Source document: https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697723991606.pdf (Fiji)
FOREWORD Agriculture Census enables compilation of data at community-level and ensure that issues affecting farmers, farm communities and agricultural operations are included when decisions are made on matters that affect them and their livelihood.

It increases the quality of evidence based policy making, guide development of Agricultural Statistics in Fiji and address unprecedented data demand to monitor national targets and Sustainable Development Goals.
Timely and Reliable Statistical information is crucial for the benefit of society and the economy as a whole – not only in policy making and the evaluation of performance, but also in directing economic and social activities and providing valuable data and evidence for analysts, researchers, civil societies and the general public.
On that note, I would like to take this time to sincerely thank Government for the allocation of F$4.5m, which enable the Ministry to undertake the 2020 Fiji Agriculture Census - the 5th in a series of Agriculture Censuses conducted in Fiji.

I also acknowledge UNFAO for their continuous technical guidance to our Statistics Team and the Ministry in ensuring that we successfully achieve expected targets of this Operation.
I hope that other stakeholders and users such as Academics, Tertiary Students, and Consultants etc.

will use these reports as basis of any future research and analysis on Fiji’s Agriculture Sector.

To my team and all our immediate Stakeholders from Government whose hard work and commitment enables the compilation of these Publications – Thank you so much for your continuous support and I look forward to more future collaboration.
It is indeed an honour to be part of this Team and present the 2020 Fiji Agriculture Census Report – Volume 1, 2, 3 & 4.

Vinaka Vakalevu.

………………………………… Dr. Mahendra Reddy Minister for Agriculture, Waterways & Environment In Collaboration with; 1 PREFACE The Ministry of Agriculture is pleased to present 2020 Fiji Agriculture Census Administration Report.

The report highlights series of activities undertaken in the conduct of the 2020 Agriculture Census.
All systems and processes considered are clearly defined in this publication together with photographs and info graphics of census activities.

Considering the structure of Fiji’s Agriculture Sector, it is anticipated that future agriculture censuses and survey planning will consider content of this report which should guide data collection, processing and dissemination.
We extend our appreciation and gratitude to all parties who had contributed in the 2020 Fiji Agricultural Census and the completion of this publication.

Detailed agriculture census information is available online at http://www.agriculture.org.fj.

If you would like more information, you can also call our help desk on phone no.

(679) 338 4233 or e-mail agrihelp@govnet.gov.fj.
………………………………… Mr. Ritesh Dass 2020 Fiji Agriculture Census Commissioner 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The planning, preparation and operation of the 2020 Fiji Agriculture Census was made possible through the collective effort, commitment and support of Ministry staff, Stakeholders and External Partners listed below; Planning, Budgeting & Logistics Waisiki Gonemaituba (Local Consultant- FAO) Elizabeth Cinavilakeba (EP&S Division, MoA) Sikeli Baleisuva (Finance Division, MoA) Silovate Bebenisala (FARS Unit, MoA) Salome Tamani (FARS Unit, MoA) Avineel Kumar (EP&S Division, MoA) Sisilia Kalesi (EP&S Division, MoA) Merewai Nasea (EP&S Division, MoA) Raijieli Cawaki (HQ Crop Extension Division, MoA) Diana Rokobiau Bolatolu (Eastern Crop Extension Division, MoA) Susan Brown (HQ Crop Extension Division, MoA) Marawa Tawake (Northern Crop Extension Division, MoA) Olimaipa Tavo (Western Crop Extension Division, MoA) Eddie Ahsam (Western Crop Extension Division, MoA) Matai Koroivuki (Finance Division, MoA) Jone Boa (Finance Division, MoA) Eremasi Gabrielle (EP&S Division, MoA) Opetaia Tukai (EP&S Division, MoA) Sekove Raikalevu (EP&S Division, MoA) Epeli Dugucagi (Crop Extension Division, MoA) Tepola Seniloli (Crop Extension Division, MoA) Avinesh Dayal (Animal Health & Production Division, MoA) Ulaiasi Tadulala (Animal Health & Production Division, MoA) Eduari Navukiboro (Animal Health & Production Division, MoA) Pranishma Kumar (Ministry of Fisheries) Olivia Vakaloloma (Ministry of Forestry) Viliame Rokovu (Ministry of Forestry) Raijieli Bakewa (Ministry of Rural & Maritime Development) Maria Musudroka (Fiji Bureau of Statistics) Amelia Tugi (Fiji Bureau of Statistics) Amelia Nairoba (Ministry of Women, Children and Poverty Alleviation) Anareta Apole (Ministry of Women, Children and Poverty Alleviation) Ateca Kama (NFNC, Fiji) Waisale Ramoce (Ministry of iTaukei Affairs) Solomoni Nagaunavou (LRPD, MoA) Establishment of 2020FAC Listing & Field Pre-Testing Ita Tunidau (Team Leader: FARS Unit, MoA) Salome Vakatawa (FARS Unit, MoA)
 Roselyn McGoon (FARS Unit, MoA) Joana Rakaboa (FARS Unit, MoA) Sainimilika Boginivalu (FARS Unit, MoA) Saivora Waqanisau (FARS Unit, MoA) Elenoa Sauvadua (FARS Unit, MoA) Demarcation of 2020FAC Enumeration Boundaries Virisine Lalasava (Team Leader: FARS Unit, MoA) Viliame Naiorosui (FARS Unit, MoA) Tevita Conikeli (FARS Unit, MoA) Diana Ralulu (LRPD, MoA) Are Sauliga (LRPD, MoA) Jese Ligaiviu (LRPD, MoA) Kavaia Veiqati (LRPD, MoA) Seremaia Tabuatalei (LRPD, MoA) Jone Qaravanacolo (LRPD, MoA) 2020FAC Awareness and Promotions Tevita Natasiwai (Team Leader: EP&S Division, MoA) Akuila Nacoke (EP&S Division, MoA) Vio Veretawatini (EP&S Division, MoA) Elena Volavola (EP&S Division, MoA) Elenoa Serevi (EP&S Division, MoA) Atelena Nauku (EP&S Division, MoA) Questionnaire & Field Manual Designing Ulamila Raikoti (Team Leader- FARS Unit, MoA) Alitia Yaya (FARS Unit, MoA) Paula Tuione (Crop Extension Division, MoA) Recruitment Alitiana Mua (EP&S Division, MoA) Lavenia Baravilala (HR Division, MoA) Kilioni Nasila (HR Division, MoA) Poasa Naimila (FBOS, MoA) Training Sowane Remudu (Eastern Team: EP&S Division, MoA) Adarshan Kumar (Western Team: EP&S Division, MoA) Sosiceni Sovaki (Western Team: EP&S Division, MoA) Masuwini Maravu (Western Team: EP&S Division, MoA) Helen Mua (Central Team: EP&S Division, MoA) Elisha Mala (Central Team: EP&S Division, MoA) Titilia Davetanivalu (Northern Team: EP&S Division, MoA) Ilisapeci Batisarisari (Northern Team: EP&S Division, MoA) Survey Solution Headquarters Team Sanjeev (Animal Health & Production Division, MoA) Samuela Buadromo (Fiji Bureau of Statistics) Emitai Nasau (Fiji Bureau of Statistics) Pranishma Kumar (Ministry of Fisheries) Amelia Nairoba (Ministry of Women, Children and Poverty Alleviation) Anareta Apole (Ministry of Women, Children and Poverty Alleviation) Maika Caginivalu (Ministry of Forestry) Sokoveti Nairai (EP&S Division, MoA) Elisha Mala (EP&S Division, MoA) Graphic Design, Media & Publication Eremodo Kalivetau (HR
 Division, MoA) Jone Buatoka (HR Division, MoA) Mere Nakota (HR Division, MoA) Serenia Vilele (HR Division, MoA) Dekesoni Gagalia (HR Division, MoA) 3 CONTENTS FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................................................... 1 PREFACE ............................................................................................................................................................... 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................................................................................... 3 ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................................................................... 7 COMPOSITION OF THE NATIONAL STEERING COMMITTEE OF THE 2020 FIJI AGRICULTURE CENSUS ................ 8 COMPOSITION OF THE TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP OF THE 2020 FIJI AGRICULTURE CENSUS ....................... 8 CONSULTANTS OF THE 2020 FIJI AGRICULTURE CENSUS ..................................................................................... 9 LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES ................................................................................................................................. 12 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 14 1.1 Fiji Agriculture Statistics System ............................................................................................................... 14 1.2 2020 Fiji Agriculture Census ...................................................................................................................... 14 Figure 1.0 History of Agriculture Census in Fiji ............................................................................................. 16 CHAPTER 2: PREPARATION
 ................................................................................................................................. 18 2.1 Stages of 2020 Fiji Agriculture Census Preparation .................................................................................. 18 2.2 Structure of the 2020 Fiji Agriculture Census ........................................................................................... 19 2.2.1 Establishment of National Steering .................................................................................................... 19 2.2.2 Establishment of Technical Working Group (TWG) ............................................................................ 21 2.2.3: Fiji Agriculture Census Operation Structure ...................................................................................... 23 2.2.4: Establishment of 2020FAC Operation Room ..................................................................................... 24 2.2.5: Regional Coordinators Awareness ..................................................................................................... 26 2.3 BUDGET AND PLANNING ........................................................................................................................... 27 2.3.1 Budget ................................................................................................................................................. 27 2.3.2 Work plan ............................................................................................................................................ 27 2.4 PUBLICITY .................................................................................................................................................. 31 2.5 RECRUITMENT OF ENUMERATORS ........................................................................................................... 33 2.6 TRAINING
33 2.6 TRAINING ................................................................................................................................................... 33 2.6.1 Area Coordinators ............................................................................................................................... 33 2.6.2 Field Supervisors ................................................................................................................................. 35 2.6.3 Enumerators........................................................................................................................................ 36 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................................................. 39 3.1 Authority for the Agriculture Census ........................................................................................................ 39 3.2 Objectives .................................................................................................................................................. 39 3.3 Scope…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …39 3.4 Coverage .................................................................................................................................................... 39 3.6 Demarcation of 2020FAC Enumeration Areas .......................................................................................... 40 3.7 Questionnaire ............................................................................................................................................ 41 4 3.8 Pilot Census ............................................................................................................................................... 47 3.9 Field Operation Manual ............................................................................................................................ 50 3.10 Census Reference
 Period......................................................................................................................... 51 3.11 Enumeration Period ................................................................................................................................ 51 3.12 Use of Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) ........................................................................ 51 3.13 Data Processing ....................................................................................................................................... 52 3.13.1 Receipt and scrutiny at HQ ................................................................................................................... 52 3.13.2 Checking completeness ........................................................................................................................ 52 3.13.3 Data cleaning at HQ using computer algorithms ................................................................................. 53 3.13.4 Tabulation ............................................................................................................................................ 53 3.13.5 Evaluation ............................................................................................................................................. 53 3.14 Data Dissemination ................................................................................................................................. 53 3.15 Data Archiving ......................................................................................................................................... 54 CHAPTER 4: FIELD OPERATION ........................................................................................................................... 56 4.1 Data Collection .......................................................................................................................................... 56 4.2 Post Enumeration Census (PEC)
 ................................................................................................................ 57 Annexure 1: Terms of Reference: National Steering Committee ................................................................... 59 Annexure 3: Terms of Reference: Technical Working Group .......................................................................... 60 Annexure 4: 2020FAC FIELD OPERATION MANUAL ........................................................................................ 61 Annexure 5: 2020FAC SURVEY SOLUTION FIELD SUPERVISORS (ARE COORDINATORS) MANUAL ............... 119 Annexure 6: 2020FAC Enumerators Vacancy Advertisement- FIJI SUN NEWSPAPER .................................. 127 Annexure 7: 2020FAC Enumerators Application Form ................................................................................. 128 Annexure 8: Area Coordinators Training Program ........................................................................................ 129 Annexure 9: 2020FAC Area Coordinators Training Programme ................................................................... 133 Annexure 10 List of Area Coordinators and Field Supervisors ...................................................................... 144 Annexure 11 Photo Gallery of Area Coordinators Training – Central, Eastern and Western Division ......... 147 Annexure 12 Photo Gallery of Area Coordinators Training – Northern Division .......................................... 148 Annexure 13 Field Supervisors Training Program (Central, Eastern, Northern and Western Division)........ 149 Annexure 14 Field Supervisors Enumeration Area Workplan Matrix ........................................................... 150 Annexure 15 Field Supervisors Enumeration Area Awareness Workplan Matrix ......................................... 151 Annexure 16 Field Supervisors Enumeration Area Budget Matrix ............................................................... 152 Annexure 17 Scope of
 Field Supervisors Training ......................................................................................... 153 Annexure 18 Field Supervisors Roles and Responsibility Presentation ........................................................ 154 Annexure 19 Field Supervisors Training Photo Gallery ................................................................................. 157 Annexure 20 Training of Trainers Program ................................................................................................... 158 Annexure 21 Enumerators Training Program ............................................................................................ 160 Annexure 22 Enumerators Training Group Work ......................................................................................... 162 Annexure 23 Enumerators Training – CASE STUDY ....................................................................................... 163 Annexure 24 Enumerators Training Ice-Breaker Questions .......................................................................... 164 5 Annexure 25 Enumerators Training Individual Exercise ............................................................................... 166 Annexure 26 Field Pre-Test Reporting Template (Sample) ........................................................................... 167 Annexure 27 2020FAC STANDARD BRIEF REPORT SAMPLE .......................................................................... 176 2020 FIJI AGRICULTURE CENSUS ................................................................................................................... 180 SNAP SHOTS .................................................................................................................................................. 180 6 ACRONYMS FAC Fiji Agriculture Census MoA Ministry of Agriculture FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FARS Fiji Agriculture & Rural Statistics Unit CAPI Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing AC EA FDB
 FS WFP GPS Area Coordinators Enumeration Area Fiji Development Bank Field Supervisor World Food Programme Global Positioning System SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Sciences GIS Geographic Information System 7 COMPOSITION OF THE NATIONAL STEERING COMMITTEE OF THE 2020 FIJI AGRICULTURE CENSUS Permanent Secretary Permanent Secretary Permanent Secretary Chief Economist Chief Executive Permanent Secretary Permanent Secretary Permanent Secretary Permanent Secretary Permanent Secretary Permanent Secretary Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Fisheries Ministry of Forestry Ministry of Agriculture Fiji Bureau of Statistics Ministry of Economy Ministry of Sugar Industry Ministry of Rural & Maritime Development Ministry of iTaukei Affairs Ministry of Health and Medical Services Ministry of Women, Children and Poverty Alleviation Chairman Vice Chairman Vice Chairman Secretary Member Member Member Member Member Member Member COMPOSITION OF THE TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP OF THE 2020 FIJI AGRICULTURE CENSUS Chief Economist Director Crop Extension Division Director Animal Health & Production Director of Planning, Policy and Research Principal Agriculture Officer (HQ) Principal Agriculture Officer (Eastern) Principal Agriculture Officer (AH&P) Senior Research Officer (Land Use) Principal Economic Planning Officer Senior Economic Planning Officer Principal Economic Planning Officer Senior Forestry Officer Chief Statistician (Economics) Chief Statistician (Social Statistics) Principal Statistician Principal Economic Planning Officer Principal Research Officer Senior Women Interest Officer Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Sugar Industry Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Fisheries Ministry of Fisheries Ministry of Fisheries Ministry of Forestry Fiji Bureau of Statistics Fiji Bureau of Statistics Fiji Bureau of Statistics Ministry of Rural & Maritime
 Development Ministry of Women, Children and Poverty Alleviation Ministry of Women, Children and Poverty Alleviation Fiji National Food and Nutrition Centre Ministry of iTaukei Affairs UNFAO FAO Sub-regional office for Pacific Island Chairperson Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Manager Director Development Services Consultants Rasmiyya Aliyeva (Statistician) Senior Economic Planning Officer (Statistics) Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture Senior Economic Planning Officer (Budget) Ministry of Agriculture Economic Planning Officer (GIS) Project Staff (s) Fiji Agriculture & Rural Statistics Unit 8 CONSULTANTS OF THE 2020 FIJI AGRICULTURE CENSUS Technical assistance provided substantial impact to the whole process of conducting and preparing the report of the 2020FAC.
This was mainly offered by FAO through the following consultants: Name of consultant Ms. Helen Stott 2020FAC job title Expert on Agriculture Statistics Area of expertise Former New Zealand Statistician, NZ Bureau of Statistics Mr. Gene Lorica Expert on CAPI and Data Processing Former System Analyst and Officer in Charge of the Assistant National Statistician for Systems Development Division and IT, Philippine Statistics Authority 9 Areas of technical assistance  Advised on the methodology for 2020FAC  Prepared the project training programme  Prepared the data dissemination plan for 2020FAC  Oversaw work on the design of household and non -household questionnaires for 2020FAC  Worked in collaboration with the experts on CAPI/data processing on the CAPI system for 2020FAC  Provided guidance and on -the-job training to national staff on managing and implementing 2020FAC  Developed requirements for the CAPI system, including questionnaires and validation checks Supervised the development, operational testing and finalization of the CAPI data collection system for 2020FAC   Provided input for manu als and training materials  Assisted in designing of a data processing and tabulation system  Prepared full technical documentation on the CAPI, data processing and tabulation system  Provided guidance and on -the-job training to Ministry of Agriculture Statistics Staff on the development and implementation of CAPI, survey solutions, and use of selected software for data tabulation  Assisted with the planning and  conduct of the pilot census (training, operation, technical support, analysis, etc.)
Evaluated the pilot and finalized census methodology, technical support plan, instruments, manuals, etc.
Name of consultant Dr. Vidya Dhar 2020FAC job title Expert on Agriculture Statistics Area of expertise Former Additional Director General, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India Ms. Lanieta Makita Vakadewabuka Former Principal Statistician, Fiji Bureau of Statistics National Consultant on Statistics Mr. Waisiki Gonemaituba Former Chief Economist, Ministry of Agriculture 10 Areas of technical assistance            Reviewed pro gress made in the preparation to agriculture census Assisted with the evaluation of the pilot census (operation, analysis, etc.
), and finalization the census methodology, listing frame, plan, instruments, editing specifications and manuals for the census operation Developed methodology for the post-enumeration survey Provided guidance and on -the-job training to staff on managing and implementing the agriculture census Oversaw the training of enumerators and initial data collection Assisted with editing and quality checks Assisted in evaluating the results of the agriculture census, considering The census coverage, quality checks, field validation and editing of census tables Assisted with planning the follow -up statistical activities: reviewing the plan for surveys, updating statistics training and succession plan Assisted with analysing and disseminating census results, conducted training (remotely) on analysis and report writing, oversaw the final editing and the production of clean data Oversaw work on the preparation of the Fiji Agriculture Census report and assisted in finalizing the report for  Assisted the data in determining items using 2020FAC classifications, advised on the census methodology, in and undertaking the user workshop assisted and  Assisted in designing the household sector and non-household questionnaires and field operation manual  Assisted the census staff with the census the main preparation of activity including: Name of consultant Area of expertise 2020FAC job title Areas of technical assistance Mr Lachlan Bruce Expert on CAPI and Data Processing Survey Consultant for the United Nations, Asian Development Bank, and World Bank in Asia and the Pacific       census promotion public awareness and census field operation recruitment of census staff Launched and deployed final CAPI system for fieldwork Provided training on CAPI Quality Control to Area Coordinators and Headquarters staff Troubleshot fieldwork CAPI issues during  Oversaw data cleaning  Design of a data processing an    tabulation system Production of final data tables Production of lessons for a remote video-based training course on
 Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Prepared full technical documentation data processing and tabulation system 11 LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES Table 2.1: Members of National Steering Committee Table 2.2: Members of Technical Working Group Table 2.3: Distribution of 2020FAC Staff during field operation Table 2.4: Distribution of Major Census Equipment’s across Regions Table 2.5: Budget Allocation for Major Census Activities Table 2.6: 2020 National Agriculture Census Workplan Table 2.7: Chronological Events of 2020FAC Recruitment Activities Table 2.8: Scope and Objectives of Area Coordinators Training Table 3.1: Coverage of 2020FAC by Sectors Table 3.2: 2020FAC Questionnaire Component and Linkage to SDG Figure 1.0 History of Agriculture Census in Fiji Figure 2.1: 1st NSC Meeting, 2018 Figure 2.2: Endorsement of 2020FAC Questionnaire, NSC Meeting Figure 2.3: Launching of 2020FAC Operation Press Conference Figure 2.4: Endorsement of 2020FAC Questionnaire, NSC Meeting Figure 2.5: Organization Structure Figure 2.6: Survey Solution Headquarter Staff Operating at Census Data Processing Room Figure 2.7: 2020FAC Main Operation room Figure 2.8: 2020FAC Northern Operation room Figure 2.9: 2020FAC Regional Coordinators Awareness Workshop Figure 3.1 2020FAC Coverage Figure 3.2 2020FAC Demarcation Exercise Preparation Figure 3.3: Planning Matrix for identifying Essential and Frame Items for 2020FAC Figure 3.4: Structure of the 2020FAC CAPI System Figure 4.1: Enumerators collecting data during census enumeration period Figure 4.3: Enumerators collecting data during census enumeration period in Naitasiri and maritime areas Figure 4.4: Area Coordinators in the Northern, Eastern, Western and Central Regional Census Centres during the 2020FAC Enumeration period LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES 12 Chapter 1 Introduction 13 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Fiji Agriculture Statistics System The Fiji National Statistical System coordinated by National Statistics Office (Fiji Bureau of
 Statistics) is made up of general statistics decentralized by sector.
Thus, the establishment of Agriculture Statistics system to coordinate compilation of agriculture information.

In 1990, after the first two (2) agriculture censuses (1968 & 1978), the Ministry of Agriculture established the Agriculture Statistics Unit under the Economic Planning & Statistics Division.

The unit was established to ensure implementation of agriculture census and surveys considering new data requirements.

The other two censuses were conducted in 1991 and 2009.
The immediate objectives of the 2009 NAC were to provide a benchmark as an objective criteria for planning and policy decisions in sustainable agricultural and rural development; and to strengthen and improve the ongoing Fiji Agriculture Statistics System to generate key agricultural data on a regular basis using the results of agriculture census as benchmark.

Dissemination of statistical information were anticipated to be released as regular report.
The major challenge identified with Fiji’s Agriculture Statistics system is the lack of quality agricultural information and evidence upon which to base sound planning and policy decisions.

This weakness is primarily due to the lack of regular collection and survey activity to supplement existing administrative data reporting and is further compounded by the fact that collected data are often not publicly available.
There is a clearly identified need to introduce some form of regular and sustainable agricultural statistical system in Fiji to produce the type and quality of information needed to guide evidence-based decision making.
The timely availability of accurate and relevant agricultural data and business statistics is critical to the formulation of policies and strategies as well as the monitoring and evaluation of sector performance 1.2 2020 Fiji Agriculture Census “A Census of Agriculture is a statistical operation for collecting, processing and disseminating data on the structure of Agriculture, covering the whole or a significant part of a country.” The Agriculture Census is one of the key pillars of any National Statistical System, and in many developing countries it is often the only means of producing statistical information, on the structure or growth of the agriculture sector captured at the smallest unit of data collection – household level.
The Fijian Government’s 5-Year and 20-Year National Development Plan (NDP) commits to carry out a National Agriculture Census in 2020.

This timeline corresponded well with the World Program for Census of Agriculture 2020 [WCA 2020].
The NDP is committed to support the achievement of the following goals:   Develop a national food and nutrition security policy or framework; and Continue broad-based support to agriculture as a key driver to economic growth and poverty alleviation The World Programme for Census of Agriculture 2020 (WCA 2020) is the tenth decennial programme, which provides the basis of implementing agricultural censuses in Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) member countries between 2016 and 2025.
Fiji through the Ministry of Agriculture, along with other Pacific Island countries (Guam, Samoa, Niue and Vanuatu) adopted the World Census of Agriculture (WAC) 2020 Guidelines for conducting National Census of Agriculture in 2020.

Most Fijians depend on agriculture [crop & livestock], fishing and forest for their livelihood.

As a small island state, Fiji is vulnerable to climate change, natural disasters and economic shocks.
Therefore it is imperative to have the 14 necessary data sets that clearly identifies this occurrences and allows for a responsive development strategies based on evidence.

The 2020 Fiji Agriculture Census was undertaken on the 10th – 29th February 2020, covering 70,991 agricultural households in the rural sector and selected Peri-urban boundary where agriculture activities are commonly practiced.
This was the first time that all four (4) sub-sectors of Agriculture- Crop, Livestock, Fisheries and Forestry were fully enumerated.

The Ministry of Agriculture adopted the Computer- Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) system through Survey Solution software on tablets for data collection during the Agriculture Census.

The adoption of this new technology substantially improved quality and transparency of data collected, shortened data processing and timely dissemination of results for Census data users.
Across the world, some countries are leading this global trend, and Fiji is part of this revolutionary move.

The 2020FAC slogan “Your Voice, Your Future, Be Counted” was instigated to help farmers recognize that participating in this important national exercise is their responsibility and decision for better future in agriculture.
15 Figure 1.0 History of Agriculture Census in Fiji 16 Chapter 2 Preparation 17 CHAPTER 2: PREPARATION 2.1 Stages of 2020 Fiji Agriculture Census Preparation The 2020FAC was conducted in several stages, which are preparation, enumeration, data processing, and data presentation.

The preparation for the 2020FAC started in 2016, but field implementation began in 2018 by Review of Farmer’s listing.
The main activity, which is the complete enumeration of rural and selected Peri-urban areas was carried out in February 2020 followed by other stages seen in the following chart.
2016  Conduct In-Depth Country Assessment (IDCA)  Basis Statistics Capacity Building  Farming Household Baseline Survey (FHBS) 2017  Establishment of Farmers Socio Economic Database (CS Pro)  Plot of Large Scale Farms Coordinates 2018  Review and Update Farmers Household Listing  Consultation with other 2 Ministries; Ministry of Fisheries and Ministry of Forestry 18 2019  Demarcation of Agriculture Census Boundary  Development of Work plan and Budget  Formulation of National Steering Committee and Technical Working Group  Cabinet Approval on Implementation of 2020FAC  Designing of Questionnaire and Training Manuals  Conduct Questionnaire Pre- Test and Pilot Census Exercise  Conduct Training  Data User Conference  Promotion and Awareness  Establishment of CAPI IT system  Development of Tabulation Plan and Data Processing Validation Plan 2020  Recruitment of Census Field Staff (Enumerators)  Training  Logistics  Field Enumeration  Post Enumeration  Data Processing and Validation  Publication of Agriculture Census Report  Data Dissemination Awareness  Data Archiving 2.2 Structure of the 2020 Fiji Agriculture Census On 17th May 2019, the Fijian Government through a Cabinet decision approved the implementation of 2020 Fiji Agriculture Census by the Ministry of Agriculture to be undertaken on 10th February to 29th February 2020 and also endorsed the establishment of 2020FAC National Steering Committee and Technical Working Group.
2.2.1 Establishment of National Steering The National Steering Committee is a high level committee that involved Permanent Secretaries and Directors who are able to provide high-level advice and in a better position to make decisions on behalf of the institutions or ministry they represent.

The Committee oversee governance and overall coordination of 2020FAC and endorse the overall plans and direction of the census.
The NSC met when required during the period of the census preparation, implementation and before dissemination.

The Committee was Coordinated and Chaired by Permanent Secretary for Agriculture and members comprised of other Permanent Secretaries and Head of relevant organizations from eight Ministries.

The Secretariat was the National Census Coordinator located at the Ministry of Agriculture.
(See Table 2.1 for names of NSC members) Table 2.1: Members of National Steering Committee Position Permanent Secretary Permanent Secretary Permanent Secretary Chief Economist Chief Executive Permanent Secretary Permanent Secretary Permanent Secretary Permanent Secretary Permanent Secretary Permanent Secretary Ministry Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Fisheries Ministry of Forestry Ministry of Agriculture Fiji Bureau of Statistics Ministry of Economy Ministry of Sugar Industry Ministry of Rural & Maritime Development Ministry of iTaukei Affairs Ministry of Health and Medical Services Ministry of Women, Children and Poverty Alleviation Role Chairman Vice Chairman Vice Chairman Secretary Member Member Member Member Member Member Member The first meeting was called on 29th November 2018 whereby members were enlightened on the overview, objectives, scope, coverage, work plan and budget of 2020FAC.
A series of meetings were conducted throughout the preparation phase and before the dissemination of the 2020FAC reports to seek the committees support and endorsement.

The final Questionnaire was presented and endorsed by the committee on 18th October 2019 and a Memorandum was circulated on 30th January 2020 to all NSC members for the engagement of trained officers on different 2020FAC roles.
The 2020FAC operation was officially launched through a Press conference at the Census Operation Room by the Minister for Agriculture, Waterways and Environment, Hon.

Dr. Mahendra Reddy on 7th February 2020 attended by NSC members, stakeholders, global partners and media partners.
19 Figure 2.1: 1st NSC Meeting, 2018 NSC Awareness and Introductory Meeting at MoA HQ Figure 2.2: Endorsement of 2020FAC Questionnaire, NSC Meeting National Steering Committee Meeting for Endorsement of the 2020FAC Questionnaire 20 Figure 2.3: Launching of 2020FAC Operation Press Conference Press Conference for 2020FAC Field Operation 2.2.2 Establishment of Technical Working Group (TWG) The 2020FAC Technical Working Group was established on 20th December 2018 after a round table discussion with officers responsible for the management of statistics in the four agricultural sub-sectors in Fiji; Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Fisheries, Ministry of Forestry and Ministry of Sugar.
Key stakeholders and data users from four (4) respective Ministries were identified and invited to be part of the extended Technical Working Group.

The TWG Committee was responsible for overall planning and direction of 2020 FAC, provided advice, support and assisted in executing Agriculture Census that ensures collection of quality data and meets the needs of users.
It was Coordinated and Chaired by 2020FAC Coordinator, the Chief Economist of Ministry of Agriculture and members were Principals and Senior Technical Officers from eight Ministries and consultants from FAO.

Meetings were conducted on monthly basis to ensure effective and timely implementation of the 2020FAC Work plan.
(See Table 2.2 for names of TWG members) Table 2.2: Members of Technical Working Group Position Ministry Chief Economist Ministry of Agriculture Director Crop Extension Division Director Animal Health & Production Director of Planning, Policy and Research Principal Economic Planning Officer Senior Economic Planning Officer Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Sugar Industry Ministry of Fisheries Ministry of Fisheries 21 Role National Census Coordinator/Chairperson Member Member Member Member Member Position Ministry Principal Economic Planning Officer Senior Forestry Officer Chief Statistician (Economics) Chief Statistician (Social Statistics) Principal Statistician Principal Economic Planning Officer Principal Research Officer Senior Women Interest Officer Manager Director Development Services Consultants Rasmiyya Aliyeva (Statistician) Senior Economic Planning Officer (Statistics Senior Economic Planning Officer (Budget) Economic Planning Officer (GIS) Project Staff Ministry of Forestry Ministry of Forestry Fiji Bureau of Statistics Fiji Bureau of Statistics Fiji Bureau of Statistics Ministry of Rural & Maritime Development Ministry of Women, Children and Poverty Alleviation Ministry of Women, Children and Poverty Alleviation Fiji National Food and Nutrition Centre Ministry of iTaukei Affairs UNFAO FAO Sub-regional office for Pacific Island Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture Figure 2.4: 2020FAC Technical Working Group Meeting Role Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Secretariat Member Members 2020FAC Technical Working Group Meeting at Main Census Operation Room 22 2.2.3: Fiji Agriculture Census Operation Structure The NSC appointed Permanent Secretary of Agriculture as 2020FAC Commissioner.
The Agriculture Census Commissioner was assisted by the Agriculture Census National Coordinator, who is the Chief Economist responsible for Economic Planning and Statistics Division of the Ministry.

The 2020FAC National Coordinator was accountable to the Agriculture Census Commissioner for all Agriculture census activities.

Working under the Agriculture Census National Coordinator was the Agriculture Census Field Coordinator who was the Director Crop Extension.
The Agriculture Census Field Coordinator was responsible for all preparatory activities connected with agriculture census field operation and is responsible for supervision of all Regional Coordinators.

Figure 2.5: Organization Structure The 2020FAC engaged 430 enumerators (36% male, 64% female), 146 field supervisors and 118 area coordinators who were trained and deployed to collect information.
Out of the 118 Area Coordinators, 84% from Ministry of Agriculture, 8% from Ministry of Fisheries, 4% from Ministry of Forestry, and 3% from Ministry of iTaukei Affairs.

All field supervisors were selected from the Ministry of Agriculture Headquarters Team consists of ten government officials selected from five Ministries who were part of the Technical Group.

All data processing activity were carried out at the Main Census Data Processing Room.
Two MoA IT officers were responsible for coordinating IT activities at the three main Regional census office during the census period.
23 Figure 2.6: Survey Solution Headquarter Staff Operating at Census Data Processing Room 2020FAC Main Data Processing Centre – Headquarter Staff from 5 Ministries performing final checks on all questionnaires received from the field before final approval Table 2.3: Distribution of 2020FAC Staff during field operation Census Staff Central Eastern Northern Western Total Number of Regional Coordinators Number of Headquarters Staff Number of Area Coordinators Number of Field Supervisors Number of Enumerators 1 3 31 37 114 1 2 16 23 54 1 3 31 40 122 1 2 40 46 140 4 10 118 146 430 2.2.4: Establishment of 2020FAC Operation Room The 2020FAC operation room was established in October 2019 at level 2, New Wing Robinson Complex, Ministry of Agriculture Headquarters, Raiwaqa.
The room was occupied by the following Teams; Mapping and GIS, Questionnaire Design, Statistics IT, Data Processing, Logistics, Field Assistants, Field Supervisors and Consultants.

Infrastructure upgrade to support CAPI system includes; Installation of TV screen, high speed internet, teleconferencing equipment, computers, laptops for live coverage of census, quality checks, verification, team brief, and other related activities concerning census delivery.
Maps were printed and presented to highlight demarcated enumeration areas and guide for logistics plan.

24 Figure 2.7: 2020FAC Main Operation room 2020FAC Main Operation Centre, Raiwaqa Office 2020FAC Main Operation Centre, Raiwaqa Office At field level, MoA regional offices were upgraded and equipped to support 2020FAC process.

This includes installation of computers, TV Screen, high speed internet, and Camera for communication, quality checks, verification and clarification of issues, etc.
It was also recommended that the 2020FAC setup at regional offices will remain after the census operation to support sustainability of agricultural statistical system.

The distribution of 2020FAC Major Equipment’s across the four regions is tabulated below.
Table 2.4: Distribution of Major Census Equipment’s across Regions Items Desktops Laptops TV Screen Video Teleconferencing Internet Modem Cordless Phones First Aid Kit Power banks Torches Census Bags Tablets Census Uniform Calculator HQ/Eastern 20 16 2 1 7 1 23 9 23 64 88 106 54 Central 5 18 1 1 7 1 34 50 37 114 168 186 109 North 5 18 1 1 7 1 40 46 40 122 175 197 122 West 5 18 1 1 7 1 44 50 56 140 209 229 140 Total 27 70 5 4 28 4 141 155 156 440 640 718 425 25 Figure 2.8: 2020FAC Northern Operation room MoA IT officers setting up the Northern Census Regional HQ MoA IT officers setting up the Northern Census Regional HQ 2.2.5: Regional Coordinators Awareness In January 2020, the Fiji Agriculture Census Commissioner appointed all Agriculture Regional Managers as 2020FAC Regional Coordinators for the purpose of organising and administrating the enumeration exercise in their Division.
Regional Coordinators Training was conducted and attended by Principal Officers of four (4) Ministries in all Geographical Divisions.
Figure 2.9: 2020FAC Regional Coordinators Awareness Workshop 2020FAC Regional Coordinators Awareness Workshop at Tanoa Hotel, Nadi 26 2.3 BUDGET AND PLANNING 2.3.1 Budget The Fijian Government is aware of the high demand of Agriculture Information and the urgent need to establish a sustainable Agriculture Statistics System for Fiji, therefore, allocated $4.5 million (FJD) to Ministry of Agriculture in 2019/20 fiscal year for agriculture census preparatory work and also for actual implementation of 2020 Fiji Agriculture Census (FAC).
The UN Food & Agriculture Organization continued to assist the development of agriculture statistics and censuses through Technical support worth of $762,000 (FJD).
The largest budget proportion of 63.6% was allocated for Enumerators Training and Field Data Collection Operation, followed by 11.0% for Procurement of Field Data Operation Equipment’s, 10.5% for procurement and production of Promotional items, 4.8% for Contingencies, 4.4% for Training of Supervisors and Area Coordinators, 2.7% for awareness activities, 1.7% for establishing the Census Operation HQ and remained 1.4% was for other census activities listed in Table 2.5 below.

.
.

The largest budget in Enumerators Training and Field Data Collection Operation was spent on wages of enumerators, allowances, training and other costing.
Table 2.5: Budget Allocation for Major Census Activities Major Activity Establishing the Census Operation HQ Organizing Steering Committee Organizing TWG Committee Launching Awareness Procurement and Production of 2020FAC Promotional Items Awareness Activities Questionnaire Design Evaluate options for CAPI, processing and outputs Setting up IT infrastructure and system testing 2020FAC Pilot Exercise Data User Conference Procurement of Census Operation Items and Equipment’s Training of Supervisors & Area Coordinators Census Enumerators Training and Field Data Collection Operation Contingencies Total 2020FAC Budget 2.3.2 Work plan Budget Allocation (FJD) 74,834.62 4,050.00 12,960.00 9,262.00 471,862.50 122,495.15 2,066.40 7,790.80 7,839.00 8,731.96 9,000.00 493,946.00 199,666.10 2,861,209.76 214,285.71 4,500,000.00 In addition to budgeting, the other important thing is scheduling.
In this regard, the first thing to be prepared is network planning.

The network planning is a draft of schedule of activities, which is useful to arrange the census activities, identify which ones are critical path activities and which are not, and determine the best working method.
27 Table 2.6: 2020 National Agriculture Census Workplan MAJOR ACTIVITY 2018/2019 2019/20 2020/2021 Output 1: Updated List of Agriculture Holdings Activity 1.1: Review of Farmers Listing Activity 1.2: Plotting of Large Scale Farms (GPS) Activity 1.3: Entering the New Farming Household (C,SC,S) in to the Computer Activity 1.4: Map the Large Scale Farms Output 2: Determined Agriculture Census Enumeration Areas/Boundaries Activity 2.1: Demarcation of Agriculture Census Boundaries Activity 2.2: Determining the Size of Enumeration Areas Activity 2.3: Allocating the Enumeration Areas/Boundaries Output: 3: Structure for Census Operation Activity 3.1: Establishing the Census Operation HQ Activity 3.2: Estimating the Required Resources Activity 3:3: Prepare Work Plans and Estimating Budget Activity 3.4: Defining the Census Scope & Objective Activity 3.5: Formulating Preliminary Content and methodology Activity 3.6: Organizing Steering Committee Activity 3.7: Organizing TWG Committee Activity 3.8: Formulating the Cabinet Submission Activity 3.9: Country Visit- Census Study Tour - Key Census Staff Activity 3.10: Evaluate options for CAPI, processing and outputs Activity 3.11: Preparing FAO TCP Proposal Output: 4: Census Development Activity 4.1: Preparing Tabulation Plan 28 Table 2.6: 2020 National Agriculture Census Workplan MAJOR ACTIVITY 2018/2019 2019/20 2020/2021 Activity 4.2: Prepare data dissemination plan Activity 4.3: Prepare awareness and publicity plan ( incl logo etc) Activity 4.4: Finalize requirements and Procurement of Equipment Activity 4.5: Finalizing Content, Concepts and Definitions Activity 4.6: Designing & Testing Questionnaires (separate questionnaire for hhld and LSF, institutions?)
Activity 4.2: Preparing Editing Specifications Activity 4.7: Conducting Data User Conference Activity 4.8: Preparing Manuals Activity 4.9: Setting up IT infrastructure and system testing Activity 4.10: Setting up CAPI Management & Output System Activity 4.11: Designing a CS Pro Data Processing & Tabulation System Activity 4.12: Conducting the Pilot Census (Training, Operation, Analysis, etc.)
Activity 4.13: Evaluate pilot and finalize Census methodology, plan, instruments, manuals Activity 4.14: Printing Census Materials and distributing materials, tablets etc.
Activity 4.15: Conducting Census Public Awareness & Promotion Materials Output 5: Collected 2020 Agriculture Census Data Activity 5.1: Organizing the Census Field Operation Activity 5.2: Recruiting Census Staff Activity 5:3: Training Coordinators, Supervisors & Office Staff Activity 5.4: Training Enumerators (including Mock Exercise) Activity 5.5: Collecting Census Data 29 Table 2.6: 2020 National Agriculture Census Workplan MAJOR ACTIVITY 2018/2019 2019/20 2020/2021 Activity 5.6: Conducting Supervisors and Headquarters Verification Check Activity 5.7: Conducting Quality Checks (Post- Enumeration Survey) Output 6: A secured and cleaned Database Activity 6.1: Recruiting and Training Data Processing Staff Activity 6.2: Validating Census Data Activity 6.3: Extracting & Validating Census Tables Activity 6.4: Analyzing Census Results Output 7: Disseminated 2020 Agriculture Census Results Activity 7.1: Formulating a Census Report Activity 7.2: Preparing Publication (Hard Copy, CD) Activity 7.3: Prepare other outputs.
Maps etc Activity 7.4: Conducting Dissemination Seminars and Workshops Activity 7.5: Establishing a Website for Agriculture Statistics Output 8: Short and Medium Term Plan Formulated Activity 8.1: Reviewing the Survey & Census Plan Activity 8.2: Update farmers listing and establish ongoing frame maintenance procedures Activity 8.3: Formulating Statistics Training and Succession Plan 30 2.4 PUBLICITY The 2020FAC was officially launched on 18th October 2019 at Grand Pacific Hotel in conjunction with the third National Steering Committee Meeting at which the content of the Questionnaire was endorsed.
The awareness plan was launched to gain the support and cooperation of all households and institutions engaged in agricultural activities in the country.

Awareness Team from the Economic Planning & Statistics Division were deployed to all provinces, schools, Government agencies and agricultural institutions for distribution of promotional materials and awareness consultations.
Launching of the 2020FAC Awareness Campaign 2020FAC Awareness Committee planning meeting Awareness at District Office 2020FAC Street Banner at Labasa Agriculture Office, Northern Division MoA Officials posting 2020FAC Banners The District Officers, Advisory Councils and Village leaders were the point of contacts during the awareness exercise.

A media campaign advertising the 2020FAC was aired through local TV, radio networks and Cinema advertisement.
Regular radio talkback shows were organized on a fortnightly basis leading up to the census.
Other awareness mode were through; printed banners, posters stickers bags, T-shirts caps Leaflets and pamphlets (English and iTaukei language)         MoA Facebook Page 31 Promotional Item 1: Tote bag Promotional Item 2:Blue Umbrella Reflector for Field Supervisor Promotional Item 3: Black Umbrella Promotional Item 4: Notebook Reflector for Area Coorindator Promotional Item 5: Blue T- Shirt Promotional Item 6: Feather drop down banner Raincoat for Field Operation Promotional Item 7: 2020FAC Shirt 32 2.5 RECRUITMENT OF ENUMERATORS The mass recruitment of 430 enumerators was conducted in four geographical divisions on 12th December 2019 to accommodate the data collection needs of the 2020FAC.
The recruitment of these officers considered the existing OMRS process of the Fijian Civic Service.

The table below highlights the chronological events undertaken to ensure successful recruitment of enumerators.

Attach as Annexure 6 & 7 are recruitment documents.
Table 2.7: Chronological Events of 2020FAC Recruitment Activities Activity Job Advertisement- Fiji Sun Newspaper Application Close 4.00pm Registration of Applications Short Listing Job Test Submission to PS/Minister Training of Enumerators Successful Candidates issued with Appointment Letters 2.6 TRAINING Date 30th November 2019 6th December 2019 5th - 8th December 2019 9th December 2019 12th December 2019 16th December 2019 20th - 31st January 2020 7th February 2020 There were eleven trainings held across the country from December 2019 to February 2020.
These includes training for Area Coordinators, Field Supervisors, Enumerators and Headquarters Staff.

Training manual is attached as Annexure 4 to this report.

All trainings s were facilitated by National Agriculture Census Coordinator, FAO Consultants and selected officers from Economic Planning & Statistics Division.
2.6.1 Area Coordinators Area Coordinators training was the first to be conducted in two different locations (Tanoa International Hotel, Nadi and NFNC Conference room, Labasa) on 11th to 13th December 2020 which accommodated 118 selected technical officers from Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Fisheries, Ministry of Forestry, Ministry of iTaukei Affairs and Ministry of Rural and Maritime Development.
Table 2.8: Scope and Objectives of Area Coordinators Training Day 11/12/2019 Session 1st Session Themes Importance of Statistics Agriculture Mainstreaming & in Gender 2nd Session Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) Learning Objectives  Understand the importance of Statistics and the conduct of 2020 FAC  Have the Gender lenses in data collection, management, processing and dissemination Know the CAPI system and Survey Solution Know the difference between Administrator, HQ and Supervisor/Area Coordinator    Understand and familiar with the workflow of to access Supervisor/Area and Understand Survey Solution how Know Coordinator account Know Coordinator primary functions the use of familiar with Know Supervisor/Area Coordinator to approve/reject completed cases Know about creating field reports Supervisor/Area and     33 Know the content of the Questionnaire   Understand the purpose of each section and  Understand and familiar with the flow of Themes Comprehensive practice with Headquarters, Supervisors and Interviewer Learning Objectives Day 12/12/2019 13/12/2019 Session Session 3rd (Practical Exercise) 4th Session 5th Session 1st Session 2nd Session 3rd Session 4th Session 5th Session 6th Session 1st Session 2nd Session 3rd Session 4th Session questions Questions Mock Trial (Interviewer, Supervisor, HQ) by Group Group Presentation Introduction of 2020 FAC Questionnaire (Section 1 – 3) Introduction of 2020 FAC Questionnaire (Section 4- 9) Introduction of 2020 FAC Questionnaire (Section 10- 13) Practical - Comprehensive practice on checking of questions using Supervisors account Mock Trial (Interviewer, Supervisor, HQ) by Group Group Presentation- overall experience of Training in Day 2 Review Exercise Practical Operation Practical Operation Group Presentation Exercise Test Understand and familiar with the operation of CAPI System, features and Role of AC’s The training materials such as Programs, Tests, Presentations and Photos can be found in Annexure 8 to 12 2020FAC Area Coordinators Training for Central, Eastern and Western Staff 2020FAC Area Coordinators Training for Northern Staff 2020FAC Area Coordinators Training for Central, Eastern and Western Staff 34 2.6.2 Field Supervisors Field Supervisors (FS) training was conducted in two different locations; Tanoa International Hotel Nadi and National Gymnasium, Suva on 13th to 17th January 2020.
The three days training covered themes highlighted below.

Introduction on Fiji Agriculture Statistics System Introduction on Agriculture Census Introduction on CAPI System 2020 FAC Questionnaire Development Complete Orientation on 2020FAC Questionnaire       Roles and Responsibility of Field Supervisors  Enumeration Workplan and Resources  EA Coverage Planning The one week program covered series of presentations, quizzes, group discussions, mock exercises, planning and workplan formulations.
Field Supervisors of Naitasiri province formulating their enumeration area workplan using district enumeration boundary Field Supervisors Training at Central Division – establishing their enumeration area workplan Field Supervisors Training at Western Division Field Supervisors Training at Western Division Attached as Annexure 13 - 19 are the training program, quiz, presentations and photos 35 2.6.3 Enumerators A total of 430 Enumerators attended two weeks training course at seven (7) different training venues prior to data collection.
The seven (7) training centres were: Central Division – Suva Civic Centre and CCC Church Hall in Nausori, Eastern Division – Southern Cross Hotel,    Western Division – Tanoa International Hotel and Civic Centre in Ba and  Northern Division – AOG Church in Labasa and Yaroi Village Hall in Cakaudrove.

These trainings were conducted from 20th – 30th January 2020; the programme included a first week classroom session and 2nd week field exercise.
The training materials and contents are attached as annexures.
Enumerators Training at Suva Civic Centre, Central Division 2020FAC Consultants at the Area Coordinators Training in Northern Division Field Supervisors Training at Western Division 36 Field Supervisors Training at Western Division Table 2.9: Timeline for 2020FAC Trainings Training Area Coordinators Training Location Central, Western & Eastern Division Northern Division Field Supervisors Training Western, Northern Division Enumerators Training Headquarters Training Central, Eastern Division Central, Eastern & Western Division Northern Division FAC Operation Room Timeline 11th – 13th December 2019 18th – 20th December 2019 13th – 17th January 2020 13th – 17th January 2020 20th – 28th January 2020 22nd – 30th January 2020 6th – 7th February 2020 Enumerators Training at Western Division Enumerators Training at Western Division Enumerators Training at Ba Civic Centre Enumerators Training at Southern Cross Hotel Enumerators in Northern Division trialling out the 2020FAC Data Collection Tool 37 Chapter 3 Methodology 38 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 3.1 Authority for the Agriculture Census The Government of Fiji, through a Cabinet decision on 17 May 2019, approved the Implementation of the 2020 Fiji Agriculture Census by the MoA.
3.2 Objectives The aim of the agricultural census is to provide basic structural data on agriculture such as farm sizes, cropping patterns, and use of machinery and inputs, etc.

Specifically, the objectives of 2020FAC were;      To provide baseline data on the structure of Fiji’s agriculture sector.

To improve and update Fiji’s Agriculture and Rural Statistics System capacity to generate quality agricultural data.
To provide evidence for planning and policy decision making in the agriculture sector and national development.

To provide an updated listing frame for future agriculture censuses and surveys.

To provide basic data to help monitor progress of the agriculture sector towards national, regional and global development targets, in particular the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

3.3 Scope The 2020FAC aims to measure the structure of Fiji’s agriculture sector.
The scope covers all four agricultural sub- sectors: crop, livestock, fisheries, forestry; and incorporates all related activities.

This was not possible with previous censuses due their limited scope, which only captured information on crop and livestock, with coverage on other sub-sectors only recorded if the interviewed farming households also practiced these activities.

In the present agriculture census, data has been collected at household and institutional (holding) levels.
Institutional data has been collected from institutions like schools, group-owned farming organizations and large commercial farms that are not owned by households.

Figure 3.1 2020FAC Coverage 3.4 Coverage For the purpose of the 2020FAC, 81,943 households were visited, whereby 71,631 were successfully interviewed.
The attempts to interview the remaining 10,312 households were not successful due to the following reasons:  Refusal to interview after three attempts  Entire household absent for six months or more  No household member at home despite three visits Out of the 71,631households interviewed, 99.1% (70,991) were involved in agricultural activities.

These households came from 197 districts and 4,178 localities in rural and part of the peri-urban areas of Fiji.
The selection of areas in the peri-urban sector was based on the result of the 2017 Population and Housing Census.

The selected areas were 39 identified, verified on the ground and demarcated by the MoA GIS team before they were recognized as the 2020FAC boundary.

The previous four agriculture censuses (1968, 1978, 1991, and 2009) were conducted on a sample basis, and covered only rural and maritime areas due to limitations on budget and other resources.
This restricted coverage resulted in truncating the scope of farming households and farmers in Fiji and, therefore, provided an incomplete frame for agriculture production surveys that were subsequently conducted by MoA.

However, the 2020FAC is the first ever agriculture census conducted on a complete enumeration basis encompassing all the four sub-sectors of agriculture and covering the entire rural and part of the peri-urban areas in Fiji where agriculture is commonly practiced.
This census will, therefore, generate a complete frame for future agriculture surveys that will be conducted by MoA and other interested agencies.
Table 3.1: Coverage of 2020FAC by Sectors Division Sector Number Localities of Total Household Visited Total Household Interviewed Central Eastern Northern Western TOTAL Rural Part of Peri-urban Total Rural Part of Peri-urban Total Rural Part of Peri-urban Total Rural Part of Peri-urban Total Agriculture Total Household Interviewed 15,819 2,210 18,029 5,776 193 5,969 17,864 2,358 20,222 22,059 4,712 26,771 70,991 3.6 Demarcation of 2020FAC Enumeration Areas A vital component of the census work is the delineation of statistical areas which are referred to as Enumeration Areas (EAs) for field enumeration – the spatial foundation for census datasets.
In this process, the entire land area of the country is subdivided into smaller units that can be easily covered by enumerators during enumeration period.

The existing administrative Tikina (District) boundary of Fiji was found to be the best unit that divides up the entire country, therefore was adopted for the first time as ‘Fiji Agriculture Census Enumeration Areas’.

Fiji has a total of 197 districts with the inclusion of Rabi and the seven districts of Rotuma.
These altogether forms EAs for 2020 Fiji Agriculture Census (FAC).

Figure 3.2 2020FAC Demarcation Exercise Preparation Field Supervisor Viliame Naiorosui with Field Assistant Eremasi marking the Enumeration Area boundaries 40 Since this area includes some of the major residential subdivisions of the major towns and cities where majority of the households are engaged in non- agricultural activities, a demarcation work was carried out in order to carefully delineate this boundary within the peri urban areas.
Economic criterion has been a key criterion for this delineation process.

The portion of the economically active population who were in agricultural activities was carefully engaged identified and also mapped out for census.

Therefore the overall coverage for Census were from all the rural districts of Fiji and part of peri-urban areas.

Refer to Volume 2 of 2020FAC Publications for detail and output of this exercise.
Identified areas in the Peri-urban areas with extensive use of agriculture activities 3.7 Questionnaire The 2020FAC Questionnaire design considered the following baseline characteristics: previous census questions and internationally recommended questions by WCA 2020, data needs for monitoring SDGs, addressing issues related to food security, poverty, gender equality, globalization of markets, etc.

The following thematic areas were adopted: I.

Household Composition II.

Household Particulars III.


Farm Land IV.

Crops on Farm Land V. Livestock Farming VI.

Forestry VII.

Fisheries VIII.

Aquaculture IX.

Climate Change and Challenges X.

Equipment XI.

Agriculture Services XII.

Food Insecurity Details of data captured on different themes can be found in Annex 2.
To start, MoA, through the Fiji Agriculture & Rural Statistics Unit (FARS), designed two questionnaires: (i) Households and (ii) Institutions (non-households) with technical assistance and guidance from FAO consultants, the Technical Working Group (TWG) and technical staff of all the sub-sectors (crop, livestock, fisheries and forestry).

The 2020FAC questionnaire was designed after the scope, coverage and approach were determined.
The following were agreed upon:  Type of Holding: Both the Household and Institutional (non-household) Holdings were targeted  Method of Data Collection: The electronic questionnaire was designed on World Bank Survey Solution Questionnaire Designer software as the tool for conducting face-to-face interviews.
Data items were determined from the following: 41 Output of Questionnaire Framework: “Essential Themes and Frame items” that was circulated to core agricultural agencies: Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Forestry and Ministry of Fisheries (see Figure 3- Planning Matrix for identifying Essential and Frame Items for 2020FAC).
Figure 3.3: Planning Matrix for identifying Essential and Frame Items for 2020FAC E F Essential Item Frame item for future in depth survey Outputs or data needs were identified from the following internal and external stakeholders’ consultations:  June 2019 @ 10am to 4.00pm: MoA, Crop Extension Division  June 2019 @ 10am to 4.00pm : MoA, Animal Health & Production Division  June 2019 @ 10am to 1.00pm : Ministry of Fisheries  June 2019 @ 2pm to 4.30pm : Ministry of Health (National Food & Nutrition Centre)  June 2019 @ 9am to 10.00am : Ministry of Rural & Maritime Development  5 June 2019 @ 11am to 1.00pm : Ministry of Women, Children and Poverty Alleviation  5June 2019 @ 2pm to 4.00pm : Ministry of iTaukei Affairs Primary Reference Documents: World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020, 2009 National Agriculture Census Questionnaire The identified data items were mapped and analyzed based on other alternative sources, priorities and frames for future in-depth surveys.
As a result, 13 sections were introduced which contained 413 questions.

The Questionnaire was designed on the World Bank Survey Solution Questionnaire Designer software proposed by FAO as part of the CAPI system.

The Questionnaire designer used a structural design that allows easy flow and capture of information supported by the use of rosters (even rosters within rosters), sections and subsections.
An administrator had to assign users for the enumerators, area coordinators (supervisors) and headquarters staff.

42 A draft questionnaire was presented at the TWG Meeting and Data User Conference on 29 November 2019 at Tanoa International Hotel, Suva, followed by consultation with Professors from Fiji National University and University of the South Pacific who were invited to scrutinize the 2020FAC Draft Questionnaire.
The questionnaire was finalized after incorporating inputs received from these consultations.

Table 3.2: 2020FAC Questionnaire Component and Linkage to SDG Section Purpose Data Items SDG Linkage 1.
Household Composition is to determine The purpose of this section Households that mainly relies on Agriculture as main economic activity, identify the population that considered farming or fishing or forest activity as their primary and secondary occupation and those that only assist in agricultural activities in Fiji.

And also determine and analyze the role of women in agriculture sector.
Data collected from this section is also useful in determining the frame for special gender surveys and other agricultural related surveys in the future.

is useful Data collected for in this section infrastructure development planning that could support the initiatives and plans of Government agencies in the Economic sectors in promoting economic growth, employment creation, reducing poverty and ensuring sustainability of livelihood of all Fijians who relies on Agriculture as their main economic activity.
This section is also useful in identifying vulnerable areas in farming and depth of impact a disaster can create to farms and households and project identification process which measures the impact of farming in the well-being of every agricultural household.

2.

Housing Particulars 3.
Land 43 – Sex, Household Members Relationship to Head, Age, Religion, Marital Status, Highest Education Completed, Mobile Contacts (Farmer, Fisher, Forester), Economic Activity Occupation, Secondary Occupation), Occupation Status, Involvement in Agriculture Activities, Savings, Attended any Agriculture Training, Functioning Challenges (Primary Household- Type of House, Type of Building Material for Outer Walls, Main Source of Water Supply, Use for Cooking, Type of Toilet Facility, Household Durables Number of Piece of Land Operated by Household, Location of the Farm [Province, District], Land Land Tenureship, Ownership, Land Number of Years of Operating Land for Agriculture purpose, Land Area, Land Use Type, Accessibility to Farm Land Section Purpose Data Items SDG Linkage Type of Crops, Method of Planting, Areas, Plants, Production, Market, Type of Farm Input Number of Type of Livestock, Method of Keeping Stock Population, Production, Market, Livestock Feed & Services Livestock, Type of Forest Areas, Uses of Natural/Plantation forest, Purpose of Harvesting, Type of Species planted on forest land, Number of years ago were the Natural/Planted Forest trees planted, Operated Nursery, Deforestation for farming purpose, Impact of Natural Disaster Data Collected in this section will be used as a sampling frame for crop surveys in the future and also a complete enumeration census provides an unique opportunity to determine the status and structure of crop farming in the country.
Production data in an agricultural census are useful as benchmarks for current crop production statistics and determine the different utilization rate of harvested crops, and use of fertilizers and chemicals which is useful in assessing and analyzing its impact to the Environment.

Livestock refers to all animals & birds kept or reared in captivity mainly for agricultural purposes.

This includes cattle, horses, sheep, goats and pigs, as well as poultry and bees.
This section covered all livestock that were raised on the household farm during the census period.

The number of livestock is one of the essential items of the agricultural census, and is especially useful as a means of providing sampling frames for detail livestock surveys.

Production data in an agricultural census are useful as benchmarks for current livestock production statistics.
Items in this section will also provide data on the type of markets used by farmers, value of production, and proportion of production used for consumption and sales, type of feeds used, and veterinary services.

4.

Crop Production 5.

Livestock 6.

Forestry 44 Section Purpose Data Items SDG Linkage 7.

Fishing 8.

Aquaculture This section provides items that captured fisheries activities conducted at household level.
It was not large-scale intended to cover the activities of commercial fishing enterprises.

The items was collected either from fishers who also have agricultural farms, or for other households as well when conducting a wider agricultural census.

In this census, the items would be collected for fishers who don’t have farms and also fishers who have farms.
In this case, the data collected should provide a complete frame of household capture fisheries activities or a complete picture of household fisheries in the country.

These data would provide a more complete account of household fishing activities of the nation.

Production data in an agricultural census are useful as benchmarks for current informal production statistics.
Data collected in this section is useful for assessing food and nutrition security in Fiji, income generating activities in rural areas, and other economic indicators for both man and woman at different age groups in Rural Areas.
Usual area of collecting fish, Main Mode of Transportation to area of collecting fish, Methods of Fishing, Type of Fish, Production/Harvesting, Market Type of Aquaculture farming practiced, Type of Water used for Aquaculture farming, Type of Aquatic Organisms, Production/Harvest, Market and Feed 9.
Climate Change This section provided data on the farmers level of understanding on climate change, measures the level of Climate Change awareness platforms implemented by the Government agencies at the lowest administrative units per regions, impact of climate change and causes of changes by geographical areas, adoption of climate change mitigation practices by farmers and species of trees planted for agroforestry.
Understanding Climate Change, Noticed or Observed any change by type, Causes of Change, Frequency of Occurrence, Climate Adoption/Mitigation Practice 45 Section Purpose Data Items SDG Linkage 10.

Equipment 11.
Equipment 11.

Agriculture Services Types, Qty and Ownership of Hand Tools, Small Machineries and Heavy Machineries Accessibility to Agriculture Finance (Source, Purpose and Responsible member for Loan), Accessibility to Government Assistance, Accessibility to Market A broad concept of machinery and equipment is used for the agricultural census, covering all machinery, equipment and implements used as inputs to agricultural production.
This includes everything from simple hand tools, such as a hoe, to complex machinery, such as a combine harvester.

interest centers on farm However, the main mechanization.
This section provided data on Inventories of all Farming Equipment’s in the country, Baseline Information used for Impact/Damage Assessment of any Natural Disasters in the country, Baseline Information for providing Rehab-Assistance in terms of equipment’s after disasters, Farm Mechanization areas, Ratio of Farm to Machineries by Geographical Areas that could be a challenge for moving towards Commercial Farming, Number of Farmers who owned, hired and borrowed hand tools, small machineries and heavy machineries, Total Value of Assets of the Agriculture Sector Credit for agricultural purposes refers to any type of credit approved and available for purposes related to the operations of the agricultural holding.
This includes credit for purchasing crop and livestock inputs, constructing farm buildings and purchasing farm machinery.

Credit not related to agricultural operations, such as for construction of the holder’s house, for consumption expenditure, should be excluded.

Data from this section can also be used as basis of evaluating Government (MoA) interventions over the years and status of farmers market accessibility in Fiji as we move towards commercialization family businesses or for other 12.
Household Food Security Household food security refers to the situation in which all members of a household at all times are consuming enough safe and nutritious food for normal growth and development and for an active and healthy life.

A household is food-insecure if it is not able to procure enough food or if its members are unable to eat adequate safe or nutritious food due to limited resources.
Food insecurity refers to conditions related to a household not producing enough food and not having enough resources to buy.

46 Have access to food to feed family a balanced meal three times a day?

A time when a household ran out of food because of a lack of money or other resources?
Section Purpose Data Items SDG Linkage This section can produce information that can assist planners and decision makers in evaluating the level of intervention by the Ministry over the years through Programs that procures and distribute planting materials, seeds and seedlings to the farmers.

Also, will assist in evaluating, modifying and aligning existing policies, strategies and programs that can improve food and nutrition security for all Fijians.
3.8 Pilot Census A Pilot Census was carried out in selected localities throughout Fiji to test the questionnaires, data collection methods, the training programme for field staff, instruction manuals, data editing and coding procedures, data processing and tabulation.

The first questionnaire pre-test was conducted in-house from 20–26 June 2019, before the first field pre-test, which was undertaken on 10 July 2019.

The main purpose was to test the flow and structure of questions in the questionnaire.
Two teams of enumerators and observers from four ministries (Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Fisheries, Ministry of Forestry and Ministry of Women) were deployed in Deuba District, Serua, for field pre-test.

The second pre-test was conducted in the Sigatoka area along the sugarcane belt-areas in Ba.

The duration of interview per questionnaire and enumerators depth of understanding on 2020FAC questionnaire was also tested.
The results of the Pilot Census were utilized to make further improvements in the census instruments including the data processing system.

A complete set of tables was produced using data from the pilot to evaluate the quality of data and tabulation software.
47 Selected officials from Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Fisheries and Forestry that were engaged in the Pilot Census Training Ministry of Fisheries officials at the Pilot Census Training at HQ Officers familiarising themselves with the Tablet Pilot Census Training at the 2020FAC Operation Room HQ National Agriculture Census Coordinator closing the Pilot Census Training 48 2020FAC Pilot Exercise Operation Pilot Census Online Coverage map- Survey Solution Software MoA officer conducting interview during the Pilot Census – Western Division Pilot Exercise in Western Division 49 3.9 Field Operation Manual The manuals are very helpful in establishing the procedures to be followed and the work expected to be carried out during such large-scale data collection exercises.
The majority of the staff could carry out the census work and resolve the challenges in their own way, but it is essential that they all proceeded in the same manner at all levels (high-level staff, supervisors, enumerators).

For this, they must follow the same concept, definitions and procedures.

With a comprehensive instruction manual, it is much easier to achieve this objective and maintain data comparability.
There were two manuals prepared for the 2020FAC: • • Field Operation Manual for Enumerators and Field Supervisors Data Verification Manual for Area Coordinators (Supervisors) Both the manuals clearly lay down concepts, definitions, procedures and instructions that are relevant to the nature of field operation and office data verification using the survey solution supervisors’ account.
Due to time and resource constraints, the activities for both the questionnaire and manual development were undertaken simultaneously under the guidance of FAO Consultants.
Thorough consultations with Technical Operational Divisions, Crop Extension, Animal Health and Production, Ministry of Fisheries and Ministry of Forestry, along with the clear process documented in the 2017 Population & Housing Supervisors Manual, contributed to the successful drafting of 2020FAC Field Operation Manual and Area Coordinators Manual.

Apart from the Consultation, the 2009 NAC Field Operation Manual was also used as a reference document.
The draft manual was used at the Area Coordinators, Field Supervisors and Enumerators Training.

Thereafter, it was updated incorporating the feedback and printed in a handy A5-size document convenient for Enumerators and Field Supervisors, and was made available a week before the field work for census commenced on 10 February 2020.
The content of the two manuals are as follows; Field Operation Manual Part 1: Overview of 2020FAC (Introduction, Coverage, Scope, Reference Period, Concepts and Definitions) Part 2: Roles and Responsibility – Enumerator and Field Supervisor (Responsibility and Terms and Conditions of Service) Part 3: Field Operation Structure and CAPI system Structure Part 4: Survey Operations (Interview Techniques, Hours of Work, Enumeration Area, Method & Techniques of Covering EA and Map Reading, Approach of Addressing Empty Dwellings and Refusals, Method of Last Coverage Checks and Labelling, Data Quality Control) Part 5: 2020FAC Questionnaire Components Area Coordinators Manual Part 1: Terms of Reference and Roles Part 2: Instructions of how to use features exist in the CAPI Supervisors account 50 3.10 Census Reference Period The census has two main reference periods – namely, the census reference year and the census reference day.
The 2020 Fiji Agriculture Census used a reference year on a fixed period of twelve months from the date of census (10th February 2019 – 10th February 2020) whilst specific items had the enumeration day as time reference: Farm land parcel identification and legal status of farmer, household composition (de-jure- past 6 months), holding area, number of parcels, tenure, number of trees, area under compact plantation of banana, plantain and coconut, livestock, machinery and equipment owned, membership to farm organizations.
The census reference day is a point in time used for livestock numbers and other inventory items.

The main reference period for most questions in the 2020FAC covered the last 12 months from the date of census (10th Feb 2020).

However, for better recall and accurate reporting, shorter reference period were also included and simple calculations were recommended to capture the last 12 months data e.g.
for fishing activities, questions were referenced at weekly basis 3.11 Enumeration Period The field work of 2020 Fiji Agriculture Census was undertaken during 10 to 29 February 2020, covering 70,991 agricultural households in the rural sector and selected peri-urban boundary areas where agricultural activities are commonly practiced.

This was the first time that all four sub-sectors of agriculture: crop, livestock, fisheries and forestry were covered on a complete enumeration basis.
3.12 Use of Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) The Ministry of Agriculture adopted the Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) system through Survey Solution software on tablets for data collection during the 2020FAC.

Each census enumerator was provided with a tablet for use in the census data collection, replacing the paper questionnaires used in past censuses.

CAPI was used for both the household and institutional questionnaires.
As mentioned earlier, the census questionnaires were designed to accommodate the CAPI methodology.

Questionnaires were loaded into the tablets and the census enumerators then asked the questions as displayed on the screen and entered responses directly into the tablets.

Once an interview was completed, the questionnaire was submitted electronically to the respective area coordinator.
Within the CAPI system, the questionnaires were structured to provide a coherent sequence of questions and to lead enumerators efficiently through the questionnaire.

Each question to be asked was displayed on the screen, and questions that were not relevant based on the answers to previous questions were automatically skipped.

A comprehensive array of data validation checks was incorporated into the CAPI data collection system to help enumerators identify possible errors/outliers in the data reported.
This was done as the responses were recorded so that enumerators could correct the data on the spot.

This greatly improved data quality compared with previous censuses.

There were two types of validation checks.

The first was a check for data that were incorrect, such as the area under different land-use categories for a parcel not adding to the area of the parcel.

Here, an error message was displayed on the screen, and the enumerator was required to correct the data.
The second was a check on data that might be wrong or were unusual in some way, such as a household having 1,000 cattle.

Here, a warning message was displayed on the screen, and the enumerator had to verify with the respondent that the data were correct.

Apart from the two validation checks, there were field supervisors assigned to all enumerators to provide agriculture technical advice.

The field supervisors were required to provide last checks on all cases before they were synced daily.
51 The adoption of this new technology substantially improved the quality and transparency of data collected, shortened duration of data processing and led to timely dissemination of results for Census data users.

Across the world, some countries are leading this global trend and Fiji is part of this revolutionary move.
Figure 3.4: Structure of the 2020FAC CAPI System 3.13 Data Processing 3.13.1 Receipt and scrutiny at HQ In addition to ongoing case checks by AC and HQ staff, each day the database was downloaded from the server in SPSS format.

An automated syntax was used to produce daily update reports offering greater detail than is available in Survey Solutions reporting.

Two key reports were produced and distributed to the management team on a daily basis.
The first report produced was a daily monitoring report showing survey progress on key metrics such as farmers, agricultural activities, number of land parcels, land tenure and size, count of key crops and area planted, etc.

Secondly a report of interviewers was produced for quality control; monitoring the number of rejected cases and errors per interviewer.
3.13.2 Checking completeness Data completeness is an essential component of the data quality framework and is closely related to validity and accuracy.

If data is missing, information cannot be validated and if it’s not validated, it cannot be considered accurate.

With Survey Solutions, data cleaning should be minimal since the data entry and built-in case management systems check for most of the fieldwork problems encountered with other data entry systems.
This enables the supervisors to take advantage of CAPI by checking the quality and completeness of the data as they are collected.

If the questionnaire is designed with all relevant validation checks, enabling and filtering conditions, data verification and editing will be minimized significantly.

The 2020FAC adopted SPSS software for data processing of which manual statistical procedures was formulated to identify, delete, and replace missing values.
Despite all the validation checks and enabling conditions, there were still many incomplete cases identified during the 2020FAC data collection period resulted from technical glitch, human errors, etc.

The incomplete cases found 52 during the enumeration period were returned/rejected to Enumerators for farm revisit and verification.

However, incomplete cases found after data processing was addressed using historic and admin data.
It allowed us to use alternative sources to fill in gaps, but it did not fundamentally change the intended use of this data or alter the information stored in the census datasets from a confidentiality perspective.

Moreover, other alternative methods used were phone interview and using related information from other variables in the household questionnaire.

All these methods were undertaken in ensuring completeness and achievement of a comprehensive agriculture census data.
3.13.3 Data cleaning at HQ using computer algorithms Upon completion of fieldwork the data was exported in SPSS and several cleaning tasks were undertaken.

Although CAPI methodology greatly improves the quality of data collection there is still a small amount of cleaning work required at the end of fieldwork compared with paper based collection.

All tasks were recorded and data modified using SPSS syntax files to ensure traceability and accuracy during the cleaning process.
Cleaning activities are summarized below:   Check of numeric question for outlier values: A report was produced of all numeric variables providing descriptive statistics such as mean, median, minimum and maximum values.

This was reviewed to identify any variables with outlying values which needed to be corrected.

Check for missing values: Data was reviewed for missing values which were then populated either through call back to respondents or automatic imputation as appropriate.
 Re-coding of other specify values: All other specify values were reviewed and if required coded back into an existing code or if a large enough number of similar other specify responses were received a new answer category was created.

Locality corrections – In some instances localities in the field did not completely match the sample frame, e.g.

additional villages, village in different administration area.

In these cases localities were re-coded using SPSS syntax.
 3.13.4 Tabulation During fieldwork the tabulation system had been developed in SPSS syntax based upon the Tabulations Specifications.

The tabulations cover all questions in the questionnaire and are disaggregated by division, province and district, size of farm holding, gender, age among others.

The tabulations were run during fieldwork on interim data so they could undergo quality control checks and modifications.
Once data cleaning was complete the tabulations were run again and checked again before publication.

3.13.5 Evaluation The 2020FAC Demographic data were evaluated using the followings; 1.

2017 Population Demographic Data 2.

2018 Farmers Socio-Economic Demographic Data Land and Production data were evaluated using the followings; 1.

CBUL recipient database 2.

Annual Production Report 3.

Livestock Commodity Report 4.


Other alternative reports 3.14 Data Dissemination The products, services, dissemination methods and tools of Disseminating 2020FAC results and findings were determined through Technical Working Group Committee meetings, consultations with stakeholders and Data User Conference.

A Preliminary Report was prepared and submitted to the Permanent Secretary of Agriculture on 14th August 2020.
The final result of the 2020FAC are anticipated to be tabulated, analyzed, printed and published in four (4) Volumes; (1) Descriptive Analysis Report (2) Detail Analysis and Report of 2020FAC Enumeration Area (3) Gender Analysis Report (4) Administrative Report.

All volumes will be printed and also available at the MoA website.
It would also set up a platform for Agriculture Statistics Online Output System whereby results will be presented 53 through online dashboard system and Arc-GIS (Maps), Videos and Info-graphics.

This report covers the General Tables derived from the 2020 FAC data after statistical processing.

3.15 Data Archiving An anonymized (de-identified) version of the database in SPSS format has been produced, in which all respondent details such as names, household number and GPS co-ordinates have been removed.
These identifying variables are stored in a separate database that can be re-identified by running an SPSS syntax.

The 2020 FAC micro-data, final tables and final reports will be secured in the MoA main server located in the MoA IT room with limited access by the Stats IT Officers.

54 Chapter 4 Field Operation 55 CHAPTER 4: FIELD OPERATION 4.1 Data Collection The field operation was undertaken at division level.
A total of 430 enumerators were placed in 146 field teams headed by field supervisors (Central Division- 37, Eastern Division- 23, Northern Division- 40 and Western Division- 46).

Each field teams had 4 or 5 enumerators and one field supervisor.

All Field Team reported to 118 area coordinators who performed data scrutinization and verification before it is approved to be vetted by a team at headquarter.
This was also the first time CAPI system was adopted whereby each enumerators were provided with tablets for data collection and field supervisors as their communication tool.

About 60% of tablets used Vodafone network while 40% were accessed through Digicel network particularly in the Eastern Division.

During the operation, Telecom Fiji Limited were engaged at Regional Census Stations to assist MoA IT staff in sustaining and managing the network connectivity for smooth flow of census operation.
Figure 4.1: Enumerators collecting data during census enumeration period There were 82 vehicles from Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Infrastructure, Ministry of iTaukei Affairs, Ministry of Women, Children and Poverty Alleviation and Ministry of Rural and Maritime Development engaged where possible; transportation in Eastern Division was provided by Ministry of Infrastructure.
Figure 4.3: Enumerators collecting data during census enumeration period in Naitasiri and maritime areas The Principal Agricultural Officer (PAO) of each division and Senior Agriculture Officers (SAO) of each province was responsible for overall management of Regional and Province operation together with support of divisional administrative officers and finance personnel.
The field technical operation was coordinated by Field Supervisors and quality control activities were conducted by Area Coordinators and Headquarters.

The FARS GIS team and Land Resource Planning and Development Team played an important role in assisting Field Supervisors and enumerators in identifying enumeration boundaries.

56 Data collection started on 10th February and ended on 29th February 2020 with 430 fulltime enumerators.
The favourable weather was one factor for the successful completion of the exercise.

All Divisions managed to complete the exercise on 29th of February.

A Household 2020FAC Questionnaire was used for collection of information from households.

A massive participation of Ministry of Agriculture and other Government agencies technical and administrative staff, assured the success of census field work.
Figure 4.4: Area Coordinators in the Northern, Eastern, Western and Central Regional Census Centres during the 2020FAC Enumeration period Area Coorindators at Northern Census Regional HQ scrutinizing the Questionnaire Area Coorindators at Western Division Regional Census HQ verifying Questionnaire from the field Area Coorindators at Central Division Regional HQ checking the questionnaire at Ratu Cakobau House Eastern Area Coorindators scrutinizing Questionnaire at Main Census Operation room 4.2 Post Enumeration Census (PEC) After the enumeration phase, a post enumeration exercise was undertaken to verify quality of data collated.
Farmers listing was considered as baseline for 2020 PEC.

2020FAC coverage was verified at locality level during PEC exercise.

In April 2020, four (4) teams were deployed to conduct random post-enumeration exercise at selected areas in the Central, Northern and Western Division.

The areas were identified through comprehensive coverage analysis of 2020FAC areas, 2018 Reviewed Farmers Listing and coverage map from Survey Solution.
Districts and Localities with less than 70% coverage were selected and re-visited during post enumeration.
57 Annexures 58 Annexure 1: Terms of Reference: National Steering Committee 59 Annexure 3: Terms of Reference: Technical Working Group 60 Annexure 4: 2020FAC FIELD OPERATION MANUAL Annexure 5: 2020FAC SURVEY SOLUTION FIELD SUPERVISORS (ARE COORDINATORS) MANUAL 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 Annexure 6: 2020FAC Enumerators Vacancy Advertisement- FIJI SUN NEWSPAPER 127 Annexure 7: 2020FAC Enumerators Application Form 128 Annexure 8: Area Coordinators Training Program 2020 FIJI AGRICULTURE CENSUS AREA COORDINATORS TRAINING PROGRAM Date: 11th – 13th December 2019 Venue: Tanoa International Hotel, Nadi Day 1: Wednesday 11th December 2019 Time 8.00 8.30 8.40 9.00 9.15 9.20 Part 1: Importance of Statistics in Agriculture Learning Objectives: Activity Registration Welcome & Prayer Opening Address Introduction of Participants Photo Session Training Overview Facilitator FAC Coordinator Chief Guest Ms Silovate Bebenisala PEPO Stats  Understand the importance of Statistics and the conduct of 2020 FAC  Have the Gender lenses in data collection, management, processing and dissemination Importance of Statistics in Agriculture Gender Mainstreaming 9.30 9.45 10.00 Introduction of Fiji Agriculture Census (including Census Boundary) MORNING TEA 10.15 Part 2: Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) Learning Objectives: Ms Itziar Gonzalez , Policy Officer, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation (FAO) Ms Virisine Lalasava, SEPO Stats  Know the CAPI system and Survey Solution  Know the difference between Administrator, HQ and Supervisor/Area Coordinator  Understand and familiar with the workflow of Survey Solution  Know how to access Supervisor/Area Coordinator account  Know and Understand Supervisor/Area Coordinator primary functions  Know and familiar with the use of Supervisor/Area Coordinator to approve/reject completed cases  Know about creating field reports Ulamila Raikoti/Ita Tunidau PEPO Stats, Ms Sainiana Kirisitiana 10.15 10.30 Introduction of CAPI & Survey Solution 1.
Introduction of Interview Management with HQ and Supervisor/Area Coordinator 2.

Differences b/t HQ and Supervisor/AC 3. Review overview of workflow and interview 4.

Introduction to HQ and Supervisors 5.

Supervisors/AC primary functions in SuSo 6.

Supervisors/AC primary responsibility in SuSo 129 7.
Generate Monitoring Tables, Survey Reports and Statistics in SuSo LUNCH 12.00 Part 3- Practice 1: Comprehensive practice with Headquarters, Supervisors and Interviewer 1.00 Interviews synchronize and complete an interview 1.

Mastering the whole system- CENSUS MODE 2.

3.

Log in 4. Review and approve/reject the completed interview 5.

Monitor the Data Collection Exercise use Survey Statistics, Maps, Survey Reports 6.
Generate Survey and Statistics Report Hand on PEPO Stats Questionnaire Design Team (Ita Tunidau, Ulamila, Alitia) 3.00 3.15 4.15 4.30 AFTERNOON TEA Mock Trial 1- (Interviewer, Supervisor, HQ) by Group Group Presentation 1 on the overall experience of Training in Day 1 END OF DAY 1 WITH A DEVOTION Hand On Group 130 Day 2: Thursday 12th December 2019 Devotion Day 1 Review Exercise- Test Part 4: Introduction of 2020 FAC Questionnaire : Ms. Lanieta Vakadewabuka Learning Objectives: PEPO Stats  Know the content of the Questionnaire  Understand the purpose of each section and questions  Understand and familiar with the flow of Questions Geography and Household Identification Section 1: Household Composition [Discussion and Use of CAPI] Section 2: Household Particulars [Discussion and Use of CAPI] Section 3: Land [Discussion and Use of CAPI] MORNING TEA Section 4: Crop on Farm Land [Discussion and Use of CAPI] Section 5: Livestock [Discussion and Use of CAPI] PEPO Stats SEPO Stats/Viliame N Ita Tunidau Senior Economic Mr Gene Lorica PEPO Stats Section 6: Forestry [Discussion and Use of CAPI] Section 7- 8: Fisheries & Aquaculture [Discussion and Use of CAPI] Ms Pranishma, Planning Officer SEPO Stats, PEPO Stats Section 9: Climate Change [Discussion and Use of CAPI] LUNCH Section 10: Equipment [Discussion and Use of CAPI] Section 11: Agriculture Services [Discussion and Use of CAPI] Section 12: Food Security [Discussion and Use of CAPI] Section 13: Employment [Discussion and Use of CAPI] Practical Exercise 3- Comprehensive practice on checking of questions using Supervisors account Testing the Understanding of Questions while Checking the Questionnaire (Default Interviews) AFTERNOON TEA Mock Trial 2- (Interviewer, Supervisor, HQ) by Group PEPO Stats Questionnaire Design Team PEPO Stats/Alitia Yaya Ulamila PEPO Stats Questionnaire Design Team Group Presentation 2 on the overall experience of Training in Day 2 Group END OF DAY 2 WITH A DEVOTION 131 Day 3: Friday 13th December 2019 8.00 8.10 Devotion Day 2 Review
 Exercise- Test PEPO Stats 8.30 8.45 10.00 10.15 General Overview of the Full Day Practical Operation Exercise PEPO Stats/Ita Tunidau Practical Operation 1 – Teams Divided as Interviewers and Supervisors PEPO Stats Questionnaire Design Team MORNING TEA Continue of Practical Operation 1 – Teams Divided as Interviewers and Supervisors 11.00 Practical Operation 2 – Switch of Teams Role Figure 1 PEPO Stats Questionnaire Design Team PEPO Stats Questionnaire Design Team 12.00 1.00 2.30 3.00 3.15 3.30 4.00 4.15 4.30 LUNCH Group Presentation 3 on Survey Reports, Statistics Reports and Tables Group Presentation 4 on the overall experience of Training in Day 3 AFTERNOON TEA Terms of Reference of Area Coordinators Announcement of the Assigned Areas of Each Area Coordinators during the 2020 FAC CERTIFICATE PRESENTATION CLOSING REMARKS & PRAYER END OF TRAINING Group Group PEPO Stats/SEPO Stats PEPO Stats/SEPO Stats Chief Economist 132 Annexure 9: 2020FAC Area Coordinators Training Programme 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 Annexure 10 List of Area Coordinators and Field Supervisors 144 145 146 Annexure 11 Photo Gallery of Area Coordinators Training – Central, Eastern and Western Division 147 Annexure 12 Photo Gallery of Area Coordinators Training – Northern Division 148 Annexure 13 Field Supervisors Training Program (Central, Eastern, Northern and Western Division) DAY 1 Monday (13th Jan 2020) DAY2 Tuesday (14th Jan 2020) Prayer Welcome Introduction of the Fiji Agriculture Statistics System Prayer Recap of Day 1 Section 4: Crops on Farm Land TRAINING PROGRAM DAY3 Wednesday (15th Jan 2020) Prayer Recap of Day 2 Section 12: Food Insecurity Section 5: Livestock DAY 4 Thursday (16th Jan 2020) Prayer Recap of Day 3 Distribution of Enumeration Areas and Number of Enumerators/ FS EA Coverage Planning DAY 5 Friday (17th Jan 2020) Prayer Presentation of Workplan by Enumeration Area (Central Division) Introduction of Census Introduction of CAPI System Morning Tea 2020 FAC
 Questionnaire Development Oral Quiz and General Discussion on FAC Geography & Identification Section 1: Household Composition Lunch Section 2 Housing Particulars Section 3: Land Morning Tea Section 6: Forestry Morning Tea Oral Quiz and General Discussion Morning Tea Morning Tea Section 7: Fisheries TEST EA Coverage Planning Section 8: Aquaculture Section 9: Climate Change Roles & Responsibility of Field Supervisors Presentation of Workplan by EA Coverage (Central Division) Lunch Section 10: Equipment Section 11: Agriculture Services Lunch Enumeration Workplan & Resources Presentation of Workplan by EA Group Work on Enumeration Workplan Coverage (Central Division) Lunch Presentation of Workplan by Enumeration Area (Northern Division) Lunch Presentation of Workplan by EA Coverage (Eastern Division) Afternoon Tea Group Work & Mock Exercise on Section 1, 2, 3 Afternoon Tea Group Work & Mock Exercise on Section 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 Afternoon Tea Mock Exercise - Enumeration Plan Meeting (FS and Enumerators) and Interview Afternoon Tea Presentation of Workplan by EA Coverage (Central Division) Afternoon Tea Presentation of Certificates, Awareness Kit 149 Annexure 14 Field Supervisors Enumeration Area Workplan Matrix Enumeration Area Work Plan EA#/ District #: Name of Field Supervisor: Week Number Date Locality Name Name of Interview /Enumerator Total No.
of Household Expected No.
of Households completed per day Planned date and time(s) for Sync Planned sync location Available Strong Network Date for Field Supervisors to accompany Enumerator in this EA 150 Annexure 15 Field Supervisors Enumeration Area Awareness Workplan Matrix Enumeration Area Awareness Workplan EA#/ District #: Week Date Locality Name Logistics Budget Method of Awareness (Visit TNK/Advisory Councilors, Village Meeting, Hand out Questionnaire Matrix in all household/Organise Turaga ni Koro's meeting with Roko Tuis office 151 Annexure 16 Field Supervisors Enumeration Area Budget Matrix BUDGET FOR ENUMERATION AREA EA#/ District #: Localities Activity Week Date Budget Items Description Qty Unit Price Total Cost eg.
Awareness 152 Annexure 17 Scope of Field Supervisors Training 153 Annexure 18 Field Supervisors Roles and Responsibility Presentation 154 155 156 Annexure 19 Field Supervisors Training Photo Gallery 157 Annexure 20 Training of Trainers Program 2020 AGRICULTURE CENSUS QUESTIONNAIRE TRAINING PROGRAMME 24th June – 25th JUNE, 2019 Ministry of Agriculture LWRM Conference Room, Level 2, New Wing Building Time Item Responsible Wednesday - 24/07/2019 8.00am - 8.30am Participants Arrival and Registration Opening Prayer 8.30am - 9.00am Introduction of Participants Overview of the Training 9.00am - 10.00am Section I: Household Composition 10.00am - 10.15am Morning Tea 10.15am - 11.15am Section II: Land 11.15am - 1.00pm Section III: Crop 1.00pm - 2.00pm Lunch 2.00pm - 2.30pm Recap of Section I,II,III 2.30pm - 4.00pm Section IV: Livestock 4.00pm - 4.30pm Discussion and Closing Prayer Thursday- 25/07/2019 8.00am - 8.30am Participants Arrival 8.45am - 9.00am Opening Prayer Review of Day 1 Training 9.00am - 10.00am Section V: Forestry 10.00am - 10.15am Morning Tea 10.15am - 11.30am Section VI: Fisheries 158 Time Item Responsible 11.30am - 12.30pm Section VII: Equipment 12.30pm - 1.30pm Section VIII: Services For Agriculture 1.30pm - 2.30pm Lunch 2.30pm - 3.30pm Discussion and Closing Prayer END OF TRAINING 159 Annexure 21 Enumerators Training Program 160 TRAINING PROGRAM- WEEK 2 DAY 6 Monday DAY 7 Tuesday DAY 8 Wednesday Prayer Prayer Prayer Recap (Speed Test-Section 1 - 4) Recap (Speed Test -Section 5 - 8) Recap (Speed Test - Section 9 - 13) Survey Operations - Interview Skills (Manual) - Hours of Work (Manual) Field Exercise Welcome - Field Supervisors & Area Coordinators Introduction of AC & FS Morning Tea (15 mins) Morning Tea (15 mins) Morning Tea (15 mins) - Absence of Occupants & Empty Dwellings - Refusals (Manual) - Last Coverage Checks & Labelling (Manual) Field Exercise Discussion and Group work by Enumeration Areas [Enumeration Coverage Plan and Team Brief] Lunch (1 hr) CAPI Activity- Partner Interview Lunch (1 hr) Field Exercise Lunch (1 hr) Presentation by Team on Enumeration Work Plan Afternoon Tea (15 mins) Afternoon Tea (15 mins) Afternoon Tea (15 mins) Mock Exercise/Role Play- CAPI Interview Summary of Field Exercise from AC and HQ [Trainers] Presentation by Team on Enumeration Work Plan Announcement of Regional Meeting Date for Distribution of Census Materials END OF ENUMERATORS TRAINING 161 Annexure 22 Enumerators Training Group Work DAY 1 Identify and Discuss 2 sections from the 2020 FAC Questionnaire?
1 What is your General Understanding of Agriculture Census and how is it different from Population and Housing Census?

2 3 As an Enumerator for the 2020 FAC, what are roles and responsibilities?

4 Explain 2 objectives, scope and coverage of the 2020FAC?

5 What are the specific Features of an Enumeration Area Map?

6 Why is it important to have Enumeration Area in every Data Collection Process?

7 The 2020 FAC Slogan is "Your Voice, Your Future, BE COUNTED"- Explain?
8 Select 2 Agriculture sub-sectors and Explain how will they benefit from items collected from the Census?

DAY 3 (Sec 4-9) Trainers distribute sections by Group For each of this section, discuss and present on the following: 1 The importance of the section 2 How will it benefit planning and development of the sector?

3 Which Question will enable all the Market Questions in the Crop, Livestock, Forestry and Fisheries sections?

4 Explain with Examples on what you understand about these agricultural Terms?
a) Method of Planting b) Agro-Forestry c) Contour Farming d) Crop Rotation e) Climate Resilient Livestock Breed f) Water Logging g) Fish Aggregating Device h) Farm Gate Trainers distribute these terms to each group 162 Annexure 23 Enumerators Training – CASE STUDY Arvin Singh lives in Muaniweni Naitasiri and is married to Anita for the last 18 years.

Arvin is 49 years old, and Anita is 47 years old.


Arvin is a farmer and Anita helps out with farming at least 3 days in a week, manages household chores and also assist her husband market their farm produce every Saturday.

They have 3 children; Ashnil, Vinash and Sangeeta.

All Children are currently attending school, Ashnil is in Year 13, and Vinash is in Year 11 and Sangeeta in Year 8.

Both Arvin and Anita are high school sweet hearts completing their education at Year 10 at Muaniweni Secondary School.
According to Mr. Singh, he attended 2 Agriculture Trainings with the Ministry of Agriculture and an Aquaculture Training with the Ministry of Fisheries.

They own 2 pieces of Land which are both on Native Lease.

Their House is located where their farm is and the 2nd farm land is located in Naqali.

The size of each of their farm land is equivalent to a rugby and a soccer field.
Mr. Singh owns a 3 tons Hilux Truck which he uses for farming activity and transporting his commodity such as Dalo, Vegetables, Ginger, and Watermelon to the market for sale.

Apart from these crop commodities, He also sells Goat every 3 months at the market.

Whenever he's free and as a favorite pass time, Arvin also goes out fishing offshore with his friends at night.

For the last 21 months Mrs. Singh has been regularly visiting the eye department at the local hospital for regular eye checkup.
Mr. Singh comes from a long line of Vegetable Farmers from Muaniweni who identify farming as the only source of income and to them it is the only activity that involves the whole family.

Answer questions on Section 1, 2 and 3 of the Questionnaire according to this CASE STUDY.

For other items that are not highlighted in the Case Study, record your answer according to your assumption based on the given information and your area knowledge.
163 Annexure 24 Enumerators Training Ice-Breaker Questions GENERAL KNOWLEDGE All participant with first name starts with letter L, STAND Pick a question from the BOX and Answer 1 How many provinces in Fiji including Rotuma?

2 Name the deepest River in Fiji?

3 Name the largest River in Fiji?

4 Which Province have the most Urban Centers?

5 When was the last Agriculture Census undertaken?

6 What is the name of the passage between Northern Viti Levu (Ra Province) and South Western Vanualevu (Bua Province)?
7 How many Districts in Fiji?

8 Who is the Minister for Agriculture and name all his portfolios?

9 What is the Total Population of Fiji?

10 Name the Highest Mountain in Fiji?

GROUP ACTIVITY Calculation and Fill in the Blanks - 10 BLANKS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Do the following calculations and identify corresponding Letters to your numerical answers to enable you to fill in the blanks in a sequential manner.
Answer 18 Production 9 Geo ID Question A farmer grows English Cabbage and usually harvest crop three times in a year.

He responded that the earlier two harvest for the year harvest for the year was 3 tons each and his end of the year harvest was 12 tons.

Use his total annual harvest to find the corresponding alphabet.

What Geographical ID code identifies Naitasiri Province?

Use the code to find the corresponding alphabet.


164 20 Map 5 Number of Plants 19 Area 8 Proportion 4 Age 1 Price 19 Production 19 Stock Count As an Enumerator you will be issued with a scale of 1: 50 000 to assist you with the coverage of your area.

Your Map shows a road that links up two localities within your boundary with a length of 5cm.

What will be the actual distance on the ground between this two localities?

Multiply the actual distance by 8 and find the corresponding alphabet of that number.
On a 4 acres farm land, half of the area is planted with Dalo on a spacing of 1m x 0.8m, Calculate the estimated Number of Dalo Plants on the farm.

And divide the Number of Plants by 2 and use the first digit of your answer to find the corresponding alphabet Three households shares a 570 acres of land for farming.

A farmer who is the main respondent from one of these household identify that he utilizes 1/3 of the land.

What is his total farm area?


Use the first 2 digits of your answer to find the corresponding alphabet A farmer harvested 18 boxes of Tomatoes in the last 12 months, whereby half of it goes to the market and the other half consumed at home.

From all the proportion that were sold, 1 box of tomato was sold on the roadside and remained ones were sold at municipal market.

Use the number sold at Municipal Market to find the corresponding alphabet?
Recording age as a discrete variable - A female respondent who has forgotten her date of birth, identify Fiji's actual Independence Day as the same day she was born.

What will be recorded as her age during Agriculture Census week?

Use the first digit of your answer to find the corresponding alphabet Jone earned $2,000 from the sale of 200 bundles of Dalo from his farm in the last 12 months, what was the farm gate price of one bundle?

Use the first digit of your answer to find the corresponding alphabet.
A farmer has a cow that only produces Milk for home consumption.

According to the respondent, the cow produces 5 liters per day for 210 days in a year.

How much milk is consumed by the household in a year?

Use the first 2 digits of the answer and add 9 to find the corresponding alphabet of the answer.

A household has 10 cattle’s during the day of interview- 10th February 2020.
In the last 12 months, 5 were sold live to abattoir, 2 were slaughtered in the village for social obligations and 2 were stolen from the farm.

Use the total number of Opening Stock from 10th February 2019 to identify the corresponding alphabet 165 Annexure 25 Enumerators Training Individual Exercise For half a page, explain how you will introduce the 2020 Agriculture Census to your respondent.

Clearly highlight the objectives in a simple sentences that can be easily understood by the household.
Write your answers in your own words or language that is easy for you to explain better.

Each participant will stand and read their answers.

As a trainer please guide and provide the correct answer.

166 Annexure 26 Field Pre-Test Reporting Template (Sample) INTRODUCTION The Fiji Agriculture & Rural Statistics Unit is progressively preparing groundwork activities for the upcoming Agriculture Census scheduled on the 10th – 29th February, 2020.
The development of Census Questionnaire is an important activity of the Census preparation as it normally consumes more time and resources.

Two rounds of Questionnaire Field Pre-Testing has been completed in Serua and Ba Province.

The 2nd Field Pre-Test was done in Ba Province due to the need of covering all sections of Questionnaires including Sugarcane sub-section.

OBJECTIVES The objectives of this exercise were as follows; 1.

To test the flow of Questionnaire 2.


To test the duration of Questionnaire per interview.

3.

To test the simplicity and clarity of questions for both Interviewer and Interviewee.

4.

To test the CAPI System at a smaller scale.

5.

To test the relevancy of responses to the questions.

SCOPE OF COVERAGE There were 30 households identified by PAO Western with the support of SAO Ba and ATO Nadi.
A team of 8 Project Officers was divided into 2 Teams in Rada Settlement of Nadi District to carry out the exercise.

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE PRE-TESTED QUESTIONNAIRE The Team was given the 4th Draft Questionnaire to test on the field.
The 4th Draft Questionnaire has the following components • Number of Questions : 484 • Number of Questions with skip conditions : 297 • Number of Questions with validation conditions : 75 • Number of Sections: 11 11 SECTIONS IN THE QUESTIONNAIRE 168 169 FINDINGS FROM THE 2ND PRE-TEST  Number of Households covered : 18 Households  Common Comments from Enumerators i) Household Composition ii) Housing Particulars iii) Land iv) Crops on Farm Land [inc. Sugarcane v) Livestock vi) Forestry vii) Fishing viii) Aqua- culture ix) Equipment x) Agriculture Services xi) Food Security Experience Good - Answered all the question Good - Answered all the question Good - Answered all the question Good - Answered all the question -Respondent complains about the repetition of questions for every household members -Question is mostly answered through observation Type of fish to be simplified.
Respondents mentioned the type of fish in Fijian, Enumerators find it hard to identify the English name If the questions could be simplified If 3 sandalwood trees are planted which category does it belongs to?

(Natural Forest / Planted Forest) -Problem in identifying land area when the respondents only point the piece of land without any knowledge of his land distribution.

-No checks on total land area with the distribution of land on agriculture activities.
-The milk production is not consumed or sold but processed into ghee, where to note that answer?

-Farmers using lines and chains to measure their land area and if a matrix can be provided to assist in the calculation of land.

-If grouping of crop not to be asked because it consumes time in searching the commodity.

-Validation checks to be placed on the land area of commodities planted to tally up to the total land of planted crops.

 Enumerators Rating of the Sections Enumerator No.
i) Household Composition ii) Housing Particulars iii) Land ENU08 ENU11 ENU07 ENU02 ENU09 ENU03 iv) Crops on Farm Land [inc. Sugarcane] Good Vegetables and Fruits Good - Answered all the question Good - Answer all the question through observation Good - Answered all the question Good - Answered all the question Good - Answer all the question through observation Good - Answered all the question Good Root Crops Vegetables and Fruits Good - Answered all the question Good - Answered all the question Good - Answered all the question Good - Answered all the question Good - Answer all the question Good - Answer all the question Good - Answer all the question Good - Answer all the question Good Vegetables and Fruits, Sugarcane Good Vegetables and Fruits Good - Answered all the question Good - Answered all the question Average Good Vegetables and Fruits, Sugarcane Good Root Crops Vegetables and Fruits Good - Answered all the question v) Livestock vi) Forestry vii) Fishing viii) Aquaculture ix) Equipment x) Agriculture Services xi) Food Security Experience Average Time (minutes) Answered all the question Good - Sheep and Poutry farming was answered Did not answer Did not answer.
Did not answer Did not answer Good - Answered all the question Good - Answered all the question Good - Answered all the question 32.5 Good - Answered all the question Good - Answered all the question Good - Answered all the question Good - Answered all the question 32.5 Good - Answered all the question Average - Dairy, Goat Did not answer Did not answer Did not answer Did not answer Did not answer Did not answer Answered all the question Did not answer Did not answer Did not answer Good - Answered all the question Did not answer Good - Beef, Sheep, Goat, Poultry Good - Goat and Poutry Good - Goat and Poultry and Dairy farming Good - Answered all the question Good - Answered all the question 51 Good - Answered all the question Good - Answered all the question Good - Answered all the question 54 Good - Answered all the question Good - Answered all the question Good - Answered all the question Good - Answered all the question Good - Answered all the question 81.5 Good - Answered all the question 49.5 Good - Answered all the question  Percentage of Enumerators Who Rated the Sections as “Good” “Good” in terms of;  Understanding of questions  Clear flow of questions without technical complications  Clear Validation and Enabling Conditions  Simple  Clear and accurate response from respondents As for the Forestry and Fishing Questions they were answered but with average understanding.
 Duration of Interview by Completion Status of Questionnaire  Out of the 18 interviews, none attempted all sections  The completion status of Questionnaire were as follows; o 1 section not answered o 3 sections not answered  For the 1 unanswered section (6 interviews) o Max.

Hrs.

: 2 (Due to technical problem which can be controlled) o Min.

Hrs.

: 0.30 o Ave. Hrs.

: 1 172  For the 3 unanswered sections (12 interviews), o Max.

Hr.

: 1 o Min.

Hrs.

: 0.28 o Ave. Hrs.


: 0.46 We see that with clear understanding of questions through trainings, good flow of questions, proper validation and skip patterns, with good network, good instructions, right respondents and good infrastructure (power banks), we can achieve one interview in less than 1 hour.
RESOURCES USED  9 Tablets  1 Laptop  1 15 Seater Mini Bus – Human Resource and Finance  1 Twin Cab – Nadi Office  Recharge Cards PERIOD The team left Headquarters Office, Suva at midday on Thursday (19/09/2019) to meet with the Nadi Locality Officers for briefing.

The Pretesting Period was from 8am to 5pm on Friday (20/09/2019) and Team returned to Suva on Saturday (21/09/2019).

CHALLENGES FROM ENUMERATORS  Understanding of Technical Questions [eg.
Fisheries Questions on species]  Technical logics of Questionnaire designs.

173  The Network Coverage  The distances of the house were very far apart and some houses were vacant during the visit.

 Using a Van for fieldwork is not appropriate because of the road standard and the time management of distributing staff to households.

 Security of the staff - leaving a female enumerator alone with a male farmer without the present of some family members.
 Battery Low  Lack of Awareness  Incomplete Information when only one respondents available - Head of Household.

Complete information when assisted by Spouse.
CHALLENGES FROM HQ  Supervisors were not checking their respective Questionnaires  Lack of communication from Supervisors  Last minute changes in the questionnaire caused the delay in sending assignments RECOMMENDATION  Simple Questionnaire for Enumerators  Good Validation conditions and Skipping logics for data quality checks  Questionnaire to be readily available on time  Proper Trainings, Manuals and guidelines to be provided  To be well informed of the Network Coverage of the area  The awareness to the Villages and Settlements to be in advance to avoid vacant houses.
 Security of the staff to be a priority when doing a field visit.

 Encourage availability of both Head of Household and Spouse during the interview  Standby Paper mode Questionnaire during interview period  The type of vehicles to be used due to the distance of the houses and the road type.

 Security of the staff to be a priority when doing a field visit.
 Clear Role and Responsibilities of Supervisors, Area Coordinators  Manual for the Enumerators, Supervisors and Area Coordinators 174 175 Annexure 27 2020FAC STANDARD BRIEF REPORT SAMPLE 2020 NAC PREPARATION PROGRESS REPORT PROGRESS UPDATE OF OUTPUT 4: CENSUS DEVELOPMENT Weekly Update as of 28th June 2019 176 OUTPUT 4 CENSUS DEVELOPMENT Planned Activities 4.1: Preparing Tabulation Plan 4.2: Prepare data dissemination plan 4.3: Prepare awareness and publicity plan (incl.

logo etc.)
logo etc.)

4.4: Finalize requirements and Procurement of Equipment (Tablets, Computers, Power Banks, Photocopier, OHS Items, etc.)

4.5: Finalizing Content, Concepts and Definitions 4.6: Designing & Testing Questionnaires (separate questionnaire for hhld and LSF, institutions?)
4.7: Preparing Editing Specifications 4.8: Conducting Data User Conference 4.9: Preparing Manuals 4.10: Setting up IT infrastructure and system testing 4.11: Setting up CAPI Management & Output System 4.12: Designing a CS Pro Data Processing & Tabulation System 4.13: Conducting the Pilot Census (Training, Operation, Analysis, etc.)

4.14: Evaluate pilot and finalise Census methodology, plan, instruments, manuals 4.15: Printing Census Materials and distributing materials, tablets etc.
4.16: Conducting Census Public Awareness & Promotion Materials Timeline October 2018 – December 2019 Total Budget $308,774 Status 50% completed Update of the planned activities of this week [3rd – 7th June, 2019] 1.

Household Questionnaire o Status : 3rd Draft and Pre-Test Completed o Brief about the Questionnaire  9 Sections in the Questionnaire 1.

Household Composition 177 2.

Land 3.

Crops on Farm Land 4.

Livestock 5.

Forestry 6.

Fishing 7.

Equipment 8.

Services for Agriculture 9.


Food Security Experience  Total Number of Questions : 629  Questions with enabling conditions : 463  Questions with validation conditions : 79  Rosters : 41  Duration of Interview : Average of 1 hour 10 minutes o 3RD Draft Questionnaire (attached) was completed and Pre-Tested this week.

An average total of 1 hour 10 minutes was the duration spend per interview per enumerator during the Pre-Test.

2.
2.

Modifying Questionnaire on Survey Solution Software  Status: Ongoing  Who were involved?

: Mr Gene (Consultant), A/PEPO Stats, Ulamila Raikoti, Ita Tunidau & Alitia Yaya 3.

Table Specifications  Status : 40% Completed  We have completed Table Specs for Household Specifications, Economic Activity, and Land Sections 4.

Technical Working Group Meeting (TWG Meeting) o Status: Completed 4th TWG Meeting on 28th June 2019 with the presence of 13 members from 9 Ministries.
o Ministry of Economy : Mr Tui Sikivou o Ministry of Rural & Maritime Development : Ms Raijieli Bakewa o Ministry of Women, Children & Poverty Alleviation : Ms Amelia Nairoba, Ms Anareta Apole o Ministry of Fisheries : Ms Leilani Kotobalavu, Ms Pranishma o Ministry of Forestry : Ms Olivia Vakaloloma o Ministry of Agriculture : Mr Epeli Dugucagi, Ms Diana Ralulu, Ms Sera Bose, Ms Sainiana Kirisitiana, Ms Virisine Lalasava, FARS Staff o Fiji Bureau of Statistics : Ms Maria Musudroka, Ms Sala o Local Consultant : Ms Lanieta Vakadewabuka 178 o The Meeting was focused on 3 Technical Areas; Questionnaire, Table Specifications and Awareness Plan.
5.

Completion of Census Enumeration Areas o Status: Completed the Demarcation of District Boundaries on the 1:50,000 Topographic Map.
Currently working on the Demarcation of Town Boundaries and Peri-Urban Boundaries on Map as well o Officers Involved: EPO GIS, Viliame N, Tevita C, Mosese T This activity will proceed next week particularly on the Descriptions of Census Boundaries URGENT MATTERS THAT NEEDS MANAGEMENT INTERVENTIONS FOR SWIFT TRANSITION OF CENSUS PREPARATION AND OPERATION o IT Assessment: The Census RIE and Procurement Plan will await for the IT Assessment Report o Confirmation of Agriculture Census LOGO, SLOGAN AND NAME OF CENSUS o o Office Space for CENSUS OPERATION ROOM These are important activities which urgently requires Office Space for CENSUS OPERATION.
Planned Activities for Next Week (01-05/07/2019) 1. Review validation checks in CAPI based on edit 2.

4TH Draft Questionnaire 3.

Consultation with Forestry 4.

Finalize Procurement plan 5.

1st Draft Institutional Questionnaire 6.

Identify Manuals and Prepare manual layout 7.

Identify concepts and definitions 8.

1st Draft Census Brochure, Pamphlets, Video Footage 9.

Census Boundaries 179 2020 FIJI AGRICULTURE CENSUS SNAP SHOTS 180 181 182 183