Source document: https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697723417379.pdf (Dominica)
Pre-Engineering and Design Services - East Coast Roads ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)  June 2019 TYPSA Group C/ Gomera, 9 28703 - S.S. de los Reyes (Madrid) Tel.
+34 917 227 300 e-mail: exterior@typsa.com www.typsa.com Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan  QUALITY CONTROL SHEET DOCUMENT PROJECT CODE AUTHOR VERIFIED Environmental and Social Management Plan Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 INITIALS DATE INITIALS AK 20/05/2019 SC 20/08/2019 AME DATE 21/08/2019 RECIPIENT Ministry of Environment, Climate Resilience, Disaster Management and Urban Renewal NOTES RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan  CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................... 6 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 9 1.
2.

3.

INTEGRATION OF ESMP WITH PROJECT.

POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ... 11 4.

ORGANISATIONAL ASPECTS ....................................................................................................... 14 4.1.

THE CONTRACTOR ...................................................................................................................... 14 4.2.

THE CLIENT AND LINE AGENCIES ............................................................................................... 14 4.3.
CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISION CONSULTANTS ......................................................................... 15 5.

PROJECT PHASES AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS .................... 16 5.1.

PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ......................................................................................................................... 16 5.2.
CONSTRUCTION PHASE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ......................................................................................................................... 16 5.3.

OPERATIONS PHASE ACTIVITIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ........................................................... 17 6.

SOCIAL ISSUES AND CONSIDERATIONS ..................................................................................... 19 6.1.
GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM (GRM) .............................................................................. 19 6.2.

LABOUR INFLUX ........................................................................................................................... 20 7.
SOCIAL IMPACT RISK MITIGATION PLAN ................................................................................... 22 Segment 1: Pond Cassé to Bois Diable ................................................................................... 27 Segment 2: Bois Diable to Castle Bruce .................................................................................. 27 Segment 3: Castle Bruce to Petite Soufriere ........................................................................... 27 Segment 4: Castle Bruce to Hatton Garden .......................................................................... 27 8.
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND REPORTING .................................................................... 29 8.1.

DAY-TO-DAY MONITORING AND REPORTING ......................................................................... 29 8.2.

MONITORING BY CLIENT AND LINE AGENCIES ........................................................................ 30 8.3.

PROGRESS MEETINGS AND MONTHLY REPORTS ...................................................................... 30 9.
SOCIAL ACTION PLAN ................................................................................................................ 31 10.

COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN IMPLEMENTATION ........................................................................................................................ 32 11.

ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION PLANS ....................................................................................... 35 11.1.
CONSTRUCTION PHASE MITIGATION ........................................................................................ 36 11.2.

OPERATIONS PHASE MITIGATION .............................................................................................. 52 12.

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLANS ..................................................................................... 58 12.1.

RECOMMENDED WATER QUALITY MONITORING PROGRAMME ........................................... 58 12.2.
CONSTRUCTION PHASE MONITORING ..................................................................................... 58 12.3.

OPERATIONAL PHASE MONITORING ........................................................................................ 76 13.

SOCIAL MITIGATION PLANS ........................................................................................................ 79 14.
SOCIAL ACTION PLAN ................................................................................................................ 93 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 i Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan  CONTENTS 15.
SKILLS TEMPLATE ........................................................................................................................ 135 APPENDIX 1.- BEST PRACTICES TO BE APPLIED BY CONTRACTORS APPENDIX 2.- TEMPORARY TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PLAN APPENDIX 3.- PRELIMINARY OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (OSH) APPENDIX 4.- BIOENGINEERING RECOMMENDATIONS APPENDIX 5.- CODE OF CONDUCT ii RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Acronyms and Abbreviations AFSCME American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees ESHS Environmental Social Health and Safety Cap.
Chapter CEP CFP Ch.
CIMH CITES Consulting Engineers Partnership Chance Find Procedures Chainage Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology UN Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CPR Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation DOMLEC Dominica Electricity Services DOWASCO Dominica Water and Sewage Corporation DVRP ECU EC$ EHD EHO EIA EMF EMP ESMP FAD FP GCF GOD GRM H:V H&S Disaster Vulnerability Reduction Project Environmental Coordinating Unit Eastern Caribbean Dollars Environmental Health Department Environmental Health Officer Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental Management Framework Environmental Management Plan Environmental and Social Management Plan Fish Aggregating Device Flashpoint Green Climate Fund Government of the Commonwealth of Dominica Grievance Redress Mechanism Horizontal:Vertical Health and Safety HEC-RAS Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System HGV IPP ITCP Heavy Goods Vehicle Indigenous Peoples Policy Internal traffic control plan RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 iii Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan IUCN LHS International Union for Conservation of Nature Left Hand Side LMCC Lorry Mounted Crash Cushions MEA MOA Multilateral Environmental Agreement Ministry of Agriculture MSDS Material Safety Data Sheets NA NGO Not Applicable Non-governmental Organisation NIOSH National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health NLUP National Land Use Policy No.
NPDP Number Dominica National Physical Development Plan OECS Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States OH&S Occupational Health and Safety OP/BP Operational Procedures/Bank Procedures OSH PCU PCR PMC RPF PSC PRO POPs PPE RHS SIA SLM SNC SRO STEL Occupational Safety and Health Project Coordinating Unit Physical Cultural Resources Project Management/Monitoring Committee Resettlement Policy Framework Project Steering Committee Public Relations Officer Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Personal Protective Equipment Right Hand Side Social Impact Assessment Sustainable Land Management Second National Communication Statutory Rules and Orders Short Term Exposure Limit SWMS Safe Work Method Statement TCP Traffic Control Principles iv RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan TMP TNC TOR Traffic Management Plan Third National Communication Terms of Reference UNCLOS UN Convention of Law of the Sea UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation US$ VI VS WHS Ø United States Dollars Vertical Interval Vetiver Systems Work Health and Safety Diameter RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 v Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan 1.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The intention of this project is to improve the performance of the East Coast roads in both normal and hazard conditions.

The road is currently prone to failure as a result of earth movement and flooding at water course crossings.

In a number of communities there are no alternate routes, and when this road is compromised, such communities are isolated.

The road offers an alternate route to the international airport.

Road improvements also offer opportunities for: 1.


Improved access to tourism sites 2.

Better access to farm roads 3.

Increase in access for commerce 4.

Improved transit of people who will access other businesses The project entails:  Widening and resurfacing of the existing road along the current alignment except at two bridge locations.

This will require cutting into existing slopes and placement of fill, with retaining structures in locations where required.
 Geotechnical and drainage works along the road route to stabilization, resulting in superior road performance and resilience.

 Replacement of six bridges and remediation of one bridge.

 Improved road safety with guardrails as required, and new signage.

improve slope The road is divided into 4 segments.

Road Segment 1 is relatively short, measuring 4.5 km (2.8 miles) long, from the Pont Casse roundabout to the Bois Diable junction.
It traverses through secondary montane rainforest, a buffer zone for the protected area below the Morne Trois Pitons National Park-World Heritage Site and crosses several watercourses.

The Waitukubuli National Trail weaves on and off the road.

Road Segment 2 measures 9.5 km (5.9 miles) and begins just outside the north-eastern boundary of the Morne Trois Pitons National Park.

It provides access to the Bois Diable Tarish Pit and the popular Emerald Pool ecotourism site.
It traverses the hamlet of Fond Melle, Belle Fille/Castle Bruce valley, Castle Bruce Estate and terminates at the Castle Bruce-Petite Soufriere road intersection.

The road cuts across two (2) relatively large rivers, and a number of ravines.

Steep-sided road embankments both above and below the carriageway are being impacted by land slippage and subsidence.

Road Segment 3 measures 8.8 km (5.41 miles) from the junction of the Castle Bruce /Petite Soufriere road to the village of Petite Soufriere.
The road traverses the rural communities of Tranto, Dix Pas, Morpo, Good Hope, San Sauveur, and spans four rivers.

The longest road segment, Segment 4, measuring 20.5km (12.7 miles), starts at Castle Bruce, and meanders across the entire length of the Kalinago Territory, through the villages of Atkinson and Entristle, and terminates at the Hatton Garden road junction.

It spans four rivers.


6 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Most significant adverse impacts are expected in the construction phase.

Extreme and major impacts that need to be mitigated during construction relate to: 1.

The excavation of soils and the implications for slope instability.

2.
2.

Traffic delays and interruption of access to adjacent properties during the roadworks construction, particularly when work is within the road reserve.

3.

Occupational health and safety for workers engaged in construction, an inherently risky occupation.

Risks are particularly high when workers are operating in the vicinity of cut and potentially unstable slopes, or in the operating radii of heavy equipment, or alongside vehicular traffic through the worksite.

4.
4.

The generation of noise and dust, and the effect on road users, communities near the roadworks, and sensitive fauna that breeds or feeds in the adjacent vegetation.

5.

The mobilization of sediments by erosion of exposed soils within the roadworks and by bridge works on the riverbed, and the impact of these on downstream water quality in rivers and along the coastline, and on the health of aquatic and marine ecosystems.

6.

Generation of significant quantities of waste to be disposed of.
Waste will be comprised mainly of excess spoil material excavated, road pavement that is removed and demolition debris from bridges.

7.

Leaks and accidental spills of fuels, oils, chemicals and cement products, all of which can have serious adverse impacts on downstream ecologies.

8.

The inadvertent interruption of existing services contained in the road reserve, during excavation and the operation of equipment below overhead services.
Significant beneficial impacts will be realized through this project implementation.

During construction, employment will be provided through the works.

Employment opportunities will also be realized during operation and maintenance of the completed infrastructure.

The works also affords an opportunity to concurrently upgrade services available to communities, and to improve the safety of access off the road, for residents and visitors alike.
Upon completion of the works, improved performance in normal and hazard conditions is expected, in accordance with the project objectives.

The Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for this project is contained in a separate document, and provides the basis for this ESMP.

Standalone mitigation plans have also been developed as follows, and these are contained in Appendices to this report: 1.
Appendix 1: Best practice to be applied by contractors, to be used in the development of method of statements, and in the application of appropriate mitigation measures for the various potential impacts listed.

2.

Appendix 2: Temporary traffic management plan, to guide the contractor in the development of site specific traffic management plans for the various aspects of the works.

3.
3.

Appendix 3: Preliminary occupational safety and health plan, to guide contractors in the development of their own Work Health and Safety (WHS) Management Plan and Safe Work Method Statements (SWMS).

4.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations.

The latter two are developed as standalone documents as stipulated in the project TOR.
RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 7 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan The Environmental Management Plan identifies the following for implementation: 1.

Organisational aspects, in particular, the respective responsibilities of Designer, Contractor, Supervising Consultant, Client and Line agencies in the different project phases.

2.
2.

Requirements and responsibilities for environmental management and environmental monitoring in the different phases, and associated costs.

3.

Recommendations for capacity building.

Recommendations are made to strengthen in the application of the Department of Forestry and relevant stakeholders appropriate bioengineering techniques; and Ministry of Public Works in works inspection and maintenance, and improved quarry operations.
From the social point of view, this report discusses the policy, legal and institutional framework that underpins the development of the Social Management Plan, highlighting key provisions of the World Bank social safeguards in respect of involuntary resettlement, the treatment of Indigenous Peoples' and promotion of workers’ rights.
It offers some suggestions for fine tuning the DVRP’s generic Grievance Redress Mechanism and addresses the subject of potential labour influx, which could have implications for worker-community conflict, could pose health risks and exert pressure on local services; while at the same time could generate a demand for local goods and services, such as food and accommodation.
The Social Management Plan consists of an impact risk mitigation plan, based on the findings of the Social Impact Assessment and the proposed engineering design solutions.

Potential risks, identified with varying levels of impact by the communities include resettlement, land acquisition and compensation, loss of business/livelihoods, elevated levels of dust, traffic delays and/or diversions.
The mitigation measures proposed centred on compliance with the social safeguards with regard to involuntary resettlement, ensuring that affected persons are not disadvantaged and moreover, might enjoy an improved standard of living; the implementation of effective communications plans and a dust reduction strategy; public campaigns/sensitisation of communities on the negative impacts of labour influx and introduction of standards in accommodation and food service.
The detailed mitigation and associated action plans are set out in tabular form.

Importantly, budget estimates for the proposed mitigation plan are provided.

For management purposes, these are consolidated across segments, except stated otherwise.

8 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan 2.

INTRODUCTION The project that is the subject of this report is the rehabilitation of the Dominica East Coast Road.
The Project is funded under the World Bank Dominica/Government of Dominica, and outputs are in adherence to the World Bank Social and Environmental Safeguards Policies, DVRP Environmental Management Framework (EMF), Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF), Indigenous Peoples Policy (IPP) and Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) (Environmental and Social Guidelines which govern the project implementation).
These documents may be sourced on www.dvrp.gov.dm The objective of the World Bank’s environmental and social safeguard policies is to prevent and mitigate undue harm to people and their environment in the development process.

The road is important as an alternate route from the city of Roseau to the international airport, and connects east coast communities including the Kalinago Territory to the city and the west coast.

Traffic on this road is generally low, with nighttime traffic extremely low.
The traffic is dominated by light vehicles.

However, due to increased construction post H. Maria, traffic along the route is higher now especially as it relates to heavy construction equipment and trucks transporting construction material.

The terrain over which this road traverses is characterized by high embankments and cliffs (or falèz).

Drainage is poor and with heavy rainfall there is extensive runoff resulting in road edge failures and landslides.

Stones roll down the cut slopes and embankments.


There are pot holes in the road surface.

Some road sections are very narrow with high adjacent cuts.

There are numerous culverts crossing the road; many are old, of small diameter and poorly constructed.

Investment in climate resilient infrastructure is intended to measurably reduce vulnerability to natural hazards and climate change impacts in Dominica.
The slope stabilization, climate resilient rehabilitation of primary and secondary roads and bridges, and improved climate resilient drainage systems along the East Coast road fall within component 1 of the Dominica DVRP which addresses prevention and adaptation investments (DVRP, 2014).
The project road has been divided into four segments as follows:     Segment 1: Pont Casse Roundabout to Bois Diable Segment 2: Bois Diable to Castle Bruce Segment 3: Castle Bruce to Petite Soufriere Segment 4: Castle Bruce to Hatton Garden Proposed roadworks will include road widening with associated side slope cuts and embankment construction, improved drainage along and across the road, rehabilitation or replacement of bridges and culverts, and road re-surfacing.
Information available at the preliminary design report stage was used to develop works information contained in this report.

There will be slight modifications to these in the final design, but these changes are not deemed critical in terms of assessing potential works impacts.

An Environmental Management Plan is required to be developed in accordance with OP 4.01, Annex C – Environmental Management Plan published by the World Bank.
According to this reference, the Environmental Management Plan consists of the set of mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures to be taken during implementation and operation to RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 9 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan eliminate adverse environmental and social impacts, offset them or reduce them to acceptable levels.

The plan also includes the actions needed to implement these measures.
The Social Management Plan is based on the findings of the Social Impact Assessment, itself a culmination of extensive research, consultations with key informants and the communities of the affected areas as well as a survey of road users.

It also combines the weightings attached by the communities to the social impacts, through a voting procedure; with the engineering design requirements in the formulation of mitigation and associated action plans.
It begins with a brief discussion on the policy, legal and institutional framework and an examination of two cross cutting issues, namely grievance redress and workers’ rights and potential labour influx.

The Plan then details recommended mitigation measures by road segments and action plans.

A tabular presentation of mitigation measures and action plans is provided in Appendices 5 and 6.
10 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan 3.

INTEGRATION OF ESMP WITH PROJECT.

POLICY, LEGAL AND FRAMEWORK INSTITUTIONAL Efficient implementation of the recommended mitigation measures is necessary to avoid, minimise or offset adverse impacts and to promote beneficial impacts, resulting in an enhancement of the overall environmental performance of this project.
Effective environmental management can only be achieved if it is carried out within a formalised framework based on some fundamental general principles.

These are:  Environmental management should be fully integrated within the overall project management framework, directed towards achieving an environmentally sustainable project which meets its intended purpose, functions efficiently throughout its life, and results in minimal adverse environmental impact.
 Environmental management should not be considered as separate from other activities relating to preparation, implementation and subsequent operation of the project.

 Individual management/monitoring responsibilities and functions need to be clearly defined to ensure that there are no gaps which might prejudice environmental performance of the project.
 Procedures relating to environmental management should be formulated to cause minimum disruption to, and fully integrate with, other aspects of project management.

The usual management structure, reporting systems and meetings should be used for environmental management.

 Successful environmental management requires a strong commitment at all levels of project management, and in all bodies concerned, if it is to achieve worthwhile results.
Effective and timely liaison between the various relevant bodies is also vital.

 Environmental monitoring is a basic tool to provide information for decision-making by project management.

It should be organised in a manner that facilitates the early recognition of potential problems, so that appropriate remedial action can be initiated before serious environmental damage, danger or inconvenience have been caused.
The TOR envisages that the ESMP would be drawn up in accordance with the World Bank Safeguards and the project EMF and in compliance with local laws and would establish an impact mitigation plan with a detailed description of each mitigation measure, the issue being addressed, the conditions under which it will be required and the design requirements and procedures.

It also specifies that mitigation measures should be specific to individual road segments and would be accompanied by budgets.
The Social Management Plan draws on Impact Assessment.

In categorizing risks and mitigation plans by road segments, attention is paid to the design recommendations of the Engineering Team.

Notwithstanding the emphasis being placed on the potential social impacts attributed to individual road segments, the Social Management Plan also treats with issues that cross-cut all segments and which must be addressed in keeping with the relevant institutional and legal frameworks.
These include involuntary resettlement, grievance mechanism, potential labour influx and workers’ rights.

findings on potential impacts outlined the Social the in The Social Management Plan treats with potential labour influx and workers’ rights and seeks to appraise the grievance redress mechanism.

The appraisal of the DVRP Grievance Mechanism is based on a set of good practice criteria.
In addition, the treatment of the RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 11 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan potential labour influx is guided by a review of the experiences of other countries.

Recommendations, however, are tailored to the local situation.

The World Bank Safeguard mechanisms provide guidelines the harmonious implementation and operation of Bank financed projects with a view to minimizing adverse impacts on project affected communities.
Included in these safeguards are policies, procedures and standards relative to environmental and social risks and impact assessment, stakeholder engagement and information disclosure, involuntary resettlement, the treatment of Indigenous Peoples and the provisions for Workers’ Rights.

for The Social Impact Assessment and the extensive consultations undertaken in the first phase of this assignment, are in conformity with the Bank’s principles.
In a similar vein, the Social Management Plan takes cognizance of the safeguards as well as the local laws.

In this section, we present a summary of the Bank’s policies on involuntary resettlement, Indigenous Peoples’ and workers’ rights.

We also examine Dominica’s Labour Laws with a view to ensuring compliance of the Social Management Plan with these and World Bank safeguards.
To avoid severe economic, social and environmental risks of unplanned and unmitigated involuntary resettlement, the Bank has established the following policy guidelines:  Involuntary resettlement should be avoided where feasible, or minimized, exploring all viable alternative project designs  Where resettlement cannot be avoided, resettlement should be conducted as sustainable development programmes  Displaced persons should be afforded the opportunity to improve their livelihoods and standard of living.
They must at least be restored to pre-displacement conditions or to those prevailing at the commencement of project implementation, whichever is higher (OP 4.12 – Involuntary Resettlement 2001, Revised 2013).
The Bank in Environmental and Social Standards 1 (ESS1) recommends the adoption of a risk mitigation hierarchy as follows:  Anticipate and avoid risks and impacts  Where avoidance is not possible, minimize or reduce risks and impacts to acceptable levels  Once risks and impacts have been minimized or reduced, mitigate  Where significant residual impacts remain, compensate for or offset them, where technically and financially feasible With regard to the Indigenous Peoples, the Bank provides for screening to determine their level of presence in a given project.
It also provides for the free, prior and informed consultation with the affected Indigenous Peoples’ communities and for the development of an Indigenous Peoples Plan (IPP).

The IPP is intended to include a commitment that persons affected by the project receive culturally appropriate, social and economic benefits from a given project.
In keeping with these guidelines, the DVRP facilitated the formulation of the Indigenous Peoples Plan (IPP), in consultation with the Kalinago Council and community stakeholders.
The IPP emphasizes the need for the free, prior and informed consultation with the Kalinago community, the high priority attached to the employment of the Kalinago people and the 12 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan importance of skills transfer in the project implementation phase.
It also calls for mitigation measures to treat with potential adverse risks and for the location of the grievance redress mechanism in the local level in the first instance.

This takes cognizance of the customary arrangements for dispute settlement that exist in the Kalinago community.

ESS2, which establishes protocols for labour and working conditions, focuses on the promotion of safety and health in the workplace, as well as fair treatment, non-discrimination and equal opportunity for project workers.
It also calls for the protection of project workers, with an emphasis on the vulnerable and for the prevention of forced or child labour.

These principles are generally in line with the ILO’s Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work which centre on freedom of association and the right to collective bargaining, the elimination of forced or compulsory labour, the abolition of child labour and the elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation.
Dominica’s labour laws are generally in keeping with the ILO Conventions and Recommendations.

The national laws give effect to the abolition of child labour, treated in ILO Convention 138, in at least two pieces of legislation.

The Employment of Women, Young Persons and Children Act Chap.

90:06 prohibits the employment of children in any public or private industrial undertaking, except in which only family members are employed.

This is underscored in the Employment of Children (Prohibition) Act.

Chap.
Chap.

90:05.

With regard to forced labour, Dominica is also a signatory to the Convention.

However, the Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations (CEARC) in its 2016 Gap Analysis had observed gaps in the national legislations giving effect to the Convention.
To rectify these, the Committee had recommended the repeal of the National Service Act, 1977 and that a greater emphasis be placed on forced labour in the Transnational Organized Crime (Prevention and Control) Act 13 of 2013.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 13 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan 4.

ORGANISATIONAL ASPECTS 4.1.


THE CONTRACTOR The contractor will have responsibility for implementing measures to address all social and environmental safeguards requirements, and is expected to hire professionals with the appropriate project management and other specialist skills required for the successful implementation of these requirements.
As part of their bid submissions, prospective contractors are required to prepare specific plans and demonstrate their capacity to properly manage social and environmental issues.

The bid evaluation should include an assessment of the quality of these submissions and of the capacity of key staff to meet the stipulated social and environmental safeguard requirements.

4.2.

THE CLIENT AND LINE AGENCIES PCU as Client agency will have responsibility for all social and environmental safeguards monitoring.
Other Agencies, Ministries and Departments (e.g.

Forestry, Environmental Health Department) will have responsibility for monitoring based on their mandate and the day-to- day responsibilities of their respective institutions.

As such, environmental management and monitoring of this project by the public sector will involve a number of bodies, each with its own statutory responsibilities or other traditional roles, and organisational structure.
These bodies should work co-operatively, within a coordinated framework, if efficient and effective environmental management from the public sector perspective is to be achieved.

DVRP already has a Project Steering Committee which has oversight.

Although not all of the following agencies are represented, their participation should be co-opted as required to in relation to environmental ensure management and monitoring on this project: improved coordination of public responsibilities 1.
DVRP Project Coordination Unit 2.

Ministry of Public Works, Water Resource Management and Ports 3.

Environmental Health Department 4.

Forestry, Wildlife and Parks Division 5.

Fisheries Division 6.

Division of Labour 7.

DOWASCO 8.

DOMLEC 9.

Fire Service 10.

Environmental Coordinating Unit 11.

Ministry of Kalinago Affairs The following should be kept informed, and co-opted as required, to participate in activities if necessary: 1.

Solid Waste Management Corporation 2.

Area Councils 3.

FLOW 4.


Digicel 14 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan The Client agency must make relevant line agencies and its own staff aware of the requirements for their monitoring of the development construction upon commencement (as outlined in this ESMP), and the responsibilities should be agreed at the pre-design stage.
It is assumed that the public sector agencies will rely heavily on the DVRP office to monitor on a day to day basis, and call them in as needed, in light of the resource constraints that most of these agencies suffer.
The DVRP office is expected to take a lead role in construction monitoring to ensure compliance with the project safeguards requirements.. Human resources in the DVRP office include well-qualified persons with environmental and social expertise, and they will be required to routinely visit the sites, identify potential issues, and interface with the supervision consultant’s environmental specialist as well as their public sector counterparts, to ensure that environmental and social issues are adequately mitigated.
4.3.

CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISION CONSULTANTS A suitably qualified Consultant will be hired by the Client to supervise and coordinate all elements of the works.

The Supervisor will have responsibility for ensuring that the contractor complies with all social and environmental safeguard requirements.
Environmental management and monitoring responsibilities will relate primarily to ensuring that provisions that will protect the safety of workers, general public and environment are complied with and that the Contractor is in compliance with all approved plans, so that the impact of construction activities on the environment, road users, and occupants and users of adjacent properties and public spaces is minimised.
It is anticipated that an Environmental Specialist will be hired to specifically monitor and report on environmental issues.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 15 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan 5.

PROJECT PHASES AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS 5.1.
PRE-CONSTRUCTION RESPONSIBILITIES PHASE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES AND For the purposes of environmental management, the pre-construction phase is considered to extend from the initial stages of project preparation to Client-approval of final designs and bid documents.
Environmental management activities during this phase include ensuring that:  all government procedures relating to environmental matters have been (or will be) complied with, prior to commencement of construction,  detailed designs incorporate appropriate, specific features aimed at minimising adverse impacts and enhancing beneficial impacts,  bid documents for contractors contain appropriate clauses to require the effective and efficient control of environmental impacts arising from construction activities  work on the project communications plan is substantially completed.
The design recommendations for improved environmental performance will be incorporated into the project plans at the full design stage.

The bid documents should include the following, developed by the Environmental team: 1.

The EMP 2.

Best practice to be applied by contractors (Appendix 1 to this ESMP) 3.

Temporary traffic management plan (Appendix 2 to this ESMP) 4.

Preliminary occupational safety and health plan (Appendix 3 to this ESMP) 5.2.
CONSTRUCTION PHASE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES From the point of view of environmental management and monitoring, the construction phase is considered to extend from the pre-bidding activities to completion of the construction works, through the defects liability period.
Environmental management during the construction phase will cover three principal aspects:  Final review of environmental aspects of designs and bid documents to ensure that they form a sound and comprehensive basis for addressing construction and operational environmental impacts.

 Ensuring that contractors are properly briefed in relation to the importance of environmental protection during construction.
 Managing environmental aspects of construction implementation in such a way that adverse impacts associated with the construction process are satisfactorily mitigated and reduced to an acceptable level.
Briefings of interested bidders in the bid period should include the background and context of the approach to environmental management which will be taken during the construction phase, and should draw attention to the following: 16 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan  Contractual clauses intended to control adverse impacts, in line with meeting the environmental policies of the Government and the DVRP.
 Requirements for environmental submissions as part of the bid.

 Construction supervision will include monitoring of, and reporting on, environmental aspects, on a daily basis.

 Environmentally-friendly construction involves little more than the adoption of good construction practices.

 A summary of key adverse impacts and the contractual obligations which will be imposed on contractors in order to minimise occurrence and severity of construction impacts.
 Emphasis on the need for pricing of bids to take fully into account, compliance with environmental requirements set out in the bid documents, so as to facilitate compliance.
The environmental guidance provided in the bid document, among others things, is expected to guide the bidders in the development of the following, to be included in the bid submissions:  Method Statement including Site Management Plan and temporary Drainage Plan (for construction phase)  Construction Programme  Environment, Social, Health and Safety Policy statement  Workers Code of Conduct appended to the ESMP  Work Health and Safety (WHS) Management Plan/Occupational Safety and Health Plan  Traffic Management Plan  Emergency Response Plan If time permits, these submissions should be reviewed by the relevant authorities (the PMC if it has been established), and their comments factored into the bid review and award process.
The approved plans that form part of the contract with the successful bidder, and any subsequent approved amendments to these, should be disseminated to all relevant line agencies (or the PMC) so that they may be referred to for monitoring purposes.

The plans must be approved by the Client on the advice of the supervising consultant, before works commence.
High level project management during construction, including general oversight and direction, will be the combined responsibility of the Contractor’s Project Manager and the supervision consultants.

Overall primary responsibility for day-to-day construction supervision and contract management, and therefore for environmental management during construction, will lie with the Contractor’s site supervisory staff.

5.3.
5.3.

OPERATIONS PHASE ACTIVITIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES This phase commences upon expiry of the defects liability period, at which point the Ministry of Public Works is expected to assume responsibility for management of the infrastructure.

If the project has been well designed and constructed, these responsibilities will not be taxing early in the operational life of the project.
However, a maintenance plan should be RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 17 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan developed to address operations phase requirements from inception, to guide the Ministry inspection and maintenance protocols, and to ensure that the infrastructure performs optimally through its useful life.

The Forestry, Wildlife and Parks Division will be responsible for maintenance of vegetation on slopes in the long term.
Requirements for management will be most onerous early in the operational phase, as vegetation planted to stabilize slopes will still be establishing and maturing.

It is proposed that the teams responsible for establishment continue with the immediate aftercare under Forestry’s supervision, funded by the project.
Once the vegetation establishes, the attention required will drop off significantly, and will be limited to nominal maintenance, which the Forestry Division should have sufficient capacity to manage.

Environmental management through the operations phase will be the responsibility of environmental agencies within the government, and should be an integral part of their routine operations.
It will be their responsibility to ensure that maintenance works undertaken by the Ministry of Public Works do not adversely affect the environment or the health and safety of persons in nearby communities and road users.

18 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan 6.
SOCIAL ISSUES AND CONSIDERATIONS The crosscutting issues of significance to the Eastern Roads Project include involuntary resettlement, acquisition and compensation, for which guidelines have been established; grievance redress and labour influx and workers’ rights.
Based on the scores derived from the voting exercise, the involuntary resettlement, acquisition and compensation is of more importance to some segments than to others and so will be treated within the mitigation measures applicable to individual road segments.

6.1.

GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM (GRM) Grievance mechanisms should be simple and accessible to potential complainants, with well-defined procedural steps, time frames and an appeals provision.
Complainants must know where to lodge a grievance; and complaints, whether written or verbal, must be recorded on a form designed for that purpose.

The mechanism should exhibit fairness, with procedural steps that are easily explainable and readily understood.

It should be promptly administered, with time in the procedure(EBRD Grievance Management Guidance Note.
In the case of the Eastern Roads Project, it is foreseen that grievances by the public might arise in connection with the involuntary resettlement, land acquisition and compensation; although these may be minimized by extensive consultation and communication concerning the processes that are proposed for resolution of such issues.

limits set for each step It is also possible that worker-related grievances might arise.
A workplace grievance mechanism should focus on worker and contractor rights and should be communicated to both groups.

As in the case of that for the general public, this should also be clearly defined and be capable of being understood by all parties.

The DVRP should anticipate the type of grievance/complaints that might arise in the workplace and be ready to treat with them.
Workplace grievances may take the form of pay related issues, provision of facilities such as sanitary conveniences, accommodation (if applicable), as well as health and safety issues.

Although it is anticipated that these would be minimized through contractual arrangements with the contractor, they must be catered for in the form of a grievance redress provision.
A Grievance Redress Mechanism, which currently forms part of the DVRP Resettlement Framework, makes provision for complaints, filled in a triplicate form, to be lodged in the DVRP Office to be dealt with by the Social Specialist who is expected to report to the Project Coordinator or the Project Steering Committee by the 7th of each month.

The steps are as follows:  The person lodging the complaint provides acknowledgement of the complaint to the complainant within 3 days.
All grievances received by post or in person are acknowledged  Details of the grievance received shall be maintained by the Safeguard Expert in a register to capture Complainant Number (CN); Date of receipt; Particulars of Client; Particulars of Grievance; Date of Acknowledgement/Date of Redress  The complainant is given a Grievance Number and expected time of redress by the Social Specialist RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 19 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan  The Complainant can have recourse to higher authority either the Ministry of Finance or the Ministry of the Environment if grievance is not resolved in 2 weeks  The Social Specialist provides reasons for the delay and updated time for the redress  If complainant does not receive a response or is not satisfied with the outcome within the agreed time, he/she can lodge a complaint to the Director of Public Prosecutions or other relevant authority The PCU notes that this generalized mechanism will be adjusted in consultation with the communities, once the GRM is triggered.
The following recommendations, in particular that which refers to the identification of the higher authority to which complaints should be addressed, could be considered by the PCU:  The form, designed by the PCU, is to be filled in triplicate, so that a copy is returned to the complainant, one copy held by the Council Office and the other transmitted to the DVRP  The form should be submitted to the DVRP within 3 days  The DVRP acknowledgement would be sent out to the complainant by the Social Specialist or, in her absence, by another designated person, in 3 days’ time  The procedures should identify the office holder, in the specified Ministry, who would be the higher authority where redress could be sought  Consideration could be given to the introduction of an independent arbitrator 6.2.
LABOUR INFLUX The rapid importation of workers in large numbers relative to the size of the host community has the potential for generating adverse social and environmental impacts on the community.
The potential negative impacts have been identified as “increased demand and competition for local social and health services, as well as for goods and services, which can lead to price hikes and crowding out of local consumers, increased volume of traffic and higher risk of accidents, increased demands on the ecosystems and natural resources, social conflicts within and between communities, increased risk of spread of communicable diseases and increased rates of illicit behaviour and crime” (OPCS and ESSAT, 2016.
Managing the risks of adverse impacts on communities from temporary project induced labour influx).

To treat with the labour recruitment issue, project workforce estimates, including the required range of skills need to be carried out.

It would appear that potential contractors would be best placed to provide these estimates, since much depends on the labour-equipment mix that individual contractors may utilize.
The Social Impact Consultants are in the process of collecting data on the available skills in the affected communities, through a process of having community members register during the consultations and/or through their village councils.

It is anticipated that these lists will be made available to the contractor, who will be expected to conduct the necessary verification.

The DVRP will also make available to the contractor any reports conducted by them on labour influx screening.
In addition, the standards for facilities such as accommodation need to be addressed.

Moreover, given the range of issues that can arise from the importation of labour, the 20 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan mitigation strategies need to be tailored to promoting the wellbeing of the workers as well as of the communities.
A public guidance note by the IFC and the EBRD in relation to workers’ accommodation, processes and standards rightly suggests that it is more beneficial to the communities to have the labour force recruited internally.

There are obvious benefits to the community such as employment and income generation, as well as the avoidance of the potential negative impacts of labour influx.

Should labour importation become necessary, then an assessment of worker accommodation would be required.
The issue would not only be one of availability, but also one of standards.

In this regard, the ILO has established a comprehensive set of standards to guide the provision of adequate worker accommodation, should the need arise.

These standards could be applied to host community or other accommodation and would serve to mitigate against potential complaints by workers.

The standards include:  Minimum space allocated per person or per family (e.g.
floor area)  Supply of water in worker’s dwelling in such quantities as to provide for all personal and household uses  Adequate sewage and garbage disposal systems  Protection against heat, cold, damp, noise, fire, disease-carrying animals and insects  Adequate sanitary and washing facilities, ventilation, cooking, storage facilities and natural and artificial lighting  A minimum degree of privacy both between individual persons within the household and for the members of the household against undue disturbance by external factors  In the case of single workers and workers separated from their families Separate bed for each worker Separate gender accommodation Adequate sanitary conveniences Common dining rooms, canteens, rest and recreation rooms Health facilities if not available in the community From the Dominican perspective, these are useful standards.
In addition, compliance with building codes, including a focus on climate resilient accommodation, is particularly important given our recent experience with Hurricane Maria and the declared aspiration of arriving at a climate resilient Dominica.

The Chinese West Coast project accommodation, constructed prior to the passage of Hurricane Maria could be classified as a workers’ camp.
Its complete demolition by the catastrophic event underscores the need for resilient accommodation, whether or not intended as temporary.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 21 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan 7.
SOCIAL IMPACT RISK MITIGATION PLAN Assumptions to successful implementation of the East Coast Road Rehabilitation Project include:  Adequate early sensitization of affected persons to the likely positive and negative finalization of engineering designs and commencement of to impacts prior construction;  Key stakeholders in the public sector remain committed to the World Bank Social Safeguards already agreed to and adopted;  That the relevant Ministries and the DVRP are resourced to undertake their coordinating and engagement roles in this regard;  That the TOR for the construction works will require the construction firm to present a the recommendations includes construction management plan which environmental and social impact management plan.
from The risks which are the eventuality that the above assumptions do not hold, resulting in actualization of the likely negative social impacts described in the ESIA, are addressed in detail with mitigation plans herein below.

The risks identified point to expectations of similar eventualities and challenges by populations across the four road segments, however with different levels of concern.

See Table 9 in the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA).
In addition to those concerns raised and inferred risk probabilities, the following mitigation plan is also a response to a review of the preliminary engineering designs.

The preliminary engineering designs point to the need for the following interventions:  Widening of the road.

The paved width will be 6.5 m except in some sections of Segment 3 where it will be narrower, but never less than 5.0 m.  Side drains all along the road.
 Replacement of many culverts for several reasons: capacity, current status, small size (the minimum will be 1.5 m).

 Removal of asphalt course and construction of new base and wearing course.

 Guardrails at significant embankments.

 Elevation of the longitudinal profile about 1.0 m at the beginning of Segment 3 (floodable area), replacing existing culverts and adding others.
 Construction of retaining walls The findings from the social engagement to date and the implications from these recommended interventions from the preliminary engineering designs therefore reveal a high probability of issues relating to the following along segments 2, 3 and 4 and to a less extent segment 1:  World Bank Policy on Resettlement/DVRP Resettlement Framework compliance issues to be monitored in all four segments: 22 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan  Exploring all viable options to avoid/minimise involuntary resettlement and land acquisition  Where resettlement and land acquisition cannot be avoided, conception and execution of land acquisition and compensation activities with the full involvement and participation of the displaced persons  Assistance to displaced and compensated persons in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standard of living, or to restore them to their pre-displacement levels or levels prevailing prior to beginning of the project implementation whichever is higher The desk research reveals fair compliance with the processes called for in the DVRP Resettlement Framework and its Guidelines to date.
It also calls for a management framework during the construction phase which specifies indicators/measures to facilitate continued monitoring of compliance.

Resource Implications of the above call for manpower at the relevant Ministries/ Departments to effectively coordinate implementation of the DVRP Resettlement Policy Framework including its Standard Operating Procedures.
The commitment and collaboration y from the supporting Government Ministries and departments including the Ministry of Environment, Lands and Surveys Division, Property Valuation Division, Fisheries Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Physical Planning Division and the Ministry of Public Works is paramount.

The DVRP, through the Social Specialist, will also be required to develop a communications plan that informs affected persons of any further resettlement plans and related timetable of activities.
However, in routine matters such as delays and diversions, along the route, the communication plan will be the responsibility of the Contractor in collaboration with the DVRP, as indicated in the implementation matrix.

This will involve an implementation function for the DVRP in developing a communication plan that informs of any further resettlement plans and related timetable of activities.
In addition to these manpower investments, a budget to meet compensation to affected persons will have to be allocated by the GoCD through the relevant Ministry.

 Loss of biodiversity -flora and fauna - of particular concern in segments 2, 3 and 4 These are purely environmental issues which are fully addressed in the ESIA.
From an aesthetics point of view, however, the recommendation here is for a beautification committee/community involving concerned tourism development committee persons and other environmental management stakeholders to draw up a plan to address any potential negative impact on flora and fauna.
Resource Implications call for manpower - an initiating and coordinating function by the DVRP supported by the ECU in bringing stakeholders together to draw up a plan that can be integrated into the construction management plan  Delays along the route of concern in segments 2,3 and 4 Traffic interruptions and delays are not uncommon during road works and are expected to be acute during construction of segment 3 where alternative routes are not already available and given the terrain in the villages of Good Hope, San RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 23 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Sauveur and Petite Soufriere, would be extremely costly to build.
Several approaches to mitigating this inconvenience are recommended as follows:  Develop and implement, with the involvement of concerned persons, and the Village Councils, a public communication/relations coordinated by programme which includes radio and newspaper announcements, church and school announcements, distribution of flyers in the community, erecting of traffic control and diversion signs.
This activity will be executed by the Contractor with the support of the PCU and the Traffic Department  Segment 3 could also require a bus relay service to get commuters and students to and from Castle Bruce, with consideration to be given to the need for a guide to walk them through the construction site  Segment 1 comprises mostly farmlands and a few farmhouses which are located in-land well away from the affected areas.
Furthermore, the stretch of road covered is wide enough to allow for at least a one-lane flow of traffic during construction.

 Demarcation of all trenches and equipment which are exposed to the public or close to traffic routes Resource implications call for manpower to design and implement a communications/public relations programme – Contractor, DVRP, village council, Traffic Dept.

A budget to cover radio announcements and newspaper notices and printing of flyers may be necessary.
The construction management plan should also make budgetary provisions for bus relay services and temporary bridge replacements especially in segments 3 and 4.

Traffic signs and related traffic paraphernalia would also be required.

Loss of livelihoods.

The probability of this is high along segments 3 and 4 and to a lesser extent along segment 2.
Affected businesses could include village shops, roadside vendors of arts and crafts especially in the Kalinago Territory and roadside vendors of agricultural produce.
To mitigate likely loss of livelihood, the following are recommended:  All viable options to relocation of businesses are explored  If relocation cannot be avoided/ or if business has to be temporarily stopped, adequate compensation for loss of income should be provided for Preliminary designs reveal that this eventuality will have very temporary disruptive impacts during the civil works.
Resource implications call for: Manpower – a coordinating and monitoring role for the DVRP and relevant Ministryto ensure compliance with provisions and guidelines of the DVRP Resettlement Policy Framework in the event of further unavoidable resettlement.

This will be undertaken by existing staff and does not require any new budgetary provisions.
Budgetary allocation by the Ministry of Finance for payment of compensation to persons, in affected areas, whose livelihoods have been negatively impacted, including for preparation of area of relocation if relocation is necessary and facilitating acquisition of legal ownership of replacement property, where necessary.
24 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Dust pollution was raised as a concern to affected persons in segments 2, 3 and 4, with its implications for air quality and resulting health issues.
Recommended mitigation measures include:  Early preparation of a construction management plan which indicates likely peak dusty periods and measures to control dust within the construction zone  Development and implementation of a communication plan which provides affected persons with information on dust control plans  Proper storage of cement in sheds or containers  Proper covering of fine construction material and or moistening with water, and watering of excavation/demolition debris  Periodic watering of unpaved roads on the site  Provision of dusk masks Resource Implications call for: to coordinate and monitor the construction Manpower management plan and the communications plan to ensure that dust reduction and control measures are implemented implementation of Budget to purchase dusk masks and for wetting dusty areas in the vicinity of the construction site A small budget could also be required for printing of fliers, radio and newspaper notices as part of the communication plan Resettlement of affected persons.
Mitigation will ensure that if resettlement cannot be avoided:  Affected persons are moved to a mutually agreed new location  In the event of loss of access to assets or loss of assets that affected persons are adequately compensated That affected persons are allowed due process in the event of grievance complaint   Finalization of the Grievance Redress Mechanism Resource implications call for manpower at the relevant Ministry in collaboration with the DVRP to coordinate and implement compliance with the provisions and guidelines of the DVRP Resettlement Framework, its standard operating procedures and the Grievance Redress Mechanism.
A budget may be required for paying compensation.

 Preservation of cultural heritage.

Initiatives discussed above relating to flora and fauna and loss of livelihoods will have positive impacts on preservation of cultural heritage and so will initiatives for seamless use of outside labour discussed below.
Other measures to mitigate any negative project impacts on the cultural heritage in the area include:  Involving tourism stakeholders in compiling an inventory of physical structures of cultural heritage which will be affected, then through a consultative process with affected populations draw up a restoration plan RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 25 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan  Form a committee of design team, national tourism stakeholders and village council representative to beautify roadside in affected areas in the Kalinago Territory to showcase Kalinago customs and culture implications call for convening and coordinating Resource engagements among the Kalinago Council and other key stakeholders in the Kalinago Territory and national historians to design the beautification plan for the area.
A budgetary allocation may be required to implement such a plan, led by the Village Council for manpower (DVRP)  Labour Influx.

This eventuality is of particular concern among affected persons in Segments 3 and 4.

So far, it is reasonably expected that technical services may have to be procured from outside the affected areas and possibly outside Dominica to undertake some of the works.
However, expectations among the affected communities, of job opportunities at the skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled levels are high.

Unmet expectations in this regard can lead to situations that negatively impact the productivity of workers who are brought in.

Mitigation will have to be informed by review of labour requirements recommended in the engineering designs in the context of the findings of a labour force audit for the affected areas.
Such a review will determine and justify the decision to bring in workers or not, and if the decision is to bring in workers appropriate steps should be taken to mitigate potential negative impacts.

The data on skills is being collected from the affected communities through a registration process, based on the form captured in Section 15.
To mitigate against any negative impacts such as the crowding out of residents from the emerging construction jobs and possible disruptive effects on the communities; while preparing the latter for taking advantage of any opportunities that might arise, the following responses are listed here: Training of local teams to effectively participate in construction work   An alternative to formal training would be to apprentice unskilled workers to the project, a component included in the Kalinago Indigenous Peoples Plan (IPP)  Preparing locals to meet minimum standards in service delivery so that benefits to residents from resulting increase in demand for accommodation, food and other services can be maximized:  Standards development to enable local accommodation enterprises to successfully compete in providing accommodation to workers coming in Training for locals in food safety standards   Maintain respect and avoid abusive relationships at the work place  Development of relevant workplace standards  A programme aimed at public sensitization on the rationale for bringing in workers and social harmony within the affected communities  Sensitization of the communities on potential health (including reproductive) risks that sometimes accompany labour influx.
Engage Ministry of Health and Social Services in this effort Resource implications call for a budget to implement standards training related to workplace behaviour, accommodation quality and food service quality.
Manpower at the DVRP with 26 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan support of Village Councils to engage the affected areas with a view to identifying, monitoring and addressing any early signs of negative social impacts.

In general the construction works will inter alia include road surfacing and the construction of culverts, retaining walls and bridges that will require impact mitigation measures to be put in place.
The following highlights bridge construction/reconstruction works by segment, which will require specific mitigation measures.

Segment 1: Pont Cassé to Bois Diable No bridges to be replaced or rehabilitated on this segment.

Segment 2: Bois Diable to Castle Bruce  L’Riviere L’Or (Segment 2, Ch.

8+400): replacement with a change of alignment, increasing vertical and horizontal clearance.
The existing bridge is to be retained for maintaining traffic flows during the construction works  Belle Fille (Segment 2, Ch.

12+400): replacement of the existing bridge, on the same location, with increased width and the vertical clearance.

A temporary bridge will be required during construction works: This will require traffic diversion and disruptions and hence delays to road users.

Radio announcements in advance will be necessary Segment 3: Castle Bruce to Petite Soufriere  Calixte (Segment 3, Ch.
0+820): This is to be widened to provide two lanes and sidewalk: Could result in interruptions to traffic flows and delays to road users.

Radio announcements in advance will therefore be necessary and speed limit signs on the approaches in the vicinity of the construction works  San Sauveur (Segment 3, Ch.
6+260): replacement at the same location, widening it and increasing the vertical clearance about 1.0 m. A provisional bridge in parallel will be needed during construction: Adequate advance information by radio and erection of road diversion signs required Segment 4: Castle Bruce to Hatton Garden  Castle Bruce (Segment 4, Ch.
15+600): To be replaced- widened with increased vertical clearance- at the same location but with no need for construction of a provisional bridge as an alternative route through the village of Castle Bruce is available: Will require traffic diversions and signs  Richmond River (Segment 4, Ch 17+500): replacement at the same location, widening it and keeping the same vertical profile.
A provisional bridge in parallel will be needed during construction: Will require traffic diversion and sign and radio announcements in advance RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 27 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan  Pagua Bay (Segment 4, Ch.
33+850): replacement at the same location, widening it and increasing the vertical clearance about 1.0 m. A provisional bridge in parallel will be needed during construction: Will require radio announcements in advance and diversion signs at all approaches See also a risk mitigation matrix presented in Section 13, for each segment.

The risk factors are listed in the first column from the left, in the order of the level of concern raised by affected persons.
See tabulated results from Las Vegas voting exercise in Table 9, ESIA.

The second column records the actual number of participants who identified the item listed in column as a risk factor.

The mitigation plan column presents the strategy for minimizing the risk probability and its impacts, while the objectives in the final column present the specific outputs and outcomes to be achieved from implementing the mitigation plan.
Mitigation strategies generally fall within the framework of compliance with the World Bank and Government of Dominica agreed Social Safeguards Mechanism (SSM) for projects implemented under the DVRP, these speak to the regulatory framework, transparency, predictability, and engagement of affected communities.

28 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan 8.
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND REPORTING Environmental monitoring can help determine if construction works are having an impact on the environment.

This can help assess the effectiveness of mitigation measures and provide early warning of pollution and other incidents so that corrective action can be taken.

Monitoring is an essential tool in relation to environmental management as it provides the impact control.
The monitoring basis for rational management decisions regarding programme for this project will be undertaken to check on whether mitigation and benefit enhancement measures have actually been adopted and are proving effective in practice; to provide a means whereby any unforeseen impacts can be identified; and to provide a basis for formulating appropriate additional impact control measures if these appear to be necessary.
There are two basic forms of environmental monitoring: - Compliance monitoring, which checks whether prescribed actions have been - carried out, usually by means of inspection and/or enquiries.

Effects monitoring, which records the consequences of activities on one or more environmental components, and usually involves physical measurement of selected parameters or the execution of surveys, to establish the nature and extent of induced changes.

A combination of these will be used for this project.
Compliance monitoring is usually given more emphasis in building construction projects because the majority of impact controls take the form of environmental protection measures incorporated in the design and contract documents, and the extent to which these are complied with by the contractor(s) plays a major part in determining the overall environmental performance of the project.

Compliance monitoring affords the opportunity for a rapid response to construction impacts.
Effects monitoring will be undertaken in relation to water quality impacts, and will continue beyond the construction phase to facilitate the evaluation of medium-term impacts on the aquatic and marine environments.

8.1.

DAY-TO-DAY MONITORING AND REPORTING Day-to-day environmental monitoring will be undertaken by a suitably qualified member of the Supervising Consultant’s staff.
The work of this Environmental Manager will comprise systematic observation of all site activities, as a check that the requirements relating to environmental matters are being complied with as per the environmental conditions and specifications, and that no unforeseen impacts are occurring.

Monitoring will, for the most part, take the form of visual observations.

Instrumental monitoring will be carried out only for the monitoring of noise and water quality by suitably qualified persons.
Site inspections will place an emphasis on early identification of any environmental problems and the initiation of suitable remedial action through communications to contractors.

Where remedial actions have been required, further checks will need to be made to ensure that these are actually being implemented to the agreed schedule and in the required form.

As experience of the principal problem areas is gained, attention will be concentrated on activities which are known to be the most troublesome.
RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 29 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan The Supervisor’s Environmental Manager will report to his/her Project Manager on a daily basis, using conventional report forms whose coverage will be extended to include key environmental matters.

The Project Manager will decide on the appropriate course of action to be taken in cases where unsatisfactory reports are received from the Environmental Manager regarding environmental matters.
In the case of relatively minor matters, verbal interaction with the Contractor on the need for remedial action may suffice.

In all serious cases the Project Manager has the responsibility to order a stop to any aspect of the works in the event where serious environmental damage or public nuisance/safety hazard is either imminent or has already been caused.
Weekly reports prepared by the Environmental Manager for the Project Manager will summarise the results of the daily site monitoring, remedial actions which have been initiated, and whether or not the resultant action is having the desired result.

The reports will also identify any unforeseen environmental problems and will recommend suitable additional actions.

8.2.
8.2.

MONITORING BY CLIENT AND LINE AGENCIES The Client represented by the PCU will intermittently inspect to ascertain whether the contractor is in compliance with approved documents.

Any agencies may also carry out monitoring and investigation of matters arising from complaints by the public, in connection with implementation of any of the project components, concerning matters which fall under its jurisdiction.
All relevant agencies including utility companies and emergency response agencies should be given 1 month’s notice of the intended date of commencement of construction so that they can make the necessary arrangements for commencement of their monitoring.

As earlier recommended, a PMC comprising representatives of key line agencies is recommended to be established.

This should be chaired by the DVRP office.

8.3.

PROGRESS MEETINGS AND MONTHLY REPORTS The project management team will meet fortnightly.
The Environmental Manager should be in attendance.

The fortnightly progress meetings shall include an agenda item which specifically covers environmental matters.

Since environmental matters will probably, under normal circumstances, form a relatively small part of the overall business to be discussed at such meetings, it is also recommended that environmental matters should be the first item on the meeting agenda.
Environmental issues will be specifically addressed and reported against in Progress Meetings and Monthly Reports.

The monthly report will include a section on environmental monitoring.

This may be circulated by the Client agency to key line agencies (or PMC members).

Such agencies shall include Ministry of Public Works and may include Fisheries Division, Forestry, Wildlife and Parks Division Environmental Health, Environmental Coordinating Unit and the Labour Department.
The monthly report will also alert monitoring authorities to upcoming site activities that they have a responsibility to monitor.

30 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan 9.

SOCIAL ACTION PLAN A common thread across segments in the Mitigation Plan above, is the need for continued engagement with affected persons before and during construction.
Also, recurring mitigation functions relate to engagement, coordinating, monitoring, so that while the action plan presents these activities by road segment, a consolidated communication plan which addresses the entire project could result in cost cutting and time saving synergies.

The budget, which is consolidated for all segments, is presented in the next section.
It is also recommended that all before activities be completed by end of May 2019 as those would have implications for timelines to be included in the TORs for the construction contract.

The budgetary estimates, particularly in respect of land acquisition and compensation, are preliminary, based on the information available at the time of writing.

The framework for managing implementation of the strategy below is developed to achieve the specific objectives of the mitigation plan.
Considerations for maximising and sustaining projected benefits after construction of the road segments (operational phase) are also presented.

(See Action Plan Matrix in Section 14).

The intention is that this management framework serve as a tool for monitoring project implementation for:  compliance with the World Bank’s Social Safeguards and related guidelines of the Government of Dominica, prior to and during construction  Social Impact outcomes during operation of the road segments.
Column one presents the objectives from the risk mitigation plan, while column two presents the core indicators.

Column four - Targets - presents the performance targets which will be set against the indicators, while column three - Baseline - presents the baseline qualitative and quantitative performance status to inform setting of targets in column four.

Column five lists Strategic Initiatives to be undertaken towards achieving the targets set.
Columns six, seven and eight answer the important questions of when will implementation of the strategy will be completed, who will lead implementation of strategy and the resources required – manpower, financial etc.

for implementation.

Column nine Verification Sources is very important, as it points to records from which evidence of implementation/compliance can be crosschecked.
Column ten provides the status of implementation which requires comprehensive reports and record keeping on implementation activities relating to compliance with the agreed safeguards.

Status can be indicated as follows: N=not started, S=started, WA=well advanced, C=completed.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 31 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan 10.
COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN IMPLEMENTATION Marginal costs to the contractor in complying with environmental protection clauses in the contract, including its approved environmental plans, will be incorporated in unit rates and bill items, and will thus be included in the bid prices.
Generally, compliance with environmental protection clauses merely requires the contractor to behave in a responsible manner in relation to the environment, in accordance with good international construction practice.

Table10.1 identifies specific actions that should be stipulated in the BOQ to support environmental management in compliance with Environmental Management Plan recommendations.
Implementation of bioengineering measures is included as a provisional sum in the contract BOQ and implemented in collaboration with the Department of Forestry.

Table 10.1.
EMP Implementation Costs incurred by Contractor EMP Activity incurring cost Responsibility Spoil disposal site preparation and management Parking arrangements for communities affected by road closures Contractor Contractor Traffic safety provisions Contractor Provision of security, shuttle service during road closures (mostly in Segment 3) Bioengineering costs (excluding capacity building requirements)1  Nursery   Maintenance for 1 year Implementation Contractor Contractor (provisional sum) Environmental management and monitoring carried out by the Supervising Consultant’s staff should be an integral part of construction supervision duties and will be covered by the construction supervision budget.
A full time Environmental Manager is expected to be part of the Supervisor’s team.

Additional costs are considered to be incurred only for water quality and noise monitoring recommended.

Costs of the recommended PMC operation are expected to be met by ongoing agency recurrent costs.

As expected, the main social budget item will be the allocation for compensation in respect of involuntary resettlement and land acquisition.
Table 10.2 identifies key activities captured in the Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan (ARAP), which would require consideration within the budget and responsible party for resource allocation..

Provisions have been 1 For breakdown by segment, refer to Annex 4 in Appendix 4, Bioengineering recommendations.
32 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan included to finance communication plans during the construction works, a dust reduction strategy and actions geared towards mitigating potential negative aspects of worker influx as well as facilitating potential benefits of worker importation.

Table 10.2.
Activity/Budget Item for Implementing Social Mitigation Plan Activity/Budget Item Government of Dominica Contractor Resettlement & Land Acquisition Communication Plan - Newspaper Ads - Radio Announcements Ministry of Housing & Lands Planning Meetings for Vendor Relocation & Tourism Impact Assessment, Kalinago Territory DVRP Restoration of flora: - - Site Grading Training in landscaping Planning Committee Meetings for restoration of flora, segments 2 & 3 DVRP Dust Reduction Strategy - - Provision of Masks Road Wetting Potential Labour Influx or Importation Min.
of Health & DVRP for Bureau of Standards, Min.
of Health, DHTA Public Education Campaign - - Development of Workplace protocols - Development standards of accommodation and food service Bus Relay Services, Segment 3 Assumptions to budget: X X X X RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 33 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan 1) Radio announcements: 5 days per month x 12 months 2) Newspaper ads: 12 months 3) Kalinago Planning meetings for vendor relocation and tourism planning: 3 meetings 4) Potential labour importation/influx: Preparation of materials for public education campaign Consultations on standards development and training for accommodation and food service 5) Road wetting: 6 days X 4 road segments X 4 hours per day 34 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan 11.
ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION PLANS The following are identified in the following tables, for the impacts determined to be significant during one or more activities planned for these works: Significant adverse environmental impacts.

 Project action or activity possibly resulting in adverse impacts.

  Mitigation measures recommended.

This often refers the reader to one or more separate documents containing best practice recommendations.
These are Best Practices to be applied by Contractors (Appendix 1 to this ESMP); Temporary Traffic Management Plan (Appendix 2 to this ESMP); and Preliminary Occupational Health and Safety (OSH) Plan (Appendix 3 to this ESMP).

In some instances, it is further noted that the Social Impact Assessment and the Social Engagement Plan may also address mitigation of such impacts.

 Responsibility for mitigation measures identified, and the recommended timing and frequency of such measures.
 Residual impacts, recognizing that even with mitigation, adverse impacts are still possible, and implementation of a recommended measure may itself give rise to undesirable impacts.

 Costs (US$) of implementation of recommended mitigation measures.

Generally, measures recommended are deemed best practice and are expected of the parties identified, in which case a zero cost is assigned.

In Tables 11.1 and 11.2, mitigation measures are provided for the construction and operations phases respectively.
RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 35 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan 11.1.

CONSTRUCTION PHASE MITIGATION The mitigation plan for the construction phase impacts is provided in table 11.1 below.
Table 11.1 Construction Phase Environmental Management Plan Project action or activity Significant adverse environmental impacts Mitigation measures recommended Responsibility (Timing and frequency) Residual impacts Costs (US$) Activities construction include: generating waste Waste material generated, that must be disposed of.

1. clearing of the new road width, 2. cutting of slopes road for widening, scarification of existing road surface, 3.

4. demolition of structures (bridges, culverts).


If waste managed, generate: is improperly will it  dust  impacting road users and communities sediment affecting downstream water quality with implications for ecological systems aesthetics and  Mud on roadways, Refer 1.

Minimise quantum of waste material generated through careful planning of the works.

to to minimize measures depletion natural of resources in Best Practices to by Contractors (Appendix 1 to this ESMP).

applied be 2.
applied be 2.

Apply recommendations for Mitigation of Noise and Dust Risk provided in Best Practices to be applied by Contractors (Appendix 1 to this ESMP).

3.

Separate wastes so that they may be optimally used.

4.

Utilise waste material Some waste will still have to be disposed of at the landfill.
Designers, for works design, specifications and BOQ (design phase) Client, for approval of appropriate spoil disposal sites (prior to bidding) of Owners proposed disposal sites, for approval of site use and guidance on intended after use (prior to bidding) Contractor, for:  incorporation of recommendations into work plan and costings (bid preparation)  disposal as Client: negotiate with disposal site owners, offering site improved for conditions permission to dispose.
None of these sites are in use, so there is no loss of use.

There is a net benefit if site is managed appropriately.

$0.

Contractor: spoil site preparation (drainage, slope stability, access, controls, mud safety measures 36 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Costs (US$) for workers and and public) proper placement: varies with site.

Estimate per site.
Estimate per site.

Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Project action or activity Significant adverse environmental impacts Mitigation measures recommended Responsibility (Timing and frequency) Residual impacts traffic and affecting safety inconveniencing users slope issues disposal site(s)  compromised stability the at  future utility of the disposal site(s).
If large quantities of waste are disposed of at the landfill, it reduces landfill life.

approved implementation of recommendations (through construction) for monitoring Supervisor, compliance of Contractor implementation during (continuous through construction) Environmental Health and Solid Waste Management Corporation, for monitoring in accordance with their legislation (intermittently through construction, and of in investigation to complaints them by PCU).
referred generated within the site to the extent possible, e.g.

 a.

Balance cut and fill extent the to possible, in accordance with material specifications proposed use.

topsoil landscaping, felled bioengineering.

for and for b.

Use trees for c. Use d. e. works from slash vegetation removal for erosion control.

Incorporate waste demolition as into appropriate e.g.

bridge and culvert concrete rubble into gabion baskets.

Incorporate existing asphalt (milled) surfacing into new asphalt.
RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 37 5.

Make excess topsoil Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Project action or activity Significant adverse environmental impacts Mitigation measures recommended Responsibility (Timing and frequency) Residual impacts Costs (US$) available to farmers and householders.

scrap interested metal 6.

Make 7. available to recyclers.

Identify spoil disposal sites from that may benefit placement of select spoil from the project e.g.
as cover at a landfill site; remediation at the tarish pit; raising of community lands that in a way facilitates future community use.

8.

Dispose of waste only at Client-approved sites.

9.

Utilise waste as cover material at landfill sites.

1.

Properly manage sites spoil (slope disposal stability, drainage, preparation for after-use, closure upon completion) in with accordance recommendations in Best Practices to be applied by Contractors (Appendix 1 to Institute this ESMP).
38 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Project action or activity Significant adverse environmental impacts Mitigation measures recommended Responsibility (Timing and frequency) Residual impacts Costs (US$) recommendations in Best Practices to be applied by Contractors (Appendix 1 to this ESMP), for: a. clearing, and land earthworks slope stabilization b. mitigation measures construction water in for work course c. good practices for installation of small culverts 1.
Apply ESMP).

recommendations for Mitigation of Noise and Dust Risk provided in Best Practices to be applied by Contractors (Appendix 1 to this 2.

Apply recommendations for PPE for noise provided in the Preliminary Occupational Health and Safety (OSH) Plan (Appendix 3 to this ESMP).

2.

Participation in community There will still be some levels of noise and dust, but the impacts may be satisfactorily mitigated.

Contractor: This simply is application of best practice.

$0.
$0.

Supervisor: This is part of routine monitoring.

$0.

Contractor, for:   incorporation of recommendations into work plan and costings (bid preparation) implementation of recommendations (through construction) Supervisor, for monitoring compliance of Contractor Noise and dust affecting:  in sensitive ecosystems, particular breeding parrots in adjacent forest.
in  Communities, particular sensitive receptors such as schools, churches, health Activities noise and dust, such as: generating 1. equipment and vehicle operation vegetation clearing, cutting, placement, demolition existing structures, in slope fill of RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 39 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Project action or activity Significant adverse environmental impacts Mitigation measures recommended Responsibility (Timing and frequency) Residual impacts Costs (US$) meetings/consultations  nursing centres, homes, ecotourism sites.
Road users (pedestrian and and vehicular) workers.

materials /waste /equipment haulage, etc.

2. wind forces on 3. and exposed surfaces aggregate /spoil heaps, traffic (construction and road users) on exposed surfaces.

10.

Apply recommendations requirements for general for protection of the environment; mitigation of for pollution; construction in watercourses, provided in Best to be applied by Contractors (Appendix 1 to this ESMP).
Practices work and Activities causing water pollution, such as: Water pollution, resulting in: 1. leakage of fuels from and oils equipment.

2. accidental spills fuels, oils, or of cement products other chemicals.

Improper site wastewater and 3.

40 to and  damage aquatic marine ecosystems, such as mortality of fauna, eutrophication, etc.

Reduced downstream water quality and  during (continuous construction).
implementation through Ministry of Public Works and Environmental Health for monitoring in accordance legislation with their through (intermittently construction, in investigation of complaints referred to them by PCU).

and Contractor, for:   incorporation of recommendations into work plan and costings (bid preparation) implementation of recommendations (through construction) Supervisor, for monitoring compliance of Contractor implementation during Contractor: This simply is application of best practice.
$0.

Supervisor: This is part of routine monitoring.

$0.

Pollution impacts be should reduced to non-significant levels if recommende d mitigation measures are instituted.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Project action or activity Significant adverse environmental impacts Mitigation measures recommended Responsibility (Timing and frequency) Residual impacts Costs (US$) solid management.
waste These are most critical when works occur in close proximity to water courses, such as bridge and culvert construction works.

aesthetics.

 Health impacts on persons who come into contact with the water.

Watercourse altered by: flow Watercourse flow altered, affecting: 1. temporary diversions to facilitate works rivers and in ravines for construction or remediation of large bridges, culverts, and bank protection.

2.

Realignment of over roads   bank River stability.

Flood risk in the vicinity.


 Human land use adjacent to the river.

flora and fauna within the works footprint.

 (continuous construction).

through Fisheries Environmental Councils, Health, and Forestry, for monitoring in their accordance with legislation (intermittently through construction, and of in investigation to complaints them by PCU).

referred 1.
referred 1.

Preferentially schedule works in the rivers in the dry season when river flows are lower, and flooding of the works and adjacent properties is less likely.

2.

Apply recommendations for mitigation measures for in construction work watercourses, and for temporary installation of river crossings, provided in Best Practices to be applied by Contractors .
See also recommendation is SIA Contractor, for:   of incorporation recommendations into work plan and costings (bid preparation) implementation of recommendations (through construction) Supervisor, for monitoring compliance of Contractor implementation during through (continuous RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 41 Contractor: This simply is application of best practice.

$0.

Supervisor: This is routine part of monitoring.

$0.

be Impacts should reduced significantly recommende d mitigation measures are instituted.
if Residual impacts will be short term.

Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Project action or activity Significant adverse environmental impacts Mitigation measures recommended Responsibility (Timing and frequency) Residual impacts Costs (US$) relating to relocation.

construction).

watercourses.

3.

Construction of provisional bypass bridges to accommodate traffic bridge construction.
during Public Works, Emergency Management, Councils, Fisheries and Forestry, for monitoring in accordance legislation their with through (intermittently construction, in investigation of complaints referred to them by PCU).

and Contractor, for:   incorporation of recommendations into work plan and costings (bid preparation) implementation of recommendations (through construction) for monitoring Supervisor, compliance of Contractor implementation during (continuous through construction).
Contractor: This simply is of application best practice.

$0.

Supervisor: This is part of routine monitoring.

$0.

be Erosion and sedimentation impacts should reduced significantly recommende d mitigation measures are instituted.

if Erosion and sedimentation from the forces of water on areas directly affected by: Erosion and sedimentation, impacting:  water quality  aesthetics (river 2.
Institute recommendations in Best Practices to be applied by Contractors (Appendix 1 to this ESMP), for: 1. vegetation and topsoil removal.

2.

Earthworks (cut and fill).

roadworks.

3.

4. bridge culvert construction.
and  and sea) recreational water use  aquatic marine ecosystems and d. clearing, and land earthworks slope stabilization e. mitigation measures construction water in for work course f. good practices for installation of small culverts 42 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Project action or activity Significant adverse environmental impacts Mitigation measures recommended Responsibility (Timing and frequency) Residual impacts Costs (US$) instability during Slope construction from: Slope construction impacting: instability during 1. land clearing and earthworks.
2. construction on river steep banks.

3. quarrying.

4. spoil disposal.

 worker safety  public safety  access via road network  adjacent assets resources the and (e.g.

watercourses) Councils, Fisheries and Forestry, for monitoring in accordance with their legislation (intermittently through construction, and of investigation in complaints to them by PCU).
referred Designers, for works design, specifications and BOQ (design phase) Client/quarry owner, for development of quarry masterplan as outlined in EIA Section 7.4.2 (prior to bidding) Contractor, for:   incorporation of recommendations into work plan and (bid costings preparation) implementation of recommendations (through be Slope instability concerns should reduced significantly recommende d mitigation measures are instituted.

if Contractor: This simply is application of best practice.

$0.
$0.

Supervisor: This is part of routine monitoring.

$0.

capacity See building recommendatio ns for additional information relating bioengineering works.

to 1.

Institute recommendations Preliminary in Occupational Health and Safety Plan (OSH) (Appendix 3 to this ESMP) and Best Practices to be applied by Contractors (Appendix 1 to this ESMP), for: a. clearing, and land earthworks slope stabilization b. mitigation measures spoil disposal for sites 2.
Develop a masterplan for the Bois operation of Diable Tarish pit.
RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 43 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Project action or activity Significant adverse environmental impacts Mitigation measures recommended Responsibility (Timing and frequency) Residual impacts Costs (US$) construction) Supervisor, for monitoring compliance of Contractor implementation during (continuous through construction) Client, for:    of Identification suitable temporary parking areas for residents affected road closures by to works (prior commencement in affected areas) negotiation with bus relevant associations and individuals to accommodate alternate requirements during closures support in implementation of road Temporary traffic management plan implementatio n should result in a significant reduction in delays due to roadworks.
1.

Where road closures are unavoidable due to scope of work and site space constraints, and alternate routes are not available (this is possible on Segment 1), the contractor will be required to: a.

Minimize the duration of road closures; b.

Facilitate safe passage during vehicles of periods that the site is inactive; c. collaborate with the in a public client awareness campaign, including timely Public Service Announcements will be part of (this the RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Client: $0k.
Contractor: Payment alternative parking: $.. for is of practice, the Although temporary traffic management plan application best current standards applied upgrading.
Investment standard signage, illumination, lane require in Traffic delays and road closures, from: Traffic delays and road closures, impacting:   All users and from traversing road (vehicular pedestrian) originating or through the area Businesses operating in the including area sites eco-tourism patronized by cruise visitors  Access to areas via in junctions the vicinity of the works 1.

Works within the roadway.

2.

Works adjacent to the roadway that encroach on one or both lanes.

3.
3.

Works on the Calixte Bridge, with no diversion bridge installed.

Inappropriate contractor activity beyond the work site.

4.
44 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Project action or activity Significant adverse environmental impacts Mitigation measures recommended Responsibility (Timing and frequency) Residual impacts broader project communications plan); d. provide for continued safe pedestrian passage through the works; e. plan road closures outside of peak travel for community times to enable residents, passage of vehicles persons conveying traveling for work, school or personal business; f. arrange shuttle to persons on either side of the closure location, to their vehicles that in a are parked location provided through the Client, or to available public transportation; g. Arrange for security for parked vehicles owned by affected residents; public awareness (in campaign advance of implementation in affected areas).
Contractor, for:    incorporation of recommendations into work plan and costings (bid preparation) implementation of recommendations (through construction) financing of alternate parking arrangements (through provisional sum) a Supervisor, for monitoring compliance of Contractor implementation during (continuous through construction) RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 45 Costs (US$) delineation, fencing etc.

may be required.
may be required.

Items procured improve the quality of work of the contractor and may be reused on future jobs.

$ Bid.

Provision security, service road closures.

$.

of shuttle during Supervisor: This is part of routine monitoring.

$0.
$0.

Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Project action or activity Significant adverse environmental impacts Mitigation measures recommended Responsibility (Timing and frequency) Residual impacts Costs (US$) h. Client to arrange for of identification suitable parking areas for persons so affected temporary and for bus alterations routes.

to 3.

2.

Apply recommendations in Traffic Temporary the Management Plan.
Institute recommendations in Best Practices to be applied by Contractors (Appendix 1 to this ESMP), safety and for general convenience of the public.

4.

See also recommendation traffic relating to is SIA delays.

OSH impacts, resulting in worker lost work time, disability, chronic health issues, or death.

illness, OSH concerns works including: in all activities, 1. operation heavy equipment.

of 2.

Working in 1.


Comply in with recommendations the Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan (Appendix 3 to this ESMP).

2.

See recommendations in also, the Contractor, for:   incorporation of recommendations into work plan and costings (bid preparation) implementation of Accident risk is significantly reduced through implementatio n of the plan.

Contractor: This simply is of application best practice.

$0.

Supervisor: This is part of routine monitoring.

$0.
$0.

46 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Project action or activity Significant adverse environmental impacts Mitigation measures recommended Responsibility (Timing and frequency) Residual impacts Costs (US$) to proximity operating equipment, including asphalt plant.

3.

Working proximity road through works site.

in to traffic the in to 4.

Working proximity potentially unstable cut or fill.

5.

Exposure to noise and dust.


6.

Working at heights e.g.

on the bridges Public Health and Safety concerns, through: Public Health and Safety concerns, through: Practices Temporary Traffic Plan Management (Appendix 2 to this ESMP), and recommendations in Best to be applied by Contractors (Appendix 1 to this ESMP), for mitigation measures clearing, during slope earthworks stability; and Emergency procedures to be instituted.
land and recommendations (through construction) Supervisor, for monitoring compliance of Contractor implementation during (continuous through construction).

for Labour Department and Public Works routine inspections, handling of complaints to them by PCU, general public or workers.
referred Contractor, for:  of incorporation recommendations into work plan and costings (bid preparation) are Risks significantly reduced through implementatio n of the traffic management Contractor: This simply is application of best practice.

$0.

Supervisor: This is routine part of 1. noise, dust and equipment emissions nearby works from  air reduced the quality in vicinity of the works, affecting 2.

1.

Apply recommendations in Traffic Temporary the Management Plan.
Institute recommendations in Best Practices to be applied by Contractors (Appendix 1 to this ESMP), safety and for general RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 47 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Project action or activity Significant adverse environmental impacts Mitigation measures recommended  road users and land users nearby reduced safety of passage through the works for pedestrians and vehicles 2. reduced traffic and pedestrian through safety the works (reduced slope stability, operation of equipment on a road that continues to be in use) Landscape, terrestrial and marine ecologies affected by all works activities, in particular: 1. clearing of vegetation.
2.

Earthworks and roadworks that expose soils to erosion.

3.

Bridge and to finds, Damage chance aquatic ecologies by: landscape, terrestrial, and marine  of or to to loss damage habitat due vegetation removal and works within the watercourse; convenience of the public; Emergency and procedures to be instituted.

also, this recommendations table for: in 3.

See a. noise and dust b. slope instability 4.

See recommendations SIA.

also, the in 1.


Institute recommendations in Best Practices to be applied by Contractors (Appendix 1 to this ESMP), for: a.

General requirements protection of environment for the b. mitigation measures during land clearing, earthworks Responsibility (Timing and frequency) Residual impacts  implementation of recommendations (through construction) plan and other recommende d mitigation measures.

Costs (US$) monitoring.

$0.


Supervisor, for monitoring compliance of Contractor implementation during (continuous through construction).

Ministry of Public Works and for Environmental Health inspections, routine handing of complaints referred to them by PCU.
Contractor, for:   of incorporation recommendations into work plan and costings (bid preparation) implementation of recommendations (through construction) Supervisor, for monitoring are Risks significantly reduced through implementatio n the of recommende d mitigation measures.

Contractor: This simply is of application best practice.

$0.

Supervisor: This is part of routine monitoring.

$0.
$0.

48 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Project action or activity Significant adverse environmental impacts Mitigation measures recommended Responsibility (Timing and frequency) Residual impacts Costs (US$) culvert construction within watercourse.

4.

Dredging within the the watercourse.

5.

Equipment operation.

6.

Storage and use of cement and other chemicals on site.
   of loss or to damage chance finds of physical cultural resources; sedimentation from erosion of works area, spoil, and aggregate stockpiles; sediments mobilized dredging river works.

by and  Noise and dust from working equipment and exposed surfaces.

Pollution leaking equipment or accidental spills.

from  compliance of Contractor implementation during (continuous through construction).
Ministry of Public Works, Health, Environmental Fisheries and Forestry, for monitoring in accordance legislation with their through (intermittently construction, in investigation of complaints referred to them by PCU).

and and slope stability c. mitigation measures during construction work water in courses d. mitigation of noise and dust risks e. mitigation of pollution form solid, liquid waste and hazardous materials/wastes.
f. Good practice for installation of small culvert crossings g. Mitigation measures during installation of temporary river crossings.

h. Chance Find i. j.

Procedures.

Emergency procedures instituted.

Land acquisition process completed to be Services disrupted Service disruption, that 1.

Obtain available Designer, for: Risk of Contractor: This RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 49 Costs (US$) is simply of application best practice.

$0.

Supervisor: This is part of routine monitoring.

$0.
$0.

Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Project action or activity Significant adverse environmental impacts Mitigation measures recommended Responsibility (Timing and frequency) Residual impacts interruption of is service minimized but still possible.

affects routine household and business operations as well as emergency response capacity until services are reinstated by the responsible agency.
through: 1. excavation that activities affect buried services (water, irrigation), fire, undermine or utility poles supporting overhead services (power, communication ) 2.

Operation of equipment that affects overhead lines.

information on location of infrastructure, all particularly locations where existing infrastructure may be affected by road or other project works.
Inform relevant utility or other authorities when being works are in possibly undertaken sensitive locations, with notice period prescribed by the utility company, so that they may supervise as deemed necessary.

Take due care when operating in proximity to infrastructure.

relevant utility or Inform other authorities when works inadvertently damage existing services.

Include a provisional sum for of reinstatement infrastructure damaged beyond control of the contractor.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.
2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Finance reinstatement of   of on Provision available information existing infrastructure.

inclusion appropriate provisional sums in contract documentation, for reinstatement required.
possible of Contractor, for:   incorporation of recommendations into work plan and costings (bid preparation) implementation of recommendations (through construction) Supervisor, for monitoring compliance of Contractor implementation during through (continuous 50 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Project action or activity Significant adverse environmental impacts Mitigation measures recommended Responsibility (Timing and frequency) Residual impacts Costs (US$) damaged infrastructure to acceptable standards.
7.

Refer also in to relevant recommendations the Preliminary Occupational Health and Safety (OSH) Plan (Appendix 3 to this ESMP).

construction).

Utility companies (DOWASCO, DOMLEC, Fire Service, FLOW, Digicel) for and monitoring in reinstatement accordance with their legislation (intermittently through construction, and of investigation in complaints to them by PCU).

referred RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 51 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan 11.2.
OPERATIONS PHASE MITIGATION The EMP for the operations phase is provided in Table 8.2.

Impacts in the operations phase are generally similar to those for construction but are much lesser is scale.

The Ministry is expected to develop a Maintenance Programme for routine maintenance of the works.

It is assumed that major repairs will be contracted out, and the EMP required for such works would be similar to the construction phase EMP addressed in the previous subsection.
Table 11.2 Operations Phase Environmental Management Plan Project action or activity Significant environmental impacts adverse Mitigation recommended measures Responsibility (Timing and frequency) Residual impacts Costs (US$) Activities generating operations waste include: 1.

Maintenance of vegetated slopes (bioengineering).

5.

Maintenance of road verges.

6.

Debris removal from, and dredging of river channels.

7.

Maintenance of and drains culverts, comprising removal debris, of and 1.
Promptly remove wastes from the site, and dispose of it appropriately, at an approved location, and in that does not a way compromise drainage, water quality, aesthetics or slope stability.

Investigate and pursue opportunities for composting green waste.

of Ministry of Public Works or its contractors (in accordance with appropriate maintenance programme).

an or Forestry Division its contractors (in accordance with appropriate maintenance programme).

an Negligible if appropriate practices are instituted.
Ministry of Public Works: Integrated into Ministry’s recurrent costs for maintenance.

$0k capacity See building recommendations below for additional information.

Waste material generated, that must be disposed of.

If waste managed: is improperly  it may block drainage structures during rain events.

2.

 Generate sediment affecting downstream water quality.
Result in mud on roadways, affecting traffic  52 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Project action or activity Significant environmental impacts adverse Mitigation recommended measures Responsibility (Timing and frequency) Residual impacts Costs (US$) structural repairs.

8.

Maintenance of bridges.


generating Activities noise and dust, such as equipment and vehicle in vegetation operation /waste clearing, /equipment haulage, etc.

safety and inconveniencing road users  Contaminate adjacent waters pollutants with (e.g.

paint flakes from bridge railings) Noise and dust affecting:   in sensitive ecosystems, particular breeding parrots in adjacent forest.

Sensitive receptors communities such as schools, churches, health centres, nursing homes, ecotourism sites.

in 1.
in 1.

Apply recommendations for Mitigation of Noise and Dust Risk provided in Best Practices to be applied by Contractors (Appendix 1 to this ESMP).

2.

Apply the recommendations for PPE for noise provided in Preliminary Occupational Health and Safety Plan (OSH) (Appendix 3 to this ESMP).

Ministry of Public Works for implementation.

Negligible.

Environmental Health and Labour Division for monitoring their in accordance with legislation (intermittently and in of investigation complaints).
Ministry of Public Works: Integrated into Ministry’s recurrent for costs maintenance $0k Activities causing water pollution, such as: Water pollution, resulting in: 1.

Apply recommendations for general requirements the for protection of Ministry of Public Works for implementation.

Negligible.
Negligible.

Ministry of Public Works: RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 53 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Project action or activity Significant environmental impacts adverse Mitigation recommended measures Responsibility (Timing and frequency) Residual impacts Costs (US$) environment; mitigation of for pollution; construction in watercourses, provided in Best Practices to be applied by Contractors.
and work Environmental Forestry and Fisheries monitoring with their (intermittently investigation of complaints).

Health, for in accordance legislation in and Integrated into Ministry’s recurrent costs for maintenance $0k in of to and  damage aquatic marine ecosystems, resulting increased mortality fauna, eutrophication, etc.

Reduced downstream water and aesthetics.

 quality 1. leakage of fuels from and oils equipment.

2. accidental spills of oils, fuels, cement products or other chemicals.
Improper waste disposal.

Improper waste management.

solid solid 4.

3.

These are most critical when works occur in close proximity to water courses, such as bridge and culvert construction works.

Erosion and sedimentation from road repairs.

Erosion sedimentation, impacting: and 1.


 water quality  aesthetics (river and sea) recreational  Institute recommendations in Best Practices to be applied by Contractors (Appendix 1 to this ESMP), for: a. land earthworks slope stabilization clearing, and Ministry of Public Works for implementation.

Negligible.
Negligible.

Fisheries for monitoring with and Councils, in Forestry, accordance their legislation (intermittently and of investigation in Ministry of Public Works: Integrated into Ministry’s recurrent costs for maintenance $0k 54 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 measures Responsibility (Timing and frequency) complaints).
Residual impacts Costs (US$) Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Project action or activity Significant environmental impacts adverse Mitigation recommended water use  aquatic marine ecosystems and instability during Slope slope operations maintenance and repair.

from Slope impacting: instability 1.


 worker safety  public safety  access via road network the 2. b. mitigation measures construction water in for work course c. good practices for installation of small culverts Institute recommendations Bioengineering in for Recommendations, maintenance of bioengineered slopes.

Institute recommendations in Best Practices to be applied by Contractors (Appendix 1 to this ESMP) clearing, for earthworks and slope stabilization.
land delays Traffic maintenance within the roadway.

from works Traffic delays impacting:  All road users and (vehicular pedestrian) from originating or traversing through the area 2.

1.

Apply recommendations in the Temporary Traffic Management Plan.

Institute recommendations in Best Practices to be applied by Contractors (Appendix 1 to this ESMP), for general safety and RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 55 Forestry for implementation.

Negligible.
Negligible.

Forestry: Public Works for monitoring in accordance their legislation (intermittently and in of investigation complaints).

with into Integrated Ministry’s recurrent costs for maintenance $0k Ministry of Public Works, for: Negligible.

  implementation of public awareness (in of advance implementation in affected areas).
implementation of Ministry of Public Works: Integrated into Ministry’s recurrent costs for maintenance $0k Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Project action or activity Significant environmental impacts adverse Mitigation recommended measures Responsibility (Timing and frequency) Residual impacts Costs (US$)  Businesses operating in the affected area convenience public.

3.

See also recommendation relating to traffic is SIA delays.
of the recommendations Community Councils monitoring with their (intermittently investigation of complaints).

for in accordance legislation in and Ministry of Public Works, for implementation of recommendations Negligible.

for monitoring in Labour accordance their legislation (intermittently and of investigation in complaints).

with Ministry of Public Works: Integrated into Ministry’s recurrent costs for maintenance $0k OSH concerns in all works activities, including: 1.
Working in proximity to road traffic through the works site.

in to 2.

Working proximity potentially unstable cut or fill.

OSH impacts, resulting in worker time, lost work disability, chronic health issues, or death.

1.

Comply with recommendations in the Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan (Appendix 3 to this ESMP).

2.
2.

See in also, the recommendation Traffic Temporary Management Plan (Appendix 2 to this ESMP), and recommendations in Best Practices to be applied by Contractors (Appendix 1 to this ESMP), for mitigation measures clearing, during earthworks and slope stability.
land 56 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Project action or activity Significant environmental impacts adverse Mitigation recommended measures Responsibility (Timing and frequency) terrestrial Landscape, and marine ecologies affected by all works activities, in particular: 1.

Slope maintenance and repair.

and 2.

Bridge culvert maintenance within watercourse.

3.

Dredging within the watercourse.


the Forestry and Ministry of for Public implementation of recommendations.

Works, for monitoring with in Fisheries accordance their legislation (intermittently and in of investigation complaints).

to landscape, Damage terrestrial, aquatic and marine ecologies by:  sediments by mobilized dredging and river works, and landslides.

 Noise from chain  from saws.

Pollution leaking equipment or accidental spills.

1.
1.

Institute recommendations in Best Practices to be applied by Contractors (Appendix 1 to this ESMP), for: a.

General requirements protection of environment for the b. mitigation measures during land clearing, earthworks and slope stability c. mitigation measures during construction work water in courses d. mitigation of noise and dust risks e. mitigation of pollution from solid, liquid waste and hazardous materials/wastes.

Residual impacts Negligible.


Costs (US$) Ministry of Public Works: Integrated into Ministry’s recurrent for costs maintenance $0k Forestry: into Integrated Ministry’s recurrent costs for maintenance $0k RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 57 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan 12.

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLANS Quantitative assessments for noise and water quality are recommended.

Recommendations for water quality monitoring are provided in Section 9.1.
Tables 1.3 and 1.4 address overall monitoring requirements for the construction and operations phases respectively.

12.1.

RECOMMENDED WATER QUALITY MONITORING PROGRAMME Intermittent water quality monitoring should be performed in rivers 10 m downstream of bridge sites and in the sea, 10 m off the mouth of rivers draining the work site.
A baseline in both rainy and dry season should be established at each of these sites for the following parameters: Suspended solids Turbidity - - - pH - E. coli Samples should be taken monthly at these same locations where they are downstream of active worksites thereafter, and monthly for the 3 months following completion of construction in the affected area.

This monitoring programme should be implemented by the Supervisor.

Results should be analysed in Supervisor monthly reports to the Client.
Estimated costs of the water quality monitoring programme is US$/month.

12.2.

CONSTRUCTION PHASE MONITORING The monitoring plan for the construction phase impacts is provided in Table 9.1 below.

The first two columns simply summarise the contents of the first 2 columns in the construction mitigation plan in Table 8.1.

Assessments should be undertaken routinely during the construction phase of the project.
This allows for comparing real-time impacts with impacts foreseen during the planning and design process, and provides useful insights and feedback which allows for timely intervention in resolving any environmental problems resulting from unanticipated impacts.

The construction sites should continue to be monitored during the defects liability period to ensure the project is performing as intended, and to trigger any further mitigation interventions that may be necessary.
58 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Table 12.1 Construction Phase Monitoring Project activity action or Significant adverse environmental impacts Monitoring required Monitoring Responsibilities 1. clearing of the road new width, 2. cutting of slopes for road widening, scarification of existing road surface, 3.

4. demolition of structures (bridges, culverts).


Waste material generated, resulting in:  dust impacting road users and communities sediments downstream   Mud on  roadways slope issues disposal site(s)  compromised stability at future utility of disposal site(s).

 compromised landfill life.

1.


Undertake to review inspections contractor compliance with mitigation measures recommended, to: - Minimise volumes - - - Make Separate Utilise on site excess available to - interested users Identify disposal sites to benefit from spoil placement - Manage spoil disposal sites - Dispose only at approved sites.

- Use as cover at landfill.

2.


Conduct qualitative assessment of issues originating from waste stockpiles and disposal sites: - Ambient dust - Quantum of mud tracked onto - - roadways Slope stability and drainage performance at spoil disposal sites Sediment levels drainage and watercourses in adjacent 3.

Monitor landfill received from this project.

records of waste RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 4.


Monitor complaints register that Contractor management - Undertake daily inspections and submit daily reports to Project Manager.

- maintain complaints register.

Supervisor - - daily reports undertake daily inspections and submit to immediate supervisor.

Issue contractor addressed as required.

formal notification issues to to of - Monitor efficacy of contractor - - - remedial actions submit weekly reports to senior Client management representative.
Review complaints register.

Implement monitoring.

quality water and - Discuss and document issues and remedial actions agreed at progress meetings.

Report on status of compliance, issues and how they have been - 59 Monitoring Costs US$ Ballpark water quality monitoring program cost is provided in Section 9.1.

Other requirements are good practice, and are not considered as incurring any incremental cost.
Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Project activity action or adverse Significant environmental impacts Monitoring required Monitoring Responsibilities Monitoring Costs US$ documents complaints received and how they were responded to.

5.

Monitor efficacy of actions taken to 6. address issues observed.

Implement water quality monitoring programme as outlined in Section 9.1.

7.
7.

Mobilise line agencies to monitor in statutory their accordance with responsibilities.

8.

Ensure post-works monitoring occurs, to ensure mitigation actions are well established and stable.

1. equipment and operation vehicle 2. exposed surfaces and aggregate /spoil heaps, traffic exposed surfaces.

on 3.

Noise affecting: and dust  sensitive ecosystems  Communities, particular in sensitive receptors Road users and workers.

1.
1.

Undertake to review inspections contractor compliance with mitigation in Best recommended measures Practices by be to Contractors (Appendix 1 to this ESMP) and Preliminary Occupational Health and Safety (OSH) Plan (Appendix 3 to this ESMP), to: - Minimise dust - Minimize noise applied 2.

Conduct qualitative assessment of addressed in monthly reports to Client.

Client - Conduct intermittent site visits.

- reports from Review monthly Supervisor.

Participate meetings.


in - progress - Mobilize line agencies monitor issues as required.

to Line agencies Waste, Environmental Health, Councils) (Public Works, Solid - Monitor areas within their mandate, during and post- construction.
Contractor management - Undertake daily inspections and submit daily reports to Project Manager - maintain complaints register Supervisor - undertake daily inspections and submit to immediate supervisor reports daily Most of this is good practice, and is not considered as incurring any incremental cost.

$0.
$0.

Monitoring of levels noise 60 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Project activity action or adverse Significant environmental impacts Monitoring required Monitoring Responsibilities noise level affecting: - - Protected forest areas in Sensitive communities schools, churches, health centres, nursing homes) receptors (e.g.

3.
3.

Conduct qualitative assessment of dust levels near sensitive receptors in communities churches, health centres, nursing homes) (schools, 4.

Monitor complaints that documents complaints received and how they were responded to.

register 6.

5.

Monitor efficacy of remedial actions taken to address issues observed.

Intermittently monitor noise levels on the worksite and at sensitive receptors to ensure they are within acceptable limits.

7.
7.

Mobilise line agencies to monitor in statutory their accordance with responsibilities.

- formal notification Issue contractor addressed as required of issues to to - Monitor efficacy of contractor - - - Monitor noise remedial actions submit weekly reports to senior Client management representative Review complaints register and levels weekly when works are in protected areas and sensitive receptors; weekly within works site.
near - Discuss and document issues and remedial actions agreed at progress meetings.

Report on status of compliance, issues and how they have been addressed in monthly reports to Client.

- Client RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 61 - Conduct intermittent site visits - reports from Review monthly Supervisor Participate in progress meetings to line agencies - - Mobilize Monitoring Costs US$ requires deployment of noise meters, and training in use of equipment and assessment of results.
Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Project activity action or adverse Significant environmental impacts Monitoring required Monitoring Responsibilities Monitoring Costs US$ monitor issues as required 1.

Equipment leakage.

2. accidental 3. spills.

Improper solid waste and wastewater management.

Water resulting in: pollution,   damaged and In aquatic marine ecosystems, Reduced water quality and aesthetics.

1.
1.

Undertake to review inspections contractor compliance with mitigation in Best recommended measures by be to Practices Contractors (Appendix 1 to this ESMP) to minimise water pollution applied 2.

Monitor sites and adjacent water bodies for evidence of: - Oil spills or leaks - Cement product spills - - - - Implement water quality monitoring programme as outlined in Section 9.1.

Poor solid waste management Poor wastewater management Eutrophication Fish or other fauna kills 3.

4.
4.

Monitor complaints that documents complaints received and how they were responded to.

register 5.

Mobilise line agencies to monitor in statutory their accordance with responsibilities.

Line Environmental Health) agencies (Public Works, - Monitor areas within their mandate during construction.

Contractor management - Undertake daily inspections and submit daily reports to Project Manager.

- maintain complaints register.


Supervisor - - daily reports undertake daily inspections and submit to immediate supervisor.

Issue contractor addressed as required.

formal notification issues to to of - Monitor efficacy of contractor - - - remedial actions.

submit weekly reports to senior management Client representative.

Review complaints register.

Implement monitoring.

quality water and Ballpark water quality monitoring program cost is provided in Section 9.1.
Other requirements are good practice, and not are considered as incurring any incremental cost.

62 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Project activity action or adverse Significant environmental impacts Monitoring required Monitoring Responsibilities Monitoring Costs US$ 6.

Monitor efficacy of remedial actions taken to address issues observed.

7.
7.

Ensure post-works monitoring occurs, to ensure mitigation actions are well established and stable.

- Discuss and document issues and remedial actions agreed at progress meetings.

Report on status of compliance, issues and how they have been addressed in monthly reports to Client.

- Client - Conduct intermittent site visits.

- reports from Review monthly Supervisor.

Participate meetings.

in - progress 1.

Watercourse temporary diversions.

2.


Road realignment Watercourse altered, affecting: flow   bank River stability.

Flood risk.

1.

Undertake to review inspections contractor compliance with mitigation in Best recommended measures Practices by be to Contractors (Appendix 1 to this ESMP) to minimise water pollution and in SIA applied - Mobilize line agencies monitor issues as required.
to Line agencies (Forestry, Fisheries, Public Works, Environmental Health) - Monitor areas within their mandate, during and post- construction.

Contractor management - Undertake daily inspections and submit daily reports to Project Manager.
Requirements are good practice, and are not considered as RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 63 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Project activity action or adverse Significant environmental impacts Monitoring required Monitoring Responsibilities over watercourses.

3.

Construction of provisional bypass bridges.

 Adjacent land relating to relocation.

- maintain complaints register.

 use.

Flora and fauna in works footprint.

2.


Monitor sites and adjacent water River bank instability bodies for evidence of: - - Adverse effects on flora in vicinity - - Fish or other fauna kills Unusual flooding 3.

Mobilise line agencies to monitor in statutory their accordance with responsibilities.

Supervisor - - daily reports undertake daily inspections and submit to immediate supervisor.

Issue contractor addressed as required.


formal notification issues to to of - Monitor efficacy of contractor Monitoring Costs US$ incurring any incremental cost.

4.

Monitor efficacy of remedial actions taken to address issues observed.

5.

Ensure post-works monitoring occurs, to ensure mitigation actions are well established and stable.

- - - remedial actions.

submit weekly reports to senior management Client representative.

Review complaints register.

Implement monitoring.


quality water and - Discuss and document issues and remedial actions agreed at progress meetings.

Report on status of compliance, issues and how they have been addressed in monthly reports to Client.

- Client 64 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 - Conduct intermittent site visits.

- reports from Review monthly Supervisor.


Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Project activity action or adverse Significant environmental impacts Monitoring required Monitoring Responsibilities Monitoring Costs US$ 1. vegetation and removal.

topsoil 2.

Earthworks (cut and fill).

roadworks.

3.

4. bridge culvert construction.


and Erosion sedimentation, impacting: and  water quality  aesthetics  recreational use  aquatic marine ecosystems and to applied 1.

Undertake review inspections contractor compliance with mitigation in Best recommended measures Practices by be to Contractors (Appendix 1 to this ESMP) to minimise erosion and sedimentation 2.

Conduct qualitative assessment of issues erosion and sedimentation originating from listed activities.
register that documents complaints received and how they were responded to.

3.

Monitor complaints 4.

Monitor efficacy of actions taken to 5. address issues observed.

Implement water quality monitoring programme as outlined in Section 9.1.

6.

Mobilise line agencies to monitor in statutory accordance with their RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 - Participate meetings.

in progress - Mobilize line agencies monitor issues as required.
to Line agencies (Public Works, Forestry, Emergency Management, Councils) - Monitor areas within their mandate, during and post- construction.

Contractor management - Undertake daily inspections and submit daily reports to Project Manager.

- maintain complaints register.

Supervisor - - daily reports undertake daily inspections and submit to immediate supervisor.

Issue contractor addressed as required.


formal notification issues to to of - Monitor efficacy of contractor remedial actions submit weekly reports to senior Client management and - 65 Ballpark water quality monitoring program cost is provided in Section 9.1.

Other requirements are good practice and are not considered as incurring any incremental cost.
Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Project activity action or adverse Significant environmental impacts Monitoring required Monitoring Responsibilities Monitoring Costs US$ responsibilities.

7.

Ensure post-works monitoring occurs, to ensure mitigation actions are well established and stable.

- - representative.

Review complaints register.

Implement monitoring.


water quality - Discuss and document issues and remedial actions agreed at progress meetings.

Report on status of compliance, issues and how they have been addressed in monthly reports to Client.

- Client - Conduct intermittent site visits.

- reports from Review monthly Supervisor.

Participate meetings.

in - progress - Mobilize line agencies monitor issues as required.
to Line agencies Councils) (Fisheries, Forestry, - Monitor areas within their mandate, during and post- 66 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Project activity action or adverse Significant environmental impacts Monitoring required Monitoring Responsibilities 1. land clearing and earthworks.

2. construction on river steep banks.

3.

Quarrying.

4. spoil disposal.


Slope impacting: instability  worker safety  public safety  access via the road network  adjacent resources 3.

Undertake to applied review inspections contractor compliance with mitigation in Best recommended measures by be to Practices Contractors (Appendix 1 to this ESMP), for: - land clearing, earthworks and slope stabilization - spoil disposal sites - quarry site(s) - work in rivers 4.
Monitor implementation recommendations (recommended) masterplan operation of the Bois Diable Tarish pit.

in of the for 5.

Conduct qualitative assessment of issues concerns slope originating from listed works.

stability 6.

Monitor complaints that documents complaints received and how they were responded to.

register 7.

Monitor efficacy of actions taken to address issues observed.

8.

Mobilise line agencies to monitor in statutory their accordance with responsibilities.
RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 construction.

Contractor management - Undertake daily inspections and submit daily reports to Project Manager.

- maintain complaints register.

Supervisor - - daily reports undertake daily inspections and submit to immediate supervisor.

Issue issues contractor of addressed as required.

formal notification to to be - Monitor efficacy of contractor - - - remedial actions submit weekly reports to senior management Client representative.

Review complaints register.


Implement monitoring.

quality water and - Discuss and document issues and remedial actions agreed at progress meetings.

Report on status of compliance, - 67 Monitoring Costs US$ Requirements are good practice, and not are considered as incurring any incremental cost.
Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Project activity action or adverse Significant environmental impacts Monitoring required Monitoring Responsibilities Monitoring Costs US$ 9.

Ensure post-works monitoring occurs, to ensure mitigation actions are well established and stable.

issues and how they have been addressed in monthly reports to Client.

Client - Conduct intermittent site visits.

- reports from Review monthly Supervisor.


Participate meetings.

in - progress 1.

Road works within the road reserve 2.

Bridge 3. rehabilitation Inappropriate contractor activity Traffic delays and road closures, impacting:  All road users  Businesses the area in  Use of junctions off the works 1.

Undertake to recommended review inspections contractor compliance with mitigation measures in Temporary Traffic Management Plan, Best Practices to be applied by Contractors (Appendix 1 to this ESMP), SIA.
2.

Conduct qualitative assessment of traffic and access issues as a result of - Mobilize line agencies monitor issues as required.

to Line agencies (Public Works, Labour, Emergency Management, Forestry, Councils) - Monitor areas within their mandate, during and post- construction as appropriate.

Contractor management - Undertake daily inspections and submit daily reports to Project Manager.

- maintain complaints register.


Supervisor - undertake daily inspections and Requirements are good practice, and not are considered as incurring any incremental cost.

68 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Project activity action or adverse Significant environmental impacts Monitoring required Monitoring Responsibilities beyond work site.

the the works.

3.
the the works.

3.

Monitor complaints that documents complaints received and how they were responded to.

register 4.

Monitor efficacy of actions taken to - reports daily submit immediate supervisor.

Issue contractor addressed as required.

of formal notification issues Monitoring Costs US$ to to to address issues observed.

- Monitor efficacy of contractor 5.

Mobilise line agencies to monitor in statutory their accordance with responsibilities.
- remedial actions submit weekly reports to senior management Client representative.

Review complaints register.

and - - Discuss and document issues and remedial actions agreed at progress meetings.

Report on status of compliance, issues and how they have been addressed in monthly reports to Client.

- Client RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 69 - Mobilize line agencies monitor issues as required.

to Line agencies (Public Works, Councils) - Conduct intermittent site visits.

- reports from Review monthly Supervisor.


Participate meetings.

in - progress Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Project activity action or adverse Significant environmental impacts Monitoring required Monitoring Responsibilities OSH impacts, resulting in worker lost work time, disability, illness, chronic health issues, or death.

1. operation heavy equipment.

2.

Labour proximity operating equipment.

3.

Labour proximity road traffic.

4.


Work proximity earthworks.

of in to in to in to in to 1.

Undertake recommended review inspections contractor compliance with mitigation measures his approved Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan (Appendix 3 to this ESMP), approved Traffic Management Plan (Appendix 2 to this ESMP), and Practices to be applied by Best Contractors (Appendix 1 to this ESMP).

2.

Conduct qualitative assessment of OSH issues on the works.

3.
3.

Monitor efficacy of actions taken to address issues observed.

4.

Mobilise line agencies to monitor in statutory their accordance with responsibilities.

- Monitor areas within their mandate during construction.

Contractor management - Undertake daily inspections and submit daily reports to Project Manager.

Supervisor - - daily reports undertake daily inspections and submit to immediate supervisor.

Issue contractor addressed as required.


formal notification issues to to of - Monitor efficacy of contractor - remedial actions submit weekly reports to senior Client management representative.

and Monitoring Costs US$ Requirements are good practice, and not are considered as incurring any incremental cost.

- 70 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 - Discuss and document issues and remedial actions agreed at progress meetings.
Report on status of compliance, issues and how they have been addressed in monthly reports to Client.

Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Project activity action or adverse Significant environmental impacts Monitoring required Monitoring Responsibilities Monitoring Costs US$ Client - Conduct intermittent site visits.

- reports from Review monthly Supervisor.

Participate meetings.


in - progress 3. noise, dust and equipment emissions reduced public safety through the works 4.

Public Safety through: Health and concerns,   in air reduced quality the vicinity of the works, affecting road users and land users nearby reduced safety the through for works RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 1.
Undertake in to review inspections contractor compliance with mitigation measures his recommended approved Traffic Management Plan and Best Practices to be applied by Contractors (Appendix 1 to this ESMP), the SIA, as well as other mitigation recommendations the previous Section 9.1. in 2.

Conduct qualitative assessment of public health and safety issues on the works.

3.

Monitor complaints that documents complaints received and register - Mobilize line agencies monitor issues as required.
to Line agencies (Public Works, Labour) Monitor areas within their mandate, during construction.

Contractor management - Undertake daily inspections and submit daily reports to Project Manager.

- maintain complaints register.

Supervisor daily reports undertake daily inspections and submit to immediate supervisor.

Issue contractor addressed as required.

formal notification issues to to of - - 71 Requirements are good practice, and not are considered as incurring any incremental cost.
Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Project activity action or adverse Significant environmental impacts Monitoring required Monitoring Responsibilities Monitoring Costs US$ pedestrians and vehicles how they were responded to.

4.

Monitor efficacy of actions taken to address issues observed.

5.

Mobilise line agencies to monitor in statutory their accordance with responsibilities.

- monitor complaints register.


- Monitor efficacy of contractor - remedial actions submit weekly reports to senior management Client representative.

and - Discuss and document issues and remedial actions agreed at progress meetings.

Report on status of compliance, issues and how they have been addressed in monthly reports to Client.

- Client - Conduct intermittent site visits.

- reports from Review monthly Supervisor.

Participate meetings.


in - progress 72 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 - Monitor areas within their mandate, during construction.

- Mobilize line agencies monitor issues as required.
to Line Environmental Health, Councils) agencies (Public Works, Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Project activity action or adverse Significant environmental impacts Monitoring required Monitoring Responsibilities Damage to landscape, terrestrial, aquatic and marine ecologies by:  loss of habitat  sediment  Noise and dust  Pollution 1. clearing of vegetation.

2.

Erosion of earthworks and roadworks.

3.

Construction within watercourse.


the 4.

Dredging within watercourse.

the 5.

Equipment operation.

6.

Storage and use of cement and other chemicals.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 to 1.

Undertake review inspections contractor compliance with mitigation in Best recommended measures Practices by be to Contractors (Appendix 1 to this ESMP).

2.

Conduct qualitative assessment of ecological issues originating from listed activities.

applied 3.
applied 3.

Monitor complaints that documents complaints received and how they were responded to.

register 4.

Monitor efficacy of actions taken to 5. address issues observed.

Implement water quality monitoring in Section programme as outlined 9.2.1.

6.

Mobilise line agencies to monitor in statutory their accordance with responsibilities.

7.

Ensure post-works monitoring occurs, to ensure mitigation actions are well established and stable.

8.
8.

Ensure land acquisition process is complete or agreement for use of to ensure no land unauthorized damage to private property as per ARAP is approved Contractor management - Undertake daily inspections and submit daily reports to Project Manager.

- maintain complaints register.

Supervisor - - daily reports undertake daily inspections and submit to immediate supervisor.

Issue contractor addressed as required.


formal notification issues to to of - Monitor efficacy of contractor - - - remedial actions submit weekly reports to senior management Client representative.

Review complaints register.

Implement monitoring.

quality water and - Discuss and document issues and remedial actions agreed at progress meetings.
Report on status of compliance, issues and how they have been addressed in monthly reports to - 73 Monitoring Costs US$ Ballpark water quality monitoring program cost is provided in Section 9.1.

Other requirements are good practice and are not considered as incurring any incremental cost.
Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Project activity action or adverse Significant environmental impacts Monitoring required Monitoring Responsibilities Monitoring Costs US$ Client.

Client - Conduct intermittent site visits.

- reports from Review monthly Supervisor.

Participate meetings.

in - progress 1. excavations 2.

Operation equipment that affects overhead lines.


of Service disruption, that affects - - routine household and business operations emergency response capacity 1.

Undertake review inspections contractor compliance with mitigation the recommended measures previous section, Section 9.1. to in 2.

Monitor complaints that documents complaints received and how they were responded to.

register 3.

Monitor efficacy of actions taken to address issues observed.

6.
6.

Mobilise line agencies to monitor in statutory accordance with their - Mobilize line agencies monitor issues as required.

to Line agencies Environmental Health, Councils) (Forestry, Fisheries, - Monitor areas within their mandate, during and post- construction.

Contractor management - Undertake daily inspections and submit daily reports to Project Manager.

- maintain complaints register.

Supervisor - - undertake daily inspections and submit to immediate supervisor.
Issue formal notification reports daily to Requirements good are practice, and are not considered as incurring any incremental cost.

74 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Project activity action or adverse Significant environmental impacts Monitoring required Monitoring Responsibilities Monitoring Costs US$ responsibilities.

of contractor addressed as required.

- monitor complaints register.


- Monitor efficacy of contractor issues to - remedial actions submit weekly reports to senior Client management representative.

and - Discuss and document issues and remedial actions agreed at progress meetings.

Report on status of compliance, issues and how they have been addressed in monthly reports to Client.

- Client - Conduct intermittent site visits.

- reports from Review monthly Supervisor.

Participate meetings.


in - progress RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 75 - Mobilize line agencies monitor issues as required.

to Line agencies (Utility companies, Fire Service, Public Works, Councils, Emergency Management) - Monitor areas within their Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Project activity action or adverse Significant environmental impacts Monitoring required Monitoring Responsibilities Monitoring Costs US$ mandate, during construction.

12.3.
12.3.

OPERATIONAL PHASE MONITORING Normally, routine maintenance works do not result in significant adverse impacts, and environmental management and monitoring requirements are minimal.

Environmental management needs to be focused on taking actions to ensure that adequate maintenance resources are made available and are deployed in a timely manner, and monitoring on ensuring that the maintenance works are carried out in an environmentally-friendly manner.
The monitoring plan for the operations phase impacts is provided in table 12.2 below.

Table 12.2 Operations Phase Monitoring Plan Activities to be monitored Monitoring Responsibilities Monitoring Costs US$ 1.

Management of waste generated by maintenance activities 2.

Maintenance of Ministry vehicle and equipment to ensure leaks, emissions, noise are efficient performance, so that minimised 3.
Maintenance work on slopes (it is assumed this will be undertaken by Forestry) Traffic management for works within the roadway 4.

Ministry of Public Works, Water Resource Management & Ports - intermittent Undertake when maintenance work is being carried out, and use training and performance information appraisals.

inspections for - maintain a complaints mechanism within the Ministry.

Respond to line agency reports.


- included in To be costs of Ministry of Public Works and Department of Forestry Maintenance Plans.
76 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Activities to be monitored Monitoring Responsibilities Monitoring Costs US$ Forestry, Wildlife and Parks Division - intermittent Undertake when maintenance work on slope vegetation is being carried out, and use information for training and performance appraisals.

inspections - maintain a complaints mechanism within the Ministry.

Respond to line agency reports.


- Line agencies - Monitor issues within their mandate as required.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 77 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan 13.

SOCIAL MITIGATION PLANS Mitigation Plan Segment 1: Pont Cassé to Bois Diable Number of votes from participants Mitigation Plan Objectives Risk Description A.
During Construction Land acquisition, crop loss & compensation Not scored Delays along the route Not scored Increase in dust Not scored Loss of business Not scored To avoid/minimize involuntary resettlement & where unavoidable, ensure compensation fair minimize To to disruptions commuters and pedestrians to Adherence provisions of DVRP Resettlement Plan involuntary for resettlement Communications/PR to programme inform affected persons in advance of planned Project activities and disruptions Communications/PR programme including Schedule of peak periods of dust generating activities minimize To inconvenience to road users and business in the affected areas Support to affected population in dealing with dust To avoid serious health risks and Assessment compensation plan To ensure that livelihoods are maintained RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 79 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Description Number of votes from participants Mitigation Plan Objectives Labour Force Influx Not scored B.
During Operation Potential for speeding leading to increase in road traffic accidents (RTA) in the area Additional need for, and hence additional cost of provision of and policing emergency services Not scored Not scored of Assessment available labour in affected areas for of consideration stakeholders and potential contractors minimize To community wide negative social impacts, while optimising the potential benefits of on health reproductive Sensitisation communities potential (incl.. risks) Standardization of provision of goods and services (e.g.
accommodation and food service) Enhanced safety measures road To promote the safety of road users Synergistic to approaches strengthen road safety compliance measures across all 4 segments To expenditure hikes on safety compliance measures contain road ‘;;;;; 80 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Mitigation Plan Segment 2: Bois Diable to Castle Bruce Risk Description Number of from votes participants A.
Construction Phase Land acquisition and compensation 20 Loss of flora and fauna 12 Delays along the route 6 Loss of tourism benefits 5 Mitigation Plan Objectives Adherence to DVRP Plan Resettlement the on based Resettlement Policy Framework To avoid/minimize the need for involuntary and, resettlement, where unavoidable, ensure fair compensation in To maintain and improve the aesthetic the appeal affected area and the bio- preserve thereby diversity, enhancing the tourism appeal in the area To minimize inconvenience of loss of time to road users as a result of the road construction works coordinated A to approach a designing beautification plan for the affected area Communication/PR programme to inform in affected persons areas, in advance of project planned likely activities and traffic interruptions, on an on-going basis.
Compliance DVRP livelihoods compensation policy with on and loss of To minimize tourism business and sustain livelihoods from tourism Relocation of roadside vendors 4 Compliance with operating procedure To sustain livelihoods of the affected areas by residents in RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 81 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Description Number of votes from participants Mitigation Plan Objectives Diversion routes to longer 4 Increase in dust 3 Resettlement of some residents 3 BP 4.12: A vendor relocation plan Communication/PR programme to inform persons in affected areas in advance of project planned activities and likely traffic interruptions, on an on-going basis including Communications/PR a plan schedule of peak periods dust generating activities of Support to affected in dealing persons with the increase in dust affected areas- all population centres along the affected area.
in with Compliance DVRP Resettlement Framework and ARAP paying particular attention to avoiding Involuntary that each is ensuring displaced vendor satisfactorily relocated compensated and To inconvenience road users minimize to minimize To to inconvenience road users, homes, schools, churches, and business in the affected areas avoid To health risks serious ensure To that displaced persons not are disadvantaged, have not livelihoods and their standard of lost ‘;;;;; 82 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Description Number of votes from participants Mitigation Plan Objectives Resettlement and to providing fair compensation living maintained/restored is To minimize community wide negative social impacts, while the optimising potential benefits to the community Labour influx Not scored Assessment labour of available in the affected areas for of consideration and stakeholders potential contractors Sensitization of on communities potential health (incl.
reproductive) risks Standardization of the provision of goods and (e.g.

services accommodation and food service) B.
During Operation Potential for speeding leading to increase in road traffic accidents (RTA) in the area 0 for, Additional need and hence additional cost of provision of policing and emergency services Enhanced safety measures road To increase safety of road users Synergistic to approaches road strengthen safety compliance measures across all segments contain To expenditure hikes on road safety compliance measures RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 83 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Segment 3: Castle Bruce, Good Hope, San Sauveur, Petite Soufriere Risk Description Number of votes from participants Mitigation Plan Objectives A.
During Constructio n 14 (due Delays along the to route of narrowness and roads closeness of population centres to roads) Resettlement some residents of 13 Increase in dust 11 Land acquisition and compensation 9 ‘;;;;; 84 to Communication/PR programme inform persons in affected areas in advance of planned project activities and likely traffic interruptions, on an on-going basis minimize To inconvenience of loss of time to road users as a result of the road construction works Compliance with DVRP Resettlement Framework paying and particular attention to fair compensation ARAP To ensure that the need for involuntary is resettlement minimized and displaced persons are not disadvantaged and have not lost livelihoods Communications/PR plan including a schedule of peak periods of dust generating activities affected to Support persons in coping with the increase in dust levels minimize to users and schools, and the To inconvenience road homes, churches, in businesses affected areas Adherence to the DVRP Resettlement Plan based on Resettlement Policy -To avoid/minimize the for need involuntary resettlement and, RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Description Number of votes from participants Mitigation Plan Objectives Framework where unavoidable, ensure compensation fair Relocation roadside vendors of 8 Compliance with operating procedure BP 4.12: A vendor relocation plan in sustain To of livelihoods residents the affected areas by ensuring that each displaced vendor is satisfactorily relocated compensated and Loss of flora and fauna 6 the and A planning committee village including other council development agencies, including environmental stakeholders in the area to convene and develop a beautification plan for the affected area To minimize loss of and biodiversity and maintain improve the aesthetic appeal of the affected area 0 0 Diversion to longer routes (No existing alternative routes) tourism Loss of (No business developed tourism sites the in affected areas) Labour Force Influx Not scored An available affected assessment labour in areas of the for To minimize community wide social negative RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 85 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Description Number of votes from participants Mitigation Plan Objectives while impacts, optimising the potential benefits to the communities consideration stakeholders potential contractors , of including Sensitization of communities on potential health (incl.
reproductive) risks Standardization of the provision of goods and (e.g.

services accommodation and food service) B.
During Operation for Potential speeding leading to increase in road traffic accidents Increased cost of provision of police emergency and services 8 8 Enhanced measures areas road in safety affected the increase To safety of road users Synergistic approaches to safety strengthen measures compliance across all 4 segments road To contain expenditure hikes safety on compliance measures road Segment 4: Castle Bruce to Hatton Garden (1): Community of Atkinson Risk Description Number of votes from participants Mitigation Plan Objectives A.
During Construct ion ‘;;;;; 86 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Description Number of votes from participants Land acquisition and compensation 18 Increase in dust 18 Mitigation Plan Objectives Adherence to the DVRP Resettlement on based Plan Resettlement Policy Framework as per ARAP To avoid/minimize the need for involuntary resettlement, and, where unavoidable, ensure fair compensation Communications/PR plan including a schedule of peak periods dust generating activities of To minimize inconvenience to road users and homes, and schools, businesses the affected areas churches, in Loss of tourism business 14 Delays the route along 11 To avoid serious health risks To minimize loss of tourism business sustain and livelihoods from tourism, while maintaining area’s tourism appeal the To minimize inconvenience to road users as a result of the road construction works Support to affected persons in dealing with the increase in in affected dust areas- all population centres along Compliance with DVRP policy on and livelihoods compensation Communication/PR to programme in inform persons in affected areas of advance planned project activities and likely traffic interruptions, on an on-going basis RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 87 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Description Number of votes from participants Loss of flora and fauna- biodiversity 10 Diversion longer routes to 8 of 0 Relocation roadside vendors Resettlement of some residents 0 Labour influx Force Not scored Mitigation Plan Objectives To maintain and improve the aesthetic and biodiversity of the affected area appeal To minimize inconvenience to road users To minimize community wide impacts, social negative while optimising the potential benefits to the communities coordinated A to approach a designing beautification plan for the affected area Communication/PR to programme in inform persons in affected areas, of advance, project planned activities and likely traffic interruptions, on an on-going basis An assessment of available labour in the affected areas for consideration of stakeholders, including potential contractors Sensitization communities potential (incl.
of on health reproductive) ‘;;;;; 88 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Description Number of votes from participants Mitigation Plan Objectives risks Standardization of the provision of goods and services (e.g.

accommodation and food service) B.
During Operatio n Potential speeding leading accidents for 10 to 7 Increased role for police and emergency services road Enhanced safety measures in affected areas To promote the safety of road users To contain expenditure hikes on road safety compliance measures Synergistic to approaches Strengthen road safety compliance measures across all 4 segments Segment 4: Castle Bruce to Hatton Garden (2): Communities of the Kalinago Territory Risk Description Number of from votes participants A.
During Construct ion Loss of tourism 14 Mitigation Plan Objectives Compliance with DVRP policy on To minimize loss of tourism sustain and business RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 89 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Number of votes from participants Risk Description business Mitigation Plan Objectives livelihoods compensation and livelihoods from tourism, while exploring for economic expanding opportunities in the area avenues Resettlement of some residents 12 Land Acquisition and Compensation 11 of 10 Relocation roadside vendors Delays the route along 9 Increase in dust 7 Compliance with DVRP Resettlement Framework paying particular attention fair to compensation resettlement To ensure that the need for is involuntary minimized and displaced persons not disadvantaged and have not lost livelihoods are Adherence to the DVRP Resettlement Plan on based Resettlement Policy Framework To avoid/minimise the need involuntary for resettlement, and, where unavoidable, fair compensation ensure Compliance with operating procedure BP 4.12 A vendor relocation plan Communication/PR to programme inform persons in advance of Project activities and likely traffic interruptions Communications/PR plan incl.
Schedule of peak periods of dust generating activities in sustain livelihoods of To residents the affected areas by ensuring that each displaced is satisfactorily relocated and compensated vendor To minimize inconvenience to road users To minimize inconvenience to road users, homes, schools & churches in affected areas ‘;;;;; 90 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Description Number of votes from participants Mitigation Plan Objectives To avoid serious health risks Support to affected persons in dealing with the increase in dust Loss of flora and fauna 2 coordinated to a A approach designing beautification plan To maintain and improve the and aesthetic biodiversity of the affected area appeal Labour influx Force Not scored An assessment of available labour in the affected areas for consideration of stakeholders and potential contractors To minimize community wide negative social impacts while optimising potential the benefits to the communities of Sensitization on communities health potential (incl.
Reproductive) risks Standardization of the provision of goods and services e.g.

accommodation and food service B.
During Operatio n Potential speeding leading accidents for 18 to road Enhanced safety measures in affected areas To promote the safety of road users RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 91 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Description Number of votes from participants Mitigation Plan Objectives 6 Increased role for police and emergency services To contain expenditure hikes on road safety compliance measures Synergistic to approaches road Strengthen safety compliance measures across all 4 segments ‘;;;;; 92 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan 14.
SOCIAL ACTION PLAN Action Plan Segment 1: Pond Cassé to Bois Diable Risk Objectives Mitigation Indicator/Measu re Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Verificatio n Sources Status A.
Objectives During Constructio n Start End NS S WA C and To avoid/minimize involuntary resettlement where unavoidable, ensure compensation fair March 2018 May 2019 -complaints concerning level of compensation for loss of assets or access to assets -All compensa tion mutually agreed during negotiatio n and paid to displaced persons Adopt and Land 1. implement Acquisition Operating in Procedures, accordance with provisions of the World Bank Resettlement Policy OP4.12 and the Commonwealth of Land Dominica, Act Acquisition Chapter 53:02, that address: of Min.
Finance supported by Min.
of Environment; Physical Planning; Lands Surveys; Public Works and - Personnel - Budget for payment of compensati on (See Table 1 & ARAP) -Records of the Ministry of Housing and Lands -Records of DVRP -Land and negotiation Valuation -Compensation for RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 93 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Objectives Mitigation Indicator/Measu re Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Verificatio n Sources Status Land and/or Crop Loss Acquired -Commencement of Works Acquired Publication Declarations on Lands- and 2.
Follow procedure for fair compensation based on property and assets valuation: Authorized -The Officer/Director of and Surveys Commissioner of Lands, guided by the valuation from the Valuation Unit and the Ministry of Agriculture (in case of crop loss), enters negotiation into the property with and owner purchases the land owner, from the ‘;;;;; 94 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Objectives Mitigation Indicator/Measu re Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Verificatio n Sources Status once has been reached agreement Number complaints road users of by Zero complaints minimize To to disruptions commuters and pedestrians, as a result of delays along the route May 2019 June 2019 Table See 10.2 Moitoring reports of DVRP DVRP in collaboration with Contractor and Dept.
Traffic July 2019 Ongoing DVRP Contractor and Monitorin g records of DVRP a -Develop communications plan that provides road users with prior on information timing of construction activities which will traffic result in targeting delays; tour taxi operators not limited to those in the vicinity and -Disseminate information on an basis ongoing during road construction, using a variety of media – radio, newspapers, flyers To minimize Measures in All agreed -Implement a dust July Ongoing DVRP and See Table RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 95 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Objectives Mitigation Indicator/Measu re Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Verificatio n Sources Status inconvenience of high dust levels to users and road schools, homes, and churches, business the affected areas in place to minimize impact high dust of levels in affected areas measures being implement ed reduction plan: 2019 Contractor 10.2 - Implement direct support to affected persons/institutions for dealing with the increased dust levels e.g.
: -distribution of dust masks July 2019 Ongoing Ongoing July DVRP Ministry Health & of Ongoing -regular watering of dusty areas July Contractor ensure To livelihoods maintained that are ‘;;;;; 96 of Number businesses closed/adversel y without adequate compensation affected Zero - Conduct assessment of pre- income project streams of affected businesses loss the - Monitor and businesses of possible (crop income production loss) during the project operational phase Nov. 2018 Jan. 2019 Consultants& DVRP ARAP & Records of DVRP Aug. 2019 Ongoing DVRP Ministry Finance & of DVRP RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Objectives Mitigation Indicator/Measu re Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Verificatio n Sources Status on - Make for arrangements fair compensation, based the that principle persons affected be not should placed a at disadvantage minimize To community-wide negative impacts, optimising potential benefits social while the May 2019 June 2019 DVRP Records of DVRP Complaints by residents of being crowded out of the labour markets No substantiat ed complaints - Negotiate with the Contractor, based on a register of construction skills / labour available in the communities, to promote local employment where feasible RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 97 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Objectives Mitigation Indicator/Measu re Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Verificatio n Sources Status July 2019 Ongoing Implement a - education public on campaign potential health risks of labour influx -Develop workplace protocols also designed to curb at risk behaviour Issue standards for accommodation - Ensure caterers certified that food are with DVRP of Ministry Health – Primary Care Facilities DVRP & & DVRP Dominica Hotel Tourism Association DVRP Table See 10.2 Table See 10.2 B.
Objectives During Operation To promote the safety of road users Number of RTAs Zero increase - Develop and implement a speed strategy reduction Dec. 2019 On- Traffic Department Records of police stations in ‘;;;;; 98 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Objectives Mitigation Indicator/Measu re Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources the in areas: following going - speed bumps - signage the - Coordinate efforts of the Traffic Department and Ministry of Health in addressing the issue Dec. 2019 of Ministry & Health Traffic Dept.
; DVRP Ongoing Verificatio n Sources the area Status To contain expenditure hikes on safety compliance measures road Increase patrols policemen in by Zero increase in manpower a Develop synergistic approach to road enhancing safety compliance measures across all 4 road segments Dec. 2019 Ongoing Traffic Department Police stations in the area Action Plan Segment 2: Bois Diable to Castle Bruce Risk Objectives Mitigation Indicator/Measure Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Verification Sources Status RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 99 Risk Objectives Mitigation C. Objectives During Constructio n To avoid/minimize the for need involuntary resettlement, and, where unavoidable, ensure compensation fair Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Indicator/Measure Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Verification Sources Status Start End NS S WA C -complaints concerning level of compensation for loss of assets or access to assets -All compen sation mutually agreed during negotiati on and paid to displace d persons Adopt and Land 1. implement Acquisition Operating Procedures, in accordance with the provisions of World Bank Resettlement Policy OP4.12 and the Commonwealth of Land Dominica, Acquisition Act Chapter 53:02, that address: Marc h 2018 May 2019 - Personnel See Table 10.2 - Records of the Ministry of Housing and Lands- Records of DVRP Min.
of Fin supported by Min.

of Environmen t; Physical Planning; Lands and Surveys; Public Works -Land and negotiation Valuation -Compensation Land Acquired for -Commencement of Works Acquired Publication on Lands- and ‘;;;;; 100 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Objectives Mitigation Indicator/Measure Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Verification Sources Status Declarations 2.
Follow procedure fair for compensation based on property valuation: -The Authorized Officer/Director of and Surveys of Commissioner Lands, guided by the valuation from the Valuation Unit, enters into negotiation with the property owner and purchases the land from the owner RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 101 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Objectives Mitigation Indicator/Measure Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Status Verification Sources - Records of the Ministry of Housing and Lands -Records of DVRP Mar 2018 May 2019 of Min.
Finance supported by Min.
of Environmen t; Physical Planning; Lands and Surveys; Public Works of -Complaints involuntary or restriction access to legally designated parks and protected areas with adverse on impact livelihoods of displaced persons Extent to which any likely negative flora impact on is and minimized and addressed fauna To Maintain and improve the aesthetic appeal – flora and fauna - in the affected area – and preserve biodiversity, thereby enhancing the tourism appeal ‘;;;;; 102 of -zero complai nts involunt ary restrictio n without agreem ent on compen sation for resulting livelihoo d loss Plan for maintain ing /restorin g aestheti c appeal in -explore all viable alternative project designs May 2019 June 2019 DVRP; Village Council See Table 10.2 key -Involve stakeholders in affected areas on a planning committee to draw up a beautification -DVRP records of consultations with held community members in Castle Bruce, Dix Pas and Tranto RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Objectives Mitigation Indicator/Measure Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Verification Sources Status plan to address any resulting loss of fauna flora and from the project affected areas accepte d by commun ities minimize To inconvenience to road users as a result of delays along the route Number complaints road users of by Zero complai nts a -Develop communications plan that provides road users with prior on information timing of construction activities which will traffic in result delays -Designate complaints office a -Disseminate information on an ongoing basis road during construction, using a variety of media – radio, newspapers, flyers May 2019 June 2019 with in DVRP collaborati on Traffic Dept.
and the Contractor See Table 10.2 Monitoring reports DVRP of DVRP/ Contractor July 2019 Ongoin g Records of DVRP RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 103 Status Verification Sources ARAP & Records of DVRP Risk Objectives Mitigation To minimize loss of business and sustain from livelihoods tourism Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Indicator/Measure Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources in DVRP collaborati with on Community Tourism Officials Min.
Tourism in of Survey carried out by Consultants; businesses to be monitored during construction by DVRP Zero Number of tourism businesses closed/ adversely affected, without adequate compensation Nov. 2018 Jan. 2019 Conduct an - assessment of income streams of the affected businesses, with a view to arranging fair compensation -Based on monitoring findings, key involve community tourism planners and stakeholders at the national and community development level to develop a plan for relocation and/or compensation of affected businesses an -Identify appropriate site for relocation of affected businesses/persons, in keeping with the developed, plan ‘;;;;; 104 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Objectives Mitigation Indicator/Measure Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Verification Sources Status and payment of fair compensation based on WB/DVRP Resettlement Policy Framework, for loss of livelihood.
-Identify an appropriate site for relocation of affected vendors, in keeping with the vendor relocation plan, and payment of fair compensation based on WB/DVRP Resettlement Policy Framework, for loss of livelihood.
-Designate complaints desk/office a Develop a communication/PR to programme in inform persons DVRP records May 2019 June 2019 in DVRP collaborati on with Lands and Survey and Castle Bruce Village Council May 2019 June 2019 DVRP and Contractor See Table 10.2 in sustain To of livelihoods residents the affected areas by ensuring that each displaced vendor is satisfactorily relocated Zero Number complaints relocated, affected persons/ of by businesses minimize To inconvenience to road users as a result of diversion to RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 105 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Indicator/Measure Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Verification Sources Status Risk Objectives Mitigation longer routes minimize To inconvenience of high dust levels to users and road schools, homes, and churches, business the affected areas in Measures in place to minimize impact of high dust levels in affected areas All agreed measure s being impleme nted affected areas of in advance of project planned activities and likely traffic interruptions, on an on-going basis Utilize all types of media -Develop a dust reduction plan July 2019 June 2019 in -Include the Communication/PR plan discussed earlier a schedule of peak periods of generating dust activities - Arrange for direct support to affected persons/institutions e.g.
-distribution of dust masks -regular watering of Ongoin g Ongoin g in See Table 10.2 with DVRP collaborati on Castle Bruce Village Council; Contractor ‘;;;;; 106 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Indicator/Measure Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Verification Sources Status Complaints affected persons by Zero complai nts Risk Objectives Mitigation that ensure To displaced persons are not disadvantaged, lost not have livelihoods and their standard of living is maintained or improved minimize of To incidence involuntary resettlement To minimize community wide social negative while impacts, optimising the potential benefits to the communities Complaints by residents of being crowded out of the labour markets No substanti ated complai nts Nov. 2018 Jan. 2019 Marc h 2018 May 2019 May 2019 June 2019 dusty areas the Estimate income streams of the affected persons, complete and negotiation agreement with displaced persons prior to resettlement Land Implement Acquisition Operating Procedures in accordance with OP 4.12 and the Commonwealth of Land Dominica Act Acquisition 53.02 - Negotiate with the Contractor, based on a register of construction skills / labour available in the communities, to local promote in DVRP consultatio n relevant Ministry with Consultants DVRP; Lands Surveys & in DVRP collaborati on with the Castle Bruce Village Council ARAP; Records of DVRP -Manpower for coordination and implementati on See Table 10.2 Records of DVRP RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 107 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Objectives Mitigation Indicator/Measure Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Verification Sources Status employment where feasible Implement a - education public campaign on potential health risks of labour influx -Develop workplace also protocols designed to curb at risk behaviour - Issue standards for accommodation - Ensure that food are caterers certified July 2019 Ongoin g June 2019 Ministry of Health DVRP DVRP and Dominica Hotel Tourism Association & DVRP See Table 10.2 D. Objectives During Operation ‘;;;;; 108 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Objectives Mitigation Indicator/Measure Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Dec. 2019 Ongoin g Traffic Departmen t Dec. 2019 Ongoin g Ministry of Health; Traffic Dept.
; DVRP To promote the safety of road users Number of RTAs Zero increase Increase in patrols by policemen zero To contain expenditure hikes on safety compliance measures road - Develop and implement a speed strategy reduction in following areas: the - speed bumps - signage - Coordinate the efforts of the Traffic Department and Ministry of Health in addressing the issue a Develop synergistic to approach road enhancing safety compliance measures across all 4 road segments Dec. 2019 Ongoin g Traffic Departmen t Police stations the area in Status Verification Sources Police stations the area in Action Plan Segment 3: Castle Bruce to Good Hope, San Sauveur, Petite Soufriere RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 109 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Objectives Mitigation Indicator/Measu re Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Verification Sources Status A.
Objective s During Constructi on To minimize inconvenience of to loss of road users as a result of delays along the route time Number complaints road users of by Zero complaints ‘;;;;; 110 Start End NS S WA C a -Develop communications plan that provides road users with prior information on timing of construction activities which will result traffic in delays -Designate complaints office a -Disseminate information on an basis ongoing during road construction, using a variety of media – radio, newspapers, flyers -Build bridge temporary Monitoring reports of DVRP Manpower See Table 10.2 May 2019 June 2019 in DVRP collaboratio the n with Traffic Dept.
and Contractor DVRP Contractor and July 2019 Ongoin g Contractor See Table 10.2 Records DVRP of Contractor Contractor ’s Cost Contractor ’s cost RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Objectives Mitigation Indicator/Measu re Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Verification Sources Status Implement relay system bus Estimate the income streams of affected the persons and complete negotiations and agreement prior to resettlement Nov. 2018 May 2019 DVRP of Ministry Housing and Lands Manpower to coordinat e & implement Records DVRP Ministry Housing Lands of and of and See Table 10.2 See Table 10.2 Project implementation reports in DVRP collaboratio n with Petite Soufriere, Good Hope and San Sauveur Village Councils; -Develop a dust reduction plan April 2019 June 2019 in the -Include Communication/ PR plan discussed earlier a schedule of peak periods of generating dust Complaints by affected persons Zero complaints in Measures place to minimize impact high dust of levels in affected areas All agreed measures being implemente d To ensure that the need for involuntary is resettlement minimized and displaced persons not are disadvantaged and have not lost livelihoods To minimize inconvenience to road users and schools, homes, churches, and business as a result of increased dust the levels affected areas in RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 111 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Objectives Mitigation Indicator/Measu re Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Verification Sources Status activities Contractor To avoid/minimize for need the involuntary resettlement and, where unavoidable, ensure compensation fair -complaints concerning level of compensation for loss of assets to or access assets -All compensati on mutually agreed during negotiation and paid to displaced persons - Arrange for direct support to affected persons/institutions for dealing with the increased dust levels e.g.
July 2019 July 2019 Ongoin g Ongoin g Nov. 2018 - May 2019 -distribution of dust masks -regular watering of dusty areas and Land 1.

Adopt implement Acquisition Operating Procedures, in accordance with the provisions of World Bank Resettlement Policy the OP4.12 and Commonwealth of Land Dominica, Acquisition Act Chapter 53:02, that address: DVRP Ministry Health & of Contractor DVRP, Min.

of Environment; Min.
of Housing and Lands, Physical Planning; Lands and Surveys; Public Works - Personnel See Table 10.2 -Records of the of Ministry Housing and Lands -Records DVRP of ‘;;;;; 112 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Objectives Mitigation Indicator/Measu re Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Verification Sources Status -Land and negotiation Valuation -Compensation for Land Acquired -Commencement Works of Acquired Publication Declarations on Lands- and Follow 2. procedure for fair compensation based on property valuation: -The Authorized Officer/Director of and Surveys Commissioner of Lands, guided by the valuation from the Valuation Unit, into enters negotiation with the land owner and purchases the the from land once owner, RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 113 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Objectives Mitigation Indicator/Measu re Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Verification Sources Status of -complaints involuntary restriction or access to legally designated parks and protected areas adverse with on impact livelihoods of displaced persons -zero complaints of involuntary restriction without agreement on compensati on for resulting livelihood loss zero of by Number complaints affected vendors agreement been reached has and Land 1.
Adopt implement Acquisition Operating Procedures, in accordance with the provisions of Bank World Resettlement Policy OP4.12 and the Commonwealth of Dominica, Land Act Acquisition Chapter 53:02, that address: Nov. 2018 May 2019 Min.

of Housing and Lands, Min.
of Environment; Physical Planning; Lands and Surveys; Public Works -Records Ministry Housing -Records DVRP of of of May 2019 Identify an appropriate site for of relocation affected vendors in the keeping with vendor relocation plan and payment fair of compensation DVRP with Village Councils & Lands and Survey Survey undertake by n Consultant s; DVRP required to monitor during constructi RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 in sustain To of livelihoods the residents affected areas by ensuring that each displaced vendor is satisfactorily relocated and ‘;;;;; 114 Risk Objectives Mitigation Indicator/Measu re compensated To minimize loss of biodiversity and maintain/improve aesthetic the appeal of the affected area Extent to which any likely negative impact flora and on fauna is minimized and addressed Complaints by residents of being crowded out of the labour markets No substantiat ed complaints To minimize community wide social negative while impacts, optimising potential benefits to the communities Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Verification Sources Status in Plan for maintaining /restoring aesthetic appeal affected areas accepted by communitie s on May 2019 June 2019 DVRP; Village Council See Table 10.2 June 2019 in DVRP collaboratio n with the Village Council based on DVRP Resettlement Policy Framework for loss of livelihood -explore all viable alternative project designs key -Involve stakeholders in affected areas on a planning committee to draw up a beautification address plan to any resulting loss of flora and fauna from the project - Negotiate with the Contractor, based on a register of construction skills / labour available in the communities, to promote local employment where feasible -DVRP records of consultations with held community members Good San and Soufriere in Hope, Sauveur Petite Records of DVR Records of the Labour Dept.
Reports the Council from Village RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 115 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Objectives Mitigation Indicator/Measu re Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Verification Sources Status July 2019 Ongoin g - Implement a public education on campaign potential health risks of labour influx -Develop workplace protocols also designed to curb at risk behaviour - Issue standards for accommodation May 2019 June 2019 that Ensure caterers certified food are See Table 10.2 DVRP with support by Ministry of Health and Social Services DVRP & See Table 10.2 DVRP DHTA DVRP B.
Objective s During Operation ‘;;;;; 116 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Objectives Mitigation Indicator/Measu re Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Verification Sources Status To promote safety of users the road Number of traffic accidents from speeding Zero increase To contain expenditure hikes on safety compliance measures road No.
of patrols Zero increase traffic officers in Dec. 2019 Ongoin g Traffic Department Records police in the area of stations DVRP Dec. 2019 Ongoin g Traffic Department Police stations in the area Develop and implement a speed reduction strategy in following areas: the - speed bumps - signage the Coordinate the of efforts Ministry of Health Traffic and the Department in the addressing issue a Develop synergistic to approach enhancing road safety compliance measures across all road segments 4 through: RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 117 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Action Plan Segment 4 (1): Castle Bruce to Hatton Garden (Atkinson) Risk Objectives Mitigation Indicator/Measu re Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Verification Sources Status A.
Objective s During Constructi on To avoid/minimize the for need involuntary resettlement, and, where unavoidable, ensure compensation fair -Complaints concerning level of compensation for loss of assets or access to assets -All compensati on mutually agreed during negotiation and paid to displaced persons -Complaints of involuntary restriction or access to legally designated parks and protected areas adverse with on impact of livelihoods Zero complaints of involuntary restriction without agreement on compensati ‘;;;;; 118 Start End NS S WA C Marc h 2018 May 2019 See Table 10.2 & ARAP - Records of Ministry of Housing and Lands -Records of DVRP Min.
of Housing and Lands supported by Min.
of Environment (DVRP); Physical Planning; Lands and Surveys; Public Works Adopt and Land 1. implement Acquisition Operating Procedures, in accordance with the provisions of World Bank Resettlement Policy OP4.12 and the Commonwealth of Land Dominica, Acquisition Act Chapter 53:02, that address: -Land and negotiation Valuation -Compensation Land Acquired for RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Objectives Mitigation Indicator/Measu re Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Verification Sources Status displaced persons on -Commencement of Works Acquired Publication Declarations on Lands- and 2.
Follow procedure fair for compensation based on property valuation: -The Authorized Officer/Director of and Surveys Commissioner of Lands, guided by the valuation from the Valuation Unit, enters into negotiation with the property owner and purchases the land from the owner, once agreement is reached To minimize Measures in All agreed -Develop a dust May June DVRP with See Table Reports from RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 119 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Objectives Mitigation Indicator/Measu re Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Atkinson Village Council & Contractor 10.2 Verification Sources DVRP Contractor & Status inconvenience of high dust levels to road users and schools, homes, and churches businesses in the affected areas place to minimize impact high dust of levels in affected areas measures being implemente d reduction plan 2019 2019 in -Include the Communication/PR Plan a schedule of peak periods of dust generating activities -Arrange for direct support to affected persons/institutions for dealing with the increased dust levels e.g.
-distribution of dust masks July 2019 Ongoin g Zero -regular water of dusty areas July 2019 Ongoin g May 2019 June 2019 -Involve key community tourism planners and stakeholders at the national and community development level of Number tourism businesses closed/adversel y without adequate affected the To minimize tourism loss of business and sustain livelihoods, while maintaining the area’s tourism ‘;;;;; 120 See Table 10.2 & of of Records Health Centres/Clini cs DVRP Ministry Health Contractor in DVRP collaboration with Community Tourism Officials Ministry in of RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Verification Sources Status Risk Objectives Mitigation Indicator/Measu re appeal compensation to develop a plan for relocation and/or compensation of affected businesses -Identify an appropriate site for compensation of affected businesses/persons, in keeping with the plan, and payment of fair compensation based on WB/DVRP Resettlement Policy Framework for loss of livelihood on fair -Agree compensation (if required) and pay prior to displacement a -Develop communications plan that provides road users with prior May 2019 June 2019 May 2019 June 2019 May 2019 June 2019 & Tourism Atkinson Village Council See Table 10.2 Reports DVRP of in Contractor collaboration with DVRP & To minimize inconvenience to road users as a result of delays Number complaints road users of by Zero complaints RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 121 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Objectives Mitigation Indicator/Measu re along the route Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Verification Sources Status with support of Traffic Dept July 2019 Ongoin g DVRP Contractor & Contractor on of information timing construction activities which will result traffic in delays -Designate complaints office a -Disseminate information on an basis ongoing during
 road construction, using a variety of media – radio, newspapers, flyers To maintain and improve the aesthetic appeal and biodiversity – flora and fauna in the affected area Extent to which any likely negative impact flora and on is fauna minimized and addressed for Plan maintaining/ -Explore all viable project designs May 2019 June 2019 restoring aesthetics in affected areas accepted by the communities is key -Involve stakeholders in affected areas on a planning committee to draw up a beautification plan DVRP Forestry Division, Atkinson Village Council See Table 10.2 DVRP records of consultations held with community members Atkinson in ‘;;;;; 122 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Objectives Mitigation Indicator/Measu re Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Verification Sources Status To minimize inconvenience to road users as a result of diversion to longer routes Number complaints road users of by Zero complaints -Develop a communication/PR to programme in inform persons in affected areas advance of project planned activities and likely traffic interruptions, on an ongoing basis appropriate -Use signage May 2019 June 2019 DVRP Contractor & See Table 10.2 July 2019 Ongoin g Contractor Zero complaints of by Number complaints relocated affected persons/business es in sustain To of livelihoods residents the affected areas by ensuring that each displaced is vendor satisfactorily relocated May 2019 -Identify an appropriate site for relocation of affected vendors and payment of fair compensation (if warranted) based on WB/DVRP Resettlement Policy Framework, for loss of livelihood.
RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 in the DVRP collaboration with Atkinson Village Council & Lands and Survey Dept.
Baseline survey conducte d Consultan ts; by DVRP to monitor during constructi on works 123 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Objectives Mitigation Indicator/Measu re Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Verification Sources Status To minimize community wide social negative while impacts, optimising the potential positive impacts Complaints by residents of being crowded out of the labour markets No substantiate d complaints ‘;;;;; 124 -Designate complaints desk/office a - Negotiate with the Contractor, based register of on a construction skills / labour available in the communities, to local promote employment where feasible Implement a - education public campaign on potential health risks of labour influx -Develop workplace protocols also designed to curb at risk behaviour - Issue standards for May 2019 June 2019 in DVRP collaboration the with Village Council Records DVRP of July 2019 Ongoin g DVRP supported by of Ministry and Health Social Services See Table10.2 of Records of Ministry Health & DVRP reports DVRP See Table 10.2 Documentati on DVRP, Bureau of Standards, & DHTA See Table Documentati RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Objectives Mitigation Indicator/Measu re Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Verification Sources Status B.
Objective s During Operation To promote safety of users the road Number of RTAs Zero increase Ministry Tourism of 10.2 on Dec. 2019 Ongoin g Traffic Department of Records Police stations in the area accommodation - Ensure that food are caterers certified Develop and implement a speed strategy reduction in following areas: the - signage - speed bumps the Coordinate efforts the of Ministry of Health Traffic and the in Department addressing the issue To contain expenditure hikes safety on road Increase patrols policemen in by Zero increase manpower in Develop synergistic approach a to Dec. 2019 Ongoin g Traffic Department Police stations in the area RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 125 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Objectives Mitigation Indicator/Measu re compliance measures Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Verification Sources Status enhancing road safety compliance measures across all 4 road segments Action Plan Segment 4 (2): Castle Bruce to Hatton Garden (Kalinago Territory) Risk Objectives Mitigation Indicator/Measu re Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Verification Sources Status A.
Objectives During Constructio n To minimize loss of business tourism sustain and while livelihoods, the maintaining area’s tourism appeal of Number tourism businesses closed/adversel y without adequate compensation affected Start End NS S WA C Zero key -Involve community tourism planners and stakeholders at the and national community development level to develop a plan relocation for and/or compensation of affected businesses -Identify an May 2019 June 2019 May in the the DVRP collaboration with Kalinago Council, Kalinago Development Committee and National Tourism Representative ARAP; Records DVRP of by Baseline survey conducte d Consultan ts; DVRP to monitor during constructi on ‘;;;;; 126 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Objectives Mitigation Indicator/Measu re Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Verification Sources Status 2019 appropriate site for relocation of affected businesses/persons, in keeping with the plan developed, and payment of fair compensation based on WB/DVRP Resettlement Policy Framework, for of loss livelihood.
on fair Agree compensation (if required) and pay compensation prior displacement to To ensure that the need for involuntary is resettlement minimized and displaced persons are not disadvantaged and lost not have Complaints by affected persons Zero complaints Estimate the income streams of affected the persons and complete negotiations and agreement prior to Nov. 2018 May 2019 Min of Finance /DVRP See Table 10.2 Records DVRP Min.
Finance of and of RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 127 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Objectives Mitigation Indicator/Measu re livelihoods To avoid/minimize the for need involuntary resettlement, and, where unavoidable, ensure fair compensation -complaints concerning level of compensation for loss of assets or access to assets -Complaints of involuntary restriction or access to legally designated parks and protected areas adverse with on impact livelihoods of displaced persons Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Verification Sources Status Marc h 2018 May 2019 DVRP supported by Ministry of Housing and and Lands Ministry of Public Workst; See Table 10.2 & ARAP -Records of Ministry of Housing and Lands -Records of DVRP -All compensati on mutually agreed during negotiation and paid to displaced persons Zero complaints of involuntary restriction without agreement on compensati on resettlement and Land Adopt 1. implement Acquisition Operating in Procedures, accordance with provisions of the World Bank Resettlement Policy OP4.12 and the Commonwealth of Dominica, Land Act Acquisition Chapter 53:02, that address: -Land and negotiation Valuation -Compensation for Land Acquired -Commencement of Works Acquired Publication Declarations on Lands- and ‘;;;;; 128 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Objectives Mitigation Indicator/Measu re Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Verification Sources Status 2.
Follow procedure for fair compensation based on property valuation: -The Authorized Officer/Director of and Surveys Commissioner of Lands, guided by the valuation from the Valuation Unit, enters into negotiation with the property owner and purchases the land the from once owner, has agreement been reached sustain To of livelihoods residents the affected areas by ensuring that each displaced vendor is in of by Number complaints relocated affected persons/business Zero complaints May 2019 an -Identify appropriate site for relocation of affected vendors, in keeping with the plan developed, in DVRP collaboration with Lands and Survey and the Kalinago RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 129 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Objectives Mitigation Indicator/Measu re satisfactorily relocated es Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Verification Sources Status minimize To inconvenience to road users as a result of delays along the route Number complaints road users of by Zero complaints and payment of fair compensation on based WB/DVRP Resettlement Policy Framework, of loss for livelihood.
-Designate complaints desk/office a a -Develop communications plan that provides road users with information prior on of timing construction activities which will result traffic in delays -Designate complaints office a May 2019 June 2019 June 2019 -Disseminate information on an basis ongoing July 2019 Ongoin g Council in & DVRP collaboration the with Contractor & Traffic Department DVRP Contractor and Contractor See Table 10.2 Reports DVRP of Records DVRP of ‘;;;;; 130 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Objectives Mitigation Indicator/Measu re Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Verification Sources Status in Measures place to minimize impact high dust of levels in affected areas All agreed measures being implemente d To minimize inconvenience of high dust levels to users and road schools, homes, and churches, business the affected areas in To avoid health risks serious during road construction, using a variety of media – radio, newspapers, flyers -Develop a dust reduction plan May 2019 June 2019 in the -Include Communication/ PR plan discussed earlier a schedule of peak periods of dust generating activities in DVRP collaboration with Kalinago Council and the Contractor the See Table 10.2 Reports from the Contractor and DVRP - Arrange for direct to support affected persons/institutions for dealing with the dust increased levels e.g.
-distribution of dust masks regular watering of July 2019 July 2019 Ongoin g DVRP, Ministry of Health Contractor RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 131 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Objectives Mitigation Indicator/Measu re Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Verification Sources Status dusty areas Ongoin g To Maintain and improve the appeal aesthetic and biodiversity – flora and fauna in the affected area Extent to which any likely negative impact flora and on fauna is minimized and addressed Plan for maintaining /restoring the aesthetics in affected is areas accepted by communitie s -explore all viable alternative project designs key -Involve stakeholders in affected areas on a planning committee to draw up a beautification plan May 2019 June 2019 DVRP/ Forestry Division, Kalinago Council To community negative impacts, optimising potential impacts minimize wide social while the positive Complaints by residents of being crowded out of the labour markets No substantiat ed complaints May 2019 June 2019 - Negotiate with the Contractor, based on a register of construction skills / labour available in the communities, local to promote employment where feasible - Implement a public education on campaign ‘;;;;; 132 in DVRP collaboration with Kalinago Council the See RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 -DVRP records of consultations held with community members Records DVRP of Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Objectives Mitigation Indicator/Measu re Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Verification Sources Status potential health risks of labour influx -Develop workplace protocols also designed to curb at risk behaviour Issue standards - for accommodation - Ensure that food caterers are certified DVRP supported by of Ministry Health and Social Services DVRP DVRP, Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Tourism, DHTA Table10.2 See Table 10.2 See Table 10.2 B.
Objectives During Operation the To promote safety of road users Number of RTAs Zero increase Develop implement speed strategy following areas: and a reduction the in Dec. 2019 Ongoin g Traffic Department of Records Police stations in the area - signage - speed bumps Coordinate the DVRP RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 133 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Risk Objectives Mitigation Indicator/Measu re Target Strategic Initiatives Time Frame By Whom Resources Verification Sources Status Increase patrols policemen in by Zero increase manpower in of efforts the Ministry of Health Traffic the and in Department addressing the issue a Develop synergistic to approach road enhancing safety compliance measures across all 4 road segments through: Dec. 2019 Ongoin g Traffic Department Police stations in the area contain hikes safety To expenditure on compliance measures road ‘;;;;; 134 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan 15.
SKILLS TEMPLATE DVRP EASTERN ROADS PROJECT SKILLS AUDIT Skill Category No.
Name Age Gender Labourer/ Mason Carpenter Unskilled Steel Bender Equipment Operator Truck Driver RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 135 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan ‘;;;;; 136 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan APPENDIX 1.- BEST PRACTICES TO BE APPLIED BY CONTRACTORS RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 137 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 1: Best practices to be applied by contractors  CONTENTS 1.

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 7 2.

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ................... 8 3.

GENERAL SAFETY AND CONVENIENCE OF THE PUBLIC ............................................ 9 4.
MITIGATION MEASURES DURING LAND CLEARING, EARTHWORKS AND SLOPE STABILISATION ................................................................................................................. 10 4.1.

CLEARING AND EARTHWORKS PROPOSED .............................................................. 10 4.2.
POSSIBLE IMPACTS....................................................................................................... 10 IMPACT MITIGATION ...................................................................................................... 10 4.3.

4.3.1.

Planning and supervision of the works .............................................................. 10 4.3.2.

Awareness ......................................................................................................... 11 4.3.3.
Delineate the works ........................................................................................... 11 4.3.4.

Material removal and disposal ........................................................................... 11 4.3.5.

Slope stability ..................................................................................................... 11 4.3.6.

Drainage ............................................................................................................ 12 4.3.7.
Monitoring .......................................................................................................... 13 4.3.8.

Guidance for sediment control structures .......................................................... 13 4.3.8.1.

Woody debris .................................................................................... 13 4.3.8.2.

Sediment traps ................................................................................. 14 4.3.8.3.
Silt fences ......................................................................................... 15 4.3.9.

Chance Finds Procedure (CFP) ........................................................................ 18 5.

MITIGATION MEASURES DURING CONSTRUCTION WORK IN WATER COURSES .. 20 5.1.

PROPOSED WORKS IN WATERCOURSES .................................................................. 20 5.2.

METHODS FOR ISOLATION OF WORKS AREA ........................................................... 20 5.2.1.
Partial isolation (coffer dam) .............................................................................. 21 5.2.2.

Partial isolation (caisson) ................................................................................... 22 5.2.3.

Full isolation temporary diversion channel......................................................... 22 5.2.4.

Full isolation gravity/flume pipe .......................................................................... 23 5.2.5.
Full isolation Over pumping (siphon) ................................................................. 23 Isolation with silt curtain ..................................................................................... 24 5.2.6.

5.3.

REINSTATEMENT OF BEDS AND BANKS UPON COMPLETION ................................ 24 6.

MITIGATION OF NOISE AND DUST RISKS ..................................................................... 25 7.
MITIGATION OF POLLUTION FROM SOLID AND LIQUID WASTE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS/WASTES ....................................................................................................... 26 7.1.

GENERAL ........................................................................................................................ 26 7.2.

SOLID WASTE ................................................................................................................. 26 7.3.
WASTEWATER ................................................................................................................ 26 7.4.

FUELS AND OILS ............................................................................................................ 27 7.5.

CHEMICALS .................................................................................................................... 28 8.
MEASURES TO MINIMIZE DEPLETION OF FINITE/NON-RENEWABLE NATURAL RESOURCES ...................................................................................................................... 30 9.

GOOD PRACTICE FOR INSTALLATION OF SMALL CULVERT CROSSINGS ............. 31 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP1-Ed02 i Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 1: Best practices to be applied by contractors  CONTENTS 9.1.
SMALL CULVERT INSTALLATION ................................................................................. 31 9.2.

CULVERT INSTALLATION REQUIRING STREAM DIVERSION ................................... 31 10.

MITIGATION MEASURES DURING INSTALLATION OF TEMPORARY RIVER CROSSINGS ....................................................................................................................... 33 11.

MITIGATION MEASURES FOR SPOIL DISPOSAL SITES .............................................. 34 11.1.
LOCATIONS OF SPOIL DISPOSAL SITES .................................................................... 34 11.2.

MITIGATION MEASURES TO BE INSTITUTED ............................................................. 34 12.

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES TO BE INSTITUTED ........................................................ 36 ii RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP1-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 1: Best practices to be applied by contractors Acronyms and Abbreviations AFSCME American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees ESHS Environmental Social Health and Safety Cap.

CEP CFP Ch.
CIMH CITES Chapter Consulting Engineers Partnership Chance Find Procedures Chainage Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology UN Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CPR Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation DOMLEC Dominica Electricity Services DOWASCO Dominica Water and Sewage Corporation DVRP Disaster Vulnerability Reduction Project ECU EC$ EHD EHO EIA EMF EMP FAD FP GCF GOD GRM H:V H&S Environmental Coordinating Unit Eastern Caribbean Dollars Environmental Health Department Environmental Health Officer Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental Management Framework Environmental Management Plan Fish Aggregating Device Flashpoint Green Climate Fund Government of the Commonwealth of Dominica Greivance Redress Mechanism Horizontal:Vertical Health and Safety HEC-RAS Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System HGV IPP ITCP IUCN LHS Heavy Goods Vehicle Innovation Policy Platform Internal traffic control plan International Union for Conservation of Nature Left Hand Side RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP1-Ed02 iii Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 1: Best practices to be applied by contractors LMCC Lorry Mounted Crash Cushions MEA MOA Multilateral Environmental Agreement Ministry of Agriculture MSDS Material Safety Data Sheets NA NGO NIOSH NLUP No.
NPDP OECS OH&S OP/BP OSH PCU PCR PMC RPF PSC PRO Not Applicable Non-governmental Organisation National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health National Land Use Policy Number Dominica National Physical Development Plan Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States Occupational Health and Safety Operational Procedures/Bank Procedures Safe Work Method Statements Occupational Safety and Health Project Coordinating Unit Physical Cultural Resources Project Management/Monitoring Committee Resettlement Policy Framework Project steering Committee Public Relations Officer POPs Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants PPE RHS SIA SLM SNC SRO STEL SWMS TCP TNC TOR Personal Protective Equipment Right Hand Side Social Impact Assessment Sustainable Land Management Second National Communication Statutory Rules and Orders Short Term Exposure Limit Safe Work Method Statement Traffic Control Principles Third National Communication Terms of Reference UNCLOS UN Convention of Law of the Sea iv RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP1-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 1: Best practices to be applied by contractors UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific ad Cultural Organisation US$ VI VS WHS Ø United States Dollars Vertical Interval Vetiver Systems Work, Health and Safety Diameter RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP1-Ed02 v Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 1: Best practices to be applied by contractors 1.
INTRODUCTION The following best practices are recommended for the construction of the rehabilitated Dominica East Coast Road, for environmental impact mitigation.

Occupational Health and Safety considerations are contained in a stand-alone document in response to the project TOR that required a safety manual for workers.

A Temporary Traffic Management Plan has also been prepared as a stand-alone document as required in the TOR (see Appendix 2 to this EMP).
All relevant regulatory requirements, design requirements and specifications should be complied with.

The Contractor is required to prepare the following, that should be guided by, among other things, the contents of this and the above-mentioned documents: 1.

Works programme 2.

Method statement 3.

ESHS Policy to guide ESHS performance during works implementation 4.

Code of Conduct 5.

Construction drainage plan in accordance with requirements outlined in Section 4.3.6 below 6.
Safety statement, Work Health and Safety (WHS) Management Plan and Safe Work Method Statements (SWMS) 7.

Emergency response plan 8.

Traffic management plan All of these outputs should be approved by the Client before site clearance commences.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP1-Ed02 7 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 1: Best practices to be applied by contractors 2.

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 1.
The Contractor is to take all reasonable steps to protect the environment on- and off-site, and to avoid damage or nuisance to persons or property arising from pollution, noise or other issues arising as a consequence of contractor methods of operation, including the following: a.

Employ relevant qualified and experienced ESHS personnel to ensure that the ESHS requirements of the project are adhered to during works implementation.

b.
b.

Ensure that all relevant consents and permits for proposed aspects of the work are in place before that work commences.

c. Ensure that works do not encroach beyond the designated project boundary unless there are mitigating circumstances that warrant this, and the works supervisor has clearly outlined the conditions under which such Works may proceed.

d. Incorporate environmental and other issues into the agenda of regular meetings with workers.
e. Order immediate suspension or a halt to any activity which is causing, or is likely to cause significant environmental damage, and commit to make good any such damage at his expense, in accordance with the instructions of the relevant authorities.
f. Require the immediate and permanent dismissal from site of any member of the workforce who is committing or has committed acts prejudicial to the environment including theft or interference with property, washing of tools in the watercourses and offensive behavior.

g. Give all construction workers and persons on site specific instructions not to harm birds and reptiles and allow the animals to retreat into the forests and other natural habitats.
h. Provide and enforce worker use of appropriate, accessible toilet facilities and of appropriate, accessible solid waste disposal facilities.

2.

The Contractor is to be held responsible at his own cost for taking immediate remedial action and payment of compensation for any environmental damage resulting from his actions.

8 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP1-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 1: Best practices to be applied by contractors 3.
GENERAL SAFETY AND CONVENIENCE OF THE PUBLIC Aside from measures to be instituted to ensure worker and public safety as outlined in the Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan (Appendix 3 to this EMP), and to safely minimise traffic interruptions through the work site as outlined in the Temporary Traffic Management Plan (Appendix 2 to this EMP), the Contractor is required to: 1.
Carry out all works so as not to interfere unnecessarily or improperly with the convenience of the public, or access to and use and occupation of public or private roads and footpaths.

2.

Adopt every reasonable means to prevent damage to roads or bridges beyond the project boundary, by contractor or subcontractor traffic.

The Developer will be held liable by the Ministry of Public Works for any repairs required to any damage to road infrastructure beyond the project boundary during construction.
The Chief Engineer is to be notified to provide advice prior to any such repairs being undertaken.

3.

Carry out all haulage using vehicles of types and capacities appropriate to task and comply with gross vehicle weight restrictions imposed by the Ministry of Public Works and all laws and regulations pertaining to vehicle use on public roads.

4.

Move heavy equipment to the work site with traffic assistants to ensure that the safety of motorists and other road users is not compromised.

5.
5.

Transport tracked equipment to site on appropriate transporters; do not permit these to track directly on the road pavement.

6.

Comply with speed restrictions.

7.

Parking along the public roadway must not increase hazards associated with the works.

8.

No materials shall be stockpiled so that they encroach on, or in any way adversely affect operation of, sections of roadway which are in use by the public.

9.

Confine all works to within the project boundary.

10.
10.

Avoid full road closures at bridge works as reasonably possible, through a number of possible measures: i.

Using route detours; Alternative access roads are limited, but where they exist, they should be used for the duration of the stream crossings re-/construction period.

ii.

continuing to use the existing bridge until the replacement bridge has been completed; iii.

maintaining a lane width across the existing bridge while works are undertaken on the remainder; iv.
providing a temporary river crossing during works on the existing bridge.

Temporary by-pass roads that ford the river at river crossings are to be a last resort.

This will in most instances be impractical due to the steep cross fall gradients of the site, and will result in huge negative impacts on the sensitive environment.
Refer to the Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan (Appendix 3 to this EMP) and the Temporary Traffic Management Plan (Appendix 2 to this EMP) for further information.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP1-Ed02 9 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 1: Best practices to be applied by contractors 4.

MITIGATION MEASURES DURING LAND CLEARING, EARTHWORKS AND SLOPE STABILISATION 4.1.
CLEARING AND EARTHWORKS PROPOSED The road will have to be widened in many areas, requiring the following: 1.

Strips of vegetation and topsoil will be permanently removed along the existing road sides.

2.

The slope above the road will be excavated, drained and stabilized through vegetative and non- vegetative means.

3.
3.

New surface and sub-surface drains will have to be installed along the widened road alignment at the toe of the slope, to control storm water run-off from the areas upslope, and to collect and divert storm water away from the road surface at regular intervals.

4.

Fill material will be placed in specified downslope locations.

4.2.

POSSIBLE IMPACTS Earthworks can lead to adverse environmental effects, in particular the risk of erosion and sedimentation.
Cut and fill batters, drains and ditches, roadside berms and culvert inlets are all prone to erosion, especially if they are constructed from light, mobile material and/or are located in areas with high intensity rainfall.

Clearing and earthworks, if not properly managed, may creep beyond the designated project boundary, encroaching on public or private lands.

Note that health and safety aspects are addressed in the Preliminary OSH plan contained in Appendix 3.

4.3.
4.3.

IMPACT MITIGATION The following guidance should be followed during construction for mitigation of adverse earthworks impacts: 4.3.1.

Planning and supervision of the works 1.

Use appropriately trained personnel for the planning, design, supervision and construction of earthworks.

2.

Clearly delineate project boundaries (see section 4.3.3 below), and sensitise equipment operators and other workers of the requirement to remain within these for all aspects of the works.

3.
3.

Comply with all design requirements and specifications for earthworks and slope stabilisation.

4.

Select machinery appropriately for the intended job.

Sometimes it is best to forego operational efficiency and substitute a different, less efficient machine for an improved outcome e.g.

use an excavator to shift and carefully place material rather than use a dozer which has less control over the material.

5.

Use experienced earthworks operators in steep, challenging areas.

6.
6.

Stage construction so that the area of disturbed ground that is prone to erosion at any one time is minimised.

7.

Undertake all vegetation clearing in a phased manner in accordance with the approved construction programme to minimise large barren open areas for long periods before construction activities will commence, to minimise the possibility of soil erosion.
Large tracts of barren soil will either cause dust pollution or quickly erode and then cause sedimentation wash- aways into the lower portions of the catchment.

10 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP1-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 1: Best practices to be applied by contractors 8.

Time vegetation removal in sensitive areas to avoid sensitive periods of the year (e.g.

bird nesting season), to the extent possible.

9.


Construct earthworks when conditions are suitable.

10.

Where fresh earthworks have the potential to erode and deliver sediment to sensitive receiving environments, and re-vegetation is specified, this must be done as quickly as possible.

11.

Minimise the earthworks disturbance area, and the volume of disturbed material.

12.

If possible, avoid any areas that are wet, or that have steep, unstable or fragile soils.

13.
13.

Backfill and grade excavated areas as quickly as possible.

Use cut material or recycled demolition waste from elsewhere on site where appropriate.

14.

Stabilise exposed areas as soon as practicable after construction.

15.

Re-vegetate cleared areas as quickly as possible, using approved species.

16.

Use existing (paved) roads to the extent possible to minimize sediment generation by equipment tracking through the site.

17.
17.

Locate areas of high pollution risk away from water courses and drainage paths.

These include material stockpiles.

No materials shall be stockpiled so that they result in siltation or blockage of drains.

18.

Ensure supervisors regularly visit to clearly control the extent of clearing and earthworks.

4.3.2.

Awareness 1.

Make all construction personnel aware of the environmental values and the required mitigation measures.

4.3.3.

Delineate the works 1.


Limit land disturbance - minimise clearing and grubbing of natural vegetated areas and topsoil removal.

2.

Mark the top of the cut and the bottom of the fill along the proposed road location to establish the road line clearing width.

3.

Ensure equipment operation or earthworks activity occurs behind the defined buffer zone and does not migrate outside the intended zone into sensitive or protective areas.

4.

Mark the trees to be removed.

5.


Protect watercourses by maintaining a vegetation buffer or using methods to reduce sediment entering the stream.

6.

Maintain setbacks of laydown and spoil disposal areas, from riverbanks and the coastline to minimise impacts on aquatic and marine environments.

4.3.4.

Material removal and disposal 1.

Remove any trees, stumps, or other vegetation from the site or place them on the down slope side of the intended formation.

2.
2.

Strip off the topsoil, and either remove it or place it over any stumps (do not use this material as fill).

3.

Do not dispose of removed vegetation in water courses, and prevent debris from vegetation removal operations from falling into the water.

4.

Where space safely permits, load excavated material directly onto a truck for cartage and placement in the spoil disposal area, to avoid double handling and erosion of spoil heaps in the vicinity of the works.

4.3.5.

Slope stability 1.


The following procedure will allow machine operators to correctly place cut slopes: RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP1-Ed02 11 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 1: Best practices to be applied by contractors ‐ Starting at the top of the cut slope, excavate the material and place it elsewhere as fill or load it into trucks for haul to disposal.

If necessary, temporarily stockpile and remove.


Excavate until the desired batter slope, road grade and width is obtained.

‐ Cut material can be pushed or ‘drifted’ in front of the blade to areas where fill is needed, for example to cover culverts or build up flat areas.

(Note that side casting of cut soil onto steep slopes without compaction is not best practice where there is potential for this material to erode and release sediment into streams.)
‐ Fill needs to be spread and compacted in layers to ensure it is stable and has sufficient strength for road formation.

2.

Stabilise earthworks through: ‐ Compaction of fill material ‐ Benching ‐ Correct cut and fill angles including benched cut slopes ‐ Appropriate water control e.g.

cutoff drains above the works area ‐ Minimising rilling through increasing runoff intercept by spreading of hay and slash on the exposed soil surface, oversowing, etc.
‐ Construction of engineered stabilisation structures (gabion baskets, retaining walls etc.)

3.

Where steep areas exist, especially at fill embankments, minimize erosion and sedimentation into water courses through effective stabilisation (e.g.

by using Gabion cages and/or Reno mattresses) and re-vegetation of any disturbed riverbanks, especially at fresh embankment cuts near stream crossings.

4.3.6.

Drainage 1.

A temporary drainage plan is required of the Contractor for the construction phase.
The drainage plan should integrate strategies to effectively minimise erosion, control sediment and protect water resources.

The following principles should be followed to minimize the volume of contaminated runoff generated: ‐ Divert clean water away from exposed soils and working areas.

‐ Minimise erosion of exposed soils.

‐ Prevent contaminated water from entering water courses untreated.

2.

Shape the road camber to allow effective drainage.

3.
3.

Establish and maintain temporary drainage and sediment control during and after the 4. construction period, until the site has stabilized.

Install perimeter controls in the form of diversion drains, silt fences or earth bunds on the upstream perimeter of the works and elsewhere as required, to keep clean runoff from entering exposed earthwork areas.

Drains should be lined with a non-erodible material such as geotextile.

5.

Construct bunds around exposed soils.


Bunds should be made of non-erodible material such as straw bales or geotextile.

6.

Avoid directing lots of water into one place.

7.

Cut off or redirect water as often as possible.

8.

Ensure runoff is directed away from exposed steep slopes like fill slopes.

9.

Ensure water is directed onto stable ground.

10.

Avoid directing sediment-laden water into streams.

Utilise sediment control structures as described below.

11.
11.

Use vegetated swales where possible to slow and infiltrate water and trap pollutants in soil where they can be naturally destroyed.

12.

Where appropriate, use retention devices such as silt traps to capture site run-off so that sediment can settle.

How this occurs will vary from site to site.

It may be difficult to find and maintain suitable sites for collection and retention of run-off in a road construction environment.
12 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP1-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 1: Best practices to be applied by contractors 13.

Maintain temporary drainage systems.

14.

Maintain silt traps as required.

15.

Minimise ponding of water that may encourage mosquito breeding.

4.3.7.

Monitoring 1.

Monitor aquatic and coastal water quality parameters.

Halt work in the event monitored turbidity and sediment levels exceed pre-determined levels.

2.
2.

Monitor water quality at spring water sources traditionally used by the Kalinago people, at Gaulette River, St Cyre, Crayfish River and Bataka, for the duration of Works upstream of these locations.

4.3.8.

Guidance for sediment control structures Sediment control structures help lower the amount of suspended sediment in the water.

This is done through filtering or settling.

Slash and silt fences help filter out sediment whereas sediment traps help settle sediment.

4.3.8.1.
4.3.8.1.

Woody debris Woody debris can be an effective filter because it slows the speed of the water and traps fine material within the vegetation.

These have the advantage of often being plentiful and free.

They also help grass and weeds grow by providing cover and helping the water filter into the soil.

Vegetation generally provides the best long-term solution.

It can also be used in combination with other water control methods.

Some images of how it may be used are provided below.

Figure 1.
Figure 1.

Examples of use of woody debris for sediment control RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP1-Ed02 13 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 1: Best practices to be applied by contractors 4.3.8.2.

Sediment traps Sediment traps are pits or ponds that slow the water giving the sediment time to settle.
Where there is potential for storm water to transport significant amounts of sediment from the roadworks and spoil disposal sites, sediment traps may be a useful option to reduce the amount of sediment that is moved off-site.

Make these as deep as possible as they fill in rapidly.

The trap works by reducing the water flow velocity, allowing soil particles to drop and settle on the bottom.
However, only the large sediment particles are removed, and trap becomes the ineffective when full, requiring periodic extraction of material.

A typical sediment trap design is provided opposite.

Sediment traps should only be used for short periods, until works are complete and planting of trees and grasses in the catchment above prevents soil erosion.

They should not be used as a permanent means of sedimentation control.
To be effective, sediment traps need to be large enough to allow sediment particles to settle.

A sediment trap should be located close to the source of the sedimentation, but should not be located in a natural water channel, or a side drain.

Consider safety and health when locating sediment traps as they can be a significant hazard.

Some images of sediment traps in use are provided below.

14 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP1-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 1: Best practices to be applied by contractors Figure 2. images of sediment traps in use 4.3.8.3.

Silt fences Silt fences are barriers that act as a filter, trapping silt and soil on the surface of the fence while letting water pass through.

An advantage is that they reduce the velocity of the water flow thereby helping to control erosion and scouring.

They are another tool to prevent mobilised soil from moving outside the earthworks construction area.
Silt fences are most likely to be used at the toe of an embankment slope, along the bank of a sensitive stream or at the downstream end of an erodible earth cut or fill.

They are usually made from geosynthetic fabric.

Alternatively, small straw or hay bales can be staked in the path of flowing water.

Silt fences RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP1-Ed02 15 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 1: Best practices to be applied by contractors should always be constructed before beginning of the earthworks, and removed once sedimentation levels have dropped.

They should not be used as a permanent means of sedimentation control.

Some typical methods of erecting silt fences are depicted below.

16 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP1-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 1: Best practices to be applied by contractors Figure 3.
Typical methods of erecting silt fences Images of silt fencing in various uses are provided below.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP1-Ed02 17 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 1: Best practices to be applied by contractors Figure 4 .Images of silt fencing in various uses 4.3.9.
Chance Finds Procedure (CFP) Physical cultural resources include monuments, structures, works of art, or sites of significance, and are defined as sites and structures having archaeological, historical, architectural, or religious significance, and natural sites with cultural values.

This includes cemeteries, graveyards and graves.

The proposed works will be undertaken near a protected forest area in Segment 1 and through the Kalinago territory in Segment 4.
Mitigation messures to reduce posible impacts are recommended elsewhere in relation to these.

Consultations and field investigations during the design phase have not identified any other known or possible sites of physical cultural resources (PCR) that could be directly affected by planned project activities.

However, there is a possibility that project activities may result in damage to physical cultural resources (PCR) unless these are identified early.
If sites of cultural value are found during the course of the works, the following Chance Find Procedures (CFP) for identification, protection from theft, and treatment of discovered artifacts should be included in the bid documents and followed by the contractor, project supervisor, and all responsable local authorities: Immediately stop the construction activities in the area of the chance find;   Delineate the discovered site or area;  Secure the site to prevent any damage or loss of removable objects.
 Notify the project supervisor who in turn will notify the PCU;  PCU and responsible local authorities are to assume responsibility for protecting and preserving the site while deciding on appropriate next steps.

18 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP1-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 1: Best practices to be applied by contractors  Decisions on how to handle the finding shall be taken by the responsible authorities and the client agency within 72 hours of notification of the PCU.

This could include changes in the Project layout, conservation, preservation, restoration and/or salvage.
 Requirements stipulated by the responsable authorities for handling of the finding shall be communicated in writing by the PCU to the Contractor within 5 working days of notification of the PCU.

 Construction work may resume only after written permission is given by the PCU.

Relevant findings will be recorded in World Bank Supervision Reports and Implementation Completion Reports will assess the overall effectiveness of the project’s cultural property mitigation and management activities.
RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP1-Ed02 19 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 1: Best practices to be applied by contractors 5.

MITIGATION MEASURES DURING CONSTRUCTION WORK IN WATER COURSES 5.1.

PROPOSED WORKS IN WATERCOURSES Several aspects of the proposed work will occur within water courses.

These include the following: 1.

Erection of temporary bridges to bypass the works on existing bridges.

2.

Demolition and removal of existing bridges.

1.


Construction of foundations for new bridges and ancillary structures (abutments, wing walls).

The bedrock material of the stream crossings will be disturbed to allow for a wider stream crossing and stable and level foundation conditions, with good sub-surface drainage below the new storm water infrastructure.

3.

Dredging of the watercourse.

4.


Side backfill material will be imported and placed as required to smooth out steep gradients, and to conform to the new road alignment.

5.

Concrete walls or stone-filled gabion cages may be constructed to form new head walls and wing walls, to protect the new storm water box culvert structures from under scouring, and to prevent erosion of fill embankments on the downstream side, during rainfall events.

6.
6.

Selected inlet and outlet flow paths at stream crossings will be lined with cemented stone pitch work, where the flow velocities are too high, to create energy dissipating recesses, in order to reduce flow velocities.

7.

Bank protection works (rip rap, gabion baskets, Reno mattresses, etc.)

up- and down- stream of bridges and culverts.

Responsible environmental practices must be adopted and implemented during the construction stages.
The following aspects must be adopted as part of the construction methodology and should be captured in the Method Statement to be developed by the Contractor.

5.2.

METHODS FOR ISOLATION OF WORKS AREA Where engineering works are carried out in or on the banks of rivers or ditches, it is often necessary to isolate and de-water the work area to create dry working conditions.

Isolation of the works area reduces the risk of sediment entering the water body.

1.
1.

If temporary works in or on the banks of rivers or other water bodies are unavoidable, choose the isolation method that causes the least disturbance to the water body but provides the highest level of pollution protection.

2.

Segregate the works and isolate the active area using a partial coffer dam or caisson.

Less desirable alternatives are a full barrier combined with: a. a temporary diversion channel b.

A gravity/flume pipe, or c. Over-pumping The isolated area can then be dewatered.

3.
3.

As well as the initial de-watering, most of the isolation methods are likely to require continual or intermittent de-watering due to ingress of surface water, seepage or groundwater.

Options for isolation of the work area within the river bed are depicted below (extracted from SEPA, 2011).

20 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP1-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 1: Best practices to be applied by contractors 5.2.1.
Partial isolation (coffer dam) Figure 5.

Partial isolation (coffer dam) Figure 6.

Steel piled cofferdam Using this method, a partial area of the channel is isolated and kept dry using barriers.

Flow is allowed to continue in the remainder of the channel.
Barriers may be made from a number of different materials:   sandbag barriers; specialist dam structures (water filled membrane or frame (steel, timber or concrete) with impervious membrane);  gravel, clay or earth bunds;  steel, timber, concrete or plastic piled cofferdams.

Factors affecting choice of cofferdam material include:  water depth;  available space;  duration of works;  bed conditions;  accessibility;  potential ingress of water;  potential impact on the water environment.

1.
1.

Do not de-water the works area directly into the adjacent surface water.

Treat it before discharge.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP1-Ed02 21 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 1: Best practices to be applied by contractors 2.

Carefully remove exposed bed materials from the works area, and stockpile it safely for later reinstatement.

3.

Upon works completion, remove all materials, debris, tools, plant and equipment from the work area.

4.
4.

Check for spillages or potential pollution sources and remove or cleanup as required.

5.

Re-water the work area before removing the coffer dam to avoid sudden water Ingress.

Screen the pump intake to prevent intake of fish or other animals.

5.2.2.

Partial isolation (caisson) Figure 7.


Partial isolation (caisson) Similar to coffer dams, a caisson is essentially large boxes or cylinders (usually precast concrete and steel) open at both top and bottom, and lowered into the water to isolate an area of bed.

Caissons are relatively expensive and generally only used for construction in deep water.

5.2.3.

Full isolation temporary diversion channel Figure 8.
Full isolation temporary diversion channel A whole section of the channel is isolated and kept dry.

Water is transferred downstream of the works by excavating a temporary open channel.

22 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP1-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 1: Best practices to be applied by contractors 5.2.4.

Full isolation gravity/flume pipe Figure 9.

Full isolation gravity/flume pipe Figure 10.


Sandbag barrier and gravity fed pipe and Figure 18 full isolation of channel by gravity flume A whole section of channel is isolated using barriers that span the full river width.

This keeps a stretch of river dry, and water is transferred downstream through gravity fed flumes/pipes.
The flume is normally placed on the bed through the works area, and outfalls at the downstream barrier (if present), or far enough downstream to prevent water backing up into the works.

5.2.5.

Full isolation Over pumping (siphon) Figure 11.

Full isolation Over pumping (siphon) RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP1-Ed02 23 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 1: Best practices to be applied by contractors Figure 12.
Full isolation of channel by over pumping A whole section of the channel is isolated using barriers that span the full width of the river.

This keeps a stretch of the river dry and water is transferred downstream of the works by mechanical assistance (pumping or siphon).

The pump and associated pipework need not be located in the isolated area.

5.2.6.

Isolation with silt curtain Figure 13.


Isolation with silt curtain In this case the works area remains wet and a silt curtain is placed around the works area to minimise sediment being transferred downstream.

5.3.

REINSTATEMENT OF BEDS AND BANKS UPON COMPLETION When permanent works are complete, the bed and banks of rivers should be appropriately reinstated.

1.

Undertake surveys before the works commence so the site may be reinstated to its pre-works condition, and for monitoring purposes.
Surveys should include: a.

Photographs b. c. d. Watercourse information Information on existing vegetation Information on existing habitat 2.

Allow adequate time and resources in the work program for reinstating and clearing up the site.

3.

Remove all construction waste, contaminated soil, excess materials and equipment.

4.

After reinstatement, the channel should have the same cross section and bank slope.

Native, locally sourced vegetation should be reestablished.

5.

Avoid exposed soils.

6.


Reinstate the bed material removed from the pre-works site, to the original bed profile.

24 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP1-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 1: Best practices to be applied by contractors 6.

MITIGATION OF NOISE AND DUST RISKS 1.

Take measures to minimise dust, noise and vibration generation.

2.
2.

Refer also to dust and noise control measures contained within the Temporary Traffic Management Plan (Appendix 2 to this EMP).

3.

Restrict working hours.

Where activities take place outside the hours of 7am to 6.30 pm, adopt appropriate measures to reduce noise levels.

No construction work should be conducted within 200 m of any occupied building outside of these hours.

4.

Keep records of complaints and actions taken in response.

5.
5.

Preferentially locate material stockpiles that have potential to generate dust, in locations that may be protected from wind by topography and/or vegetation.

6.

Preferentially locate stockpiles downwind of occupied buildings that could potentially be affected.

7.

Utilise or remove (as appropriate) stockpiled materials as quickly as possible to minimize quantities exposed to wind.

8.

Wet stockpiles, backfilled areas and roads as required to minimize dust generation.

9.
9.

Cover friable materials in stockpiles with a tarpaulin, to minimize dust emissions.

10.

Cover/secure granular/light loads brought on site, and waste materials brought off site by a tarpaulin to minimize dust emissions and blowing of debris off vehicles.

11.

Erect hoarding around laydown areas where there is a risk that neighbouring users may be affected by noise and dust.

12.

Minimise the extent of temporary access roads constructed.

13.
13.

Use existing paved road as far as possible, to access laydown and spoil disposal areas, to minimize dust and sediment generation.

14.

Construct site roads (e.g.

to new bridge or bypass bridge locations) in a manner to minimize mud generation.

15.

Minimise quantum of mud and dust tracked onto the public roadways from the spoil disposal or any other site.

16.

Ensure that trucks are loaded and driven in a manner which does not result in spillage.

Do not overload trucks.


Ensure that all truck tailgates and dropsides are properly secured, there is no overloading of loose materials above truck sides, and all loads are properly secured.

17.

Public roads which have material deposited on them as a result of the developer's activities are to be cleaned and kept free of mud, soil and other materials.

The developer will be responsible, at his own cost, for cleaning up spillages or shed loads without undue delay.

18.
18.

Fit all moveable plant with effective dust suppression equipment and operate and maintain plant in accordance with the manufacturer's manuals.

19.

Fit internal combustion engines with silencers.

20.

Ensure that noise specifications for equipment are compliant with acceptable international standards for the occupational environment.

21.

Avoid operating in ecologically sensitive areas at critical time (e.g.

breeding season of the parrot, in Segment 1).

22.


Inform communities of the proposed timeframe for operations in their area, and avoid working next to schools, churches, health centres and nursing homes at critical times (e.g.

exam time, mass times, clinic times).

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP1-Ed02 25 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 1: Best practices to be applied by contractors 7.
MITIGATION OF POLLUTION FROM SOLID AND LIQUID WASTE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS/WASTES 7.1.

GENERAL 1.

Take all necessary precautions to prevent land and water pollution.

2.

Take particular care when construction activities and operations are carried out in the vicinity of drainage systems and waterways to ensure that pollution does not occur.

3.

Locate areas of high pollution risk away from water courses and drainage paths.
These include material stockpiles, fuel and chemical Storage, refueling areas, vehicle and equipment washing areas, and laydown/site compound/parking areas.

7.2.

SOLID WASTE 1.

Abide by the provisions of the Dominica Solid Waste Management Act No.

1of 2002 and the Litter Act of 1990.

2.


Plan for collection and disposal of solid waste as part of a site management plan, to address the following requirements: a) Size solid waste receptacles on the assumption that solid waste will be carted off site to a b) prescribed schedule.

Implement requirements for provision of adequate non-polluting worksite sanitary facilities including: a.
Provision of a sufficient number of adequate waste receptacles across the site (including appropriate and accessible containment for worker food waste).

b.

Location of suitably sized solid waste receptacles to minimise possible adverse traffic safety, environmental and aesthetic impacts.

c. Do not permit solid waste to enter drainage or coastal waters.

d. Observation of legal requirements for proper containment of the waste.
e. Regular solid waste removal from the site, with transportation to be in compliance with standards set by the Dominica Solid Waste Management Corporation.

Arrange for a daily collection of putrescible waste.

3.

Enforce worker use of appropriate, accessible solid waste disposal facilities.

4.

Prohibit burning of waste on site.

5.

Dispose of solid waste at the approved disposal site.

6.

Reuse and recycle materials where possible.

7.


Keep soil/spoil and green waste separate from other construction waste, to be reused on or near the site where possible, with appropriate sediment control, or taken to approved spoil disposal site or landfill as appropriate.

7.3.

WASTEWATER 1.

Abide by the Environmental Health Service Act No.

8 of 1977 and its Regulations, in the provision of sanitary facilities for workers on site.

2.
2.

Provide adequate non-polluting worksite sanitary facilities and prohibit the use of worksite pit latrines.

3.

Routinely service worksite sanitary facilities in accordance with supplier’s recommendations.

4.

Do not permit raw sewage to enter the drainage or coastal waters.

5.

Require workers to use the non-polluting site sanitary facilities provided.

6.

Workers who refuse to use sanitary facilities are to be subject to dismissal.
26 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP1-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 1: Best practices to be applied by contractors 7.4.

FUELS AND OILS 1.

Take particular care to ensure that fuel tankers1 are loaded and driven in a manner which does not result in spillage.

2.
2.

Adopt pollution prevention measures relating to fuel and oil storage/dispensing arrangements, to prohibit other than emergency maintenance of equipment and vehicles on the site and require usage of spillage trays during on-site refuelling of equipment.

3.

Locate fuel storage away from storm drains and surface water bodies.

Minimise quantities stored.

4.

Contain fuel tanks within secondary containment systems or use double wall construction.

5.

Roof secondary containment to keep out rainfall.


If a discharge port is used on the containment structure, use a spring loaded valve, and only discharge clean water to a grassy swale or other approved site, and not to a water body.

6.

Dispose of waste oils arising from emergency servicing of construction equipment at a facility approved by the Dominica Solid Waste Management Corporation.

7.

Prohibit washing of vehicles, plant and tools in or adjacent to any watercourse.
All washing is to be carried out at designated areas which are provided with oil/grease traps.

8.

Maintain equipment and vehicles over impervious (concreted) areas, in accordance with manufacturer's specifications.

9.

Adopt pollution prevention measures relating to fuel and oil dispensing arrangements as described above.

Use spillage trays during on-site refuelling of equipment.

10.

Dispose of waste oils arising from servicing of equipment at a Corporation-approved facility.

11.
11.

Design and manage fuel dispensing areas to prevent soil and water contamination.

Place fuel dispensers on concrete/asphalt surfaces, and equip them with automatic shutoff mechanisms.

12.

Maintain a sufficient stock of adsorbent and neutralizing material on site to respond to a spill.

13.

In the event of an oil spill, the response should be as follows: - Use personal protective equipment (PPE).

- Secure source of spill with appropriate tools.


- Keep area free of any and all flames, sparks, naked light sources, and excess heat.

- Use sand or sawdust to trap spilled fluids and prevent continued flow.

Secure area with caution tape.

- Scoop excess oil up with bucket and spade or shovel and store it with regular waste oils.

- Use additional sawdust/sand to soak up remaining oil.

- Use shovel to remove topsoil to the extent that oil has penetrated.

Replace with fresh soil or filler material.


- Dump contaminated soil in a compactor or open skip.

Be careful not to put into a container or location near open flames or excessive heat.

14.

Report oil spills to the relevant authorities.

15.
If a spill occurs upstream of any spring that is traditionally used by the Kalinago people (these are located at Gaulette River, St Cyre, Crayfish River and Bataka), the following protocol must be complied with, in addition to those previously outlined: - immediately alert the Kalinago Council, DVRP office and public health authorities 1 Subject to restrictions on quantity of fuel allowed to be stored on site RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP1-Ed02 27 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 1: Best practices to be applied by contractors - - - - - - - - engage in public awareness in collaboration with the DVRP office, with the objective to alert possible users and halt use until further notice; erect a sign at the spring that the source should not be used until further notice; test the water for the pollutant over the conservatively estimated period of time that it may take for the pollutant to migrate from the spill site to the spring location, at a frequency to be agreed with the health authorities depending on the specific circumstances; provide monthly status reports to the public health authorities, copied to the Kalinago Council and DVRP office until the issue is resolved; obtain an all clear from the health authorities once they are satisfied that the issue has been resolved; alert the Kalinago Council and DVRP office of the all clear; engage in public awareness in collaboration with the DVRP office, with the objective to alert possible users that the source is once again safe for traditional use; remove the sign at the spring.
7.5.

CHEMICALS 1.

Take particular care to ensure that concrete mix trucks are loaded and driven in a manner which does not result in spillage.

2.

Prohibit application of fertilisers and pesticides on site.

3.

Minimise solvent use.

4.

Minimise and carefully control use of chemicals.

5.

If chemicals are to be stored on site, storage location of permissible quantities is to be approved by Environmental Health, and appropriate precautions taken.

These include: a.
These include: a.

Construction of a dedicated chemical storage structure to be roofed with a lockable door.

b.

Floor to be of seamless metal or concrete sealed with a chemical- resistant paint.

c. The floor to be equipped with a continuous curb to retain spilled materials.

d. Chemicals not to be stored near burning material or hot work (welding, grinding) or in shop areas.

e. Adequate space and shelving to be provided to properly segregate chemicals.
f. Dry materials to always be placed above liquids, never vice versa.

g. Liquids not to be stored above eye level.

h. Shelving to be made of plastic or reinforced metal.

i.

Appropriate exhaust ventilation and an emergency wash area to be provided.

j.

Procedures in the handling of chemicals or other hazardous material and in event of emergency to be clearly posted on the container.
k. Storage for PPE to be provided where it is easily accessible in the event of emergency, l. but not in the chemical storage area.

Information of chemical locations, contents, appropriate emergency response and other details to be readily accessible to site management, in the event of spill or injury.

m. Maintenance of a sufficient stock of adsorbent and neutralizing material to respond to a spill.

6.

Clearly mark designated storage areas.

7.


Store all chemicals in dedicated spaces that have been built in accordance with the design specifications provided.

8.

Undertake chemical mixing and equipment cleaning of residual in accordance with the label.

9.

Properly dispose (recycle or transport to an appropriate facility) solvents, oils, and other hazardous waste in consultation with the Dominica solid Waste Management Corporation.
28 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP1-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 1: Best practices to be applied by contractors 10.

Reduce the amount of hazardous waste generated through use of alternative solvents or practices.

11.

Assess the level of training and supervision required by staff.

12.

Immediately clean up all spills and dispose of as a potentially hazardous waste.

13.
13.

Immediately report all spills to the appropriate authority(s) - Environmental Health and the Dominica Solid waste Management Corporation.

14.

For spills upstream of springs at Gaulette River, St Cyre, Crayfish River and Bataka that are in use by the Kalinago people, also institute the protocol outlined for oil spills above.

15.

Do not wash equipment unnecessarily.

16.

Clean equipment over an impervious area, that is to be kept swept clean.
RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP1-Ed02 29 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 1: Best practices to be applied by contractors 8.

MEASURES TO MINIMIZE DEPLETION OF FINITE/NON-RENEWABLE NATURAL RESOURCES 1.

Minimise wastage, thereby minimizing requirements for transportation to disposal sites with its attendant impacts.

2.

Reduce haulage requirements by (re-)using materials as described below, as close to the point of generation as possible.

3.
3.

Utilise resources available on site to the extent possible within the standards set, and maximise re-use of waste materials to the extent possible, as approved.
Opportunities include: a) Reuse of approved cut material on site for fill; b) Reuse of asphalt removed from the existing road surface in new asphalt to be applied; c) Use of river stone for gabion baskets, rip rap and water energy dissipation; d) Use of slash and felled trees in bioengineering and erosion control on site; e) Separation of excavated topsoil for use in site landscaping and bioengineering, or to be made available to other interested users in the area; f) Use of rock spoil at spoil site to stabilize the toe of the spoil area, or as surfacing; g) Use of spoil at approved disposal site to improve the end use of the site upon completion of the works; h) Use of bridge demolition material in gabions, riprap, etc.
; i) Provision of steel debris from bridge demolition to recyclers.

4.

Conserve water and power.

30 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP1-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 1: Best practices to be applied by contractors 9.

GOOD PRACTICE FOR INSTALLATION OF SMALL CULVERT CROSSINGS 9.1.

SMALL CULVERT INSTALLATION Culverts must be installed correctly.
Culvert types and installation requirements will vary due to the site, streambed, bank material and stability, flood flows and potential debris.

Most culvert manufacturers provide specifications for installation.

The following are key factors in proper culvert installation: Install culvert pipes as per the pipe manufacturer’s specifications.

1.

2.

Minimise environmental effects including the release of sediment into the stream during construction.

3.

Preferably install with an excavator.

4.


Correctly excavate and prepare the pipe foundation.

This will likely require diversion of the stream.

5.

When constructing the pipe bedding, avoid using large rocks that would apply uneven point loads on the pipe, possibly causing excessive stress in the pipe wall and leading to failure.
In situations where high settlement of underlying ground is expected, it is advisable to crown the pipe bedding slightly upward near the centre of the culvert, so that, after settlement, the pipe will be near the desired grade, rather than having a sag in it.

6.

Ensure that the trench for the pipe installation is at the correct depth and grade so that the inlet and outlet are at stream bed level and so that there is sufficient width for proper compaction at the sides of the pipe during backfilling.

7.
7.

Locate on hard ground, avoid fill.

8.

Ensure culvert trench base is even, compacted and running at the correct gradient along its entire length.

9.

Ensure the pipe will bed into the surface underneath it, preventing water from flowing under the pipe.

10.

Join pipe sections in the trench.

11.

Correctly backfill the pipe in thin layers of suitable soil, paying careful attention to compaction adjacent to the pipe, especially under the haunches of circular pipes.
Flexible culverts (polyethylene, steel or aluminium) are susceptible to deformation and possible collapse if the backfill around the pipe is not uniformly compacted around the full diameter of the pipe.

Compaction of culvert backfill should be in layers using vibrating plate or oscillating plate compactors.

This allows a significant proportion of the applied vertical load to be transferred to the surrounding side fill material.
Rigid culverts, such as concrete pipes or concrete box culverts, have their walls reinforced to carry the load, however, they still require adequate compaction of backfill to ensure there is no leakage along the outside of the pipe, and to avoid future settlement of the pipe backfill.

Large concrete pipes will deform under load if the backfill is not well compacted.

12.

Ensure provision of adequate cover of compacted fill over the pipe.

13.

Ensure the fill batter slopes are not too steep.


It is important that the culvert pipes are long enough to ensure the batter slopes are not steeper than normal earthworks fill slopes (except where specific culvert headwalls or retaining is being provided).

14.

Debris barriers should be considered.

15.

Armour the culvert mouth and exit to above the full pipe diameter.

9.2.
9.2.

CULVERT INSTALLATION REQUIRING STREAM DIVERSION In many instances prior to culvert installation, the stream flow must be temporarily diverted.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP1-Ed02 31 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 1: Best practices to be applied by contractors 1.

Diversion channels, pipes, or flumes should be used to divert the stream so the construction can occur in the original streambed, or adjoining it.
Culvert pipes should never be installed directly into a flowing streambed because proper installation cannot occur.

2.

Consider using a geosynthetic cloth to reduce the release of sediment into the stream if earth channel and bunding is used to divert the stream.

3.
3.

Prior to re-direction of the stream through the installed culvert pipe, any sediment laden water that may have accumulated in the pipe or at its ends, should be pumped out and discharged well clear of the stream into a soakage hole or where it can filter through vegetation or soil before re-entering the stream.

Refer to Section 5.2 for further guidance in this regard.

32 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP1-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 1: Best practices to be applied by contractors 10.

MITIGATION MEASURES DURING INSTALLATION OF TEMPORARY RIVER CROSSINGS A number of temporary river crossings are planned.

These will be single span bailey bridges.

General best practice is summarised below (Refer to SEPA (2011) for more information).

Prevent road run-off from entering watercourse: Pay particular attention to preventing silty or sediment laden run-off from temporary crossings entering watercourses: 1.
The deck should be sealed or lined.

2.

The deck should have an edge upstand (e.g.

steel plate, timber, straw bales, sandbags, geotextile).

3.

The road surface should be on a slight gradient/graded to ensure that surface water is not shed into the watercourse but is routed beyond the top of the river bank into site drainage which has the appropriate form of treatment (See Figure 14).

Figure 14.
Figure 14.

Crossing road graded to shed water to site away from watercourse Reduce risk of erosion: To reduce the risk of bed and bank erosion at the crossing: 1.

Avoid crossings over active areas, particularly on the outside of meander bends; 2.

Make the crossing perpendicular to the river to:  ensure the crossing is as short as possible;  reduce the risk of localised scour at the structure; 3.

Avoid realignment of the river.

Removal of temporary crossings: 1.


Ensure that the crossing is in place for the minimum time necessary.

2.

Reinstate the water course to as close to the pre-installation situation as possible.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP1-Ed02 33 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 1: Best practices to be applied by contractors 11.

MITIGATION MEASURES FOR SPOIL DISPOSAL SITES 11.1.


LOCATIONS OF SPOIL DISPOSAL SITES Spoil disposal sites will have been identified by project designers.

Possible sites are: 1.

Terre Femme 2.

Bois Diables Tarish Pit 3.

Castle BruceWaterfront 4.

East Coast Solid Waste Disposal Site (not identified at the time of writing) 11.2.

MITIGATION MEASURES TO BE INSTITUTED The potential value and utility of these properties should not be compromised by spoil disposal works.
The landowners should be adequately protected by a formal agreement between the contractor and the landowner.

The disposal agreement should be approved and operations supervised by the Client’s representative to this end.

1.

Confirm the proposed end use of the site with the site owner before commencing its development, and comply with requirements set out by the landowner.

2.

Plan operation of sites to avoid construction and traffic delays.
Access to the spoil disposal site should facilitate continued two-way traffic on the public roads.

Single lane construction access should include passing bays at regular intervals, to reduce construction delays.

3.

Control the types of waste disposed (this should be limited to soil and spoil material, and not demolition waste unless specifically agreed with the landowner).

4.

Stabilize and contain of the toe of the material being disposed.
Note that it may be possible to use fallen logs from Hurricane Maria together with vegetative methods upon completion.

5.

Install safety signage for road users (pedestrian and vehicular).

6.

Water control is critical.

Site drainage to minimize quantum of surface water flowing through the site, and to manage site surface flows appropriately to minimize sedimentation downstream of the site is required.
The following should be instituted:  Ensure there is adequate drainage  Provide at least 3% cross-fall so that the surface drains slope from fill slopes, or provide a bund to prevent water from flowing onto fill  Position a cut-off drainage channel on the upslope side of the disposal site to collect and direct water run-off away from the spoil material 7.

At the conclusion of use of the site, install contour drains to capture storm water and direct to a suitable discharge point.

8.
8.

Properly place material to a plan designed to:  Stockpile excavated rock to use as surface material, or as part of a filter layer at the toe of the disposal area.

 Place the least suitable excavated waste where it is least likely to mobilize.

 Ensure adequate compaction of material placed.

 Minimize the amount of mud tracked onto the public road by trucks leaving the site.

34 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP1-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 1: Best practices to be applied by contractors 9.

Minimise quantum of mud and dust tracked onto the public roadways from the spoil disposal site.

10.

Consider using specialized six-wheel drive articulated dump trucks that can drive on soft wet ground without the need for aggregate.

11.

Remediate finished areas in accordance with agreed requirements of the landowner.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP1-Ed02 35 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 1: Best practices to be applied by contractors 12.

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES TO BE INSTITUTED 1.

At the project planning stage it is essential to think through the possible incidents and emergencies which could arise during construction works and plan accordingly (risk assessments).

These may include:  pollution incidents – spillages, failure of temporary works, slope collapse, vandalism, fire, etc;  extreme weather events – heavy rainfall, flooding, high winds.

 Accidents.

2.
 Accidents.

2.

Put in place an emergency response plan on site with a procedure for dealing with emergencies and communicate this procedure to all site staff before works commence.

This plan must be approved by the client before works commencement.

3.

Site staff responsible for taking action in emergencies must be:  aware of their responsibilities;  trained in the appropriate response and must know how to use the necessary equipment such as spill control equipment and shut-off valves.

4.
4.

Refer also to the preliminary occupational health and safety plan for the project, for further information on emergency response requirements.

36 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP1-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan APPENDIX 2.- TEMPORARY TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PLAN RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 139 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan  CONTENTS 1.
INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 7 1.1.

GENERAL PRINCIPLES ..................................................................................................................... 7 1.2.

ASSUMPTIONS .................................................................................................................................. 7 1.3.
TERMS AND DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................................ 7 2.

RESPONSIBILITIES FOR DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PLAN................................................................................................................... 12 2.1.

SITE RELEVANT INFORMATION ..................................................................................................... 12 2.2.
ROLE OF THE PROJECT DESIGNER IN TEMPORARY TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT ......................... 12 2.3.

ROLE OF THE CONTRACTOR IN TEMPORARY TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT .................................. 13 2.3.1.

Detailed Planning for Traffic Control .......................................................................... 13 2.3.2.

Internal Traffic Control Plan Design (ITCP) ................................................................. 13 2.3.3.
Internal Traffic Control Plan (ITCP) Implementation ................................................. 14 2.3.4.

Worker Apparel .............................................................................................................. 15 2.3.5.

Flaggers ........................................................................................................................... 15 2.3.6.

Dissemination of Project Information to Relevant Authorities and the Public ..... 15 2.3.7.
Illumination, guards and fencing ................................................................................ 16 2.4.

ROLE OF THE PROJECT SUPERVISOR IN TEMPORARY TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT ..................... 16 3.

TRAFFIC SIGNS AND OTHER TRAFFIC CONTROL MEASURES ...................................................... 17 3.1.

3.1.3.
3.1.3.

Regulatory and Warning Signs ................................................................... 20 Information Signs .......................................................................................... 20 TRAFFIC SIGNS ............................................................................................................................... 17 3.1.1.
General ........................................................................................................................... 17 3.1.2.

Sign sizes and Legibility ................................................................................................. 20 3.1.2.1.

3.1.2.2.

Sign Location .................................................................................................................. 21 3.1.3.1.
General Principles ........................................................................................ 21 3.1.3.2.

Siting ............................................................................................................... 21 3.1.3.3.

Placement..................................................................................................... 22 3.1.3.4.

Mounting Height .......................................................................................... 22 3.1.3.5.
Orientation .................................................................................................... 22 3.1.3.6.

Surroundings ................................................................................................. 22 Sign Mounting ................................................................................................................. 24 3.2.

3.1.4.

LANE DELINEATION AND DELINEATION DEVICES ...................................................................... 24 3.2.1.
Cones and Cylinders ..................................................................................................... 25 3.2.2.

Barriers ............................................................................................................................. 25 3.3.

TRUCK MOUNTED ATTENUATORS OR LORRY MOUNTED CRASH CUSHIONS (LMCC) .......... 25 4.

DESIGN OF THE TEMPORARY TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT LAYOUT (STATIC OPERATIONS) ........... 26 4.1.
GENERAL ........................................................................................................................................ 26 4.2.

BASIC SPACE CONSIDERATIONS ................................................................................................. 26 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 i Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan  CONTENTS 4.3.
LANE WIDTH, WORKSITE LENGTH AND DISTANCE BETWEEN WORKSITES ................................ 27 4.4.

SPEED LIMITS ................................................................................................................................... 27 4.4.1.

Road Works Speed Limit Order .................................................................................... 27 4.4.2.
Cautionary Speed ......................................................................................................... 28 4.4.3.

Speed Limits for Unfinished Road Surfaces ................................................................ 28 4.5.

PARTIAL OR FULL LANE CLOSURE ................................................................................................ 29 4.6.
HARD SHOULDER CLOSURES ....................................................................................................... 32 4.7.

TRAFFIC QUEUES ............................................................................................................................ 32 4.8.

ROAD CLOSURE AND DETOURS .................................................................................................. 32 5.
ACTIVE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................. 33 5.1.

STOP & GO DISCS (SHUTTLE OPERATION) .................................................................................. 33 5.2.

GIVE AND TAKE ............................................................................................................................. 35 5.3.
PRIORITY (YIELD SIGN) .................................................................................................................. 36 5.4.

ALL STOP ......................................................................................................................................... 36 5.5.

APPLICATION OF ACTIVE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT ................................................................... 37 6.
PEDESTRIANS ................................................................................................................................ 38 7.

IMPLEMENTATION, MAINTENANCE AND REMOVAL OF TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENTS.......................................................................................................................... 39 8.

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENTS .................... 40 9.
FIXED SITE SIGNAGE REQUIREMENTS .......................................................................................... 41 10.

REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................. 42 11.

ANNEX 1.

STANDARD SIGNAGE ................................................................................................. 43 12.

ANNEX 2.
ANNEX 2.

TYPICAL TRAFFIC CONTROL MEASURES .................................................................... 51 13.

ANNEX 3.

SPECIFICATIONS FOR MOUNTING OF TEMPORARY SIGNS FOR PERIODS IN EXCESS OF 3 MONTHS ................................................................................................................. 61 ii RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan Acronyms and Abbreviations AFSCME American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees ESHS Environmental Social Health and Safety Cap.

Chapter CEP CFP Ch.
CIMH CITES Consulting Engineers Partnership Chance Find Procedures Chainage Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology UN Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CPR Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation DOMLEC Dominica Electricity Services DOWASCO Dominica Water and Sewage Corporation DVRP ECU EC$ EHD EHO EIA EMF EMP FAD FP GCF GOD GRM H:V H&S Disaster Vulnerability Reduction Project Environmental Coordinating Unit Eastern Caribbean Dollars Environmental Health Department Environmental Health Officer Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental Management Framework Environmental Management Plan Fish Aggregating Device Flashpoint Green Climate Fund Government of the Commonwealth of Dominica Grievance Reporting Mechanism Horizontal:Vertical Health and Safety HEC-RAS Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System HGV IPP ITCP IUCN Heavy Goods Vehicle Innovation Policy Platform Internal traffic control plan International Union for Conservation of Nature RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 iii Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan LHS Left Hand Side LMCC Lorry Mounted Crash Cushions MEA MOA Multilateral Environmental Agreement Ministry of Agriculture MSDS Material Safety Data Sheets NA NGO Not Applicable Non-governmental Organisation NIOSH National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health NLUP National Land Use Policy No.
NPDP Number Dominica National Physical Development Plan OECS Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States OH&S Occupational Health and Safety OP/BP Operational Procedures/Bank Procedures OSH PCU PCR PMC RPF PSC PRO POPs PPE RHS SIA SLM SNC SRO STEL Safe Work Method Statements Occupational Safety and Health Project Coordinating Unit Physical Cultural Resources Project Management/Monitoring Committee Resettlement Policy Framework Project steering Committee Public Relations Officer Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Personal Protective Equipment Right Hand Side Social Impact Assessment Sustainable Land Management Second National Communication Statutory Rules and Orders Short Term Exposure Limit SWMS Safe Work Method Statement TCP Traffic Control Principles iv RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan TNC TOR Third National Communication Terms of Reference UNCLOS UN Convention of Law of the Sea UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific ad Cultural Organisation US$ VI VS WHS Ø United States Dollars Vertical Interval Vetiver Systems Work, Health and Safety Diameter RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 v Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan 1.

INTRODUCTION 1.1.
INTRODUCTION 1.1.

GENERAL PRINCIPLES The live carriageway of any roadway is a dangerous working environment.

To facilitate road works, routine maintenance works and emergency works, it is essential to implement temporary traffic management operations in accordance with a safe system of work.

The primary objective in the planning and design of these temporary traffic management works is to maximize the safety of the work force and the traveling public.
A secondary objective is to keep traffic flowing as freely as possible.

It is important to plan activities (including placement and removal of traffic management arrangements) to optimise work efficiency and safety, and to minimise traffic delay, congestion and general inconvenience to the road user.

The principles of safe and efficient traffic management are: 1.

Compliance with the principles of prevention, and application of the hierarchy of risk prevention and protection; 2.
Provision of clear and early warning of obstructions in the roadway; 3.

Optimisation of road space and the provision of an adequate safety zone and work space at work locations; 4.

Provision of clear directions relating to decisions/actions required from road users; 5.

Consideration for the needs of vulnerable road users; 6.

Minimisation of potential conflict between road users; 7.

Provision of credible traffic signs and temporary requirements; and 8.
Provision of appropriate speed limits and restrictions.

1.2.

ASSUMPTIONS For the purposes of design of this Dominica East Coast Roadway temporary traffic management plan, the following assumptions are made: 1.

Typical speeds are below 50 km/hr although there are a few small sections on Segments 1, 2 and 4 where design speeds reach 60 km/h.

2.

The roadworks are daytime only, and as such will not be required to operate routinely under night time conditions.
However, lower visibility conditions may be anticipated occasionally due to rain or fog.

It is expected that illumination, reflective signs, guards, fencing etc.

will be required during night time and off-work hours for protection of the works and for the safety and convenience of the public or others.

3.

Temporary traffic measures will typically remain in position for durations in excess of 24 hours, but no more than 3 months.
Exceptions will be entrances to locations such as spoil disposal sites, the tarish pit and contractor laydown areas which are expected to remain in use for the duration of the works.

For these, signs should be mounted as outlined in the specification provided in Annex 3.

4.

Only static signs will be used.

1.3.

TERMS AND DEFINITIONS The following terms and definitions are used in this plan.

Some of these are also depicted in Figure 1.


RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 7 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan Cone Height.

The minimum height of cone permitted.

Cone Spacing.

The recommended maximum spacing of cones required at tapers and longitudinally.

Closer spacing may be needed at some locations, e.g.

at short lengths of roadworks in urban areas or on tight bends.

Cumulative Distance.


Spacing of signs is measured by placing the first Sign 1 Roadworks Ahead at the cumulative distance of the spacing of all the advance signs from the start of the taper.

Distance between.

The distance between signs measured from the first Sign 1 Roadworks Ahead at the specified distance.

Emergency Lane.

A dedicated lane provided for the express use of emergency vehicles only.

This lane may form part of the Lateral Safety Zone, if required.

Emergency Roadworks.


Roadworks, the carrying out of which is immediately required in order to prevent, or reduce the risk of, loss, injury or damage to persons or property.

Lamp.

Lamps to be used along lines of cones or barriers are to be battery operated steady state lamps with amber light.

Min Lane Width.

The minimum width of traffic lane to be maintained at all times for use by the road user.

Number of Signs.

This is the number of signs required in advance of the start of the taper.
The first sign shall be Sign 1 Roadworks Ahead.

The number of signs specified is for the left hand side only.

Pedestrians.

pedestrians, pushchairs and equestrians if present.

Include able-bodied pedestrians, wheel-chair users, mobility impaired Roadworks.
Repairs, maintenance, alterations, improvements or installations or any other works to, above or under, a public road; they may include construction or maintenance of the public road, public or private utilities or any adjoining or overhead sites that affects or interrupts the normal function of the public road used by any road user, including pedestrians, cyclists, equestrians, etc.

at any time; Safety Zone.


Longitudinal and Lateral Safety Zones are areas between the works and the cones or barriers adjacent to the running traffic lane in order to provide a safe system of working at road works.

They are the minimum clear distances required for the safety of the workers and must be clearly defined.

The appropriate length and width of safety zones are determined by the applicable speed limit.

Site characteristics may also need to be taken into consideration.
The demarcation of safety zones needs to be clear.

The only activity permitted in a safety zone is the maintenance of traffic management arrangements, and it must be kept free of all operations, stationary vehicles or materials except for mobile lane vehicles or crash cushions.

Lateral Safety Zone is measured from the trafficked edge of the cone or barrier to the edge of the works area.
This area must be kept free of all operations, stationary vehicles, materials and personnel thus ensuring a clear safe distance back from the edge of the live traffic.

Longitudinal Safety Zone is measured from the end of the taper to the start of the works.

It provides a clear area for an errant vehicle to come to a stop before reaching the works area.

8 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan Set Back.

The minimum clearance from the edge of the traffic lane to the front face of a temporary barrier or cones.

Sign Visibility.

The uninterrupted sight distance of an approaching vehicle to the first Sign 1, Roadworks Ahead.

Speed Limit.

The permanent posted speed limit or, if applicable, the roadworks speed limit for the temporary traffic management measures being implemented.

Taper.
Taper.

The required length for the reduction in width of a single lane or hard shoulder.

The taper length is calculated using the specified rate of taper multiplied by the hazard width, including lateral safety zones, and rounded up to the nearest cone spacing.

Traffic signs.

Includes upright signs on posts, road markings, traffic signals, temporary signs, gantry signs, variable message signs, and associated items such as hazard marker posts and bollards.

Working Width.
Working Width.

The distance required behind a safety barrier, free from obstruction, to enable the barrier to deflect when hit by a vehicle.

Works Area.

The actual area required by the Contractor to carry out the work.

Figure 1.

Diagramatic Representation of Design Parameters Extracted and modified from Traffic Signs Manual Chapter 8 (NRA, 2010).

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 9 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan The recommended positioning, spacing, size and tapers for delineation devices for the Dominica East Coast Road are provided in Table 1.

Typical layouts are provided in Annex 2.

Table 1.
Design Parameters for Temporary Traffic Measures (refer to Figure 1 for depiction of terms used) Design parameters Speed limit Temporary sign Sign visibility (m) Number of signs Cumulative distance (m) Distance between advance signs (m) Minimum rate of taper Taper at lane (m) Taper at hard shoulder (m) Maximum cone spacing At tapers (m) Longitudinal (m) Cone height Safety zone Longitudinal (m) Lateral (m) Minimum lane width Minimum lane width (m) Notes to table: Requirement 50 or 60 km/h 50 3 75 25 1 in 15 1 in 10 3 6 750 25 0.5 3.0 1.
45 degree taper is required at active temporary traffic controlled layouts with cones at 1m centres.

2.

Cone spacing shown is the maximum permitted.

Where geometry or any other site specific reason dictates the spacing shall be reduced accordingly.

3.

Taper length should be rounded up to the nearest multiple of the cone spacing.

4.

The optimum lane width for all classes of vehicles is 3.25m.

This may be reduced to a minimum of 3.0m.

Below this, HGVs and buses must be marshalled past the works.
The absolute minimum lane width, if only cars and light vehicles are present, is 2.5m.

10 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan 5.

Safety zones may not always be achievable and the method of working should be refined to allow for these zones.
It may be necessary to deviate from the requirements set out; this should be considered carefully and best addressed by the Designer insofar as is reasonably practicable.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 11 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan 2.

RESPONSIBILITIES FOR DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TEMPORARY TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PLAN 2.1.
SITE RELEVANT INFORMATION Relevant information pertaining to the site, to be considered by those responsible for the traffic management design and the traffic management operation, includes: traffic flows and patterns, peak periods, etc.

road closures and diversion route requirements.

1. minimum carriageway/lane availability requirements.

2.

3.

4. co-ordination with other planned road works.

5. existing speed limits and observed speeds.


6. frequency and requirements of usage by pedestrians, other vulnerable road users and special needs groups.

7. availability and suitability of alternative routes for diverted traffic, pedestrians and vulnerable road users.

location and nature of permanent signs and roadway markings.

8. details of traffic sensitive roads or sites with specific engineering difficulties.

9.

10. information about existing safety barriers.

11. accident records.


12. presence of underground and/or overhead services.

13. local weather conditions, e.g., susceptibility to flooding, fog, etc.

14. needs of local residences and businesses.

15. programming of the works, where feasible, to avoid higher than normal or sensitive traffic flows (seasonal festivals, bank holidays, national exams, funerals etc.).

16. working hours and constraints.

17. land restraint requirements, including public access to frontages, etc.
18. publicity requirements (e.g., press release, radio announcements etc.).

2.2.

ROLE OF THE PROJECT DESIGNER IN TEMPORARY TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT The Project Designer is engaged in the preparation of drawings, particulars, specifications, calculations, and bills of quantities in relation to the project, including preparation of these design specifications for temporary traffic management.
Although the Temporary Traffic Management Plan may need further development to deal with specific operations during the construction stage, designers are to ensure that the project may be constructed in such a manner that will be safe, can be maintained safely and complies with all relevant safety and health legislation.

The Temporary Traffic Management Plan should be considered a part of, and be consistent with, the Preliminary Safety and Health Plan.

Key duties of the Designer include the following: 1.
Take account of the ‘general principles of prevention’ to proactively reduce the risks the construction stage, subsequent use and to safety and health during maintenance; Identify any hazards that the design may present during construction and subsequent maintenance; 2.

12 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan 3.


Eliminate, where possible, the hazards or reduce the risk, by completing design risk assessments; 4.

Communicate necessary control measures, design assumptions or remaining risks so they can be dealt with in the Safety and Health Plan; 5.

Consider other necessary or desirable works that could be carried out as part of the primary, planned works.
Any special features that may impact on the operational safety of the works will need to be taken into account during the design.

2.3.

ROLE OF THE CONTRACTOR IN TEMPORARY TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT 2.3.1.

Detailed Planning for Traffic Control The detailed programme for temporary traffic control is usually developed during the planning of the construction works by the Contractor’s staff.

2.3.2.
2.3.2.

Internal Traffic Control Plan Design (ITCP) The Contractor is required to develop an Internal traffic control plan (ITCP) to address elements such as: 1.

Chain of command.

2.

Onsite equipment and personnel.

3.

Contact information including company personnel, other onsite contractors, the contracting agency and the emergency response services.

4.

A detailed traffic management layout.

5.

Plan for maintenance and inspection to maintain the safety and integrity of the traffic design.

6.
6.

An operations communications plan to address: a) Orienting all workers including independent truck drivers and subcontractors; b) Methods of communicating changes to the plan; c) The means of communication between Flaggers, workers on foot and equipment or other vehicle operators; d) A means for the equipment and vehicle operators to communicate; 7.

Identification of the traffic control supervisor, and communication of his role and authority.

8.
8.

Description of the roles of all employees in recognizing, reporting and eliminating safety hazards.

9.

A process for review of incidents and potential hazards.

10.

A checklist of site-specific hazards and how these will be minimized (procedures, safety equipment, control strategies).

11.

A reporting system for all close calls and incidents (consider an anonymous system to encourage reporting).

12.

A plan for safely handling intermittent traffic stoppages e.g.

equipment turnaround.

13.


Anticipated traffic volume and speed, and speed limit for operation within the workspace.

14.

Specifications for lighting in the workplace.

15.

Delineated areas around specific pieces of equipment where workers on foot are prohibited (e.g.

swing radius of an excavator, blind areas of a dump truck).

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 13 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan 16.


Locations for storing and servicing materials and equipment.

17.

Location of parking for visitors and workers.

18.

Size and location of buffer zones.

19.

Description of internal signage and all internal traffic control devices.

2.3.3.

Internal Traffic Control Plan (ITCP) Implementation 1.

Assign a traffic control supervisor who is knowledgeable in traffic control principles (TCP), with overall responsibility for the safety of the work zone set up.
2.

Place a trained coordinator at each job site, able to respond immediately to hazardous situations, and authorized to make adaptive changes and/or halt operations as needed to ensure worker safety.

3.

Train workers in plan implementation for each project.

This will include ensuring that all workers are familiar with the signs deployed, and how they are to be used.

4.

Evaluate the effectiveness of the ITCP continuously, adjusting as required.

5.
5.

Provide workers, drivers and visitors with site specific safety information.

Schedule and convene regular toolbox safety meetings.

6.

Avoid assigning collateral duties that distract safety personnel from focusing on their safety responsibilities.

7.

Make supervisors accountable for daily documentation of hazards and how these are mitigated.

8.

Maintain lines of communication between the individuals responsible for different aspects of work zone safety.

9.
9.

Ensure that the work zone set up meets best industry standards.

10.

Demarcate pedestrian walkway/safe zone where possible.

11.

Evaluate the effectiveness of the temporary traffic control setup by having the project supervisor walk or ride the job looking for evidence of near misses (e.g.

skid marks, damaged barricades).

Include employees as a training tool and to emphasize that safety is a priority.

12.
12.

Authorise the traffic control supervisor to temporarily halt work until unsafe conditions have been eliminated.

13.

To the extent practical, keep the length of the work zone appropriate to the work in progress so that motorists do not increase speed after passing through a long stretch with no sign of work activity.

14.

Provide alternative transportation modes and routes for road users.

15.
15.

Adopt a hierarchical approach to prevention of worker injuries: a) Reduce worker exposure to the injury to the extent possible.

b) Where exposure to traffic cannot be completely eliminated, use positive protective barriers to shield workers from intrusions by traffic vehicles e.g.

Truck mounted attenuators and temporary traffic barriers.

c) Where temporary barriers are impractical or create a greater hazard, install channelizing devices such as traffic cones and barrels to delineate the work zone.
d) Consider additional measures such as sensors and intrusion alarms, but do not rely on them as primary protection against injury.

16.

Use temporary traffic control devices such as signage, warning devices, paddles and concrete barriers in a consistent manner throughout the work zone.

14 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan 17.


Set up temporary traffic control within a reasonable time prior to construction so that motorists do not become complacent and ignore warning signs and devices when work begins.

18.

Provide Flaggers with devices that increase their visibility to passing motorists and construction vehicles.

19.

Keep channelizing devices clean and properly maintained to preserve their reflective intensity and visibility.

20.
20.

Ensure that all traffic control devices are operating properly and in place at all times.

Missing devices creates potential for motorists to inadvertently enter the work space or exit the highway in the wrong place.

21.
21.

If any night work is planned: - - specify increased taper length and installation of low-level transitional lighting in advance warning areas and termination areas to ease motorists’ adjustment to changing lighting conditions reduce spacing between channelizing devices to compensate for reduced driver visibility, and increase the size of traffic control devices, reflective material and lettering to improve driver recognition.

2.3.4.

Worker Apparel 1.


Require all workers on foot to wear high visibility safety apparel.

2.

Inspect high visibility clothing regularly to ensure that color has not faded and that retro-reflective properties have not been lost.

3.

Consider landscape and foliage when choosing colors for worker apparel to ensure that workers do not blend into the background.

4.

Consider increasing visibility by using high visibility armbands and hats.

2.3.5.

Flaggers 1.
2.3.5.

Flaggers 1.

Train all Flaggers consistent with the level of responsibility and work zone conditions.

Flaggers should know traffic flow, work zone setup and proper placement of channelizing devices.

2.

Assign each flagger responsibility for monitoring operations in his or her immediate work area.

3.

Authorise Flaggers to recommend to the traffic control supervisor that operations be temporarily halted and the hazard corrected.
Authorise Flaggers to halt operations if a hazard arises and the traffic control supervisor is not in the immediate area.

4.

Train Flaggers to maintain sufficient distance from other highway workers so they can 5. be identified by passing motorists.

If multiple Flaggers are required, ensure they have appropriate sight distance or two- way radios to communicate effectively.

2.3.6.

Dissemination of Project Information to Relevant Authorities and the Public 1.
Liaise with all the emergency services where appropriate.

2.

Inform affected communities and interests (including public transport operators) in accordance with the Client-approved communications plan.

Information should include: a) the type of activity to expect; RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 15 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan b) the proposed traffic management measures and typical signage to expect; c) the implications for road users and nearby communities; d) provisions to be made to reduce adverse impacts; e) commencement date; f) operating hours; g) anticipated duration of activity; and h) a number to call for further information or to lodge any complaint or concern.

2.

Changes made to the construction programme should be similarly publicized.

3.
3.

Inform neighbouring property owners and occupiers in advance of any activity that has the potential to impede access to their properties or other public spaces.

4.

Keep records of complaints and actions taken in response.

5.

Ensure that motorists have real time information in advisory radio broadcasts.

2.3.7.

Illumination, guards and fencing 1.

Provide lights, guards, fencing etc.

for protection of the works and for the safety and convenience of the public or others.

2.
2.

When installing lighting within a work zone, ensure proper illumination for the workspace, while controlling glare so as not to blind workers and passing motorists.

2.4.

ROLE OF THE PROJECT SUPERVISOR IN TEMPORARY TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT The Project Supervisor must continually review the safety and health aspects of the project, and ensure the following have been adequately addressed: 1.
The identification of hazards, the elimination of the hazards or the reduction of risks to an acceptable level during construction; 2.

Finalization of the Safety and Health Plan before construction commences; 3.

Notification of the relevant authorities before construction commences; 4.

The proper implementation and operation of the Temporary Traffic Management Plan; 5.

Suitably qualified staff are on site to ensure health and safety provisions are adequate; 6.
Coordination of implementation by the various contractors; 7.

Co-operation and the provision of information between contractors; 8.

The reporting of accidents to the relevant authorities; 9.

Appointment of a site safety representative; 10.

Provision of information to site safety representatives; 11.

Checking of safe working procedures; 12.

Measures to restrict entry on to the site are in place e.g., plant and machinery must not enter longitudinal safety zones; 13.
Provision and maintenance of welfare facilities; 14.

Compliance of contractors and others; 15.

Corrective action is taken where necessary; and 16.

Notification of relevant authorities in any instances of non-compliance with any written directions issued.

16 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan 3.

TRAFFIC SIGNS AND OTHER TRAFFIC CONTROL MEASURES 3.1.

TRAFFIC SIGNS 3.1.1.


General Traffic signs (and other apparatus) for the control of traffic must reflect best practice.

Signing should always convey accurately to road users, including pedestrians, exactly what is happening and what is expected of them.

These objectives are encapsulated in the W-I-D-E approach to signing at roadworks:  Warn the road user of the forthcoming works  Inform the road user of the characteristics (e.g., roadway narrows, traffic control ahead etc.)
 Direct the road user safely through the site by means of arrows, cones, etc.

 End - clearly sign the end of the road works site.

To be effective, traffic signs must be readily recognised and must:  Have messages which can quickly be read and understood  Be coordinated with the geometric road layout so they are conspicuous by both day and night  Be located far enough in advance of the situation to give sufficient time for the road user to take the appropriate action.
To help achieve these goals, a combination of consistent message, distinctive shape and colour is used.

The message may be a legend, a symbol or both.

Standardisation of design, colour, shape, size and location helps to ensure that drivers will recognise the various classes of sign.

Signs should only be erected where there is a demonstrable need, because unnecessary, incorrect or inconsistent signs detract from the effectiveness of those that are required and tend to lead to disrespect for all signs.
Signs shall not display logos, advertising or company names on their faces.

The sign owner’s name may be printed on the back of the sign in lettering no more than 15 mm in height.

Traffic signs at roadworks may be divided into three broad types: Warning – signs which warn of hazards/danger on the road ahead or advise persons of the precautions to be taken against such danger, or both.

A special type of warning sign is used at roadworks: most are diamond shaped with black legend on an orange background.
Table A1.1 contains a list and depiction of warning signs that may be used in temporary traffic measures for roadworks and Table A1.2 contains a list of supplementary plates which may be used in conjunction with them.

How they should be used is shown in the layouts provided in Annex 2.

Note that Sign 1 Roadworks Ahead must always be the first and last sign relating to the particular roadworks area.

At the end of the roadworks, Sign 1 Roadworks must be placed together with Supplementary plate 28 End.
Yellow warning RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 17 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan signs may also be used or retained throughout roadworks to warn of existing hazards.

Two examples are provided opposite; the first for a Sharp Bend and the second for a Series of Sharp Bends.

Regulatory – signs which give instructions or apply prohibitions or restrictions which road users must obey.
Regulatory signs used at roadworks are the same as those used elsewhere, as appropriate.

Examples of these are provided in Table A1.4.

Information – signs which give directions and distances to destinations on the road ahead or on intersecting roads, or which provide other information relevant to the road user e.g.

estimated time of delay and other road closure information, so that drivers have sufficient opportunity to exit and take a different route.
Directional signs used at roadworks shall be similar in design to directional signs used elsewhere.

Information signs used at roadworks shall be similar to information signs used elsewhere, but should have an orange background.

Signs observed on Dominica roads include information such as: road narrow - proceed with caution;  men working;  construction works ahead - reduce speed;   construction - one lane ahead;   caution - speed humps ahead;  bridge failure ahead;  single lane;  one lane ahead.
speed limit; Some other types of sign are used frequently at roadworks.

These are chevrons, barrier boards, and the Stop and Go discs, as shown in Table A1.3.

Hoarding and cones are also commonly used.

Other examples of warning signs for specific hazards and other information signs that may be deployed are depicted below.

18 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan Figure 2.
Other examples of warning signs for specific hazards and other information signs that may be deployed RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 19 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan 3.1.2.

Sign sizes and Legibility A sign must be capable of transmitting its message clearly and at the right time to road users travelling at the normal speed for the road during day and night.
To achieve this, a sign must have correct legibility distance, appropriate target value, simple content and layout (and effective reflectorisation for those used at night).

Signs must also be adequate in design and construction.

The legibility of signs is of prime importance; it is determined by the size of the symbol or lettering used.

Contributory factors include the use of adequate colour contrast between the symbols or lettering and the background and the font used.
Target value is an assessment of how well a road user can identify that there is a road sign ahead.

It depends on both the colour and size of the sign: a large sign will have adequate target value whatever its colour.

The use of a symbol to represent a message is most effective in achieving legibility, together with simple content and layout.

Where lettering has to be used, it is important to condense the message into as few words as possible without impairing comprehension.
As size is the most important factor determining sign cost, signs should be designed to meet the required legibility without wasting space.

The factors which determine the distance over which a sign message is legible include: ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ The size of symbol or text; The number of messages to be scanned; The lateral distance of the sign from the edge of carriageway; and The speed of the approaching vehicle.

The recommendations for sign size, siting distance and visibility depend upon the ‘speed’ of the road.
3.1.2.1.

Information Signs The sizes of information signs containing text are determined by the size of text required.

This is defined in terms of the height of a lower case ‘x’ and is referred to as the ‘x-height’.

See Table 2 for recommendations.

3.1.2.2.


Regulatory and Warning Signs For speeds of less than 50 km/h, recommended clear visibility is 60 m. For speeds 51-80 km/h, the recommended clear visibility is 75 m (90m where greater prominence is required by site conditions, or where greater emphasis is needed).

Recommended sign diameters are 600 mm for speeds below 50 km/h, and 750 mm for speeds between 51 and 80 km/h (900 mm if greater prominence is required).
Recommended sign dimensions are as follows: 20 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan Table 2.

Recommended sign dimensions Type of sign Sign dimension (mm) Diamond warning sign 600 Length of side (mm) Circular regulatory sign 600 Diameter (mm) Rectangular warning signs 75 “x” height 3.1.3.

Sign Location 3.1.3.1.


General Principles The sign must be positioned correctly so it can be read in good time.

There are six aspects to be considered: 1.

2.

Its siting in relation to the junction, hazard or other feature to which it applies; Its placement in relation to the edge of the carriageway and other features of the road cross-section; Its height above the road; Its orientation; 3.

4.

5. safety; and 6.

Its relationship with other signs and the environment in general.
These factors are discussed below.

The advice should be followed where possible without compromising safe and clear signage.

If a conflict does occur, then the overriding concern must be the safety of road users.

Signs should be sited by an experienced engineer or technician who has undertaken a site visit and is aware of all the site constraints including underground services.

3.1.3.2.

Siting Drivers must be able to read and understand a sign in sufficient time for them to react safely to its message.
In order to achieve this, signs should be sited at the correct distances before the hazard or other feature to which they relate.

It is also essential to ensure that signs are visible from these distances and are not obscured by intervening obstructions.

It is important that siting distances for signs be consistent, so that similar reaction times will apply.

although it will not always be possible to adhere precisely to these standards due to site limitations.
On steep downhill gradients, it will generally be appropriate to adjust the siting distances to allow for longer braking distances.

The recommended distances should be increased by 10% RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 21 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan where there is a descending gradient (between the sign and the feature for which the sign is required) of 6% or steeper.
Adjustment of the siting distances is less important where there is an uphill gradient: however, the siting distance may be reduced by 10% where there is an ascending gradient of 10% or steeper.

Permanent features which cannot be altered, such as bends, hill crests, narrow verges and buildings, will necessitate the special positioning of signs.

It is preferable to increase the standard distance between the sign and the hazard rather than reduce it.
Drivers are accustomed to signs being on the left-hand side and such positioning should be the norm.

However, siting on the right-hand side is appropriate in certain circumstances: for example, where there are difficulties in siting on the left.

3.1.3.3.

Placement A sign should be placed so as to maintain a clearance between itself and the traffic on the carriageway.
A horizontal clearance between the edge of the sign and the edge of the pavement (including any hard strip or hard shoulder) of 1200mm is recommended.

However, where space is limited, or there are other obstructions or constraints, the clearance may be reduced to 450mm.

Signs used to control works traffic movements within the site should be positioned so that they do not cause confusion by being visible to the road user.

3.1.3.4.
3.1.3.4.

Mounting Height A minimum of 500mm clearance from the underside of the sign to the adjacent carriageway is permitted.

Note that lower mounted signs will require more frequent cleaning.

The positioning and number of signs recommended are tabulated in Table 1.

Typical layout diagrams are shown in Annex 2.

3.1.3.5.

Orientation Sign orientation is important, as signs need to be sited so as to avoid specular reflection caused by the headlights of approaching vehicles.
This is mainly an issue for signs made of retro-reflective material.

It is anticipated that most signs on this project will not be retro- reflective.

Exceptions are those deployed around closed works at night.

Specular reflection can be particularly troublesome where drivers need to use headlights on full beam.

To eliminate or minimise the effects of specular reflection, signs should be set at an angle to the direction of approaching vehicles.
On a straight carriageway, the horizontal axis of a sign should be set at an angle of 95° away from the general alignment of the left-hand side of the carriageway on the approach side.

On right-hand bends it will generally be adequate for a sign to be set at an angle of 90° to a line tangential to the left-hand edge of carriageway at the point where the sign is erected.

Signs are normally to be set transverse to the line of travel of approaching road users.

3.1.3.6.
3.1.3.6.

Surroundings In determining the location of a sign, its relationship with other signs and its surroundings in general should be considered.

The following should be taken into account in the review of the plan: 22 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan 1.

Can one or more signs be eliminated?

2.

Do any messages conflict?

3.


Do any signs obstruct, or is any sign obstructed by other signs?

4.

Can the sign be mounted together with another sign?

5.

The sign should be positioned such that the approaching driver sees the sign and then the feature to which it refers.

Where possible, no other signs should be mounted between the sign and the feature to which it refers.

6.
6.

Care is needed to avoid confusion which may arise, such as when a minor junction, possibly unsigned, intervenes between a directional or warning sign and the junction that it serves.

The sign should be clearly visible to road users.

Steps should be taken to deal with any obstructions.

Overhanging trees and shrubs should be cut back to allow approaching drivers to see the sign.

In some cases the vegetation may need to be removed completely.

It is preferable to mount signs in front of any vegetation.
The vegetation provides a background for the sign and allows it to stand out from the surrounding area.

The vegetation also masks the back of the sign from road users traveling in the opposite direction.

Standing vehicles should not obstruct a sign.

The sign should not block the sight line of any vehicle, pedestrian or other road user.

For example, a vehicle waiting at the exit from a side road should not have its sight line blocked by a sign on the mainline.
Clutter of signs and other street furniture should be avoided as far as possible.

This may be achieved by: 1.

Reducing the number of signs as much as possible, consistent with road safety; 2.

Mounting signs together where appropriate; 3.

Attaching signs to existing structures such as walls, fences, buildings, railings and lampposts; 4.

Siting posts at the back of footways or close to boundaries; and 5.

Removing unnecessary and unauthorised signs.


The signing layout should take the individual features of the site into consideration.

This includes proximity to retirement communities, sports grounds, factory entrances etc.

Additional signs may also be required where sight lines are restricted by poor existing alignment.

A balance must be struck, to avoid the use of too many signs which can be confusing for the driver.
junctions and facilities such as schools, churches, Signs may lose their effectiveness because of their setting.

Smaller signs may fail to stand out against a background which is variegated and colourful and others may be overpowered by a stronger background.

Advertisements behind or near signs may prove distracting.

Poor and distracting backgrounds should be partially screened in an appropriate manner: for example, by the provision of backing boards on signs.
RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 23 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan 3.1.4.

Sign Mounting Signs are to be supported in such a way that they will not be blown over by the wind.

Some examples of how temporary signs may be mounted are provided in the figures below.

The proposed method of mounting is to be submitted to the Client for approval before works commence.

Figure 3.
Figure 3.

Examples of how temporary signs are mounted Signs that are expected to be in place for more than 3 months are required to comply with the specifications for mounting provided in Annex 3.

3.2.

LANE DELINEATION AND DELINEATION DEVICES Obstruction of part of a roadway may require drivers to carry out unusual manoeuvres, so drivers must be given a clear indication of the path they should take.
Temporary delineation in the form of traffic cones, cylinders, lightweight barriers, temporary road studs, etc.

should be used for this purpose.

Existing roadway markings and studs in conflict with any temporary lane alignment should be removed or masked, unless traffic is to be confined to a single lane delineated by cones or other suitable devices on each side.
Delineation devices should be manufactured in a material that can be struck without causing damage to the impacting vehicle and with the capability of returning to their original shape after impact.

Retro-reflective material is not required for most signs as night work is not planned on this project.

However, any signs likely to be deployed at night must be retro-reflective.

24 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan 3.2.1.

Cones and Cylinders Cones should be sufficiently stable to remain upright in service and have a base design to stop the cone from rolling if knocked over.

Minimum height of cone is 750 mm.

450mm high cones are permitted for works such as road marking and surveying.

At night, lines of cones in un-lit areas should be fitted with steady state lamps with amber light.
Cylinder-type delineators should be designed to allow them to be attached/fixed to existing road stud sockets or bolted to the road surface.

Cylinders may be used to separate opposing traffic.

As they have less visibility than other devices, they should only be used in situations where space is restricted.

3.2.2.
3.2.2.

Barriers There are five principal types of temporary barrier that may be used to provide varying degrees of protection as part of temporary traffic measures, depending on the risk presented and the item to be protected.

The different types are: 1.

Pedestrian barriers; 2.

Temporary barriers for guiding vehicles when a traffic lane or part of a lane is closed; 3.

Lightweight temporary barriers to delineate the edges of safety zones and works areas on low speed roads; 4.
Temporary safety barriers with specified containment values to delineate the edge of safety zones and work areas on high speed roads; and 5.

Permanent safety barriers with specified containment values.

The first three types provide visual guidance to delineate the areas where pedestrians or traffic should go.

They are not designed to prevent errant vehicles encroaching into the area of the roadworks.

The last two types, temporary and permanent safety barriers are intended to restrain errant vehicles.
If required, their design shall be in accordance with standards proposed by the contractor and approved by the Client.

All barriers must be fitted with reflective strips and/or steady state lamps with amber light to ensure visibility at night.

Lightweight barriers should be of a stable design that will accommodate either sandbag or water ballast.

3.3.
3.3.

TRUCK MOUNTED ATTENUATORS OR LORRY MOUNTED CRASH CUSHIONS (LMCC) Truck mounted attenuators or Lorry Mounted Crash Cushions (LMCC) are crash cushions mounted on the back of a vehicle.

They may be used to mitigate the effects of errant vehicles colliding with a stationary obstacle, works vehicle or work site.

Their function is to decelerate the errant vehicle smoothly to a stop with minimum damage or injury.

Their main use is in mobile lane closures.


However, they may on occasion be useful as part of static temporary traffic measures.

If the longitudinal safety zone specified in the design parameters cannot be achieved, then consideration should be given to the use of a LMCC to mitigate the effects of the reduced zone length.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 25 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan 4.


DESIGN OF THE TEMPORARY TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT LAYOUT (STATIC OPERATIONS) 4.1.

GENERAL Static operations are those carried out within a fixed work site area.

The length of a fixed site should be kept to the minimum required to carry out the operation safely.

Works should be undertaken in the minimum time, taking up the minimum road space, but without compromising safety.
Lane closures should be avoided where possible during peak traffic flow time on busy commuter routes.

Signs are used to alert the driver to an unexpected road layout or hazard ahead, to provide information while traversing the worksite, and when the worksite has been passed and normal traffic resumes.
For short-term work sites on roads with speed limits of 60km/h or less, where the traffic lanes are shifting daily due to the nature of the works, then cones or temporary barriers with steady beacons can be used to channel the traffic.

However, the temporary traffic measures must clearly define, over and above any existing markings, the route through the works.

There will often be a requirement to implement different stages of temporary traffic measures as the works progress.
Each subsequent stage will be governed by the same design parameters but could present an additional risk to the workforce and road user as the layout of the road may differ from what they had become used to.

It is important for each stage to be properly engineered to manage the traffic as necessary and to be marked and signed clearly to avoid confusion.
During the programme of the works, consideration should be given to the possibility of removing the traffic management measures in order to deal with: Particularly high traffic volumes due to a sporting or other event; ‐ ‐ Adverse weather conditions; ‐ ‐ Emergency access; or Times when work is not in progress.
Once the works are completed, the removal of traffic management measures should only be carried out if it is possible to ensure the road is safe and free from any obstructions, all road surfacing is completed and all permanent signs, road markings, safety barriers and other items are in place.

4.2.

BASIC SPACE CONSIDERATIONS Space at road works sites is often at a premium.
Available space should be apportioned with a view to ensuring that the works and traffic management scheme can be carried out in a safe manner while minimising disruption to traffic.

In particular, consider the following: incorporating the hard shoulder into a temporary traffic lane; 1.
2. safety zone and working space requirements; 3. selection of suitable plant and machinery to do the work planned; 4. adequacy of work-space for the proposed operations, and storage of materials and equipment, 5. arrangement for access to and from the site; 26 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan lane restrictions and use of temporary speed restrictions; and 6.
7. spacing of temporary road works signs and installation of signals and barriers.

The recommended positioning, spacing, size and tapers for delineation devices are provided in Table 1.

Details of typical layout diagrams are shown in Annex 2.

4.3.

LANE WIDTH, WORKSITE LENGTH AND DISTANCE BETWEEN WORKSITES Available roadway width, applicable speed limit and traffic volume are used to determine the most appropriate method of traffic control.
Site length, project duration and site characteristics may also need to be considered.

The use of established optimum lane widths for single and two-way traffic layouts will assist in ensuring the safe and efficient flow of traffic past the works.

When designing temporary traffic measures the optimum lane width for all classes of vehicles is 3.25m.

This may be reduced to a minimum of 3.0m.

Below this, HGVs and buses should be marshalled past the works.
The absolute minimum lane width, if only cars and light vehicles are present, is 2.5m.

For two-way traffic the minimum road width should be 6.0m.

Where temporary traffic measures are likely to have a significant impact on the capacity of the road, the anticipated queue lengths and delays should be estimated by the Designer.

Traffic management should be designed to minimise delays.
It is important that Sign 1 Roadworks Ahead, and the subsequent warning sign, Queues Likely, be positioned to ensure that, regardless of queue length, approaching traffic is forewarned of queues ahead.

Where a shuttle system is to be put in place, the maximum length of work site should be kept to a minimum, with a recommended maximum of 500m.
In the case where the capacity is not greatly reduced and the permanent number of lanes is maintained, the length can be increased but only to facilitate continuous operations.

Long lengths of restricted width traffic lanes, with no apparent activity being carried out, will tend to encourage drivers to disregard the signage and directions being given, with attendant risks to site operatives and drivers as a consequence of inappropriate driver behaviour.
It is recommended that the maximum length should not exceed 5km.

The minimum length to the next section of roadworks on the same route should ideally be at least 5km, or as agreed with the Client.

This requirement is to allow platoons of traffic to dissipate and to avoid continued delays and driver stress.

Designers should consult in order to plan and co-ordinate roadworks.

4.4.
4.4.

SPEED LIMITS The speed limits on the approaches to the roadworks will normally be the limit posted on the road prior to any temporary traffic measures being introduced.

It may be possible to reduce the speed of traffic through the roadworks by careful design of the temporary road layout.
However a roadworks speed limit may also be used to reduce the travelling speed of the traffic before the start of the roadworks, either by means of a mandatory Road Works Speed Limit Order or by using Supplementary Plate 26 Cautionary Speed (See Annex 1).

4.4.1.
4.4.1.

Road Works Speed Limit Order If the Designer of the temporary traffic measures considers that a lower speed limit is advisable through the roadworks, it will be necessary to get approval for this from the Ministry RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 27 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan of Works and Traffic Control Department.
Where a Road Works Speed Limit Order is to be implemented, the first Sign 1 Roadworks Ahead is to be positioned before the sign displaying the roadworks speed limit.

Sign 1 Roadworks Ahead with an End plate shall be positioned at the end of the works, followed by a sign displaying the permanent speed limit.

The speed limit signs to depict the start and end of the Road Works Speed Limit must be placed at pre-determined locations.

These locations must provide adequate visibility to the signs.
Where the sign is not at a location with good visibility, consideration should be given to providing a repeater speed limit sign soon after the start (or end) of the speed limit in a position that provides good visibility, for the benefit of those who may not have noticed the first sign.

The roadworks speed limit must also be displayed at any side roads entering the temporary traffic measures.

Adequate visibility should be provided to these signs.
The roadworks speed limit must be displayed on repeater signs at regular intervals, not be more than 500m apart, and after junctions.

4.4.2.

Cautionary Speed Where it is not appropriate or practicable to impose a mandatory roadworks speed limit (e.g.

where the works are of short duration, or of short length, or are due to an emergency), a Cautionary Speed may be signed.

Such a speed is non-regulatory.


It should represent the speed at which a private car may drive through the roadworks with reasonable safety.

Very slow speeds should not be used unless absolutely necessary.

The Designer should consult with the Traffic Control Department before implementing a Cautionary Speed sign.

A Cautionary Speed may be signed by erecting Sign 1, Roadworks Ahead, with Supplementary Plate 26 depicting the recommended maximum speed.
No other signs to denote cautionary speeds shall be permitted.

The sign and plate should be erected, within the roadworks, where the Cautionary Speed is intended to start, and at intervals of no more than 500m throughout the required length, and and following every junction within the works.

Some layouts will require closer spacing.

It may be appropriate to erect signs on both sides of the carriageway.
Where the Cautionary Speed is signed because of an unfinished or temporary road surface or because of loose chippings, Supplementary Plate 29 Cautionary Speed may be erected in conjunction with Signs 12 Slippery Road or 13 Loose Chippings as appropriate and be preceded by the first Sign 1 Roadworks Ahead, which shall have a supplementary plate stating the distance to the roadworks.

4.4.3.
4.4.3.

Speed Limits for Unfinished Road Surfaces Where traffic is to travel on an unfinished road surface during the active phase of the roadworks, Sign 12 Slippery Road with Supplementary Plate 34, Unfinished Road Surface, should be displayed, and be preceded by the first Sign 1 Roadworks Ahead.

If considered necessary, these may be accompanied by additional Slippery Road and Cautionary Speed Signs, or, where the relevant procedures have been completed, a regulatory roadworks speed limit.
In some cases, it will be necessary to leave the unfinished road surface carrying traffic.

Such an unfinished road should receive a surface dressing (or other suitable surface course) as soon as is practicable, and works should be planned to reduce the need for traffic travelling on such overlays for long periods of time.
In such circumstances the rest of the roadworks may have been finished and most of the temporary traffic measures removed pending the 28 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan application of the final surface.
Adequate signs should be erected including Sign 1 Roadworks Ahead and Sign 12 Slippery Road Sign together with Supplementary Plate 34 Unfinished Road Surface, to alert drivers to the temporary nature of the road surface.

If appropriate, a regulatory roadworks speed limit could remain in force, or additional Signs 12 Slippery Road could be erected with a Supplementary Plate 26 indicating a Cautionary Speed.
Since orange roadworks signs are used, they must be preceded by a Sign 1, Roadworks Ahead, and at the end of the relevant section a Sign 1 Roadworks Ahead shall be erected with the Supplementary Plate 28 End.

Figure 4.

Diagrammatic Representation of Static Lane Closure Design Parameters Extracted from Department of Transport (Ireland) et al, 2010.

Guidance for the Control and Management of Traffic at Road Works, 2nd edition.

4.5.
4.5.

PARTIAL OR FULL LANE CLOSURE Diagrams showing typical layouts for traffic management are provided in Annex 2.

See also, Figure 4.

For the partial or full closure of a lane, the following procedure is provided.

1.

In advance of the worksite (See figure A2.1 in Annex 2): a) Advance notification of the roadworks is given using Sign 1 Roadworks Ahead, to be placed on the left side of the road, at least 75m in advance of the taper for commencement of the work area.
This signals that a roadworks hazard lies ahead.

This sign may be accompanied with a Supplementary Plate 24 Distance, indicating that a roadworks hazard lies the specified distance ahead.

A sign 29 Cautionary Speed may also be erected together with the first Sign 1 Roadworks Ahead.

Note that Sign 1 Roadworks Ahead must always be the first and last sign RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 29 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan relating to the particular roadworks area.

At the end of the roadworks, Sign 1 Roadworks must be placed together with Supplementary Sign 28 End.

b) At least two additional warning signs must be placed at 25 m apart, on the left side of the road, in advance of the taper.

These may be any of the warning signs provided in Table A1.1 as relevant to the works underway.
These will often be one or more of the following:           Sign 5 Road Narrows on the Left Sign 6 Road Narrows on the Right Sign 7 Road Narrows on Both Sides Sign 8 Flagger Ahead Sign 9 Queues Likely Sign 10 Hump or Ramp Sign 11 Uneven Surface Sign 12 Slippery Road Sign 13 Loose chippings Sign 14 Soft Verge c) If a regulatory speed limit is to be imposed, this may be posted on the left side of the road, within the area before the last warning sign before the taper, i.e.
between 25m and 50m from works commencement area.

d) At commencement of the taper Sign 41 Keep left or Sign 42 Keep Right may be erected if appropriate.

e) The width of the working area combined with the 0.5m lateral safety zone will dictate the remaining width of carriageway available to accommodate traffic, and whether 2 lane traffic can be maintained, or whether single traffic or single lane (shuttle working) is required.
f) The taper length at the beginning of the worksite located on the side in the direction of travel is calculated based on the width of the working area within the active roadway added to the lateral safety zone (See figure A2.3 in Annex 2).

Signage for traffic travelling in the opposite direction is determined using the same approach outlined in a) to e) (See figure A2.2 in Annex 2).
The taper length for the worksite that is located on the opposite side of the road for traffic flowing in this direction, will be determined in accordance with 3b).

See figure A2.4 in Annex 2.

2.

In the work site area (See figure A2.1 in Annex 2): a) Cones or other appropriate barrier must be placed along the outer edge of the lateral safety zone that adjoins the work site.

b) Additional Signs 41 Keep left or 42 Keep Right may be erected at intervals along the taper if appropriate.
c) Signs 17 Site Access on Left or 18 Site Access on Right (as appropriate) should be erected intermittently along the taper edge, along the active working area.

Signage for traffic travelling in the opposite direction is determined using the same approach outlined in a) to c).

See figure A2.5 in Annex 2.

3.


At the end of the roadworks (See figure A2.4 in Annex 2) a) The taper at the end of the worksite located on the side in the direction of travel may be set at 45° to deflect traffic back to the original lane configuration.

30 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan 4. b) A Sign 1 Roadworks Ahead with a Supplementary Sign 28 End should be posted on the left side of the road facing oncoming traffic, 0m to 75m after the taper ends, as determined most appropriate on site.

Signage for traffic travelling in the opposite direction is determined using the same approach outlined in b) (See figure A2.3 in Annex 2).
If the operational roadway is reduced to a single lane, and a flagger is required, signage in advance of the work site area should be as follows (See figure A2.6 in Annex 2): a) Sign 23 Stop Here On Red should be erected on the left hand side just in advance of the taper area, and just in advance of the flagger position.

This will be the last sign before the taper area.


The sign and flagger should be located at least 10 m in advance of the taper, such that oncoming traffic on the side of the work site hazard has sufficient time to stop in advance of the taper, and so as not to jeopardise the safety of the flagger from oncoming traffic.

The Flagger should be stationed in advance of the taper commencement, leaving sufficient space for oncoming traffic to pass between the Flagger station and the cones on the road centerline.
b) A series of cones should be erected on the road centerline for 20 m opposite the Sign 23, reminding drivers to keep within their respective lanes, just in advance and up to Sign 23 Stop Here On Red.

At commencement of the line of cones, Sign 42 Keep Right should be erected.

c) Other signage in advance of the works should be in accordance with steps 1a) through 1d) above.

In step 1 a) the 75 m is measured from the position of the Sign 23 Stop Here On Red.
Sign 8 Flagger Ahead is to be used as the warning signs in Step 1 b) above, located after the first Sign 1 Roadworks Ahead.

d) Advance signage and traffic delineation for traffic moving in the opposite direction past the works is the same as outlined in 4 a) to c) with the exception of the sign at the commencement of the line of cones which should be Sign 43 Keep Left ((See figure A2.7 in Annex 2).
Again, all such signage is to be located on the left hand side of the road facing oncoming traffic with the exception of the sign at the commencement of the line of cones on the road centreline.

5.

Signage and delineation in the work site area for single lane traffic being managed with flaggers is as follows (See Figure A2.8 in Annex 2): a) Follow steps 2 a) to c) 6.

At the end of the roadworks for single lane traffic being managed with flaggers (See figure A2.8 in Annex 2) c) Follow steps 3 a) and b).
d) A Sign 41 Keep left should be erected on the leading edge of the centreline cones on exit from the worksite area.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 31 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan 4.6.

HARD SHOULDER CLOSURES For the closure of a hard shoulder, the following procedure is recommended: 1.
Advance notification of the roadworks is given using Sign 1 Roadworks Ahead, followed by another Sign 1 Roadworks Ahead with a Supplementary Plate 33 End of Hard Shoulder, indicating the hard shoulder is closed ahead.

2.

A taper as specified in Table 1 is applied to close the shoulder.

The closure of the hard shoulder should be kept to a minimum length, as it is an area for traffic to use in an emergency.

3.
3.

To deter traffic from using the hard shoulder in advance of the works, angled lines of cones (3 to 4 cones) across the hard shoulder may be used 25m and 50m in advance of the start of the taper.

4.7.

TRAFFIC QUEUES Whenever there are lane closures or restrictions, queues of traffic may occur at busy times.

The likely lengths of queues should be estimated when planning the temporary traffic measures and actual lengths checked when the measures are in operation.
It is important that sufficient warning of the roadworks and likely queues be given to approaching drivers.

Advance warning signs are required.

Where significant queues are likely, additional signs will be required, extending further from the works and including Sign 9 Queues Likely.

The first sign encountered must always be 1, Roadworks Ahead.
When long traffic queues are caused by roadworks, the layout of the temporary traffic measures should be reviewed to see if any alterations can be made to reduce the queue lengths and delays.

In some cases minor adjustments may eliminate pinch points.

4.8.

ROAD CLOSURE AND DETOURS When a road closure is required, the proposed diversion route must be approved by the relevant road authorities and Councils in the affected jurisdictions.
The diversion route should be capable of accommodating the types and volumes of traffic.

It will normally be necessary to sign the diversion route.

The following guidelines should be considered when choosing a route: 1.

Characteristics of the roads on the diversion route should be as similar to the road to be closed as possible.
If this is not achievable, then it may be appropriate to consider the use of a single lane diversion for one direction of traffic only or two separate diversions for the traffic in each direction.

2.

Consideration should be given to junction layouts and available lane widths to accommodate HGVs and buses.

3.

The shortest route possible should be used.

4.

For short uncomplicated diversion routes, Signs 19 Detour and 20 Diverted Traffic can be used to direct traffic.
Not all diversion routes will satisfy the above guidelines.

Therefore, engineering methods such as junction improvement, road markings, temporary portable signals or flaggers with Stop & Go discs may be an option to improve the route and flow of traffic.

32 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan 5.


ACTIVE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT Temporary portable traffic signals are frequently required to control traffic at roadworks, either as part of revised junction layouts, or to control alternate shuttle working.

Where simple traffic control is adequate, such as at plant crossings or short lengths of shuttle working, STOP & GO discs may be used (See Table A1.3, Sign 43).

These consist of a double-sided circular panel showing STOP, on one side and GO on the other.
If a sign is to be used to stop both streams of traffic at the one time, such as at a plant crossing, then a disc displaying STOP on both sides should be used.

The traffic police must be consulted prior to the implementation of any active traffic management using temporary traffic signals or Stop & Go discs.

The work site for all active traffic management layouts should be limited to 500m maximum length, including 45 degree tapers.
It is important that when implementing active traffic management layouts that the gap provided for traffic to deviate around the works and then back on line should be a minimum of 10m and increased if necessary to ensure vehicles can manoeuvre through the works reasonably freely.

Active traffic management is an effective means of regulating the flow of traffic through temporary traffic measures.

The following are a few methods of active traffic management that may be used: 5.1.
STOP & GO DISCS (SHUTTLE OPERATION) STOP & GO discs (Sign 43 in Table A1.3) using manual or mechanical methods can be used at plant crossing points, site exits or on single carriageway roads where the traffic is reduced to a shuttle operation.

This method provides control at crossings or exits, and in a shuttle operation allows the traffic flows to move according to the demand.

This operation must be undertaken by trained personnel using Stop & Go discs and wearing high visibility garments.
Using this operation the flow of traffic should be based on the actual demand at the extremities of the works.

These demands vary at peak times and can be unbalanced at off- peak times, so manually operated traffic control can react to the actual demand.

Shuttle working is implemented by positioning two operators, one at each end of the section being controlled.
The operator showing the “STOP‟ side of the disc to one flow of traffic contacts the operator showing the “GO‟ side of the disc to the other flow of traffic and asks that the sign be reversed to show STOP.

Once this is completed and the traffic flow cleared, the first operator can then reverse his sign to show “GO‟.

The procedure is repeated at timed intervals based on traffic demand.

See Figure 5.
See Figure 5.

Both operators should preferably be inter-visible but must be in contact by means of a suitable and reliable communication system.

However, care should be taken to make sure the traffic being asked to stop cannot see or misinterpret the “GO‟ disc of the far operator.

If there is a junction within the length being controlled by Stop & Go discs, a third operator may be required to control traffic on the side road.
RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 33 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan Remotely operated Stop & Go discs may be used during daylight hours provided the operator has an unobstructed view of both ends of the site and is not more than 100m from either end.
Where shuttle working is in operation, the operator should be positioned sufficiently far from the end of the one-lane section to allow traffic emerging from the one-lane section to cross back onto the correct side of the road before encountering the stationary traffic waiting at the red signal.

Sign 23, Stop Here on Red, in Table A1.1 will clearly define where the vehicles should stop.
For 20m in advance of the STOP/GO stop position, cones should be placed along the centre line if space permits and if not, along the verge, to highlight to the driver that they are close to the manually controlled stopping point.

This is necessary as a truck stopped at the stopping point may block the operator and the following vehicle may inadvertently try to overtake that vehicle assuming it is parked or broken down.
If necessary, an additional Sign 8 Flagger Ahead (Table A1.1) may be positioned 15 to 20m from this point.

For short lengths of work, for example site crossing points or site exits on a two-way road, a single operator may be used to control the traffic using a double-sided Stop disc.

The operator, like a traffic warden, stops both flows of traffic for the duration of the operation and then leaves the carriageway and signals to the traffic to proceed.
This system should only be in operation if both directions of traffic have clear visibility of the operator and disc at all times.

If the length of the site is too long for this then a two-disc operation is required as described above.

Figure 5.

Shuttle System at Static Works with Manual or Mechanical STOP/GO Traffic Control Extracted from Department of Transport (Ireland) et al, 2010.

Guidance for the Control and Management of Traffic at Road Works, 2nd edition.
34 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan 5.2.
GIVE AND TAKE A passive/self regulating “Give and Take” layout may be used for shuttle working in daylight hours provided that: ‐ ‐ There is clear visibility of and through the site for drivers approaching the works from either end; The length of the shuttle lane past the works does not exceed 50m from start of entry taper to end of exit taper; and ‐ Advance warning is given to drivers by means of Signs 5 Road Narrows on Left, 6 Road Narrows on Right, or 7 Road Narrows On Both Sides as appropriate.
See Figure 6.

Figure 6.

Shuttle System at Static Works with GIVE and TAKE Traffic Control Extracted from Department of Transport (Ireland) et al, 2010.

Guidance for the Control and Management of Traffic at Road Works, 2nd edition.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 35 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan 5.3.


PRIORITY (YIELD SIGN) A “Priority‟ layout may be used where one flow of traffic is made to yield to the oncoming traffic.

The Yield Sign (No.

39 in Table A1.3) should be used facing one direction of traffic.
This method should only be implemented when the following apply: ‐ ‐ The obstacle in the traffic lane is of a short length and not more than 80m from start of entry taper to end of exit taper; There must be clear visibility of at least 60m for the yielding traffic to the oncoming traffic.

Advance warning is given to drivers by means of Signs 5 Road Narrows on Left, 6 Road Narrows on Right, or 7 5 Road Narrows On Both Sides as appropriate.

See Figure 7.

Figure 7.


Shuttle System at Static Works with Priority YIELD Traffic Control Extracted from Department of Transport (Ireland) et al, 2010.

Guidance for the Control and Management of Traffic at Road Works, 2nd edition.

5.4.

ALL STOP The “All Stop” method should only be used for short duration stops (maximum 10 minutes) where traffic flows are light and a diversion route would be inappropriate by virtue of length and nature of the route.
36 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan For this method “STOP/GO‟ discs are all displayed on STOP, controlling the traffic whilst work is being carried out.

The works should be of the type that can be suspended easily if traffic congestion builds up.
This method can also be used to interrupt other active traffic management in place to allow emergency vehicles through the works or the final completion of a task previously carried out under alternative traffic management.

It may also be appropriate at plant crossings of minor roads or to accommodate deliveries.

5.5.
5.5.

APPLICATION OF ACTIVE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT All options to maintain two-way traffic should be considered, but once the decision to use shuttle working with active traffic management has been made then the following items need to be identified: 1.

Duration of the works – this will dictate the measures required as temporary traffic signals will be required if the restriction is in place overnight.

Flaggers with Stop & Go discs may be required at peak times and for “All Stop” traffic management.

2.
2.

Length of the works – The length of the works should be kept to a minimum in order to minimise the effect on the traffic flows, ideally 500m maximum.

The inclusion of junctions within the works area should be avoided if possible.

3.

As queue lengths cause driver stress, delays should be minimised.

Advance notice of the works through the media is recommended and where practicable an alternative route should be signed.

4.
4.

A method of monitoring queues should be put in place so that the demand can be catered for if traffic flows are uneven.

When the flows are relatively even in both directions the cycle time should be evenly split.

5.

To determine the length of each cycle the signal designer should calculate the optimum cycle time to maintain flow and minimise queues.
The positioning of active traffic management should be such that the equipment: ‐ Is visible at all times especially at dawn or dusk; ‐ Is well lit during the hours of darkness or poor visibility; ‐ Does not obstruct the road users’ view of other signs; and ‐ Is not hidden by the geometry of the road, other signs or street furniture, or by stationary traffic.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 37 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan 6.

PEDESTRIANS At all roadwork sites, where there is existing provision for pedestrians, consideration must be given to providing or maintaining facilities or access.

Where footways are affected by construction or maintenance work, a safe route should be provided for pedestrians at all times past the works area.
This may be done by channelling the footway or providing a route on the carriageway by using suitable barriers and, where necessary, providing the appropriate signs indicating that the footway is closed.

When a footway is closed, pedestrians should be notified at the closest existing crossing point and directed to cross at this point.

A temporary footway should be defined from the works area, as a minimum, by a suitable barrier to show the extent of the footway.
This will also indicate the route to site staff, to ensure equipment does not infringe upon this allocated space.

If there is any risk to pedestrians from equipment, works vehicles, excavations or the work area then the temporary pedestrian barrier must be sufficient in height to avoid any conflicts.
The route of any temporary footway should be clear of obstacles, trip hazards and overhanging objects and the surface should be to a standard suitable for all pedestrians, especially mobility impaired pedestrians or pushchairs to travel upon.

Consideration should be given to the needs of disabled or vision impaired pedestrians.

Site staff should be made aware if the site is located close to nursing homes or schools for the disabled, blind or deaf, so that assistance can be given when required.
The preferred width for a temporary footway is 1.8m but, where possible, the width provided should be suitable to accommodate expected volumes.

The absolute minimum width allowed for pedestrians is 1.2m.

A buffer zone should be provided between the pedestrians and the works area where possible by means of a suitable barrier.

Care is needed to ensure that the barriers used do not cause a trip hazard or become a hazard if displaced or vandalised.
If pedestrian demand is high then there may be a requirement to maintain existing signalised crossing or provide additional temporary signalised crossing points or flaggers with Stop & Go discs.

Crossing points or exits for site vehicles should be highlighted to pedestrians and exiting site traffic made aware of the possible presence of pedestrians or cyclists.

Where site conditions do not allow for temporary walkways through or around the works, a safe diversion route should be provided.
Signing should be placed along the diversion route with temporary lighting and signals where required.

Figure 8.

Typical Warnings for Pedestrians 38 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan 7.

IMPLEMENTATION, MAINTENANCE AND REMOVAL OF TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENTS Traffic management arrangements should not be left in place for longer than necessary.
They should be installed only when the works are about to commence and they should be removed in a timely manner once the works are completed.

Installation and removal of temporary traffic measures should be carried out in a manner to ensure the safety of the works personnel and road users.

Personnel charged with supervising temporary traffic management should be charged with the responsibility to also supervise these functions.
Installation, maintenance and removal of the traffic management signage and other items must be implemented as follows: 1.

Minimise the hazard or danger to road users or the workforce while installing temporary traffic measures.

2.

Plan the order of site establishment to ensure a safe method of work and continued 3. use by the road users.

Implement the temporary traffic measures in accordance with the approved design.
Changes or short cuts made on site could have negative safety implications for the workforce and/or road users.

4.

Ensure the correct use, installation and positioning of signs, cones, lamps, reflectors and barriers in accordance with the agreed proposals and manufacturers’ specifications.

All signs and barriers should be secured with consideration given to expected weather conditions.

5.

Take down or cover existing signs or signals that may contradict the temporary traffic measures.
Temporary traffic measures by their nature change the layout of the road and it is imperative that existing information be hidden from view if no longer correct, and the new information correctly positioned.

6.

Carry out a drive through / visual check prior to the use of the temporary traffic measures by the public, or as soon as possible thereafter.
This check should confirm that the site is safe, compliant and installed in accordance with the agreed proposals ensuring the signs, cones and barriers give a clear message to the road users and works personnel.

7.

Remove all temporary traffic measures once the works are completed.

8.

The removal of the temporary traffic measures should normally be the reverse of the order of establishment.

This allows temporary signs, cones, etc.


to be removed and existing signs reinstated against the flow of traffic, thereby avoiding confusion for the road user.

In order to encourage the road users to take notice of temporary traffic measures it is important that all signs, cones, etc.

be removed or covered when not required.

If road users pass signs and cones in place with no operation being carried out, they may disregard these when the operation is underway.

9.

10.
9.

10.

(Re)-erect or uncover relevant permanent signs or signals once the works are completed.

Once the temporary traffic measures are removed, the road reverts to the permanent layout and all regulatory and warning signs must be in place and operational.

A check to ensure this has been done should be carried out once the removal of temporary traffic measures is complete.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 39 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan 8.

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENTS The effectiveness of a good temporary traffic management plan is maintained by constant maintenance during the works.

The following procedures should be adopted: 1.

Regular inspection of the temporary traffic measures should be undertaken to ensure that the measures have been implemented as intended, all signs, cones, barriers, etc.
are still in place and are in reasonable condition, and that the measures appear to be working satisfactorily.

Any defects should be rectified without delay.

It is good practice to maintain records of such inspections.

2.

Due to the nature of construction work, dust and mud may be generated and hence regular cleaning of cones, signs, reflectors and road surfaces is required, as their reflectivity is greatly reduced by just a thin covering of dust or mud.
Particular attention should be given to cleaning reflectors on temporary safety barriers.

Also signs and cones can be knocked over or displaced and should be checked regularly and rectified.

3.

Queuing should be monitored while temporary traffic measures are in place, and appropriate action taken to alleviate the queuing if excessive.

The positioning of warning signs on the approach to the queue should be checked and, if necessary, adjusted.
In general, temporary traffic measures should not be altered to facilitate the works, as this could have a detrimental effect.

If a change is considered necessary, this must be assessed and either implemented by the Supervisor or re-designed and possibly re- submitted for approval.

4.

5.

For unattended sites, the actual size of the works area should be reduced as much as possible and made safe, secure and stable.
A separate set of proposals that details the revised site layout while unattended should be prepared.

40 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan 9.

FIXED SITE SIGNAGE REQUIREMENTS Maintain Client-approved signage leading to and at the entrance/exit to important sites (e.g.
contractor laydown areas, tarish pit, spoil disposal sites) to alert all road users to the possibility of encountering slow turning traffic.

Site entrances/exits should be signed using Signs 17 Site Access On Left and 18 Site Access On Right, as appropriate.

Site safety signage should be erected near the site entrance.

See Figure 9 for a typical sign.

Figure 9.


Typical signage for site safety RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 41 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan 10.

REFERENCES Gov.uk.

The Highway Code.

https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-highway-code/traffic-signs Downloaded August 21, 2018.

RSA Signs.

http://www.roadsignsaustralia.com.au/ourproducts/TrafficSigns/AustralianStandard/Tempora rySigns.aspx Downloaded August 21, 2018.
Department of Transport (Ireland) et al, 2010.

Guidance for the Control and Management of Traffic at Road Works, 2nd edition.

Department of Transport (Ireland), 2010.

Chapter 1, Traffic Signs Manual: Introduction and Sign Location.

NRA Publications, National Roads Authority, Dublin.

Department of Transport (Ireland), 2010.

Chapter 5, Traffic Signs Manual: Regulatory Signs.

NRA Publications, National Roads Authority, Dublin.

Department of Transport (Ireland), 2010.


Chapter 6, Traffic Signs Manual: Warning Signs.

NRA Publications, National Roads Authority, Dublin.

Department of Transport (Ireland), 2010.

Chapter 8, Traffic Signs Manual: Temporary Traffic Measures and Signs for Roadworks.

NRA Publications, National Roads Authority, Dublin.

Transport Infrastructure Ireland (TII), 2013.

Specification for Road Works Series 1200 – Traffic Signs and Road Markings.

CC-SPW-01200.

TII Publications.


42 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan 11.

ANNEX 1.

STANDARD SIGNAGE Table A1.1.

Warning signs to be used at road works No.

Sign face Description Roadworks Ahead: this sign shall be the first temporary sign visible to the road user on the approach to any roadworks.
It may be supplemented with a Supplementary Plate indicating the nature of the works.

At some sites, it is necessary to provide additional Signs well in advance of the start of the roadworks.

Where this is the case, the signs shall have a Supplementary Plate indicating the distance to the start of the works.

Cautionary Speed: the “Roadworks Ahead‟ sign may also be used at intervals through the roadworks together with Supplementary Plate Cautionary Speed.
End of Roadworks: the “Roadworks Ahead‟ sign shall be erected together with a Supplementary End, as the last temporary sign visible to the road user leaving any roadworks.

This “End‟ plate marks the finish of all other roadworks warning signs used within the site.

Single Lane (for Shuttle Working): this sign should be used to indicate that a length of road is operating with a single lane of traffic where the opposing traffic is either stopped or diverted.
It is intended to reassure drivers that they will not encounter oncoming traffic.

Two-way Traffic: this sign may be used to highlight a two-way diversion around the works.

Road Narrows on Left: this sign should be used to depict roadworks on the left side of the carriageway on sections of two-lane road where a sudden reduction in carriageway width creates a potential hazard.

It may also be used at roadworks with “Priority‟, “Give and Take‟ or shuttle working.
Road Narrows on Right: this sign should be used to depict roadworks on the right side of the carriageway on sections of two-lane road where a sudden reduction in carriageway width creates a potential hazard.

It may also be used at roadworks with “Priority‟, “Give and Take‟ or shuttle working.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 43 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan No.


Sign face Description 44 Road Narrows on Both Sides: this sign should be used to depict roadworks on both sides of the carriageway on sections of two-lane road where a sudden reduction in carriageway width creates a potential hazard.

It may also be used at roadworks with “Priority‟, “Give and Take‟ or shuttle working.
Flagger Ahead: this sign should be used to indicate the presence ahead of manual traffic control by means of Stop & Go discs.

Queues Likely: this sign should be used where queues are likely to occur in an unexpected location due to roadworks.

It may be used where a queue may form just after a bend.

This sign shall always be preceded by a Roadworks Sign (1) with a Supplementary Plate stating the distance to the start of the roadworks.
Hump or Ramp: this sign should be used to indicate the presence of a hump in the road either due to roadworks or to a traffic calming measure.

Uneven Surface: this sign may be used to indicate that there is an uneven surface for vehicles, usually associated with the different layers of surfacing.

At the start of the relevant section of road, this sign should be erected with supplementary Plate, Slow.

This sign with Supplementary Plate End, should be erected to mark the end of the section affected.
However, if this coincides with the end of the roadworks, Sign 1 with Supplementary Plate End should be erected instead.

Slippery Road: this sign should be used to warn that the danger of vehicles skidding is greater than normal.

The degree of danger cannot be defined as traffic, superelevation, weather and other factors.

The sign will normally be used where traffic is running on a temporary surface or the final surfacing has not yet been laid.
the skid resistance, speed of it depends on Supplementary Plate Unfinished Road Surface, and Plate, Cautionary Speed, may be used in conjunction this Sign WK 072.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan No.

Sign face Description This Sign with Supplementary Plate End, should be erected to mark the end of the section affected.
However, if this coincides with the end of the roadworks, Sign1 with Supplementary Plate End should be erected instead.

Where roadworks are substantially complete but it is necessary for a road to remain for a period with a surface other than the permanent final surface course, this Sign should be used.

Since this is a roadworks sign with an orange background, it must be preceded by Sign 1 even though other traffic management measures are removed.
Loose Chippings: this sign should be used to indicate that there is a risk of airborne chips or stones due to a surfacing operation being undertaken.

At the start of the relevant section of road, this sign may be erected with Supplementary Plate,Slow,or Cautionary Speed.

This Sign with Supplementary Plate End, should be erected to mark the end of the section affected.

However, if this coincides with the end of the roadworks, Sign 1 with Supplementary Plate End should be erected instead.
Soft Verge: Where it is considered necessary to warn drivers of soft verges, Soft Verges, may be erected.

This sign with Supplementary Plate End, should be erected to mark the end of the section affected.

However, if this coincides with the end of the roadworks, Sign 1 with Supplementary Plate End should be erected instead.

Pedestrians Cross to Left: this sign should be used to indicate that a footway is closed ahead and pedestrians should cross to the left at this point.
Pedestrians Cross to Right: this sign should be used to indicate that a footway is closed ahead and pedestrians should cross to the right at this point.

Site Access on Left: this sign should be used to indicate the position of a site entrance and/or exit to the left.

At sites with several entrances, a supplementary colour code or numbering system may be used with this sign.

13 14 15 16 17 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 45 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan No.

Sign face Description 46 Site Access on Right: this sign should be used to indicate the position of a site entrance and/or exit to the right.

At sites with several entrances, a supplementary colour code or numbering system may be used with this sign.

Detour: these signs should be used in advance and at the start of a diversion route for any road that is closed due to roadworks.
They indicate to the traffic the distance to the start of the detour.

The distance displayed should be in accordance with Table A1.2b.

Diverted Traffic: these signs should be used to indicate straight ahead, left or right at every decision point, for the road user to follow a diversion route for any road that is closed due to roadworks.

The arrow direction may be varied to suit.


On diversions with long distances between decision points, it is recommended that the straight ahead variant be repeated at intervals, to reassure drivers that they are still on the correct route.

End of Detour: this sign should be placed at the end of a diversion route, to advise drivers that they are back on the original route.

Road Closed: this sign should only be used in conjunction with Sign 1 when a road has been closed to facilitate roadworks.
Stop Here On Red: this sign may be used to indicate to drivers where to stop when temporary traffic controls are in place.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan Table A1.2.

Supplementary Plates for use at roadworks No Sign face Description 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Distance: This plate may be used in conjunction with any roadworks sign to indicate the distance to a hazard.
The distance shown on the plate shall be in accordance with Table A1.2b.

Length: This plate may be used in conjunction with any roadworks sign to indicate the extent of the hazard.

The distance shown on the plate shall be in accordance with Table A1.2b.

Direction: These plates may be used in conjunction with any roadworks sign to indicate the direction to a hazard.

Direction and Distance: These plates may be used in conjunction with any roadworks sign to indicate the direction and distance to a hazard.
The distance shown on the plate shall be in accordance with Table A1.2b.

End: this plate may be used in conjunction with any roadworks sign to highlight to the road user that the end of a specific hazard or operation has been reached.

Cautionary Speed: this plate may be used in conjunction with Sign 1, Roadworks Ahead, Sign 12 Slippery Road, or Sign 13, Loose Chippings, to indicate the speed which traffic is recommended not to exceed.

The speed displayed may be 25km/h.


Slow: this plate may be used in conjunction with any roadworks sign to highlight to the road user that speed should be reduced when passing a particular hazard or operation.

Typical sign Type of Works: these plates may be used in conjunction with Sign 1 at the start of roadworks to highlight to the road user a specific type of operation is being carried out.
One of the following alternatives should be used as appropriate: Cliff Excavation Open Excavation Bridge Inspection Bridge Repairs Grass Cutting Gritting RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 47 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan No Sign face Description Gully Emptying Line Painting Road Marking Road Repairs Road Resurfacing Tree Cutting 32 33 34 Use Hard Shoulder: this plate may be used in conjunction with Signs where it is necessary for the hard shoulder to be used as a traffic lane.

Hard Shoulder Closed: this plate may be used in conjunction with Sign 1 to indicate that the hard shoulder, but not the traffic lanes, is closed temporarily.
Unfinished Road Surface: this plate should be used in conjunction with Sign, Slippery Road, to indicate that the final surfacing has not yet been laid.

Table A1.2b Distances for Supplementary Plates Measured Distance to Hazard Distance on Plate to be Rounded to Nearest < 100m 100m - 500m 500m - 900m 900m - 4000m > 4000m 10m 50m 100m 0.5km 1km Table A1.3.

Other signs for use at roadworks No.

Sign face Description 35 48 Chevron Boards: Chevron boards are used to direct traffic at a change of direction.
At roadworks, they are normally situated behind a line of cones or other barrier in the line of sight of approaching drivers.

Standard chevron boards have two or three chevrons, but longer boards may be used.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan No.

Sign face Description 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 Barrier Boards: Barrier boards indicate that a lane is closed.
At roadworks, they are normally situated behind a line of cones or other barrier to indicate the start of a closed lane.

Barrier boards may be repeated at intervals along the closed lane.

Standard barrier boards have three, four or five red bars.

They shall always start and finish with a red bar.

Speed Limit: Speed limit signs indicate the maximum allowable speed applying to a length of road.
At roadworks, they may indicate the permanent speed limit for that length of road, or a roadworks speed limit implemented for the particular works.

Speed Limit signs may show a speed of a 60, 50 or 30km/h.

No other speed limit value shall be used.

A speed limit sign should be erected on both sides of the carriageway.

Repeater signs should be provided at a maximum of 500m intervals and after a junction.
No Overtaking: No Overtaking sign prohibits overtaking at locations where it is considered dangerous to do so.

At the point where the overtaking restriction ends, the Sign shall be erected together with a Supplementary Plate, End.

Yield: The Yield Sign imposes a requirement on all approaching vehicular traffic to yield.

It is generally provided in association with a Yield Line.

Stop: The Stop Sign imposes a requirement on all approaching vehicular traffic to stop.
It is generally provided in association with a Stop Line.

Keep Left: Traffic must pass to the left of the sign.

Used at a nosing or similar, where all traffic must pass to the left.

Keep Right: Traffic must pass to the right of the sign.

Used at a nosing or similar, where all traffic must pass to the right.

Stop and Go: Stop and Go discs shall display “STOP‟ with a red background on one side and “GO‟ or with a green background on the reverse.
These signs are used for controlling traffic by manual methods.

If a sign is to be used to stop both streams of traffic at the one time, such as at a site exit, then a panel displaying “STOP‟ on both sides should be used.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 49 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan Table A1.4.

Regulatory signs that may be used for temporary roadworks No.
Sign face Description 44 45 The No Entry Sign indicates that no vehicle may pass beyond the location of the sign.

It shall be used in situations where there are no stated exceptions.

The No Overtaking Sign prohibits overtaking at locations where it is considered dangerous to do so.

50 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan 12.

ANNEX 2.
ANNEX 2.

TYPICAL TRAFFIC CONTROL MEASURES The following figures illustrate temporary traffic measures required in a number of typical situations for a so-called level 2 road (single carriageway, 50 or 60 km/h).

These are extracted from.

Chapter 8, Traffic Signs Manual: Temporary Traffic Measures and Signs for Roadworks (National Roads Authority (NRA) Publications, 2010).
Plans are provided as follows: Signs for worksite area – direction of travel 2 Figure A2.1 Advance signs – direction of travel 1 Figure A2.2 Advanced signs – direction of travel 2 Figure A2.3 Taper lengths Figure A2.4 Signs for worksite area -direction of travel 1 Figure A2.5 Signs for worksite area -direction of travel 2 Figure A2.6 Manual or signal controlled shuttle system Advance signs – direction of travel 1 Figure A2.7 Manual or signal controlled shuttle system Advance signs – direction of travel 2 Figure A2.8 Manual or signal controlled shuttle system Signs for worksite area – direction of travel 1 Figure A2.9 Manual or signal controlled shuttle system RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 51 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan Figure A2.1 52 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan Figure A2.2 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 53 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan Figure A2.3 54 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan Figure A2.4 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 55 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan Figure A2.5 56 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan Figure A2.6 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 57 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan Figure A2.7 58 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan Figure A2.8 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 59 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan Figure A2.9 60 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 2: Temporary Traffic Management Plan 13.

ANNEX 3.

SPECIFICATIONS FOR MOUNTING OF TEMPORARY SIGNS FOR PERIODS IN EXCESS OF 3 MONTHS The minimum requirements for support systems for temporary signs to be in place for more than 3 months is as follows: 1.
Where signs are to be stand mounted, stands shall be formed of 25mm x 25mm x 3mm mild steel equal angle for signs of 750mm maximum dimension and 40mm x 40mm x 5mm mild steel equal angle for signs ≥ 750mm.

2.

Stands shall be hot dip galvanised.

2.

Corners of frames shall be mitred or cold formed, but where the longest side of any rectangle, the side of any square or the diameter of any circle exceeds 1200mm cold formed corners of frames shall be strengthened by welding.
Cold formed mitred corners shall have a gap not greater than 3mm at the extremity of the fold before welding.

All welds shall cover the full cut of the mitre.

Stands for signs exceeding 900mm in height shall have four legs.

3.

All pivoted joints of the sign shall be bolted.

Bolts and nuts used on any part of the sign shall be stainless steel and shall not be less than 8mm diameter.

Alternative support systems may be provided on approval of the Employer’s Representative.
Signs in rural areas should normally be erected with the lower edge of the sign or supplementary plate at the greater of 1500mm above the level of the adjacent paved surface and 1000mm above ground level below the sign.

Signs should be mounted clear of any vegetation.

In locations where pedestrians are likely to walk under the sign, the desirable mounting height is 2300mm.

Low-level direction signs at roundabouts and junctions may be mounted at lower heights, but not less than 750mm above ground level.
However, care must be taken to ensure that the signs do not obstruct sight lines.

If signs are erected on structures, mounting heights less than 2300mm may be used, provided that the signs can still be seen, do not obstruct pedestrians and are out of the range of spray thrown up by passing vehicles.
RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP2-Ed02 61 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan APPENDIX 3.- PRELIMINARY OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (OSH) RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 141 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan  CONTENTS 1.
INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 7 2.

CONTRACTOR RESPONSIBILITY FOR SAFETY AND HEALTH ........................................................... 8 2.1.

EMPLOYER RESPONSIBILITIES .......................................................................................................... 8 2.2.
SENIOR SITE STAFF RESPONSIBILTIES ............................................................................................... 9 2.3.

SUPERVISOR RESPONSIBILITIES ........................................................................................................ 9 2.4.

EMPLOYEE RESPONSIBILITIES .......................................................................................................... 9 2.5.
MANAGEMENT OF VISITORS TO THE SITE .................................................................................... 10 3.

WORKERS’ RIGHTS ....................................................................................................................... 11 4.

GENERAL SAFETY RULES (WORKER CODE OF CONDUCT) ......................................................... 12 4.1.
SITE SIGNAGE ................................................................................................................................. 12 5.

SPECIFIC SAFETY RULES ............................................................................................................... 13 5.1.

ROAD WORKS ................................................................................................................................ 13 5.2.
EXCAVATION AND TRENCHING OPERATIONS .......................................................................... 13 5.2.1.

Hazard assessment ........................................................................................................ 13 5.2.2.

Protective systems ......................................................................................................... 13 5.3.
WORKING AT HEIGHT .................................................................................................................... 15 5.3.1.

Guardrail systems ........................................................................................................... 16 5.3.2.

Safety Nets ...................................................................................................................... 17 5.3.3.
Personal Fall Arrest System ............................................................................................ 18 5.3.4.

Positioning Device System ............................................................................................ 20 5.3.5.
Fall Restraint System ....................................................................................................... 20 5.3.6. controlled access zone ................................................................................................ 20 5.3.7.

Fall Protection Plans ....................................................................................................... 21 5.4.
WORKING OVER OR NEAR WATER ............................................................................................. 21 5.5.

WORK SHOP AREAS ...................................................................................................................... 22 5.6.

MOTOR VEHICLES AND MOBILE EQUIPMENT ............................................................................. 22 5.6.1.

Vehicle and equipment suitability, inspection and maintenance ........................ 22 5.6.2.
Vehicle operation .......................................................................................................... 24 5.6.3.

Mobile plant operation ................................................................................................. 26 5.6.3.1.

General ......................................................................................................... 26 5.6.3.2.

Overhead and Underground Services ..................................................... 27 5.6.4.
Hoisting equipment ....................................................................................................... 28 5.6.5.

Safe equipment operation around workers on foot ................................................ 28 5.7.

HAND TOOLS ................................................................................................................................. 29 5.8.
POWER TOOLS ............................................................................................................................... 29 5.8.1.

Electrical Systems ........................................................................................................... 29 5.8.2.

Electrical Equipment ..................................................................................................... 29 5.8.3.
Grinders ........................................................................................................................... 30 5.8.4.

Gas Welding ................................................................................................................... 30 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 i Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan  CONTENTS 5.8.5.
Electrical Arc Welding ................................................................................................... 31 5.9.

HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES ........................................................................................................... 31 5.9.1.

General ........................................................................................................................... 31 5.9.2.
Fuel and oil storage and use ....................................................................................... 32 5.9.3.

Petrol – additional requirements ................................................................................. 32 5.9.4.

Emergency response .................................................................................................... 32 5.9.5.
Explosives......................................................................................................................... 32 5.10.

CEMENT HANDLING ...................................................................................................................... 32 5.11.

ASPHALT CEMENT HANDLING ..................................................................................................... 33 5.11.1.
Hazards associated with asphalt ................................................................................ 33 5.11.2.

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) ......................................................................... 34 5.11.3.

Engineering Controls ..................................................................................................... 35 5.11.4.
Respiratory Protection ................................................................................................... 35 5.11.5.

Fire and Explosion Hazards ........................................................................................... 36 5.12.

WORKING HOURS ......................................................................................................................... 36 5.13.
VENTILATION .................................................................................................................................. 36 5.14.

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) ................................................................................ 36 5.14.1.

General ........................................................................................................................... 36 5.14.2.
Protective Clothing for Asphalt Handling .................................................................. 36 5.14.3.

Head Protection ............................................................................................................. 37 5.14.4.

Face and Eye Protection .............................................................................................. 37 5.14.5.
Noise ................................................................................................................................ 38 5.14.6.

Finger, Palm and Hand Protection .............................................................................. 39 5.14.7.

Foot Protection ............................................................................................................... 39 5.14.8.
General Clothing ........................................................................................................... 39 5.15.

FIRST AID AND ACCIDENT RESPONSE ......................................................................................... 40 5.16.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE ............................................................................................................... 41 5.17.
HOUSEKEEPING .............................................................................................................................. 41 6.

TRAINING ..................................................................................................................................... 43 6.1.

GENERAL ........................................................................................................................................ 43 6.2.
EXCAVATION AND ROAD WORKS .............................................................................................. 43 6.3.

FALL PROTECTION ......................................................................................................................... 44 6.4.

SUPERVISORS ................................................................................................................................. 44 6.5.
EQUIPMENT OPERATORS .............................................................................................................. 45 6.6.

HANDLING OF ASPHALT ............................................................................................................... 45 7.

REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................. 46 8.

ANNEX 1.
ANNEX 1.

WORK HEALTH AND SAFETY (WHS) MANAGEMENT PLAN ........................................ 47 2 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan Acronyms and Abbreviations AFSCME American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees ESHS Environmental Social Health and Safety Cap.

Chapter CEP CFP Ch.
CIMH CITES Consulting Engineers Partnership Chance Find Procedures Chainage Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology UN Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CPR Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation DOMLEC Dominica Electricity Services DOWASCO Dominica Water and Sewage Corporation DVRP ECU EC$ EHD EHO EIA EMF EMP FAD FP GCF GOD GRM H:V H&S Disaster Vulnerability Reduction Project Environmental Coordinating Unit Eastern Caribbean Dollars Environmental Health Department Environmental Health Officer Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental Management Framework Environmental Management Plan Fish Aggregating Device Flashpoint Global Climate Fund Government of the Commonwealth of Dominica grant reporting and monitoring ( Horizontal:Vertical Health and Safety HEC-RAS Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System HGV IPP ITCP IUCN Heavy Goods Vehicle Innovation Policy Platform Internal traffic control plan International Union for Conservation of Nature RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 3 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan LHS Left Hand Side LMCC Lorry Mounted Crash Cushions MEA MOA Multilateral Environmental Agreement Ministry of Agriculture MSDS Material Safety Data Sheets NA NGO Not Applicable Non-governmental Organisation NIOSH National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health NLUP National Land Use Policy No.
NPDP Number Dominica National Physical Development Plan OECS Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States OH&S Occupational Health and Safety OP/BP Operational Procedures/Bank Procedures OSH PCU PCR PMC RPF PSC PRO POPs PPE RHS SIA SLM SNC SRO STEL Safe Work Method Statements Occupational Safety and Health Project Coordinating Unit Physical Cultural Resources Project Management/Monitoring Committee Resettlement Policy Framework Project steering Committee Public Relations Officer Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Personal Protective Equipment Right Hand Side Social Impact Assessment Sustainable Land Management Second National Communication Statutory Rules and Orders Short Term Exposure Limit SWMS Safe Work Method Statement TCP Traffic Control Principles 4 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan TNC TOR Third National Communication Terms of Reference UNCLOS UN Convention of Law of the Sea UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific ad Cultural Organisation US$ VI VS WHS Ø United States Dollars Vertical Interval Vetiver Systems Work, Health and Safety Diameter RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 5 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan 1.

INTRODUCTION Accidents do not just happen.

They are caused because someone acted unsafely or failed to act in a responsible, safe manner.

This document sets out an Occupational Health and Safety Plan for construction of the Dominica Eastern Island Road Works Project and contains information and procedures to provide for the occupational safety and health of personnel on the site.
This OSH plan should be read in conjunction with the Temporary Traffic Management Plan developed for the project.

Both of these plans are requirements set out in the project design TOR, as the Government of Dominica is committed to providing a safe project environment free from recognized hazards.

This can only occur if everyone cooperates and becomes safety conscious.
Workers in road works zones are exposed to risk of injury from the movement of construction vehicles and equipment within the works zones as well as from passing motor vehicle traffic.

Road workers routinely work in proximity to construction vehicles and motor vehicle traffic.

Flaggers and other workers on foot are exposed to the risk of being struck by traffic vehicles or construction equipment if they are not visible to motorists or equipment operators.
Workers who operate construction vehicles or equipment risk injury due to overturn, collision, or being caught in running equipment.

Workers engaged in or in the vicinity of excavation works are exposed to the hazard of excavation cave-ins or collapse.

Road workers, regardless of the assigned task, work in conditions of low lighting, low visibility and inclement weather, and may work in congested areas with exposure to high traffic volume and/or speeds.
In general, the relationship of on-the-job activities to health effects is not well understood, especially those relationships between continued exposure over long periods of time and the resulting impact on an individual's health.

As a result, this OSH plan takes a conservative approach in an attempt to reduce the overall occupational exposure of individuals to work place hazards.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 7 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan 2.

CONTRACTOR RESPONSIBILITY FOR SAFETY AND HEALTH 2.1.

EMPLOYER (CONTRACTOR) RESPONSIBILITIES Note that Contractor and Employer are used interchangeably in this document.

The Employer is ultimately responsible for the occupational safety of his workers and is required to comply with the standards and guidelines regarding health and safety contained in the Labour Code and Employment Health and Safety Act.
The company policy on occupational health and safety should be provided to the Client and the Labour Department in advance of the works.

The company’s safety statement, Work Health and Safety (WHS) Management Plan and Safe Work Method Statements (SWMS) and other relevant information are to be provided to the project supervisor for approval in advance of works commencement.

See Annex 1 for more guidance on the submissions required in this regard.
The Employer is required to make safety a matter of continuing concern, equal in importance to all other operational considerations, and to develop and administer systematic policies, procedures and practices for protecting workers from job related safety and health hazards.
For road works the employer must, as far as is a reasonably practicable:  Manage and conduct road work activities in a way to ensure, the safety, health and welfare at work of employees;  Manage and conduct work activities so as to prevent, any improper conduct or behavior likely to put employees at risk;  Ensure: - Design, provision and maintenance of the road works site in a condition that is safe and without risk to health; - Design, provision and maintenance of safe means of access to and egress from the works; - Design, provision and maintenance of plants and machinery or other articles that are safe and without risk to health.
 Provide systems of work that are planned, organized, performed, maintained and revised as appropriate, so as to be safe and without risk to health;  Provide and maintain facilities and arrangements for the welfare of employees at work, including sanitation, first aid, etc.

;  Provide information, instruction, training and supervision to ensure the safety, health and welfare of employees at work e.g.
Tool box talks, site inductions, CSCS training as required;  Determine and implement the safety, health and welfare measures necessary for the protection of the safety, health and welfare of employees.

 Provide procedures to deal with emergencies that may arise while employees are at work; and  Consult and cooperate with safety and health representatives, if any, and other employees at the workplace regarding safety and health at the workplace.
A job safety analysis should be undertaken by the Employer at each job site to include: 8 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan Identification of the hazards;   An assessment of the risks from the identified hazards;  Control measures required to eliminate or minimize the risks;  Identification of the person(s) responsible for implementing and monitoring the control measures.

A systematic monitoring and review system must be implemented to assess the effectiveness of the controls.
Where the risk is adequately controlled, the controls should be maintained and the hazard should be monitored.

Where the risk is not adequately controlled, appropriate action, with further monitoring and review, must be taken.

The Employer for required to delegate specified authorities and occupational safety to the project’s senior site staff and designated Health and Safety Officer(s).
responsibilities is The Employer is required to carry the requisite insurances, and provide evidence of these to the works supervisor.

2.2.

SENIOR SITE STAFF RESPONSIBILTIES All senior site staff are required to study this plan.

They will also be responsible for conveying the information contained to all personnel under their direct supervision.
A qualified senior member of the site staff is to be designated as Health and Safety Officer with the responsibility to ensure that all workforce health and safety matters are properly and fully addressed.

Senior site staff are ultimately responsible for the safety performance of the site, notwithstanding the authority and responsibilities for occupational safety assigned to the designated Health and Safety Officer.
For roadworks, there must be on site at all times when the works are in progress and workers on site, at least one person competent in roadworks health and safety.

The works must be supervised by a competent person with adequate knowledge of requirements relating to signing, lighting and guarding on roads.

2.3.

SUPERVISOR RESPONSIBILITIES Supervisors are at the point of implementation for most safety activities.
Competent persons must be assigned to maintain supervision during excavation and other works.

Supervisors will assume the responsibility of thoroughly instructing their personnel in safe practices to be followed in their work situations.

They will consistently enforce safety standards and requirements to the utmost of their ability and authority.
Supervisors will act positively to eliminate any potential hazards concerning activities under their jurisdiction, and they will set an example of good safety practice.

2.4.

EMPLOYEE RESPONSIBILITIES Every employee is expected, as a condition of employment, to be concerned with personal safety, safety of fellow workers, and safety of the general public, and is required to support the safety plan objectives.
All employees are required to understand and sign the general safety rules (see Section 4 below) before commencing work activity on the site.

All employees are responsible for compliance with safety procedures, standards and regulations established.

This is essential to prevent injury to themselves, other persons, or damage to RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 9 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan equipment and property.

They are also responsible for promptly reporting to their supervisor any hazardous conditions or procedures that affect themselves, their fellow workers, or the general public.

2.5.

MANAGEMENT OF VISITORS TO THE SITE Visitors to the site must first check with the site office for authorization.

The site office is to inform the site supervisor accordingly.
Visitors must then check with the site supervisor before proceeding onto the site.

Visitors are required to comply with directives of the Supervisor while on the site.

10 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan 3.

WORKERS’ RIGHTS A copy of the following workers’ rights should be provided to all workers before the project commences.

Workers have the right to: 1.


Working conditions that do not pose a risk of serious harm.

2.

Receive information and training (in a language and vocabulary the worker understands) about workplace hazards, methods to prevent them, and the OSH standards that apply to their workplace.

3.

Participate in developing health and safety plans to ensure that workplace hazard risks are adequately mitigated.

4.
4.

File a complaint asking for the relevant authorities to inspect their workplace if they believe there is a serious hazard or that their Employer is not complying with OSH requirements.

The authorities are expected to keep all identities confidential.

5.

Exercise their rights under the law without retaliation, including reporting an injury or raising health and safety concerns with their Employer or the relevant authorities.
If a worker has been retaliated against for using their rights, they should file a complaint with the relevant authorities as soon as possible.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 11 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan 4.

GENERAL SAFETY RULES (WORKER CODE OF CONDUCT) The following general safety rules should be clearly explained to all workers before the project commences.
Each worker is required to sign a document containing these rules, confirming that they understand and agree to abide by them.

One copy will be kept on the worker’s file, and another will be retained by the worker.

1.

Practical jokes and horseplay have no place on the job.

Any employee participating in such activities shall be subject to disciplinary action.

2.

Consumption of alcoholic beverages and/or use of illegal drugs on the job or during working hours is prohibited.

3.
3.

All hazard warning signs are to be obeyed.

4.

Only personnel properly authorized and trained are to operate equipment.

5.

All machinery and equipment are to have appropriate safety guards in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations and good safety practice.

The guards should not be removed except for service.

installed 6.

Appropriate clothing suitable to the type of work performed is to be worn: a) Bare feet or sandals are not permitted in any work area.

Safety boots must be worn.


b) Loose clothing is not to be worn near machinery or equipment with moving parts.

c) Jewellery such as rings, identification bracelets, etc., is to be removed when work involves climbing, material handling or operating mechanical equipment.

7.

Personal protective equipment (PPE) and/or clothing is to be worn as required.

Hard hats should be worn at all times by workers in or around excavations, trenches, sewers, or other sub-surface operations.

8.
8.

All accidents, no matter how slight the injury, and all near misses are to be reported as soon as possible to the immediate supervisor.

4.1.

SITE SIGNAGE A site safety sign, an example of which is depicted opposite, should be erected at all works locations such as laydown areas, workshops, spoil disposal sites and quarries.

These signs should only be erected on sites along the roadway if they will not obstruct vision of works and road users.
the Roadway signage temporary traffic management plan, which is a stand-alone, companion document to this OSH plan.

requirements are provided in 12 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan 5.

SPECIFIC SAFETY RULES The following safety procedures shall be followed.

5.1.
5.1.

ROAD WORKS The Temporary Traffic Management Plan developed by the Client is provided in the tender documents, and forms part of this OSH plan.

The Employer is required to abide by the guidance provided in that Plan in designing and establishing specific appropriate traffic management protocols at the various worksites.

5.2.

EXCAVATION AND TRENCHING OPERATIONS 5.2.1.

Hazard assessment 1.


Workers involved in excavation work are exposed to: a) Cave-ins and related hazards b) Hazards involving falling loads and mobile equipment 2.

Site conditions should be examined by a competent person designated by the Employer, to classify soil and rock deposits and determine safe slopes for excavations.

Safe slopes depend on the height of the face, soil types and geological conditions, moisture content of the soil and any surcharge loads.
Soil moisture content and geological conditions may change as excavation progresses, causing safe slopes to become hazardous.

A competent person must be capable of identifying existing and predicting hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous or dangerous to workers, and is to be authorized to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them.
Tasks performed by the competent person should include: a) Classifying soil b) Inspecting protective systems c) Designing structural ramps d) Monitoring water removal equipment e) Conducting site inspections 3.
Safety factors to be considered may include: a) Traffic b) Proximity and physical condition of nearby structures c) Soil classification d) Surface and groundwater e) Location of the water table f) Overhead and underground utilities g) Weather h) Quantity of shoring or protective systems that may be required i) Fall protection needs j) Number of ladders that may be needed k) Other equipment needs 5.2.2.

Protective systems 1.

Apply excavations standards appropriate to the site conditions.
Standards include: RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 13 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan a) Sloping the side of the excavation to an angle not steeper than that recommended for the soil type; b) Designing a sloping and benching system in accordance with relevant data.

2.

Cribbing of trenches should commence at a depth of 5 feet.
Earth banks more than 5 feet in depth, when not shored or braced, should be sloped to a safe angle.

Excavation work should be under the supervision of someone with the necessary experience and authority to modify the shoring and method of excavating as necessary to ensure safety.

Excavations less than 4 feet should also be guarded when hazardous ground movement may be expected.

3.
3.

Prohibit excavations that would undermine sidewalks, pavement and appurtenant structures unless the Employer provides an appropriately designed support system or other effective method of protecting workers from possible collapse.

4.

Provide for regular inspection by a competent person.
Employers must ensure that a competent person inspects all excavations, adjacent areas and protective systems DAILY for possible cave-ins, indications of failures in protective systems and equipment, hazardous atmospheres and other hazardous conditions.

Inspections must be done prior to the start of work and as needed throughout the shift.

Inspections are also required after natural events such as rainstorms or hazard-increasing occurrences such as blasting work.
If an inspector finds any unsafe conditions during an inspection, the Employer must clear workers from the hazardous area until the necessary safety precautions have been taken.

5.

Frequently check soil condition and state of any battering, benching and shoring.

6.
6.

Protect workers from excavated or other materials or equipment that could pose a hazard by falling or rolling inside the excavation by placing or keeping such materials, tools or equipment at least 2 feet from the edge of trenches, curbs, or embankments and/or by using a retaining device to keep materials or equipment from rolling into the excavation.

7.
7.

Provide a warning system (such as barricades, hand or mechanical signals, or stop logs) when mobile equipment is operated adjacent to an excavation, or when such equipment must approach the edge of an excavation, and the operator does not have a clear and direct view of the edge.

8.

Protect workers and members of the public from falling into excavations by the use of appropriate barriers and warning signs.

9.
9.

Protect workers from loose rock or soil that could fall or roll from an excavation face by scaling to remove loose material, installing protective barricades at appropriate intervals, or using other equivalent forms of protection.

10.
10.

Institute and enforce work rules prohibiting workers from working on faces of sloped or benched excavations at levels above other workers unless the workers at the lower levels are adequately protected from the hazards of falling, rolling, or sliding material or equipment.

11.

Institute and enforce work rules prohibiting workers from standing or working under loads being handled by lifting or digging equipment.

12.
12.

Require workers to stand away from vehicles being loaded or unloaded to protect them from being struck by any spillage or falling materials.

13.

When chains, ropes, cables, slings, etc., are placed under tension, workers and observers should be warned to stay beyond the range of whipping strands in case they should separate due to tension.

14 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan 14.

Employers are responsible for maintaining materials and equipment used for protective systems.

Defective and damaged materials and equipment can cause protective systems to fail and lead to other excavation hazards.

15.

Unless a competent person determines otherwise, workers should not enter a trench excavation unless it has been safely sloped, benched, shored up or the workers are protected by a trench shield.

16.
16.

Workers in an excavation that is properly sloped or shored should not be in danger of being buried by a cave-in.

Provide an adequate means of exit, such as ladders or steps, located so as to require no more than twenty-five (25) feet of lateral travel.

17.

Provide sufficient industrial grade portable ladders to enable workers to gain access to or egress from the excavation.

Workers should not climb shoring systems as these may weaken and trigger a collapse.

18.
18.

Workers should not enter an excavation where water has accumulated or is accumulating unless adequate precautions are taken to protect them.

Such precautions can include support or shield systems to prevent cave-ins, water removal to control the water level, or the use of a safety harness and lifeline.

If a Contractor uses water removal equipment to control or prevent water accumulation, the equipment and operations must be monitored by a competent person to ensure proper use.
If excavation work interrupts the natural drainage of surface water, use diversion ditches, dikes, or other suitable means to prevent surface water from entering the excavation and to provide adequate drainage of the adjacent area.

In addition, a competent person must inspect excavations subject to runoffs from heavy rains.

19.

Prevention is the best insurance.

Watch the texture of the earth as it is removed.

If it is unstable (sand, loose fill, etc.)


warn workers to stay away from the edge until the shoring is installed.

20.

The public should be directed away from hazardous areas and material piles.

5.3.

WORKING AT HEIGHT 1.

Falls are the leading cause of death in construction.

Workers in positions where they may fall shall use suitable equipment to prevent them from falling.

2.

Fall protection is required when working at heights of 6 feet or greater above a lower level.
It applies at heights of less than 6 feet when working near dangerous equipment, e.g.

over machinery with open drive belts, pulleys or gears.
Fall protection may be needed for a worker who is on a ramp, runway, or another walkway; at the edge of an excavation; in a hoist area; on a steep roof; on, at, above, or near wall openings; on a walking or working surface with holes (including skylights) or unprotected sides or edges; above dangerous equipment; above a lower level where leading edges are under construction; on the face of formwork and reinforcing steel; or otherwise on a walking or working surface 6 feet or more above a lower level.

3.
3.

Generally, fall protection can be provided through conventional fall protection such as guardrail systems, safety net systems, or personal fall arrest systems.

Other systems may be used when performing certain activities e.g.

when working on formwork, a positioning device system may be used.

Selection of systems that prevent falls of any kind is encouraged, such as guardrails designed to keep workers from falling over the edge of a building.
It is presumed that using conventional fall protection (that is, guardrails, personal fall arrest systems, or safety nets) is feasible and will not create a greater hazard to use.

However, there are some circumstances when an employer can demonstrate that use of a site-specifc fall 4.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 15 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan protection plan is more approproate than a conventional fall protection.

This latter is discussed in greater detail lower down.

5.

The Employer is responsible for: i. ii.

iii.

iv.

assessing the workplace to determine if walking or working surfaces have the necessary strength and structural integrity to safely support the workers, and whether fall protection is required.

Planning ahead to ensure that the job is done safely.
The employer must first decide on how the job will be undertaken and the tasks involved, and then identify fall hazards and safety equipment that may be needed to complete each task.

Consider the structures below, the fall clearance, and what will happen in case of a fall.

Providing fall protection and the right equipment for the job, including the right kinds of ladders, scaffolds, and safety gear.

Consider level of comfort and mobility needed from the equipment and the location of your work.
Training everyone to use the equipment safely.

5.3.1.

Guardrail systems 1.

Guardrail systems are barriers erected to prevent workers from falling to lower levels.

If guardrail systems are used, the following provisions apply: i. ii.

Top rails must be 42 inches plus or minus 3 inches above the walking or working level.
Screens, midrails, mesh, intermediate vertical members, or equivalent intermediate structural members must be installed between the top edge of the guardrail system and the walking or working surface when there are no walls or parapet walls at least 21 inches high.

iii.

When midrails are used, they must be installed at a height midway between the top edge of the guardrail system and the walking or working level.

iv.
iv.

When screens and mesh are used, they must extend from the top rail to the walking or working level and along the entire opening between top rail supports.

When necessary, screens and/or mesh must be installed so as to prevent a worker from falling underneath.

v. When intermediate members (such as balusters) are used between posts, they must not be more than 19 inches apart.

vi.
vi.

Other structural members (such as additional midrails and architectural panels) must be installed so that there are no openings in the guardrail system more than 19 inches wide.

vii.

Guardrail systems must be capable of withstanding a force of at least 200 pounds applied within 2 inches of the top edge, in any outward or downward direction, at any point along the top edge.

viii.
viii.

Midrails, screens, mesh, intermediate vertical members, solid panels, and equivalent structural members must be capable of withstanding a force of at least 150 pounds applied in any downward or outward direction at any point along the midrail or other member.

ix.

Guardrail systems must have a surface to protect workers from punctures or lacerations and to prevent clothing from snagging.
The ends of top rails and midrails must not overhang terminal posts, except where an overhang poses no projection hazard.

Steel and plastic banding cannot be used as top rails or midrails.

x. xi.

16 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan xii.

xiii.
xiii.

Top rails and midrails of guardrail systems must have a nominal diameter or thickness of at least 1/4 inch to prevent cuts and lacerations.

If wire rope is used for top rails, it must be flagged at not more than 6-foot intervals with high-visibility material.

xiv.

When guardrail systems are used at hoisting areas, a chain, gate, or removable guardrail section must be placed across the access opening between guardrail sections during those times when hoisting operations are not taking place.

xv.
xv.

When guardrail systems are used at holes, they must be set up on all unprotected sides or edges.

When a hole is used for the passage of materials, it must not have morethan two sides with removable guardrail sections.

When the hole is not in use, it must be covered or provided with a guardrail system along all unprotected sides or edges.

If guardrail systems are used around holes being used as access points (such as ladderways), gates must be used.
Alternatively, the point of access must be offset to prevent workers from accidentally walking straight into the hole.

If guardrails are used on ramps and runways, they must be erected on each unprotected side or edge.

xvi.

xvii.

xviii.

Manila, plastic, or synthetic rope used for top rails or midrails must be inspected as frequently as necessary to ensure its strength and stability.

5.3.2.

Safety Nets 1.


When safety nets are used, they must be installed as close as practicable under the walking or working surface on which workers are working and never more than 30 feet below that level.

When nets are used on bridges, the potential fall area from the walking or working surface to the net must be unobstructed.

All safety nets must be installed with sufficient clearance underneath to prevent a falling body from hitting the surface or structure below the net.
If the employer chooses to use nets, the following criteria apply: Vertical distance from a working level to the horizontal plane of the net (ft) Minimum required horizontal distance from the edge of a working surface to the outer edge of the net (ft) Up to 5 ft Between 5 and 10 ft More trhan 10 ft 8 10 13 i. ii.

iii.

iv.

Drop-testing is required to ensure that safety nets and safety net installations are working properly.

Do not use defective nets.


Inspect nets at least once a week for wear, damage, or deterioration of components such as net connection points.

Remove materials, tools, and other items as soon as possible from the net and at least before the next work shift.

To work properly, a safety net must have safe openings.

Mesh openings must not exceed 36 square inches, and must not be longer than 6 inches on any side.

Each opening, measured center-to-center of mesh ropes or webbing, must not exceed 6 inches.
RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 17 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan v. vi.

vii.

All mesh crossings must be secured to prevent the openings from enlarging.

Use safety net (or section of net) with a border rope possessing a minimum breaking strength of 5,000 pounds.

Do not allow one weak link to compromise a safety net.
Use connections between safety net panels that are as strong as integral net components and spaced no more than 6 inches apart.

5.3.3.

Personal Fall Arrest System 6.

A personal fall arrest system is a system used to safely stop (arrest) a worker who is falling from a working level.

It consists of an anchorage, connectors, and a body harness.

It also may include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline, or suitable combinations of these.
Body belts (safety belts) are prohibited for use as part of a personal fall arrest system1.

When employers choose to use a personal fall arrest system as a means of worker fall protection they must: i. ii.

iii.

iv.

v. vi.

vii.

viii.

Limit the maximum arresting force on a worker to 1,800 pounds when used with a body harness.

Be rigged so that a worker can neither free fall more than 6 feet nor contact any lower level.
Bring a worker to a complete stop and limit the maximum deceleration distance a worker travels to 3.5 feet.

Have sufficient strength to withstand twice the potential impact energy of a worker free falling a distance of 6 feet or the free fall distance permitted by the system, whichever is less.

Be inspected prior to each use for wear, damage, and other deterioration.

Defective components must be removed from service.


In bridge-building environments:  Natural foot-level anchorage points exist, and horizontal lifeline systems may be installed as a means of fall protection.

Temporary horizontal lifeline systems are mostly used in bridge construction or repair.

These consist of sturdy but removable anchorage points and stanchions, cable, terminations, and a tensioner.
 A professional-grade fall protection harness and some form of lanyard or lifeline anchored to the work surface are the essential components of a fall protection setup.

Workers performing bridge repair need to have access to safe anchorage points.
Determining the loads applied to the anchorages and the clearance required below the working surface in the event of a fall can be extremely complicated, making horizontal lifelines one of the most complex types of fall protection equipment; pre- engineered systems by reputable manufacturers are an option.
There are four essential components of a temporary system: the cable that stretches the length of the work site and provides continuous tie-off protection, the stanchions the cable is attached to, the cable terminations, and an in-line shock absorber.
All of these are to be designed as a complete engineered system maintaining at least a 1 Limited use of body belts (safety belts) can still be used as part of a positioning device system or fall restraint system as outlined under Positioning Device Systems and Fall Restraint Systems.

18 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan two-to-one safety factor, meanig that all components must be rated for double the potential load that could be applied in the event of a fall.

When selecting a system, safety managers should look for the following specifications:  Cable: Should be galvanized or stainless steel for corrosion resistance and be 3/8 inch in diameter or larger to ensure sufficient strength.
Depending upon the work site's specific fall clearance requirements, this size of cable will allow longer spans between intermediates than smaller diameter cable, for additional work site flexibility.

  Anchorages: Anchorages used to attach personal fall arrest systems must be designed, installed, and used under the supervision of a qualified person, as part of a complete personal fall arrest system which maintains a safety factor of at least two.
Alternatively, the anchorages must be independent of any anchorage being used to support or suspend platforms and must be capable of supporting at least 5,000 pounds per worker attached or be capable of supporting at least twice the expected impact load.

Stanchions: Must offer a compatible connection to the walking/working surface to provide a positive and safe anchor point for the cable lifeline system.
They must be robust enough to ensure they are capable of withstanding a two-to-one safety factor based on the potential horizontal forces and be at least 42 inches high to minimize free fall distances.

Bypassable stanchions should be used for intermediate supports to guarantee 100 percent fall protection.

Terminations: Must be chosen based on the specific size of cable being used.

They must be capable of withstanding a two-to-one safety factor based on the potential horizontal fall arrest forces.
In-line shock absorbers: These devices offer the ability to control the horizontal forces created in a fall situation.

Manufacturers of these products offer specific loading requirements based on system performance.

Knowing what your end- anchor forces are ahead of time makes it easier to install a system that maintains a two-to-one safety factor.

Keep in mind the use of in-line shock absorbers also increases the fall clearance necessary to safely stop a fallen worker.
Snaphooks: Snaphooks must be the locking type and designed and used to prevent disengagement from any component part of the personal fall arrest system.
Locking type snaphooks may also be used when designed for the following connections:    - directly to webbing, rope, or wire rope; - - to each other; to a Dee-ring to which another snaphook or other connector is attached; to a horizontal lifeline; or to any object which is incompatibly shaped or dimensioned in relation to the snaphook, such that unintentional disengagement could occur by the connected object being able to depress the snaphook keeper and release itself.

- - ix.
- - ix.

Self-retracting lifelines and lanyards that automatically limit free fall distance to 2 feet or less must be capable of sustaining a minimum tensile load of 3,000 pounds applied to the device with the lifeline or lanyard in the fully extended position.
Self-retracting lifelines and lanyards which do not limit free fall distance to 2 feet or less, ripstitch lanyards, and tearing and deforming lanyards must be capable of sustaining a RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 19 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan minimum tensile load of 5,000 pounds applied to the device with the lifeline or lanyard in the fully extended position.
Ropes and straps (webbing) used in lanyards, lifelines, and strength components of body belts and body harnesses must be made of synthetic fibers.

x.

5.3.4.

Positioning Device System 1.

A positioning device system is a body belt or body harness system rigged to allow a worker to be supported on an elevated vertical surface, such as a wall, and work with both hands free while leaning.

i.

Body belt or body harness systems are to be set up so that a worker can free fall no farther than 2 feet.

ii.
ii.

Body belts or harnesses must be secured to an anchorage capable of supporting at least twice the potential impact load of a worker’s fall or 3,000 pounds, whichever is greater.

5.3.5.

Fall Restraint System 1.

A fall restraint system is also a means of prevention.

The system, if properly used, tethers a worker in a manner that will not allow a fall of any distance.

This system is comprised of a body belt or body harness, an anchorage, connectors, and other necessary equipment.
Other components typically include a lanyard, a lifeline, and other devices.

For a restraint system to work, the anchorage must be strong enough to prevent the worker from moving past the point where the system is fully extended, including an appropriate safety factor.

5.3.6. controlled access zone 1.

A controlled access zone is a work area in which certain types of work may take place without using conventional fall protection systems.

i.

Worker access to these areas must be carefully controlled.
Only workers actually engaged in the activity would be allowed in the controlled access zone.

ii.

When used to control access to areas where leading edge and other operations are taking place, the controlled access zones must be defined by a control line or by any other means that restricts access.

iii.
iii.

When control lines are used to define a controlled access zone, they must be erected at least 6 feet and no more than 25 feet from the unprotected or leading edge, except when precast concrete members are being erected.

In the latter case, the control line is to be erected at least 6 feet and no more than 60 feet or half the length of the member being erected, whichever is less, from the leading edge.
The control line must extend along the entire length of and approximately parallel to the unprotected side or leading edge and be connected on each side to a guardrail system or wall.

iv.

v. Control lines must consist of ropes, wires, tapes, or equivalent materials, and supporting stanchions.

When used, each control line must: - Be flagged or otherwise clearly marked at not more than 6-foot intervals with high-visibility material.
Be rigged and supported in such a way that the lowest point (including sag) is not less than 39 inches from the walking or working surface; and the highest point is not more than 45 inches from the walking or working surface.

- 20 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan - Have a breaking strength of at least 200 pounds.

2.
2.

Each worker at the edge of an excavation 6 feet or more deep must be protected from falling by guardrail systems, fences, or barricades when the excavation cannot be readily seen because of plant growth or other visual barrier.

5.3.7.

Fall Protection Plans 1.

Generally, it is presumed that using conventional fall protection (that is, guardrails, personal fall arrest systems, or safety nets) is feasible and will not create a greater hazard to use.
However, there are some circumstances when an employer can use a site-specifc fall protection plan instead of conventional fall protection.

It is possible that during leading edge work it may be infeasible or may create a greater hazard to use conventional fall protection for a specific task, and implementation of a fall protection plan may be warranted.
The employer has the burden of establishing that it is appropriate to implement a fall protection plan instead of implementing conventional fall protection systems.

3.

A fall protection plan must be prepared by a qualified person and developed specifically for 2. the site where the work is being performed.

4.

The fall protection plan must be maintained and kept up to date.

5.

Any changes to the fall protection plan must be approved by a qualified person.

6.
6.

A copy of the fall protection plan with all approved changes must be maintained at the job site.

7.

A competent person must supervise the implementation of the fall protection plan.

8.

The plan must document the reasons why the use of conventional fall protection is infeasible or would create a greater hazard.

9.
9.

The plan must include a written discussion of other measures that will be taken to reduce or eliminate the fall hazard for workers who cannot be provided with protection using conventional fall protection systems.

For example, the employer must discuss the extent to which scaffolds, ladders, or vehicle-mounted work platforms can be used to provide a safer working surface and thereby reduce the hazard of falling.

10.
10.

The plan must identify each location where conventional fall protection methods cannot be used.

These locations must then be classified as controlled access zones.

11.

Where no other alternative measure has been implemented, the employer must implement a safety monitoring system.

12.

The plan must include a statement which provides the name or other method of identification for each worker who is authorized to work in controlled access zones.

No other workers may enter controlled access zones.
5.4.

13.

IN THE EVENT THAT A WORKER FALLS, OR SOME OTHER RELATED, SERIOUS INCIDENT OCCURS (FOR EXAMPLE, A NEAR MISS), THE EMPLOYER MUST INVESTIGATE THE CIRCUMSTANCES TO DETERMINE IF THE FALL PROTECTION PLAN NEEDS TO BE CHANGED.

FOR EXAMPLE, THE PLAN MAY NEED TO ADD NEW PRACTICES, PROCEDURES, OR TRAINING.

THE EMPLOYER MUST IMPLEMENT THE NEEDED CHANGES TO PREVENT SIMILAR TYPES OF FALLS OR INCIDENTS.

WORKING OVER OR NEAR WATER 1.


Employees working over or near water, where the danger of drowning exists, shall be provided with U.S. Coast Guard (or equivalent)-approved life jacket or buoyant work vests.

2.

Prior to and after each use, the buoyant work vests or life preservers shall be inspected for defects which would alter their strength or buoyancy.

Defective units shall not be used.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 21 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan 3.

Ring buoys with at least 90 feet of line shall be provided and readily available for emergency rescue operations.

Distance between ring buoys shall not exceed 200 feet.

4.

There must be at least one person present and specifically designated to respond to water emergencies at all times when there are employees above water.

5.5.

WORK SHOP AREAS 1.


Work shop areas are those areas in which metal working, wood working, painting activities, etc.

are carried out.

2.

First Aid Kits (size depends on the number of personnel working in the shop) must be available in each shop.

3.

Eye safety glasses must be worn at all times in all work shop areas.

4.

Adequate ventilation for the type of work being done must be provided in all work shop areas.

5.

Shops that have electro-mechanical tools (saws, drills, lathes, etc.)
are required to have the following additional safety equipment: a) All belt driven machinery must have belt guards in place when in use and b) All personnel working in the shop should wear safety shoes.

7.

Shops that have painting or spray booths are required to have the following additional safety equipment: a) Ventilation of the shop must be adequate to remove all paint fumes.

b) Respirators must be worn when spray painting.

5.6.

MOTOR VEHICLES AND MOBILE EQUIPMENT 5.6.1.


Vehicle and equipment suitability, inspection and maintenance 1.

Keep operator manuals in the equipment cab.

2.

Ensure ready access to repair manuals by maintenance personnel at all the work locations.

3.

Contact the equipment manufacturer to obtain operator and repair manuals when purchasing used equipment.

4.

Clearly identify and label all machine controls and make sure that the manufacturers’ safety features are working.

5.
5.

Mobile plant with any structure that may come in contact with overhead power lines shall have a warning sign displayed in the cab.

6.

Where operating noise levels may cause damage to hearing an ear protection warning sign shall be displayed.

7.

Vehicles/mobile plant shall display a valid license, Warrant or Certificate of Fitness if they are to be used on a public road.

8.

All slow-moving equipment operated in public right-of-ways should be equipped with a triangular shaped reflective sign.
22 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan 9.

Install and maintain equipment attachments and their operating systems according to manufacturers’ specifications.

10.

All pulleys, shafts, and belts shall be guarded to the minimum original manufacturer’s specifications.

11.
11.

Where there is a provision for doors (hinges, door jams, and latches), doors shall be fitted and closed while the plant is in use.

12.

Use high conspicuity tape to delineate height and width of construction vehicles and equipment.

13.

Trucks and mobile equipment required to work at night shall be equipped with working lights to illuminate the work area.

Such lighting shall, among other things, ensure that operators can see workers on foot in the vicinity.

14.
14.

Mobile plant shall be equipped with a braking mechanism capable of holding itself and its load on any slope on which it is operated.

15.

Use equipment with rollover protective structures (ROPS).

Purchase and have installed retrofit ROPS and seat-belts for older equipment.

16.

Mobile plant shall be maintained in a safe operating condition in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications.

17.
17.

Allow equipment to be repaired only by persons who have been trained and authorized to work with that piece of equipment.

Assign responsibility for each piece of equipment to an individual worker.

18.

Designate a supervisor to be responsible for DAILY pre-shift equipment checks and verifying that any problems are corrected.
Although equipment may be inspected by various people, the supervisor must be responsible for ensuring that inspections are performed daily, that necessary repairs are made, that scheduled maintenance is performed, and that records of all inspections and repairs are maintained.

19.

All employees should be responsible for a safety check EACH WEEK of any vehicle or mobile equipment they are assigned.

20.
20.

Require employees to report equipment problems to the designated supervisor and give employees the authority to shut down unsafe equipment without repercussion.

21.

The Employer should develop pictorial checklists to make equipment inspections easier.

22.

Workers are to be paid for the time they spend performing equipment safety checks.

23.
23.

Safety checks shall include: a) Lights b) Horn c) Directional Signals d) Brakes2 and Brake Fluid 2 Brakes shall be tested by driving the vehicle a short distance and applying the brakes to bring it to a stop.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 23 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan e) Motor Oil f) Power Steering & Fluid Reservoir g) Windshield Washers and Wipers h) Tires i) Clutch j) Hydraulic systems 5.6.2.

Vehicle operation 1.

Drivers of vehicles must possess a valid Drivers License appropriate to the class of vehicle being driven, and they must be thoroughly familiar with the regulations governing motor vehicle operation.

2.
2.

Vehicle drivers and equipment operators must not take prescriptions or strong medication before operating a vehicle.

Follow all instructions on the label of a drug as well as the instructions of your doctor.

Medicines, illnesses, or extreme fatigue may affect the driver's ability to judge distance, speed, and driving conditions.

3.

Position all adjustments for safe driving before putting the vehicle into gear i.e.

seat, inside and outside mirrors, sitting positions, etc.

4.
4.

All persons who drive or ride in vehicles will wear seat-belts while the vehicles are in motion.

5.

No more than three (3) persons shall be permitted to ride in the front seat of any vehicle.

Persons should not be transported in vehicles unless safe and secure seating can be provided for each person.

6.

Load Security: a) Supplies transported in motor vehicles should be secured in such a manner that they will remain stationary at all times, including sudden stops.
b) Only materials and equipment necessary for the job are to be transported in or on vehicles.

7.

Parking Vehicles: a) Unless working conditions require otherwise, parked vehicles should be parked as follows: motor turned off, key shall be removed from the ignition, emergency brakes shall be set and the vehicle shall be left in gear.

b) When equipment is parked on an incline, chock wheels in addition to setting parking brakes.
Chocks should be of sufficient size and configuration to immobilize the equipment.

If there is a curb, turn front wheels towards the curb If parked on a downgrade; turn front wheels away from the curb If vehicle is parked on an upgrade.

c) Vehicles are not to be parked on the wrong side of the street facing traffic, except in cases of emergency.

24 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan d) When trucks or vehicles must be stopped on streets or highways, adequate warning signals must be used, as well as a flagman if traffic warrants.

e) Turn signals are not to be used as a parking warning.

f) Before leaving the curb, look to see that no vehicles are approaching from either direction, and signal your intention.

8.

When backing up a vehicle, be sure the way is clear.
Get out of the vehicle when necessary and inspect the area to be backed into.

Back up slowly.

Sound horn while backing when necessary.

If there are two employees, one should get out and direct the driver.

9.

Never leave the vehicle with the engine running.

Always remove the keys from the ignition when a vehicle is unattended.

10.

Drivers must be particularly alert while driving near children.

Children must not be allowed to play in, on, or about the vehicles.

11.

Stay within posted speed limits.


Slow down when conditions warrant.

12.

Vehicles shall be driven at a speed which allows the vehicle to be stopped within half the length of clear road that can be seen in front of the vehicle.

13.

Do not assume the right-of-way.

If in question, always yield the right-of-way or stop the vehicle.

14.

Do not tailgate behind another vehicle.

Do not allow another vehicle to tailgate behind you.

Slow down, pull over to the side, let the tailgater pass.

15.
15.

Signal intentions at least 100 feet or 30 m in advance, including changing of lanes and actual changing of directions.

Avoid sudden braking.

16.

Turn on low beam headlights during dark periods of the day, such as rain storms or fog.

Headlights should be "on" 1/2 hour before sunset until 1/2 hour after sunrise when driving at night.

Parking lights designate a vehicle is parked.

Never drive with parking lights on.

17.

Gasoline Fueling Motor Vehicles: a) Shut off the motor of the equipment.
b) Do not smoke near gasoline pumps.

c) Keep the nozzle against the edge of filler pipe.

d) To avoid spilling gasoline, do not fill tank too fast or too full.

18.

In the event of an accident involving the Employer's vehicles, the following procedures should be followed: a) Render first aid, if qualified to do so, and arrange for medical help if necessary.

b) Notify Law Enforcement Officials immediately.


Unless it is necessary, the vehicle should not be moved until authorized by the investigating officers.

c) Exchange names, driver's license numbers, and vehicle numbers with the other party involved.

Obtain names and addresses of any witnesses to the accident.

Offer no information regarding the responsibility for the accident or what should have been done to avoid the accident.
RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 25 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan d) The driver of an Employer’s vehicle must report an accident to his supervisor as soon as possible.

The supervisor should report this accident to the proper authorities as soon as possible.

See Annex 2A and 2B for report templates.

5.6.3.

Mobile plant operation 5.6.3.1.

General 1.


Operate mobile plant and machinery to the manufacturer’s specifications.

2.

Do not exceed load capacities when lifting materials.

3.

Mobile plant shall not be operated on slopes that exceed the maximums in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications.

4.

Where the stability of mobile plant is compromised by slope, weather or ground conditions then a specific hazard management plan is to be developed, implemented, and monitored.

5.
5.

Continually evaluate safety programs to address changing conditions at the worksite.

6.

Mobile plant cabs shall have all objects secured.

7.

Emergency exits shall not be hindered by protective structures.

8.

Securely latch attachments (such as quick-disconnect buckets) before work begins.

9.

Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for using positive locks on quick-disconnect equipment.

10.

Make frequent visual inspections of quick-disconnect systems, especially after changing attachments.

11.
11.

Seatbelts shall be worn at all times on all mobile plant.

Use the seatbelts supplied by the manufacturer.

Supervisors are responsible for ensuring that all employees wear seatbelts.

12.

No person shall:  get on or off moving mobile plant   ride on mobile plant not provided with proper seating ride on a load carried or towed by a mobile plant.

13.
13.

When mobile plant is shut down or left unattended with the engine running:  brakes shall be applied where fitted  blades and accessories shall be resting on the ground.

14.

Mobile plant operators shall ensure people are clear before slewing, driving or positioning mobile plant.

15.

Make sure that workers position machinery at a safe distance from excavations such as trenches.

16.
16.

Make all workers on the site aware of the machines’ established swing areas and blind spots before the operator works the machine.

Keep workers on foot outside these areas by marking them with rope, tape, or other barriers.

17.

Before each work shift begins, review and confirm communications signals between machine operators and workers on foot.

26 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan 18.

Instruct machine operators to keep the bucket as close to the ground as possible when workers are attaching loads for hoisting.

19.

Keep workers outside the hydraulic excavator swing areas and clear of attachments when using the machines for hoisting materials.

Do not allow workers to stand under suspended loads or suspended machine components such as the boom, arm, or bucket.

20.
20.

Do not permit workers on foot to approach the hydraulic excavator or backhoe loader until they signal the operator to shut down the machine and receive acknowledgment from the operator.

21.

Use spotters or signal persons around operating equipment when necessary.

These should be stationed where they can be seen by the operator, outside the range of movement or hazardous area from loads and warn the operator of the presence of others who may enter that area.

22.
22.

Never permit workers to ride in or work from excavator or backhoe loader buckets.

23.

Provide appropriate personal protective equipment and make sure that workers use and maintain it.

24.

Any piece of mobile plant that becomes unsafe, or is suspected to be unsafe, shall be shut down and secured.

The mobile plant shall be inspected, repaired and tested before returning to service.

25.
25.

When repairs are made on site, the operator’s controls are to be made inoperable so that the equipment cannot be moved by another worker while repairs are being made.

26.

Maintenance tasks on mobile plant while the engine is running shall only be completed by a competent or qualified person.

Where maintenance is completed by two or more people, one person shall take responsibility.

27.

Loading and unloading mobile plant onto a transporter or other vehicle shall only be done by a competent person.
5.6.3.2.

Overhead and Underground Services 1.

All wires and conduit shall be considered energized and dangerous unless formally advised otherwise by a competent person or power company representative.

2.

Contact local utilities and other responsible parties to locate overhead and underground utility lines before beginning work.

3.

Avoid working near overhead power lines.

Establish their existence in the vicinity of the excavation.
If you must work near them, consider safe methods of operation and develop a plan to avoid contact.

Booms and protruding parts of construction machinery shall not be operated closer than 10 feet from overhead electrical lines.

When construction machinery is operated in close enough proximity to energized lines that a full transverse of the moving parts could result in contact, a signalman shall be provided to direct the operator.
Signalmen in those circumstances shall be especially watchful to prevent movement of the machinery any closer than the 10 feet minimum clearance prescribed above.

4.

If excavating near poles or guy wires where the possibility of damage to cables or collapse of a pole line exists, consult DOMLEC.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 27 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan 5.
Trees within two tree lengths of power lines shall not be felled until a felling plan has been agreed between the power company, the forestry department and the contractor.

6.

Men on the ground handling suspended loads, slings, cables, or in contact with the machine, are in the most hazardous position if contact with energized electrical line occurs.

Ground crews shall be trained and repeatedly warned of the hazard and especially watchful to prevent such contact.

7.
7.

If machine contacts energized wires: a) Immediately contact the power company service and repair office.

b) The operator should attempt to swing the boom clear.

c) Persons on the rig are usually safe.

If it is necessary to leave the rig, jump entirely free, being careful that no part of the body is in contact with the machine and the ground at the same time.

d) When jumping clear of energized equipment, aim for dry ground.

e) Once clear of energized equipment, stay clear.


Keep all persons, employees or public, away from energized equipment.

f) If wires are down, post guards to prevent anyone from touching them.

8.

While telephone circuits operate on low voltage and are not an electrical hazard in themselves, they may be energized with higher voltages when crossed with power lines accidentally at points far removed from the job site: a) Consider ALL lines hazardous.

b) Do not cut or disturb guy wires.


Sudden release of tension may cause an entire pole line to collapse.

Observe the precautions listed for electrical power lines.

9.

Establish exact location of underground services such as electrical power cables, gas pipes, sewer pipes, water pipes, telephone telecommunications cables, drainage pipes and soakwells, fuel lines and storage tanks.

10.
10.

Ensure that while the excavation is open, underground installations are protected, supported or removed as necessary to safeguard workers.

11.

Underground telephone cable is generally buried with a minimum cover of 24 inches.

Subsequent grading may have reduced this minimum.

Pipe pushers, trenchers, boring tools, air hammers, pins for paving, and curb forms, etc., should not be used until determining the depth and location of buried telephone cables and conduit.

5.6.4.

Hoisting equipment 1.


All hoists are to have a rated load capacity posted on the exterior of the hoist.

Employees are not to exceed the specified limit.

5.6.5.

Safe equipment operation around workers on foot 1.

Separate workers on foot from equipment as much as possible.

2.

Schedule work tasks to keep workers on foot out of areas where heavy equipment is in use.

3.

Channelize dump trucks leaving the workspace and keep workers on foot out of that channel.
If delineators are used, they should be installed in such a way that the public will not notice or respond to them, but the workers will recognize them as guideposts.

28 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan 4.

Design the workspace to eliminate or decrease backing and blind spots.

When feasible, pull trucks in and let the operation catch up to them.

5.7.
5.7.

HAND TOOLS The following safety rules must be followed in the using of hand tools: 1.

Select the right tool for the job.

2.

Sharpen the cutting edges of tools and carry tools with their sharp edges down.

Covers will be used, if available.

3.

Sand wooden handles on shovels, rakes, sledgehammers, etc., thus preventing splinters and burns.

4.

Check the handle of each tool for tightness.

5.


Check the head on each tool and have the tool dressed, if it has mushroomed (includes burrs and chipped edges).

i.e.

hammers, chisels, punches, sledgehammers, etc.

6.

Wear shatter-proof, clear goggles, or safety glasses when using chisels, punches, wedges, grinders, drills, wire brushes, etc.

Be sure no one is in the area before using such a tool.

7.
7.

Avoid using metal measuring tape, fabric tapes containing woven metal strands, rope with wire cord, or other tools and equipment that have conductive properties while around energized electrical circuits or equipment.

8.

Use only properly insulated tools (screwdrivers, wire cutters, etc.)

when working around energized electrical circuits or equipment.

9.

Return tools to their proper place so that they do not fall from a ledge and/or create a trip/fall hazard.

5.8.
5.8.

POWER TOOLS Power tools substantially increase the number and types of hazards to an employee.

Hazards range from electrical shock of a short circuit to being struck by chips, shavings, and other debris during operation.

5.8.1.

Electrical Systems 1.

All electrical wiring used on site must meet the specifications of the relevant regulatory authority.

2.

If extension cords are used, they must be of the three-conductor type with matching plug and receptacle.

3.
3.

All electrical outlets must be grounded and maintained in good condition.

5.8.2.

Electrical Equipment 1.

All electrical tools used in an operation must be double insulated or grounded by a three wire cord with a polarized, three-prong plug, to a properly grounded three-hole receptacle.

2.

Electrical tools or machines shall be visually inspected each time they are used for damage to cords and ground connections.
The most common defects occur at the point where the RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 29 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan cord is attached to the tool, or where the cord is attached to the plug.

Be sure to check for a secure connection that allows for an insulation plate on the inside portion of the plug.

3.
3.

Where electrical equipment is used in wet locations, use only low voltage equipment and wear rubber boots and rubber gloves or use GFI circuits.

4.

Never operate power tools without the guards provided.

5.

The operator's eyes must be protected with safety glasses at all times when using power tools.

5.8.3.

Grinders 1.

Only those employees who are familiar with mounting grinding wheels are permitted to do so.
A ring test on each of the new grinding wheels should be completed before installation (a ring test is made by supporting the wheel freely on a rod through the arbor hold and tapping it lightly with a wooden object; a clear, metallic ring indicates absence of cracks.)

2.

Wheel must fit easily onto the spindle.

A wheel that is too loose or too tight is dangerous.

3.
3.

When starting up the grinder, stand to one side, out of danger, while you allow it to reach its full operating speed for at least one minute.

Allow only authorized personnel in the area.

4.

Apply work gradually to a cold wheel at the beginning of each work period, as cold wheels are more subject to breakage.

5.

Never store a grinding wheel on damp or concrete surfaces, nor put oily rags on the wheel.

6.

Every grinding wheel must be securely fastened to the shaft before commencing work.

7.
7.

The maximum operating speed as given by the wheel manufacturer is on the wheel label.

Grinding wheels are not to be operated in excess of these speeds.

8.

The work-rest must be securely adjusted on all stationary grinders to about 1/8 inch from the wheel.

9.

Avoid using the side of an energy wheel for grinding, unless it is especially designed for side grinding.

Side grinding weakens the ordinary wheel and may cause it to burst.

10.
10.

Use the cutting surface of a grinding wheel uniformly, as a grooved wheel becomes dangerously weakened.

Dress the wheel if it becomes grooved.

11.

Grinder bearings must be kept properly oiled and adjusted.

This will aid in the prevention of hot bearings and spindles, which are sometimes responsible for melted bushings.

12.

Do not abuse the wheel by applying excess pressure.

13.
13.

Be particularly careful when grinding narrow tools and objects as they are apt to catch between the rest and the wheel.

5.8.4.

Gas Welding 1.

All gas welding equipment and connections should be kept free from gas and oil.

2.

Never roll tanks on the floor, nor attempt to carry them by hand or hoist unless properly slung.

Cylinders must be securely chained at all times.

3.
3.

Acetylene and oxygen tanks should be securely fastened with a chain in an upright position where there is no danger of their falling or being bumped.

30 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan 4.

Use only standard green oxygen hose with right hand couplings, together with red acetylene hose with left hand thread.

5.
5.

Blow out the tank valve before attaching the regulator.

Never use compressed air for blowing out equipment as air may contain some oil and moisture.

Use oxygen to blow out the oxygen hose and acetylene to blow out the acetylene hose.

6.

Be sure that the end of your torch is cleaned before you attempt to light it.

Use only friction lighters.

7.

Position materials so that sparks, hot metal, or severed sections of metal do not fall on the gas supply hose, or the feet of other employees.

8.
8.

At the end of each job, welders shall carefully inspect the job site to ensure that there are no smoldering particles which could develop into a serious fire.

9.

Proper goggles and gloves shall be worn.

Employees shall wear steel-toed shoes.

5.8.5.

Electrical Arc Welding 1.

Whenever possible, welding operations should be carried on inside welding booths.

If work must be performed outside of a booth, the arc shall be effectively screened to prevent injury to eyes and others.

2.
2.

Before entering the welding area, an effective warning shall be given so that the operator may be aware of your presence and help you avoid a sudden flash or other injury.

3.

Like the welding operator, any person entering the welding area should also wear the proper eye protection.

4.

The welding of galvanized material requires the operators to be protected when a specially designed airline respirator which fits under their helmet.

5.
5.

Deposit short ends of welding rods in containers provided for that purpose, to prevent burning holes in your shoes or starting fires.

6.

When not in use, place the electric holder where it cannot cause an arc.

7.

Prevent injury to yourself and others from short circuits by only using welding cables that are in good condition.

8.

Only properly authorized operators shall use welding equipment.

Never attempt to repair welding equipment yourself.

9.
9.

Helmets and shields will be used with all electrical welding.

Do not remove your helmet while bending over a hot weld.

5.9.

HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES 5.9.1.

General 1.

The transport, use and storage of all hazardous substances shall be in accordance with 2. national legislation and regulations.

Install fire hydrants or other appropriate fire suppression devices at all locations where flammable materials are stored and in accordance with a plan approved by the Fire Service.
RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 31 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan 3.

Hazardous substances stored on site shall be: a) stored safely and in accordance with the regulations b) located where an accidental spill cannot enter a waterway c) separate from equipment maintenance areas.

4.

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) shall be available on site for all hazardous substances being used or stored.
The MSDS shall be kept where it can be accessed by all staff within 5 minutes of needing it.

5.

All containers shall be labelled so that there is no doubt as to their contents.

6.

A hazardous substance inventory shall be maintained for all substances on site.

5.9.2.

Fuel and oil storage and use 1.

All tank pipes, seals, and fittings shall be leak-free and regularly inspected.

2.

All tanks shall have a functioning venting system and a method to measure the quantity of fuel remaining.

3.
3.

All stationary tanks with a volume greater than 1,000 litres shall have a secondary containment capable of containing 110 percent of the tank capacity.

Note: a tank that is double skinned is regarded as secondary containment.

4.

Where secondary containment is exposed to the weather, the containment device shall have drainage fitting that allows rainwater to be released.

Contaminated water must be passed through absorbent materials specifically designed for hydrocarbon capture.

5.9.3.
5.9.3.

Petrol – additional requirements 1.

An “approved handler” shall be available where more than 100 litres of petrol is stored.

2.

Only approved containers meeting the supplier standards shall be used.

These containers shall: a) have an appropriate sealing cap b) be made of metal or a durable plastic that will not react with the fuel c) be clearly labelled or marked to identify the fuel and the potential hazards, e.g., petrol – highly flammable.

3.
3.

Containers greater than 25 litres in capacity must meet the above requirements and be marked with the UN packing symbol.

4.

Petrol shall be stored at least three metres away from aerosol cans, LPG, oxygen and acetylene.

5.9.4.

Emergency response 1.

At least two 9kg foam or class “B” fire extinguishers shall be available where flammable liquids are on site.

5.9.5.

Explosives 1.


Transportation, storage and handling of explosives shall be in accordance with the national legislation and its Regulations.

5.10.

CEMENT HANDLING The following are some basic recommendations for handling and using cement safely.

1.

To protect skin from cement and cement mixtures, workers should wear: 32 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan a) alkali-resistant gloves.

b) coveralls with long sleeves and full-length trousers.

c) waterproof boots high enough to prevent concrete from flowing in when workers must stand in fresh concrete.

d) suitable respiratory protective equipment such as a P, N or R 95 respirator when cement dust can’t be avoided.

e) suitable eye protection where mixing, pouring, or other activities that may endanger eyes.
Don’t wear contact lenses when handling cement or cement products.

2.

When laying concrete block, have different sizes on hand to avoid cutting or hammering to make them fit.

3.

Work in ways that minimize the amount of cement dust released.

4.

Where possible, wet-cut rather than dry-cut masonry products.

5.

Mix dry cement in well-ventilated areas.

6.

Make sure to work upwind from dust sources.

7.


When kneeling on fresh concrete, use a dry board or waterproof kneepads to protect knees from water that can soak through fabric.

8.

Remove jewellery such as rings and watches because wet cement can collect under them.

8.

Clothing contaminated by wet cement should be quickly removed.

Skin in contact with wet cement should be washed immediately with large amounts of cool clean water.

9.
9.

Don’t wash your hands with water from buckets used for cleaning tools.

10.

Provide adequate hygiene facilities on site for workers to wash hands and face at the end of a job and before eating, drinking, smoking, or using the toilet.

Facilities for cleaning boots and changing clothes should also be available.

11.

Skin contaminated with wet or dry cement should be washed with cold running water as soon as possible.

Open sores or cuts should be thoroughly flushed and covered with suitable dressings.
Get medical attention if discomfort persists.

Contaminated eyes should be washed with cold tap water for at least 15 minutes before the affected person is taken to hospital.

5.11.

ASPHALT CEMENT HANDLING The following is taken from http://www.afscme.org/issues/1363.cfm (the website of the American Federation of State County and Municipal Employees).

Straight-run asphalt or asphalt cement is used for paving roads.
Because of its solid to semi- solid nature, it must first be "cut" with a solvent to bring it to a more liquid state; this is known as Cut Back Asphalt.

Highway workers are most likely to use straight run asphalt.

5.11.1.

Hazards associated with asphalt 1.

There are two main hazards associated with asphalt: a) Fire and explosion hazards RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 33 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan Most of the fire and explosion hazard associated with asphalt comes from the vapours of the solvent mixed into the asphalt, not the asphalt itself.

The hazard is determined by the flammable or explosive nature of the solvent used and how fast it evaporates.

The flashpoint (FP) of a chemical or mixture is the combined measure of this flammable or explosive potential.
The flashpoint is the lowest temperature at which enough of the chemical evaporates to form a mixture with air which can be ignited by a spark.

The lower the flash point, the higher the fire and explosion hazard.

If the flash point is below the room temperature, the chemical is a potential bomb.

b) health hazards associated with skin contact, eye contact, and/or inhalation of fumes and vapours.
Skin or eye contact may cause inflammation and skin rashes, changes in skin coloration, and an acne-like condition at hair follicles and skin pores.

Exposure to sunlight or other ultraviolet light (such as welding) may make these skin conditions worse.

Asphalt fumes are created when asphalt is heated.

Fumes contain very small, solid, airborne particles which are easily inhaled by the worker.

Inhalation of asphalt fumes can cause irritation to the nose, throat, and lungs.
Fumes may also contain hydrogen sulfide vapours, which are very toxic, as well as the vapours generated by the solvents used to "cut" the asphalt.

Vapours from solvents that are used to "cut" asphalt can also present serious health hazards.

The solvent vapours generated by heating asphalt are often more toxic than the asphalt fumes themselves.

Solvents will evaporate out of the mix at a wide range of temperatures.

Heating of the asphalt mix speeds up the evaporation process.
The faster the solvent evaporates, the easier it is to inhale.

In order to understand the hazards of asphalt, it is necessary to know what solvent is used in the mixture, how fast the substance evaporates, and how toxic the substance is.

Solvents commonly used are benzene (known to cause leukemia), dioxane (toxic to liver and kidneys), and toluene (causes kidney and liver damage, and dermatitis).
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has recommended that the Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL) for exposure to asphalt fumes should be set at 5 milligrams per cubic meter of air (mg/m3) measured during any 15 minute period.

2.

Asphalt cement can also result in chronic health effects such as rashes and other skin conditions, possibly including skin cancers.
In addition, asphalt particles left on the hands may accidentally get into the eyes causing severe irritation to the eyes.

Hot asphalt may also cause severe burns if splashed onto exposed skin.

5.11.2.

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) 1.

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) should be available to employees assigned to work with or near asphalt processes.
The MSDS should include specific information on the solvents present in the asphalt mix and should list all pertinent information including flashpoint, boiling point, acute and chronic effects of all chemical ingredients in the solution, protective equipment, as well as other fire and emergency cleanup information.

34 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan 5.11.3.
Engineering Controls o Substitution.

The best method of controlling exposure to asphalt fumes and solvent vapours is to substitute a safer asphalt mix.

If explosion hazards are a problem in a paving operation, MC-250 may be substituted for RC-250.

The flashpoint of the mix is nearly doubled, which means that the mix is less likely to ignite.

If the toxicity of the chemical is a problem, the employer may be able to order an asphalt mixture which contains a less toxic solvent (eg.

toluene for benzene).


Finally, if a less toxic solvent cannot be substituted in the mix, a less volatile solvent may be.

Less volatile means that the boiling point of the new solvent will be higher, so less will get into the air to be inhaled.

o Enclosure.

Enclosing the process where the asphalt is used is not possible in road paving and roofing operations.

It may, however, be possible for smaller operations such as pipe covering processes.

o Mechanization and Automation.


Certain parts of asphalt processes may be mechanized.

For example, stirring asphalt in a tar kettle exposes the worker to asphalt fumes, solvent vapors, and potentially severe burns; mechanical devices can accomplish this task without exposing the employee to such risks.

o Local Exhaust Ventilation.

Local exhaust ventilation may be an effective way to control worker exposure to fumes and vapors, particularly in areas where enclosure of the operation is impossible.
o General Dilution Ventilation.

General dilution ventilation involves flooding a work area with uncontaminated air in an attempt to remove contaminants from the worker's breathing zone.

The use of fans and blowers set up for this purpose, however, is often not adequate to remove the contaminants.

This is generally not the most effective way of removing contaminants from the worker's breathing zone but may be used to supplement local exhaust ventilation.

5.11.4.

Respiratory Protection 1.


While engineering controls are the preferred method for controlling worker exposure to fumes and vapours, respirators should be worn where this is not possible.

In selecting the proper respirator, it is important to know all of the hazards to which workers may be exposed.

A NIOSH-approved dust respirator will control exposure to asphalt fumes but will do nothing to protect the worker against exposure to the toxic vapors given off by the solvent in the mix.
In situations where vapours are concerned, the minimum requirement would be for a full-face mask respirator with organic vapor and particulate cartridges.

Because of the possibility of eye irritation a half-face mask respirator would be inadequate.

Improper use of respirators is dangerous.


The employer must have a written respirator program that takes into account workplace conditions, requirements for worker training, respirator fit testing, and medical exams, as described in OSHA standard 29 CFR 1910.134 (see the AFSCME Respirators Fact Sheet).

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 35 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan 5.11.5.
Fire and Explosion Hazards 1.

The solvents which make an asphalt an RC, MC, or SC mixture will determine the flammability limits of the mixture.

For example, RC-250, with a flashpoint near 80°F will generate flammable vapours at a much lower temperature than will MC-3000.

Extreme caution must be exercised when heating RC mixes.

Smoking, lighted matches, torches, and other possible ignition sources must be kept away from areas where vapours are being produced.

2.
2.

Welding and brazing on tar-kettles, tanks, or other vessels which either contain or have contained asphalt is dangerous.

Only qualified personnel should do such welding.

The welder must be familiar with safe procedures for welding tanks which have contained flammable liquids.

5.12.

WORKING HOURS Fatigue reduces awareness and therefore increases the potential for accidents to occur, especially in a potentially hazardous working environment such as a road works site.
In the interest of Employees’ safety, Employers shall not allow excessive hours to be worked.

5.13.

VENTILATION 1.

All work areas that use or store flammable or combustible liquids must have the air changed at least six (6) times per hour.

5.14.

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) 5.14.1.

General 1.

The Employer shall provide all personal protective equipment (PPE) (protective helmets, safety boots, protective clothing, ear mufflers, dust masks, gloves etc.)
appropriate to the activities being undertaken by the workforce, to protect employees from harm due to any hazard at the work area, and shall ensure it is used correctly, inspected, and maintained to fulfil its protective function.Personal Protective Equipment worn by operatives working on roads must be based on risk assessment; however, the following equipment is normally used: safety boots;  class 3 safety jacket/top;   gloves;  hard hats; and  reflective leggings/trousers, where required.

2.
2.

Workers are required to maintain PPE provided to them in a good state, and to always wear PPE provided for the task assigned.

The employer shall make it a condition of employment that PPE is worn when appropriate.

Workers may be required to leave the site if they do not wear the PPE provided.

5.14.2.

Protective Clothing for Asphalt Handling 1.

Protective clothing is necessary to protect workers from asphalt burns and irritation.
In addition, many of the solvents used to cut asphalt are readily absorbed through unprotected skin into the bloodstream, where they can travel throughout the body and 36 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan cause damage to many different organs.
NIOSH recommends thermally-insulated gloves when working with hot asphalt, long sleeve shirts, long cuffless trousers, and metal-toed safety shoes.

Clothing should be loose-fitting, collars should be closed, and sleeves rolled down.

Safety shoes should be at least 15 centimeters (cm) high and should be laced so that no openings are left through which hot asphalt may reach the skin.

2.

When applied to the skin, barrier creams and lotions leave a thin film, which acts as a barrier against skin irritants.
They should not be substituted for protective clothing when handling heated asphalt, but may be useful along with other protective measures.

5.14.3.

Head Protection 1.

Employees are required to wear hard hats while performing construction and maintenance activities that involve working above or below ground levels, transporting materials overhead, or working near construction machinery.

2.

Hard hat types should be worn by the following employees: a) All personnel on the job site for construction.
b) Inspection personnel when inspecting work projects involving any of the above conditions.

c) All other employees working with or near construction equipment such as digging, hoisting, or towing equipment.

d) All personnel working with high voltage electrical hazards.

e) All personnel engaged in climbing tasks or working from aerial lifts shall wear head protection equipment that meets approved standards for dielectric properties due to the possibility of contacting overhead transmission facilities.
5.14.4.

Face and Eye Protection 1.

Hazards involving the possibility of injuries to the face and eyes exist in both indoor and outdoor tasks.

They range from dust blown into eyes on a windy day to particles of steel, sand, concrete, etc., propelled into eyes with considerable force by power tools and machinery, or splashes of corrosive dust or liquid chemicals.

2.

Safety goggles or safety glasses with temple shields shall be worn when: a) Grinding, cutting, milling, or drilling with power tools.
b) Using impact wrenches and compressed air tools.

c) Chipping, scrapping, or scaling paint, rust, carbon or other materials.

d) Using punches, chisels, or other impact tools.

e) Cutting rivets.

f) Cutting or breaking glass.

g) Chipping or breaking concrete.

h) Pipe cutting, threading.

i) Using paint remover.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 37 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan j) Using power activated tools.

k) Soldering.

l) Cleaning dust or dirt from vehicles, machinery, etc.

m) Sand blasting or air cleaning operations.

n) Using metal, cutting lathes, shapers, drill press, power hack saws and other metal working tools.

o) Using power woodworking machinery, both fixed and portable.

p) Tree trimming, brush chipping, street cleaning, or stump removal.

q) Using brush cutters.


r) Washing vehicle parts with soaps or solvents.

s) Working under vehicles.

t) Spray painting.

3.

Goggles shall be worn when handling acids, caustics, and other harmful dusts, liquids, or gases.

4.

Safety glasses shall be worn when performing electrical switching operations or activating high voltage circuits where arcs may occur.

5.

A face shield (8" minimum) should be worn when handling heated asphalt if a full-face respirator is not worn.
When liquid asphalt is hand sprayed on road surfaces as "tack coat" or "prime coat," spraying equipment with flexible hoses and a long handle should be used.

6.

A face shield with proper filter lens, welder's lens, or welder's goggles shall be worn in all welding and cutting operations.

7.

For electric arc welding: a) Welder's helmet with proper filter lens shall be worn.
b) Portable welding screens shall be used to protect the eyes of others in the vicinity whenever potential exposure to others exists.

c) Helpers and observers shall wear safety glasses, goggles, or handheld shields with proper filter lenses.

7.

For gas welding and cutting: a) Welder's goggles with proper filter lenses shall be worn.

b) Portable welding screens shall be used to protect the eyes of others in the vicinity whenever potential exposure to others exists.

8.
8.

Eye protection may be required on other jobs not listed, if so designated by the foreman or supervisor.

Beyond this, personnel are encouraged to wear eye protection at all times.

5.14.5.

Noise 1.

All personnel exposed to on-the-job noise levels of 80 dBA or greater are required to have an exposure time of no more than that given in the Table below: 38 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan Duration per day (hr) Sound Level (dB) 8 6 4 3 2 1.5 1 0.5 0.25 or less 90 92 95 97 100 102 105 110 115 Source: Burke et al, 2000 2.

Personnel exposed to noise levels in excess of that given in the Table above are required to wear ear protection.

3.

No personnel are to be exposed to noise levels in excess of 115 dBA, whether continuous or intermittent without ear protection.

4.
4.

Under no circumstances are personnel to be exposed to noise levels in excess of 140 dBA even when wearing ear protection.

5.14.6.

Finger, Palm and Hand Protection 1.

One of the most dangerous ornaments worn by employees in occupational work is the ring.

It should not be worn at work if there is the slightest chance it could become caught in any hook, tool, or piece of machinery.

2.
2.

Gloves with leather palms should be worn when handling rough edges or abrasive materials or when the job subjects hands to possible lacerations, punctures, or burns.

5.14.7.

Foot Protection 1.

Wearing of sandals or athletic shoes in work areas (where chances of foot injuries are greatest) is prohibited.

2.

The following are some of the activities in which safety shoes should be worn: a) All other personnel working near construction equipment.

b) All personnel performing repair shop tasks.


c) All grounds keepers.

5.14.8.

General Clothing 1.

For safety and comfort, work clothes should be sturdy, fit well, and be washable.

2.

Loose clothing worn by employees working on or near moving machinery or equipment is prohibited.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 39 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan 3.
Steel-toed safety shoes should be worn on all jobs involving handling or moving heavy material.

Excessively high heeled shoes may create a tripping hazard.

Soft soled shoes (such as athletic shoes) do not afford protection from puncture wounds when in the field.

Employees are prohibited from wearing athletic shoes while on the job.

4.

Shoes with run down heels or torn soles are hard on the feet and can cause falls.

Keep your shoes in good repair.

5.


The safe worker does not wear rings or other jewellery.

Jewellery increases the danger of electric shock and can become entangled in machinery, causing severe injuries to employees.

6.

Work clothes should be washed frequently as a safe guard against skin infections and irritations.

7.

Smocks, overalls, and aprons should be worn whenever possible to keep work clothes clean.

8.

Oil soaked clothes are a serious fire hazard.

Keep your clothes free from oil.

5.15.


FIRST AID AND ACCIDENT RESPONSE The following first aid rules should be followed: 1.

It is recommended that each supervisor should receive Red Cross first aid and CPR training and renewal of certification as required.

2.

First aid cabinets or kits should be maintained at all sites.

First aid kits should be carried on all vehicles.

3.

First aid supplies are to be checked on a periodic basis.

4.

Minor medical treatment for cuts, scratches, etc.


should be given by trained personnel.

Always be sure that open wounds are thoroughly cleansed with soap and water to prevent infection.

5.

There may be cases when injured employees who need professional medical attention could be transported to the nearest health centre.

There may be other cases, however, when injured employees should be transferred by ambulance to the hospital.
If there is any doubt about the mode of transportation, an ambulance should be called.

For example, the following conditions would definitely indicate ambulance service: a) Employee is unconscious or in shock.

b) Hemorrhaging.

c) Severe abdominal cramps and/or vomiting.

d) Any apparent fracture.

e) Other symptoms of internal injury.

6.

Develop evacuation plans/procedures for seriously injured persons.

7.

All injuries, no matter how minor, are to be reported to the unit supervisor.
Accident investigation report forms should be completed by the supervisor.

See Annex 2A and 2B for report templates.

40 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan 5.16.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE 1.

Develop an emergency /evacuation response plan and submit to the Client for review and approval by the agency responsible for Disaster Management.

2.
2.

There should be a vehicle and driver within 5 minutes of any worksite, available in the event transportation is required for an injured worker(s).

Supervisors must have charged cell phones on their persons with sufficient credit and the following numbers stored: a) Nearest ambulance (there is one of Castle Bruce and another at Marigot) b) Nearest five tender (Roseau, Marigot) c) Nearest health centre (there is one in each community) d) Princess Margaret Hospital emergency room (located in Goodwill) 3.
Limit fuel storage on site.

4.

Prohibit smoking on site, with prohibition signage erected.

5.

If a hurricane or other cyclonic activity threatens, tidy the site, ensure drainage channels are clear and secure light items that may become airborne under high wind conditions.

5.17.

HOUSEKEEPING The following safety procedures shall be followed: 1.

Keep work areas and storage facilities clean, neat and orderly.

2.
2.

All aisles, stairways, passageways, means of egress, and entrances shall be kept free from obstructions at all times.

3.

Do not place supplies on top of lockers, hampers, boxes, or other moveable containers at a height where they are not visible from the floor.

4.

When stacking materials for storage, make sure the base is firm and level.

Keep stacks level and not too high.

Keep aisles clear and with adequate space to work.

5.
5.

When storing materials suspended from racks or hooks, secure them from falling, and route walkways a safe distance from the surface beneath.

6.

When storing materials overhead, provide adequate toeboards to prevent objects from rolling over the edge.

7.

Tools, equipment, machinery, and work areas are to be maintained in a clean and safe manner.

Defects and unsafe conditions shall be reported to your supervisor.

8.

Return tools and equipment to their proper places when not in use.

9.
9.

Lay out extension cords, air hoses, water hoses, ladders, pipes, tools, etc.

in such a way as to minimize tripping hazards or obstructions to traffic.

10.

Clean up spills of non-hazardous materials immediately to avoid hazards.

For spills of hazardous materials contact the Solid Waste Management Company and Environmental Health for further guidance.

In the event the removal cannot be done immediately, the area must be guarded with signs and/or ropes.

11.
11.

Nail points, ends of loops, or metal scrapings, etc., must not be left exposed when packing and unpacking boxes, crates, barrels, etc.

Nails are to be removed as soon as lumber is disassembled.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 41 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan 12.

Articles should be stored in a manner to prevent persons from coming in contact with sharp edges or points.

13.
13.

Oily and greasy rags shall be put in a closed metal container.

14.

Adequate lighting shall be provided for the protection of both employees and the public.

15.

Circuit breaker boxes should be kept closed at all times and free of any debris.

Keep a three (3) foot area in front of circuit breaker boxes clear of materials.

16.

Secure the site during non-working hours.

42 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan 6.

TRAINING 1.

A structured system of education and training should enable both employer and employees to identify and manage the risks involved in excavation and keep abreast of means of limiting hazards and controlling risks.

6.1.

GENERAL 1.

The critical role workers play in keeping the jobsite safe should be emphasized to workers.
Train employees in safe systems of work and safe work practices, including identification of hazards associated with the use of plant and equipment, work in an active road environment, excavations, working at height and over water.

2.

Train workers in the appropriate use of PPE, and first aid.

3.

Train site workers to recognize and avoid unsafe conditions and to follow required safe work practices that apply to their specific work environments e.g.
working in confined spaces, operating heavy equipment, working on foot in the vicinity of heavy equipment, working in an active road environment, working at height, working over water, handling hazardous materials.

4.

Hold daily tool box meetings at the job site to discuss and report hazards and close calls, and to discuss safety conditions for performing the day’s tasks.

5.
5.

Convene regular health and safety meetings (at least once quarterly and within 48 hours of any accident or near miss) with workforce to emphasize safe work practices and expectations.

6.

Orient new workers in ESHS requirements generally, and specifically in relation to assigned tasks, before setting them to work.

6.2.

EXCAVATION AND ROAD WORKS 1.
Specific practices to reduce the risk of on-the-job injuries at excavation sites include: a) Know where underground utilities are located before digging b) Keep excavated soil and other materials at least 2 feet from excavation or trench edges c) Keep heavy equipment away from trench edges d) Identify any equipment or activities that could affect excavation or trench stability e) Tests for atmospheric hazards such as low oxygen, hazardous fumes and toxic gases when workers are more than 4 feet deep Inspect trenches at the start of each shift f) g) Inspect trenches following a rain storm or other water intrusion h) Inspects trenches after any occurrence that could have changed conditions in the trench i) Do not work under suspended or raised loads and materials j) Ensure that personal wear high visibility or other suitable clothing when exposed to vehicular traffic 2.
Train all workers (including equipment operators and supervisors) to recognize and avoid the hazards of working on foot around equipment.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 43 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan 3.

Train workers on foot and equipment operators in appropriate communication methods (e.g.
Hand signals, maintaining visual contact) when workers on foot are required to be in the same area as equipment.

4.

Train all workers in hazards and adaptations for work at night and other low visibility conditions.

5.

Train all Flaggers consistent with the level of responsibility and work zone conditions.

Flaggers should know traffic flow, work zone setup and proper placement of channelizing devices.
They need to be trained to maintain sufficient distance from other highway workers so they can be identified by passing motorists.

6.

Train workers on the specifics of the Internal traffic control plan (ITCP) for each new construction project.

Review ITCP with workers whenever it is modified.

Road workers should be informed of any significant changes that may occur to the site layout and/or traffic management arrangements.

7.
7.

Train subcontractors, crews, operators and truck drivers to understand any symbols, markers and colors used to separate workers on foot from equipment within the workspace.

6.3.

FALL PROTECTION 1.

Provide an appropriate fall protection training program to workers who might be exposed to fall hazards.

Training must include how to recognize fall hazards and how to minimize them.
Personnel should be trained in the most effective and quickest ways to make adjustments to a harness, spot potential problems with equipment, and rectify a bad situation if anything goes wrong.

2.

The trainer must be a competent person who is qualified in the following areas:        The nature of fall hazards in the work area.

The correct procedures for erecting, maintaining, disassembling, and inspecting the fall protection systems to be used.
The use and operation of controlled access zones; guardrail, personal fall arrest, safety net, warning line, and safety monitoring systems; and other protection to be used.

The role of each worker in the safety monitoring system when the system is used.

The correct procedures for equipment and materials handling and storage and the erection of overhead protection.

The role of workers in fall protection plans.

Fall protection requirements.

6.4.

SUPERVISORS 1.


Train supervisors for each job site, to be able to respond immediately to hazardous situations as needed to ensure worker safety.

2.

Each supervisor should receive Red Cross first aid and CPR training and renewal of certification as required.

Supervisors are required to be familiarized with the project OSH and ITC plans.

Train supervisors to: 3.

4.

1.

Undertake DAILY pre-shift equipment checks and verify that any problems are corrected.
The supervisor must be responsible for ensuring that inspections are performed daily, that necessary repairs are made, that scheduled maintenance is performed, and that records of all inspections and repairs are maintained.

Identify hazards and institute appropriate mitigation measures, and document these.

2.

44 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan 3.
Evaluate the effectiveness of the temporary traffic control setup by walking or riding the job looking for evidence of near misses (e.g.

skid marks, damaged barricades).

4.

Ensure that all employees under his supervision comply fully with the OSH and ITC plans.

5.

Complete accident investigation report forms no matter how slight the injury.

See Annex 2B for the report templates.

Annex 2A is to be maintained by project management.

6.

Document all near misses reported.

7.


Ensure that workers maintain the site in a clean and safe manner.

8.

Interact appropriately with visitors to the site.

6.5.

EQUIPMENT OPERATORS 1.

Train equipment operators in the proper use of the equipment they are assigned to operate.

Be sure to follow manufacturers’ specifications and recommendations.

Only personnel properly authorized and trained are to operate equipment.

2.
2.

Train operators to conduct visual and operational checks on all machine systems and operating controls before working the machine.

3.

Train equipment operators never to move equipment without making positive visual contact with any workers on foot near the equipment.

4.
4.

Train equipment operators in safe work practices to prevent equipment rollovers:  Maintain proper tire pressure  Know material density and surface stability  Use spotters with two-way radio communication   Use edge guards on trailers to prevent rollovers  Use spotters during loading and unloading of equipment from transport trailers  Train operators to use seat-belts and to remain belted in the event of a rollover Install full width loading ramps on transport trailers.

6.6.
6.6.

HANDLING OF ASPHALT 1.

All workers exposed to asphalt fumes should be trained about hazards and safe work procedures.

This training should include specific information about the solvents used in mixing the asphalt.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 45 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan 7.

REFERENCES 1.

University of Mississippi Occupational Safety Manual 2.
Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, November 2003, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No.

2004/107, Preventing Injuries When Working with Hydraulic Excavators and Backhoe Loaders 3.

Burke, G. H., Singh, B. R., Theodore, L, Handbook of Environmental Management and Technology, 2nd ed., Wiley-Interscience, 2000 4.
American Federation of State County and Municipal Employees website http://www.afscme.org/issues/1363.cfm Revised February 1989, downloaded July 2010.

5.

Commission for Occupational Safety and Health, Government of Western Australia, 2005.

Code of practice: excavation.

6.

New Zealand Forest Owners Association Inc, 2011.

New Zealand Forest Road Engineering Manual.

7.

New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE), 2012.
Approved Code of Practice for Safety and Health in Forest Operations 8.

Pratt, S. G., Fosbroke, D. E., Marsh, S. M., 2001.

Buildings Safer Highways Work Zones: Measures to Prevent Worker Injuries From Vehicles and Equipment.

Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.

9.

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 2015.

Trenching and Excavation Safety.

10.


South African National Roads Agency Society Ltd, date unknown.

Chapter 15 - Gabions, Erosion Protection.

Downloaded from https://www.nra.co.za/content/Chapter_15.pdf 11.

Forest Owners Association, 2011.

New Zealand Forest Road Engineering Manual Workplace health and safety (Queensland government), 2017.

WHS management plans.

12.

Department of Transport (Ireland) et al, 2010.

Guidance for the Control and Management of Traffic at Road Works, Second Edition.

13.
13.

Bryant, C, 2005.

Preventing Falls in Bridge Construction.

March 2005 issue of Occupational Health & Safety.

14.

OSHA, Welcome to OSHA's Fall Prevention Campaign.

Downloaded from https://www.osha.gov/stopfalls/ 15.

OSHA, 2015.

Fall protection in construction.

16.

OSHA Standard 1926.106 Working over or Near Water 17.
Dru Sahai, Summer 2001.Cement Hazards and Controls: Health Risks and Precautions in Using Portland Cement, Construction Safety Magazine, Volume 12, Number 2 46 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan 8.

ANNEX 1.
ANNEX 1.

WORK HEALTH AND SAFETY (WHS) MANAGEMENT PLAN A Work Health and Safety (WHS) Management Plan can assist contractors to manage their workplace health and safety obligations.

The contractor for a construction project must prepare a written Work Health and Safety Management Plan for the workplace before work on the project commences.

The plan should reference the Employer ESHS Policy, and explain how the key safety and health issues will be coordinated on site.
It must be relevant to the project and should be developed on the basis of the Preliminary Safety and Health Plan provided by the Client.

The WHS management plan:   identifies the work that is high risk construction work specifies hazards relating to the high risk construction work and risks to health and safety associated with those hazards  describes the measures to be implemented to control the risks  describes how the control measures are to be implemented, monitored and reviewed.
The WHS management plan must also state:    the names, positions and health and safety responsibilities of all persons at the workplace whose positions or roles involve specific health and safety responsibilities in connection with the project the arrangements in place, between any persons conducting a business or undertaking at the workplace where the construction project is being undertaken, for consultation, cooperation and the coordination of activities in relation to compliance with their duties.
This includes other work activities taking place on site; e.g.

maintenance works by a statutory undertaker.

the arrangements in place for managing any work health and safety incidents that occur.

information and arrangements for the welfare of workers.

  any site-specific health and safety rules, and the arrangements for ensuring that all  persons at the workplace are informed of these rules.
the arrangements for the collection and any assessment, monitoring and review of safe work method statements at the workplace.

The plan must be written so it is easy to understand, signed and dated by the principal contractor.

It must be available for the length of the project.

The contractor must sign and date safe work method statements (SWMS) (see below) that have been received and keep them with the plan, as well as monitor their implementation.
The contractor cannot allow work to start unless:   the plan has been discussed with or a copy given to all relevant people the plan is available or readily available for inspection.

The contractor for a construction project must review and, as necessary, revise the WHS management plan if there are changes in how risks will be managed.

The contractor is also responsible to ensure that the relevant people are informed of the revisions.
RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 47 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan Safe work method statements (SWMS) Purpose The primary purpose of a SWMS is to help supervisors, workers and any other persons at the workplace to understand the requirements that have been established to carry out the high risk construction work in a safe and healthy manner.
The SWMS: references the Employer ESHS Policy sets out the work activities in logical sequences identifies hazards     describes control measures.

Both simple and complex activities can be broken down into a series of basic steps that will allow for full analysis of each part of the activity for hazards and potential incidents.
The description of the process should not be so broad that it leaves out activities with the potential to cause incidents and prevents proper identification of the hazards nor is it necessary to go into fine detail of the tasks.
The aim of a SWMS is to: identify the resources, manpower and skills associated with the task  describe the activity or task to be undertaken   assess and select control measures (as appropriate)  systematically plan the activity so it can be completed efficiently and effectively.

The SWMS must be easy to read by those who need to know what has been planned to manage the risks and implement the control measures and ensure the work is being carried out in accordance with the SWMS.
These persons include:    the supervisor of the high risk construction work the worker carrying out the high risk construction work the person who has management and control over the high risk construction work.

Contents of a safe work method statement (SWMS) When preparing a SWMS, the circumstances at the workplace that may affect the way in which the high risk construction work is carried out must be taken into account.
A SWMS should also include the following information:  details of the person(s) responsible for ensuring implementation, monitoring and compliance with the SWMS the name of the principal contractor the address where the high risk construction work will be carried out the date the SWMS was prepared the review date (if any).

    Workers and their health and safety representatives should be consulted in the preparation of the SWMS.
If there are no workers engaged at the planning stage, consultation should occur with workers when the SWMS is first made available to workers for example, during 48 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan induction training, or when it is reviewed such as during workplace-specific training or a toolbox talk.
The SWMS may include:    the names of workers that have been consulted on the content of the SWMS the date the consultation occurred the signature of each worker acknowledging their participation in this consultation and the opportunity to discuss the proposed measures.

The content of a SWMS should provide clear direction on the control measures to be implemented.

There should be no statements that require a decision to be made by supervisors or workers.
For example, the statement 'use appropriate PPE' does not detail the control measures.

The control measures should be clearly specified.

There may be situations where there are different types of high risk construction work occurring at the same time at the same workplace, e.g.

slope benching and road construction.

Options are to: 1.

Prepare one SWMS to cover all the high risk construction work being carried out at the workplace.

2.
2.

Prepare a separate SWMS for each type of high risk construction work.

If separate SWMSs are prepared, thought must be given to how the different work activities may impact on each other and whether this may lead to inconsistencies between the various control measures.
If separate SWMSs are being prepared by different contractors operating within the same workspace, consultation, coordination and cooperation between the contractors must occur to the extent necessary to avoid inconsistencies and ensure that each contractor is carrying the work out safely.

Generic safe work method statement (SWMS) A generic SWMS may be prepared and used for work activities that are carried out on a regular basis.

The content of this type of SWMS may be refined over a number of years.
Prior to each new activity, the SWMS must be reviewed and revised to ensure it applies to the high risk construction work and the actual workplace.

Compliance with safe work method statement (SWMS) All contractors who are involved in high risk construction work must develop and implement arrangements to ensure the work is carried out in accordance with the SWMS.

These may include a system of routine or random workplace inspections (e.g.
asking workers and supervisors a few questions about the control measures used in the SWMS to see if they understand what has to be done).

If the work is not being carried out in accordance with the SWMS: the work must stop immediately or as soon as it is safe to do so   work must not resume until the work can be carried out in accordance with the SWMS.
If work is stopped, the work and the SWMS should be reviewed to identify non-compliance and ensure the method in the SWMS is the most practical and safest way of doing the task.

Tthe SWMS should be revised if another method is identified as being a safer option, before work resumes.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 49 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan Providing information and instruction A contractor must ensure that all workers who will be involved in high risk construction work are provided with information and instruction so they:  understand the hazards and the risks arising from the work  understand and implement the risk controls in a SWMS  know what to do if the work is not being conducted in accordance with the SWMS.
This information and instruction may be provided during induction training, workplace- specific or during a toolbox talk.

Location of a safe work method statement (SWMS) The SWMS may be kept at the workplace where the high risk construction work will be carried out.

If this is not possible, then the SWMS should be kept at a location where it can be delivered to the workplace promptly.
A contractor must ensure the SWMS is available:   to any person engaged to carry out the high risk construction work for inspection by relevant authorities The workers that are carrying out the high risk construction work do not necessarily need a copy of the SWMS.

However, they must be aware of and understand the hazards and controls so that the work can be carried out in accordance the SWMS.

Review of safe work method statement A SWMS must be reviewed regularly to make sure it remains effective.
A SWMS must be reviewed (and revised if necessary) if relevant control measures are revised.

The review process should be carried out in consultation with workers (including contractors and subcontractors) who may be affected by the operation of the SWMS and their health and safety representatives who represented that work group at the workplace.
When a SWMS has been revised the contractor must ensure:  all persons involved with the high risk construction work are advised that a revision has been made and how they can access the revised SWMS.

 all persons who will need to change a work procedure or system as a result of the review are advised of the changes in a way that will enable them to implement their duties consistently with the revised SWMS.
 all workers that will be involved in the high risk construction work are provided with the relevant information and instruction that will assist them to understand and implement the revised SWMS.

Safety File The Contractor should prepare a Safety File for the project and present it to the Client when the project is complete.
The Safety File is developed by gathering relevant safety and health information that may assist those who are responsible for the road network with regard to any major safety and health risks that may need to be addressed during subsequent maintenance, repair and other construction works.

The Safety File would normally include: 50 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan  construction drawings, specification and bills of quantities, used and produced  throughout the project; the design criteria implemented and details of any equipment and maintenance facilities provided;  where applicable, documents produced by Contractors outlining operating and maintenance procedures and schedules for plant and equipment installed as part of any incorporated structure; and  where appropriate, details of the locations of utilities and services, including emergency services.
The Safety File should be retained by the Client.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 51 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan Annex 2A.

Log of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses (Adapted from OSHA's Form 300 (Rev.

01/2004)) Note: 1.
01/2004)) Note: 1.

This form contains information relating to employee health and must be used in a manner that protects the confidentiality of employees to the extent possible while the information is being used for occupational safety and health purposes.

Form is to be available to Labour officers and persons authorized under the Labour Contracts Act and Labour Code.

2.
2.

Record:    information about every work-related injury or illness that involves loss of consciousness, restricted work activity or job transfer, days away from work, or medical treatment beyond first aid.

significant work-related injuries and illnesses that are diagnosed by a physician or licensed health care professional.

work-related injuries and illnesses that meet any of the specific recording criteria listed in 29 CFR 1904.8 through 1904.12.

3.

Use two lines for a single case if necessary.


4.

Also complete an injury and illness incident report (OSHA Form 301) or equivalent form for each injury or illness recorded on this form.

Company Name______________________________________ Jobsite____________________________________ Period covered______________________ Page number___________ Identify the person Employee's Name Describe the case Job Title Welder) (e.g., .

o N e s a C 52 Date injury onset illness of or of Where the event occurred (e.g.
Loading dock north end) Describe injury or illness, parts of body affected, and object/ substance that directly injured or made person ill (e.g.
Second degree burns on right forearm from acetylene torch) Page totals RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 Classify the case Check only one box for each case based on the most serious outcome for the case Enter the number of days the injured or ill worker was: Check the "injury" column or choose one type of illness: Death Days away from work Remained at work Job transfer or restriction Other recordable cases Away From Work (days) On job transfer or restriction (days Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan Annex 2B.

Injuries and Illnesses Incident Report (adapted from OSHA's Form 301) Note: This form contains information relating to employee health and must be used in a manner that protects the confidentiality of employees to the extent possible while the information is being used for occupational safety and health purposes.

Form is to be available to Labour officers and persons authorized under the Labour Contracts Act and Labour Code.
This Injury and Illness Incident Report is one of the first forms to be filled out when a recordable work-related injury or illness has occurred.

Together with the Log of Work-Related injuries and Illnesses, these forms help the employer and labour officials develop a picture of the extent and severity of work-related incidents.

This form or an equivalent must be completed within 7 calendar days after receiving information that a recordable work-related injury or illness has occurred.
To be considered an equivalent form, any substitute must contain all the information asked for on this form.

In accordance with best practice, this form should be kept on on file for 5 years following the year to which it pertains.

No.

1 No 7 9 11 12 Information about the employee No.
Information about physician or other health care professional Full name Alias Address Date of birth Date hired Gender [ ] Male [ ] Female number Information about the case Case from the Log Time employee began work What was the employee doing just before the incident occurred?

Describe the activity, as well as the tools, equipment or material the employee was using.

Be specific.
Be specific.

Examples: "climbing a ladder while carrying roofing materials"; "spraying chlorine from hand sprayer"; "daily computer key-entry."

What happened?

Tell how the injury occurred.

Examples: "When ladder slipped on wet floor, worker fell 20 feet"; "Worker was sprayed with chlorine when gasket broke during replacement"; "Worker developed soreness in wrist over time."
7 8 9 10 8 10 Name of physician or other health care professional If treatment was given away from the worksite, where was it given?

(facility name and address) Was employee treated in an emergency room?

Was employee hospitalised overnight as an in-patient?

Date of injury or illness [ ] Yes [ ] No [ ] Yes [ ] No Time of event [ ]__________AM/PM [ ] Don’t know RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 53 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 3: Preliminary Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Plan 13 14 What was the injury or illness?

Tell the part of the body that was affected and how it was affected.

Examples: "strained back"; "chemical burn, hand"; "carpal tunnel syndrome."

What object or substance directly harmed the employee?

Examples: "concrete floor"; "chlorine"; "radial arm saw."

If this question does not apply to the incident, leave it blank.

15 If the employee died, what date did death occur?
Completed by ___________________________________________ Title ____________________________________________ Phone _________________________________________________ Date ____________________________________________ 54 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP3-Ed02 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan APPENDIX 4.- BIOENGINEERING RECOMMENDATIONS RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 143 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations  CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 5 1.

2.

ATTRIBUTES AND LIMITATIONS OF SOIL BIOENGINEERING .............................................. 8 3.

BASIC PRINCIPLES AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ...................................................... 10 3.1.

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SOIL BIOENGINEERING .............................................................. 10 3.2.
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ............................................................................................. 11 4.

CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES AND MATERIALS ............................................................ 13 4.1.

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS ......................................................................................... 13 4.2.

SOIL BIOENGINEERING TECHNIQUES ............................................................................ 13 4.3.
SOIL BIOENGINEERING MATERIALS ............................................................................... 17 5.

VETIVER ............................................................................................................................ 21 5.1.

VETIVER APPLICATIONS .................................................................................................. 21 5.2.
SLOPE STABILITY ............................................................................................................... 21 5.3.

WATER DISASTER MITIGATION ........................................................................................ 24 5.4.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF VETIVER SYSTEMS (VS) COMPARED TO CONVENTIONAL ENGINEERING MEASURES ................................................................. 24 5.5.
OTHER USES OF VETIVER ................................................................................................. 25 5.6.

APPROPRIATE DESIGNS AND TECHNIQUES .................................................................. 26 SITES SELECTED FOR BIOENGINEERING ........................................................................... 32 6.

6.1.

LOCATIONS ..................................................................................................................... 32 6.2.
BIOENGINEERING APPROACH ...................................................................................... 32 6.3.

RECOMMENDED SPECIES FOR PLANTING BY ROAD SEGMENT ................................. 32 6.4.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SPECIES IDENTIFICATION AND PROPAGATION .............. 34 7.

GLOSSARY ....................................................................................................................... 35 8.
REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................... 38 9.

ANNEX 1.

LOCATIONS IDENTIFIED FOR BIOENGINEERING ............................................ 39 10.

ANNEX 2.

SITE FILES FOR SOME OF THE LOCATIONS IDENTIFIED FOR BIOENGINEERING ......................................................................................................................................... 61 11.

ANNEX 3.
ANNEX 3.

CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES FOR BIOENGINEERING TECHNIQUES ............105 12.

ANNEX 4.

RECOMMENDED BIOENGINEERING PROGRAMME ......................................118 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 1 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations Acronyms and Abbreviations AFSCME American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees ESHS Environmental Social Health and Safety Cap.

Chapter CEP CFP Ch.
CIMH CITES Consulting Engineers Partnership Chance Find Procedures Chainage Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology UN Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CPR Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation DOMLEC Dominica Electricity Services DOWASCO Dominica Water and Sewage Corporation DVRP ECU EC$ EHD EHO EIA EMF EMP FAD FP GCF GOD GRM H:V H&S Disaster Vulnerability Reduction Project Environmental Coordinating Unit Eastern Caribbean Dollars Environmental Health Department Environmental Health Officer Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental Management Framework Environmental Management Plan Fish Aggregating Device Flashpoint Global Climate Fund Government of the Commonwealth of Dominica grant reporting and monitoring ( Horizontal:Vertical Health and Safety HEC-RAS Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System Heavy Goods Vehicle Innovation Policy Platform Internal traffic control plan International Union for Conservation of Nature HGV IPP ITCP IUCN 2 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations LHS Left Hand Side LMCC Lorry Mounted Crash Cushions MEA MOA Multilateral Environmental Agreement Ministry of Agriculture MSDS Material Safety Data Sheets NA NGO Not Applicable Non-governmental Organisation NIOSH National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health NLUP National Land Use Policy No.
NPDP Number Dominica National Physical Development Plan OECS Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States OH&S Occupational Health and Safety OP/BP Operational Procedures/Bank Procedures OSH PCU PCR PMC RPF PSC PRO POPs PPE RHS SIA SLM SNC SRO STEL Safe Work Method Statements Occupational Safety and Health Project Coordinating Unit Physical Cultural Resources Project Management/Monitoring Committee Resettlement Policy Framework Project steering Committee Public Relations Officer Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Personal Protective Equipment Right Hand Side Social Impact Assessment Sustainable Land Management Second National Communication Statutory Rules and Orders Short Term Exposure Limit SWMS Safe Work Method Statement TCP Traffic Control Principles RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 3 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations TNC TOR Third National Communication Terms of Reference UNCLOS UN Convention of Law of the Sea UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific ad Cultural Organisation US$ VI VS WHS Ø United States Dollars Vertical Interval Vetiver Systems Work, Health and Safety Diameter 4 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations 1.


INTRODUCTION Soil bioengineering is the use of living vegetation, either alone or in conjunction with non-living plant material and civil engineering structures, to stabilise slopes and/or reduce erosion.

Live plants and plant parts provide additional mechanical support to soil, present barriers to earth movement, or function as hydraulic drains or hydraulic pumps or wicks.
Soil bioengineering systems use live plant cuttings, rooted plants, and plant stems that are placed in the ground, or in earthen or other structures that commonly incorporate inert materials such as rock, wood, geo-synthetics, geo-composites or other manufactured products.

It goes beyond direct planting, particularly in areas of severe soil erosion.

Soil bioengineering measures can minimise the deterioration of natural slopes affected by recent, shallow landsliding and related gully erosion.
Measures may be instituted that are capable of reinforcing the soil mass, thereby increasing the resistance of the slope to further debris movement, and accelerate the natural re-vegetation of deteriorating slopes, which in turn enhances the local ecosystems.

See Table 1 for uses of vegetation in upland slope protection.
In situations where the long-term repair of natural terrain landslide scars is necessary, soil bioengineering measures offer a largely maintenance-free, and environmentally acceptable alternative to conventional slope works.

Importantly, the use of soil bioengineering measures on natural hillsides is entirely compatible with current environmental concerns, including greening initiatives, ecological compatibility, and sustainability.
Practically, a vegetation cover is less heat and light reflective than a hard cover, the plants extract water from the soil, and their roots bind the soil particles.

low-cost, potentially effective, sustainable, One of the major differences between physical engineering construction techniques and soil bioengineering is that physical structures provide immediate protection, whereas vegetation needs time to reach maximum strength.
Thus the combination of physical and vegetative measures offers a combination of immediate and long-term protection, as well as mitigation of the ecological damaging effects of some physical constructions.

Table 1.

Use of vegetation in upland slope protection and erosion control i i L v n g Category Examples Appropriate uses Role of vegetation Vegetative plantings Grass seedlings Transplants Control water and wind.

Control weeds.

Erosion.


Conventional plantings Forbs Minimize frost effects (not applicable in this context).

Soil bioengineering Live staking Live fascine Control of rills & gullies.

Bind & restrain soil.

Filter soil from runoff.

Intercept raindrops.

Maintain infiltration.

Moderate temperature.

ground Same as above, but soil, reinforce also transpire excess water, RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 5 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations Category Examples Appropriate uses Role of vegetation Woody plants used as reinforcement, as barriers to soil movements, & frontal the in or openings interstices of retaining structures.

Brushlayer Branchpacking Live cribwall Live gully repair Vegetated gabion Vegetated rock wall Joint planting Control of (translational) movement.

shallow mass & minimize downslope movement of earth masses.

Filter sediment.
Filter sediment.

rock Improved resistance to low to moderate earth forces.

Reinforce fill monolithic mass.

into Improve appearance and performance of structure.

N o n - l i i v n g Vegetated structures Wall or revetment with slope face planting.

Inert structures with vegetative treatments.

Tiered structures with bench planting.

Control erosion on cut & fill slopes subject to scour & undermining.

Stop or prevent erosion & shallow sloughing on or at the slope face above the toe.
Bioengineering measures may be direct (applied to sites requiring repair or stabilisation) or indirect (applied to areas adjacent to deteriorated sites).

 Direct soil bioengineering measures include two distinct components, namely, ‘living’ (i.e.

the planting of herbaceous and woody species) and ‘structural’ or ‘non-living’ (e.g.

timber cribwalls and bender fences).

In practice, the two components are commonly combined (e.g.
live cribwalls, vegetated rock gabions, vegetated rock walls, and joint plantings) and the individual measures are integrated into a comprehensive includes conventional direct planting of grasses, shrubs or trees, and more specific soil bioengineering techniques that use stems or branches of living plants as the primary soil reinforcing and stabilising agents.

soil bioengineering living approach strategy.


The Following installation of the stems and branches, the active growth of roots and stems form the major structural components of the soil bioengineering system.

Subsequent invasion by surrounding plants reinforces the system.

Prior to the development of roots, each measure provides different immediate depths of effectiveness.

Rooting depths typically range from 200mm to 1200mm for most natural hillside applications.
Thus, soil bioengineering methods can be expected to reinforce the soil to depths of up to about 1 metre, which contrasts with the shallow soil binding depths offered by the more commonly used greening methods such as hydroseeding or conventional planting.

 Indirect soil bioengineering measures include the planting of live barriers.

These are belts of hardy species (trees and bamboo), strategically planted to restrict the passage of landslide debris.
They can be planted within drainage lines, below potentially unstable slopes, to restrict the passage of channelized debris flows, and on open hillslopes, below recent landslide scars, to restrict the movement of debris derived from open hillslope failures.

6 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations Selection of suitable plant species and species combinations is an important aspect of soil bioengineering.

Plants must be able to tolerate thin, acidic, well-drained soils, on steep slopes, in exposed locations.

Species should be selected in consultation with local experts and following on-site vegetation surveys.
Native species, mainly shrubs, are preferable, because they blend in with the existing vegetation cover, and they are adapted to the local climate, soil conditions and available slope moisture.

Importantly, natives can usually be harvested from areas immediately adjacent or close to the site and are thus relatively inexpensive to procure.
Consideration should also be given to the ability of the plants to promote natural colonisation by the surrounding plant community, with the ultimate goal of producing a diverse and sustainable native or semi-native plant cover.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 7 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations 2.


ATTRIBUTES AND LIMITATIONS OF SOIL BIOENGINEERING Soil bioengineering has unique attributes but is not appropriate for all sites and situations.

In some cases, conventional vegetative treatment such as grass seeding and hydro mulching is satisfactorily at lower cost.

In other cases, the more appropriate and most effective solution is a structural retaining system alone or combined with soil bioengineering.
Sites in some areas rapidly re-colonise naturally, without intervention, so bioengineering techniques would be unwarranted at these locations, primarily because initial vegetation clearance would be required.
The following specific attributes and limitations should be considered in determining whether a soil bioengineering technique is appropriate: (1) Environmental compatibility Installation of soil bioengineering systems generally requires minimal access for equipment and workers and results in relatively minor site disturbance.
These attributes may be a priority in environmentally sensitive areas such as parks, woodlands, riparian areas, and scenic corridors where values such as aesthetic quality and wildlife habitat are critical.

On this project, this includes areas along segment 1 through the protected area and national park, segment 3 in those areas where the national trail coincides with the road, and segment 4 through the Kalinago territory.
(2) Cost effectiveness Combined slope protection systems may be more cost effective than the use of either comparative vegetative treatments or structural solutions alone.

Where construction is labor intensive and labor costs are reasonable, combined systems may be especially cost effective.

Where labor is either scarce or extremely expensive, soil bioengineering systems may be less cost effective than structural measures.
Use of increases cost effectiveness as plant costs are limited to labor for harvesting, handling, and direct costs for transporting the plants to the site.

indigenous materials (3) Difficult sites Soil bioengineering measures are not suitable for emergency slope repairs but should be considered as a long-term replacement for temporary works such as shotcreting.

Shallow failure scars in thick soil present the optimum opportunities for the effective application of soil bioengineering measures.
It is often a useful option for small, highly sensitive, or steep sites where the use of machinery is not feasible and hand labor is a necessity.

Steep slopes (over about 35º) may present problems because they generally require the provision of safety measures along the access routes and in the working areas.

Other conditions may present important limitations.

Rapid vegetative establishment may be difficult on extremely steep slopes (see Table 2 below).
The usefulness of soil bioengineering methods may be limited by the available medium for plant growth, such as rocky or gravelly slopes that lack sufficient fines or moisture to support the required plant growth.

The biotechnical usefulness of vegetation would also be limited on slopes that are exposed to high velocity water flow or constant inundation.

8 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations Table 2.
Slope angle limitations on establishment of vegetation Slope angle (degrees) Grass Vegetation type Shrubs/Trees 0 - 30 30 - 45 Low in difficulty; techniques may be used routine planting Increasingly difficult for sprigging or turfing; routine application for hydro seeding in difficulty; Low techniques may be used routine planting Increasingly difficult to plant > 45 Special consideration required Planting must generally be on benches (4) Harvesting local plant material Appropriate vegetation is often obtained from local stands of suitable species.
This stock is already well suited to the climate, soil conditions, and available moisture and is a good candidate for survival.

While harvesting may often help a beneficial species proliferate, reliance on the use of local plant materials and gathering in the wild could result in short supplies or unacceptable depletion of site vegetation.

(5) Biotechnical strengths Soil bioengineering systems are strong initially and grow stronger over time as vegetation establishes.
In many instances, the primary role of the structural component is to give the vegetation a better chance to become established.

It is possible for soil bioengineering systems to withstand heavy rainfalls immediately after installation; even if established vegetation dies, the plant roots and surface residue may continue to play an important protective role during reestablishment.
(6) Maintenance requirements Once vegetation is well established, usually within one growing season, it becomes self- repairing by regeneration and growth, requiring little maintenance.

However, a newly installed soil bioengineering project will require careful periodic inspection until established.

Established vegetation is vulnerable to trampling, drought, grazing, nutrient deficiencies, toxins, and pests, and may intermittently require special management measures.
RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 9 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations 3.

BASIC PRINCIPLES AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 3.1.

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SOIL BIOENGINEERING Basic principles of conventional soil erosion control also generally apply to soil bioengineering.

These are common sense guidelines involving design of the individual measures, planning, timing, and minimizing site disturbance.
Applicable principles can be summarized as follows: (1) Fit the soil bioengineering system to the site Consider site topography, geology, soils, vegetation, and hydrology.

Avoid extensive grading and earthwork in critical areas.

At a minimum, collect the following information: (i) Topography and exposure • Observe existing stable slopes in the vicinity of the project site.

Note slope angle in stable and unstable areas, and presence or lack of moisture.
• Note type and density of existing vegetation in areas with and without moisture and on slopes facing different directions.

Certain plants grow well on east-facing slopes but will not survive on south-facing slopes.

Identify areas of vegetation that may be growing more vigorously than others.

This may indicate excess moisture (such as seeps or a perched water table) or a change in soils.

• (ii) Geology and soils • Determine geologic history and types of deposits.

• Note evidence of past sliding.


If evidence exists, determine whether the slide was along a deep or shallow failure surface.

Leaning or deformed trees may indicate previous slope movement or downhill creep.

Check aerial photos which can reveal features that may not be apparent on the ground.

• Determine soil type and depth.

(iii) Hydrology • Determine the drainage area associated with the problem area.

Note whether water can be diverted away from the problem area.
• Determine annual precipitation, and whether there are concentrated discharges.

• Calculate peak flows or mean discharge through the project area.

• If a seep area was noted, locate the water source.

Determine whether the water can be intercepted and diverted away from the slope face.

(2) Retain existing vegetation whenever possible • Vegetation provides excellent protection against surface erosion and shallow slope failures.
Soil bioengineering measures are designed to aid or enhance the reestablishment of vegetation.

(3) Limit removal of vegetation • Limit cleared area to the smallest practical size.

• Limit duration of disturbance to the shortest practical time.

10 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations • Remove and store existing woody vegetation for possible later use in the project.
• Undertake land clearing during periods of low precipitation if possible.

(4) Stockpile and protect topsoil • Topsoil removed during clearing and grading can be reused during planting.

(5) Protect areas exposed during construction • Temporary erosion and sediment control measures may be used.

(6) Divert, drain, or store excess water • • Install a suitable system to handle increased and/or concentrated runoff caused by changed soil and surface conditions during and after construction.
Install permanent erosion and sediment control measures in the project before construction is started if possible.

3.2.

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS (1) Earthwork Typically, sites require some earthwork prior to installation of soil bioengineering systems.

A steep undercut or slumping bank, for example, requires grading to flatten the slope for stability.

The degree of flattening depends on soil type, hydrologic conditions, geology, and other site factors.
(2) Scheduling and timing Planning and coordination are needed to achieve optimal timing and scheduling.

The seasonal availability of plants or the best time of year to install them may not coincide with the construction season or with tight construction schedules.

In some cases, rooted stock may be used as an alternative to unrooted dormant season cuttings.
(3) Vegetative damage to inert structures Vegetative damage to inert structures may occur when inappropriate species or plant materials that exceed the size of openings in the face of structures are used.

Vegetative damage does not generally occur from roots which tend to avoid porous, open-faced retaining structures because of excessive sunlight, moisture deficiencies, and the lack of a growing medium.
(4) Moisture requirements and effects The needs of plants and the requirements of structures must both be taken into account when designing a system.

The backfill behind a stable retaining structure has certain specified mechanical and hydraulic properties.

Ideally, fill material is coarse-grained, free-draining and granular.

Excessive amounts of clay, silt, and organic matter are not desirable, as free drainage is essential to the mechanical integrity of an earth retaining structure.
Free drainage is also important to vegetation which does not tolerate waterlogged soil conditions well.

However, establishment and maintenance of vegetation usually requires the presence of some fines and organic matter to provide adequate moisture and nutrient retention in the soil.

These requirements can usually be satisfied without compromising engineering performance of the structure.

With cribwalls, for example, adequate amounts of fines or other amendments can be incorporated into the backfill.
Gabions can be filled with rock and soil drifted into them to RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 11 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations facilitate growth of vegetation.

Woody vegetative cuttings can be placed between the baskets during filling and into the soil or backfill beyond the baskets.

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Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations 4.

CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES AND MATERIALS 4.1.

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Soil bioengineering measures have certain requirements and capabilities.

Plant species must be suitable for the intended use and adapted to the site’s climate and soil conditions.

Species that root easily are required for such measures as live fascines, brushlayers, live staking or where unrooted stems are used with structural measures.
Vegetative cuttings and rooted plants1 are living material and must be handled in a way that avoids excess stress such as drying or heat exposure.

They must be installed in moist soil and adequately covered.

The soil must be compacted to eliminate or minimize air pockets around buried stems.

If soils are not at or near moisture capacity, installation must be delayed unless deep and regular irrigation can be provided during and following installation.
All installations should be inspected regularly and provisions made for prompt repair if needed.

Initial failure of a small portion of a system normally can be repaired easily and inexpensively.

Neglect of small failures can result in the failure of large portions of a system.

Properly designed and installed vegetative portions of systems will become self-repairing to a large extent.

Periodic pruning and replanting may be required to maintain healthy and vigorous vegetation.
Structural elements such as cribwalls, rock walls, and gabions may require maintenance and/or replacement throughout their life.

Where the main function of structural elements is to allow vegetation to become established and take over the role of slope stabilization, the eventual deterioration of the structures is not a cause for concern.

4.2.

SOIL BIOENGINEERING TECHNIQUES The following table 3 describes common soil bioengineering techniques.
Options are: (1) Live stake (2) Live fascine (3) Brushlayer (4) Branchpacking (5) Live gully repair (6) Live cribwall (7) Vegetated rock gabions (8) Vegetated rock wall (9) Joint planting Details on installation of these are provided in Annex 3.

1 Rooted plants are sometimes less effective and more expensive.

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Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations Table 3.
Common soil bioengineering techniques Bioengineering Techniques (1) Live stake (2) Live fascine (3) Brush- layer Description Applications and effectiveness Involves insertion and tamping of live, rootable vegetative cuttings into the ground.

A system of stakes creates a living root mat that stabilizes the soil by reinforcing and binding soil particles together and by extracting excess soil moisture.

Long bundles of branch cuttings bound together into sausage-like structures.
When cut from appropriate species and properly installed with live and dead stout stakes, they root and immediately begin to stabilize slopes.

Should be placed in shallow contour trenches on dry slopes and at an angle on wet slopes to reduce erosion and shallow face sliding.

This system does not cause much site disturbance.


Similar to live fascine systems, as both involve cutting and placement of The techniques differ principally in the orientation of the branches and the depth to which they are placed in the slope.

live branch cuttings on slopes.

In brushlayering, cuttings are oriented more or less perpendicular to the slope contour.

This orientation is more effective for earth reinforcement and mass stability of the slope.
• • For repair of small earth slips and slumps that frequently are wet.

Inexpensive method for relatively uncomplicated site conditions with limited construction time.

• May be used to peg down surface erosion control materials.

• invasion of other plants from Enhances conditions for natural surrounding community.

• Can be used to stabilize intervening area between other soil bioengineering techniques, such as live fascines.

Effective stabilization technique for slopes.


• • Protects slopes from shallow slides (1 to 2 foot depth).

• • • Capable of trapping and holding soil on the face of the slope, thus Immediately reduces surface erosion or rilling.

Suited to steep, rocky slopes, where digging is difficult.

• reducing a long slope into a series of shorter slopes.

Enhances vegetative establishment by creating a microclimate conducive to plant growth.
• Brushlayers are recommended on slopes up to 2:1 in steepness and not to exceed 15 feet in vertical height.

They perform several immediate functions in erosion control, earth reinforcement, and mass stability of slopes: • Breaks up slope length into a series of shorter slopes separated by rows of brushlayer.

• Reinforces the soil with the unrooted branch stems.

• Reinforces the soil as roots develop, adding significant resistance to sliding or shear displacement.
14 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations Bioengineering Techniques Description Applications and effectiveness Live branch cuttings are placed in small benches excavated into the slope.

Benches range from 2 to 3 feet wide.

Brushlayer branches serve as tensile inclusions or reinforcing units.
The portions of the brush that protrude from the slope face assist in retarding runoff and reducing surface erosion.

(4) Branch- packing Branchpacking consists of alternating layers of live branch cuttings and compacted backfill.

(5) Live gully repair A live gully repair utilizes alternating layers of live branch cuttings and compacted soil to repair small rills and gullies.

Similar to branchpacking, this method is more appropriate for the repair of rills and gullies.
(6) Live cribwall A live cribwall consists of a hollow, box-like interlocking arrangement of untreated log or timber members.

The structure is filled with suitable backfill material and layers of live branch cuttings which root inside the crib structure and extend into the slope.

Once the live cuttings root and become established, the subsequent vegetation gradually takes over the structural functions of the wood members.

• Provides slope stability and allows vegetative cover to become established.
Traps debris on the slope.

• • Aids infiltration on dry sites.

• Dries excessively wet sites.

• Adjusts site’s microclimate, aiding seed germination and natural regeneration.

• Redirecting and mitigating adverse slope seepage by acting as horizontal drains.

• Repairs small localized slumps and holes in slopes, and earthen embankments other than dams (where water retention is a function).

Effective in earth reinforcement and mass stability of small earthen fill sites.
• • Produces a filter barrier, reducing erosion and scouring conditions.

• Provides immediate soil reinforcement.

• installed branches offer The reinforcement to the compacted soil and reduce the velocity of concentrated flow of water.

immediate • Provides a filter barrier that reduces rill and gully erosion.

• Limited to rills or gullies a maximum of 2 feet wide, 1 foot deep, and 15 feet long.
• Appropriate at the base of a slope where a low wall may be required to stabilize the toe of the slope and reduce its steepness.

• Not designed for or intended to resist large, lateral earth stresses.

It should be constructed to a maximum of 6 feet in overall height, including the excavation required for a stable foundation.

• Useful where space is limited and a more vertical structure is required.

• Provides immediate protection from erosion, while established vegetation provides long term stability.
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Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations Bioengineering Techniques Description Applications and effectiveness (7) Vegetated rock gabions (8) Vegetated rock wall (9) Joint planting rectangular containers Vegetated gabions begin as fabricated from a triple twisted, hexagonal mesh of heavily galvanized steel wire.
Empty gabions are placed in position, wired to adjoining gabions, filled with stones and then folded shut and wired at the ends and sides.

Live branches are placed on each consecutive layer between the rockfilled baskets.

These will take root inside the gabion baskets and in the soil behind the structures.

In time the roots consolidate the structure and bind it to the slope.

A vegetated rock wall is a combination of rock and live branch cuttings used to stabilize and protect the toe of steep slopes.
Vegetated rock walls differ from conventional retaining structures in that they are placed against relatively undisturbed earth and are not intended to resist large lateral earth pressures.

Joint planting or vegetated riprap involves tamping live cuttings of rootable plant material into soil between the joints or open spaces in rocks that have previously been placed on a slope.

Alternatively, the cuttings can be tamped into place at the same time that rock is being placed on the slope face.
• Should be tilted back or battered if the system is built on a smooth, evenly sloped surface.

• May also be constructed in a stair-step fashion, with each successive course of timbers set back 6 to 9 inches toward the slope face from the previously installed course.

• Appropriate at the base of a slope where a low wall may be required to stabilize the toe of the slope and reduce its steepness.

• Not designed for or intended to resist large, lateral earth stresses.
It should be constructed to a maximum of 5 feet in overall height, including the excavation required for a stable foundation.

• Useful where space is limited and a more vertical structure is required.

• Appropriate at the base of a slope where a low wall may be required to stabilize the toe of the slope and reduce its steepness.

• Useful where space is limited and natural rock is available.

• Used where rock riprap is required.

• Roots improve drainage by removing soil moisture.
Over time, they create a living root mat in the soil base upon which the rock has been placed.

The root systems of this mat help to bind or reinforce the soil and to prevent washout of fines between and below the rock units.

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Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations 4.3.


SOIL BIOENGINEERING MATERIALS (1) Locating and selecting plant materials for soil bioengineering systems (i) Commercial sources—Commercially grown plant materials are suitable sources; however, there will be limited availability in this context.

The Department of Forestry nursery will have some seedlings available.
(ii) Harvesting indigenous species—Correctly selected indigenous species harvested from existing stands of living woody vegetation are the preferred soil bioengineering materials.

Indigenous live materials require careful selection, harvesting, handling, and transporting.

They should result in plants that have deep and strong root systems, are relatively inexpensive, are usually effective, and can be installed quickly.
Live plant materials can be cut from existing native or naturalized stands approved by the Department of Forestry and found near the project site or within practical hauling distance.

Onsite plant material should be harvested with great care.

In some places a large area can be cut, but other sites require selective cutting.

Selected plant species should ideally propagate easily from cuttings.

Cuttings are normally 1/2 to 2 inches in diameter and range in length from 2 to 6 feet.
Chain saws, bush axes, loppers, and pruners are recommended for cutting living plant material, with appropriate safety precautions followed.

Cuts should be made at a blunt angle, 8 to 10 inches from the ground, so that source sites will remain healthy and regenerate rapidly.

The harvesting site should be left clean and tidy.

Remnant materials too large for use in soil bioengineering projects should be left in piles for wildlife cover.
(iii) Binding and storage—Live cuttings should be bundled together securely at the collection site for easy loading and handling and for protection during transport.

Side branches and brushy limbs should be kept intact.

(iv) Transporting—The bundles of live cuttings should be placed on the transport vehicles in an orderly fashion to prevent damage and facilitate handling.

They should be covered with a tarpaulin during transportation to prevent drying and additional stress.
(v) Handling—Live cuttings should arrive on the job site within 8 hours of harvest and should be installed immediately.

This is especially critical when ambient temperature is over 50°F.

Live cuttings not installed immediately should be promptly placed in controlled storage conditions and protected until they can be installed.
When in storage, the cuttings must receive continuous shade, be sheltered from the wind and continuously protected from drying by being heeled into moist soils or stored in uncontaminated water.

All live cuttings should be removed from storage and used within 2 days of harvest.

(2) Installing plant materials (i) Timing—Installation of live cuttings should begin concurrently with earth moving operations.

All construction operations should be phased together whenever possible.
The best time for installation of soil bioengineering systems is during the dormant season.

(ii) Planting medium—Soil bioengineering projects ideally use onsite stockpiled topsoil.

Gravel is not a suitable fill material around live plant materials.

Soil bioengineering systems need to be installed in a planting medium that includes fines and organic material and is capable of supporting plant growth.
Muddy soils that are otherwise suitable should not be used until they RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 17 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations have been dried to a workable moisture content.

Heavy clays should be mixed with organic soils to increase porosity.

Select soil backfill does not need to be organic topsoil, but it must be able to support plant growth.
All fill soil around the live vegetative cuttings should be compacted to densities approximating the surrounding natural soil densities.

The soil around plants should be free of voids.

(3) Quality control Maintaining quality control through installation and maintenance will ensure a successful soil bioengineering project.

The following guidelines are recommended: (i) Pre-construction • Select plant species suited to requirements.

• Locate and secure source sites for harvesting live cuttings.
• Define construction work area limits.

• Fence off sites requiring special protection.
• Complete and inspect the following preparations:  Layout  Excavation, systems excavation  Bench size, shape, angle  Preparation of site (clearing, grading, and shaping)  Disposal of excess gravel, soil, and debris  Depth of excavation  Vegetation to be removed/preserved  Stockpiling of suitable soil and/or rock (ii) Construction • Inspect each system component, at every stage, for the following:  Angle of placement and orientation of the live cuttings  Backfill material/rock and stone material  Preparation of trenches or benches in cut and fill slopes  Staking  Pruning  Stock handling and preparation  Soil compaction  Watering • Ensure proper maintenance during and after installation.
• Inspect daily for quality control.

 Check all cuttings; remove unacceptable material and use fresh stock for replacement installations.

 Continuously check all items in the preconstruction and construction inspection lists.

Inspect the plant materials storage area when it is in use.

 (4) Establishment period (i) Interim inspections—Inspections should be made after the soil bioengineering measures have been installed.
The following schedule is recommended: 18 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations • • Inspect biweekly for the first 2 months.

Inspections should note insect infestations, soil moisture, and other conditions that could lead to poor survivability.

Immediate action, such as the application of supplemental water, should be taken if conditions warrant.

Inspect monthly for the next 6 months.


Systems not in acceptable growing condition should be noted and, as soon as seasonal conditions permit, should be removed from the site and replaced with materials of the same species and sizes as originally specified.

• Needed reestablishment work should be performed every 6 months during the initial 2- year establishment period.

This will usually consist of replacing dead material.
• Extra inspections should always be made during periods of drought or heavy rains.

Damaged sections should always be repaired immediately.

(ii) Final inspection—A final inspection should be held 2 years after installation is completed.

Healthy growing conditions should exist.

• Healthy growing conditions in all areas refer to overall leaf development and rooted stems defined as provided in Table 4 below.

• Growth should be continuous with no open spaces greater than 2 feet in linear systems.
Spaces 2 feet or less will fill in without hampering the integrity of the installed living system.

Table.4.
Table.4.

Healthy growth levels after 2 years Bioengineering Techniques % growth observed after 2 years Live stake 70%-100% Live fascine Brushlayer 20%-50% 40%-70% Branchpacking 40%-70% Live gully repair 30%-50% Live cribwall 30%-60% Vegetated rock gabions 40%-60% Vegetated rock wall 50%-80% Joint planting 50%-70% (5) Maintaining the system After inspection and acceptance of the established system, maintenance requirements should be minor under normal conditions.
Maintenance generally consists of light pruning and removal of undesirable vegetation.

Heavy pruning may be required to reduce competition for RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 19 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations light or stimulate new growth in the project plantings.

Selective removal of vegetation may be required to eliminate undesirable invading species that should be cut out every 3 to 7 years.
More intensive maintenance will sometimes be required to repair problem areas created by high intensity storms or other unusual conditions.

Site washouts should be repaired immediately.


Generally, reestablishment should take place for a 1-year period following construction completion and consist of the following practices: • Replacement of branches in dead unrooted sections • Soil refilling, branchpacking, and compacting in rills and gullies • • Weed control Insect and disease control Gullies, rills, or damaged sections should be repaired through the use of healthy, live branch cuttings preferably installed during the dormant season.
The repair should use the branchpacking system for large breaks and the live gully repair system for breaks up to 2 feet wide and 2 feet deep.

If the dormant season has passed, the use of rooted stock may be considered.

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Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations 5.

VETIVER 5.1.

VETIVER APPLICATIONS Vetiver has become an important soil bioengineering tool.
Vetiver grows quickly, becomes established under hostile conditions, and its very deep and extensive root system provides structural strength in a relatively short period of time.

Thus, vetiver can be a suitable alternative to traditional vegetation if application techniques are carefully followed.
It is generally very useful in controlling erosion on both cut and fill batters and on other slopes associated with road construction, and is particularly effective in highly erodible and dispersible soils, such as sodic, alkaline, acidic and acid sulfate soils.

Its unique characteristics effectively control water disasters such as flood, coastal and riverbank erosion, dam and dike erosion, and general instability.
It also protects bridges, culvert abutments and interfaces between concrete/rock structures and soil.

Vetiver planting has been very effective in erosion control or stabilisation in the following conditions: • Slope stabilisation along highways and railways.

It is especially effective along mountainous rural roads where the community lacks sufficient funding for road slope stabilisation and where it often takes part in road construction.
Interface between cement and rock structures and erodible soil surfaces.

• Dike and dam batter stabilisation.

• Reduction of canal, riverbank and coastal erosion.

• Protection of hard structures (e.g.

rock riprap, concrete retaining walls, gabions, etc.).

• Slope above culvert inlets and outlets (culverts, abutments).

• • As a filter strip to trap sediment at culvert inlets.

• • To reduce energy at culvert outlets.


To stabilize gully head erosion, when vetiver hedges are planted on contour lines above gully heads.

To eliminate erosion caused by wave action, by planting a few rows of vetiver on the edge of the high water mark on big farm dam batters or river banks.

In forest plantations, to stabilize the shoulders of access roads on very steep slopes as well as the gullies that develop following harvests.
• • Anatomically vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides2) can be classified as a hydrophyte (an aquatic plant) because its roots possess aerenchyma- tissues with air passages that enable its roots to grow under water.

Instead of a root packed with an organized array of cells, roots with aerenchyma are spongy, with large holes formed by cells either pulling apart or disintegrating.

The holes run longitudinally through the roots.

They enable flooded roots to snorkel air from above-water plant parts.
This explains why vetiver can survive several months of submergence or waterlogged conditions.

On this Dominica east coast road project, there are multiple opportunities for its use.

Some of these are explored further below.

5.2.

SLOPE STABILITY There are 2 types of slips or mass movements, deep seated and shallow seated.

Shallow- seated slips of 1-1.5m depth comprise the majority, especially in regions with prolonged and 2 Zizanioides means by the riverside.
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Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations high rainfall.

They may occur despite a slope analysis that shows the slope to have an adequate overall factor of safety.

Conventional approaches have relied on the use of ‘hard’ or ‘inert’ material such as mortared riprap or shotcrete to seal off the slope to prevent water infiltration deemed to be the cause of the slippage.
These approaches are not always successful.

When planted closely in rows on the contours, vetiver can stabilize natural slopes, cut slopes and filled embankments.

Its deep, rigorous root system helps stabilize the slopes structurally while its shoots disperse surface run-off, reduce erosion, and trap sediments to facilitate the growth of native species.

Vetiver can grow on slopes steeper than 150% (~56º).
Under average soil and slope conditions, the installation of vetiver will increase slope stability by about 40%.

The cost of embankment stabilization with vetiver compared with conventional engineering methods can be reduced by 90%.

The cost of VET is only 1/8 of conventional stone- based engineering, while producing the same slope protection capability coupled with incomparable aesthetic or landscape value.

Vetiver may also be complemented with other species, to offer better aesthetics.
Vetiver’s unique attributes make it a very effective bioengineering tool: • Although technically a grass, vetiver plants used in land stabilisation applications behave more like fast-growing trees or shrubs.

Vetiver roots are, per unit area, stronger and deeper than tree roots.

The tensile strength of vetiver roots increases with the reduction in root diameter, implying that stronger, fine roots provide greater resistance than thicker roots.
The tensile strength of vetiver roots varies between 40-180 MPa in the range of root diameter between 0.2-2.2 mm (.008-.08”).

The mean design tensile strength is about 75 MPa at 0.7-0.8 mm (.03”) root diameter, which is the most common size of vetiver roots.

This is approximately 1/6th that of mild steel, and as strong as, or even stronger, than that of many hardwoods.
• When vetiver roots interact with the soil in which it is grown, a new composite material comprising roots with high tensile strength and adhesion embedded in a matrix of lower tensile strength is formed.

Vetiver roots reinforce a soil by transfer of shear stress in the soil matrix to tensile inclusions, enhancing the shear strength of the soil, and a shear strength increment of 39% at a depth of 0.5m (1.5 feet) has been measured.
When the dense and massive root networks act in unison, they resemble the behavior of soil nails normally used in civil engineering works.

and equivalent to approximately one sixth of mild steel.

Vetiver roots are as strong or even stronger than those of many hardwood species that have proven positive for slope reinforcement.

• Vetiver’s extensive and thick root system binds the soil which makes it very difficult to dislodge.
Vetiver’s extremely deep and massive finely structured root system can extend down to two to three meters (six to nine feet) in the first year.

On fill slopes, this grass can reach 3.6m (12 feet) in 12 months.

Because it is very fast growing (functional in just 4-6 months), it is better than many tree species which normally take 2-3 years to be effective.
• Vetiver roots can penetrate a compacted soil profile such as hardpan and blocky clay pan common in tropical soils, rocky layers with weak spots, soils mixed with stone or pebbles and asphalt layers, providing a good anchor for fill and topsoil.

With this innate power to penetrate, the action of vetiver roots is likened to ‘living soil nails’ or 2-3m (6- 9 feet) dowels commonly used in ‘hard approach’ slope stabilisation work.
Combined with its ability to become quickly established in difficult soil conditions, these 22 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations characteristics make vetiver more suitable for slope stabilisation than other plants.
One researcher planted vetiver using the Vetiver Eco-engineering Technique (VET) on a weathered shale and mudstone slope in an attempt to stabilize it, against the odds of hard substrate, high altitude (approx.

2000 m amsl), and relatively cold and drought climatic conditions.

The control slope collapsed after a severe rainstorm, while the vetiver-protected slope did not sustain any damage.
• When planted closely together, vetiver plants form dense hedges that reduce flow velocity, spread and divert runoff water, and create a very effective filter that controls erosion.

The hedges slow down and spread out the flow, allowing more time for water to infiltrate into the ground.

• Vetiver hedges are a very effective filter, helping reduce the turbidity of surface run- off.

New roots develop from nodes when buried by trapped sediment, so vetiver continues to rise with the ground level.
Terraces form at the face of the hedges, and this sediment should never be removed.

The fertile sediment typically contains seeds of local plants, which facilitates their re-establishment.

3 rows of Songkhla-3 ecotype vetiver on a 45-degree inner fish pond bank, with 30 cm spacing between rows, significantly reduced soil sediments and improved water quality.
• Vetiver tolerates extreme climatic and environmental variation, including prolonged drought, flooding and submergence, and temperature extremes ranging from -14ºC to 55ºC (7º F to 131ºF).

Note however, that vetiver does not penetrate deeply into the groundwater table, and at sites with a high groundwater level, its root system may not extend as long as in drier soil.
• Vetiver grass re-grows very quickly following drought, frost, salt and other adverse soil conditions when the adverse effects are removed.

• Vetiver displays a high level of tolerance to soil acidity, salinity, sodicity and acid sulfate conditions.

Vegetation cover on sloping lands increases water infiltration.

Concerns have been raised that the extra water will increase pore water pressure in the soil and lead to slope instability.

However, field observations actually show improvements: 1.
Planted on contour lines or modified patterns of lines that trap and spread runoff water on the slope, vetiver’s extensive root system and flow though effect distributes surplus water more evenly and gradually and helps prevent localized accumulation.

2.

The likely increase in infiltration is offset by a higher and gradual rate of soil water depletion by the grass.

Under low rainfall conditions in Australia, the depletion reduced soil moisture up to 1.5m (4.5’) from the hedges.
This increases water infiltration in that zone, leading to the reduction of runoff water and erosion rate.

From a geotechnical perspective, these conditions help maintain slope stability.

On steep (30-60º) slopes, the space between rows at 1m (3’) VI (Vertical Interval) is very close.

Therefore, moisture depletion would be greater and further improve the slope stabilisation process.
However, to reduce this potentially harmful effect of vetiver on steep slopes in very high rainfall areas, as a precautionary measure, vetiver hedges could be planted on a gradient of about 0.5% in graded contour terraces, to divert the extra water to stable drainage outlets.

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Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations 5.3.


WATER DISASTER MITIGATION To reduce the impact of water related events such as flood, river bank and coastal erosion, dam and dike instability, vetiver is planted in rows either parallel to or across the water flow or wave direction.

The following unique characteristics are very useful: • Because of its root depth and strength, mature vetiver is extremely resistant to washouts from high velocity flow.
Vetiver has withstood flow velocity higher than 3.5m/sec (10’/sec) in a river under flood conditions and up to 5m/sec (15’/sec) in a flooded drainage channel.

• Under shallow or low velocity flow, the erect and stiff stems of vetiver act as a barrier that reduces flow velocity (i.e.

increase hydraulic resistance) and traps eroded sediment.

It can maintain its erect stance in a flow as deep as 0.6-0.8m (24-31”).
Properly planned, these hedges are very effective structures that spread and divert runoff water to stable areas or proper drains for safe disposal.

• Vetiver leaves will bow under deep and high velocity flow, providing extra protection to surface soil while reducing flow velocity.
• When planted on water-retaining structures such as dams or dikes, vetiver hedgerows help reduce the flow velocity, decrease wave run-up (lap-erosion), over-topping, and ultimately the volume of water that flows into the area protected by these structures.

These hedgerows also help reduce retrogressive erosion that often occurs when the water flow or wave retreats.

• As a wetland plant, vetiver withstands prolonged submergence.
Research shows that vetiver can survive longer than two months under clear water.

5.4.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF VETIVER SYSTEMS CONVENTIONAL ENGINEERING MEASURES (VS) COMPARED TO Advantages: • The major advantage of VS is its low cost and longevity.

In China, for example, savings are in the order of 85-90% compared to conventional engineering.

In Australia, the cost advantage ranges from 64% to 72%, depending on the method used.
Its maximum cost is thus only 30% of the cost of traditional measures.

• Control and stabilize land with a ‘softer’ look than conventional rigid engineering measures such as concrete and rock structures.

• Long-term maintenance costs are low.

In contrast to conventional engineering structures, green technology improves as the vegetative cover matures.

VS requires a planned maintenance program in the first two years.

Once established, it is virtually maintenance-free.
• Vetiver is very effective in poor, highly erodible and dispersible soils.

• VS is particularly well suited to areas with low-cost labour forces.

• Vetiver hedges are a natural, soft bioengineering technique, an eco-friendly alternative to rigid or hard structures.

Disadvantages: • The main disadvantage of VS applications is vetiver’s intolerance to shading, particularly within the establishment phase.
Partial shading stunts its growth; significant shading can eliminate it in the long term by reducing its ability to compete with more shade-tolerant species.

However, this weakness could be desirable in situations where 24 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations • initial stabilisation requires a pioneer to improve the ability of the micro-environment to host the voluntary or planned introduction of native endemic species.

The Vetiver System is effective only when the plants are well established.

Effective planning requires an initial establishment period of about 2-3 months in warm weather.

This delay can be accommodated by planting early.

• Vetiver hedges are fully effective only when plants form closed hedgerows.
Gaps between clumps should be re-planted quickly.

It is difficult to plant and water vegetation on very high or steep slopes.

• • Vetiver requires protection from livestock during its establishment phase.

Based on these considerations, the advantages of using VS as a bioengineering tool outweigh its disadvantages, particularly when vetiver is used as a pioneer species.

5.5.
5.5.

OTHER USES OF VETIVER An innovative VET on the successful revegetation of a quarry face consisted of cement troughs filled with special nutrition liquid and water-preserving agent, installed on the quarried face, in which high-quality vetiver seedlings were grown along with other companion creepers and plants.

Previous trials using hydromulching yielded mostly temporary results that failed in only 3-4 years.
A very popular bioengineering method to control riverbank erosion in some parts of the world is the planting of bamboo.

Bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) is a naturalized species in Dominica that can be found growing across the island from low elevations up to 1,200m (3,937feet) altitude.

It is found on riverbanks, roadsides, wastelands, forest edges, secondary forest, and disturbed soil.

It grows best at lower altitudes.

B. vulgaris thrives under a wide range of moisture and soil conditions.
Along rivers it grows in almost permanently humid conditions.

Traditionally it has been used in Dominica to stabilize steep unstable slopes along road ways and to prevent soil erosion.

Bamboo on waterways has several disadvantages: • If bamboo clumps wash out in a flood, they have the capacity to destroy downstream bridges and other structures.

• Growing in clumps, bamboo which is shallow rooted does not close as a hedgerow.
Floodwater concentrates at the gaps between clumps, which increases its destructive power and causes more erosion.

• Bamboo is top heavy.

Its shallow (1-1.5 m deep) bunch root system does not balance the high, heavy canopy.

Clumps of bamboo therefore add stress to a river bank, without contributing to its stability.

• Frequently the bunch root system of bamboo destabilizes the soil beneath it, encouraging erosion and creating conditions for larger landslides.
There are examples of bank failure in Vietnam following installation of extensive bamboo strips.

Presently, use of vetiver for waterway protection is still in its infancy when compared to roadworks slope stabilization applications.
A study of vetiver for erosion control, slope stabilization and scour prevention on two rivers in China concluded that it had equivalent efficacy with better ecological impacts and much lower costs compared to conventional ‘hard/stone-based’ techniques prevalent elsewhere in the country.

At one dike location, apart from bank slope stabilization, vetiver managed to stay luxuriant although partly-submerged in river water.
Another author reported that vetiver remained intact when exposed to severe RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 25 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations flooding on the Yangzi River.

Another observed that vetiver planted on the Youjiang River Bank was working effectively after 1.5-2 months’ of growth and protected against scouring from flood velocities of 2.0 m/s.
Despite these findings, some designers query the hydraulic characteristics of vetiver hedges for riverbank stabilization or flood erosion control, in particular the Manning coefficient n. Experiments in the behavior of vetiver hedges in deep flow found that hedges planted in rows were in hydraulic resistance Class A (the highest) with resistance decreasing with increased hedge spacing and suitable for steep slopes/highly erosive flows.
Those planted in diamond-shaped pattern were in the Class B retardance category and suitable for slower flow rate/shallow slopes where sedimentation was high.

Vetiver hedgerows have been found to able to resist scouring of water flow of 0.028 m3/s.

Vetiver is effective both by itself and combined with other traditional methods.

For example, vetiver can be planted with bamboo on riverbanks.

Experience shows that adding vetiver can overcome the several drawbacks of using only bamboo.
As another example, rock or concrete riprap can reinforce the submerged part of a riverbank or dike, and vetiver can reinforce the upper part.

Uses of vetiver for coastal and shoreline protection are relatively rare, although there have been isolated cases.

To control coastal erosion, mangrove are often employed.

Mangrove trees, where they can grow, form a solid buffer that reduces wave power, which, in turn, reduces coastal erosion.

However, establishing mangrove is difficult and slow.
Typically, only a small percentage of area planted survives to become forest.

The reason for shying away from using vetiver in this brackish or saline environment could partly be attributed to the concerns for its salt tolerance limit and its ability to cope with wave or tidal surges.
In a series of glasshouse and field experiments, it was determined that soil salinity level higher than ECse= 8 dS/m would adversely affect vetiver growth, while soil ECse values of 10 and 20 dS/m would reduce yield by 10% and 50% respectively.

These indicate that vetiver compares favorably with some of the most salt tolerant crop and pasture species.
In other research it was reported that vetiver could tolerate NaCl at a level 15 times higher than that of normal plant.Vetiver was grown on acid sulfate soil and brackish water in Vietnam when irrigated after planting.

Vetiver has been shown to work on coastal protection in Senegal and Bangladesh, after mechanical protection methods for beach area and infrastructure (stairway, walkway and bungalows) were unsatisfactory.
Introduction of the vetiver-based bioengineering system (vetiver with a companion species Casuarina equisetifolia) was successfully planted to protect against beach erosion.

The designer suggested that vetiver be soaked first in ‘cow tea’ (a mixture of water and cow dung for 3-5 days and pig or cow manure be supplemented to the fertilizer application, during propagation phase, to obtain better slip establishment and later seedlings survival.
He cautioned that because of the harsh environment on dunes, beaches and anti- salt dikes, planting bare-root slips should be avoided as the survival rate is slow and the plants are slower to take hold.

5.6.

APPROPRIATE DESIGNS AND TECHNIQUES Precautions As a soil conservation technique and, more recently, a bioengineering tool, the effective application of VS requires an understanding of biology, soil science, hydraulics, hydrology, and geotechnical principles.
Vetiver has been very successfully employed when it is applied correctly.

Failures of VS can, in most cases, be attributed to bad applications rather than the grass itself or the recommended technology.

Vetiver has effectively protected road 26 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations embankments, but among mass applications on very high and steep slopes without benches, failures have resulted.
To ensure success, the following precautions should be taken: Technical precautions: The design should be developed and/or checked by trained people.

• • At least for the first few months while the plant is becoming established, the site should be internally stable against possible failure.

Vetiver manifests its full abilities when mature, and slopes may fail during the intervening period.

Vetiver begins to stabilize a slope at three to four months, at earliest.
• VS is applicable only to earthen slopes with gradients that should never exceed 45-50º.

• Vetiver grows poorly in the shade, so planting it directly under a bridge or other shelter should be avoided.

Precautions for decision-making, planning and organization: • Timing: planning should consider the seasons and the time it takes to grow planting materials.

Timing of planting is also very important if slope failure during the rainy season is to be avoided.
• Maintenance and repair: In the early stages, vetiver is not yet effective.

Planning and budgeting should anticipate some replacement in this period.

• Procurement: All inputs can and should be procured locally (labour, manure, planting materials, maintenance contracts).

Employment opportunities are an incentive for the local community to protect the plants during their infancy and adolescence, and to maintain the quality and sustainability of the works.
• Community involvement: As much as possible, local communities should be included in the design, materials procurement, and maintenance stages.

Contracts with local people should be drafted, governing nurseries, quality/ quantity specifications, and maintenance/protection.

Integration: Policy makers should acknowledge Vetiver System as a feasible approach to infrastructure protection, so that its application becomes more common and there is a tangible improvement in available relevant expertise.
• Planting time The installation of vetiver plants is critical to the success and the cost of the project.

Vetiver generally needs 3-4 months to become established (up to 5-6 months under adverse conditions).

Vetiver is fully effective at the age of 9-10 months.

Mass plantings should occur at the beginning of the rainy season.

Nursery development and production of plant material should be planned to meet that mass planting schedule.
Planting in the dry season will require extensive and expensive watering.

Growth is stunted in the absence of watering.

Mechanical watering daily may be appropriate for the first few months.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 27 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations Nursery The success of any project depends on good quality and sufficient numbers of vetiver slips.
Large nurseries generally are not required to provide sufficient plant material.

Individual farmer households can set up and supervise small nurseries (a few hundred square meters each), contracted and paid by the project according to the number of slips they can provide upon request.
Preparation for vetiver planting In cases where mass planting of vetiver involves the participation of local people, an effective planting campaign should include the following steps: Step 1 Experts visit the sites, conduct a survey to identify problems and design the application of the technology.

Step 2 Discuss the problems and alternative solutions with local people.

Step 3 Use workshops and training courses to introduce the new technology.
Step 4 Organize the trial implementation, by establishing nurseries, contracting to purchase plant material, maintenance, etc.

Step 5 Monitor the implementation and make corrections as required.

Step 6 Organize mass planting.

In cases where specialized companies undertake the mass planting, steps 1, 4, 5 are recommended.

However, local participation is still advisable to raise awareness, avoid vandalism, and ensure that the slips are protected from animals.
Layout specifications ‘Upland’ natural slope, cut slope, road batter, etc.

To stabilize upland natural slopes, cut slopes, and road batters, the following specifications may apply: • Bank slope should not exceed 1(H) [horizontal]:1(V) [vertical] or 45º, gradient of 1.5:1 is recommended.

Shallower gradients are recommended wherever possible, especially on erodible soils and/or in high rainfall areas.
• Vetiver should be planted across the slope on approximate contour lines with a Vertical Interval (VI) between 1.0-2.0m (3-6’) apart, measured down the slope.

VI spacing of 1.0m (3’) should be used on highly erodible soil, which can increase up to 1.5-2.0m (4.5- 6’) on more stable soil.

The first row should be planted on the top edge of the batter.

This row shall be planted on all batters that are taller than 1.5m (4.5’).
The bottom row should be planted at the bottom of the batter at the toe of the slope and on cut batter along the edge of table drain.

• • • Between these rows, vetiver should be planted as specified above.

• Benching or terracing 1-3 m (3-9’) in width for every 5-8 m (15-24’) VI is recommended for slopes that are taller than 10 m (30’).

28 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations Riverbanks, coastal erosion, and unstable water retaining structures For flood mitigation and coastal, riverbank and dike/embankment protection, the following layout specifications are recommended: • Maximum bank slope should not exceed 1.5(H):1(V).

Recommended bank slope is 2.5:1.


• Vetiver should be planted in two directions:  For bank stabilisation, vetiver should be planted in rows parallel to flow direction (horizontal), on approximate contour lines 0.8-1.0m (2.5-3’) apart (measured down slope).

 To reduce flow velocity, vetiver should be planted in rows normal (right angle) to the flow at spacing between rows of 2.0m (6’) for erodible soil and 4.0m (12’) for stable soil.
• The first horizontal row should be planted at the crest of the bank and the last row should be planted at the low water mark of the bank.

• Vetiver should be planted on the contour along the length of the bank between the top and bottom rows at the spacing specified above.

• Due to high water levels, bottom rows may establish more slowly than upper rows.

In such cases, the lower rows should be planted when the soil is driest.
Some VS applications protect anti-salinity dikes; in those cases, the water may become more saline at certain times of the year, which may affect the growth of vetiver.

Vetiver can be replaced by some local salt-tolerant varieties, including the mangrove fern.

• For all applications, VS can be used in combination with other traditional, structural measures such as rock or concrete riprap, and retaining walls.
For example, the lower part of the dike/embankment can be covered by the combination of rock riprap and geo-textile while the upper part is protected with vetiver hedgerows.

Planting specifications Dig trenches approximately 15-20cm (6-8”) deep and wide.

• Place well-rooted plants (with 2-3 tillers apiece) in the centre of each row at 100-120mm (4-5”) intervals for erodible soils, and at 150mm (6”) for normal soils.
• For relatively infertile soils on slopes, road batters and filled dikes/embankments, potted or tube stock is recommended for large scale mass planting and rapid establishment.

Adding some good soil-manure mixture (slurry) would be beneficial.

On river banks where the soil is usually fertile and moist, bare root planting is sufficient.

• Cover roots with 20-40mm (1-2”) of soil and compact firmly.

• Water within the day of planting.


Maintenance The Vetiver System requires maintenance in the first year for proper establishment.

Once established, it is virtually maintenance-free and lasts for decades.

Watering • In dry weather, water every day during the first two weeks after planting and then every second day.

• Water twice weekly until the plants are well established.

• Mature plants require no further watering.


RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 29 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations Replanting • During the first month after planting, replace all plants that fail to establish or wash away.

• Continue inspections until the plants are suitably established.

Weed control • Control weeds, especially vines, during the first year.

• DO NOT USE RoundUp (glyphosate) herbicide.


Vetiver is very sensitive to glyphosate, so it should not be used to control weeds between rows.

30 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations Fertilizing • On infertile soil, DAP or NPK fertilizer should be applied at the beginning of the second wet season.
Cutting and other uses • After five months, regular cutting (trimming) is very important, and will ensure continued growth and tillering of the grass, resulting in dense, effective hedgerows.

Hedgerows should be cut down to 15-20 cm (6-8”) above the ground.

This simple technique promotes the growth of new tillers from the base and reduces the volume of dry leaves that otherwise can overshadow young slips.

Trimming also improves the appearance of dry hedgerows and may minimize the danger of fire.
• Fresh cut leaves can also be used as cattle fodder, compost for farming, substrate for mushroom cultivation, for handicraft, and roof thatch.

Vetiver planted for the purpose of reducing natural disasters should not be overused for secondary purposes.

• Subsequent cuttings may be done two or three times a year.

The grass should have long leaves during the hurricane season.

Vetiver can be cut immediately after the hurricane season ends.
Another suitable cutting time would be approximately 3 months before the hurricane season begins.

• Vetiver improves the recovering of sites to native and volunteer plants.

Fruit trees and other multipurpose tree species can be planted between the vetiver buffers from the second or third year after full establishment of the vetiver.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 31 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations 6.


SITES SELECTED FOR BIOENGINEERING 6.1.

LOCATIONS The geotechnical engineer on the Typsa design team has identified a number of sites for bioengineering.

These are identified in Annex 1.

Detailed site information for a number of these field points is provided in the site files in Annex 2.

6.2.

BIOENGINEERING APPROACH The tables in Annex 1 also provide recommendations for bioengineering at these locations.
Of the bioengineering solutions identified, vetiver offers the greatest likelihood of success for steeper slopes, unless the water table is high.

Vetiver is also better suited for locations close to the road edge where trees are less suited (they may obstruct lines of sight or overhang the road causing an obstruction to high vehicles or shedding of leaves onto the roadway).
Where it is possible to use wildings or stakes, these are preferred over other methods due to their relative simplicity and therefore lower cost.

However, these will be most successful on flatter slopes where surface runoff will be less aggressive.

As slopes increase, brush layers are recommended, followed by live fascines, with the latter expected to be more challenging and costly to institute.
Toe stability issues will not be addressed using bioengineering, except at the one location where rock gabions are proposed.

This would benefit from greening.

Generally, the recommended approach is as follows: 1.

Where the toe of the slope is within 2.5m (8’) of the road, plant vetiver on the road edge in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

Vetiver should be planted in hedges more or less along the contours, at a spacing of ~1m (3’), with the lowest row between the slope toe and the drain.
Trees should not be planted this close to the road.

2.

On steep sections (slope exceeding 1:1), use vetiver along the contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

3.

On slopes between 1:1 and 2:1, use live fascines in accordance with guidance in Appendix 3 if trees are preferred to vetiver for aesthetics or for future community use.

Otherwise, use vetiver on these slopes.

4.

On slopes between 2:1 and 4:1, use brush layers in accordance with guidance in Appendix 3.

5.
5.

On slopes flatter than 4:1, use live stakes in accordance with guidance in Appendix 3, or wildings.

6.3.

RECOMMENDED SPECIES FOR PLANTING BY ROAD SEGMENT The use of vetiver is recommended at many locations, and nurseries will have to be established to supply the requirements.

Where trees are to be planted, it is best to use local and naturalized species of vegetation as these plant species are adapted to local growing conditions and are more likely to be resistant to local plant disease.
They may be more readily available and are likely to be a lower cost option.

It can also be useful to choose species that can be utilized for fuelwood, fodder, essential oils, ornamentals and other domestic purposes, thereby increasing the benefits to local people and their acceptance and protection of slope stabilization and erosion control measures.

32 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations Road Segment 1: Pont Casse – Bois Diable Road Segment 1 navigates along the buffer zone of the Morne Trois Pitons National Park, for the greater percentage of its length, with its final section traversing the northeastern corner of the national park.

As a result, slope stabilization and revegetation (bioengineering) methods must consider the protected area’s World Heritage Site status and the sensitivity of its adjacent buffer zone.
Therefore, plant species typically found in the lower montane rainforest must be utilized, as far as possible, in revegetation of destabilized slopes.

The use of exotic plant species should be avoided to preserve the natural integrity of the protected area and its buffer zone.
Indigenous plant species recommended for revegetation/stabilization of cut slopes and road embankments along Road Segment 1, include but are not limited to, the following mixture of trees and shrubs from the lower montane rain forest, viz., Bwa Riviere (Chimarris cymosa), Pain D’épice (Pouteria multiflora) Maho Kochon (Sterculia caribaea), Bwa Pen (Talauma dodecapetala), Tree Fern (Cyathea arborea), Cré Cré (Miconia spp.

), and Balizier (Heliconia caribaea / Heliconia bihai).
Road Segment 2: Bois Diable to Castle Bruce Bio-engineering/slope stabilization along Road Segment 2, requires the use of both native and exotic species.

Suggested plant species include a combination of rainforest species, introduced exotics and naturalized grasses.

Indigenous plant species recommended for revegetation/stabilization of cut slopes and road embankments along Road Segment 2, are similar to the species suggested for Road Segment 1.
These include trees and shrubs from the lower montane rain forest viz., Bwa Riviere (Chimarris cymosea), Pain D’épice (Pouteria multiflora) Maho Kochon (Sterculia caribaea), Bwa Pen (Talauma dodecapetala), Crabwood (Carapa guianensis), Tree Fern (Cyathea arborea), Cré Cré (Miconia spp.

), Balizier (Heliconia caribaea).

Introduced exotic tree species include: Mahoghany (Swietenia spp.
), Blue Maho (Hibiscus elatus); naturalized grasses: Common Bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) and Vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides).

Road Segment 3: Castle Bruce to Petite Soufriere The vegetation along Road Segment 3 is considered secondary forest.

It includes both littoral woodland and lower montane rainforest.

The vegetation is highly degraded due to human interference (farming/logging) and tropical weather systems.
Also, the relatively steep slopes above and below the road are very susceptible to landslides and land slippages.

Plant species recommended for revegetating and stabilizing these very unstable slopes and road embankments include native and exotic tree species, herbaceous plants, naturalized grasses, and agroforestry tree species.
Recommended plants include: native species - Pain D’épice (Pouteria multiflora) Maho Kochon (Sterculia caribaea), Bwa Pen (Talauma dodecapetala), Tree Fern (Cyathea arborea), Crabwood (Carapa guianensis), White Cedar (Tabebuia pallida), Bwa Riviere (Chimarris cymosa) ; exotics - Mahogany (Swietenia spp.
), Flamboyant (Poinciana regia), and Moringa (Moringa oleifera); naturalized grasses - Common Bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) and Vetiver Grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides); herbaceous plants - Balizier (Heliconia caribaea) and agroforestry tree species - West Indian Bay Tree (Pimenta racemosa) and Cinnamon (Cinnamomum sp).

It should be noted that the West Indian Bay trees and Cinnamon trees are commonly grown and harvested sustainably on relatively steep slopes along Segment 3.
RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 33 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations Road Segment 4: Castle Bruce to Hatton Garden Secondary forest vegetation is predominant along the greater length of Segment 4, while several areas of the road reserve within the villages and hamlets are landscaped with ornamental species mainly Croton (Codiaeum spp.
), and Cordyline (Cordyline fruiticosa) interspersed with Christmas Palms (Adonidia merrillii).

Plant species suggested for revegetating unstable slopes, road cuts and benched embankments along Road Segment 4, comprise of viz., native and exotic tree species, naturalized grasses, fruit trees and agroforestry tree species.
Recommended planting material include: native tree species - Pain D’épice (Pouteria multiflora) Maho Kochon (Sterculia caribaea), Bwa Pen (Talauma dodecapetala), Tree Fern (Cyathea arborea), Crabwood (Carapa guianensis), White Cedar (Tabebuia pallida), Bwa Riviere (Chimarris cymosa); exotics - Mahogany (Swietenia spp.
), Blue Maho (Hibiscus elatus), Flamboyant (Delonix regia), Moringa (Moringa oleifera); naturalized grasses - Common Bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) and Vetiver Grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides); herbaceous plants - Balizier (Heliconia caribaea) and agroforestry tree species – West Indian Bay Tree (Pimenta racemosa) and Cinnamon (Cinnamomum sp).

Landscaped areas along the road reserve within communities should be replanted with similar ornamental species namely: Croton (Codiaeum spp.
), Cordyline (Cordyline fruiticosa), and Christmas Palms (Adonidia merrillii).

6.4.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SPECIES IDENTIFICATION AND PROPAGATION Use of local and naturalized species to the extent possible is recommended.

However, local and naturalized species are not always readily available and the planting material may have to be supplemented with nursery grown exotic species.

Nursery grown Mahogany seedings could be supplied by the Forestry Division’s Plant Nursery located at Pont Casse.
Seedlings are available at a base price of EC$5.00.

Local plant species could also be obtained as wildings on the forest floor and transplanted directly onto destabilized road embankments and benched slopes.

Wildings may also be sourced and transferred to the nearby Forestry Division’s plant nursery for potting and hardening in preparation for the revegetation phase.

Trees should be planted at least 2.4 meters (8 feet) away from the road edge.
Planting material (wildings and cuttings) obtained from State forests should be sourced under the guidance of the Forestry Division.

Forestry Department staff should be exposed to training by a bioengineering expert in advance of project implementation.

An agreement could be entered into between the Project Management and the Forestry Division for the production and supply of planting material (including vetiver) for bio-engineering and slope stabilization works on the East Coast Road Project.
It would be advisable to also undertake the implementation of the bioengineering programme through the Forestry Division.

This would build local capacity for implementation and maintenance of this and similar projects in the future.

All of the costs associated with this aspect of the works should be included under the project.

See Annex 4 for further recommendations in this regard.

34 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations 7.

GLOSSARY Batter The angle of the front face of a retaining structure with respect to a vertical plane.

Bench A horizontal surface or step in a slope.

Buttressing Lateral restraint provided by earth or rock masses and embedded structural columns, such as piles and well-rooted tree trunks.

Brushlayer Live branch cuttings laid in crisscross fashion on benches between successive lifts of soil.
Concrete cribwall A hollow, structural wall formed out of perpendicular and interlocking concrete beams.

Cut face The open, steep face of an excavated slope.

Cutting A branch or stem pruned from a living plant.

Crib structure A hollow structure constructed of mutually perpendicular, interlocking beams or elements.

Dead stout stake A 2 by 4 timber that has been cut into a specific shape and length.

Face planting Planting live cuttings and other vegetation in the frontal openings of retaining structures.
Gabion A wire mesh basket filled with rock that can be used in multiples as a structural unit.

Grade stabilization The maintenance of a gentle, noneroding gradient on a watercourse or land surface.

This is usually accomplished by means of structural measures or by regrading (lengthening) the slope.

Gravity retaining walls Retaining structures that resist lateral earth forces and overturning primarily by their weight.
Grid wall A lattice or grid-like array of timbers that are fastened or anchored to a slope.

The grid spaces are filled with topsoil and then seeded or planted.

Joint planting The insertion of live branch cuttings between openings or interstices of rocks, blocks, or other inert armor units and into the natural ground.

Lateral earth pressure The horizontal pressure exerted by soil against a retaining structure.
Live cribwall A hollow, structural wall formed out of mutually perpendicular and interlocking members, usually timber, in which live cuttings are inserted through the front face of the wall into the crib fill and/or natural soil behind the wall.

Live branch cuttings Living, freshly cut branches of woody shrub and tree species that propagate from cuttings embedded in the soil.
Live fascines Bound, elongated sausage-like bundles of live cut branches that are placed in shallow trenches, partly covered with soil, and staked in place to arrest erosion and shallow mass wasting.

Live stake Cuttings from living branches that are tamped or inserted into the earth.

The stakes eventually root and leaf out.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 35 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations Mass movement The movement of large, relatively intact masses of earth and/or rock along a well defined shearing surface as a result of gravity and seepage.

Mass wasting See “Mass movement.” Reinforced earth Strengthening of a soil fill by utilizing tensile inclusions, such as metal strips, woody fibers, wire mesh, or fabric.
Shallow mass movement Near-surface sliding or movement of earth and/or rock masses usually along planar failure surfaces parallel to the slope face.

Slope flattening Reduction in slope angle by excavation and regrading in order to achieve a more stable slope.

Soil arching Restraint of soil movement through an opening or gap as a result of transfer of shear stress from the deforming (or moving) soil mass to adjacent stationary (nonyielding) portions of the soil.
Soil bioengineering Use of live, woody vegetative cuttings to repair slope failures and increase slope stability.

The cuttings serve as primary structural components, drains, and barriers to earth movement.

Steel bin wall Hollow wall sections constructed of steel that are bolted together and filled with rock or gravel to serve as a gravity retaining wall.
Stepped-back reinforced wall A reinforced earth retaining wall in which successively higher portions of the wall are set back from the front in stepped fashion.

Surface armoring Placement of an armor layer, composed of rock, brush matting, gabion mattresses, stabilized earth, etc., on the ground surface.

Tiered retaining wall structures Retaining structures in which successively higher portions of the structure are set back from the front in stepped fashion.
Crib, gabion, and reinforced earth walls can be erected in this fashion.

Toe wall A low, structural wall erected at the toe or base of a slope to provide support and protect against undermining.

Undermining The removal of lateral support at the base of a slope by scour, piping erosion, or excavation.

Vegetative cuttings Live, cut stems and branches of plants that will root when embedded or inserted in the ground.
Vegetated earth buttress An earthen mass placed against the base or toe of the slope to improve stability.

Vegetation can be planted on the face of the buttress or introduced into the buttress in the form of brushlayers.

Vegetative measures The use of live cuttings, seeding, sodding, and transplanting in order to establish vegetation for erosion control and slope protection work.

Vegetated rock gabions See "Vegetated structures."

Vegetated rock walls See "Vegetated structures."


Vegetated structures A retaining structure in which living plant materials, cuttings, or transplants have been integrated into the structure.

36 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations Vegetated structural revetments Porous revetments, e.g., a gabion mattress or riprap, into which live plants or cuttings can be placed or inserted.
RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 37 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations 8.

REFERENCES Diti Hengchaovanich, date unknown.

Vetiver System for Slope Stabilization.

APT Consult Co., Ltd, Bangkok, Thailand.

Georgi, N.J., Stathakopoulos, J.E., date unknown, Bioengineering techniques for soil erosion protection and slope stabilization.

Government of Hong Kong, 2008.

Information Note 11/2008.


Soil Bioengineering Measures for the Natural Terrain Slopes.

in Oku, E. Use of Vetiver as Soil Bioengineering Structure for Stabilization of Landslides-scarred from: areas https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283046031_Use_of_Vetiver_as_Soil_Bioengineering _Structure_for_Stabilization_of_Landslides-scarred_areas_in_the_Cameroon_A_Pilot_Project [accessed Oct 13 2018].

Cameroon: Available Project.

Pilot the A Popescu, O. and Untaru, E, date unknown.
Consolidation of road slopes by means of forest vegetation.

Research Institute for Forest Management, Bucharest, Romania.

Rossow, M. 1992.

Soil Bioengineering for Slope Stabilization.

Field Handbook Chapter 18: Soil Bioengineering for Upland Slope Protection and Erosion Reduction.

United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service Engineering.

Truong, P., Tran Tan Van, and Pinners, E., 2008.

Vetiver Systems Application - A Technical Reference.
Vetiver for infrastructure protection.

38 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations 9.

ANNEX 1.

LOCATIONS IDENTIFIED FOR BIOENGINEERING The following information is provided by the geotechnical experts on the Typsa consulting for Segments 2, 3 and 4.

Locations where bioengineering (among other team, recommendations) is required are identified.
There is no bioengineering work required in Segment 1.
Key to following tables: Treatment Measures to be performed CB0 CB1 Clearance and continuous maintenance (on demand) during the road life (in the future) Clearance and bioengineering operations to conduct within the road upgrading tasks (now) Light treatment including debris clearance and fallen branches and trunks clearance Hydroseeding or planting for the fresh scarps and scars Reprofiling W Walls Cantilever walls Rock walls Gabion baskets walls BCR Bridges and culverts reconstruction or refurbishment Clearance and foundation reconstruction Intake or outfalls refurbishment or reconstruction New culvert Cut back with benching 2H:3V and berms.
Bioengineering treatment included Cut back with benching 1H:1V and berms.

Bioengineering treatment included Cut back with benching 3H:2V and berms.

Bioengineering treatment included Cut back 1H:2V.
Bioengineering treatment included Cut rock slope (1H:3V) and steel mesh, clearance of blocks and reprofiling 1m 1H:1V at the top Road box‐out 1 m deep Deep drainage along the platform 1,5 m deep (at least) Horizontal drains on the slope Downdrains on the cut slope Debris flow channel clearance and sediment traps NC C23 C11 C32 C12 C13 BO PDD SHD SDD DFT RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 39 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations Segment 2: PRE-ENGINEERING DESIGN WORKS FOR EASTERN ROADS IN DOMINICA GEOTECHNICAL GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ALIGNMENT, BRIDGES, DRAINAGE AND BIOENGINEERING MEASURES INDIVIDUAL ASSSESSMENT.

DETAILED ENGINEERING Treatment Segment Stretch Field point Guidelines recommendations and Recommended bioengineering CB1+SHD 2 5+380- 5+400 19 CB1+SHD 2 5+680 20 CB1+C11 2 6+460 CB1+C23 2 6+600 CB1+C11 2 6+940 The alignment does not affect the slide.
Clearance and bioengineering The alignment does not affect the slide.

Clearance and bioengineering EX: Embankments Conventional EX: Embankments Conventional EX: Embankments Conventional 1: 1: 1: CB1+PDD 2 8+140- 8+300 23 Deep drain along the left side of the platform Both sides: Side slope is steep and close to the road.

Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

Both sides Slope is ~1:1.

Use live fascine in accordance with guidance in Appendix 3.
LHS Side slope is steep and close to the road.

Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

RHS: Side slope is steep and close to the road.

Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

LHS: Side slope is low but close to the road.

Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.
Both sides: 8+140 – 8+160, Use vetiver along contours at 3’ accordance with guidance in Section 5.6. intervals, in 40 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 L (m) W (m) 20 3 No.

of vetiver slips required 708 20 3 708 10 5 561 15 6 969 70 3 2424 160 3 5515 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations CB1+PDD 2 9+420- 9+540 27 Deep drain along the right side.
Likely clearance area and hydroseeding in the fresh scarp CB1+C23 1CBO 2 2 9+940- 10+700 EX: Embankments Conventional 1: 10+780 Local falls to be cleared CB1+C23 2 11+200 - 11+420 CB1+C23 2 11+700 EX: Embankments Conventional EX: Embankments Conventional 1: 1: intervals, LHS: 9+400 – 9+420 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.
LHS: 9+940-10+020, 10+120, 10+320-10+340, 10+440, 10+520, 10+560-10+580, 10+700, Use vetiver along contours at 3’ accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

RHS 10+140 10+200-10+260, Use vetiver along contours at 3’ accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

LHS intervals, intervals, LHS 11+200, 11+280, 11+360-11+420, Use vetiver along contours at 3’ accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

LHS Use vetiver along contours at 3’ accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.
TOTAL intervals, intervals, in in in in in 100 3 3454 760 3 26116 20 5 1089 220 3 7575 30 4 1334 50453 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 41 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations Segment 3: PRE-ENGINEERING DESIGN WORKS FOR EASTERN ROADS IN DOMINICA GEOTECHNICAL GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ALIGNMENT, BRIDGES, DRAINAGE AND BIOENGINEERING MEASURES INDIVIDUAL ASSSESSMENT.
DETAILED ENGINEERING Recommended bioengineering Treatment Segment Stretch Field point CB1+PDD 3 0+810- 1+000 35 CB1+PDD 3 1+000- 1+060 35/36 CB1+C23+ PDD 3 CB1+PDD 3 1+060- 1+090 1+090- 1+120 36 36 CB1+C23+ PDD 3 1+120- 1+170 36 and Guidelines recommendations Clearance and bioengineering measures.

Deep drain along the toe, left side Clearance and bioengineering measures.

Deep drain along the toe.

Right side Clearance and bioengineering measures.


Deep drain along the toe, right side Clearance and bioengineering measures.

Deep drain along the toe Clearance and bioengineering measures.

Deep drain along the toe, right side LHS: After Calixte Bridge to hair pin bend.

Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

RHS: Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.


RHS: Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

RHS: Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

L (m) 190 60 30 30 50 W (m) of No.

vetiver slips required 4 4 3 4 4 8265 2610 1044 1305 2175 42 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations 1+170- 1+380 1+550- 1+610 1+650- 1+690 1+760- 1+790 1+990- 2+030 2+180 2+440- 2+760 2+760- 2+820 37 39/40 40 2+820- 2+900 41 2+900- 3+180 3+280- 3+310 3+310- 3+410 41 42 43 Clearance and bioengineering measures.

Deep drain along the toe, right side Clearance and bioengineering measures.

Clearance and bioengineering measures.

Clearance and bioengineering measures.

Clearance and bioengineering measures.

Clearance and bioengineering measures.


Deep drain along the toe.

Right side Clearance and bioengineering measures.

Clearance and bioengineering measures.

Deep drain along the toe.

Right side Clearance and bioengineering measures.

Deep drain along the toe.

Right side Clearance and bioengineering measures.

Clearance and bioengineering measures.

Deep drain along the toe, RHS: Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.


Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.
RHS: Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

RHS: Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

RHS: Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.
RHS: Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

CB1+C23+ PDD CB1+C23 CB1+C23 CB1+C23 CB1+C23 CB1+C23 CB1+PDD CB1+C23 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 CB1+PDD 3 CB1+PDD CB1+C23 3 3 CB1+C23+ PDD+SDD 3 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations right side.

Big landslide right side.

C23 only left side.

Downdrains Clearance and bioengineering measures.

Deep drain along the toe, right side.

Downdrains Clearance and bioengineering measures.

Rocks fall Clearance and bioengineering measures.

Deep drain along the toe, right side Clearance and bioengineering measures.

Deep drain along the toe, right side.

Houses Clearance and bioengineering measures.

Deep drain along the toe, right side.


Houses Clearance and bioengineering measures.

Deep drain along the toe, right side Clearance and bioengineering measures.

Rocks fall 3+410- 3+580 3+660- 3+760 44 45 3+760- 3+820 45 4+120- 4+560 4+560- 4+600 4+600- 4+640 4+690- 4+760 4+800- 4+860 48 Clearance and bioengineering measures.

RHS: Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.
RHS: Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

RHS: Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

RHS: Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

RHS: Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.
RHS: Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 CB1+C23+ PDD+SDD CB1 CB1+C23+ PDD CB1+C23+ PDD CB1+C23+ PDD CB1+C23+ PDD CB1 CB1+C23+ PDD 44 170 100 60 440 40 40 70 60 5 5 4 3 3 4 4 4 8874 5220 2610 15312 1392 1740 3045 2610 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations CB1+C23+ SHD CB1+C23+ PDD 3 3 4+860- 4+960 48 4+960- 5+100 49 CB1+PDD 3 CB1+C23+ PDD CB1+PDD CB1+C11 3 3 3 CB1+C11+ PDD 3 CB1+PDD 3 5+100- 5+200 5+220 5+220- 5+320 5+510- 5+570 6+320- 6+440 6+520- 6+620 50 54 Deep drain along the toe, right side Clearance and bioengineering measures.

Horizontal drains, right side Clearance and bioengineering measures.

Deep drain along the toe, right side Clearance and bioengineering measures.

Deep drain along the toe.


Right side Clearance and bioengineering measures.

Deep drain along the toe, right side Clearance and bioengineering measures.

Deep drain along the toe.

Right side Clearance and bioengineering measures.

Left side: Clearance and bioengineering measures.

Deep drain along the toe Right side: Slope 1:1.

Made ground.

Clearance and bioengineering measures.

Deep drain along the toe.


Left side RHS: Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

RHS: Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

RHS: Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

RHS: Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

RHS: Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.
Live fascines and vetiver on steeper slopes LHS: Live fascines and vetiver on steeper slopes LHS: Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 45 100 140 100 0 100 60 120 100 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 4 4350 6090 3480 870 4350 2088 4176 4350 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations CB1+C23+ PDD 3 CB1+PDD 3 CB1 CB1 3 3 6+680- 6+720 7+160- 7+360 7+660- 7+900 8+160- 8+260 55 56 57 Clearance and bioengineering measures.

Deep drain along the toe, left side Clearance and bioengineering measures.

Deep drain along the toe.

Left side Clearance and bioengineering measures.

Left side Clearance and bioengineering measures.

Right side LHS: Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.


Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

RHS: Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

TOTAL 40 200 240 100 4 5 4 4 1740 10440 10440 4350 171129 46 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations Segment 4: Treatment Segment Stretch Field point Guidelines and recommendations CB1+PDD +C11 4 15+320 - 15+580 62 Clearance and bioengineering measures.

Deep drain along the toe.

EX: Conventional 1: Embankments L (m) W (m) 260 3 No.

of vetiver slips required 8948 Recommended bioengineering LHS 15+320-15+360 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.
15+360-15+400 Plant 2 – 3 rows of vetiver hedges along contours within 8’ of road edge, at ~3’ intervals, with lowest row between slope toe and drain.

On slope above, use live fascines if trees are preferred to vetiver for aesthetics or community use.

Otherwise, continue with vetiver rows.

15+400-15+480 Plant 2 – 3 rows of vetiver hedges along contours within 8’ of road edge, at ~3’ intervals, with lowest row between slope toe and drain.

On slope above, use brush layers.


15+480-15+560 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals.

RHS 15+380 – 14+400 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

15+400-15+500 Plant rows of vetiver hedges along contours within 8’ of road edge, at ~3’ intervals, with lowest row between slope toe and drain.
15+500-15+560 Plant 2 – 3 rows of vetiver hedges along contours within 8’ of road edge, at ~3’ intervals, with lowest RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 47 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations CB1+PDD 4 CB1 4 15+620 - 15+700 15+760 - 15+840 63 64 Clearance on demand on the left side.
The alignment does not affect the natural slope Clearance of the toe and bioengineering measures CB1+PDD 4 15+880 - 16+240 Clearance and bioengineering measures.

Deep drain along the toe 65 80 3 2768 80 3 2768 360 3 12382 row between slope toe and drain.

Continue above with live fascines if trees are preferred at this location.

Otherwise, continue with vetiver.

LHS 15+620-15+700 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.
RHS 15+620-15+660 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

LHS 15+760-15+880 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

LHS 15+880-15+920, 15+960--16+000 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

16+020 Plant rows of vetiver hedges along contours from road edge, at ~3’ intervals, with lowest row between slope toe and drain.
On the slope change above, use live fascines if trees are preferred to vetiver for aesthetics or community use.

Otherwise, continue with vetiver rows.

10+040-16+200 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

16+220 Plant rows of vetiver hedges along contours from road edge, at ~3’ intervals, with lowest row between 48 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations CB1+PDD 4 CB1+PDD 4 16+680 - 16+780 17+020 - 17+100 66 67 CB1+C23 4 18+120 Clearance and bioengineering measures.

Deep drain along the toe Clearance and bioengineering measures.

Deep drain along the toe Clearance and bioengineering measures.

EX: Conventional 1: Embankments 18+760 - 19+020 CB1+C23 4 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 Clearance and bioengineering measures.

EX: Conventional 1: Embankments 100 3 3454 80 3 2768 20 5 1089 260 3 8948 slope toe and drain.
On the slope change above, use live stakes or wildings.

RHS 15+940 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

If trees are preferred, use 3 rows of vetiver followed by brush layers above.

LHS 16+680-16+780 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

LHS 17+020-17+100 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.
LHS Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

LHS 18+760 Plant rows of vetiver hedges along contours from road edge, at ~3’ intervals, with lowest row between slope toe and drain.

On the slope change above, use live stakes or wildings.

18+780-18+820 Plant rows of vetiver hedges along contours from road edge, at ~3’ intervals, with lowest row between slope toe and drain.

On the slope change above, use brush layer.


18+840 Plant 2 – 3 rows of vetiver hedges along contours within 8’ of road edge, at ~3’ intervals, with lowest 49 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations row between slope toe and drain.

Continue above with live fascines.

18+900-18+980 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.
19+000-19+020 Plant rows of vetiver hedges along contours from road edge, at ~3’ intervals, with lowest row between slope toe and drain.

On the slope change above, use live fascines.

LHS 19+070-19+080, 19+160 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

19+180-19+400 Plant 2 – 3 rows of vetiver hedges along contours within 8’ of road edge, at ~3’ intervals, with lowest row between slope toe and drain.

Continue above with live fascines.


RHS 19+080-19+160 Plant rows of vetiver hedges along contours from road edge, at ~3’ intervals, with lowest row between slope toe and drain.

On the slope change above, use live stakes or wildings on the gentle slope at 19+080.

On the downslope, continue with vetiver.

On all re-profiled sections: Plant vetiver between the toe of the slope and the curb and slipper drain.

Plant live stakes or wildings on the benches.

Plant live fascines on the 3:2 slopes.


Otherwise: 330 3 11352 600 3 20622 CB1 4 19+070 - 19+400 Clearance of the toe and bioengineering measures 70 CB1+PDD +C32 4 20+940 - 21+540 74 Clearance and reprofiling 3H:2V and bioengineering.

Deep drain at the toe on the left.

50 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations LHS 20+960-20+980 Plant 2 – 3 rows of vetiver hedges along contours within 8’ of road edge, at ~3’ intervals, with lowest row between slope toe and drain.

Continue above with brush layers.

21+000-21+120 Plant 2 – 3 rows of vetiver hedges along contours within 8’ of road edge, at ~3’ intervals, with lowest row between slope toe and drain.

Continue above with live fascine.


21+140-21+300 Plant 2 – 3 rows of vetiver hedges along contours within 8’ of road edge, at ~3’ intervals, with lowest row between slope toe and drain.

Continue above with brush layers.

In isolated flatter areas, use live stakes or wildings.

21+320-21+360 Plant 2 – 3 rows of vetiver hedges along contours within 8’ of road edge, at ~3’ intervals, with lowest row between slope toe and drain.

Continue above with live fascine.


21+380-21+480 Plant 2 – 3 rows of vetiver hedges along contours within 8’ of road edge, at ~3’ intervals, with lowest row between slope toe and drain.

Continue above with brush layers.

RHS 21+020-21+120, 21+480-21+540 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 51 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations CB1+PDD +C32 4 21+570 - 21+840 75 Clearance and reprofiling 3H:2V and bioengineering.

Deep drain at the toe on the left.

CB1+PDD 4 21+980 - 22+200 Clearance and bioengineering measures.

Deep drain along the toe 76 270 3 9292 220 3 7575 On all re-profiled sections (LHS): Plant vetiver between the toe of the slope and the curb and slipper drain.

Plant live stakes or wildings on the benches.

Plant live fascines on the 3:2 slopes.


RHS 21+570-21+600 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

LHS 22+000-22+080 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

22+100 Plant 2 – 3 rows of vetiver hedges along contours within 8’ of road edge, at ~3’ intervals, with lowest row between slope toe and drain.

Continue above with brush layers.


22+120 Plant rows of vetiver hedges along contours from road edge, at ~3’ intervals, with lowest row between slope toe and drain.

On the slope change above, use live fascine.

22+140 Plant rows of vetiver hedges along contours from road edge, at ~3’ intervals, with lowest row between slope toe and drain.

On the slope change above, use brush layer.

22+160-22+200 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.
RHS 22+140-22+220 52 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations CB1+C23 4 CB1+C23 4 23+180 - 23+200 23+360 - 23+380 CB1+C23 4 23+520 Clearance and bioengineering measures.

EX: Conventional 1: Embankments Clearance and bioengineering measures.

EX: Conventional 1: Embankments Clearance and bioengineering measures.
EX: Conventional 1: Embankments CB1+C23 4 CBO CBO+SDD CB1+PDD +SDD+BO 4 23+680 - 23+840 24+100 24+440 24+560 - 24+630 80 Clearance and bioengineering measures.

EX: Conventional 1: Embankments Clearance on demand Clearance and bioengineering measures.

EX: Conventional 1: Embankments The instability on the left affects the platform.

A box- out is recommendable (1 m) Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.
LHS Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

LHS Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

LHS Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

LHS Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

Where there is a change of slope (at +820 to +840), install live fascines.
23+680-23+840 RHS 23+740 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

LHS LHS 20 3 708 20 3 708 40 4 1770 160 3 5515 60 60 2 3 1520 2081 LHS Plant 2 – 3 rows of vetiver hedges along contours within 8’ of road edge, at ~3’ intervals, with lowest 60 3 2081 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 53 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations CBO 24+880 Clearance on demand 24+930 - 24+960 25+180 - 25+200 25+940 - 25+960 26+440 - 26+560 CB1 4 CB1+C23 4 CB1+C23 4 CB1+C23 4 54 Clearance and bioengineering 82 Clearance and bioengineering measures.

EX: Conventional 1: Embankments Clearance and bioengineering measures.

EX: Conventional 1: Embankments Clearance and bioengineering measures.

EX: Conventional 1: Embankments row between slope toe and drain.

Continue above with live fascine.


RHS 24+580-24+630 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

LHS LHS Plant 2 – 3 rows of vetiver hedges along contours within 8’ of road edge, at ~3’ intervals, with lowest row between slope toe and drain.

Continue above with brush layer.

Use wildings or live stakes in flatter sections.

LHS Plant 2 – 3 rows of vetiver hedges along contours within 8’ of road edge, at ~3’ intervals, with lowest row between slope toe and drain.
Continue above with live fascine.

LHS Plant 2 – 3 rows of vetiver hedges along contours within 8’ of road edge, at ~3’ intervals, with lowest row between slope toe and drain.

Continue above with live fascine.

RHS 25+960 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

LHS 26+440-26+460, 26+500-26+560 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.
RHS RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 60 30 2 3 1520 1051 20 3 708 20 3 708 120 3 4141 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations CB1+C23 4 27+020 - 27+160 CB1+C23 4 27+360 Clearance and bioengineering measures.

EX: Conventional 1: Embankments Clearance and bioengineering measures.
EX: Conventional 1: Embankments 27+800 - 28+000 28+100 - 30+540 Clearance of the toe and bioengineering measures Cut slope 1H:1V in case of excavation.

Slope 1H:1V for every bench.

Without berms for little cuts EX: Conventional 1: Embankments 86 87 CB1 4 CB1+C11 4 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 26+480, 26+540-26+620 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

LHS 27+020-27+080 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.
27+100 Plant 2 – 3 rows of vetiver hedges along contours within 8’ of road edge, at ~3’ intervals, with lowest row between slope toe and drain.

Continue above with live fascine.

LHS Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

LHS 27+800-27+840, 27+900, 27+940-28+000, Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.
RHS 27+820-27+900 27+980 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

LHS 28+100-28+140 Plant 2 – 3 rows of vetiver hedges along contours within 8’ of road edge, at ~3’ intervals, with lowest row between slope toe and drain.

Continue above with live fascine.

55 140 3 4828 20 3 708 200 3 6888 2440 3 83800 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations 28+220-28+300 Plant rows of vetiver hedges along contours from road edge, at ~3’ intervals, with lowest row between slope toe and drain.

On the slope change above, use live fascine or brush layer, depending on slope.

28+660-28+840, 27+900, 27+940-28+000, Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.
28+040-28+140 Plant 2 – 3 rows of vetiver hedges along contours within 8’ of road edge, at ~3’ intervals, with lowest row between slope toe and drain.

Continue above with live fascine.

28+200-28+260 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6 until change of slope and transition to live fascine or brush layer, depending on slope.

28+280-28+300 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.
28+340 Plant 2 – 3 rows of vetiver hedges along contours within 8’ of road edge, at ~3’ intervals, with lowest row between slope toe and drain.

Continue above with live fascine.

28+360-28+500 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

28+520 56 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6 until change of slope and transition to brush layer.

28+540-28+660 Plant 2 – 3 rows of vetiver hedges along contours within 8’ of road edge, at ~3’ intervals, with lowest row between slope toe and drain.

Continue above with brush layer, or live stakes/wildings in flatter areas.
28+680-28+700, 28+780-28+840, 28+900-29+080, 29+140-29+280, 29+340-29+360 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

29+420-29+480 Plant 2 – 3 rows of vetiver hedges along contours within 8’ of road edge, at ~3’ intervals, with lowest row between slope toe and drain.

Continue above with live fascine or brush layer, depending on slope.

29+500-29+540 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.
29+560-29+580 Plant 2 – 3 rows of vetiver hedges along contours within 8’ of road edge, at ~3’ intervals, with lowest row between slope toe and drain.

Continue above with live fascine or brush layer, depending on slope.

29+740-29+800 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.
29+940-30+040 Plant 2 – 3 rows of vetiver hedges along contours within 8’ of road edge, at ~3’ intervals, with lowest RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 57 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations row between slope toe and drain.

Continue above with brush layer.

30+060-30+220 30+340 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.
30+360 Gabion wall -plant vetiver in between baskets, in accordance with guidance in Annex 3.

30+500-30+520 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

RHS 28+360-28+440, 28+720, 28+800-28+820, 28+860, 29+000-29+240, 29+380, 29+460, 29+500, 29+540-29+560, 30+120, 30+180-30+220, 30+260, 30+440-30+480, 30+520-30+540, Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.
LHS Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

40 3 1394 CB1+C23 4 30+580 - 30+620 Clearance and bioengineering measures.

EX: Conventional 1: Embankments 58 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations CB1+C23 4 30+760 - 30+780 Clearance and bioengineering measures.

EX: Conventional 1: Embankments CB1+C23 4 31+380 Clearance and bioengineering measures.
EX: Conventional 1: Embankments CB1 4 31+680 90 Clearance of the toe and bioengineering measures CB1+C23 4 32+300 Clearance of the toe and bioengineering measures LHS 30+760-30+780 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

RHS 30+760 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

LHS 31+380 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.
RHS 31+380 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

LHS 31+680 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

RHS 31+680 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

LHS 32+300 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

RHS 32+300 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.
RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 59 20 3 708 40 3 1394 40 3 1394 30 10 3035 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations CB1+C23 4 CB1+C23 4 CB1+C23 4 32+380 - 32+400 32+600 - 32+700 33+220 - 33+280 Clearance and bioengineering measures.

EX: Conventional 1: Embankments Clearance and bioengineering measures.

EX: Conventional 1: Embankments Clearance and bioengineering measures.
EX: Conventional 1: Embankments LHS 32+380-32+400 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

LHS 32+600-32+700 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

LHS 33+220-33+280 Use vetiver along contours at 3’ intervals, in accordance with guidance in Section 5.6.

TOTAL 20 3 708 100 3 3454 60 3 2081 226262 60 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations 10.

ANNEX 2.

SITE FILES FOR SOME OF THE LOCATIONS IDENTIFIED FOR BIOENGINEERING RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 61 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

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Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations 11.

ANNEX 3.

CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES FOR BIOENGINEERING TECHNIQUES (see Table 1 for application and effectiveness) (1) Live stake (i) Description—Live staking involves the insertion and tamping of live, rootable vegetative cuttings into the ground.

A system of stakes creates a living root mat that stabilizes the soil by reinforcing and binding soil particles together and by extracting excess soil moisture.

See Fig.

A3.1.
See Fig.

A3.1.

Figure A3.1 Live Stake Installation Extracted from Rossow (1992) (ii) Construction guidelines Live material sizes—The cuttings are usually 1/2 to 1 1/2 inches in diameter and 2 to 3 feet long.

Live material preparation • • The materials must have side branches cleanly removed and the bark intact.

The basal ends should be cut at an angle for easy insertion into the soil.

The top should be cut square.

• Materials should be installed the same day that they are prepared.
RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 105 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations Installation • • Tamp the live stake into the ground at right angles to the slope.

The installation may be started at any point on the slope face.

The live stakes should be installed 2 to 3 feet apart using triangular spacing.

The density of the installation will range from 2 to 4 stakes per square yard.

The buds should be oriented up.


• • Four-fifths of the length of the live stake should be installed into the ground and soil firmly packed around it after installation.

• Do not split the stakes during installation.

Stakes that split should be removed and replaced.

• An iron bar can be used to make a pilot hole in firm soil.

Drive the stake into the ground with a dead blow hammer (hammer head filled with shot or sand).
(2) Live fascine (i) Description—Live fascines are long bundles of branch cuttings bound together into sausage- like structures.

See Fig.

A3.2.

Figure A3.2.

Live fascine details Extracted from Rossow (1992) 106 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations (ii) Construction guidelines Live materials—Cuttings must be from species that root easily and have long, straight branches.
Live material sizes and preparation • Cuttings tied together to form live fascine bundles vary in length from 5 to 30 feet or • longer, depending on site conditions and limitations in handling.

The completed bundles should be 6 to 8 inches in diameter, with all of the growing tips oriented in the same direction.

Stagger the cuttings in the bundles so that tops are evenly distributed throughout the length of the uniformly sized live fascine.
• Live stakes should be 2 1/2 feet long in cut slopes and 3 feet long in fill slopes.

Inert materials—String used for bundling should be untreated twine.

Dead stout stakes used to secure the live fascines should be 2 1/2-foot long, untreated, 2 by 4 lumber (see fig.

A3.3).

Figure A3.3.

A dead stout stake Each length should be cut again diagonally across the 4-inch face to make two stakes from each length.
Only new, sound, unused lumber should be used, and any stakes that shatter upon installation should be discarded.

Installation • Prepare the live fascine bundles and live stakes immediately before installation.

• Beginning at the base of the slope, dig a trench on the contour just large enough to contain the live fascine.

The trench will vary in width from 12 to 18 inches, depending on the angle of the slope to be treated.

The depth will be 6 to 8 inches, depending on the individual bundle’s final size.
• Place the live fascine into the trench.

• Drive the dead stout stakes directly through the live fascine every 2 to 3 feet along its length.

RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 107 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations • Extra stakes should be used at connections or bundle overlaps.

Leave the top of the stakes flush with the installed bundle.

• Live stakes are generally installed on the downslope side of the bundle.
Drive the live stakes below and against the bundle between the previously installed dead stout stakes.

The live stakes should protrude 2 to 3 inches above the top of the live fascine.

Place moist soil along the sides of the live fascine.

The top of the fascine should be slightly visible when the installation is completed.

• Next, at intervals on contour or at an angle up the face of the bank, repeat the preceding steps to the top of the slope (Table A3.1).
When possible, place one or two rows over the top of the slope.

• Long straw or similar mulching material should be placed between rows on 2.5:1 or flatter slopes, while slopes steeper than 2.5:1 should have jute mesh or similar material placed in addition to the mulch.
Table A3.1 Live fascine installation guidelines Slope Slope distance between trenches (ft) Maximum slope length (ft) 1:1 to 1.5:1 1.5:1 to 2:1 2:1 to 2.5:1 2.5:1 to 3:1 3.5:1 to 4:1 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-8 8-9 4.5:1 to 5:1 9-10 (3) Brushlayer 15 20 30 40 50 60 (i) Description—Brushlayering consists of placing live branch cuttings in small benches excavated into the slope.

See Fig.

A.3.4.
See Fig.

A.3.4.

(ii) Construction guidelines Live material sizes—Branch cuttings should be 1/2 to 2 inches in diameter and long enough to reach the back of the bench.

Side branches should remain intact for installation.

Installation • Starting at the toe of the slope, benches should be excavated horizontally, on the contour, or angled slightly down the slope, if needed to aid drainage.

The bench should be constructed 2 to 3 feet wide.


The surface of the bench should be sloped so that the outside edge is higher than the inside.

• • Live branch cuttings should be placed on the bench in a crisscross or overlapping configuration.

108 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations • Branch growing tips should be aligned toward the outside of the bench.
• Backfill is placed on top of the branches and compacted to eliminate air spaces.

The brush tips should extend slightly beyond the fill to filter sediment.

• Each lower bench is backfilled with the soil obtained from excavating the bench above.

• Long straw or similar mulching material with seeding should be placed between rows on 3:1 or flatter slopes, while slopes steeper than 3:1 should have jute mesh or similar material placed in addition to the mulch.
The brushlayer rows should vary from 3 to 5 feet apart, depending upon the slope angle and stability (table A3.2).

• Figure A3.4.

Brushlayerng Table A3.2.

Brushlayer installation guidelines Slope 2.5:1 to 3:1 2:1 to 2.5:1 3.5:1 to 4:1 Slope distance between benches Wet slopes (ft) Dry slopes (ft) Maximum slope length (ft) 3 3 4 3 4 5 15 15 20 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 109 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations (4) Branchpacking (i) Description—Branchpacking consists of alternating layers of live branch cuttings and compacted backfill to repair small localized slumps and holes in slopes.

See fig.

A3.5.

(ii) Construction guidelines Live material—Live branch cuttings may range from 1/2 inch to 2 inches in diameter.

They should be long enough to touch the undisturbed soil at the back of the trench and extend slightly from the rebuilt slope face.
Inert material—Wooden stakes should be 5 to 8 feet long and made from 3- to 4-inch diameter poles or 2 by 4 lumber, depending upon the depth of the particular slump or hole.

Installation • Starting at the lowest point, drive the wooden stakes vertically 3 to 4 feet into the ground.

Set them 1 to 1 1/2 feet apart.

• A layer of living branches 4 to 6 inches thick is placed in the bottom of the hole, between the vertical stakes, and perpendicular to the slope face.
They should be placed in a crisscross configuration with the growing tips generally oriented toward the slope face.

Some of the basal ends of the branches should touch the back of the hole or slope.

See Fig.

A3.5.

Figure A3.5.

Branchpacking details Extracted from Rossow (1992) 110 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.
Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations • Subsequent layers of branches are installed with the basal ends lower than the growing tips of the branches.

• Each layer of branches must be followed by a layer of compacted soil to ensure soil • • contact with the branch cuttings.

The final installation should match the existing slope.

Branches should protrude only slightly from the filled face.

The soil should be moist or moistened to insure that live branches do not dry out.
The live branch cuttings serve as tensile inclusions for reinforcement once installed.

As plant tops begin to grow, the branchpacking system becomes increasingly effective in retarding runoff and reducing surface erosion.

Trapped sediment refills the localized slumps or holes, while roots spread throughout the backfill and surrounding earth to form a unified mass.

Branchpacking is not effective in slump areas greater than 4 feet deep or 5 feet wide.
(5) Live gully repair (i) Description—A live gully repair utilizes alternating layers of live branch cuttings and compacted soil to repair small rills and gullies.

See Fig.

A3.6.

(ii) Construction guidelines Live material sizes—Live branch cuttings may range from 1/2 inch to 2 inches in diameter.

They should be long enough to touch the undisturbed soil at the back of the rill or gully and extend slightly from the rebuilt slope face.
Inert materials—Fill soil is compacted in alternate layers with live branch cuttings.

Installation • Starting at the lowest point of the slope, place a 3- to 4-inch layer of branches at lowest end of the rill or gully and perpendicular to the slope.

• Cover with a 6- to 8-inch layer of fill soil.

• Install the live branches in a crisscross fashion.

Orient the growing tips toward the slope face with basal ends lower than the growing tips.
• Follow each layer of branches with a layer of compacted soil to ensure soil contact with the live branch cuttings.

Figure A3.6.

Live gully repair details Extracted from Rossow (1992) RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 111 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations (6) Live cribwall (i) Description—A live cribwall consists of a hollow, box-like interlocking arrangement of untreated log or timber members.
The structure is filled with suitable backfill material and layers of live branch cuttings which root inside the crib structure and extend into the slope.

See.

fig.

A3.7.

(ii) Construction guidelines Live material sizes—Live branch cuttings should be 1/2 to 2 inches in diameter and long enough to reach the back of the wooden crib structure.

Inert materials—Logs or timbers should range from 4 to 6 inches in diameter or dimension.

The lengths will vary with the size of the crib structure.
Large nails or rebar are required to secure the logs or timbers together.

Installation • Starting at the lowest point of the slope, excavate loose material 2 to 3 feet below the ground elevation until a stable foundation is reached.

• Excavate the back of the stable foundation (closest to the slope) slightly deeper than the front to add stability to the structure.
• Place the first course of logs or timbers at the front and back of the excavated foundation, approximately 4 to 5 feet apart and parallel to the slope contour.

112 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations • Place the next course of logs or timbers at right angles (perpendicular to the slope) on top of the previous course to overhang the front and back of the previous course by 3 to 6 inches.
• Each course of the live cribwall is placed in the same manner and nailed to the preceding course with nails or reinforcement bars.

• When the cribwall structure reaches the existing ground elevation, place live branch cuttings on the backfill perpendicular to the slope; then cover the cuttings with backfill and compact.

• Live branch cuttings should be placed at each course to the top of the cribwall structure with growing tips oriented toward the slope face.
Follow each layer of branches with a layer of compacted soil to ensure soil contact with the live branch cuttings.

Some of the basal ends of the live branch cuttings should reach to undisturbed soil at the back of the cribwall with growing tips protruding sightly beyond the front of the cribwall (fig.

A3.8).

(7) Vegetated rock gabions (i) Description—Vegetated gabions begin as rectangular containers fabricated from a triple twisted, hexagonal mesh of heavily galvanized steel wire.
Empty gabions are placed in position, wired to adjoining gabions, filled with stones and then folded shut and wired at the ends and sides.

Live branches are placed on each consecutive layer between the rockfilled baskets.

These will take root inside the gabion baskets and in the soil behind the structures.

In time the roots consolidate the structure and bind it to the slope.
(ii) Construction guidelines Live material sizes—Branches should range from ½ to 1 inch in diameter and must be long enough to reach beyond the back of the rock basket structure into the backfill.

See fig.

A3.8.

Inert materials—Inert material requirements include wire gabion baskets and rocks to fill the baskets.

Installation • Starting at the lowest point of the slope, excavate loose material 2 to 3 feet below the ground elevation until a stable foundation is reached.
• Excavate the back of the stable foundation (closest to the slope) slightly deeper than the front to add stability to the structure.

This will provide additional stability to the structure and ensure that the living branches root well.

• Place the fabricated wire baskets in the bottom of the excavation and fill with rock.

• Place backfill between and behind the wire baskets.

Figure A3.7.
Figure A3.7.

Live cribwall details Extracted from Rossow (1992) RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 113 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations Figure A3.8.

Vegetated rock gabion details Extracted from Rossow (1992) • Place live branch cuttings on the wire baskets perpendicular to the slope with the growing tips oriented away from the slope and extending slightly beyond the gabions.
The live cuttings must extend beyond the backs of the wire baskets into the fill material.

Place soil over the cuttings and compact it.

114 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations • Repeat the construction sequence until the structure reaches the required height.
(8) Vegetated rock wall (i) Description—A vegetated rock wall is a combination of rock and live branch cuttings used to stabilize and protect the toe of steep slopes.

Vegetated rock walls differ from conventional retaining structures in that they are placed against relatively undisturbed earth and are not intended to resist large lateral earth pressures.

See fig.

A3.9.
See fig.

A3.9.

(ii) Construction guidelines Live material sizes—Live cuttings should have a diameter of 1/2 to 1 inch and be long enough to reach beyond the rock structure into the fill or undisturbed soil behind.

Inert materials—Inert materials consist of rocks and fill material for the wall construction.

Rock used should normally range from 8 to 24 inches in diameter.

Larger boulders should be used for the base.


Installation • Starting at the lowest point of the slope, remove loose soil until a stable base is reached.

This usually occurs 2 to 3 feet below ground elevation.

Excavate the back of the stable foundation (closest to the slope) slightly deeper than the front to add stability to the structure.

• Excavate the minimum amount from the existing slope to provide a suitable recess for the Wall.
• Place rocks with at least a three-point bearing on the foundation material or underlying rock course.

They should also be placed so that their center of gravity is as low as possible, with their long axis slanting inward toward the slope if possible.

• When a rock wall is constructed adjacent to an impervious surface, place a drainage system at the back of the foundation and outside toe of the wall to provide an appropriate drainage outlet.
• Overall height of the rock wall, including the footing, should not exceed 5 feet.

• A wall can be constructed with a sloping bench behind it to provide a base on which live branch cuttings can be placed during construction.

• Live branch cuttings should also be tamped or placed into the openings of the rock wall during or after construction.

The butt ends of the branches should extend into the backfill or undisturbed soil behind the wall.
The live branch cuttings should be oriented perpendicular to the slope contour with growing tips protruding slightly from the finished rock wall face.

• RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 115 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations Figure A3.9.
Vegetated rock wall details Extracted from Rossow (1992) (9) Joint planting (i) Description—Joint planting or vegetated riprap involves tamping live cuttings of rootable plant material into soil between the joints or open spaces in rocks.

See fig.

A3.10.

(ii) Construction guidelines Live material sizes—The cuttings must have side branches removed and bark intact.

They should range in diameter from 1/2 inch to 1 1/2 inches and be sufficiently long to extend into soil below the rock surface.
Installation • Tamp live branch cuttings into the openings of the rock during or after construction.

The butt ends of the branches should extend into the backfill or undisturbed soil behind the riprap.

• Orient the live branch cuttings perpendicular to the slope with growing tips protruding slightly from the finished face of the rock.

116 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations Figure A3.10.
Joint planting details Extracted from Rossow (1992) RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 117 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations 12.

ANNEX 4.

RECOMMENDED BIOENGINEERING PROGRAMME Justification It is recommended that the Forestry Department lead the proposed bioengineering works for the following reasons: 1.

Most of the knowledge and expertise in relation to national forest management and plant 2.
3. propagation resides within the department.

The Department will be required to manage and oversee the maintenance of the bioengineered slopes, and this will ensure that they buy into the project.

Investing in increased capacity within the department will result in benefits beyond the scope and timeframe of the project, making forests more climate resilient.

4.
4.

New skills developed within the Department and others beneficiaries may provide them with an additional revenue stream in future, through the sale of their expertise to other similar projects and the public.

Implementation The bioengineering programme should include: 1.

Training of key persons in suitable bioengineering techniques.

Features of the training programme should include: - - An external trainer to strengthen the Forestry Department in the engineering aspects of bioengineering.
It may be possible to identify such an individual or company through a voluntary organization such as Engineers Without Borders, and this option should be explored.

Experience in a tropical environment with similar terrain and familiarity with the species to be worked with would be an asset, although the Department is expected to be able to carry this aspect.
Training beneficiaries should include persons from the Forestry Department, key members of the Kalinago community, Ministry of Works engineers and field technicians, technical managers of ecotourism sites, and extension staff in the Ministry of Agriculture.

Trainees should include persons with the capacity to conduct future training as needed.

Field application of several of the recommended bioengineering techniques, on existing slopes through demonstration sites.
Community members identified for implementation of the bioengineering programme could be included in this aspect of the programme, if they have been identified.

Return visit of expert to review efficacy of demonstration sites.

It may be possible to also have intermittent visits during project implementation and aftercare.

- - 2.

Harvesting of wildings from the forest for direct transplanting or hardening in a nursery environment for later replanting.

3.
3.

Support to the Forestry nursery, to meet project demands – Seedlings/cuttings of recommended species and vetiver plants are required.

The plants intended for this project should be established well in advance of project commencement.

Identification of community members to be engaged to undertake implementation of the bioengineering work and aftercare, under the supervision of the Department of Forestry.
Implementation of bioengineering techniques on slopes identified for stabilization and revegetation.

Plans must be approved by the project designer before implementation.

4.

5.

118 RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental Management Plan.

Appendix 4: Bioengineering recommendations Estimated costs Assumptions: 1.

Up to 30 trainees will benefit.

2.

3.

4.


3 follow up visits by the bio-engineering expert will be required, over a period of 18 months, more Training room and AV aids will be provided by the government as a counterpart contribution.

Training will occur over a 3 week period, including field activities.

or less at 6 monthly intervals.

5.

Watering will not be required.

Planting will be timed to commence early in the rainy season.
Note that the estimated annual maintenance cost can be reduced if harvesters interested in using the cut material can be engaged in a suitable agreement.

Such harvesting must be controlled and supervised by the Forestry Department, to ensure that the primary programme objective of slope stabilization continues to be met.
RD1415-FD-ESMP-AP4-Ed05 119 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan APPENDIX 5.- CODE OF CONDUCT RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 145 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan Code of Conduct MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR CONTRACTORS CODE OF CONDUCT A satisfactory Code of Conduct will contain obligations on all Consultants’/Contractors’ personnel (including sub-contractors/sub-consultants and day workers) that are suitable to address the following issues, as a minimum.
Additional obligations may be added to respond to particular concerns of the region, the location and the project sector or to specific project requirements.

The code of conduct shall contain a statement that the term “child” / “children” means any person(s) under the age of 18 years.

The issues to be addressed include: 1.

Compliance with applicable laws, rules, and regulations of the Commonwealth of Dominica 2.
Compliance with applicable health and safety requirements to protect the local community (including vulnerable and disadvantaged groups), the Employer’s Personnel, and the Contractor’s Personnel (including wearing prescribed personal protective equipment [PPE], preventing avoidable accidents and a duty to report conditions or practices that pose a safety hazard or threaten the environment) 3.
Compliance with environmental requirements identified in the ESMF and ESMP including erosion control, storm water control, noise and dust control, site cleanliness and disposal of excavated materials and construction wastes 4.

Respecting reasonable work/ site instructions (including regarding environmental and social norms) 5.

The use of illegal substances 6.

Sanitation requirements (for example, to ensure workers use specified sanitary facilities provided by their employer and not open areas) 7.
Non-Discrimination in dealing with the local community (including vulnerable and disadvantaged groups), the Employer’s Personnel, and the Contractor’s Personnel (for example on the basis of family status, ethnicity, race, gender, religion, language, marital status, birth, age, disability, or political conviction) Interactions with community members and any affected persons (for example to convey an attitude of respect and non-discrimination, including to their culture and traditions) 8.

9.
9.

Sexual harassment (for example to prohibit use of language or behaviour, in particular towards women or children, that is inappropriate, harassing, abusive, sexually provocative, demeaning or culturally inappropriate) 10.

Violence, including sexual and/or gender based violence (for example acts that inflict physical, mental or sexual harm or suffering, threats of such acts, coercion, and deprivation of liberty) 11.
Exploitation including sexual exploitation and abuse (for example the prohibition of the exchange of money, employment, goods, or services for sex, including sexual favors or other forms of humiliating, degrading behaviour, exploitative behavior or abuse of power) RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04 147 Pre-Engineering and Design Services – East Coast Roads Environmental and Social Management Plan 12.
Protection of children (including prohibitions against abuse, defilement, or otherwise unacceptable behaviour with children, limiting interactions with children, and ensuring their safety in project areas) 13.

Avoidance of conflicts of interest (such that benefits, contracts, or employment, or any sort of preferential treatment or favours, are not provided to any person with whom there is a financial, family, or personal connection) 14.
Avoidance of issues associated with influx of labour, both social and environmental 15.

Protection and proper use of property (for example, to prohibit theft, carelessness or waste) 16.

Duty to report violations of this Code 17.

Non retaliation against workers who report violations of the Code, if that report is made in good faith.
The Code of Conduct should be written in plain language and signed by each worker to indicate that they have:     Received a copy of the code; Had the code explained to them; Acknowledged that adherence to this Code of Conduct employment; and Understood that violations of the Code can result in serious consequences, up to and including dismissal, or referral to legal authorities.

is a condition of 148 RD1415-FD-ESMP-Ed04