Source document: https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1698060529217.pdf (Liberia)
Letters We agree with the suggestion from Christmann et al that nutritional intake may be considered as a covariate for neu- rodevelopmental outcome.

Randomized trials have demon- strated conflicting effects of early additional parenteral nutri- tion on head circumference,2,3 and other trials are ongoing.4 However, we caution that nutritional intake has the potential to be both a confounder and intermediate.
For example, the administration or escalation of parenteral or enteral nutrition may be slower in infants with higher illness severity.

Mar- ginal structural models may therefore represent an ideal ana- lytical approach when adjusting for nutritional intake.

1.

Robins JM, Hernán MA, Brumback B.

Marginal structural models and causal inference in epidemiology.

Epidemiology.

2000;11(5):550-560.

2.

Morgan C, McGowan P, Herwitker S, Hart AE, Turner MA.
Postnatal head growth in preterm infants: a randomized controlled parenteral nutrition study.

Pediatrics.

2014;133(1):e120-e128.

3.

Uthaya S, Liu X, Babalis D, et al.

Nutritional evaluation and optimisation in neonates: a randomized, double-blind controlled trial of amino acid regimen and intravenous lipid composition in preterm parenteral nutrition.

Am J Clin Nutr.

2016;103(6):1443-1452.

4.

Bloomfield FH, Crowther CA, Harding JE, Conlon CA, Jiang Y, Cormack BE.
The ProVIDe study: the impact of protein intravenous nutrition on development in extremely low birthweight babies.

BMC Pediatr.

2015;15:100.
Dany E. Weisz, MD, MSc Lucia Mirea, PhD Prakesh S. Shah, MD, MSc Author Affiliations: Department of Newborn and Developmental Pediatrics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Weisz); Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Weisz, Shah); Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona (Mirea); Department of Pediatrics, Mt Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Shah); Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Shah).
Corresponding Author: Dany E. Weisz, MD, MSc, Department of Newborn and Developmental Paediatrics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Ave, M4-230, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada (dany.weisz @sunnybrook.ca).

Published Online: August 28, 2017. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.2615 Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.
CORRECTION Addition of Open Access, Funding/Support, and Role of Funder/Sponsor Information: In the Original Investigation titled “Child and Adolescent Health From 1990 to 2015: Findings From the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2015 Study,”1 published in the June issue of JAMA Pediatrics, CC-BY Open Access, Funding/Support, and Role of Funder/Sponsor paragraphs were added to the Article Information section.
The following Open Access paragraph was added: “Open Access: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY License.” The following Funding/Support paragraph was added: “The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation received funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.” The following Role of Funder/Sponsor paragraph was added: “The BMGF has no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; prepara- tion, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manu- script for publication.” This article was corrected online.
1.

Global Burden of Disease Child and Adolescent Health Collaboration.

Child and adolescent health from 1990 to 2015: findings from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2015 Study.

JAMA Pediatr.

2017;171(6):573-592. jamapediatrics.com (Reprinted) JAMA Pediatrics October 2017 Volume 171, Number 10 1019 © 2017 American Medical Association.

All rights reserved.

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