Source document: https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697722374687.pdf (Fiji)
MMISSION STATEMENT To advance the industry by excellence in technology transfer emanating from research results through science that supports innovative activities in sugar related industries and to make the Fiji Sugar Industry productive and sustainable SRIF BOARD The SRIF Board in office for the reporting period was: Prof. John R. Morrison Dr. Krishnamurthi Member Viliame Gucake Member Seru Vularika Member Sundresh Chetty Member Mangaiya Reddy Member Member Suresh Patel Board Secretary Sanjay N Prakash Chairman SCIENCE AUDIT COMMITTEE (SAC) The SAC members during the reporting period were: Dr. Krishnamurthi Chairman Prof. John R. Morrison Member Seru Vularika Member Sundresh Chetty Member Mangaiya Reddy Member Chairman’s report The year 2010 has seen major advances for SRIF.
The independent status of SRIF was confirmed by the government during the year.

Significant progress has been made on the construction of new buildings including the new main office at Drasa.

Thanks are due to the European Union for supporting this building activity and also for funding several research projects.

We have also seen the recruitment of several young staff who will be trained in various aspects of SRIF work.

An intensive staff training program has been developed and implemented.
In addition to breeding, plant protection and agronomic work, SRIF undertook its first mill audit during 2010.

I would like to acknowledge the work of Mr. Philip Atherton, the first chairman of the SRIF board for the excellent work he did from 2006 – 2009.

Unfortunately, due to ill health he was unable continue an active role in the Board.
Thanks are also due to the SRIF staff, the sugar industry stakeholders and their representatives, and the Board members for their contributions to the completion of a successful year in 2010.
Professor John Morrison Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Contents Page CEO’s Report Crop Improvement Analytical Laboratory Crop Protection Crop Production Intercropping Geographic Information System Estates FACP Tables Approved Varieties Varieties released in the last decade Financial Report 4 6 12 24 27 31 32 34 38 50 53 54 Annual Report 2010 3 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Chief Executive Officer’s Report The transformation of sugarcane research for development in Fiji warrants a need to “focus on key priorities” as determined and shaped by science, growers, millers and the government".
The Institute’s plan is to foster collective views on action to improve production through prioritization of sugarcane research and create more relevant and effective systems that are embedded in the needs of the growers and millers served by the research.

Unfortunately, at this early stage of the Institute’s development and limited availability of funds, the plan does not include much in terms of milling research.
One needs to also recognize the need to mobilize human capacity to address various research issues that have been neglected over a long period of time.

The Institute attempts to consult with a wide range of stakeholders to view issues through different lenses to determine the priorities for research for long-term gains in cane and sugar production.
SRIF believes that forward-looking, anticipatory research and analyses that integrate the diverse views of growers and other stakeholders on specific opportunities and challenges facing the industry will have most benefit for the industry.

All stakeholders in the industry are agreed on the need for forward thinking.

SRIF supports this diversity, but the utility and impact of all our activities has been limited by our isolation from one another.
To overcome this, the initiative taken by the government to set up “stakeholder meetings” and informal discussions with various stakeholders has assisted in establishing a forum that enables all involved in forward thinking to interact and share their views and findings.

This will advance the foresight paradigm and provide opportunities for multiple interactions between stakeholders.

The year, 2010 as a whole has been a difficult one for the industry.
The continuing loss of important resources, due to natural events, had a major impact on cane production, particularly the drought for the first nine months of the year followed by a very wet period.

The plant breeding staff further enhanced their research capacity with the use of fertility tests which resulted in an increased number of seedlings for stage 1 planting.

Pollen viability and preliminary results indicate that pollen is viable for approximately 5 hours before viability drops below 50 percent.
Variety selection studies continued with the indication that a new variety may be ready for a large mill test next year.

Some 436 varieties were replanted in the germplasm collection after reviewing their breeding Annual Report 2010 4 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF significance.

Some 912 crosses were made of which 33 percent were experimental crosses, and some of them were Erianthus crosses.

These seedlings will be DNA tested in Mauritius to check if they are hybrids of Erianthus.
If they are, this will be an important step in the area of sugarcane breeding as only one or two countries have been successful in making Erianthus hybrids.

Several steps are being taken to revamp variety selection as, for several years; this has not been undertaken with the importance that needs to be taken.

The dry conditions during most of the year provided an opportunity to identify varieties that are tolerant to adverse conditions.
In the process, three varieties have been selected for further evaluation.

The Institute has initiated work on sugarcane weevil borer and Fiji leaf gall disease projects with our collaborators, Bureau of Sugar Experiment Station, Australia.

The institute has also been able to get a number of Fijian commercial varieties sent for smut resistance trials to be done by BSES.

The laboratory received only a limited number of soil and leaf samples from the Extension Services for fertilizer recommendation.
It is envisaged that the number of soil and leaf samples will increase as the service to the growers improves in years to come.

The SRIF laboratory has been able to get certification under the ASPAC quality control assurance scheme for the analysis of the following tests: soil pH, electrical conductivity, extractable P, exchangeable Ca, exchangeable Mg, exchangeable K, exchangeable Na, organic matter and total nitrogen as well as % magnesium and % phosphorus for leaf analysis.
This year improvements were made in the communication system, and the SRIF website (www.srif.tk) was also established.

The GIS activities continued with yield and Fiji disease data being mapped to identify patterns in cane production and disease spread.

A mill audit was also undertaken by the Institute and the findings were provided to FSC and the government for their action.

The funding from EU continued to support infrastructure and staff development.
This provides the Institute an opportunity to venture out into areas of research and train staff which, under the normal situation, would not have been possible.

This publication very briefly summarises the activities of research and development and SRIF hopes its wide circulation will generate awareness and draw attention to issues requiring appropriate action from stakeholders.
Annual Report 2010 Jai S. Gawander 5 Germplasm Crossing Selection program Promising varieties New released variety Tissue Culture Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Project 1 Germplasm The existing germplasm dates back to the collections and hybrids produced in the 1960’s and 1980’s.

The Germplasm is located in Drasa and at the Lautoka office with the total of 5986 varieties.
Table 1: SRIF Germplasm collection Collection Type Germplasm Local/overseas cultivars, Count 4153 and wild/ noble canes Erianthus pure hybrids S. officinarum x S. sponatneum hybrids S. sponatneum and S. spontaneum intra-specific hybrids 1179 330 324 IJ/IK/IS KT/BT JRP Total The germplasm at Drasa was verified in the field on a plot by plot assessment and the status of the varieties was confirmed.
A final list of singles (X1), duplicates (X2), triplicates (X3), sixes (X6) and commercials (COM), Table 2, was prepared after taking away the dead plots and the varieties that had low breeding potential.

Table 2: Summary of germplasm X1 X2 X3 X6 COM Total Bed 429 336 52 2 3 1 317 238 44 1 2 184 316 49 3 1 3 284 183 17 3 4 - 131 30 469 5 Total 1684 1202 192 6 7 Clones 1684 601 64 1 7 822 601 553 487 682 3091 2357 The duplicates and triplicates will be verified further using molecular markers i.e.
DNA will be extracted and sent to Industry Research Mauritius Sugar Institute.

A total of 118 varieties from KT/BT and 167 varieties from the JRP collection was transferred from SRIF Lautoka and transplanted at the Wairuku Sub- in Rakiraki on 29/11/2010.

station Another replicate of this will be planted in Lautoka in the 2011 planting season with the germplasm.

A total of 15 varieties have been imported from Bureau of Sugar Experiment Station in Australia to be in the germplasm.
The introduced varieties are still under quarrantine observation and awaiting clearance from the Biosecurity Authority of Fiji.

The Q23, Q151, Q155, Q171, Q183, Q200, Q203, Q208, Q219, Q220, Q230, Q234, Q237, KQ228 and KQ236.

imported varieties are 5986 Project 2 Flowering beds The flowering beds are located at Dobuilevu in Ra province which favors natural synchronization of sugarcane flowering.

There were a total of 8 flowering beds in 2010 with a total of 703 varieties.
The flowering beds are summarised in table 3.

Table 3: Flowering Beds in 2010 Bed Date Total # of varieties Planted 02-Dec-09 34 26-Nov-09 111 24-Nov-09 120 19-Jul-09 97 19-Jul-09 74 22-Sep-08 85 17-Aug-09 132 17-Aug-09 50 Crop status 1R 1R 1R 3R 3R 2R 1R 1R 703 The % flowering in Beds 1-8 was 55% in 2010 compared to 71% in Beds 1-5 in 2009.

The number of varieties flowered and % flowering by beds is given in table 4.
The decrease in % flowering was due to non-flowering of noble canes in Beds 1-2.

Annual Report 2010 7 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF - - 2 1 32 6 Table 4: Flowering in different beds Bed Varieties Both Total % Total 699 - 4 9 34 38 15 34 34 21 46 33 21 41 43 16 16 17 11 184 199 91 Project 3 Crossing The 2010 crossing was carried out between 06/05/2010 and 03/07/2010.
The types of crosses that were set is summarised in the table 5.

Table 5: Summary of crosses in 2010 Type of Cross # of crosses % Total Polycrosses Bi-parental Experimental Total 601 7 304 912 66 1 33 100 the sex of to determine There was an increase in experiemntal crosses that was due to flowering of Erianthus spp.

and S. robustum in the IJ/IK/IS breeding plots.

This year pollen fetility tests were carried the out sugarcane flower.
Previously the sex was determined purely based on anther dehiscence i.e.

more open anthers given by a flower meant the floweres were male.

With the fertility test, the % staining of the pollen in the unopened florets would determine the sex i.e.

flowers showing less than 10% stained pollen were taken as female, between 10-20 % as both male and female and more than 20% as male.
The male flowers were harvested and placed in the crossing shed and pollen collection and viability tests were carried out every morning.

The percentage of pollen tube to confirm the pollen viability growth indicated whether pollen is viable or not.

However no compatability the tests were done penetration of the pollen tube on the stigma and style of the female flowers.
Overall, tests that % viability varied concluded between different polycrosses and varieties but the variation was not sufficient to establish any relationship between them.

This was evident when a correlation was carried out and it was found little correlation between the % viabilities of different crosses and varieties meaning no strong relationship existed.
there was very that Plant Breeding Program Project 4 Stage 1 the transplanted Stage 1 is the seedling stage where the seedlings from various crosses sown are field and in evaluated for sugar and physical appeal in comparison with standards.

In 2010, LF2009 series was evaluated and planting of LF2010 series was in progress.

The following is a brief account of each series.


LF2009 series A total of 28952 seedlings were evaluated based on brix and physical assessment and 1881 clones (6.4%) were selected and advanced to Stage 2.

The selection was carried out over 3 weeks from mid-September to early October.

The clones selected include 82 Erianthus and 20 S. robustum hybrids of which 33 and 17 have been planted in the breeding plots respectively for use in the 2011 crossing season.
LF2010 series A total of 33297 seedlings were raised for transplanting.

The planting of the seedlings was to unfavorable field conditions and heavy delayed due Annual Report 2010 8 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF rains.

The total number includes 6634 seedlings from experimental crosses with Erianthus spp., S. robustum and IJ/IK/IS varieties.

4000 seedlings from the total will be used for comparative study of family versus individual selection trial.

The trial will be evaluated in 2011.


Project 5 Stage 2 from This trial is the first clonal stage that follows selection the seedlings stage.

The evaluation is carried out using two methods i.e.

preliminary selection based on field brix and physical attributes and secondly on biochemical analysis.

In both cases the means of the standards are into consideration during selection.

In 2010, LF2008 and LF2009 series were in stage 2 trial.
taken LF2008 series A total of 925 varieties were brixed and 257 were preliminaraly selected for biochemical analysis with the standards.

A final selection of 75 varieties (8%) was made based on biochemical data and advanced to Stage 3 trial.

LF2009 series A total of 1881 clones have been planted and another 62 which had been selected from the experimental crosses have been transferred to the breeding plots in Dobuilevu.
The trial has been planted in an Augmented Latin Square Design embedded in column x row design and will be analyzed in 2011.

Project 6 Stage 3 This is the second clonal stage after seedlings and is referred to as the observation plots.

The selection is purely on biochemical evaluation together with notes taken during field visits and the selected clones are propagated for GxE trials at all mills.

The clones are also sent for disease screening at this stage.
LF2007 and LF2008 series were in Stage 3 trial in 2010 LF2007 series A total of 75 out 76 varieties present in this trial were sampled while one variety LF07-115 was discarded in the field due to disease like symptoms i.e.

excessive root primordia, clinging trash and stunted growth.

Field notes were taken before sampling and were considered during selection.
A total of 20 varieties (26%) were selected of which 17 had higher %pocs than consolidated average of the standards (14.8%) and 3 that had %pocs consolidated average of the standards but were selected based on field notes.
All the selected varieties have been planted for propagation at Rarawai for Stage 4 GxE trials planting in April-May 2011. lower than LF2008 series There are 75 varieties in this trial which had been selected from LF2008 stage 2 and will be assessed based on the field notes and biochemical data in 2011.

The trial has been planted in Rarawai.


Project 7 Backlog and Stage 4 & 5 in previous years The backlog trials refer to varieties from previous series that were re- selected based on biochemical data after the Stage 4 GxE trials but were not advanced to Stage 5.

This was therefore done separate Stage 5 GxE trials were conducted for these varieties but no reliable data was achieved.

It was decided to plant one GxE trial for all the Backlog series in 2011 and evaluate it from 2012-2014.
The following table Annual Report 2010 9 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF summarizes the series that are in Backlog and Stage 5.
Table 6: Backlog and Stage 5 summary # of varieites Series 2 LF1997* 3 LF1998* 2 LF1999 3 LF2000 1 LF2001* 7 LF2002 11 LF2003 Status Backlog Backlog Backlog Backlog Backlog Stage 5 Stage 5 LF1997 and LF1998 series as well as LF2001 series (marked * in the Table no.1) will not be planted due to un- availability of seed cane whereas LF1999 and LF2000 series will be planted together with LF2007 Stage 4 and evaluated in 2012.
A separate GxE trial (Stage 5) for LF2002 series will be planted in 2011 and likewise for evaluated LF2003 series.

in 2012 and Project 8 Large Population Trial (Stage 4 LF2004 Series) The large first ratoon crop of the population trial was evaluated in 2010.

This trial has 16 test varieties and two standards (Ragnar and LF91-1925) planted in long rows.
Results and Discussion from October 2009 The total rainfall received for the first to ratoon crop September 2010 was 776mm and the cane was under water stress for the duration of the trial.

In spite of the drought conditions the growth of cane in this trial was good.

The cane rows of each variety were divided into four sections (replicates) and small mill cane samples were harvested on 28th September 2010 from all the varieties.
The stalk height and weight were recorded for all the varieties and the cane samples were analysed to get some indication of the biochemical traits.

This trial was harvested over a period of 3 days from 28-30 September 2010 and was 11.5 months old at the time of harvest.

The drought conditions that prevailed over the duration of this trial gave an opportunity to identify varieties that are tolerant to adverse conditions.
The stalk height of 5 varieties LF04- 116, 448, 509, 512 and 532 was more than 2.4m and the elongation of these varieties under water stress conditions is an indication of its tolerance to drought.

The cane yield of 7 varieties LF04-116, 173, 423, 448, 481, 509 and 918 was better than the standard variety Ragnar but LF04-423 is a very trashy variety.

The varieties LF04-173 and 509 had 42 and 20% better cane yield than the standard variety Ragnar respectively.

Ragnar was the better of the 2 standards.


The sugar yield of 8 varieties LF04-173, 423, 448, 481, 509, 532, 619 and 918 was higher than Ragnar.

Five test varieties LF04-512, 423, 173, 918 and 329 and the two standards were also analysed in the NIR at the mill lab.

The NIR data gives a better indication of the sugar content and fibre percent of the varieties as compared to the small mill analysis.
The fibre percent of the varieties tested in NIR were higher than the standards by at least 2 units (16%) and the sugar content of 3 varieties LF04-512, 173 and 329 were slightly higher than the standards.

Based on the NIR data the sugar yield of 2 varieties LF04-173 and 918 were 44 and 16% better than the standard Ragnar and the sugar yield of LF04-423 was slightly higher than Ragnar.
selection committee has decided to propagate variety The Annual Report 2010 10 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF LF04-173 for large mill trial and LF04- 448, 509 and 918 for further evaluation in 2nd ratoon crop.
Table 7: Biochemical Results (1R) Variety brix fibre pocs yield % % tch tsh LF04-173 24.5 9.5 18.0 82.0 14.8 LF04-509 24.7 11.6 18.3 70.3 12.8 17.1 68.3 11.7 LF04-918 23.7 9.5 16.9 64.9 11.0 LF04-423 23.3 9.7 LF04-448 23.1 12.7 16.6 63.6 10.5 LF04-481 23.1 10.4 15.9 65.7 10.5 LF04-532 23.4 12.2 16.1 61.4 9.9 LF04-116 23.1 13.4 15.8 61.7 9.8 LF04-512 22.1 10.7 15.7 50.1 7.9 LF04-329 24.7 10.8 16.3 45.9 7.5 16.5 44.3 7.3 LF91-1925 22.8 9.2 15.8 57.9 9.1 23.3 9.6 Ragnar Figure 1: Mechanical harvesting of large population trial at Legalega Development of high fibre varieties The high fibre variety LF02-541 was put through the large mill trial in 2010.
This variety had low cane yield as compared to the standard and is not recommended for commercial release but will be put in the Germplasm collection.

Large Mill TrialThe promising variety LF94-694, high fibre variety LF02-541 and standard Kiuva was put through the large mill trial at Rarawai to ascertain its quality in terms of sucrose content, milling capabilities and characteristics.

The trial did not run smoothly because of the stop/start nature of operation encountered during the trial period.
The cane was planted in May 2009 and harvested in December 2010.

The cane was 18.5 months old at the time of LMT analysis.

This received 2124mm of rain for the duration of the trial.

Pre-harvest samples from the LMT were analyzed at the institutes’ small mill lab and on line samples were collected and analyzed at the sugar lab in Rarawai.

trial was analysis LF94-694 was also analysed at the Lautoka sugar lab (NIR).
The cane for this harvested mechanically from Drasa estate and was 14.5 months old at the time of analysis.

This site received 1470mm of rain for the duration of the trial.

The results obtained from NIR analysis of LF94-694 were encouraging.

The %ccs of LF94-694 was 3 units higher than the commercial varieties Mana and LF91-1925 at the time of harvest in July.

The cane yield of LF94-694 was 88 and 79tc/ha at Rarawai and Drasa respectively.
LF94 – 694 LF02 – 541 Kiuva Table 8: LMT Analysis data Cane variety % Fibre 12.58 % Cell Breakage POCS Purity 8.95 78.4 9.72 80.7 91 93 12.97 13.38 91 10.44 82.6 Table 9: NIR data from Lautoka mill %fibre %ccs Variety 11.6 LF94-694 11.6 Mana 13.0 10.0 LF91-1925 10.8 10.4 Annual Report 2010 11 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Soil & Leaf Samples Cane Samples Dextran Analysis Quality Assurance System Meteorology Annual Report 2010 12 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Introduction matter mineralization.
decomposition, is called analytical laboratory provides The Fertilizer Advisory Services (FAS) to the growers and other research projects (such as breeding, agronomy and disease trials etc).

The labaratory gives fertilizer recommendations to growers in the cane belt area on the basis of soil and leaf samples analysis.

Soil, leaf and cane analysis are the major activities carried out by the laboratory.
Soil samples are analysed for soil pH, % organic matter, nitrogen, soil texture and major nutrients while leaf samples are analyzed for major nutrients such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, phosphorus and nitrogen.

The blended fertilizer recommendations are made after the analysis of soil and leaf sample to determine the status of each nutrient in the sample.
Cane samples are mainly analyzed to determine brix, pol, % pocs (pure obtainable cane sugar) and % fibre for research trials conducted by the respective sections in the four mill area.

The analytical laboratory conducts other projects such as nitrogen mineralization index to and phosphorus absorption develop simple models fertilizer for recommendation.

The soil sampling for these projects has been carried out in 38 sectors in the cane belt areas in 6 different soil orders.
The aim of the to nitrogen mineralization project determine the nitrogen mineralization rating of the different soil orders in the sugarcane belt area.

Manure nitrogen (N) comes in both organic and inorganic forms.

Inorganic N, mostly ammonium -), is readily (NH4 available to plants.

Before organic N can be taken up, however, it must first be converted forms.
This inorganic process, which is completed by soil microbes as a by-product of organic +) and nitrate (NO3 to is Nitrogen has been widely studied as a plant nutrient and as an environmental pollutant.

The amount of nitrogen that is mineralized in the soil is important for plant growth and therefore when determining proper nitrogen additions to crop production.

Being able to predict soil to mineralization could also help minimize the environment.
for optimum nitrogen loss soil the to of blended availability The phosphorus buffer index will help in recommendation of appropriate rates on fertilizer of based phosphorus values of adsorption different soil order in the cane belt.

The phosphorus buffer index (PBI) is a of the measure phosphorus (P) for plant uptake based on the soil type and its sorption class.

PBI is a measure of a soils ability to ‘hold onto’ phosphorus.

A high PBI soil will quickly bind up P and make it unavailable for plant uptake.
The higher the PBI value and its sorption class, the more capacity the soil has to bind phosphorus, making less available to the plant.

Conversely a low PBI soil will have more phosphorus available to the plant.

Fertiliser rates may need to be increased on soils with high PBI to compensate for the P that is unavailable.
it Industry Tribunal The laboratory also carries out soil salinity and sodicity assessment on need basis or upon request by the to check Sugar whether a particular new is farm economically viable for sugar cane farming.

Other analysis the laboratory conducts on cation exchange capacity, soil texture, organic matter and total nitrogen.
The services request are Annual Report 2010 13 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF such as fertilizer recommendation, new farm assessment, analytical analysis is provided as a free service.

The laboratory also provides attachment opportunities to graduate to get knowledge about research and laboratory activities carried out at the institute.

Soil and Leaf Samples for chemical Soil samples collected analysis must be dried before carrying out analysis.
Samples are grinded so that true representative sub-samples can be taken even when small amounts are used for analysis.

The main purpose of the chemical analysis of the soil is to the available amount of evaluate nutrients that plant roots may take up under favorable conditions.

Soil samples are analysed to determine the fertility status and appropriate blended fertilizer (A, B & C) is recommended.

The number of soil and leaf samples received and analyzed for year 2010 is shown in the Table 1.
A total of 903 soil and leaf samples were analyzed for different elements of which 221 soil samples were from growers fields.

The assessment report for soil salinity and sodicity of 40 samples were discussed with the farmer.

Grower meetings were conducted to educate growers on services provided by analytical laboratory and its benefits.
Table 1: Total number of Soil and Leaf Samples analyzed in 2010 District Soil Advisory Research Lautoka 98 Rarawai 1 Labasa 122 Penang - Total 221 District Leaf 248 231 100 52 631 Advisory Lautoka 5 Rarawai - Research 26 - Total 346 232 222 52 852 Total 31 - 5 - 20 46 Labasa - - Penang - 20 Total 51 District Grand Total – Soil & Leaf Lautoka 377 Rarawai 232 Labasa 222 Penang 72 Total [Table 1 Cont’d] 903 Cane samples fibre in sugarcane the samples The management of involves checking of proper labeling of cane bundles, taking weights of each bundle and the crushing process.
This important step as any is most contamination of samples will affect the whole process of analyzing cane for % pocs, brix and % fibre.

To determine percentage the crushed cane is pressed using the compressor to remove all the juice .The fibre is then dried at 80oC in oven for 3 days to remove all moisture.

Brix is the water soluble solids in juice.


This includes sucrose and other impurities such as salt, reducing sugars etc.The juice is extracted from the crushed cane and is filtered through nylon gauze wire.

The brix of the filtered the juice refractometer.

Extracted juice is also clarified using lead acetate powder (which coagulates colloids impurities and removes some colorant matter) and filtered.

The pol of the clarified juice is read in a tube of standard length in a sugar polarimeter.
A total of 1148 cane samples were analyzed for brix, pol, and fibre to determine %pocs in the small mill.

The cane samples were from variety, agronomy trials and field audit conducted by SRIF.

The number of cane samples analyzed in 2010 are presented in table 2. determined with is Annual Report 2010 14 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Table 2: Cane Samples 2010.
Trials Agronomy Disease Variety 2nd quarter 62 3rd quarter 12 4th quarter 32 Field Audit * Total 106 * * * 60 60 162 412 123 285 982 The bio chemical data obtained from small mill cane analysis has been giving high % pocs values that were above 15 mostly and % fibre was quite low.

The high values was suspected to be caused by the small mill cane samples that are stripped of all the leaves and there is no extraneous matter.
The high values had been of concern and an experiment was conducted to determine the fibre and pocs values by adding 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12% and 15% leaves in the fibre.

It was found that the %fibre values increases as the % leaves added to the results clean obtained are presented in table 3. increased.
The cane Table 3: Results of % fibre t n e m t a e r T t h g i e w y r D ) 1 W ( g a B + ) 2 W ( t h g i e W g a B e r b i F % t h g i e W l a i t i n I Clean Cane Clean Cane + 2.5% fibre Clean Cane + 5% fibre Clean Cane + 7.5% fibre Clean Cane + 10% fibre Clean Cane + 12.5% fibre Clean Cane + 15% fibre 100 100(2.5g leaves) 100(5g leaves) 100(7.5g leaves) 100(10g leaves) 100(12.5g leaves) 100(15g leaves) 27.31 15.28 12.03 28.87 15.80 13.07 29.74 15.52 14.22 29.95 14.97 14.98 31.33 15.35 15.98 33.39 16.00 17.39 33.24 14.74 18.50 Nitrogen Mineralization and Phosphorus Adsorption Index A project was undertaken by the laboratory to determine nitrogen mineralization capacity and phosphorus absorption index of different soil types such as (alfisol, Inceptisol, mollisol, oxisol, ultisol and vertisol) that are within the cane belt area so that possible amendments can be made to fertilizer advisory services provided by the laboratory in near future.
A total of 422 samples have been analyzed for phosphorous buffer index (PBI) and the sorption values calculated.

In the nitrogen mineralization project 493 soil samples have been analyzed for zero and seven day extraction.

The data obtained is shown in Table 4 and further detailed analysis is required to make useful interpretation.

Table 4: Results of N-mineralisation and Phosphorus adsorption index.
f o r e b m u N s e l p m a S ) g k / g m ( ) I B P ( x e d n I r e d r O l i o S Alfisol 32 Inceptisol 94 50 Mollisol 5 Oxisol 13 Ultisol 6.3 - 104.3 29-254 2.1 - 92.4 17-254 3.5 - 97.3 19-254 2.1 - 27.3 55-254 14.0 - 63.7 31-108 Generally Inceptisol and Mollisol are found in the cane belt areas.
Based on the data obtained, Alfisol and Inceptisol had the highest value of mineralisable N and Oxisol and Ultisol has the lowest value.

The phosphorus buffer index (PBI) in recommendation of appropriate rates on fertilizer of blended project based help will Annual Report 2010 15 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF phosphorus adsorption values of different soil order in the cane belt.

Generally most of the mollisol soils had low PBI and Oxisol and Ultisol had high PBI.
The fertilizer rates have to be increased in soils with high PBI values and decreased in soils with low PBI values.

Quality Assurance System Quality Assurance includes the policies, systems, programmes, procedures and instructions necessary to assure the quality of test results.

All the laboratory’s policies, procedures and practices have been documented.

The procedures and policies described in this manual are follow.
for all staff mandatory Amendments to the procedures must be authorized the Science Audit Committee before inclusion in the Quality Manual.

by to The Analytical Laboratory has an active internal analytical quality control program that covers all of the testing carried out in the laboratory and continues to have QC checks by having standard as well as quality control samples.

Calibration of laboratory equipment and instruments are carried out as scheduled and recorded.
Daily calibration checks of room temperature, pH of distilled water, quality of distilled water, balance and other instruments are also recorded.

The laboratory also participated in external and proficiency sample programmes with members of SPACNET for accreditation of our laboratory to international standards.

The capturing of data into computers from instruments like pH, EC meter, and polartronic is already in progress.

This will reduce the error due to the manual transcription of data.
Two ovens, digestion block, p H & EC meter, magnetic and refractometer were brought under EU five years since the funding.

It exchanges stirrer is joined laboratory analytical the Australasian Soil and Plant Analysis Council exchange sample proficiency and has received certification in most of elements analyzed and assessed in the fourth year.

For soil analysis, the laboratory has received certification for all the elements analysed whereas for leaf only magnesium and potassium are certified.
Dextran – Alcohol Haze Method during quality The chemical product that results from the degradation of sugarcane by micro- organisms activity is dextran.

It is a good indicator of the deterioration of transit sugarcane between fields and the factory.

By reducing the lapse of time between cane harvesting and transport, the problem of degradation can be reduced enzymatic substantially.

Expensive treatments are needed to remove dextran from mill juice when present in high levels.
An experiment was done during the field audit last year comparing burnt cane and green cane.

The results obtained from the samples showed major variation in dextran levels.

The dextran levels in burnt cane was almost double to that of green cane.

This shows that burning causes the micro- organisms to hasten the degradation causing more damage to the plant.

Samples of burnt cane were taken from cane lorries and rail trucks at random and analysed.
The rail truck samples showed higher dextran concentrations.

One of the reasons is that the rail truck samples are exposed to contamination, sunlight and humidity for a longer period of time.

The lorry cane reaches the mill in a shorter period of time compared to rail cane.

Annual Report 2010 16 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Meteorology Introduction The Sugar Research Institute of Fiji has a wide range of meteorological instruments which are operational.
There are forty- three rainfall stations in the cane growing areas that record and forward daily rainfall data.

Climatological stations are manned by observers who are required to record basic observations such as temperatures (dry, wet, max, min, rainfall, amount of clouds, earth), visibility, sunshine, wind direction, wind force, evaporation at 9am and maximum temperatures at 3pm daily.

At the end of each month the data are compiled and forwarded to Fiji Meteorological Station.
The climatological data plays a vital role in predicting weather forecast, producing climate summary and quarterly climate outlook for sugarcane belt area.

Rainfall The rainfall over the month of January to March 2010 period was generally below average across the sugar cane growing areas.

The month of January was hotter and drier as El Niño phenomena continued from September 2009.
The rainfall pattern for 2010 wetter months were quite different from previous years as November to April cyclone period was drier due to the El Nino effect.

The south oscillation index returned to its neutral condition on April for the first time.

Conditions were drier than normal across the sugarcane belts in the western division over April to June 2010 period.
stations recording However, across the in the sugarcane belts northern division experienced average to in the same above average rainfall period.

The trend of below average rainfall continued to be experienced across the cane growing areas in August.

rainfall the group.

Rainfall in the western division was significantly below average at most of the rainfall stations during August 2010.

The drought like condition prevailed from the month of October 2009 till September 2010.
The observed rainfall in the four mill areas and at all the rainfall recording centres in the cane belt were above to well above average in October 2010.

This rain was due to a trough of low pressure.

The October weather was influenced by the convergence zone situated on the north of Fiji and moved Lautoka mill over (206.2mm),Penang mill (248.8mm), Labasa mill(165.0mm) and Rarawai mill(141.4mm) recorded 202%, 230% , 143% , % and 137% above average rainfall respectively.
The month of November was wetter than normal as the trough of low pressure was moving slowly over the Fiji group.

The rainfall varied in December as Lautoka, Rarawai and Labasa mill area received above average rainfall and Penang mill received below average rainfall for December 2010.

Overall in 2010, Labasa mill received the highest rainfall and Lautoka mill received the lowest rainfall (Table 1).
El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) irregular cycle of persistent warming and cooling of sea surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific Ocean.

The warm extreme is known as El Niño and cold extreme, La Niña.

The El Niño Southern Oscillation state became neutral in April.

Most of the leading international the climate models predicted tropical Pacific will be in a La Niña state before the end of August 2010.
Despite 2009/10 El Niño event ending in June 2010, the effects became more marked that Annual Report 2010 17 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF over the July to September period with many parts of the sugarcane growing areas experiencing extended dry spells.

The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indicators suggested typical conditions that favoured the developing stages of a La Niña.
By mid July, the ENSO indicators reached levels that were typical of the early stages of a La Niña, and by late August the event was well established and continued to strengthen.

The typical wet pattern was rainfall experienced as early as October 2010 with a La Niña event.

The above resulted in October and November experiencing significant amounts of rainfall across all mill areas.

This resulted in October and November receiving above average to well above average rainfall.
Wetter conditions continued in December.

season Relative Humidity Relative Humidity at 0900hrs were generally below average to average in Lautoka mill for January to October whereas generally above average for November and December.

Sunshine to June Generally the sunshine hours varied from below average to above average at the Lautoka mill.

From January to March the sunshine hours were above average and April the sunshine hours recorded were below average.
Later in the months of July to September again the sunshine hours recorded was above average and below average for the month of October to December 2010.

Earth Temperature The earth temperatures at all depths (5cm, 10cm & 20cm) were mostly greater than or equal to the long term mean values throughout the year except and December.

November The temperature varied on day to day basis but there was an overall increase by 0.1 - 2.8ºC at different depth for respective month.
The temperature decreased by -1.0 to -2.0 for the months of November and December 2010.In the month of April the earth temperatures at all depths were equal to or just below average.

Soil Moisture January was very dry with little limiting growth of moisture and sugarcane.

From February to March, the soil moisture was dry-limiting growth of cane.

In the months of April, October, November and December the moisture status was moderate with sufficient moisture for growth.
The rest of the months, the soil moisture status was dry-limiting while drought like conditions prevailed.

Air Temperature Air temperatures, both daytime and night-time were above average for Lautoka mill during to December 2010.

The highest maximum temperature recorded was 36.1°C for the month of March and the lowest minimum recorded was 16.7°C for July 2010.
January Evaporation The sunken pan evaporation readings were above average from January to September and below average from October till December 2010.

Similar pattern was observed for raised pan evaporation throughout the year with little variation.

For the months of March and April the raised pan evaporation data was not correct due to the maintenance of the raised pan.
Annual Report 2010 18 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Table 1: Rainfall (mm) for all mills – 2010 Mills Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Total Lautoka Mill Monthly Rainfall 94.8 93.2 137.5 144.0 23.6 3.4 54.6 6.8 10.4 206.2 299.3 225.6 1299.4 No.
of rain days 11 12 12 13 6 1 2 3 5 17 18 21 121 *40yrs Avg (1971- 2010) % of average Rarawai Mill 367.1 303.6 305.0 187.2 83.8 68.9 54.6 71.7 75.2 102.2 137.2 187.5 1944.1 25.8 30.7 45.1 76.9 28.2 4.9 99.9 9.5 13.8 201.7 218.2 120.3 66.8 Monthly Rainfall 122.5 141.4 166.2 166.7 57.0 0.8 53.0 23.5 31.6 141.4 484.7 266.6 1655.4 No.
of rain days 13 8 15 15 6 2 3 4 5 17 23 23 134 *40yrs Avg (1971- 2010) % of average Penang Mill 373.6 345.7 370.5 203.9 93.0 80.0 43.5 67.1 76.6 103.5 154.8 238.2 2150.4 32.8 40.9 44.9 81.7 61.3 1.0 121.8 35.0 41.3 136.6 313.1 111.9 77.0 Monthly Rainfall 59.3 306.8 83.9 153.7 61.8 39.6 22.7 13.9 57.4 248.8 430.2 165.0 1643.1 No.
of rain days 11 18 17 15 11 11 6 6 9 14 20 24 162 *40yrs Avg (1971- 2010) % of average Labasa Mill 417.0 334.3 377.0 252.5 151.1 97.8 53.9 71.3 89.7 108.2 154.3 253.4 2360.4 14.2 91.8 22.3 60.9 40.9 40.5 42.1 19.5 64.0 230.0 278.7 65.1 69.6 Monthly Rainfall 213.1 73.3 314.4 325.2 108.0 104.0 88.1 41.9 16.8 165.2 425.1 400.5 2275.6 No.
of rain days 12 11 17 13 12 6 3 5 6 18 20 23 146 *40yrs Avg (1971- 2010) % of average 402.0 349.7 359.9 249.3 110.7 78.1 53.7 48.7 76.0 115.6 184.5 261.5 2289.7 53.0 21.0 87.3 130.5 97.6 133.2 164.0 86.1 22.1 143.0 230.5 153.1 99.4 Annual Report 2010 19 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Table 2: Rainfall data (mm) for Lautoka, Nadi and Sigatoka Districts 2010 Sector Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Drasa 162.7 14.2 182.8 107.1 15.0 Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Total 0.0 61.0 30.3 58.0 188.8 281.3 200.2 1301.4 No.
of rain days 7 3 8 5 4 0 1 3 6 9 11 8 65 Lovu 99.0 15.0 137.0 203.0 22.0 1.0 47.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 524.0 No.

of rain days 7 5 7 5 4 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 30 Saweni 98.0 12.8 91.0 64.0 27.0 1.0 59.0 7.0 0.0 180.7 294.0 120.0 954.5 No.

of rain days 4 3 5 4 3 1 1 2 0 7 8 8 46 Natova 124.2 44.0 157.8 103.0 14.0 4.4 37.0 31.0 4.6 166.0 388.0 410.0 1484.0 No.

of rain days 4 5 5 4 2 1 1 2 2 7 11 13 57 Legalega 81.0 77.0 207.0 192.5 50.0 0.0 38.0 12.5 3.0 73.5 206.5 101.0 1042.0 No.
of rain days 4 6 8 7 3 0 1 2 1 7 11 7 57 Meigunyah 80.0 78.5 208.0 190.0 69.0 0.0 31.0 12.0 3.0 65.5 186.0 115.0 1038.0 No.

of rain days 4 6 8 5 3 0 1 2 1 7 10 6 53 Qeleloa 10.1 0.0 0.0 108.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 118.1 No.

of rain days 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Navo Dist/Office 69.4 47.9 324.9 235.3 35.5 2.4 52.9 29.3 11.7 67.2 499.1 267.0 1643 No.

of rain days 3 8 13 7 3 1 2 2 1 5 9 12 66 Malolo 107.4 48.1 278.5 234.3 33.1 2.8 46.3 26.9 10.8 192.4 483.5 296.1 1760.2 No.
of rain days 3 8 10 7 3 1 2 2 1 9 9 12 67 Nawaicoba 29.6 102.3 256.4 197.0 26.2 0.0 143.8 26.0 1.0 134.2 336.3 265.0 1517.8 No.

of rain days 2 4 8 7 2 0 1 2 1 6 9 11 53 Yako 31.6 49.0 131.0 136.2 2.1 0.0 63.0 24.2 1.2 67.2 193.0 229.0 927.5 No.

of rain days 2 3 6 4 1 0 1 2 1 9 8 10 47 Lomawai 17.5 199.6 182.4 177.0 51.9 0.0 104.5 0.0 0.0 100.2 161.5 198.6 1193.2 No.

of rain days 3 6 6 5 4 0 2 0 0 6 9 8 49 Cuvu 39.5 96.5 189.5 185.5 36.5 8.5 106.5 10.0 2.8 75.5 151.5 48.3 950.6 No.
of rain days 4 5 9 7 6 2 3 4 1 8 8 7 64 Olosara 59.0 78.0 102.0 159.0 28.0 10.0 102.0 12.0 0.0 68.0 196.5 81.0 895.5 No.

of rain days 3 5 8 7 4 2 2 5 0 7 9 7 59 Annual Report 2010 20 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Table 3: Rainfall data (mm) for Rarawai Mill 2010 Sector Varoko (Sarava) 57.0 191.0 135.0 55.0 Jan 52.0 Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 3.0 Total 89.0 506.0 141.0 1292.0 4.0 46.0 13.0 No.

of rain days 4 5 11 7 3 1 1 1 3 6 13 8 63 Mota No.


of rain days 114.0 9 52.0 196.0 158.5 26.0 2 11 8 5 Naloto (Nukuloa) No.
of rain days 161.0 174.0 308.0 260.0 45.0 2 10 11 8 5 Nil 53.0 28.0 2 1 0 Nil 45.0 17.0 2 1 0 34.0 157.0 596.0 208.0 1622.5 70 12 5 7 8 46.0 139.0 660.0 205.0 2060.0 71 12 5 7 8 Rarawai Nil No.
of rain days AES - Rarawai No.

of rain days Koronubu No.

of rain days Veisaru (Navatu) No.

of rain days Varavu No.

of rain days Tagi Tagi No.

of rain days Yaladro (Tavua) No.

of rain days Drumasi No.

of rain days 13 121.0 9 38.0 3 22.0 2 20.0 3 40.0 4 37.0 4 Table 4: Rainfall data (mm) for Penang Mill – 2010 Sector Nanuku Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total 59.6 126.6 34.8 80.6 39.6 Nil 45.2 Nil 46.0 172.7 369.4 69.4 1043.9 No.
of rain days 4 5 5 6 3 0 1 0 5 8 17 4 58 Malau 59.3 306.8 83.9 153.7 61.8 39.6 22.7 13.9 57.4 248.8 430.2 165.0 1643.1 No.

of rain days 11 18 17 15 11 11 6 6 9 14 20 24 162 Ellington I 41.1 91.3 169.2 127.6 33.7 15.4 8.4 3.6 52.4 124.8 251.5 53.4 972.4 No.

of rain days 12 18 24 17 10 12 4 4 7 14 17 16 155 Ellington II 72.9 171.3 400.3 536.7 57.6 41.8 114.2 20.7 79.2 371.6 890.4 221.7 2978.4 No.
of rain days 6 10 7 19 9 10 3 5 7 15 19 12 122 Annual Report 2010 21 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Table 5: Rainfall data (mm) for Labasa Mill 2010 Sector Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Total Rokosalase (Solove) No.

of rain days 148.5 77.7 413.0 248.0 53.8 106.9 64.2 15.5 79.0 298.2 552.6 333.5 2391 7 9 10 17 4 3 2 1 1 12 18 12 96 Naravuka (Bulivou) 62.9 105.4 317.4 95.0 43.3 45.7 55.4 21.8 39.2 126.0 619.7 337.6 1869 No.
of rain days 5 8 7 6 4 3 4 3 4 9 12 14 79 Natua (Seaqaqa) 145.9 66.8 121.3 264.4 39.6 79.0 16.0 15.6 3.7 230.8 287.2 160.2 1431 No.

of rain days 13 9 15 18 4 5 1 3 2 20 14 13 117 Seaqaqa Sub.

St. 332.0 94.0 466.5 324.6 35.6 90.4 60.8 28.4 38.0 322.2 359.2 286.3 2438 No.

of rain days 9 7 15 10 3 1 1 6 6 14 14 14 100 Waiqele 218.8 114.2 252.2 328.5 121.3 100.5 79.3 48.4 33.5 204.7 546.1 417.5 2465 No.
of rain days 13 9 12 9 9 4 1 5 8 17 16 15 118 Wailevu 183.6 86.0 332.5 351.0 115.1 92.3 83.0 21.4 10.0 187.3 355.4 317.3 2135 No.

of rain days 9 9 14 10 8 6 1 3 4 13 13 13 103 Vunimoli 389.6 158.8 544.1 369.0 90.8 129.4 92.6 41.2 26.8 303.8 538.4 386.8 3071 No.

of rain days 11 9 20 15 9 6 4 4 8 15 22 22 145 Korowiri 213.1 73.3 314.4 325.2 108.0 104.0 88.1 41.9 16.8 165.2 425.1 400.5 2276 No.
of rain days 12 11 17 13 12 6 3 5 6 18 20 23 146 Nagigi (Bucaisau) 131.0 102.0 417.0 485.0 54.0 87.0 83.0 10.7 38.2 203.0 514.0 267.7 2393 No.

of rain days 10 7 13 8 4 5 1 5 6 12 15 15 101 Daku 126.6 147.4 383.7 274.7 44.8 95.4 48.1 29.2 62.5 310.5 395.1 362.1 2280 No.

of rain days 7 9 13 10 10 5 4 4 11 17 19 19 128 Kuru Kuru (Daku) 105.8 136.2 314.9 198.9 54.6 109.5 62.6 46.0 55.9 265.9 464.5 398.2 2213 No.
of rain days 7 8 16 10 9 6 5 1 8 17 20 18 125 Wainikoro 204.6 234.0 386.0 157.2 73.0 91.0 49.0 14.0 67.0 303.0 433.0 451.0 2463 No.

of rain days 8 9 14 8 8 4 3 3 5 14 16 15 107 Vunivutu (Wainikoro) 140.9 183.9 402.4 166.8 51.3 101.6 40.9 20.8 53.3 285.2 686.0 318.1 2451 No.

of rain days 7 10 15 8 10 6 7 3 7 15 15 15 118 Papalagi (Wainikoro) 58.3 114.8 471.3 176.9 36.8 77.8 86.3 30.5 37.5 163.4 775.8 458.8 2488 No.
of rain days 7 10 18 7 3 1 4 1 3 11 14 20 99 Annual Report 2010 22 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Table 6: Meteorological data for Sugar Research Institute of Fiji, Lautoka 2010 Aug Measurements 63 Relative Humidity 41yrs Avg (1970-2010) 70 Air temperature (°C) Feb Mar Apr 76 74 68 75 77 77 May 74 74 Jun 69 74 Jan 73 75 Jul 65 71 Sept Oct 60 69 66 69 Nov Dec 77 70 72 71 Mean maximum 31.9 32.8 31.8 31.0 31.0 31.4 29.4 30.5 31.7 30.6 29.4 30.6 31.0 24.3 23.8 28.1 34.3 22.0 Mean Max 41yrs Avg (1970- 2010) Mean minimum Mean Min 41yrs Avg (1970- 2010) Mean Highest maximum Lowest minimum Evaporation (mm) Sunken pan Sunken Pan: 41yrs Avg (1970-2010) Raised pan Raised Pan: 41yrs Avg (1970-2010) P:E ratio Earth temperature (°C) 30.9 5 cm 30.3 10 cm 31.0 20 cm 100 cm 23.8 41yrs Avg (1970-2010): 5cm 29.9 29.2 41yrs Avg 10cm 41yrs Avg 20cm Sunshine (hours) -mean 41yrs Avg (1971-2010) (1970-2010): (1970-2010): Table 7: Transeau Ratio (Precipitation/Evaporation) and Moisture Status of Soil 2010 P.E <0.25 0.26-0.50 0.51-1.00 1.10-2.00 >2.00 Moisture status Drought conditions Months May, June, August, September Very dry - limiting moisture.
Slow growth.

Dry - limiting moisture.

Slow growth.

January, July February, March Moderate - sufficient moisture for moderate growth.

April, October, November, December Good - sufficient moisture for good growth.

Annual Report 2010 23 Cane Weevil Borer Nematology Financial Report 2010 1 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF CANE WEEVIL BORER Split-cane trap on year Integrated A two year project commenced during the Pest Management of the Sugarcane Weevil Borer (Rhabdoscelus obscurus) in Fiji.
Six farms have been selected from Lautoka, Rarawai and Penang mill areas.

From that 6 farms a paddock is selected which is about a hectare in size.

10 split-cane traps are placed in each paddock 10m into the row and 10 rows apart, 5 traps are placed in each end of the paddock.

The traps are picked up every fortnightly and number of borers is recorded.

The table below shows the number of cane weevil borers collected from the 18 farms and the number of male and female are recorded.
Table 1: Number of borers collected from Split traps District Number of borer (6 farms) Male 1376 406 1200 Female 1310 518 1437 Total 2849 924 2637 Lautoka Rarawai Penang By placing the CWB traps in a particular farm over a period of time it will be possible to monitor whether there is an increase or decrease in the number of male and female borers.

Pheromone trap In the pheromone trap trials, 4 farms have been selected 5km away from split cane traps.
The 10 pheromone traps are placed per farms 3m away from the edge of the paddock.

Table2: Number of borers collected from Pheromone District Number of borer (4 farms) Female Total Male 1757 906 831 Nadi that The progressive results support the understanding the pheromone normally attracts more female than male CWB.

The trial is still in progress and the effect of other like temperature on the population is being studied.
factors Nematology to see Although Nematodes was recorded in 1891 by N.A.Cobb on banana and in 1976 by Marshall Kirby on sugarcane in Fiji, since than no study has been the effects of conducted nematodes on sugarcane.

A nematode survey of the cane lands was carried out in 2009-2010.

A total of 384 soil samples were collected and analyzed.

The soil samples were collected from ten different active cane growing farms in different sectors.
There were 10 nematodes genera that were identified and counted in the soil samples.

The most common plant parasitic nematodes found in Fiji’s sugarcane fields are; Lesion, Reniform, Spiral, Ring, Dagger, Stubby, Stunt, Rootknot, Lance and Pin nematodes.

Oesophagus Stylet Ovary Vulva Anus Intestine Figure1:Typical structure (Courtesy R. Esser ) nematodes The nematodes were extracted from the soil samples that were kept at 23°C and the different nematodes were counted.
The soil texture of most samples is clay loam and was friable on the tray when set up.

Intestine Annual Report 2010 25 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF The plant parasitic nematodes are free living worm like organisms that can swim through the soil water and attack plant roots.

Plant parasitic nematodes damage the plant cells using there stylet (needle like structure, see in figure 1) and suck out cell contents.

They can destroy cause malformations, and drain resources from the plant.
tissues, root Lesion Nematodes – Pratylenchus spp It is an endoparasite.

They are widely spread in all the four mill areas.

Labasa, Lautoka and Rarawai mill have very high population of lesion nematodes.

They are mainly observed in clay loam soil and rarely found in silty loam and sandy loam.

Root-knot Nematodes – Meloidogyne spp It is an endoparasite.

Most sectors in Labasa mill area generally have very high population of root knot nematodes.
Soils of Daku, Natua, Solove, Wailevu, Ellington, Malau, Nawaicoba and Yako are clay loam and these nematodes were widely spread in this soil type, clay loam soil and sandy clay loam.

They are rarely observed in Loam and sandy loam soil.

Reniform Nematodes – Rotylenchus spp An ectoparasitic nematode which are more common in Rarawai and Penang mills than in Lautoka and Labasa.

Ring Nematodes – Criconamoides spp An ectoparasitic nematode commonly found in 4 mill areas.
They are also found in Labasa sector in high numbers.

Stubby Nematodes – Trichodorus spp An ectoparasitic nematode that are commonly observe in Labasa and Lautoka mill area but are present in small numbers in all mill areas.

Dagger Nematodes – Xiphinema spp They are ectoparasitic nematodes found in small numbers in all the sectors.

Spiral Nematodes – Helicotylenchus spp Ectoparasitic nematodes generally found in Labasa, Lautoka and Rarawai mill areas in high numbers.
They are also found in all the samples that were observed.

Stunt Nematodes – Tylenchorhynchus spp It is an ectoparasite.

They are present in very small numbers in Lautoka and Rarawai mill areas and not observed in Labasa and Penang mill areas.

Pin Nematodes – Paratylenchus spp They have been found in small numbers in Lautoka and Rarawai mill areas.

Lance Nematodes – Hoplolaimus spp They are present in small numbers in some sectors.
The percent occurrences of nematode genera samples are presented in table 2. in 384 soil Table 3: % Occurrence of nematodes Nematode species % occurrence Pratylenchus Helicotylenchus Criconemoides Meloidogyne Rotylenchus Tylenchorhynchus Hoplolaimus Paratylenchus Trichodorus Xiphinema 25 28 11 14 17 0 1 0 2 2 Pratylenchus and Helicotylenchus are most common and found in all sectors.
Annual Report 2010 26 Seed Cane Nursery Early Weed Control Nitrogen Replacement Zonal Tillage Soil Compaction Intercropping Model Farm GIS Estates Rehabilitation of abandoned Farms FACP Tables Approved Varieties Financial Report 2010 1 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Seed Cane Nursery Program (SCN) There are lots of advantages of having a seed cane nursery.

The farmers can get a better germination and improved cane yield by using seed cane from a healthy source such as a certified seed cane nursery.
The ability to irrigate a nursery is highly desirable because a supply of water will assure that adequate amounts of seed cane will be available at the right time.

Heat an treatment has become important measure for ensuring healthy seed stock for control of diseases such as ratoon stunting disease and can be used in an integrated system of disease management.
Heat treatments can also stimulate effects on germination, and when fungicides are used, it can reduce the infection of other fungal disease such as pineapple disease.
from Table 1: Distribution of seed treated cane nurseries at different mill stations Estate the heat Varieties distributed Quantity tonnes 8.00 Waqadra Kiuva LF91-1925 Total Rarawai Mana Drasa Labasa Kaba Kiuva Total Kiuva LF91-1925 Mana Total Kiuva LF91-1925 Total Total All Estates 17.00 25.00 12.22 8.78 13.08 34.08 26.00 29.87 13.50 69.37 26.00 22.00 48.00 176.45 Ratoon stunting disease is prevalent in Fiji and can cause losses up to 27% in cane yield annually.
This major disease is cured by hot water treatment.

Other minor diseases are also cured by heat treatment.

free The nurseries provided seed cane that was from disease and pest infestation, 8-10 months old with healthy buds and pure stand of the variety.

A program of seed cane production using hot water treated cane setts and well maintained with to disease nutrition, weed control, irrigation inspection and appropriate when needed would have resulted in good quality seed cane.
regards tertiary A total of 34.2ha were planted in the SRIF administered estates in 2010 on secondary and seed bed nurseries.

This are classified as Distribution plots and a total of 176.45t were distributed to farmers from the SRIF administered estates and was 4% of the available seed for the 2010 planting season.

Seed cane of new varieties LF91-1925 and Kiuva was distributed to farmers free of charge.
The reasons for the very low uptake of seed cane from the Estates were due to the EL NINO effects experienced in 2010 with a total rainfall of 1038mm but the water requirements for the sugar cane crop were not sufficient for proper growing except for Rarawai estate which used irrigation facilities.

The targeted planting for 2010 was 60ha and we have been able to achieve 69.5ha of which 51% was planted by farmers and the remainder planted on the estates.
Annual Report 2010 28 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Early weed control the found latosol soil The weed trial that was established on a humic in Lautoka was harvested and analysed.

From this trial it was treatment that combination of Velper K4 (4kg/ha) with Amine 720 mixture applied at 4 weeks after planting gave the highest yield compared to other treatments.

This assessment indicates that weed control at an early stage ensures greater returns for the farmer.
The table below summarises the yield and estimated revenue gain by applying the weedicides at 4 weeks instead of 7, 10 or 13 months.

The revenue gain is based on the current cane price of Fijian $45 per tonne of cane.
Table 1: cane yield from weed control trial Treatment Velper Amine 720 Cane Yield (tc/ha) K4 + T1 – no control T2 – at 4 weeks T3 – at 7 weeks T4 – at 10 weeks T5 – at 13 weeks 24 113 92 74 47 Table 2: yield and revenue gain Weedicide application at 4 weeks instead of: Yield increase (tc/ha) 7 weeks 10 weeks 13 weeks 21 39 66 Benefit ($) @ ($45/t) 945 1755 2970 Nitrogen Replacement Methods Two nitrogen replacement trials were established in 2009 for the ratoon crop.
Three treatments were applied that included a fertilizer).

Treatment 2 was based on leaf analysis recommendation from the laboratory control (no Annual Report 2010 treatment 3 was based on the amount of Nitrogen removed for every tonne harvested from previous season.

The trials were harvested in 2010 and the data shows that there was no significant difference in the cane yield of the two major treatments applied.
Table 3: N Replacement Results Treatment 1 control 2 104kg N/ha 3 81kg N/ha 1 control 2 104kg N/ha 3 81kg N/ha 1 control 2 104kg N/ha 3 81kg N/ha Waqadra Drasa Tcha 26B 50A 55A %pocs 45B 64A 57A 15B 16A 16A Tsha 4B 8A 9A 17.3A 17.4A 17.6A 8B 11A 10A Means in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P=<0.05 according to Least Significant Difference method (LSD) Figure 1: Weedicide applied 4 weeks after planting Figure 2: Weedicide applied 10 weeks after planting 29 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Bio-compost Trial Bio-compost fertilizers enrich our soil with nutrients required by cane to grow without causing any detrimental effect as caused by chemical fertilizers.
A bio- compost trial was established in 2010 at Drasa.

The trial was established to study the effects of bio-compost fertilizers and chemical fertilizers on cane.

The growth assessment done at 3, 5 and 7 months show that there is no difference in tillers and stalk height of the treatments applied but the conclusion can only be the made after treatments is obtained.
the yield from Soil compaction Figure 1 Soil compaction comparison for rail and lorry transportation methods of cane manually harvested Lorry Gang Compaction Index (kPa) Rail Gang 0.00 -0.06 -0.12 -0.18 -0.24 -0.30 -0.36 ) m ( h t p e D l i o S 100 600 1100 1600 2100 2600 3100 3600 4100 0.6 0.0 Distance across row profile (m) 1.8 1.2 2.4 0.6 0.0 Distance across row profile (m) 1.8 2.4 1.2 A study was carried out to see the compaction two major between transporting systems of cane in Fiji.
The graph shows that lorry transportation used gives more compaction compared to the rail.

Compaction above 2068 kPa causes the cane roots to grow laterally, which leads to stool tipping and lodging of cane.

Also when the cane root is not able to penetrate to its optimum level it hinders yield.

Mechanically harvested field: sub-soiler must be used.
the Figure 2 Soil compaction for mechanically harvested fields Single Row Compaction Index (kPa) Dual Row 0.00 -0.06 -0.12 -0.18 -0.24 -0.30 -0.36 ) m ( h t p e D l i o S 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 0.0 0.6 1.2 1.8 2.4 3.0 3.6 Distance across row profile (m) 0.0 0.6 1.2 1.8 2.4 3.0 3.6 Distance across row profile (m) Annual Report 2010 30 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Fertilizer applied at the base was NPK (15:15:15) NPK and the yields obtained from the trials are summarised in table1.
Table 1: Potato intercrop yield Sector Area (Ha) Harvest yield (kg/ha) Koronubu Lautoka Natova Meigunyah Qeleloa **Ploughed out due to poor germination 2470 **0 3520 4580 200 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Part of the Koronubu and Meigunyah trial were affected by bacterial wilt Ralstonia (Pseudomonas) solanacearum, but the Meigunyah trial gave a better yield due to its soil type (sandy).

trial at Qeleloa had poor The germination and was badly affected by the dry weather conditions.
Potato is recommended for planting during the cooler months (May-July).

Overall, potato intercropped with sugar cane can be a very successful venture for sugar cane farmers as this can generate additional income and also provide a source of food.
Support from stakeholders such as FSC and Ministry of Agriculture through funds for seed and other costs will get farmers interested and involved with their crops including sugar cane Intercropping Crop production can be increased by maximizing the use of agricultural land through crop diversification.

Another option is to convert additional land under cultivation by expanding into marginal lands which has become a practice in Fiji.
Hence, of the available options, increase in intensity of cultivation and in yields per unit area is the only available options to meet future market demands.

Crop diversification can be a useful means to increase crop output under different situations.

The cultivation of field crops in sugar cane in Fiji has been defined as crop diversification or intercropping.

The current practice in Fiji is planting subsistence crops to the main cropping system.
The objective of this trial was to investigate the efficacy of producing potato when intercropped with sugar cane in Fiji’s sugar cane belt.

The opportunity to plant such a trial with sugar cane materialized with the support of the Ministry of Agriculture that supplied the seed material for Red rascal, a potato variety bred in New Zealand.

five The trials were intercropping planted in the Ba – Nadi area to observe the yield of potato.
The potato was harvested between September and November 2010. project was in conducted This conjunction with the Ministry of Agricultures’ Legalega Research Station in Nadi.

The amount of potato seed per farm was 200kg.

Figure 1: Potato planting Annual Report 2010 31 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Geographic Information System Fiji Leaf Gall Disease Mapping The mapping of Fiji Leaf Gall (FLG) disease was completed during the year based on the rouging data from 2005 to 2009.
The infected farms were identified by adding a field in the attribute table of the 2009 production data, which showed the occurrence of FLG disease over a five-year period.

The infected farms were confirmed in 2010 by the infected rougers who plotted these GPS.

the farms using by Figure 1: FLG spread & concentration – Nadi district.

The plotting allowed identification of farms that had a conflict in the boundary according to the GIS base map in the system.
The unique points outside the farm boundaries marked by the GPS were identified as new FLG disease infected sites which became prevalent over the years as they were new sites comparing with the five year rouging data from 2005 to 2009.

Annual Report 2010 32 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Sector Production Mapping – Lovu Fiji cane sector mapping was initiated with reference to the Drasa Pilot map as a guide.

The production data as of 2009 provided by FSC was mapped.
The allocation of production data to individual farm numbers enabled the mapping of production with respect to the spatial distribution.

Figure 2.

Lovu Sector Production 2009 Figure 3.

Lovu Sector Farms – Active Vs Inactive Annual Report 2010 33 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Estates The five millers owned estates that were managed by the Institute produced a total of 16,086 tonnes of cane from 278.8 hectares and the combined average yield was 58tpha.
Table 1: All Estates production in 2010 Estate Drasa Waqadra Rarawai Labasa Penang Total Area under cane 108 74 63 30 3.8 278.8 Cane Produced tpha 5997 4265 3423 2063 338 16086 56 58 54 69 89 58 Drasa Estate Drasa Estate has a total area of 127.5 hectares available for cane planting.

In 2010, 91.4 ha was under commercial cane, 19.7 ha old other variety, 1 ha research trials, 13.4 ha short fallow and 1.5ha was long fallow.
The total cane production at Drasa Estate in 2010 season was 5997 tonnes from an area of 108 hectares that gave a yield of 56 tonnes per hectare.

There was a decrease of cane production from 67tpha in 2009 to 56tpha in 2010.

In addition there was a decrease of 18% in burnt cane (1498tonnes in 2010) as compared to previous year (3262tonnes in 2009).
Table 2:: Drasa Estate Cane Production 2010 Crop Commercial Research ha tonnes tc/ha tonnes tc/ha ha 60 0.8 87 Plant 23.2 2013 - - 55 5.8 1R - - 28 3.4 2R 0.2 OR 14 44 54.9 2442 1.0 74 Total 87.3 4867 56 Total Crop Old Other Variety 75 - - 70 74 317 95 tonnes tc/ha tonnes tc/ha ha ha 78 413 Plant 5.3 68 212 3.1 1R 70 21 0.3 2R OR 37 11.0 410 Total 19.7 1056 54 529 116 85 29.3 2486 59 8.9 31 3.7 66.1 2866 43 108 5997 56 The major weather event of the year was the El Nino effect which started in January and continued till September.
This resulted in below average rainfall especially during the first quarter of the year which happens to be the growing period for cane.

During 2010 season a total of 1727mm of rainfall was received and this was 1378mm less compared with 2009 season.

Because of drought conditions the crop did not grow to full height with thin stunted stalks compared to normal The cane production per season.

hectare decreased by 11tc/ha compared to 2009 season.

All fertilization was done mechanically except the trials.
A total of 1619 bags of fertilizer was applied that included 21 bags blend A, 226 bags blend B and 1372 bags blend C. In nutritional value the 2010 crop received 231kgN/ha, 46kgP/ha and 172kgK/ha.

2010 harvesting season The commenced on 24/06/10 and ceased on 03/12/10 whereas estate harvesting commenced on 20/07/10 and ceased on 07/11/10.

Apart from research cane (73t) which was harvested manually the remaining cane (5924t) was harvested mechanically.
All cultivation, fertilization and harvesting was given out on contract.

Total cane planted in 2010 was 19.3 hectares out of this 2.0ha was Kaba, 7.4ha Kiuva, 2.4 ha Naidiri, 3.5 ha LF94- 694 (near commercial) and 4.0 ha research trials.
Approximately 262 tonnes of cane was used as seed material, out of this 135t was used for estate planting, 25t LF91- 1925 and 23t Kiuva were given free to farmers as part of promotion of the Annual Report 2010 34 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF newly released varieties, 11t was sold for cash and 68t was sold on FSC order.
Table 3 Drasa Estate production figures (2006-2010) Year Area Tonne s Burnt % Green % Total Yield tpha ha Waqadra Estate Nadi Estate has a registered area of 85.0 ha of which 20.1 ha is unaccounted for.

The total area available for cane production is 64.9 ha with farm basic allotment of 3856 tonnes.
The Estate has two contracts as Farm # 12902, and Farm # 12055.

This report provides an overview of the activities, operations and the production details of Nadi Estate in the 2010 season.

The total production of cane at the Estate this year was 3423 tonne of cane from 63.0 hectare giving a yield of 54.3 tpha.

The remaining 1.9 ha was set aside as long fallow in 2009 and has been planted with variety trials this year.
An additional 32 tonnes were given as seed cane to 16 growers, 110 tonnes were used for planting at Waqadra & Drasa estate and 20 tonnes stand over due to FEA main power cable over the field.

The commercial cane production was 2654 tonnes from 52.3 ha (50.7 tpha) and production from research trials was 769 tonnes from 10.7 ha (71.8 tpha).

Commercial cane occupied 83.0 % of cane the AUC whereas occupied 17.0 %.

research in 2010.
research in 2010.

The There was a significant decline in cane yield from 87.3 tpha in 2009 to 54.3 timing and tpha like of implementation planting, fertilization and weed control is very important and any adverse weather conditions during such practises have detrimental effect on the yield.

activities The decrease in was mainly due to the prolonged drought in the season and late harvesting of cane in 2009 did not have ample time for crop growth.
Rainfall from January 2010 to April 2010 was 556.5mm (41.4%) whereas the annual rainfall was 1343.5 for 2010 season.
Table 1: Waqadra Estate Cane Production 2010 Crop Research Commercial Total ha tons tpha ha tons tpha ha tons tpha Plant 5.5 468 85.1 10.1 765 75.7 15.6 1233 79.0 1R 2R 4.3 333 77.4 4.3 333 77.4 3.6 198 55.0 6.4 322 50.3 10.0 520 52.0 OR 1.6 103 64.3 31.5 1234 39.2 33.1 1337 40.4 Total 10.7 769 71.8 52.3 2654 50.7 63.0 3423 54.3 Table 2: Waqadra Estate production figures for the last five years (2006-2010) Yea r 2006 61.3 4242 73.8 1502 26.2 5744 93.7 Tonnes Burnt % Green % Total Yield Tpha Area ha Rarawai Estate The Rarawai Estate produced 4265 tonnes of cane with average yield of 58t/ha.
Approximately 310 t was used as seed material for 2010 planting at Estate and rehabilitation of abundant farms.

There was overall decrease of cane production from 62tpha in 2009 to 58 tpha in 2010.
Annual Report 2010 35 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Table 1: Rarawai Estate Cane Production 2010 Crop Research Commercial Total ha tons tpha ha tons tpha ha tons tpha Plant 3.2 220 69 12.4 1028 83 15.6 1248 80 2.6 110 46 10.3 660 64 12.9 770 60 1R 4.0 138 37 7.5 462 62 11.5 600 52 2R OR 1.7 35 21 32.3 1360 42 34.0 1395 48 Total 11.5 503 44 62.5 3762 60 74.0 4265 58 resulted The El Nino effect from January to September 2010 in below average rainfall received in the the active growing period of cane.
A total of 1655 mm rainfall was received during 2010 season compared to 1823 mm in 2009.Late harvesting in 2009 has also contributed to low yield in 2010.

The cultivation, fertilization and weed control was greatly affected by delay in harvesting.

Most of this work was given out on contractual basis.

The 2010 Estate harvesting commenced on 29th June 2010 and ended on 7th January 2011.
The contractor harvested 534t (13%) and the remaining crop including the trial cane was harvested by estate casuals and outside gangs.

Of 4265 t harvested and sent to mill, 2555t was green and 1710 t burnt cane.

Total cane planted in 2010 season was 17.1 hectares out of this 2.3 ha was Mana , 1.8ha Kiuva ,9.0 ha Kaba and 4.0 ha research from Estate planting, 30t seed cane was sold to growers and approximately 15 tonnes of Kiuva seed cane was given for free to growers under new variety propagation.
trials.
Apart Table 2: Rarawai Estate production figures for the last five years 2006-2010 Year Area ha Tonnes Burnt % Green % Total Yield tpha Labasa Estate Labasa estate has a total area of 38.0 hactre available for cane planting .Total cane harvested this season was 2063 tonnes from an area of 30.0 ha giving an yield of 68.8 tpha.
Two hundred tonnes of cane has been left as stand over due to poor mill performance and bad weather in the later part of the season.

increase to good in cane There was an production due favourable weather condition, timely cultivation, early fertilization and early harvest of previous year’s crop.

Approximately 100 tonnes of the new varieties Kiuva and to Labasa LF91-1925 were given growers.

The newly purchased farm at Batnikama produced 207 tonnes of cane from 3.6ha giving an yield of 57.5 tpha.
Table 1: Labasa Estate Cane Production 2010 Yield Tpha Tonnes Burnt % Green % Total 126 20 6 9.5 187 Area ha Estate 30 3.6 Bat 2063 68.7 90.5 207 57.5 1937 94 Labasa mill received 2275.6 mm of rainfall this year.

Cultivation in the estate and the Batnikama farm was mostly done mechanically.

Minimum cultivation was practiced this year and 82% of the beds were kept under trash to reduce the cost of production.
The amount of nutrient applied to the cane in 2010 was 130 kg of N, 20 kg of P and 92 kg of K. The estate was well maintained with field drains dug and cleaned to reduce water logging.
Table 2: Labasa Estate production figures for the last five years (2006-2010) Tonnes Year Area Burnt % Green % Total ha 2006 30.0 367 2007 28.4 324 2008 24.6 778 2009 26.6 NIL 2010 28.0 126 Yield tpha 18.7 1566 81 1913 63.8 1569 83 1892 66.4 17 63 37 1232 50.1 454 NIL 1623 100 1623 57.7 1934 94 2062 68.8 6 Annual Report 2010 36 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Penang Estate Penang estate has an area of 4.1hectares that is divided into four blocks that are planted with commercial varieties.
In 2010, 338 tonnes of cane was harvested from an area of 3.78ha and sent to the mill.

Spot weeding and spraying the inter rows and road around the estate was done on time and fertilization was delayed because of late delivery of the fertilizers.
ha Table 1: Penang Estate production figures for the last five years (2006-2010) Year Area Green Burnt Tons % Tons % Tons Total Yield Tpha Rehabilitation of abandoned farms Out of the 4 farms planted under the RAF scheme, 3 were harvested in 2010 and one farm that was planted late in 2009 was not harvested.

The production details are shown in table 1.


In spite of the adverse weather (drought conditions) the yields were high.

Difficulties were encountered in harvesting all the cane because of the bad weather conditions towards the later half of the harvesting season.

Table 1: Production details RAF Farms Harvesting details Farm No.

Ha 2.2 Tonnes 170 tcha 77.3 47 69 18565 18575 Total 4.6 0.8* 475 50 103.3 62.5 Will harvest in 2010 7.6 695 91.4 *4.4 ha standover.
The production results obtained has prompted a rejuvenated interest in cane the farming amongst farmers in surrounding areas and from farmers aware of this project.

Many farmers have applied for this assistance, but due to financial constraints SRIF cannot assist.
The existing farms should be maintained for demonstration and as a module of the feasibility of this project should funds be made available in future Records and data of activities and results to be evaluated for future use in the sugar production in Fiji as this project deals with nil sugarcane production land that was producing sugarcane before.
increasing pursuit of Most of these farms are in debt to Banks and other lending organizations, but through the confidence vested in SRIF by these organizations, these farms have been rehabilitated and the farmers are able to meet their commitments and increase sugarcane production.
The Project results have demonstrated the feasibility of this project and with more evaluation of the activities results a more comprehensive and sustainable development module can be drawn up increase sugar production using to abandoned, nil production and low production cane farms.

The assistance of other Sugar Industry stakeholders and funding is necessary to develop and this project sustain successfully.
The onus is on farmers to take responsibility and ownership of the industry to ensure its survival and this project is a step in the right direction.

second Rehabilitation Project The comprising four (4) farms in Koronubu were planted in 2010 and will be harvested in 2011.

The plant crop is well established on 14.6ha and estimated production is 1300 tonnes with a yield expected to be above 90t/ha.
Indolent Annual Report 2010 37 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF FACP Tables Appendix 1: Main features of 2010 season compared with 2009 Rarawai Labasa Penang Lautoka 2009 5678 All mills 2009 16887 farm farm 5233 4047 4057 basic 75170 14461 73804 15914 13780 8924 8897 4410 5709 2010 5612 registered area Total registrations Total allotments (tonnes) Total (hectares) Total area cultivated (hectares) Total area harvested (hectares) Total quotas (tonnes) Sugar actual(tonnes) Tonnes 94 N.T sugar Yield N.T.sugar per hectare Tonnes cane per tonnes sugar 94 N.T.
%POCS Cane purity average for season Tonnes cane harvested Open 4262 3654 5.19 5.07 9.91 10.8 9.60 76.2 10.2 79.4 10.1 81 10.8 79.8 56700 Open harvest tonnes 10 80 55273 44647 50114 49003 51900 44927 13.95 12.57 13.24 12.77 make Open Open 2.93 2.34 3.59 3.80 2.79 94 Tonnes cane crushed 726046 545431 659351 479294 679597 554575 181193 200747 2246371 1780047 Appendix 2: Monthly rainfall(mm) for 2010 compared with long term average Mills No.
of years Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Lautoka 2010 actual 144 23.6 3.4 54.6 6.8 10.4 206.2 299.3 225.6 1299.4 1818 72 182 64 50 68 126 190 97 91 94.8 93.2 137.5 315 318 303 102 yrs avg.

to 2010 Rarawai 2010 actual 125 yrs avg.

to 2010 Labasa 2010 actual 122 yrs avg.

to 2010 Penang 2010 actual 113 yrs avg.
to Annual Report 2010 38 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Appendix 3: Crop production details Lautoka 2009 2010 Rarawai 2009 2010 Labasa Areas harvested (hectares) Plant First ratoon 2nd ratoon Other ratoons Total Cane Harvested Plant First ratoon 2nd ratoon Other ratoons Total Yield tonnes per hectare harvested Plant First ratoon 2nd ratoon Other ratoons Avg.
yield/ha Main varieties crushed according to tonnes (%) Ragnar Aiwa Beqa Galoa Kaba Mali Mana Naidiri Vatu Waya LF91-1925 Expt./Others Total Penang 2009 2010 All mills 43.
Appendix 4: Rainfall (mm) at mill centres Mill For 12 months ended 31st December For 12 months ended 30th September Lautoka Rarawai Labasa Penang Annual Report 2010 39 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Appendix 5: Rainfall distribution affecting 2010 crop(mm) Month Jul 09 Aug 09 Sep 09 Oct 09 Nov 09 Dec 09 Jan 10 Feb 10 Mar 10 Apr 10 May 10 Jun 10 Period Lautoka Rarawai Labasa Penang Early Mid Late Early Mid Late Early Mid Late Early Mid Late Early Mid Late Early Mid Late Early Mid Late Early Mid Late Early Mid Late Early Mid Late Early Mid Late Early Mid Late 3.2 30.4 - 38.6 26.3 - 28 195.4 - 36.4 5.4 - 12.2 1.6 6.8 23.6 213.2 0.5 15.4 58.4 21 17 10.2 1.4 0.8 24.5 111.6 51.8 5.6 86.6 0.2 11.4 12 - 3.4 - 1.2 28.2 - 7.5 18.4 1.1 20.8 194.9 18.4 35.5 21.4 - 13.5 32.4 1.8 20 202.5 - 221 61.2 44.5 23.1 41.3 6.5 4.8 34.8 126.6 101.5 23.3 41.9 12.7 22.7 21.6 - 0.7 0.1 32.4 669.6 34.3 95.2 118 16.4 417 666.5 26.9 - 14 - 12 38 4 29 134 1 9.9 87.1 29.1 34 38 14 58.1 223.2 32.5 138.8 21.2 165 9 30.8 70.1 3 96.5 3.8 54 326 - 273 137 106 186 887 63 92 24 4 50 122 110 - - - 164 130 299 1313 678 1077 8 485 328 780 259 498 172 234 202 3 322 71 Early - 1st to 10th of the month Mid - 11th to 20th of the month Late - 21st to end of the month Annual Report 2010 40 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Appendix 6: Hectares harvested Mills Average for period of five seasons Last five seasons individually 1981/ 1985 1986/ 1990 1991/ 1995 1996/ 2000 2001/ 2005
 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Lautoka Plt 5904 4007 3634 2944 1042 850 507 1009 888 684 Rtn 18108 19743 20580 19701 19730 16275 15869 14258 13573 13096 Total 24012 23750 24214 22645 20772 17125 16376 15267 14461 13780 Rarawai Plt 4463 3574 2899 3164 1055 1651 975 894 1038 1078 Rtn 13836 14805 17360 14613 17585 15476 15916 14828 14102 12441 Total 18299 18379 20259 17777 18640 17127 16891 15722 15140 13519 Labasa Plt 2365 2512 3120 2597 1269 1341 797 1366 990 1086 Rtn 16306 17181 19604 18348 15911 15169 13839 14149 14150 12888 Total 18671 19693 22724 20945 17180 16510 14636 15515 15140 13974 Penang Plt 1697 1396 1386 1120 542 457 411 334 272 220 Rtn 4036 5029 4958 4674 4568 4218 4244 4069 3990 3434 Total 5733 6425 6344 5794 5110 4675 4655 4403 4262 3654 All mills Plt 14429 11489 11039 9825 3908 4298 2690 3603 3188 3067 Rtn 52286 56758 62502 57336 57794 51140 49868 47304 45815 41860 Total 66715 68247 73541 67161 61702 55438 52558 50907 49003 44927 Appendix 7 : Tonnes of cane harvested Mills Average for period of five seasons Last five seasons individually 1981/ 1985 1986/ 1990 1991/ 1995 1996/ 2000 2001/ 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Lautoka 1254266 1048942 1283569 1216597 971454 1051097 741231 770569 726046 527663 Rarawai 984244 1006366 1017374 957507 878509 1039474 738478 732165 659351 522114 Labasa 980634 1015166 1166055 1017061 840388 871031 769138 604314 679584 554575 Penang 310406 332592 291206 309205 239044 264498 229844 214572 181650 175701 All mills 3529550 3403066 3758204 3500370 2929395 3226100 2478691 2321620 2246631 1780053 Annual Report 2010 41 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Appendix 8 : Tonnes of cane per hectare harvested Mills Average for period of five seasons Last five seasons individually 1981/ 1985 1986/ 1990 1991/ 1995 1996/ 2000 2001/ 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Lautoka Plt Rtn Total Rarawai Plt Labasa Penang All Mills Rtn Total Plt Rtn Total Plt Rtn Total Plt Rtn Total 61.7 48.0 51.4 65.1 51.3 53.3 63.9 50.8 52.5 63.3 50.5 54.3 63.5 49.5
Appendix 9 : Hectares harvested in relation to registered area and cultivated area (ha) Mills 2010 hectares (A) Hectares harvested as % of various categories "A" Registered (1) Cultivated (2) Harvested (1) (2) Lautoka Rarawai Labasa Penang Total 25155 22139 18979 8897 75170 15229 15040 15922 5709 51900 13780 13519 13974 3654 44927 57.8 60.1 73.6 41 60 Appendix 10 : Plant cane harvested as percentage of total area harvested Mills Average for period of five seasons Last five seasons individually 58.2 37.2 38.3 48.8 37.7 38.6 50.6 38.7 39.7 55.0 47.6 48.1 52.0 38.7 39.6 90.5 90 87.6 64 86.6 1986/ 1990 1991/ 1995 1996/0 0 2001/0 5 17 19 13 22 17 15 14 14 23 16 13 18 12 19 15 5 6 7 11 7 Lautoka Rarawai Labasa Penang All mills Annual Report Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Appendix 11: Plant and ratoon yields and percentage of total area harvested - 2010 Crop Mills Plant First ratoon Other ratoons All cane tc/ha % Area tc/ha % Area tc/ha % Area tc/ha % Area Lautoka Rarawai Labasa Penang All Mills Appendix 12 : Seasonal %POCS in cane Mills Rough average for period of five seasons Last
 five seasons individually 1981/85 1986/90 1991/95 1996/00 2001/05 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Lautoka Rarawai Labasa Penang All Mill Avg.
NA 9.6 11.5 11.4 10.4 11.0 10.8 10.0 11.9 11.9 11.5 10.5 NA 10.6 11.7 11.3 11.2 10.7 10.9 Annual Report 2010 43 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Appendix 13: Weekly POCS in cane 2010 season Week no.
Week ending Lautoka Rarawai Labasa Penang 07-Jun-2010 14-Jun-2010 21-Jun-2010 28-Jun-2010 05-Jul-2010 12-Jul-2010 19-Jul-2010 26-Jul-2010 02-Aug-2010 09-Aug-2010 16-Aug-2010 23-Aug-2010 30-Aug-2010 06-Sep-2010 13-Sep-2010 20-Sep-2010 27-Sep-2010 04-Oct-2010 11-Oct-2010 18-Oct-2010 25-Oct-2010 01-Nov-2010 08-Nov-2010 15-Nov-2010 22-Nov-2010 29-Nov-2010 6-Dec-2010 13-Dec-2010 20-Dec-2010 27-Dec-2010 03-Jan-2010 10-Jan-2010 17-Jan- Season Average Annual Report 2010 44 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Appendix 14 : Sugar produced (tonnes 94 N.T.
equivalent) from area harvested Mills Tonnes sugar 94 N.T equivalent Lautoka Rarawai Labasa Penang All mills Appendix 15 : Sugar per hectare harvested (tonnes 94 N.T equivalent) Mills Average for period of five seasons Last five seasons individually 1981/ 1985 1986/ 1990 1991/ 1995 1996/ 2000 2001/ 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Lautoka Rarawai Labasa Penang Average Appendix 16 : Length of season (weeks) - Start and finish of crushing (date) Mills Rough average for period of five seasons Last five seasons individually 1981/ 1985 1986/ 1990 991/ 1995 Lautoka 29.3 28.8 28.0 1996/ 2000 29.7 2001/ 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 27.6 32.4 24.0 23.9 31.4 23.3 05 Jun 07 Jun 10 Jun 22 Jun 24 Jun 11 Jan 18 Nov 21 Nov 25 Jan 4 Dec Rarawai 26.4 26.2 25.3 26.5 24.2 30.8 23.8 25.7 31.5 28.0 Labasa 27.9 26.6 29.4 30.7 24.1 29.0 29.1 26.0 25.6 28.1 31 May 18 Jun 23 Jun 03 Jul 28 Jun 01 Jan 18 Nov 15 Dec 03 Feb 11 Jan 06 Jun 06 Jun 30 Jun 09 Jun 22 Jun 25 Dec 25 Dec 22 Dec 18 Dec 29 Dec Penang 28.1 25.5 21.5 26.2 20.4 21.4 22.1 22.2 22.4 24.6 20 Jun 06 Jun 11 Jun 19 May 6 Jun 16 Nov 06 Nov 13 Nov 22 Oct 20 Nov All mills 28.4 26.8 26.1 28.2 24.1 28.4 24.8 24.5 28.3 23.3 Annual Report 2010 45 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Appendix 17 : Varieties Percent of hectares harvested Lautoka Rarawai Labasa Penang All Mills Varieties 2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.8 0.3 0.7 20.3 19.6 8.2 7.7 - - - 12.7 13.1 0.4 Ragnar Waya Mali Homer Spartan Galoa Aiwa Kuiva Yasawa Vomo Mana LF 91 - 1925 Kaba Vatu Beqa Naidiri Exp.
Other var.
- - - - 0.1 0.6 - - - 94.2 0.3 2.2 - - 1.8 - 0.2 - - 0.1 0.4 0.1 94 0.4 2.6 - 0.1 1.5 - - - - - 0.1 - - - 0.2 3.4 - - 1.5 - - 0.1 - - 4.9 - - 6.4 2.6 4.1 1.9 0.3 0.2 - 0.4 - - - - - - - 5.3 2.3 3.3 - - 1.5 0.3 - - - - - 5.9 0.3 - - - 0.1 0.1 0.3 6.2 0.3 - - - 0.1 - - - 1.4 0.2 93.5 91.8 - 94.6 94.5 70.6 64.1 20.7 19.4 0.3 0.2 1.7 28.5 31.3 - - 0.4 0.3 0.3 2.5 0.6 - 0.6 0.1 - 4.2 - - 0.6 - - 4 - 0.3 0.2 1.6 5.2 0.1 9.0 - 0.8 0.6 2.4 6.0 0.1 11.1 0.4 Appendix 18: Area planted in hectares as % of registered and cultivated areas Hectares planted 2009 2010 Hectares planted as % of registered area 2009 2010 Hectares planted as % of cultivated area Lautoka Rarawai Labasa Penang Total Annual Report 2010 46 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Appendix 19: Planting of varieties as percentage of total area planted over three years Varieties Ragnar Waya Mana Galoa Vatu Mali Aiwa Beqa Kaba Naidiri Homer Kiuva LF91-1925 Other Varieties Year Lautoka Rarawai Labasa Penang All mills 0.4 6.3 0.4 - - - 93.5 80.2 85.3 0.1 - 0.06 - 0.2 - - - - 0.5 0.4 0.34 0.1 0.3 0.02 2.7 0.1 2.5 2.2 1.9 1.36 - - - - 1.3 0.03 0.3 1.7 0.27 - 1.0 0.23 0.1 - 0.3 - 0.4 0.6 91.2 91.4 83.2 - - - - - - - - 0.05 - - 0.1 - - - 5.4 5.7 4.1 2.1 1.3 1.2 - - - - - - 0.4 - 0.02 0.8 1.2 0.2 8.4 10.4 16.6 7.1 9.3 7.0 - - - 7.7 5.1 5.4 7.6 7.7 17.6 9.8 13.8 11.8 0.4 2.0 0.3 - - 0.2 0.3 - 0.2 57.7 50.1 27 - - - - - - - 1.0 1.3 0.9 0.6 0.5 - - 0.1 - - - 94.4 98.7 61.8 - - - - - - 0.9 0.3 0.3 - - - - - - - - 0.5 4.4 - 3.4 - - - - - - - - - 0.2 1.0 0.1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Annual Report 2010 47 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Appendix 20 : Cane transport
 in Fiji (tonnes of cane harvested and actual method of delivery) Mills Year Delivered portable line Winch trailer or lorry to mainline Lorry direct to mill carrier Total Tonnes % of Tonnes % of Tonnes % of Total Total Total Tonnes % of Total Lautoka 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Rarawai 2005 Labasa Penang All mills Annual Report 2010 48 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Appendix 21: Percentage burnt cane of total tonnes crushed Year Lautoka Rarawai Labasa Penang Average 14.9 8.7 18.7 10.7 17.0 24.9 18.2 12.9 17.7 19.1 14.9
Annual Report 2010 49 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Approved Varieties The list of sugarcane varieties approved for planting during 2010 has been revised to include maturity trend.
Varieties that are no longer planted have been removed from the approved varieties list.

The varieties are recommended to growers on their soil type.

The growers have a choice of at least three varieties to plant on their farms as laid down in the Master Award.
Lautoka Sectors Olosara Cuvu Lomawai Yako Nawaicoba Malolo Qeleloa Meigunyah Legalega Natova Soil types Rich alluvial soils Medium soils Poor soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Sandy soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Sandy soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Sandy soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Sandy soils Flat Fertile soil Medium soils Poor soils Rich alluvial soils Medium soils Poor soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Flat Fertile soils Varieties recommended on maturity trends Mid - Late Early - mid Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Aiwa, Beqa,Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Aiwa, Beqa,Naidiri, LF91-1925 Kaba, Mana LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Aiwa, Beqa,Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Aiwa, Beqa,Naidiri, LF91-1925 Kaba, Mana LF91-1925 Kaba, Mana LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Kaba, Mana LF91-1925 Kaba, Mana, Galoa LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Aiwa, Beqa,Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Aiwa, Beqa,Naidiri, LF91-1925 Kaba, Mana LF91-1925 Kaba, Mana, Galoa LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Kaba, Mana LF91-1925 Kaba, Mana, Galoa LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Kaba, Mana LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Kaba, Mana LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Kaba, Mana LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Kaba, Mana LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Annual Report 2010 50 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Medium soils Poor soils Sandy soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils
 Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Sandy soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Sandy soils Soil types Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Lautoka Saweni Lovu Drasa Rarawai Sectors Varoko Mota Naloto Koronubu Veisaru Rarawai Varavu Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 LF91-1925 LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 LF91-1925 LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 LF91-1925 LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva Kaba, Mana Kaba, Mana, Galoa Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva Kaba, Mana Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva Kaba, Mana Kaba, Mana, Galoa Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva Kaba, Mana Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva Kaba, Mana Kaba, Mana, Galoa Mid - Late Kaba, Mana Kaba, Mana Varieties Early - mid Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva LF91-1925 Aiwa,
 Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva Kaba, Mana Kaba, Mana Kaba, Mana Kaba, Mana Annual Report 2010 51 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Tagitagi Yaladro Drumasi Labasa Sectors Waiqele Wailevu Vunimoli Labasa Bucaisau Poor soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Saline areas Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Saline areas Soil types Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Saline soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Saline soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Saline soils Wainikoro Flat Fertile soils Daku Medium soils Poor soils Saline soils Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Kaba, Mana LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Mana, Kaba, Vatu Kaba, Mana LF91-1925 Naidiri, LF91-1925 Kaba, Mana, Galoa Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Mana, Kaba, Vatu LF91-1925 Naidiri, LF91-1925 Kaba, Mana Kaba, Mana, Galoa Kaba, Mana Kaba, Mali Kaba, Mali Mid - Late Kaba, Mali Galoa, Vatu Varieties Early - mid Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva Naidiri, LF91-1925 Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva Naidiri, LF91-1925 Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925
 Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva, Waya Naidiri, LF91-1925 Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva, Waya Naidiri, LF91-1925 Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva, Waya Naidiri, LF91-1925 Kaba, Waya, Mali Galoa, Vatu, Mali Kaba, Waya, Mali Galoa, Vatu, Mali Kaba, Mali Galoa, Vatu, Mali Kaba, Waya, Mali Annual Report 2010 52 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Natua Solove Bulivou Poor soils Poor soils Poor soils Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Mali Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Mali Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Mali Penang Sectors Nanuku Malau Ellington I & II Soil types Varieties Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Salt affected areas Viti Vanua area Rich alluvial soils Medium soils Poor soils Salt affected areas Flat Fertile soils Medium soils Poor soils Salt affected areas Mid - Late Early - mid Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva LF91-1925 Naidiri, LF91-1925 Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva, Mali LF91-1925 Naidiri, LF91-1925 Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Kiuva Kaba, Mana Galoa Mana, Kaba, Kiuva, Mali Kaba, Mana Galoa Aiwa, Beqa, Naidiri, LF91-1925 Ragnar, Kaba, Vatu, Kiuva,Mali LF91-1925 Naidiri, LF91-1925 Kaba, Mana Galoa Varieties released in the last decade Picture 1: Naidiri (2000) Picture 2: LF91-1925 (2006) Picture 3: Kiuva (2009) Annual Report 2010 53 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Financial Report 2010 i Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Financial Report 2010 1 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Financial Report 2010 2 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Financial Report 2010 3 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Financial Report 2010 4 Sugar
 Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Financial Report 2010 5 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Financial Report 2010 6 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Financial Report 2010 7 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Financial Report 2010 8 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Financial Report 2010 9 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Financial Report 2010 10 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Financial Report 2010 11 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Financial Report 2010 12 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Financial Report 2010 13 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Financial Report 2010 14 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Financial Report 2010 15 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Financial Report 2010 16 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Financial Report 2010 17 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Financial Report 2010 18 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Financial Report 2010 19 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Financial Report 2010 20 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Financial Report 2010 21 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Financial Report 2010 22 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Financial Report 2010 23 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Financial Report 2010 24 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Staff listing 2010 Name Jai Gawander Designation Name Designation Chief Executive Officer Mosese Turaga Rouger Sanjay Namal Prakash Finance & Admin Manager Naleen Krishna Lab Assistant Amit Raj Singh Scientific Officer Permal Samy Rouger Andreen Astika Kiran Technical Assistant/Grower Services Pushp Chand Research Hand Desmond Vinod Kumar Technical Officer/Grower Services Rahimat Ali Doreen Ram Senior Technical Assistant/Grower Services Raj Kumar Rouger MV Driver Jainesh Anish Ram Junior Technical Officer/Grower Services Raj Kumar D Field Worker Karuna Garan Technical Officer Raja Ram Maciu Talebulamaimaleya TFO Clerk Rajendra Prasad Muni Sangeeta Goundar Senior Technical Assistant Ram Kumar R.S Rouger
 Rouger Security Nalini Shartika Prasad Senior Technical Assistant/Grower Services Ramesh Chand Head Rouger Nemani Soli Sugubati Technical Officer/Grower Services Rohil Dutt Ram Nitika Natasha Pravashni Corporate Assistant Salendra Naidu Rouger Rouger Pedro Rounds Prema Nadan Naidu Rajendra Krishna Scientific Officer Sanmogam Gounder Field Worker Research Officer Sat Narayan Samy Ground Attendent Technical Officer Satendra Singh Head Rouger Renil Ritesh Kumar Senior Technical Assistant/Grower Services Semesa Narara Ronal Rajnil Kumar Junior Corporate Officer Serevi Nauvi Sada Sivan Swamy Technical Officer/Grower Services Shiu Nadan Saimone Sabakera Johnson Senior Scientific Officer Solomoni Tusasa Samuel Dyer Work Junior Technical Officer/Grower Services Subhas Chand Sanmogam Gounder Senior Technical Assistant/Grower Services Subram Naidu Shireen Shabrina Sattar Senior Technical Assistant/Grower Services Surendra Kumar Senior Technical Assistant/GIS Suresh Mani Jasneel Jay Singh Ajay Anand Prasad Aporosa Rasavulu Ashok Kumar Ashwin Prasad Aven Lal Avinesh Kumar Baskaran Pillay Chandra Segra Pillay Dhirendra Chand Rao Dinesh Dutt Ilimeleki Katuba Jai Ram Mudliar Surindar Singh Suruj Kumar.
Estate Sirdar/Headman Tarun Sami Vijay Datt Security Rouger Vijay Nand Sharma Head Rouger Kailas Kumar H. Kamal Nabi Field Worker Estate Driver Krishan Chandra Rouger Field Worker Security Field Worker Rouger Field Worker Rouger Field Worker Rouger Field Worker Rouger Field Worker Lachman Log Nadan Madho Office Attendent/Driver Manoj Datt Rouger Rouger Security Field Worker Head Rouger General Hand Rouger MV Driver Rouger Field Worker Head Rouger Esate Driver Rouger 25 Jonetani Talemaitoga Field Worker Financial Report 2010 Sugar Research Institute of Fiji SRIF Financial Report 2010 26