Source document: https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697810258966.pdf (Mauritius)
Roadmap and Action Plan for a Circular Economy in the Republic of Mauritius (2023-2033) An Overview Professor Toolseeram Ramjeawon Consultant National Validation Workshop, 21st June 2023 Preparing the presentations, I was reminded of this book….. 9.1% in 2018 8.6% in 2020 Relying solely on energy efficiency and switching to renewable energy will only address 55% of global GHG emissions .

The remaining 45% reduction will come from changing production and consumption patterns.
What are the limitations of a Linear Economy?

unstable supply of raw materials scarcity of resources volatile prices of resources lost value of materials and products waste generated environmental degradation & climate change Covid-19 was a “late lesson” for an early warning 6 What is a Circular Economy ?

• A systemic approach for a complete rethinking of the economy • Rethinking value creation by closing the loop of material flows.
The goal is to retain the value of products and materials for as long as possible within the economic system and reducing waste to a minimum • It is about turning inefficiencies in linear value chains into business value through a new set of business models A World of Inefficiencies -Inefficiencies exist in all areas of our economies and societies.

Vast amounts of valuable materials are wasted or underused 10-15% of building materials goes to waste during construction 30% of edible food is thrown away.
50% of all plastics are single-use The average occupancy of cars is only 8% An office’s occupancy rate is about 40% In developed countries an ordinary household is estimated to have between 10000 to 15000 items A consumer power drill is unused on average 97% of the time 60% of clothing is landfilled or incinerated within years of being made Five circular business models (CBMs) by which companies can turn the inefficiencies in their value chains into new value Circular Inputs- Use fully renewable, recyclable or biodegradable resource inputs Resource Recovery-recovery of usable resources or energy from wastes or by-products Product Life Extension- through repair, reuse, maintenance, upgrading and resale services Sharing Platforms- stimulating collaboration among product users via mainly digital platforms Product as a service- offering customers access to products instead of owning products through services such as leasing, renting and pay-for-use The market share of the CBMs is still very limited due to a number of barriers to investments in CE The objective is to scale up these CBMs with the right enabling policies Enablers (Policy, Education and behavioural change, disruptive technologies, Finance) Innovation - Business Models - Technical - Social Circular Goals (reuse, repair, remanufacturing , recycling) What is/Why a Roadmap?
• All of the current initiatives are taking place in isolation and lacking a holistic and strategic framework which reflects opportunities in all sectors beyond waste management • A Roadmap is a tool for change: it helps define the required steps and compiles key stakeholders views on the essential changes and actions required for the circular transformation • The Roadmap includes a vision, as well as goals and tangible actions in focus areas that will accelerate the country’s transition • Creating a Roadmap is a way of engaging stakeholders and raising ambitions • Analysis of Circular Economy Trends • Status of Enablers for the CE in Mauritius • Review of International Experiences on Roadmaps on CE • Priority sectors for the Roadmap • Potential Benefits and Barriers Domestic Material Consumption (DMC) was about 12 million tons (9.42 tons per capita) in 2019 MSW generated per capita increased from 0.6 kg per capita in 2000 to 1.1 kg per capita in 2019.
Imports increased from 0.6 million tonnes in 1990 to 2,7 million tonnes in 2019 Recycling rate= approx.

4% in 2019 Saturation of landfill Imports increased from 0.6 million tonnes in 1990 to 2,7 million tonnes in 2019 Imported fuel make up about 86% of total primary energy requirement Net food importer with an estimated overall self-sufficiency of 25% Mauritius, which produces less than 25 percent of its food Why a Circular Economy for Mauritius?

a.
a.

Because the linear economy model deepens dependencies and vulnerabilities b.

Because the country faces urgencies with respect to waste management c. Because the circular economy allows the country to face the global challenges of the 21st Century d. Because the circular economy presents economic opportunities e. Because a green recovery requires a long-term view and a shared path Focus areas 1.

Agri-Food 2.

Construction and Real Estate 3.

Consumer Goods 4.

Mobility and Logistics 5.


Waste Management Cross-Cutting Areas (Education, Awareness raising, Research and Development, Public Procurement, …..) 23 Categories of Circular Economy Barriers The development of the roadmap • 6 months of work (from October 2022 to March 2023) • Over 100 participants : government agencies, businesses, associations, academia, experts,NGOs • 15 focus group meetings in Mauritius and one workshop in Rodrigues The vision of the roadmap is that…….
by 2050, as a result of partnerships and collaboration between all stakeholders, the circular economy has been embedded in the culture of the country, generating sustainable production and consumption patterns, driving the regeneration of nature, positively impacting the lives of people and the environment and promoting the creation of green jobs and opportunities for people and organizations.
Mauritius is a role model for the Circular Economy in the region and among SIDS To guide and evaluate progress in the transition, a set of eight long term goals has been established for 2033 Indicator Baseline 2033 Goal Resource productivity (GDP per kg of Domestic Material Consumption) 2.34 US$/kg in 2019 Increase of 25% Generation of municipal solid waste per capita (MSW generated per capita per year) 430 kg in 2019 Decrease of 10% Total waste generation per GDP (Waste generated per GDP output) 37.2 tonnes per million US$ of GDP in 2019 Decrease of 10% Reduction of food waste (% reduction of per capita food waste) 132 kg/capita/year in 2019 (estimated) Decreased by 50% Recycling of plastic packaging (% of plastic packaging recycled) 3% (estimated) Increased to 50% Waste diverted from landfill (% of MSW diverted from landfilling) 537,147 tonnes landfilled in 2019 70% diverted National Recycling rate (% of total waste generated recycled) 4% (estimated) Increased to 50% Gross Value Added (GVA) contribution to GDP and Green Jobs generated.
(Value added at factor cost and jobs generated in circular economy sectors) - 1.5% of GDP and 10 000 new jobs Five strategic pillars to achieve the goals Main elements of the action plan • Based on stakeholder consultations and the focus group discussions, 80 actions have been identified in the focus and cross-cutting areas to help to put in place a CE enabling framework in the next 10 years.
Most of the actions have been scheduled for the short- and medium-term • CE enabling framework: Devising policy and legislative frameworks; investments in education, capacity building, awareness raising, physical and digital infrastructures and in research and innovation; and administrative and governance requirements for implementation.

29 Actions in the Five Focus Areas Consumers choose food that has been produced through the wiser use of raw materials.

Food is not lost or wasted.


Nutrients are recycled.
Agri-Food Consumer Goods Reducing consumption of goods, prolonging lifespan of products and recycling Construction & Real Estate Minimizing the use of virgin raw materials, maximizing the length of materials and products life cycles and recycling Waste Management Mobility and Logistics Transport will develop into a seamless, smart system that uses fossil free fuels Sorting and collection of wastes and high-quality recycling 3 0 Cross-Cutting Actions (Horizontal policy interventions that are essential to systemic change) Business Support to help companies explore more circular ways of doing business Governance promotes active involvement of stakeholders, the coordination of policies and the evaluation of progress made Public Procurement Leverage the purchasing power of government to encourage a CE Cross- Cutting Actions Education and Awareness Raising For a cultural change and a change of mindset.
Democratizing the CE Greening of Fiscal Policies and Financing Increase access to financing for CBMs Greening of taxation Research and Innovation to fill knowledge gaps and develop specific technological solutions Means of Implementation -Costing of Actions -Institutional Arrangements -M&E Framework -Financing of Projects Investment in CE may be divided into Investments in a CE enabling framework (targeting policies/regulations and capacities) -Policy and legislative frameworks -Fiscal policies -Education and Awareness raising -Institutional Capacity Building -Research and Innovation -Digital platforms -Administrative and governance requirements A B Investments in CE-related assets (targeting project-level assistance) Access to adapted finance for those assets, through CE-aligned loan finance, equity injections, leasing agreements as well as risk mitigation instruments, About Rs 1.2 billion (or about 26 million USD) must be mobilized for Mauritius and about Rs 150 million (or about 3.5 million USD) for Rodrigues Institutional Arrangements Legislative Framework • The recently enacted Waste Management and Resource Recovery Act, the Environmental Protection Act and the Public Procurement Act together currently provide for a legislative framework for the CE.
• In the short to medium term, a new comprehensive legislation on CE can be envisaged after devising new policies and policy impact assessments 15 Circular Economy Indicators for monitoring the transition Production and Consumption 1.

Domestic Material Consumption per capita 2.

Resource Productivity 3.

Material footprint 4.

Generation of municipal solid waste per capita 5.

Total waste generation per GDP output 6.

Household spending on product maintenance and repair 7.
Share of public procurement incorporating circularity requirements Competitiveness and Innovation 14.

Gross Value Added to GDP and Jobs in the repair of goods and recycling of materials.

15.

Number of companies and organizations that have benefited from a support mechanism on the functional economy Circular Economy Waste Management 8.

% of MSW diverted from landfill 9.

National Recycling rate 10.

% of food waste recycled 11.


% recycling of plastic packaging Contribution of recycled materials to raw materials demand 12.

Use of secondary raw materials in product processes 13.
No of industrial symbiosis initiatives Circular Investment Opportunities Built Environment -Green Buildings -Renovation and upgrade of buildings -Buildings material reuse and recycling infrastructure Plastic Packaging -Sustainable Packaging -Innovative reuse business models for plastic packaging -Plastic collection, sorting and recycling infrastructure Consumer Goods -Repair, Rental and Resale business models -Product as a service business models -Collection, sorting and recycling infrastructure Food -Tools enabling farmers to shift to regenerative agricultural production -Food surplus and by-product collection, redistribution and valorisation infrastructure Mobility -Multimodal mobility infrastructure -Sharing Platforms -Repair and recycling infrastructure Waste Management -Collection and sorting -Recycling Infrastructure -Reverse Logistics -PRO Recommendations for increasing financing of Circular Business Models Develop and adopt a circular economy taxonomy will help investors understand and assess what is circular and what is not Provide capacity development for DBM and commercial banks to integrate CE principles Establish a National Green Fund (ex.
provide technical assistance to SMEs for an action plan on CE De-risk lending through blended finance, loan guarantees, etc Develop widely acceptable metrics that both private and public financial institutions can use to assess the circularity of businesses Capacity building of businesses, especially of SMEs, to ensure that they have the skillset and documentation required to develop bankable projects in the area of circular economy Set up a Circular Economy Finance Support Platform Actions for Rodrigues • The Rodrigues Regional Assembly has officially started the consultations and targeted actions regarding the certification of Rodrigues as a “Green Destination” by the Global Sustainable Tourism Council.
The actions proposed in the roadmap aim to give a clear direction to the RRA on how the transition towards a more circular economy can be approached and contribute to the vision.

• Consultation workshop held in Rodrigues on 17th March 2023 • In addition to Waste Management, which is commonly seen as the entry point to adopting CE principles, the Agri-food and Tourism sectors have been identified as having high potential for circularity in Rodrigues.
• Based on the sector assessment and on stakeholder consultations, 30 actions have been identified towards embedding a CE enabling framework in Rodrigues in the next 10 years.

About Rs 150 million (or about 3.5 million USD) must be mobilized to implement these actions.
To ensure the effective start of the transition, it is strongly recommended to prioritize the implementation of actions for (i) the creation of an open governance that promotes active involvement of stakeholders (ii) Education, capacity building and awareness raising (iii) the setting up of a business support institution (iv) devising a fiscal framework to de-risks circular economy investments.
(v) Setting EPR schemes and scaling Circular Public Procurement 40 How the roadmap will introduce circularity into daily life • Waste sorting • Deposit-Return systems/take-back schemes through EPRs • Market for second-hand goods • More Product as a service business models • More products with environmental labels • More products made from recycled materials on the market • Receiving trustworthy and relevant information on repairability of products at the point of sale • Mandatory display on EEE of simple information on repairability • Economic Incentives for Repairs • Recurring repair events in the community • Tool lending libraries • Clothes/Electronics on rental • Digital platforms for sharing • Mobility as a service • Food wastes reduction • More reusable packaging • Reuse and Refill options at retail stores • A network of fixed and mobile Civic Amenity Centres • Obligation to source-separate construction wastes • Mandatory pre-demolition audit to obtain a BLUP for a demolition 41 Conclusion • The transition to a circular economy for Mauritius is not a choice, but a necessity.
The current linear economic model is resulting in deepening dependencies and vulnerabilities • The circular economy is a major change of an economic and social system that has been built over time and which now largely influences our ways of thinking and decision making • The transition will result from a multitude of initiatives, small steps, pilots and decisions which together will place the country on an alternative development path.
The roadmap will help in accelerating the transition • A circular transition is a societal project and cannot be achieved singlehandedly by any one group of stakeholders.

Instead, it calls for collaboration and involvement by all segments of society 42 Thank You