Source document: https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697740966334.pdf (Georgia)
Tbilisi 2016 Development Guidelines: Medium Migration Profile and Brief Migration Profile Secretariat of the State Commission on Migration Issues List of Acronyms AVRR BMP BSEC CRRC CSO EBRD EC EMP ETF EU EUI Eurostat FDI FRONTEX GDP GeoStat GINI HDI ICMPD IDP IOM ISET MIA MMP MoES MP MPL MRA NGO OSMDI OSMEAI PSDA SCMI THB UMAS UN DESA UNDP UNESCO UNFPA UNHCR USAID WG WGCC Assisted Voluntary Return and Reintegration Brief Migration Profile Black Sea Economic Cooperation Organization Caucasus Research Resource Centre Civil Society Organisation European Bank for Reconstruction and Development European Commission Extended Migration Profile European Training Foundation European Union European University Institute Statistical Office of the European Union Foreign Direct Investment European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union Gross Domestic Product National Statistics Office of Georgia Gini Index/Coefficient Human Development Index International Centre for Migration Policy Development Internally Displaced Person International Organization for Migration International School of Economics at Tbilisi State University Ministry of Internal Affairs Medium Migration Profile Ministry of Education and Science Migration Profile Migration Profile Light Ministry of Internally Displaced Persons from the Occupied Territories, Accommodation and Refugees of Georgia Non-Governmental Organisation Office of the State Minister of Georgia for Diaspora Issues Office of the State Minister of Georgia on European and Euro-Atlantic Integration Public Service Development Agency State Commission on Migration Issues Trafficking in Human Beings Unified Migration Analytical System United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs United Nations Development Programme United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization United Nations Population Fund United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees United States Agency for International Development Working Group Working Group on Combating Crime 1 Acknowledgments In the process of elaboration of Development Guidelines: Medium Migration Profile and Brief Migration Profile the assistance provided by the ICMPD ENIGMMA project and specifically its Analytical Unit was especially instrumental.
2 Contents List of Acronyms ....................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 4 Developing MMP and BMP: Major Steps ................................................................................ 6 Development of MMP and BMP as an inclusive Process .................................................... 6 MMP Development Process and Time Frame ..................................................................... 7 BMP Development Process and Time Frame....................................................................... 8 MMP Structure .................................................................................................................... 10 Executive Summary ......................................................................................................... 10 General Country Information ......................................................................................... 10 PART A. Migratory Trends ............................................................................................. 10 PART B.
Impact of Migration ......................................................................................... 14 PART C. Migration Governance ..................................................................................... 17 PART D. Key Findings and Recommendations ............................................................. 18 BMP Structure ..................................................................................................................... 18 Data Collection, Analysis and Presentation ....................................................................... 19 Data Collection ................................................................................................................. 19 Analysis ............................................................................................................................ 21 MMP and BMP Layout and Dissemination ....................................................................... 22 Annex 1.
Structure of Georgian MMP ............................................................................... 25 Annex 2.

Examples of Data Request Form Templates Developed for the 2015 Migration Profile of Georgia ................................................................................................................. 27 Annex 3.
Disaggregation, Raw Numbers, and Percentages .............................................. 30 3 Introduction The main goal of a Migration Profile (MP) document is to contribute to evidence-based migration policy development, analysis, and management in the countries affected by migratory processes.
As a policy tool, an MP was initially promoted in 2005 by the European Commission (EC)1 with the aim of improving migration management and the fight against irregular migration in the Black Sea region and the former Soviet Union countries.
Today, several formats of Migration Profiles exist2 – some of them are more widely used and adopted by countries in the Balkans, Western and Central Africa and Latin America, while some of them were single exercises developed in terms of specific projects that turned out to be short-lived.

Development of Migration Profile documents has been one of the major objectives of the Prague Process,3 which not only elaborated its format but assisted interested countries in the MP development process.
Two Migration Profile formats have been developed in the frame of the Prague Process: Extended Migration Profile (EMP) and Migration Profile Light (MPL).

The Extended Migration Profile format4 elaborated in 2010 by the EC, as the name itself suggests, focuses on presentation of extensive raw data both in the field of migration and that of general country statistics, such as economic development data, healthcare expenditure and so on, which is not always accompanied by in-depth analysis.
EMP also pays extensive attention to the analysis of legal and policy migration frameworks.

In Georgia the first EMP was developed in 2011 as part of the “Building Migration Partnership” initiative (funded through the EC) implemented by ICMPD, while the 2013 EMP was already developed by the designated Georgian state institution – the Ministry of Internally Displaced Persons from the Occupied Territories, Accommodation and Refugees of Georgia (MRA).
In both cases, the EMPs were approved by the State Commission on Migration Issues of Georgia (SCMI).

Migration Profile Light was first developed by Germany, a Prague Process member state, in 2013.

It presents a concise picture of migratory processes in the country, 5 with particular attention to provision of not only raw data, but relevant analysis as well.

Being 1 International Organization for Migration, What are Migration Profiles, https://www.iom.int/migration-profiles.

Accessed January, 20, 2016.


2 Migration Profile formats developed by the European University Institute projects and Focus Migration Country Profiles are not discussed in detail since they provide only a rather brief overview of the migration statistics and/or legislative and policy frameworks.
3 As stated in the ICMPD Prague Process i-Map, “the Prague Process is a targeted migration dialogue policy process promoting migration partnerships among the countries of the European Union, Schengen Area, Eastern Partnership, Western Balkans, Central Asia, Russia and Turkey (50 participating states)”, http://www.icmpd.org/Prague-Process.1557.0.html, https://pragueprocess.eu/en/prague-process.

Accessed January, 22, 2016.


4 Examples of Extended Migration Profiles elaborated in the frame of the Prague Process can be found here: http://www.imap- migration.org/index.php?id=37.

Accessed January, 20, 2016.

5 An example of a Migration Profile Light elaborated in the frame of the Prague Process can be found here: http://www.imap-migration.org/fileadmin/PPP/PPTI_Migration_Profile_Light_Germany_EN.pdf.

Accessed January, 18, 2016.


4 much shorter than EMP, MPL mainly focuses only on the type of migratory areas that are considered to be more relevant in the respective migratory context.

This on the one hand contributes to the document being succinct, but on the other eaves certain areas of the migration process without in-depth analysis.
However, for Germany, which produces alongside it comprehensive annual migration reports, the goal of the MPL is precisely to focus on a concise presentation of targeted migration areas rather than analysis of all migration-related fields.
To promote MPL, the Prague Process elaborated MPL development guidelines that provide useful advice to countries interested in putting MPL into practice.6 IOM‟s Migration Profile7 is another example of a format that presents migration-related data complimented with sound analysis that also focuses heavily on the examination of the migration policy framework of the countries and institutions involved in migration management.
At the same time, unlike Prague Process MPs, which are based on active participation and the creation of a sense of ownership among the respective countries, IOM MPs are often undertaken as an exercise implemented by IOM-led researchers, where member states of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation Organization (BSEC) as well as the BSEC‟s Working Group on Combating Crime (WGCC) provide feedback and MPs are approved by the WGCC.
It was precisely in the frame of the “Black Sea Consultative Process on Migration Management” project that in 2008 the first Migration Profile was developed in Georgia by IOM.8 For a long time it served as one of the trusted sources of migration-related data on the country.
Similar to the Prague Process, IOM also developed guidelines to contribute to the development of Migration Profiles based on a similar approach and methodology.9 The 2015 Migration Profile of Georgia builds on the existing Migration Profile development experience and attempts to further advance it.
Hence, the goal of the 2015 Migration Profile of Georgia is not only to present an all-inclusive picture of migratory processes and trends in the country covering a period from 2010 until 2015, but to pilot a new format – that of the Medium Migration Profile (MMP).

The structure of MMP enables detailed yet succinct presentation of the state of migratory processes in the country and their interrelations with policy and development.
At the same time, the 6 The Prague Process, Migration Profile Light: Production Guidelines 2013, 2013, https://www.pragueprocess.eu/fileadmin/PPP/Migration_Profile_Light_Manual_2013.pdf.

Accessed January, 22, 2016.
7 According to the International Organization for Migration, the first Migration Profiles for South-Eastern European countries were created by IOM “partly in reaction to the EU Council Conclusions of June 2007 on Extending and Enhancing the Global Approach to Migration, based on the Commission Communications of May 2007 on applying the Global Approach to Migration in the Eastern and South-Eastern regions neighbouring the European Union and on circular migration and mobility partnerships, which particularly calls for drawing up country-specific profiles”.
See: http://publications.iom.int/books/former-yugoslav-republic-macedonia-migration-profile-2007.

Accessed February, 4, 2016.

8 International Organization for Migration, Migration in Georgia: A Country Profile 2008, 2008, http://publications.iom.int/books/migration-georgia-country-profile-2008.

Accessed February, 29, 2016.

9 International Organization for Migration, Migration Profiles.
Making the Most of the Process, 2011, http://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/migrationprofileguide2012_1oct2012.pdf.

Accessed February, 29, 2016, 5 MMP format also provides flexibility to account for varying migratory contexts when utilised by countries with different migratory experiences.

The MMP format differs in many ways from the three Migration Profile formats discussed above.
The major distinction is the focus on balanced presentation of both data and analysis, with a particular emphasis on examination of the impact of both immigration and emigration on various aspects of the country‟s development.

Hence, MMP presents less raw data, tries to explain the data more, and presents findings in a user-friendly manner.
Additionally, the MMP document is complemented by editions of the follow-up Brief Migration Profile (BMP) (two per year) devoted to the main migratory trends identified in the MMP.

The BMPs are based on the MMP document, but are flexible enough to incorporate in the analysis any new developments in the fields of migration.
Through presenting migration data using various visualisations it achieves a two-fold goal: firstly it makes migration-related data and analysis easily understandable for the general public; and secondly it contributes to promotion of MMP among the interested public.

The present Guidelines have been elaborated to assist countries in development of Medium Migration Profiles as well as follow-up Brief Migration Profiles.
Hence, it first covers all major steps in MMP and BMP development, and then focuses on specific areas which need to be taken into account while working in each of the MP formats, tackles problematic areas and provides solution approaches.
The present Guidelines have been elaborated based on lessons learnt during the process of developing the 2015 Migration Profile of Georgia and the Brief Migration Profile, and aims at provision of advice and directions to research teams involved in the MP development and elaboration processes.
At the same time, while largely based on the Georgian context, the Guidelines take a broad view and focus on those challenges that may be common to countries similar to Georgia which are facing scarcity of migration statistics in general, and/or difficulty accounting for migration flows and stocks in particular.
Developing MMP and BMP: Major Steps Development of MMP and BMP as an inclusive Process Due to the character of the exercise, before embarking on an account of the MMP and BMP development processes, it is important to recognise how crucial it is to ensure that all relevant state and non-state institutions, and specifically relevant Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) and academic representatives, involved in migration data collection and analysis, migration management and policy development are involved at all stages of MMP and BMP development.
An inclusive process not only ensures that MPs have support and commitment from all sides involved, but also builds a sense of ownership and 6 respect among stakeholders, making it possible for them to successfully lead the process themselves.
Stakeholders will work closely with an MP development team that has an in- depth knowledge of migration studies.10 The inclusion process can be facilitated in several ways, depending on the number of stakeholders which need to be involved in the process – if their number is around 15-20, forming a Working Group (WG) may be an option.

The WG could gather regularly (e.g.


once/twice a month), or on demand, to provide updates on the process, discuss progress achieved and clarify data or data interpretation issues.

If the number of stakeholders is more than 20, to ensure effective inclusion it is recommended to hold targeted sessions with relevant stakeholders rather than invite all stakeholders to each meeting.

At the same time, it is important to ensure that all stakeholders are accurately and timely updated on the process.
WG meetings could be complemented with regular (e.g.

once/twice a month) electronic (via mailing lists, Skype calls, etc.)

distribution of updates on the process, as well as individual meetings with relevant stakeholders to discuss particular aspects of the MP development process, be it concerning data collection or analysis.

How could inclusion of stakeholders be beneficial?


First of all, stakeholders are instrumental in assisting the MP team in defining the list of relevant/type of data and data sources; secondly, stakeholders are instrumental in providing the MP team with the correct data that fall within their competences; and thirdly, stakeholders‟ input is crucial at the stage of data analysis and interpretation, to check for biases and suggest new lines of analysis.
This ensures that MPs not only contain all the relevant data, but that interpretation is well-grounded and void of inaccuracies as much as possible.

Importantly, as noted above, an inclusive process reinforces the sense of ownership of all the stakeholders involved in MP development.

Hence, building effective cooperation with stakeholders is one of the first benchmarks that the MP team has to achieve in order to ensure that the MP development process successfully reaches its goal.
MMP Development Process and Time Frame MMP development is a quite time-consuming and lengthy process that needs to be planned well ahead.

At the same time, it should be viewed more as a cyclical process, rather than a linear one.
The whole MMP development cycle may proceed at a faster pace and less than 6 months if:  The institutional context of the respective country is clearly defined;  There is previous experience of MMP development; 10 In the process of developing the 2015 Georgia MMP within the Secretariat of the State Commission on Migration Issues of Georgia three full-time researchers (in social sciences, law, and security studies/IR) worked full-time on the development of the document, benefiting from input from WG members.
7  The structure and data sources are already defined;  Relevant data are easily accessible and in a format that enables statistical analysis.11 If, however, all the stages of the MMP development process need to be defined and agreed both within the MMP team and with stakeholders, the whole cycle will require at least a year.

Figure 1 presents each stage of the MMP development process and the approximate time frame that each stage requires.
In setting the time frame, it is important to bear in mind the allocation of slightly more time for each stage, since, especially if it is the first time an MPP is being executed, unexpected constraints may arise which slow the process.

Note: All these stages are interconnected and depend on successful implementation of each other.
For instance, the defined structure (Stage 1) may undergo changes as a result of the finalisation of data collection and preliminary analysis (Stage 2), or at a later stage, after the revisions (Stages 3 and 4).

Figure 1.
MMP development process and time frame •Defining the structure •Defining data sources and data types •Development of data request form templates •First round of data collection •Preliminary analysis •Data cleaning/checking • Second round of data collection Stage 1 (January- May) Stage 2 (May-June) Stage 4 (Septembe r- December) Stage 3 (June- September ) •Final version •Formatting/layout •MMP approval •First draft version •Revisions •Second draft version •Feedback from WG members MMP approval procedures differ in each country, and hence, time allocated for this stage will also be country-specific.12 BMP Development Process and Time Frame The BMP development process starts after the MMP is approved.
Selection of topics for BMP is connected to the results of desk research aimed at identification of new 11 In the case of Georgia‟s MMP, the whole process took approximately 11 months and contained all four stages.
12 In the case of Georgia, where the MMP is approved by the State Commission on Migration Issues, the approval process took approximately one month (dissemination of the final draft of the profile among SCMI member entities, revision based on comments/suggestions received, setting SCMI sitting and approval).
8 developments/data in the MMP‟s major directions.13 Since BMP represents a new type of document, its structure will need to be developed by the MP team in collaboration with the WG members, and at least a 6-month period will be needed for the whole process.

This, however, might not always require full-time work, but due to the necessity of collecting and analysing data on one topic alone and producing a relatively small document, the process is not as time-consuming and lengthy as developing an MMP.
At the same time, since the BMP envisages having digital design/info-graphic work, this should also be taken into consideration during the planning process.

Figure 2 presents each stage of the BMP development process with the respective time frame for each stage.

As in the case of the time frame for development of the MMP, it is recommended to allocate slightly more time to each stage in order to account for unexpected hindrances which may slow the process down.

Figure 2.
BMP development process and time frame •Defining the structure •Defining data sources and data types •Development of data request form templates •Data collection •Preliminary analysis •Data cleaning/checking and second round of data collection Stage 1 (1-2 months) Stage 2 (1-2 months) Stage 4 (1-2 months) Stage 3 (1-2 months) •Final version •Digital design/infographics •BMP approval •First draft •Revisions •Start of digital design/infographic work Similar to MMP approval procedures, BMP approval procedures will differ depending on the context of the respective countries, and hence the amount of time allocated for this stage will need to be defined by the MP team accordingly.
Note: In both MMP and BMP it is recommended to have a division of tasks among the MP team so that every member is responsible for a specific task, with one MP team member taking supervisory leadership in order to coordinate the work.

Internal meetings to share progress and effectively tackle problems are to be held regularly.
13 For example, in the Georgian case, one of the topics for the BMP was chosen based on the necessity to analyse interconnections between migration and demographic developments in the light of the results of 2014 Census that were not available at the time of the MMP‟s development.
A second topic was chosen based on acknowledgment of the input that immigrants and, specifically, educational immigrants are bringing into the educational system of Georgia from a financial point of view and their contribution to the improvement of the quality and competitiveness of educational programmes.
9 MMP Structure The structure of MMP, presented below, covers all the major aspects of the migratory processes, including emigration, immigration, return migration, internal migration, the impact of migration on demographic and socio-economic development of the country, and legislative and policy frameworks.

Clearly, based on the migratory profile of a specific country, it is important to adjust the structure as needed through adding/removing respective sub-chapters.
For example, in a country that does not have internally displaced persons (IDPs) or ecologically induced internal migrants, these sections will not be relevant.

On the other hand, for an immigration country with little emigration, it is logical to devote more space and resources to immigration-related issues, since it is precisely immigration that characterises the state of migration in the country.
The goals and areas that each part of the MMP covers are briefly outlined below.14 Executive Summary The Executive Summary can be considered one of the most important parts of the MMP, since it presents to the reader a summary of major findings uncovered as a result of the analysis.
The goal of the Executive Summary is to highlight the major points so that a reader who may not read the whole document has a clear idea about the migratory situation in the country, in which direction migration policy is going and to what extent the country‟s migration management is effective.

General Country Information The goal of this section is to provide a snapshot picture of the country‟s vital statistics.
It could consist of a country map and/or the flag of the country, followed by a table containing data on total area, GDP, population and the natural growth rate, among others.

The content of the table should be adjusted based on the specific context of each country.
PART A. Migratory Trends The goal of this part is to present the most comprehensive picture of migratory movements in the country during a certain period of time – be it a period of five or ten years – as defined and agreed by the MMP team and the stakeholders involved.

The part consists of the following sections: Background, Emigration, Immigration, Return Migration, Internal Migration and Trafficking in Human Beings.

A1.
A1.

Background The Background section covers the major socio-economic and cultural aspects of the respective country that may serve as determinants of migration.

For example, scarcity of 14 A table of the MMP structure with relevant data sources and data types is presented in Annex 1.
10 jobs, unemployment or underemployment may contribute to emigration of the working- age population, and on the contrary, good educational or employment opportunities or a generous asylum system may contribute to immigration.

The Background section therefore focuses on factors that may either encourage or discourage migratory processes.

It is recommended to keep this section brief – approximately 2-3 pages long.
Longer tables (if necessary) should be placed in the Annex, while focusing on the identification of the main determinants that influence migratory flows.

Possible indicators: Employment/unemployment data; poverty indicators; GINI index; HDI index; GDP size; GDP expenditure on healthcare and education; demographic indicators (such as life expectancy and natural growth rate).

A2.

Emigration and A3.


Immigration The Emigration and Immigration sections of the MMP are structured in the same way: they first present an overview of emigration/immigration, then an overview of emigrants/immigrants, followed by overviews of international protection 15 issues and regular and irregular emigration/immigration (See Box 1).

Box 1.

Emigration and Immigration Chapters of the 2015 Migration Profile of Georgia A2.
Emigration Overview of Emigration Overview of Emigrants Regular emigration International protection Irregular migration by Georgian emigrants A3.
Immigration Overview of Immigration Overview of Immigrants International protection Immigrants in irregular state In these sections it is important not only to provide all relevant data in order to carefully reconstruct the migratory patterns of emigrants, immigrants and asylum seekers/refugees but also to identify major types of migrant groups, countries of destination/origin and modes of their stay in the countries of destinations.
Hence, various types of emigrants and immigrants need to be discussed – educational, work, family reunification, business and so on, as well as immigrant/emigrant groups in a regular or irregular state.

Often, data from several sources may be needed to create a more complete picture of a certain group.
For example, in the cases of the Georgian MMP and BMP, when analysing a group of educational immigrants, we collected data both from the Public Service 15 In the case of Georgia‟s 2015 MMP, international protection was incorporated into the Emigration (international protection of Georgian citizens abroad) and Immigration (international protection of foreign citizens in Georgia) sub-sections.
However, based on the context of the respective country, it could be decided to devote a separate sub-section to aspects of international protection.

11 Development Agency (PSDA), which is responsible for issuance of educational residence permits, and from the Ministry of Education and Science (MoES), responsible for gathering student data from the universities.
In this respect, we were not only able to juxtapose the data from two different sources, but also get an idea where immigrant students are concentrated geographically and which universities and programmes attract them most.

In the case of the Georgian MMP, major challenges encountered while working on these sections were related to difficulty in obtaining (or simply the non-existence of) reliable data, especially in the case of emigration stocks and flows.
In such cases estimations made by the relevant local and international organisations were used.

At the same time this challenge was incorporated into the Key Findings and Recommendations part of the document as one of the gaps that needs to be addressed.
Possible indicators: Number of emigrants and immigrants by country of origin/destination and country of birth/citizenship; residence permit application/approval statistics by type and country of origin/gender/age; asylum application/approval statistics by type and country of origin/destination/age; statistics on illegal border crossings/detentions/expulsions and apprehensions, by country of origin/gender/age when possible.

A4.
A4.

Return Migration The Return Migration section aims at presenting data on returnees, including voluntary, forced return and repatriation.

It is important to focus on the reasons that facilitate the return, what is the gender and age composition of returnees, from which countries they return and to what extent the return is sustainable.
Clearly, the number of returnees is to be connected with the existing reintegration possibilities in the country, and the skills acquisition and transfer discussed in detail in Part B.
However, since not many countries – including Georgia – have a designated state or non- governmental body (apart from the MRA and MIA, which collect data on return migrants with irregular status) that systematically collects return migration data, it may become problematic to achieve a comprehensive picture of return migration to the country.
In this case it is important to map all local and international stakeholders involved in return migration processes and request data from each of them in order to further consolidate this during the analysis process.

Migration research data collected by independent researchers or academia serve as another source of data.

Data on the number of beneficiaries of state or private reintegration programmes can also serve as an important reference point.
12 Possible indicators: Readmission statistics by country of origin/gender/age; deportation statistics by country of origin/gender/age/reason for deportation; IOM Assisted Voluntary Return and Reintegration (AVRR) programme statistics; return migrant reintegration centre statistics of beneficiaries by country of return/gender/age/type of assistance provided; returnees‟ socio-economic profile.

A5.
A5.

Internal Migration The goal of the Internal Migration section is to cover all aspects of internal movement within the country.

Unlike forced migration caused by conflicts or natural disasters, which may not be characteristic for all countries, there is a high probability that various types of voluntary internal migration are observed in most countries.
Thus, in this section it is important to try to identify trends in migratory movements, which might indicate – among others trends – possible depopulation of certain areas, and, overpopulation of others; or ruralisation vs. urbanisation.

Internal migration data disaggregated by socio- demographic characteristics shed light on the composition of internal migrant flows.
Indeed, precisely because of this, these findings call for respective policy implications that need to be clearly presented in the Key Findings section of the MMP.

In the case of the Georgian MMP, data on both internally displaced persons and ecomigrants – not only their absolute numbers, but their origins of displacement, their current resettlement, and their age and gender – were included (See Box 2).

Box 2.

Internal Migration Chapter of the 2015 Migration Profile of Georgia A5.
Internal Migration Internally Displaced Persons Ecological Migrants Rural-Urban-Rural Migration The impact of these two groups of internal migrants on the social and economic fabric of the country was further discussed in Part B of the document.

Possible indicators: Local housing registration statistics by region/gender/age; dynamics of IDPs/ecomigrants/other categories of internal migrants by socio-demographic and geographic dimensions.

A6.
A6.

Trafficking in Human Beings Trafficking in Human Beings (THB) is important to address in the MMP, especially in the light of the fight that countries take on against human trafficking.
Although, as in the Georgian case, it may be the case that even though the number of trafficking cases might not be high, their analysis still provides important insights into the directions of 13 trafficking routes, and a better understanding of the ways in which the country is involved in THB – whether it is a destination, transit or source country; while looking at the gender and age of trafficking victims identifies vulnerable groups that are more likely to become victims of trafficking, be it for sexual or labour purposes.
Possible indicators: International trafficking statistics, including United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Countering Trafficking in Persons statistics; local designated agency trafficking data; local law enforcement agency counter-trafficking statistics; victims of trafficking assistance data provided by local and international organisations.

PART B.
PART B.

Impact of Migration The goal of this part of the MMP is to look more in depth at how migratory processes affect the social and economic life of the country.

Clearly this requires the collection of data on economic development, and specifically, involvement of foreigners in the labour market, remittances, economic activity of foreigners, foreigner integration and reintegration of returning citizens (See Box 3).

Box 3.

Impact of Migration Chapter of the 2015 Migration Profile of Georgia B1.
Demographic Dimension B2.

Economic Dimension Remittances Economic impact of immigration Diaspora engagement Skills development and knowledge networks B3.

Social Dimension – Integration Reintegration of returning Georgian citizens Integration of foreigners Integration of persons granted protection Integration of internal migrants Unlike Part A, Part B aims at demonstrating interrelations between migration and economic development, as well as migration and demographic development.
Issues such as brain gain, brain drain, and skills transfer, diaspora engagement potential and practices, and utilisation of immigrants' economic potential should be covered in depth based on the context of the specific country.

B1.

Demographic Dimension The fact that migratory processes have an impact on the composition and size of a country‟s population does not need to be discussed.

What the impact in each particular case is, however, needs to be determined, and that is the goal of this section.
National census data are extremely important to analyse, not only in terms of absolute population numbers, but also in relation to the dynamics of certain population groups (gender, geographic dimension, age).

If, for example, the general trend shows a decline in 14 population, especially in the working-age population (with the natural growth rate remaining stable over time), this could be an indicators that emigration is on rise.
If among the working-age population a bigger decline is observed among female populations ceteris paribus, this could be an indicator that more females emigrate than males.

Exploring the further implications of this observation could be necessary in order to create policies to accommodate the needs of children and elderly persons left behind, or specialised reintegration programmes for female returnees.
This in turn may require an examination of labour market demands and the development of policies facilitating the importation of labour force.

If, on the contrary, the size of the population is increasing, it is important to examine what is responsible for the increase – natural growth, immigration, or return migration – and provide recommendations which are developed based on the findings.
Possible indicators: Data on vital population statistics including rates (for example, population statistics including regional, age, educational, and gender distribution of population, among others, as well as life expectancy, natural increase/mortality rates); secondary data of studies on future demographic trends and the possible economic and social implications.

B2.

Economic Dimension In the Economic Dimension section it is recommended that several areas are covered.
First of all, the economic impact of emigration in general, and the impact of remittances in particular should be addressed.

According to the context of the specific country, it may be required that greater attention be paid to analysis of inflow of remittances rather than outflow.

However, for some countries both areas might need to be covered in detail.

After looking at the volume of remittances (both inflows and outflows), it is important to analyse their impact on the micro and macro levels.
It is also important to undertake secondary data analysis and review the academic literature on this topic in order to present a balanced and well-grounded analysis.

Secondly, for immigrant-receiving countries, the economic impact of immigration needs to be addressed – while in destination countries immigration is often viewed as a problem rather than a source of economic development, as studies show, immigrants can play a positive role in stimulating economic development.
Immigrant entrepreneurship first of all refers to small- and medium-scale businesses and/or the revealing of self-employment opportunities that the local population has not always been aware of.

Besides simply investing financial capital, immigrants may bring innovation and new skills that, if properly harnessed, may have a long-lasting effect on economic development both on the local and national levels.
For this reason, it is important to identify the areas which attract most investment and provide analysis of the economic input of immigrants.

15 It is also important to undertake analysis of local labour markets in relation to both immigration and emigration.
Specifically, analysis of demand and employment spheres which attract immigrants/where immigrants are more often employed, and the impact of immigrant workers on wages and employment opportunities will provide useful information that could be instrumental in shaping labour market policies and regulations.
At the same time, the impact of emigration on the labour market is no less important since it could enable the establishing of linkages between labour shortages in specific jobs and the professional profiles of emigrants.

Thirdly, for countries with a sizeable diaspora, it is crucial to include in the MMP analysis of diaspora engagement specifically from the economic development angle.

This however could be a difficult assignment since it might be difficult to obtain relevant data.
However, even in this case, stimulating discussions and analysing case studies is important to highlight the existing and potential input that the diaspora has/might have in the country‟s development.

Finally, analysing how knowledge and new skills brought by returnees and immigrants is transferred in the local contexts is an important assignment to be undertaken in this section.

Here, again, data collection could be a problem, and in this respect social research data could be extremely valuable.
Even though the data may not be generalisable to the whole of returnees and immigrants, it indicates the areas and context where the transfer takes place or what barriers may be hindering it.
Possible indicators: Remittance statistics (inflows and outflows); Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) statistics; secondary data of studies analysing the impact of remittances; macro and micro economic indicators (employment, GDP, inflation, supply and demand in individual markets for goods and services, and specifically labour demand and supply, among others16); secondary data of studies analysing the impact of emigration and immigration on labour market developments; work and entrepreneurial residence permit statistics; immigrant entrepreneurism statistics (business registrations by immigrants, type of businesses opened by immigrants, the dynamics of taxes paid by immigrant entrepreneurs); diaspora statistics and socio-economic profile; diaspora investment statistics; secondary data of studies on skills and knowledge transfers of immigrants and returnees.
B3.

Social Dimension – Integration The Social Dimension section is focused on integration of foreigners, including persons granted protection, and reintegration of returnees.

While in the first case, especially when it comes to persons granted protection, the integration mechanisms are to a great extent 16 For more details, please consult the following article from the International Monetary Fund: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/basics/bigsmall.htm.

Accessed March, 7, 2016.


16 institutionalised, in the case of foreigners and returnees integration and reintegration activities can often be undertaken by the local/international non-governmental sector.

Thus, in the first stage of work on this section a mapping exercise should be performed in advance to identify all relevant actors, followed by data requests and analysis.

It is important to include socio-cultural aspects of immigrant integration in the analysis.
Addressing changes that immigrants bring to the socio-cultural environment of the receiving society is especially topical for countries with sizeable numbers of immigrants.

On the other hand, analysing the impact that emigrants and diaspora representatives have on societal and cultural norms is crucial for countries with relatively high rates of emigration and/or established diaspora groups abroad.
While in this case there may not be official statistical evidence available, results from academic studies on immigrant integration – undertaken using both qualitative and quantitative methodological approaches – could be extremely useful.
Possible indicators: Socio-economic profiles and regional distribution of internal migrants (displaced persons, rural-urban migration), returnees and immigrants (including persons under international protection); integration programme statistics (both state- and NGO- run); secondary data of internal migrant, immigrant, and returnee integration and socio- cultural impact studies.
PART C. Migration Governance This part summarises three spheres of the country‟s Migration Governance: migration policy, legislative frameworks and institutional frameworks.

It is recommended to keep this part brief, and rather than include descriptions in extensive detail provide a concise summary of the most important topics and directions.
This is especially true in cases when a report devoted to the analysis of migration governance in the country has already been developed, as was the case in the Georgian instance.17 C1.

Migration Policy Framework The Migration Policy Framework part of the MMP should cover all major areas related to the state of the country‟s migration policy and its development.
In the case of the Georgian MMP, such areas as strategic planning in the field of migration, document security, management of inflows and movement of foreigners, management of asylum, return and readmission, and migration statistics were highlighted.

Not all these areas might be relevant for each country; hence, it is recommended that the MP team in collaboration with the WG members decides the areas on which this section should focus.
17 For example, ICMPD‟s The State of Migration in Georgia report from 2015, http://www.enigmma.ge/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/ENIGMMA-State-of-Migration_Electronic_Version2.pdf.

Accessed December, 8, 2015.

17 C2.

Legislative Framework The goal of the Legislative Framework section is to identify the major legislative regulations that govern the field of migration in the country.
Each law or regulation is followed by a brief summary of its major goals and objectives, and target audience, including descriptions and explanations of any amendments.

It is also recommended to provide a list of laws regulating other areas of international migration as well as major international strategic documents and agreements.

C3.

Institutional Framework This section describes the institutional setting of migration governance in the country.
It is recommended to illustrate the links between the various state institutions involved in migration management so that they are easy to understand.

In the case of the Georgian MMP, this section describes the structure of the State Commission on Migration Issues and its functions.
PART D. Key Findings and Recommendations Part D is probably the most important part of the MMP since it presents the major findings in a succinct form, formulates major gaps identified as a result of the analysis, and develops recommendations on how to meet existing challenges.

It is important to present findings focusing on the identified trends and linkages rather than simply summarising what has already been discussed in earlier sections of the MMP.
Key findings should be coherent and logically connected with the analysis undertaken in the previous sections of the MMP.

One of the major goals of this part is to identify major gaps/challenges and develop recommendations for their mitigation.

While identifying gaps/challenges it is recommended to take a step back and look at the existing challenges with the aim of finding some common grounds that could be causing them rather than focusing on specific cases of the same structural problem.
Gaps/challenges should also be logically linked with the findings of the MMP.

While developing recommendations, it is important to ensure that they are specific, addressed to relevant stakeholders and achievable.

BMP Structure The structure of the BMP, unlike the MMP, is rather simple and consists of two parts: A statistics part covering the particular topic that has been chosen by the MP team in coordination with the WG members.
This part focuses on describing all relevant data without superfluous detail and with an emphasis on new developments that have been detected since the finalisation of the MMP.

For example, if the BMP is devoted to Migration and Demographic Change, the indicators analysed will be major demographic 18 statistics and decreases/increases in the population sizes or changes in their composition, which could be juxtaposed with the existing emigration and immigration data (both flows and stocks).
An impact part focuses on the interrelations between the various aspects of migration and demographic or socio-economic/cultural developments in the country.

In this part it is recommended to underline how migratory processes influence local contexts and vice versa.

Data Collection, Analysis and Presentation The success of MMP and BMP development is directly connected with the quality and availability of the relevant data that enables the MP team to undertake a reliable analysis.
Before starting the data collection process, several important decisions should be made by the MP team in coordination with the relevant stakeholders.

Data Collection First of all, the time period covered by the MMP and BMP should be agreed upon – lasting 5, 10 or 15 years.

The decision on the time period should first of all take into account the issue of data availability for the selected period.
In some cases, as a result of consultations with the stakeholders, it may become evident that data covering longer periods could be rather difficult to obtain, since a certain type of statistic may simply not have been collected before.

Another issue to be considered during the decision-making process is to what extent the topic has been covered in the previous MPs.
If, for example, the current MP takes on a topic that has never before been covered, and for which no background data can be found in previous MPs, it is recommended to use data for a longer period in order to present the most comprehensive picture.18 Note: During the preparation of consecutive MPs, rather than use the data used during the development of earlier MPs, it is recommended to request the data anew, since in some cases data providers may undertake database improvements and data cleanings, or change data collection methodologies, which may result in differences between the earlier and the newly requested data.
In such cases, it is recommended to use the newly requested data and explain the data differences accordingly.

Identifying sources is an exercise that also requires the active involvement of the stakeholders and academic representatives.

Desk research, and first of all, becoming familiar with the previous MPs developed in the country, as well as several MPs on other countries and relevant reports, will be instrumental in helping to shape potential data sources.
In some countries there may exist a unified database of migration-related data 18 In the case of the Georgian MMP, we covered the previous five years, although in some cases when the issue was being analysed for the first time (for instance, that of foreign students), we used data covering longer periods (in this case, 2004-2014).
19 which can provide the needed data in a timely manner, meaning that there may not be a need to identify sources at all.19 At the same time, it should be taken into account that the list of sources will be regularly updated/refined since new sources will be identified as a result of the working process.

Only credible data sources need be used.


Ownership criteria may be helpful in defining the credibility of data sources: for example, it could be borne in mind whether the data come from official government statistics, official international organisation statistics, university/research institution statistics/reports, reputable news sources or respected organisations with migration-related expertise (for example, the Migration Policy Centre).
Note: All the relevant data might not be collected regularly or be in the format that is needed for the MMP.

Data sources can be divided into two big groups – open and closed data courses.

Most of the time, data fall into the open access group, and so can be obtained from respective websites or publications.
In the second case, as a rule, official data requests need to be sent to the respective organisations and even in this case access to full databases may not be granted, with only aggregated data being provided instead.
The quality of the data needs to be checked – in the case of sociological surveys, the survey methodology should be consulted in order to understand how the sample was constructed, and to what extent the results can be generalised to a given population; and how questions were asked, or what was the non-response rate.

It may happen that a survey with important data for MMP and BMP has a flawed methodology.
One approach to this would be to totally disregard the data, another would be to still use it but do so cautiously, and for illustrative purposes only rather than as data from which major findings are later derived.

In the case of state institutions, one way to check the data quality is to meet with the individuals responsible for the data collection/analysis and find out how the data is actually collected, cleaned and checked for errors.
The issue of the representativeness is especially important in cases using social research data.

The question of to what extent the results accurately represent the surveyed population needs to be answered, and for that the methodology of the surveys needs to be checked.
If, after that, for instance, it becomes evident that the survey is not representative, we still can use the data, however, it is important to make it clear to the reader that these data cannot be regarded as representative of a certain population.

19 In Georgia, for example, in order to improve migration data collection opportunities, the Unified Migration Analytical System (UMAS) is planned to be launched in 2016.
The system will thereafter serve as an important source of migration-related data that could substantially decrease the amount of time allocated for the data collection stage.

20 The level of disaggregation of the data needs to be discussed and agreed upon at the beginning of MMP and BMP development.
For example, in the case of registration of immovable property by foreign nationals, to get a full picture not only disaggregation based on the country of citizenship of foreigners will be needed, but also disaggregation according to type of immovable property, region, and where the property was registered.

The gender composition of foreigners and their age could also be an important variable to add.
Similarly, in the case of foreign students, besides similar levels of disaggregation (country of citizenship, gender, and age) it is important to add such variables as name of university, educational programme and level of education (BA, MA or PhD).
It should be kept in mind that although a general level of disaggregation should be agreed upon, in the case of specific data requests, consideration of additional variables may also become important.20 Note: Organisations may be collecting data with a different level of aggregation – while some will be able to provide individual level data, others will have aggregation only on a state or regional level.
For example, many organisations with web-based databases generally only allow access to aggregated data.

After defining the time period that the MMP and BMP will cover, the sources of data and their level of disaggregation, it is recommended to develop data request forms21 so that the respective institutions provide data in exactly the format needed.22 Analysis The MMP format does not require undertaking a sophisticated statistical analysis – in most cases frequencies, and cross tabulations are used.
Therefore, in most of the cases only basic arithmetic manipulations – addition, subtraction, multiplication, division – and percentage calculations need to be performed.

However, when the MP team has full access to the statistical databases, more in-depth data analysis is possible – for instance, central tendency (mean, median and mode).
For example, adding mean age to the discussion of various categories of migrants or calculating average amount of remittances per transfer will add an additional perspective and contribute to a better understanding of migratory processes.

When analysing data covering recognition or rejection of persons in need of international protection, or visa, residence or citizenship applications, it is advisable to calculate the rates of recognition/refusal as well as the growth and decrease rates.
In this case it is important to define what is taken as a base and make sure that this information is also provided to the reader.

20 Examples of disaggregation from the 2015 Migration Profile of Georgia are presented in Annex 3, Box 1.

21 Several templates for data request forms are presented in Annex 2.
22 In the case of the Georgian MMP, data request form templates were developed in Excel format and discussed first internally within the MMP team and then individually with representatives of each institution involved in order to explain how the forms needed to be filled in and make sure that the forms were understandable.
In most of the cases a two-week period was initially allocated for the completed forms to be delivered to the MMP team, however, in some cases when the data was not readily available, it took more than a month to receive the completed forms.

21 There is no definite answer to the question of what is more adequate – to present raw data (numbers), or percentages, or both?
It clearly depends on the data itself – if the sample size is small (smaller than 100) it could be highly questionable to present data in percentages, since the margin of error could be rather high.

In some cases it is reasonable to have both frequencies and percentages to make it easier for a reader to instantly see the scale of the difference and/or change.

The important thing, however, is to achieve a balance between the data and the descriptions and explanations.
Focusing solely on the data and providing little or no aid to help the reader grasp the meaning behind the data should be avoided.

Although one may argue that data speak for themselves, this is not always the case.

Hence, when certain new developments are found in the data, it is advisable to provide possible explanations – however, these explanations should be clearly worded as such and also contain reasonable evidence.
Clearly, based on a descriptive analysis, it is not possible to arrive at causal or correlational explanations.

What is possible, however, is the identification of trends, patterns, and the dynamics of migratory movements and involvement of migrants in various socio- economic activities.

MMP and BMP Layout and Dissemination MMP Layout Data have to be presented in a user-friendly format.
Therefore, rather than include lengthy tables that, for example, may contain information on every immigrant‟s country of origin, only the top 5-10 countries of origin are included in the table or a graph, while the full table can be placed (if necessary) in the Annex and a respective reference made in the text.

Each table/graph is accompanied by a brief discussion of the data, highlighting the major differences/similarities.
It is important to include for each section conclusions (of one or two sentences in length) which summarise the main findings and trends.

It is advisable to develop a standard template for the tables in order to ensure that all data is presented in the same format – this seemingly technical aspect will save a lot of time and, more importantly, may also be instrumental in spotting data calculation mistakes.
Even when presenting the selected data, it is important to ensure that the reader is able to reconstruct a complete picture.

For example, when presenting statistics on labour residence permit issuance, you might only want to include in the table data on the top five or ten countries of origin involved.
However, when you add a row with the „Total‟ number of labour residence permits issued and another row – „Other‟ – containing data on the remaining countries, the data will be complete and it will be easy to make conclusions as to approximately what share of the total these five or ten countries constitute.
22 BMP Layout Unlike MMP, BMP graphic design constitutes one of the major components of the document, which should make it easy to understand, be extremely user-friendly, and eventually, contribute to its wide dissemination among stakeholders and the interested public.

For this reason, instead of tables, it is recommended that the BMP presents infographics complemented with concise explanations that logically link the various parts of the document.
Note: While drafting the BMP document it is recommended to choose data for visualisation/infographics in collaboration with the digital designer who will be working on the visual side of the document.

MMP and BMP Dissemination The list below presents the target audiences of MMP and BMP; again, based on the context of the particular state, these groups and outreach strategies may differ.

Nevertheless, the information below may serve as a starting point that can be adapted to local needs.
In the case of the development of the Georgian MMP and BMP, the following groups were identified as the target audience:  Key decision makers in the field of migration policy-making;  Mid-level managers in relevant state agencies;  Academia/students;  Non-governmental organisations;  The international community;  The broader local public.
In the case of the first two groups, who were to a certain extent involved in the development process of the documents, the goal was to reinforce their sense of ownership and motivate them to take a step further and actually start using the document as solid evidence for policy-making.
To this end, the organisation of a formal launch of the document, once it is approved and published, is advisable, where the major findings can again be discussed and those policy areas where MMP and BMP provide the most important insights highlighted.

In order to reach out to academic representatives and students, it is advisable to organise presentations and workshops (covering both findings and development methodology) not only at the leading universities in the capital city, but in the regions as well.
At the same time, print versions of the document should be delivered to university libraries and made accessible to academic staff and students.

To better promote the document, electronic 23 versions of the document could also be shared via social media platforms popular among the academic and student communities.
In the case of non-governmental organisations working in the field of migration, the most effective way to reach out will be similar to the academic/student approach discussed above and consist of presentations/workshops and dissemination of the print/electronic version of the document.
To reach out to international community representatives within the country the following approaches can be utilised: they could participate in the official launch event of the document and print versions could be sent directly to diplomatic/international representations for their future reference.
In the case of the international community abroad, thematic meetings within international platforms (for example, within the Prague Process initiative) could be used to present MMP and BMP findings and methodology and disseminate the documents.

At the same time, it is important to consider utilisation of online dissemination possibilities – placement of links to the electronic versions of the documents on the sites of relevant partner organisations (e.g.

local and international, the Prague Process).


To reach out to a broader public different approach needs to be utilised.

First of all, it needs to be taken into account what the major source of information for the majority of the population is.
In the case of Georgia it is TV – hence, development and airing of informational TV materials is expected to better achieve the goal of informing the broader public on the major insights of MMP and BMP, and in this way contribute to a more balanced assessment by the population of migration-related issues, be they related to policy or existing trends.

24 Annex 1.

Structure of Georgian MMP Table 1.


Content, major sources of data, type of data and challenges encountered MPP Part Content Data Data Sources Challenges A1.

Background Overview of the socio- economic and cultural state of the country.

Major country performance data (GDP, FDI, GINI, demographics, education/health expenditure, economic development ratings).

A2.
A2.

Emigration Overview of emigration stocks, flows, types of emigrants, regularity/irregularity of emigration, and international protection.

Emigrant flows and stocks; Residence and citizenship data; Asylum statistics.

A3.

Immigration Overview of immigration stocks, flows, types of immigrants, regularity/irregularity of immigration, and international protection.

Immigrant flows and stocks; Residence and citizenship data; Asylum statistics.

A4.
A4.

Return Migration Overview of voluntary and forced return migration, including readmission and reasons for return.

Return (voluntary/involuntary) migration data.

GeoStat; International Organisations and research institutions (such as the World Bank, Eurostat, UNFPA, UNESCO, UNDP).
GeoStat; European Commission, Russian Federation Federal State Statistics Service, US Homeland Security Office of Immigration Statistics; International Organisations and research institutions (such as the World Bank, Eurostat, UNFPA, FRONTEX, UNHCR, UN DESA, EUI).

GeoStat, PSDA, National Agency of Public Registry, MoES, MRA, MIA; International Organisations and research institutions (such as the World Bank, UNHCR, UN DESA, EUI).

IOM Assisted Voluntary Return and Reintegration Programme, ETF.

A5.
A5.

Internal Migration Overview of internal migratory trends (ecomigration, internal displacement, rural- Internal migration data for each category of internal migration.

MRA, GeoStat, PSDA.

25 No major challenges.

Some data was either non-existent, or difficult to obtain – especially in the case of emigration/immigra tion stocks and flows.

Hence, there was a need to rely on estimations.


Return migrant data collected in Georgia are not comprehensive, hence, we had to rely more on social research results and estimations.

Registration of internal mobility is not comprehensive, but still allowed A6.

Trafficking in Human Beings B1.

Demographic Dimension B2.

Economic Dimension urban migrations).

Overview of trafficking in human beings data, law enforcement data.
Impact of immigration, emigration and internal migration on major demographic trends.

Impact of immigration, emigration and internal migration on the economic development of the country.

B3.

Social Dimension – Integration Integration of immigrants including persons under international protection and returnees.

Victims of trafficking data, human trafficking crime statistics, and data on services provided to victims and statutory victims of human trafficking.

Population data.
Population data.

Ministry of Justice, USAID, Global Slavery Index, MIA, State Fund for Protection and Assistance of (statutory) Victims of Human Trafficking.

GeoStat.

identification of major trends.

No major challenges.

No major challenges.

Lack of multifaceted data on foreign economic/entrepren eurial activity GeoStat, National Bank of Georgia, CRRC, EBRD, IOM, PSDA, ISET, Ministry of Finance, OSMDI, ETF, International Education Center.

MRA, Ministry of Labour, Health and Social Affairs, PSDA.
Lack of data on the foreign integration indicators‟ performance.

Remittance (both inflow and outflow) data, foreigner economic/entrepreneurial activity data, work/entrepreneurial residence permit data, diaspora economic activity data, and internalisation of education statistics.

Integration programme data, social assistance programme data, naturalisation data.

26 Annex 2.
26 Annex 2.

Examples of Data Request Form Templates Developed for the 2015 Migration Profile of Georgia Note: It is recommended to develop data request forms in Excel format, so that the forms received contain columns/rows added by the agencies that supply the data and which can be easily manipulated by the MMP and BMP development team members in order to recalculate and check for consistency.

Template 1.
Template 1.

Internally Displaced Person/Ecological Migrant Data Request Form by region of displacement, gender, age, type of resettlement and region of resettlement Region of Displacement Year Gender Age Group Type of Resettlement Housing Region of Resettlement Female Male <18 18-25 26-40 41-65 >65 Private Collective 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Template 2.
Internally Displaced Person/Ecomigrant Total Number Request Form Year Total Number of Individuals Total Number of Households Gender Female Male <18 18-25 Age Group 26-40 41-65 >65 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 27 Template 3.

Internally Displaced Person/Ecomigrant Housing Provisions Data Request Form Year Total Funding (Currency) Funding from the State Budget (Currency) Funding from Other Sources (Currency) Total Number of Purchased Housing 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Template 4.
Residence Permit/Citizenship Data Request Form Citizenship Type of Permit (Work/Education/Family Reunification, etc.)

First Residence Permits Renewals Gender Age Group Total Female Male <18 18-25 26-40 41-65 >65 28 Template 5.

Foreign Student Enrolment Data Request Form Number of Enrolled Foreign Students Year Citizenship of Foreign Students (columns can be added as needed) Gender Age Group Female Male <18 18-25 26-40 41+ Tbilisi Universities Regional Universities 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Template 6.
Foreign Student Graduation Statistics Data Request Form Year Citizenship of Foreign Students (columns can be added as needed) Gender Number of Foreign Graduates Female Male <18 Age Group 18-25 26-40 41+ Tbilisi Universities Regional Universities 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 29 Annex 3.

Disaggregation, Raw Numbers, and Percentages Box 1.

Data Disaggregation from the 2015 Migration Profile of Georgia Example 1.
Type of foreign language programmes, number of universities offering foreign language programmes Example 2.

Individual, household levels, gender, age, regional distribution, region of displacement 30 31 Box 2.

Examples of Utilisation of Raw Numbers and Percentages from the 2015 Migration Profile of Georgia Example 1.

Naturalization data: numbers and percentages Example 2.

Work residence permits: numbers and shares 32