Source document: https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1698059813004.pdf (Liberia)
Self-healing (smart) concrete - Development and full scale application Development of self-healing concrete for Civil Engineering applications Henk Jonkers Delft University of Technology Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Materials & Environment Section h.m.jonkers@tudelft.nl 1 The problem 2 The problem Cracks in concrete result in leakage problems 3 The problem Cracks in concrete result in corrosion problems 4 The problem Cracks in concrete result in limited service life and high costs for repair $ 5 Solution: Smart self-healing concrete!
→ Reduced risk of failure → Less repair actions required → Less out-of-order occurrences → Saves money!

→ Increased performance and service life 6 Self-healing concrete: Solution: limestone producing bacteria!
+ Bacteria Calcium lactate Limestone 7 Self-healing bacteria-based concrete: Limestone production by bacteria in alkaline environments Bacteria: convert organics into CO2 Ca(C3H5O3)2 + 6 O2 à CaCO3 + 5 CO2 + 5 H2O CO2 + 2(OH-) → CO3 2- + H2O Ca(OH)2 CO3 2- + Ca2+ → CaCO3 à Two components required: bacteria + nutrients 8 Self-healing concrete: Functionality: 1.

Oxygen consumption: à protection steel corrosion 2.

Limestone formation: à improving water tightness 3.

4.
4.

“ à porosity decrease “ à damage / wear resistance 9 Two-component self-healing agent: 1.

Bacteria (catalyst) 2.

Mineral precursor compound (chemical / 'food') → Packing of agents in particles / capsules Reservoir for healing agents (bacteria + chemicals) Bacteria food 10 Development of concrete healing agents Two-component self-healing agent: → Development since 2006: 1.

Direct addition to concrete mixture Jonkers (2007) In: S. van der Zwaag / SHM: an introduction.

Springer Jonkers et al.


(2010) Ecol.

Eng.

36(2): 230-235 2.

Encapsulation in LW aggregate Jonkers (2011) Heron 56:1-12 Wiktor & Jonkers (2011) Cem Conc Comp 33:763-770 3.

Encapsulation in polymer particles Jonkers et al.

(2015) SHM S. van der Zwaag IOS Press 11 Self-healing concrete: 1 mm t=0 t=24d t=58d Crack healing in water 12 Self-healing concrete: Crack healing in water 13 Self-healing concrete: Bacterial limestone 2 µm 14 Self-healing products 1.

Self-healing concrete 2.


Self-healing repair mortar 3.
Liquid repair system 15 Self-healing concrete à 'Self-healing agent' à Based on granular additive à Seals up to 1mm wide cracks 16 Self-healing concrete Healing agent easily added to the concrete mix 'Healing agent' Truck mixer 17 Self-healing concrete Prefab elements applications 18 Self-healing concrete Prefab elements applications Wastewater treatment tank 19 Self-healing concrete In situ concrete applications 20 Self-healing concrete In situ concrete applications Water reservoir 21 Self-healing products 2.
Self-healing repair mortar 22 2.
Self-healing repair mortar à Based on granular healing agent à Based on PVA fibers à Low shrinkage à Ductile behaviour à Strong bonding Healing agent + PVA fibres Thermal / plastic shrinkage 23 Self-healing repair mortar - Projects Structural repairs 24 Self-healing repair mortar - Projects Waterproofing leaking cracks in basement / tunnel walls 25 Self-healing repair mortar - Projects Liner for repair / durability improvement 26 Self-healing repair mortar - Projects https://youtu.be/LRCMyPxTWtw BAM Groningen, applied as shotcrete on leaking basement walls 27 Self-healing products 3.
Liquid repair system 28 Practical applications bacteria-based SHC 3.

Liquid repair system à Two-component liquid spray à Forms firm gel, converted in time to limestone à Fast application (6000 m2 in 4 hours) à Increases frost resistance à Seals 0.2 mm cracks in 1 treatment à Seals 0.2 – 0.6 mm cracks in 2-3 treatments 29 Practical applications bacteria-based SHC 3.

Liquid repair system - Projects Sealing of cracks in parking decks 30 Practical applications bacteria-based SHC 3.
Liquid repair system - Projects Gel formation mixing sol A & sol B Application is done within few hours Structure/parking garage can re-opened after application 31 Self-healing concrete products Lab results on drilled cores Resistance to freeze/thaw with de-icing salt 48% less mass loss FT0 FT1 FT2 32 Valorisation Green-Basilisk B.V. Self Healing Concrete 33 basiliskconcrete.com Self-healing concrete products Self Healing Agent Self Healing Repair Mortar MR3 Liquid Repair System ER7 Basilisk self-healing agent for concrete mixtures Basilisk self-healing repair mortar for existing concrete structures Basilisk liquid repair solution 34 Links to self-healing concrete movies Link to CNN website self-healing concrete documentary: http://edition.cnn.com/2015/05/14/tech/bioconcrete-delft-jonkers/index.html EPO finalist 2015: https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=44&v=OXkW1q9HpFA Shotcrete application of repair mortar MR3 https://youtu.be/LRCMyPxTWtw Aanleg bluswaterreservoir Hoogvliet (in Dutch): https://youtu.be/M7i_Xv9tWnw 35 EPO finalist 2015: 36