Source document: https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1698845033735.pdf (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)
Classification of Time-Use Activities for Latin America and the Caribbean (CAUTAL) Statistical Conference of the Americas of ECLAC This document has been prepared by María Eugenia Gómez Luna, Deputy Director of the Mexican National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI), the institution coordinating the Working Group on Gender Statistics of the Statistical Conference of the Americas of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC).
She received substantive support from the Division for Gender Affairs of ECLAC, which acts as the technical secretariat of the Gender Statistics Working Group, and from two of the Working Groups advisory bodies: the National Institute of Women (INMUJERES) of Mexico and the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN-Women).
She received contributions from the member countries of the Working Group —Argentina, Bahamas, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama and Plurinational State of Bolivia— through their national statistical offices, and from the United Nations Statistics Division and the Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean of the International Labour Organization (ILO).
The Working Group is grateful for the contributions of all those involved in the discussions on this classification in the various expert meetings and seminars held over the past few years.

The opinions expressed in this document, which has not undergone formal editorial review, are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Organization.

LC/W.679 Copyright © United Nations, May 2016.


All rights reserved Printed at United Nations, Santiago S.16-00307 ECLAC Classification of Time-Use Activities for Latin America and the Caribbean (CAUTAL) Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................................ 5 I.
Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 7 II.

The objectives of CAUTAL ..................................................................................................... 11 III.

The conceptual framework ..................................................................................................... 13 IV.
Structure and grouping criteria............................................................................................... 15 V. Activity definitions and descriptions ....................................................................................... 17 A.

Employment and own-use goods production work (within the SNA production boundary) ........................................................................... 18 1.
Employment and related activities .......................................................................... 18 2.

Own-use goods production work ............................................................................ 20 B.

Unpaid work (outside the SNA production boundary) .................................................... 20 3.

Unpaid domestic work for own household .............................................................. 21 4.
Unpaid care of household members ...................................................................... 23 5.

Unpaid work for other households or the community and volunteering ................. 24 C. Personal activities (outside the SNA general production boundary) .............................. 25 VI.
Classification of Time-Use Activities for Latin America and the Caribbean (CAUTAL) ......... 27 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................... 33 Annex ............................................................................................................................................. 35 Tables Table 1 Diagrams Diagram 1 Diagram 2 General structure of the Classification of Time-Use Activities for Latin America and the Caribbean (CAUTAL) ................................................. 15 Forms of work and the System of National Accounts (SNA) 2008 ...................... 14 Conceptual framework for the Classification of Time-Use Activities for Latin America and the Caribbean (CAUTAL) ................................................. 14 3 ECLAC Classification of Time-Use Activities for Latin America and the Caribbean (CAUTAL) Abstract The Classification of Time-Use Activities for Latin America and the Caribbean (CAUTAL) is the outcome of an extensive working process undertaken by the Working Group on Gender Statistics of the Statistical Conference of the Americas (SCA) to meet the need of Latin American and Caribbean countries for a gender-sensitive instrument appropriate to the regional context that could be used to harmonize and standardize time-use surveys and produce statistics in this area.
Everyday activities and the time spent on them are part of a context defined by gender, social, economic and cultural factors and by the legal and institutional framework.

CAUTAL provides the opportunity to obtain a comprehensive, organized understanding of the activities people carry out and the time they spend on them.

Thus, it brings to light the different time allocations of women and men, providing inputs and evidence for public equality policies in the social and economic spheres.
Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5, a crucial part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, calls for the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women.

Target 5.4 establishes a requirement to recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through the provision of public services, infrastructure and social protection policies and the promotion of shared responsibility within the household and the family.
In this context, CAUTAL is an instrument that will enable the region to improve measurements of unpaid work and to produce whatever Agenda follow- up indicators are chosen for this target.

The first two sections of CAUTAL provide a broad conceptualization of work.
This classification organizes paid and unpaid working activities in conformity with the production boundary of the System of National Accounts (SNA) and is consistent with the recommendations of the resolution of the nineteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians (ICLS) of the International Labour Organization (ILO).

It is informed by the importance of work in people’s lives and its role in furnishing the goods and services they require to meet their needs and contribute to their well-being.
The third section groups personal or non-productive activities.

CAUTAL is a dynamic, flexible instrument designed to respond to the classification requirements and socioeconomic characteristics of each country.
This classifier, along with the recommendations for its use, is meant as a regional tool that can be used to harmonize time-use statistics and obtain information that will provide a better understanding of the work done by men and women and thence contribute to the design of public policies to promote and extend women’s economic autonomy.

5 ECLAC Classification of Time-Use Activities for Latin America and the Caribbean (CAUTAL) I.
Introduction At the Fourth World Conference on Women (Beijing, 1995), representatives of governments committed themselves to measuring and setting a value on unpaid work and including it in the national accounts by means of a satellite account.
The Beijing Platform for Action establishes a requirement to “develop conceptual and practical methodologies for incorporating gender perspectives into all aspects of economic policy-making, […] measure, in quantitative terms, unremunerated work that is outside national accounts and work to improve methods to assess and accurately reflect its value in satellite or other official accounts that are separate from but consistent with core national accounts” (United Nations, 1995).
Unpaid work in households means domestic and caregiving activities carried out by household members for the welfare and reproduction of them all.

Data from the different time-use surveys carried out in the countries of Latin America and the world show that this kind of work is mainly done by women.
The sexual division of labour current in the region’s societies remains a structural factor in the inequalities and injustices affecting women in the family, the labour market and political participation, making it vital to have measuring instruments that can show the distribution of the everyday tasks required for life in society, in both the public and private spheres.
The consensuses arrived at by the region’s governments during the last three sessions of the Regional Conference on Women in Latin America and the Caribbean1 have prompted a greater commitment by the countries to carrying out time-use surveys and constructing the satellite account for unpaid household work, with a view to integrating this sphere of the economy into public policies for equality.
There has been a striking increase in the collection of time-use information in recent years: 18 countries in the region now have at least one measure of the time spent on domestic and care work (Aguirre and Ferrari, 2014).
Besides regional agreements on the gender equality agenda, the Working Group on Gender Statistics of the Statistical Conference of the Americas (SCA) of ECLAC2 has played an important role in promoting time-use measurements, developing these conceptually and methodologically, and producing and circulating analytical documents.

The Group was proposed by the member countries of the SCA in 2006 and its operation approved at the latter’s fourth meeting (Santiago, 2007).
The goal of 1 Particularly the Quito Consensus (2007), the Brasilia Consensus (2010) and the Santo Domingo Consensus (2013).

2 The member countries of the SCA Working Group on Gender Statistics are: Argentina, Bahamas, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama and Plurinational State of Bolivia.
7 ECLAC Classification of Time-Use Activities for Latin America and the Caribbean (CAUTAL) the Group is to pursue the production, development, systematization and consolidation of statistical information and gender indicators for the purpose of formulating, monitoring and evaluating public policies.
Mexico, represented by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI), is currently responsible for coordination, with the Division for Gender Affairs of ECLAC acting as the Technical Secretariat, while the National Institute of Women (INMUJERES) of Mexico and UN-Women operate as advisory organizations.
The Group’s major activities include periodic debates between representatives of government, international organizations and academia about methodologies and analysis of information on time use and unpaid household work.

On the technical side, the Working Group has a strategic role in promoting, supporting and following up the implementation of time-use surveys in the region’s countries, in developing them conceptually and in gathering and analysing data for the formulation of public equality policies.
International gender statistics conventions3 and meetings of experts on time-use surveys and unpaid work4 are held in Mexico each year as part of the Group’s working programme.

They have become opportunities for producers and users of information to reflect, share experiences and promote the employment of gender statistics for policies to enhance women’s autonomy, and their economic autonomy in particular.
The present classification has drawn on the fruitful debates conducted as part of each of these events.

In this context, CAUTAL was developed as one of the activities of the Working Group to provide a tool suited to the specific characteristics of the region.

Preliminary versions of the classifier were presented for the countries’ comments at the meetings of the SNA Executive Committee in 2009 and 2010.
A first printed version (Gómez Luna, 2010) incorporating these comments was circulated in July 2010, and the process of adapting and consulting on CAUTAL goes on.

The methodologies used hitherto by the countries to conduct their time-use surveys have been heterogeneous, both in the aims pursued and in their conceptual frameworks, data-gathering procedures, activity classifications, geographical coverage and indicators calculated and published.
The diary method has been employed in 7 countries (Argentina, the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, Brazil, Chile, Cuba, Mexico and the Plurinational State of Bolivia).

These were early experiments that were discontinued; in some cases, the subsequent evaluations were not altogether auspicious in terms of their fit with the cultural characteristics of the region’s countries.
In 14 countries,5 use has been made of a list of activities attached in the form of questions or modules to existing household surveys with their own methodology, usually dealing with issues of employment and/or living conditions.

Time-use questions or modules have also been incorporated into the questionnaires of so-called multipurpose surveys.

In more recent experiences, lastly, stand-alone surveys have been used to collect information (Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama and Peru).
These are more expensive than questions or modules but far more thorough when it comes to the detail of activities and the subcomponents of each type of unpaid work (care, domestic or volunteer work) (see annex).

CAUTAL organizes different types of unpaid work in conformity with the production boundary of the System of National Accounts (SNA) and serves as an input for preparing the forms used to gather and analyse time-use survey information.
This classifier brings a gender perspective to the activities carried out for household members’ reproduction and welfare, as it specifies and classifies unpaid working activities that hitherto went unrecorded.

It thus reveals the sexual division of labour in 3 These events have been part of the working programme of the Group since its inception and are held annually in Aguascalientes (Mexico), where INEGI is based.
There have been 16 so far, and they have been the setting for debates on different issues such as statistics on violence against women and indicators of political participation, health, time use and unpaid work.

4 These meetings are held annually in Mexico City.

They began as an opportunity for regional specialists and the staff of national institutes of statistics to share experiences with a view to designing and implementing time-use surveys and analysing their findings.
5 Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru and Uruguay.
8 ECLAC Classification of Time-Use Activities for Latin America and the Caribbean (CAUTAL) households, and total working time in particular.6 In 2008, the Gender Equality Observatory for Latin America and the Caribbean proposed the total working time indicator as a crucial measure of women’s economic autonomy, thus reflecting the importance of time-use measurement for the development of equality policies.

CAUTAL is a vital instrument for enhancing time-use surveys.
These are of great importance because of their extensive analytical potential in different fields of study, most especially gender analysis, studies of the link between poverty, income and time,7 national and international requirements for data on time use and unpaid work, and the new requirements for employment statistics resulting from the “Resolution concerning statistics of work, employment and labour underutilization” adopted by the ICLS of the International Labour Organization (ILO, 2013).
At the global level, an important part of the background to this activity classifier is that the United Nations has been coordinating the preparation and ongoing revision of the International Classification of Activities for Time-Use Statistics (ICATUS) with a view to harmonizing measurements of this type.

However, this classification was mainly designed as a list of activities for statistical surveys employing the activity diary methodology.
This methodology never became widespread in Latin America, as already mentioned, because of issues involving perceptions of time in different parts of the region, literacy levels and survey costs.

There have been some major milestones in the revision of CAUTAL, including the ICLS resolution mentioned (ILO, 2013), the ICATUS revision process, recent experience with time-use surveys in the region’s countries and the various sessions of the Working Group on Gender Statistics.
Accordingly, CAUTAL 2015 as presented in this document encapsulates the results of this process, which culminated in a consultation among all member countries when the Working Group met at the sixteenth International Meeting on Gender Statistics (Aguascalientes, 2015), which continued in a virtual format until the end of September 2015.

This process allowed consensus to be reached on a document that was then taken to the SCA.
One of the most important debates at both the regional and the global level at the present time is over the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

Taking a holistic approach, this agenda includes gender equality as a structural component of sustainable development enabling men and women alike to participate in and contribute to countries’ development.
The underuse of women’s capabilities, the feminization of poverty and the unintended effects of policies on existing divides mean that the 2030 Agenda needs to be implemented in all countries with a transformative gender equality approach that can reduce inequality in all its manifestations.

Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5, the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women, is crucial to this agenda.
Target 5.4 establishes a requirement to recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through the provision of public services, infrastructure and social protection policies and the promotion of shared responsibility within the household and the family.

In this context, CAUTAL is an instrument that will enable the region to improve measurements of unpaid work and produce whatever Agenda follow-up indicators are chosen for this target.
In this debate, discussion of the conceptual part of the Agenda and decisions about monitoring and follow-up indicators have involved national statistical offices in the region’s countries, their authorities and their specialist teams, who are the main shapers and users of CAUTAL.

This ensures that the instrument will suit whatever indicators the countries and the region decide to calculate and publish to show progress or hold-ups along the way to goal 5.4.
6 Total working time is the sum of time spent on paid work or work for the market and unpaid work.

7 These ideas have been debated recently in Working Group activities such as the meetings of experts on time-use [online] http://cedoc.inmujeres.gob.mx/cendoc/ June 2015) the International Meeting on Gender Statistics surveys Seminarios/utiempo/2015/Agenda_UTyTNR_2015.pdf and (Aguascalientes, September 2015) [online] http://www.inegi.org.mx/eventos/2015/genero/presentacion.aspx.
June 2014 and (Mexico City, 9 ECLAC Classification of Time-Use Activities for Latin America and the Caribbean (CAUTAL) The 2015 version of CAUTAL8 was adopted by all member countries of the Statistical Conference of the Americas of ECLAC9 at its eighth meeting in Quito between 17 and 19 November 2015.
This classifier, along with the recommendations for its use, is meant as a regional tool that can be used to harmonize time-use statistics and obtain information that will provide a better understanding of the work done by men and women and thence contribute to the design of public policies to promote and extend women’s economic autonomy and gender equality.
The region now possesses an instrument that has already been used by quite a number of its countries: Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala and the Plurinational State of Bolivia, among others.

This has enabled it to be improved and information gathered on its use.

In future, the version now approved at the SCA can be added to as further experience is gained with time-use measurement and with the satellite accounts calculated in the countries.
The next step for the Working Group, besides continuing to monitor the implementation of this tool, is to work on a methodology for calculating satellite accounts on unpaid household work, in addition to promoting time-use surveys in the Caribbean and enhancing technical cooperation between subregions.

8 LC/L.4083(CEA.8/8).

9 See [online] http://cea.cepal.org/sites/default/files/cea8-resolucion-19nov.pdf.

10 ECLAC Classification of Time-Use Activities for Latin America and the Caribbean (CAUTAL) II.
The objectives of CAUTAL Time use and the activities people carry out during specified periods are shaped by numerous factors of a social, economic and cultural nature, and by the legal and institutional framework in each country.
More directly, activities and the amount of time spent on them are part of a context shaped by the material conditions of the home and its equipment, the territorial space where people reside (rural or urban areas) and, of course, the individual characteristics of each household and its members.
CAUTAL makes possible the production of organized and significant statistics that can provide the concepts and analytical categories needed to meet the goals of time-use surveys and form the basis for a particularized study of activities.

Thus, it can bring to light the different amounts of time allocated by women and men to paid and unpaid work and to activities of a personal character, providing inputs and evidence for social and economic policies.
It is a tool for planning, processing, presenting and analysing time-use surveys.

Its codes ensure that data are systematized and standardized, and it is useful for the design of results tabulations and for international comparability.

It classifies all the main activities people might carry out within a reference period, using data from a questionnaire developed on the basis of selected activities.
Analysis centres on paid and unpaid working activities, but there are also categories for personal activities.

This means that a comprehensive framework is available for all activities that might be carried out in a given period.
The purpose of this classification is to: (i) Provide a comprehensive overview of the activities people carry out and the time they spend on them, including paid and unpaid work associated with productive activities within and outside the SNA and personal activities that may be undertaken during a reference period.
(ii) Provide a structure whose hierarchy and grouping are suitable for comprehensive analysis of the time spent on each of the main activities during a given period and each activity in particular.

(iii) Provide a substantive tool for harmonizing time-use surveys, statistics and indicators and for enhancing international comparability via indicators such as those of the Gender Equality Observatory for Latin America and the Caribbean.
11 ECLAC Classification of Time-Use Activities for Latin America and the Caribbean (CAUTAL) (iv) Provide the information inputs needed to value unpaid work and develop the household satellite account.

(v) Identify and delimit analytical categories that enable total work, both paid and unpaid, to be fully identified and quantified, while also enabling unpaid domestic and caregiving activities to be categorized.
(vi) Present a taxonomy for time-use activities with a gender approach, grounded in modern definitions and concepts to improve information quality and extend and enhance both analysis and public policy formulation and evaluation.

12 ECLAC Classification of Time-Use Activities for Latin America and the Caribbean (CAUTAL) III.
The conceptual framework The conceptual framework of CAUTAL incorporates economic criteria based on the SNA and sets out by distinguishing two major categories: work activities, involving the production of goods and services, and non-productive or personal activities.
In turn, work activities are divided into those whose results in the shape of goods and services are deemed to fall within the SNA production boundary for the purpose of measuring gross domestic product (GDP) and those whereby services are produced by household members for themselves and each other, which are excluded from the SNA but do fall within the general production boundary.
These concepts constitute two of the main analytical categories, another being the category of non-productive or personal activities, including social activities (learning, socializing and cultural, entertainment and sports activities) and self-care activities, related to the use of leisure time or free time and carried out during the hours not spent working.
Delimitation of production boundaries, using the SNA as a reference, is part of the new conceptual framework presented in the ICLS “Resolution concerning statistics of work, employment and labour underutilization”.

The forms of work included in these guidelines are: work carried out in the course of employment, own-use production work, volunteer work and unpaid trainee work (see diagram 1).
The considerations mentioned have yielded an expanded concept of production and work and a holistic approach to work and its different forms.

These criteria have been a substantive part of the conceptual framework since the first version of CAUTAL and have now been incorporated into its structure, thus harmonizing the latest ILO recommendations referred to earlier.
In accordance with these elements, human activities have been organized into three categories: paid work and unpaid work (the components of total work) and non-productive or personal activities.
13 ECLAC Classification of Time-Use Activities for Latin America and the Caribbean (CAUTAL) Diagram 1 Forms of work and the System of National Accounts (SNA) 2008 For own final use For use by others Own-use production work of services of goods Employment (work for pay or profit) Unpaid trainee work Other work activities Volunteer work In market and non- market units In households producing goods services Activities within the SNA production boundary Activities inside the SNA General production boundary Intended destination of production Forms of work Relation to 2008 SNA Source: International Labour Organization (ILO), “Resolution concerning statistics of work, employment and labour [online] underutilization”, nineteenth http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---stat/documents/normativeinstrument/wcms_230304.pdf.
International Conference of Labour Statisticians, October 2013 Diagram 2 shows how the conceptual framework of CAUTAL is organized after incorporation of the SNA criteria that provide the basis for it and the recommendations on forms of work included in the resolution adopted by the nineteenth ICLS.

Diagram 2 Conceptual framework for the Classification of Time-Use Activities for Latin America and the Caribbean (CAUTAL) Productive activities (total work) A.
Within the SNA production boundary Employment and own-use production work B.

Outside the SNA production boundary Unpaid work Human activities Source: Prepared by the author.
Non-productive activities (personal activities) C. Outside the general production boundary Personal activities The activities encompassed within the SNA production boundary include: (i) production of goods and services for the market by corporations and enterprises; (ii) non-market production carried out by government and non-profit institutions; (iii) owner-occupied housing services; (iv) domestic and personal services provided by paid staff; (v) production of knowledge capture when it is intended for own final use or gross capital formation; (vi) own-use goods production.
Unpaid household services (domestic and personal care services) for own use within the household and use by other households are excluded, as is volunteer work in non-profit institutions.

Activities deemed to fall outside the SNA production boundary are all unpaid services (mainly domestic and personal care services) produced for use within the household and by other households and the community.
Services thus produced using unpaid labour are outside the SNA production boundary and are not recorded in the national accounts.

14 ECLAC Classification of Time-Use Activities for Latin America and the Caribbean (CAUTAL) IV.

Structure and grouping criteria CAUTAL comprises 3 sections (letters), 9 major divisions (one digit), 34 divisions (two digits), 96 groups (three digits) and 23 subgroups (four digits), as shown in table 1.
Table 1 General structure of the Classification of Time-Use Activities for Latin America and the Caribbean (CAUTAL) Sections Major divisions Divisions Groups Subgroups Source: Prepared by the author.
General structure Letters (A, B and C) One digit Two digits Three digits Four digits 3 9 34 96 23 Considering how important work is in people’s lives and the role it plays in furnishing the goods and services required to meet their needs and contribute to their well-being, the first two sections of CAUTAL are based on a conceptualization of total work derived: (i) from the incorporation of this input into production for the market that falls within the SNA, and (ii) from the incorporation of unpaid work into the production of services for households’ own consumption or for the consumption of other households.
The third section groups non-productive activities that people carry out for their own satisfaction.

With these activities, the person carrying them out is the direct beneficiary, examples being studying, taking exercise or going to a concert or play.
What is meant by work activities is participation in the production of goods and services that are mainly commercialized in the market and are intended to meet the needs of the population, and in the production of services for the purposes of social reproduction.

It is thus very important to quantify the amount of time spent on each of these activities, as this allows the total amount of work and the amounts of paid and unpaid work to be measured.
15 ECLAC Classification of Time-Use Activities for Latin America and the Caribbean (CAUTAL) The major divisions (one digit) bring together activities that embody different aspects of the various types of work and personal activities.

The two-digit divisions show sets of activities and specific tasks derived from the major divisions they are part of.

The criterion for creating these divisions was frequency and regularity of occurrence; i.e., the activities presented are prevalent in most of the countries.
Another consideration in formulating the divisions was the importance of the particular set of activities for the goals of time-use surveys.

Accordingly, the classifier presented here offers a structure agreed up to the division level; since it is a dynamic tool intended to meet national classification requirements and reflect national socioeconomic characteristics, it needs to be flexible at the group and subgroup levels.
The classifier recognizes that one- or two-digit activities do not necessarily represent the same demands on time and are not equivalent in people’s lives at the same level.

The next levels (three and four digits) bring together activities that people spend substantial time on.
The purpose of these breakdowns is to support the design of questions for the questionnaire, since by specifying actions they provide an objective basis for asking how much time people spend on a given activity, while at the same time meeting specific analytical needs.

This classification is constituted by exhaustive and mutually exclusive categories, something reflected in the disaggregation to three and four digits in the main areas of analysis.
However, two or more activities may be carried out at the same time, while some activities may be intrinsically connected and constitute a single activity for practical purposes.

The countries will have to determine how these activities are to be recorded and codified when applying CAUTAL.
When activities take place simultaneously, the countries may apply the “main activity” criterion, depending on the aims of the study for which the statistical event is providing information, or simply rely on the judgement of the person reporting the time spent on the activity.
The fact is, though, that when one of these criteria is followed to avoid overlap in time-use reporting, a number of activities can be expected to be underreported, since there are caregiving tasks, like minding another person, that can always be combined with another activity whose characteristics position it as the main one.

For example, time spent minding children or dependent older persons in parallel with other domestic activities will be underestimated.
Although this care time is essential and the child or dependent older person cannot be left alone, if just one activity is recorded, it will usually be the one requiring the greatest active participation.

It is essential to bear in mind that whenever domestic and care activities necessarily involve travel, then travel time must be included in the time the activity is calculated as having taken.
Different criteria may be followed in computing this time, including the substantive goals of the survey being conducted, the judgement of the informant or other criteria to be decided on by the survey’s technical team.

People’s activities take place within a set of circumstances constituting their context.

To arrive at a complete overview of any activity, then, it is necessary to understand the context it occurred in.
Considering this, some dimensions of the context in which activities take place are integrated into CAUTAL.

However, supplementary questions need to be incorporated into the data-gathering instrument in order for additional information that can make sense of activities to be captured.
16 ECLAC Classification of Time-Use Activities for Latin America and the Caribbean (CAUTAL) V. Activity definitions and descriptions Definitions and descriptions of the time-use activities included in CAUTAL (at the one-digit level) will now be presented.

As already noted, CAUTAL groups activities into total work and personal activities.
Working activities are organized into two sections: section A (“Employment and own-use goods production work (within the SNA production boundary)”) and section B (“Unpaid work (outside the SNA production boundary)”).

Section C presents personal activities.


CAUTAL applies the definition of work laid down in the “Resolution concerning statistics of work, employment and labour underutilization” adopted by the nineteenth ICLS: “Work comprises any activity performed by persons of any sex and age to produce goods or to provide services for use by others or for own use.

(a) Work is defined irrespective of its formal or informal character or the legality of the activity.
(b) Work excludes activities that do not involve producing goods or services (e.g.

begging and stealing), self-care (e.g.

personal grooming and hygiene) and activities that cannot be performed by another person on one’s own behalf (e.g.

sleeping, learning and activities for own recreation).
(c) The concept of work is aligned with the general production boundary as defined in the System of National Accounts 2008 (2008 SNA) and its concept of economic unit that distinguishes between: (i) market units (i.e.

corporations, quasi-corporations and household unincorporated market enterprises); (ii) (iii) non-market units (i.e.

government and non-profit institutions serving households); households that produce goods or services for own final use.
(d) Work can be performed in any kind of economic unit.” 17 ECLAC Classification of Time-Use Activities for Latin America and the Caribbean (CAUTAL) A.

Employment and own-use goods production work (within the SNA production boundary) This section includes work incorporated into the production of goods and services that are within the SNA production boundary.
It encompasses activities associated with the labour market, such as work done in employment, trainee work and other work activities, as well as commuting to and from work and activities related to seeking employment or setting up a business.

It likewise includes work done by members of a household, usually for own-use goods production included in the SNA.

1.
1.

Employment and related activities This major division includes work done in employment, work as an unpaid trainee, employment-seeking or setting up a business, and commuting.

The purpose of all these activities is to participate and continue in the labour market.

The definitions of divisions 11, 12, 13 and 10 are taken from the resolution of the nineteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians (ILO, 2013).

11.
11.

Employment Employment includes all working activities carried out by persons in employment, defined as all those of working age who, during a short reference period, were engaged in any activity to produce goods or provide services for pay or profit.
Covered by this category are: (i) employed persons “at work”, i.e., who worked in a job for at least one hour, and (ii) employed persons “not at work” due to temporary absence from a job or to working-time arrangements (such as shift work, flexitime and compensatory leave for overtime).
Included in employment are:  persons who work for pay or profit while on training or skills-enhancement activities required by the job or for another job in the same economic unit; such persons are considered as employed “at work” in accordance with the international statistical standards on working time;  apprentices, interns or trainees who work for pay in cash or in kind;  persons who work for pay or profit through employment promotion programmes;  persons who work in their own economic units to produce goods intended mainly for sale or barter, even if part of the output is consumed by the household or family;  persons with seasonal jobs during the off season, if they continue to perform some tasks and duties of the job, excluding, however, fulfilment of legal or administrative obligations (e.g., paying taxes), irrespective of receipt of remuneration;  persons who work for pay or profit payable to the household or family:  in market units operated by a family member living in the same or in another household; or  performing tasks or duties of an employee job held by a family member living in the same or in another household;  regular members of the armed forces and persons on military or alternative civilian service who perform this work for pay in cash or in kind.
Excluded from employment are:  apprentices, interns and trainees who work without pay in cash or in kind;  participants in skills training or retraining schemes within employment promotion programmes, when not engaged in the production process of an economic unit; 18 ECLAC Classification of Time-Use Activities for Latin America and the Caribbean (CAUTAL)  persons who are required to perform work as a condition of continued receipt of a government social benefit such as unemployment insurance;  persons receiving transfers, in cash or in kind, not related to employment;  persons with seasonal jobs during the off season, if they cease to perform the tasks and duties of the job;  persons who retain a right to return to the same economic unit but who were absent for reasons specified in paragraph 29(c) of the ILO Resolution concerning statistics of work, employment and labour underutilization (ILO, 2013), when the total duration of the absence exceeds the specified threshold and/or if the test of receipt of remuneration is not fulfilled.
For analytical purposes, it may be useful to collect information on total duration of absence, reason for absence, benefits received, etc.

;  persons on indefinite lay-off who do not have an assurance of return to employment with the same economic unit.

12.
12.

Unpaid trainee work Persons in unpaid trainee work are defined as all those of working age who, during a short reference period, performed any unpaid activity to produce goods or provide services for others, in order to acquire workplace experience or skills in a trade or profession (ILO, 2013, p. 7).
It includes persons in:  traineeships, apprenticeships, internships or other types of programmes according to national circumstances, when their engagement in the production process of the economic unit is unpaid; and  unpaid skills training or retraining schemes within employment promotion programmes, when engaged in the production process of the economic unit.

13.
13.

Seeking employment or setting up a business Employment-seeking is any activity when carried out, during a specified recent period, by unemployed people of working age for the purpose of finding a job or setting up a business or agricultural undertaking.

This also includes part-time, informal, temporary, seasonal or casual employment, within the national territory or abroad.

Examples of these activities are:      arranging for financial resources, applying for permits, licences, etc.
; looking for land, premises, machinery, supplies, farming inputs; seeking the assistance of friends, relatives or other types of intermediaries; registering with or contacting public or private employment services; applying to employers directly, checking at worksites, farms, factory gates, markets or other assembly places;  placing or answering newspaper or online job advertisements;  placing or updating résumés on professional or social networking sites online.
The point when the enterprise starts to exist should be used to distinguish between search activities aimed at setting up a business and the productive activity itself, as evidenced by the enterprise’s registration to operate or by when financial resources become available, the necessary infrastructure or materials are in place or the first client or order is received, depending on the context.

19 ECLAC Classification of Time-Use Activities for Latin America and the Caribbean (CAUTAL) 14.
Commuting Commuting is an activity related to employment, unpaid trainee work and employment-seeking or setting up a business, whose purpose is for working people to travel to and from the workplace or the place or places where their tasks are to be carried out or the obligations or commitments accepted fulfilled.

Time spent waiting for the conveyance that will take them to work or home falls into this category.
Any travel to and from a destination other than work (to make payments, go to their children’s school or shop for cooking ingredients and return home, etc.)

is not to be computed under this division, as it will be included in each specific activity.

10.
10.

Other work activities “Other work activities” include such activities as unpaid community service and unpaid work by prisoners, when ordered by a court or similar authority, and unpaid military or alternative civilian service, which may be treated as a distinct form of work for measurement (such as compulsory work performed without pay for others).

2.
2.

Own-use goods production work This covers work done by household members to obtain mainly goods for own final use (personal consumption or capital formation).

It includes all goods production activities, even if the decision as to whether to sell the goods or retain them for own final use is taken only once they have been produced.

21.
21.

Primary own-use activities This mainly encompasses the production of agricultural products and their subsequent storage; the gathering of berries or other uncultivated crops; forestry; wood-cutting and the collection of firewood; hunting and fishing.

Also included is the production of other primary products such as mining salt, cutting peat, etc.

The carrying of water is also considered a goods-producing activity in this context.
As mentioned in the 2008 SNA, no full and exhaustive list of all possible production activities can be arrived at, but it is advisable to include those household production activities where the amount of the item produced is considered quantitatively substantial in relation to the total supply of that item in the country.

22.

Non-primary own-use activities.


Excludes construction This includes the processing of agricultural products; the production of grain by threshing; the production of flour by milling; the curing of skins and the production of leather; the production and preservation of meat and fish products; the preservation of fruit by drying, bottling, etc.

; the production of dairy products such as butter or cheese; the production of beer, wine, or spirits; the production of baskets or mats; etc.
Likewise included are other kinds of processing such as weaving cloth; dress making and tailoring; the production of footwear; the production of pottery, utensils or durables; making furniture or furnishings; etc.

23.

Construction for own final use This refers to construction activities or major repair work in the person’s own home, agricultural outbuildings, etc.

B.
B.

Unpaid work (outside the SNA production boundary) This covers households’ work activities associated with the provision of services for the members of the household concerned, other households or the community; it also includes unpaid work done in non- profit institutions.

All these unpaid activities are outside the SNA production boundary, though within the general production boundary, and are not recorded in the national accounts.
20 ECLAC Classification of Time-Use Activities for Latin America and the Caribbean (CAUTAL) 3.

Unpaid domestic work for own household Domestic work done by household members for their own use or profit or that of their household without any monetary recompense.

These are activities related to the concept of social reproduction, i.e., maintenance and reproduction of the workforce.
The category excludes any activities carried out in households whose product is intended for sale in the market and for which remuneration is received, such as preparing food for sale, washing and ironing other people’s clothes and making and mending clothing as a paid economic activity for the market, among other things.

Travel times associated with the activities in this major division should be included in the time taken by the task itself, even if this is not specified.
For example, the activities of cleaning, maintenance and minor repairs on vehicles used by the household include travel and waiting times.

31.

Food preparation and serving This division includes all activities related to the preparation and cooking of food and drink, including snacks that will be consumed by members of the household in the home or elsewhere.
It covers the time spent cleaning and cutting meat, cereals, fruit and vegetables, preparation time (peeling fruit and vegetables, seasoning food, grinding grains, kneading bread, etc.)

and the time spent supervising the cooking or heating of food.

Also covered is the work involved in serving, packaging or storing food and cleaning the utensils used to prepare, serve and eat food and the place where it has been cooked and eaten.
In other words, the calculation should include the time spent setting and clearing the table (laying and removing tablecloths, plates, cutlery, etc.

), taking food to the table, washing, drying and putting away the items used to prepare and serve food (including time spent arranging them in a dishwasher) and cleaning the area where food cooking and washing up has taken place.

Travel involved in transporting the food prepared to some member of the household outside the home (at work or school, etc.)
is also included in this division.

32.

Cleaning of the home This covers general cleaning of the place where the household members live.

It includes activities such as washing, vacuuming, dusting furniture, hanging and taking down curtains, polishing, waxing and mopping any area of the home, indoors or outdoors.

It also includes activities such as making beds, tidying the sleeping area, changing sheets and bedspreads, cleaning or washing bathrooms and putting things away.
It excludes ordering of the cooking utensils included in division 31.

This division also encompasses activities involved in separating, throwing away or disposing of refuse.

This includes separating refuse for disposal or recycling (paper, bottles, tins, etc.

), depositing it in containers, collection trucks and public dumps or on waste ground, burning or burying it or giving it away.

33.
33.

Cleaning and care of clothes and footwear This division groups activities such as washing, hanging and/or drying clothes (by hand or machine).

It covers hand washing in a sink or tub or on a stone, etc.

; going out to do washing at a public washing place, river, stream or laundry; putting clothes in to soak, and loading and unloading a washing machine; washing garments and other textiles; sorting clothes for washing and hanging clothes out on a washing line and taking them down.
The time a washing or drying machine works unattended is not counted.

Also included is separating and arranging clothes for ironing, ironing itself, and folding, sorting and/or putting away clean and/or ironed clothes.

The division also encompasses mending and minor adjustments of clothes and textiles, such as changing fasteners, patching, taking up hems and turn-ups, sewing buttons, etc.

Time spent cleaning and maintaining footwear is likewise included in this division.
21 ECLAC Classification of Time-Use Activities for Latin America and the Caribbean (CAUTAL) Travel time (including waiting time) involved in taking clothes or footwear out to be washed, ironed and/or mended and/or picking them up is also to be counted in this division.

34.

Maintenance and minor repairs for own household This covers minor painting, plastering, whitewashing, etc.
jobs on floors, walls and roofs, electrical work such as changing lights and light bulbs, repairing electrical connections, etc., plumbing work such as unblocking bathtubs and sinks, mending pipes, taps, etc., and carpentry work such as sanding, painting, varnishing, assembly, etc.
This division does not include activities involved in the total or partial construction of walls, floors or roofs or any other major activity, as these form part of the construction for own final use activities included in division 23.
This division also includes setting up domestic equipment and appliances, repairing and maintaining furniture, domestic and electronic and personal appliances, repairing and maintaining cooking utensils, repairing and maintaining decorative items such as ornamental lamps, figurines, pictures, etc., cleaning and oiling sewing machines, typewriters, etc., mending toys, changing the time on clocks and watches, changing batteries and repairing and maintaining jewellery.
It likewise includes travel and waiting time involved in taking household goods and personal effects to be repaired or maintained somewhere outside the home.

All activities involved in looking after vehicles belonging to the household, such as washing, polishing, waxing, changing oil and filters, greasing engines or other maintenance or repair services are also included in this division.
In the event that these services are carried out somewhere outside the home, travel time from the place of origin to wherever the service is to be performed and back must be included, as must time spent waiting for and/or supervising the maintenance or repair service.

35.

Household management This division groups all activities connected with administrative errands and payment for personal or household services.
It includes time actually spent travelling from the place of origin to wherever these errands are to be performed and back, waiting, and actually carrying out the procedures involved in paying for services such as water, electricity, taxes, telephony, banking services, school fees or legal certification or conducting dealings related to public programmes, pension or retirement procedures, visa issuance, paying or subscribing to services for the home or household members, and the sale and disposal of any household asset.
It also encompasses the organization of documents, payments or papers, including activities such as keeping the household accounts and organizing and looking for papers, receipts for payments made and/or invoices to be paid, certificates, passports, deeds, etc.

It likewise includes travel associated with these activities.

36.
36.

Shopping for the household (including travel) This division covers shopping for food (purchasing products for the preparation of food or drinks or ready-made food) and other household items such as utensils, furnishings, household electrical goods and electronic appliances, etc.
It also includes shopping for goods for household members such as clothes, footwear, personal hygiene products, school supplies, etc., and the purchase of automotive vehicles (motorcycles, cars, lorries) and land, housing and other immovable property.

This division includes time spent travelling, searching for products and product information and price comparisons, going to shops and looking at shop windows and stalls or any other sales outlet with the intention of purchasing.
Shopping includes purchases made directly in person and those made over the Internet and/or telephone.

22 ECLAC Classification of Time-Use Activities for Latin America and the Caribbean (CAUTAL) 37.

Pets and plants care This division includes day-to-day activities involved in caring for pets such as feeding them, cleaning the place where they eat or sleep and grooming them, including travel and waiting time if these activities are carried out elsewhere.
It also includes walking and training pets and taking them for training or to a vet, including travel and waiting time.

Likewise included are activities involved in looking after ornamental and/or garden plants, i.e., maintenance of indoor, outdoor and garden plants involving watering, pruning, planting, cleaning, fertilizing, arranging plant pots and repotting, cutting grass and clearing leaves.

4.
4.

Unpaid care of household members This division covers all unpaid caregiving and support services for children aged under 15, other household members aged from 15 to 59 and older adults aged 60 and over.

For each of these population groups, a distinction is made between temporary health care and care for chronically ill or permanently dependent people, as well as travel connected with these caregiving activities.

Only activities involved in caring for household members are included.
The age groups should be adapted to disaggregation requirements in each country.

For analytical purposes, these groups can be defined on the basis of the legal age of work or compulsory schooling or other characteristics specified for the purpose of analysing the information.

Similarly, the concept of disability or permanent dependency should conform to national definitions and laws.

41.
41.

Care of household members aged 0 to 14 This division includes personal care and physical attention for children aged under 15, care for children’s health, support with school and/or learning and accompaniment and travel for care and support activities provided to persons under 15.

It excludes care for disabled or permanently dependent household members in this age range, as they are to be included in division 44.
Care for children includes feeding (breastfeeding, bottle feeding or solid feeding), grooming (bathing them, taking them to the bathroom or changing their nappies, applying lotions, combing their hair, cutting their nails and hair, dressing them, etc.

), getting them ready to go to school or anywhere else, carrying them and putting them to bed (settling them, singing or reading to them, etc.)

and playing with or talking to them.


Also included is the activity of minding children, i.e., supervising them, being on hand and available to see to their needs if required.

Caring for the health of children under 15 includes taking their temperature, pressure, etc., giving them medicines, applying treatments and therapies, and grooming and bathing them more than usual when they are temporarily ill and require it for this reason.
School and learning support for household members aged 0 to 14 covers activities such as day- to-day teaching, reading, checking homework, attending meetings, festivals or activities in support of the school, picking up school marks or going to sign them, meeting in person with teachers, etc.
Care-related accompaniment and travel activities include all travel in both directions and time spent accompanying child members of the household for care purposes, for example when taking them to and picking them up from school, nursery or out-of-school learning activities; to the doctor or hospital for check- ups or vaccinations or when the child is ill; and to sports activities, outings, museums, cinemas and parks.

42.
42.

Care of household members aged 15 to 59 This division groups care and support activities for household members aged 15 to 59, including health care, travel and accompaniment.
It includes activities such as supervising homework or proper use of technology; visiting the doctor for check-ups or because of an accident or illness, applying therapies, giving medicines, applying and/or removing bandages, preparing treatments, giving them food, grooming them when necessary because of a temporary health condition; taking them to a doctor 23 ECLAC Classification of Time-Use Activities for Latin America and the Caribbean (CAUTAL) or hospital, to school or university, or to sports, social, cultural or entertainment activities, keeping them company while there and collecting them.
This division excludes care for disabled or permanently dependent household members in this age range, as they are to be included in division 44.

43.

Care of household members aged 60 and over This division includes care and support for older adults aged 60 and over, care for their health, and travel and accompaniment.
It covers support and learning activities and help with proper use of a device or utilization of electronic media; additional care required for older adults because of illness (applying therapies, giving medicines, bandaging and carrying out treatments, and feeding and grooming as necessitated by this non-permanent illness); accompaniment and travel for activities, such as taking them to and picking them up from a doctor or hospital, or to a place where they are to receive some service or carry out a personal administrative errand; social, cultural, sports or entertainment activities; or anywhere else.
The division excludes care for disabled or permanently dependent household members in this age range, as they are to be included in division 44.

44.

Care of disabled or permanently dependent household members (all ages) This division includes care for disabled and permanently dependent household members, irrespective of age.

The definition of disability used by each country must conform to the legislation, regulations and definitions applying there.
Care for disabled and permanently dependent household members includes feeding, bathing and grooming them, playing and talking with them, reading to them and minding them (being on hand and available to see to their needs if required).

It also includes caring temporarily or permanently for their health and accompanying them and taking them anywhere they need to go.

5.
5.

Unpaid work for other households or the community and volunteering This division includes support services provided to other households in the form of wholly unpaid domestic and personal care activities.

It also encompasses the provision of services to individuals or the community by individuals or small groups of people who are not formally organized, as well as unpaid volunteer services provided to people through non-profit institutions.

51.
51.

Unpaid work for other households This division includes all unpaid domestic and care work for members of other households.

The activities covered include food preparation and serving, home cleaning and maintenance, cleaning of clothes and footwear, household and payment administration and pet care, among other things, irrespective of where the activity is carried out and the method used for it (such as payments over the Internet).
Also included is care for children, older adults and sick and disabled persons who are members of other households, and travel carried out for these activities.

52.

Unpaid community work This includes unpaid work for the betterment of the community, such as clearing of common lands, gardening, lighting, surveillance, etc.

Activities for the social life of the community are also covered, such as preparation of food and drink, arrangements for celebrations, personal care, etc.
Likewise included are administrative errands and arrangements to organize or improve the community’s services or surroundings.

24 ECLAC Classification of Time-Use Activities for Latin America and the Caribbean (CAUTAL) 53.
Volunteer work at non-profit institutions This includes administrative and professional services, repairs, distribution of information or collection of funds, teaching and care provided on an unpaid voluntary basis through union, political, civic, religious, associative or social organizations, always provided they are non-profit-making.
C. Personal activities (outside the SNA general production boundary) Activities that are not productive in an economic sense include basic human activities such as eating, drinking, sleeping, taking exercise and the like, i.e., activities that people carry out for their own benefit and cannot delegate to anyone else.

The activity itself and its consequences do not involve anyone else and only affect the person concerned.
This section also includes learning and study, socializing, recreation and sports activities and the use of communications media.

25 ECLAC Classification of Time-Use Activities for Latin America and the Caribbean (CAUTAL) VI.

Classification of Time-Use Activities for Latin America and the Caribbean (CAUTAL) Major divisions (one digit) A.

Employment and own-use goods production work (within the SNA production boundary) 1.

Employment and related activities 2.

Own-use goods production B.


Unpaid work (outside the SNA production boundary) 3.

Unpaid domestic work for own household 4.

Unpaid care of household members 5.

Unpaid work for other households or the community and volunteering C. Personal activities (outside the SNA general production boundary) 6.

Learning and study 7.

Socializing and leisure activities 8.

Use of communications media 9.

Self-care Major divisions (one digit) and divisions (two digits) A.
Employment and own-use goods production work (within the SNA production boundary) 1.

Employment and related activities 11 Employment 12 Unpaid trainee work 13 Employment-seeking or setting up a business 14 Commuting to and from work 10 Other productive activities 27 ECLAC Classification of Time-Use Activities for Latin America and the Caribbean (CAUTAL) 2.

Own-use goods production 21 Primary own-use activities 22 Non-primary own-use activities (excluding construction) 23 Construction for own final use B.
Unpaid work (outside the SNA production boundary) 3.

Unpaid domestic work for own household 31 Food preparation and serving 32 Cleaning of the home 33 Cleaning and care of clothes and footwear 34 Maintenance and minor repairs for own household 35 Household management 36 Shopping for the household (including travel) 37 Pets and plants care 4.
Unpaid care of household members 41 Care of household members aged 0 to 14 42 Care of household members aged 15 to 59 43 Care of household members aged 60 and over 44 Care of disabled or permanently dependent household members (all ages) 5.

Unpaid work for other households or the community and volunteering 51 Unpaid work for other households 52 Unpaid work for the community 53 Volunteer work at non-profit institutions C. Personal activities (outside the SNA general production boundary) 6.
Learning and study 61 Learning and study 62 Travel for study activities 7.

Socializing and leisure activities 71 Socializing with family members and others 72 Attendance at cultural, entertainment and sports events 73 Arts and hobbies 74 Sport and physical exercise 8.
Use of communications media 81 Reading books, magazines, newspapers or other material on any medium 82 Watching television or videos exclusively 83 Listening to the radio or other audio media exclusively 84 Using a computer, tablet or mobile phone (video or audio, Internet, downloading files) 9.
Self-care 91 Self-care 92 Physiological activities 28 ECLAC Classification of Time-Use Activities for Latin America and the Caribbean (CAUTAL) Sections, major divisions, divisions, groups (three digits) and subgroups (four digits) A 1 11 12 13 14 10 21 2 22 23 B Employment and own-use goods production work (within the SNA production boundary) Employment and related activities Employment Wage work Work as employer or owner Own-account work Unpaid work by assistants or family members Unpaid trainee work Employment-seeking or setting up a business Commuting to and from work Other work activities Own-use goods production Primary own-use activities Tending a maize patch, vegetable plot, kitchen garden or the like Foraging for wild agricultural products Farming of animals and production of animal products for own final use Hunting, fishing and foraging for wild forest products, except firewood Foraging for firewood Fetching water Mining and quarrying Purchases and travel related to own-use goods production Other primary own-use activities Non-primary own-use activities (excluding construction) Food and beverage production and processing Making garments, other textile products and shoes Other non-primary product manufacture (ceramics, furniture, carts, boats, canoes) for own use Construction for own final use
 Construction of housing and other structures for own final use Purchases and travel related to construction for own final use Other construction for own final use Unpaid work (outside the SNA production boundary) Unpaid domestic work for own household Food preparation and serving Cooking and preparing food or drinks Serving food and cleaning the eating area Washing dishes and cleaning the cooking area Taking food to a household member at work, school or elsewhere Other activities related to food management and
 preparation Cleaning of the home Cleaning the home Discarding, separating or recycling refuse Other home cleaning activities Cleaning and care of clothing and footwear Washing and drying clothes by hand or machine Ironing and putting away clothes Making repairs and minor adjustments to clothes and textiles Cleaning and maintaining footwear Taking clothing or footwear to be washed, ironed or repaired elsewhere and collecting it Other clothing and footwear cleaning and care activities Maintenance and minor repairs for own household Maintenance, fittings and minor repairs to the home Maintenance and minor repairs to household goods and personal effects Cleaning, maintenance and minor repairs to vehicles used by the household Other maintenance, installation and minor repairs to the household’s own goods Household management Doing administrative errands and paying bills (including travel) Organizing documents and budgeting Other administrative activities for own household Shopping for the household (including travel) Shopping for food and other goods for the household Shopping for clothes, footwear or other goods for household members Buying vehicles and real estate Other goods purchases Pets and plants care Pets care Plants care 29 ECLAC Classification of Time-Use Activities for Latin America and the Caribbean (CAUTAL) 4 41 Unpaid care of household members Care of household members aged 0 to 14 411 Caregiving and support for household members aged 0 to 14 4111 4112
for household members aged 0 to Feeding household members aged 0 to 14 Holding and settling household members aged 0 to 14 Bathing, cleaning or grooming household members aged 0 to 14 Reading, playing or talking with household members aged 0 to 14 Minding household members aged 0 to 14 Temporary health care for household members aged
 0 to 14 School or learning support for household members aged 0 to 14 Helping household members aged 0 to 14 with homework Going to meetings, festivals or other activities to provide school or learning support for household members aged 0 to 14 Accompanying and transporting household members aged 0 to 14 Accompanying and transporting household members aged 0 to 14 to nurseries or teaching establishments Accompanying and transporting household members aged 0 to 14 to health-care establishments Accompanying and transporting household members aged 0 to 14 anywhere else Other caregiving and support activities for household members aged 0 to 14 Care of household members aged 15 to 59 Caregiving and support for household members aged 15 to 59 Temporary health care for household members aged 15 to 59 Accompanying and transporting household members aged 15 to 59 Accompanying and transporting household members aged 15 to 59 to health-care establishments Accompanying and transporting household members aged 15 to 59 anywhere else Other caregiving and support activities for household members aged 15 to 59 Care of household members aged 60 and over Caregiving and support for household members aged 60 and over Temporary health care for household members aged 60 and over Accompanying, transporting or collecting household members aged 60 and over so that they can receive care and support services Accompanying and transporting household members aged 60 and over to health-care establishments Accompanying and transporting household members aged 60 and over on legal, administrative and financial errands Accompanying and transporting household members aged 60 and over anywhere else Other caregiving and support activities for household members aged 60 and over Care of disabled or permanently dependent household members (all ages) Care of disabled or permanently dependent household members Feeding, bathing and grooming permanently dependent or disabled household members Reading, playing
 or talking with permanently dependent or disabled household members Minding permanently dependent or disabled household members Other care for permanently dependent or disabled household members Health care for permanently dependent or disabled household members Temporary health care for permanently dependent or disabled household members Permanent health care for permanently dependent or disabled household members Accompanying and transporting permanently dependent or disabled household members anywhere Accompanying and transporting permanently dependent or disabled household members to health-care establishments Accompanying and transporting permanently dependent or disabled household members anywhere else Other activities caring for permanently dependent or disabled household members Unpaid work for other households or the community and volunteering Unpaid work for other households Unpaid domestic tasks for other households Unpaid care of people from other households Other unpaid activities assisting other households Unpaid work for the community Unpaid community improvement work Unpaid work for the benefit of the community’s social life Other unpaid community support work 30 ECLAC Classification of Time-Use Activities for Latin America and the Caribbean (CAUTAL) 53 Volunteer work at non-profit institutions C Volunteer work on health-care activities Volunteer work on educational activities Other volunteer work Personal activities (outside the SNA general production boundary) Learning and study Learning and study Attending classes in the education system Distance education and extracurricular education Study, homework and research Supplementary learning and study activities Other study activities Travel for study activities Socializing and leisure activities Socializing with family members and others Socializing
 with family, friends and others Attending community, civic or religious celebrations Other socializing activities Attendance at cultural, entertainment and sports events Attending cultural events Attending entertainment events Attending sports events Other activities related to attendance at cultural, entertainment or sports events Arts and hobbies Visual, graphic, literary or performing arts Board games, games of chance and the like Other participation in games and hobbies Sport and physical exercise Practising some sport Doing physical exercise Other physical exercise and sports activities Use of communications media Reading books, magazines, newspapers or other material on any medium Watching television or videos exclusively Listening to the radio or other audio media exclusively Using a computer, tablet or mobile phone (video or audio, Internet, downloading files) Self-care Self-care Personal cleaning and grooming Health care (including travel) Resting, praying or meditating Other personal activities Physiological activities Eating and drinking Sleeping 31 ECLAC Classification of Time-Use Activities for Latin America and the Caribbean (CAUTAL) Bibliography Aguirre, Rosario and Fernanda Ferrari (2014), “Las encuestas sobre uso del tiempo y trabajo no remunerado en América Latina y el Caribe: caminos recorridos y desafíos hacia el futuro”, Asuntos de Género series, No.
122 (LC/L.3678/Rev.1), Santiago, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), February.

ECLAC (Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean) (2015a), Resolution 9(VIII) of the eighth meeting of the Statistical Conference of the Americas of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Quito, 17-19 November.

(2015b), Classification of Time-Use Activities for Latin America (CAUTAL) (LC/L.4083(CEA.8/8)).
(2013), “Santo Domingo Consensus”, Report of the Twelfth Session of the Regional Conference on Women in Latin America and the Caribbean (Santo Domingo, 15-18 October 2013) (LC/L.3789), Santiago.

(2010), “Brasilia Consensus”, Report of the Eleventh Session of the Regional Conference on Women in Latin America and the Caribbean (Brasilia, 13-16 July 2010) (LC/L.3309), Santiago.
(2007a), “Quito Consensus”, Report of the Tenth Session of the Regional Conference on Women in Latin America and the Caribbean (Quito, 6-9 August 2007) (LC/G.2361(CRM.10/8)), Santiago.

(2007b), Resolution 5 (IV) of the fourth meeting of the Statistical Conference of the Americas of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Santiago, 25-27 July.
Gómez Luna, María Eugenia (2010), Directrices y referentes conceptuales para armonizar las encuestas sobre uso del tiempo en América Latina y el Caribe.

Documento para discusión, National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI).
ILO (International Labour Organization) (2013), “Resolution concerning statistics of work, employment and labour underutilization”, nineteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians, October [online] http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---stat/documents/normativeinstrument/ wcms_230304.pdf.

Marco, Flavia (2012), “La utilización de las encuestas de uso del tiempo en las políticas públicas”, Mujer y Desarrollo series, No.
119 (LC/L.3557), Santiago, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), October.

Milosavljevic, Vivian and Odette Tacla (2007), “Incorporando un módulo de uso del tiempo a las encuestas de hogares.

Restricciones y potencialidades”, Mujer y Desarrollo series, No.

83 (LC/L.2709-P), Santiago, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), July.
United Nations (2015), “International Classification of Activities for Time-Use Statistics (ICATUS)”, Department of Economic and Social Affairs [online] http://unstats.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/ regcst.asp?Cl=231&Lg=1.
33 ECLAC Classification of Time-Use Activities for Latin America and the Caribbean (CAUTAL) (2009), System of National Accounts 2008, European Commission/Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)/International Monetary Fund (IMF)/World Bank [online] http://unstats.un.org/unsd/nationalaccount/docs/SNA2008.pdf.

(2006), Guide to Producing Statistics on Time Use: Measuring Paid and Unpaid Work (ST/ESA/STAT/SER.F/93), New York, Department of Economic and Social Affairs.
(1995), Report of the Fourth World Conference on Women (A/CONF.177/20/Rev.1) [online] http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/beijing/pdf/Beijing%20full%20report%20E.pdf.

(1993), System of National Accounts, 1993 (ST/ESA/STAT/SER.F/2/ Rev.4), New York.
34 CEPAL Classification of Time-Use Activities for Latin America and the Caribbean (CAUTAL) Annex 35 Countries that have applied surveys and/or modules or included regular questions on time use and unpaid work Country Argentina Before 2006 2005 (Buenos Aires) Survey/Module/Questions Diary 2006 or later 2010-2011 (Rosario) Survey/Module/Questions Module in the Permanent Household Survey 2001 Module in the Continuous Household Survey 2010, 2011 2013 Module in the Annual Survey of Urban Households (EAHU) Household Time-Use Survey Since 1992 Questions in the National Household Survey (PNAD) Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Brazil Colombia Cuba Chile Dominican Republic Ecuador 3 6 El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Mexico Costa Rica 2004 1985, 1988,1997 2001 Module in the Multipurpose Household Survey (EHPM) Questions Survey in five municipalities 2004 2005 2005 2000 1996 1998, 2002 Module in the Household Survey Time-Use Survey Short list of questions in the Multipurpose Household Survey (EHPM) Module in the National Survey of Living Conditions (ENCOVI) Module in the National Survey on Work, Contributions and Time Use (ENTAUT) National Time-Use Survey (ENUT) Nicaragua 1998 Module in the National Household Survey on Living Standards Measurement (ENHMNV) Panama Peru Uruguay 2003 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Survey in the Metropolitan Area (University of the Republic) Creation of the Working Group on Gender Statistics at the Statistical Conference of the Americas (SCA-ECLAC) 2006 2009-2010 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010
 2012 2011 Questions in the National Household Survey (PNAD) Pilot survey using diaries in five states of Brazil Questions in the Large Integrated Household Survey National Time-Use Survey Survey on Time Use in the Greater Metropolitan Area 2008-2009 2015 2006-2007 2007, 2010 and 2012 Experimental Survey on Time Use in Greater Santiago National Time-Use Survey Question in the Demographic and Health Survey National Time-Use Surveys 2010-2011 Module in the Multipurpose Household Survey (EHPM) Module in the National Survey of Living Conditions (ENCOVI) Module in the National Employment and Income Survey Module in the Permanent Household Survey National Time-Use Survey (ENUT) Module in the National Household Income and Expenditure Survey National Time-Use Survey (ENUT) Module in the Multipurpose Survey National Time-Use Survey Questions integrated into the Continuous Household Survey National Time-Use Survey 2010 2007, 2011 and 2013 Module in the Continuous Household Survey 2008-2011 Time-Use Survey 2006, 2011 2014 2009, 2011 2009 2010 2014 2006 2011 2006 E C L A C C l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f T m e - ( C A U T A L )