Source document: https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1698844177158.pdf (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)
TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 1 THE 2001 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS AT A GLANCE..................... 2 CHAPTER ONE: POPULATION SIZE, GROWTH, AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS .................................................................. 3 POPULATION SIZE AND GROWTH ....................................................................... 3 1.
POPULATION BY CENSUS DIVISION.................................................................... 4 2.

POPULATION DENSITY ......................................................................................... 7 3.

POPULATION BY AGE GROUP .............................................................................. 9 4.

SEX RATIO............................................................................................................ 10 5.
POPULATION BY RELIGION................................................................................ 13 6.

POPULATION BY ETHNIC GROUPS .................................................................... 16 7.

8.

POPULATION BY PLACE OF BIRTH AND PLACE OF RESIDENCE.................... 18 9.

LOCALLY BORN POPULATION BY PLACE OF BIRTH AND RESIDENCE......... 18 CHAPTER TWO: EDUCATION AND TRAINING................................................ 21 1.
OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................... 21 2.

EDUCATION AND DEMOGRAPHY...................................................................... 22 POPULATION ATTENDING SCHOOL OR EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION ......... 22 3.
Pre-School/ Nursery...................................................................................... 22 Primary Education ........................................................................................ 24 6677$$77,,6677,,&&$$//22)))),,&&(( Secondary Education..................................................................................... 24 &&((117755$$//33//$$1111,,11**'',,99,,66,,2211 Special Education.......................................................................................... 25 00,,11,,667755<<22)))),,11$$11&&((33//$$1111,,11**$$11''''((99((//223300((1177 Post Secondary Education ............................................................................ 25 ..,,11**667722::11667799,,11&&((1177$$11''77++((**55((11$$'',,11((66 Professional, Technical And Vocational Education ..................................... 26 4.
POPULATION ATTENDING SCHOOL BY CENSUS DIVISIONS ..................... 30 POPULATION BY HIGHEST CERTIFICATE, DIPLOMA OR DEGREE EARNED .

31 5.

3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 CHAPTER THREE: ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS ................................... 34 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 1.

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 34 2.
METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES ............................................................................... 34 3.

THE POPULATION FIFTEEN (15) YEARS AND OVER ........................................ 35 4.
ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION ........................................................... 36 Characteristics of the Labour Force............................................................. 36 Labour Force Participation Rates ................................................................ 37 Employed Population .................................................................................... 39 Employment by Census Division ................................................................... 40 Employment by Main Industry ...................................................................... 40 Employment by Occupation .......................................................................... 41 Employment Type of Worker ......................................................................... 43 Employment by Level of Education............................................................... 44 Employment by Union Status ........................................................................ 45 5.
UNEMPLOYMENT .............................................................................................. 45 Unemployment by Age................................................................................... 46 Unemployment by Education Level............................................................... 47 Unemployment by Union Status .................................................................... 48 Unemployment by Census Division............................................................... 48 6.
ECONOMICALLY INACTIVE ............................................................................. 50 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 CHAPTER FOUR: HOUSING AND SERVICES .................................................... 64 1.

NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS AND AVERAGE SIZE......................................... 64 2.

HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE OF DWELLING, OWNERSHIP AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL ............................................................................ 67 3.
HOUSEHOLD BY NUMBER OF ROOMS............................................................ 68 SERVICES.............................................................................................................. 69 4.
4.1 Water Supply ................................................................................................. 69 Lighting ......................................................................................................... 71 4.2 Household by Fuel Used for Cooking ........................................................... 71 4.3 Households by Ownership of Goods and Access to Services........................ 73 4.4 Appliances ..................................................................................................... 74 4.5 Toilet Facilities ............................................................................................. 74 4.6 CHAPTER FIVE: MARITAL STATUS, UNION STATUS AND FERTILITY... 84 1.
OVERVIEW........................................................................................................... 84 2.

MARITAL STATUS............................................................................................... 84 3.

UNION STATUS, AGE AND FERTILITY ............................................................ 88 FEMALE POPULATION BY UNION STATUS AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITY.. 90 4.

FEMALES 15 – 64 YEARS AND NUMBER OF CHILDREN BORNE ................. 91 5.

6.
POPULATION 15 AND OVER BY GENDER, AGE GROUP AND AGE AT FIRST UNION.................................................................................................................. 94 APPENDIX 1: DESCRIPTION OF CENSUS DIVISIONS.................................. 96 APPENDIX 2: CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS ................................................ 99 APPENDIX 3: STRUCTURE OF THE INDIVIDUAL QUESTIONNAIRE .... 106 APPENDIX 5: MAP SHOWING POPULATION BY CENSUS DIVISION ...... 131 LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1 Population Size and Growth 1871 - 2001………………………………………………4 Table 1.2 Population And Percentage Change By Census Division – 1980, 1991 & 2001 ………...6 Table 1.3 Percentage Distribution of Population by Census Division – 1980, 1991 & 2001………..7 Table 1.4 Density Of Population - 1980, 1991 & 2001…………………………………………….8 Table 1.5 Percentage Distribution of Population by Age Group and Sex 1991 & 2001 ………… 11 Table 1.6 Population by Age Group And Sex 1991 & 2001……………..………………………...12 Table 1.7 Population By Broad Age Group And Sex 1991 & 2001 ………..……………………...12 Table 1.8 Percentage Distribution of Population by Broad Age Group and Sex 1991 & 2001 ….13 Table 1.9 Population by Religion and Sex 1991 & 2001………………………………………….15 Table 1.10 Percentage Distribution of Population by Religion and Sex 1991 & 2001 …………….15 Table 1.11 Population by Ethnic Group and Sex 1991 & 2001……………………………………...17 Table 1.12 Percentage Distribution of Population by Ethnic Group and Sex 1991 & 2001………..17 Table 1.13 Population by Place of Residence,
 Place of Birth and Sex 2001………………………..18 Table 1.14 Local Born Population by Place Of Birth, Place of Residence and Gender 2001….……20 Table 2.1 Population 2 – 4 Yrs Attending School by Gender and Census Division 2001…………27 Table 2.2 Attendance at School by Age Group and Sex 2001……………………………………...27 Table 2.3 Table 2.4 Population Attending School or Educational Institution by Age and Sex 1991 & 2001 ………………………………………………………………………………….28 Population Attending School or Educational Institution by Type of School
 and Sex 1991 & 2001…………………………………………………………………………………...29 Table 2.5 Population Attending School by Gender and Census Division 2001………….………...30 Table 2.6 Population by Highest Certificate , Diploma or Degree Earned 2001………………….32 Table 2.7 Population by Gender, Age Group and Highest Exam Passed 2001…………….………33 Table 3.1 A Economically Active Population by Current Activity Status, Gender and Census Division During The Week Before Census 1991& 2001………………………….…….51 Table 3.1B Percentage Distribution Of Currently Active Population by Gender and Census Division During The Week Before Census 1991 & 2001 …………………………..… 52 Table 3.2 Current Employment, Unemployment And Participation Rates by Gender and Census Division During The Week Before Census 2001 & 1991………………………53 Table 3.3A Employed Population by Main Industrial Groups and Gender 19991 & 2001…………..54 Table 3.3B Employed Population by Main Industrial Groups During The Week Before Census 2001 & 1991……………………………………………………………………..55 Table 3.3C Percentage Change In Employed Population by Main Industrial Groups and Gender 1991 & 2001……………………………………………………………………………..56 Table 3.4A Employed Population by Main Occupational Group and Gender During The Week Before Census 1991 & 2001……………………………………………………………..57 Table 3.4 B Percentage Distribution of Employed Population by Gender 2001 & 1991…………….57 Table 3.5 Table 3.6 Table 3.7 Table 3.8 Table 3.9 Employed Population by Type of Worker During The Week Before Census 2001
 &1991……………………………………………………………………………...58 Employed Population by Number of Hours Worked and Gender During The Week Before Census 2001……………………………………………………………………..58 Employed Population by Level of Educational Attainment and Gender During The Week Before Census 1991 & 2001…………………………………………………………….59 Employed Population by Union Status and Gender During The Week Before Census 2001……………………………………………………………………………..59 Population 15 Years and Over Unemployed Past Week by Gender, Age Group and Census Division
 2001…………………………………………………………………...60 Table 3.10 Unemployment Rate by Gender and Census Division 2001 & 1991……………………61 Table 3.11 Unemployed Population by Educational Attainment 2001 & 1991……………………..61 Table 3.12 Unemployed by Union Status During The Week Before Census 2001…………………62 Table 3.13 Economically Inactive Population by Sex and Age Group During The Week Before Census 2001 ……………………………………………………………………………..63 Table 4.1 Number of Households and Average Size 1970, 1980, 1991 And 2001………………...75 Table 4.2 Number of Households by Number of Rooms 1980, 1991 & 2001……………………..75 Table 4.3 Number of Households by Census Division 1970, 1980, 1991 & 2001…………………76 Table 4.4 Percentage Distribution of Households and Mean Size 1970, 1980, 1991 & 2001……...77 Table 4.5 Number of Households by Type of Ownership 1980, 1991 & 2001…………………….77 Table 4.6 Number of Households by Marital Status and Gender of Head of Household 2001….…78 Table 4.7 Number of Households by Year of Construction of Dwelling 2001……………….……78 Table 4.8 Number of Households by Type of Construction Material and Census Division 2001…79 Table 4.9 Number of Households by Type of Lighting Used and Census Division 2001…………79 Table 4.10 Number of Households by Main Source of Water Supply 2001 & 1991………………..80 Table 4.11 Number of Households by Main Source of Water Supply and Census Division 2001 …………………………………………………………………………...80 Table 4.12 Households by Toilet Facilities 2001…………………………………………………...81 Table 4.13 Households
 With Radio, Television and Video by Census Division 2001 & 1991……..82 Table 4.14 Number of Households by Number of Vehicle For Private Use and Census Division 2001……………………………………………………………………………83 Table 4.15 Number of Household by Type of Facilities 2001………………………………………83 Table 4.16 Summary of Housing Stock 2001………………………………………………………..84 Table 5.1 Population 15 Years and Over by Union Status and Sex 1991 & 2001…………………87 Table 5.2 Population 14 Years and Over By Marital Status, and Age Group 2001………………..89
 Table 5.3 Number of Women Giving Birth In the Year Preceding the Census by Age Group and Marital Status ……………………………………………………………………….90 Table 5.4 Age Specific Fertility Rates of Female Population 15 – 44 Years 1991 & 2001………..91 Table 5.5 Female Population by Economic Activity and Union Status 2001………………………92 Table 5.6 Women 15 – 64 Yrs and Number of Children Ever Borne 2001 & 1991 ………………93 Table 5.7 Mean Children Ever Borne by Age Group of Mother 1991 & 2001…………………….94 Table 5.8 Population 15 Years and Over by Gender, Age Group and Age at First Union 2001…...96 INTRODUCTION A Population and Housing Census is a count of all people and households in country on a given day, Census Day, and is generally conducted every ten years.
A census is therefore the most complete source of information that is available about the population at any given time.

Indeed, censuses have come to be described as the entire process of collecting, compiling, and publishing demographic, economic and social data as they relate to every person living in a country at a specified time.
The census provides vital information to government, quasi government organisations as well as the private sector and civil society, thus enabling them to plan and utilise resources more effectively.

 The first record of a Population and Housing Census conducted in St. Vincent and the Grenadines was in 1871.

At that time, the recorded population was 35,688.


The Statistical Office in the Central Planning Division conducted the last census in St. Vincent and the Grenadines during the period May-June 2001, with Census Day being on June 12th 2001.

In executing the 2001 Population and Housing Census, every effort was made to include everyone, and to ensure that the census was as accurate as possible.
However, no census exercise is entirely perfect and it can be concluded that some persons were missed while others refused to cooperate.

 It is also important to note that the total population of St. Vincent and the Grenadines as recorded in the visitation records by the enumerators prior to the actual questionnaire interviews was 109,022.

This total includes non-contacts and refusals, as well as those persons in institutions such as prisons and hospitals.
The follows, is based on the enumerated or tabulated population of analysis, which 106,253.

 -1- THE 2001 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS AT A GLANCE ♦ The population of St. Vincent and the Grenadines declined by 0.2 percent in 2001, compared with an increase of 8.8 percent between 1980 -1991.

 ♦ Density of population decreased marginally to 707 persons per square mile in 2002.

In 1991 the density of population was 709 persons per square mile.
♦ The population maintained roughly the same ratio of people on the mainland (91.9 percent) to the Grenadines (8.1 percent).

♦ Although declining from the 1991 Census, the population is a young one with children (under 15) comprising 30.

7 percent of the population.

The comparative figure for 1991 was 37.2 percent.

 ♦ The population 65 and over increased from 6,916 in 1991 to 7,735 in 2001.
♦ Five point four (5.4%) percent of the population have attained tertiary level training.

 ♦ There were 30,518 households in 2001 compared with 27,002 households in 1991.

 ♦ The size of the Labour Force increased to 43,528 in 2001, moving from 41,682 in 1991.

 ♦ The unemployment rate increased by 1.3 percentage points to 21.1 percent in 2001.

-2- CHAPTER ONE: POPULATION SIZE, GROWTH, AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS 1.
POPULATION SIZE AND GROWTH The 2001 tabulated population (hereinafter referred to as the population), was 106,253.

This represented a decline of 0.2 percent during the intercensal period.

 The decline in the total population as observed from the 2001 Census results may be explained by natural population increase, that is births minus deaths during the intercensal period, plus net migration.
Estimated net migration for the 1991 to 2001 period was -18,148, approximately 22 percent more than the intercensal period 1980 to 1991 when it was -14,889.

 Some indication as to the level of migration may be assessed by an examination in the 10 – 14, 15 – 19, and 20 – 24 age groups, which accounted for 12.9, 11.5 and 9.1 percentage of the population respectively in the 1991 Census.
However, the corresponding percentages of the population in these age groups in the 2001 Census were 10.5 percent, 10.6 percent and 9.1 percent respectively.

Since the net change in the birth rate is positive, the implication is that these age group categories would have suffered significantly from migration.
-3- TABLE 1.1 POPULATION SIZE AND GROWTH 1871 - 2001 Date of Census Male Female Total Sex Ratio Average Annual Increase 1871 16,865 18,823 1881 19,047 21,501 1891 18,780 22,274 02-Apr 1911 18,345 23,532 24-Apr 1921 19,155 25,292 26-Apr 1931 21,208 26,753 09-Apr 1946 27,901 33,746 07-Apr 1960 37,561 42,387 07-Apr 1970 41,150 45,794 12-May 1980 47,409 50,436 12-May 1991 53,165 53,334 12-Jun 2001 53,626 52,627 35,688 40,548 41,054 41,877 44,447 47,961 61,647 79,948 86,944 97,845 106,499 106,253 0.90 0.89 0.84 0.78 0.76 0.79 0.83 0.89 0.90 0.94 1.00 1.02 Source: Population and Housing Census 2001 POPULATION BY CENSUS DIVISION 486 51 82 257 351 1,369 1,830 700 1,090 787 -25 2.
The 0.2 percent decrease in the population during the intercensal period was not evenly spread across the country.

Indeed, eight of the thirteen census divisions showed decreases while the remaining five registered increases.

 The largest increase (1,751 or 16.3 percent) was in the Census Division, Suburbs of Kingstown.

However, this increase was lower than the 25 percent increase that was recorded in the 1991 Census.
The second largest increase (13.1 percent) recorded was in the Southern Grenadines.

This compared favourably with the 13.9 percent increase recorded in 1991.

The percentage increase in the southern Grenadines is consistent with the growth in the level of economic activity in the Southern Grenadines and the natural pull of the population seeking employment in the Tourism and Construction sectors in that part of the country.
-4- The largest Census Division, Calliaqua, with a population of 22,095 saw an increase of 8.9 percent during the intercensal period.

This increase was substantially less than the 16.3 percent increase that was recorded in 1991.

 The Census Division, Kingstown, recorded the largest decrease in population of 14.6 percent compared with 6.4 percent decline in 1991.
The decline in the population in Kingstown may be as a result of the expansion of residential areas outside of the capital, and to some extent the expansion of commercial activity in Kingstown, which turned hitherto residential properties into commercial buildings.

 The Census Division of Bridgetown also registered a decline of 10.3 percent, compared to an increase of 11.4 percent in 1991.
Other Census Divisions that showed decreases over the intercensal period were Marriaqua (8.1 percent), Georgetown (5.3 percent), Colonarie (5.2 percent), Sandy Bay (2.8 percent), and the Northern Grenadines (2.3 percent).

In the case of Marriaqua, Bridgetown and Georgetown, the declines were consistent with the fall in agricultural production during the intercensal period and a shift in the population closer to areas of relatively higher economic activity.
External migration may have also played a part accounting for the decrease in these census divisions.

 The distribution of the population between mainland St. Vincent and the Grenadines remained virtually unchanged over the last twenty years.

In 1980, 92.6 percent of the population resided on mainland St. Vincent and in 1991 the figure was virtually unchanged, 92.1 percent.

However, in 2001, the mainland accounted for 91.9 percent of the population, registering a slight decrease.
-5- TABLE 1.2 POPULATION AND PERCENTAGE CHANGE BY CENSUS DIVISION – 1980, 1991 AND 2001 CENSUS DIVISION POPULATION % Change 1980 1991 2001 1980 - 1991 1991 – 2001 Kingstown 16,532 15,466 13,212 -6.4 -14.6 Kingstown Suburbs 8,609 10,757 12,508 25 16.3 Calliaqua Marriaqua 17,440 20,290 22,095 16.3 8,408 8,864 8,145 5.4 8.9 -8.1 Bridgetown 6,762 7,532 6,754 11.4 -10.3 Colonarie 7,210 7,890 7,482 9.4 Georgetown 6,494 7,303 6,914 12.5 Sandy Bay 2,867 2,793 2,716 Layou 5,510 5,993 6,303 -2.6 8.8 Barrouallie 4,667 5,199 5,422 11.4 Chateaubelair 6,101 6,045 6,087 Total Mainland 90,600 98,132 97,638 Northern Grenadines 4,740 5,514 5,389 Southern Grenadines 2,505 2,853 3,226 -0.9 8.3 16.3 13.9 -5.2 -5.3 -2.8 5.2 4.3 0.7 -0.5 -2.3 13.1 Total Grenadines 7,245 8,367 8,615 15.5 3 TOTAL 97,845 106,499 106,253 8.8 -0.2 Source: Population Housing and Census 1980, 1991 and 2001 -6- TABLE 1.3 PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY CENSUS DIVISION – 1980, 1991 AND 2001 CENSUS DIVISION Kingstown Kingstown Suburbs Calliaqua Marriaqua Bridgetown Colonarie Georgetown Sandy Bay Layou Barrouallie Chateaubelair Total Mainland Northern Grenadines Southern Grenadines Total Grenadines TOTAL 100 100 100 Source: Population and Housing Census 2001 POPULATION DENSITY 3.
The population density is the average number of persons per square mile.

St. Vincent and the Grenadines has a total landmass of 150.3 square miles.

Taking into account the 0.2 percent reduction in the size of the population, the population density decreased to 707 in 2001 from 709 in 1991.

 Although the population density declined, the density levels across census divisions varied significantly, from a high of 6,954 in Kingstown to a low of 197 in Chateaubelair.
While the population density in Kingstown was lower than the 8,140 recorded in 1991, the present density is almost ten times the national average.

This -7- high population density in Kingstown, although showing declining trends over the last 20 years, continues to put severe pressure on social and other services within the country’s capital.
Consistent with the increase in the population in the Census Divisions of Suburbs of Kingstown and Calliaqua, the population density in these areas increased by 16.2 percent and 8.9 percent respectively.

The Marriaqua and Bridgetown Census Divisions, though lower than shown in the 1991 Census, were still above the national average at 866 and 938 respectively.

 TABLE 1.4 DENSITY OF POPULATION - 1980, 1991 AND 2001 CENSUS DIVISION Area Sq.
Miles POPULATION DENSITY 1980 1991 2001 1980 1991 2001 Kingstown Kingstown Suburbs Calliaqua Mariaqua Bridgetown Colonaire Georgetown Sandy Bay Layou Barrouallie Chateaubelair Total Mainland Northern Grenadines Southern Grenadines Total Grenadines TOTAL SVG 150.3 97,845 106,499 106,253 651 709 707 Source : Population and Housing Census 1980, 1991 and 2001 -8- POPULATION BY AGE GROUP 4.
In the 2001 Population and Housing Census, the total population was recorded at 106,253.

Of this total, 30.7 percent were under fifteen years compared with 37.2 percent in 1991.

The 15 - 29 age group represented 27.8 percent of the population in 2001 compared with 29.5 percent in 1991.

Meanwhile, the broad age group of 30-44 increased, from 16.1 to 21.1 percent, while the broad age group 45-64 moved from 10.7 percent to 13.2 percent.
The 65 and over category represented 7.3 percent of the total population in 2001, compared to 6.5 percent in 2001, an increase of 11.8 percent.

 FIG 1.
FIG 1.

POPULATION BY AGE GROUP AND SEX 2001 P U O R G E G A 85+ 80-84 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 0-4 Males Females 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 Population (Thousands) -9- The population of St. Vincent and the Grenadines can still be described as youthful despite the fact that there are some declines in the numbers.
The number of persons in the 15 – 29 age group, traditionally defined as youth, was 29,523 or 27.8 percent, compared with 31,421 or 29.5 percent in 1991.

 This decline in the number of persons in the under fifteen category has impacted positively on the dependency ratio, which improved from 0.8 in 1991 to 0.6 in 2001.
The dependency ratio is the number of persons per hundred in the under fifteen category, plus the population 65 years and over as a proportion of those who are between the age of 15 and 64.

In 2001, the dependency ratio moved from 0.77 in 1991 to 0.61 in 2001.

This result is consistent with the decrease in birth rate.

SEX RATIO 5.

 In the 1991 Census, for every 100 females there were 100 males.
This was somewhat of a reversal from previous trends whereby the female population slightly outnumbered the male population.

However, in the 2001 Census, the data indicate that for every 100 females there are 102 males.

The examination of the birth records show that more males were born during the intercensal period.
-10- TABLE 1.5 PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY AGE GROUP AND SEX 1991 AND 2001 Age Group 0 - 4 5 - 9 10 - 14 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49 50 - 54 55 - 59 60 - 64 65 - 69 70 - 74 75 - 79 80+ Not Stated 1991 2001 Male Female Total Male Female Total Source: Population and Housing Census 1991 and 2001 -11- TABLE 1.6 POPULATION BY AGE GROUP AND SEX 1991 AND 2001 1991 2001 % change Age Group Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total 0 - 4 5 - 9 10 - 14 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49 50 - 54 55 - 59 60 - 64 65 - 69 70 - 74 75 - 79 80+ Not Stated 2,314
-17 -17 -19 -8 0 -10 2 55 66 52 34 12 7 21 9 14 29 -100 -18 -17 -19 -7 0 -10 -2 42 65 43 18 1 5 -4 3 19 24 -100 -18 -17 -19 -8 0 -10 0 48 66 48 26 6 6 6 5 17 26 -100 TOTAL 53,165 53,334 106,499 53,626 52,627 106,253 1 -1 0 Source: Population and Housing Census 1991 and 2001 Age Group TABLE 1.7 POPULATION BY BROAD AGE GROUP AND SEX 1991 AND 2001
 1991 2001 % change Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Under 15 20,061 15,973 15 - 29 8,745 30 - 44 5,487 45 - 64 2,887 65+ 12 Not stated -0.2 -0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 -1 Total 53,165 53,334 106,499 53,626 Source: Population and Housing Census 1991 and 2001 52,627 106,253 0.9 -0.2 -0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 -1 -0.2 -0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 -1 -1.3 -0.2 -12- TABLE 1.8 PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY BROAD AGE GROUP AND SEX 1991 AND 2001 Age Group 1991 2001 Male Female Total Male Female Total Under 15 15 - 29 30 - 44 45 - 64 65+ Not stated 37.7 30 16.4 10.3 5.4 0 36.7 29 15.8 11 7.6 0 Total Source: Population And Housing Census 2001 6.
POPULATION BY RELIGION The observations from 2001 Census results compared with the 1991 Census indicate a decline in the numbers attending the ‘older’ established denominations compared with the 'newer', denominational groupings.

In 1991, the number of persons who called themselves Anglicans was 29,525, a 27.4 percent decline on the amount reported in 1980.

In the 2001 Census, the numbers in this denomination fell further by 36.1 percent to 18,864 compared with the 1991 amount.
The Methodists and the Roman Catholics registered decline in their numbers in the 2001 Census compared with the 1991, and 1980 Censuses.

The Methodists now account for 10.9 percent of the population (down from 15.2 percent in 1991).

In absolute numbers, the number of Methodists fell from 16,205 in 1991 to 11,540 in 2001, a decline of 28.8 percent.

 The Roman Catholic Church is the third denominational grouping that registered a decline in their population in 2001 compared with 1991.
The number of persons who -13- declared themselves as Roman Catholics in 2001 was 7,938, a decline of 21.2 percent when compared with 10,073 in 1991.

The population appears to be more evenly distributed along denominational lines.

Whereas the Anglicans, Methodists and Roman Catholics as a group, declined from 74 percent in 1980 to 52.4 percent of the population in 1991, in 2001 they accounted for only 36.1 percent.
Pentecostals (17.6 percent), Seventh Day Adventists (10.2 percent) and Spiritual Baptists (9.9 percent), now account for 37.8 percent of the population as compared to 28.4 percent in 1991.

 The age distribution of the population within the various religious denominations showed that affiliation is highly concentrated among the younger age groupings (0 - 29) for the “newer” denominations as against the older age groupings (50 and over) for the "older" established denominations.
The Pentecostals have the largest following (27.5 percent) in the youngest age group, 0 – 14.

The Anglicans, and the Seventh Day Adventists with 15.3 percent and 14.3 percent respectively represent the next significant groupings of this broad age group.

For the age group 15 – 29, the Pentecostals accounted for 27.8 percent, the Anglicans 21.8 percent and the Seventh Day Adventists 13.1 percent.
In the 30 - 44 age group, 23.7 percent of the affiliates belong to the Anglicans, 18.5 percent to the Pentecostals and 12.9 percent to the Methodists.

The Anglican following in the 45 - 64 broad age group was 26.2 percent and 28.6 percent in the 65 and over age group.

The Methodists with 15.7 percent and 20.4 percent follow the Anglicans in these older age groups, 45 – 64 and 65 and over, respectively.
-14- TABLE 1.9 POPULATION BY RELIGION AND SEX 1991 AND 2001 Denomination 1991 2001 % Change Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Anglican Baptist (Spiritual) Brethren Church of God Jehovah's Witnesses Methodist Pentecostal Presbyterian/Congregational Roman Catholic Salvation Army Seventh Day Adventist Rastafarian Evangelical Other None Not Stated TOTAL 15,329 4,339 680 1,071 261 8,339 4,975 68 5,195 112 4,063 746 … 3,808 3,335 844 53,165 14,196 5,925 792 1,363 335 7,866 6,126 52 4,878 129 4,792 144 … 4,705 1,508 523 29,525 9,940 10,264 4,549 1,472 607 2,434 1,182 596 281 16,205 5,857 11,101 8,395 120 63 10,073 3,987 241 124 8,855 5,107 1,346 890 … 1,349 3,238 6,674 927 53,626 8,924 6,034 744 1,473 383 5,683 10,318 60 3,951 161 5,749 225 1,648 3,859 2,712 703 18,864 -35.2 10,583 4.8 1,351 -10.7 10.4 2,655 7.7 664 11,540 -29.8 68.7 18,713 -7.4 123 7,938 -23.3 285 10.7 10,856 25.7 80.4 1,571 2,997 … 7,097 -15 9,386 100.1 1,630 52,627 106,253 9.8 0.9 -37.1 1.8 -6.1 8.1 14.3 -27.8 68.4 15.4 -19 24.8 20 56.3 … -18 79.8 34.4 -1.3 -36.1 3.1 -8.2 9.1 11.4 -28.8 68.6 2.5 -21.2 18.3 22.6 76.5 … -16.6 93.8 19.2 -0.2 8,513 4,843 1,367 53,334 106,499 Source: Housing and Population Census 2001 TABLE 1.10 PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY RELIGION AND SEX 1991 AND 2001 Denomination 1991 2001 Male Female Total Male Female Total Anglican Baptist (Spiritual) Brethren Church of God Jehovah's Witnesses Methodist Pentecostal Presbyterian/Congregational Roman Catholic Salvation Army Seventh Day
 Adventist Rastafarian Evangelical Other None Not Stated TOTAL 28.83 8.16 1.28 2.01 0.49 15.69 9.36 0.13 9.77 0.21 7.64 1.4 … 7.16 6.27 1.59 100 26.62 11.11 1.48 2.56 0.63 14.75 11.49 0.1 9.15 0.24 8.98 0.27 … 8.82 2.83 0.98 100 27.72 9.64 1.38 2.29 0.56 15.22 10.42 0.11 9.46 0.23 8.31 0.84 … Source: Housing and Population Census 2001 -15- 7.
POPULATION BY ETHNIC GROUPS The ethnic composition of the population of St. Vincent and the Grenadines comprises mainly of the group "African/Negro/Black".

This group represents 72.8 percent (77,390 persons) compared with 77.1 percent (82,075 persons) in 1991.

The second largest ethnic group was the “Mixed” which registered an increase.

Twenty (20.0) percent of the population (21,303 persons) belonged to this group as against 16.4 percent (17,501 persons) in 1991.
The ethnic group “Carib” also increased to 3,818 persons (3.6 percent of the population), moving from 3,347 persons (3.1 percent) in 1991.

In 2001, the "East Indian" and "White" populations registered marginal decreases continuing the trend observed in the 1991 Census.

The "Portuguese" ethnic group increased by 19 percent during the intercensal period.
The population distribution among the broad age groups for the African/Negro/ Black ethnic group was as follows: 0 – 14 age group (30.2 percent), 15 – 29 age group (28.2 percent), 30 – 44 age group (21.6 percent) 45 – 64 age group (12.9 percent) and 65 and over (7.1 percent).

 Within the census divisions the African/ Negro/Black population was fairly evenly distributed with the exception of Sandy Bay, where only 12.6 percent of that ethnic group was represented.
Caribs were the dominant ethnic group in the Sandy Bay Census Division, providing 58.5 percent of the population in that census division.

The Carib population was also well represented in the Georgetown Census Division with 11.6 percent.

 Other interesting aspects of the data include the fact that 88.4 percent of the Syrian/Lebanese population resided in the Kingstown Census Division.
The majority of the "East Indian" population was located in the combined Census Divisions of Calliaqua and Marriaqua.

In the Census Division of Calliaqua, 33.6 -16- percent of the Chinese, 30.6 percent of the Portuguese and 42.4 percent of Whites were residents.
POPULATION BY ETHNIC GROUP AND SEX 1991 AND 2001 TABLE 1.11 Ethnic Group Male 1991 Female Total Male 2001 Female Total Male % Change Female Total African/Negro/Black Carib East Indian Chinese Portuguese Syrian/Lebanese White/Caucasion Mixed Other Not Stated All Groups Source: Housing And Population Census 2001 39,831 1,903 709 20 295 37 432 10,081 50 268 53,626 37,559 1,915 727 18 313 32 438 11,222 46 357 511 9,258 64 210 -4.2 20.2 0.4 -7.3 8.6 -5.7 -5.7 14.1 -2.8 17.5 20.4 19 -8.3 22.3 -34.2 4.7 0.9 -14.3 21.2 -28.1 70 -1.3 -11.4 21.7 -31.4 34.1 -0.2 TABLE 1.12 PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY ETHNIC GROUP AND SEX 1991 AND 2001 Ethnic Group Male 1991 Female Total Male 2001 Female Total African/Negro/Black Carib East Indian Chinese Portuguese Syrian/Lebanese W hite/Caucasion Mixed Other Not Stated All Groups Source: Housing and Population Census 2001 -17- 8.
POPULATION BY PLACE OF BIRTH AND PLACE OF RESIDENCE The 2001 Census revealed that 101,688 persons or 95.7 percent of the population was born in St. Vincent and the Grenadines.

The comparative percentage of the population born in the country according to the 1991 census results was 96 percent.

At the same time 4.3 percent of the population were born abroad compared with the 4 percent in 1991.

The majority (59.3 percent) of those born abroad resided in the urban areas of Kingstown and its environs.
POPULATION BY PLACE OF RESIDENCE, PLACE OF BIRTH AND SEX 2001 TABLE 1.13 Male Place of Birth Female Total Place of Residence In this Country Abroad Not Stated In this Total Country Abroad Not Stated In this Total Country Abroad Not Stated Kingstown Suburbs Calliaqua Marriaqua Bridgetown Colonarie Georgetown Sandy Bay Layou Barrouallie Chateaubelair N. Grenadines S. Grenadines Total Source: Housing and Population Census Total 13,212 12,508 22,095 8,145 6,754 7,482 6,914 2,716 6,303 5,422 6,087 5,389 3,226 106,253 9.
LOCALLY BORN POPULATION BY PLACE OF BIRTH AND RESIDENCE Internal migration is important to the social and economic well being of some members of the population.

People migrate internally for a variety of reasons.

Internal migration also has implications for the development of the areas affected by internal migration.

Table 1.13 provides information regarding the movement of the locally born population.
-18- Of the 101,688 persons who were born locally, 77.5 percent resided in the census division in which they were born.

This figure was slightly lower than the 81 percent recorded in 1991.

The census divisions with the highest retention rates were Sandy Bay with 90.7 percent.

(64.6 percent in 1991), Chateaubelair with 87.7 percent, as against 68.7 percent in 1991 and Colonarie with 87.1 percent compared with 83 percent in 1991.
The lowest retention rates were evident in the census divisions of Southern Grenadines with 68.5 percent.

In 1991 the figure was higher at 82.6 percent; Suburbs of Kingstown with 66.8 percent as against 86 percent in 1991 and Kingstown with 69.2 percent compared with 74.5 percent in 1991.

The data also show that a higher percentage of the locally born population who had moved away from Kingstown now reside in the Census Divisions of Kingstown Suburbs, Calliaqua and Chateaubelair.
The remainder of the loss in the Kingstown Census Division is evenly distributed among the other census divisions.

Comparatively, the data indicate that 1,532 persons or 12.7 percent of persons born in Kingstown Suburbs resided in Kingstown while 1,773 or 8.7 percent of those born in the Calliaqua Census Division also resided in Kingstown.
For the three largest census divisions: Kingstown, Kingstown Suburbs and Calliaqua, more females rather than males have migrated from their place of birth to the other Census Divisions.

In the Kingstown Census Division, 58 percent of persons who have migrated internally, 53 percent from the Kingstown Suburbs and 54 percent from the Calliaqua Census Division were females.

No outstanding difference was observed between male and female in the remaining census divisions.
-19- TABLE 1.14 LOCAL BORN POPULATION BY PLACE OF BIRTH, PLACE OF RESIDENCE AND GENDER 2001 Place of Birth Kingstown Male Female Total Suburbs of Kingstown Male Female Total Calliaqua Male Female Total Marriaqua Male Female Total Bridgetown Male Female Total Colonarie Male Female Total Georgetown Male Female Total Sandy Bay Male Female Total Layou Male Female Total Barrouallie Male Female Total Chateaubelair Male Female Total Northern Grenadines Male Female Total Southern Grenadines Male Female Total 27
2,372
Male Female TOTAL Source: Housing and Population Census 2001 -20- L A T O T CHAPTER TWO: EDUCATION AND TRAINING 1.
OVERVIEW The importance of education in achieving the goals of development has long been established and recognized.

The education-factor is perhaps the most significant benchmark in gauging the overall improvement of any society and determining its future directions.

It is pivotal to sustainable economic growth; it creates the opportunity to escape from poverty and allows for the deepening of the processes of democracy and good governance.
In St. Vincent and the Grenadines, three main levels of education are generally recognized: these are primary, secondary and tertiary.

Primary education begins at age five and continues to age 11 when children enter the secondary education level based on their performance at the Common Entrance exams.

Children not gaining access to secondary education continue in the all-aged primary system until age 15.
After secondary education, the system caters to the tertiary level, through the Community College, the Technical College, the Teachers Training College and further to university level.

In addition to these three main levels, there has been a move by the Ministry of Education to increase the access to pre-school by increased support to early childhood education.
At the tertiary level, 528 persons were pursuing university level education, this amount, although higher than that for 1991, is consistent with the small percentage of the population that has attained tertiary level training.

At the secondary level, there was a five percent increase in the number of students enrolled, with 7,292 students, compared with 6,949 in 1991.

The numbers attending primary school registered a decline of 22.6 percent, moving from 24,305 in 1991 to 18,807 in 2001.
-21- EDUCATION AND DEMOGRAPHY 2.

 As was recorded earlier, the 2001 Census data indicate that there was a 0.2 percent decrease in the overall population from 106,499 persons in 1991 to 106,253 persons in 2001.

This small decrease in the overall population indicate the combination of natural population increase and net migration which was 22 percent higher than that for the 1991 census.
The small decline in the population was most noticeable in the 0 – 19 age groups where the percentages in each case, were smaller relative to the same age groups in the 1991 census.

Consistent with this observation, there was a general decline in the number of children of school age between 1991 and 2001.

The data in Table 2.1 show that in 2001, 32,621 persons or 30.7 percent of the total population were attending school or educational institutions compared to 34,580 in the 1991.
This represents a decrease of 5.7 percent.

This apparent change in the demographic picture has implications for the future development thrusts.

Although the population remains generally youthful, the 2001 Census has shown early signs of the narrowing of the base of the population pyramid as indicated by the decrease in the under 15 years age cohort.

In 1991, the under 15 population was 39, 626 persons whilst in 2001 there were 32,575 persons in the same age group.

3.
3.

POPULATION ATTENDING SCHOOL OR EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION 3.1 Pre-School/ Nursery The data in Table 2.3 show that over the last ten years, there has been a trend of increased access to early childhood education for the under 5 population.

Levels of enrolment in pre-primary schooling (nursery and pre-schools) increased during the intercensal period, increasing from 2,402 children enrolled in 1991 to 3,407 in 2001 or a 41.8 percent increase.
This represented an increase in enrolment for both sexes -22- resulting in a situation of near gender parity.

However, the number of males grew by 47.2 percent or a total of 1,746 while there was a 36.6 percent increase or a total of 1,661 in enrolment for females.
Table 2.3A shows that school attendance for full-time Pre-School children (2-4) vary from 1.2 percent for Sandy Bay, to 11.7 percent for Calliaqua, thus revealing large disparities in Pre-school education in the different census divisions.

The data also show that of the total 5,951 children in the 2 - 4 age group, 54.2 percent was attending Pre-School full time and 43.1 percent are not attending school.

The remaining were in Part- time Pre-School education.
The data also suggest that there is no consistent sex differential at the Pre-School level.

The proportion of males attending Pre- School was not always greater than the number of females, but fluctuated from area to area.

In fact, Calliaqua, which is the largest census division and where the sex differentials were greatest, had 9.9 percent of the males attending Pre-School (Full-time and Part-time) compared with 10.2 percent of the females.

 Fig.
Fig.

2 Population Attending School by Gender and Age Group 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 U nder 5 Y ears Male Female Total -23- 18 19 20 Y ears and O ver Primary Education 3.2 At the primary level the number of students who attended school stood at 18,807 in 2001 compared with 24,305 in 1991.

This accounted for a decline of 22.6 percent over the intercensal period and is evident in all of the census divisions.
The largest decrease in the population attending Primary School occurred in Kingstown, which fell from 3,114 in 1991 to 2,012 in 2001(-34.5 percent).

The suburbs of Kingstown had the smallest decline of only 1.7 percent.

 In terms of the levels of participation, Table 2.3 shows that there were notable declines for both males and females.

Female participation at the primary level fell from 11,810 in 1991 to 9,070 in 2001, whilst male participation fell from 12,495 in 1991 to 9,737 in 2001.
This accounted for a decrease of 23.2 percent and 22.1 percent for females and males respectively.

The data provided in Table 2.2 suggest that for 2001 there has been a decline in the number of students attending school or educational institution for most of the population below 14 years, compared with 1991.

At ages five (5), eleven (11) and eight (8) there were 2,543, 2,853 and 2,255 in 1991 respectively compared with 2,107, 2,356 and 2,921 in 2001.
The eight-year-old cohort showed the largest decline of 22.8 percent in 2001.

In St Vincent and the Grenadines the official age of entry to the primary cycle is 5 years.

Table 2.2 shows that for the age group 5- 9, 11,457 or 96.2 percent attended school.

Secondary Education 3.3 In the 2001 Census, the number of students attending secondary school increased by 5 percent to 7,292.
Contrary to the pattern of almost equal enrolment of males and females at the primary level, female enrolment at the secondary level was higher -24- than that of males.

Nevertheless, the figures in Table 2.3 indicate that male attendance increased to 3,084 in 2001 from 2,793 in 1991 whilst female attendance showed a marginal increase of 1.3 percent to 4,203 from 4,156.
The increase in male participation is significant since it indicates that the gap between male and female with respect to accessing secondary education is narrowing.

A more serious concern, however, is the continued high drop- out rate of males at the secondary level and the challenge to institute measures that will ensure that they remain longer in the education system.

 Table 2.2 shows that levels of attendance vary for all age groups.

In the10-14 age group there was 94.2 percent attendance.
This fell significantly to 47.2 for the age group 15- 19.

Table 2.4 also show that secondary level attendance varied across census divisions, with Calliaqua accounting for 21.8 percent of total secondary school enrolment, Kingstown 13.5 percent, Suburbs of Kingstown 11.0 percent, Marriaqua 8.5 percent.

 3.4 Special Education Table 2.3 revealed that in 2001 there were 106 students attending special education institutions, of which 59 were males and 47 females.
Using the widely accepted standard that at least 10 percent of the population has special needs requiring special education, and using the 19 and under broad age group to represent the school population, 10 percent will give us 4,096 persons.

It shows therefore, that the number of students presently accessing special education is extremely low.
3.5 Post Secondary Education In 2001 (see Table 2.3), there were 1,318 students enrolled in post- secondary education institutions, of which 480 were pursuing Advanced Level GCE at the Community College.

The remainder were enrolled in technical, vocational and professional studies.

The increase in the number of students pursuing Advanced -25- Level Studies was partly responsible for the growth in enrolment figures at University.
In 2001 there were 528 students of which 204 were males and 324 were females attending University compared with 57 in 1991.

 3.6 Professional, Technical And Vocational Education The number of persons attending Professional, Technical and Vocational schools doubled over the intercensal period (see Table 3.1).

In 1991 there were 451 students enrolled, compared with 838 in 2001, of which 316 were males and 522 were females.
The number of males increased by 62 percent whereas the number of females grew in excess of 100 percent.

The increase in the number of persons pursuing Technical and Vocational education is the result of initiatives to broaden the scope of technical vocational education and to develop a certified skilled labour force that will respond to the needs of the development process.
As shown in Table 2.4, attendance at the level of Professional, Technical and Vocational education varied across census divisions from 26 percent in Calliaqua, 19.6 percent in Kingstown, 10.5 percent in the Suburbs of Kingstown to 1.4 percent in the Southern Grenadines.
-26- TABLE 2.1 POPULATION 2 – 4 YRS ATTENDING SCHOOL BY GENDER AND CENSUS DIVISION Census Division Full Time Part Time Not Attending School Number % Number Kingstown Suburbs Calliaqua Marriaqua Bridgetown Colonarie Georgetown Sandy Bay Layou Barrouallie Chateaubelair N. Grenadines S. Grenadines TOTAL % 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.1 0 0 0.1 2.6 Number 272 360 475 177 184 167 147 69 182 161 178 113 78 2,563 % 4.6 6 8 3 3.1 2.8 2.5 1.2 3.1 2.7 3 1.9 1.3 43.1 Don't Know/ Not Stated % Number TOTAL Number % Source: Population and Housing Census 2001 ATTENDANCE AT SCHOOL BY AGE GROUP AND SEX 2001 TABLE 2.2 Male Female Both Sexes Age Group 0 - 4 5 - 9 10 - 14 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40+ Total Percent attending population in attending population in attending population in school age group age group age group Percent Percent school school Total Total Source: Population and Housing Census 2001 -27-
 TABLE 2.3 POPULATION ATTENDING SCHOOL OR EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION BY AGE AND SEX 1991 AND 2001 Age Group Under 5 years and over TOTAL 2001 1991 Number Number Male Female Male Female Total 1,113
Source: Housing and Population Census 2001 Total 2,442 2,543 2,660 2,802 2,921 2,705 2,725 2,853 2,577 2,401 2,614 1,665 1,160 921 697 382 512 34,580 % Change Male Female 43.71 48.19 -18.27 -15.99 -7.75 -8.83 -21 -19.02 -22.49 -23.13 -14.63 -17.44 -21.73 -15.82 -18.09 -16.76 -21.58 -19.03 -8.62 -12.51 -20.45 -24.73 0.85 5.63 15.34 37.76 22.02 41.62 21.27 13.54 8.81 10.97 210.32 108.23 -5.03 -6.33 Total 45.95 -17.15 -8.31 -20.02 -22.8 -16.04 -18.75 -17.42 -20.29 -10.54 -22.61 2.94 24.66 29.64 18.08 9.69 164.26 -5.67 -28- POPULATION ATTENDING SCHOOL OR EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION BY TYPE OF SCHOOL AND SEX 1991 AND 2001 TABLE 2.4 Type of School and Sex 1991 % 2001 % % Change Both Sexes Nursery/Infants/Kindergarten/Pre-school Special Education Primary Secondary A Level College Professional, Technical and Vocational School University Other Not stated Total Male Nursery/Infants/Kindergarten/Pre-school Special Education Primary Secondary A Level College Professional, Technical and Vocational School University Adult Education Other Not stated 2,402 … 24,305 6,949 … 451 57 414 3 34,581 1,186 … 12,495 2,793 … 195 30 … 184 6.9 … 70.3 20.1 … 1.3 0.2 1.2 0.0 100.0 7.0 … 74.0 16.5 … 1.2 0.2 … 1.1 0.0 3,407 106 18,807 7,292 480 838 528 0 934 32,621 1,746 59 9,737 3,084 169 316
 204 61 0 438 10.4 0.3 57.7 22.4 1.5 2.6 1.6 0.0 2.9 41.8 -22.6 4.9 85.8 826.3 -100.0 100.0 -5.7 11.0 0.4 61.6 19.5 1.1 2.0 1.3 0.4 0.0 2.8 47.2 -22.1 10.4 62.1 580.0 -100.0 Total 16,883 100.0 15,814 100.0 -6.3 Female Nursery/Infants/Kindergarten/Pre-school Special Education Primary Secondary A Level College Professional, Technical and Vocational School University Adult Education Other Not stated Total 1,216 … 11,810 4,156 … 256 27 … 230 3 17,698 6.9 … 66.7 23.5 … 1.4 0.2 … 1.3 0.0 1,661 47 9,070 4,208 311
 522 324 168 0 496 9.9 0.3 54.0 25.0 1.9 3.1 1.9 1.0 0.0 3.0 36.6 -23.2 1.3 103.9 1100.0 -100.0 100.0 16,807 100.0 -5.0 Source: Housing and Population Census 2001 -29- 4.
POPULATION ATTENDING SCHOOL BY CENSUS DIVISIONS Calliaqua, which is the largest census division, accounted for 21.02 percent of the population attending school or educational institution.

This may point to the need to increase capacity in educational institutions to meet the growth in the population attending school in this particular area.

The number of females enrolled exceed the number of males at all educational institutions except at the Primary level.
The Calliaqua Census Division also accounted for the largest numbers of persons accessing higher level tertiary educational, with 217 persons attending university.

Kingstown was second with 105 persons.

The information in Table 2.4 revealed that for the 2001 Census there were persons from each census division pursuing tertiary level education.

This is in contrast to the 1991 Census, which reported that there no one attended university from three census divisions.
TABLE 2.5 POPULATION ATTENDING SCHOOL BY GENDER AND CENSUS DIVISION 2001 Full Time Part Time TOTAL Male % Female % Total Male % Female % Total Male % Female % Census Division Kingstown Suburbs Calliaqua Marriaqua Bridgetown Colonarie Georgetown Sandy Bay Layou Barrouallie Chateaubelair N. Grenadines S. Grenadines TOTAL 15,479 100.0 16,162 100.0 31,641 335 100.0 Source: Population and Housing Census 2001 -30- 5.
POPULATION BY HIGHEST CERTIFICATE, DIPLOMA OR DEGREE EARNED Generally, there were increases in the total number of persons being certified at the various educational levels.

Moreover, the data in Table 2.5 revealed an upward trend in the attainment of tertiary level education.

However, the number of persons attaining a School Leaving Certificate remained relatively constant.

A total of 2,087 persons held a school-leaving certificate at the time of the 2001 Census compared with 2,232 in 1991.
The number of persons achieving Advanced Level GCE Certification in 2001 was more than double the 1991 figure.

Whilst in 1991, 260 persons had attained Advanced Level GCE qualifications, in 2001 the figure had risen to 1,055, comprising 634 females and 241 males.

At the Ordinary Level GCE/CXC, out of a total of 8,199 students possessing certificates, more than half were girls.
In terms of attainment at higher levels of certification, there has been an increase in the number of persons achieving higher degrees (masters) and professional level qualification.

In the 2001 Census 784 persons had attained bachelor's degrees, 248 possessed associate degrees, 156 persons achieved post graduate diplomas, 2,740 had attained a professional certificate, 335 persons had attained higher degree (masters) and 865 had received other diplomas.
With respect to attainment of higher levels of education, there were no significant differences in the number of females and males pursuing university education.
-31- TABLE 2.6 POPULATION BY HIGHEST CERTIFICATE , DIPLOMA OR DEGREE EARNED 2001 Highest Examination Passed Male Female Total Male Female Total Number Percentage 44,659 41,397 86,056 83.3 78.7 81.0 None School Leaving Cambridge School Certificate 946 41 1,141 2,087 70 111 GCE O’Levels or CXC 3,261 4,938 8,199 Under Graduate Diploma Other Diploma Associate Degree 172 447 119 170 418 129 Professional Certificate 1,121 1,619 GCE A Levels Higher School Certificate Diploma (Post-graduate) Higher Degree Bachelor’s Degree Other Not Stated Total Source: Population and Housing Census 2001 -32- POPULATION BY GENDER, AGE GROUP AND HIGHEST EXAM PASSED 2001 MALE TABLE 2.7 0 - 4 5 - 9 School Leaving Cambridge School Certificate GCE O'Levels or CXC High School Diploma or Certificate GCE A'Levels Under-Graduate Diploma Other Diploma Associate Degree Professional Certificate Bachelors Degree Post Graduate Diploma Higher Degree Other None Not Stated TOTAL - 4 5 - 9 School Leaving Cambridge School Certificate GCE O'Levels or CXC High School Diploma or Certificate GCE A'Levels Under-Graduate Diploma Other Diploma Associate Degree
 Professional Certificate Bachelors Degree Post Graduate Diploma Higher Degree Other None Not Stated TOTAL - 4 5 - 9 10 - 14 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - FEMALE 10 - 14 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 -
3 69 FEMALE 10 - 14 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - TOTAL School Leaving Cambridge School Certificate GCE O'Levels or CXC High School Diploma or Certificate GCE A'Levels Under-Graduate Diploma Other Diploma Associate Degree Professional Certificate Bachelors Degree Post Graduate Diploma Higher Degree Other None Not Stated TOTAL 0 0 54 1 38 2 4 2 12 14 3 2 1 6 6 145 Source: Population and Housing Census 2001 10 - 14 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 40+ 1 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 3 1 3 0 0 0 1 21 40+ 0 0 3 0 0 0 2 0 4 1 0 0 0 2 12 40+ 1 0 13 0 1 0 3 0 7 2 3 0 0 0 3 33 TOTAL 43 3 346 8 85 3 4 3 22 22 5 1 5 14,511 418 15,479 TOTAL 60 0 627 1 139 5 9 7 25 12 4 3 4 14,781 485 16,162 TOTAL 103 3 973 9 224 8 13 10 47 34 9 4 9 29,292 903 31,641 -33- CHAPTER THREE: ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS INTRODUCTION 1.
The Population and Housing Census still remains the principal source of data on the size and structure of the labour force and employment/unemployment rates in St. Vincent and the Grenadines.

Naturally demographic forces such as fertility, mortality and migration, along with other economic and social factors help to shape and mould the labour force.
Labour is a critical input in the production of goods and services, hence the importance of data on the specific characteristics of the labour force cannot be overstated.

The amount and type of labour available in a country at any particular time will have an impact on the productivity and growth of that economy.
This chapter describes the main activities engaged in by the population fifteen (15) years and over in terms of gender, age group, industry, occupation, employment status, union status and education level.

2.

METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES In the 2001 Population and Housing Census, data on the main type of activities engaged in by persons 15 years and over, were complied for two specific reference periods.
These are: (1) the 12-month period preceding enumeration and (2) the week prior to enumeration.

For an activity to be recorded as the main activity engaged in over both reference periods, it had to be that activity in which the individual was involved in the most, irrespective of the number of activities engaged in.

For example if a person was a student for seven (7) months and worked for five (5) months in the past year his/her main activity would have been recorded as “Attended School”.
-34- The analysis in this section is based on data from the tables, which used the “week” prior to the enumeration as the base period.

This was chosen as the reference source because firstly, it is more current and thus gives a more accurate picture of the activity status of the targeted population being enumerated and secondly, the figures in both tables followed a similar trend, thus the accuracy of analysis should not be compromised by the use of the data from this table.
The targeted population was divided into two main groups/categories base on their indication of their main activities; (1) Economically Active Population and (2) Economically Inactive Population.

 3.

 THE POPULATION FIFTEEN (15) YEARS AND OVER According to the data presented in Table 3.1A the population 15 years and over in 2001 stood at 73,678 persons.

This represented a 10.2 percent increase over the 1991 total of 66,873.
In terms of gender distribution, males accounted for (50.4percent) 37,109 of the population.

This was slightly higher than the females, which accounted for (49.6percent) 36,569 of the total.

This was in contrast to the 1991 results where the females accounted for (50.5percent) 33,769 and males (49.5percent) 33,104.

All of the Census Divisions experienced increases in population 15 years and over during the intercensal period, except for Kingstown, which recorded a 7 percent decline.
This decline was felt in both the male 5.4 percent and female 8.5 percent of the population.

The largest increase was in the Southern Grenadines (27.9percent) followed by Kingstown Suburbs 27.4percent then Calliaqua and Layou each with 18.3percent and Barrouallie 17.8percent.

 -35- In 1991 a similar pattern with respect to geographical distribution was observed.

Out of the thirteen (13) Census Divisions, Calliaqua recorded the highest number of persons (13,245 or 19.8percent) 15 years and above.
Kingstown and Kingstown Suburbs recorded the second and third highest 10,276 or 15.5 per cent and 6,523 or 9.8 per cent respectively.

 4.

ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION The economically active population commonly referred to as the labour force is the group that provides the supply of labour used in the production of goods and services.
It is comprised of the employed and the unemployed, defined as all those persons who indicated as their main activity that they 1) worked, 2) had a job but did not work, 3) looked for work or 4) wanted work and was available.

 4.1 Characteristics of the Labour Force According to Table 3.1A during the intercensal period 1991 to 2001, the labour force grew by 5 per cent to 43,779.
In terms of the geographical distribution of the labour force, Calliaqua with 9,502 or 21.7 per cent had the largest concentration, followed by Kingstown with 6,121 or 14 per cent, and Kingstown Suburbs with 5,341 or 12.2 per cent.

(See Table 3.1B).

Kingstown suffered a significant reduction of 12.4percent in the labour force population between 1991 and 2001.
In 1991 a similar pattern existed where the Census Division Calliaqua had the highest number (8,735 or 21percent) of the economically active population (labour force), Kingstown and Kingstown Suburbs followed this with 6,984 or 16.6 per cent and 4,057 or 9.1 per cent respectively.

-36- The largest increase in the labour force during the intercensal period occurred in the Census Division of Kingstown Suburbs, which grew by 31.6 percent to 5,341 from 4,057.
Following this was the Southern Grenadines with 30 percent (1,296 to 1,684), then Layou with 25.5 percent (1,984 to 2,484).

These Census Divisions were the major beneficiaries of the increased population 15 years and above.

 These intercensal changes in the geographical distribution of the labour force have mirrored internal migration trends of the population as a whole.
According to the data in Table 3.1C, in 2001 approximately 52 per cent of the labour force was found to be in the broad age groups 15-34 compared with 60 per cent of the labour force in 1991.

All the five-year bands within this group had significant reduction in labour force during the intercensal period while the other groups 35- 39,40-44, 45-49 and 50-54 had increases of 42 per cent, 64 percent , 50 per cent and 31 percent respectively in the labour force population.
4.2 Labour Force Participation Rates The labour force participation rate is the percentage of the population 15 years and over which is economically active.

For the inter-censal period 1991 to 2001 the labour force participation rate declined by 3 percent.

The data in Table 3.2A show that the labour force participation rate for 2001 was 59.4 percent, which was lower than the 62.3 percent recorded in the 1991 Census.
The male participation rate declined by 6.7 percent whereas that for females reduced marginally by 0.2 percent.

The data also reveal that males continued to be more economically active than the females.

This was reflected by an 86.3 percent rate in 1980 then 80.8 in 1991 and 74.1 in 2001.

On the other hand, the female participation rate increased from 41.2 per cent in 1980 to 44.3 per cent in 1991 to 44.5 per cent in 2001.
-37- With respect to the geographical distribution the labour force 2001 participation rate was highest in the Southern Grenadines (71.5percent).

The Census Divisions of Kingstown Suburbs, Kingstown, Northern Grenadines and Calliaqua had rates of 64.3, 64.1, 63.0, and 60.7 percent respectively.

This reflected a similar pattern observed in 1991.

The labour force participation rate according to age showed that the broad age group from 20-49 had rates above 70 percent in 2001.
Most of the age groups had participation rates above 70 percent except for the age groups 15-19 and over 50.

It is generally expected that the participation rate to be low in this group due to extended school attendance and retirement and old age.

Fig.
Fig.

3 Total Labour Force Participation Rate 1991 and 2001 e t a R n o i t p a i c i t r a P 90.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 2001 1991 6 5 + 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 5 - 1 0 - 2 5 - 2 0 - 3 5 - 3 0 - 4 5 - 4 0 - 5 5 - 5 0 - 6 9 4 9 4 9 4 9 4 9 4 Age Group -38- Employed Population 4.3 This group comprised those persons 15 years and over who indicated that during the week before enumeration they; 1) “Worked”.
A person is classified as having worked if he was involved in the production of goods and services for sale.

Usually this means that persons receive a wage, salary or some other form of compensation.

Trainees and apprentices whether paid or not, as well as, unpaid helpers and family workers on commercial farms and other enterprises are also included.

 2) “Had a job but did not work”.


This refers to persons who, although they had a job spent most of the time during reference period away from the job because of illness, injury, vacation or for some other cause.

Also included are persons on temporary layoff or because of industrial dispute.

 In 2001, the number of persons employed (see Table 3.1) increased by 3.2 percent to 34,521 from 33,444 in 1991.
There was an increase in the number of females who gained employment during the intercensal period, an increase of 13.8 percent from 11,641 to 13,247.

The number of males, however, declined by 2.4 percent from 21,803 in 1991 to 21,274 in 2001.

The overall employment rate, calculated as the employed as a percentage of the economically active population, was 78.9 percent lower than the 80.2 percent recorded in 1991.

The employment rate for males stood at 77.4 percent down from 81.6 rate in 1991.
In contrast, the female employment rate increased to 81.4 percent in 2001 from 77.9 percent in 1991.

See Table 3.1.

 -39- 4.4 Employment by Census Division The data in Table 3.1A show that in 2001, the Calliaqua Census Division had the highest number of persons (7,720 or 22.4percent) of the employed population.

This was followed by Kingstown (5,025 or 14.6percent) and Kingstown Suburbs (4,111 or 12percent).
Sandy Bay recorded the lowest employed by Census Division (1.9percent) and was also the lowest in 1991 with 2.2percent.

The Census Divisions of Marriaqua, Northern Grenadines, Colonarie and Bridgetown also employed 7.8 percent, 6.2 percent, 6.1 percent and 5.6 percent respectively of the total employed.
Four Census Divisions registered increases in employment during the intercensal period namely, Southern Grenadines (40percent), Kingstown Suburbs (35percent), Layou (13percent) and Calliaqua (11percent).

By contrast, the Census Divisions of Bridgetown, Colonarie, Kingstown and Chateaubelair had decreases of 15.9, 10.4,9.5 and 4.0 respectively.
4.5 Employment by Main Industry Industry refers to the kind of activity, business, or service that is carried out at the establishment or place where the person worked during the reference period.
The data in Table 3.4A show that in 2001 41.6 percent of the total employed population worked in the Agriculture, Construction and Wholesale industries compared with 49.1 percent in 1991.

This was due to the 37 percent decline in employment in the Agricultural industry, although there was positive growth in the Construction and Wholesale and Retail Trade sectors.

The industries which experienced significant decline in employment were Fishing (-22.0 percent) and Manufacturing (-13.0 percent).
Economic expansion during the intercensal period occurred mainly in Hotels and Restaurants (76percent); Other Community, Social and Personal Activities -40- (62percent); Financial Intermediation (52percent); Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities (24percent); Transport, Storage and Communications; and Wholesale and Retail Trade (13percent).

These industries combined accounted for 52 percent of the employed workforce a noticeable increase of 23 percent over 1991.
As can be seen from Table 3.4B the industries, Wholesale and Retail Trade; Hotels and Restaurants; Education; and Private Households with Employed Persons accounted for 7,218 or 54 percent of all employed females.

The Hotels and Restaurants industry attracted 10.2 percent of females, an increase of 3.3percent over 1991.

It was noted, however, that male employment in Agriculture declined significantly by more than 50 percent between 1991 and 2001.
Some males would have found alternative employment in Hotels and Restaurants where male employment grew by 88 percent during the intercensal period.

By contrast female employment in Agriculture declined by 6.4 percent during the intercensal period.

Meanwhile, employment in four industries (Agriculture, Construction, Wholesale and Retail Trade Transport, Storage and Communications) accounted for 58 percent of the total males employed.
4.6 Employment by Occupation Occupation refers to the kind of work done during the reference period by the person employed, irrespective of the industry or the status of employment of the person.

As shown in Table 3.5A, in 2001 “Elementary Occupation” contributed the largest number employed (7085 or 21percent) as a single occupational group.

This group is comprised of sales and services, agriculture, fishery and related labourers in construction, manufacturing and transport.
These occupations mainly require -41- unskilled workers and are low paid jobs.

Although all age groups can be found in this occupational type it had attracted mainly the age groups 20-24,30-34,35-39,40-44.

The second largest category was “Service Workers and Shop and Market Sales Workers,” followed by “Craft and Related Trades Workers” and ”Skilled Agricultural and Fishery Workers.” These four groups accounted for 59.9 percent or 20,688 of all employed workers.
In 1991 they contributed 68.5 percent or 22,900 of all employed workers.

 The Professionals; Legislator, Senior Officials and Managers; Service Workers and Shop and Market Sales Workers; and Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers categories, experienced significant increases during the intercensal period.

In fact, there was over 200 percent increase in employment in the professional category, from 1,021 in 1991 to 3,446 in 2001.
Both male and female had noticeable increases in this occupation especially the females where there was an increase from 353 in 1991 to 1,873 in 2001.

This was at the expense of the Craft and Related Trade; Skilled Agriculture and Fishery Workers; and Elementary Occupations.

 Four occupational groups sustained gains between 1991 and 2001 in the proportion of workers of both sexes between 1991 and 2001.
These were: Legislator, Senior Official and Managers; Professionals; Service Workers and Shop and Market Sales Workers; and Plant Machine Operators and Assemblers.

The number of males employed in the categories Technicians and Associated Professionals; Skilled Agriculture and Fishery Workers; and Elementary Occupations; declined.

By comparison male employment increased in the categories Professionals (135 percent), Service Workers (39.4 percent) and Machine Operators (15 percent).
In the case of females, the categories Elementary Occupations; Technicians and Associated Professionals; and Craft and Related Trades Workers; showed substantial decreases.

The largest number of females was found in the Elementary Occupational -42- group (2960 or 22percent).

In 1991 Elementary Occupations also contributed the largest, 9259 or 28percent to employment as a single occupational group of the total employed population.
4.7 Employment Type of Worker This category represents the status of an economically active person with respect to his employment during the reference period.

As shown in Table 3.6, the category “Paid Employee-Private” attracted 54.4 percent attracted 54.4percent of the employed labour force in 2001, followed by “Paid Employees by Government” (19 percent), and “Own Business without Paid Employee” (14.6percent).
The category Paid Employee- Private accounted for 11,722 or 34percent of males employed.

The number of females employed in this category were 7,121 or 20.6percent of total female employment.

A similar trend had existed in 1991 where 53.3 percent of all employment was in private organizations.
During the intercensal period the “Unpaid Family Worker” category showed the largest decline of 22percent, followed by Own Business without Paid Employee (16percent) and Paid Employee by Government (5percent).

The only category for which there was an increase was Paid Employee-Private.

 The main occupation for males in the Paid Employee- Private category for was in Craft and Related Trades (27.9percent), followed by Elementary Occupation with 24.3percent.
Another 24.0 percent were in the combined categories “Service Workers & Shop & Market Sales Workers.” and “Plant & Machine Operators & Assemblers.” On the other hand the main occupation for females in Private Organizations was Service Workers & Shop & Market Sales Workers (27.7percent), followed by Elementary Occupation (24.4percent) and Clerks 23.9percent.
-43- As shown in Table 3.7, 55 percent of the total hours worked was in Private Organizations followed by Government Paid Employees, and Owners of business without paid employee, contributing 19 percent and 14.7 percent respectively.

The employed population by number of hours worked and gender indicated that most of the employed population worked between 40 and 49 hours per week.

The proportion of males and females was rather even.
Moreover, more males than females worked longer than 49 hours a week.

 4.8 Employment by Level of Education There is a high correlation between educational level and employment.

The higher the educational level an individual attains the most likely it is to find employment.

In 2001, 55.6 percent of workers employed had only attained Primary Education compared with 69.1 percent in 1991.
This was followed by the employed having attained secondary education which was up from 23.8 percent in 1991 to 27.3 percent in 2001.

The males have contributed more to this growth than females.

They increased by 21.9percent while the females increased by 18.3 percent.

 In 1991 the greater percentage of persons employed attaining primary education was males with 71.7percent.
In 2001 although there was a numerical decline of males, they still remained the higher (70.7percent) in primary educational attainment.

The number of females employed with just primary education declined during the intercensal period by 17 percent while that for male decline by 18.1percent.

 The Pre-University, University and Post Graduate category also grew by 3.5 percent during the intercensal period to 15.1percent in 2001.
The data in Table 3.8 showed that in 1991 more employed males (1,092) achieved this level of education than females (941).

However, in 2001 there was a reverse, more females (2659) achieved university education than males (2,442).

In other words, the proportion of females -44- achieving this level increased by 193percent while the males increased by 123percent.
4.9 Employment by Union Status The data in Table 3.9 show that in 2001 over 36percent (12,541) of all employees were in the category “Not in a Union.” Of this total 62 percent (7,775) were males.

In addition, 24.8 percent (1,934) of employed males not in a Union were in the age group 20-24.

The females not in a Union accounted for 4,766 or 36percent of all employed females and the majority (1,036) or 21 percent was also in the age group 20-24.
A total of 9,801 (28.4 percent) of the employed population were legally married.

The employed in a Common-law Union accounted for 17.7 percent (6,099) of the working population.

There 4,110 or 67 percent of the total employed males and 1,989 or 33 percent females in this category.

 5.
5.

UNEMPLOYMENT Unemployment is a measure of that part of the labour force which, during the reference period: 1) ‘Looked for work’ - These persons must have spent most of the time during the reference period actively looking for work.

This includes writing letters of applications as well as actually visiting work places or houses in search of employment, and -45- 2) “Wanted work and available” - Includes persons who are ready to work but who did not actively look for work.
The unemployment rate is calculated as the unemployed as a percentage of the labour force.

 According to the 2001 Census, the unemployment rate in St. Vincent and the Grenadines was 21.1 percent compared with 19.8 percent in 1991.

The number of unemployed persons increased from 8238 in 1991 to 9,258 in 2001.

This movement essentially reflected an increase in male unemployment.

In 2001 the unemployment rate was greater among males than females, (as was seen Table 3.1).
This was a reversal of the unemployment situation in the 1980 and 1991 Censuses where the rate was higher among females.

The rate of unemployment for males increased to 22.7 percent (6,229 persons) from 18.4 percent (4,931) in 1991, whilst for females the rate declined from 22.1 percent (3,307) in 1991 to 18.6 percent (3,029) in 2001.

5.1 Unemployment by Age It is important to disaggregate the unemployment figure in order to identify the age groups in the labour force that are economically vulnerable.
The data revealed that the unemployment rate for all age groups increased and this was particularly higher among the younger age cohorts.

The rate of unemployment was also higher among males than females in every age group.

In 2001, the 15–29 age cohort comprised 12.7 percent of the unemployed compared with 14.2 percent in 1991.

Similarly it was observed that 9.6 percent of the unemployed was in the age group 15-24 compared with 10.9 percent in 1991.
-46- Youth unemployment was higher among males than females.

During the intercensal period the number of unemployed females declined by 22.3 percent, falling from 35.2 percent in 1991 to 31.1 percent in 2001.

The most significant declines (26.6 percent) were in the 15-19 age group with 35.2 percent, followed by the 25-29 group with 15.4 percent.

The number of unemployed males 15 – 29 increased by 6 percent, and the unemployment rate from 26.6 percent in 1991 to 33.8 percent in 2001.
Importantly, however, the number of unemployed males 15 –19 decreased by 14.4 percent although the unemployment rate for this group increased by 16.3 percent to 51.5 percent.

The increase in the rate despite the hike in the numbers can be explained by the 26.5 percent decrease in number of males in this cohort in the labour force.

 During the intercensal period, the highest increase in the unemployed (60.6 percent) was recorded for the age group 30 – 44.
The increase in the number of unemployed males (79.4 percent) was higher than for females (31.1 percent).

The overall rate of unemployment in the group 30 – 44 increased to 15.3 percent with female unemployment increasing by less than one percentage point to 12.7 percent, and males by 5 percentage points to 19.9 percent.
The data also show that the rates of unemployment for the working age population 45-59 and over 60 years were 11.8 percent and 8.4 percent respectively compared with 9.3 percent and 6.2 percent in 1991.

As the unemployment rate for these groups increase, there are implications for the provision of services for the aged.

5.2 Unemployment by Education Level It is acknowledged that there is negative correlation between educational attainment and unemployment.
The greater the level of education attained, the lower the likelihood of being unemployed.

The results of the 2001 Census substantiated this claim where 66.8 percent of the unemployed only attained primary education, 27.7 -47- percent obtained secondary education, while 3.2 percent had Pre-University and University level education.
The data in Table 3.10 show that although the persons with only primary education was the largest number of unemployed there was no significant increase in this category in 2001.

The data also indicated that the number of females unemployed with primary education declined by 26.9 percent while the number of males increased by 15.2 percent.

It is significant to note that the unemployed with secondary education as a percentage increased by 30.5 percent during the intercensal period.
This is attributable mainly to a 53.2 percent increase in the number of unemployed males with secondary education compared with 12.5 percent for females.

 The number of unemployed persons with Pre-university and University education also increased during the intercensal period.

In 1991 this grouped represented 0.8 percent of the unemployed compared with 3.2 percent in 2001.
5.3 Unemployment by Union Status The 2001 Census results revealed that 59.5 percent of the unemployed were persons Not in a Union, and these were primarily males.

This was followed by Visiting Partners (14.7percent), Common Law Unions (13percent), and Legally Married (9percent).
5.4 Unemployment by Census Division The results of the 2001 Census (see Table 3.12) revealed that the unemployment rates in eight of the thirteen Census Divisions were above the national rate of (21.1percent).

These were in Kingstown Suburbs, Bridgetown, Colonarie, -48- Georgetown, Sandy Bay, Layou, Barrouallie, and Chateaubelair.

The Census Divisions of Kingstown, Calliaqua, Marriaqua, the Northern Grenadines and the southern grenadines had rates below the national average.
The highest unemployment rate (29 percent) was reported in the Census Division of Sandy Bay, where the rate has been increasing since 1980.

This was followed by Layou (28.9percent) and Chateaubelair (26.4percent).

In contrast the lowest rate of unemployment was recorded in the Southern Grenadines (13.2percent).

This rate represented significant improvement over the 19.4 percent and 19.9 recorded in 1991 and 1980 respectively.
In contrast, the rate of unemployment in the Northern Grenadines increased from 12.7 percent in 1991 to 17.1 in 2001.

 The Census Divisions with the largest increases in unemployment rates were Bridgetown (46.3 percent), Colonarie (55.8 percent), Sandy Bay (35.5 percent) and Layou (35.7 percent).
While in 1991 the more urban Census Divisions of Kingstown, Calliaqua and Kingstown Suburbs were included among those with the highest unemployment rates, in 2001 these were among the Census Divisions with the lowest rates of unemployment.

In Kingstown the rate fell from 20.5 percent to 17.9 percent; Kingstown Suburbs from 25.2 percent to 23 percent; and Calliaqua from 20.4 to 18.8 percent.
During the intercensal period, the highest female unemployment rates were recorded in Layou (32percent), followed by Barrouallie (28.4percent), Chateaubelair (26.3percent), Colonarie (25.1percent), and Kingstown Suburbs (22.7percent).

At the same time, the Census Divisions with the highest rate of male unemployment were Sandy Bay (32.3 percent), Layou (27.2 percent), Georgetown (27 percent), Chateaubelair (26.4 percent) and Colonarie (26 percent).
The unemployment rate for males increased in every Census Division except the Southern Grenadines where the rate decreased by 4 percentage points.

-49- 6.
-49- 6.

ECONOMICALLY INACTIVE This group is defined as person 15 years and over who were neither employed nor unemployed during the reference period because they were: 1) 2) 3) 4) Engaged in household duties Attending school Retired Disabled or unable to work During the intercensal period the economically inactive population increased by 17.5 percent to 29,111 persons.

In 2001 this group accounted for 39 per cent of the population 15 years and over compared with 37.0 per cent in the 1991.
The Census results revealed that females accounted for 68.9 percent of the total inactive population and males 31.1 percent.

 Most of the economically inactive were engaged in Home Duties (53.7 percent), while 20.9 percent Attended School, 19 percent were Retired and 6.4 percent were Disabled or Unable to Work.

The number of persons engaged in “Home Duties” declined by 2.6 percent, and this was mainly on account of the 4.6 percent fall in the number of females in this group.
It was noteworthy however, that the number of males engaged in Home Duties increased by 59 percent and 43.9 percent of the males in this category were between 15 – 29 years.

 What is also significant is that the number of Retired persons who were economically inactive increased by 101.7 percent.

The number the economically inactive population who Attended School increased by 24.3 percent to 5,999, out of which 5,380 or 89.7 percent were between 15 –19 years.
-50- ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION BY CURRENT ACTIVITY STATUS, GENDER AND CENSUS DIVISION DURING THE WEEK BEFORE CENSUS 1991 AND 2001 TABLE 3.1 A Census Division Both Sexes Kingstown Suburbs of Kingstown Calliaqua Marriaqua Bridgetown Colonarie Georgetown Sandy Bay Layou Barrouallie Chateaubelair N. Grenadines S. Grenadines Total Male Kingstown Suburbs of Kingstown Calliaqua Marriaqua Bridgetown Colonarie Georgetown Sandy Bay Layou Barrouallie Chateaubelair N. Grenadines S. Grenadines Total Female Kingstown Suburbs of Kingstown Calliaqua Marriaqua Bridgetown Colonarie Georgetown Sandy Bay Layou Barrouallie Chateaubelair N. Grenadines S. Grenadines Total Population 15 years and above Employed Un-employed Total 1991 Economically Active Population 15 years and above Employed Un-employed Total 2001 Economically Active 1,984
Source: Population and Housing Census -51- TABLE 3.1B PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF CURRENTLY ACTIVE POPULATION BY GENDER AND CENSUS DIVISION DURING THE WEEK BEFORE CENSUS 1991 AND 2001 Employed 1991 Unemployed Total 9.21 9.57 9.93 9.08 11.78 13.31 9.73 Census Division Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total 14.36 20.81 16.60 15.78 19.75 16.76 14.69 16.03 15.37 Kingstown 9.01 Kingstown Sub.
9.75 19.46 23.30 20.80 20.40 23.40 20.96 19.71 19.90 19.81 Calliaqua 8.19 7.14 8.55 Marriaqua 6.88 5.26 7.65 Bridgetown 7.06 4.66 7.78 Colonarie 6.52 5.99 6.21 Georgetown 2.46 1.97 2.46 Sandy Bay 5.49 4.08 4.86 Layou 4.56 4.11 4.29 Barrouallie 5.28 5.05 5.07 Chateaubelair 5.88 2.54 7.17 N. Grenadines S. Grenadines 2.75 2.75 3.12 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Total 2001 Unemployed Employed Total Census Division Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total 12.70 17.54 14.56 11.30 12.94 13.98 12.39 13.55 12.96 Kingstown Kingstown Sub.
11.32 12.86 11.91 11.72 16.51 12.20 11.18 11.38 11.28 20.30 25.67 22.36 18.85 20.07 21.70 20.57 21.96 21.26 Calliaqua 7.53 6.80 7.78 Marriaqua 6.30 5.08 6.33 Bridgetown 6.92 6.67 7.06 Colonarie 6.25 4.52 5.83 Georgetown 2.55 1.25 2.20 Sandy Bay 5.90 9.31 5.49 Layou 4.87 6.14 4.94 Barrouallie 5.38 5.25 5.26 Chateaubelair 5.59 3.33 6.59 N. Grenadines 3.19 2.11 4.21 S. Grenadines Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Source: Population and Housing Census 2001 -52- TABLE 3.2 CURRENT EMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT AND PARTICIPATION RATES BY GENDER AND CENSUS DIVISION DURING THE WEEK BEFORE CENSUS 2001 AND 1991 Census Division Kingstown Kingstown Sub.
Calliaqua Marriaqua Bridgetown Georgetown Sandy Bay Layou Barrouallie Chateaubelair N. Grenadines S. Grenadines Total Census Division Kingstown Kingstown Sub.
Calliaqua Marriaqua Bridgetown Georgetown Sandy Bay Layou Barrouallie Chateaubelair N. Grenadines S. Grenadines Total Male 79.3 76.7 78.6 82.6 75.7 73.0 67.7 72.8 78.1 73.6 80.4 85.0 77.4 Male 80.1 77.2 80.8 85.7 86.6 80.9 80.4 78.6 79.6 77.9 86.9 81.0 81.6 Employed 2001 Unemployed Female Total Male Female Total Male 74.1 17.9 75.7 23.0 71.9 18.8 72.6 17.1 74.8 23.4 72.2 24.4 70.4 29.0 72.0 28.9 73.5 24.0 74.1 26.4 76.8 17.1 83.0 13.2 74.1 21.1 Labour Force Participation Rate Female 54.8 52.9 49.9 44.7 32.1 32.8 23.4 41.6 37.3 31.6 46.1 58.2 44.5 Total 64.1 64.3 60.7 58.6 53.9 53.0 47.9 57.2 55.7 53.6 63.0 71.5 59.4 14.4 22.7 15.2 16.5 21.2 18.5 18.1 32.0 28.4 26.3 11.9 10.1 18.6 Employed 1991 Unemployed Female Total Male Female Total Male 80.4 20.5 80.3 25.2 80.5 20.4 80.6 16.8 83.3 16.0 77.7 21.4 79.7 21.4 73.6 21.3 82.0 19.9 81.0 22.7 82.7 12.7 85.9 19.4 Labour Force Participation Rate Female 56.8 45.1 51.9 38.6 34.4 34.0 30.9 34.5 43.9 38.9 40.9 52.8 Total Source: Population and
22.1 19.8 80.8 44.3 62.3 Source: Population and Housing Census 2001 -53- % 13.9 0.1 0.1 9.1 0.6 1.2 21 6.9 2.4 2.7 3 6 13.1 6.6 0 2.8 10.2 0.3 0 100 TABLE 3.3A EMPLOYED POPULATION BY MAIN INDUSTRIAL GROUPS AND GENDER 1991 AND 2001 INDUSTRY Male Female Male Female 2001 1991 Agriculture, Hunting and Forestry Fishing Mining and Quarrying Manufacturing Electricity, Gas and Water Construction Wholesale and Retail Trade Hotels and Restaurants Transport, Storage and Communications Financial Intermediation Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities Public
 Administration and Defence Education Health and Social Work Other Community, Social and Personal Activities Private Households with Employed Persons Extra Territorial Organizations Not Stated Number 3,800 490 70 1,726 495 3,480 2,890 1,036 2,141 284 460 1,384 803 184 685 408 5 933 % Number % Number % Number TOTAL 21,274 100 13,247 100 21,803 100 11,641 Source: Population and Housing Census 2001 -54- TABLE 3.3B EMPLOYED POPULATION BY MAIN INDUSTRIAL GROUPS DURING THE WEEK BEFORE CENSUS 2001 AND 1991 Number and Percentage Distribution INDUSTRY 2001 Number Percent Number 1991 % Change Percent 1991 - 2001 Agriculture, Hunting and Forestry Fishing Mining and Quarrying Manufacturing Electricity, Gas and Water Construction Wholesale and Retail Trade Hotels and Restaurants Transport, Storage and Communications Financial Intermediation Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities Public Administration and Defence Education Health and Social Work Other Community, Social and Personal Activities Private Households with Employed
 Persons Extra Territorial Organizations Not Stated -37 -22 4 -13 2 1 13 76 13 52 24 -2 7 -23 62 10 -86 TOTAL 34,521 100 33,444 100 81 Source: Population and Housing Census
 1991 & 2001 -55- TABLE 3.3C PERCENTAGE CHANGE IN EMPLOYED POPULATION BY MAIN INDUSTRIAL GROUPS AND GENDER 1991 AND 2001 Male Female INDUSTRY Agriculture, Hunting and Forestry Fishing Mining and Quarrying Manufacturing Electricity, Gas and Water Construction Wholesale and Retail Trade Hotels and Restaurants Transport, Storage and Communications Financial Intermediation Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities Public Administration and Defence Education Health and Social Work Other Community, Social and Personal Activities Private Households with Employed Persons Extra Territorial Organizations Not Stated Number 2001 3,800 490 70 1,726 495 3,480 2,890 1,036 2,141 284 460 1,384 803 184 Percentage 1991 Change 6,018 650 87 1,740 519 3,473 2,752 550 2,021 210 546 1,499 807 195 -36.9 -24.6 -19.5 -0.8 -4.6 0.2 5 88.4 5.9 35.2 -15.8 -7.7 -0.5 -5.6 Number 2001 993 20 34 718 101 179 2,997 1,348 453 518 643 767 1,697 559 Percentage 1991 Change 1,613 7 13 1,063 66 144 2,442 804 282 316 346 699 1,529 765 -38.4 185.7 161.5 -32.5 53 24.3 22.7 67.7 60.6 63.9 85.8 9.7 11 -26.9 685 408 5 933 420 242 74 0 63.1 68.6 -93.2 518 1,176 10 516 324 1,192 36 0 59.9 -1.3 -72.2 TOTAL 21,274 21,803 -2.4 13,247 11,641 13.8 Source: Population and Housing Census 1991 & 2001 -56- EMPLOYED POPULATION BY MAIN OCCUPATIONAL GROUP AND GENDER 1991 AND 2001 DURING THE WEEK BEFORE CENSUS TABLE 3.4A 2001 Main Occupational Group Legislator, Senior Officials and Managers Professionals Technicians and
 Associated Professionals Clerks Service Workers and Shop and Market Sales Skilled Agricultural and Fishery Workers Craft and Related Trade Workers Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers Elementary Occupations Not Stated TOTAL Male Female 1,061 1,081 1,873 1,573 849 887 2,531 706 2,485 2,532 648 3,251 409 4,278 140 2,188 2,960 4,125 291 653 13,247 21,274 Source: Population and Housing Census 1991 & 2001 Total 2,142 3,446 1,736 3,237 5,017 3,899 4,687 2,328 7,085 944 34,521 1991 Male Female 750 1,063 353 668
 1,793 1,288 1,832 706 1,870 1,817 726 3,847 696 4,685 147 1,904 3,460 5,799 14 26 11,641 21,803 Total 1,813 1,021 3,081 2,538 3,687 4,573 5,381 2,051 9,259 40 33,444 TABLE 3.4 B PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF EMPLOYED POPULATION BY GENDER 2001 AND 1991 Main Occupational Group Legislator, Senior Officials and Managers Professionals Technicians and Associated Professionals Clerks Service Workers and Shop and Market Sales Skilled Agricultural and Fishery Workers Craft and Related Trade Workers Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers Elementary Occupations Not Stated TOTAL 2001 Male Female 8 14.1 6.4 19.1 18.8 4.9 3.1 1.1 22.3 2.2 100 5.1 7.4 4.2 3.3 11.9 15.3 20.1 10.3 19.4 3.1 100 Total 6.2 10 5 9.4 14.5 11.3 13.6 6.7 20.5 2.7 100 1991 Female 6.4 3 15.4 15.7 16.1 6.2 6 1.3 29.7 0.1 100 Male 4.9 3.1 5.9 3.2 8.3 17.6 21.5 8.7 26.6 0.1 100 Total 5.4 3.1 9.2 7.6 11 13.7 16.1 6.1 27.7 0.1 100 Source: Population and Housing Census 1991 & 2001 -57- TABLE 3.5 EMPLOYED POPULATION BY TYPE OF WORKER DURING THE WEEK BEFORE CENSUS 2001 AND 1991 Employment Status NUMBER % Distribution % Change 2001 1991 2001 1991 1991 - 2001 Paid Employee - Government Paid Employee - Private 6,571 6,933 18,843 17,816 19.0 54.6 20.7 53.3 Paid Employee - Statutory 1,053 Unpaid Family Worker 593 765 Own Business with Paid Employee 1,794 1,859 3.1 1.7 5.2 2.3 5.6 Own Business without Paid Employee 5,040 6,001 14.6 17.9 -5.0 6.0 -22.0 -3.0 -16.0 Apprentice Don't Know/Not Stated 32 595 0.1 1.7 70 0.2
 750.0 TOTAL 34,521 33,444 100.0 100.0 Source: Population and Housing Census 1991 & 2001 TABLE 3.6 EMPLOYED POPULATION BY NUMBER OF HOURS WORKED AND GENDER DURING THE WEEK BEFORE CENSUS 2001 Hours Worked Number % Distribution Male Female Total Male Female Total 1 - 8 9 - 16 17 - 24 25 - 32 33 - 40 41 - 48 over 49 Not Stated TOTAL 12.7
3.9 5.8 10.1 31.6 17.7 25.1 3.9 2.7 4.8 5.5 12.7 34.8 19.3 17.1 3.1 2.3 4.2 5.7 11.1 32.8 18.3 22.0 3.6 21,274 13,247 34,521 100.0 100.0 100.0 Source: Population and Housing Census 2001 -58- EMPLOYED POPULATION BY LEVEL OF EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AND GENDER DURING THE WEEK BEFORE CENSUS 1991 AND 2001 TABLE 3.7 Educational Attainment Primary School Secondary School Pre-University, University and Post Graduate Other None Not Stated TOTAL % Overall Distribution NUMBER Male Female 2001 Total NUMBER Male Female 1991 Total % Overall Distribution % Change 1991 - 2001 Male Female 13,568 4,801 5,619 4,615 19,187 9,416 55.6 27.3 16,573 3,939 6,542 4,018 23,115 7,957 2,759 59 39 156 13,247 2,442 66 104 293 21,274 Source: Population and Housing Census1991 & -18.1 21.9 123.6 -48 166.7 787.9 -2.4 -17 18.3 155.8 -47 186 747.2 3.2 TABLE 3.8 EMPLOYED POPULATION BY UNION STATUS AND GENDER DURING THE WEEK BEFORE CENSUS 2001 Union Status Male Female Total Percentage Distribution Legally Married Common-Law Union Visiting Partner Married but not in a Union Legally Separated and not in a Union Widowed and not in a Union Divorced and not in a Union Not in a Union Not Stated 5,956 4,110 2,579 205 64 108 204 7,775 273 3,845 1,989 1,717 166 86 270 247 4,766 161 9,801 6,099 4,296 371 150 378 451 12,541 434 TOTAL 21,274 13,247 34,521 Source: Population and Housing Census 2001 28.4 17.7 12.4 1.1
 0.4 1.1 1.3 36.3 1.3 100 -59- TABLE 3.9 POPULATION 15 YEARS AND OVER UNEMPLOYED PAST WEEK BY GENDER, AGE GROUP AND CENSUS DIVISION 2001 Census Division Kingstown Suburbs of Kingstown Calliaqua Marriaqua Bridgetown Colonarie Georgetown Sandy Bay Layou Barrouallie Chateaubelair Northern Grenadines Southern Grenadines MALE Age Group 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49 50 - 54 55 - 59 60 - 52
65+ TOTAL 704 730 1,174 348 432 527 459 223 436 294 401 343 158 8 1 9 3 3 8 4 0 1 1 3 8 1 TOTAL 1,322 1,389 896 685 622 476 303 235 158 93 50 6,229 Census Division Kingstown Suburbs of Kingstown Calliaqua Marriaqua Bridgetown Colonarie Georgetown Sandy Bay Layou Barrouallie Chateaubelair Northern Grenadines Southern Grenadines FEMALE Age Group 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49 50 - 54 55 - 59 60 - 65+ TOTAL 392 500 608 206 154 202 137 38 282 186 159 101 64 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 6 1 0 0 TOTAL 670 810 480 354 279 201 105 58 37 16 19 3,029 TOTAL Age Group Census Division Kingstown Suburbs of Kingstown Calliaqua Marriaqua Bridgetown Colonarie Georgetown Sandy Bay Layou Barrouallie Chateaubelair Northern Grenadines Southern Grenadines 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49 50 - 54 55 - 59 60 - 64 12 5 27 5 4 9 3 3 10 12 6
50 - 54 55 - 59 60 - 65+ TOTAL 1,096 1,230 1,782 554 586 729 596 261 718 480 560 444 222 9 2 11 5 4 9 5 1 3 7 4 8 1 TOTAL 1,992 2,199 1,376 1,039 901
 677 408 293 195 109 69 9,258 Source: Population and Housing Census 2001 -60- TABLE 3.10 UNEMPLOYMENT RATE BY GENDER AND CENSUS DIVISION 2001 AND 1991 Census Division Kingstown Kingstown Suburbs Calliaqua Marriaqua Bridgetown Colonarie Georgetown Sandy Bay Layou Barrouallie Chateaubelair Northern Grenadines Southern Grenadines 2001 Female Male 1991 Total Male Female Total Source: Population and Housing Census 1991 & 2001 UNEMPLOYED POPULATION BY EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT 2001 AND 1991 TABLE 3.11 Educational Level Primary School Secondary School Pre-University & University Other None Not Stated Total Educational Level Primary School Secondary School Pre-University & University Other None Not Stated Total Number Male Female 1585 4601 1235 1331 148 145 12 16 13 54 36 82 3029 6229 Number Female 2169 1098 29 6 5 0 3307 Male 3994 869 37 19 7 5 4931 2001 Total 6186 2566 293 28 67 118 9258 1991 Total 6163 1967 66 25 12 5 8238 Percentage Female 52.3 40.8 4.9 0.4 0.4 1.2 100 Male 73.9 21.4 2.3 0.3 0.9 1.3 100 Percentage Female 65.6 33.2 0.9 0.2 0.2 0 100 Male 81 17.6 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.1 100 Total 66.8 27.7 3.2 0.3 0.7
 1.3 100 Total 74.8 23.9 0.8 0.3 0.1 0.1 100 Source: Population and Housing Census 1991 & 2001 -61- UNEMPLOYED BY UNION STATUS DURING THE WEEK BEFORE CENSUS 2001 TABLE 3.12 Union Status Legally Married Common Law Visiting Partner Married but not in a Union Legally Separated but not in a Union Widowed but not in a Union Divorced but not in a Union Not in a Union Not Stated NUMBER Female 270 502 674 20 6 17 19 1,473 48 Male 600 704 687 49 18 11 25 4,035 100 Total 870 1,206 1,361 69 24 28 44 5,508 148 PERCENTAGE
 Female 8.9 16.6 22.3 0.7 0.2 0.6 0.6 48.6 1.6 Male 9.6 11.3 11 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.4 64.8 1.6 Total 6,229 3,029 9,258 100 100 Source: Population and Housing Census 2001 Total 9.4 13 14.7 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.5 59.5 1.6 100 -62- ECONOMICALLY INACTIVE POPULATION BY SEX AND AGE GROUP DURING THE WEEK BEFORE CENSUS 2001 TABLE 3.13 Census Division 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49 50 - 54 55 - 59 60 - 64 65+ TOTAL Age Group Kingstown Suburbs of Kingstown Calliaqua Marriaqua Bridgetown Colonarie Georgetown Sandy Bay Layou Barrouallie Chateaubelair N. Grenadines S. Grenadines TOTAL Census Division Kingstown Suburbs of Kingstown Calliaqua Marriaqua Bridgetown Colonarie Georgetown Sandy Bay Layou Barrouallie Chateaubelair N. Grenadines S. Grenadines TOTAL MALE 127 133 212 121 105 118 97 55 89 75 90 85 35 1,342 108 99 198 91 88 105 74 31 52 58 74 61 18 1,057 Age Group - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49 50 - 54 55 - 59 60 - 64 78 51 143 41 31 26 26 19 41 16 28 36 19 555 380 343 613 240 195 174 208 75 154 152 181 147 74
65+ 353 192 587 169 168 170 183 75 214
607 27,295 65+ 353 192 587 169 168 170 183 75 214 113 126 152 47 2,549 TOTAL 1,052 850 1,832 666 531 492 561 254 519 376 416 450 187 8,186 FEMALE Age Group Census Division 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49 50 - 54 55 - 59 60 - 64 65+ TOTAL Kingstown Suburbs of Kingstown Calliaqua Marriaqua Bridgetown Colonarie Georgetown Sandy Bay Layou Barrouallie Chateaubelair N. Grenadines S. Grenadines TOTAL Source: Population and Housing Census 2001 -63- CHAPTER FOUR: HOUSING AND SERVICES 1.
NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS AND AVERAGE SIZE In 2001 there were 30,518 households (one or more persons living together, i.e.

sleeping in the same house most nights of the week and sharing at least one daily meal), compared with 27,002 in the 1991, an increase of 13.0 percent.

The percentage increase was smaller when compared with the 1991 and 1980 Censuses, which registered 33.1 percent and 19.8 percent growth respectively.
Unlike the other censuses when the growth was on account of increased population, in 2001, the population declined marginally by 0.2 percent, indicating the increase in the number of households was mainly due to a fall in the mean size of households.
Figure 4:1 Households by Census Divisions 2001 S / G r e n a d i n e s N / G r e n a Chateaubelair d i n e s K'to w n Barrouallie Layou S a n d y B a y G e o r g e t o w n C olonarie n w o t e g d i r B 6RXUFH6WDWLVWLFDO2IILFH n w u r b s K 't o b u S C a l l i a q u a a u q a i r r a M -64- All census divisions exhibited increases in the number of households, with the exception of Kingstown and Georgetown, which declined by 4.6 and 1.3 percent respectively.
Figure 4:2 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 S uburbs K'to w n K'to w n Change in Households by CDs 1970, 1980, 1991 2001 C alliaqua M arriaqua B ridgeto w n C olonarie G eorgeto w n Sandy B ay C hateaubelair L ayou B arrouallie N /G renadines S/G renadines VRXUFH6WDWLVWLFDO2IILFH 2001 1991 1980 1970 -65- The Southern Grenadines (60.0 percent), Kingstown Suburbs (32.4), Layou (22.8 percent), Calliaqua (20.9 percent) and Northern Grenadines (18.7 percent) experienced significant increases in the number of households in 2001.
The dramatic increase in the number of households in the Southern Grenadines is directly related to the fact that 31.5 percent of the locally born resident population were from other parts of the country and in most instances were there on account of employment opportunities which existed at the time.

The opening of the Canouan Resort in the late 1990's was the single most important factor responsible for this expansion.
The data show that in 2001 the three (3) Census Divisions: Kingstown, Kingstown Suburbs and Calliaqua accounted for 45.6 percent of the total number of households (marginally up from the 45 percent in 1991) and 45.3 percent of the total population.

Given that these Census Divisions occupy 13.4 percent of the total landmass, and have a combined population density of 2,378 per square mile there are implications for transportation, housing and other social services in this part of the country.
Further dis-aggregation of the data show that 21.5 percent of the households were in the Calliaqua Census Division.

This is consistent with the fact that 20.9 percent of the population reside in this census division.

In addition, it must be noted that this census division benefited most from internal migration as indicated by the fact that 6,348 persons (30.7 percent of the resident population) reported that they were from other areas of the country.
The Census Division of Kingstown had the second largest number of households (13.0 percent) Other large census divisions by households were the Suburbs of Kingstown (11.1 percent), Marriaqua (7.2 percent) and Colonarie (6.5 percent).

 -66- Ninety percent of households lived on mainland St. Vincent and 10 percent in the Grenadines.

This has not changed much from the 1991 Census when the percentages were 92 percent and 8 percent respectively.
In 2001, the mean household size was 3.5 compared with 3.9 and 4.8 in 1991 and 1980 respectively.

This change was on account of the 13.0 percent increase in the number of households, coupled with the 0.2 percent decline in the population size.

A closer examination of the mean size of households shows that all the census divisions realised declines.

Sandy Bay had the largest mean size of 4.4 which was down from the 4.9 in 1991.

The Southern Grenadines with 2.6 had the smallest average household size.
In terms of the Southern Grenadines the 60.0 percent increase in the number of households was primarily due to the increase in single member households.

2.

HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE OF DWELLING, OWNERSHIP AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL In 2001, 85.2 percent of the households lived in undivided private house (a single dwelling unit which takes up the complete building).

This represented a 14.4 percent increase over the 1991 figure, and could be as a result of the emergence of more single parent households.
Increased access to credit due to more competitive lending practices by the financial institutions could be another contributing factor.

 The number of persons living in “combined business and dwelling” increased by 26.3 percent in 2001 compared with 64.8 percent in 1991.

Households which lived in barracks increased from 84 in 1991 to 275 in 2001.
This movement was as a result of the increased numbers of households in Mustique utilising this form of dwelling, which more often than not tended to be single households.

However, the number of households living in barracks remained at less than 1 percent.

 -67- Ownership relates to the legal and financial arrangements under which the household occupies its living quarters.

The data show that there has been an upward trend in the number of persons who owned homes.
In 2001, 23,065 or 75.6 percent of the household dwellings were owner occupied, compared with 71.3 percent in 1991.

The other significant types of tenancy included "Rented - Private" (3, 828 or 12.5 percent of total households) which grew 20.9 percent and "Rent Free" (2,774 or 9.1 percent of total households) which expanded by 52.7 percent.

 The number of households living in homes constructed from concrete has increased significantly since 1991.
Data from the 2001 Census show that 21,707 households (71.6 percent) lived in concrete dwellings compared with 14,883 or 55.1 percent in 1991.

While the use of concrete continued to increase, the other major types of construction material used by households have declined significantly.

In the case of wood, for example, the number of households living in wooden houses continued to fall.
In 1991 there were 8,440 households living in wooden houses (31.3 percent of total households) and by 2001 the number had fallen by 30.3 percent to 5 886 or 19.3 percent of all households.

Households living in homes built from a combination of wood and concrete accounted for 2,333 (7.6 percent), a decline of 10.9 percent.

The use of Adobe ('wattle and daub') and brick has declined extensively, while less than one percent of households live in homes constructed from make shift material.

 3.
3.

HOUSEHOLD BY NUMBER OF ROOMS The number of rooms (exclusive of kitchens, bathrooms and bedrooms) provide useful information for assessing overcrowding.

The 2001 census data suggest a decline in the number of households whose dwelling are less than three rooms.

In 2001 1,873 households, or 6.1 percent of the population lived in one room dwelling -68- units, the comparative figure for 1991 was 2,055 or 7.6 percent.

There was also a decline in households with two rooms.
Five hundred and ninety-four (594) or 18.3 percent occupied dwellings with two rooms in 2001 compared with 6,525 or 24.2 percent in 1991 The analysis of the 1991 situation regarding the increase in the number of people with one room dwelling units, suggest some level of over crowding and also an increase in the number of households below the mean household size.

This situation may have eased somewhat in 2001, based on the data provided.
Twenty nine percent (29.0 percent) of households lived in houses with at least three rooms.

This trend is consistent with the last two censuses when the figures were 28.0 and 28.9 percent in 1991 and 1980 respectively.

Meanwhile the number of households living in 4 rooms households increased by 32.9 percent over 1991, to be the second most important category.
In 2001, eight thousand four hundred and thirteen (8,413) or 27.6 percent lived in four- room dwelling up from 23.4 percent in 1991 and 19.5 percent in 1980.

4.

SERVICES 4.1 Water Supply The main source of water supply to households in 2001 was "Public Piped into Dwelling" accounting for 15,936 or 52.2 percent of all households.

These figures compare favourably with the 8,984 (33.3 percent) and 4 337 (21.4 percent) in 1991 and 1980 respectively.
Together with the 5,194 households in the category "Public Piped into Yard", these sources accounted for 69.2 percent of water supply to homes compared with 47.6 percent in 1991 and 34.7 percent in 1980.

Concomitant with these movements, there was a 43.8 percent decline in the number of households utilising public standpipes as their main source of water supply.

These figures are -69- consistent with Government’s policy to improve the accessibility of potable water to the entire population.
Meanwhile there was a 29.0 percent increase in the number of households utilising “private piped into dwelling” and “private catchment piped”.

This movement was primarily felt in the census divisions of the Northern and Southern Grenadines (due to the increase in the households) where these methods are still the traditional source of water supply.

In these census divisions, 96 percent of households in the Northern Grenadines and 89.5 percent in the Southern Grenadines relied on water from this source.
The data also show that 89.7 percent of households in Kingstown had access to pipe- borne water from the public supply and led all other census divisions in this area.

The Census Divisions of Calliaqua (85.0 percent), Suburbs of Kingstown (84.1 percent) and Layou (73.0 percent) and Sandy Bay (70.7 percent) had relatively high numbers of households that had access to pipe-borne water.
At the lower end 55.1 percent of households in the Census division of Chateaubelair had access to potable water It was observed that while there was a 43.8 percent decline in the number of households receiving water from “public stand pipe”, the number is still reasonably high at 14.6 percent.
Further disaggregation showed that 39.1 percent of the households in Chateaubelair obtained water form this source and was followed by Colonarie (33.2 percent), Georgetown (28.9 percent), Barrouallie (28.4 percent) and Sandy Bay (17.8 percent).

In the census divisions of the Northern and Southern Grenadines only 0.3 percent of the households used this source.

Indications are that this measurement of quality of standard of living shows significant improvement over the last two censuses.
While this is noteworthy, greater efforts will have to be made to ensure that access to this basic commodity via the public source is increasingly made available to all households.

-70- 4.2 Lighting In 2001, 79.1 percent or 24,326 households used public electricity as the main type of lighting.

This figure represented an increase of 34.8 percent compared with 1991 when it was 18,044.

The major contributors to the increase were the expansion in rural electrification and the electrification of Canouan.
The census divisions that benefited most from these interventions were Georgetown, Sandy Bay and the Southern Grenadines (Canouan).

In the case of Sandy Bay, for example, 2 percent of the households used electricity in 1991 compared with 67.8 percent in 2001.

Meanwhile, Georgetown’s use of electricity moved from 45.8 percent in 1991 to 69.3 percent in 2001.

In terms of the Southern Grenadines, household usage of electricity increased to 80 percent in 2001 from 15.9 percent in 1991.
This expansion was mainly to facilitate the economic activities, which were taking place at the time, at the same time coinciding with Government’s plans to make the service available to all parts of St. Vincent and the Grenadines.

With the expansion in the availability of public electricity there has been a corresponding decline in the use of kerosene for lighting.

The number of households using kerosene declined from 8,231 in 1991 to 3,905.
While there were major reductions in the use of kerosene, there are still quite a number of households, especially in the rural areas using this type of lighting.

Meanwhile, less than one percent of households reported not having any form of lighting.

 4.3 Household by Fuel Used for Cooking The main source of fuel used throughout St. Vincent and the Grenadines for cooking was gas, which accounted for 90.1 percent of households compared with 75.1 percent in 1991 and 28 percent in 1980.
Consistent with the increase in the number of households utilising gas as the main source of fuel, there was a 60.6 and 61.6 percent decline in the use of wood and -71- charcoal respectively over the 1991 figures.

Meanwhile, the number of households using kerosene as their main source of fuel declined by a 85.7 percent in the period.
Use of Wood & Charcoal for Fuel 1991-2001 Figure 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 l g n i s u s d o h e s u o h f o % l a o c r a h c & d o o w 0 Kingsto w n S uburbs Kingsto w n C alliaqua M arriaqua Bridgeto w n G eorgeto w n C olonarie S andy B ay S outhern Grenadines N orthern Grenadines C hateaubelair B arrouallie Layou 2001 1991 VRXUFH6WDWLVWLFDO2IILFH Further analysis showed that on average less than 6.9 percent of all of households used wood and charcoal as their main source of fuel compared with 20.3 percent in 1991.
As was the case in 1991, usage by households of these types of in the Census Divisions of Sandy Bay (15.6percent), Georgetown (11.8percent), Layou (10.5percent), and Chateaubelair (10.2percent) of these sources of fuel were well above the national average In the Census Division of Sandy Bay the number of households using wood and charcoal declined from 58.1 percent in 1991 to 15.6 percent in 2001.
The Northern Grenadines recorded the lowest percentage of households using these forms of fuel with the percentage declining from 7.3 percent in 1991 to 3.6 percent in 2001.

-72- 4.4 Households by Ownership of Goods and Access to Services In order to assess the digital divide that exist in the country one must be able to determine the number of households which have access to and the capability to use modern information technology, such as telephone, television and the internet.
In St. Vincent and the Grenadines, the major instruments of communication were radios, televisions, telephones and to a much lesser extent, the computer.

A significant number of households, 83.8 percent, owned a radio.

This was up from 75.7 percent in 1991.

In comparison to the 51.2 percent of households who owned televisions in 1991, the figure had increased significantly to 71.7 percent in 2001.
All Census Divisions realised significant growth in the number of households with televisions, with 80.1 percent of all urban communities owning televisions and 87.9 percent owning radios.

In terms of access to the telephone, there was a 40.5 percent increase in the number of household which had access to this service.

However, access to this medium of communication is still relatively low at 53.3 percent in 2001. and has implications for “bridging the digital divide”.
This is because access to the internet in St. Vincent and the Grenadines is mainly via the “dial up “ method.

In 2001 only 8.2 percent (2,517) of households were reported to own computers.

In the Census Division of Calliaqua, 955 households (37.9percent) had computers, followed by 22 percent in Kingstown and 10 percent in the Suburbs of Kingstown.

In terms of internet access, 5.2 percent of households stated that they had an internet connection.
Concomitant with the number of households with computers, the Census Division of Calliaqua had the highest internet connection rate of 10.5 percent.

Other census divisions worthy of mention were Kingstown (8.7), Kingstown Suburbs (4.0 percent), Northern Grenadines (4.8 percent) and Southern Grenadines (4.2 percent).

-73- 4.5 Appliances Ownership of appliances such as stoves, fridges and washing machines can be indicative of improvements in the quality of life.
In the 2001 Census, 90.1 percent of households owned stoves, while 66.1 percent had refrigerators and a significantly lower amount (14.5 percent) owned washing machines.

 4.6 Toilet Facilities Ownership of toilet facilities is one of the basic health indicators as well as a measurement of improvement in the quality of life of individuals at the community level.
The 2001 census data indicate that 96.2 percent of households were practising some acceptable form of sewerage disposal, marginally up from the 96.0 percent realised in 1991.

In 2001, 52.0 percent of the total households used the combined form of “WC linked to cesspit” and "WC linked to sewer", compared with 33.2 percent in 1991.
Concomitant with this increase the number of households who used “pit latrines” fell from 62.0 percent to 44.2 percent in 2001, as persons shifted towards the use of WC type toilets.

The percentage of households utilising no acceptable form of sewage disposal decreased from in 1991 to in 2001.
-74- TABLE 4.1 NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS AND AVERAGE SIZE 1970, 1980, 1991 AND 2001 Census Year Number of Households Average Size 1970 1980 1991 2001 16,940 20,290 27,002 30,518 5.1 4.8 3.9 3.5 Source: Population and Housing Census 1970, 1980, 1991 and 2001 TABLE 4.2 NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS 1980, 1991 AND 2001 Number of Number Percentage Rooms 1980 1991 2001 1980 1991 2001 and over Not Stated Source: Population and Housing Census 1980, 1991, 2001 -75- TABLE 4.3 NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS BY CENSUS DIVISION 1970, 1980, 1991 AND 2001 1991 4,175 2,551 5,430 2,167 1,679 1,895 1,946 575 1,516 1,393 1,449 24,776 1,450 776 27,002 Source: Population and Housing Census 1970, 1980, 1991 and 2001 Percentage Change 1970 - 1980 1980 - 1991 1991 - 2001 -4.6 32.4 20.9 1.8 10.1 5.2 - Census
37 18.3 35.5 36.4 17.6 32.7 38.8 36.1 33.1 Census Division Kingstown Suburbs Calliaqua Marriaqua Bridgetown Colonarie Georgetown Sandy Bay Layou Barrouallie Chateaubelair Total Mainland N. Grenadines S. Grenadines Total TABLE 4.4 PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS AND MEAN SIZE 1970, 1980, 1991 AND 2001 Census Division 1970 PERCENTAGE 1980 1991 2001 1970 1980 1991 2001 MEAN SIZE Kingstown Suburbs Calliaqua Marriaqua Bridgetown Colonarie Georgetown Sandy Bay Layou Barrouallie Chateaubelair N. Grenadines S. Grenadines Total 20.68 6.95
N. Grenadines S. Grenadines Total Source: Population and Housing Census 1970, 1980, 1991 and 2001 -76- TABLE 4.5 NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE OF OWNERSHIP 1980, 1991 AND 2001 Type of Ownership Number Percent Number Percent 1991 2001 % Change Owned Squatted Rented-Private Rented-Govt.
Leased Rent Free Other Don’t Know/Not Stated TOTAL 27,002 100.0 30,518 100.00 Source: Population and Housing Census 1980, 1991 and 2001 19.8 9.2 0.4 -68.1 -18.2 -13.1 23.4 133.3 13.0 TABLE 4.6 NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS BY MARITAL STATUS AND GENDER OF HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD 2001 MARITAL STATUS MALE FEMALE TOTAL Legally Married Common Law Union Visiting Partner Married but nor in a Union Legally Separated and not in a union Widowed and not in a Union Divorced and not in a Union Not in a Union Not Stated No.
% 40.5 19.0 7.8 1.7 0.5 2.4 1.7 24.8 1.5 7,332 3,444 1,422 311 95 437 311 4,502 272 No.

% 13.7 13.1 12.9 2.6 1.3 12.4 3.3 38.9 1.7 1,663 1,594 1,569 318 158 1,503 396 4,723 212 No.
% 29.7 16.6 9.9 2.1 0.8 6.4 2.3 30.5 1.6 8,995 5,038 2,991 629 253 1,940 707 9,225 484 TOTAL 18,126 100.0 12,136 100.0 30,262 100.0 Source: Population and Housing Census 2001 -77- TABLE 4.7 NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS BY YEAR OF CONSTRUCTION OF DWELLING 2001 Type of Dwelling Undivided Private House Part of a Private House Flat/Apartment/Condominium Townhouse Double house or Duplex Combined Business/Dwelling Barracks Other Before 1970 1970 - 1979 1980 - 1990 - 1996 1995 1989 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Don't TOTAL Know TOTAL 5,391 3,507 5,579 4,787 879 785 1,010 1,008 1,107 325 6,140 30,518 Source: Population and Housing Census 2001 TABLE 4.8 NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL AND CENSUS DIVISION 2001 Census Division Wood Kingstown Suburbs of Kingstown Calliaqua Mariraqua Bridgetown Colonaire Georgetown Sandy Bay Layou Barrouallie Chateaubelair Northern Grenadines Southern Grenadines Total 768 576 1,107 485 322 502 587 73 409 288 214 318 237 5,886 Blocks Concrete Wood & Concrete 437 244 375 176 140 118 117 33 185 100 73 274 61 2,333 2,733 2,529 4,994 1,524 1,367 1,361 1,202 505 1,228 1,134 1,220 1,101 935 21,833 Stone Brick Adobe 91
0 1 0 0 1 1 2 3 17 2 1 9 0 6 2 0 0 5 38 28 0 0 91 Makeshift or Tatched Other 7 15 46 8 7 7 11 10 23 13 53 5 4 209 1 10 5 3 4 3 2 1 4 3 14 4 1 55 Total 3,983 3,378 6,562 2,206 1,849 1,993 1,921 622 1,861 1,577 1,603 1,721 1,242 30,518 Source: Population and Housing Census 2001 -78- TABLE 4.9 NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE OF LIGHTING USED AND CENSUS DIVISION 2001 Gas Kerosene Electricity Electricity Other None Total Census Division Public Kingstown Suburbs of Kingstown Calliaqua Marriaqua Bridgetown Colonaire Georgetown Sandy Bay Layou Barrouallie Chateaubelair
 Northern Grenadines Southern Grenadines Total Private Generator 40 54 91 27 24 20 16 2 16 13 19 402 83 807 116 87 208 86 127 72 88 21 67 82 106 21 40 1,121 Source: Population and Housing Census 2001 23 34 54 18 16 20 30 13 19 29 18 5 4 283 3,983 3,378 6,562 2,206 1,849 1,993 1,921 622 1,861 1,577 1,603 1,721 1,242 30,518 NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS TYPE OF FUEL MOST USED FOR COOKING AND CENSUS DIVISION 2001 TABLE 4.10 CENSUS DIVISION Kingstown Suburbs of Kingstown Calliaqua Mariaqua Bridgetown Colonaire Georgetown Sandy Bay Layou Barrouallie Chateaubelair Northern Grenadines Southern Grenadines TOTAL Coal 105 101 178 63 82 54 82 43 138 122 149 46 29 1,192 Type of Fuel Most Used for Cooking Wood Gas/LPG Kerosene Electricity Other TOTAL Source: Population and Housing Census 2001 -79- TABLE 4.11 NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS BY MAIN SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY 2001 AND 1991 Source of Water Supply 2001 1991 Number % Number % Private Piped into Dwelling Private Catchment, not Piped 550
 874 Private Catchement Piped 1,622 1.8 2.9 5.3 1,681 1,346 … Public Piped into Dwelling 15,936 52.2 8,984 Public Piped into Yard Public Stand Pipe Public Well or Tank Other TOTAL 5,194 4,455 167 1,720 17.1 3,864 14.6 7,934 0.5 5.6 279 2,914 6.2 5.0 … 33.3 14.3 29.4 1.0 10.8 30,518 100.0 27,002 100.0 Source: Population and Housing Census 1991 and 2001 % Change -67.2 -35.1 … 77.4 34.4 -43.8 -40.1 -40.9 13.0 TABLE 4.12 NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS BY MAIN SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY AND CENSUS DIVISION 2001 Private Private
 Private Public Public Public Public Census Division Piped into Catchment Catchment Piped into Piped into Stand Well or Other Total Dwelling not piped Piped Dwelling Yard Pipe Tank Kingstown Suburbs of Kingstown Calliaqua Mariaqua Bridgetown Colonaire Georgetown Sandy Bay Layou Barrouallie Chateaubelair Northern Grenadines Southern Grenadines Total Source: Population and Housing Census 2001 15,936 874 4,455 167 1,720 30,518 -80- TABLE 4.13 HOUSEHOLDS BY TOILET FACILITIES 2001 Toilet Facilities Type of Dwelling W.C. (flush W.C.(flush Pit-latrine/ toilet) linked toilet) linked to septic tank soak-away to sewer VIP Other None TOTAL Undivided Private House Part of a Private House Flat/Apartment/Condominium Townhouse Double house or Duplex Combined Business/Dwelling Barracks Other TOTAL Source: Population and Housing Census 2001 TABLE 4.14A HOUSEHOLDS WITH
 RADIO, TELEVISION AND VIDEO BY CENSUS DIVISION 2001 Census Division Kingstown Suburbs of Kingstown Calliaqua Marriaqua Bridgetown Colonarie Georgetown Sandy Bay Layou Barrouallie Chateaubelair Northern Grenadines Southern Grenadines Number of Households 3,983 3,378 6,562 2,206 1,849 1,993 1,921 622 1,861 1,577 1,603 1,721 1,242 Number 3,509 2,968 5,757 1,865 1,476 1,642 1,466 442 1,531 1,262 1,215 1,410 1,032 Household Goods Radio Television VCR % 13.72 11.61 22.51 7.29 5.77 6.42 5.73 1.73 5.99 4.93 4.75 5.51
 4.04 Number 3,381 2,574 5,204 1,560 1,219 1,263 1,094 330 1,273 1,035 947 1,197 802 % 15.45 11.76 23.79 7.13 5.57 5.77 5.00 1.51 5.82 4.73 4.33 5.47 3.67 Number 1,861 1,553 2,737 696 440 496 493 157 676 499 494 485 441 % 16.88 14.08 24.82 6.31 3.99 4.50 4.47 1.42 6.13 4.52 4.48 4.40 4.00 TOTAL 30,518 25,575 100.00 21,879 100.00 11,028 100.00 Source: Population and Housing Census 2001 -81- TABLE 4.14B HOUSEHOLDS WITH RADIO, TELEVISION AND VIDEO BY CENSUS DIVISION 1991 Household Goods Radio Television VCR Census Division Kingstown Suburbs of Kingstown Calliaqua Marriaqua Bridgetown Colonarie Georgetown Sandy Bay Layou Barrouallie Chateaubelair Northern Grenadines Southern Grenadines TOTAL Number of Households 4,175 2,551 5,430 2,167 1,679 1,895 1,946 575 1,516 1,393 1,449 1,450 776 Number 3,430 1,970 4,417 1,668 1,222 1,289 1,271 295 1,074 966 1,001 1,190 657 % 16.77 9.63 21.60 8.16 5.98 6.30 6.22 1.44 5.25 4.72 4.89 5.82 3.21 Number 2,993 1,426 3,452 1,084 788 677 521 59 646 528 422 867 354 % 21.66 10.32 24.98 7.85 5.70 4.90 3.77 0.43 4.68 3.82 3.05 6.27 2.56 27,002 20,450 100.00 Source: Population and Housing Census 1991 13,817 100.00 Number - - - - - - - - - - - - - - % - - - - - - - - - - - - - - NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF VEHICLE FOR PRIVATE USE AND CENSUS DIVISION 2001 TABLE 4.15 Census Division Kingstown Suburbs of Kingstown Calliaqua Marriaqua Bridgetown Colonarie Georgetown Sandy Bay Layou Barrouallie Chateaubelair Northern Grenadines Southern
 Grenadines None % One % Two % Three or More Not Stated 14 88 42 8 6 8 21 3 3 2 14 6 35 % 26.1 5.6 39.4 7.8 3.9 1.7 3.3 0.6 6.1 0 1.1 3.9 0.6 TOTAL 24,879 100 4,357 100
 852 100 180 100 250 Source: Population and Housing Census 2001 % 40 251.4 120 22.9 17.1 22.9 22.9 60 8.6 8.6 5.7 40 17.1 100 TOTAL % 3,983 3,378 6,562 2,206 1,849 1,993 1,921 622 1,861 1,577 1,603 1,721 1,242 13.1 11.1 21.5 7.2 6.1 6.5 6.3 2 6.1 5.2 5.3 5.6 4.1 30,518 100 -82- NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLD BY TYPE OF FACILITIES 2001 TABLE 4.16 Census Division No.
of H/holds Water Heater Cable/ Refrigerator/ Cellular Telephone Statellite Freezer Telephone Washing Machine Water Pump Computer Microwave Internet Stove Oven Connection Household Goods No.

% No.

% No.

% No.

% No.

% No.

% No.

% No.

% No.

% No.

% No.
% Kingstown Suburbs Calliaqua Marriaqua Bridgetown Colonarie Georgetown Sandy Bay Layou Barrouallie Chateaubelair N/Grenadines S/Grenadines TOTAL 30,518 3,942 100.0 6,634 100.0 20,141 100.0 1,290 100.0 16,261 100.0 4,415 100.0 984 100.0 2,517 100.0 4,074 100.0 1,583 100.0 27,642
 100.0 Source: Population and Housing Census 2001 TABLE 4.17 SUMMARY OF HOUSING STOCK 2001 Buildings D/Units H/Holds Businesses Institutions Source: Population and Housing Census 2001 30,476 31,041 55 15 44 11 0 0 0 0 38 2 2 55 43 265 Kingstown Suburbs Calliaqua Marriaqua Bridgetown Colonarie Georgetown Sandy Bay Layou Barrouallie Chateaubelair N. Grenadines S. Grenadines TOTAL -83- CHAPTER FIVE: MARITAL STATUS, UNION STATUS AND FERTILITY 1.
OVERVIEW Analysis of fertility, marital status and union status are important in vital rates of the population.

While sector specific surveys are sometimes carried out to determine fertility and mortality, the population census is a cost effective and prudent way to collect this information.

The data in this chapter therefore provide useful insights into the pattern of the population on these vital areas, there is not attempt to make a moral statement on the particular preferences of the population.

2.
2.

MARITAL STATUS The data on the Population 15 years and over by Marital Status and Age (see Table 5.1) showed that the major categories were Legally Married (24.6percent), Common Law Union (15.2percent), Visiting Partner (11percent) and Not in a Union (41.8percent).

 The number of Legally Married persons increased from 16,796 in 1991 to 17,606 in 2001(4.8percent).
When disaggregated by sex the number of males and females who were legally married increased by 5 percent and 4.6 percent respectively.

There has been a reversal in the trend relative to the 1991 Census data with respect to the age and sex specific status of persons who were Legally Married.

The 2001 data suggest that both sexes were postponing marriage.

The number of married persons in every age cohort between 15 - 34 years has fallen, while from 35 - 49 years the number has increased.
However, while both sexes exhibit this trend, the magnitude of the change varied between the sexes.

For example, the number of legally married females 15 -34 fell by 22 percent while between 35 - 49 years the number increased by 26.9 percent.

The corresponding figures for males in the 15-34 age cohort was a decrease of 24 percent and an increase of 15.4 percent for the 35-49 age cohort.
-84- While to an extent these movements may reflect changes in the size of the age and sex specific population, it does not negate the fact that females continue to marry at a younger age than their male counterparts.

For example in the age group 15-29 there were 1,002 legally married females which represented 6.9 percent of this age group compared with 420 males which represented 2.8 percent.
In the remaining age groups, 40-44 and above, the percentage of legally married males and females does not differ remarkably.

The second most significant type of the union status reported was Common Law Union.

This category was introduced in the 2001 Census as a direct result of the changes in the legislation affording women in common law unions rights that were hitherto non-existent.
The data show that 10,863 persons or 14.7 percent of the adult population were in a common law union and this amount is almost evenly distributed between the two sexes.

There are 5,549 females (50.2percent) in a common law union while the corresponding figure for males was 5,404 or 49.7 percent.

While 51.6 percent of the persons in common law union were between 25 - 39 years, females enter this union at a younger age than their male counterparts.
For example, the 25-34 age group had the largest number of females in a Common Law Union (35.4percent) whereas for males it was the age group 30-34 (37.3percent).

Also there were 296 females compared with 32 males in the age group 15 - 19 in a Common Law Union.
-85- TABLE 5.1 POPULATION 15 YEARS AND OVER BY UNION STATUS AND SEX 1991 AND 2001 Marital Status Both Sexes Legally Married Common law Union Visiting Partner Married but not in a Union* Legally Separated and not in a Union* Widowed and not in a Union* Divorced and not in a Union* Not in a Union Never Married Not stated Total Male Legally Married Common law Union Visiting Partner Married but not in a Union Legally Separated and not in a Union Widowed and not in a Union Divorced and not in a Union Not in a Union Never Married Not stated Total Female Legally Married Common law Union Visiting Partner Married but not in a Union Legally Separated and not in a Union Widowed and not in a Union Divorced and not in a Union Not in a Union Never Married Not stated Total 1991 2001 Number % Number % % Change 16,796 … … … 380 2,408 840 … 46,428 21 66,873 8,341 … … … 190 658 421 … 23,487 7 33,104 8,455 … … … 190 1,750 419 … 22,941 14 33,769 25.1 17,606 … 10,863 … 7,859 781 … 322 0.6 2,292 3.6 1.3 852 … 31,974 … 1,129 73,678 69.4 0.0 100.0 25.2 8,762 … 5,404 … 3,609 383 … 128 0.6 512 2.0 380 1.3 … 17,290 … 641 37,109 70.9 0.0 100.0 25.0 8,844 … 5,459 … 4,250 398 … 194 0.6 1,780 5.2 1.2 472 … 14,684 … 488 36,569 67.9 0.0 100.0 23.9 14.7 10.7 1.1 0.4 3.1 1.2 43.4 … 1.5 100.0 40.5 19.0 7.9 1.7 0.5 2.4 1.7 24.8 … 1.5 100.0 24.2 14.9 11.6 1.1 0.5 4.9 1.3 40.2 … 1.3 100.0 4.8 … … … -15.3 -4.8 1.4 … … 5276.2 5.0 … … … -32.6 -22.2 -9.7 … … 9057.1 4.6 … … … 2.1 1.7 12.6 … … 3385.7 Source: Population and Housing Census 1991 and 2001 *
 For 1991, these categories did not have “and not in a Union” -86- The other types of union status - Legally Separated, Widowed-Not in a Union and Divorced-Not in a Union - were relatively small.
Compared with 1991, the number of persons Widowed-Not in a Union declined by 4.8 percent with the majority of persons, 1,628 or 71 percent being over 65 years.

 There has been a slight increase in the number of persons who were “Divorced-Not in a Union.” In this category 44.6 percent of the persons were male and 55.4 percent female.

In terms of age distribution 89.7 percent of the males were over 40 years compared with 87.8 percent for the females.
For the other categories 7,859 or 10.7 percent of the population 15 years and over indicated that their union status is “Visiting Partner” while 31,974 or 43.4 percent of the population indicated that they are “Not in a Union”.

Of those in the category “Visiting Partner”, 3,609 or 45.9 percent were male and 4,250 or 54 percent female.

The majority of persons in this category were between 20 to 34 years for both sexes.
In the case of those “Not in a Union” there was a marked inverse relationship between age and the number of persons.

As age increases, the number of persons decreased.
TABLE 5.2 POPULATION 14 YEARS AND OVER BY MARITAL STATUS, AND AGE GROUP 2001 Age Group Legally Common-law Visiting Married but Legally Widowed Divorced Not in a Not TOTAL Married Union Partner Separated and and Union Stated Not in a union 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49 50 - 54 55 - 59 60 - 64 TOTAL Source: Population and Housing Census -87- 3.
UNION STATUS, AGE AND FERTILITY The data in Table 5.3 – “Births by Union Status and Age Group of Mother”, show that a total of 1,891 babies were reportedly born during the twelve months preceding the census.

Of this total, 581 or 30.7 percent were born to women in a common-law relationship, 525 or 27.8 percent to women who had a visiting partner, 395 or 20.9 percent were to married women while 360 or 19.0 percent were born to females not in a union.
The categories, “Visiting Partner” and “Common Law Union” accounted for 1,100 or 58.5 percent of the total births.
NUMBER OF WOMEN GIVING BIRTH IN THE YEAR PRECEDING THE CENSUS BY AGE GROUP AND MARITAL STATUS 2001 TABLE 5.3 Age Group Legally Common-law Visiting Not in a union Married Union Partner Married but Legally Widowed Divorced Not in a Not TOTAL Separated and and Union Stated 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49 6 57 107 113 92 20 1 84 162 150 99 73 13 2 119 168 119 75 35 9 2 TOTAL 396 583 527 110 127 53 36 26 8 1 1 4 5 1 0 1 0 321 520 436 328 233 53 6 361 12 1,897 Source: Population and Housing Census 2001 The 7 percent increase in the population within the reproductive age group (15 – 44 yrs) coupled with the decrease in the number of reported births in each age group during the twelve months prior to the census has significantly reduced the age specific rates in each five year group.
However, as was the case in 1991, the age specific fertility rates for the 20 – 24 age group was the highest (109.7 per 1000), -88- followed by the 25 – 29 age group (104.7 per 1000).

The rates declined in the older age groups.

It must be noted that the female population, 15 – 19 does not include children who are still at school.

If this were case, the age specific fertility rate for that age group would have been lower than the reported 57.1 per 1000.
The Total Fertility Rate, defined as the number of births per woman, was 2.2 birth per woman compared to 3.1 births per woman in 1991.

This means that if the age specific fertility rates were to continue unchanged, women in St. Vincent and the Grenadines would average 2.2 children each during their child bearing years.

When the Total Fertility Rate is calculated from the registered births, it is still a moderate 2.4 births per woman.
Indications are that gradually, St. Vincent and the Grenadines will reach replacement level fertility, which is a total fertility rate of 2.1 births per woman.

Along with the actual level of the birth rate, age structure is a demographic “engine” which drives (or retards) population growth.

In St. Vincent and the Grenadines, the total number of women in the reproductive age group has increased over the past decade.
This will virtually guarantee that the population will continue to grow despite the declining fertility rate and even after fertility drops to replacement level.
The mean age of child bearing in 2001 was 27.9 years compared to 26.6 years in 1991 -89- TABLE 5.4 AGE SPECIFIC FERTILITY RATES OF FEMALE POPULATION 15 – 44 YEARS 1991 AND 2001 1991 Total Birth Last ASFR's Registered 2001 Total Birth Last ASFR's Registered Age Group Women Year (Per 000) Births Women Year (Per 000) Births 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 Total 15 - 44 Total Fertility Rate Mean Age at Child Bearing Source: Population and Housing Census 1991 and 2001 4.
FEMALE POPULATION BY UNION STATUS AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITY Table 5.5 depicts the union status and economic activity of the female population age 15 – 64 years.

It revealed that 43.5 percent of the legally married females were employed or had a job but did not work; 3 percent were unemployed while a significant 40.7 percent were engaged in home duties.

For those females who were “not in union”, 32.4 percent were employed while 10 percent were “looking for work” or “want work and are available”.
In addition, 24.8 percent in this category were doing home duties and 21.6 percent attended school.

The female in a common-law union had 36.4 percent rate of employment while a similar amount, 36.4 percent are looking for work.

The females with visiting partners had 40.4 percent employment and 15.8 percent unemployment.
-90- FEMALE POPULATION BY ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AND UNION STATUS 2001 TABLE 5.5 ACTIVITY Legally Common Visiting Married Legally Widowed Divorced Not in a Not TOTAL Not in a Union Worked Had a job but did not work Looked for work Wanted work and available Home Duties Attended School Retired Disabled, unable to work Other Not Stated Married Law Union Partner TOTAL 8,844 5,459 4,250 Separated Union 4,652 114 1,119 354 3,645 3,174 991 489 59 87 Stated Source: Population and Housing Census 2001 5.
FEMALES 15 – 64 YEARS AND NUMBER OF CHILDREN BORNE The data in Table 5.6 shows that the mean number of children ever borne or cumulative fertility had decreased during the intercensal period.

This is especially so for women in the younger broad age groups, 15 – 34 years.

The major conclusion that can be drawn from the data is that young women were delaying the births of their first child and consequently were having fewer children.
-91- WOMEN 15 – 64 YRS AND NUMBER OF CHILDREN EVER BORNE 2001 AND 1991 TABLE 5.6 2001 NUM BER OF CHILDREN EVER BORNE 10+ TOTAL 5,617 4,740 4,165 3,654 3,875 3,248 2,314 1,795 1,390 1,424 0 0 0 0 8 35 39 73 121 191 AGE GROUP 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49 50 - 54 55 - 59 60 - 64 TOTAL 10,428 5,101 4,600 3,637 2,813 2,049 1,368 862 571 326 467 32,222 AGE GROUP 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49 50 - 54 55 - 59 60 - 64 TOTAL 1991 NUMBER OF CHILDREN EVER BORNE 10+ TOTAL 3,376 4,690 4,632 3,710 2,730 1,971 1,620 1,522 1,379 1,350 1 9 29 82 174 235 248 232 6,777 4,216 3,884 3,138 769 Source: Population and Housing Census 1991 and 2001 2,335 1,815 1,408 1,079 549 1,010 26,980 -92- The data has also revealed in 1991, 717 children
 (parity 1) were born to women aged 15 – 19.
In 2001 the children ever borne in this age group was significantly reduced to 66.

Similarly for the age group 20 – 24 years, 1,274 children (also parity 1) were born in 1991 compared to 619 in 2001.

The older age groups 25 – 29 and above showed an increase in the number of children ever borne (parity 1) increased by 5.2 percent in 2001, registering 4,436 children compared to 4,216 in 1991.

An increase for parity 2 has also been observed.


In 2001, 3,904 children were recorded for women of parity 2 while in 1991 the total was 3,884, a slight increase of 0.5 percent.

For each of the remaining parities, parity 3 through 10 and over, the numbers have declined in 2001 compared to 1991.
TABLE 5.7 MEAN CHILDREN EVER BORNE BY AGE GROUP OF MOTHER 1991 AND 2001 1991 2001 Age Total Children Mean Total Children Mean Group Women Ever Borne Parity Women Ever Borne Parity 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49 50 - 54 55 - 59 60 - 64 TOTAL Source: Population and Housing Census 1991 and 2001 32,222 43 0.014 0.176 0.456 0.670 0.787 0.851 0.895 0.977 0.899 0.824 7 -93- 6.
POPULATION 15 AND OVER BY GENDER, AGE GROUP AND AGE AT FIRST UNION Table 5.7 shows that generally the majority of persons (55.1 percent) had their first union between ages 20 – 29 years.

In the age group 15 – 19 years, 92 percent started their first union in that age group.

Most of those who are currently in age group 20 – 24 years (52.5 percent) also had their first union while they were in age group 15 – 19 years and 45.6 percent started in their current age group 20 – 24 years.
When the data is disaggregated by sex, it show that females get into relationships at an earlier age than their male counterparts.

For the youngest age group 15 – 19 years, 0.4 percent males of the total male population 15 yeas and over were in a union compared to 2.4 percent females.

For the age group 20 – 24 years, there were 4.1 percent males while that for females was 8.4 percent.
A similar pattern exists for the age group 25 – 29 years where there were 9.3 percent males compared to 11.7 percent females.
-94- Age at First Union Under 15 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49 50 - 54 55 - 59 60 - 64 65 - 69 70 - 74 75 - 79 Age at First Union Under 15 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49 50 - 54 55 - 59 60 - 64 65 - 69 70 - 74 75 - 79 Age at First Union Under 15 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49 50 - 54 55 - 59 60 - 64 65 - 69 70 - 74 75 - 79 TABLE 5.8 POPULATION 15 YEARS AND OVER BY GENDER, AGE GROUP AND AGE AT FIRST UNION 2001 MALE 15 - 19 1 49 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 - 24 4 238 363 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 - 29 7 230 690 443 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - - 49 6 142 428 394 252 156 110 51 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 - 54 1 98 337 338 176 120 85 54 22 0 0 0 0 0 55 - 59 1 71 243 215 128 101 57 37 25 4 0 0 0 0 60 - 64 3 58 248 196 123 84 52 33 22 19 7 0 0 0 65+ TOTAL FEMALE 15 - 19 33 347 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 - 24 32 778 518 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 - 29 31 590 879 344 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - - 49 10 323 445 267 149 111 52 28 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 - 54 9 257 308 200 96 89 43 36 13 0 0 0 0 0 55 - 59 4 210 244 141 75 51 27 22 17 3 0 0 0 0 60
 - 64 7 182 265 121 80 58 33 19 11 6 2 0 0 0 65+ TOTAL TOTAL 15 - 19 34 396 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 - 24 36 1,016 881 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 - 29 38 820 1,569 787 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - -
0 29 872 1,361 1,212 813 266 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 - 49 16 465 873 661 401 267 162 79 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 - 54 10 355 645 538 272 209 128 90 35 0 0 0 0 0 55 - 59 5 281 487 356 203 152 84 59 42 7 0 0 0 0 60 - 64 10 240 513 317 203 142 85 52 33 25 9 0 0 0 430 1,933 3,214 3,893 4,553 4,074 2,924 2,282 1,676 1,629 Source: Population and Housing Census 2001 -95- 65+ TOTAL APPENDIX 1: DESCRIPTION OF CENSUS DIVISIONS DIVISION 1 - KINGSTOWN Comprising all lands and lots of land and the buildings thereon and all roads and ways lying within a line commencing from the point from where the Sion Hill/Arnos Vale Crown Lands boundary meets the sea, along this boundary to the Windward Highway; thence northerly along the Windward Highway to a point on Ronald Llewellyn’s boundary and along a straight line to the junction at Hunte/David Seales boundary with the Dorsetshire Hill road, following the Dorsetshire Hill road to where it meets the Leonard Phillips/Thomas Mascoll boundary; thence in a straight line to Gibson Corner, along the Leeward Highway in a northerly direction to its intersection with the St. George/St.
Andrew Parish boundary and along this boundary to the sea, as the same is set out in the written specification prepared by the Town Boundaries Commissioners appointed on the 14th day of June 1960, approved by the Administrator and by the Legislative Council on the 6th day of October 1960, and lodged in the Surveys Office in the Town of Kingstown.

DIVISION 2 – SUBURBS AND ENVIRONS OF KINGSTOWN From the coastal headland at Cooper’s Bay, along the ridge to Trig.
671 at Rillan Hill, continuing along this ridge to Trig.

899, then to the R.C Church on the Leeward Highway at Rillan, then crossing th ehighway and continuing further east along ridge to Trig.

1955, then to Trig.

2413 at Mt.

St. Andrew peak, then along the St. Andrew/St.


George parish Boundary to the area of the source of the Warrawarrow River, then southward down this river to Fenton, then to Trig 1576 near Hog Hole, then to Miller’s Ridge, continuing to the Queen’s Drive road in the vicinity of Orange Grove, then westward along Queens Drive, to Miller’s Gate, then from Miller’s Gate westward in an imaginary line to Gibson Corner, then south westerly along the Leeward Highway (corner where Baynes Auto.
Mechanic services operates) then south westerly along the Parish Boundary to the coast at Lower Edinboro, then along the coast to the starting point.

CENSUS DIVISION 3 – CALLIAQUA From Mt.
St. Andrew northward along the main ridge, then along the Ponsonby Ridge to the “Kennedy Trail” along this trail pass the Eyry Ridge to its junction with the Vigie Highway, then along the Vigie Highway to its junction with the road to Akers, along the latter road to Crick Corner, thence along the deep gully (Cologne) between Calder and Akers to the Argyle dam, thence along the gully north of New (Rescue) Village to the deep bend and culvert of the Windward Highway to Mile House (opposite Colonel Anderson’s house) to Mt.
Pleasant beach.

-96- DIVISION 4 - MARRIAQUA Comprising the whole of the natural basin from Ponsonby Ridge along the main ridge to Grand Bonhomme, thence to Petit Bonhomme and along the ridge to Maroon Hill, thence along the ridge forming the northern boundaries of Hopewell, Sayers and Argyle Estates to the Estate Roman Catholic Church and the sea.

DIVISION 5 - BRIDGETOWN From east of Argylel, Westward to R.C.
School at Escape, continuing in a westerly direction along the ridge between Yambou and Peruvian Vale, to Hopewell, then along track to the junction of roads (road to Richland Park an road to Greggs), then along the latter road to the ridge between Montreal and Greggs, then along this ridge in a westerly direction to Petit Bonhomme, then north easterly to trig.
1858, then south-easterly down a spur to a tributary of the Union river, then along this river through higher Lowmans, and North Union to the coast and back to starting point.

DIVISION 6 – COLONAIRE From the mouth of the North Union river in a westerly direction along the river through Higher Lowmans, to the source of the river in the mountain, in the vicinity of Trig.

1858, then along the ridge in a south-westerly direction to Petit Bonhomme, then due west to Grand Bonhomme at Trig.
3181, then in a northerly direction to paradise Malone, then continuing in a northerly direction along the Parish Boundary to Trig.

3350, then eastward along the boundary to the source of the Byera river, then eastward along this river to the sea, and back to starting point.
DIVISION 7 – GEORGETOWN From the coast at Byera at the mouth of the Byera River, easterly along this river all the way to its source in the vicinity of the parish boundary along the central ridge, then northward along the parish boundary to the Soufriere mountains (near volcano), then easterly from the source of the Karo River in the mountains to the coast and then back to start.
DIVISION 8 – SANDY BAY From the mouth of the Karo River on the coast in a westerly direction, all the way to its source in the mountains in the vicinity of the parish boundary, then northward along the parish boundary to the coast at West Point near Fancy Village, then along the coast and back to start.
-97- DIVISION 9 - LAYOU From Bambaroo point along ridge north of Rutland Vale Estate, in an easterly direction through Happy Hill to Trig.2694, then continuing along the parish boundary to paradise Malone, then southerly along the central ridge which forms the parish boundary to Grand Bonhomme at Trig.

3181, then further south along the parish boundary to Mt.
St. Andrew at Trig station 2413, then in a westerly direction along a ridge dividing Camden Park from Pembroke, through Trig.1955, and 899 to Rillan Hill at Trig.

671, then to the headland at Coopers Bay, and back to starting point.

DIVISION 10 – BARROUALLIE From the coast at Westwood, eastward along the St. Patrick/St.

David Parish Boundary through Trig.

2520, then to the central ridge, then southward to trig 3350, then to Paradise Malone, then in a westerly direction along the St. Andrew/St.
Patrick Parish Boundary to trig.

2694, then continuing in a westerly direction along the ridge between the Mt.

Wynne river and the Ruthland river, to trig 782 at Happy Hill, and continuing along the ridge further west to the headland and back to start.

DIVISION 11 – CHATEAUBELAIR From the coast at West Point, near Fancy Village, southward along the central ridge along the Parish Boundary to the Soufriere Mountains, then to Mt.

Brisbane trig.

3058 to where the St. Patrick/St.


David Parish Boundary meets the Charlotte (St. David boundary), then westward along the former parish boundary, to the sea at Westwood, along the coast to the starting point.
DIVISION 12 – NORTHERN GRENADINES Comprising Bequia, Battawia, Balliceau, Mustique, Petit Mustique and Savan – that chain of island extending from Bequia to Savan Rock – north of Latitude 120 47’ 48” N. DIVISION 13 – SOUTHERN GRENADINES Comprising Canouan, Mayreau, union Island and Petit St. Vincent – that chain of islands extending from Petit Canouan to Petit St. Vincent – between Latitude 120 47’ 48” N, and altitude 120 32’ 00” N. -98- APPENDIX 2: CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS The declared aim of the census is to determine the number and characteristics of persons to be found in the country on Census Day.
Strictly therefore, this de facto objective implies that the census should cover not only residents of the country, but also non-resident tourists and businessmen temporarily in the country.

It also implies the inclusion of persons who are normally resident in the country, but on Census Day were absent abroad.

There are, however, some departures from the above approach in respect of the treatment of non-residents and the inmates of institutions.
Essentially, only very limited information was collected in these populations and, although they are generally included in the enumerated total, they are excluded from the population used to produce the tabulations.

The types of places which are treated as institutions are listed below, divided in, and omitted from the tabulations.

1.

TOTAL POPULATION Included in tabulations (i) Persons living in Private Households.

(ii) Hostels for nurses.

(iii) Police barracks and stations.


(iv) Persons at work, on vacation or seeking medical treatment out of St Vincent and the Grenadines for less than six (6) months.

Excluded from the tabulations (i) Public hospitals, sanatoria, mental homes, homes for the physically handicapped, leprosaria and nursing homes with more than six bed.

(ii) Alms houses, poor houses, homes for the aged, etc.

(iii) Hotels and guest houses accommodating six or more persons.

(iv) Prisons, reformatories, detention camps, etc.


If an institution contained separate quarters for staff members, caretakers, etc., these were treated as private households.

All foreign residents were excluded from the tabulations.

-99- 2.

HOUSEHOLD 2.1 Private Household A private household consists of one or more persons living together (i.e.

sleeping most nights of a week) and sharing at least one daily meal.
2.2 Non-Private Dwellings/Group Dwellings/Institutions An institution is defined as living quarters in which the occupants live collectively for disciplinary, health, educational, religious, military, work or other reasons.
These institutions have been divided into two major groups: Group A: includes institutions such as hotels and large boarding houses which cater for six (6) or more paying guests, hostels, military barracks, etc., the inhabitants of which like the general non- institutional population, may engage in normal economic activity.

Also included under Group A type institutions are youth camps and juvenile correctional institutions.
Group B: includes hospital and nursing homes, prisons, leprosaria, geriatrics homes and such institutions where inmates, during the period that they are in the institution, will in general not take part in any normal economic activity.

2.3 Population Enumerated for Economic Activity Inmates in institutions falling in Group B are included in the Census for Economic Activity if as at Census Day they would have been inmates in the institutions for less than six months.
This information is to be collected form the household, in which they normally reside.

3.

CENSUS DIVISION (CD) The largest geographical area for which St. Vincent and the Grenadines was divided for the purpose of the census.

-100- 4.

ENUMERATION DISTRICT The smallest geographical area for which data was collected.

5.

HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD In the case of a group of unrelated persons sharing a dwelling on an equal basis, take as head the member of the group who is recognized as such by the others.
A person running a guesthouse or similar establishment that caters for less than six guests is considered the head of that household.

6.

HOUSING 6.1 Undivided Private House This is a single dwelling unit which takes up the complete building: it may be inhabited by one or more households.

6.2 Part of a Private House This occurs when the household occupies only a part of a private house and this could consist of one or more rooms.
6.3 Flat/Apartment/Condominium These are self-contained private dwellings in a single or multi- storeyed building.

Each such dwelling must have separate and direct access to the street or a communal staircase, passage, veranda or gallery etc.

The rooms in this type of dwelling are usually side by side on the same floor.
6.4 Townhouse This type of dwelling is similar to a flat, apartment or condominium except that the rooms are usually on two floors - living quarters on the ground floor and bedrooms above.

This is a self-contained unit (usually in blocks of units) with separate legal ownership.

Sometimes common facilities such as security and grounds may be shared.

-101- 6.5 Double House/Duplex This is a dwelling which is joined to only one other dwelling; separated by a wall extending from ground to roof.
There must be not other dwellings either above or below and the double-house, or duplex, must be separated from all other structures by open space.

6.6 Combined Business and Dwelling In this type of dwelling, the household occupies a part of the building for living purposed while other parts are used as business places, lodges, garages, etc.

6.7 Barracks This is a room or division in a long building containing several independent private dwellings, with or without shared facilities.
6.8 Owned The category applies when the head or any other member of the household owns the dwelling.

6.9 Squatted Applies when the household is found occupying a dwelling unit without the permission of the owner or any legal rights to the property.

6.10 Rented - Private This applies when a member of the household rents the dwelling from an individual or a company.

Rental although it could be covered by a contract conveys the idea of payments being made monthly for occupancy or the dwelling unit.
6.11 Rented – Government This applies if a member of the household rents the dwelling from Government or a Government Agency.

-102- 6.12 Leased A lease differs from a rental by agreed contract which stipulates, in advance, the total rental sum for a fixed duration.

This total sum may be paid in advance or by installments.

6.13 Rent – Free Here no member of the household pays rent for the occupancy of the dwelling.

6.14 Freehold In this type of tenure, the land is owned by a member of the household.
6.15 Leasehold The land is usually owned by the government or some other authority or individual and is leased to a member of the household for a long period of time.

6.16 Rented Her the land is owned by another person or group of persons not of the household and an annual rental is paid to the owner.

6.17 Permission to Work Land In this category, the household does not own the land and pays no rent.
The owner gives permission for the land to be used for a specific reason (usually agricultural) and receives none of the yield.

6.18 Share-Cropping The land is not owned by the household but is used for agricultural purposed.

The owner receives part of the produce as rent.

6.19 Squatted The land is used by the household without permission of the owner or any legal rights to the property.

-103- 6.20 Makeshift Includes any material which is not normally used for housing e.g.

galvanize, cardboard, etc.


Some persons may use an old car/truck, for example, to provide shelter; or live under a bridge or other unconventional dwelling structure.

These persons are to be included in this category.

6.21 Private, Piped into Dwelling Refers to the water supply received by a household from a private source and piped into the dwelling.

Such situations will occur, for example, where the household pumps water from a river or pond through pipes directly into the dwelling unit.
Private Catchment not Piped 6.22 Where the water supply to the household is from a private source and not piped into the dwelling.

6.23 Public, Piped into Dwelling This describes a situation where running water from a public source is piped directly into the dwelling unit.

6.24 Public Piped into Yard In the case, the household receives running water from a public source through a pipe in the yard or compound on which the dwelling stands.
6.25 Public Standpipe Where water is available to the household from a standpipe in the street or elsewhere.

6.26 Public Well or Tank Applies when the water available to the dwelling unit is from a public well or tank.

6.27 W. C. Linked to Sewer Is a flush or water closet which fills from a piped water supply and empties into a sewerage disposal system.

-104- 6.28 W. C. not Linked to Sewer Is waterborne and empties into a septic tank or soak-away.

6.29 Pit Latrine Is not waterborne.


6.30 Rooms A room is defined as an area permanently separated by means of walls from other parts of the dwelling unit; but excludes galleries, toilets, pantries, corridors and kitchens.

Include as rooms, living rooms, bedrooms, dining rooms, sewing rooms, libraries, servant rooms (attached or detached from the main building).

6.31 Bedrooms Bedrooms are rooms used exclusively for sleeping.

There must be some permanency about the walls enclosing the bedrooms.
A dwelling unit which uses a rooms for other activities by day and sleeping by night has “no bedrooms”.

Makeshift arrangements, blinds, etc do not count as rooms.

7.

EXTERNAL MIGRATION This question will give an indication of the level of external migration which the country experienced in the twelve months preceding the census.

Note that the words “to live abroad” are underlined to denote PERMANENT MIGRATION.
A student gone abroad to study for a specific period, or a person seeking medical attention or on vacation (even an extended vacation) is not considered a migrant.

It is accepted that some persons may go abroad for a short period and decide to remain permanently - whether this was originally intended or not.
-105- APPENDIX 3: STRUCTURE OF THE INDIVIDUAL QUESTIONNAIRE The question are divided into seven groups, each having a central theme and given a section number as follows: Section 1: Section 2: Section 3: Section 4: Section 5: Section 6: Section 7: Personal Characteristics Disability Birthplace and residence Education and Training Marital Status, Union Status and Fertility Economic Activity and Income Where spent Census Night -do- -do- -do- (For all persons) ) ( ) ( ( ) (For persons 15 years and over ) (For persons 15 years and over ) (For all persons ) 8.
CHARACTERISTICS This topic, asked of all persons, covers characteristics such as age, marital status and relationship to the head of the household.

Race and religion are also included here.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

Head of household Spouse/Partner Child Son/Daughter-in-law Grandchild Parent/Parent-in-law Other relatives Non-relative 8.1 Ethnic/Racial or National Group The race recorded here was that to which respondents say they belong rather than the impression or opinion of the enumerator.
All persons whose parents are of different races were classified as “mixed”.

The eight (8) categories were used.

8.2 Religion As with race, the religion recorded was that to which the respondents said they adhered to.

-106- 9.

DISABILITY (FOR ALL PERSONS) The purpose of this section was to measure the incidence and type of disability and handicap experienced by members of the population.

From this information, the need for care or the provision of special facilities for the disabled can be gauged.
Organizations dealing with the handicapped have specifically requested that this section be included in the Census.

An illness, disability or infirmity is long-standing, for the purposes of this question.

It is permanent, however, regardless of how long ago it manifested itself.

A broken leg is not a long-standing illness, and diabetes is long-standing even if it was diagnosed only the day before enumeration.

10.
10.

BIRTHPLACE AND RESIDENCE (FOR ALL PERSONS) 10.1 Birthplace Place of birth of the respondent.

It is not the hospital or temporary residence of the mother at the time of the birth, but her place of normal residence at that time.

11.

EDUCATION AND TRAINING (FOR ALL PERSONS) 11.1 Formal Training The training must have been by way of a formal course; and must not have lasted less than three months.

Informal lessons from a friend or neighbor (e.g.


in sewing, hairdressing) do not constitute a formal course.

Similarly, learning to do a job while working at that job (e.g.

learning to drive a tractor, or use a specific machine) is not formal training.

On the other hand, a correspondence course with an examination at the end of it is considered formal training.

-107- 12.

MARITAL STATUS, UNION STATUS AND FERTILITY The questions in this section relate to family formation and population growth.
This information will allow projections of population size and structure as an important input for economic planning.

Questions on marital status and relationship apply to all person 15 years and over, while those relating to fertility are for women 15 – 64 years not attending school.

12.1 Legal Marital Status Persons who are married and whose marriages have not been dissolved by death, divorce or legal separation are to be recorded as married, whether or not they are still living together.
There may be instances where the couple may be living apart but the divorce has not yet been made final.

Such persons must not be considered as “Divorced” but as married or legally separated, as the case may be.

Legally separated will only apply when married persons are living apart and separated by a court order.

13.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AND INCOME (FOR PERSONS 15 YEARS AND OVER) In this section questions were asked to find out if persons are economically active, i.e.
supplying labour for the production of goods and services during the specified reference period viz.

past twelve months and past week.

Usually, work entails the receipt of a wage or salary or some form of payment.

However, there are several types of workers who do not receive payment, such as trainees and apprentices, unpaid helpers and family workers on commercial farms or other enterprises.
In addition, many persons grow agricultural produce or sell the produce of their family farms, while others may do work at home – i.e.

work given by someone else.

For example, smocking, sewing etc.

yet others make articles or prepare food at home for sale; sell nuts, fruits, lottery tickets and other items.

ALL of these activities are considered ‘work’ as are temporary and part-time jobs.
-108- 13.1 Main activity during the past 12 months The main activity is what the person did most during the past twelve- month period.

Please note that the term “most” need not be continuous.

The categories listed are as follows:- 13.2 Worked An individual is classified as having worked if he/she was engaged in the production of goods and services for sale.
Usually working entails the persons receiving a wage, salary or other forms of recompense, but trainees and apprentices whether paid or not, as well as unpaid helpers and family workers on commercial farms and other enterprises are also to be listed as worked.

13.3 Had a job but did not work This category applies to persons who, although they had a job, spent most of the 12 month period away from the job because of illness, injury, vacation or for some other cause.
Also included are persons on temporary layoff or industrial dispute.

13.4 Looked for work The persons must have spent most of the year actively looking for work.

This includes writing letters of application as well as actually visiting work places or houses in search of employment.

13.5 Wanted work and available This category includes persons who are ready and willing to work but did not actively look for work.
13.6 Main activity during the past week This question asked of all persons fifteen years and over, regardless of their main activity in the preceding week i.e.

the week prior to enumeration.

-109- 13.7 Type of work looked for or wanted This question is intended only for those who, in the preceding week, are recorded as ‘looked for work’ or ‘wanted work and available’.
13.8 Type of work (occupation) This question asks for details of the jobs held by those persons who did not work at all or the last job held by persons who had ever worked.

Where the persons has done more than one job the question related to the main job which, in general, will be the one at which he/she spent the most time.

13.9 Type of Business The industry or type of business describes the kinds of economic activity of the establishment in which the persons worked.
13.10 Type of Worker The categories identified on the questionnaire are defined as follows: 1.

Paid employee - Government This a person who works for the Government (either central or local) and receives payment in wages or salary.

2.

Paid employee - Private This person works for a private concern and receives payment in one or more of the following forms: wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates and kind.

3.
3.

Unpaid worker Is a person who works in a business or farm which is run for profit, but who receives no payment in cash.

He/She may be a member of the proprietor’s family, an apprentice or trainee, as long as he/she contributes to the production of goods and services and benefits in some way from its operation.

-110- 4.

Employer A person who operates his/her own economic enterprise or engages independently in business or trade, and hires one or more paid employees.

5.
5.

Own account worker This persons who operates his/her own economic enterprise or engages independently in business or trade, and hires no paid employees.

14.

WHERE SPENT CENSUS NIGHT Census Night refers to the period up to mid-night on June 12th, 2001.

All members of the household enumerated during the preliminary enumeration and found absent on census night either because of death, no longer a member of the household, institutionalized, permanent migration, etc.
must be deleted from the household and entry made in the comments section at the front of the questionnaire.

This does not apply to those persons who because of their work, are away from the household on census night.

Such persons include security personnel, watchmen, nurses, doctors, fisherman, taxi drivers, wardsmaids and other hospital personnel etc.

-111- APPENDIX 5: MAP SHOWING POPULATION BY CENSUS DIVISION ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES CENSUS DIVISIONS/2001 CENSUS -131-