Source document: https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697635411843.pdf (Australia)
E Appendix E — Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament Treaties 1.1 In their submission, the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and Australian Safeguards and Non-Proliferation Office provided a summary of all nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament treaties to which Australia is a party.1 Multilateral Treaties Treaty Title Purpose Entry into Force for Australia Statute of the International Treaty which created the IAEA.
Signed in New York on: 14 Atomic Energy Agency December 1956; ratified on 29 July 1957; and entered into force on 29 July 1957.

1 Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and Australian Safeguards and Non-Proliferation Office, Submission No.

29, Attachment A.

222 REPORT 106: NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION AND DISARMAMENT Treaty Title Purpose Entry into Force for Australia Agreement between the Establishes Antarctica as a non- Signed in Washington on 1 Governments of Australia, militarised zone.
Prohibits December 1959; ratified on Argentina, Chile, the French nuclear explosions, the disposal 23 June 1961; and entered Republic, Japan, New Zealand, of radioactive waste material into force on 23 June 1961.

Norway, the Union of South and the testing of any type of Africa, the Union of Soviet weapons.

Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and North Ireland and the United States of America concerning the Peaceful Uses of Antarctica.
(Short title: The ‘Antarctic Treaty’) Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Commits parties not to test Signed in Moscow on 8 Tests in the Atmosphere, in nuclear weapons in the August 1963; ratified on 12 Outer Space and under Water atmosphere, in outer space and November 1963; and (Partial Test Ban Treaty) under water.

entered into force on 5 October 1963.


Treaty on Principles Governing Prohibits the deployment of Signed in Washington on 27 the Activities of States in the nuclear weapons in orbit, on the January 1967; ratified on 10 Exploration and Use of Outer moon or other celestial bodies October 1967; and entered Space, including the Moon and or otherwise in outer space.

into force on 10 October Other Celestial Bodies (Outer Space Treaty) 1967.
Treaty on the Non-Proliferation Commits non-nuclear weapons Signed in Vienna on of Nuclear Weapons states not to attempt to acquire February 1970; ratified 23 nuclear weapons; guarantees January 1973; and entered the right to peaceful nuclear into force on 23 January energy; and commits nuclear 1973. weapons states to pursue disarmament.
APPENDIX E — NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION AND DISARMAMENT TREATIES 223 Treaty Title Purpose Treaty on the Prohibition on the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Sea Bed and the Ocean Floor and in the Sub-soil thereof (Seabed Treaty) Agreement between Australia and the International Atomic Energy Agency for the Application of Safeguards in connection with the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons of 1 July 1968 Parties undertake not to place nuclear weapons, WMD or any launching installations or other facilities specifically designed for storing, testing or using such weapons on the sea-bed and the ocean floor and in the subsoil thereof beyond the outer limit of a sea-bed zone.
Treaty does not apply to the coastal State or to the sea-bed beneath its territorial waters.

Consistent with Australia’s NPT obligations, Australia accepts safeguards on all source or special fissionable material in all peaceful nuclear activities within its territory.

Entry into Force for Australia Signed in London/ Moscow/Washington on 11 February 1971; ratified: on 23 January 1973; and entered into force on 23 January 1973.

Signed in Vienna and entered into force on 10 July 1974.
Agreement Governing the Prohibits the deployment of Acceded to on 7 July 1986; Activities of States on the Moon nuclear weapons on the moon and entered into force for and other Celestial Bodies and other celestial bodies.

Australia on 6 August 1986.

(Moon Treaty) South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Establishes an NFZ in the Signed in Raratonga on 6 Treaty (Treaty of Raratonga) South Pacific.
Convention on the Physical Parties commit to provide Protection of Nuclear Material physical protection to nuclear material in international August 1985; ratified and entered into force for Australia on 11 December 1986.

Signed in Geneva on 22 February 1984; ratified on 22 September 1987; and transport, and to criminalise entered into force for various activities in relation to Australia on 22 October unauthorised dealings with 1987. nuclear material.
224 REPORT 106: NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION AND DISARMAMENT Treaty Title Purpose Entry into Force for Australia Protocol Additional to the Enhances the IAEA’s ability to Signed in Vienna on 23 Agreement [of 10 July 1974] provide assurances about the September 1997; and between Australia and the peaceful nature of a state’s entered into force on 12 International Atomic Energy nuclear activities.

December 1997.
December 1997.

Agency for the Application of Safeguards in connection with the Treaty on the Non- Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons of 1 July 1968 Comprehensive Nuclear Test Prohibits any nuclear explosion, Signed in New York on 24 Ban Treaty and causing, encouraging or September 1996; ratified on participating in the conduct of a 9 July 1998; but Treaty not nuclear explosion.

yet in force generally.


Amendments to the Convention Extends physical protection Adopted at Vienna on 8 July on the Physical Protection of obligations to material in 2005; ratified on 17 July Nuclear Material domestic use, storage or 2008; but, not yet in force transport, and to nuclear generally.

facilities.
facilities.

International Convention for the Parties must establish criminal Signed in New York on 14 Suppression of Acts of Nuclear offences with appropriate September 2005; Terrorism penalties in relation to a number Convention has not yet been of offences relating to nuclear ratified by Australia; but, terrorism.

entered into force generally on 7 July 2007.


Multilateral agreements relating to safety Treaty Title Purpose Entry into Force for Australia APPENDIX E — NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION AND DISARMAMENT TREATIES 225 Convention on the Prevention of The convention prohibits the Signed in London, Marine Pollution by Dumping of dumping or deliberate disposal of Mexico City, Moscow Wastes and Other Matter hazardous waste and seeks to and Washington on 10 control marine pollution.
October 1973; ratified Regional Cooperative Agreement Facilitates technical and political for Research, Development and cooperation in the peaceful Training Related to Nuclear applications of nuclear science and Science and Technology (RCA) technology among the 17 regional member countries.

on 21 August 1985; and entered into force for Australia on 20 September 1985.
Accepted and entered into force for Australia on 11 June 1987; a fourth extension Agreement, which will extend the RCA until 11 June 2012, is currently awaiting Executive Council approval.

Convention on the Early Establishes an international Signed in Vienna on Notification of a Nuclear Accident notification scheme for reporting 26 September 1986; nuclear accidents that may have ratified on 22 August trans-boundary consequences.
1987; and entered into Convention on Assistance in the Establishes an international scheme Case of a Nuclear Accident or for the provision of assistance and Radiological Emergency support in the case of a nuclear or radiological accident.

force for Australia on 23 Oct.1987.

Signed Vienna on 26 Sept. 1986; ratified on 22 Sept. 1987; and entered into force for Australia on 23 Oct.1987.
Convention on Nuclear Safety Covers the construction, design, Signed in Vienna on operation and safety of nuclear 20 Sept.1994; ratified power plants.

The convention 24 Dec. 1996; and creates a peer review mechanism.

entered into force for Australia on 24 March 1997.

226 REPORT 106: NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION AND DISARMAMENT Convention on Supplementary Creates a worldwide liability regime Signed in Vienna on 1 Compensation for Nuclear to supplement and enhance the October 1997.
This Damage Vienna and Paris Conventions on Convention has not yet civil liability for nuclear damage, been ratified by thereby ensuring the availability of Australia; and it is not compensation for victims of a nuclear yet in force generally.

accident.
accident.

Joint Convention on the Safety of Covers the construction, design, Signed: in Vienna on Spent Fuel Management and on operation and safety of facilities for 13 Nov. 1998; ratified the Safety of Radioactive Waste the management of spent fuel and of on 5 August 2003; Management radioactive waste.

The convention entered into force for creates a peer review mechanism.

Australia on 3 November 2003.


Bilateral nuclear agreements Treaty Title Purpose Entry into Force for Australia Agreement between the Government of The export of Signed in Canberra and Australia and the Government of the Australian uranium for entered into force on 2 May Republic of Korea concerning peaceful purposes 1979.
Cooperation in Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy and the Transfer of Nuclear Material Agreement between the Government of The export of Signed in London and entered Australia and the Government of the Australian uranium for into force on 24 July 1979.
United Kingdom of Great Britain and peaceful purposes Northern Ireland concerning Nuclear Transfers between Australia and the United Kingdom Agreement between the Government of The export of Signed in Helsinki on 20 July Australia and the Government of the Australian uranium for 1978; and entered into force Republic of Finland concerning the peaceful purposes on 9 February 1980.
Transfer of Nuclear Material between Australia and Finland APPENDIX E — NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION AND DISARMAMENT TREATIES 227 Treaty Title Purpose Entry into Force for Australia An exchange of notes constituting an The export of Notes and agreed minute Agreement between Australia and the Australian uranium for exchanged in Washington on United States of America concerning peaceful purposes 5 July 1979; and entered into Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy, and force on 16 January 1981.
Agreed Minute Agreement between the Government of The export of Signed in Ottawa and entered Australia and the Government of Australian uranium for into force on 9 March 1981.

Canada concerning the Peaceful Uses peaceful purposes of Nuclear Energy Agreement on Conditions and Controls The export of Signed in Canberra on 18 for Nuclear Transfers for Peaceful Australian uranium for March 1981; and entered into Purposes between Australia and peaceful purposes force on 22 May 1981.
Sweden, and Exchange of Letters Agreement concerning Nuclear The export of Signed in Paris on 7 January Transfers between Australia and Australian uranium for 1981; and entered into force France, and Exchange of Letters peaceful purposes on 12 September 1981.

Agreement with the European Atomic The export of Signed in Brussels on 21 Energy Community (EURATOM) Australian uranium for September 1981; and entered concerning Transfers of Nuclear peaceful purposes into force on 15 January 1982.
Material from Australia to EURATOM, and two exchanges of Letters Agreement between the Government of The export of Signed in Manila on 8 August Australia and the Government of the Australian uranium for 1978; and entered into force Republic of the Philippines concerning peaceful purposes on 11 May 1982.
Co-operation in Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy and the Transfer of Nuclear Material Agreement between the Government of The export of Signed in Canberra on 5 Australia and the Government of Japan Australian uranium for March 1982; and entered into for Cooperation in the Peaceful Uses of peaceful purposes force on 17 August 1982.
Nuclear Energy, and three Exchanges of Notes Agreement between Australia and The export of Signed in Berne on 28 Switzerland concerning the Peaceful Australian uranium for January 1986; and entered Uses of Nuclear Energy, and two peaceful purposes into force on 27 July 1988. exchanges of Letters 228 REPORT 106: NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION AND DISARMAMENT Treaty Title Purpose Entry into Force for Australia Agreement concerning Cooperation in The export of Signed in Cairo on 18 the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy Australian uranium for February 1988; and entered and the Transfer of Nuclear Material peaceful purposes into force on 2 June 1989. between Australia and the Arab Republic of Egypt Agreement between the Government of Applies to transfers of Signed in Canberra on 15 Australia and the Government of the Australian nuclear February 1990; and entered Union of Soviet Socialist Republics material to the USSR into force on 24 December concerning the Peaceful Uses of either directly or 1990.
Nuclear Energy through a third party.

The Agreement covers the processing (conversion, enrichment or fuel fabrication) of Australian obligated nuclear material (AONM) in Russia on behalf of other partner countries, but does not permit the use of AONM by Russia.

Agreement between the Government of The export of Signed in Canberra on 28 Australia and the Government of the Australian uranium for February 1992; and entered United Mexican States concerning peaceful purposes into force on 17 July 1992.
Cooperation in Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy and the Transfer of Nuclear Material Agreement between the Government of The export of Signed in Canberra on 14 Australia and the Government of New Australian uranium for September 1999; and entered Zealand concerning the Transfer of peaceful purposes into force on 1 May 2000.
Uranium APPENDIX E — NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION AND DISARMAMENT TREATIES 229 Treaty Title Purpose Entry into Force for Australia Agreement for Cooperation between the Applies to cooperation Signed in Washington on 28 Government of Australia and the in research on and October 1999; and entered Government of the United States of development and into force on 24 May 2000.
America concerning Technology for the utilization of SILEX Separation of Isotopes of Uranium by nuclear technology for Laser Excitation (SILEX Agreement), peaceful purposes.

Agreed Minute and Exchange of Notes Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of the Czech Republic concerning Cooperation in the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy and the Transfer of Nuclear Material Signed in Prague on 27 July 2001; and entered into force on 17 May 2002.
Exchange of Notes Constituting an The Agreement Signed in Washington on 31 Agreement between Australia and the facilitates the July 2001; and entered into United States of America Concerning retransfer of Australian force on 17 May 2002.

Cooperation on the Application of Non uranium to Taiwan for Proliferation Assurances on Retransfer use in the generation to Taiwan of electricity via transfers to the United States.
Agreement Between the Government of Australia and the Government of the Republic of Hungary on Cooperation in Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy and the Transfer of Nuclear Material Agreement with the Argentine Republic concerning cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy Agreement with the People’s Republic of China on the transfer of Nuclear Material Agreement with the People’s Republic of China for Cooperation in the peaceful uses of Nuclear Energy Signed in Budapest on 8 August 2001; and entered into force on 15 June 2002.
Signed in Canberra on 8 August 2001; and entered into force on 12 January 2005.

Signed in Canberra on 3 April 2006; and entered into force on 3 February 2007.

Signed in Canberra on 3 April 2006; and entered into force on 3 February 2007.
230 REPORT 106: NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION AND DISARMAMENT Treaty Title Purpose Entry into Force for Australia Agreement with the Russian Federation All Australian uranium Signed in Sydney on 7 on Cooperation in the Use of Nuclear is exported for September 2007; but Energy for Peaceful Purposes exclusively peaceful Agreement has not yet purposes, and only to entered into force.

countries and parties with which Australia has a bilateral safeguards Agreement.
Other relevant agreements Treaty Title Purpose Entry into Force for Australia Exchange of Notes between The agreement provides for Signed in Singapore Australia and Singapore application of physical protection and entered into force constituting an Agreement measures to uranium ore on 15 December 1989. concerning Cooperation in the concentrates when transhipped in Physical Protection of Nuclear Singapore.
Material Agreement between Australia The agreement includes provisions Signed in Mataram, and the Republic of Indonesia on by which the parties undertake to Lombok on 13 the Framework for Security cooperate on nuclear non- November 2006; and Cooperation (Lombok Treaty) proliferation and on peaceful uses of entered into force on 7 nuclear energy.

February 2008.