Source document: https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1698135654958.pdf (Malta)
IT-TLETTAX-IL LEĠIŻLATURA P.L.

623 Dokument imqiegħed fuq il-Mejda tal-Kamra tad-Deputati fis-Seduta Numru 41 tal-24 ta’ Ottubru 2017 mill-Onor.

Clayton Bartolo, MP.

___________________________ Raymond Scicluna Skrivan tal-Kamra WVRLD EC )NOMIC F DRUM .
COMMITTED TO IMPROVING THE STATE OF THE WORLD Insight Report The Global Competitiveness Report 2017-2018 Klaus Schwab, World Economic Forum Malta The Global Competitiveness Index 2017-2018 edition Key indicators, 2016 Population millions GOP US$ billions Performance overview 37th/137 W,ORLD EC(jlNOMIC F~ Source: tntematloMI Monetary fund: World Economic OLrtlool< Database (April20i 7) 0.4 GOP per capita US$ 11.0 GOP (PPP) %world GDP 25,214.3 0.01 Index Component Rarik/137 Score (1-7) Trend Dlslai"I<Xl from bes\ Edttlon 2018-17 2017-18 Global Competitiveness Index Subindex A: Basic requirements 37 29 4.6 5.4 471144 4_1 {148 471144 481140 40/138 37/137 ------•- I Score 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.6 1st pillar: Institutions 12th p\llar: Innovation 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 11th pillar: BuslnMs sophistication 10th pl!
!ar: Market size 9th pillar: Technological readiness 3rd pillar: Macroo<:onornlc envlronmen\ 4th pillar: Health and primary education 5th pillar: Higher education and training 8th pltlar·, Financial market development 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 7th pHiar: Labor market efficiency • Malta Europe and North America ·~" !ttl1 pillar: Technological readii'!~ -(~ 1 ()th pillar: Market size Subindex C: Innovation and sophistication factors 22 119 34 5.9 2.7 4.2 ---,-_--1 -.-,-; -.-=;-~+"1 Most problematic factors for doing business source: World Econom~ Forum, Executtve Opinion s~.
;rvey20I7 14.6 Inefficient gove~~me~t_b.~~~,~~cr~c~ 12.4 .

!.~.~-~-~.?.!.

:':.~~--~-P~?-~ ..

~-?..

!-~-~-?.~-~~~".

~~adequate supply of l~fr~~~~~~~-ww•"'1,:_~~ Access to financing 11.7 inadequ8't"eTy-e<~UCat;;dWor~kf7rC6~~---------·1 1:2 s.s Poorworkeihic-~,n~natJOnatTabor-,orceo... 7.9 Corruption ReS!rictiVeTabOr feQU1:3tionS"~-wo-.--r ------··m-----~~ Tax rateS-~~·~-----··~- -· "-~-~~~ ~~~~-~~"-"N--w~~--~-~-•m •--• 3.7 Tax regulations -··--------.... - ......... .
Polley instability 3.0 Gov·ern·mer£instabiii·tY;cou·p·s·... 2. s ~?ie-~~-~:-§T~~~!~~~~~~~:===-----2~~ Inflation POOr PUbf1C h831th --·~·~~ 0.

7 - o.1 0.0 Note: From the list of factors, respondents to the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select the five most problematic factors tor doing business ln their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5.

The score corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
12 16 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail Index COmponent litY~W;~'~S~§~~~~-;:"?

:--, 1.01 Property rights ·1:.o2.

lni~-IOOtU_ai prOP~-rtY.

prOt~tiOn .

1.

()~- olvers!o~_Ot publi"o _iun~s- .

1:04 ·Pubfi;; truSt'hl ixliit1~1ans -i_:-05 iri89Uiar·pay_t;1~r1iS anCi.

"bribes 1.oo JuCiici~-~ndePendenCe · · -- t:.~o?- F~v-;;rtil~ -~~ -d~i~?~;_:o{ g_o~~~_n_rrle_ri~_ ~ffi-d8fS "' -~:oo 'E:tiideilc"y of 9oYe~nmerit Spending - .

.

.... ·i :oo· BUrden-Oi'ciOVe:~~mantre;iulaiion· _-_· --~~1i~f!
!912!J212U29.a[ir~e_Wo_~ _In -~~_lin?

-~~~E~t~_s_" M • • • -~--.

1.11 E.fficl_ency of_ le:;:!~_l ___ lrat!J~o_rk __ ln ch_a)_len_Qlng ,_r,~ulation_s ;:;·2 Tr~n~arency ~~goVernment PQJJcymakiti9 .. · ····· ·· ·· ;·:~s·s;_;~ine;s·;;;;~i~--d·t~ITorism --·--- --· ··---·-·· ;·:·14 'BUsJiiess OOsts-01 Criine anct-'Yioience --i·.:;~-or~~~r;~·.

?rt.me:m, ... ~-·" -~- --~- ·---~ -- · 1. io Ri:;H;miiliY 'at "pOt iCe services ·;~·1·;, ~EthiC8J ~t;h~v;~·r ;;rfirms ·" · · · 1.
1e -~~renQth of _aU~itiriQ--an~ .r€0P?rttng stand_ ai-d~ 1: ... 1!~- _Efit~ac_~ ~i ~Orpoiti\e·_~ards ·.--.

: .... _ .. · .. _ .. · 1:2·o·P-rOiectiCin't;'i rTtino-rit,.

stiarehQider'iintere~i~ · ·,-:21"Strer19th'O!

~-nvestor p·r-~i-;rtl~n--~;·o·;~~~i - --.'"

c~--~-;---c"-c--.-.-.

---"' -- -·- -·-- -,"".

'-'·-- ---------- ++:·trntpil!~_r:·,nrr~~~uct~~~; 2.01 _Quality of_ overall infrastructure_ "2:?2"_§U~ifY-~t'r0_~~-~- "'· ...... - - .

--~~~~~--" 2.0.0 Quality of railroad Infrastructure ~~--~~-~ti.?!
.. R?

..

~lcit~if~i?_!i'ji~.--.

--- ~---~--- ---- __ ?

:.

'!5 .9U~!tY.

... CJf .. ~ir tran.~.~- i~f-~as!~g~ur~ 2.06 Available airline seat kilometers miHionsfweek "2~0-tOUaiitY ~leiecl'rl'dt}iSJ·pp·ty "" .• " .. - .. -· -~ - .

_i.'~.

~Obl_l~ei!Uia~ t'elePhOri_e __ sl¥sc_ri,P~ons 11oo_~.

· · 2:og·fiX~~tet"e·phO·ne-ITr1Bs--ltOO.

po~: - - ----- .. r-.

------_--_ .... ,.

__ .

---- .... _ ,.


_,_-:·.·--=--' ~~:~_-,:l'r_~ P,m~r_:~~~~~-~~~~~;~~rr_~~:~-;- 3.ot Government budget balance % GDP · ~§2_~~-r.~--~~~~~!~n-~---~0~t1Q~:~~;~G9.rh·------~-· 3.03 Inflation annual% change 3:04 c;ov-;;;;;m~r,'i'd~bt .

.

;tGor .. 3.iis CoUntry credii fatii1g o-wD (~sl) -----·-- b -4th pi liar: Health and primary education 4.01 Malaria incidence caw•t1co,ooo pop.

_ 4:2~- ~~!r!~~--(~£~~~-~-n:~aii2 · .

--.


__ _ 4.03 Tuberculosis lnctdenoe otlso$1100,000 pop, · _4.·04· Bu"~;;e·ss·l_m.pfiet-Oi'i~-b_irCUIOsiS ___ --- .4;;5~ r1IV~prev~ence_ % ~~~ ~p·.~ · ·· .i.oo Bu~l~e~~_)m_pact~f HIV/AJDS ·:.
:or· i!llant .. m~rt811iY' -d~Jit;~;1,ooo -li~ birth~ 4:oa ·uie ~Xpectancy .. --~~r; .......... · ...... : · --- · · .. -4.-09 oUaJiiY Or ·~;rrm~t)r~;;dU~atl~r;· ~ ·· 4.10 Primary eduo_atiCii -en-rOiltnent rate ~e\% ''"'"""~~---- -~--~--- Rank/137 ···:;:·§38_ 33 30 42 74 43 --~?L ... _89_ 65 ......... 42 25 39 18 "20~ Vlllue nend 5.1 5.0 4.1 2.9 -.

;,:7 1-_4_ 2.8 4.0 _.;;.;;..

:;;;" 3 .7 - -- ~:,9_--~ .. 5,5 ··.:.:.:.;.:;.:.

: 5.5 - - -s:T-- "' asse~.

5 .

3 - - 22 19 om~•?• '"' "~"1.~:?


4.9 124.8 ,.......,....._ 54.2 ~- 71 ,_!53__ "*2]__~- -~:?-6 __........ 28.1 ~:;.

;:;;- .....:..=.

0.9 59.4 ~· 32 1 85 ··~···"'~"'·····':1·.·~··· ~~'·,2··.

''~~·- 11 n/a r1ia 27 27 1 6.6 s.l.

6.7 8,8 6.5 -~-- ·-o:f· .

?.&..- 5.1 ..../""-.._ 81.9 5.5 98.4 ........_.

·_:....;.

; ~!~1!!~~~~!!J~~~~~~~~~~~~I:--~?_!

;$~:~~~i;j~Ftf~;~~I;-~~ -- ,;:oz-rerliafY"edUCatiOn--enrOIIOl~-n'i'rat·e -~;~&$·;;.-- - ·47:4 _;..-; .

~:~ .... 9~.8:!.i_!Y.

.. o_i_ !b_~--~-~~-~_1_(0.


'[1 "~-y~_e!

!i_ -- ,_,_, --- 5.0 --. '

.

o,04 _ _1?ualtty of m~th _and_s_cl_e_nce_pducatl?n 5.1 ·;;;o~ ~~-~ty-?i m~~ement ·seho?·~~-~ ·- · ~-----~--~ 4.9 o.oc Internet access In schools 5.5 , 5~0w7T~;JaVaJiiibllilY-Oi;p;xi~.lii~ trruning serYTceS _, 5.3 s:oa EXtei1tCistari-iraiiiir19------ ... --- .......................... ------ 4.5 .... _61' 19 20 33 21 26 35 -- -.
~~~--~--~ Index COmponent =-- ~;~ ~ti=-~ijaar:~~9od;.~rk~-~~i;n_~- ~-o~ lnte:r_osity __ of _1~.!

?

?m~.t~-~~~ o.o~ EJctent of market dominance .. ~:~3 ___ E~~~i_v_~ne_:m -~!__B:n_ti:rn_On~;)o_IX .P?n?y .

s.o4 Effect of taxation on incentlves to Invest 6.05 ... TOt8:t"iBXr;;:t~ ;-.--p;;l;;;· ... ---~~~--~9:~~i:E-~~~u-~~~---~~--~i~.

~~ ~~~i:~~i~: _ 6.07 Tlme to start a business days ::s:2.~:~~~:ri_q~fi09£0l0:Yi~~~-· __ .

'.·.· .'
'.·.· .'

..... " 6.09 Preval~?e __ (Jf_ n?n~tarlff barriers 6.10 Trade tartffs %duty · _6:; _;_~:.-~r~_v~~-~~---ol t;;ieiQ~--o~~er~hip --~--:--~?

.. ~u-~ __ ry_~~!.rl1~~(~r!~-~~sDx.9.!

.-.

6, i~ __ Bur?en of ?u.

:;tom.~ .. p_rocedur_es _ 6,14 Imports %GOP ·6-.ts~oegree OT~UstOm~r ~-ri~~~~~ro;; · ;;:·16.

·BUyer--OOPiliSil~airon - -- .......... .


Malta 2 37 42 16 93 104 110 26 "'12 6,2 4.2 4.1 -..._ ... ~.9--~ 43.8 :.._..:;.-- ··~~-~ 26.0"_~- .1:.4 5,2 6 "''"" -~:.1 5.1 35 5.4 20 -~rg·--~ .. t.~-~:~ .£ 4.7 -.......,...... 3.7 ...

;.;.;.;.::;.

; 46 ... ~;_:~~~:~:ij~f -~~_r_ma·~~:--~;;~;:c_-- 7:o1_i?Je>rerationin la!xJr·empl_oye_r relation~ ·l.o2 Fleixib·i-litY-~iw-~ge 'determln9.il~n · · · · 7 .CXtHirTn;;-aniflrlng~pr~;ii~-e~ -W-· .X:?

:l:.fl-~u_n~~-~-~ C().~!~ ~-~·3~-~-~-~~.!

'.rr:: -----· _ 7 .. '?5.


Eff_ec_t of taxation on incentives to work J:~-~-~}:' ..

~ll.d_!

;roc_:luE!~~l!t---~-"'"" -~ ........ .

7,07 Reliance on professional management 7 :os C.Oui1tt).

: caPacity to retain ta.leiit _-y~~:.~~nTrY~C-~Pa9·1_ty_ t;; __ ~B;~~Ti~_;h!

.

7.10 Female participation in the labor force raUo lo men ~-,~--~;f--p-~;~~-:::~i:~~~~~j~~J;~-~~~~~;~ 8,01.

Ava_i_lldbillty ot financla]_s_e_rv_lces_ -;,-_j2''Ait0rd3.billiY ~i finaitcial serviceS.
~0:F.fn~_c·r~\i-t~r~u_gh -~~~- ~u~ty~_·m~r~<et 8,04 Ease of access to loans ~~3}~i~~~-~~_ipifa(aV_~~~~i_ty_-_·-· e.oe Soundness of banks 8.07""Re9UiaiiO"r1· Of Se<:urttTe·;;;x~h3n9w~·;·-­ s.G.s L6gal "ri9hls irictex· ;:,:1c ib~i- ---- 4.0 5.2 5.8 ;.

..

:.::.

;; ... :" 24 19 53 17 17 42 33'"~--- 4.a·-~ 7:~ 4.9--_?

4.4 - - 4.5 ___ ~ 4 .6 - 0.64 4.4 4.9 4.7 4.6 ~ ... t 3.2 .. -.~L.

29 39 52 ··············~·~_11.__ ·--~;.§'" 5.4 '---- 28 106 2 ~ ... · ...

o,.
o,.

)'i"- 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9.1)1 Availability of latest technologies .

8.62" fim1-ieV~I iechMOtOgy· atisOrf)liOn 9:03 _ Ftii_;,Qd_tec:hnology_transfer "o;j4_ i_nternetUsers %pop ... - '9.05_ FiX~-:t;rOadban"d --~~·tem~t 's(JbSc'iiPtiOns -'teD >"!P· ·9.00 lnt~rn~t bandwidth kt/sAJoor -;·:Of~~~obit~~i,~~~~~1-~~~~~~£i!!

:;_~~}i00 ~?.

:~~----~m .. :~ 1Oth pillar: Market $lzEi '"io.oi-- oom.
;;SiiC·markel SiZ6-(ncte·x· 1o.G2: FOreign market size ln.de'x j~~ .. -9.~:~-.\.P.·~·~y_-:p~p~_$·~~~~; 10.84 Exports % GDP "" ·---- -·-,·-·-·,·---------.--.

____ ,-_________ ------ ~:..;Fi-~th pi(~f:'BuSi--~:~Phi~l~~i~~-- -- 1 '_.~ 1.

-~::??a!

.. :;uppl_i~~ _q_u~n_t_ity ,_·~1:?~ .. ~o9~L~~ep!le:.9~.~-lity 11.03 State of cluster development ...

!.
!.

!·?~ .. N~tur: _()I ~O~p(lllt~v~_ a9van.t_ag_e-- 11,05 Value chain breadth 1.; .oo --o;ntroi-o'Tirlie·mauonai-diSt~bUtion · ;:;_.o?~-P_r~~~t]On·processs<iPhiSITCaiion_--- 1 tos Extent of marketing ·;;:ofi· Wiri;ngn-~"iO"der~ate a:tJi'hOrit,: · _ ... 12ttfpiUar: lnriovatton 12..o1 _C~~c_)ty for lnnovaf1on ~12.02 OuaJiiy"Or ·sc~entiiiC~researchinStiiut~Ons j_2:9LCO~-p~-~~--~pen __ ~!~_go on:~-~-~:::.
-_-_ -----~--.. : _: 1_2:04 __ Unlverslty-industry e<JUatx:Jration ln_A&D _12_._o_s _13oVt _proC_ur8m_e~t of advancect_ t~hi1oloQ~ _Prod.ucts __ · · "12_.o~ .. A~~~a~(litY ~!

.OO.Ient!.~t:s_ ~ln'd_~9~0~~_rs_ · ·- · -~ ~ 12.07 PCT patents ap[Aioatlonstmllllon ~P- - 22 5.9 - 5.7 24 3t 5.1 - - 17 5.2 77.3 ~ 35 7 39.6 -,_..;::;;.-- ?

... 1 ,596:~- __/\_ 49 71.4 ~~- 119 125 85 124 4 '31 16 46 2,7 .

2.2' 4.0 17.3 130.8 --4.6: ~­ ·:.r 5.1 4:6 38 37 53 40 38 29 65 27 3.8 4 .7 - "4.
'1 3.8 ___.... 4.0 ~- ., ~-.8" 4.0 26,5 .

-_;:;;.

;- Note: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless Indicated otherwise.

Trend lines depict evolution In values since the 201 2·2013 edition {or earliest edition available).
For detailed definitions, sources, and periods, consult the lnteraotlve Economy Profiles and Aanklngs at http:l/gcr.weforum.org/ WVRLD EC )NOMIC F:>RUM COMMITTED TO lMPROVlNG THE STATE OF THE WORLD Insight Report The Global Competitiveness Report 2012-2013 Klaus Schwab, World Economic Forum 2.1: Country/Economy Profiles Malta Key indicators, 2011 Population (millions) ............. ............... .............. 0.4 GOP (US$ billions) ............................................ 8.9 GOP per capita (US$) ................................. 21 ,028 GOP (PPP) per capita (int'l $), 199G-2011 40,000 ~ Malta ~ Advanced economies GOP (PPP) as share(%) of world total.
........... 0.01 30.000 r--------------;:::;:~~'--------- 25.000 r-------;;;-c-0£"'-------------;:;;;;c~-.-o- 2o.ooo ~o;~..o-...=::....::..------0;::o;;o;;;;o-o ....... ' - - - - - - 15.ooo .......__....__..~.__..._.._......_....__~_....__.._.__..._.._ ............. _ _....__..~-'- 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 The Global Competitiveness Index Rank Score (1-7) (out ot 144) Stage of development GCI 2012-2013 ...................................................... 47 ..... 4.4 GCI2011-2012 (out of 142) ......................... ............ 51 ..... .4.3 GCI 201o-2011 (out of 139) .. .................. .. .. ............. 50 ...... 4.3 Basic requirements (20.0%) ....................................... 34 ...... 5.1 Institutions ........................................... ..................... 37 ..... .4.6 Infrastructure ............................................................ 34 ...... 4.9 Macroeconomic environment ................ ................... 71 ..... .4.6 Health and primary education ................ ................... 19 ...... 6.3 Efficiency enhancers (50.0%) ..................................... 40 ...... 4.5 Higher education and training ........ ....................... .... 35 .... .
.4.9 Goods market efficiency .......................................... 34 .. ... .4.6 Labor market efficiency ................. ........................... 92 ..... .4 .1 Factor driven Business sophistication Market size Financial market development ....................... ........... 15 ...... 5 .1 Technological readiness ............................................ 21 ...... 5.6 Technological readiness Market size ....... ................................................. ..... 125 ...... 2.4 Transition 1- 2 2 Transition 2-3 • Efficiency driven Institutions Innovation driven environment Health and primary education Higher education and training Innovation and sophistication factors (30.0%) .......... .46 ...... 3.9 Business sophist ication ........................................... 43 ...... 4.3 Innovation .......................... ....................................... 48 ...... 3.4 Labor market efficiency efficiency ~ Malta ~ Innovation-driven economies The most problematic factors for doing business Inefficient government bureaucracy .......................... ......... 18.1 Access to financing .................. .... ..................................... 13.3 Insufficient capacity to innovate ............................. .. .. ........ 10.0 Inadequate supply of infrastructure ..................................... 9.4 Tax rates ................................................................ .............. 7.9 Inflation ............. ................................................................... 7.2 Restrictive labor regulations ................................................. 6.8 Inadequately educated workforce ......................... ............... 6.4 Corruption ....... .................................................................... 5.3 Government instability/coups ..................... .... ................. ... .4.4 Policy instability ................................................................... 3.5 Poor work ethic in national labor force ............................. ... 3.5 Tax
 regulations ........... .......................... ....... ........................ 2.9 Foreign currency regulations ................................................ 1 .1 Crime and theft ..................................... .. ........ .................... 0.4 Poor public health ..................... ... ..... .. .. .. ............................ 0.0 --~ • 0 Percent of responses Note: From the list ol factors above, respondents were asked to select the live most problematic lor doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5.
The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.

250 1 The Global Competitiveness Report 2012-2013 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail 2.1: Country/C:conomy P~ofi'es Malta VALUE RANK/144 INDICATOR VALUE RANK/144 INDICATOR 1st pill"" Institutions 5.0. lntellectualpropertyprotection ... 4.7 ................ 4.1 .
21 1.01 Property rights .................................................... 5.6..... .35 1.02 ....... 43 1 .03 Diversion of public funds,, 1.04 Public trust In politicians ........................................ 3.2 ........... 49 Irregular payments and bribes ............................... 4.5, .......... 49 1.05 ..35 ·Loo Judicial independence.................... 1.07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials ...... 3.0 ........... 76 1.08 Wastefulness of government spending .................. 3.6 ........... 44 1.09 Burden of government regulat1on .......................... 3.0 ......... 104 I, 10 Efficiency of legal framework In settling disputes ... 3.9 ... 58 I ,i I Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs., , 3.7 ,,, ,., 68 ..... 57 1.12 Transparoocy of government p::Jiicymaking ... ,, ........ 4.4 1.13 Gov't services for Improved business perlormance 4.1 ............ 39 1.14 Business costs of terrorism .................................. 5.9 ........... 51 1.15 Business costs of crime and violence .................... 5.9 .. 14 i .16 Organized crime .................................................... 6.4 ........... 15 ....................... 5.0 ........... 42 1.17 Reliability of pollee services .... 42 1.18 Ethical behaviorofflrms ....................................... 4.5, ,, 5.8 ,,, .. ,,,,, 16 1.19 Strength of auditing and rep::Jrting standards 1.20 Efficacyofcorporateboards .... , ...... 4.4 ........... 84 1.21 Protection of minority shareholders' Interests ........ 5.2 ........... 17 i .22 Strength of Investor protection, Q--.10 (best)' .......... n/a, ......... n/a 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2.01 Quality of overall infrastructure ............................... 5.2 ........... 35 ....................... 3.1 .......... 105 2,02 Quality of roads 2.03 Quality of railroad infrastructure , .. n/appl ............ n/a 2.04 Quality of port infrastructure .................................. 5.
7 ........... 15 2.05 Qualtty of air transport Infrastructure ...................... 5.9 ........... 25 2.06 Available airline seat kms/week, millions* ,,.,,,.88 2.07 Quality of electricity supply , ........................... 4.8 ........... 72 2.08 Mobile telephone subscriptlons/100 pop.~ ........ 124.9 ........... 39 ,,8 2.09 Fixed telephone llnes/100 pop.
* .. 54.9 ,,,, ... 65.9, 3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3.01 Government budget balance,% GOP* ............... -3,0 .......... .72 .. ............... 9.3 ......... 127 3.02 Gross national savings,% GOP*.. .... 1 3.03 3.04 General government debt, % GOP*, i '16 ..... 31 3.05 Country credit rating, o-100 (best)*... Inflation, annual% change* ................................... 2.4 ............ 70,9.

.. ............ 73.3 4th pillar: Health and primary education , n/appl.
,, ,,, 1 4.01 Business impact of malaria.. 4.02 Malaria cases/1 00,000 pop!....

.. .............. (NE) ............. 1 4.03 Business Impact of tuberculosis ............................ 5.7 ........... 51 .. .. 12.0, 4.04 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.*..

...... 30 4.05 Business Impact of HIV/AIDS ......... .

..... 5.5 ........... 53 4.06 HIV prevalence, %adult pop.
* ............................... 0.1 ............ 12 ....... 5,2 ........ 32 4.07 .. .................. 80.9 ........... 13 4.08 Life expectancy, years*.. ..................... 5.3 ........... 17 4.09 Ot.Jaltty of primary education ....... 65 .. 93.8 4.10 Primary education enrollment, net%*, Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births• 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5.01 Secondary education enrollment, gross%* ....... 100.9 ............ 27 ... 71 5.02 Terliary education enrollment, gross%* ............... 35.3 5.03 Quality of the educallonal system ................ , .. , , 5.0 .......... 16 5.04 Quality of math and science education .................. 5.2 .... 15 ... 5.0 .......... 28 5,05 Qualrtyofmanagementschools 5.06 .18 ..5.9..... Internet access in schools............... ... 4.5 ........... 45 5.07 Availability of research and training services 5.08 Extent of staff training .......................................... , 4.1 ........... 50 , 5.8 6th pillar.
Goods market efficiency Intensity of local competition.. ........................ ,, 10 6,01 6.02 Extent of market dominance ................................. 3.8 ........... 60 ................ <!.6 ........... 36 6.03 Effectiveness of anti-monopJiy policy .3.7 ........... 53 6.04 Extent and effect of taxation.

6.05 Total tax rate,% profits• ......................... ... rJa .......... n/a ...... n/a 6.06 No.

procedures to start a business• ...................... nla .. ............ rJa .......... n/e.
6.07 No.

days to start a business*.. .. ............ 4.4 ........... 26 6.08 Agrlcu~ral policy costs.. .. , .. 5.2 ........... 18 6.09 Prevalenceoftradebartiers .. .. 6 6.10 Trade tariffs,% duty*..... .. ..... 0.9.

6.11 Prevalence of foreign ownership ............................ 4.7 ,, 70 6.12 Business IIT'pact of rules on FDI ........................... 5.4 ........... 16 .. ............... 4.9 ........... 26 6.13 Burden of customs procedures... ..... 98.4 ............. ?
Imports as a percentage of Gop• 6.14 6.15 Degree of customer orientation..... , 4.5 .......... 79 .. ....... 3.6 ........... 60 6.16 Buyer sophistication.................. 7th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7.0~ CooperaUon in labor-errployer relations ................. 4.8 ........... 33 7.02 Rexlblllty of wage determination., .......................... 4.9 ........... 83 .
... 3.6 ........... 92 7.03 Hiring and firing practices.. 7:04 Redundancycosts,weel<.sofsaJary*, ,rv'a ..... n/a, ..... 51 7.05 Pay and productlvtty ............................................ 4.2 7.06 Reliance on professional management .................. 4.0 ........... 88 7.07 Bralndraln.

.. ......... 4.1 .......... 37 7.08 Women in labor force, ratio to men• .. ...... 0.55 '" 123 8th pillar: Financial market development ..5,3, ..... , .... 34 8.01 Availabllityofflnanclalservices.
8.02 Affordability of financial services ............................. £1.9 ........... 32 8.03 Rnanclng through local equity market.. ................. 4.4 ........... 24 Easeofaccesstoloans.. .. 17 8.04 8,05 Vonture capital avallabilrty ............. , ........................ 3.

~ .... , , ..... 36 8.06 .

........................ 6.2 ........... 13 Soundness of banks.. ... 12 8.07 Regulation of securities exchanges ........... n/a .......... n1a 8.08 Legal rights index, 0-10 (be_Jt)* .
....... 3.9 .. 5.8 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9.01 Availability of latest technologies ............................ 6.2 , .......... 21 9.02 Arm-level technology absorption ....... 32 ..,5.2 ........ ,21 9.03 FDiandtechnologytransfer.. 9.04 ..69.2 ....... ,36 9.05 Broadband lntemet subscrlptlons/100 pop.

* ....... 30.0 ........... 15 lnt'llntemet bandwldth, kb/s per user*, .............. 47.8 ........... 32 9.06 .34 9,07 Mobile broadband subscrlptlons/~00 pop!
lndMduals using Internet,%*.................... ...................... 5.5 32.6... loth pillar.

Market size 10.01 Domestic marXet size Index, !-7 (best)* ............... 2,0, , 129 10.02 Foreign market size Index, 1-7 (best)' ................... 3.5 ......... 102 11th pillar.
Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity ......................................... 5.1 ............ 31 11.02 Local supplier quality ................ 4.7 .......... 54 l 1,03 stale of cluster developr:lent ................................ 3.6 .......... .73 ....................... 4.2 ........... 31 11.04 Nature of competitive advantage .. .. 43 ....... .4.0.
1 1 .05 Value chain breadth 1 i .06 Control of international distribution ..................... t.5 ........... 30 ................ 4.3 .......... 39 Production process sophistication 11.07 Extent of marketing.. .. .. ,,, 4.4 ......... ,.46 11.08 Willingness to delegate authority, .......................... 3.6 ........... 81 11.09 12th plllar.
Innovation .70 12.01 Cape.crtyforlnnovation I 2.02 Quality of sclentlfic research lnstl!utlons ..... 3.7 ........... 63 12.03 Co!T'pany spending on R&D ................................. 3.3 ........... 50 ..... 64 12.04 Universtty-lndustrycollaboratlontnR&D 12.05 Gov't procurement of advanced tech products ..... 3,9 ........... 44 12.06 Availability of scientists and engineers....... ,, .. 87 12.07 PCT patents, appllcations/mllllcn pop.

*, .............. 12.9 ........... 29 ........... 3.2.
.... 3.7 ,,,, 4,1 Notes: Values are on a 1-to·?

scale unless otherwise annotated with an as~erlsk (*).For furiher detalis and explanation, please refer to the sect:on 'How to Read the Country/EC(lnomy Profiles' on page 83.

The Globai Com~etalveness Report 2012-2013 I 251