Source document: https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1698135767415.pdf (Malta)
IT-TLETTAX-IL LEĠIŻLATURA P.L.

4019 Dokument imqiegħed fuq il-Mejda tal-Kamra tad-Deputati fis-Seduta Numru 266 tat-28 ta’ Ottubru 2019 mill-Onor.

Claudette Buttigieg, MP.

___________________________ Raymond Scicluna Skrivan tal-Kamra COM :MITrED TO IMPROVING THE STATE 01· THE WORLD Insight Report The Global Gender Gap Report 20 8 about 69% of their overall gender gaps.

However.

their underlying trends this year diverge significantly.
Eswatini narrows its gender gap on the Economic Participation and Opportunity subindex.

where it attains gender parity in professional and technical roles.

Lesotho and Madagascar both slip several ranks due to stagnant progress on wage equality, whHe Ghana sees a reversal of past prog~ss on gender parity in estimated earned income and legislators, senior oHiciafs and managers.

They are followed by Senegal {94}, whic.


'"l likewise widens its gender gap in legislators, senior officials and managers, and Liberia (96).

which rises several places due to progress in women's labour force participation and wage equality.

With about 66% of their overall gender gaps closed.

Mauritius (109).

Malawi (112), Sierra Leone (114), Guinea (116) and Ethiopia (117) are clustered around a similar score.

Out of this group.
Out of this group.

Mauritius is the only country recording progress this year, due to closing some of its gender gap on the Political Empowerment subindex.

Malawi and Guinea move down several places due to wider economic gender gaps, while Ethiopia's score remains virtually unchanged from last year.

Sierra Leone is a new addition to the index this year.
It is close lo achieving full gender parity with regard to labour force participation, primary education and healthy life expectancy, but tags when it comes io several other indicators.

Benin {118) narrows its gender gap in healthy life expectancy, whereas Gambia {120} records a widening gender gap on the Eoonomic Pa:"ticipation and Opportunity subindex.

Angola (125) registers a decrease in the share of women in partiament and wider gaps in education.
counterbalancing progress on Economic Participation and Opportunity as wen as healthy ~fe expectancy.

While Burkina Faso (129) moves down several ranks, COte d'lvoire (131} sees improvements in wage equality, women's labour force participation and healthy life expectancy.

Nigeria (133) continues last year's downward trend, falling several ranks this year.
White this is partially due to newly available data revealing a larger-than-before gender gap among legislators, senior officials and managers, the country also sees some reversal of past progress on Educational Atlainment and in healthy life expectancy.

It places ahead of the newly-ranked Togo {134), which records significant gender gaps across the Economic Participation and Opportunity, Educational Atlainment and Political Empowerment subindexes.
Mali (143}, Congo, DR (144) and Chad (145) complete this year's Sub-Saharan regional ra.'lkings.

with gender parity scores of about 58%.

Congo enters the ranking 6th to last.

with particularly tow parity across aft indicators on the Educational Attainment and Political Empowerment subindexes, while Chad.

the lowest-ranked country in the region, shows encouragingly better gender parity on the Economic Participation.

Educational Attainment and Political Empowerment subindexes.
but registers larger gender gaps on life expectancy indicators.

Westem Europe With an average overall gender gap of 24.2%.

Western Europe remains the highest-performing region in the Index in 2018. lt is home to four of the top frve countnes 1n the Index-Iceland, Norway, Sweden and Roland-highlighting the continued leadership of the Nordic countries with regard to gender parity outcomes.

However.

Westem Europe is also one of the regions with wide observed perfonnance variation.
At the bottom ranks of the region, three countries have a remaining gender gap of more than 30%: Greece.

Malta and Cyprus.

The difference in gender gap size between the highest-ranked and lowest-ranked countries in the region is about 3.4% for Educational Attainment and just over 1% for Health and Survival, with seven of the 20 countries fully closing their gender gaps on education indicators.
However, once again this year, no country in the region has managed to tully close Its Health and Survival gender gap.

As in other regions, gender parity levels in countries across Western Europe are particularly uneven with regard to the Economic Participation and Opportun1ty and Political Empowerment subindexes; there are, respectively, 20% and over 50% differences in gender gap s1ze between the region's best and worst performers.
Eleven of the region's 20 countries have achieved a gender parity level of at least 70% on Economic Participation and Opportunity, including two-Sweden and Norway-that have crossed the 80% mark.

On Political Empowerment, four countries have reached a gender parity level of more than 50%, and eight countries have closed between 30% and 50% of the r gender gaps {although eight countries have yet to close at !east 30% of their gender gaps on this subindex}.
Nine of the global Index top 20 performers on this subindex are from this region.

In terms of year-on-year progress, out of the 20 countries from the region covered by the Index this year, 14 have increased their overall scores compared to last year.

while six have recorded lower scores.


Iceland {1), Norway (2), Sweden (3) and Finland (4) defend their top-ranked positions in the Index on the back of their sustained progress on the Political Empowerment subindex and continued strong performance on the Economic Participation and Opportunity subindex.

However.

the Index's estimated earned Income scale reveals that in the Nordic countr'tes.
as elsewhere, additional efforts will continue to be needed to achieve full wage equality and fully close the gender gap in income.

tretand (9} like>Nise maintains its gtoba!

top 10 position, with a marked improvement in closing the gender gap in estimated earned income.
France (12) records some improvements this year particularly with regard to Political Empowerment, due to increased gender parity in the composition of the country's parliamentarians and a more narrow gender gap in women's estimated earned income.

However, France remains in the bottom half of the Economic Participation The Global Gender Gap Report 2018 27 MLTI1 'lGt d , bLI n o f '"" :r•tr;es hySCf re SCORE AT GLANCE KEY INDICATORS E~onomy GOP (US$ billions) CIJ ,g = - - - 0 a.. m Cl.
c:: g ~ :J GOP per capita {constant '11, sntl.

S. PPP) Total population (1 ,000s} Populatson growth rate (%) Population sex ratio (female/male) Human Capital Index score 100 12.54 36,513 429.36 0.32 0.99 66.13 Health e-.
M101ta s<;orq - ave~age xore Global Gender Gap score Economic participation and opportunity Educational attainment Health and survival Political empowerment ~ ~1& ranK 71 91 26 65 48 scor~ 0.652 0.510 0.998 0.974 0.126 rani< 91 106 1 114 81 score 0.686 0.614 1.000 0.969 0.159 COUNTRY SCORE CARD Economic participation and opporttR'Iity Labour force particspat10n Wage equality for similar wort (survey) Estimated earned Income (PPP, US$} Legrslators, senror officials and managers Professional and techntcal worters Educational attainment Lneracy rate Enrolment in pnmary education Enrolment in secondary education Enrolment in tertiary education Healtfl and survival ~x mto ut u;nt.
Healthy life expectancy Political empowerment Women in parliament 57.3 82.0 90 103 28.5 71 .5 42.7 55.7 0.753 0.329 0.586 l9.r.

:t9~ 106 a t02 - 0.669 48 - 0.645 106 - 0 .510 26,897 52,072 - 0.949 - 0.882 - 0 .978 - 0.939 114 - 0.955 114 - 0.921 0 .967 1.034 568 94.8 91.8 73.3 99.7 120 91.8 97.3 41.5 71.3 87.3 0.159 0.223 81 .... t"" rre t' ' f r. \' f'"r' I.
"II I 0<' 0.68 0.69 0.52 0.40 0 .75 1.03 1.03 1.05 1.37 0.94 1.03 122 0.136 0.284 11.9 88.1 0 .14 Women in ministerial positions 126 0.067 0.208 Years with female head of state Qast 50) 17 0.227 0.189 6.3 92 93.8 0.07 40.6 0.23 11g The Global Gender Gap Report 2018 ~ • 0.686/91 SELECTED CONTEXTUAL DATA MLT Workforce Participation female ma!e value Care female male value Noo-discrimlnation laws, hiring women Youth no!
In employment or education Ur>employed adults Di!lcooraged job seekers Workers in informal employment High-skilled share of labour force WofXers emp1Qyed part-U Contribuling family workers OWn-account workers Work, minules per day Proportion at unpaid WOf1< per day Economic Leadership l.aw •rn!rldat9$ t>q~~al pay Advancement of women Ia leadetsflip roles Boards of publicly traded companies Firms with femplo (co-)owners Firms with female top manager1> Employ ern R&D personnel YM 115 120 11.1 5.2 81.3 9.6 4.4 0.0 Length of P'V""t.alleave (days) Leogth of maternity/paternity leave (days) Wages paid duing matarnltytpatemlty leava Provider ot part!n!alleave beneflts 126.0 t.O 820 100.0 Prollider of matem~y/palernity leave benefits duai arnpl 12.5 12 3 28.9 112 1.02 2..58 Government supports or provide$ childcare Government provides c;IOlo:f ~owance 0.1 4.5 0.0 11 7 0.38 Education and Skills Out-of-school children Primary educa11on attainment.
adults Ptimary educa1ion attainment.

25-54 f~or.afl~ malo value Primary educatloo atlainrnent.

65+ ~s ' 0.66 Out-of-school yrJUth Secondary eduCation attainment.

adults Secondary education attainment.

2~54 Secondary education attainment, 6~ Tefloary education at!ainmon1, lldutts 1.6 0.0 Tefliary educabon attainment.

age 25-54 28.5 71 5 0 40 Tert ary education attainment.
age 65+ Pl10 graduates 0.2 98.5 2.7 0.09 992 0.99 100.0 100.0 1.00 100.0 100.0 1.00 ?.2 35.5 91.9 33.9 12.9 18.2 5.2 0.2 1?.1 38.4 92.2 49.0 0.42 0.92 1.00 0.69 13.7 0.94 18.8 0.98 7.9 04 0.66 039 Access to Assets female male value .ndlviduals using the illlemel 74.8 77.5 0.97 Hold an aCCOtint at a financial institutioo 95.6 97.1 0.98 Women's access to financial se<Vices lnhefllance rights for daughters Women's access to land usa.

cootrol and ownership Women's access Ia non-land assets use.
control and ownorship Graduates by Degree Type female Agri., Forestry, Fisheries and Veterinary 0.2 0.2 1.02 Arts and Humannie.s Business, Admin.

and law Education 14.0 27.8 145 11 .7 25.2 1.20 1.10 66 .2.20 Mean moolhly eami ngs (1,000s.

local curr.)

1.4 1.7 0.112 Engineertng, Manu!

and Coostruction 32 13.4 female male value lnfonna1jon and Comm TechnolOgies Haallh and We~are 1947 70 2 Natural Sci..
Mathematics and Statistics Services Social SCI • J o..n:-alism and Information 17.0 2.8 7.4 2.1 9.4 8.1 15.4 9.6 o.a 7.0 0 yes Ye$ ~~ e 0.24 2.09 0.18 0.76 2.s2 1.35 Political Leadership Year women received right to vole Years since any women received voting rights Number of female heads of state to dale Election list quO\BS for wo<nen.

netioo~J Election 'sr quotas for women.

1ocal Voluntary political party quotas Health yes Mortality.
childoen under age 5 Seats held in upper house 30.0 70.0 0.43 Mortaloty.

non-COITUTU.Olicabie diseases Family Average length of single hie Pmpottion married by age 25 Mean age of wome<1 at borth of first chold Average number of choldren per woman Womeo"s unmel demand for lamoly planning Potential 91.1pport ratio Total dependency ratio Parity of parental rights on marriage PaMy of parental rights afte< dovorce Mortality.
infectious and parasitic diseases female mate value Mortality, accidentallnjooes 28.0 30.3 O.B2 Mortality, intentional injuries.

self-harm 10.3 3.7 2.82 M~!!y.

r.Mdbirt!1 30 1.46 Legislation oo domestic violence Prevalence of gender violence In lifetime Law permits abortion to preserve a woman's physical healtt\ Births attended by skilled health personnel Antenatal care, at least four visns 1 Ag&-standafdzed death rates per 100,000 ~- 2 Data on a 0-to-1 scale I))= worst 9COAI, 1 = best !ICOn!)
The Global Gender Gap Report 2018 ferr;:J.I~ rnale value 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 '0.81 1.5 • 0.98 0.0 '0.99 01 • 0.44 0 .0 I 0.21 9 no 99.90