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See Permits rent from/for, 5.122–5.129, 6.120 revenue from, 5.9, Table 4A.2 taxes on exploitation of, 5.54, 5.74, framework, 1.11, 1.34 in gross saving calculation, A7.54 lending minus repayments versus, 4.30 nonresource balances and, 4.59 overall balance and, 4.57 primary balance and, 4.55 Net operating balance as fi scal indicator, 4.18, Table 4A.1 as proxy for distributable income, 5.78, 5.82 5.116 See also Rent; specifi c category of resource Net acquisition of fi nancial assets, 1.34, 3.151, 4.16, 9.5, 9.17, 9.23, Tables 4.1 and 9.1 Net cash outfl ow from investment in nonfi nancial assets, 8.4, Table 4.2 calculation of, 1.33, 3.142, 4.17 compared with SNA concept, 4.18 defi nition of, 4.17–4.18 gross operating balance versus, 4.20 in government fi nance statistics framework, 1.11, 1.33, 1.34, 4.17, Figure, 4.1, Table 4.1 defi nition of, 3.107 estimation methods, 3.112, 3.125 exchange values versus, 3.122–3.123 for stock positions, 3.113–3.114 for transactions, 3.108–3.112, 8.9–8.12 holding gains and, 10.9 in government fi nance statistics framework, 1.29 valuation of assets and liabilities, 7.20–7.33.
See also Valuation of each fi nancial instrument Market regulatory agencies, 2.156–2.159 Materials and supplies, 3.26, 3.91, 3.147, 6.29, 7.79, 8.3, 8.47, Table 7.6 Means test, 5.94, A2.25 Membership dues, 6.42, 6.123, 9.52, A3.79 Memorandum items, balance sheet, 7.234–7.263, Table 7.10 Military bases, 2.9–2.10, 2.13, 7.48 dwellings for personnel, 7.44, 7.47 equipment, 6.49, 7.52 inventories, 7.86, 8.47, Table 7.6 See also Weapons Systems Mineral and energy resources, 3.50, 7.97–7.99, 8.54, A4.35, A7.122 Mineral exploration and evaluation, 6.47, 7.64–7.65, 7.68, 8.37, 8.39, Table 7.5 Monetary and currency unions, 2.17, A5.5, A5.32–A5.35, A5.41–A5.44, Box A5.1 Monetary and Financial Statistics Manual, 1.8, A1.187, A7.5, A7.99–A7.104 Monetary transactions defi nition of, 3.8 exchanges, 3.9 in government fi nance statistics framework, 1.28, 3.64 transfers, 3.10–3.18 436 Index IPSAS surplus/defi cit versus, A6.56 savings in national accounts versus, 4.18, A7.19 Net worth as sustainability indicator, 4.3, 4.39–4.40, 4.54, Table 4A.1 balance sheet calculation, 3.142, 4.39, 7.228–7.333, Figure 7.1, Table 4.4, Table 7.1 defi nition of, 4.39, 7.1, 7.228 in government fi nance statistics gross investment in, 8.4, Table 4A.1 gross presentation of, 3.146 holding gains and losses on, 10.19–10.20 in expenditure, 4.21 in government fi nance statistics framework, 1.33, 1.34, Figure 4.1 inventories, 7.75–7.86, 8.44–8.47 loss of economic value, 10.51 net investment in, 1.34, 4.16, 8.4 net presentation of some categories
 framework, 1.30, 1.33, Figure 4.1 of, 3.146–3.147 IPSASs’ net asset/equity versus, A6.48 of unincorporated enterprises, 7.173, 7.232 own funds versus, 7.231, Figure 7.1 See also Changes in net worth Nominal value arrears measured at, 7.250 as proxy for market values, 7.30 calculation of, 7.21 concessional loans at, 7.246, 9.11 defi nition of, 3.115 face value versus, 3.115 fair value of nonperforming loans versus, 7.263 gross debt at, 7.241 of loans, 7.263 publicly guaranteed debt at, 7.255 Nonfi nancial assets
 accounting identity, 8.2 appearance/disappearance of, 10.48–10.51 categories of, 7.17 characteristics of, 7.17 choice of net or gross presentation, 3.146–3.147 netting of transactions in, 8.19–8.20 nonproduced, 7.90–7.117, 8.49–8.58 time of recording transactions in, 3.88–3.92, 8.13–8.17 types of, 7.17 valuables, 7.87–7.89, 8.48 valuation of, 7.20–7.22, 8.9–8.12 Nonfi nancial corporations economic sector, 2.35, 2.52, Figure 2.1 public sector, 2.114, Figure 2.2 Nonfi nancial public sector, 2.122 Nonlife insurance claims on, 3.46 classifi cation of protection schemes for, 2.132 defi nition, A4.70 general government and public sec- tor as operators or holders, 9.57 insurers, public sector units as, A4.79 life insurance versus, 7.183 policyholders, public sector units as, A4.80 premium, fees, and claims payable related to, 6.125, Table 6.11 premiums and claims as transfers, classifi cation in Statement of Opera- 3.12, 3.14 tions, 4.25 classifi cation of, 7.34, 8.3–8.4, 8.21–8.23, Table 7.2, Table 8.1.
See also each category of non- fi nancial assets consolidated statistical presentation, 3.162 premiums, fees, and claims receiv- able related to, 5.6, 5.149–5.151, Table 5.12 service fees, 6.52 social security versus, Figure A2.1 statistical treatment of, A4.78–A4.80 technical reserves, 7.178, 7.183–7.186, defi nition of, 3.19 diff erence in treatment in SNA of, Box A7.1 economic signifi cance of, 3.19 in government fi nance statistics framework, 1.28, 3.64 internal, 3.26 two-party, 3.21–3.25 types of, 3.20 Nonperforming loans, 7.262–7.263 Nonproduced assets classifi cation of, 3.50, 4.25, 7.17, 7.90–7.117, 8.49–8.57 costs of ownership transfer, 8.7, 8.42, 10.83, Figure 8.1 defi nition of, 7.19 economic benefi ts of, 7.7 in government fi nance statistics framework, 4.25, Table 4.2, Table 4.3 intangible, 7.104–7.117, 8.56–8.58 land, 7.92–7.96, 8.50–8.53 mineral and energy resources, 7.97–7.99, 8.54 other naturally occurring assets, 7.101–7.103, 8.55 ownership, 7.90–7.91 types of, 7.90.
See also specifi c type valuation of transactions in, 8.11 Nonprofi t institutional units accountable to two levels of govern- ment, 2.79, Box 2.1 as market or nonmarket producers, 2.37 as public corporations, 2.112 control of, Box 2.1 corporations versus, 2.32 defi ning characteristics of, 2.36–2.37 defi nition, 2.36 in fi nancial corporations sector, 2.53, 2.57 in general government sector, 1.2, 2.58, 2.64, 2.83 in nonfi nancial corporations sector, 2.52 relation to sectors of the economy, costs of ownership transfer, 6.60, 9.58–9.61, 10.35 Figure 2.1 8.6–8.8 Nonmarket producers, 2.37, 2.43, 2.65, See also Nonprofi t institutions serv- defi nition of, 7.17 fi xed, 7.35–7.74, 8.24–8.43 goods and services expenses versus 3.129 2.70, 2.75, 2.124 ing households Nonmarketable fi nancial instruments, Nonprofi t institutions serving house- holds, 2.61, 6.86, Figures 2.1, 2.2, and 2.4 acquisition of, 6.43–6.49 Nonmonetary transactions Nonresource appearance or disappearance of on income, profi ts, and capital net lending/net borrowing, 4.59, assets recorded as, 10.48–10.56 gains, 5.42, Table 5.2 Table 4A.2 changes in classifi cation, 3.97, on international trade and transac- Index 437 operating balance, Table 4A.2 primary net lending/net borrowing, Table 4A.2 primary operating balance, Table 4A.2 Notional resident unit, 2.13, 7.169, A4.26 O Obsolescence, 3.125, 6.53, 6.56, 10.8, 10.66, A6.54 Off -market swap, 7.162, A3.67–A3.71 Off shore fi nancial operations, 2.11 One-off guarantees, 7.253–7.260, Fig- ure 7.2,
 Tables 4.6 and 7.10 bailouts and, A3.52 fi nancial assets/liabilities versus, 7.207, 7.251 IPSASs’ treatment of, A6.21, Box A6.1 standardized guarantees versus, 7.201, A4.80 On-lending of borrowed funds, A3.72–A3.78, Table A3.1 Operating leases, 3.90, 7.108, 8.57, A4.4, A4.6–A4.9, A4.37, Table 7.8 fi nancial lease versus, 6.50, A4.12 leases as assets versus, A4.54–A4.56 rent versus, 5.131–5.132 Option contracts, 7.209–7.211 Other accounts receivable/payable, 3 as debt instruments, 7.236, 7.243 classifi cation
 of, 7.224–7.227, 9.3, 9.82–9.84 consolidation of, 3.163 defi nition, 7.224 holding gains and losses, 10.23 in government fi nance statistics framework, 4.28, Table 4A.1 other volume changes in, 10.84 recorded by collecting agents, 5.38, 5.40 10.76–10.84 classifi cation codes, A8.3, Table A8.3 defi nition of, 3.35, 10.1 external events recorded as, 10.59–10.62 tions, 5.92, Table 5.5 on production, 2.74, A7.41, Table A7.3 on use of goods and permission to use goods or perform activities, 5.81, Table 5.4 in fi nancial instruments, 10.71–10.75 in fi xed assets, 10.64–10.68 in government fi nance statistics framework, 4.10, A7.70, Table 4.3 Other volume changes not elsewhere classifi ed, 10.63–10.76 Overall defi cit/surplus, 1.32–1.34 Overall fi scal balance, 1.34, 4.29, 4.57, in inventory, 10.70 in Statement of Other Economic Flows, 4.38 net presentation of, 3.149 reclassifi cations, 3.97, 10.76–10.84 time of recording, 3.101, 10.47 types of, 10.46 valuation of, 3.128–3.129 volume changes not elsewhere clas- 7.124, Table 4A.2 Overall primary balance, Table 4A.2 Own-account capital formation in government fi nance statistics framework, 1.22, 1.24 market producer evaluation and, 2.73 recorded as acquisition of nonfi nan- cial asset, 6.6, 6.9, 6.12, 6.27, 6.43, Table 8.1 sifi ed, 10.63–10.75 Ownership Other current transfers not elsewhere classifi ed described, 5.147, Table 5.11 Other economic fl ows classifi cation of changes in net worth due to, 10.2–10.4, Table
 10.1, Table 10.2 defi nition of, 3.31 in government fi nance statistics framework, 1.15–1.16, 1.20, 4.8, 4.14, Figure 4.1 IPSASs value changes versus, A6.31–A6.33, Box A6.1 recording eff ects of, 3.55 time of recording, 3.98–3.102 transactions versus, 3.31 types of, 3.32, 10.1 valuation of, 3.126–3.129 See also Holding gains and losses; Other changes in volume of assets/liabilities; Statement of Other Economic Flows as feature of institutional units, 2.22 asset boundary and, 7.5–7.13 costs of transfer of,
 6.60, 8.6–8.8, 8.42, Figure 8.1 economic, 3.38, 3.39, 7.5, A4.4 government claims of, 3.40 in classifi cation of leases, A4.4 in public-private partnerships, A4.61–A4.63, Box A4.4, Box A4.5 legal, 3.38, 7.5, A4.4 nonresident, 2.13 of corporations, versus control, 2.32, Box 2.2 of government units, 2.47, 2.79 of immovable assets, 2.13 of nonproduced assets, 7.90–7.91 of nonprofi t institutional units, versus control, Box 2.1 transformation of assets in transfer of, 3.41 Own funds as indicator of net worth of public corporations, 4.40, 7.229 as proxy for market value of equity, 7.173, 7.232–7.233 bonus shares as reclassifi cation of, 5.111 defi nition of, 7.231 shares and other equity versus, 7.231, Figure 7.1 time of recording, 3.56, 3.63, 3.66, 3.72, 3.94–3.96, 3.118, 4.16, 5.13, 6.10 use in overestimated revenue cor- Other revenue, 4.23, 5.3, 5.6, 5.106.
See also each category of other revenue Other taxes, 5.93 rections, 5.20 valuation of, 7.30, 9.10 Other changes in volume of assets/ liabilities classifi cation in 2008 SNA versus government fi nance statistics, 5.25 on goods and services, 5.55, 5.82 as assets, A4.3, 7.106, A4.46–A4.47, A4.54–A4.55, Table 7.8 boundary with administrative fees, recording transactions in, issued by government, A4.42–A4.45, Box A4.2 rent versus, 5.124–5.130 to undertake certain activities, 7.110, A4.41–A4.52 to use environmental assets, A7.127 to use goods or perform activities, 5.72, 5.81 to use natural resources as sinks, A4.48–A4.50 to use natural resources, 7.109, A4.18–A4.35, A4.54–A4.55, Figure A4.1 Perpetual inventory method, 7.32, 7.45, Box 6.1 Personal attributes as assets, 3.43 Policy lending, 4.29–4.30, 4.57, 7.124, Box 4.1, Table 4A.2 Political parties, 2.61 Poll taxes, 5.93 Pollution emissions permits, A4.48–A4.50 environmental protection and, autonomous versus nonautonomous, Permits A2.17, A2.24, A2.42–A2.53 boundary with social security, classifi cation, 2.147, A2.18, 7.191, 5.73–75, 5.138, 7.111 438 Index P Partitioning of transactions, 3.11, 3.29, 3.118, 3.124, A7.29, Table A7.1 Partnerships, 2.32, 2.141, 7.169.
Table A2.1 See also Joint ventures; Public- private partnerships A2.41–A2.43 Payroll taxes, 5.23, 5.25, 5.45, 5.76, 5.96 Pension entitlements compulsory versus voluntary, A2.17 consolidated statistical presentation, assumption of, 5.148, 6.124, 9.66–9.67, 3.164 A2.60–A2.63 changes in classifi cation of, 10.84 classifi cation of, 7.189–7.198, 9.63–9.67 defi nition of, 7.190 holding gains or losses on liabilities for, 10.36–10.41 in calculation of distributable contributions to employment- related, 6.19–6.26 contributory versus noncontribu- tory, A2.17 defi ned-benefi t, 6.116–6.117, 7.191, 9.64, 10.36–10.41, 10.72–10.73, A2.54 defi ned-contribution versus defi ned income, 5.116 benefi t, A2.17 in government fi nance statistics framework, 2.102 other changes in volume of assets for, 10.72–10.74 property expense attributed to, 6.113 sources of changes in, A2.54 treatment in 2008 SNA versus gov- ernment fi nance statistics, 5.95, 6.97 valuation, 7.197 Pension funds administrators, A2.48–A2.51 as fi nancial corporations sector, 2.53–2.55, 2.115, A2.43, A2.47–A2.52 as fi nancial intermediaries, 2.54–2.55 as public fi nancial corporations, 2.102 claims of, on pension manager, 7.196, 7.199–7.200, 9.68, A2.50 cost of operations, 5.140, A2.58 employers’ contributions to, 6.19–6.21, 6.25 expense recorded to attribute income, 6.113, 6.116–6.118 large one-off transfers from govern- ment to, 9.66–9.67, A2.60–A2.63 net worth of, 7.230 provident funds versus, 2.150 social security contributions versus contributions to, 5.95
 Pension schemes defi ned-contribution, 6.116, 6.118, 7.191, 9.65, 10.74, A2.55–A2.59 employment-related, A2.22–A2.24, A2.41–A2.59 excluded from social security funds, 2.102 funded versus unfunded, 5.95, 7.193, A2.17, A2.24 holding gains and losses of, 10.41 imputed sale for services of operator of, 5.140 in government fi nance statistics A7.107, A7.119 framework, A7.21 net worth of, 7.230 other changes in the volume of, 10.72–10.74 subsidies to reduce, 6.90 taxes on, 5.81, Table 5.4 Preferred stocks or shares, 7.143, 7.150, 7.166 other economic fl ows of, 10.38– Premium, fees, and claims payable 10.40 reclassifi cation of, 10.84 recording fl ows related to employment-related, A2.41–A2.63, Table A2.3 reserves for, 7.179, 7.189 social security schemes versus, 2.102, 4.48, 4.50, 5.95, 6.106, 7.194, A2.5–A2.7 treatment in 2008 SNA versus gov- ernment fi nance statistics, 1.22, 4.19, 5.95 types of, 6.116, 7.191, A2.42 valuation of liabilities of, 7.181, 7.197–7.198, A2.57–A2.58 related to nonlife insurance and standardized guarantee schemes, 6.125, Table 6.11 Premium, fees, and claims receivable related to nonlife insurance and standardized guarantee schemes, 5.149–5.151, Table 5.12 Present value of future returns, 7.33 Prices, economically signifi cant, 2.66–2.68.
See also Economically signifi cant prices Primary balance, 4.55, A5.40, A6.40, Table 4A.1 Prison buildings, 7.47 Private corporations as general government liability, See also Pension entitlements; Pension 7.179, 9.57, 9.63 funds as market producers, 2.68 distinguishing head offi ces of, 2.128 holding companies, 2.128 joint ventures with public sector units, 2.140–2.143 nationalization of, 9.55 nonresident government controlled corporations, 2.14, 2.111 receiving aid from government, 2.114 relation to other sectors of the changes in net worth of, 4.40 characteristics of, 2.35, 2.48, 2.104–2.105 classifi cation of equity transactions in, 9.47–9.51, Box 6.3 classifi cation of revenue from sales of goods and services by, 5.137 classifi cation of equity of, 7.15, economy, Figure 2.1, Figure 2.2 7.165–7.173, 7.232 subsidies to, 6.84, 6.87 See also Public-private partnerships Private fi nance initiative, 7.39, A4.58 Privatization, 4.57, 9.53–9.54 Produced assets, 3.50, 4.16, 5.125, 5.131, 7.17–7.18, 7.34 Production account, 6.53, A7.24–A7.30, Figure A7.1 Production costs, 2.37, 2.69, 2.73–2.74 Professional and trade associations, 2.37, 2.61 Property expense defi nition of, 6.108 for dividends, 6.109–6.110 for investment income disburse- ments, 6.113–6.119, 10.36 for reinvested earnings on foreign direct investment, 6.121 for rent, 6.120 for withdrawals from income of consolidated statistical presentation, 3.153, 5.42 control of, 2.35, 2.107–2.112, Box 2.2 coverage of government fi nance statistics framework, 1.2,
 1.4, 2.1, 2.4, 4.7 decision tree for classifi cation of subsector entities, 2.124, Figure 2.4 detailed classifi cation of counter- party information, Table 3.1 dividends of, 5.111–5117, 6.109–6.110 economic sector classifi cation of, 2.59, 2.64, 2.104 economic signifi cance of, 2.104–2.105 evaluating economically signifi cant prices of, 2.66–2.75 identifi cation of, 2.64–2.75 in fi nancial corporations sector, 2.57 in nonfi nancial corporations sector, quasi-corporations, 6.111–6.112 2.52 forms of, 6.108 See
 also specifi c type Property income defi nition of, 5.107 forms of, 5.107, Table 5.8 from dividends, 5.111–5.117 from interest, 5.108–5.110 from investment income disburse- ments, 5.120–5.121 from reinvested earnings on foreign direct investment, 5.134–5.135 from rent, 5.122–5.133 from withdrawn from income of quasi-corporations, 5.118–5.119 See also specifi c type Property sales as exchange type of transaction, 3.9 Property taxes, 3.84, 5.46–5.54, 5.77 Provident funds, 2.148–2.151 Public corporations as instruments of public or fi scal policy, 2.104 monopoly powers of, 6.63 net worth of, 7.229, 7.232–7.233, 10.33 nonprofi t institutions as, 2.37, 5.67 privatization of, 9.53 purposes of, 2.105 quasi-fi scal operations of, 2.4, 2.104 reclassifi cation of, 10.77, 10.84 residence of, 2.14 restructuring of share distribution, 9.51 revenue source of, 5.1 subscriptions of, 6.42 subsector components, 2.104 subsidies, 5.146, 6.87 taxes collected by, 5.38 taxes payable by, 5.42 transfer, 3.10, 5.148, 6.124 types of, 2.113–2.121 Index 439 Public policy-related assets and liabili- ties, 4.29–4.30, 4.57, Box 4.1 Public-private partnerships alternative names for, A4.58 contractual relationships in, 2.140, A4.60 defi nition of, A4.58 economic ownership in, 3.40, 7.39, A4.61–A4.63, Box A4.4, Box A4.5 ownership of fi xed assets built under, 7.39 reasons for, A4.58–A4.59 statistical treatment of, A4.64–A4.65 Public sector accounting standards, 1.35, A6.1– A6.56 consolidated statistical
 presentation, 3.153–3.156, 3.164 coverage of government fi nance sta- tistics framework, 1.2, 1.4, 1.26, 2.1, 2.4, 4.7 decision tree for classifi cation of entities in, 2.124, Figure 2.4 defi nition of, 1.2, 2.63 fi nancial corporations subsector, 2.115–2.121 groupings of institutional units, 2.122–2.123, Figure 2.2 institutional units of, 2.63 main components of, 2.63, Figure 2.3 nonfi nancial corporations subsec- tor, 2.114 relation to other institutional sec- tors, 2.62, Figure 2.2 scope of government fi
 nance sta- tistics framework for reporting on, 1.26 subsector of, 2.63, Figure 2.3 uses of government fi nance statis- tics framework in analysis of, 1.10–1.12 See also Public Corporations Public Sector Debt Statistics: A Guide for Compilers and Users, 1.8 Purchase of goods and services accrual recording versus cash recording, 4.35 Publicly guaranteed debt, 7.254–7.260, as exchange type of transaction, Figure 7.2, Table 4.6, Table 7.10 3.4, 3.9 Public monuments, 7.42–7.43, 7.47–7.48, 8.30, 10.50 change in inventory and, 6.6, 6.29, Table 6.3 440 Index distributed without transformation, 6.40, 6.27 valuation of, 6.41 See also Use of goods and services Q Quasi-corporations as public corporations, 2.112 central government, 2.88 classifi cation of equity transactions in, 9.47–9.50 classifi cation of, equity of, 7.165–7.169 defi nition of, 2.33 enterprises as, 2.25 establishments as, 2.24, 2.75 identifying, 2.34, 2.125–2.127 local government, 2.98 nationalization of, 9.55 net worth of, 7.173, 7.229, 7.232 privatization of, 9.53 state government, 2.94 time of recording withdrawals from, 3.87 defi nition, A5.1 delineation of general government sectors in member states of, A5.42 economic unions, A5.5, A5.19–A5.31 harmonization for government fi nance statistics, A5.41–A5.44, Box A5.1 implications for government fi nance statistics, A5.1, A5.3, A5.36–A5.40 monetary and currency unions, A5.5, A5.32–A5.35 organizations, 2.17–2.19, A5.2 purpose of, A5.2 regional enterprises and,
 2.20 supranational authorities, 2.18 time of recording economic fl ows in, A5.43 types of, A5.5 types of, 5.125 use of goods and services versus, 6.51 Rental of fi xed assets, 6.50, 7.108 of produced assets, 5.131–5.132, 5.137, 5.141, A4.6–A4.9 receivable by notional resident units, 2.13 Replacement cost, 3.115, 7.31–7.32, 7.36, 10.14, A6.25 Reporting periods, 3.52 Repos (repurchase agreement), 7.140, 7.157, 7.159, 9.46 Rerouting of transactions, 2.131, 3.28, 5.68, A2.51 Rescheduling, debt, 9.26, A3.5,
 A3.10–A3.13 Research and development, 6.46, 7.64, Regulatory agencies, 2.156–2.159 Reimbursement of job-related expenses, 6.15, 6.35–6.36 Reimbursement of social security benefi ts, 6.101, A7.59 7.66–7.67, 8.38, Table 7.5 Research institutions, 2.37, 2.61 Reserve tranche, IMF, A3.82, A3.84–A3.85, A3.89 Residence transfers to, 6.98, 6.91, 6.123, 6.124, Reinvested earnings, 5.134–135, 6.121, classifi cation of transactions in 9.49, Box 6.3 10.34 withdrawals from income of, Relief and aid agencies, 2.61, 6.38, 5.118–5.119, 6.108, 6.111–6.112, 9.49 Quasi-fi scal activities, 2.137, 3.10, 4.7, 7.170 7.252 Religious organizations, 2.61, 5.39–5.40 Remuneration in kind, 3.21, 3.23, 5.108, 6.17–6.18, 6.35, 9.3 Quasi-fi scal operations, 2.4, 2.104, Rent Table 4A.2 R Radio spectrum, 7.19, A4.4, A4.23–A4.25, A4.38, Table 7.7 Reassignment of transactions, 3.30 Reclassifi cation of assets or liabilities, 3.101–3.102, 10.50, 10.80–10.84 of institutional unit, 10.76–10.79 Recurrent taxes, 5.49–5.50, 5.53, 5.77, A7.119 Refi nancing, A3.5, A3.14–A3.19 Refunds/recoveries of overpayments, 3.59, 3.104, 3.110, 3.143, 3.145, 5.7, 5.27, 6.4 Regional arrangements central bank of, 2.21 classifi cation of fi nancial positions asset sale versus, 5.78, A4.21, Box A4.1 defi nition of, 5.122, 6.120 environmental-economic account- ing, A7.122 excluded payments, 5.124 land taxes and, 5.128 on land, 5.126–5.128, A4.26–A4.27 on subsoil assets, 5.129–5.130, 7.99 permits to use natural resources,
 7.109, A4.19–A4.35, Figure A4.1 radio spectrum, A4.23–A2.25 receivable by notional resident units, 2.13 recording income from, 5.123 rental of produced assets versus, 5.131–5.132, 7.96 resource lease, A4.16–A4.17 resource revenue and, 5.122, in member states and, 2.19 Table 4A.2 fi nancial assets and liabilities by, 4.44, 7.120, 9.24–9.25, 9.85–9.87, Table 7.9, Table 9.1, Table 9.2 defi nition of, 2.7 in economic union, A5.24–A5.25 notional resident units, 2.13 of currency union central banks, 2.21 of
 general government units, 2.14 of institutional units, 2.12 of international organizations, 2.16–2.21 of public corporations, 2.14 of regional enterprises, 2.20 of special or legal zones, 2.11 of special purpose entities, 2.15, 2.138 of territorial enclaves, 2.10 signifi cance of concept of, 2.6 to determine economic territory, 2.2, 2.7–2.9, 2.124 Resident artifi cial subsidiaries of gov- ernment, 2.42–2.44, 2.162 Resource expense/revenue, Table 4A.2 Resource leases, 5.122, 6.120, 7.99, A4.4, A4.16–A4.17, A4.37 Restructuring agencies, 2.129–2.131, A3.46 Revenue customs unions, A5.5, A5.6–A5.18 debt measurement in, A5.44 taxes versus, 5.54, 5.133 time or recording 3.89, 5.123, 6.120 accounting rules for recording, 3.55, 3.61–3.68, 5.10, 5.11 attribution, 5.33–5.40 classifi cation of, 1.21, 5.21–5.22, Table 5.1, Table A8.1.
See also specifi c type defi nition of, 4.16, 4.23, 5.1 estimating, 3.78–3.80, 5.17–5.20 fi scal analysis, 5.9 for common budget of economic unions, A5.26–A5.28 gross versus net presentation of, 3.144–3.145, 3.147 in government fi nance statistics framework, 1.2, 1.15, 1.33, 4.16, 4.53, Figure 4.1 other, 5.6, 5.106 refunds, 3.59, 3.104, 3.110, 3.143, 3.145, 5.7, 5.7, 5.27 Revenue Statistics, 5.26 time of recording and measurement asset-backed, 7.151 classifi cation of, 7.143–7.153, 9.36–9.43 consolidation of, 3.163, 3.165, 9.19 defi nition of, 7.119 embedded derivatives, 6.79 equity, 7.166, 7.168 grace periods of, 6.69 gross presentation of, 3.150 in policy lending, 4.30 index-linked, 6.75, 7.153 lending, 7.160 negotiability of, 7.119 repurchase agreement, 7.159 step-up interest of, 6.70 stripped, 7.152 taxes on, 5.61 time of recording transactions in, 3.93, 3.96, 9.13–9.16 of, 3.77–3.88, 5.10–5.16 types of, 7.143–7.153.
See also transactions excluded from record- specifi c types Index 441 scope of, 2.147, A2.5–A2.6 social insurance versus, Figure A2.1 types of, 6.102–6.103 Social benefi ts as transfer payment expense, A2.9 classifi cation of expense for, 4.24, 6.16, 6.98, A2.4, Table 6.8.
See also specifi c types defi nition of, 6.96, A2.4 delivery methods, cash versus in kind, A2.8 employment-related, 6.104–6.106 goods and services distributed as, 6.39–6.40 nonpension, A2.7 private insurance versus, A2.11–A2.16 purpose of, 6.96 social assistance, 6.101–6.102 transfers not eligible for classifi ca- tion as, 6.97, A2.10 See also Social assistance benefi ts; Social security benefi ts Social contributions See also specifi c type of sales tions in, 3.88–3.92 ing as, 5.8 types of, 4.23, 5.1.
See also specifi c type S Sales of goods and services, 2.75, 3.144, 3.162, 5.1, 5.6, 5.136–5.141, 8.47, A2.58, A4.9, A7.123 taxes on use of goods versus, 5.73–5.75 Sales taxes, 5.55, 5.59 School buildings, 7.47 Schools, 2.37, 2.114, 5.139, 5.148, 7.11, 7.47 Sector classifi cation/Sectorization bailout operations and, A3.45– A3.46, 2.125–2.162 consistency/inconsistency of, A7.6, A7.9, A7.99, A7.103 general government, 2.64.
See also General government sector harmonization of, in regional arrangements, A5.42 of special purpose entities, 2.136– 2.139, A3.54 practical application of principles, 2.125–2.162 public sector, 2.63.
See also Public sector use of decision tree for, 2.124 Securities as fi nancial instrument, 4.28 valuation 3.111, 3.113–3.115, 3.117, 7.26–7.27, 7.122, 7.154–7.156, 9.8, 9.9 Securitization, debt arising from, 7.151, A3.59–A3.66 Seizure of assets, uncompensated, 3.31, as revenue, 4.23, 5.4 as transfer transactions, 3.10, 3.14 classifi cation of, 4.23, 5.94–5.95, 8.52, 9.55, 10.62, A4.29 Table 5.6 Self-employment, 6.33 Services, time of recording transac- Severance payments to employees, 6.16, 6.104 Severance taxes, 5.133 Shared assets, A4.36–A4.40 Shell companies, 2.15 Sinking funds, 2.144–2.146 Social assistance defi nition of, 6.101, A2.25 eligibility to receive, 6.101, A2.25–A2.26 defi nition of, 5.4, 5.94, A2.4 employers’, as expense, 6.19–6.26 fi scal burden of, 4.55, Table 4A.1 imputed, 5.100, 6.25–6.26, 6.105 taxes versus, 5.96 time of recording and measurement of, 3.77–3.82, 5.17–5.20 to social insurance schemes, 5.98–5.100 to social security schemes, 5.97 transactions not eligible for clas- sifi cation as, 5.95 voluntary and compulsory, 5.94, government reimbursement to cor- porations for provision of, A2.28 5.96, A2.16–A2.17 Social insurance schemes in kind, 6.39, A2.27 in typology of social protection arrangements, A2.18, A2.20, Figure A2.2 liability for future payments of, A2.29 payable tax credits as, 5.31 purpose of, A2.25 recording of fl ows related to, 3.10, 6.101–6.102, A2.27–A2.29, Table A2.1 contributions and benefi ts, 5.4, 5.94, 5.98, 6.1, 6.19, A2.15, A2.31 defi ned-contribution versus defi
 ned-benefi t, A2.17, A2.21, A2.54–A2.59 defi nition of, 2.101, A2.30 eligibility to participate in, 2.101, A2.30 employee contributions as revenue, 5.99 442 Index employers’ contributions as expense, 6.19–6.26 employers’ contributions as revenue, 5.99–5.100 employment-related, A2.22–A2.24, A2.40–A2.58, A2.64–A2.66, Table A2.3, Table A2.4 funded versus unfunded, A2.17 imputed contributions to, 5.100 in typology of social protec- tion arrangements, A2.18, A2.20–A2.23, A2.32, Figure A2.2 individual insurance
 versus, Figure A2.1 noncontributory, 6.26 programs covered by, 2.101 purpose of, A2.14, A2.30 See also Pension schemes, employment-related Social protection arrangements benefi ts as transfer transactions, 3.10, 3.14, 3.17, 6.99–6.100 benefi ts in kind, 6.100, A2.37 classifi cation of fl ows related to, A2.34–A2.39, Table A2.2 classifi cation of liabilities of, 7.194 compulsory versus voluntary, A2.16 contributions, 5.97, 6.19–6.26, A2.36 defi ning characteristics of, 2.136 equity of, 7.170 functions of, 2.137 nonresident foreign direct invest- ment of, 5.134 recording of fl ows and stock posi- tions, 2.138–2.139 residence of, 2.15, 2.138–2.139 sector classifi cation of, 2.137–2.139 defi nition of, A2.33 fund, 2.58, 2.62, 2.78, 2.100, 9.67, A2.34–A2.35, Figure 2.3 in typology of social protection Sports clubs, 2.61, 2.97, 6.17, 7.48 Sports players, A4.51 Stamp taxes, 5.93 Standardized guarantee schemes arrangements, A2.22, Figure A2.2 as debt instrument, 7.236, 7.243, net implicit obligations for future benefi ts, 4.13, 4.15, 4.47–4.48, 4.50, 7.13, 7.261, A2.39, Table 4.6 pensions provided by, 2.147 presentation of statistics by level of government, 2.78 7.253, Figure 7.2 classifi cation of transfers in, A4.72 classifi cation of, 7.178, 7.201–7.202 conceptual basis of, A4.71 consolidation of, 3.164 defi nition of, 7.201, A4.71 fi nancial protection schemes pro- vided by, 2.135 administrative arrangements, A2.4 as institutional units, 2.46, 2.62, provident funds versus,
 2.149–2.151 reporting contingent liabilities, 1.18, 2.100–2.103 A2.38–A2.39 guarantee holders, public sector autonomous versus nonautono- mous, A2.17 benefi ciaries, population versus employees, A2.17 benefi ts to households, A2.3, A2.8 benefi ts/contributions as transfer transactions, 3.10 classifi cation criteria for, A2.17 compulsory versus voluntary, A2.17 contributory versus noncontribu- tory, A2.17 defi ned contribution versus defi ned benefi t, A2.17 funded versus unfunded, A2.17 nature of, A2.3
 pension versus nonpension, A2.17 private insurance and, A2.11–A2.16, rerouting of transactions of, 3.28 scheme, 2.101–2.102 social insurance schemes and, A2.32, Figure A2.1 tax on payroll versus, 5.23, 5.45 unilateral changes in, 4.49 See also Social contributions; Social insurance; Summary Statement of Explicit Continent Liabilities and Net Obligations for Future Social Security Benefi ts Social spending, Table 4A.1 Sovereign statistics, 2.123 Sovereign wealth funds, 2.152–2.155 Special Drawing Rights, A3.82, A3.87 as debt instrument, 7.236, 7.243 classifi cation as foreign currency, Figure A2.1 purpose of, A2.1 types of, 6.98, A2.5–A2.7 typology of, A2.18–A2.24, Figure A2.2 3.136 classifi cation of, 7.131–7.134, 9.31–9.32, A3.91–A3.95 creation or extinction of, 10.58 holding gains and losses on, units as, A4.80 guarantors, public sector units as, A4.79 holding gains and losses, 10.35 premium, fees, and claims payable related to, 6.107, 6.125, Table 6.11 premiums, fees, and claims receivable related to, 5.6, 5.149–5.151, Table 5.12 property expense for invest- ment income disbursement, 6.113–6.115 providers of, A4.72 provisions for calls under, 3.49, 7.201–7.202, 9.57, 9.69, 10.75 recording of fl ows and stock posi- tions, A4.78–A4.80 terminology of, A4.73–A4.77 types of insurance, A4.68–A4.72 valuation of, 7.122, 7.180–7.181 See also Insurance, pension, and standardized guarantee schemes Social risks, 2.46, 5.4, 6.96, A2.1 Social security schemes accounting rules,
 3.144–3.145, 3.161 as general government subsector, 2.78, 2.100–2.103, A2.34 as social benefi ts expense, 6.99–6.100 10.21–10.22 State government unit of account, 3.1307.134 authorities and responsibilities of, Special purpose entities 2.91 artifi cial subsidiaries of government as, 2.43 as institutional units, 2.137–2.138 classifying debt of, A3.54–A3.58 characteristics of, 2.90 defi nition of, 2.90 institutional units of, 2.80–2.83, 2.91–2.94 Index 443 institutional units subject to dual control, 2.79,
 2.99 international comparison of data for, 2.77 purpose of, 4.36 Statement of Total Changes in Net Worth and, 1.18, 4.46 valuation of fl ows in, 3.107 Structural balances, 4.58, A5.40, Table 4A.2 Structural primary balances, Table 4A.2 Subscription fees, 2.37, 2.53, 6.42, relation to other institutional sec- tors, Figure 2.2, Figure 2.3 Statement of Sources and Uses of Cash cash basis of recording in, 3.67, 6.123, 9.52, A3.82 Subsidies Statement of Operations 3.103, 4.34 accrual reporting of, 3.64, 3.107 analytic balances of, 4.17–4.20 classifi cation of transactions in, 4.22, Table 4.1 components of, 4.16, 4.22, Table 4.1 defi nition and purpose of, 3.64, 4.9 expense recorded in, 4.24, 6.6 fi nancing transactions recorded in, 4.26–4.31 classifi cation of cash fl ows in, 4.32, Table 4.2 government borrowing in, 3.105 implementation of government fi nance statistics framework, 1.15, 1.38 in structure of analytic framework, 4.8 purpose of, 1.15, 3.68, 3.103, 4.32 recording of consumption of fi xed fi scal indicators derived in, capital, 6.61 as transfer transactions, 3.10, 3.17, 6.85 capital transfers versus, 9.49 central bank interest rate policies as, 5.26, 5.70, 6.89, Box 6.2 classifi cation of, as expense, 1.23, 4.24, 6.84–6.91, Table 6.6 classifi cation of, as revenue, 5.146, Table 5.11 defi nition of, 5.146, 6.84 environmental, A7.130–A7.134 expense incurred by non-government 4.17–4.21, 4.53 recording of expense transactions, unit, 6.84 Statement of Total Changes in Net
 framework, 1.23 Worth losses of government trading orga- implementation of governments 3.104, 6.7 fi nance statistics framework, 1.38 in analytic framework of GFSM recording of grants in kind, 6.95 recording of purchase of goods and 2014, 1.15, A7.18 services, 6.31 in structure of analytic framework, 4.8, Figure 4.1 IPSASs statements versus, A6.37 purpose of, 1.15 revenue recorded in, 4.23, 5.10 Statement of Sources and Uses of Cash and, 4.12, 4.35 Statement of Total Changes in Net Worth and, 1.18, 4.46
 System of National Accounts and, recording of revenue in, 3.104, 5.11 Statement of Operations and, 3.106, 4.12, 4.35 valuation in, 3.107 defi nition and purpose of, 4.14, 4.46 in analytic framework of GFSM 2014, 1.18, 4.13, Table 4.5 Statistical units, 2.2–2.3.
See also Insti- 7.14, Table A7.2 tutional units transactions in nonfi nancial assets recorded in, 4.25 Statement of Other Economic Flows accrual reporting of, 3.64, 3.107 classifi cation of changes in net worth in, 4.36–4.38, 10.2, Table 4.3, Table 10.1 defi nition and purpose of, 1.16, 3.64, 4.10 holding gains and losses recorded in, 4.37 Statistics compilation method/ principles, 1.1, 1.25–1.35 Stock positions balance sheet, 1.17, 1.30, 3.56, 7.1 classifi cation of, Table A8.3, 7.34–7.232.
See also specifi c categories defi nition of, 3.1, 3.36 economic benefi ts, 3.37 in government fi nance statistics framework, 1.15, 1.21, 3.36 foreign trade, 6.89 general government units as recipi- ent of, 6.86 in Classifi cation of Functions of Government, 6.145 in exchange rate regimes, 5.26, 5.89, 6.89 in government fi nance statistics nizations as, 6.89 on production, 6.90 on products, 6.89 purpose of, 6.84 tax credits as, 5.31, 6.89 to households, 6.86, 6.91 to nonprofi t institutions serving households, 6.86 transfers not qualifying as, 6.91 treatment in calculation of econom- ically signifi cant/market prices, 2.69, 2.74, 3.110, 5.136 Subsoil assets, 5.54, 5.129–5.130, 7.93, 7.97–7.99, 8.32, 8.51, 10.52.
See also Mineral and energy resources; Mineral exploration and evaluation in analytic framework of GFSM in structure of analytic framework, Summary Statement of Explicit Conti- 2014, 1.16, 4.8, A7.20 4.8, Table 4.1 in structure of analytic framework, integration of economic fl ows and, 4.8, Figure 4.1 1.20, 1.31, 3.2 nent Liabilities and Net Obligations for Future Social Security Benefi ts classifi cation of revenue and IPSASs statements versus, A6.31, A6.37, A6.53 net/gross presentation of, 3.143–3.151 valuation of, 3.107, 3.113–3.117, expenses in, 4.48–4.50, Table 4.6 in analytic framework of GFSM other changes in volume of assets/ liabilities recorded in, 4.38 7.20–7.33 Stripped securities, 7.152 2014, 1.19, 4.13 purpose of, 4.15, 4.47 444 Index Super-dividends, 5.115–5.116, 6.110 Supranational authorities, 2.18, 5.37 Sustainability calculation of primary balance for analysis of, 4.55, Table 4A.1 changes in net worth as indicator for, 1.10, 1.33, 2.106, 3.167, 4.3, 4.18, 4.39–4.40 debt sustainability, 4.55 net fi nancial worth as indicator for, 4.41 net operating balance as a summary measure of, 4.18 consolidation, 3.161–3.162 credits as subsidies, 5.31, 6.89 credits, 5.29–5.32 defi nition of, 5.2, 5.23 direct versus indirect, Table 4A.1 earmarked taxes, 2.41, 2.79, 2.146, 5.39 environmental, A7.115–A7.121 exchange profi ts, 5.88–5.90 exchange, 5.91 excise, 5.62 expenditures, 5.28 fi nes and penalties on overdue, 5.24, on income, profi t, and capital gains, 5.41–5.44, Table 5.2 on income of corporations,
 5.41 on income of individuals or house- holds, 5.41 on inheritance, 5.51 on international trade and transac- tions, 5.83–5.92, Table 5.5 on motor vehicles, 5.79, 5.80 on net wealth, 5.50 on ownership of assets or net worth, levied irregularly, 5.52 on ownership of immovable prop- Swap contracts, 7.215–7.217, 5.143 erty, 5.49 A3.20–A3.23, A3.67–A3.71 general taxes on goods and services, on ownership of property other System of Environmental-Economic 5.57–5.61, Table 5.3 Accounting Central Framework,
 A7.105–A7.134 System of National Accounts 2008 consolidation principles in, 3.167 consumption of fi xed capital in, 6.53 coverage of social contributions in, 5.95 gross versus net presentation of, 3.143–3.145 harmonization of, A5.20 implicit taxes of central banks, 5.70, Box 6.2 imposed by force of law, 3.5 imputation system of corporate government fi nance statistics income, 5.44 than immovable property, levied regularly, 5.53 on payroll and workforce, 5.45 on permission to perform activities, 5.72, 5.79, Table 5.4 on permission to use goods or per- form activities, 5.72, 5.79, Table 5.4 on pollution, 5.81 on production, 2.74, A7.41, framework and, 1.8, 1.22–1.24, 1.35, 3.6, 4.6, A7.5–A7.72, Table A7.1, Table A7.2, Table A7.3, Table A7.4, Table A7.5 in common budget of economic Table A7.3 unions, A5.26–A5.28 in cross country comparisons, 1.13 in System of National Accounts 2008, on profi ts of export or import monopolies, 5.86–5.87 on profi ts of fi scal monopolies, treatment of economic activities 5.25 in, 3.6 interest payable on overdue, 5.24, treatment of tax revenue in, 5.25 6.82 T Tax burden, 1.3, Table 4A.1, A5.38 Taxes accounting presentation, 3.143, 3.145 administrative fees versus, 5.73–5.75 amnesties, 5.19 as revenue transactions, 3.5, 3.10–3.13, 4.23, 5.1–5.2 attribution/assignment principles, 3.30, 5.33–5.40 local governments’ right to impose, 2.95 multistage, 5.60 net presentation of, 3.143–3.145 of government employees, 3.161 on business activities, 5.76 on
 capital gains, 5.41 on emissions, 5.81, A4.48–A4.49 on estates, 5.51 on exports, 5.85 on extraction of exhaustible 5.63–5.68 on property, 3.84, 5.46–5.54, 5.77 on recreational activities on religious organizations, 5.39–5.40 on specifi c services, 5.69–5.71 on use of goods and permission to use goods or perform activities, 5.72, 5.79, Table 5.4 on winnings from lotteries or gam- bling, 5.41 other taxes category, 5.93 other taxes on goods and services, 5.82 burden, fi scal analysis of, 4.55, 5.9,
 resources, 5.82 other taxes on international trade Table 4.1 on fi nancial and capital transac- and transactions, 5.92 business and professional licenses, tions, 5.61 5.81 capital levies, 5.52 capital, 5.51 cash basis recording, 3.104 central governments’ right to impose, 2.85 on foreign exchange transactions and profi ts, 5.88–5.91 on gift s, 5.51 on goods and services, 5.55–5.56.
See also specifi c type on goods and services, general, characteristics of, 5.2 classifi cation of, 5.21–5.26, Table 5.1 5.57–5.61, Table 5.3 on imports, 5.84 other taxes on use of goods and on permission to use goods or perform activities, 5.81 payment in kind of, 3.24 payments classifi ed as transactions, 3.5, 3.10, 3.12–3.13 payroll and workforce, 5.45 penalties/fi nes on overdue, 5.24, 5.143 permits as A4.42 Index 445 refunds, 3.145, 5.7, 5.27 regional organizations and, 2.18 relief measures, 5.28–5.31 rent and, 5.128, 5.133 sales, 5.59 severance, 5.133 social contributions versus, 5.96 state governments’ right to impose, 2.91 time of recording and measurement of, 3.57–3.60, 3.62, 3.76–3.86, 5.10–5.20 value-added, 5.58 withheld from employees, 3.161, 6.12 production of fi xed assets, 7.37 reclassifi cations, 3.102, 10.83 revenue transactions, 5.10–5.20 sales of goods and services, 5.141 taxes and compulsory transfers/social contributions, 3.77–3.86, 5.12 taxes on ownership of property, 3.84 transactions in services, 3.89 transactions in fi nancial assets and liabilities, 3.93–3.97, 9.2, 9.13–9.16 transactions in goods, services, and nonfi nancial assets, 3.88–3.92 transactions in nonfi nancial assets, 8.2, 8.13–8.17 defi nition of, 3.5, 4.9 double-entry of, 3.54 exchanges as, 3.9 imputed, 3.28 in government fi nance statistics framework, 1.15, 1.20, 1.26– 1.28, 1.32–1.34, 3.6–3.7, 4.22, Figure 4.1, Table 4.1, Table 4.2 in kind, 3.23–3.25 integration of, 1.20, 1.31, 3.36 internal/intra-unit, 3.26 monetary,
 3.8–3.18 nonmonetary, 1.28, 3.19–3.26 partitioning of, 3.29 rearrangements of, for recording, Territorial enclaves, 2.9–2.10, 2.13, 2.16, 8.50, A3.56, A7.84 Territorial waters, 2.9, 3.40, 7.19 Timber resources, 5.82, 5.127, 7.61, 7.82, 8.34, 10.52, A4.28–A4.29 Time of recording economic fl ows accounting bases, choices, 1.27, 3.57–3.60, 3.68 advantages of accrual accounting, 3.68–3.74 transactions with nonfi nancial com- 3.27–3.30 ponent, 9.15 use of goods and services, 3.92, 6.7, 6.28 withdrawals of income from quasi- corporations, 3.87 Tools, 6.15, 6.35, 6.43, 7.40, 7.52, 8.33 Total change in net worth, Table 4A.1.
See also Changes in net worth Total expenditure or outlays, reassignment of, 3.30 rerouting of, 3.28 time of recording of.

See Time of recording economic fl ows transfers as, 3.10–3.18 two-party nonmonetary transac- tions, 3.21–3.25 valuation of.

See Valuation See also specifi c type of transactions appearance or disappearance of Table 4A.1.

See also Expenditure existing assets, 10.52 Total fi nancing, Table 4A.1.
See also Transfer pricing, 3.122 Transfers challenges in, 3.58–3.59, 3.75, 5.14 consumption of fi xed capital, 3.90, Financing Total transfer payments excluding 8.16 dividends, 3.87, 5.112, 6.109 expense transactions, 6.6–6.7 fi nes and penalties, 3.85, 5.144 grants, 3.86, 5.105 holding gains and losses, 3.99–3.100, 10.7 in accrual basis accounting, 3.62–3.64, 3.76–3.102 grants, Table 4A.1 Trade, international associations, 2.37, 2.61, 6.42 government trade organizations, 6.89 sales of monopolies in, 5.86–5.87 subsidies, 6.89 taxes on, 5.83–5.92, Table 5.5 zones, 2.11 Trade credit and advances, 3.72, 3.95, in cash basis accounting, 3.67, 3.69, 7.225, Table 4A.1 3.70, 3.71, 3.72, 3.103–3.106 in commitments basis accounting, 3.65, 3.69, 3.71 in due-for-payment basis account- ing, 3.66, 3.69, 3.70, 3.71, 3.73 in government fi nance statistics framework, integration of 3.57 in regional arrangements, A5.43 income taxes, 3.83, 5.15 inventories, 3.91, 8.47 operating leases, 3.90 other changes in the volume of assets, 3.98, 3.101–3.102 other economic fl ows, 3.98–3.102 Transactions barter as, 3.22 characteristics of transactions, 3.7–3.30 classifi cation of, 1.15, 1.21, 3.7, 5.21–5.22, 6.8, 6.148–6.150, 8.21–8.23, 9.24–9.27, Table 5.1, Table 6.1, Table 6A.1, Table 6A.2, Table 8.1, Table 9.1 counterparty classifi cations, 2.23, 3.165, Table 3.1, Table 9.2, Table A8.4 currency conversion for recording, 3.132–3.133 as monetary transaction, 3.10 as nonmonetary transaction, 3.19 capital versus current, 3.15–3.18, 4.23,
 5.145, 5.147–5.148, 6.122, 6.123–6.124 compulsory transfers, 3.85 conditional, 3.86 consolidation of, 3.155 defi nition of, 3.10 exchanges combined with, 3.11–3.12 fi nes and penalties as, 5.142 grants as, 5.5, 5.101–5.105, 6.92–6.95, Table 5.7, Table 6.7 in-kind, 3.25 nonlife insurance premiums and claims, 3.14 not elsewhere classifi ed, 5.6, 5.145–5.148, 6.122–6.124, Table 5.11, Table 6.10 of goods and services, 6.37–6.42 social benefi ts as, 6.96–6.106 subsidies, 5.146, 6.84–6.91, Table 5.11, Table 6.6
 taxes, 3.13 time of recording, 3.77–3.86 types of, 3.12–3.15 446 Index use of goods and services versus, 6.37–6.42 valuation of, 3.112, 3.121 voluntary transfers, 3.86 Transport equipment, 7.54, Table 7.4 Tree, crop, and plant resources, 7.59, 7.61–7.63, 8.34–8.36, Table 7.5 Turnover and other general taxes on goods and services, 5.60, Table 5.3 U Underwriting facilities, 7.259 Unions, trade and labor, 2.61, A2.11 Unit of account, 3.51, 3.130–3.131 Use of goods and services acquisition of nonfi nancial assets versus, 6.43–6.49, 7.40, 7.57 as charges for collection fees, 5.35 as expense, 4.24, Table 6.1 compensation of employees versus, 6.9, 6.15, 6.18, 6.33–6.36 defi nition, 6.27 distributed as social benefi ts, 6.39–6.40 excluded from, 6.27 fees and charges related to, 5.136–5.138, 6.30 fees for fi nancial services and, 6.52, 6.81 gross recording of, 6.30 in calculation of production costs, 2.74, 5.136 in own-account capital formation, 6.27, 8.15 in production of coins or notes, 6.48 in research and development, 6.46 indirect estimation of, 6.29 internal or intra-unit transactions in, 3.26 inventories and, 6.29, 6.44, Table 6.3 major renovations versus, 6.45, 8.25–8.27 military, 6.49 mineral exploration and evaluation, 6.47 prepayments for, 6.69 reimbursement to employee as, 6.15 rent versus, 6.51 rentals and fi nancial leases versus, 6.50 taxes on, 3.84, 5.35, 5.55, 5.72–5.82 time of recording, 3.92, 6.28, 6.31 transfers of goods and services versus, 6.37–6.42, 6.97 V
 Valuables as payments in kind, 3.24 catastrophic losses, 10.60 classifi cation of, 3.50, 4.25, 4.44, 6.43, 7.17 consumption of fi xed capital on, 6.55 costs of ownership transfer, 8.7, 8.48 defi nition of, 7.18, 7.87 economic appearance or disappear- ance of, 10.50 holding gains on, 10.18 reclassifi cation of, 10.84 types of, 7.88, 7.129 valuation of, 7.20, 7.89, 8.9, 8.48 Valuation of nonperforming loans, 7.262–7.263 of other changes in the volume of assets of other economic fl ows, 3.126 of public
 monuments, 7.43 of stock positions, 3.2, 3.113–3.117 of transaction after partitioning, 3.124 of transactions and stock positions expressed in foreign currency, 3.119 of transactions in fi nancial assets and liabilities, 3.11, 9.7–9.12 of transactions in nonfi nancial assets, 8.9–8.12 of transactions with a contractual accumulating and revaluing trans- quotation period, 3.120 action, 7.31–7.32 of transactions with transfer pric- as reason for consolidation discrep- ing, 3.122 ancies, 3.165 eff ect of external events on, 10.59 estimation of, 3.125 general rule for, 3.107 gross debt, 7.239–7.242 in government fi nance statistics framework, 1.29 in Statement of Operations, 3.107 in Statement of Sources and Used of Cash, 3.107 IPSASs versus GFS, A6.25–A6.30 observed in markets, 7.26 of arrears, 3.71, 7.250 of assets and liabilities, 7.20–7.33 of barter, 3.112, 3.125 of changes in volume of assets, 3.128–3.129 of concessional loans, 3.123 of consumption of fi xed capital, Box 6.1 of debt instruments, 7.238 of debt securities, 7.154–7.156 of deposits, 7.142 of derived measures, 3.140–3.143 of dwellings, 7.45 of employee stock options, 7.223 of equity, 7.166, 7.171–7.173 of fi nancial derivatives, 7.204 of fi xed assets, 7.36, 8.9 of grants in kind, 5.104 of holding gains and losses, 3.127 of inventories, 7.78, 8.10 of land, 7.94 of loans, 7.163 of transactions, 3.108–3.112, 8.9–8.12 of transfers in kind, 3.112, 3.121, 3.123 of valuables, 7.89, 8.48 present value of
 future returns, 7.33 when payment made aft er long delay, 3.118 Value-added taxes, 5.27, 5.58, Table 5.3, A7.120 W Wages and salaries defi nition, 6.12, Table 6.2 in cash, 6.13–6.16 in kind, 6.17–6.18 reimbursements of costs not counted as, 6.15 social benefi ts not counted as, 6.16 War, 6.58, 6.91, 10.60–10.61 Water resources, 7.12, 7.102, A4.32–A4.34, A7.119 taxes on, 5.62, 5.71 Weapons systems, 6.49, 7.52, 7.74, 8.43 Work in progress, 3.91, 6.29, 6.44, 7.37, 7.62, 7.80, 7.82.
8.47, Table 7.6 Write-off s, debt, 4.35, 10.24, 10.57, A3.4, A3.7, A3.32–A3.34 Z Zakat taxes, 5.39–5.40 Zero-coupon bonds, 3.70, 3.115, 4.35, 6.71, 7.147, 9.40, 10.25