Source document: https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1698849367614.pdf (Singapore)
Parliamentary Elections (Amendment) Bill Bill No.

2/2023.

Read the first time on 6 February 2023.

A BILL i n t i t u l e d An Act to amend the Parliamentary Elections Act 1954 and to make consequential and related amendments to certain other Acts.

Be it enacted by the President with the advice and consent of the Parliament of Singapore, as follows: Short title and commencement 2 1.
This Act is the Parliamentary Elections (Amendment) Act 2023 and comes into operation on a date that the Minister appoints by notification in the Gazette.

5 Amendment of section 2 2.
Section 2 of the Parliamentary Elections Act 1954 (called in this Act the principal Act) is amended — (a) by inserting, immediately before the definition of “ballot box” in subsection (1), the following definition: 10 15 20 25 30 “ “access”, in relation to content, means to read, view, hear or otherwise encounter, experience the content, and includes — (a) access is that a precondition, such as the use of a password; subject to (b) access by way of push technology; (c) access by way of a standing request; and (d) access for a limited period of time only;”; (b) by inserting, immediately after the definition of “ballot display” in subsection (1), the following definitions: “ “banner” means any continuous piece of fabric or other flexible material, or one or more pieces of fabric or other flexible material joined into a continuous piece — (a) on which content is printed, written, drawn or depicted in such a way as to be in windless fully conditions; and legible 3 (b) that to is attached (by rope, wire or or any otherwise) structure or to any pole or flagstaff projecting vertically, horizontally or at an angle, building but not a banner carried during a procession; “billboard” means any of the following: (a) a hoarding, signboard or free-standing advertising structure on which content is printed, written, drawn, affixed or depicted in such a way as to be fully legible; (b) a sign or panel which — (i) has an electronically controlled or a digitally controlled (or both) display illuminated surface; and (ii) allows
 for different content to be shown, changed, animated or illuminated in different ways and at different intervals on that sign or panel; (c) a wall, or other ceiling like substantially flat and fixed surface, on which content is painted, written, drawn or depicted in such a way as to be fully legible; (d) a blimp, a gas-inflated balloon or other like object which is attached or anchored to the ground and upon which information or material is displayed, but not a poster, placard, picture, photograph or balloon carried during a procession; 4 Examples (a) A sky sign on or above the roof, parapet or eaves of a building.
(b) An animated billboard.

(c) A computer monitor, screen or digital display panel or similar appliance designed to be used primarily for the reception and display of any content capable of being received, or received (whether and displayed, as visual moving or still) with or without sound, from a broadcasting service.
images “by electronic means” means by using an electronic service;”; (c) by inserting, immediately after the definition of “contact address” in subsection (1), the following definitions: “ “content” means information or material — (a) whether in the form of text; (b) whether in the form of speech, music or other sounds; images (c) whether in the form of colours or visual or otherwise), pictorial or graphic form (for example, an anthropomorphic or a humanlike depiction); (animated (d) whether in any other form; or (e) whether in any combination of forms; “conveyance” means any aircraft, train, vehicle, vessel or other mode of transport, whether of passengers or goods or both;”; (d) by deleting the words “poster, banner, notice, circular, handbill, illustration, article, advertisement or other material” in the definition of “election advertising” in subsection (1) and substituting the words “information or material”; 5 (e) by deleting the words “such material” in the definition of “election advertising” in subsection (1) and substituting the words “such information or material”; (f) by deleting the words “, but excludes any button, badge, pen, pencil, balloon and any other thing prescribed by the Minister by notification in the Gazette” in the definition of “election advertising” in subsection (1); (g) by inserting, immediately after the definition of “election advertising” in subsection (1), the following definitions: regulations” means “ “election advertising regulations made under section 61R; “election meeting” has the meaning given by section 80A(4);”; (h) by inserting, immediately after the definition of “electoral division” in subsection (1), the following definitions: “ “electronic service” means — service (a) a service that allows end-users of the service to access content using a or broadcasting telecommunication for carrying messages or other content and (whether or and persons, persons and things); or between things persons service things (b) a service that delivers content having for
 to equipment persons appropriate that content, where the delivery of the service is by a broadcasting service or telecommunication service described in paragraph (a), receiving and includes a social media service (as defined in section 61S(1)); 6 “end-user”, in relation to an electronic service, means a person that, and whether or not in the course of business — (a) has access to content, or something which contains content, by means of the electronic service; or (b) communicates content, or something which contains content, by means of the electronic service; “entity” means — (a) a body corporate (including a limited liability partnership); (b) an unincorporated association; (c) a partnership; (d) a body politic; (e) a body of individuals who together form a body; or (f) a person other than an individual; “flag” means a continuous piece of fabric or other flexible material, or one or more pieces of fabric or other flexible material joined into a continuous piece — (a) on which content is printed, written, drawn or depicted in such a way as to be normally not legible in windless conditions; and (b) that is attached (by rope, wire or otherwise) flagstaff to a pole or projecting vertically, horizontally or at an angle, and includes a flag, bunting, ribbon or streamer of any colour or colours but not a 7 flag, bunting or streamer carried during a procession; “foreign entity” means an entity that — (a) is constituted or organised under a law of a foreign country, even if registered under any written law; or 5 (b) has its principal place of business in a foreign country, even if incorporated under any written law; “foreigner” means an individual who is not a citizen of Singapore;”; (i) by inserting, immediately after the definition of “general election” in subsection (1), the following definition: “ “grounds” means land in Singapore that has a boundary fence or another structure or feature to mark the boundary of the land;”; (j) by
 inserting, immediately after the definition of “Member” in subsection (1), the following definitions: “ “non-online election advertising” means election election is not online advertising that advertising; “nursing home” means any premises that are — (a) licensed as a private hospital under the Private Hospitals and Medical Clinics Act 1980; and (b) used or intended to be used for the reception of, and the provision of suffering or nursing for, persons convalescing from any sickness, injury or infirmity; “official sign” means a poster, banner or other notice for an election prepared by, or with the 10 15 20 25 30 8 authority of, the Returning Officer as required by or for the purposes of this Act; “online election advertising” means election advertising that is published in any way that renders the election advertising accessible from the Internet; “online location” means any website, webpage, chatroom or forum, or any other similar thing in electronic or digital form that is accessible from the Internet; “ordinary polling station” means a polling station under Singapore established in section 36A(1);”; (k) by deleting the definition of “polling station” in subsection (1) and substituting the following definitions: “ “polling station” means — (a) an ordinary polling station; (b) a special polling station; or (c) an overseas polling station; “postal voting papers” means — (a) a ballot paper designed and intended to be used exclusively for the postal voting method
 (called in this Act a postal ballot paper); and (b) an envelope designed and intended to be used exclusively to contain a postal ballot paper (called in this Act a return envelope); “postal voting period”, for an election in an electoral division, means the period — (a) starting the day immediately after the day of nomination at the election; and 9 (b) ending (and including) the eve of the polling day in Singapore at election; “poster” means any of the following: (a) any paper, plastic, corflute
 or other inflexible material on which content is printed, written, drawn or depicted in such a way as to be fully legible; (b) any text, any colours or visual images (animated or otherwise) or any pictorial or graphic form, which is projected on to any external surface of a building or structure by light or any other means; (c) any billboard, but not a placard carried during a procession;”; (l) by inserting, immediately after the definition of “public authority” in subsection (1), the following definitions: “ “public place” means — (a) any place in Singapore (open to the air or otherwise) to which members of the public have access as of right or implied by virtue of express or permission, whether on payment of a fee, and whether or not access to the place may be restricted at particular times or for particular purposes; or or not (b) a part of a place in Singapore that the occupier of the place allows members of the public to enter, but only while the place is ordinarily open to members of the public; 10 “publicly display”, for any content, means to the screen or project exhibit, display, content — (a) in a public place in order that another person may see the content; (b) in or on a conveyance (whether mobile or stationary) used for public passenger transport and which is in a public place in order that another person may see the content; or (c) in any place in a way so that anyone in a public place can see the content from inside the or firstmentioned place;”; outside (m) by inserting, immediately after the definition of “Revising Officer” in subsection (1), the following definitions: “ “special polling station” means a polling station under Singapore in established section 47A(1); “telecommunication service” has the meaning given by section 2 of the Telecommunications Act 1999; “third party”, in relation to an election in an electoral division, means a person who is none of the following: (a) a candidate at the election; (b) a political party
 with one or more candidates at the election; (c) an election agent of a candidate at the election; “traditional election advertising” means non-online election advertising in the form of a banner, flag or poster;”; and 11 (n) by inserting, immediately after subsection (2), the following subsections: “(3) Where any content is published by electronic means, the content is to be taken to be published in Singapore if — 5 (a) any person physically present in Singapore accesses or is capable of having access to the content, even if the content originates wholly outside Singapore or is published by a person outside Singapore or the origin of which cannot be determined; or (b) the content originates in Singapore, even if none of the persons capable of having access to the content is physically present in Singapore.
(4) In determining for the purposes of this Act whether a person is physically present in Singapore, it is to be assumed that the person will not falsify or conceal the person’s identity or location.
(5) Without limiting the definition of “content” in subsection (1) — (a) any content consisting of or including a hyperlink is taken to include the content accessed directly via the hyperlink; and (b) any content consisting of or including an image or item on which data is stored electronically is taken to include content accessed directly by means of the image or item.
(6) Without limiting the definition of “publish” in subsection (1) — (a) any non-online election advertising, and any other election advertising that is not published by electronic means, is taken to 10 15 20 25 30 12 be published in Singapore if it is left in such a position and in such circumstances as to indicate that it is intended to be available for collection by members of the public who are in a public place; (b) any content is taken to be published by electronic means by an end-user of an electronic service if the end-user causes the content to be accessible to, or forwards the content to, or shares the content with, any other the electronic service, on or by the electronic service; and end-users of end-user or (c) any content that was published before and by electronic means so as to be accessible from the Internet, is taken to be published again on each day that any subsequent step is taken on that day to amplify the access to the content from the Internet by persons physically present in Singapore.
(7) In this Act, any election advertising relates to an election in an electoral division if the election advertising contains an express or implicit reference to — (a) the election in the electoral division; (b) an individual who is a candidate at the election in the electoral division in his or her capacity as a candidate; (c) a political party, or the interests of a or more political candidates at the election in the electoral division; or party, with one (d) an issue submitted or otherwise before electors in the election.
13 (8) For the purposes of this Act, any postal voting paper or any ballot box used at an overseas polling station that is required by this Act to be received by the Returning Officer by a specified time is regarded as received only when it is actually received by the Returning Officer, or an authorised representative of the Returning Officer, in Singapore.”.

Amendment of section 5 3.


Section 5(1A) of the principal Act is amended by deleting the words “has resided in Singapore for an aggregate of 30 days during the period of 3 years immediately preceding the prescribed date” and substituting the words “keeps and maintains a contact address”.

Amendment of section 8 4.


Section 8 of the principal Act immediately after subsection (1), the following subsections: “(1A) The boundaries required by subsection (1) specified may be defined — is amended by inserting, to be (a) by metres, bounds and coordinates or any other different definition of boundaries; or (b) by one or more maps or images containing such details and with such markings as are sufficient to delineate the boundaries of each electoral division.
(1B) Where one or more maps or images are published in the notification under subsection (1), the Registration Officer must — (a) prepare and certify further maps on a scale larger than the published map or maps; (b) make the further maps available for free inspection by any member of the public at a reasonable hour on any day, and for sale at a reasonable cost; and (c) publish in the same notification, a notice containing particulars of the website at which the maps or images of the electoral division may be accessed free of 14 charge online, and the place at which the further maps or other images may be inspected, by the public.
(1C) A website is not accessible for subsection (1B)(c) if — the purposes of (a) access is subject to a precondition, such as the use of a password; (b) access is only by way of a request; or (c) access is for a limited period of time only.”.

Amendment of section 11 5.
Section 11 of the principal Act is amended — (a) by deleting the word “or” at the end of subsection (9B)(b)(ii); (b) by deleting the full-stop at the end of sub-paragraph (iii) of subsection (9B)(b) and substituting the word “; or”, and by following inserting sub-paragraph: immediately thereafter the “(iv) the claim is frivolous or vexatious.”; and (c) by inserting, immediately after the words “ground of the the words “unless the objection” in subsection (10), the objection is Registration Officer is satisfied that frivolous or vexatious, in which case the Registration Officer may overrule the objection without further inquiry into the objection”.
Amendment of section 13A 6.
Section 13A of the principal Act is amended — (a) by deleting the words “for that electoral division” in subsection (1); (b) by inserting, immediately after subsection (1), the following subsections: 15 “(1A) A person who is registered as an overseas elector for an electoral division may record his or her vote at a poll in a presidential election, or in an election in that electoral division, according to paragraph (a) or (b) as follows, but not both in respect of the same presidential election or same election: (a) by attending in person at a polling place in an ordinary polling station allotted to him or her under section 36A(1)(c); (b) by either — (i) the postal voting method prescribed under this Act but only if he or she is designated a postal voter; or (ii) in an overseas polling station allotted to him or her, but not if he or she is designated a postal voter, but not both in respect of presidential election or same election.
the same (1B) However, a person is not entitled to be an overseas elector for an electoral division in any year if he or she has not resided in Singapore for an aggregate of 30 days during the period of 3 years immediately preceding the date the person applies under subsection (1) to the Registration Officer to be registered as an overseas elector.”; (c) by deleting paragraphs (d) and (e) of subsection (2) and substituting the following paragraphs: “(d) a statement specifying his or her option either — (i) to record his or her vote at a poll in a presidential election and an election by attending in person at an overseas 16 polling station specified in the statement; or (ii) to record his or her vote at a poll in a presidential election and an election voting method postal by prescribed under this Act; and the (e) any other information as the Registration Officer considers necessary to determine whether the person — (i) is disqualified to have his or her name entered or retained in a register of electors; and (ii) is disqualified by subsection (1B) to be an overseas elector.”; (d) by deleting paragraph (a) of subsection (3) and substituting the following paragraphs: “(a) to change the overseas polling station under him or her allotted to subsection (3A)(a)(i); (aa) to his change in subsection to subsection (2)(d)(ii), and vice versa; or”; or her (2)(d)(i) option (e) by deleting paragraph (a) of subsection (3A) and substituting the following paragraph: “(a) in the case of an application made
 under subsection (1), register the applicant as an overseas elector and, in accordance with applicant’s under the subsection (2)(d), either — option (i) allot to the applicant an overseas polling station specified by the applicant in his or her option; or 17 (ii) designate the applicant as a postal voter, unless the applicant is disqualified by subsection (1B) to be an overseas elector;”; (f) by inserting, immediately after paragraph (b) of 5 subsection (3A), the following paragraph: “(ba) in
 the case of an application made under subsection (3)(aa) to change his or her the following in option, do one of applicant’s accordance the application: with (i) allot to the applicant an overseas polling station specified by the applicant in his or her application; (ii) designate the applicant as a postal voter;”; and (g) by deleting subsection (4) and substituting the following subsections: “(4) Any person — (a) whose name is entered in the certified register of electors in operation for an electoral division; (b) who is entitled to have his or her name so register of retained in that entered or electors; and (c) who is registered as an overseas elector, must be treated as registered as an overseas elector for that electoral division.
(4A) The registration of any person under this section as an overseas elector continues in operation until the happening of any of the following events, whichever first occurs: 10 15 20 25 30 18 (a) the person applies to cancel the person’s registration as an overseas elector and the Registration Officer cancels accordingly; (b) the person’s name is — electors (i) expunged or of removed from any under register (4), or under section 13(3) or read with (4) section 13(3) or section 17(2) when revising any register of electors; (ii) expunged from any register of electors under section 14(5); or (iii) expunged from any register of section 43(5) or the electors under under section Presidential Elections Act 1991; 26(5) of (c) when the registers of electors prepared under section 10(1) or (1A) are certified and the person’s name is not entered in or is omitted from every register of electors so prepared; (d) when the registers of electors revised under section 14 are certified and the person’s name is not entered or retained in or is omitted from every register of electors so revised; (e) when the registers of electors are prepared under section 10(1) or (1A) or revised the under section 14 for any year, Registration Officer cancels the person’s registration as an overseas elector upon the Registration Officer, after proper inquiry, satisfying himself or herself that the person has not resided in Singapore for an aggregate of 30 days during the period of 19 years 3 prescribed date of that year.
immediately preceding the (4B) Where a person’s registration as an overseas elector is cancelled by the Registration Officer under the Registration Officer has subsection (4A)(e), power to restore the person’s registration upon an application by the person to the Registration Officer for a reconsideration of the cancellation.
(4C) To avoid doubt, the registration of any person under this section as an overseas elector for an electoral division does not end or become cancelled just because a certified register of electors for the electoral division is superseded by the coming into operation of — (a) the next certified register relating to the same or any area within that electoral division following a notification under section 8 specifying the boundaries of electoral divisions; or (b) the composite register deemed the next certified register relating to the same or any division, area within following the any new electoral division or altering of any electoral the manner mentioned in section 20A(1)(a) or (b).”.
electoral creation of division that in Amendment of section 15 7.

Section 15(2) of the principal Act is amended by inserting, immediately after the words “other place or places”, the words “in or near the electoral division and at such overseas registration centres”.

Amendment of section 20 8.


Section 20 of the principal Act is amended by deleting subsection (1) and substituting the following subsections: 20 “(1) On the certification of a register under this Act, the Registration Officer must give notice in the Gazette that the register has been certified and that the register, or a copy of it, is open for inspection according to subsection (1A).
(1A) It is the duty of the Registration Officer to make open for inspection every certified register of electors at all reasonable hours of the day — (a) at the office of the Registration Officer; (b) at any other place or places in or near the electoral division to which the register relates and specified in the notice required by subsection (1); and (c) at the overseas registration centres specified in the notice required by subsection (1).”.

Amendment of section 27 9.


Section 27(2) of the principal Act is amended by deleting the word “name” in paragraph (a) and substituting the words “full name (as stated in the identity card of the person)”.

Amendment of section 27B 10.

Section 27B(2) of the principal Act is amended by deleting the word “name” in paragraph (a) and substituting the words “full name (as stated in the identity card of each of those persons)”.

Amendment of section 28 11.


Section 28 of the principal Act is amended by deleting subsection (4) and substituting the following subsection: “(4) Subject to subsection (4A), the sum deposited by any candidate under subsection (1) for an election in an electoral division must be returned to the candidate, as soon as practicable after the results of the election in that electoral division are published in the Gazette under section 33 or 51, as the case may be.”.
Amendment of section 34 21 12.

Section 34(6) of the principal Act is amended by inserting, in immediately after the words paragraph (c), the words “and special polling station”.

“overseas polling station” Amendment of section 34A 13.

Section 34A(6) of the principal Act is amended by inserting, in the words immediately after paragraph (c), the words “and special polling station”.

“overseas polling station” Amendment of section 36A 14.
Section 36A of the principal Act is amended — (a) by deleting paragraph (a) of subsection (1) and substituting the following paragraph: “(a) establish for the electoral division as many ordinary polling stations as are necessary for the poll — (i) within each polling district of the electoral division; and with electoral (ii) in a polling district of another a electoral division which has common the boundary division, firstmentioned but only if the Returning Officer is satisfied that doing so is conducive to the voting convenience of a large number of electors of the electoral division who that common boundary;”; reside near (b) by inserting, immediately after the words “within each” in subsection (1)(b), the word “ordinary”; (c) by deleting the words “(including overseas electors) to the polling in the subsection (1)(c) and substituting the words “registered division” electoral stations in 22 for the electoral division (including overseas electors) to the ordinary polling stations”; (d) by inserting, immediately after subsection (1), the following subsection: “(1A) A single ordinary polling station in a polling district of an electoral division may be established for the conduct of a poll in another electoral division only if the polling district has a common boundary with a polling district of the other electoral division.”; and (e) by inserting, immediately after subsection (3), the following subsection: “(4) Where an ordinary polling station or a special polling station is located in any grounds, the Returning Officer — (a) may designate — (i) an entrance to those grounds as a designated entrance to the polling station; and (ii) the routes that electors have to use to access the polling places within the polling station and the polling booths or other for voting in accordance with this Act, including paths, hallways and doorways; and facilities (b) if a designation under paragraph (a)(i) is indicate or cause to be made, must indicated by a presiding officer the designated entrance to those grounds by that official displaying entrance.”.
sign an at 23 Amendment of section 39 15.
Section 39 of the principal Act is amended — (a) by deleting subsection (1) and substituting the following subsection: “(1) Subject to subsection (1A) but without affecting section 7 (on plural voting), a person must not be admitted — 5 (a) to an ordinary polling station to vote in person at an election in any electoral the person is allotted division unless under section 36A(1)(c) to that ordinary polling station; (b) to an overseas polling station to vote in person at an election in any electoral division unless the person — (i) is registered as an overseas elector for that electoral division; (ii) is not designated under section 13A(3A) as a postal voter for that election; and (iii) is allotted under section 13A(3A) to that overseas polling station; or (c) to a special polling station to vote in person at an election in any electoral division allotted under unless section 47B(1) to that special polling station.”; the person is (b) by deleting the words “a polling station within that division” in subsection (1A) and substituting the words “an ordinary polling station or a special polling station”; (c) by deleting the words “the polling station in the division” in subsection (1A) and substituting the words “the ordinary polling station”; 10 15 20 25 30 24 (d) by deleting the words “in the division, and that” in subsection (1A) and substituting the words “, and that other”; (e) by deleting subsection (2A); and (f) by deleting the words “56C or 56DA,” in subsection (3).
Repeal of section 39A 16.

Section 39A of the principal Act is repealed.

Amendment of section 42 17.

Section 42(5) of the principal Act is amended by deleting the words “who is incapacitated by blindness or other physical cause from voting” and substituting the words “who, by reason of blindness or other physical disability, is unable to vote”.

5 10 Amendment of section 43 18.
Section 43 of the principal Act is amended by inserting, 15 immediately after subsection (1), the following subsections: “(1A) An elector who is allotted to a special polling station under section 47B(1) for the purposes of the poll in an electoral division and who — 20 25 (a) attends in person at a polling place in the special polling station to record his or her vote; or (b) has his or her vote taken by a mobile polling team, deployed at the special polling station, must be treated under this section as having recorded his or her vote at the election in the electoral division for which he or she is registered.
(1B) An overseas elector — (a) who is designated under section 13A(3A) as a postal voter for the purposes of the poll in a presidential election and an election in an electoral division; and 25 (b) who applies for postal voting papers to be issued to him or her during the postal voting period for that presidential election or election, must be treated under this section as having recorded his or her vote at that election for which he or she is registered.”.

5 New sections 47A, 47B and 47C 19.
The principal Act is amended by inserting, immediately after section 47, the following sections: “Special polling arrangements to meet voting needs of certain voters 47A.—(1) The Returning Officer may, for the purposes of the poll in an election in any electoral division — (a) establish all or part of a nursing home as a special polling station; and (b) authorise all or any of the following special polling arrangements to be provided to service the voting needs of electors who are in-patients or residents of the nursing home during the election period of the election by enabling them to record their votes there in that poll: (i) by establishing one or more polling places within the nursing home for those in-patients or residents to attend in person to record their votes; (ii) by deploying one or more mobile polling teams to visit those in-patients or residents to take the votes of those in-patients or residents, as the case may be.
(2) In determining whether to establish a special polling station under subsection (1) in a nursing home for the purposes of the poll in an election, the Returning Officer must have regard to whether there is or is likely to be, during the election period of the election, a significant number of electors who are in-patients or residents of the nursing home and who — 10 15 20 25 30 26 (a) are unable or likely to be unable to travel to the ordinary polling stations allotted to them respectively under section 36A(1) except with great difficulty; but (b) are able to vote at the nursing home by marking a ballot paper personally or in the manner allowed under section 42(5).
(3) In addition, the Returning Officer must have regard to the following factors in determining whether to authorise special polling arrangements by way of mobile polling to be made available under subsection (1)(b)(ii): (a) the number of electors who are in-patients or residents of the nursing home with any physical condition, serious illness or infirmity that will preclude the electors’ attendance in person at a polling place in the special polling station; (b) the practicality of establishing and deploying mobile polling teams to take the votes of those electors, having regard to their numbers and the resources required for doing so; (c) the existence of any peculiar circumstances within the nursing home applying to those electors and their voting needs.
(4) Subject to subsection (5) and regulations made under section 47C, a poll and voting at a special polling station by electors who are in-patients or residents of a nursing home where the special polling station is established must be conducted, as far as practicable, in the same manner as that in which a poll and voting at an ordinary polling station on polling day is conducted.
(5) Despite sections 80, 81 and 82, the person in charge of a nursing home where a special polling station is established under subsection (1) may lawfully inform a presiding officer who is a member of a mobile polling team deployed at that special polling station that a visit to an in-patient or a resident of the nursing home is forbidden on medical grounds, and the 27 mobile polling team must then not visit the in-patient or resident to take the in-patient’s or resident’s vote.
Voting at special polling station in lieu of voting at ordinary polling station 47B.—(1) Where a special polling station is determined to be established under section 47A(1) in a nursing home for the purposes of the poll in an electoral division, the Returning Officer must, without delay, allot the special polling station to every person — 5 (a) whose name is entered in the certified register of electors in operation for the electoral division; 10 (b) who is entitled to have his or her name so entered or retained in that register of electors; and (c) who is an in-patient or a resident of the nursing home during the election period of that election.
(2) An elector who is allotted to a special polling station under subsection (1) may — (a) attend in person at a polling place in the special polling station to record his or her vote at an election, or have his or her vote taken by a mobile polling team; or (b) attend in person at the ordinary polling station allotted to him or her under section 36A(1)(c) to record his or her vote at an election, but not at both in respect of the same election.
Regulations relating to special polling arrangements 47C.—(1) Subject to subsection (2) and section 102B, the Minister may make regulations to modify the application of any provision of this Act to the conduct of polls in any special polling station established in a nursing home, including but not limited to — 15 20 25 30 28 (a) the preparation by or under the authority of the Returning Officer of the list of electors allotted to the special polling station; (b) the manner of voting at the special polling station and the taking of votes by mobile polling teams; (c) fixing the maximum number of polling agents who may be admitted to a special polling station; (d) the admission of any person who is employed by the nursing home (whether or not a citizen of Singapore) into any polling place in the special polling station or authorising the presence of such an employee in the special polling station, for the purpose of providing any assistance to the presiding officers, mobile polling team or any elector at the special polling station; (e) the procedure on the closing of the poll at the special polling station; and (f) the procedure on the counting of the votes cast at the special polling station, including the recounting of such votes, and in particular, requiring the sorting of the ballot papers according to electoral divisions before starting to count the votes from the opened ballot boxes from the special polling stations.
(2) Regulations made under subsection (1) — (a) must not authorise any person to vote — (i) more than once at any election in or in respect of the same electoral division in which he or she is registered as an elector; (ii) in or in respect of an electoral division other than the electoral division in which he or she is registered as an elector; and (iii) in or in respect of more than one electoral division at any general election; 29 (b) must provide for a record of every vote cast at a special polling station, including votes taken by a mobile polling team, but the vote record must not contain any means of identifying the person who cast the vote; and (c) must be consistent with the principles laid down in any provision of the Act that is modified by those regulations.”.
Amendment of section 48A 20.

Section 48A of the principal Act is amended — (a) by deleting the words “and time” in subsection (1)(a) and (b); (b) by deleting subsections (2), (4) and (5); and (c) by deleting the words “subsections (1) and (2)” in subsection (3) and substituting the words “subsection (1)”.

Amendment of section 49 21.


Section 49 of the principal Act is amended — (a) by inserting, immediately after the words “either by” in subsection (1)(b), the words “any candidate in the group,”; and (b) by deleting subsection (4A) and substituting the following subsections: “(4A) The votes may be counted manually or by mechanical or electronic means.
(4B) The Returning Officer must, while counting the votes, take all proper precautions for preventing any person from seeing the numbers printed on the back of the papers.”.

Repeal of section 49A 22.

Section 49A of the principal Act is repealed.

5 10 15 20 25 30 Amendment of section 49B 30 23.

Section 49B of the principal Act is amended by deleting subsection (4).

Amendment of section 51 5 24.


Section 51 of the principal Act is amended by deleting the the words and substituting 49A(5)” “section words “section 56E(1)(b)”.

Amendment of section 52 25.

Section 52(1) of the principal Act is amended by deleting “49A(5)” and substituting “56E(1)(b)”.

10 Amendment of section 55 26.
Section 55 of the principal Act is amended — 15 20 25 (a) by deleting the words “or the official mark on any ballot paper” in subsection (1)(b) and substituting the words “or return envelope or the official mark on any ballot paper or return envelope for its authentication”; (b) by inserting, immediately after the words “ballot paper” wherever they appear in subsection (1)(c), (d) and (e), the words “or return envelope”; (c) by inserting, immediately after paragraph (f) of subsection (1), the following paragraph: “(fa) puts into any return envelope anything other than the postal ballot paper which he or she is authorised by law to put in;”; (d) by inserting, immediately after the words “ballot paper” the words wherever they appear in subsection (1)(g), “(other than a postal ballot paper)”; (e) by inserting, immediately after paragraph (g) of subsection (1), the following paragraphs: 31 “(ga) without due authority intentionally opens, unseals or tampers with a sealed return envelope; (gb) without due authority intentionally damages a sealed return envelope;”; (f) by inserting, immediately after the words “, ballot paper,” wherever they appear in subsection (4), the words “return envelope,”; and (g) by inserting, immediately after subsection (5), the following subsection: “(6) This section extends to a citizen of Singapore who engages in any conduct wholly or partly outside Singapore that constitutes an offence described in subsection (1) as if the offence had been committed in Singapore.”.
Amendment of section 56 27.

Section 56 of the principal Act is amended — (a) by inserting, immediately after the words “at a polling station” in subsection (1), the words “under section 39(4) or every other person so authorised under regulations made under section 47C(1)(d)”; and (b) by inserting, immediately after the words “and agent” in subsection (3), the words “authorised under section 39(4) and every person authorised under regulations made under section 47C(1)(d)”.
Repeal and re-enactment of sections 56A to 56F and new section 56G 28.
The principal Act is amended by deleting the heading “POSTPONEMENT AND ADJOURNMENT OF ELECTIONS” and repealing sections 56A, 56B, 56BA, 56C, 56D, 56DA, 56DB, 56E and 56F and substituting the following heading and sections: 32 “OVERSEAS VOTING Voting at overseas polling station 56A.—(1) The hours of any poll at an overseas polling station for any contested election in an electoral division must be not less than 4 hours and may start in advance of the poll on polling day in Singapore, except that every such poll at an overseas polling station must close not later than the close of the poll on polling day in Singapore.
(2) Subject to any regulations made under section 56F, a poll (including an advance poll) and voting at an overseas polling station must be conducted, as far as practicable, in the same manner as that in which a poll and voting at an ordinary polling station on polling day in Singapore is conducted.
Postal voting by overseas electors designated as postal voters 56B.—(1) An overseas elector who is designated under section 13A(3A) as a postal voter for an election in an electoral division may record his or her vote at the poll in the election in the electoral division either — (a) by using the postal voting method in accordance with the manner prescribed under this section; or (b) by attending in person at a polling place in the ordinary polling station allotted to him or her under section 36A(1), but not at both in respect of the same election.
30 (2) However, an overseas elector who intends to record his or her vote in person under subsection (1)(b) at the ordinary polling station allotted to him or her must first make and subscribe to the declaration set out in Form 15 in the First Schedule before he or she is given a ballot paper at the ordinary polling station.
(3) To record his or her vote by the postal voting method at the poll in an election in an electoral division, an overseas elector who is designated under section 13A(3A) as a postal voter for the election in the electoral division must do all the following in 33 the following sequence, before the end of the postal voting period of that election: (a) apply to the Returning Officer, once the postal voting period of that election starts and in the manner prescribed by regulations made under section 56F, for postal voting papers to be issued to the overseas elector; (b) mark the overseas elector’s vote on the postal ballot paper comprised in the postal voting papers issued on application, fold the postal ballot paper and insert it in the return envelope comprised in the postal voting papers so issued, and seal the return envelope in accordance with the regulations made under section 56F; (c) take the steps prescribed by regulations made under section 56F with respect to those postal voting papers in order to indicate the date of posting or sending; (d) as soon as practicable after the return envelope is sealed, the overseas elector or a person to whom the overseas elector has entrusted the sealed return envelope for posting or delivery, must post or deliver the sealed return envelope to the Returning Officer in Singapore.
(4) Where an overseas elector records his or her vote at a poll in an election in an electoral division by attending in person at a polling place in the ordinary polling station allotted to him or her is purportedly under section 36A(1), any other vote that recorded by the same overseas elector at the same election is void.
Pre-count examination of postal voting papers 56C.—(1) Before starting the counting of any votes cast by the postal voting method at an election, the Returning Officer must, at the place and time directed under section 56D(1) and in the presence of such candidates and their counting agents as attend, produce all return envelopes containing or purporting to contain 34 postal ballot papers that have been received by the Returning Officer in Singapore before the expiry of 10 days after polling day in Singapore for the election.
(2) The Returning Officer must then, if satisfied after due examination of those return envelopes that — (a) a return envelope was received by the Returning Officer in Singapore before the expiry of 10 days after polling day in Singapore for the election; (b) that return envelope was posted or sent for delivery before the end of the postal voting period for the election; (c) that return envelope — (i) remains sealed; (ii) has not been opened or tampered with; and (iii) is not materially damaged so as to preclude authenticating that it was posted or delivered, or entrusted for posting or delivery, to the Returning Officer by an overseas elector who is designated under section 13A(3A) as a postal voter for the election; and (d) that return envelope was posted or delivered, or entrusted for posting or delivery, to the Returning Officer by an overseas elector who is designated under section 13A(3A) as a postal voter for the election, accept that return envelope and its contents for counting, but if the Returning Officer is not so satisfied, the Returning Officer must disallow from counting the postal voting papers comprising the return envelope and the postal ballot paper inside (if any), without opening the return envelope.
(3) In addition to subsection (2), where more than one return envelope was received by the Returning Officer in Singapore, before the expiry of 10 days after polling day in Singapore for the election, from or purportedly from an overseas elector who is designated under section 13A(3A) as a postal voter for the election, the Returning Officer — (a) must regard the unopened return envelope not disallowed under subsection (2) and first handled by the Returning Officer during the examination of all return envelopes so received as containing the sole vote recorded by the overseas elector on a postal ballot paper, regardless — (i) when the postal ballot paper was actually marked; 5 10 (ii) when the unopened return envelope was posted, sent for delivery or delivered in relation to the other so disallowed; and return envelopes which are not (iii) if that unopened return envelope first handled is 15 empty; and (b) must disallow from counting all other unopened return envelopes from or purportedly from the same overseas elector and their contents, without opening these other return envelopes.
(4) Before disallowing from counting any postal voting papers under subsection (2) or (3), the Returning Officer must — (a) first, show the return envelope without opening it, to each candidate or the candidate’s counting agent as attend; and (b) then, hear the views of the candidate or the candidate’s counting agent thereon, taking all proper precautions to prevent any person from opening the return envelope in question.
(5) The decision of the Returning Officer as to whether or not to disallow from counting any postal voting papers is final and is not to be questioned on an application under section 90.
20 25 30 36 (6) If the Returning Officer has accepted an unopened return envelope and its contents for counting, the Returning Officer must then — (a) open the unopened return envelope without destroying it; (b) withdraw the postal ballot paper; and (c) without inspecting the postal ballot paper or allowing another person to do so, set aside the postal ballot paper for counting.
(7) Where an unopened return envelope accepted for counting is found, upon opening under due authority under subsection (6), to contain more than one postal ballot paper, the Returning Officer must reject all the postal ballot papers as invalid unless all the ballot papers clearly indicate that the overseas elector intends to vote for the same particular candidate or group of candidates, in which case the Returning Officer must — (a) treat one of the postal ballot papers as representing the vote recorded by the overseas elector at the election; and (b) reject all the other ballot papers as invalid.
(8) The Returning Officer, his or her assistants and clerks, and the candidates and their counting agents, but no other persons except with the sanction of the Returning Officer, may be present at the pre-count examination of postal voting papers.
Counting of votes by overseas electors 56D.—(1) The votes cast at all overseas polling stations or by the postal voting method (collectively called in this section and section 56E overseas votes) must be counted at such place or places in Singapore and at such time as the Returning Officer directs.

(2) The Returning Officer must cause notice of every direction issued under subsection (1) to be published in the Gazette at least 2 clear days before polling day in Singapore.
37 (3) Every sealed ballot box containing votes cast at an overseas polling station, and every vote cast by the postal voting method, at an election in an electoral division must, in order for those votes to be counted in the election, be received by the Returning Officer in Singapore within 10 days after polling day in Singapore for the election.
(4) Subject to subsection (3), the Returning Officer must arrange for the counting of the overseas votes in the presence of the candidates and their counting agents as attend as soon as practicable after received in Singapore — the Returning Officer has 5 10 (a) all the sealed ballot boxes used at overseas polling stations during the poll; and (b) all the votes cast by the postal voting method.
(5) Despite section 49(2), the number of counting agents that may be appointed under section 49(1) to attend — 15 (a) the counting of overseas votes at the counting place as directed under subsection (1); or (b) the pre-count examination of postal voting papers under section 56C, must not exceed 5 or any other higher number prescribed in substitution by regulations made under section 56F for either paragraph (a) or (b) or both.
to regulations made under section 56F, (6) Subject the counting of votes cast by overseas electors must be conducted, as far as practicable, in the same manner as that in which counting of votes cast at ordinary polling stations is conducted.
20 25 Ascertaining final results 56E.—(1) Where declaration under section 49(7)(b) or (7E)(b) — the Returning Officer has made a 30 (a) the number of overseas votes given to each candidate or group of candidates must be added to the number 38 declared by the Returning Officer as the number of for each votes cast candidate or group of candidates, as the case may be; and in Singapore, respectively, (b) the Returning Officer must immediately declare the candidate or group of candidates (as the case may be) to whom the greatest total number of votes is given to be elected.
(2) After the Returning Officer has made any declaration under subsection (1)(b), the Returning Officer must ensure that the following procedures are complied with: (a) all ballot papers and all other documents relating to the election at every place where the overseas votes are counted must be sealed up in separate packets and placed in one or more ballot boxes; (b) the ballot box or boxes must then be sealed with the seal of the Returning Officer and the seals of such of the candidates or their counting agents as attend and desire to affix their seals; (c) the sealed ballot box or boxes must be despatched and delivered in safe custody to the Returning Officer; (d) subject to section 49(10), the sealed ballot box or boxes containing the ballot papers and other documents must be retained in safe custody for a period of 6 months; (e) the ballot papers and other documents must be destroyed at the end of the period of 6 months unless otherwise directed by order of the President.
(3) Where the Returning Officer has made a declaration under section 49(7)(b) or (7E)(b) in an election, and a recount of the votes is to be conducted, section 49B applies, with the necessary modifications, to the counting of votes cast by overseas electors at that election.
39 Regulations for voting in overseas polling stations and postal voting 56F.—(1) Subject to section 102B, the Minister may make regulations modifying the application of any provision of this Act to — 5 (a) the conduct of polls in overseas polling stations, including in particular — (i) the appointment of presiding officers for overseas polling stations; (ii) the procedure on closing of the poll; and 10 (iii) the procedure for the safe despatch of the sealed ballot boxes containing the votes cast to the Returning Officer in Singapore; and (b) counting (including recounting) of the votes cast at overseas polling stations and by the postal voting method, respectively.
(2) Unless the contrary intention appears, the regulations made under subsection (1) on the conduct of polls in overseas polling stations extend to acts done or omitted to be done outside Singapore by — (a) any Assistant Returning Officer or presiding officer; (b) any polling agent or election agent; or (c) any citizen of Singapore (whether or not a voter or an elector), in relation to a poll conducted or to be conducted at an overseas polling station.
to section 102B, the Minister may make (3) Subject regulations relating to the postal voting method for a contested election, including regulations for or in respect of the following matters: (a) the period for an overseas elector to make an application for postal voting papers and the form and manner of such application; 15 20 25 30 40 (b) the period and manner for an overseas elector to access, download and print his or her postal ballot paper and return envelope from the prescribed website; (c) the appointment of any authorised representative of the Returning Officer for the purposes of receiving return envelopes containing postal ballot papers; (d) the procedure for the postal voting method, including any measures that are necessary to ensure the authenticity of any vote; (e) the measures to ensure the safe custody of any return envelope received by the Returning Officer in Singapore; (f) the form of any application for postal voting papers, a postal ballot paper or return envelope.
(4) Regulations made under subsection (1) or (3) — (a) must not authorise any person to vote — (i) more than once at any election in or in respect of the same electoral division in which he or she is registered as an elector; (ii) in or in respect of an electoral division other than the electoral division in which he or she is registered as an elector; and (iii) in or in respect of more than one electoral division at any general election; (b) must provide for a record of every vote cast at a polling station but the vote record must not contain any means of identifying the person who cast the vote; and (c) must be consistent with the principles laid down in any provision of the Act that is modified by those regulations.
41 Other offences connected with postal voting 56G.—(1) Any person to whom an envelope containing or purporting to contain a postal ballot paper is given by an overseas elector for the purpose of posting or delivery to the the Returning Officer, or an authorised representative of Returning Officer receiving return envelopes containing postal ballot papers, and who has agreed to post or deliver the envelope, commits an offence if the person, without reasonable excuse, fails to post or deliver the envelope promptly.
the purposes of for (2) Any person guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $1,500.

(3) This section extends to a citizen of Singapore (whether or not a voter or an elector) who engages in any conduct wholly or partly outside Singapore that constitutes an offence described in subsection (1) as if the offence had been committed in Singapore.”.

Amendment of section 61 29.
Section 61 of the principal Act is amended — (a) by deleting paragraph (c) of subsection (1); “makes or publishes” (b) by deleting the words in subsection (1)(d) and (e) and substituting in each case the words “knowingly makes or publishes in Singapore”; (c) by inserting, immediately after the words “any candidate,” in subsection (1)(d) and (e), the words “content that is or contains”; (d) by inserting, immediately after the words “section 74” in subsection (1)(f) and substituting the words “or 74A”; (e) by deleting paragraph (i) of subsection (1); (f) by deleting the words “subsection (1)(c), (d) or (e)” in words substituting the (4) subsection “subsection (1)(d) or (e)”; and and (g) by deleting subsections (5) and (6).
42 New Divisions 1, 2, 3 and 4 of Part 3 and heading 30.

Part 3 of the principal Act is amended by inserting, immediately after section 61, the following heading and sections: “ELECTION ADVERTISING Division 1 — Transparency and accountability requirements Objects of this Division 61A.
The objects of Divisions 1 to 4 are to promote free and informed voting at elections by enhancing the following: (a) the transparency of the electoral system, by allowing voters to know who is communicating election advertising; (b) the accountability of those persons participating in public debate relating to any election, by making those persons responsible for their communications; (c) the traceability of communications of election advertising, by ensuring that obligations imposed by this Division in relation to those communications can be enforced.
Published-by requirements 61B.—(1) A person commits a corrupt practice if — (a) the person publishes, or causes to be published, in Singapore any content, or any thing containing content, at any time during the election period of an election in an electoral division; (b) the content is or includes election advertising that relates to the election in the electoral division; and (c) the election advertising does not include the information mentioned in subsection (3) — (i) on or in it; or 43 (ii) if it is not reasonably practicable in the case of online election advertising to comply with sub-paragraph (i), in text or other form in an online location that is directly accessible from the online election advertising, and in the manner (including language) prescribed by the election advertising regulations.
(2) A person commits a corrupt practice if — (a) the person publicly displays, or causes to be publicly displayed, in an electoral division any content, or any thing containing content, at any time during the election period of an election in the electoral division; (b) the content is or includes election advertising that relates to the election in the electoral division; and (c) the election advertising does not include the information mentioned in subsection (4) on or in it and in the manner (including language) prescribed by the election advertising regulations.
(3) The information required by subsection (1)(c) follows: is as (a) the identity particulars of every person who authorised the publishing of the election advertising; (b) the identity particulars of every person who approved the content in the election advertising, if the content is approved by a person not in paragraph (a), before the election advertising was published; (c) the identity particulars of every person for whom or at election advertising was whose direction the published if the person is not in paragraph (a) or (b); (d) in the case where all or part of the production of the content that is or includes the election advertising, or the publication of the election advertising, is paid for in money or money’s worth by the person or by another person — 44 (i) the fact that the production of the content that is or includes the election advertising, or the publication of the election advertising (as the case may be) is paid for; and (ii) the identity particulars of every person who paid for the production of the content that is or includes the publication of the election advertising, as the case may be; election advertising, or the (e) the identity particulars of every printer of the election advertising, if the election advertising is printed.
(4) The information required by subsection (2)(c) follows: is as (a) the identity particulars of authorised the public display of advertising; every person who election the (b) the identity particulars of every person who approved the content in the election advertising, if the content is approved by a person not in paragraph (a), before the election advertising was publicly displayed; (c) the identity particulars of every person for whom or at whose direction the election advertising was publicly displayed if the person is not in paragraph (a) or (b); (d) in the case where all or part of the production of the content that is or includes the election advertising, or the public display of the election advertising, is paid for in money or money’s worth by the person or by another person — (i) the fact that the production of the content that is or includes the election advertising, or the public display of the election advertising (as the case may be) is paid for; and (ii) the identity particulars of every person who paid for the production of the content that is or includes the election advertising, or the public display of the election advertising, as the case may be; (e) the identity particulars of every printer of the election advertising, if the election advertising is printed.
5 (5) In proceedings for an offence under subsection (1) or (2), it is not necessary for the prosecution to prove that an accused knew or had reason to believe that the content published or publicly displayed is election advertising as described in subsection (1)(b) or (2)(b), as the case may be.
(6) Any person who is guilty of a corrupt practice under subsection (1) or (2) — (a) shall be liable on conviction by a District Court to a fine not exceeding $1,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both; and (b) shall become incapable for a period of 7 years from the date of his or her conviction of being registered as an elector or of voting at any election under this Act or of being elected as the President or a Member, and if at that date he or she has been elected as a Member, his or her election shall be vacated from the date of the conviction.
(7) Where any election advertising that is printed is published or publicly displayed in the commission of a corrupt practice under subsection (1) or (2), the printer of the election advertising shall also be guilty of a corrupt practice and shall be liable on conviction to the same punishment and incapacity under this section as the person who caused to be published or publicly displayed the election advertising.
(8) A prosecution for a corrupt practice under this section must not be instituted without the consent of the Public Prosecutor.
in relation to (9) Subsection (1) does not apply to or publishing, or causing to be published, in Singapore any of the following: 10 15 20 25 30 46 (a) any election advertising of permissible electoral matter and forming part of any of the following: consisting only (i) any clothing that is intended to be worn on the body; (ii) any article in the nature of a dress or clothing accessory, such as a lapel pin, tie, scarf, cap or hat; (iii) any button, badge, mug, pen or pencil, or any item other small and portable promotional advertising the prescribed regulations; election in (b) any communication of content between 2 or more individuals that is of a private or domestic nature by electronic means; (c) any publication of any content, in a way that renders the content accessible from the Internet, and by any individual who — (i) is a citizen of Singapore and is not a candidate or an election agent; (ii) does so at no other person’s direction and on no other person’s behalf; and (iii) does not receive or agree to receive, and who does not contract for, any money or money’s worth, for or in connection with his or her publishing that content on the Internet; (d) any communication of content by means of an electronic service where the user-generated content enabled by that service is accessible substantially or only to a closed group of end-users employed or engaged in a business (whether or not carried on for profit) and solely for their use as a tool in the conduct of that business; 47 (e) any publication of any news relating to an election by an authorised news agency; (f) any distribution, sale or otherwise making available of any literary work or artistic work in the course of the sale, or promotion of the sale, of the literary work or artistic work for not less than its commercial value, if the literary work or artistic work (as the case may be) was planned to be published regardless if there was any election; (g) any publishing or causing to be published, election in other Singapore, circumstances prescribed by the election advertising regulations.
advertising of in (10) Subsection (2) does not apply to or in relation to any of the following: (a) any election advertising of permissible electoral matter and forming part of any of the following: consisting only (i) any clothing that is intended to be worn on the body; (ii) any article in the nature of a dress or clothing accessory, such as a lapel pin, tie, scarf, cap or hat; (iii) any button, badge, mug, pen or pencil, or any other small and portable promotional item advertising the prescribed regulations; election in (b) any public display, handing out, distribution, sale or otherwise making available of any literary work or artistic work in the course of the sale, or promotion of the sale, of the literary work or artistic work for not less than its commercial value, if the literary work or artistic work (as the case may be) was planned to be published regardless if there was any election; 48 (c) any public display of election advertising in other circumstances prescribed by the election advertising regulations.
Election advertising ban during cooling-off period 61C.—(1) A person commits an offence if — (a) the person publishes, or causes to be published, in Singapore any content, or any thing containing content, at any time during the cooling-off period of an election in an electoral division; (b) the content is or includes election advertising that relates to the election in the electoral division; and (c) the person knows or ought reasonably to have known that the content is or includes election advertising that relates to the election in the electoral division.
(2) A person commits an offence if — (a) the person publicly displays, or causes to be publicly displayed, any content, or any thing containing content, in an electoral division at any time during the cooling-off period of an election in the electoral division; (b) the content is or includes election advertising that relates to the election in the electoral division; and (c) the person knows or ought reasonably to have known that the content is or includes election advertising that relates to the election in the electoral division.
(3) Any person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) or (2) shall be liable on conviction by a District Court to a fine not exceeding $1,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both.
49 (4) In this section, “cooling-off period” means — (a) for a general election of Members, the period — (i) starting the eve of polling day of the general election; and (ii) ending with the close of polling on polling day 5 at that general election; or (b) for a by-election of a Member or group of Members for an electoral division, the period — (i) starting the eve of polling day for the purposes of the by-election; and (ii) ending with the close of polling on polling day at that by-election.
Exceptions to cooling-off period election advertising ban 61D.—(1) Section 61C does not apply to or in relation to any of the following: (a) any election advertising of permissible electoral matter and forming part of any of the following: consisting only (i) any clothing that is intended to be worn on the body; (ii) any article in the nature of a dress or clothing accessory, such as a lapel pin, tie, scarf, cap or hat; (iii) any button, badge, mug, pen or pencil or any other small and portable promotional item prescribed advertising the regulations; election in (b) any public display, handing out, distribution, sale or otherwise making available of any literary work or artistic work in the course of the sale, or promotion of the sale, of the literary work or artistic work for not less than its commercial value, if the literary work or 10 15 20 25 30 50 artistic work (as the case may be) was planned to be published regardless if there was any election.
(2) In addition, section 61C(1) does not apply to or in relation to any of the following: (a) any communication of content between 2 or more individuals that is of a private or domestic nature by electronic means; (b) any communication of content by means of an electronic service where the user-generated content enabled by that service is accessible substantially or only to a closed group of end-users employed or engaged in a business (whether or not carried on for profit) and solely for their use as a tool in the conduct of that business; (c) any publication of any news relating to an election by an authorised news agency; (d) any publication of election advertising in other circumstances prescribed by the election advertising regulations as excluded from section 61C(1).
(3) In addition, section 61C(2) does not apply to or in relation to any of the following: (a) any non-online election advertising that — (i) was lawfully publicly displayed in the electoral division concerned before the start of the cooling-off period of the election concerned; and (ii) is not relocated, altered or modified since the start of the cooling-off period; (b) the public display of any non-online election advertising within or on an exterior wall or exterior window of the office or committee room of a candidate or group of candidates provided that the non-online election advertising — 51 (i) consists only of permissible electoral matter; and (ii) is solely for the purpose of indicating that the office or room is the office or committee room of the candidate or group; 5 (c) the public display of any non-online election advertising — (i) on an exterior wall or exterior window of any building or part of a building occupied by a political party as its office; (ii) on an exterior wall or exterior window of any building partly occupied by a political party as its office; or (iii) if a building mentioned in sub-paragraph (i) or (ii) is located in any grounds, on any outer wall, fence or other structure or feature to mark the boundary of those grounds, provided that the non-online election advertising contains only the name or symbol, or both, of the political party concerned and is solely for the purpose of indicating that the office of the political party is or is within the building; (d) any public display of election advertising in other circumstances prescribed by the election advertising regulations as excluded from section 61C(2).
Certain traditional election advertising banned before nomination day 61E.—(1) A person commits an offence if — (a) the person publicly displays, or causes to be publicly displayed, any traditional election advertising in an electoral division during the period — 10 15 20 25 30 52 (i) starting when a writ of election is issued under section 24 for the purposes of an election in an electoral division; and (ii) ending immediately before the start of the election in the the campaign period of electoral division; and (b) the traditional election advertising contains an express or implicit reference to a political party — (i) by its name or symbol; or (ii) by another symbol which can reasonably be regarded as indicating a direct association or an immediate affiliation with the political party.
(2) Strict liability applies to an offence under subsection (1).

(3) Any person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction by a District Court to a fine not exceeding $1,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both.
(4) However, subsection (1) does not apply to or in relation to the public display of any traditional election advertising in any of the following circumstances: (a) the display of any traditional election advertising — (i) on an exterior wall or exterior window of any building or part of a building occupied by a political party as its office; (ii) on an exterior wall or exterior window of any building partly occupied by a political party as its office; or (iii) if a building mentioned in sub-paragraph (i) or (ii) is located in any grounds, on any outer wall, fence or other structure or feature to mark the boundary of those grounds, provided that the traditional election advertising contains only the name or symbol, or both, of the 53 political party concerned and is solely for the purpose of indicating that the office of the political party is or is within the building; (b) any traditional election advertising that — (i) was lawfully publicly displayed in the electoral division concerned before the start of the election period of the election concerned; 5 (ii) has not been relocated, altered or modified since the start of the election period; and (iii) is declared to the Returning Officer, within 12 hours after the start of the election period, together with such details as to its place of display and content, in accordance with the election requirements advertising regulations; prescribed the by (c) any traditional election advertising that is publicly displayed at a public assembly or public procession held on the day of nomination at an election around a place of nomination for that election to show support — (i) for any person or group of persons seeking candidate or group of nomination as candidates at that election; or a (ii) for any candidate or group of candidates in that election at or about the time the Returning Officer is to declare a candidate or group of candidates to be elected under section 33(1); (d) any public display of traditional election advertising in other circumstances prescribed by the election advertising from subsection (1).
regulations excluded as 10 15 20 25 30 54 Division 2 — Campaign controls: candidates and political parties Online election advertising, etc., in campaign period 61F.—(1) This section applies only to election advertising that is — (a) online election advertising published in Singapore; or (b) non-online election advertising published in Singapore by electronic means.
(2) A person commits an offence if — (a) the person publishes or causes to be published in Singapore, any content, or any thing containing content, at any time during the campaign period of an election in an electoral division; (b) the person is, or is doing so on behalf of — (i) an individual who is a candidate at the election in the electoral division; or (ii) a political party with one or more candidates at the election in the electoral division; (c) the content is or includes election advertising that relates to the election in the electoral division; and (d) the content is or includes — (i) election advertising which the candidate or the candidate’s election agent or the political party did not declare to the Returning Officer in accordance with of the subsection (3); or requirements (ii) election advertising that — (A) has a functionality prescribed in the election as impermissible for that form of election advertising; or advertising regulations (B) does not have a functionality prescribed in the election advertising regulations as requisite for that election advertising.
(3) For the purposes of subsection (2)(d)(i), any election advertising to which subsection (1) applies must be declared by a candidate or the candidate’s election agent or a political party to the Returning Officer, in accordance with the procedure and prescribed in the accompanied by such details about it as may be prescribed (such as the online location or service used), at the following times: election advertising regulations, (a) no later than 12 hours after the start of the campaign period concerned, the election advertising is published in Singapore within 12 hours after the start of the campaign period; if (b) before the election advertising is published, if the election advertising is first published in Singapore after the start of that period unless otherwise allowed under paragraph (a).
(4) In proceedings for an offence under subsection (2), it is not necessary for the prosecution to prove that an accused knew or had reason to believe that the content published is or includes election advertising as described in subsection (2)(c).

(5) Any person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (2) shall be liable on conviction by a District Court to a fine not exceeding $1,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both.
(6) Subsection (2) does not apply to or in relation to any publishing in Singapore, at any time during the campaign period of an election in an electoral division, of election advertising in any circumstances that are prescribed by the election advertising regulations as excluded from that subsection.
56 Traditional election advertising in campaign period 61G.—(1) This section and sections 61H, 61I and 61J apply only — (a) to traditional election advertising; and (b) during the campaign period of an election in an electoral division.
(2) A person commits an offence if — (a) the person publicly displays, or causes to be publicly displayed, in an electoral division during the campaign period of an election in the electoral division, any traditional election advertising; (b) the person is, or is doing so on behalf of — (i) an individual who is a candidate at the election in the electoral division; or (ii) a political party with one or more candidates at the election in the electoral division; and (c) the traditional election advertising relates to the election in the electoral division.
(3) In proceedings for an offence under subsection (2), it is not necessary for the prosecution to prove that an accused knew or had reason to believe that the content publicly displayed is traditional election advertising as described in subsection (2)(c).

(4) Any person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (2) shall be liable on conviction by a District Court to a fine not exceeding $1,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both.
(5) However, subsection (2) does not apply to or in relation to any of the following: (a) the public display of any traditional election advertising under the authority of a permit granted by the Returning Officer; 57 (b) the public display of any traditional election advertising within or on an exterior wall or exterior window of the office or committee room of a candidate or group of candidates provided that the traditional election advertising — (i) consists only of permissible electoral matter; and (ii) is solely for the purpose of indicating that the office or room is the office or committee room of the candidate or group; (c) the public display of any traditional election advertising — (i) on an exterior wall or exterior window of any building or part of a building occupied by a political party as its office; (ii) on an exterior wall or exterior window of any building partly occupied by a political party as its office; or (iii) if a building mentioned in sub-paragraph (i) or (ii) is located in any grounds, on any outer wall, fence or other structure or feature to mark the boundary of those grounds, the traditional election advertising provided that contains only the name or symbol, or both, of the political party concerned and is solely for the purpose of indicating that the office of the political party is or is within the building; (d) the public display of any traditional election advertising within a hall or room that is being or is about to be used for an election meeting; (e) any public display of traditional election advertising in other circumstances prescribed by the election advertising from subsection (2).
regulations excluded as 58 Maximum permissible number for traditional election advertising displayed 61H.—(1) A person commits an offence if — (a) the person publicly displays, or causes to be publicly displayed, any traditional election advertising in an electoral division during the campaign period of an election in the electoral division; (b) the person is, or is doing so on behalf of — (i) an individual who is a candidate at the election in the electoral division; or (ii) a political party with one or more candidates at the election in the electoral division; (c) the traditional election advertising relates to the election in the electoral division; and (d) the traditional election advertising is in excess of the maximum permissible number prescribed in the election traditional election advertising in that same form.
advertising regulations for an offence under (2) Any person who is guilty of subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction by a District Court to a fine not exceeding $1,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both.

(3) Strict liability applies to an offence under subsection (1).
(4) However, any traditional election advertising which is publicly displayed in any of the following circumstances is not countable for the purposes of subsection (1): (a) the public display of any traditional election advertising within or on an exterior wall or exterior window of the office or committee room of a candidate or group of candidates provided that the traditional election advertising — (i) consists only of permissible electoral matter; and 59 (ii) is solely for the purpose of indicating that the office or room is the office or committee room of the candidate or group; (b) the public display of any traditional election advertising — (i) on an exterior wall or exterior window of any building or part of a building occupied by a political party as its office; (ii) on an exterior wall or exterior window of any building partly occupied by a political party as its office; or (iii) if a building mentioned in sub-paragraph (i) or (ii) is located in any grounds, on any outer wall, fence or other structure or feature to mark the boundary of those grounds, provided that the traditional election advertising contains only the name or symbol, or both, of the political party concerned and is solely for the purpose of indicating that the office of the political party is or is within the building; (c) the public display of any traditional election advertising within a hall or room that is being or is about to be used for an election meeting; (d) any public display of traditional election advertising in other circumstances prescribed by the election from advertising subsection (1).
regulations excluded as Permissible locations for traditional election advertising display 61I.—(1) A person commits an offence if — (a) the person publicly displays, or causes to be publicly displayed, any traditional election advertising in an electoral division during the campaign period relating to an election in the electoral division; (b) the person is, or is doing so on behalf of — (i) an individual who is a candidate at the election in the electoral division; or (ii) a political party with one or more candidates at the election in the electoral division; (c) the traditional election advertising relates to the election in the electoral division; (d) the traditional election advertising is publicly displayed in a place which is not a permissible location; and (e) the person knows or has reason to believe that the place is not a permissible location.
(2) For the purposes of subsection (1)(d) and (e), a permissible location is any premises, or any conveyance, thing or structure, prescribed in the election advertising regulations as a permissible location for the purpose of this section.

(3) In proceedings for an offence under subsection (1), it is not necessary for the prosecution to prove that an accused knew or had reason to believe that the content publicly displayed is traditional election advertising as described in subsection (1)(c).
(4) Any person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction by a District Court to a fine not exceeding $1,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both.
(5) To avoid doubt, this section does not entitle any person to display any traditional election advertising on any premises, conveyance, thing or structure — (a) without the consent of the owner of the premises, conveyance, thing or structure; (b) without a licence, permit or other like approval required by or under any other written law; or (c) in a manner or in circumstances as to cause a serious and imminent risk of damaging other property or 61 injuring another traditional election advertising does fall.
individual or an animal if the Restricted signage zone of polling station in Singapore 61J.—(1) A person commits an offence if — (a) the person publicly displays, or causes to be publicly displayed, in an electoral division any traditional election advertising during the campaign period relating to an election in the electoral division; 5 (b) the person is, or is doing so on behalf of — (i) an individual who is a candidate at the election 10 in the electoral division; or (ii) a political party with one or more candidates at the election in the electoral division; (c) the traditional election advertising relates to the election in the electoral division; (d) the traditional election advertising is publicly displayed within the restricted signage zone of any ordinary polling station or special polling station established for the conduct of a poll in that election; and (e) the person knows or has reason to believe that where the election advertising is publicly displayed is within a restricted signage zone of such a polling station.
traditional (2) In this section, “restricted signage zone”, for an ordinary polling station or a special polling station, means all of the following, unless otherwise provided in subsection (3): (a) the building, or part of the building, in which the following are, or are to be, located: (i) any polling place of the polling station; 15 20 25 30 62 (ii) any polling booth or other facility for electors allotted to that polling station are to vote in accordance with this Act; (b) the area within 50 metres of the external edges of a building or part of a building mentioned in paragraph (a); (c) if a building or part of a building mentioned in paragraph (a) is located in any grounds — (i) the area in those grounds; (ii) the area within 50 metres of any outer wall, fence or other structure or feature that marks the boundary of those grounds; and (iii) if the Returning Officer or a presiding officer of that polling station has designated entrances to the grounds under section 36A(4) — the area within 50 metres of each designated entrance to those grounds.
(3) However, “restricted signage zone” does not include premises in the zone mentioned in subsection (2)(b) or (c) that are — (a) used as a residence; (b) outside Singapore; (c) used by a candidate in an election in any electoral division, or by a political party, as an office; or (d) other premises lawfully occupied by or under an arrangement with the Returning Officer.
(4) In proceedings for an offence under subsection (1), it is not necessary for the prosecution to prove that an accused knew or had reason to believe that the content publicly displayed is traditional election advertising as described in subsection (1)(c).

an offence under (5) Any person who is guilty of subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction to a fine not 63 exceeding $1,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both.
(6) Subsection (1) does not apply to or in relation to — (a) any official sign; and (b) any traditional election advertising prescribed by the election advertising regulations as excluded from subsection (1).
5 Division 3 — Controls on third party campaigning and foreigners Unauthorised third party online election advertising 61K.—(1) A person who is a third party at an election in an electoral division commits an offence if — (a) the third party publishes, or causes to be published, in Singapore, at any time during the election period of an election in the electoral division, any content, or any thing containing content, by electronic means in any way that renders the content accessible from the Internet; (b) the content is or includes online election advertising that relates to the election in the electoral division; (c) all or part of — (i) the production of the content that is or includes the online election advertising; or (ii) the publication of the online election advertising, is paid for in money or money’s worth by the third party or by another person who may or may not be a third party; and (d) the third party knows or ought reasonably to have known that — 10 15 20 25 30 (i) the content includes online election advertising as described in paragraph (b); and is or 64 online election (ii) the production of the content that is or includes the the publication of the online election advertising, is paid for in money or money’s worth by the third party or by another person who may or may not be a third party.
advertising, or (2) Any person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction by a District Court to a fine not exceeding $1,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both.
in any proceedings for an offence under (3) However, subsection (1), it is a defence for the person charged to prove, on a balance of probabilities, that the person was granted a written authority signed by a candidate or a candidate’s election agent in Form 22 or 23 (as the case may be) in the First Schedule when publishing or causing to be published the content in question.
(4) Subsection (1) does not apply to or in relation to any of the following: (a) any publication of any news relating to an election by an authorised news agency; (b) any publishing of content by electronic means in other circumstances prescribed by the election advertising regulations as excluded from subsection (1).
Unauthorised third party non-online election advertising 61L.—(1) A person who is a third party at an election in an electoral division commits an offence if — (a) the third party, at any time during the election period of an election in the electoral division — (i) publishes, or causes to be published, in Singapore any content by electronic means in any way other than rendering the content accessible from the Internet; or (ii) publicly displays, or causes to be publicly displayed, in the electoral division any content; (b) the content is or advertising that electoral division; and relates includes non-online election to the election in the (c) the third party knows or ought reasonably to have known that the content is or includes non-online election advertising that relates to the election in the electoral division.
(2) Any person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction by a District Court to a fine not exceeding $1,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both.
in any proceedings for an offence under (3) However, subsection (1), it is a defence for the person charged to prove, on a balance of probabilities, that the person was granted a written authority signed by a candidate or a candidate’s election agent in Form 22 or 23 (as the case may be) in the First Schedule.
(4) Subsection (1) does not apply to or in relation to any of the following: (a) any publication of any news relating to an election by an authorised news agency; (b) any publishing of content by electronic means or the public display of content in other circumstances prescribed by the election advertising regulations as excluded from subsection (1).
Ban on foreigners, etc., publishing or displaying election advertising 61M.—(1) A person commits an offence if — (a) the person, at any time during the election period of an election in an electoral division — (i) publishes, or causes to be published, in Singapore; or 66 (ii) publicly displays, or causes to be publicly displayed, any content, or any thing containing content; (b) the content is or includes election advertising that relates to the election in the electoral division; (c) the person is a foreigner or a foreign entity; and (d) the person knows or ought reasonably to have known that the content is or includes election advertising that relates to the election in the electoral division.
an offence under (2) Any person who is guilty of subsection (1) shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both.
Division 4 — Supplementary provisions Corrective directions for online election advertising 61N.—(1) Where the Returning Officer reasonably believes that an offence under section 61C, 61F, 61K, 78C, 78D or 83(5) is being or has been committed, resulting in or involving publishing in Singapore by electronic means any online election advertising, the Returning Officer may, by written direction, require a relevant person — (a) to do one or more of the following as the Returning Officer considers appropriate: from the (i) to take all reasonable steps to ensure the removal, service, relevant electronic service or internet access service (as the case may be) of the online election advertising identified in the direction; social media 67 (ii) to take all reasonable steps to disable access to the online election advertising on the social media service, relevant electronic service or internet access service (as the case may be) by end-users in Singapore who use or may use the service; electronic communications (iii) to take all reasonable steps so as to stop or activity reduce involving, provision of or access to, or further electronic communications activity involving, further provision of or access to, that online election advertising by end-users in Singapore of the social media service, relevant electronic service or internet access service; and (b) to do so within the period specified in the written direction, or any extension of that period that the Returning Officer may allow in any particular case.
(2) Any relevant person who, without reasonable excuse, fails to comply with a direction given under subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $1,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both.
(3) In this section, “relevant person” means — 5 10 15 20 (a) a candidate at an election in an electoral division; (b) a political party with one or more candidates at an 25 election in an electoral division; (c) a third party in relation to an election in an electoral division who is connected with the commission of the offence but not a person mentioned in paragraph (d); or 30 (d) a provider of a social media service, a relevant electronic service or an internet access service.
68 Removal and confiscation of traditional election advertising, etc.
61O.—(1) Where the Returning Officer reasonably believes that an offence under section 61C, 61E, 61G, 61H, 61I or 61J is being committed, the Returning Officer may direct a person — (a) to either remove or cause to be removed, or to otherwise stop any public display of, any traditional is publicly displayed in election advertising that connection with that offence; and (b) to do so within the period specified in the direction, or any extension of that period that the Returning Officer may allow in any particular case.
(2) Without affecting the right of the Returning Officer to exercise the powers under subsection (3), a person who, without reasonable excuse, fails to comply with any direction given to the person under subsection (1) commits an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $1,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both.
(3) If any direction given under subsection (1) is not complied with to the satisfaction of the Returning Officer, the Returning Officer may carry out or take steps or cause to be carried out any work or any steps to be taken, which are in the Returning Officer’s opinion necessary to secure compliance with the direction, including all or any of the following: (a) remove or causing to be removed any traditional is publicly displayed in election advertising that connection with an offence under section 61C, 61E, 61G, 61H, 61I or 61J and moving and detaining the traditional election advertising at a holding yard or other place; (b) stop any public display of any traditional election advertising that is publicly displayed in connection with an offence under section 61C, 61E, 61G, 61H, 61I or 61J.
69 (4) Any removed traditional election advertising moved or removed to a holding yard under subsection (3) — (a) must be dealt with in accordance with section 364(1) of the Criminal Procedure Code 2010 where the removed traditional election advertising is produced in any criminal trial; (b) is deemed to be forfeited to the Government where the owner of the removed traditional election advertising consents to its disposal; or (c) in any other case, must be returned to the owner of the removed traditional election advertising or reported to a Magistrate’s Court.
5 10 Evidence 61P.
In proceedings for an offence under Division 1, 2 or 3 — (a) an election advertising that includes a statement that its publication was authorised by a specified person; 15 (b) an election advertising that includes a statement that it was printed by a specified person; or (c) material consisting of, or containing, a commentary on a candidate or political party, or the issues being submitted to electors, that includes a statement that a the person specified publication of the material, responsibility takes for is, in the absence of proof to the contrary, proof of that fact.
Defences 61Q.—(1) In any proceedings for an offence under Division 1, 2 or 3, it is a defence to the charge if the accused proves, on a balance of probabilities, that — (a) the accused — (i) did not know and could not reasonably have known that the offence would be or is being committed; and 20 25 30 70 (ii) took all reasonable steps and exercised all due diligence to prevent or stop the commission of the offence or that offence when the accused became aware that it was committed; or further commission of (b) the commission arose of circumstances beyond the accused’s control.
offence the from (2) Every offence under Division 1, 2 or 3 or any election advertising regulations is an arrestable offence within the meaning of the Criminal Procedure Code 2010.

Election advertising regulations 61R.—(1) Subject to section 102B, the Minister may make regulations necessary or convenient to be prescribed for carrying out or giving effect to this Division or Division 1, 2 or 3.
(2) In particular, the Minister may make regulations for any of the following: (a) regulating any public display, by or on behalf of a political party, or a candidate or group of candidates, or both, of any traditional election advertising; (b) regulating the publishing in Singapore by electronic means, by or on behalf of a political party, or a in candidate or group of candidates, or both, connection with an election in an electoral division, any online election advertising and any non-online election advertising; (c) providing that any contravention of any provision of the regulations shall be an offence punishable with a fine not exceeding $1,000 or with imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or with both; (d) providing for any saving, incidental consequential, provisions that are necessary or expedient.
transitional and other supplemental and 71 (3) The election advertising regulations may prescribe — advertising (a) a maximum permissible number of traditional election publicly displayed within an electoral division by reference to the total number of electors registered for the electoral division; and allowed be to (b) different maximum permissible numbers for different for traditional traditional election advertising or forms of public display of types of different election advertising.
Supplementary interpretive provisions for election advertising controls 61S.—(1) In this Division and Divisions 1, 2 and 3 — “a point” includes a mobile or potentially mobile point, in the atmosphere, whether on land, underground, underwater or anywhere else; “authorised news agency” means the holder of — (a) a permit granted under the Newspaper and Printing Presses Act 1974; or (b) a broadcasting licence granted under section 8, or deemed granted under section 9, of the Broadcasting Act 1994; “campaign period”, for an election in an electoral division, means the period — (a) starting after immediately nomination proceedings end on the day of nomination for that election and the election is adjourned under section 34(1)(a) or 34A(1)(a) (as the case may be) to enable a poll to be taken in accordance with the Act; and (b) ending with the start of cooling-off period for that election, as defined in section 61C(4); “election period” means — 72 (a) for a general election of Members, the period — (i) starting when a writ of election is issued under section 24 for the purposes of the general election; and (ii) ending with the close of polling on polling day at that general election; or (b) for a by-election of a Member or group of Members for an electoral division, the period — (i) starting when a writ of election is issued under section 24 for the purposes of the by-election; and (ii) ending with the close of polling on polling day at that by-election; “functionality”, in relation to an electronic
 service or an internet access service, includes — (a) any feature that enables interactions of any description between end-users of the service; (b) any feature that enables end-users to search online locations or databases, index search results or otherwise retrieve information or material from the search results; and (c) any feature enabling an end-user to do anything as follows: (i) creating a user profile, including an anonymous or a pseudonymous profile; (ii) searching within for user-generated content or other users of the service; service the (iii) forwarding content to, or sharing content with, other users of the service; .
73 (iv) sharing content on any internet-based services; (v) sending direct messages to or speaking to other users of the service, or interacting with them in another way (such as by playing a game); (vi) expressing a view on content; Examples (a) Applying a “like” or “dislike” button or other similar button.

(b) Applying an emoji or a symbol of any kind.

(c) Engaging in yes/no voting.

(d) Rating or scoring content in any way.
(vii) sharing current or historic location information with other users of the service, recording a user’s movements or identifying which other users of the service are nearby; (viii) following or subscribing to particular kinds of content or particular users of the service; (ix) creating lists, collections, archives or directories of content or users of the service; 5 10 15 20 (x) tagging or labelling content present on the 25 service; (xi) uploading content relating to goods or services; (xii) applying or changing settings on the service which affect the presentation of user-generated content on the service; 30 74 (xiii) accessing other internet services through content present on the service (such as through hyperlinks); “identity particulars” means — (a) for an individual — his or her full name as shown in his or her passport or other identity document and any other identifying particulars prescribed (if prescribed); or (b) for an entity — (i) the full name of the entity; and (ii) any other identifying particulars prescribed (if prescribed); “internet access service” means a telecommunication service between a point in Singapore and another point in Singapore or between 2 points, one of which is in Singapore — (a) that — (i) enables end-users to access content on the Internet using that service; or (ii) delivers content persons having to equipment appropriate for receiving that content on the Internet, where the delivery of the service is by a telecommunication service described in sub-paragraph (i); and (b) that is covered by a licence under the Telecommunications Act 1999, but excludes a social media service; “MMS” means an electronic service that enables only the transmission of multimedia messages (such as visual or voice communication) from an end-user on a mobile telephone to another mobile telephone through a telecommunication service; 75 “money’s worth” means any service, any office or employment, or any goods or property (whether movable or tangible or immovable and whether
 intangible) and includes any of the following: (a) any virtual voucher, virtual coupon, virtual 5 credit, virtual coin or virtual token; (b) any arrangement under which a party has — (i) an encashable legal or equitable right to receive a financial benefit; (ii) an encashable equitable legal obligation to provide a financial benefit; or or 10 (iii) a combination of one or more such rights and one or more such obligations; (c) any right to receive money or something else that is money’s worth under this definition; 15 “permissible electoral matter” means all or any of the following, and nothing else: (a) the name or symbol (or both) of a political party; (b) the name or image (or both) of a candidate as a 20 candidate; (c) the symbol allotted to a candidate, or to the group of candidates to which he or she belongs, under section 34 or 34A; “point-to-multipoint service” means an electronic service which allows an end-user to communicate content to more than one end-user simultaneously; “relevant electronic service” means — (a) an electronic service that enables end-users to communicate, by means of email, with other end-users; 25 30 76 (b) an online instant messaging service that enables end-users to communicate with other end-users; (c) a point-to-multipoint service; (d) an electronic service that enables end-users to play online games with other end-users; or (e) an electronic that service specialises in providing links or facilitating access to, or information about, online locations, such as (but not limited to) a search engine, directory service or web browser; “SMS” means an electronic service that only enables the transmission of short text messages from an end-user on a mobile telephone to another mobile telephone through a telecommunication service; “social media service” means an electronic service that satisfies all the following characteristics: (a) the sole or primary purpose of the service is to enable online interaction or linking between 2 or more
 end-users (including enabling end-users to share content for social purposes); (b) the service allows end-users to communicate content on the service; (c) such other characteristics as are prescribed; “user-generated content”, service, means content — in relation to an electronic (a) that is — (i) generated directly on the service by an end-user of the service; or (ii) communicated by posting or sharing on the service by an end-user of the service; and 77 (b) that may be accessed by another end-user of that service, or other users, of the service by means of that service.
(2) In this Division and Divisions 1, 2 and 3, a person undertakes electronic communications activity in relation to any content if the person communicates or distributes the content on or by — 5 (a) an SMS; (b) an MMS; (c) a service that renders the content accessible from the Internet, such as but not limited to on or by a social media service, a relevant electronic service or an internet access service; or (d) a broadcasting service or other electronic service (such as real-time transmission) for reception on a computer monitor, television screen, mobile device or similar medium equipment appropriate for receiving that content.
(3) For the purposes of section 61B(9)(b) or 61D(2)(a), whether any communication of content by electronic means is or is not of a private or domestic nature must be determined by having regard to all or any one of the following factors: (a) the number of individuals in Singapore who are able to access the content by means of the service; (b) any restrictions on who may access the content by means of the service (such as a requirement for approval or permission from a user, or the provider, of the service); (c) the relationship between the persons that the content is being or has been communicated; (d) any other relevant factor.
(4) However, for the purposes of subsection (3), the following factors do not count as restrictions on access to content communicated by electronic means: 10 15 20 25 30 78 (a) a requirement to log in to or register with the electronic service (or part of such a service); (b) a requirement to make a payment or take out a subscription in order to access the electronic service (or part of such a service) or to access particular content communicated by means of that service; (c) inability to access the electronic service (or part of to access particular content such a service) or communicated by means of that service except by using particular technology or a particular kind of technology or device is device (as long as that generally available to the public).
(5) For the purposes of the definition of “money’s worth” in subsection (1), a right to receive, or an obligation to provide, a financial benefit is encashable if, and only if — (a) the benefit is money or money’s worth; (b) in the case of a right, the holder thereof intends to satisfy or settle it by receiving money or money’s worth; (c) in the case of an obligation, the party subject to it intends to satisfy or settle it by providing money or money’s worth; or (d) the financial benefit is readily convertible into money or money’s worth and there is a market for the financial benefit that has a high degree of liquidity.
(6) Any provision in this Division or Division 1, 2 or 3 or section 78C or 78D, or in the election advertising regulations, involving publishing content by electronic means extends to a person who engages in any conduct that constitutes an offence described in the respective provision — (a) wholly or partly in Singapore; or (b) wholly outside Singapore and as a result of that the offence occurs wholly or partly in conduct, Singapore.
79 (7) For the purpose of subsection (6), where a person sends content or a thing containing content, or causes content or a thing containing content to be sent, by electronic means — (a) from a point outside Singapore to a point in Singapore; or (b) from a point Singapore, in Singapore to a point outside that conduct is taken to have occurred partly in Singapore.
(8) To avoid doubt, nothing in this Act limits the operation of section 26 of the Electronic Transactions Act 2010 in relation to network service providers.”.

Amendment of section 62 31.
Section 62 of the principal Act is amended — (a) by deleting the word “named” in subsection (1) and substituting the word “appointed”; (b) by deleting the word “name” in subsection (2) and substituting the word “appoint”; (c) by inserting, immediately after subsection (2), the following subsection: “(2A) Where there is no appointment in force under subsection (1) or (2) of an election agent of a candidate for the election, the candidate must be treated, and so far as circumstances admit and subject to the provisions of this Act — 5 10 15 20 (a) both as a candidate and as an election 25 agent; and (b) as appointed under subsection (1) as his or her election agent for that election and deemed so declared under subsection (3), and any reference in this Act to an election agent is construed to refer to the candidate acting in his or her 30 80 capacity as an election agent by virtue of this subsection.”; (d) by inserting, immediately after the words “to the Returning Officer” in subsection (3), the words “using either an electronic system or a form approved by the Returning Officer for the election”; (e) by inserting, immediately after the words “so declared” in subsection (3A), the words “or deemed declared”; (f) by deleting the words “One election agent only must be appointed for each candidate” in subsection (4) and substituting the words “Only one person may hold an appointment as the election agent for a particular candidate at any one time”; (g) by inserting, immediately after subsection (5), the following
 subsection: there candidates in an election, but election of “(5A) When there is no appointment in force under subsection (5) of a principal election agent for a group of are appointments under subsection (1), (2) or (2A) in force, the election agent of the candidate whose name is to appear first in the group in the ballot papers under section 40(3)(a), must be treated as appointed as the principal election agent of the group in relation to the election and deemed declared under that principal election agent.”; and subsection (3) as agents (h) by deleting the word “Nomination” in the section heading and substituting the word “Appointment”.
Amendment of section 63 32.

Section 63 of the principal Act is amended — (a) by inserting, immediately after the words “if the person”, the words “is an undischarged bankrupt or”; and (b) by inserting, immediately after practice” in the section heading, the word “, etc.,”.

the words “corrupt 81 Amendment of section 64 33.
Section 64 of the principal Act is amended — (a) by deleting the words “subsection (1A)” in subsection (1) and substituting the words “subsections (1A) and (1B)”; and 5 (b) by inserting, immediately after subsection (1A), the following subsection: “(1B) The candidate or, in the case of a group of candidates, any candidate in the group may — (a) make any appointment mentioned in 10 subsections (1)(a) and (1A); and (b) inform the presiding officer at each polling station in writing of the name of every polling agent appointed to act at that polling station.”.
Amendment of section 74 34.

Section 74 of the principal Act is amended by inserting, immediately after subsection (4), the following subsections: “(4A) The Returning Officer may issue one or more guidelines for the purpose of providing practical guidance or certainty in respect of any one or more of the requirements of this section, what must be or need not be disclosed in any returns respecting election expenses.
(4B) In proceedings for an illegal practice under this Act involving any returns respecting election expenses — (a) compliance with a provision of any guideline issued under subsection (4A) found by the court, to be relevant to a matter to which a contravention or failure alleged in the proceedings relates; or 15 20 25 82 (b) a contravention of or a failure to comply with, whether by act or omission, any such provision so found, may be relied on by any party to those proceedings as tending to negative or establish any liability which is in question in those proceedings.”.
New section 74A 35.

The principal Act is amended by inserting, immediately after section 74, the following section: “Corrections to returns respecting election expenses, etc.
74A.—(1) Where the election agent of any candidate at an election becomes aware of any error or omission in any content contained in any return respecting election expenses which the election agent first transmitted under section 74 to the Returning Officer with respect to the candidate and the election (called in this section an original return) — (a) the election agent may apply to the Returning Officer to correct the error or omission in the original return, accompanied by — (i) a fresh return respecting election expenses annotated with what content in the original return is corrected and how it is corrected; and (ii) a fresh statement and declaration in Form 19 in the First Schedule, made together with the candidate, in relation to the return respecting election under expenses sub-paragraph (i); and annotated (b) the Returning Officer must give the election agent a that error or reasonable opportunity to correct omission unless subsection (3) applies.
(2) To avoid doubt, an election agent may make more than one application under this section to correct the same original return.
(3) However — 83 (a) no application under subsection (1) may be made; and (b) no correction may be made with respect to any original return earlier transmitted to the Returning Officer, 5 after the expiry of the time delimited by section 74(1) for the transmission to the Returning Officer of returns respecting election expenses and the statements relating thereto.
(4) Every fresh return respecting election expenses by an election agent of a candidate and every fresh statement and declaration relating thereto, if transmitted to the Returning Officer according to subsection (1), must be treated for the purposes of this Act as replacing any original return by the same election agent and any statement and declaration relating to the original return.

(5) In this section, “error” has the meaning given by section 103(3).

(6) Nothing in this section affects section 88.”.


Amendment of section 75 36.
Section 75 of the principal Act is amended — (a) by inserting, immediately after the words “in respect thereof” in subsection (1), the words “under section 74(1) or 74A(1)”; (b) by deleting the words “time and place” in subsection (1) and substituting the words “online location maintained by the Government”; (c) by deleting the words “to be fixed in some conspicuous place in the Returning Officer’s office and published in the Gazette” in subsection (1) and substituting the words “to be published in the Gazette and published in Singapore in any that will secure adequate publicity in other manner Singapore for the contents of the notice”; (d) by inserting the word “and” at the end of subsection (2)(a); 10 15 20 25 30 84 (e) by deleting paragraphs (b) and (c) of subsection (2) and substituting the following paragraph: “(b) ensure that, for a period of 6 months starting the date the notice is published under subsection (1) in the Gazette, the online location specified in that notice is accessible at all times so that any person respecting may inspect election expenses and statements at that online location.”; and (f) by deleting the words “, or the making of extracts from,” in returns those subsection (2A).
Amendment of section 75A 37.
Section 75A of the principal Act is amended by inserting, immediately after subsection (3), the following subsections: “(3A) In addition to subsection (3), the Returning Officer may, at any time during the period specified in subsection (2), audit or cause to be audited by a person approved by the Returning Officer, any return respecting election expenses transmitted under section 74(1) or 74A(1) (as the case may be) by an election agent of a candidate on behalf of the candidate, in accordance with generally accepted accounting standards to report whether — (a) the return respecting election expenses presents fairly the content contained in the supporting documents on which it is based; and (b) the provisions of relating to returns this Act respecting election expenses and any statement or declaration relating thereto have been in all respects complied with.
(3B) For the purpose of carrying out an audit of any return respecting election expenses by an election agent of a candidate on behalf of the candidate, the Returning Officer or a person 85 approved under subsection (3A) (each called in this subsection and subsection (3C) an auditor) — (a) is to have access at any reasonable time to all of the candidate’s documents and his or her election agent’s documents, and the supporting documents and other records, books, vouchers, documents, stores or other property subject to the audit; and (b) may require the candidate and his or her election agent, or the political party to whom the candidate belongs, to provide any information or explanation that the auditor needs to prepare the auditor’s report under subsection (3A).
(3C) If a candidate or his or her election agent, or a political party refuses access or to provide information or explanation, required under subsection (3B), to an auditor, the auditor may state in the auditor’s report under subsection (3A) that the auditor has not received all the information and explanation required for the purpose of subsection (3B).
(3D) The Returning Officer must not approve any person under subsection (3A) to be an auditor unless the person is an individual who is registered or deemed to be registered in accordance with the Accountants Act 2004 as a public accountant.”.

5 10 15 20 Repeal of sections 78, 78A and 78B 38.

Sections 78, 78A and 78B of the principal Act are repealed.

25 Amendment of section 78C 39.


Section 78C of the principal Act is amended — (a) by inserting, immediately after the words “the results of any election survey” in subsection (1), the words “, or any content purporting to be any result of an election survey,”; and 30 86 (b) by deleting the word “electors” wherever it appears in subsection (3) and substituting in each case the word “voters”.

Amendment of section 78E 40.


Section 78E of the principal Act is amended — (a) by deleting “78A(2), 78B(3),” in subsection (1); (b) by deleting the words “61(1)(c), (d) or (e), 78B(1), 78C(1), 78D(1) or any regulations made under section 78A(1)(b)” in subsection (1)(a) and substituting the words “61(1)(d) or (e), 78C(1) or 78D(1)”; and (c) by deleting the words “election advertising offences” in the section heading and substituting the words “section 78C or 78D offence”.

Amendment of section 82 41.
Section 82 of the principal Act is amended — (a) by deleting the words “within a radius of 200 metres” in subsection (1)(e) and substituting the words “within the restricted zone”; (b) by deleting the words “within a radius of 200 metres of any polling station, and the address of every such office must be registered by the candidate or his or her election agent with the Returning Officer before polling day” in subsection (1A) and substituting the words “within the restricted zone of any polling station”; and (c) by inserting, immediately after subsection (3), the following subsections: “(4) In this section, “restricted zone”, for a polling station, means all of the following, unless otherwise provided in subsection (5): (a) the building, or part of the building, in which the following are, or are to be, located: 87 (i) any polling place of the polling station; (ii) any polling booth or other facility for electors allotted to that polling station are to vote in accordance with this Act; (b) the area within 200 metres of the external edges of a building or part of a building mentioned in paragraph (a); (c) if a building or part of a building mentioned located in any is in paragraph (a) grounds — (i) the area in the grounds; (ii) the area within 200 metres of any outer wall, fence or other structure or feature that marks the boundary of those grounds; and (iii) if the Returning Officer or a presiding officer of that polling station has designated entrances to the grounds under section 36A(4) — the area within 200 metres of each designated entrance to those grounds.
(5) However, “restricted zone” for a polling station does not include premises in the zone mentioned in subsection (4)(b) or (c) that are outside Singapore.”.

Amendment of section 83 42.
Section 83 of the principal Act is amended — (a) by deleting paragraph (a) of subsection (1) and substituting the following paragraph: “(a) who is below 16 years of age;”; (b) by inserting the word “or” at the end of subsection (1)(b); 88 (c) by deleting paragraphs (c) and (d) of subsection (1) and substituting the following paragraph: “(c) who is a foreigner or a foreign entity,”; (d) by deleting subsection (1A); (e) by deleting the words “attending a primary or secondary school as a student or” in subsection (6) and substituting the words “below 16 years of age or is a foreigner or a foreign entity, or”; (f) by deleting “, (1A)” in subsection (7); (g) by inserting, immediately after subsection (8), the following subsection: “(8A) However, “election activity” excludes a third party publishing, or causing to be published, any content in any way that renders the content accessible from the Internet, where all or part of the production of the content or its publication is not paid for, in money or money’s worth, by the third party or by another person who may or may not be a third party.”; and (h) by inserting, immediately after the words “section prohibits” in subsection (9), the words “the taking part in or conduct of election activity by any prescribed in a prescribed class of individual, or individuals, or”.
individual Amendment of section 99 43.
Section 99(1) of the principal Act is amended by deleting paragraph (a) and substituting the following paragraph: “(a) the vote of any person — 30 (i) whose name was not on the register of electors electoral division to which the the for application relates; (ii) who is not allotted under section 13A(3A)(a)(i) or (ba)(i) to the overseas polling station at 89 which the vote was recorded or who is designated under section 13A(3A) as a postal voter for that election, in the case of a vote recorded at an overseas polling station; (iii) who is not allotted under section 36A(1)(c) to the ordinary polling station at which the vote was recorded; 5 (iv) who is not allotted under section 47B(1) to the special polling station at which the vote was recorded, in the case of a vote recorded at a special polling station; or (v) who has not been authorised to vote at the ordinary polling station or special polling station under section 39(1A);”.
New sections 102A and 102B 44.
The principal Act is amended by inserting, immediately after section 102, the following sections: “Regulations relating to crisis management at election 102A.—(1) Subject to this section and section 102B, the Minister may make contingency to enable arrangements to be put in place, should they be required, to enable a Returning Officer to conduct safe, orderly, efficient and timely elections in one or more electoral divisions and support the resilience of Singapore’s democracy, because of a disruptive event which — regulations (a) has occurred or is likely to occur, before or during any stage of an election, in Singapore or in a country where there is established one or more overseas polling stations; and (b) prevents or seriously interrupts, or is likely to prevent or seriously interrupt, the conduct of the election according to the provisions of this Act.
(2) Regulations made under subsection (1) may modify (so far as relevant) the application of any provision of this Act, or any 10 15 20 25 30 90 regulations made under section 47C or 56F, to the conduct of nomination proceedings or a poll, or the counting at any counting place or principal counting place of votes cast, for an election in an electoral division because of a disruptive event.
(3) Regulations made under subsection (1) may include providing for, or providing for the determination personally by the Returning Officer of — (a) a change in — (i) the hours of those nomination proceedings, or of the conduct of the poll or the counting of for an election in an electoral votes cast, division; or (ii) the address of a place of nomination, polling station, counting place or principal counting place; (b) any of the following in relation to those nomination proceedings: (i) a temporary suspension (not exceeding 2 hours); (ii) a postponement or an adjournment and postponement of the day of nomination to a date no later than one month after the date of the writ; (c) any of the following in relation to voting at the poll at one or more polling stations: (i) a temporary suspension (not exceeding 2 hours); (ii) an adjournment and postponement of voting at the poll to a date no later than the 56th day after the date of publication of the notice of contested election in the Gazette under section 34(6)(d) or 34A(6)(d), as the case may be; (iii) abandoning the poll and restarting it on a date no later than the 56th day after the date of 91 publication of the notice of contested election in or section the Gazette 34A(6)(d), as the case may be; 34(6)(d) under (iv) ending voting early; (d) any of the following in relation to the counting at one or more counting places or a principal counting place of votes cast: 5 (i) a temporary suspension (not exceeding 2 hours); (ii) an adjournment and
 postponement of counting of votes cast to a date no later than the 56th day after the date of publication of the notice of contested election in the Gazette under section 34(6)(d) or 34A(6)(d), as the case may be; (iii) abandoning the counting and restarting voting at the poll and counting of votes cast no later than the 56th day after the date of publication of the notice of contested election in the Gazette under section 34(6)(d) or 34A(6)(d), as the case may be; (e) abandoning the counting of votes cast at
 any polling station — (i) if any sealed ballot box containing votes cast at a polling station in the election is, because of a lost or destroyed at any disruptive event, time — (A) after the close of the poll at a polling station; and (B) before the ballot box could reach the counting place specified under this Act for the counting of the votes cast at the polling station; or 10 15 20 25 30 92 (ii) for any other reason, but only if the number of votes likely to have been cast at the polling station will not affect the result of the election; (f) wholly abandoning the poll at an overseas polling station in a foreign country or a special polling station in a nursing home because voting in person thereat cannot start or be resumed or completed due to special circumstances in the foreign country or nursing home, as the case may be; (g) any alternate method of voting by electors at the poll except that any alternate method of voting must be such that an elector casting his or her vote using that method for an election — (i) receives the same information (in the same order), and has the same voting options, as would appear in the ballot paper for the election that the person would be given if he or she were instead voting in person under sections 39 and 42; and (ii) is able to indicate his or her vote in a way that, if he or she were instead marking a ballot paper in person, would satisfy the requirements of section 42; (h) the giving of public notice of — (i) any
 change, suspension, adjournment and postponement, abandonment, new start or resumption mentioned in paragraph (a), (b), (c) or (d), as the case may be; (ii) any abandoning of voting or the counting of votes mentioned in paragraph (e) or (f); and (iii) any alternate method of voting mentioned in paragraph (g); and 93 (i) the witnessing or attesting to any thing (but not voting) through the use of remote communication technology, conferencing, by as tele-conferencing or other electronic means.
video such (4) Regulations made under subsection (1) — (a) must not authorise any person to vote — (i) more than once at any election in or in respect of the same electoral division in which he or she is registered as an elector; (ii) in or in respect of an electoral division other than the electoral division in which he or she is registered as an elector; and (iii) in or in respect of more than one electoral division at any general election; (b) must provide for a record of every vote cast at a polling station but the vote record must not contain any means of identifying the person who cast the vote; (c) must make provision for, or in relation to, how this Act applies in relation to votes cast using an alternate method of voting; and (d) must be consistent with the principles laid down in any provision of the Act that is modified by those regulations.
(5) Regulations made under subsection (1) may make different provisions in relation to different classes of voters affected differently by the same disruptive event occurring or about to occur at an election.

(6) However, nothing in this section limits or affects, or authorises the making of regulations that limit or affect, the operation of section 26.
(7) In this section — “counting”, of votes cast at an election, includes recounting and adding votes cast at the election; 94 “disruptive event” means — (a) riot or open violence; (b) the threat of riot or open violence; (c) a storm, flood, eruption, earthquake, landslip or an occurrence (natural or otherwise) of a similar kind; (d) a health hazard; (e) a fire or a poor air quality episode involving smoke, or the activation of fire safety equipment (such as sprinklers or alarms); (f) the releasing into the environment or any part of the environment or otherwise exposing the public to any toxic chemical or any dangerous, hazardous, radioactive or harmful substance; (g) an accident associated with the operation of an train or public passenger aircraft, vessel, transport motor vehicle where the aircraft, vessel, transport train or public passenger motor vehicle is destroyed or damaged, or missing or completely inaccessible; (h) an unplanned and prolonged outage of any telecommunication or electricity service, or an information and communications system, which is essential for the proper conduct of an election according to the provisions of this Act; and (i) anything else related — (i) to the safety of persons authorised to be present at a place of nomination, polling station, counting place or principal counting place; or (ii) to difficulties in the physical conduct of nomination proceedings, a poll, or the counting or recounting of votes at any counting place or principal counting 5 10 15 20 25
place or principal counting 95 place, for an electoral division at election; the “nomination proceedings” includes — (a) proceedings for the Returning Officer to receive nomination papers; (b) proceedings for the making of objections to any nomination paper; (c) proceedings where a candidate must make his or her deposit for the purposes of section 28, may correct errors in the nomination papers and may withdraw his or her candidature; and (d) proceedings by which a candidate may make his or her indication (regarding his or her name) to the Returning Officer under section 105(1).
Presentation to Parliament, etc.

102B.—(1) All regulations made under this Act must be presented to Parliament as soon as possible after publication in the Gazette.

(2) Where a writ of election has been issued under section 24 for an election in any electoral division, no regulations may be made under this Act until after the day of nomination or, if a poll is to be taken, until after polling day of that election.”.

New section 110 45.
New section 110 45.

The principal Act is amended by inserting, immediately after section 109, the following section: “Service of documents 110.—(1) A document that is permitted or required by this Act to be served on a person may be served as described in this section.
(2) A document permitted or required by this Act to be served on an individual may be served — 30 (a) by giving it to the individual personally; 96 for if no address is so specified, (b) by sending it by prepaid registered post to the address the service of specified by the individual documents or, the individual’s residential address or business address; (c) by leaving it at the individual’s residential address with an adult apparently resident there, or at the individual’s business address with an adult apparently employed there; (d) by affixing a copy of the document in a conspicuous the individual’s residential address or place at business address; (e) by sending it by fax to the fax number last known to the person giving or serving the document as the fax the service of documents on the for number individual; or (f) by sending it by email to the individual’s last email address.
(3) A document permitted or required by this Act to be served on a partnership (other than a limited liability partnership) may be served — (a) by giving it to any partner or other similar officer of the partnership; (b) by leaving it at, or by sending it by prepaid registered post to, the partnership’s business address; (c) by sending it by fax to the fax number used at the partnership’s business address; or (d) by sending it by email to the partnership’s last email address.
(4) A document permitted or required by this Act to be served on a body corporate (including a limited liability partnership) or an unincorporated association may be served — (a) by giving it to the secretary or other similar officer of the body corporate or unincorporated association, or the limited liability partnership’s manager; 97 (b) by leaving it at, or by sending it by prepaid registered the body corporate’s or unincorporated post association’s registered office or principal office in Singapore; to, (c) by sending it by fax to the fax number used at the body corporate’s or unincorporated association’s registered office or principal office in Singapore; or (d) by sending it by email to the body corporate’s or unincorporated association’s last email address.
(5) In addition, a document permitted or required by this Act to be served on an individual, a partnership, a body corporate or an unincorporated association may be served — (a) by giving an electronic notice to the individual, partnership, body corporate or unincorporated association (called in this section an addressee) by the addressee’s chosen means of notification, stating that the document is available and how the addressee may use the addressee’s chosen means of access to access the document’s contents; (b) where by the exercise of reasonable diligence, the name of any individual or a body of persons to whom the document is to be served, or the business address, the residential address or individual or body, cannot be ascertained — by posting it on a website that is maintained by the Government and prescribed by the Minister by notification in the Gazette for this purpose; or last email address of (c) by any other method authorised by the regulations for the service of documents of that kind if the addressee consents (expressly or impliedly) to service of a document of that kind in that way.
(6) Service of a document under this section takes effect — (a) if the document is sent by fax and a notification of successful transmission is received — on the day of transmission; 98 (b) if the document is sent by email — at the time that the email becomes capable of being retrieved by the person to whom it is sent; (c) if the document is sent by prepaid registered post — 2 days after the day the document was posted (even if it is returned undelivered); or (d) if the document is posted on a website mentioned in subsection (5)(b) — at the beginning of the day after the date on which subsection (5)(b) has been complied with.
(7) However, service of any document under this Act on a person by email or by an electronic notice at the person’s chosen means of notification, may be effected only with the person’s prior consent (express or implied) to service in that way.

(8) This section does not apply to documents to be served in proceedings in court.
(9) In this section — “Act” includes any subsidiary legislation made under this Act; “business address” means — (a) in the case of an individual, the individual’s last known place of business in usual or Singapore; or (b) in the case of a partnership (other than a limited liability partnership), the partnership’s principal or last known place of business in Singapore; “chosen means of access”, for an addressee on whom is or is to be served a document permitted or required by this Act, means an electronic means the addressee agrees with the person giving or serving the document as the means by which the addressee may access that document’s contents; “chosen means of notification”, for an addressee on whom is or is to be served a document permitted or required by 99 this Act, means an electronic means that the addressee nominates to the person giving or serving the document as the means by which the addressee may be notified that such a document has been served on the addressee; “document” includes a notice permitted or required by this Act to be served; “last email address” means the last email address given by the addressee concerned to the person giving or serving the document as the email address for the service of documents under this Act; “residential address” means an individual’s usual or last known place of residence in Singapore.”.
Related amendments to Foreign Interference (Countermeasures) Act 2021 46.—(1) The Foreign Interference (Countermeasures) Act 2021 is amended — (a) by deleting subsection (3) of section 3; (b) by deleting substituting “(4)”; “(6)” in subsection 25(2) and (c) by inserting, immediately after the words “provider of” in section 33(2), the words “a social media service or relevant electronic service or”; (d) by deleting the words “, using the internet access service,” in section 33(2); (e) by deleting the words “a proscribed” in section 33(2) and substituting the word “an”; and (f) by inserting, immediately after the words “must-carry the words “a remedial direction,” in section 45(3), must-carry direction, an account restriction direction,”.
(2) The Foreign Interference (Countermeasures) Act 2021 is amended — 30 100 (a) by deleting the word “named” in the definition of “election agent” in section 3(1) and substituting the words “appointed or treated as appointed”; (b) by deleting sub-paragraph (ii) of paragraph (a) of the definition of “polling day” in section 3(1) and substituting the following sub-paragraph: “(ii) under section 50C(3)(b)(ii) of the Parliamentary Elections Act 1954 or under under regulations made section 102A of that Act as the other day that the polling day for an election is postponed to, that section or those regulations apply; or”; if (c) by deleting sub-paragraph (ii) of paragraph (b) of the definition of “polling day” in section 3(1) and substituting the following sub-paragraph: “(ii) under section 33C(3)(b)(ii) of the Presidential Elections Act 1991 or under regulations made under section 81A of that Act as the other the polling day for an day that election is postponed to, that section or those regulations apply;”; immediately after the words “has been appointed” in paragraphs (a) and (b) of the definition of “principal election agent” in section 3(1), the words “or is treated as appointed”; if (d) by inserting, (e) by deleting “(4)” in section 51(7) and substituting “(3)”; (f) by inserting, immediately after the words “political office holder” in paragraph (d)(ii) of the definition of “initial relevant period” in section 58(3), the words “, a senior political party official”; 101 (g) by
 deleting the words “early initial” in paragraph (b)(i) and (ii) of the definition of “initial pre-election period” in section 62(3); (h) by inserting, immediately “in paragraph (a)” in paragraph (b) of the definition of “initial reporting period” in section 62(3), the words “or such a candidate’s election agent”; the words after (i) by deleting the words “a prohibited donor in relation to the politically significant person” in section 65(3)(c)(iii) and substituting the words “a donor who is not a permissible
 donor”; (j) by inserting, immediately after the words “contravening subsection” in section 66(7), the words “(1) or”; (k) by deleting the word “direction” in section 67(1)(c) and substituting the word “directive”; (l) by deleting the words “or such a candidate’s election agent” in paragraph (a) of the definition of “initial reporting period” in section 76(4); (m) by inserting, immediately after the words “early initial election” in paragraph (a)(i) of the definition of “initial reporting period” in section 76(4), the words “(as defined in section 55)”; (n) by deleting the words “early initial” in paragraph (a)(ii)(A) and (B) of the definition of “initial reporting period” in section 76(4); (o) by inserting, immediately after “politically significant person” in section 76(4), following definition: the definition of the “ “pre-election period”, for an election, means a period of 12 months preceding — (a) the date a declaration is made by the candidate under subsection (2) before nomination day at that election; or 102 (b) a date which is 2 clear days before nomination day at that election if no declaration in paragraph (a) is earlier made;”; mentioned 5 (p) by inserting, immediately after the words “pre-election period” in section 77(1)(a), the words “(as defined in section 76)”; (q) by deleting paragraph (c) of section 91(2); and (r) by deleting the word “section” in section 108(2)(a)(iii).
10 Consequential amendment to Town Councils Act 1988 47.

Section 2(4) of the Town Councils Act 1988 is amended by inserting, immediately after the words “under section”, the words “33 or”.

Saving and transitional provisions 15 48.

For a period of 2 years after the date of commencement of any provision of this Act, the Minister may, by regulations, prescribe such provisions of a saving or transitional nature consequent on the enactment of that provision as the Minister may consider necessary or expedient.
103 EXPLANATORY STATEMENT This Bill seeks to amend the Parliamentary Elections Act 1954 primarily for the following purposes: (a) to provide for special voting arrangements for electors who are in-patients or residents of nursing homes; (b) to allow for postal voting to be undertaken by overseas electors; (c) to reform the law on election advertising; (d) to allow for greater use of technology to ensure more efficient voter registration and election processes; (e) to provide more flexibility in addressing disruptive events affecting elections.
The Bill also makes consequential and related amendments to the Foreign Interference (Countermeasures) Act 2021 and the Town Councils Act 1988.

Clause 1 relates to the short title and commencement.

Clause 2 amends section 2 by replacing definitions or setting out new definitions because of the amendments in the Bill.
In particular, there is an extended meaning of “publish” which would apply to provisions which use that expression and are not directly amended by the Bill, such as section 78D regarding exit polls on polling day.

Clause 3 amends section 5(1A) by simplifying the criteria by which a non-resident citizen of Singapore is deemed to be ordinarily resident in Singapore and be qualified to be on a register of electors.
The requirement that the individual must be, on the prescribed date in a year, have resided in Singapore for an aggregate of 30 days during the period of 3 years immediately preceding the prescribed date, is replaced by keeping and maintaining a contact address under section 10(2) of the National Registration Act 1965 on that prescribed date.

The prescribed date means the cut-off date for qualifying to be on the register of electors.
The amendments in clause 3 are connected with those in clause 6 relating to the registration of overseas electors.

Clause 4 amends section 8 concerning electoral divisions.

The amendment will allow the boundaries of electoral divisions to be described in more than one way.

The present method of describing electoral divisions in the Gazette in prose, specifying their boundaries by metres, bounds and coordinates is retained.
The amendment introduces another method, which is by one or more maps or images in the Gazette, containing details and markings that delineate the boundaries of each electoral division.
104 To ensure accessibility of the information about electoral division boundaries where one or more maps or images are published in the Gazette, the Registration Officer is required by the amendments to — (a) prepare and certify further maps on a scale larger than the published map or maps; (b) make the further maps available for free inspection by any member of the public at a reasonable hour on any day, and for sale at a reasonable cost; and (c) establish and maintain a website at which the maps or images of the electoral division may be accessed free of charge online 24/7.
The Registration Officer has to publish in the same notification in the Gazette, a notice containing particulars of the website at which the maps or images of the electoral division may be accessed free of charge online, and the place at which the further maps or other images may be inspected, by the public.

Clause 5 amends section 11, which deals with claims and objections to entries in a register of electors prepared for any electoral division.
Section 11(9B) is amended to allow the Registration Officer to reject a claim to be entitled to be included in a register, without first holding any public inquiry, if the claim is frivolous or vexatious.

For example, the claim may contain no difference in the claimant’s particulars in the registers.

Clause 6 amends section 13A, which concerns registration of overseas electors.

The amendments in this clause relate to those in clause 3.
The first change is to the criteria for a citizen entered in a register of electors for an electoral division to be registered as an overseas elector.

To be qualified to be registered as an overseas elector, the registered elector has to be resident in Singapore for an aggregate of 30 days during the period of 3 years immediately preceding the date the person applies to the Registration Officer to be registered as an overseas elector.
This is a relaxation from the present criteria, which is an aggregate of 30 days during the period of 3 years immediately preceding the cut-off date for qualifying to be on the register of electors.

This will give more time for non-resident electors to register as overseas electors.

The next change is expanding how an overseas elector can cast his or her vote.
The amendments provide 2 voting facilities for a citizen who is registered as an overseas elector, and he or she is given a choice as to which facility he or she wants to use to cast his or her vote in a parliamentary election or presidential election.

A citizen who is registered as an overseas elector may apply to cast his or her vote either in person at an overseas polling station or by the postal voting method prescribed under the Act as amended by the Bill.
The options are mutually 105 exclusive; he or she cannot choose postal voting in addition to voting in person at an overseas polling station.

If the registered overseas elector opts to vote in an election in person at an overseas polling station, he or she can vote in person at the overseas polling station or in person at a polling station in Singapore.

This present situation is not changed by the amendments in the Bill.
If the registered overseas elector opts to vote in an election via postal voting, he or she can cast the vote and have it mailed or sent back to the Returning Officer for counting or vote in person at a polling station in Singapore.

The option as to which voting facility a registered overseas elector wants to use may be changed at any time before the third day after the issue of the writ of election for a parliamentary election or presidential election.
The third change is to minimise accidental disenfranchisement among overseas electors by relieving them from having to re-apply to retain that status each time the certified register of electors is superseded.
The amendments provide for the continuation of the registration of any person as an overseas elector unless the person applies to cancel the person’s registration as an overseas elector and the Registration Officer cancels accordingly, or the person’s name is expunged or removed from the register of electors.

There is also one other situation where a person’s registration as an overseas elector ends.
This can occur when the registers of electors are prepared under section 10(1) or (1A) or revised under section 14 for any year.

Where the Registration Officer, after proper inquiry, is satisfied that the person has not resided in Singapore for an aggregate of 30 days during the period of 3 years immediately preceding the prescribed date of that year, the Registration Officer may cancel the overseas elector registration.
Where a person’s registration as an overseas elector is so cancelled by the Registration Officer, the Registration Officer has power to restore the person’s registration upon an application by the person to the Registration Officer for a reconsideration of the cancellation.

However, this also does not prevent the affected elector making an application to re-register as an overseas elector to vote at the next election.
He or she can return to Singapore more frequently and show that he or she has been resident in Singapore for an aggregate of 30 days during the period of 3 years immediately preceding the date the person applies to the Registration Officer to be re-registered as an overseas elector, in order to be re-registered.
Finally, clause 6 amends section 13A to deem any overseas elector whose name is entered in the certified register of electors in operation for an electoral division as registered as an overseas elector for that electoral division.

106 Clause 7 amends section 15(2) on where a revised register of electors may be open for inspection.
The public notice that the Registration Officer has to give upon the completion of the revised register of electors will state that the revised register may be inspected at the same places that completed registers and claims and objections may be inspected.

This is in addition to the present means, which is in-person inspection at the office of the Registration Officer or at any other place or places in or outside Singapore as may be specified in the notice.
Clause 8 amends section 20 to align where certified registers of electors may be inspected with the amendments in clause 7.

The amendment allows for the certified registers to be open for inspection at any other place or places in or outside Singapore as may be specified in the notice as well as in any other manner as may be specified in the public notice that the Registration Officer is required to give once a register of electors is certified.
Clause 9 amends section 27(2), which relates to nomination papers for an election in a single member constituency.

The amendment is to make clear that the nomination paper of a candidate must set out his or her full name, as indicated on the candidate’s identity card.

Clause 10 makes a similar amendment to section 27B(2), which relates to nomination papers for an election in a group representation constituency.

Clause 11 amends section 28, which concerns election deposits.
The amendment allows for an earlier return of the election deposit to successfully returned candidates.

Section 28(4) is deleted and substituted to enable the return of the election deposit in all cases after the results of the election in the electoral division concerned are published in the Gazette under section 33 (if the election is uncontested) or section 51 (if the election is contested).
There is no longer a need for a successfully returned candidate to wait till the new Parliament is convened when he or she takes his or her oath of office as a Member of Parliament (MP) for the election deposit to be refunded.

Clause 12 amends section 34 to require the notice of contested election in a single member constituency to also state the day and hours of the poll at every special polling station established under the new section 47A.
Clause 13 makes a similar amendment to section 34A(6) in relation to the notice of contested election for a group representation constituency.

Clause 14 amends section 36A, which concerns the setting up of polling stations.
The amendment will allow the Returning Officer to establish an ordinary polling station outside an electoral division (called electoral division X) in another 107 electoral division that has a common boundary with electoral division X, for the conduct of the poll for electoral division X.

However, the Returning Officer can do so only if he or she is satisfied that doing so is conducive to the convenience of a large number of electors residing near the common boundary.
Clause 14 also amends section 36A to enable better crowd control at ordinary polling stations and special polling stations, which are located within land that has a boundary fence or another structure or feature to mark the boundary of the land (defined to mean “grounds” in clause 2).

These are usually larger polling stations found within schools.
Under the amendment, the Returning Officer is empowered to designate an entrance to those grounds as a designated entrance to the polling station and the routes that electors have to use to access the polling places within the polling station and the polling booths.

An official sign has to be erected or set up to indicate the designated entrance to those grounds.
The designating of entrances for these usually larger polling stations will facilitate a more definitive restricted signage zone and restricted zone under the new section 61J on traditional election advertising, and the amended section 82 on preventing undue influence on polling day at and near a polling station (see clause 41).

Clause 15 amends section 39, which concerns admittance into polling stations, mainly to address the 3 categories of polling stations under the Act as amended by the Bill.
These are ordinary polling stations and special polling stations in Singapore, and overseas polling stations outside Singapore.

A person must not be admitted to an ordinary polling station to vote in person at an election unless the person is allotted under section 36A(1)(c) to that ordinary polling station.
An overseas elector must not be admitted to an overseas polling station to vote in person at an election in any electoral division unless the person is registered as an overseas elector is not designated under that electoral division, section 13A(3A) as a postal voter for that election and is allotted under section 13A(3A) to that overseas polling station.
for Finally, a person must not be admitted to a special polling station to vote in person at an election unless the person is allotted under section 47B(1) to that special polling station.

The other amendment in clause 15 is to section 39(3), which is consequential to the repeal of sections 56C and 56DA by clause 28.
Clause 16 repeals section 39A, which deals with voting at overseas polling stations, as the provisions on facilities exclusive to overseas electors are relocated to the new sections 56A to 56F.

108 Clause 17 amends section 42(5) by replacing the old-fashioned reference to a person being “incapacitated” due to blindness or other physical cause with the person being blind or having a physical disability.
Due to the introduction of special polling arrangements for voters at nursing homes and postal voting by overseas electors, clause 18 amends section 43 (on compulsory voting) to provide for when an elector in these new voting conditions is to be treated as having recorded his or her vote and therefore will not be expunged from the registers of electors.

If the elector’s name is expunged, the elector has to pay for his or her name to be restored in the absence of a reasonable excuse.
First, an elector who is allotted to a special polling station under the new section 47B(1) for the purposes of the poll in an electoral division and who attends in person at a polling place in the special polling station to vote or has his or her vote taken by a mobile polling team deployed at the special polling station, must be treated under section 43 as having recorded his or her vote at the election in the electoral division for which he or she is registered.
Second, where an overseas elector who is designated as a postal voter applies for postal voting papers to be issued to him or her during the postal voting period for an election, he or she is to be treated as having recorded his or her vote at the election in the electoral division for which he or she is registered.
It does not matter whether his or her postal voting papers reached Singapore or were received by the Returning Officer on time for counting or whether the elector posted or sent his or her postal voting papers back to the Returning Officer.
Treating an application for postal voting papers as if casting a vote is confined to the purpose of section 43, which is whether or not to expunge a name from the register of electors, and does not extend to other provisions in the Act, like the offence of personation in section 57.

Clause 19 introduces new sections 47A, 47B and 47C which enable the provision of special polling arrangements by the Returning Officer to service the voting needs of the in-patients or residents of nursing homes.
The new section 47A empowers the Returning Officer to establish all or part of a nursing home as a special polling station, and to authorise special polling arrangements to be provided to enable electors who are in-patients or residents of the nursing home during the election period to cast their votes there.
The special polling arrangements can be in either form as follows: (a) by establishing polling places within the special polling station as the Returning Officer considers necessary, so that the resident does not need to leave the nursing home and travel to his or her ordinary polling station to vote but can cast his or her vote in person at one of those polling places; 109 (b) by deploying one or more mobile polling teams to visit in-patients or residents of the nursing home to take the votes of those in-patients or residents.
These special arrangements are to meet the voting needs of this class of electors and are not provided as a matter of course.

The new section 47A sets out factors which the Returning Officer has to take into account before providing for special polling arrangements.
If the person in charge of a nursing home where a special polling station is established informs a presiding officer who is a member of a mobile polling team deployed at that special polling station that a visit to an in-patient or a resident is forbidden on medical grounds, the mobile polling team must not visit the in-patient or resident to take the in-patient’s or resident’s vote.
A poll and voting in an election involving electors residing in a nursing home where a special polling station is established must be conducted, as far as practicable, in the same manner as that in which a poll and voting at an ordinary polling station is conducted under the Act.

The new section 47B provides that voting at a special polling station is in lieu of voting at an ordinary polling station.
The new section 47C empowers the Minister to make regulations to modify the application of any provision of the Act to the conduct of polls in any special polling station established in a nursing home.

This may include regulations that set out the manner of voting at the special polling station, including the taking of votes by mobile polling teams and fixing the maximum number of polling agents who may be admitted to a special polling station.
Given the surrounding environment of a special polling station and the distinct class of electors it will serve, the regulations may also provide for the admission of any person who is employed by the nursing home (whether or not a citizen of Singapore) into any polling place in the special polling station or authorising the presence of such an employee, for the purpose of providing any assistance to the presiding officers, mobile polling team or any elector at the special polling station.
Clause 20 amends section 48A on the procedure on closing of a poll.

The amendment removes the requirement for the Returning Officer to direct the time for counting the votes at a specified counting place, and for aggregating the votes at a principal counting place if there is more than one specified counting place.

The counting of votes at a counting place will start upon receipt of all the ballot boxes containing the votes that are to be counted at that counting place.
The aggregation of the votes at a principal counting place will also start upon receipt of all the results of the votes that are counted at each counting place.

There is no need to wait for an hour specified before starting.

110 Clause 21 amends section 49 (on counting of votes) to enable the use of counting machines as part of the counting process, and to remove the requirement for the Returning Officer to keep the ballot papers with their faces upwards while counting the votes.
The amendment provides that votes cast may be counted manually, or by mechanical or electronic means.

While the amendment removes the requirement to keep the ballot papers with their faces upwards while counting the votes, the amendment imposes a duty on the Returning Officer to take all proper precautions to ensure voter secrecy.

Clause 22 repeals section 49A (on counting of votes by overseas electors) which is consequential to amendments in clause 28.
Clause 23 amends section 49B (on recounting of votes by overseas electors) which is consequential to amendments in clause 28.

Clauses 24 and 25 amend sections 51 and 52 which are consequential to amendments in clause 28.

Clause 26 amends the offences in section 55 to deal with postal voting.

The present offences already deal with improper handling of ballot papers, which will extend to include postal ballot papers by definition.
The amendments make it an offence to forge or counterfeit, or fraudulently deface or destroy any return envelope, which is defined by the amendments in clause 2 to be the envelope designed and intended to be used exclusively to contain a postal ballot paper.

The offences in section 55(1)(c), (d) and (e) are also extended to apply to the return envelope.
For example, supplying any return envelope without due authority to any person, selling or offering to sell any return envelope or buying or offering to buy any return envelope, or unauthorised possession of a return envelope which has been marked with the official mark.
New offences of putting into any return envelope anything other than the postal ballot paper, which is authorised by law to put in, and intentionally opening, unsealing, damaging or tampering with a sealed return envelope without due authority are also created by clause 26.
As the conduct that constitutes the offence is likely to take place outside Singapore, section 55 is amended to extend to any citizen of Singapore (whether or not a voter or an elector) who engages in any conduct that constitutes an offence described, either outside Singapore or partly in Singapore.

This is consistent with the present section 39A(5).
Clause 27 makes a consequential amendment to section 56 (on maintenance of secrecy at elections) arising from regulations which may be made under the new section 47C providing for the admission of any person who is employed by the 111 nursing home (whether or not a citizen of Singapore) into any polling place in the special polling station or authorising the presence of such an employee, for the purpose of providing any assistance to the presiding officers, mobile polling team or any elector at the special polling station.
Clause 28 repeals the provisions which deal with disruptive events affecting election proceedings and replaces that with new sections 56A to 56G relating to voting by overseas electors and the introduction of postal voting for overseas electors.

The new section 56A covers overseas electors who are not designated as postal voters.

Such an overseas elector has a choice to vote in person at an overseas polling station or in Singapore at an ordinary polling station.
The new section 56B deals with overseas electors who are designated as postal voters.

A postal voter has a choice to cast his or her vote using the postal voting method or attend in person in Singapore at an ordinary polling station.

The new section 56B(3) describes how an overseas elector who is a designated postal voter is to cast a vote by the postal voting method.
All the following steps in the sequence below must be taken by such an overseas elector before the end of the postal voting period: (a) apply to the Returning Officer, once the postal voting period of that election starts, for postal voting papers to be issued to the overseas elector.
The application has to be done in the manner prescribed by regulations made under the new section 56F; (b) mark the overseas elector’s vote on the postal ballot paper comprised in the postal voting papers issued on application, fold the postal ballot paper and insert it in the return envelope comprised in the postal voting papers so issued, and then seal the return envelope.
This has to be done the new in the manner prescribed by regulations made under section 56F; (c) take the steps prescribed by those regulations with respect to those postal voting papers in order to indicate the date of posting or sending; (d) as soon as practicable after the return envelope is sealed, the overseas elector must himself or herself post or deliver the sealed return envelope to the Returning Officer in Singapore.
Alternatively, the overseas elector may entrust the sealed return envelope to a person for posting or delivery to the Returning Officer in Singapore.

The period for postal voting for an election in an electoral division starts on the day immediately after the day of nomination at the election, and ends on (and includes) the eve of polling day in Singapore at that election.

See the definition inserted by clause 2.

112 The new section 56C sets out a stage unique for votes cast by the postal voting method.
This stage takes place just before counting of postal ballot papers starts.

The stage involves an examination of return envelopes.

The Returning Officer has to accept for counting all return envelopes received before the end of the 10th day after polling day in Singapore unless he or she is not satisfied the return envelope is authentic, was received on time or is not opened or tampered with.
The new section 56C also deals with the situation where a return envelope may contain several ballot papers and where multiple return envelopes from the same designated postal voter are received.

The new section 56D deals with the counting of votes cast by overseas electors at overseas polling stations or via the postal voting method.

The new section 56E re-enacts the repealed section 49A on ascertaining the final election results after the votes of overseas electors have been counted.
The new section 56F empowers the Minister to make regulations modifying the application of any provision of the Act to the conduct of polls in overseas polling stations, and to provide procedural details as to the postal voting method.
The new section 56G creates a new offence for a person to whom an envelope containing or purporting to contain a postal ballot paper is given by an overseas elector for the purpose of delivery or sending to the Returning Officer, and who had agreed to deliver or send the envelope, if the person, without reasonable excuse, fails to deliver or send the envelope promptly.
Clause 29 amends section 61, which sets out the offence of a corrupt practice, primarily due to the amendments in clause 30 on election advertising.

The corrupt practice of contravening the published-by requirements in the present section 61(1)(c) is deleted as it is re-enacted in a more comprehensive form by clause 30 as the new section 61C.

Section 61(5) and (6) is also deleted for the same reason.
To support the right to protection against unlawful attacks on reputation but without criminalising dissemination of falsehoods unknown to the sender and accidental dissemination, the corrupt practices in section 61(1)(d) and (e) are amended to introduce the mental element of knowingly making or publishing in Singapore, before or during an election period, a false statement about the personal conduct or character of a candidate or a false statement of the withdrawal of a candidate, for the purpose of affecting election results.
Finally, the corrupt practice in section 61(1)(f) relating to returns of election expenses is also extended to cover corrected returns, because of the amendment in clause 35.

Clause 30 amends Part 3 by inserting 4 new Divisions which reform the law relating to election advertising so as to better support free and informed voting at 113 elections which is essential to Singapore’s system of representative government and to apply the new requirements to modern communication activities.
The election advertising covered can be online election advertising, non-online election advertising that is not traditional election advertising, and traditional election advertising.

“Online election advertising” is defined in the amendments in clause 2 to mean is published in any way that renders the election election advertising that advertising accessible from the Internet.
“Non-online election advertising” is also defined in the amendments in clause 2 to mean election advertising that is not online election advertising.

Examples of election advertising that may be covered by this definition include election advertising by way of SMS, MMS, telephone calls, clothing, films that are not party political films, advertising painted on or shown on top of a private car or a drone, and a drone formation against the night sky.
The last class of election advertising covered is a sub-group of non-online election advertising, called “traditional election advertising”.
Clause 2 amends section 2 to define this as consisting of election advertising in the form of — (a) a banner, flag or poster; (b) a billboard, sky sign, hoarding, signboard, digital display panel or free-standing advertising structure; (c) any text, colour or image (moving or still) which is projected on to any external surface of a building or structure by light or any other means; or (d) a blimp, a gas-inflated balloon or other like object which is attached or anchored to the ground and upon which information or material is displayed.
The controls in the 4 new Divisions inserted by clause 30 cover election advertising which is published in Singapore or is publicly displayed in Singapore.

As the Internet is borderless, the new Divisions inserted by clause 30 have extra-territorial application if the subject matter is online election advertising.
Clause 2 amends section 2 to provide that where any content is published by electronic means, the content is to be taken to be published in Singapore if — (a) any person physically present in Singapore accesses or can have access to the content, even if the content originates wholly outside Singapore or is published by a person outside Singapore or the origin of which cannot be determined; or (b) the content originates in Singapore, even if none of the persons capable of having access to the content is physically present in Singapore.
114 It therefore does not matter if the act of publishing is done outside Singapore.

So long as the content published on the Internet can be encountered, read, viewed, heard or otherwise experienced by a person physically present in Singapore, the content on the Internet will be treated as published in Singapore.

Clause 2 further amends section 2 to address the technological challenges to the application of the provisions in the Act, especially in connection with election advertising.
First, clause 2 contains a new section 2(5) to deal with hyperlinks and QR codes.

Any content consisting of or including a hyperlink is taken to include the content accessed directly via the hyperlink.

Any content consisting of or including an item or image on which data is stored electronically is taken to include content accessed by means of the item or image.
Next, a new section 2(6)(b) makes clear that for content that is published by electronic means, the word “publish” includes the act of posting or forwarding to, or sharing with, other end-users of an electronic service the content on or by the electronic service.

Clause 2 also introduces an extended meaning of “publish” for content that is published by electronic means and accessible from the Internet.
The new section 2(6) extends “publish” to include taking any step to amplify the access to earlier published content by persons physically present in Singapore.

For example, by boosting the search engine results for the earlier posted content.
The amendments in clause 2 also make clear that for any non-online election advertising, and any other election advertising that is not published by electronic means, the election advertising is taken to be published in Singapore if it is left in such a position and in such circumstances as to indicate that it is intended to be available for collection by members of the public who are in a public place.

The new Division 1 contains 5 new sections.


The new section 61A articulates the purpose for the various controls on election advertising.
They are to promote free and informed voting at elections by enhancing — (a) the transparency of the electoral system, by allowing voters to know who is communicating election advertising; (b) the accountability of those persons participating in public debate relating to any election, by making those persons responsible for their communications; and (c) the traceability of communications of election advertising, by ensuring that obligations imposed by the new Divisions 1, 2, 3 and 4 in relation to those communications can be enforced.
115 The new sections 61B, 61C, 61D and 61E apply regardless if the person is a candidate, a candidate’s election agent, a political party, or is none of the preceding (called a “third party”).

The election advertising covered is one that relates to the election in question.
Clause 2 introduces an interpretive provision which states that an election advertising relates to an election if it contains an express or implicit reference to — (a) the election in the electoral division; (b) an individual who is a candidate at the election in the electoral division in his or her capacity as a candidate (and not in some other capacity, like as a Town Councillor or political office holder); (c) a political party, or the interests of a political party, with one or more candidates at the election in the electoral division; or (d) an issue submitted or otherwise before electors in the election.
Any other content which does not contain any of the above will not be restricted under the new sections 61B and 61C.

The new section 61B re-enacts the requirements presently found in its section 61(1)(c) that election advertising must bear information about publisher.
Contravention of any of the requirements will be a corrupt practice which is a criminal offence, conviction of which not only results in a fine or imprisonment or both, but the convicted person becomes incapable for a period of 7 years from the date of his or her conviction of being registered as an elector or of voting at any election under the Act or of being elected as the President or an MP.
To ensure that voters are aware of who is communicating to them and enable voters to assess the credibility of the information they rely on when forming their political judgment and selecting their representatives in the Parliament, every election advertising published in Singapore must show on or in it, and in the manner (including language) prescribed by the election advertising regulations, the identity particulars of all the following persons: (a) any person who authorised making available to the general public the election advertising; (b) any person who approved the content in the election advertising, if the content is approved before the election advertising was published if the person is not in paragraph (a).
It does not matter whether or not that person is also a person who paid for any part of the production of the content or the publication of the election advertising; (c) any person for whom or at whose direction the election advertising was published if the person is not in paragraph (a) or (b).
116 This is intended to ensure that the information to voters is useful as covering the person who is actually responsible for the publishing of election advertising or having sufficient authority to publish the content without the content being approved by someone else, rather than other persons involved in the publication process who may not necessarily be responsible.
As is the present law today, if the election advertising is printed, the identity particulars of the printer must also be shown on or in it.

The new section 61B(1) adds a new requirement for election advertising that is (which includes distribution or production).
For every election paid for advertising published in Singapore where all or part of the production of the content that is or includes the election advertising, or the publication of the election advertising, is paid for in money or money’s worth by the person or by another person, the election advertising has to show on or in it, and in the manner (including language) prescribed by the election advertising regulations — (a) the fact that the production of the content that is or includes the election advertising, or the publication of the election advertising (as the case may be) is paid for; and (b) the identity particulars of the person who paid to produce the content that is or includes the election advertising, or the publication of the election advertising, as the case may be.
The new section 61S(1) defines what is money’s worth.

The new section 61B(1) applies where the election advertising is published on its own, as part of other content or made available contained in something else, such as a thumb drive containing a text or film of a political party’s manifesto or a candidate’s speeches.
Under the new section 61B(2), a similar set of “published-by” requirements applies to election advertising which is publicly displayed, whether on its own or contained in something else (like a QR code on a poster).

Clause 2 inserts in section 2 a new definition of “publicly display” relating to visible content.
Content is taken to be publicly displayed if the content is displayed within a public place or in any place in a way so that anyone in a public place can see the content from inside or outside the firstmentioned place.

For example, a printer is contracted to print handbills with an election slogan supplied by A, who is one of the senior campaign staff for candidate X.

A developed the content of the slogan and provided it to the printer after consulting the election agent of candidate X.
Every handbill distributed to the general public by volunteers given by the election agent of candidate X an authority to conduct election activity, has to bear on its face, the identity particulars of — (a) candidate X for whom the handbill is published; 117 (b) the election agent of candidate X at whose direction and authorisation the handbills are distributed to the general public; (c) A who approved the content of the slogan; and (d) the printer even though the printer does not approve the content of the slogan and the printer did not make the decision to distribute the handbills.
The names of the volunteers who are carrying out the distribution of the handbills do not need to be included as they are in no position to make the decision to distribute the handbills.

In another example, a marketing firm is engaged by the Sky Party to run the general election campaign as the Sky Party is fielding several candidates in the general election.
The marketing firm designs a communications strategy using a wide range of media including using blimps with an eye-catching design comprising the Sky Party logo and manifesto, internet advertisements, bulk text messages and voice calls through a call centre, boosting the search results of the Sky Party in commonly used Internet search engines, and celebrity endorsement using social media influencers.
The marketing firm directs a social media influencer to post on the account of the social media influencer, a positive post about the political party.

The social media influencer does so without anything in return as she feels passionately that the political party is best for the country.

The contents of the post were approved by the political party.
The message posted on the account of the social media influencer has to bear on its face — (a) the identity particulars of the social media influencer since she retains ultimate control over what she says or will not say in the post using her account; (b) the identity particulars of the marketing firm who directed the post to be made; (c) the identity particulars of the political party which approved the content of the post and who paid for the production and publication of the content; and (d) the fact that the post is sponsored since the marketing firm’s services were paid for despite the social media influencer not receiving any money or money’s worth for posting.
Even if the marketing firm refuses any payment for running the general election campaign, whether in cash or in kind, all posts by the social media influencer that the marketing firm has produced and distributed for the Sky Party must bear all the abovementioned particulars except the fact that the post is sponsored.
118 Even if the social media influencer was contracted and remunerated by the marketing firm to post the content, her identity particulars should still be shown, as she has control over making the content available using her account and authorises the publication.

The blimps showing the design comprising the Sky Party logo and manifesto are arranged by the marketing firm to be deployed by tethering to grounds outside several shopping centres.
A specialised balloonist business is contracted by the marketing firm to carry out the deployment.

The design depicted on the blimp is produced by an in-house artist of the marketing firm and is approved by the Sky Party with a few edits.
The message on the blimp has to bear on its face — (a) the identity particulars of the marketing firm that made the arrangements for the blimp to be deployed; (b) the identity particulars of the Sky Party which approved the design and that paid the marketing firm to design a communications strategy which included the use of blimps; (c) the identity particulars of the specialised balloonist business if it printed the design on the balloon signs supplied; and (d) the fact that the election advertising is sponsored since the use of blimps and the grounds around the shopping centres had to be paid for.
The identity particulars of the specialised balloonist business do not need to be included if it did not print the design on the balloons it supplied because the specialised balloonist business does not make the decision whether to deploy the blimps.

In another example, candidate X sees an online post from the incumbent MP, against whom he is running, making an electoral promise.

Candidate X reposts his opponent’s post, with the comment “Shameful reversal of earlier promises!
Which voter can now believe you?”.

Here, the incumbent MP had authorised the original post.

Candidate X authorises the repost (which includes the original post) and his comment on it.

Candidate X has to include his identity particulars.
However, the provider of the electronic service used to post the messages does not need to be identified in either post so long as the service provider did not make the decision to post, does not approve the content or the post and does nothing to the nature or content of the post.

The electronic service provider does not authorise the post.
Finally, B feels passionately that candidate X is the best candidate running in B’s single member constituency and B hires a local call centre to ring people in his constituency to convince them to vote for candidate X.

B provides a script to the call centre to use and asks the call centre to proceed with contacting voters by calling or by sending an SMS message.
The calls must mention the identity particulars of the call centre as the call centre would decide who to ring up or send 119 an SMS message, as well as of B as B approved the content (the script) of the election advertising.

The fact that the calls were paid for must also be included.

However, the provider of the telephone service used by the call centre does not authorise the publishing as the telephone service provider did not make the decision to call the voters.
There are exceptions to the “published-by” requirements in the new section 61B.

The requirements do not apply to election advertising which is so small or of a certain design that makes it impracticable for such particulars to be included in or on the election advertising.

The requirements also do not apply to any communication of content between 2 or more individuals that is of a private or domestic nature by electronic means.
The last key exception to the “published-by” requirements is for the publication of any Internet content by any individual who is a citizen of Singapore and not a candidate or an election agent, who does so at no other person’s direction and on no other person’s behalf and who does not receive or agree to receive, and who does not contract for, any money or money’s worth, for or in connection with his or her publishing that content on the Internet.
The new section 61C sets out the offence of publishing, or causing to be published, or publicly displaying or causing to be publicly displayed, in Singapore any content or any thing containing content during the cooling-off period of an election in an electoral division, being content that is or includes election advertising related to the election.

This replaces the present offence that is in section 78B.
The term “cooling-off period” is defined to mean the period starting the eve of polling day of an election and ending with the close of polling on polling day at that election.

The new section 61D sets out exceptions to the election advertising ban during the cooling-off period.

The exceptions are not fixed and can be expanded in future via the election advertising regulations.
The new section 61E seeks to secure a level electoral playing field between the issue of the writ of election for an election in a constituency and before the start of the campaign period for an election in that constituency.
The new section 61E contains a strict liability offence of publicly displaying, or causing to be publicly displayed, during that abovementioned period, any traditional election advertising in the constituency, if the traditional election advertising contains an express or implicit reference to a political party — (a) by its name or symbol; or 120 (b) by another symbol which can reasonably be regarded as indicating a direct association or an immediate affiliation with the political party.
The new Division 2 sets out controls which apply to candidates and political parties whereas the new Division 3 contains a ban on election advertising by foreigners and foreign entities, and controls that apply to third parties, which are defined to mean anyone who is neither a candidate, an election agent nor a political party.

The restrictions apply to an objectively defined group of persons who freely choose to play a prominent role in political debate.
The new Division 2 consists of 5 new sections dealing with activities in the campaign period of an election in an electoral division.

The new section 61F deals only with election advertising that is either online election advertising published in Singapore, or non-online election advertising published in Singapore by undertaking any electronic communications activity.
A candidate in an election, or a political party with one or more candidates at the election, who publishes any such election advertising in Singapore, during the campaign period, or anyone publishing such election advertising in Singapore during the campaign period, on behalf of a candidate or such a political party commits an offence if the election advertising — (a) was not declared to the Returning Officer within a certain time; or (b) has a functionality prescribed in the election advertising regulations as impermissible for that form of election advertising, or does not have a functionality prescribed in the election advertising regulations as requisite for that election advertising.
The timeline for declaring the election advertising is like what is presently set out in the Parliamentary Elections (Election Advertising) Regulations (Rg 3).

The new section 61F extends to cover any subsequent step taken by or on behalf of anyone to amplify the access to an earlier published content on the Internet by persons physically present in Singapore.

For example, by sharing or boosting the search engine results for the earlier posted content.

Please refer to the amendments in clause 2.


The new sections 61G to 61J relate only to traditional election advertising activities during the campaign period and set out what is substantially the permit regime for posters and banners set out in the Parliamentary Elections (Election Advertising) Regulations, but with a few additional restrictions.
The new section 61G covers traditional election advertising by or on behalf of a candidate or political party, during the campaign period of an election in a constituency.

It makes it an offence to publicly display, or cause to be publicly displayed, during the period any traditional election advertising in the electoral 121 division or in or on any conveyance, thing or structure, whether mobile or stationary, in the electoral division.
The traditional election advertising covered is one that relates to the election in question.
Clause 2 introduces an interpretive provision which states that an election advertising relates to an election if it contains an express or implicit reference to — (a) the election in the electoral division; (b) an individual who is a candidate at the election in the electoral division in his or her capacity as a candidate (and not in some other capacity, like as a Town Councillor or political office holder); (c) a political party, or the interests of a political party, with one or more candidates at the election in the electoral division; or (d) an issue submitted or otherwise before electors in the election.
Any other content in the form of a banner, flag or poster and which does not contain any of the above will not be banned under the new section 61G.

However, the new section 61G does not apply to or in relation to the public display of any traditional election advertising under the authority of a permit granted by the Returning Officer.

There are also other exceptions described in the new section 61G(5).
The new section 61H makes it an offence to publicly display in a constituency traditional election advertising more than the maximum prescribed in the election advertising regulations for that type of traditional election advertising.

The new section 61I requires all traditional election advertising to be publicly displayed only in a positive list of permissible locations.
It makes it an offence for a candidate or political party to publicly display, or cause to be publicly displayed, during the campaign period relating to an election in an electoral division, any traditional election advertising in any place in the electoral division which is a place that is not on the positive list of permissible locations, and the person knows or has reason to believe that the place is an impermissible location.
The new section 61J relates to the offence of displaying traditional election advertising within the restricted signage zone of an ordinary polling station or a special polling station.

The restricted signage zone is roughly a 50-metre zone around an ordinary polling station or a special polling station.
The new Division 3 consists of 3 new sections dealing with activities undertaken by third parties during the election period of an election in the electoral division and a ban on election advertising by foreigners and foreign entities.
The new section 61K makes it an offence for a third party at an election in an electoral division to undertake electronic communications activity that results in 122 or involves publishing in Singapore, at any time during the election period of an election in the electoral division, any content in any way that renders the content accessible from the Internet, and if all or part of the production of the content that is or includes the online election advertising or the publication of the online election advertising, is paid for in money or money’s worth by the third party or by another person who may or may not be a third party.
This is permissible only if the third party was granted a written authority under section 83(2), signed by a candidate or a candidate’s election agent.

The new section 61K does not criminalise third party election advertising on the Internet if that is not paid for in money or money’s worth by the third party or by another person who may or may not be a third party.

The new section 61L is a corresponding offence for third party activities involving non-online election advertising.
The difference is that there is no exception for unpaid for third party election advertising if these are not online.

The new section 61M re-enacts section 83(1A) which contains a ban on foreign individuals publishing or displaying election advertising during the election period of an election.

The new section 61M extends the ban to foreign entities.

The expressions “foreigner” and “foreign entity” are inserted by amendments in clause 2.
The new Division 4 contains enforcement provisions, defences to offences under the new Divisions 1, 2 and 3 and definitions of terms which are used only in the new Divisions.
The new section 61N empowers the Returning Officer to issue corrective directions to certain relevant persons where he or she reasonably believes that an offence under the new section 61C, 61F, 61K, 78C (election survey results), 78D (exit polls) or 83(5) (publishing without authorisation by candidate or election agent) is being or has been committed, resulting in or involving publishing in Singapore any online election advertisement.
The relevant persons are — (a) a candidate at an election in an electoral division; (b) a political party with one or more candidates at an election in an electoral division; (c) a third party in relation to an election in an electoral division who is connected with the commission of the offence but not a person mentioned in paragraph (d); or (d) a provider of a social media service, a relevant electronic service or an internet access service.
123 The corrective directions can require a relevant person to take all reasonable steps to ensure the removal, from the social media service, relevant electronic service or internet access service (as the case may be) of the online election advertising identified in the direction, or to disable access to the online election advertising on the social media service, relevant electronic service or internet access service (as the case may be) by end-users in Singapore who use or may use the service.
The corrective direction may also require a relevant person to take all reasonable steps to stop or reduce electronic communications activity involving, provision of or access to, or further electronic communications activity involving, further provision of or access to, that online election advertising by end-users in Singapore of the social media service, relevant electronic service or internet access service.
A relevant person who, without reasonable excuse, fails to comply with a direction given commits an offence.

The new section 61O confers on the Returning Officer powers to deal with traditional election advertising which is the subject of offences.
Where the Returning Officer reasonably believes that an offence under the new section 61C, 61E, 61G, 61H, 61I or 61J is being committed, the Returning Officer may direct any person — (a) to either remove or cause to be removed, or to otherwise stop any public display of, any traditional election advertising that is publicly displayed in connection with that offence; and (b) to do so within the period specified in the direction, or any extension of that period that the Returning Officer may allow in any particular case.
The person directed can be any person, unlike the closed list in the new section 61N.

The person directed under the new section 61O need not be a candidate, political party or election agent or person who committed the offence.

A person who, without reasonable excuse, fails to comply with any direction given to the person by the Returning Officer commits an offence.
At the same time, if any such direction is not complied with to the satisfaction of the Returning Officer, the Returning Officer may carry out or take steps or cause to be carried out any work or any steps to be taken, which are in the Returning Officer’s opinion necessary to secure compliance with the direction, including removing or causing to be removed any traditional election advertising and detaining the traditional election advertising at a holding yard or other place, or stopping any public display of any traditional election advertising.
The new section 61P is an evidentiary provision.

The new section 61Q sets out defences to offences in the new Division 1, 2 or 3.

124 The new section 61R contains power for the Minister to make election advertising regulations.

The new section 61S contains supplementary interpretive provisions.
The new section 61S(6) and (7) also makes clear that the offences in the new Divisions of Part 3 or section 78C or 78D, or in the election advertising regulations, involving publishing content by electronic means extend to a person who engages in any conduct that constitutes an offence described in the respective provision either wholly or partly in Singapore, or wholly outside Singapore and as a result of that conduct, the offence occurs wholly or partly in Singapore.
In short, there is extra-territorial application.

Clause 31 amends section 62, which concerns the appointment of election agents and principal election agents.

The amendments deal with an instance where there is no appointment in force of an election agent of a candidate for the election.

The new section 62(2A) deems the candidate both as a candidate and as an election agent.
When there is no appointment in force of a principal election agent for a group of candidates in an election, but there are appointments of election agents in force, the election agent of the candidate whose name is to appear first in the group in the ballot papers under section 40(3)(a), will be treated as appointed as the principal election agent of the group in relation to the election.

The other amendments are housekeeping changes.


The amendments will dispense with the sole reliance on hardcopy appointment forms to notify the Returning Officer of appointments of election agents or changes in appointments and will allow the use of an electronic system instead.

Clause 32 amends section 63 by introducing a new disqualification to be an election agent.

An individual who is an undischarged bankrupt will be disqualified from being an election agent.
Clause 33 amends section 64 on the appointment of polling agents.

The amendment provides that the candidate or, in the case of a group of candidates, any candidate in the group may — (a) make any such appointment; and (b) inform the presiding officer at each polling station in writing of the name of every polling agent appointed to act.
Clause 34 amends section 74 which will empower the Returning Officer to issue one or more guidelines for the purpose of providing practical guidance or certainty in respect of any of the requirements of section 74 on the filing of returns respecting election expenses.

The guidelines may cover what must be or need not be disclosed in any returns respecting election expenses.
125 In court proceedings for an illegal practice involving any returns respecting election expenses, compliance with a provision of any guideline so issued, or a contravention of or a failure to comply with such a guideline, which is found by the court to be relevant to a matter to which a contravention or failure alleged in the proceedings relates, may be relied on by any party to those proceedings as tending to negative or establish any liability which is in question in those proceedings.
Clause 35 introduces a new section 74A which provides a means by which an election agent, together with the candidate, can make corrections to returns for election expenses filed with the Returning Officer.

However, the corrections must be made before the expiry of the time delimited by section 74(1) for the transmission to the Returning Officer of returns respecting election expenses and the related statements.
The amendment does not affect the courts’ power to grant an authorised excuse under section 88 for non-compliance with provisions as to returns and statements respecting election expenses.

Clause 36 amends section 75 to enable the Returning Officer to provide public notice of returns respecting election expenses using more modern methods.

The amendments will allow for online access to these returns.
Clause 37 amends section 75A to empower the Returning Officer to audit (or cause to be audited by a person approved by the Returning Officer) any returns respecting election expenses transmitted under section 74(1) or 74A(1) (as the case may be) by an election agent of a candidate on behalf of the candidate.
The audit is to be carried out in accordance with generally accepted accounting standards with a view to reporting whether — (a) the return respecting election expenses presents fairly the content contained in the supporting documents on which it is based; and (b) the provisions of the Act relating to returns respecting election expenses and any statement or declaration relating thereto have been in all respects complied with.

Clause 38 repeals sections 78, 78A and 78B because of clause 30.
Clause 39 amends section 78C (which bans publishing the results of election surveys between the day the writ of election is issued for an election and ending with the close of all polling stations on polling day at the election) to make clear that the survey may involve voters and not necessarily electors whose names are entered in a register of electors, and the results may be those purporting to be that of a survey of voters.
By reason of the amendments in clause 2 to section 2, section 78C extends to cover any subsequent step taken by or on behalf of anyone to amplify the access to an earlier published election survey result on the Internet by persons physically present in Singapore.

For example, by sharing or boosting the search engine results for the earlier posted content.
126 40 Clause amends to 78E by sections 61(1)(c) and 78B(1) and to regulations made under section 78A(1)(b), as these are made redundant by the amendments in clause 30. cross-references removing section Clause 41 amends section 82 (on undue influence at or near polling stations) to better define a restricted zone for a polling station, within which there can be no loitering on polling day.
This is to overcome operational difficulties where the polling station is situated within a larger setting, like a school.

A restricted zone for a polling station means the building, or part of the building, in which any polling place of the polling station or any polling booth or other facility for electors allotted to that polling station are to vote.

The restricted zone is also the area within 200 metres of the external edges of such a building or part of a building.
If the Returning Officer or a presiding officer of that polling station has designated entrances to the grounds under section 36A(4), the area within 200 metres of each designated entrance to those grounds is the restricted zone for that polling station.

The 200-metre zone does not extend to premises that are outside Singapore.

Clause 42 amends section 83 which deals with taking part in and conducting of election activity.
The first amendment is to section 83(1)(a) to replace the present ban on individuals attending a primary or secondary school as a student from taking part in election activity with a ban on individuals who are below 16 years of age.

There is a corresponding amendment to section 83(6) to prohibit any candidate or an election agent authorising anyone to conduct an election activity, knowing or having reason to believe that the person is below 16 years of age.
Clause 42 also amends section 83 to ban foreign entities and foreign individuals from taking part in or conducting election activity.

The terms “foreigner” and “foreign entity” are defined by the amendments in clause 2.

There is however a facility to carve out foreign individuals from the ban by regulations.

Section 83(1)(c) is also repealed by clause 42.

This abolishes the ban on undischarged bankrupts taking part in election activities.
Section 83 is further amended to exclude an activity which the new section 61K (on third party election advertising on the Internet) does not criminalise.
As amended, “election activity” excludes a third party publishing, or causing to be published any content in any way that renders the content accessible from the Internet, where all or part of the production of the content or its publication is not 127 paid for, in money or money’s worth, by the third party or by another person who may or may not be a third party.

Finally, the current section 83(1A) is repealed as it is re-enacted as the new section 61M.
Clause 43 amends section 99(1)(a), which deals with the striking out of votes on a scrutiny at the hearing of an application under section 90 to set aside an election result.

The amendment has to set out more circumstances where the votes cast need to be struck off because of the introduction of special voting arrangements and postal voting.
Clause 44 introduces a new section 102A which empowers the Minister to make regulations to enable contingency arrangements to be put in place, should they be required, to enable a Returning Officer to conduct safe, orderly, efficient and timely elections and support the resilience of Singapore’s democracy, because of a disruptive event which has occurred or is likely to occur, before or during any stage of an election, in Singapore or in a country where there is established one or more overseas polling stations and which prevents or seriously interrupts, or is likely to prevent or seriously interrupt, the conduct of the election according to the Act.
The regulations will replace the present sections 56A, 56B, 56BA, 56C, 56D, 56DA, 56DB, 56E and 56F.

This will provide for greater flexibility for measures to be devised to deal with these unusual situations, instead of having to amend the Act.

While the regulations may modify the provisions of the Act, the regulations must not authorise any person to vote more than once at an election and must preserve voting in secret.
The regulations may also provide for the witnessing or attesting to any thing (but not voting) through the use of remote communication technology, such as by video conferencing, tele-conferencing or other electronic means.
A disruptive event is defined as what is presently in sections 56A, 56B, 56BA, 56C, 56D, 56DA, 56DB, 56E and 56F but is expanded to cover more natural disasters which occur regionally, such as an eruption, earthquake, landslip or haze, and events like transport accidents and unplanned and prolonged outage of any telecommunication or electricity service, or an information and communications system, which is essential for the proper conduct of an election.
Clause 44 also introduces a new section 102B which requires all regulations made under the Act to be presented to Parliament as soon as possible after publication in the Gazette.

There is also a blackout period during which no regulations may be made.

This period starts when a writ of election has been issued under section 24 for an election in any electoral division and ends after the day of nomination or, if a poll is to be taken, after polling day of that election.
128 Clause 45 introduces a new section 110, which deals with the service of documents permitted or required to be served on a person for the purposes of the Act.

The new section 110 does not deal with service of court documents like summonses, as these are regulated by the Rules of Court or other written laws.

The new modes of service introduced follow the technological advances in is also communications.

Service by fax is provided for.

Service by email permissible.


Service is also permitted by giving an electronic notice to the individual, partnership, body corporate or unincorporated association (called an addressee) by the addressee’s chosen means of notification, stating that the document is available and how the addressee may use the addressee’s chosen means of access to access the document’s contents.
For example, a recipient of a notice may choose to be notified by a mobile phone application that notifies the person that a notice to the person is available to be accessed on a website maintained by the Government.

The new section 110 also provides for special service arrangements for a person where, by the exercise of reasonable diligence, the name of the person to whom the document is to be served, or the business address, residential address or last email address of the person, cannot be ascertained.
The document may be served by posting it on a website maintained by the Government and prescribed by the Minister by notification in the Gazette for this purpose.

However, service of any document on a person by email or by an electronic notice at the person’s chosen means of notification may be effected only with the person’s prior consent to service in that way.

The consent may be given expressly or impliedly.


Clause 46 contains consequential amendments to definitions in the Foreign Interference (Countermeasures) Act 2021 occasioned by amendments in clauses 30, 31 and 44.
Related to amendments in clause 42 to section 83, which will ban foreign entities and foreign individuals from taking part in or conducting election activity, clause 46 makes amendments to the Foreign Interference (Countermeasures) Act 2021 to correct some cross-reference and phrasing omissions in provisions containing countermeasures for counteracting acts of foreign interference through electronic communications activity by or on behalf of foreign principals, countermeasures against such acts relating to political donations to politically significant persons such as candidates and political parties, and countermeasures against acts of foreign interference through politically significant persons’ foreign affiliations (in addition to political donations).
Clause 47 makes a consequential amendment to section 2(4) of the Town Councils Act 1988 on the meaning of election results, by including results in an uncontested election as per the text in clause 11.

129 Clause 48 confers power on the Minister to make regulations prescribing provisions of a saving or transitional nature consequent on the enactment of any clause in the Bill as the Minister may consider necessary or expedient.

The regulations must be done within a 2-year time limit.
EXPENDITURE OF PUBLIC MONEY This Bill will involve the Government in extra financial expenditure, the exact amount of which cannot at present be ascertained.