Source document: https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697753118228.pdf (Georgia)
Qualified Credit Institution Microfinance Organization Rico Express LLC Financial statements Year ended 31 December 2022 together with independent auditor’s report Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC 2022 financial statements Contents Independent auditor’s report Statement of financial position ...................................................................................................................... 1 Statement of comprehensive income ............................................................................................................ 2 Statement of changes in equity .................................................................................................................... 3 Statement of cash flows ............................................................................................................................... 4 Notes to the financial statements Principal activities ............................................................................................................................... 5 1.
Basis of preparation ........................................................................................................................... 5 2.

Summary of accounting policies ......................................................................................................... 6 3.

Significant accounting judgments and estimates ................................................................................15 4.
Cash and cash equivalents and amounts due from credit institutions .................................................15 5.

Derivative financial instruments .........................................................................................................16 6.

Loans to customers ...........................................................................................................................16 7.
Leases ..............................................................................................................................................19 8.

Property and equipment ....................................................................................................................20 9.

10.

Income tax ........................................................................................................................................20 11.
Other assets......................................................................................................................................22 Promissory notes issued ...................................................................................................................22 12.

Borrowed funds .................................................................................................................................22 13.

14.
14.

Other liabilities ..................................................................................................................................23 15.

Equity................................................................................................................................................23 16.

Commitments and contingencies .......................................................................................................23 17.
Commission income from money transfers and commission expenses ..............................................24 18.

Gain from sale of repossessed gold and other income .......................................................................24 19.

Other general and administrative expenses .......................................................................................24 20.
Risk management .............................................................................................................................25 21.

Maturity analysis of assets and liabilities ............................................................................................33 Fair value measurements ..................................................................................................................33 22.

23.
23.

Related party disclosures ..................................................................................................................35 24.

Capital management .........................................................................................................................37 25.
Changes in liabilities arising from financing activities and other non−cash movements .......................38 Subsequent events ...........................................................................................................................38 26.
EY LLC Kote Abkhazi Street, 44 Tbilisi, 0105, Georgia Tel: +995 (32) 215 8811 Fax: +995 (32) 215 8822 www.ey.com/ge შპს იუაი საქართველო, 0105 თბილისი კოტე აფხაზის ქუჩა 44 ტელ: +995 (32) 215 8811 ფაქსი: +995 (32) 215 8822 Independent auditor’s report To the Shareholder and Supervisory Board of Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC Opinion We have audited the financial statements of Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC (hereinafter, the “Company”), which comprise the statement of financial position as at 31 December 2022, and the statement of comprehensive income, statement of changes in equity and statement of cash flows for the year then ended, and notes to the financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies.
In our opinion, the accompanying financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as at 31 December 2022 and its financial performance and its cash flows for the year then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs).

Basis for opinion We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (ISAs).
Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report.

We are independent of the Company in accordance with the International Ethics Standards Board of Accountants’ (IESBA) International Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (including International Independence Standards) (IESBA Code), and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with the IESBA Code.
We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Key audit matters Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the financial statements of the current period.

These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.
For the matters below, our description of how our audit addressed the matters is provided in that context.

We have fulfilled the responsibilities described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report, including in relation to these matters.

Accordingly, our audit included the performance of procedures designed to respond to our assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements.
The results of our audit procedures, including the procedures performed to address the matters below, provide the basis for our audit opinion on the accompanying financial statements.
A member firm of Ernst & Young Global Limited Key audit matter Measurement of expected credit losses on loans to customers How our audit addressed the key audit matter Assessment of expected credit losses ("ECL") on loans to customers based on the requirements of IFRS 9 Financial Instruments ("IFRS 9") is a key area of management's judgment.
The assessment of events that cause a significant increase in credit risk or credit impairment, the determination of probability of default and loss given default involve significant professional judgment and use of assumptions.
The calculation of ECL involves the use of estimation methods with unobservable inputs, including the determination of the probability of default, the exposure at default and loss given default on the basis of available historical data, adjusted for forecast information, including forecast macroeconomic parameters.

The use of different models and assumptions can lead to significantly different estimates of ECL on loans to customers.
In particular, ECLs are sensitive to existence and valuation of underlying collateral represented by gold.

Due to the significance of the carrying amount of loans to customers for the Company’s financial position, as well as the complexities and judgments associated with the assessment of the ECL, we considered this area one of the key audit matters.

Information on ECL is disclosed in Notes 4, 7 and 20 to the financial statements.
We evaluated the methodology developed by the Company for calculating ECL on loans to customers.

We tested controls over accounting for overdue loans.

We evaluated ECL measurement inputs to which the model is most sensitive.

We focused our procedures on existence and measurement of gold collateral on lombard loans.

We attended annual collateral stock take and, on a sample basis, tested existence and physical characteristics of gold collateral.
We assessed competence and objectivity of management’s expert involved in evaluation of physical characteristics of gold collateral.

We analysed the collateral database by searching for collaterals valued abnormally high or low as compared to gross carrying value of the respective loans.

We evaluated forecasted economic scenarios used in ECL estimation for inputs such as foreign exchange rates and gold prices.

We recalculated ECL as at 31 December 2022.


We also evaluated the disclosures in the notes to the financial statements related to ECL on loans to customers.

A member firm of Ernst & Young Global Limited Recognition of interest and commission income Interest income on loans to customers and commission income from money transfers represent major revenue streams for the Company.

Company’s revenue processes rely on both IT and manual inputs and controls.
Significance of these revenue streams and risks of material misstatements arising from human or IT errors or manipulation within respective revenue recognition processes make the recognition of interest and commission income one of the key audit matters.

Information related to revenue recognition is disclosed in Notes 3 and 17 to the financial statements.

We analysed revenue recognition policies.


We assessed the design and implementation and tested the operating effectiveness of the internal controls over interest income, including manual controls over calculation inputs (such as currency and nominal value of the loan) as well as automated controls over interest income calculation and recognition.
We recalculated interest income with reference to average gross carrying values by type of loan product and their respective weighted average interest rates and compared it to interest income recognized in the books for the year ended 31 December 2022.

On a sample basis, we traced commission income from money transfers recognized in the accounting records to respective supporting documentation.
We obtained external confirmations from selected money transfer systems and reconciled the amounts of revenue for the period reported in those confirmation to accounting records.

We also assessed Company's disclosures on commission and interest income.

Other information included in the Company’s 2022 Management Report Other information consists of the information included in the Company’s 2022 Management Report, other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon.
Management is responsible for the other information.

The Company’s 2022 Management Report is expected to be made available to us after the date of this auditor’s report.

Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the Management report and we will not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon in our report on the audit of the financial statements.
A member firm of Ernst & Young Global Limited In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information identified above when it becomes available and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated.
Responsibilities of management and the Supervisory Board for the financial statements Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in accordance with IFRSs, and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing the financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate the Company or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.

The Supervisory Board is responsible for overseeing the Company’s financial reporting process.
Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion.

Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs will always detect a material misstatement when it exists.
Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

As part of an audit in accordance with ISAs, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit.
We also: ► ► ► Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.

Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control.
Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by management.

A member firm of Ernst & Young Global Limited ► ► Conclude on the appropriateness of management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor’s report to the related disclosures in the financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion.

Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor’s report.

However, future events or conditions may cause the Company to cease to continue as a going concern.
Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.

We communicate with the Supervisory Board regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.
We also provide the Supervisory Board a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, actions taken to eliminate threats of safeguards applied.
From the matters communicated with the Supervisory Board, we determine those matters that were of most significance in the audit of the financial statements of the current period and are therefore the key audit matters.
We describe these matters in our auditor’s report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a matter should not be communicated in our report because the adverse consequences of doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefits of such communication.

The partner in charge of the audit resulting in this independent auditor’s report is Anvar Azamov.
Ana Kusrashvili On behalf of EY LLC 15 May 2023 Tbilisi, Georgia A member firm of Ernst & Young Global Limited Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC 2022 financial statements Statement of financial position As of 31 December 2022 (Thousands of Georgian Lari) Assets Cash and cash equivalents Amounts due from credit institutions Derivative financial assets Loans to customers Right−of−use assets Property and equipment Intangible assets Other assets Total assets Liabilities Derivative financial liabilities Promissory notes issued Current income tax liabilities Borrowed funds Lease liabilities Deferred income tax liability Other liabilities Total liabilities Equity Charter capital Retained earnings Total equity Total equity and liabilities Notes 2022 2021 5 109,530 − 825 425,849 5,667 16,340 475 16,511 575,197 − 115,263 2,093 132,944 5,039 4,081 15,233 274,653 1,584 298,960 300,544 575,197 69,923 1,549 − 366,416 6,829 15,284 154 22,842 482,997 358 121,448 1,095 95,444 7,014 2,765 4,565 232,689 1,584 248,724 250,308 482,997 Signed and authorized for release on 15 May 2023 Tamar Gogodze Executive Director Gulida Sajaia Chief Accountant The accompanying notes on pages 5 to 38 are an integral part of these financial statements.
1 Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC 2022 financial statements Statement of comprehensive income For the year ended 31 December 2022 (Thousands of Georgian Lari) Interest income calculated using effective interest rate method Loans to customers Cash and cash equivalents and amounts due from credit institutions Interest expense Borrowed funds Promissory notes Lease liabilities Net interest income Expected credit loss (charge)/reversal Net interest income after credit loss movement Commission income from money transfers Commission expenses Foreign exchange gains/(losses): −Currency trading −Translation differences − Foreign currency derivatives Gain from sale of repossessed gold and other income Non−interest income Personnel expenses Depreciation and amortization Other general and administrative expenses Non−interest expense Profit before income tax expense Income tax expense Profit for the year Other comprehensive income Total comprehensive income for the year Notes 2022 2021 86,172 584 86,756 (12,105) (6,741) (596) (19,442) 67,314 (3,016) 64,298 9,528 (1,047) 32,160 3,549 (19,189) 258 25,259 (16,915) (4,460) (5,626) (27,001) 62,556 (10,154) 52,402 − 52,402 73,575 920 74,495 (9,505) (6,640) (562) (16,707) 57,788 51 57,839 7,204 − 9,908 (1,016) (5,046) 2,365 13,415 (13,637) (3,736) (5,120) (22,493) 48,761 (7,484) 41,277 − 41,277 7 17 17 18 8, 9 19 10 The accompanying notes on pages 5 to 38 are an integral part of these financial statements.
2 Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC 2022 financial statements Statement of changes in equity For the year ended 31 December 2022 (Thousands of Georgian Lari) 1 January 2021 Profit for the year Total comprehensive income for the year Dividends declared (Note 15) 31 December 2021 Profit for the year Total comprehensive income for the year Dividends declared (Note 15) 31 December 2022 1,584 − − − 1,584 Retained earnings 218,642 41,277 41,277 (11,195) 248,724 52,402 52,402 (2,166) Total 220,226 41,277 41,277 (11,195) 250,308 52,402 52,402 (2,166) 1,584 298,960 300,544 The accompanying notes on pages 5 to 38 are an integral part of these financial statements.
3 Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC 2022 financial statements Statement of cash flows For the year ended 31 December 2022 (Thousands of Georgian Lari) Cash flows from operating activities Interest received Interest paid Proceeds from sale of repossessed collateral Receipts from trading in foreign currency and foreign currency derivatives, net Commissions received from money transfers Other income received Personnel expenses paid Other operating expenses paid Cash flows from operating activities before changes in operating assets and liabilities Change in operating assets and liabilities Loans to customers Other assets Other liabilities Net cash flows from (used in) operating activities before income tax Income tax paid Net cash from (used in) operating activities Cash flows used in investing activities Net withdrawal from bank deposits Purchase of property and equipment Proceeds from sale of property and equipment Net cash (used in) from investing activities Cash flows from financing activities Proceeds from borrowed funds Repayment of borrowed funds Repayment of lease liabilities Net promissory notes issued (repaid) Dividends paid Net cash from (used in) financing activities Effect of exchange rates changes on cash and cash equivalents Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the year Note 2022 2021 86,034 (19,431) 24,060 11,787 9,529 258 (15,797) (6,954) 73,436 (16,772) 5,158 3,042 7,204 348 (12,808) (5,459) 89,486 54,149 (88,712) 7,186 9,925 17,885 (7,922) 9,963 1,549 (4,398) 3 (2,846) 164,000 (126,668) (2,256) 6,385 (2,166) 39,295 (6,805) 39,607 69,923 25 25 8 25 15 (74,947) 468 (200) (20,530) (5,682) (26,212) 3,090 (2,036) 410 1,464 140,300 (158,411) (1,309) 14,758 (11,194) (15,856) (4,937) (45,541) 115,464 69,923 Cash and cash equivalents, ending of the year 5 109,530 The accompanying notes on pages 5 to 38 are an integral part of these financial statements.
4 Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC Notes to 2022 financial statements (Thousands of Georgian Lari) 1.

Principal activities Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC (the “Company”, registration ID: 205034639) was established as limited liability company on 1 July 2004 under the laws of Georgia.

On 11 April 2007 the Company was registered as microfinance organization by the National Bank of Georgia (“NBG”) with the registration number #80407.
On 26 June 2013 the Company obtained status of qualified credit institution from the NBG.

Legal address of the Company is 70 Chavchavadze ave, Tbilisi, Georgia.

The Company’s main activities are issuance of small and medium−sized loans to individuals collateralized by immovable and movable property (mostly precious metals and real estate), currency dealing and money transfers.

As at 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021, Mrs Dali Urushadze was the sole owner of the Company.
Business environment The Company’s operations are located in Georgia.

The Company is exposed to the economic and financial markets of Georgia which display characteristics of an emerging market.

The legal, tax and regulatory frameworks continue development, but are subject to varying interpretations and frequent changes which together with other legal and fiscal impediments contribute to the challenges faced by entities operating in Georgia.
The financial statements reflect management’s assessment of the impact of Georgian business environment on the operations and the financial position of the Company.

The future business environment may differ from management’s assessment.

As a result of the Russia’s invasion to Ukraine, many leading countries and economic unions have announced severe economic sanctions on Russia, including Russian banks, other entities and individuals.
Since the start of the war, there has been a significant volatility of the Russian rubble against foreign currencies, as well as significant loss of value on the securities markets in Russia and of Russian companies listed in other markets.

The situation is still unfolding, but it has already resulted in a humanitarian crisis and huge economic losses in Ukraine, Russia and the rest of the world.

Ukraine and Russia are important trade partners of Georgia.
The war has had a significant impact on the Georgian economy; remittances from Russian and Ukrainian citizens relocated to Georgia contributed to significant appreciation of Georgian Lari against foreign currencies and towards 10% GDP growth over 2022.

As the war is still waging, it is impossible to reliably assess the ultimate impact this may have on the Company’s business as there is uncertainty over the magnitude of the impact on the economy in general.
The Company’s management is monitoring the economic situation in the current environment.

2.

Basis of preparation General These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”).

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention except as disclosed in the accounting policies below.

Derivative financial instruments have been measured at fair value.
The Company’s functional and presentation currency is the Georgian Lari (GEL).

These financial statements are presented in thousands of Georgian Lari (GEL) unless otherwise indicated.

5 Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC Notes to 2022 financial statements (Thousands of Georgian Lari) 3.
Summary of accounting policies Changes in accounting policies The following standards/interpretations relevant to the Company’s activities that became effective in 2022 had no impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations: ► ► ► ► ► ► Onerous Contracts – Costs of Fulfilling a Contract – Amendments to IAS 37, Reference to the Conceptual Framework – Amendments to IFRS 3, Property, Plant and Equipment: Proceeds before Intended Use – Amendments to IAS 16 Leases, IFRS 1 First−time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards – Subsidiary as a first−time adopter, IFRS 9 Financial Instruments – Fees in the ’10 per cent’ test for derecognition of financial liabilities, IAS 41 Agriculture – Taxation in fair value measurements.
Fair value measurement Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either: ► ► In the principal market for the asset or liability; or In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability.
The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.
A fair value measurement of a non−financial asset takes into account a market participant’s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.
All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole: ► ► ► Level 1 – quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 – valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.

Level 3 − valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.
For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, Company determines whether transfers have occurred between Levels in the hierarchy by re−assessing categorization (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.
Financial assets and liabilities Initial recognition Date of recognition All regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on the settlement date i.e.

the date that the purchased asset is delivered to the Company.

Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the period generally established by regulation or convention in the marketplace.
6 Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC Notes to 2022 financial statements (Thousands of Georgian Lari) 3.

Summary of accounting policies (continued) Financial assets and liabilities (continued) Initial measurement The classification of financial instruments at initial recognition depends on their contractual terms and the business model for managing the instruments.
Financial instruments are initially measured at their fair value and, except in the case of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded at fair value through profit or loss (FVPL), transaction costs are added to, or subtracted from, this amount.
Measurement categories of financial assets and liabilities The Company classifies all of its financial assets based on the business model for managing the assets and the asset’s contractual terms, measured at either: ► ► ► Amortised cost; Fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI); FVPL.

The Company classifies and measures its derivative portfolio at FVPL.
The Company may designate financial instruments at FVPL, if so doing eliminates or significantly reduces measurement or recognition inconsistencies.
Cash equivalents and loans to customers at amortized cost The Company measures loans to customers and other financial investments at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met: ► ► The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows; The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding (SPPI).
The details of these conditions are outlined below.

Business model assessment The Company determines its business model at the level that best reflects how it manages groups of financial assets to achieve its business objective.
The Company’s business model is not assessed on an instrument−by−instrument basis, but at a higher level of aggregated portfolios and is based on observable factors such as: ► ► ► ► How the performance of the business model and the financial assets held within that business model are evaluated and reported to the entity’s key management personnel; The risks that affect the performance of the business model (and the financial assets held within that business model) and, in particular, the way those risks are managed; How managers of the business are compensated (for example, whether the compensation is based on the fair value of the assets managed or on the contractual cash flows collected); The expected frequency, value and timing of sales are also important aspects of the Company’s assessment.
The business model assessment is based on reasonably expected scenarios without taking ‘worst case’ or ‘stress case’ scenarios into account.

If cash flows after initial recognition are realised in a way that is different from the Company’s original expectations, the Company does not change the classification of the remaining financial assets held in that business model, but incorporates such information when assessing newly originated or newly purchased financial assets going forward.
7 Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC Notes to 2022 financial statements (Thousands of Georgian Lari) 3.

Summary of accounting policies (continued) Financial assets and liabilities (continued) The SPPI test As a second step of its classification process the Company assesses the contractual terms of financial asset to identify whether they meet the SPPI test.
‘Principal’ for the purpose of this test is defined as the fair value of the financial asset at initial recognition and may change over the life of the financial asset (for example, if there are repayments of principal or amortisation of the premium/discount).

The most significant elements of interest within a lending arrangement are typically the consideration for the time value of money and credit risk, as well as profit margin and certain other elements.
To make the SPPI assessment, the Company applies judgement and considers relevant factors such as the currency in which the financial asset is denominated, and the period for which the interest rate is set.

In contrast, contractual terms that introduce a more than de minimis exposure to risks or volatility in the contractual cash flows that are unrelated to a basic lending arrangement do not give rise to contractual cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the amount outstanding.
In such cases, the financial asset is required to be measured at FVPL.

Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents in the statement of financial position and statement of cash flows comprise cash at banks and on hand and short−term highly liquid deposits with a maturity of ninety days or less, that are readily convertible to a known amount of cash and subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
Derivative financial instruments In the normal course of business, the Company enters into foreign currency cross currency swaps in the foreign exchange market.

The counterparties are mostly local banks.

The fair values are estimated based on pricing models that take into account the current market and contractual prices of the underlying instruments and other factors, including the counterparty’s and Company’s own credit risk.
Derivatives are carried as assets when their fair value is positive and as liabilities when it is negative.

Gains and losses resulting from these instruments are included in the statement of profit or loss within net gains/(losses) from foreign currencies.

Although the Company has derivative instruments for risk hedging purposes, these instruments do not qualify for hedge accounting.
Borrowed funds and issued promissory notes Issued financial instruments or their components are classified as liabilities, where the substance of the contractual arrangement results in the Company having an obligation either to deliver cash or another financial asset to the holder, or to satisfy the obligation other than by the exchange of a fixed amount of cash or another financial asset for a fixed number of own equity instruments.
Such instruments include amounts promissory notes issued and borrowed funds.

After initial recognition, borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the borrowings are derecognised as well as through the amortisation process.
Measurement of financial instruments at initial recognition When financial instruments are recognised initially, they are measured at fair value, adjusted, in the case of instruments not at fair value through profit or loss, for directly attributable fees and costs.

8 Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC Notes to 2022 financial statements (Thousands of Georgian Lari) 3.
Summary of accounting policies (continued) Measurement of financial instruments at initial recognition (continued) The best evidence of the fair value of a financial instrument at initial recognition is normally the transaction price.
If the Company determines that the fair value at initial recognition differs from the transaction price, then: ► ► If the fair value is evidenced by a quoted price in an active market for an identical asset or liability (i.e., a Level 1 input) or based on a valuation technique that uses only data from observable markets, the Company recognizes the difference between the fair value at initial recognition and the transaction price as a gain or loss within interest income or expense, as appropriate; In all other cases, the initial measurement of the financial instrument is adjusted to defer the difference between the fair value at initial recognition and the transaction price.
After initial recognition, the Company recognizes that deferred difference as a gain or loss only when the inputs become observable, or when the instrument is derecognized.
Offsetting of financial instruments Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
The right of set−off must not be contingent on a future event and must be legally enforceable in all of the following circumstances: ► ► ► The normal course of business; The event of default; and The event of insolvency or bankruptcy of the entity and all of the counterparties.

These conditions are not generally met in master netting agreements, and the related assets and liabilities are presented gross in the statement of financial position.
Derecognition of financial assets and liabilities Financial assets A financial asset (or, where applicable a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is derecognised where: ► ► The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset, or retained the right to receive cash flows from the asset, but has assumed an obligation to pay them in full without material delay to a third party under a “pass−through” arrangement; and The Company either (a) has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.
Financial liabilities A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires.
Where an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability, and the difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognized in profit or loss.
9 Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC Notes to 2022 financial statements (Thousands of Georgian Lari) 3.

Summary of accounting policies (continued) Derecognition of financial assets and liabilities (continued) Write−off Financial assets are written off either partially or in their entirety only when the Company has stopped pursuing the recovery.
Lombard loans together with the associated allowance are usually written off and the collateral is repossessed when the respective loan becomes overdue for more than 60−90 days.

Non−performing mortgage loans are written−off when collateral recovery procedures are completed or no further cash inflows are expected from the borrower or collateral, which may take up to 2 years.
If the amount to be written off is greater than the accumulated loss allowance, the difference is first treated as an addition to the allowance that is then applied against the gross carrying amount.

Any subsequent recoveries are credited to credit loss expense.

A write−off constitutes a derecognition event.

Leases Company as a lessee The Company applies a single recognition and measurement approach for all leases, except for short−term leases and leases of low−value assets.
The Company recognises lease liabilities to make lease payments and right−of−use assets representing the right to use the underlying assets.

Right−of−use assets The Company recognises right−of−use assets at the commencement date of the lease (i.e., the date the underlying asset is available for use).

Right−of−use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities.
The cost of right−of−use assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognised, initial direct costs incurred, and lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received.

Unless the Company is reasonably certain to obtain ownership of the leased asset at the end of the lease term, the recognised right−of−use assets are depreciated on a straight−line basis over the shorter of its estimated useful life and the lease term.

Right−of−use assets are subject to impairment.


Lease liabilities At the commencement date of the lease, the Company recognises lease liabilities measured at the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term.

The lease payments include fixed payments (including in−substance fixed payments) less any lease incentives receivable, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, and amounts expected to be paid under residual value guarantees.
The variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate are recognised as expense in the period on which the event or condition that triggers the payment occurs.

In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Company uses the incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date if the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable.
After the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced for the lease payments made.

In addition, the carrying amount of lease liabilities is remeasured if there is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change in the in−substance fixed lease payments or a change in the assessment to purchase the underlying asset.
Short−term leases and leases of low value assets The Company applies the short−term lease recognition exemption to its short−term leases (i.e., those leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less from the commencement date and do not contain a purchase option).

It also applies the lease of low−value assets recognition exemption to certain leases of assets that are considered of low value (i.e., below GEL 15 thousand).
Lease payments on short−term leases and leases of low value assets are recognised as expense on a straight−line basis over the lease term.

10 Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC Notes to 2022 financial statements (Thousands of Georgian Lari) 3.

Summary of accounting policies (continued) Taxation The current income tax expense is calculated in accordance with the regulations of the Tax Code of Georgia.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are calculated in respect of temporary differences using the liability method.
Deferred income taxes are provided for all temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying values for financial reporting purposes, except where the deferred income tax arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss.
A deferred tax asset is recorded only to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences can be utilised.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at tax rates (applicable to undistributed profits) that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
Georgia also has various operating taxes, which are assessed on the Company’s activities.

These taxes are included as a component of other operating expenses.

Precious metals Gold and other precious metals received as repossessed collateral in settlement of loans from non−performing borrowers are initially recorded cost which equals net carrying value of the extinguished loan at repossession date.

Subsequently it is measured at fair value determined at Bloomberg bid prices less expected melting costs.
Changes in the fair value after initial recognition and gains/losses from disposal of gold bullions are recorded within other income.

As sales of precious metals and other repossessed collateral are incidental to the main revenue-generating activities of the Company, the Company presents the results of such transactions by netting any income with related expenses arising on the same transaction.
Property and equipment Property and equipment are carried at cost, excluding the costs of day−to−day servicing, less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment.

Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of equipment when that cost is incurred if the recognition criteria are met.

Costs related to repairs and renewals are charged when incurred and included in other operating expenses, unless they qualify for capitalization.
The carrying values of property and equipment are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.

Depreciation of an asset begins when it is available for use.
Depreciation is calculated on a straight−line basis over the following estimated useful lives: Buildings Computers and communication Office equipment Vehicles Other Years 20−25 5 5 5 5 Leasehold improvements are depreciated over lower of their useful life and respective lease term.

The asset’s residual values, useful lives and methods are reviewed, and adjusted as appropriate, at each financial year−end.

Land is not depreciated.


11 Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC Notes to 2022 financial statements (Thousands of Georgian Lari) 3.

Summary of accounting policies (continued) Intangible assets Intangible assets include computer software and licenses.

Intangible assets are measured on initial recognition at cost.

Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses.
Intangible assets with finite lives are amortised over the useful economic lives of 7 years and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired.

Amortisation periods are reviewed at least at each financial year−end.
Provisions Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, and it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate of the amount of obligation can be made.

Recognition of income and expenses Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured.
Interest and similar income and expense The Company calculates interest revenue on debt financial assets measured at amortized cost or at FVOCI by applying the EIR to the gross carrying amount of financial assets other than credit−impaired assets.

EIR is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments or receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset or financial liability.
The calculation takes into account all contractual terms of the financial instrument (for example, prepayment options) and includes any fees or incremental costs that are directly attributable to the instrument and are an integral part of the effective interest rate, but not future credit losses.

The carrying amount of the financial asset or financial liability is adjusted if the Company revises its estimates of payments or receipts.
The adjusted carrying amount is calculated based on the original effective interest rate and the change in carrying amount is recorded as interest revenue or expense.

When a financial asset becomes credit−impaired, the Company calculates interest revenue by applying the effective interest rate to the net amortised cost of the financial asset.

If the financial assets cures and is no longer credit−impaired, the Company reverts to calculating interest revenue on a gross basis.
For purchased or originated credit−impaired (POCI) financial assets, the Company calculates interest revenue by calculating the credit−adjusted EIR and applying that rate to the amortised cost of the asset.

The credit−adjusted EIR is the interest rate that, at original recognition, discounts the estimated future cash flows (including credit losses) to the amortised cost of the POCI assets.
Fee and commission income The Company earns fee and commission from money transfers that are recognised on completion of the underlying transaction.

Each operation is treated as a separate performance obligation.

Settlement of accrued income usually occurs either concurrently with the underlying transaction or within up to 30 days from the transaction date.

Foreign currency translation The financial statements are presented in Georgian Lari, which is the Company’s functional and presentation currency.
Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded in the functional currency, converted at the rate of exchange ruling at the date of the transaction.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the functional currency rate of exchange ruling at the reporting date.
Gains and losses resulting from the translation of foreign currency transactions are recognised in the statement of profit or loss as gains less losses from foreign currencies − translation differences.

12 Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC Notes to 2022 financial statements (Thousands of Georgian Lari) 3.
Summary of accounting policies (continued) Foreign currency translation (continued) Differences between the contractual exchange rate of a transaction in a foreign currency and the National Bank of Georgia exchange rate on the date of the transaction are included in Net gains/losses from foreign currencies.

As at 31 December 2022, USD/GEL exchange rate was 2.702 (31 December 2021: 3.0976).
Segment reporting Chief operating decision maker evaluates the Company as a single operating segment, based on its reported IFRS results.

Majority of the Company’s income and assets are located in Georgia.

There was no single external counterparty amounting to more than 10% of Company’s revenue for 2022 or 2021.
Standards issued but not yet effective The new and amended standards and interpretations that are issued, but not yet effective, up to the date of issuance of the Company’s financial statements are disclosed below.

The Company intends to adopt these new and amended standards and interpretations, if applicable, when they become effective.
IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts In May 2017, the IASB issued IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts (IFRS 17), a comprehensive new accounting standard for insurance contracts covering recognition and measurement, presentation and disclosure.

Once effective, IFRS 17 will replace IFRS 4 Insurance Contracts (IFRS 4) that was issued in 2005.
IFRS 17 applies to all types of insurance contracts (i.e., life, non−life, direct insurance and re−insurance), regardless of the type of entities that issue them, as well as to certain guarantees and financial instruments with discretionary participation features.

A few scope exceptions will apply.


IFRS 17 introduces new accounting requirements for banking products with insurance features that may affect the determination of which instruments or which components thereof will be in the scope of IFRS 9 or IFRS 17. Credit cards and similar products that provide insurance coverage: most issuers of these products will be able to continue with their existing accounting treatment as a financial instrument under IFRS 9.
IFRS 17 excludes from its scope credit card contracts (and other similar contracts that provide credit or payment arrangements) that meet the definition of an insurance contract if, and only if, the entity does not reflect an assessment of the insurance risk associated with an individual customer in setting the price of the contract with that customer.
When the insurance coverage is provided as part of the contractual terms of the credit card, the issuer is required to: ► ► Separate the insurance coverage component and apply IFRS 17 to it; Apply other applicable standards (such as IFRS 9, IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers or IAS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets) to the other components.
Loan contracts that meet the definition of insurance but limit the compensation for insured events to the amount otherwise required to settle the policyholder’s obligation created by the contract: issuers of such loans − e.g.

a loan with waiver on death − have an option to apply IFRS 9 or IFRS 17.

The election would be made at a portfolio level and would be irrevocable.

IFRS 17 is effective for reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023, with comparative figures required.
Early application is permitted, provided the entity also applies IFRS 9 and IFRS 15 on or before the date it first applies IFRS 17.

The Company has completed the assessment of the impacts of adopting IFRS 17 and, also taking into consideration the scope exclusions for certain banking products, such as credit cards, in IFRS 17.7(h), it has concluded that it does not expect any material impact on its financial statements from the adoption of the new standard in 2023.
13 Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC Notes to 2022 financial statements (Thousands of Georgian Lari) 3.

Summary of accounting policies (continued) Standards issued but not yet effective (continued) Amendments to IAS 1: Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non–current In January 2020, the IASB issued amendments to paragraphs 69 to 76 of IAS 1 to specify the requirements for classifying liabilities as current or non–current.
The amendments clarify: ► ► ► ► What is meant by a right to defer settlement; That a right to defer must exist at the end of the reporting period; That classification is unaffected by the likelihood that an entity will exercise its deferral right; That only if an embedded derivative in a convertible liability is itself an equity instrument would the terms of a liability not impact its classification.
The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023 and must be applied retrospectively.

The Company is currently assessing the impact the amendments will have on current practice and whether existing loan agreements may require renegotiation.

Definition of Accounting Estimates – Amendments to IAS 8 In February 2021, the IASB issued amendments to IAS 8, in which it introduced a definition of ‘accounting estimates’.
The amendments clarify the distinction between changes in accounting estimates and changes in accounting policies and the correction of errors.

Also, they clarify how entities use measurement techniques and inputs to develop accounting estimates.

The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023 and apply to changes in accounting policies and changes in accounting estimates that occur on or after the start of that period.
Earlier application is permitted as long as this fact is disclosed.

The amendments are not expected to have a material impact on the Company.

Disclosure of Accounting Policies – Amendments to IAS 1 and IFRS Practice Statement 2 In February 2021, the IASB issued amendments to IAS 1 and IFRS Practice Statement 2 Making Materiality Judgements, in which it provides guidance and examples to help entities apply materiality judgements to accounting policy disclosures.
The amendments aim to help entities provide accounting policy disclosures that are more useful by replacing the requirement for entities to disclose their ‘significant’ accounting policies with a requirement to disclose their ‘material’ accounting policies and adding guidance on how entities apply the concept of materiality in making decisions about accounting policy disclosures.
The amendments to IAS 1 are applicable for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023 with earlier application permitted.

Since the amendments to the Practice Statement 2 provide non–mandatory guidance on the application of the definition of material to accounting policy information, an effective date for these amendments is not necessary.

The Company is currently assessing the impact of the amendments to determine the impact they will have on the Company’s accounting policy disclosures.
In addition, the following standards and amendments that are issued but not yet effective are either not expected to have material impact of the Company or where the Company is still assessing the adoption impact: ► ► ► ► ► Amendments to IFRS 3: Reference to the Conceptual Framework Amendments to IAS 12: Deferred tax on leases and decommissioning obligations Amendments to IAS 16: Proceeds before Intended Use IFRS 17: Insurance Contracts Annual Improvements 2018–2020 Cycle (issued in May 2020).
14 Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC Notes to 2022 financial statements (Thousands of Georgian Lari) 4.

Significant accounting judgments and estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses.
Estimation uncertainty In the process of applying the Company’s accounting policies, management made estimates in determining the amounts recognised in the financial statements.
The most significant use of estimates are as follows: Allowance for expected credit losses The measurement of expected credit losses on loans to customers under IFRS 9 requires judgement, in particular, the estimation of the amount and timing of future cash flows and collateral values when determining expected credit losses and the assessment of a significant increase in credit risk.

These estimates are driven by a number of factors, changes in which can result in different levels of allowances.
The Company’s ECL calculations are outputs of complex models with a number of underlying assumptions regarding the choice of variable inputs and their interdependencies.
Elements of the ECL models that are considered accounting judgements and estimates include: ► ► ► ► ► The Company’s criteria for assessing if there has been a significant increase in credit risk and so allowances for financial assets should be measured on a lifetime ECL basis and the qualitative assessment; The segmentation of financial assets when their ECL is assessed on a collective basis; Development of ECL models, including the various formulae and the choice of inputs; Determination of associations between macroeconomic scenarios and economic inputs, such as foreign exchange rates and gold commodity prices, and the effect on PDs and LGDs; Selection of forward−looking macroeconomic scenarios and their probability weightings, to derive the economic inputs into the ECL models.
As at 31 December 2022, the Company updated its model for estimation of PD based on more granular (monthly, as opposed to previously applied quarterly) historical information on loan defaults.

The resulting increase in PD on lombard portfolio did not have material impact on profit or loss for the current period...

The amount of expected credit losses in relation to loans to customers recognized in the statement of financial position at 31 December 2022 was 4,050 (2021: 1,034).
More details are provided in Notes 7 and 20.

Leases − determining the lease term of contracts with renewal and termination options The Company determines the lease term as the non−cancellable term of the lease, together with any periods covered by an option to extend the lease if it is reasonably certain to be exercised, or any periods covered by an option to terminate the lease, if it is reasonably certain not to be exercised.
The Company did not recognize lease liability for the portion of lease payments subject to termination option in periods over 5−10 years (depending on the nature of the underlying assets), which represents a significant judgment.

Lease payments subject to termination options expected to be exercised and in respect of which no lease liability was recognized amounted to GEL 10,564 as at 31 December 2022 (2021: GEL 10,085).

5.
5.

Cash and cash equivalents and amounts due from credit institutions Cash and cash equivalents and amounts due from credit institutions comprise: Cash on hand Current accounts with other credit institutions 2022 50,948 58,582 109,530 2021 45,021 24,902 69,923 15 Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC Notes to 2022 financial statements (Thousands of Georgian Lari) 5.
Cash and cash equivalents and amounts due from credit institutions (continued) As at 31 December 2022, GEL 58,376 or 99% (2021: GEL 20,762 or 78%) of current accounts with other credit institutions and amounts due from credit institutions is placed within three (2021: three) Georgian banks that have ratings from BB− to BB+ (Fitch).

As at 31 December 2021, amounts due from credit institutions include GEL 1,549 term deposits denominated in USD, placed in a Georgian bank without an external credit rating.
Expected credit losses on cash equivalents and amounts due from credit institutions are insignificant and there were no significant movements in ECL during the period.

No significant increase in credit risk occurred on current accounts with other credit institution and amounts due from credit institutions since origination.

6.

Derivative financial instruments The Company enters into derivative financial instruments to mitigate currency risk.
The table below shows the fair values of derivative financial instruments as at 31 December 2022 and 2021, recorded as assets or liabilities, together with their notional amounts.

The notional amount, recorded gross, is the amount of a derivative’s underlying asset and is the basis upon which changes in the value of derivatives are measured.

The notional amounts indicate volume of transactions outstanding at the year end and are not indicative of the credit risk.
31 December 2022 31 December 2021 Notional amount Fair values Asset Liability Notional amount Fair values Asset Liability Foreign exchange contracts Cross−currency swaps − domestic 147,888 825 − 92,798 − 358 Cross−currency swaps are contractual agreements between two parties to exchange movements in foreign currency rates based on specified notional amounts.

7.
7.

Loans to customers The Company issues small and medium−sized loans to individuals: mortgage loans secured by real estate, and Lombard loans secured by precious metals (mostly gold) and jewellery.

Lombard loans are issued normally from one month to one year period, with an option to roll−over at the mutual agreement of the borrower and the Company.
Loans to customers comprise: Lombard loans Mortgage loans Gross loans to customers Less: expected credit losses Loans to customers 2022 416,441 13,458 429,899 (4,050) 425,849 2021 347,956 19,494 367,450 (1,034) 366,416 16 Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC Notes to 2022 financial statements (Thousands of Georgian Lari) 7.
Loans to customers (continued) Expected credit losses on loans to customers An analysis of changes in ECL in relation to loans to customers during the year ended 31 December 2022 is as follows: Lombard loans Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total ECL as at 1 January 2022 New assets originated or purchased Assets repaid Transfers to Stage 1 Transfers to Stage 2 Transfers to Stage 3 Foreign exchange, change in models and inputs and other movements At 31 December 2022 255 4,097 (3,408) 490 − − 1,502 2,936 22 − (21) (3) 118 (5) 35 146 591 − − (487) (118) 5 890 881 868 4,097 (3,429) − − − 2,427 3,963 Mortgage loans Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total ECL as at 1 January 2022 New assets originated or purchased Assets repaid Amounts written off Foreign exchange, change in models and inputs and other movements At 31 December 2022 124 1 (1) − (93) 31 33 − (16) − (17) − 9 − − (71) 118 56 166 1 (17) (71) 8 87 An analysis of changes in the ECL in relation to loans to customers during the year ended 31 December 2021 is as follows: Lombard loans Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total ECL as at 1 January 2021 New assets originated or purchased Assets repaid Transfers to Stage 1 Transfers to Stage 2 Impact on period end ECL of exposures transferred between stages during the period Foreign exchange, change in models and inputs and other movements At 31 December 2021 323 478 (409) 2 − − (139) 255 7 − (3) − 65 4 (51) 22 64 − (2) (2) (65) − 596 591 394 478 (414) − − 4 406 868 17 Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC Notes to 2022 financial statements (Thousands of Georgian Lari) 7.
Loans to customers (continued) Expected credit losses on loans to customers (continued) Mortgage loans Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total ECL as at 1 January 2021 New assets originated or purchased Assets repaid Transfers to Stage 2 Impact on period end ECL of exposures transferred between stages during the period Amounts written off Foreign exchange, change in models and inputs and other movements At 31 December 2021 217 6 (56) − − − (43) 124 49 − (11) 4 7 − (16) 33 4 − − (4) 1 (598) 606 9 270 6 (67) − 8 (598) 547 166 The significant changes in the gross carrying amount of the loan portfolio that contributed to the changes in ECL in 2022 and 2021 were: ► ► ► Increase of Stage 1 Lombard loan portfolio as the result of issuance of the new loans; Decrease in Stage 1 mortgage loan portfolio through scheduled and early repayments.
Write−offs of non−performing Stage 3 mortgage loans of GEL 71 (2021: GEL 598).

Collateral and other credit enhancements The amount and type of collateral required depends on an assessment of the credit risk of the counterparty.

Guidelines are implemented regarding the acceptability of types of collateral and valuation parameters.

The main types of collateral obtained are as follows: ► ► Precious metals; Real estate.
Management monitors the market value of collateral, requests additional collateral in accordance with the underlying agreement, and monitors the market value of collateral obtained during its review of the adequacy of the expected credit losses.

As at 31 December 2022, fair value of precious metals held as collateral under Lombard loans was equal to GEL 399,437 (2021: GEL 369,440), of which GEL 1,333 (2021: GEL 3,728) was held in relation to credit−impaired loans.
In absence of collateral, expected credit loss in respect of credit−impaired mortgage loans would have been higher by GEL 17 (2021: GEL 5).

For the loans with gross carrying value of GEL 126,436 (2021: GEL 94,521) no ECL has been recognized because of the collateral.

In 2022, the Company repossessed collateral in form of precious metals amounting to GEL 18,742 (2021: GEL 12,371).
The Company recognizes repossessed collateral as an asset in its statement of financial position, as it determines that it controls the repossessed assets.

The Company’s policy is to dispose the repossessed collateral in orderly fashion, which is achieved through either sale at the Company’s own shops or by bulk sales on international market (which usually requires prior refinery), depending on the nature of the asset.
In normal course of business, the Company pledges the loans issued under its borrowings.

As at 31 December 2022, carrying value of loans pledged as collateral under Company’s borrowings amounted to GEL 152,002 (2021: GEL 57,200) (Note 13).

18 Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC Notes to 2022 financial statements (Thousands of Georgian Lari) 8.

Leases The Company is a lessee in a number of lease arrangements for buildings that are used by the Company as retail outlets.
The agreements are mostly denominated in GEL and USD and have contractual terms from 1 to 10 years, usually subject to termination options at predetermined notice period.

The terms of the arrangements usually provide for fixed payments only and do not contain any types of variable payments.
The movements in right−of−use assets were as follows: As at 1 January 2021 Additions Depreciation expense Modification effect As at 31 December 2021 Additions Depreciation expense As at 31 December 2022 The movements in lease liabilities were as follows: As at 1 January 2021 Additions Interest expense Payments Foreign exchange Modification effect As at 31 December 2021 Additions Interest expense Payments Foreign exchange As at 31 December 2022 Right−of−use assets (buildings) 5,695 2,180 (1,695) 649 6,829 699 (1,861) 5,667 Lease liabilities 5,670 2,159 561 (1,870) (125) 619 7,014 699 596 (2,852) (418) 5,039 The Group had total cash outflow for leases of GEL 2,965 (2021: GEL 1,916) from which outflows for low value item leases amounted to GEL 113 (2020: GEL 46).
As of 31 December the Company’s future cash flows on its lease arrangements comprised the following: 2022 2021 Not later than 1 year 1 year to 2 year 2 year to 3 year 3 year to 4 year 4 year to 5 year Later than 5 years 2,587 2,053 1,527 517 135 93 6,912 2,547 2,640 2,027 1,481 448 182 9,325 19 Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC Notes to 2022 financial statements (Thousands of Georgian Lari) 9.
Property and equipment The movements in property and equipment were as follows: Land and buildings Computers and communi− cation Office equipment Vehicles Total Cost 31 December 2021 Additions Disposals 31 December 2022 Accumulated depreciation and impairment 31 December 2021 Depreciation charge Disposals and write−offs 31 December 2022 Net book value 31 December 2021 31 December 2022 13,460 3 − 13,463 (3,515) (544) − (4,059) 9,945 9,404 6,432 2,771 − 9,203 (4,352) (1,153) − (5,505) 2,080 3,698 4,443 177 − 4,620 (1,820) (654) − (2,474) 2,623 2,146 1,892 706 (14) 2,584 (1,256) (248) 12 (1,492) 636 1,092 26,227 3,657 (14) 29,870 (10,943) (2,599) 12 (13,530) 15,284 16,340 Land and buildings Computers and communi− cation Office equipment Vehicles Total Cost 31 December 2020 Additions Disposals 31 December 2021 Accumulated depreciation and impairment 31 December 2020 Depreciation charge Disposals and write−offs 31 December 2021 Net book value 31 December 2020 31 December 2021 13,664 582 (786) 13,460 (3,271) (522) 278 (3,515) 10,393 9,945 5,851 581 − 6,432 (3,635) (717) − (4,352) 2,216 2,080 4,120 323 − 4,443 (1,202) (618) − (1,820) 2,918 2,623 1,647 276 (31) 1,892 (1,103) (184) 31 (1,256) 544 636 25,282 1,762 (817) 26,227 (9,211) (2,041) 309 (10,943) 16,071 15,284 The Company’s buildings with the carrying value of GEL 731 (2021: GEL 800) are pledged as a collateral for the loans obtained from Georgian banks (Note 13).
10.

Income tax The corporate income tax expense comprises: Current tax charge Deferred tax charge − origination and reversal of temporary differences Income tax expense 2022 (8,838) (1,316) (10,154) 2021 (6,745) (739) (7,484) 20 Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC Notes to 2022 financial statements (Thousands of Georgian Lari) 10.

Income tax (continued) The effective income tax rate differs from the statutory income tax rates.
A reconciliation of the income tax expense based on statutory rates with actual is as follows: Profit before tax Statutory tax rate Theoretical income tax expense at the statutory rate Tax exempt income Non−deductible expenditures Effect of change in income tax legislation Income tax expense 2022 2021 62,556 15% (9,383) 88 (54) (805) (10,154) 48,761 15% (7,314) 138 (82) (226) (7,484) In 2016, an amendment to the current corporate taxation model applicable to financial institutions, including banks and insurance businesses, became effective.
The change implied a zero corporate tax rate on retained earnings and a 15% corporate tax rate on distributed earnings starting from 1 January 2023 (as amended in 2018).

In December 2022, further amendments to the Georgian tax law in respect of corporate income tax for finance sector became enacted.
The amendments became effective from 1 January 2023 and under the new regulation, corporate income tax will be 20% for banks, credit unions, microfinance organizations (such as the Company) and lending entities.

As the amendments were enacted the existing corporate tax rate for microfinance organizations will be increased from 15% to 20% from 2023 going forward.
In addition, with effect from 2023, taxable interest income and deductible expected credit losses on loans to customers (ECL) will be defined per IFRS, instead of the NBG regulations.

Transition differences in ECL will be taxed one−off at 15%.

The amended law lacks clarification in treatment of transition differences in interest income.

The management considers it reasonable that approach similar to ECL on transition is applicable on interest income and calculates deferred tax respectively.
As a result of amendments in the tax regulations the Company recognized income tax expense resulting from revision of its deferred tax position in net amount of GEL 805 in profit or loss for the year ended 31 December 2022 (2021: tax expense of GEL 226 related to temporary differences expiring on or after 1 January 2023 and in respect of which no deferred tax was recognized).
Deferred tax assets and liabilities as of 31 December and their movements for the respective years comprise: Origination and reversal of temporary differences In profit or loss 1 January 2021 6 127 327 871 26 612 1,969 (612) 1,357 (192) (1,748) (839) (604) − (2,026) 2 (6) (273) 181 640 − 544 − 544 104 188 (1,436) (139) − (739) Origination and reversal of temporary differences In profit or loss (6) (14) (54) (44) (437) − (555) − (555) (852) 379 234 (424) (96) (1,316) 2021 8 121 54 1,052 666 612 2,513 (612) 1,901 (88) (1,560) (2,275) (743) − (2,765) Tax effect of deductible temporary differences Intangible assets Promissory notes issued Derivative financial liabilities Lease liability Other liabilities Other assets Deferred tax asset Unrecognized deferred tax asset Deferred tax asset, net Tax effect of taxable temporary differences Property and equipment Loans to customers Inventories Right−of−use assets Derivative financial assets Deferred tax liability 2022 2 107 − 1,008 229 612 1,958 (612) 1,346 (940) (1,181) (2,042) (1,168) (96) (4,081) 21 Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC Notes to 2022 financial statements (Thousands of Georgian Lari) 10.
Income tax (continued) Unrecognized deferred tax asset relates to a written−off receivable in respect of the which the Company does not consider probable to obtain documentary evidence supporting tax deduction prior to expiration of respective statutory deduction claim period.

11.
11.

Other assets Other assets comprise: Other financial assets Receivables from money transfer companies Other non−financial assets Gold bullions Repossessed jewellery Other Total other assets 2022 2021 5,039 5,039 8,344 1,860 1,268 11,472 16,511 5,447 5,447 14,448 878 2,069 17,395 22,842 Expected credit losses on receivables from money transfer companies are insignificant as at 31 December 2022 and 2021.

12.
12.

Promissory notes issued As of 31 December 2022 and 2021, the Company had issued short−term (mainly 1 year) interest−bearing promissory notes denominated in GEL, EUR and USD: Currencies USD GEL EUR 2022 90,941 24,322 − 115,263 2021 101,953 18,597 898 121,448 Interest rates on promissory notes range from 11% to 13% in GEL and from 3% to 5% in USD.

13.
Borrowed funds The Company’s borrowed funds comprised of the following as at 31 December 2022 and 2021: Borrowings from local commercial banks Borrowings from related party 2022 130,581 2,363 132,944 2021 91,988 3,456 95,444 As at 31 December 2022, the Company obtained borrowings denominated in GEL from Georgian commercial banks with interest rates from 12% to 14% (2021: from 11% to 13%), both fixed rate and linked to the Tbilisi Interbank Rate (TIBR) and NBG refinancing rate, in total amount of GEL 130,581 (2021: 91,988).
The Company has GEL−denominated borrowing with an amount of GEL 2,363 (2021: GEL 3,456) from an entity controlled by key management personnel with fixed interest rate of 13.5% and maturity in December 2024.

22 Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC Notes to 2022 financial statements (Thousands of Georgian Lari) 13.
Borrowed funds (continued) As at 31 December 2022, the borrowings from local commercial banks with carrying value of GEL 98,200 (2021: GEL 28,000) are secured by loans to customer with carrying value of GEL 152,002 (2021: GEL 57,200) (Note 7).

The Company’s buildings with the carrying value of GEL 731 (2021: GEL 800) are pledged as collateral for the loan obtained from a Georgian bank (Note 9).
In addition, related party (entity controlled by key management personnel) provided buildings as collateral for GEL 12,000 (2021: 2,902) loan obtained from a Georgian bank.

14.

Other liabilities Other liabilities consisted of the following: Other financial liabilities Payables and security deposits related to money transfer activities Other non−financial liabilities Tax payables other than income tax Other Total other liabilities 15.
Equity 2022 2021 12,950 12,950 369 1,914 2,283 15,233 2,860 2,860 332 1,373 1,705 4,565 Charter capital represents the nominal amount of capital in the founding documentation of the Company and is subject to state registration.

As at 31 December 2022 and 2021, charter capital of the Company amounted to GEL 1,584.

Dividends In accordance with Georgian legislation the Company can distribute dividends from its annual or semi−annual profits.
In 2022, the Company declared and fully paid GEL 2,166 (2021: GEL 11,195) dividends to the shareholder.

16.

Commitments and contingencies Legal In the ordinary course of business, the Company is subject to legal actions and complaints.

The Company was not part of any material litigation as at 31 December 2022 and 2021.
Management believes that the ultimate liability, if any, arising from such actions or complaints will not have a material adverse effect on the financial condition or the results of future operations of the Company.

23 Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC Notes to 2022 financial statements (Thousands of Georgian Lari) 17.
Commission income from money transfers and commission expenses Commission income from money transfers comprise: Inbound transfers Outbound transfers Commission expenses Net commission income 2022 2021 8,322 1,206 9,528 (1,047) 8,481 6,090 1,114 7,204 − 7,204 Main geographies for inbound transfers include Russia, Germany and Italy.

Commission expenses amounting to GEL 1,047 (2021: nil) represent commission paid to a related party for money transfers made by customers to the Company via payment terminals.
18.

Gain from sale of repossessed gold and other income Gain from sale of repossessed gold and other income comprises: Gain from sale and revaluation of repossessed gold Gain from disposal of property and equipment Other 19.
Other general and administrative expenses Other general and administrative expenses comprise: Communication and utility Repair and maintenance of property and equipment Security cost Office equipment and stationery Legal and consulting cost Impairment of other assets Occupancy and rent Advertisement cost Operating taxes Bank commission Representative expenses Business trip expense Other expenses 2022 2021 198 2 58 258 1,892 98 375 2,365 2022 2021 1,666 1,417 668 420 293 − 113 165 158 105 78 69 474 5,626 1,265 767 540 376 314 283 253 231 157 91 15 76 752 5,120 24 Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC Notes to 2022 financial statements (Thousands of Georgian Lari) 20.
Risk management Introduction Risk is inherent in the Company’s activities, but it is managed through a process of ongoing identification, measurement and monitoring.

This process of risk management is critical to the Company’s continuing profitability.

Top management is responsible for and is directly involved in most of the risk management activities.
The Supervisory Board of the Company takes appropriate risk management decisions (that cover both financial risks described below, and business risks such as changes in the environment, technology and industry) on its regular meetings that are conducted at least twice a month.

Formalized risk management process is currently being developed.

The Company is exposed mostly to credit risk, liquidity risk and foreign exchange risk.

It is also subject to operational risks.


Credit risk Credit risk is the risk that one party to a financial instrument will cause a financial loss for the other party by failing to discharge an obligation.

The Company’s maximum exposure to credit risk equals the carrying value of its cash and due from credit institutions (other than cash on hand), loans issued, receivables and derivative financial assets.

Credit risks associated with Lombard loans is mainly managed by requesting collaterals for the loans.
In addition the Company limits and monitors the amount of Lombard loans granted to one borrower (maximum GEL 100 thousand) and there are no individual borrowers with significant balance in relation to the total Lombard loans balance.

For mortgage loans the requesting person first fills the loan application which is discussed and analysed by the credit department of the Company.
If the application is accepted as eligible by the credit department, then the face−to−face interview with the customer is conducted by the Company’s director and the chairman of the supervisory board.
If the Company’s director and the chairman of the supervisory board conclude that the credit risk for this client is at acceptable level then the property subject to mortgage is assessed and the mortgage loan is issued in the amount not exceeding 30% of the property’s liquidation value, which is the estimated amount which can be received selling the asset more quickly than it would be for unforced sale to independent willing buyer.
For a Lombard loan, if the borrower fails to pay for more than 30 days the Company sends official warning letter to the customer and if the borrower still fails to pay amount due for 60 days (which the Company therefore determined to be a default criterion for lombard loans in accordance with its credit risk management practice), then the Company repossesses the collateral.
For mortgage loans, the official warning letter is sent if the borrower fails to pay for more than 15 days and the letter is also published in a newspaper.

If the borrower fails to pay amounts due on time the Company’s personnel contacts the client via phone call or SMS and request to cover the amount.

Normally, the Company goes to court requesting sale of collateralized immovable property only when the loan is more than 120 days overdue.
Though there are some cases, when the Company tries to re−negotiate loan terms with client to avoid selling mortgaged property.

Normally, the courts satisfy the Company’s request and the assets are sold to cover the amount owed by borrower to the Company, but often penalties are not covered.

Court dealings may take about a year and the enforcement process may take three more months.
Expected credit loss for other financial assets except for loans to customers is estimated as immaterial mostly due to short period of exposure to credit risk.

The effect of collateral and other risk mitigation techniques is shown in Note 7.

25 Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC Notes to 2022 financial statements (Thousands of Georgian Lari) 20.
Risk management (continued) Credit risk (continued) Impairment assessment The Company calculates ECL based on several probability−weighted scenarios to measure the expected cash shortfalls, discounted at an approximation to the EIR.

A cash shortfall is the difference between the cash flows that are due to an entity in accordance with the contract and the cash flows that the entity expects to receive.
The mechanics of the ECL calculations are outlined below and the key elements are as follows: The Probability of Default is an estimate of the likelihood of default over a given time horizon.

A default may only happen at a certain time over the assessed period, if the facility has not been previously derecognised and is still in the portfolio.
The Exposure at Default is an estimate of the exposure at a future default date, taking into account expected changes in the exposure after the reporting date, including repayments of principal and interest, whether scheduled by contract or otherwise, expected drawdowns on committed facilities, and accrued interest from missed payments.

The Loss Given Default is an estimate of the loss arising in the case where a default occurs at a given time.
It is based on the difference between the contractual cash flows due and those that the lender would expect to receive, including from the realisation of any collateral.

It is usually expressed as a percentage of the EAD.
PD EAD LGD The ECL allowance is based on the credit losses expected to arise over the life of the asset (the lifetime expected credit loss or LTECL), unless there has been no significant increase in credit risk since origination, in which case, the allowance is based on the 12 months’ expected credit loss (12mECL).

The 12mECL is the portion of LTECL that represent the ECLs that result from default events on a financial instrument that are possible within the 12 months after the reporting date.
Both LTECL and 12mECL are calculated on either an individual basis or a collective basis, depending on the nature of the underlying portfolio of financial instruments.

The Company has established a policy to perform an assessment, at the end of each reporting period, of whether a financial instrument’s credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition, by considering the change in the risk of default occurring over the remaining life of the financial instrument.
Based on the above process, the Company groups its loans into Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3 and POCI, as described below: When loans are first recognized, the Company recognizes an allowance based on 12mECL.

Stage 1 loans also include facilities where the credit risk has improved and the loan has been reclassified from Stage 2.

When a loan has shown a significant increase in credit risk since origination, the Company records an allowance for the LTECL.
Stage 2 loans also include facilities, where the credit risk has improved and the loan has been reclassified from Stage 3.

Loans considered credit−impaired.

The Company records an allowance for the LTECL.

Purchased or originated credit impaired (POCI) assets are financial assets that are credit impaired on initial recognition.

POCI assets are recorded at fair value at original recognition and interest revenue is subsequently recognized based on a credit−adjusted EIR.
ECL are only recognized or released to the extent that there is a subsequent change in the lifetime expected credit losses.

Stage 1: Stage 2: Stage 3: POCI: PD estimation process PD is estimated through macro model, which describes relationship between historical PDs for Lombard and mortgage portfolios and macroeconomic variables such as real GDP growth and XAU/GEL exchange rate.

Based on estimation results and predicted macro variables provided by the NBG PDs are forecasted.
The model is re−estimated annually, and other macroeconomic variables are incorporated if they improve explanatory power of the model.
In case the historical default statistics is not considered fully representative of the credit quality of the loan portfolio (for example, due to the effects of Government−initiated grace periods or low number of default observations), the management might apply, based on their professional judgment, overlay adjustment to those historical statistics in order to arrive to PD estimates the management considers to be the best estimate of probability of default as at the reporting date.
26 Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC Notes to 2022 financial statements (Thousands of Georgian Lari) 20.

Risk management (continued) Credit risk (continued) Exposure at default The exposure at default (EAD) represents the gross carrying amount of the financial instruments subject to the impairment calculation.

To calculate the EAD for a Stage 1 loan, the Company assesses the possible default events within 12 months for the calculation of the 12mECL.
For Stage 2, Stage 3 and POCI financial assets, the exposure at default is considered for events over the lifetime of the instruments.

The Company determines EADs as current gross carrying value of the financial asset.

The effect of expected prepayments is deemed to be immaterial considering relatively short term structure of the outstanding loan portfolio as at the reporting date.

Loss given default LGD values are reassessed regularly.
The credit risk assessment is based on a standardised LGD assessment framework that results in a certain LGD rate.

These LGD rates take into account the expected EAD in comparison to the amount expected to be recovered or realised from any collateral held.

The Company has 2 portfolio segments – Lombard and mortgage loans.
For mortgage loans, the Company historically collected loss data and statistically calculated LGD based on historical loan recovery data and takes into account historical losses incurred on unsecured exposures.

For Lombard loans, LGD was estimated with reference to fair values of gold collateral held as at the reporting date or, where appropriate, to their average values for the reporting period.
Where appropriate, further recent data and forward−looking economic scenarios are used in order to determine the IFRS 9 LGD rate for Lombard portfolio, such as forecasted gold prices.

When assessing forward−looking information, the expectation is based on multiple scenarios, which are revised regularly For mortgage portfolio, incorporation of forward−looking information is deemed to have immaterial effect on LGD.
Significant increase in credit risk The Company continuously monitors all assets subject to ECLs.

In order to determine whether an instrument or a portfolio of instruments is subject to 12mECL or LTECL, the Company assesses whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition.

The Company considers an exposure to have significantly increased in credit risk when the overdue days exceeds 30.
The Company also applies a secondary qualitative method for triggering a significant increase in credit risk for an asset, such as the account becoming restructured due to credit event (but excluding restructurings arising from Government−initiated grace period programs).

The Company assesses ECLs on its loan portfolio only on a collective basis as all of the Company’s loans are considered individually insignificant.
The Company identifies groups of loans that share similar credit risk profile based on product (Lombard and mortgage), currency (GEL or foreign currency), and number of overdue days.
Definition of default The Company considers a financial instrument defaulted and therefore Stage 3 (credit−impaired) for ECL calculations in all cases when the borrower becomes 90 days past due on its contractual payments (60 days for lombard loans, consistent with Company’s credit risk management practice that assumes repossession of collateral after 60 days delinquency period).

27 Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC Notes to 2022 financial statements (Thousands of Georgian Lari) 20.
Risk management (continued) Credit risk (continued) Forward−looking information and multiple economic scenarios In its ECL models, the Company relies on a broad range of forward−looking information as economic inputs, such as: ► ► ► GDP growth; Foreign exchange rates; Gold price.

The inputs and models used for calculating ECLs may not always capture all characteristics of the market at the date of the financial statements.
The Company obtains the forward−looking information, except for gold price, from the NBG.

Forward−looking gold prices are determined with reference to publicly available forecasts and historical volatilities and observations of gold price.

The tables below show the values of the forward−looking economic variables/assumptions used in each of the economic scenarios for the ECL calculations.
Key drivers As at 31 December 2022 GDP growth, % ECL scenario Assigned probabilities,% 2023 2024 USD/GEL exchange rate change Gold (XUA) price, USD per tr oz Key drivers As at 31 December 2021 GDP growth, % USD/GEL exchange rate change Gold (XUA) price, USD per tr oz Upside Base case Downside Upside Base case Downside Upside Base case 1 Base case 2 Downside 1 Downside 2 ECL scenario Upside Base case Downside Upside Base case Downside Upside Base case 1 Base case 2 Downside 1 Downside 2 25% 50% 25% 25% 50% 25% 9% 50% 18% 15% 9% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% −2.0% 0.0% 15.0% 5.4% −5.7% 1.2% −1.7% −5.2% 5.0% 5.5% 4.0% 0.0% 0.0% −5.0% 5.4% −9.6% 0.0% 0.0% −5.2% Assigned probabilities, % 2022 2023 25% 50% 25% 25% 50% 25% 9% 50% 18% 9% 15% 5.0% 5.0% 2.0% −4.0% 0.0% 10.0% 5.2% −2.7% 1.6% −5.2% −1.6% 5.0% 4.0% 4.0% −2.0% 0.0% −2.0% 5.2% −1.1% 0.0% −5.2% 0.0% As at 31 December 2022 and 2021, the management performed gold price forecasts in light of significant volatility of gold prices observed in 2021−2022, by adding additional downside scenario that assumes return of gold prices to the levels observed as at 31 December 2019.
28 Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC Notes to 2022 financial statements (Thousands of Georgian Lari) 20.
Risk management (continued) Credit risk (continued) Credit quality per class of financial assets The table below shows the credit quality of loans to customers: 31 December 2022 Loans to customers Note 7 − Lombard loans − Mortgage loans Total 31 December 2021 Loans to customers Note 7 − Lombard loans − Mortgage loans Total Past due 0−30 Past due 30−60 Past due 60−90 Past due more than 90 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 406,863 6,384 − 413,247 10,200 3,163 − 13,363 426,610 − 984 − 984 − 20 − 20 1,004 − − 1,281 1,281 − 2 − 2 1,283 − − 929 929 − − 73 73 1,002 Past due 0−30 Past due 30−60 Past due 60−90 Past due more than 90 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 334,878 6,296 − 341,174 15,271 4,198 − 19,469 360,643 − 2,562 − 2,562 − 11 − 11 2,573 − − 2,160 2,160 − − − 2,160 − − 2,060 2,060 − − 14 14 2,074 Total 406,863 7,368 2,210 416,441 10,200 3,185 73 13,458 429,899 Total 334,878 8,858 4,220 347,956 15,271 4,209 14 19,494 367,450 The Company does not have internal credit rating system to evaluate credit quality of mortgage loans to customers, and manages credit risk based on information about overdue days.
For Lombard portfolio, in addition to overdue information, the Company evaluates credit quality based on loan−to−value (LTV) ratio range as at 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021: As at 31 December 2022 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total As at 31 December 2021 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total 0.5> 7,753 70 1 7,824 0.5−0.8 33,254 598 7 33,859 0.8−1 144,657 476 30 145,163 1−1.05 27,126 99 15 27,240 1.05−1.1 51,962 114 18 52,094 1.1−1.2 126,387 357 63 126,807 1.2< 15,724 5,654 2,076 23,454 Total 406,863 7,368 2,210 416,441 0.5> 16,167 244 33 16,444 0.5−0.8 55,131 1,271 211 56,613 0.8−1 250,027 2,459 1,942 254,428 1−1.05 10,092 880 1,149 12,121 1.05−1.1 1,086 577 491 2,154 1.1−1.2 882 1,165 104 2,151 1.2< 1,493 2,262 290 4,045 Total 334,878 8,858 4,220 347,956 See Note 7 for more detailed information with respect to the expected credit losses on loans to customers.
29 Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC Notes to 2022 financial statements (Thousands of Georgian Lari) 20.

Risk management (continued) Liquidity risk and funding management Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will be unable to meet its payment obligations when they fall due under normal and stress circumstances.
To limit this risk, management has arranged diversified funding sources in addition to funding base represented by promissory notes, manages assets with liquidity in mind, and monitors future cash flows and liquidity on a daily basis.

This incorporates an assessment of expected cash flows and the availability of high grade collateral which could be used to secure additional funding if required.
Analysis of financial liabilities by remaining contractual maturities The tables below summarize the maturity profile of the Company’s financial liabilities at 31 December based on contractual undiscounted repayment obligations.

Repayments which are subject to notice are treated as if notice were to be given immediately.
However, the Company expects that it will be able to refinance or roll−over repayment on the earliest date the Company could be required to pay and the table does not reflect the expected cash flows indicated by the Company’s promissory notes refinancing history.
31 December 2022 Borrowed funds Promissory notes Lease liability Other financial liabilities Total undiscounted financial liabilities Up to 1 month 1 to 3 months 3 months to 1 year 1 to 5 years Over 5 years 60,515 7,595 216 12,950 36,683 11,665 431 − 37,934 99,909 1,940 − 81,276 48,779 139,783 923 − 4,232 − 5,155 − − 93 − 93 Up to 1 month 1 to 3 months 3 months to 1 year 1 to 5 years Over 5 years 31 December 2021 Borrowed funds Promissory notes Derivative financial liabilities (notional amounts) Lease liability Other financial liabilities Total undiscounted financial liabilities 2,806 8,790 81,753 140 2,860 34,003 23,413 11,045 427 − 60,424 92,783 − 1,981 − 96,349 68,888 155,188 2,753 − − 6,597 − 9,350 Total 136,055 119,169 6,912 12,950 275,086 Total 99,986 124,986 92,798 9,325 2,860 − − 180 − 180 329,955 Subsequent to the reporting date, the Company issued GEL 130,000 3 year bonds which were used to refinance its existing borrowed funds (Note 26).
Market risk Currency risk Foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities give rise to foreign exchange exposure.

The management controls currency risk by issuing loans and obtaining funding in the same currencies, and entering into foreign currency derivative transactions.

Included in the next tables are the Company’s financial assets and financial liabilities at carrying amounts, categorized by currency (presented in GEL equivalents).
30 Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC Notes to 2022 financial statements (Thousands of Georgian Lari) 20.
Risk management (continued) Market risk (continued) The following table shows the foreign currency exposure structure of financial assets and liabilities: 31 December 2022 GEL USD EUR Other Total Cash and cash equivalents Loans to customers Other financial assets Total assets Promissory notes issued Borrowed funds Lease liability Other financial liabilities Total liabilities The effect of derivatives held for risk management Net position after derivatives held for risk management purposes 79,392 412,129 − 491,521 (24,322) (132,944) (3,323) − (160,589) 17,138 17,579 5,039 39,756 (90,941) − (1,716) (11,004) (103,661) 11,324 191 − 11,515 − − − (1,946) (1,946) (137,961) 128,687 10,099 1,676 − 1,676 − − − − − − 109,530 429,899 5,039 544,468 (115,263) (132,944) (5,039) (12,950) (266,196) 825 192,971 64,782 19,668 1,676 279,097 31 December 2021 GEL USD EUR Other Total Cash and cash equivalents Amounts due from credit institutions Loans to customers Other financial assets Total assets Promissory notes issued Borrowed funds Lease liability Other financial liabilities Total liabilities The effect of derivatives held for risk management Net position after derivatives held for risk management purposes Exchange rate sensitivity analysis 35,750 − 340,086 (16) 375,820 (18,559) (95,444) (4,965) (63) (119,031) 16,368 1,549 27,041 2,685 47,643 (101,953) − (2,049) (782) (104,784) 12,537 − 323 2,186 15,046 (936) − (2,022) (2,958) (82,126) 71,607 10,161 5,268 − − 592 5,860 − − − 7 7 − 69,923 1,549 367,450 5,447 444,369 (121,448) (95,444) (7,014) (2,860) (226,766) (358) 174,663 14,466 22,249 5,867 217,245 A weakening of the GEL, as indicated below, against the USD and EUR at 31 December 2022 and 2021 would have increased (decreased) profit or loss by the amounts shown below.
This analysis is on pre−tax basis and is based on foreign currency exchange rate variances that the Company considered to be reasonably possible at the end of the reporting period.

The analysis assumes that all other variables, in particular interest rates, remain constant.
Currency USD EUR 2022 2021 Change in currency rate in % Change in currency rate in % Change in currency rate in % Effect on profit 13%/(6%) 18%/(7%) 8,404/(3,879) 3,390/(1,318) 14%/(6%) 15%/(7%) 2,025/(868) 3,338/(1,558) 31 Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC Notes to 2022 financial statements (Thousands of Georgian Lari) 20.
Risk management (continued) Interest rate risk Interest rate risk arises from the possibility that changes in interest rates will affect future cash flows of financial instruments.

The sensitivity of the statement of profit or loss is the effect of the assumed changes in interest rates on the interest expense for one year on floating rate financial liabilities linked to the TIBR/NBG refinancing rate as at 31 December.
The table reflects liabilities that are exposed to fluctuation in interest rate risk as of 31 December 2022 and 2021: Borrowed funds Interest rate sensitivity analysis 2022 110,015 2021 61,859 The following table demonstrates the sensitivity to a reasonable possible change in the floating interest rates, with all other variables held constant, of the Company’s profit or loss and equity (before tax).
2022 2021 Change in TIBR/NBG refinancing rate, basis points Effect on profit and equity before tax Change in TIBR/NBG refinancing rate, basis points Effect on profit and equity before tax 100/(100) 1,100/(1,100) 100/(100) 619/(619) Operational risk Operational risk is the risk of loss arising from systems failure, human error, fraud or external events.

When controls fail to perform, operational risks can cause damage to reputation, have legal or regulatory implications, or lead to financial loss.
The Company mitigates operational risk mostly by direct involvement of top management in Company’s processes and operations, including assess, authorization and reconciliation procedures.

32 Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC Notes to 2022 financial statements (Thousands of Georgian Lari) 21.

Maturity analysis of assets and liabilities The table below shows an analysis of assets and liabilities according to when they are expected to be recovered or settled.
See Note 20 “Risk management” for the Company’s contractual undiscounted repayment obligations.
Cash and cash equivalents Amounts due from credit institutions Loans to customers Property and equipment Right−of−use assets Intangible assets Derivative financial assets Other assets Total Derivative financial liabilities Promissory notes issued Current income tax liabilities Borrowed funds Lease liability Deferred income tax liability Other liabilities Total Within one year 109,530 − 415,571 − − − 825 16,511 542,437 − 115,263 2,093 130,581 1,944 − 15,233 265,114 2022 More than one year Total Within one year 2021 More than one year Total − 109,530 69,923 − 69,923 − 10,278 16,340 5,667 475 − − 32,760 − − − 2,363 3,095 3,314 − 8,772 − 425,849 16,340 5,667 475 825 16,511 575,197 − 115,263 2,093 132,944 5,039 3,314 15,233 273,886 1,549 346,006 − − − 22,842 440,320 358 121,448 1,095 93,002 1,744 1,435 4,565 223,647 − 20,412 15,284 6,829 154 − 42,679 − − − 2,442 5,270 1,330 − 9,042 1,549 366,418 15,284 6,829 154 22,842 482,999 358 121,448 1,095 95,444 7,014 2,765 4,565 232,689 Net 277,323 23,988 301,311 216,673 33,637 250,310 The table above does not reflect historical pattern of loans to customers and promissory notes issued prolongations, roll−over and refinancing.
22.

Fair value measurements Fair value measurement procedures The estimates of fair value are intended to approximate the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

However, given the uncertainties and the use of subjective judgment, the fair value should not be interpreted as being realizable in an immediate sale of the assets or transfer of liabilities.
The Company’s financial department determines the policies and procedures for fair value measurement for Company’s assets including derivatives.

The estimated fair values of all financial assets and liabilities are calculated using discounted cash flow techniques based on estimated future cash flows and discount rates for similar instruments at the reporting date.
As at 31 December 2022 and 2021, the Company does not have any financial instruments, other than loans to customers and lease liabilities, for which fair value is based on valuation techniques involving the use of significant non−market observable inputs.

33 Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC Notes to 2022 financial statements (Thousands of Georgian Lari) 22.
Fair value measurements (continued) Fair value hierarchy The Company measures fair values using the following fair value hierarchy that reflects the significance of the inputs used in making the measurements: ► ► ► Level 1: quoted market price (unadjusted) in an active market for an identical instrument.

Level 2: inputs other than quotes prices included within Level 1 that are observable either directly (i.e., as prices) or indirectly (i.e., derived from prices).
This category includes instruments valued using: quoted market prices in active markets for similar instruments; quoted prices for similar instruments in markets that are considered less than active; or other valuation techniques where all significant inputs are directly or indirectly observable from market data.

Level 3: inputs that are unobservable.


This category includes all instruments where the valuation technique includes inputs not based on observable data and the unobservable inputs have a significant effect on the instrument’s valuation.

This category includes instruments that are valued based on quoted prices for similar instruments where significant unobservable adjustments or assumptions are required to reflect differences between the instruments.
The tables below analyses financial instruments value at 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021, by the level in the fair value hierarchy into which the fair value measurement is categorized.
The amounts are based on the values recognized in the statement of financial position: At 31 December 2022 Assets and liabilities measured at fair value Derivative financial assets Assets and liabilities for which fair values are disclosed Cash and cash equivalents Loans to customers Other financial assets Promissory notes issued Borrowings Lease liability Other financial liabilities At 31 December 2021 Assets and liabilities measured at fair value Derivative financial liabilities Assets and liabilities for which fair values are disclosed Cash and cash equivalents Amounts due from credit institutions Loans to customers Other financial assets Promissory notes issued Borrowings Lease liability Other financial liabilities Quoted prices in active markets (Level 1) Fair value measurement using Significant observable inputs (Level 2) Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) − 825 − 50,948 − − − − − − 58,582 − 5,039 111,607 132,944 − 12,950 − 426,060 − − − 4,859 − Quoted prices in active markets (Level 1) Fair value measurement using Significant observable inputs (Level 2) Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) − 358 − 45,021 − − − − − − − 24,902 1,549 − 5,447 118,312 95,444 − 2,860 − − 367,846 − − 7,171 − 34 Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC Notes to 2022 financial statements (Thousands of Georgian Lari) 22.
Fair value measurements (continued) Fair value of financial assets and liabilities not carried at fair value Set out below is a comparison by class of the carrying amounts and fair values of the Company’s financial instruments that are not carried at fair value in the statement of financial position.

The table does not include the fair values of non−financial assets and non−financial liabilities.
2022 Fair value Carrying value Unrecog− nised gain/(loss) Carrying value 2021 Fair value Unrecog− nised gain/(loss) 109,530 109,530 − 69,923 69,923 − 425,849 5,039 − 426,060 5,039 − 211 − 1,549 366,416 5,447 1,549 367,846 5,447 115,263 132,944 5,039 12,950 111,607 132,944 4,859 12,950 121,448 95,444 7,014 2,860 118,312 95,444 7,171 2,860 3,656 − 180 − 4,047 − − 1,430 − 3,136 − (157) − 4,409 Financial assets Cash and cash equivalents Amounts due from credit institutions Loans to customers Other financial assets Financial liabilities Promissory notes issued Borrowed funds Lease liability Other financial liabilities Total unrecognised change in fair value Valuation techniques and assumptions The following describes the methodologies and assumptions used to determine fair values for those financial instruments which are not already recorded at fair value in the financial statements.
Assets for which fair value approximates carrying value For financial assets and financial liabilities that are liquid, due on demand or having a short term maturity (less than three months), as well as for floating rate assets and liabilities it is assumed that the carrying amounts approximate to their fair value.
Financial assets and financial liabilities carried at amortized cost The fair value of loans to customers, promissory notes issued, borrowed funds and lease liabilities is estimated by discounting future cash flows using rates currently available for debt on similar terms, credit risk and remaining maturities.

23.
23.

Related party disclosures In accordance with IAS 24 Related Party Disclosures, parties are considered to be related if one party has the ability to control the other party or exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial or operational decisions.

In considering each possible related party relationship, attention is directed to the substance of the relationship, not merely the legal form.
Related parties may enter into transactions which unrelated parties might not, and transactions between related parties may not be effected on the same terms, conditions and amounts as transactions between unrelated parties.

35 Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC Notes to 2022 financial statements (Thousands of Georgian Lari) 23.
Related party disclosures (continued) The outstanding balances of related party transactions are as follows: 2022 Key management personnel Other related parties Shareholder 2021 Key management personnel Shareholder − − − − − − 248 − − − (31) 217 253 − (50) 30 − 233 − − 83 112 117 108 (144) (173) 51 − 51 − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − 52 − 52 4,230 − − − (1,071) 3,159 4,265 − (1,874) 329 − 2,720 3,456 (1,084) 26 2,398 − − − − − − 48 − − 262 (62) 248 54 − (74) 10 262 252 − − Other related parties 125 101 63 78 (58) (109) 83 − 83 − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − 117 (1) 116 3,282 1,747 − 39 (838) 4,230 2,987 1,747 (894) 386 39 4,265 4,329 (908) 35 3,456 Loans outstanding at 1 January, gross Loans issued during the year Loan repayments during the year Loans outstanding at 31 December, gross Less: expected credit losses as at 31 December Loans outstanding at 31 December, net Right−of−use assets outstanding at 1 January Right−of−use assets addition during the year Other movements Modification effect Less: depreciation charge for the year Right−of−use outstanding at 31 December Lease liability as at 1 January Additions Payments of lease liability Interest expense and other movements Modification effect Lease liability as at 31 December Borrowings at 1 January Repayment of principal and interest Interest expense and other movements Borrowings at 31 December Promissory notes at 1 January Promissory notes issued during the year Promissory notes repaid during the year Other movements Promissory notes at 31 December 7,403 9,743 852 950 10,476 1,477 14,242 28,580 2,177 7,417 52,438 2,447 (13,482) (162) (27,971) (30) 1,978 (3,593) (858) (106) (52,269) (902) (2,579) (493) 8,001 10,322 1,414 7,403 9,743 852 Other related parties are mostly represented by close family members of key management personnel and the shareholder and the entities controlled by the key management personnel.
36 Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC Notes to 2022 financial statements (Thousands of Georgian Lari) 23.
Related party disclosures (continued) The income and expense arising from related party transactions are as follows: Shareholder Interest income on loans Interest expense on promissory notes Interest expense on borrowings Interest expense on lease liabilities Commission expense Commission income from money transfers − (777) − (30) − − For the year ended 31 December 2022 Key management personnel 5 (1,161) − − − − Other related parties 4 (43) (387) (329) (1,047) 675 2021 Key management personnel 8 (1,516) − − − − Other related parties 7 (59) (451) (402) − 653 Shareholder − (313) − (10) − − Compensation of key management personnel comprised of the following: Salaries and other short−term benefits 2022 2,216 2021 1,792 Transactions with shareholder also include dividend payments (as disclosed in Note 15), as well as immaterial acquisition of other assets in 2022 and 2021.
24.

Capital management The Company maintains an actively managed capital base to cover risks inherent in the business.

The adequacy of the Company’s capital is monitored using, among other measures, the ratios established by the NBG in supervising the Company.

As at 31 December 2022 and 2021, the Company complied in full with all its externally imposed capital requirements.
The primary objectives of the Company’s capital management are to ensure that the Company complies with externally imposed capital requirements and that the Company maintains healthy capital ratios in order to support its business and to maximize shareholders’ value.

NBG capital adequacy ratio The NBG requires qualified credit institutions to maintain a gearing (equity to assets) ratio of 24% as of 31 December 2022 (2021: 24%).
The Company’s gearing ratio was as follows as at 31 December: Equity Assets Equity to assets ratio as 31 December 2022 300,544 575,197 2021 250,308 482,997 52% 52% 37 Qualified Credit Institution MFO Rico Express LLC Notes to 2022 financial statements (Thousands of Georgian Lari) 25.
Changes in liabilities arising from financing activities and other non−cash movements Carrying amount at 31 December 2020 Proceeds from issue Payment of principal Change in accrued interest Foreign currency translation Carrying amount at 31 December 2021 Proceeds from issue Payment of principal Change in accrued interest Foreign currency translation Carrying amount at 31 December 2022 Promissory notes issued* Borrowed funds Total liabilities from financing activities 112,590 − 14,758 (37) (5,863) 121,448 6,385 − (272) (12,298) 115,263 113,584 140,300 (158,411) (29) − 95,444 164,000 (126,668) 168 − 132,944 226,174 140,300 (143,653) (66) (5,863) 216,892 170,385 (126,668) (104) (12,298) 248,207 * Proceeds from issue and payments of principal on promissory notes are presented on a net basis as their turnover is quick, the amounts are large, and the maturities are short.
26.

Subsequent events In March 2023, the Company issued and listed on Georgian Stock Exchange 3 year GEL−denominated bonds with nominal value of GEL130,000 and coupon rate of TIBR+2% The proceeds from issuance were applied to refinance existing borrowings of the Company from local commercial banks.

38