Source document: https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697749224409.pdf (India)
Acknowledgements Patrons: • Sh.

Ramesh Pokhriyal ’Nishank’, Minister of Human Resource Development, Government of India • Sh.
Sanjay Dhotre, Minister of State for Human Resource Development, Government of India • Ms. Anita Karwal, IAS , Secretary, Department of School Education and Literacy, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India Advisory and Creative Inputs: • Our gratitude to Ms. Anita Karwal, IAS, for her advisory and creative inputs for this Handbook during her tenure as Chairperson, Central Board of Secondary Education Guidance and Support: • Sh.
Anurag Tripathi, IRPS, Secretary, Central Board of Secondary Education • Dr. Biswajit Saha, Director (Skill Education & Training), Central Board of Secondary Education Editorial Inputs and Advisory: • Dr. Joseph Emmanuel, Director (Academics), Central Board of Secondary Education Value-adder, Curator and Coordinator: • Dr. Praggya M. Singh, Joint Secretary, Academics unit, Central Board of Secondary Education Review: • Professor R. P. Singh, Department of MEL, Lucknow University • Dr. Monali Bhattacharya, Associate Professor, JIIT, NOIDA Initial Draft Preparation Team: • Dr. Praggya M. Singh, Joint Secretary, Academics unit, Central Board of Secondary Education.
• Dr. Sweta Singh, Joint Secretary, Academics unit, Central Board of Secondary Education • Dr. Jitendra Nagpal, Life Skills and Mental Health Expert • Ms. Sudha Acharya, Principal, ITL Public School, Dwarka • Dr. Heena Rachh, Principal, GIIS, Abu Dhabi, UAE Infographics: • Ms. Pooja Chawla and Ms. Aarushi Jain, CBSE Acknowledgements 5 Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................5 CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................11 CHAPTER 2 : 21ST CENTURY SKILLS ..............................................................................13 2.1.
Meaning of 21st Century Skills ..................................................................14 Background Literature Review ...................................................................14 2.2.

CHAPTER 3 : COMPONENTS OF 21ST CENTURY SKILLS 3Ls : 4Cs, IMT, FLIPS .................................................................................17 An easy way to understand and remember the classification is ...................18 3.1.

3.2.
3.2.

Definitions ...............................................................................................20 CHAPTER 4 : NEED OF 21ST CENTURY SKILLS ...............................................................23 4.1.

Why do we need 21st Century Skills?

.........................................................24 4.2.

National Curriculum Framework on Life Skills( one of the components of 21st Century Skills) ...........................................................24 4.3.
Need and Inter-Connectedness of 21st Century Skills at Various Age-Levels ...............................................................................................25 5.1.

CHAPTER 5 : IMPLEMENTATION AND OUTCOMES OF 21ST CENTURY SKILLS ...............33 Various Frameworks .................................................................................34 5.1.1.

Core Areas ....................................................................................35 5.1.2.
21st Century Themes ......................................................................35 5.1.2.1.

Global Awareness ...................................................................35 5.1.2.2.

Financial, Economic, Business and Entrepreneurial Literacy ........35 5.1.2.3.

Civic Literacy ...........................................................................35 5.1.2.4.

Health Literacy ........................................................................36 5.1.2.5.
Environmental Literacy .............................................................36 Broad Outcomes of 21st Century Skills ......................................................37 5.2.

CHAPTER 6 : 21ST CENTURY SKILLS: PURPOSE, OUTCOMES, STRATEGIES AND ACTIVITIES ......................................................................................42 6.1.

Critical Thinking ......................................................................................45 6.1.1.
Activities ........................................................................................47 6.1.1.1.

Adla Badli (Impromptu Debate) ................................................48 6 21st Century Skills : A Handbook 6.2.

6.3.

6.4.

6.5.

6.6.

6.1.1.2.

Ask yourself (Self-made Questions) ..........................................48 6.1.1.3.

Gap Fill In ..............................................................................48 6.1.1.4.
Pucho to Samjhe (Cross-Questioning) ......................................48 6.1.1.5.

Gol Mol (Asking Riddles) ..........................................................48 Creativity And Innovation .........................................................................49 6.2.1.

Activities ........................................................................................51 6.2.1.1.

Image talk ..............................................................................52 6.2.1.2.

S.C.A.M.P.E.R.
S.C.A.M.P.E.R.

.........................................................................52 6.2.1.3.

Wrong is Right.........................................................................52 6.2.1.4.

Creative Space ........................................................................52 6.2.1.5.

Alternative way of learning Lesson ............................................52 6.2.2.

Activities ........................................................................................53 6.2.2.1.
Project Based Learning ............................................................53 6.2.2.1.1.

Phenomena Based Learning ..............................................53 6.2.2.2.

Virtual Reality ..........................................................................54 6.2.2.3.

Two is Enough .........................................................................54 6.2.2.4.

Let them Free ..........................................................................54 6.2.2.5.
Give them a Break ..................................................................54 Collaboration ..........................................................................................54 6.3.1.

Activities ........................................................................................56 6.3.1.1.

‘Save the Last Word for Me’ .....................................................56 6.3.1.2.

Hands-on projects ...................................................................56 6.3.1.3.
Integrate Sports in Teaching-Learning .......................................56 6.3.1.4.

Search to Win .........................................................................56 6.3.1.5.

Dumbcharades .......................................................................57 Communication .......................................................................................57 6.4.1.

Activities ........................................................................................60 6.4.1.1.
Guide for the blindfolded ........................................................60 6.4.1.2.

No-talk day ............................................................................61 6.4.1.3.

Feelings are Important .............................................................61 6.4.1.4.

Talk-in-Pairs ............................................................................61 6.4.1.5.
Student’s Class ........................................................................61 Information, Media and Technology Literacy ..............................................62 6.5.1.

Activities ........................................................................................64 6.5.1.1.

Know-How ..............................................................................64 6.5.1.2.

Design an App ........................................................................64 6.5.1.3.
Designing a Blog, Website, PPT ................................................64 Flexibility and Adaptability ........................................................................65 6.6.1.

Activities ........................................................................................66 6.6.1.1.

Different Uses of Household Items ...........................................67 Table of Contents 7 6.7.

6.8.

6.9.

6.6.1.2.


Make up a New Game ............................................................67 6.6.1.3.

Shuffle ....................................................................................67 6.6.1.4.

Surprise-Surprise .....................................................................67 6.6.1.5.

Flipped Classroom ..................................................................68 Leadership and Responsibility ...................................................................69 6.7.1.
Activities ........................................................................................71 6.7.1.1.

Quiz to Lead ...........................................................................71 6.7.1.2.

Number Game .......................................................................71 6.7.1.3.

Leaders You Admire.................................................................72 6.7.1.4.

Round Tables ..........................................................................72 6.7.1.5.
Do Se Bhale Chaar (Teamwork is Better) ...................................72 6.7.2.

Activities ........................................................................................72 6.7.2.1.

Making Own classroom Rules ..................................................73 6.7.2.2.

Helping hands ........................................................................73 6.7.2.3.

Break the chain .......................................................................73 6.7.2.4.

WANTED!
WANTED!

Responsible.. ...........................................................73 Initiative and Self-Direction .......................................................................73 6.8.1.

Activities ........................................................................................74 6.8.1.1.

Bunch of Activities ...................................................................75 6.8.1.2.

Everyone Matters .....................................................................75 6.8.1.3.
Teacher First ............................................................................75 6.8.1.4.

Teamwork ...............................................................................75 6.8.2.

Activities ........................................................................................75 6.8.2.1.

Self-Advocacy .........................................................................76 6.8.2.2.
Let them Be .............................................................................76 6.8.2.3.

Connections to Experts ............................................................76 6.8.2.4.

Design Thinking ......................................................................76 Productivity and Accountability ..................................................................77 6.9.1.

Activities ........................................................................................77 6.9.1.1.
Research Project ......................................................................78 6.9.1.2.

Expo 2020 ..............................................................................78 6.9.1.3.

Praise for More .......................................................................78 6.9.1.4.

Read-Read ..............................................................................78 6.9.1.5.

Ask and Listen .........................................................................78 6.9.2.
Activities ........................................................................................79 6.9.2.1.

Student Accountability Project ...................................................80 6.9.2.2.

Monitors and In -Charges ........................................................80 6.9.2.3.

Ownership of the learning Process ...........................................80 6.9.2.4.
Do as you say .........................................................................80 8 21st Century Skills : A Handbook 6.10.

Social and Cross-Cultural Interaction ........................................................81 6.10.1.

Activities ......................................................................................83 6.10.1.1.

Relay Culture ........................................................................84 6.10.1.2.
Face It ..................................................................................84 6.10.1.3.

"Social" Circle Time ................................................................84 CHAPTER 7 : SOME FACILITATION METHODS ..............................................................85 CHAPTER 8 : CBSE ACTIVITIES TO PROMOTE 21ST CENTURY SKILLS ............................92 Table of Contents 9 Curtain Raiser Do you remember us?

We are Uday and Roshni.

We met you in Handbook for Students.


In that Handbook, we got to know how to ready ourselves for the 21st Century.

We are again with you.

This time we have brought a ready reckoner on 21st Century Skills for all of you.

We studied a lot, researched various digital resources and prepared this ready reckoner.

DISCLAIMER: ALL READERS MAY PLEASE NOTE THAT WE HAVE USED SEVERAL FACTS,CARTOONS AND IMAGES, WHICH HAVE BEEN TAKEN FROM VARIOUS SOURCES ON THE INTERNET.
ALL THESE HAVE BEEN USED BY US FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY, AND NOT FOR ANY KIND OF COMMERCIAL USE.

WE ARE GRATEFUL TO THE CREATORS OF THESE FACTS,IMAGES AND CARTOONS AND GRATEFULLY ACKNOWLEDGE THEIR CONTRIBUTION.

10 21st Century Skills : A Handbook CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Let us begin by asking a question to ourselves!

What or who is the centre of all activities in a society, a nation and the world?

Is it not by an individual, for an individual?

Yes!
Yes!

It is so because all actions are taken by an individual, for another or for self.

This means that an individual is the nucleus of everything that happens or is done.

And, therefore, the development of a society, a nation and the world go hand-in-hand with the development of an individual.

When a society/ nation/ world develops, this has a direct impact upon the development of an individual and vice-versa.
With the onset of the 21st century, the entire world has witnessed an era of intense transformation in all areas, whether it is education, global trade and economy, technology or society.

Recently, the covid-19 pandemic is also throwing up challenges for an individual to cope with its impacts.

times, a different Naturally, skill–set is required that would enable an individual to cope-up and succeed in facing the challenges in real-life, leading to his holistic progress.
These skills are addressed as 21st Century Skills/ Learning Skills/ Transversal Competencies etc.

for such Thus, the 21st Century Skills are the skills that are required by an individual for his/ her holistic development so that he/she can contribute to the progress and development of his society/ nation and world.

Empowering our students with these skills is another challenging task, which the Board is committed to accomplish.
While the Board has already adopted and initiated several innovative policies and practices to empower our students with the 21st century skills, it is required that all CBSE stakeholders should not only have a clear understanding of them, but also collectively collaborate 12 towards attaining the 21st century skills in each learner.

The present Handbook on 21st Century Skills has been prepared with the same aim.

Do we remember all the marks that we scored in class 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and so on?
Some of the greatest and most successful people were neither ‘A graders’, nor do they care enough about it to try and remember their graders either.

But we do remember the incidents/ experiences that we had in school/ in market/ with friends/in travels, because those experiences have given us various skills and have made us what we are today.

In fact, more the skills we gain through our experiences, the better the human beings we become.

21st Century Skills : A Handbook CHAPTER 2 21ST CENTURY SKILLS 2.1.
Meaning of 21st Century Skills The Glossary of Education defines 21st Century Skills1 as follows: “The term 21st century skills refers to a broad set of knowledge, skills, work habits, and character traits that are believed— by educators, school reformers, college professors, employers, and others—to be critically important to success in today’s world.” In simple terms, 21st Century Skills refer to the skills that are required to enable an individual to face the challenges of the 21st century world that is globally-active, digitally collaboratively moving forward, creatively progressing, seeking competent human-resource and quick in adopting changes.
transforming, 2.2.

Background Literature Review Since the beginning of life on earth, understanding of the skills to survive and live began.

Survival of the fittest itself tells us the importance of Life Skills.

Over the last twenty five years, several institutions and international organisations have proposed frameworks and outlined competencies needed to address twenty- first century challenges.
• The Delors Report (1996) produced by the International Commission on Education for the Twenty-first Century proposed one of the first frameworks formulated to identify competencies needed in the coming century.

The Delors Report also four principles identified as the Four Pillars of Education: to Know, Learning Learning to Do, Learning to Be and Learning to Live Together.2 • Wagner (2010) and the Change Leadership Group3 at Harvard University identified another set of competencies and skills.
Informed by several hundred interviews with business, non- profit and education leaders, Wagner stressed that students need seven survival skills to be prepared for twenty-first century life, work and citizenship: 4 Critical thinking and problem solving 4 Collaboration and leadership 4 Agility and adaptability 4 Initiative and entrepreneurialism 4 Effective oral and written communication 4 Accessing and analysing information 4 Curiosity and imagination • Asia-Pacific Economic The Cooperation (APEC) has identified the development of twenty-first century competencies among youth as a ‘pressing international concern’.
These competencies are defined as the knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary to be competitive in the 1 https://www.edglossary.org/21st-century-skills/ accessed on 13.03.2020 2 Adapted from UNESCO Working Paper’The Future of Learning 2) 3 Adapted from UNESCO Working Paper’The Future of Learning 2) 14 21st Century Skills : A Handbook • century workforce to twenty-first participate appropriately in an increasingly diverse society, use new technologies and cope with rapidly changing workplaces.
Partnership for 21st Century Skills (P21), a coalition of business leaders and educators, proposed a Framework for 21st Century Learning, identified essential competencies and skills vital for success in twenty-first century work and life (P21, 2007a, 2011).

These included ‘The 4Cs’ – communication, collaboration, critical thinking and creativity, which are to be taught within the context of core subject areas and twenty-first century themes.
This framework is based on the assertion that twenty-first century challenges will demand a broad skill set emphasizing core subject skills, social and cross-cultural skills, proficiency in languages other than English, and an understanding of the economic and political forces that affect societies.4 Thus, when we chart development, developments emerge: the the historical following major Delors Report • Learning to Know, Learning to Do, Learning to Live Together and Learning to Be • Decision-Making and Problem-Solving; • Creative Thinking and Critical Thinking; • Communication and Interpersonal Skills; • Self-Awareness and Empathy; • Coping with Emotions and Coping with Stress.
WHO Life Skills: • The document ‘21st Century Skills and Competences for New Millennium Learners in OECD Countries’ details three major i) Communication, dimensions ii) Information and , iii) Ethics and Social Impact.
the 21st Century Skills: for OECD • P21 provided eleven competencies, gisted into 3 skill sets: i) Learning and Innovation Skills, ii) Information, Media and Technological Skills, iii) Life and Career Skills P21 4 Adapted from UNESCO Working Paper’The Future of Learning 2) 15 Chapter 2 : 21st Century Skills • ATCS categorized 21st century skills into four types: i) Ways of Thinking, ii) Ways of Working, iii)Tools for Working and, iv) Living in the World.
ATCS • Revisited and divided all above -researched Skills into Learning to Know, Learning to Do, Learning to Live UNESCO Working Paper 16 21st Century Skills : A Handbook CHAPTER 3 COMPONENTS OF 21ST CENTURY SKILLS 3 Ls : 4Cs, IMT, FLIPS On the basis of the historical development of 21st Century Skills, it can be stated that 21st century skills broadly consist of three main skill sets or 3 Ls - namely, Learning Skills, Life Skills and Literacy Skills.
• Learning Skills: skills required for the acquisition of new knowledge.

• • Literacy Skills: skills that help in creating and gaining new knowledge through reading, media and digital resources Life Skills: successfully leading everyday life.

required skills for 3.1.


An easy way to understand and remember the classification is 4Cs: Critical Thinking, Creativity & Innovation, Collaboration, Communication IMT: Information Literacy, Media Literacy, Technology Literacy FLIPS: Flexibility and Adaptability, Leadership and Responsibility, Initiative and Self-Direction, Social and Cross-Cultural Interaction • • • 18 21st Century Skills : A Handbook Please note that this is not an exhaustive list.

There are more as given ahead.


19 Chapter 3 : Components of 21st Century Skills — 3 Ls : 4Cs, IMT, FLIPS 3.2.

Definitions S.NO.

SKILL DEFINITION 1.

Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Critical Thinking is the capability of objective analysis of information and includes the following qualities: • • fairness and open-mindedness; activeness and being informed; • willingness to question or to entertain doubts; • • being independent.
the media recognizing and assessing values, peer pressure and (for a creative influences understanding of critical thinking, refer to CBSE’s comic book ‘Cogito’) Problem Solving is the skill of: • • • identifying the relevant piece of information when faced with a mass of data (most of which is irrelevant), discarding information that may not be useful to give new information, and finally, relating one set of information to another in a different form by using experience, relating new problems to ones we have previously solved.
2.

Creativity And Innovation These are the skills to explore and create fresh ways of thinking.

Creativity refers to new way of seeing or doing things and includes four components: • • • • fluency (generating new ideas), flexibility (shifting perspective easily), originality (conceiving of something new), and elaboration (building on others' ideas).

Innovative Skills mean skills for thinking creatively to develop something new/ unique / improved / distinctive.

20 21st Century Skills : A Handbook 3.


Collaboration Collaboration is the ability to effectively work together with others.

This skill involves working together while taking actions respecting others’ needs and perspectives and contributing to and accepting the finale.

Collaboration helps to develop interest and fun in the teaching learning process.

It effectively broadens the cultural, social, and environmental boundaries and helps a child to understand social and environmental concerns better.

4.
4.

Communication Communication refers to the ability to express one’s opinions, desires, needs, apprehensions etc.

oneself appropriately, verbally and non-verbally.

Information Literacy, Media Literacy, Technology Literacy These skills involve the ability to access information (traditional or digital), media and technology, to understand and critically evaluate different aspects of content and information and create and communicate effectively.

5.

6.
5.

6.

Flexibility And Adaptability Flexibility and Adaptability refer to a person’s ability to change his actions and steps taken by him according to a new situation, and efficiently facing an unprecedented sitiation, without compromising on ethics and values.

Adaptability can be defined as creating modifications or changes in oneself to suit the new environment.
For students, these can be understood as the skills required to be flexible and adaptive to the situations around them and find the best possible solution to go forward despite adverse conditions.

Leadership is the ability to lead a team and be capable of effective team management in relation to real world challenges.
These skills teach a child how to support the development of key personal qualities such as perseverance, being committed and responsible, resilience and self-confidence and how to foster a commitment to life-long learning.

21 7.

Leadership And Responsibility Chapter 3 : Components of 21st Century Skills — 3 Ls : 4Cs, IMT, FLIPS Being Responsible means being a good and effective/ sensitive citizen.
Be aware of the important social and national issues that may have an impact on our daily lives both as a human-being and as a student, be aware of the important social and national issues that may have an impact on lives in future both as a human -being and as a student, be aware of our fundamental duties and rights and embed the core democratic values of India and strive to live by them.

8.

9.

Initiative And Self- Direction Initiation skill involves the ability to begin a task independently.
It helps the child to build his/her own path of development.

Self-direction is a skill to work with integrity on self- motivation and taking initiatives.

Productivity And Accountability Productivity in the student can be understood as fulfilment of any task within a given time period.

Accountability can be understood as feeling responsible for any task done.
Developing these skills in a student helps him/her to work effectively and also make him/ her reliable for other peers by being accountable for his/her actions.

10.
10.

Social And Cross- Cultural Interaction the These are communicate, work collaboratively and effectively in diverse social and cultural environments skills to Please note :“There is no single widely-accepted definition of ‘21st Century Skills’.”5 5 https://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/Images/461811-the-cambridge-approach- to-21st-century-skills-definitions-development-and-dilemmas-for-assessment-.pdf 22 21st Century Skills : A Handbook CHAPTER 4 NEED OF 21ST CENTURY SKILLS 4.1.
Why do we need 21st Century Skills?

4 is able Learning is complete and holistic to only when a student effectively perform and fulfil his/her responsibilities and duties towards self, school, family, society and above all, the nation.

The goal is to enable today’s student to be a good citizen and a responsible human-being who is well-aware of his potential and competence.

4 Simply teaching to test or learning for exams is not going to help a student face everyday life situations.
21st Century Skills are key to the empowerment of Children and adolescents to deal with the issues and concerns related to their life.

They experience a number of feelings, many of which are related to their growth and development from childhood to adolescence and beyond.

4 These are important for Children with Special Needs for developing their independence in their home, school, and community environments.
Andreas Schleicher, OECD Education Directorate, 20106 explains the need for 21st century skills as follows: “Today, because of rapid economic and social change, schools have to prepare students for jobs that have not yet been created, technologies that have not yet been invented and problems that we don't yet know will arise.” 4.2.

National Curriculum Framework on Life Skills (one of the components of 21st Century Skills) Life Skills are one of the components of 21st Century Skills.
We shall deal with these in detail in the following sections.

The need of Life Skills is also stated in the National Curriculum Framework (2005).

We have already seen above that Life Skills constitute an important part of the 21st Century Skills.
The importance of the integration of Life Skills can be seen in the following excerpts from the National Curriculum Framework (2005): • “Development of life skills such as critical thinking skills, interpersonal communication skills, negotiation/ refusal skills, decision making/ problem solving skills and coping and self- management skills is/are also very critical for dealing with the demands and challenges of everyday life.” • learning “The process of acquiring a sense of self is linked to physiological changes, and also to negotiate the social and psychological demands of being young adults.
Responsible handling of issues like independence, intimacy, and peer group dependence are concerns that need to be recognized and 6 https://www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/Images/461811-the-cambridge-approach- to-21st-century-skills-definitions-development-and-dilemmas-for-assessment-.pdf accessed on 14.03.2020 24 21st Century Skills : A Handbook appropriate support be given to cope with them.” lives, manage peer pressure and deal with gender stereotypes.” • social “It is important to recognize that adolescents and need emotional support that may require reinforcement of norms of positive behaviour, development of life skills essential to cope with the risky situations that they encounter in their • Health & Physical Education has the potential to motivate learners like to acquire generic agility, balance coordination and life skills, especially critical and thinking, communication, creative problem solving, decision making, management of emotions and stress.
skills 4.3.

Need and Inter- Connectedness of 21st Century Skills at Various Age-Levels collaboration within and between groups will catalyze creativity, which in turn will facilitate multidisciplinary innovation.”7 An individual’s needs of skill–sets vary at different age-levels.

Skills required by an adolescent may differ from the ones required by a pre-teen.
However, one important point to note is that, whatever may be the age level, an individual’s personality develops through effective inculcation of 21st century skills, and all these skills are inseparable and develop in cohesion with each other.

For example, Social Skill is a part of Life Skills and Communication comes under Learning Skills.
But development of Social Skills will be incomplete without developing effective Communication Skills; similarly, a creative person is more likely to be self- directed and innovative and research has also proven that Innovations are often done through Collaboration.

An article published on Research Gate states, “IT-endowed This inter-connectedness of skills at different age-levels is evident from the detailed table given below.
This table is in fact prepared on the basis of the recommendations stated in the NCF (2005) and several discussions8 held at various forums.

These discussions have centered around: What Core Skills are required at what age and what other 21st Century Skills aid the development of the Core Skills?

These Core Skills are actually the Core Life Skills given by WHO in 1999 which have also been adopted by CBSE in its Life Skills Programme.
table delineates This the mutual- connectedness of Core Life Skills and other components of the 21st Century Skills for the development of an individual’s self at various age-levels.
7 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220474984_Creativity_Innovation_and_E- Collaboration accessed on 14.03.2020 8 MHRD Chintan Shivir on Life Skills 25 Chapter 4 : Need of 21st Century Skills Age Dimensions of Self of an Individual 3-5 Years Understanding and Expressing Self Core Life Skills 21st Century Skills Learning Outcomes Self- Awareness Communication • Identifies parts of human body • Expresses needs and emotions • Demonstrates personal hygiene • Recognizes safe and unsafe touch • Seeks help Enhancing Self Problem solving Critical Thinking, Communication • Building and Maintaining Relationships Managing Emotions Communication, Social Skills, Creative Thinking, Flexibility • • Solves problems by demonstrating curiosity, exploration and observation Approaches and responds to people beyond primary caregiver Interacts with objects in the environment Age Dimensions of Self Core Life Skills 21st century Skills Learning Outcomes 6-10 Years Understanding and Accepting Self Self-Awareness, Effective Communication, Decision making Critical Thinking • Demonstrates positive view of self • Demonstrates positive body image and celebrates oneself • • Identifies what s/he is good at and where help is required Recognizes gender stereotypes 26 21st Century Skills : A Handbook Social Skills, Adaptability • Demonstrates healthy habits Managing and Expressing Self Self-Awareness, Effective Communication, Managing Emotions, Critical thinking, Decision Making, Problem Solving Enhancing Self Self -Awareness, Effective Problem Solving Social Skills, Communication, Critical Thinking, Creative Thinking • • • Identifies needs and emotions Expresses needs and emotions assertively Respects boundaries for self and others • Differentiates between safe and unsafe behaviours • • • • • • Participates in staying safe Explores their area of interest Represents ideas using expressive Forms Participates in class activities involving speaking in front of groups Participates in group activities using interaction skills Takes
 responsibilities in classroom activities Building and Maintaining Relationships Empathy, Interpersonal Relationships, Problem Solving Critical Thinking, Creative Thinking, Communication, Initiative • Demonstrates understanding of others' viewpoints and emotions • Respects differences and diversity • Demonstrates alignment with collective goals • Contributes in achievement of collective goals 27 Chapter 4 : Need of 21st Century Skills • Exhibits sharing and caring behaviour towards family and friends • Cares for the environment Age Dimensions of Self Core Skills 21st Century Skills Learning Outcomes 11- 13 Years Understanding and Accepting Self Decision Making, Self-Awareness, Problem Solving Critical Thinking, Creative Thinking, Social Skills, Effective Communication, • Describes physical, psychological and socio-emotional changes in self and peers • Demonstrates comfort with changes during adolescence Explains strategies to enhance strengths and improve upon weaknesses Expresses what s/he values about oneself • • • Displays healthy habits consistently • Demonstrates healthy expression of needs, thoughts and emotions • Demonstrates ownership of one's actions • Manages expectations of self and others to prevent stress • Discerns different influences (peers, media) and makes informed and responsible choices Managing and Expressing Self Self-Awareness, Managing Emotions, Decision Making, Problem Solving, Empathy Communication, Creative Thinking, Social Skills, Critical Thinking, Information/ Technology/ Media Literacy 28 21st Century Skills : A Handbook Enhancing Self Self-Awareness, Decision Making, Problem Solving, interpersonal Relationships, empathy, Communication, Creative thinking, Critical Thinking, Flexibility, Initiative, Productivity • • • • • • Identifies online and offline safe and unsafe situations Practices safety guidelines for self and others Participates in staying safe Accesses support systems when needed practice responsible use of social media
 Exhibits readiness to work and interact with diverse groups • Demonstrates multiple • constructive roles in diverse settings Participates in interest- based projects demonstrating innovation and creativity • Manages routines and resources Building and Maintaining Relationships Self-Awareness, Managing Emotions, Empathy, Interpersonal Relationships, , Decision Making, Problem Solving Critical Thinking, Effective Communication, Creative Thinking • • Identifies and builds positive relationships Identifies harmful relationships • Deals effectively with harmful relationships to reduce/minimize harm • Builds harmonious relationships with friends, family and environment 29 Chapter 4 : Need of 21st Century Skills • • States commonalities with the group and individual uniqueness Identifies stereotypes and stigmas in day to day life • Questions and challenges the stigmas and stereotypes and builds arguments around it Identifies causes of conflicts and responds appropriately • • Make responsible decisions about sexual behaviour Age Dimensions of Self Core Skills 21st Century Skills Learning Outcomes 14- 18 Years Understanding and Accepting Self Self-Awareness, Decision making, Problem Solving, Managing Emotions, Empathy Social Skills Critical Thinking, Creative Thinking, Communication, Information/ Technology/ Media Literacy • Relates to various experiences of growing up that have contributed to their development • Demonstrates and expresses comfort with all aspects of their personality (including individual differences) Accesses information and analyzes it to distinguish between facts and myths • • Questions/ Challenges myths and demonstrate behaviour informed by scientific thinking • Demonstrates individual and social identity that s/he values 30 21st Century Skills : A Handbook Critical Thinking, Communication, Creative Thinking • Makes healthy choices related to hygiene, nutrition and physical activity Managing and Expressing Self Empathy, Self- Awareness, Managing
 Emotions, Problem Solving, Inter-personal relationships • Analyzes different influences and makes informed and responsible choices (in the interest of self and others) • Demonstrates skills to manage emotions effectively • Minimizes stress • • by identifying and delivering on realistic expectations Recognizes, resists, challenges, seeks help, reports concerns and incidents of safety and security related to self and others Analyzes thoughts and does not engage in behaviours that compromise safety and security of self and others • Demonstrates • • responsible behaviours that minimize risk and reduce harm Accesses and provides support individually and collectively when required Exhibits personal and interpersonal skills necessary for independent living 31 Enhancing Self Self-Awareness, Decision Making, Problem Solving, Interpersonal Relationships, Empathy Communication, Creative Thinking, Critical Thinking Chapter 4 : Need of 21st Century Skills • Identifies goals, motivates self, plans and manages resources to achieve them • Motivates self and team members to achieve shared goals • Exhibits language to communicate about their skills, knowledge and career potential.
32 21st Century Skills : A Handbook CHAPTER 5 IMPLEMENTATION AND OUTCOMES OF 21ST CENTURY SKILLS 5.1.

Various Frameworks through imbibed The 21st Century skills are essentially the outcome of experiential learning, i.e.

they are observing, understanding, practising and experiencing.

the Before beginning details about implementation of the in teaching-learning process, let us understand what various frameworks propound in this area.
The following literature-review brings forth a few important points: these skills 4 Ackerman and Perkins (1989)9 have suggested teaching thinking skills as a “meta-curriculum” blended with core subjects.

Students would be given a far more coherent set of learning experiences—they would know why they were being taught various “skills,” and they would know better how to mobilize themselves to make sense of curriculum content.
4 Tucker and Codding of the US-based National Center on Education and the Economy (1998) have advised to adopt such a curriculum that provides deeper understanding of the subject and the ability to apply that understanding to the complex, real-world problems that the student will face as an adult’10.
4 The US-based Partnership for 21st Century Skills, a coalition of business leaders and educators, proposed a Framework for 21st Century Learning, which identified essential competencies and skills vital for success in twenty-first century work and life.
This framework is based on the assertion that twenty- first century challenges will demand a broad skill set emphasizing core subject skills, social and cross-cultural skills, proficiency in languages other than English, and an understanding of the economic and political forces that affect societies11.
collaboration Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills (ATC21S project 2013)12: The among international academics, governments and three major technology companies (ATC21S 2013) researchers concluded that 21st Century skills can be grouped into four broad categories: (i) ways of thinking; (ii) ways of working; (iii) tools for working; and (iv) skills for living in the world (Binkley, Erstad, Herman, Raizen, Ripley and Rumble, 2010).
Within these categories, they identified ten skills as encapsulating all others and accommodating all approaches.

In particular, problem-solving, and ICT operations and concepts, are listed by all organisations in the following table.

Communication, collaboration, and information literacy.
9 http://www.ascd.org/publications/books/61189156/chapters/Integrating-Thinking-and- Learning-Skills-Across-the-Curriculum.aspx accessed on 14.03.2020 10 https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000242996 pp 2-3 accessed on 14.03.2020 11 https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000242996 pp 2-3 accessed on 14.03.2020 12 The Cambridge approach to 21st Century skills: definitions, development and dilemmas for assessment IAEA Conference, Singapore, 2014, Irenka Suto and Helen Eccles, Cambridge Assessment 34 21st Century Skills : A Handbook Categorisation of 21st Century Skills : Various Frameworks ATC21S 21st C skills reviewed by ATC21S 21st Century skill category Ways of thinking Ways of working 21st century skills Creativity & innovation Critical thinking, Problem solving Decision making Learning to learn metacognition Communication Collaboration Tools for working Information literacy ICT literacy Living in the world ICT operation and concepts Citizenship Life and career Personal and Social Responsibility Partnership for 21st C skills (2013) Creativity & innovation Critical thinking Problem solving Decision making Communication Collaboration Information literacy Media literacy ICT operation and concepts Lisbon Council (2007) Problem solving ISTE NETS (2013) ETS Skill (2013) Creativity & innovation Critical thinking Problem solving Decision making Creativity & innovation Critical thinking Problem solving Collaboration Communication Communication Collaboration Information literacy Information literacy Information literacy ICT operation and concepts ICT operation and concepts ICT operation and concepts Initiative Flexibility Leadership Flexibility Adaptability Initiative Self-direction two elements essential Thus, the above literature brings forth the the implementation of 21st Century Skills in the teaching-learning process.
These are: Core Subjects/Areas and 21st Century Themes: for 5.1.1.

Core Areas: These include Native Language/Reading, World Language(s) including English, Arts, Geography, History, Mathematics, Science, Government/Civics.

5.1.2.

21st Century Themes 5.1.2.1.

Global Awareness 4 Understand other cultures and languages from other nations 5.1.2.2.
Financial, Economic, Business and Entrepreneurial Literacy 4 Making appropriate personal economic selections 4 Knowing the role of the economy in everyday life 4 Enhancing productivity and career options.

5.1.2.3.

Civic Literacy 4 Learn from and work in collaboration with individuals from diverse cultures, countries religion etc.
4 Mutual respect everywhere and all communication/conversation 4 Effective participation in Civic Life 4 Staying informed about Governmental systems and processes 4 Exercising the rights and duties of 35 Chapter 5 : Implementation and Outcomes of 21st Century Skills being a responsible citizenship at local, state, national and global levels.

4 Understanding international decisions.

national and implications of civic 5.1.2.4.


Health Literacy 4 Awareness and understanding about basic health, safety and services related to that and using that to improve health 4 Knowledge and understanding of holistic wellbeing, including proper diet, nutrition, exercise and being stress - free 4 Awareness about impact of everyday life and actions, like rising pollution, population etc.
on the nature the 4 4 and Investigate issues affecting environment to reach proper conclusion and solutions analyze Individually and collectively acting for addressing issues and challenges related to environment This actually means implementing curricula having: framing and 4 21st century skills, core subjects and 21st century themes blended in to teaching-learning; 4 Using available information to make appropriate health-related decisions.
4 comprehensiveness flexibility; as well as 4 Establish and monitor personal and 4 family health goals.

content that promotes thinking and reasoning; 5.1.2.5.
Environmental Literacy 4 Knowledge and understanding of the environment and the circumstances and conditions that affect; 4 freedom for learner’s input and is interdisciplinary 36 21st Century Skills : A Handbook framework presents the The above implementation framework with a meta- curriculum, curriculum wherein the learning environment, and pedagogy, assessments are woven around Core Subjects and 21st Century themes.

5.2.

Broad Outcomes of 21st Century Skills S.NO.

SKILL OUTCOMES 1.
SKILL OUTCOMES 1.

Critical Thinking 1.

Effective reasoning 4 Being able to use reasoning appropriate to the situation 2.

Using Systems and Preocess with Intelligent and Rational Thinking 4 Analyze how various parts of a system/ process unite/complement each other for a complete picture 3.

Judging and Taking Decision on an issue after proper evaluation of evidences, claims, arguments etc.
4 Analyze and evaluate various perspectives 4 Making correlation between various types of information available 4 Interpret the available information and form conclusions after effective analysis 4 Reflect the pros and cons of experiences to solve problems 4 Devise innovative solutions of different kinds of non-familiar problems 4 Identify and ask relevant and vital questions to bring forth various perspectives and for getting better solutions 1.
Think Creatively 4 Use various techniques for creating and evolving new ideas (such as brainstorming) 4 Use all available concepts to create or conceive & perceive novel and useful ideas 4 Elaborate, refine, analyze and evaluate ideas to improve one’s own creative efforts 37 2 Creativity And Innovation Chapter 5 : Implementation and Outcomes of 21st Century Skills 2.
Work Creatively with Others 4 Develop, implement and communicate new ideas to others 4 Be open and responsive to diversity 4 incorporate group input and feedback into the work 4 understand the practical limits for adopting new ideas 4 Treat failure as an opportunity to learn and improve 3.
Implement Innovations 4 Implement creative ideas for a useful contribution 3 Collaboration Collaborate with Others 4 Ability to work effectively and respectfully in diverse scenarios 4 Be adaptable to accomplish a common goal 4 Assume shared responsibility for collaborative work, and value the individual contributions made by each team member 4 Communication Communicate Clearly 4 Effective oral, written and nonverbal communication in a variety of forms and diverse social, cultural, linguistic contexts 4 Listening effectively to infer meaning 4 Use communication for a variety of purposes and functions 4 Use several forms of media and technologies and know their effectiveness Information Literacy, Media Literacy, Technology Literacy 1.
Information Literacy 4 Efficiently and critically access and evaluation of Information 4 Use information accurately and creatively for resolving issue or problem 5 38 21st Century Skills : A Handbook 4 Manage the flow of information from a wide variety of sources 4 Apply a fundamental understanding of the ethical/legal issues surrounding the access and use of information 2.
Media Literacy 4 Understand the preparation and purpose of media messages 4 Examine various manners/ways of interpreting messages 4 Understand the ethical/legal issues regarding the access and use of media 4 Understand and utilize the most appropriate media creation tools, characteristics and conventions 4 Understand and effectively utilize the most appropriate expressions and interpretations in diverse, multi-cultural environments 3.
Technology Literacy 4 Use technology as a tool to research, organize, evaluate and communication information 4 Use digital technologies, communication networks, and tools to access, manage, integrate, evaluate and create information for functioning in the real life 1.

Ready to Change 4 Adapt to varied and multiple roles, jobs responsibilities, schedules and contexts 4 Work effectively in scenarios of changing priorities 2.
Be Flexible 4 Incorporate feedback effectively 4 Deal positively with praise, setbacks and criticism 4 Understand, negotiate and balance diverse views and beliefs to get solutions, particularly in multi-cultural environments 39 6 Flexibility And Adaptability Chapter 5 : Implementation and Outcomes of 21st Century Skills 7 Leadership And Responsibility 1.
Lead while Guiding 4 Use interpersonal and problem-solving skills to influence and guide others toward a goal 4 Involve strengths of others to accomplish a common goal 4 Inspire others to attain their best by example 4 Demonstrate integrity and ethical behaviour in using influence and power 2.

Be Responsible to Everyone 4 Act responsibly keeping in mind the welfare of society and nation 8 Initiative And Self-Direction 1.
Managing Goals and Time 4 Set goals with tangible and intangible success criteria 4 Utilize time and manage workload efficiently 2.

Work Independently 4 Monitor, define, prioritize and complete your tasks 3.

Be Self-Directed Learners 4 Explore new information to achieve mastery in a task 4 Take initiative to get skills up to the professional level 4 Be a life-long learner 4 Critically and positively analyse past to make the future better 1.
Manage Projects 4 Set and meet goals, even in the face of obstacles and competing pressures 4 Prioritize, plan and manage work to achieve the intended result 9 Productivity and Accountability 40 21st Century Skills : A Handbook 2.

Give Results 4 Practice values, ethics and skills of mangement, professionalism, punctuality, discipline, patience, collaboration and receptiveness to give proper results time 10 Social And Cross-Cultural Interaction 1.
Effective Interaction 4 Listen more 4 know when to speak 4 Behave respectfully 2.

Working in a team with diversity 4 Respect differences and work effectively with people from diverse backgrounds 4 Be open to various perspectives 4 Blend and use ideas from diverse teams to innovate and implement 41 Chapter 5 : Implementation and Outcomes of 21st Century Skills CHAPTER 6 21ST CENTURY SKILLS: PURPOSE, OUTCOMES, STRATEGIES AND ACTIVITIES Thinking is a skill in itself.
What we require is: 1) a set of information and beliefs, generating and processing skills, and 2) the habit, based on intellectual commitment, of using those skills to guide behaviour.

Thinking itself is a Skill.

How?

Skill is the ability to do something well.

Thinking is the processing of thoughts to consider or reason about something.

When thoughts are channelized and used properly to understand, analyse, interpret and reach to a conclusion, then it can be seen as thinking skill.
Anything when used systematically can do wonders; same goes with thinking.

We shall now go through the details of each of these skills to understand the purpose and outcomes along with the strategies and activities to develop these skills.

These suggestive strategies and activities have been crowd-sourced.

Please Note: These activities can be blended with the subjects during classroom transaction, or can be conducted in the zero period or integrated with Art and Sports.
43 Chapter 6 : 21st Century Skills: Purpose, Outcomes, Strategies and Activities 44 21st Century Skills : A Handbook 6.1.

Critical Thinking 45 Chapter 6 : 21st Century Skills: Purpose, Outcomes, Strategies and Activities We have already seen that ‘Thinking’ itself is a skill.

Every individual possesses the skill to think critically; it is only the degree and the motivation that varies.

Machiavellian thoughts are also an example of Critical Thinking but they are motivated with selfish ends.
When motivated with justice, values and integrity, Critical Thinking can be of a great service to humanity.

For this reason, the development of critical thinking skills and dispositions is a life-long endeavour.

Basis Fact/ Opinion/ Thought/Hypothesis etc.


• Analyzing • Arguing • Classifying • Comparing and contrasting • Defining • Describing • • • • Evaluating Explaining Problem solving Tracking cause and effect Purpose Critical thinking is required for a learner to think in a clear, rational, logical, and independent manner.

Strategy Move the comfort zone: • • It is important to shake the comfort zone of a learner/ student by cross questioning.
This cross questioning will make students uncomfortable and impatient to search for answer and think.

46 21st Century Skills : A Handbook 6.1.1.

ACTIVITIES 47 Chapter 6 : 21st Century Skills: Purpose, Outcomes, Strategies and Activities 6.1.1.1.

AdlaBadli (Impromptu Debate) It will be same as a debate activity.

4 Topics will be given to students and they will choose sides accordingly but on the day of activity the teacher will reverse the sides and will give some time to prepare.
4 This sudden change in sides will make children uneasy but they will also try to think differently for the changed sides.

6.1.1.2.

Ask yourself (Self-made Questions) 4 An activity can be organised in which students have to prepare questions other than the textbooks questions.

4 This exercise will help children to think differently for creating questions.

Teacher will see if the questions are original or not.

6.1.1.3.
6.1.1.3.

Gap Fill In 4 Give paper and pen to students and after showing a picture ask them to write on the top of the paper what is happening in the picture.

4 Then ask them to write at the bottom what you believe is happening in the picture.

4 In the space remaining blank write down what are the steps you take to come to the conclusion.

6.1.1.4.

Pucho to Samjhe (Cross-Questioning) 4 This is the extended version of ask yourself.
In this children will present their questions in front of the class and his/her peers will cross question him/her, like why this question, how this can happen etc.

4 This will encourage critical thinking in both the students who ask the question and who reply.

6.1.1.5.

GolMol (Asking Riddles) 4 In this activity, teacher will ask riddles from different subjects so that children need to think in different directions for different subjects 48 21st Century Skills : A Handbook 6.2.
Creativity And Innovation 49 Chapter 6 : 21st Century Skills: Purpose, Outcomes, Strategies and Activities recognize Creativity is the tendency to generate or ideas, alternatives, or possibilities that may be useful in solving problems, communicating with others, and entertaining ourselves and others.13 2.

3. innocent but not gullible , smart 4. playful yet disciplined, responsible.

5. both imaginative and romantic at one end, and firm with reality at the other.

How to know if I am a creative person14?


6. humble and firm You are a creative person, if you are : 1. energetic and restful as per need 7. passionate about your work, yet objective15.

Basis • Imagining • Accessing Information and Using Technology • Brainstorming • Questioning • • Entertaining Improvising • Overturning .
• Problem solving • Designing • Creating Purpose To encourage students to try and learn new things; To improve communication and social skills To develop lateral thinking To know there are multiple approaches to a situation Strategy 1.

Setting an example- Try a different ending to the existing story and ask your students.

Friends to explore new endings.

2.


Foster a Question-Friendly Environment (Ask why)- Encouraging students to develop the habit of asking “why” questions about information, ideas, and beliefs normally taken for granted.

13 Franken, Robert E. Human Motivation, 3rd ed.,page 396 14 Csikszentmihalyi.Mihaly Creativity - Flow and the Psychology of Discovery and Invention, pp 58-73 15 https://www.csun.edu/~vcpsy00h/creativity/define.htm accessed on 15.03.2020 50 21st Century Skills : A Handbook 6.2.1.
ACTIVITIES 51 Chapter 6 : 21st Century Skills: Purpose, Outcomes, Strategies and Activities 6.2.1.1.

Image talk 4 Under this activity, children will use a variety of images to talk and express their opinions and views.

They can use emojis, things like pencils, pens, tablets, board, notebook colours, etc.

whatever they can think of, for expressing their views.
4 This will help children to think differently from the normal pattern and also understanding through things will also help in opening the new way of thinking.

6.2.1.2.

S.C.A.M.P.E.R.

It is essentially exploring new ideas by testing and questioning them from different angles.

For each letter of the mnemonic, ask yourself a related question about your task or the problem at hand: 4 Substitute, e.g.

: What would happen to the task if we exchange X with Y?

4 Combine, e.g.
4 Combine, e.g.

: What would happen to the task if we combine X and Y?

4 Adapt, e.g.

: What changes would need to be made to adapt this task to a different context?

4 Modify, e.g.

: What could we modify to create more value on this task?

4 Put to another use, e.g.

: What other uses or applications might this task have?

4 Eliminate, e.g.

: What could we remove from the task to simplify it?

4 Reverse, e.g.

: How could we reorganize this task to make it more effective?
52 This method enables to approach a task or problem in unforeseen ways.

Each question needs deep thinking on the issue and considering new possibilities.

6.2.1.3.

Wrong is Right 4 In this activity, team of two individuals will be made and one individual will ask questions from the other individual and the first individual will have to give the wrong answers of the questions asked.

This activity will help children to think quickly and differently from the given answers.

6.2.1.4.
6.2.1.4.

Creative Space 4 This will include providing space for creative activities like drama, quiz, painting, music competition etc.

Teacher will make sure that these activities are held from time to time in the class so that children can get their creative space integrated with their curriculum.

6.2.1.5.
6.2.1.5.

Alternative way of learning Lesson 4 As part of the lesson, the teacher can also encourage creativity by asking children to present their own version of the story after the completion of the textbook story.

4 This will encourage children to become a storyteller.

Children can also present their stories in written form.

21st Century Skills : A Handbook 6.2.2.

ACTIVITIES 6.2.2.1.
ACTIVITIES 6.2.2.1.

Project Based Learning (PBL) 4 this method, Students In inquire, investigate and analyze a question or a problem or a challenging issue to find novel solutions.

6.2.2.1.1 Phenomena Based Learning (PhenoBL) 4 This is a multi-disciplinary and constructive way of teaching-learning which has a real-world phenomenon, like water, health, energy etc.

as the starting point, not the usual subjects as per the school culture.

It encourages a student to inquire, and be an active learner.
53 Chapter 6 : 21st Century Skills: Purpose, Outcomes, Strategies and Activities 6.2.2.2.

Virtual Reality 6.2.2.4.

Let them Free 4 Learning and interaction in 3D.

4 Understand 3D world through immersions to innovate in their chosen fields.

4 You can take them to mountain tops, gardens, historical places through 3D immersions for explaining their experiences later, on a situational topic.

6.2.2.3.

Two is Enough 4 Give children two shapes i.e.


rectangle, triangle and ask them to draw one thing using those shapes only.

For ex.

they can draw a car, an animal, a flower etc.

4 This will enhance the thinking power of the children and as a consequence will also improve their innovative skills.

6.3.

COLLABORATION 4 Take children outside the class and let them free.

Then ask them what all they see and how they can relate them to different subjects.
this, children 4 This will help children to expand their knowledge of the subject.

In addition with/to innovation/ innovation of children will also come out that/as to how they can relate different substances with the different subjects.

6.2.2.5.

Give them a Break 4 Giving children time off from the classes and give that time for their interests and hobbies.

When children spend time in what they love, that will help their brain to work more innovatively.
54 21st Century Skills : A Handbook Collaboration is the ability to effectively work with others.

This skill involves working together while taking actions, respecting others’ needs and perspectives and contributing to and accepting the final outcomes.

Collaboration helps to develop interest and fun in the teaching learning process.

It effectively broadens the cultural, social, and environmental boundaries and helps a child to understand social and environmental concerns better.
Basis • Allocating resources • Brainstorming • Decision-making • Delegating • Evaluating • Goal setting • Leading • Managing time • • Resolving conflicts Team building Purpose Collaborative Skills empower students to work together in groups to solve a given problem.

Strategy 1.

Model What We Expect : We need to faciliatate and model ourselves for what we aspire and expect our students to be and do.

2.

Teach Them How To Negotiate: Students need to understand that being loud does not mean being listened.
A good negotiator listens well, is patient and flexible, shares ideas and areas of consensus, and can think under pressure.

55 Chapter 6 : 21st Century Skills: Purpose, Outcomes, Strategies and Activities 6.3.1.

ACTIVITIES 6.3.1.1.

‘Save the Last Word for Me’ Children participate actively through speaking as well as listening.

They work in groups, share and discuss their responses and perspectives on an issue.
This can be used to build up their collaborative skills, critical thinking and problem solving skills.

6.3.1.2.

Hands-on projects Use Experiential Learning activities.

Refer to CBSE Handbook on Experiential Learning and Guidelines on Art Integrated Education.

56 6.3.1.3.

Integrate Sports in Teaching- Learning Sports encourages teamwork, collaboration and decision-making.

Integrating any sport activity to teach a difficult topic will involve everyone collaboratively.
Try indigenous games teaching MATHEMATICS.

like Mallakhamb for 6.3.1.4.

Search to Win In this, teacher will divide the students in groups of 4-5 and give them some questions whose answers children have to find through different clues given by teacher.

This will be a fun activity and collaboration is needed to complete this activity.

21st Century Skills : A Handbook 6.3.1.5.

Dumb charades In this activity, children will be divided into 4-5 groups.
The teacher will prepare chits with different concepts/topics written on them from the given subject.

Every group will be given the chance to guess the topics/ concepts by one member of that group charading or acting out the topic/concept.

While one member of the group charades, the rest of the children have to understand what is the concept/topic and guess it, for example photosynthesis, or Highest Common Factor, etc.
After guessing the concept/topic, the whole group has to answer a question on that concept/topic already kept ready by teacher.

This activity will be fun in learning lessons and this can be performed if students co-operate and collaborate with each other.

6.4.

COMMUNICATION Process of Communication Process of Communication needs three things: Message, Sender and Receiver/ Recipient.
57 Chapter 6 : 21st Century Skills: Purpose, Outcomes, Strategies and Activities 58 21st Century Skills : A Handbook Basis • Analysis of the situation • Choose a medium of communication • • • • Evaluating messages Listening intently and patiently Reading Speaking • Writing • Turn taking and initiation • Use of technology Purpose • • • • Provide information Seek Information Expression Build up social and interpersonal skills Strategy 1.
Reflective self: There can be a reflective class in which students can share their experiences, good or bad, or they can share a story/ incident/feeling/opinion which they have not shared with anybody so far.

This period will help children to listen carefully to each other and communication will also improve.

2.

Paired Communication: Teachers can divide the class into pairs of students and give them time to interact to know each other better.
The students will ask each other questions to know about the likes/dislikes/favourite sport/music/art/books, students etc.

They can then present the paired student to the class by talking about the uniqueness of that student.

This will show how much those two listened to each other.

Continuous practice of this will improve communication.

59 Chapter 6 : 21st Century Skills: Purpose, Outcomes, Strategies and Activities 6.4.1.

ACTIVITIES 6.4.1.1.
ACTIVITIES 6.4.1.1.

Guide for the blindfolded 4 Arrange your classroom in a way that is unfamiliar to the students, making sure that it is safe to get around.

4 Have students pair up.

One will wear a blindfold while the other is to function as the “eyes” and stand in a designated space.

4 The goal is for the eyes to guide the blindfolded partner through the classroom through a specific path using only words.

4 The fewer guidelines you provide the more creative the students’ methods will be.
60 21st Century Skills : A Handbook This activity will help students to know each other better and this will also improve communication among students.

6.4.1.5.

Student’s Class 4 Ask students to organise a class themselves in which they will choose the topic, present the topic, frame questions and activity related to the topic etc.

This activity will encourage conversations among children about how to organise the class and they will also learn the importance of maintaining the decorum of the class.
6.4.1.2.

No-talk day 4 Nonverbal communication is just as important, and it is easy to provide students with practice in following nonverbal cues: just don’t speak.

4 At the start of a day, use signals to let students know that the day will be spent using nonverbal communication, then continue to use signals throughout class when direction is required.

4 Make it known that you expect them to do the same.
Everyone will be amazed at how quickly a class “language” built on signals and nonverbal cues begins to form.

6.4.1.3.

Feelings are Important 4 In this activity, there will be a board with different feelings written on it.

Daily, students shall choose one from that feeling and give in written how they feel about that.

4 Teacher will take one period for dealing with that feeling and discuss them with the children.

Some children who need privacy to discuss, can be given separate time by the teacher.
6.4.1.4.

Talk-in-Pairs 4 Teacher will ask children to make pairs.

Pairs should be such that the two children in the pair do not know much about each other.

4 Teacher will give time to the class and they will talk to each other and get to know each other.

After that the teacher will ask questions from one student about the other student.

61 Chapter 6 : 21st Century Skills: Purpose, Outcomes, Strategies and Activities 6.5.
INFORMATION, MEDIA AND TECHNOLOGY LITERACY 62 21st Century Skills : A Handbook the from traditional Information, both sources like Books, Newspapers, etc and other digital sources like the Internet sites, social media, Apps etc.

is to be used effectively and judiciously by students.

It is to be seen carefully by the teachers that information available is used at all levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy.
They need to be able to remember, understand, apply, analyze, evaluate the given information and create new information .
Don Tapscott, in Growing Up Digital: How the Net Generation Is Changing Your World, gives the following eight reasons why students use technology16: 4 Freedom of expression 4 Facility to use it as per likings 4 Multiple resources of information 4 Open interaction 4 Blend of work and play 4 Connecting and collaborating 4 Exploring and Innovating Basis • Accessing Information • Collaborating • Communicating • Using Information • Analysing Information • Interpreting Information • Creating New Information Purpose IMT makes the learning environment more interesting than a traditional classroom environment and helps the students perform better in their respective careers.
Strategy Digital classroom: • With traditional blackboard, digital interactive boards should be placed in the classroom.

• This will aid in the teaching-learning process.

In teaching of lesson related to space, teachers can show videos of space to children for long lasting memories.
16 http://socium.ge/downloads/komunikaciisteoria/eng/Grown_Up_Digital_-_How_the_ Net_Generation_Is_Changing_Your_World_(Don_Tapscott).pdf accessed on 14.03.2020 63 Chapter 6 : 21st Century Skills: Purpose, Outcomes, Strategies and Activities 6.5.1.

ACTIVITIES 6.5.1.1.

Know-How 4 the this activity In teacher will demonstrate to the children how to search and where to search for information.
Then the teacher will give them topics to search and will see how children are searching and if they were following her instructions or not.

6.5.1.2.

Design an App 4 Students will be asked to identify a (environment/ societal / problem school related) and design an App using ICT to offer a viable solution to it.

4 Even if they do not have the technical knowhow to design an App, they will 64 design it on paper by preparing a detailed write-up on the why, what, how, etc.
of the App 4 This would also enhance their critical thinking and decision making.

6.5.1.3.

Designing a Blog, Website, PPT 4 Ask children to design a PPT or blog and see how they do that.

Tell them what all can be done in the PPT or blog.

4 This will help children to get information about how to use Powerpoint and Microsoft word etc.

21st Century Skills : A Handbook 6.6.

FLEXIBILITY AND ADAPTABILITY A tree that does not bend during storm gets uprooted.
That implies, flexibility and adaptability, without changing is the goal and values, and required.

Adaptability are the skills of an individual/ team to adjust or change oneself to best meet the needs of a situation or environment.
Flexibility Basis Purpose Strategy • Goal Setting • Seeking answers • Navigating for information • Collaborating with others • Improving • Creating • Sharing Flexibility is a critical quality of an individual/ team to adjust or change oneself to best meet the needs of a situation or environment.

1.

The Feedback Loop – This enables students to learn how to appreciate feedback and respond to it positively.
They learn to use feedback to improve what they are doing by finding new ways of finishing the task as suggested by the feedback.

This is the reinforcing feedback loop.

Secondly, students can use the feedback as a balancing strategy to find where they have been making mistakes, and rectify the same to increase productivity and effectivity.

This is called the balancing feedback loop.

65 Chapter 6 : 21st Century Skills: Purpose, Outcomes, Strategies and Activities 6.6.1.
ACTIVITIES 66 21st Century Skills : A Handbook 6.6.1.4.

Surprise-Surprise 4 Give children different activities to perform from time-to-time but don’t fix the activity.

4 For example, fix one period every Wednesday as an activity period, but don’t reveal the activity beforehand.

4 This will come as a surprise to the feel uncomfortable, but gradually they will learn to become flexible with this.

some may students; 6.6.1.1.


Different Uses of Household Items 4 Encourage thinking about things differently, like different utensils and furniture items to create individual music 4 Children learn to see things differently as they need to be flexible in their thinking for considering utensils as musical instruments.

6.6.1.2.

Make up a New Game 4 Invent new games by slightly changing the rules, or by taking rules from one game and adding them to another.
4 Changing the rules in a game can be very difficult for children who are inflexible.

4 For these children, it is important to play or create games in which rules do change frequently.

6.6.1.3.

Shuffle 4 Give students group activities and use a chit system for dividing the students into groups.

4 This random distribution of students the students will make most of uncomfortable but this is the challenge.

4 Students should be flexible enough to work with anybody in various conditions.
67 Chapter 6 : 21st Century Skills: Purpose, Outcomes, Strategies and Activities 6.6.1.5.

Flipped Classroom (https://in.pinterest.com/pin/851461873281378907/ accessed on 16.05.2020) 68 21st Century Skills : A Handbook 6.7.
LEADERSHIP AND RESPONSIBILITY Basis • Identifying goals collectively and individually • Creating a group and providing them chance to explore Purpose their own abilities Resolving issues Encouraging team members to attain their aims • • • Helping group members solve problems and improve performance • Acknowledging work done by each and everyone Leadership is the life skill that helps one learn the art of building relationships within teams, define identities and achieve tasks effectively.
Responsibility includes demonstrating integrity and ethical behaviour by the students towards building safe and positive classroom environment 69 Chapter 6 : 21st Century Skills: Purpose, Outcomes, Strategies and Activities 70 21st Century Skills : A Handbook 6.7.1.

ACTIVITIES 6.7.1.1.

Quiz to Lead 4 Hold a quiz competition, row-wise, in the classroom; make one leader per row; make rules of the game such that the leader will select the student who will answer.
4 This will develop leadership qualities among children and also motivate other children to develop leadership quality.

6.7.1.2.

Number Game 4 Divide the class into two groups and write the numbers 1 to 25 randomly on the floor with chalk.

4 Select two students to lead the groups and give them a few minutes to see the numbers, then start the game.
4 Every member of the team has to jump on each of the numbers, and say the number loudly so that other members can listen to the number; this requires a huge amount of coordination in the team.

4 Whichever team completes the game in less time will be the winner.

4 This activity will help the children to develop leadership skills as they have to manage their team to work in coordination.

71 Chapter 6 : 21st Century Skills: Purpose, Outcomes, Strategies and Activities 6.7.1.3.
Leaders You Admire 4 This activity will improve delegation 4 This activity helps in understanding the characteristics and quality of a good leader.

4 Group participant discuss about the leader whom the admire 4 In subsequent group discussions they communicate and share each other’s findings.

6.7.1.4.

Round Tables 4 This activity requires four tables.

Each table has a different group with a different task to perform.
4 Each group will have a group leader who will delegate the task and steps of the task to the group members.

4 .Once they begin, the task time is measure for each group and the group which takes minimum time will be the winner.

skills.

6.7.1.5.

Do Se Bhale Chaar (Teamwork is better) 4 As the name says, the teacher will divide the class into groups of four and give all of them the same lesson to perform and present before the class.
4 They/ The teacher can use any method to present, such as skit, role-play, flip chart, powerpoint presentation, etc.

4 Teacher will observe how they plan their activity and after their performance, will ask questions the group members about how they decided on this method.

to 4 This activity will show how each group presentation becomes better with teamwork.

6.7.2.

ACTIVITIES 72 21st Century Skills : A Handbook 6.7.2.1.
Making Own classroom Rules 4 Students will be encouraged to make the class rules in the beginning of the session.

The most suitable ones may be finalised and displayed prominently in the classroom and followed throughout the year by each student.

4 They may also decide what action the whole class will take if any student is found violating any of the class rules.

4 This will foster a sense of responsibility in them.

6.7.2.2.
6.7.2.2.

Helping hands 4 Teacher will divide the class into pairs and take some of the belongings from each of them so that their belongings together will become whole.

4 Teacher will then give them some work to do in which children will need to share each other’s belongings.

4 For example, They would ask students to share their geometry boxes to make a maths project.

4 With this activity, children will their understand helping their peers.

responsibility of 6.7.2.3.


Break the chain 4 Select a lesson/ story having chain of events based on values.

4 Ask the students to list out the sequence of events and find an alternative step to stop or change the chain of events 4 The story/ lesson will be rewritten by the students adding their perspectives to change the chain of events 6.7.2.4.

WANTED!

Responsible.. 4 Ask the class to prepare an advertisement for hiring a responsible person and specify the qualities of the person.
4 Children should start this advertise- ment with the words ….Wanted a responsible person.

4 This will help children to know and the teacher to guide them in understanding what kind of a person can be considered a responsible person.

6.8.

INITIATIVE AND SELF-DIRECTION 73 Chapter 6 : 21st Century Skills: Purpose, Outcomes, Strategies and Activities Basis • Questioning • • Planning Research • Creating • • Improving Presenting Purpose Initiative provides an opportunity to act or take charge before others.
Self-direction is the ability to set goals related to learning, plan for the achievement of those goals, independently manage time and effort, and assess the quality of learning experience.

Strategy 1.

Teacher First Teacher/s will initiate acting on an activity to set an example and motivate students to come forward and take part in it.

2.

Initiative to improve The teacher should try to talk in class about sharing a secret which may be affecting their confidence.
Teacher will share her own secret first and then students will start.

This will improve their confidence.

3.

Assess Readiness Before any student can achieve their learning goals, it's important to know their current situation.

Teachers can perform a short exercise and design the self-direction process for the students.

6.8.1.

ACTIVITIES 74 21st Century Skills : A Handbook 6.8.1.1.

Bunch of Activities 6.8.1.3.


Teacher First 4 Teacher can use a bowl and put several chits in it with different activities written on the chit.

4 Teacher will arrange a separate class for sharing stories of achievement, failure, things which matter, etc.

4 For example, acting like a bangle seller, sing a song, dance like someone, and speak a film dialogue, etc.
4 This will have various benefits such as taking initiative to perform an activity, making class joyful 4 Chits can also be related to chapters given in the book, such as, act out the process of distillation, sing the Periodic Table in the tune of your favourite Bollywood song, etc; 4 Ensure that everyone takes part in it.

6.8.1.2.

Everyone Matters 4 Organise any activity in which every child has to perform/present in front of the whole class so that each child also gets an opportunity.

6.8.2.
6.8.2.

ACTIVITIES 4 Teacher will start this class by sharing his/her part of the story first; this will encourage children to share their stories.

6.8.1.4.

Teamwork 4 Class will be divided into groups of 4-5 students and give them a scene to perform and every child has to do some role playing.

4 One child can help another but everyone has to perform one’s own role.

4 This activity will help children to work in groups yet maintaining their own individuality.
75 Chapter 6 : 21st Century Skills: Purpose, Outcomes, Strategies and Activities 6.8.2.1.

Self-Advocacy 4 For many students, self-advocacy doesn’t come naturally.

4 Teaching students how to ask for help, through role playing or other guidance is the motive of this activity.

6.8.2.2.

Let them Be A Scene: Tuesday: Maths Class at Sopan: the School The teacher asks students to decide what they want to do in the class.

Students start whispering.


Devyani, Vikram, Chris, Taveesh, Samar, Tanveer, Denis, Garima, Danya, Yogvid and Kuladitya decide they want to play chain game, like this video: https://www.facebook.com/the.akanksha.foundation/videos/10154397169224317/ Teacher lets them do it along with the entire class.

Naturally, it enhanced their self-direction, teamwork and initiative-taking.

So, let them be….

6.8.2.3.

Connections to Experts 6.8.2.4.


Design Thinking 4 It is becoming easier every day to broaden horizons of students by reaching out to the community.

4 Get students to identify a larger problem that needs solving and then help them to connect with experts in that area, to gather more knowledge and perspective.

4 The teacher should offer opportunities in the classroom where students can write their own critical questions about content.
4 They should be allowed to question the credibility of the content and offer their perspective on the same.

4 At least one topic per semester may be planned in a manner to foster self- direction in the students.

76 21st Century Skills : A Handbook 6.9.

PRODUCTIVITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY Basis Purpose Strategy 6.9.1.
ACTIVITIES • Goal setting Planning • Time management • • Research • Development Evaluation • • Revision • Application Productivity is prioritizing, planning, and applying knowledge and skills to make decisions to enhance quality of work in an ever-changing environment.

Accountability is demonstrating personal integrity through appropriate resource allocation and effective time management.
Proper allocation and Time management - The proper allocation of tasks and duties to the students and proper analysis of time required to perform a task are key factors in measuring the students’ performance.

They should be encouraged to keep a track of their academic and non-academic progress.

Positive Environment - Teacher will create a type of environment in the class that if any student or teacher does any mistake, they will accept that and take full responsibility of it without any fear of judgment.
77 Chapter 6 : 21st Century Skills: Purpose, Outcomes, Strategies and Activities 4 Students and teachers will set weekly targets for the reading of books and whoever fulfils the target will have their name written on the school board/ wall magazine as the “Reader of the Week”.

4 This will encourage children to fulfil the weekly targets and also improve their productivity in class.

6.9.1.5.
6.9.1.5.

Ask and Listen 4 In the beginning of the class, the teacher will talk to students about how they are feeling, what happened yesterday with them, why someone is not feeling good, and why they are feeling this way, etc.

4 Asking children these questions will help them clear their minds and it will also make them positive and understand that it is alright to have different emotions and they matter in the class.

Their productivity will increase by adding these things in the class.

that 6.9.1.1.
that 6.9.1.1.

Research Project 4 Students (individually/group) topic by shall collecting research a information from various sources.

4 Students then create a document discussing their research topic and take feedback from their peers.

4 Then each student compiles a reflective paper using what they have researched and the input from their peers.

4 This would enhance their performance and lead to increased productivity.

6.9.1.2.
6.9.1.2.

Expo 2020 4 Students participate in a “young innovator” program where they give life to their productive ideas.

A model of this can be made for the classroom where children will make different items/models for the class.

6.9.1.3.

Praise for More 4 Teacher should recognize and praise children’s work.

Appreciation for their work , increases their productivity and motivates them to work more.

6.9.1.4.

Read-Read 4 Teacher will set a particular time for reading books other than textbooks.
4 Teacher and students can even choose a book from the school library which they can read together in the class.

78 21st Century Skills : A Handbook 6.9.2.

ACTIVITIES 79 Chapter 6 : 21st Century Skills: Purpose, Outcomes, Strategies and Activities 6.9.2.1.

Student Accountability Project 6.9.2.4.

Do as you say 4 The best way to teach kids about personal accountability is by being accountable yourself.

4 When they see you make amends, they learn to be accountable for their own behaviour.
4 At the beginning of the term, students will write a letter to their future self, one year hence, about the personal goals they had set up for themselves, and how they intend to achieve them in one year.

4 Teacher will seal each of these letters in separate envelopes addressed to the student who wrote the letter and keep these letters away.

4 Students will create a time chart to monitor their own progress towards their goals.
4 At the end of the term, they will write and share how they achieve their goal and whether they have been successful in achieving what they have planned for.

6.9.2.2.

Monitors and In-Charges 4 Every classroom, materials, educational resources, facilities can be allocated with monitors and in-charges.

This makes students accountable for the work they are doing.

6.9.2.3.
6.9.2.3.

Ownership of the learning Process 4 Giving students a say in how they will learn has been linked to gains in student effort and achievement.

4 This will help children to work and take full responsibility of it and be accountable for it.

80 21st Century Skills : A Handbook 6.10.


SOCIAL AND CROSS-CULTURAL INTERACTION 81 Chapter 6 : 21st Century Skills: Purpose, Outcomes, Strategies and Activities Basis • Cooperation • Compromise • Decision making • Communicating • Using emotional intelligence • Using constructive criticism • Trusting others • Delivering on promises • Coordinating work Purpose To make students adaptive, flexible, appreciative of diversity.
Group work is a great way for students to work hands-on with other students who are different from themselves.

Also children will know when it is appropriate to listen and when to speak.

It can be applied in the classroom by dividing the students into the groups to do classwork.

When grouping students, teachers should create socially and culturally diverse groups.

Teachers should incorporate this group work into their lesson plans, forcing students to interact in order to complete their assignments.
Strategy 82 21st Century Skills : A Handbook 6.10.1.

ACTIVITIES 83 Chapter 6 : 21st Century Skills: Purpose, Outcomes, Strategies and Activities 6.10.1.1.

Relay Culture 6.10.1.3.

"Social" Circle Time 4 At circle time, have each child say something pleasant about the person next to them as they go around the circle.

4 This can be theme based (cooperative, respectful, positive, generous, responsible, friendly, empathetic etc.)

or about their uniqueness, etc.

and it can change every day to stay fresh.


4 Class will be divided in 4-5 groups with equal number of children in each group depending on the class strength.

4 Each group has to choose one state or culture and has to wear or have something from that culture and move towards another student and pass on and exchange something of each other’s chosen culture.

4 Each group/team must try and pass on something uncommon and unique about their chosen culture.
4 Upon being passed something from another culture, the team has to do quick research about that aspect of the culture that has been passed to them and prepare a flip chart/presentation on what they have learnt.

4 This way if there are 4 teams, they would have learnt something unique about 4 different cultures.

This will help children to understand and appreciate different cultures.

6.10.1.2.

Face It 4 This activity can be done with small Children.
4 Make pairs and ask students to stand in front of each other.

4 Ask them to make funny faces which their partner can copy.

4 Children who are outgoing will be able to copy each other.
84 21st Century Skills : A Handbook CHAPTER 7 SOME FACILITATION METHODS Following are some common and frequently used methods : CLASS DISCUSSION (in small or large groups) BRAIN - STORMING ROLE PLAY SMALL GROUP/BUZZ GROUP GAMES AND SIMULATIONS SITUATION ANALYSIS AND CASE STUDIES DEBATE STORY TELLING 86 21st Century Skills : A Handbook PAINTING DANCE QUIZ QUESTIONNAIRES 87 Chapter 7 : Some Facilitation Methods In addition to the above, some more suggestive, creativity-based, facilitation methods for implementing 21st Century Skills are being given as under: Description Benefits Process Yoga encompasses physical, mental and spiritual practices.
Students can be encouraged to learn about various asanaas or yogic exercises with the help of a yoga instructor.

They must be explained that Yoga not only leads to massaging of internal organs (Yoga is the only form of physical endeavour that helps in that) and flexibility (a precursor for good health) of the body, it also helps reduce cortisol from the body.

Cortisol suppresses immunity.

The ancient Indian texts like the Vedas, Upanishads, Thirukkural, etc.
are enriched with the principles of living a healthy life which can be used to inspire students.

Yoga can help students in increasing flexibility and mind-body balance.

Improves energy and vitality, strengthens memory skills, decision making and problem solving and reasoning skills, focus and concentration.

Yoga relieves stress, helps in managing anger and attaining better regulation over emotions.
The classical texts consist of inspirational quotes and messages from various life stories which can inculcate humility and abstract thinking among the students The lessons of life can be learnt through the short stories, quotes etc.

mentioned in literary works such as Jataka tales, Panchtantra texts, etc.

• Regular yoga classes to be held.

• Starting with simple yoga exercises and gradually increasing the level.

• Students can be taken to a calm and open space devoid of any distraction.
• Make sure to explain the benefits of each and every exercise.

In fact, you can turn it into a science class, by explaining which internal organ/ muscle/skeletal movement is involved in which exercise, etc.
• The excerpts from the classical texts can be made available in simple language to the students for reading and teachers can guide them through Facilitation Method YOGA AND CLASSICAL TEXTS 88 21st Century Skills : A Handbook JINGLE MAKING/ RAP SONG MAKING PUPPETRY A jingle is a short slogan, verse or tune designed to be easily remembered and typically to advertise or highlight an issue or a product.
Rap is a popular style of music, where the words and the music is set to a recurrent beat, often appearing like someone speaking in fast-paced verse.

Students can be encouraged to create jingles/rap songs regarding whatever they wish to express and raise awareness about that among masses.

Puppetry is an art of making and manipulation of / manipulating puppets (objects or dolls resembling a human, animal or a mythical figure typically made using cloth and cardboards) for depicting theatre or drama.
The puppeteer uses hand movements or control devices such as rods or strings to move the body parts of the puppet to show the enactment Jingle/rap song can act as an entertaining source of expression of thoughts and ideas among students.

Helps in bringing out creativity of students.

Issues and ideas which are difficult to put into plain words are expressed through tunes and lyrics which are listened and remembered more effectively.
Puppetry is a form of performance arts that can be used as a mode to showcase about the various adolescent mental health issues, social issues, different ideas and imagination of students in the form of story telling • Groups can be formed on the basis of mutual interests among the students.

• Writing of the lyrics, themes, composing of music, etc.
can be divided among the group members under the guidance of a teacher • Events can be organized in order to keep their motivation levels high and reach out to the masses.

• Students can be encouraged to be creative with the making of the puppets by using different art and crafts material under the guidance of an art teacher.

• Workshops or special classes can be arranged for the students to learn the art of communication through puppetry.
• Teachers can indulge students into making short plays or 89 Chapter 7 : Some Facilitation Methods performance on various themes and showcase them to the audience.

Compositions which capture events, themes and situations in a short and precise manner.

• Various books and novels can be made available to the students for reading Used in communicating feelings, opinions, ideas, habit and other experiences.
Can be in the form of songs, recitations, chants, be dramatised to enhance the acquisition of various life skills.
• The teacher can explain the meaning of the texts and help the students relate to the real life situations • Students can also be encouraged to read and enact in groups in order to understand better, Drama can provide a platform for self-expression, developing empathy and practicing skills in life like situations • Students can be encouraged to enact any of their literature lessons, social issues or any theme they wish to • Guidance can be provided by the teachers while forming a play, character roles etc.
• Students should be encouraged to express their feelings, thoughts and emotions through this medium.

LITERATURE A body of written works having artistic or intellectual value, often due to deploying language in ways that differ from the ordinary usage.

DRAMA Composition in verse or prose intended to portray life, character or to tell a story.

It usually involves presenting conflicts and portraying emotions through action and dialogue.
90 21st Century Skills : A Handbook SINGING Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice and expression of regular speech by the use of sustained tonality, rhythm and variety of vocal techniques.

MEDITATION Meditation is not about religion.

It is about focusing your awareness to such an extent that you lose track of your conflicting thoughts and of time.

A person who is very involved in singing, painting, writing creatively, running, climbing a mountain, trekking, etc.
is a person in meditation.

Singing is a form of expression of thoughts, ideas and feelings which is more effective than plain speech.

Creativity and imagination of the students can be shaped into the form of singing in various styles, lyrics etc.

Singing can be a stress buster and helps in regulating emotions and managing anxiety.

When a child focuses her awareness on something that she loves doing, even if it is playing with mud or water, the child is in meditation.
This makes the child happier, reduces stress, improves memory, improves concentration, encourages compassion, etc.

• Students can form groups or pairs on the basis of mutual interests.

• A music teacher can encourage the students to put their thoughts and ideas into songs or music.

• Various themes can be provided to the students and they can be motivated to take part in events and express themselves through singing.
• It is important that the teacher takes up activities that involve all children of the class and fire their imagination enough to work on that activity.

• Before taking up any creative activity, the teacher can encourage students to sit in complete silence with eyes closed, to bring awareness to the activity at hand.
91 Chapter 7 : Some Facilitation Methods CHAPTER 8 CBSE ACTIVITIES TO PROMOTE 21ST CENTURY SKILLS Central Board of Secondary Education has taken various initiatives and has been conducting several activities to promote 21st Century Skills.

The details of those are presented as follows: 1.

Mandatory Art Integration It is a cross-curricular approach to teaching and learning based on collaboration between the teaching of subject with the teaching of Art (Visual/performing etc.
), where Art, in any of its multiple forms, becomes the primary pathway to learn the subject/ topic and also of assessment.

This helps in encouraging creativity, collaboration and social skills among students by taking part in different arts activities and performing in groups.

thinking skills.

By experiencing things, children will learn to relate the concepts with real life instances.

3.
3.

Heritage India Quiz The CBSE Heritage India Quiz is an Inter School Quiz conceptualized by the Board with the objective of promoting interest and desire among students to learn and appreciate the history, tourism and sharing the vast cultural heritage of our country.

This competition helps children to be critical thinkers to find answers of the quiz questions, as well as promotes among socio-cultural them.

awareness 2.
awareness 2.

Making Experiential Learning as Mandatory Pedagogy It probes deeper into the essence of experiences to bring it to the class to make learning joyful, engaging and at the same time connected to real life.

It will help in developing problem- solving, communication and critical 4.

Science Exhibition The Central Board of Secondary Education has been taking many generate curiosity initiatives and attitude amongst learners.
The activity aims at providing a platform to students scientific develop to 93 Chapter 8 : CBSE Activities to Promote 21st Century Skills 6.

CBSE Storytelling Competition Initiated in 2019, this competition aims to enable children to present subject topics and concepts through Stories.

For example; explaining Adjectives, Periodic table through stories.
to demonstrate such learnings that encourage construction of knowledge by connecting new ideas to existing concepts as well as enriching one’s understanding from other’s experiences and perspectives.

This activity will also help develop literacy skills among students.

This will also help children to be creative and critical thinkers on how to choose topic and how to present it.

5.

Art Exhibition This competition is about generating interest of students in the vast Indian culture.
Students have to create Art forms from eco-friendly products.

7.

Aryabhata Ganit Challenge It is an online test organised by CBSE to make learning mathematics joyful.

In this competition, questions are based on analytical skills in which children think and relate mathematical problems to real life problems, leading to development of problem solving and critical thinking skills.
This will help children to develop thinking skills; their creativity will increase by making the product, their collaboration communication and will improve by presenting the details about their art form.

8.

Reading Challenge To encourage quality of reading among students, CBSE has organised reading challenge in which students 94 21st Century Skills : A Handbook read different text and graphics and comprehend their meaning.

Children will develop critical thinking when they are able to read.
They will understand better.

Their problem solving skills will be developed because now they can understand better and their creativity will also improve as they have to comprehend graphics as well.

11.

Science Promotion Test This competency based assessment in Science would encourage students to connect the science curriculum areas to real life situations.

The test would assess student's abilities to think rationally and critically.
This will help children to understand science in a more better and fun way.

9.

Skill Education 12.

Fit Schools and Fit School Week This is the Board’s initiative taken to support government’s Fit India movement.

In this, several activities are organised to help children to remain fit.

This also includes healthy eating habits.

In the time of lockdown as well, online session with different experts are provided by the CBSE to maintain good health of the children.
These include tips regarding healthy food habits, fitness sessions, mental health etc.

13.

Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat This initiative is taken by the Board to support Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat programme launched by our Hon’ble Prime Minister on Ekta Diwas (31st October 2015) on the occasion of birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel to foster national integration 95 CBSE has introduced different subjects like artificial intelligence, yoga, etc.

These subjects aim at improving 21st century skills.
10.

Creative and Critical Thinking Practice Board has initiated another activity to increase creative and critical thinking among students.

Board releases five questions weekly to test the creative ability of children for problem solving.

You can access it at https://diksha.

gov.in/get/dial/R5Z7P5 These can be given as homework or teacher will/ may or can start the class with these questions.

It all depends on the teacher.


This will also increase collaboration and communication between children as teachers can also divide the class into pairs of two children.

Chapter 8 : CBSE Activities to Promote 21st Century Skills states, Union Territories, among Central Ministries, Educational Institutions and general public.

Board issued a list of pairing of states which schools need to follow and perform activities accordingly.
These activities will help children to understand each other’s culture and respect each other’s differences, while integrating and inmbibing cultural collaboration.

14.

CBSE Expression Series literacy among It is an online competition aiming to improve inquiry, communication skills, evaluation and analysis skills children.

digital Children express their views and thoughts through different mediums paintings/essay/poems/poster like making etc.
Everytime Board provides topics on an important issue of national and global importance, like water conservation .

THERE ARE MANY MORE ACTIVITIES ON THE CARDS!

96 21st Century Skills : A Handbook Adieu for Now We hope this Handbook has been useful for you.

We shall be back again, after sometime, with a new concept, new Handbook, new theme and so many new things… After all ,to evolve is human….
Meanwhile, see the painting below… 97 Chapter 8 : CBSE Activities to Promote 21st Century Skills (Painting by Mr. Rohit Maurya, TGT Arts, Amity International School, Sector 6, Vasundhara , Ghaziabad).

98 21st Century Skills : A Handbook