Source document: https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1698829413731.pdf (Saint Kitts and Nevis)
PUBLIC DISCLOSURE AUTHORISED CARIBBEAN DEVELOPMENT BANK COUNTRY GENDER ASSESSMENT ST. KITTS & NEVIS (VOL.

II) The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Caribbean Development Bank or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent.

Prepared by: Linnette Vassell RAWWIDA BAKSH AND ASSOCIATES JUNE 2014 COUNTRY GENDER ASSESSMENT ST. KITTS & NEVIS (VOL.
II) LINNETTE VASSELL RAWWIDA BAKSH AND ASSOCIATES JUNE 2014 PRESENTED TO CARIBBEAN DEVELOPMENT BANK WILDEY, ST. MICHAEL, BARBADOS i | P a g e TABLE OF CONTENTS APPENDIX I ......................................................................................................................................... 1 ANALYTICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK APPENDIX 2 ......................................................................................................................................... 4 LIST OF PERSONS INTERVIEWED APPENDIX 3 ....................................................................................................................................... 10 REPORT OF THE CGA NATIONAL CONSULTATION APPENDIX 4 ....................................................................................................................................... 21 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK APPENDIX 5 ....................................................................................................................................... 22 ST. KITTS AND NEVIS CSEC ENTRIES AND PASSES 2012 BY SEX AND SUBJECT APPENDIX 6 ....................................................................................................................................... 24 GENDER AND INFRASTRUCTURE: STRATEGIES FOR NEW OPPORTUNITIES APPENDIX 7 ....................................................................................................................................... 25 VIOLENCE AND INSECURITY APPENDIX 8
 ....................................................................................................................................... 26 GENDER, JUVENILE CARE AND PROTECTION APPENDIX 9 ....................................................................................................................................... 27 CONTRIBUTION OF KEY SECTORS TO GDP (2010-2017) APPENDIX 10 ..................................................................................................................................... 32 INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY (ICT) APPENDIX 11 ..................................................................................................................................... 33 GENDER ISSUES IN EDUCATION APPENDIX 12 ..................................................................................................................................... 35 NATIONAL PRIORITY AREAS FOR EDUCATION AND TRAINING APPENDIX 13 ..................................................................................................................................... 37 FEATURES OF THE LABOUR MARKET AND GENDER i | P a g e LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES T1: TYPE OF CRIME BY SEX (TOTAL FOR SKN) ................................................................. 25 T2: PARTICIPANTS IN THE 2013 ICT4DC TRAINING PROGRAMME BY SEX ......................... 32 T3: ST. KITTS & NEVIS GRADE AVERAGES IN SELECT SUBJECTS BY GRADE, SUBJECT AREA AND SEX (2013)
 ............................................................................................................. 33 T4: TOP FIVE SUBJECT AREAS OF OPTIONAL ENTRY IN CSEC BY SEX (2012) .................... 34 T5: SKN LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS BY ISLAND (2009) .................................................................................................................................................... 37 T6: INDUSTRY BY SEX (NEVIS) ................................................................................................... 37 T7: NATIONAL SKILLS TRAINING PROGRAMME: COURSE ENROLLMENT AND COMPLETION BY VOCATIONAL AREA AND SEX (2012) ................................................... 38 F1: CONTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURE TO SKN GDP (%) ....................................................... 27 F2: CONTRIBUTION OF MANUFACTURING TO SKN GDP (%) ................................................. 28 F3: CONTRIBUTION OF CONSTRUCTION TO SKN GDP (%) ..................................................... 28 F4: CONTRIBUTION OF TOURISM TO SKN GDP (%) ................................................................. 29 F5: CONTRIBUTION OF WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE TO SKN GDP (%)...................... 29 F6: CONTRIBUTION OF TRANSPORT, STORAGE AND COMMUNICATIONS TO ................... 30 F7: CONTRIBUTION OF FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION TO SKN GDP (%) ............................ 30 F8: CONTRIBUTION OF REAL ESTATE, RENTING AND BUSINESS ACTIVITIES TO SKN GDP
 (%) ..................................................................................................................................... 31 ii | P a g e APPENDIX I ANALYTICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK 1.
The CGA examines gender relations at the individual, household and national levels and identifies a range of institutions and thematic areas that must take on board gender differences to advance gender equality in the society.

Therefore, the CGA is underpinned by a need for gender justice and rights- based development approaches and frameworks which seek to deepen understandings of gender equality and poverty reduction in St. Kitts and Nevis.

WH Y TH E NEED FO R G ENDER JUST ICE?

2.

3.
The pursuit of gender justice is anchored in international and regional commitments and instruments such as the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW, 1979), the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC, 1989), the Beijing Platform for Action (BPfA, 1995), the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 2000), the Inter-American Convention on Human Rights (1969), the Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women (Convention of Belém do Pará, 1994), and specifically for this CGA, the Constitution of St. Kitts and Nevis.
The ‘gender agenda’ promotes the view that equality between men/boys and women/girls has positive long-term socio-economic and developmental consequences, and is essential in the fight against poverty, and the achievement of economic growth and sustainable development.
Another approach is to examine the cost to a society’s economic, social and governance development of not promoting gender equality.1 Ensuring that gender equality issues are fully considered in development policy-making, planning and programming thus requires a clear understanding of why they are important and how women/girls and men/boys, by virtue of their gender-based social roles and responsibilities, participate in and experience society differently.
The focus on gender equality must therefore address the different ways in which political, economic and social issues affect men and women, and ensure that the situations and needs of both are considered and addressed.

G ENDER INEQ UALITY AND PO VERTY 4.

5.

Amartya Sen’s entitlements and capabilities’ approaches have been instrumental in broadening and deepening mainstream economic understandings of poverty and inequality.
Sen (1993; 1999) contends that poverty reflects deprivation not only in income and consumption, but importantly also in entitlements and capabilities such as health, education and civil liberties.

These and other entitlements/capabilities allow individuals to convert their incomes into well-being, i.e., to establish personal goals and have realistic means of attaining them.
The social exclusion approach analyzes how and why particular groups are systematically denied rights, livelihoods, and sources of well-being which they should properly enjoy.

This approach also includes considerations of exclusion from security, justice, representation and citizenship.
Poverty is 1 Please note that this approach of quantifying the cost to a society’s economic, social and governance development of not promoting gender equality is an emerging one, which is beyond the scope of the St. Kitts and Nevis CGA.

1 | P a g e thus regarded as multidimensional – incorporating political and social realities.

Importantly, social exclusion is concerned with agency and thus “goes beyond entitlement analysis by looking more deeply at the processes behind entitlement failure.” 6.

7.
7.

Rights-based approaches contend that certain aspects of deprivation result from the lack of rights and/or the failure or inability to claim rights, rooted in unequal power relations.

The core principles underlying the human rights framework are universality and indivisibility, equality and non- discrimination, participation and inclusion, and accountability and the rule of law.
They recognize that power relations are key to securing rights and that access to and participation in the political process are prerequisites for making claims and ensuring that these are heard and understood.

Recent rights-based development approaches and frameworks (e.g.
Human Rights, Social Exclusion and Capabilities) all justify and support the imperative to promote equality between men and women at all levels in the society, underpinned by the international, regional and national commitments that Caribbean governments have made to reduce poverty, and achieve economic growth and sustainable development.

G ENDER EQ UALITY AND PO VERTY REDUC TIO N, SUSTA INAB LE LIVELIH O O DS AND ECO NO M IC G RO WTH 8.

9.
9.

The four main dimensions of poverty encapsulated by the World Bank (2001) – opportunities, capabilities, security and empowerment – provide a useful framework for this study, as they incorporate the ‘entitlements/capabilities’, ‘social exclusion’, and ‘rights-based’ approaches discussed above.
The CGA adds to these the understanding that in the Caribbean males and females are not homogeneous groups, and other factors such as race/ethnicity/colour, socio-economic status, age, urban/rural location, (dis)ability, etc.

deeply affect gendered experiences and outcomes.


Opportunities: To what extent do women and men have access to labour markets, employment opportunities and productive resources, and with what consequences for gender equality, poverty reduction, sustainable livelihoods and economic growth?
What are the constraints for women and men due to the fragility of the labour market in the context of the collapse of the sugar and banana industries, the impact on tourism resulting from the 2008 global economic crisis, and the uncertainties of the CARICOM Single Market and Economy (CSME) regional economic cooperation mechanism and the external Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA)?
And what are the opportunities for women and men in the emerging niche markets such as eco-tourism and other economic diversification initiatives, and their impact on sustainable livelihoods and economic growth?

10.
10.

Capabilities: To what extent do women and men have access functional entitlements/capabilities such as health, education and training, basic amenities and services (such as water and sanitation), and civil liberties, and are able to convert their entitlements/capabilities into sustainable livelihoods?
In the current Caribbean and global context, this includes girls/women and boys/men’s access to ICTs including mobile phone technology, and its potential for social well-being as well as economic activity (e.g., setting up of internet-based businesses, linking of innovative Caribbean products to global value chains, etc.).

to core 11.

Security: What differential risks (to economic downturns, domestic and civil violence, natural disasters and climate change) do women/girls and men/boys encounter?
This moves the discussion beyond the focus on state security to include the impact of high male dropout rates and under- performance at all levels of the education system (Caribbean Human Development Report, 2012), and human security, including the increasing incidence of gender-based violence as well as gang violence and criminal activity related to trafficking in drugs, arms, humans, etc.

2 | P a g e 12.
2 | P a g e 12.

Empowerment: To what extent and through what processes do women/girls and men/boys have a voice in decision-making at the household, community and national levels?

How do power relations (overt, covert and ingrained – see above) influence their participation in decision-making?

To what extent are women and men able to access quality services and hold service providers accountable?
To what extent do girls and boys subscribe to traditional or changing gendered identities in their relationships (e.g., at school, in organizations, etc.)?

13.

The CGA also uses an Assets Model which looks at five categories of ‘assets’ which an individual man or woman requires in order to be a fulfilled, productive and self-supporting member of society: personal, social, physical, financial and human assets.
In addition, the Economic Systems Framework analyzes the interplay between economic development and gender equality at the levels of households (including intra-household decision-making, and access to resources), formal institutions (e.g., legal, education, banking/credit systems and informal institutions (which include gendered belief systems, values and attitudes), and markets.

14.
14.

Utilizing this analytical framework allows for a larger understanding of inequality and poverty in the Caribbean and supports the formulation and promotion of key recommendations and policy documents to address such.

M ETH O DO LOG Y 15.

The methodology for the collection of primary data to fill information gaps and enhance the St. Kitts and Nevis CGA, included the following: i. ii.
Thirty-five (35) individual interviews were held with 18 males and 17 females on five (5) themes (see below) which reflect areas aligned with CDB’s strategic interest in economic growth, poverty reduction, and environmental sustainability and climate change.

(See Appendix 2 for details) Five focus group discussions were held with the following: a. Brotherhood of St. Andrew – all-male group of twenty (20) men affiliated with the Anglican Church, the majority mature persons, but with a core of younger men.
b.

National Women’s Council, comprising nine (9) professional women who are also active as leaders in other organisations.

c. Leaders of Cooperatives – 20 males, 10 females.

d. Directors and Officers of Social Development – 1 male, 4 females.

e. Curriculum Development Unit – 3 males, 5 females.

iii.

A national consultation on the CGA was also held with stakeholders on January 23, 2014 (see Appendix 3 for the full report).

16.
16.

The following five themes selected are ‘drivers’ or ‘disablers’ of economic growth, poverty reduction and sustainable development in St. Kitts and Nevis: i.

Gender, agriculture, rural development and agri-business; ii.

Gender, tourism and eco-tourism; iii.

Gender, education/training and labour/employment; iv.

Gender, unemployment, poverty and social safety nets; and v. Gender, violence, crime and security.
3 | P a g e APPENDIX 2 LIST OF PERSONS INTERVIEWED INDIVIDUAL INTERVIEWS MINISTRIES SEX NAME ORGANISATION EMAIL CONTACT NO.
Female Sharron Rattan Female Beverly Harris Permanent Secretary Ministry Of Social Development Permanent Secretary Sustainable Development Srmoya88@gmail.com (869) 467-1020 direptan@sisterisles.kn (869) 467-1066 Female Hon Marcella Liburd Minister of Gender Affairs marcellaliburd@hotmail.com (869) 467-1085 Female Halla Sately Male Lenrick Lake Male Conrad Kelly Assistant Water Engineer, Ministry of Housing, Public Works, Energy and Public Utilities Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Housing, Public Works, Energy and Public Utilities ARM Project, Ministry of Agriculture DEPARTMENTS SEX NAME ORGANISATION EMAIL CONTACT NO.
Female Celia Christopher Female Azilla Clarke Female Lavern Queenly Female Osslyn Ward Former Director of Gender Affairs Director of Community and Social Development Director of Economic Affairs Social Development Officer Celia202@yahoo.com (869) 466-0143 Azilla_c@hotmail.com (869) 467-1315 Male Carlton Phillips Stats Department stats@sisterisles.kn (869) 467-1063 4 | P a g e SEX NAME ORGANISATION EMAIL CONTACT NO.
lsamory@hotmail.com (869) 467-1144 Male Spencer Amory Male Calvin Edwards Labour Commissioner, Department of Labour Deputy Financial Secretary AGENCIES SEX NAME ORGANISATION EMAIL CONTACT NO.
Female June James Director- National Skills Training Program junegj@hotmail.com (869) 465-2855 Female Roslyn Hazelle Female Miselle O’brien Female Caroline James Director of SKIPA (Gender Specialist) Lawyer, National Council of Women Director of St. Kitts Tourism Authority rhazelle@yahoo.com (869) 466-8504 miselleo@hotmail.com (869) 466-2275/6 carolyn.james@stkittstourism.
kn (869) 465-4040 Female Clarice Cotton Chief Education Officer claricecotton@hotmail.com (869) 467-1515 Female Cherylanne Pemberton Female Shelly Ross Chadderton Female Judith Rawlins Male Canon Isaiah Phillip Citizenship by Investment Unit cherylove85@hotmail.com (869) 467-1474 International Trade srosschad@gmail.com (869) 467-1232 GM, National Housing Corp Basic Needs Trust Fund Male Celvin Walwyn Commissioner of Police cgwalwyn@gmail.com (869) 465-2045 Male Charles Williams Housing Projects Coordinator Male Fitzroy Wilkin Principal TVET Officer Male Carl Herbert Male Clyde Thompson National Disaster Coordinator Registrar of Cooperatives Male Nevis Tourism Authority Male Jervan Swanston Manager, HR, NevLec 5 | P a g e CIVIL SOCIETY SEX NAME ORGANISATION EMAIL CONTACT NO.
Female Cindy Demming Political Specialist cdemming@rossvet.edu.kn (869)-465-4161 PRIVATE SECTOR SEX NAME ORGANISATION EMAIL Male Dwight Venor Governor of Eastern Caribbean Central Bank Male Andrew Abraham Dean, CFBC Male Carol Evelyn Plant Manager, Donaber Motion Male Calvin Cable Chamber of Commerce CONTACT NO.

(869) 465-2537 FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS THE BROTHERHOOD OF ST. ANDREW - OCTOBER 2, 2013 (ALL MALE) NAME OCCUPATION EMAIL CONTACT NO.
Zenhastel Hector Law Enforcement zenhector@msn.com Alfred Blake T Drew Retired M.D Leroy Henry Machine Operator mr_tdrew@yahoo.com Julian Morton Sales Julyunmorton@hotmail.com Rev.
Edmeade edmeadet@gmail.com Clarence Bass Builder Kenneth Rawlins Air-condition Tech Coolrunners2@gmail.com L Brown Stedroy A Brown Construction John Blackman Doval Welsh Security Officer Conrad Harris Retired John Bass 663-2788 764-3108 660-8899 662-7734 766-3847 466-9901 665-9103 663- 8880 667-7946 665-9821 669-5070 466-6932 6 | P a g e NAME OCCUPATION EMAIL CONTACT NO.
Leonard Morton Bernard Williams Retired Retired Juslyn A. Daniel Sales Representative Juslyn.daniel@gmail.com Josh Desuza Advertising Joshuadesuza@gmail.com Evron Warner Managing Director dew4849@live.com Vernon Elliot Manager velliot@portservicesltd.com 660-8996 668-6262 763-4455 665-7639 762-1766 FOCUS GROUP WITH PROFESSIONAL WOMEN SEPTEMBER 26, 2013 (ALL FEMALE) NAME OCCUPATION ORGANIZATION EMAIL CONTACT NO.
Miselle O' Brien - Morton Lawyer National Council of Women Hermia Morton Anthony Shelly Ross - Chaderton Dawne Williams President Methodist Women EPA Unit CEO SKNA National Bank Business and Professional Women Leonora Walwyn Attorney Walwyn Law miselleo@hotmail .com hmortonanthony @gmail.com srosschad@gmail.
com williams.dawne@ gmail.com walwynllaw@gm ail.com ebradshawcaines @gmail.com (869)-664-7020 (869)-765-3853 (869)-467-1632 (869)-465-2204 (869)-469-1402 (869)-668-6465 Director Gender Affairs Etsu Bradshaw - Caines Johan Kelly Public Relations Officer Kittitian Hill/ Business and Professional Women johankelly21@hot mail.com (869)-466-1712 Thelma Richard Human Resource Manager Government of St. Kitts and Nevis thelmarichard@h otmail.com (869)-467-1041 Bernice Grant Kelly Senior Bank Manager SKNA National Bank Card Division grantkelly@yahoo .com (869)-465-2204 ST. KITTS CO-OPERATIVE COMPLIANCE MEETING, NEMA – SEPTEMBER 24, 2013 NAME CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY EMAIL CONTACT NO.
Arabella Nisbett St. Kitts Farmers' Co-operative Anthony Evelyn St. Kitts Farmers' Co-operative 869 669 4025 869 668 6799 7 | P a g e NAME CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY EMAIL CONTACT NO.
Otis Jeffers St. Kitts Farmers' Co-operative Luther Clarke St. Kitts Farmers' Co-operative Samuel Simon St. Kitts Farmers' Co-operative 869 665 9634 869 6623224 869 663 3381 Sankofa Maccabie Ira Peets T-Sean Flemming Gideon Force Agricultural Co-operative sankofalion@yahoo.com 869 668 8393 Gideon Force Agricultural Co-operative Gideon Force Agricultural Co-operative 869 669 9290 869 664 4770 Clifton Sweeney Gideon Force Agricultural Co-operative Evadney Liburd Liamuiga Agricultural Co-operative maylib@hotmail.com 869 663 6248 Derrick Huggins Liamuiga Agricultural Co-operative Stanley Baptiste Liamuiga Agricultural Co-operative Natasha Leader Jennifer Williams Anderson Williams Fahies Agriculture Women Co- operative Fahies Agriculture Women Co- operative Capisterre Fishermen's Co-operative Lorna Warner Capisterre Fishermen's Co-operative Tiffany Warner Capisterre Fishermen's Co-operative Foster Fough Capisterre Fishermen's Co-operative Derrick Huggins Capisterre Fishermen's Co-operative Lionl Stvens Sandy Point Agricultural Co-operative Kurt Richards Sandy Point Agricultural Co-operative Kareem Warner Sandy Point Agricultural Co-operative Rick Lennon Sandy Point Agricultural Co-operative Ira Liburd St.Kitts Agro-Processors Co-operative 869 664 5920 869 660 4918 prodestiny81@gmail.com 869 662 2793 869 667 5525 andersontifwilliams@gmai l.com 869 760 4277 869 664 3324 869 668 4830 869 665 5962 869 664 2732 869 667 5399 869 760 7074 869 760 7074 869 665 9390 Sheila Harris St. Kitts Agro- Processors Co-operative
 shlhrr@yahoo.com 869 668 5046 Teressa Connor St. Kitts Agro- Processors Co-operative Catherine Pemberton St. Kitts Agro- Processors Co-operative Leonard Herbert St. Kitts Taxi Co-operative Elsworth Warner St. Kitts Taxi Co-operative 869 669 7308 869 665 1081 869 765 0278 869 664 0607 elsworth.warner@scaspa.c om Francil Morris St. Kitts Schools Apex Co-operative caziahskb@yahoo.com 869 663 4944 8 | P a g e OTHER INTERVIEWEES Curriculum Development Unit – 3 men, 5 women Social Development Group – 1 man, 4 women 9 | P a g e APPENDIX 3 REPORT OF THE CGA NATIONAL CONSULTATION The Ministry of Community Development, Culture, and Gender Affairs in collaboration with the Caribbean Development Bank (CDB).
NATIONAL CONSULTATION To receive feedback from national stakeholders on the findings and recommendations of the Country Gender Assessment (CGA).

Thursday 23rd January 2014 8:15 a.m. – 3:30 p.m. St. Kitts Marriott Resorts and Royal Beach Casino Frigate Bay, St. Kitts Opening Prayer - Father Christopher Archibald National Anthem – Karissa Willett Chairperson’s Opening Remarks – Mrs. Etsu Bradshaw-Caines, Director, Gender Affairs I am honoured today to be able to chair this special occasion.
In September when I assumed my position as Director of Gender, my Permanent Secretary – Ms. Sharon Rattan asked me to accompany a consultant who was coming here to work on our country Gender Assessment.

This turned out to be an effective and fruitful orientation for me.

I learned about my job quickly and gathered so much information that I was able to hit the ground running.

Thanks to CDB, Mrs. Linnette Vassell, interviewed a great number of persons of all walks of life here in St. Kitts and Nevis.
You will have no doubt that she dug deeply as she is here today to over 180 pages of a report based on her findings.

You won’t be sitting here today just listening, you will be actively involved in working sessions as groups and you too will have a voice that the report, when finished will have your solid.

Today we will be entertained by persons from our Department of Culture, we will interact and we will also be filled with some delicious foods, provided by the kitchen and banquet staff of Marriott.
To you, I say welcome.

Greetings – Dr. M. Carolina Ferracini, Operations Officer, Gender and Development Social Sector Division CDB Good morning.

Being new to the region, I am honoured and grateful for the opportunity to learn more about gender relations in Saint Kitts and Nevis, and to deepen the conversation about how we can work together to advance the ideal of gender justice.
What I have realized so far is that the Caribbean men and women are making concrete efforts to find their way back to each other.

They have acknowledged that equality is beneficial to all people, and needs to be pursued as part of our legacy to the future generations.

It is a privilege to be a witness of the courageous step that the people of Saint Kitts and Nevis are taking to unfold and re- think traditional gender roles, aiming at expanding human freedom.
10 | P a g e I am here today representing CDB, the Caribbean Development Bank.

The Bank has worked for over 40 years with the Caribbean governments and people to build a modern and just society for all, men and women, boys, girls, no matter what is their socio-economic status, or their physical ability.

Poverty reduction is the central mandate of CDB.


The Bank has provided a significant amount of resources to enhance the lives of poor people in areas such as education, basic social services, housing and citizen security to break the inter-generational cycle of poverty and powerlessness.

This is where gender justice becomes more and more relevant.
In fact, one of the objectives of our gender policy is to empower women and men to build a sustainable and equitable society: together, respecting each other’s individual strengths and encouraging each other’s talents and dreams.

In order to get the work done we must encourage and empower the youth.

There is nothing more inspiring than watching strong young men and women use their energy to change the world for the better.

So let us invest in the future with our gender goggles on.
Gender justice means much more than “we must have the same opportunities”.

It means we, all humans, should liberate ourselves from harmful stereotypes imposed on us, and use our freedom to be and to do what we so decide.

Gender justice means that power is truly shared, in a way that the power structures become a platform for the democratic principle of equality to thrive.
It is the democratic principle that sees the Government of Saint Kitts and Nevis taking time today to discuss what are the gender inequalities still persisting.

We are here to discuss the data, consolidate the evidence and further inform our future planning and programming.

Congratulations for such a bold step!

We at CDB are proud to be able to offer our contribution to research, because we are committed to make sure our policy and programme choices are entirely founded in robust evidence.
The Saint Kitts and Nevis Gender Assessment that we are discussing here today is one of many pieces of evidence we will need to address gender inequalities.

And we are aware that we will only be able to make a difference when the data is disaggregated by sex, when gender analysis is an integral part of the development processes, and when we don’t stop at the analysis, but we respond with concrete and well informed actions.
Our work during this workshop is to identify the priorities and entry points for CDB and the government of Saint Kitts and Nevis to collaborate and deliver concrete results on gender equality.

Let us get concrete, specific and shed light on where this partnership can be more fruitful.

I look forward to joining the conversation, and to explore opportunities for future collaboration.

Hon.
Hon.

Hazel Brandy-Williams, Ministry of Social Development, Youth, Sports and Community Development I wish to adopt the protocol that was already established, but I must acknowledge Mrs. Etsu Bradshaw-Caines to thanks her for the invitation to this event and trust that this is an indication of the improved relationship between our ministries.
Now for my Comments on Document, I do acknowledge that this is a draft in progress, and I am satisfied at this point with Nevis’ involvement, so I will make a commitment to work with the ream to be able to ascertain what obtain in Nevis, so that the final report will be a comprehensive and true document to cover all areas and to develop a more robust legal frame work that supports and police gender equality.

11 | P a g e In our local context, Women’s transition into Politics has been extremely slow.
Only Four women have been elected to office in over 50 years.

I fully support the implementation of a quota system or proportional representation as it pertains in politics as I feel that this is the only way for women to get a fair chance of being elected.

While I agree that there are challenges with Human Resources and getting women to come forward, we must set up New Gender Conditions in order to move forward.
I look forward to getting the Outcome of this exercise as I know that it would have an impact on a more robust legal framework that supports Gender equality.

Just yesterday, in Nevis at the launch of Gender Issues in the Workplace, the participants were asked to formulate a white paper and present to cabinet on the gender policy that they will like to see put in place to move forward.

I thank you.
I thank you.

Poem “I Can’t Make It Without You” – Ras Dabo Penny, Assistant Research and Documentation Specialist, Department of Culture Keynote Address – Hon.

Marcella Liburd, Minister of Health, Community Development, Culture and Gender Affairs A pleasant good morning to all.

I am delighted to be part of this pioneering exercise today.
Thanks to the organizers: the Caribbean Development Bank, the Ministry of Health, Gender Affairs, Cultural Affairs, Social and Community Development and particularly the Department of Gender, Mrs. Linnette Vassell, the consultant and Dr. Christine Walwyn, the logistic support and contact to Mrs. Vassell, who planned and coordinated this event.

The research and consultation activities leading up to this presentation started a very important and interesting conversation about gender in St. Kitts and Nevis.
I am certain that a wide range of issues about men and women were revealed for our further attention and action.

And so, this morning we have a gathering of our policy makers, financial experts, civil society and regional experts to focus our energies on the critical work to be done.

In doing so, I wish to share my perspective with you.

First and foremost, there is a need to have a clear understanding of the issues confronting us today.

Here are some examples: 1.


Women are bearing the burden of raising families single-handedly.

In St. Kitts-Nevis, 51% of single families are female headed.

2.

Women and children can easily slip into poverty mainly for health and economic reasons.

3.

Women and children are victims of many kinds of abuses (physical, sexual, emotional and financial).

Very often, they experience these violent acts for long periods of time.

They endure them mainly for economic and emotional reasons.

4.
4.

Many of our women are at the lowest end of the income ladder so there is income disparity between men and women.

5.

More women are graduating from schools, colleges and universities but this is still not adequately reflected in leadership at various levels.

6.

However women are gradually ascending to leadership positions in different spheres.

In the public sector, there are more women in leadership positions in contrast to the private sector where there are fewer women in those positions.
We have four female ambassadors.

Over 50% of our permanent secretaries are female and in areas traditionally held by men.

There is still much more work to be done to break down barriers – religious, social and economic.

12 | P a g e 7.

Men and young boys commit violent crimes against each other and against women and children.

8.

More men and boys are incarcerated and this impacts the family and family support especially support for children.
These examples highlight 3 recurring risk factors: poverty, violence and economic empowerment.

These risk factors impact families which are the cornerstone of our society.

I believe that critical interventions and responses must be tailored to improve the lives of men, women and children in a family environment.
Ladies and gentlemen, we have to believe that families do best when they live in communities that support their ability to raise their children in a safe environment, access education, health services and economic opportunities leading to a better quality of life.

Indeed, it is our desire to improve outcomes for families hence the pilot project with MEND as part of our Social Safety Nets approach away from the individual and towards the family.
We believe therefore that consideration of the family must be at the epicenter of the strategic way forward.

Secondly, the collection and analysis of data is a key activity to effect change.

Why do I stress data?

Data inform and guide decision-making.

Decision-making must be evidence-based.

In order to fully appreciate the issues affecting men and women, we must have data which tell us what are the challenges of women and men of different age ranges.
I should caution that conviction-based and emotional positions create a grey area which very often result in implementing one project and moving to another without thorough and proper analysis of the impact on people's lives.

It is therefore incumbent upon us to ensure that projects are driven by data and evidence and not merely by convictions and emotions.

Thirdly, l assure you that gender is and remains a prioritized core component of our government's agenda.
We here in St. Kitts-Nevis are very well aware of its international weight on the global agenda.

We are aware that gender equality and societal development go hand in hand.

Great strides have been made the world over but we still have a way to go.

In St. Kitts-Nevis, we are proud of our accomplishments but recognize that much more has to be done: 1.

Equal access to education up to secondary and tertiary levels for boys and girls.

2.
2.

Access to health services for all boys and girls up to 18 years and to all elderly over the age of 62.

3.

Low maternal deaths.

4.

Sexual and reproductive rights.

5.

Domestic Violence Act 2000 even though there is need for revisiting the legislation at the moment.

6.

The establishment of the Special Victims Unit.

This unit responds to violence against men, women and children.

7.

Equal Pay Act passed.

8.

Gratuity pay for workers in the manufacturing industry - the employees are 99% female.
9.

Implementation of the Women in Construction Technologies Programme.

Women are learning skills to enter the construction industry which is an area of employment that does not traditionally engage women.

10.

Implementation of Women in Small Enterprises (WISE) Program.

This programme was designed as an economic stimulus for women who sell trays, hairdressers, women who operate small shops and small clothing stores and women in micro businesses in general.

11.
11.

A registered non-government organization, the National Council of Women, was established to mobilize, inspire and prepare women to ascend to leadership positions and 13 | P a g e to address issues and concerns pertaining to women.

Thanks to Ms. Miselle O’Brian, the coordinator and the other members of the Council.

12.

The launching of the pioneering women’s project to acknowledge the contribution of pioneering women to our development and to inspire and give hope to young girls.

13.
13.

Housing has been targeted to single mothers as invariably children reside with their mothers.

14.

Emphasis on men’s health as we continue to encourage our men to take care of themselves.

This is also viewed as a poverty reduction mechanism as men dying at a young age or being disabled very often means that a family is left without financial support.

15.

Legislative changes giving men and women equal access to children.

In some situations women can now be asked to pay maintenance.

16.
16.

Legislative changes to ensure that boys and girls are treated equally under the law for sexual offences against children.

17.

Small Enterprise Assistance Fund (SEAF) – many young business women and men benefitted under this program.

18.

Implementation of People’s Empowerment Programme (PEP) where many young men and women are employed or receive skills training.

Under the PEP the ratio of women to men is about 75% to 25%.
Today, we would have the opportunity to draw attention to identified gaps and drivers as well as recommendations for the future.

As participants, you are strategically positioned to identify critical issues and intersections to help set our future developmental agenda.

As I understand it, this Country Gender Assessment is designed to: 1.

Raise awareness about gender context in St. Kitts and Nevis.

2.

Determine whether it reflects our current context and future aspirations.

3.
3.

Recommend a focus and a strategic way forward.

At the Ministry, this report will form the basis for the development of a National Gender Policy.

This is a critical exercise and one which is pioneering and to which I give my unwavering support.

In turn, I humbly ask the same of you.


Finally, and above all, I want to acknowledge the commitment, courage, perseverance, vision and hard work of the Ministry's Management Team, the Department of Gender, Caribbean Development Bank and its team of consultants, and all our stakeholders.

Together, we will lead St. Kitts-Nevis toward a fresh and creative Gender Agenda.

I wish you a productive a day and God's richest blessing.
Presentation of Country Gender Assessment by Linnette Vassell Ms. Vassell began her presentation by giving a brief outline on the process undertaken to inform the report.

This included providing background information on the Caribbean Development Bank and their interest in being a leading catalyst in the region with regards to gender relations.

Ms. Vassell introduced the assessment through a human rights lens and defined the concept of gender equality.
She effectively, through the example of addressing the systemic barrier of men being considered as strong and not accessing health care, showed how gender equality if realized can have benefits for both men and women.

As context is important when assessing gender, Ms. Vassell highlighted several peculiar aspects of the St. Kitts-Nevis context.

These included; 14 | P a g e  Physical context i.e.
St. Kitts and Nevis is a small island developing state and vulnerable to natural disasters and man-made disasters  The economy in St. Kitts and Nevis is currently in transition following the closure of the Sugar Industry  St. Kitts and Nevis is currently in an IMF agreement in an attempt to address high debt burden  The cultural roles of men and women Ms. Vassell explained that it was not uncommon for men, women, boys and girls to be affected differently by various aspects in the society.
One such example she noted was the fallout from natural disasters where older women fared better than older men who very often were living alone.

This example was further reinforced by statistics of the most recent Poverty Assessment which revealed that while more women were poor, in the age category of sixty five and older, there were more poor men than women.
This Ms. Vassell explained stemmed from men having more than one household (family) in their youth and being unable to form solid ties with these households.

Ms. Vassell noted that several initiatives had already been taken to address gender equalities and she highlighted the proposed gender responsive measures in the National Poverty Reduction Strategy (NPRS).

She however remarked that glaringly missing were measures to address equality in the area of decision making.
The need for measures in this area were evident in the statistics presented.

While in St Kitts there was an equitable ratio of male to female Permanent Secretaries, there were still a small number of women Heads of Departments.

The situation in Nevis as reported by Hon.

Hazel Brandy-Williams, the Minister of Social Development, Youth Sports and Community Development was even more dire where there were only two female Permanent Secretaries out of a total of thirteen.
At the department head level, out of a total of twenty eight Heads, only eight were female.

While figures were not available at the time for the private sector, a look at the figures of leadership in Statutory Boards for 2013 showed that men were still the majority of Board Members with the exception of the Board for the Clarence Fitzroy Bryant College where eight out of the twelve members were female.

It was suggested by a participant that Boards with fees were predominantly filled with male members.
The consultant, Ms. Vassell indicated that this would need to be validated.

In acknowledging the absence of data from Nevis and the private sector.

The following suggestions were made;  Follow up visit to Nevis was needed;  Contact the St. Christopher and Nevis Social Security Board  Follow up contact with the National Statistics Department Gender Issues in the following areas were then highlighted and reviewed; education, social issues, and agriculture.
Gender Issues in Education – It was noted by a participant that there existed a lack of role models for boys particularly since there are not many male teachers.

One male participant noted that often in the classroom females were favoured by teachers.

The Director of Gender Affairs noted that in an effort to support the single–sex in the classroom initiative, her Department was offering training on procedures of classroom management.
The Consultant also informed participants that the Caribbean Aid for Trade and Regional Integration Project also provides training.

It was noted that subject selection in schools was still done along traditional gender ideologies.

While opportunities existed for men and women to enter non–traditional careers (through the People’s Empowerment Programme) for example, very few were choosing to do so.
15 | P a g e Gender Issue in Agriculture – It was noted by participants that although a growing number of females were studying Agricultural Science in school, the number of women in agriculture was still low due to a number of barriers.

These included women’s obligations as caregivers which often take precedence over their business responsibilities and; the reluctance of credit institutions to provide finance to women.
It was further noted that while women in agriculture were primarily concerned about seed money and equipment, men in agriculture were concerned about expanding their markets via linkages with tourism and export.

It was suggested by one participant that women may choose to teach agriculture rather than become a practitioner.

A recommendation was made that women and mean be encouraged to become technicians in agriculture.
Social Issues – It was highlighted that sexual abuse of boys was a critical issue but rarely spoken about because of the gender system.

While it was noted that there was a Special Victims Unit, the need for its effectiveness to be reviewed was highlighted.

Issues arising from gender roles assigned by society was discussed in detail.
It was reported that the stress of having to undertake the male breadwinner role leads to prostitution of young boys particularly at Christmas and the back – to – school period as men often seek financial means to provide funds for male partners.

Several male participants expressed the view that as men they faced tremendous fear of losing their partners if they could not provide for them financially.
One female participant suggested that men use money as a sign of power and a bargaining tool in relationships.

It was noted by another participant that these roles were often reinforced by religion.

Another participant further noted that many of these assumed roles are legacies of slavery that have not been addressed.

In response to this, it was noted that the time has come to stop making excuses and to start addressing the issues.
Several female participants were dismayed by male participant’s points of view that women ‘went with the best bidder’.

As noted by a former Director of Gender Affairs, Rosalyn Hazelle, in spite of forty plus years of a level playing field in the area of education women are still selling themselves to the highest bidder or engaging in prostitution.

Participants felt that there was a need to review what men and women value in a relationship.

It was suggested that women value security.


However, many men are not willing to marry and instead have several relationships.

In reviewing the institutional framework for gender equality it was felt that St. Kitts and Nevis had the necessary framework.

However, a number of gaps or weaknesses needed to be addressed.
National Machinery – It was noted by the Honourable Hazel Brandy Williams, that plans were in place to strengthen the Gender Unit in the Nevis Island Administration through the employment of additional staff.

Director of Gender Affairs in St. Kitts, Mrs. Etsu Bradshaw-Caines also indicated that her Department would be working collaboratively with Nevis.

The consultant lamented the lack of relevant data.


The participant from the National Statistical Office however informed her that the Statistical Act gave the Statistics Office authority to access any data needed.

It was noted by other participants that often Departments are unclear as to what data needs to be collected, and how to collect it.

It was also noted that often it is unclear where to locate certain data that is collected.
The CDB representative further stated that there is also a level of data that is not collected such as the amount of time men and women spend caring for others.
16 | P a g e Group Assignment The following assignment was assigned to various groups  Provide an outline of working procedures in specific an area;  Provide supplementary information – sources  Review economic, social and political components;  Outline strategic entry points for Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) Group 1 – Enhancing Gender and Governance: Support and Review of the National Gender Machinery The group agreed that there should be collaboration with other agencies, especially UNWOMEN.
The group felt they lacked adequate information to provide an outline of the working procedure.

Information which they felt would be useful included a Terms of Reference, Objectives and Outcomes.

It was suggested that collaboration with UNWOMEN would be useful in expanding the gender mandate and national machinery.

The group expressed that an inter-ministerial working group should be established.
However as this has been attempted unsuccessfully in the past, the group warned that the new working group should fit into the existing Permanent Secretaries Committee.

It was further suggested that each Ministry should have a gender committee.

Comments on presentation It was suggested that Permanent Secretaries may be unable to manage the additional responsibility and Directors should instead be selected for the Inter-ministerial Committee.
Group 2 – Invest in the Reform of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) and Strengthening of the Labour Market It was noted by this group that a roadmap which is linked to the labour market has already been developed.

There was however some uncertainty about the meaning of gender analysis for programmes and the need for curriculum specialists.

The group felt that is women were not given alternatives they would continue to be marginalized.
Recommendations from this group included;  Child care for persons partaking in evening classes.

 Emphasis on the more non – traditional subjects.

 Use of data showing benefits of non–traditional careers in order to promote available programmes.

Increase the number of scholarships, grants and funding for women.
  Technical assistance should be provided by the Clarence Fitzroy Bryant College on more wage specific categories for work  Tax concessions for private sectors needed to encourage increased number of women in leadership positions.

 Labour laws should be strengthened as to address gender equity issues.

 There should be more data available to inform where training is needed.
 Traditional training should be tied to ICT Comments on presentation It was suggested that in addition to evening classes, classes should also be held in the day to accommodate persons who work at nights.

Paternity leave was also suggested.

The participant from the Human Resource Management Department informed the meeting that there was a national training list.
17 | P a g e Group 3 – Support Gender and Child Sensitive Implementation of Social Safety Net within a Regional OECS Framework The group ranked this area as second in importance as they felt a change in society’s mindset as it pertains to gender issues needed to be top priority.

While the CDB has not been a leader in this area, the group suggested that the Bank’s intervention could be seen as a continuation of the Child Development Project.
The group felt that this would allow CDB to make a real difference by delving into more meaningful interventions.

Areas of entry included after school programmes and the training of teachers and mentors.

It was noted that volunteerism needed to be encouraged.

The Group suggested that for this to be successful there needed to be a proper plan in place.

Work must be done across and between ministries and should include work with parents and other social partners.
Monitoring and Evaluation of the programmes implemented must also be given importance.

Group 4 – Support the Provision of Sex – Disaggregated Data The group felt that as CDB already sponsors the Country Poverty Assessment, a gender poverty analysis would be a great entry point for the bank.

Other recommendations included MIS’ standardized sharing agreements and training for staff on what data should be collected and how it should be collected.
Feedback should also be provided periodically to the community on the data collected and also how it has been used to benefit communities.

Group 5 – Promote Mindset Change The group noted that buy-in was important if a National Gender Policy is to make a difference.

The group suggested increased awareness using various platforms including calypso, soca, social media, cartoons etc.

Awareness campaigns should also target sports groups, PTAs, schools and workplaces.
In addition to the above recommendations, a social value should be given to behavioural change.
18 | P a g e PARTICIPANTS - NATIONAL CONSULTATION ON THE COUNTRY GENDER ASSESSMENT, JANUARY 23, 2014 NAME ORGANISATION PHONE EMAIL Fahie Women 667-0443 Alstes Pemberton BNTF 762-6598 nevbn@sisterisles.kn Ambassador Roslyn Hazelle Government of St. Kitts and Nevis 662-1234 ceoskipa@gmail.com Arabella Nisbett Fahie Women 669-4025 te_nisbette@msn.com Azilla Clark Department of Social Services and Community Development 467-1154 azillaclark.govkn@gmail.com Batumba Tak STKN & LU 661-1751 franklynramsey@gmail.com Celia Christopher 662-1538 celia202@yahoo.com Chris Archibald Anglican Church 465-2167 stgeorgesrectory@sisterisles.kn Clyde Richardson LIME 662-3804 clyde.richardson@gmail.com Clyde Thompson Department of Co-op 664-4702 co_opsstk@hotmail.com Conrad Kelly Ministry of Agriculture 662-4419 kellycon@hotmail.com Corneil Williams Statistics Department 667-7933 williamscor@hotmail.com Corrine Small Ministry of Social Development 663-5036 corsma@gmail.com Cyndie Demming Peoples Action Movement 662-4281 acyndie@hotmail.com Debra Matthew Government of St. Kitts and Nevis 467-1379 debramatthew.govkn@gmail.co m Derrick Huggins 664-5920 Dorothy Jefferson Trade 661-5108 dorotheamills1@gmail.com Erslyn Patrick Social Development 466-4364 raregem003@gmail.com Evetta Liburd Ministry of Finance 467-1801 budgetdivision@gmail.com Francil Morris SchoolApex Co-operative Limited 663-4944 caziah@gmail.com Fritzroy Wilkin SKN TVET 667-0140 fwilkin@gmail.com Halla Sahely Water Services Department 465-8000 halla@sahely.com Iroy Clarke
 763-6400 aqkha@hotmail.com Jervin Swanston NEVLEC 765-9993 jswanston7@gmail.com June James National Skills Training Program 662-0872 junegj@hotmail.com Kalvern Powell Ministry of Education 769-7029 pkalvern@yahoo.com 19 | P a g e NAME ORGANISATION PHONE EMAIL Kurt Richards SPACS Ltd 667-5392 rasvibration7@gmail.com Lemuel Pemberton BNTF Nevis 665-1814 mugabe@hotmail.com Leonora Walwyn Walwyn Law 469-1400 walwynllaw@gmail.com Lionel Stevens SPACS Ltd 664-2732 trustme4life@hotmail.com Loraine Brandy Fahies
 Agriculture Women 762-5858 Lorraine E Archibald Social Services, Nevis 667-3556 lorristef@hotmail.com Marlene Phillips Department of Culture 467-1396 marlenephillips.govkn@gmail.c om Michele dela Couday Blake Miranda Francis Ministry of Social Development 465-5000 micheleblake.govkn@gmail.com Ministry of Tourism and International Transport 467-2005 mireyfrancis35@hotmail.com Miselle O'Brien National Council of Women 664-7020 miselleo@hotmail.com Natasha Leader Fahie Women 664-2793 prodestiny81@gmail.com Natasha Warner Harowe St. Kitts 667-4111 Osbert Desuza Project BNTF 466-4364 odesuza@hotmail.com Osslyn Ward Ministry of Sustainable Development 467-1252 dulcy20@hotmail.com Otis Jeffers St. Kitts Farmers Co-operative 665-9634 otis_jeffers@yahoo.com Patrice Ward Development Bank Pauline Locker Fahie Women Ras Dabo Nyabingha 662-2981 669-9432 667-8591 Sandy Powell Social Development 466-4364 bntfskn@gmail.com Sharon Rattan Gender Affairs Sheila Harris St. Kitts Agro Processors 764-8020 668-5046 Shelly Liburd Social Services, Nevis 668-8209 myshadow4ever@hotmail.com Stanley Baptiste Cayon 660-4918 Telca Wallace National Council of Women 661-4296 eubrenda@hotmail.com Teresa Connor St. Kitts Agro Processors 466-5067 delightssweets@hotmail.com Thelma Richard Government of St. Kitts and Nevis 467-1041 thelmarichard@hotmail.com Tricia Esdaille Ministry of Education 763-8281 esdaille@gmail.com Wrick Lennon SPACS Ltd 760-7074 wrl_467@hotmail.com 20 | P a g e APPENDIX 4
 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK TRANSFORMATION OF GENDER RELATIONS  Women’s Empowerment  Gender Equality and Improved quality of life for men, women, boys and girls  Men and women equal partners in development ECONOMIC & SOCIAL EMPOWERMENT ACCESSING CAPABILITIES      Equitable access to resources, economic opportunities Reduction of poverty Environmental sustainability Decent work Equity in labour market POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT & LEADERSHIP    Equitable participation in decision- making Equity in participation in
 politics Ability as rights holders to hold duty bearers accountable      Socio-cultural empowerment Equitable access to social rights: education, health, water, sanitation Human security – freedom from violence and abuse Equitable gender status and sharing of care work Positive masculinities, confident femininities ACCESSING CAPABILITIES FOR LEGAL EMPOWERMENT AND EFFECTIVE CITIZENSHIP    Fair legal system Respect for gender rights Equitable, timely access to justice 21 | P a g e APPENDIX 5 ST. KITTS AND NEVIS CSEC ENTRIES AND PASSES 2012 BY SEX AND SUBJECT Entries Passes % Subject Entries Passes % FEMALE 254 201 119 112 102 40% English A General 74 76 80 37% Mathematics General 64% Social Studies General 242 71% Caribbean History 219 426 320 221 120 182 164 52% 38% 75% 75% 102 63 62% MALE Subject English A General Mathematics General Social Studies General Caribbean History General Information Technology General Integrated Science General Geography General Principles of Business General Electronic Document Preparation and Management General Human & Social Biology General Building Technology: (Woods) Technical Principles of Accounts General Physical Education & Sport General Technical Drawing General Office Administration General Agricultural Science SA as General Physics General 83 79 76 75 74 63 62 61 58 47 40 35 66 42 66 61 55 36 36 60 48 42 36 29 General Electronic Document Preparation and Management General Human & Social Biology General Principles of
 Business General Principles of Accounts General 215 192 89% 200 139 70% 190 149 78% 141 68 48% 80% 53% 87% 81% Office Administration 134 119 89% General 74% 57% Integrated Science General Information Technology General 58% Home Economic Management General 98% Food & Nutrition General 126 97 77% 124 98 79% 89 88 82 92% 81 92% 83% Geography General 74 50 68% 89% Spanish General 90% Biology General 68 66 47 69% 61 92% 83% Agricultural Science 64 55 86% SA as General 22 | P a g e MALE Subject Biology General
 Electrical & Electronic Technology Technical Spanish General Agricultural Science DA General Chemistry General Food & Nutrition General English B General Economics General Home Economic Management General French General Music General Visual Arts General Building Technology: (Const) Technical Mechanical Engineering Technology Technical Clothing and Textiles General Theatre Arts General Entries Passes % Subject Entries Passes % FEMALE Physical Education & Sport General 50% Chemistry General 64% English B General 77% French General 81% Physics General 90% Technical Drawing General 60 53 48 44 43 31 59 98% 44 83% 36 41 38 26 75% 93% 88% 84% 90% Clothing and Textiles 29 25 86% General 95% Visual Arts General 100% Agricultural Science 21 19 DA General 83% Economics General 18 64% Music General 36% Electrical & Electronic Technology Technical 100% Building Technology: (Const) Technical 33% Theatre Arts General 0% 0% Building Technology: (Woods) Technical Mechanical Engineering Technology Technical 5 2 1 1 0 0 16 16 12 3 1 1 0 0 0 76% 84% 67% 60% 50% 100% 0% 0% 0% 23 | P a g e APPENDIX 6 GENDER AND INFRASTRUCTURE: STRATEGIES FOR NEW OPPORTUNITIES 17.
The CDB and GOSKN have had shared interest in investment in solid waste management and water supplies.

In the context of the sharp economic realities, the potential investment portfolios seem to be subject to rethinking.

For example, there appears to be interest more in joint public/private partnership for water sector development than previously as opposed to the GOSKN borrowing directly to invest in water.
This public/private partnership modality is one in which the private company would explore for underground water and then develop and sell the water to the government.

A somewhat similar approach seems to be directed at solid waste management.
It has been reported that a new land fill is needed, but instead of borrowing for investment in the new facility, GOSKN has bought a baler to extract the waste from the dump (hence saving investment in a new land fill) and is in discussion with a private investor about turning that waste to energy.

18.
18.

There are however opportunities to promote gender equality principles and practice into the CDB- funded XCD30 million (USD 11 million) water enhancement project being implemented by the Nevis Investment Authority.2 The project involves the construction of six (6) new reservoirs, larger pipelines, two (2) new pumping stations and disinfection capacity.

19.
19.

At present, women have limited involvement in the water infrastructure project, only in store keeping functions and as four (4) of six (6) meter readers in the Authority.

However, management at the Authority sees possibilities for greater female involvement.

This pertains for the entire project process, from construction to the delivery of water, to payment for the water.
These opportunities arise in areas of ‘non-traditional’ occupations for women and therefore have the bonus of higher income jobs for women and for challenging occupational stereotyping.

This would require taking a ‘non-traditional’ approach and winning the support of partners, not least of all, the contractors.

20.

Task for which females could be utilized for are: i.

Installing PVC pipes.

This requires lubrication of the pipes.


This is done by a berth-fusion technology which is a mechanical operating system requiring precision in lining up the pipes; ii.

Operating the ‘back-hoe; iii.

iv.

v. Undertaking the chlorination of water.

Installing service saddles on the pipes; Laying bedding material for laying of pipelines; 21.

These tasks require training for anyone, male or female but women are ‘automatically’ not considered for these positions because they are considered ‘men’s jobs.” 22.
Taking a proactive approach to the employment of women in the construction trades would support the goal of economic empowerment, serve to encourage the training initiatives such as WICT and TVET and, help to engender the mindset change required among women and girls as well as men and boys around issues of gender equity and equality.

It could also raise social performance around the decent work agenda for the benefit of all workers by raising the standard of working conditions at the workplace.
2 Caribbean News Now, 10 September 2013.

“Water Expansion Project Gearing Up In Nevis”.

See www.caribank.org/news-page.

.

Accessed October 19, 2013.
24 | P a g e APPENDIX 7 VIOLENCE AND INSECURITY T1: TYPE OF CRIME BY SEX (TOTAL FOR SKN) 3 NATURE OF MAIN CRIME Actual Bodily Harm Assault Battery Breaking & Entering Burglary Burglary & House & Store Break Gang Fight Incident with Prisoners Malicious Damage to Property Rape Robbery Robbery & Extortion Sexual Harassment Theft Throwing of Missiles Trespassing Not Stated TOTAL N 0 79 0 234 0 101 16 17 15 0 15 94 0 200 0 103 31 906 MALE FEMALE TOTAL % 0.0 8.7 0.0 25.8 0.0 11.2 1.8 1.9 1.7 0.0 1.7 10.4 0.0 22.1 0.0 11.3 3.5 N 33 16 14 301 42 86 16 0 0 33 15 86 16 160 16 149 23 % 3.3 1.6 1.4 29.8 4.1 8.6 1.6 0.0 0.0 3.3 1.5 8.6 1.6 15.9 1.6 14.7 2.3 N 33 95 14 535 42 188 32 17 15 33 31 181 16 360 16 251 54 % 1.7 5.0 0.8 27.9 2.2 9.8 1.7 0.9 0.8 1.7 1.6 9.4 0.9 18.8 0.9 13.1 2.8 100.0 1,009 100.0 1,915 100.0 3 Country Poverty Assessment SKN 2007-2008.
Living Conditions in Caribbean Small Island Developing States, Vol.

1, p.129 25 | P a g e APPENDIX 8 GENDER, JUVENILE CARE AND PROTECTION 23.

The newly constructed New Horizons Rehabilitation Centre (NHRC) houses juvenile males and females and represents an attempt to improve care and protection of young people who come in conflict with the law.

A Child Justice Bill is pending that will establish the framework and process for management.
The establishment and management of the NHRC point to critical gender related issues that will have to be addressed and could have lessons not only for SKN but for the OECS and the wider Caribbean.

These include the following: i. ii.

The nature of the offense leading to incarceration may require different treatment for the male or female offender housed in the single institution.

Has the juvenile committed a serious criminal offence, or run away from home and needing care and protection?
What are the implications for treatment?

Being in one building can mean mixing of males and females for meals, but separation for recreation.

What are the implications?

iii.

Management guidelines correctly speak to the protection of juveniles from deaths, for example, by suicides.

There are however added challenges with regard to possible pregnancies and homosexual relationships.

How are sexual and reproductive health and rights issues to be addressed?
Is there a need for special measures to protect the girls?

iv.

How can young males and females in this critical developmental stage be best supported to manage emotional needs?

24.

Many of the issues raised also revolve around sensitive and professional staff being open to and engaged in ongoing and intensive training on a wide variety of issues including ethics, gender relations, children’s rights, human rights, sex and sexuality etc.

We are reminded however that there are no easy answers.
26 | P a g e APPENDIX 9 CONTRIBUTION OF KEY SECTORS TO GDP (2010-2017)4 25.

Looking at performance and projection to 2017 sector by sector based on data received from the Department of Statistics, contributions to GDP of key sectors are projected as follows: AGRICULTURE 26.

This sector contributes a small amount to the economy relative to service based sectors.

In 2012, agriculture generated about 0.92% of the total GDP for the country.
It is projected that this contribution will peak at about 0.95% in 2013 and decline steadily to 0.89% of GDP by 2017.

F1: CONTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURE TO SKN GDP (%) 0.96 0.95 0.93 0.92 0.93 0.92 0.90 0.89 2010 2011 2012 2013 Proj.

2014 2015 2016 2017 MANUFACTURING 27.

In 2012, manufacturing accounted for about 8% of GDP, an increase in the contribution of this sector to the GDP of SKN over the previous two years.
However, this contribution is expected to revert to roughly 7.2% of GDP in the years up to 2017.

4 Information and graphs were prepared from data received from the Statistics Department, Ministry of Sustainable Development, December 4, 2013.

27 | P a g e F2: CONTRIBUTION OF MANUFACTURING TO SKN GDP (%) 8.00 7.29 7.20 7.32 7.21 7.21 7.22 7.25 2010 2011 2012 2013 Proj.

2014 2015 2016 2017 CONSTRUCTION 28.

Construction is the third largest sector when ranked by contribution to GDP.
In 2012, this contribution was estimated to be 12.59% of GDP.

The importance of construction to the SKN economy is projected to steadily increase to around 14% by 2017.

F3: CONTRIBUTION OF CONSTRUCTION TO SKN GDP (%) 14.99 13.91 13.52 13.71 13.27 13.93 13.98 12.59 2010 2011 2012 2013 Proj.

2014 2015 2016 2017 HOTELS & RESTAURANTS 29.


One of the many service based sectors that SKN is most reliant on, tourism is projected to generate 6.72% of GDP by 2017 having remained consistently around this mark since 2013.

The sector has seen year on year increases in its relative contribution to GDP between 2010 and 2012 and could exceed projections if the current upward trajectory continues.
28 | P a g e F4: CONTRIBUTION OF TOURISM TO SKN GDP (%) 6.76 6.69 6.68 6.69 6.72 6.38 6.18 5.87 2010 2011 2012 2013 Proj.

2014 2015 2016 2017 WHOLESALE & RETAIL TRADE 30.

In 2012, the contribution of this sector to SKN’s GDP was an estimated 7.52%.

It is projected that this will increase every year up to 2017 to 8.12% of GDP.

F5: CONTRIBUTION OF WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE TO SKN GDP (%) 7.72 7.67 7.81 7.92 8.01 8.12 7.52 7.18 2010 2011 2012 2013 Proj.
2014 2015 2016 2017 TRANSPORT, STORAGE AND COMMUNICATIONS 31.

This sector contributed roughly 14% of SKN GDP in 2012.

Currently the sector is generating the second highest income for the country and is expected to contribute around 13% over the next five years reaching an eight year low by 2017 of an estimated 13.04%.

29 | P a g e F6: CONTRIBUTION OF TRANSPORT, STORAGE AND COMMUNICATIONS TO SKN GDP (%) 14.21 14.03 13.74 13.44 13.34 13.23 13.12 13.04 2010 2011 2012 2013 Proj.
2014 2015 2016 2017 FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION 32.

Currently contributing 10.79% of the total GDP for the country, the relative contribution of financial intermediation is expected to decrease every year leading up to 2017, but will still have a projected yield of 10.34% of the GDP for that year.

F7: CONTRIBUTION OF FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION TO SKN GDP (%) 10.68 10.74 10.79 10.71 10.63 10.51 10.42 10.34 2010 2011 2012 2013 Proj.

2014 2015 2016 2017 REAL ESTATE, RENTING AND BUSINESS ACTIVITIES 33.
This backbone of the SKN economy is projected to remain so in the next five years.

In fact, as at 2012 the sector contributed 18.14% and this percentage expected to increase progressively to 18.8% by 2017.

30 | P a g e F8: CONTRIBUTION OF REAL ESTATE, RENTING AND BUSINESS ACTIVITIES TO SKN GDP (%) 18.30 18.30 18.35 18.12 18.14 18.80 18.61 18.46 2010 2011 2012 2013 Proj.

2014 2015 2016 2017 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, DEFENCE & COMPULSORY SOCIAL SECURITY 34.
This sector generated 10.33% of SKN’s GDP in 2012 and is expected to remain one of the five leading sectors for the island in the next five years.

However, the relative contribution of this sector is expected to decline slightly to just over 10% by 2017.

35.

The final economic outturn for 2012, from SKN’s own data, is pending and should be instructive.

Another critical issue is to ensure that women like men, are positioned within the sectors which contribute to and benefit from the projected growth.
31 | P a g e APPENDIX 10 INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY (ICT) T2: PARTICIPANTS IN THE 2013 ICT4DC TRAINING PROGRAMME BY SEX TRAINING INITIATIVES AND CONFERENCES ATTENDED MALE PARTICIPANTS FEMALE PARTICIPANTS TOTAL Business Reengineering and Change Management Training Digital Media Training Computer Forensics Boot Camp IT (CIW and COMPtia) Training Training in Entrepreneurial and Business Management with a focus on ICTs QuickBooks Training Caribbean Telecommunications Union (CTU) Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Week Mobile World Congress CeBIT Trade Fair IADIS International Conference E-Society 2011 Marketing 2.0 Conference (M2C) South School Internet Governance InfoDEV Global Forum on Innovation and Entrepreneurship Total 55.3% 44.7% 159 32 | P a g e APPENDIX 11 GENDER ISSUES IN EDUCATION T3: ST. KITTS & NEVIS GRADE AVERAGES IN SELECT SUBJECTS BY GRADE, SUBJECT AREA AND SEX (2013) GRADE NO.
OF SEX AVERAGES STUDENTS Math Language Science Social Studies Overall Average 3 Overall 4 Overall 5 Overall 6 Overall 272 285 557 305 286 591 306 296 602 336 321 657 F M F M F M F M 36.
The Test of Standards results for 20135 show that: i.

Girls continue to perform better than boys in grades 3 to 6 and on all 4 subjects tested; ii.

Grade 3 results show that both boys and girls achieved an average of more than 50% on all iii.

iv.
iv.

v. subjects; In Grade 4, girls had an average of more than 50% on all subjects, but boys did not achieve an average of 50% on any subject; In Grade 5, boys achieved an average of 50% in Science and Technology and less than 50% in the other subjects while girls had an average of more than 50% in Mathematics and Science and Technology; In Grade 6, the girls had an average of 50% or more on all subjects, whereas the boys had an average of more than 50% on all subjects except Language Arts.
5 Source: St. Kitts-Nevis Ministry of Education Curriculum Development Unit.

Interim Report, Test of Standards 2013.

Prepared by Winsford King, Measurement and Testing Coordinator, Curriculum Development Unit, July 26, 2013, p. 4 33 | P a g e T4: TOP FIVE SUBJECT AREAS OF OPTIONAL ENTRY IN CSEC BY SEX (2012) OPTIONAL SUBJECTS ENTERED (MALES) #1 - Building Technology: (Construction - 8 entries, 100% passes #1 - Home Ec.

Management General: 19 entries, 100% passes COMMENTS One (1 ) female entered for Bldg.
Technology 89 females entered for Home Ec.

Management OPTIONAL SUBJECTS ENTERED (FEMALES) #1 - Physical Education & Sports COMMENTS 60 females entered and scored a 98% pass rate.

# 2-Physical Education and Sport 61 males entered, 98% passed #2 - French General 44 females and 18 males entered for French general #3 - Economics General 18 females entered for Economics General #3 - Home Economic Mgmt General; Food and Nutrition General 89 females entered for Home Ec; 88 for F&N.
#4 - Agricultural Science General 40 males and 64 females entered Agriculture Science #4 - Electronic document prep.

& Mgmt.

General; Office Admin.

general 215 females and 75 males entered for Elec.

Document prep.

134 females and 47 males entered for office admin.

34 | P a g e APPENDIX 12 NATIONAL PRIORITY AREAS FOR EDUCATION AND TRAINING 1.

AGRICULTURE 2.
AGRICULTURE 2.

HOSPITALITY & TOURISM a. Crop/Production b. Natural/Environmental Management c. Livestock Production d. Water Management e. Fisheries Development f. g. Aquaculture h. Food Security Internal/External Marketing a.

Human Resource Development b.

Marketing & Promotion c. Development of natural assets d. Environmental Assessment e. Policy Formulation f. Strategic Planning g. Culinary Arts h. Tourism Management i. Hospitality j.

Tourism Planning k. Event Management 3.

PURE & APPLIED SCIENCES 4.


INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) a. Chemistry-Chemist, Chemical Engineering b.

Biology c. Mathematics d. Physics e. Engineering f. Electrical - Bio-Systems - Water - Environmental Engineering & Management - Marine - Urban Planners g. Entrepreneurship h. Plumbing i.

Architecture j.

Air Conditioning & Refrigeration k. Electricians l. Masons Information Technology/WEBCT Software & Computer Engineering a.

Networking b.
Networking b.

Programming c. d. Computer Maintenance e. f. New & Emerging Technology g. h. Media Skills i. j. ICT for Development Journalism Technology Policy & Management 5.

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ISSUES 6.

CRIMINOLOGY a.

Social Work i.

Medication & Conflict Resolution ii.

Training in Counselling-Pastoral- Family, a. Forensic Pathology b.

Criminal Justice c. Policing marriage, school, child, etc.

b.

Human Services Agency Mgt c. Disaster Management (NEMA, Red Cross, etc.)
d. Social Planning 35 | P a g e 7.

INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING 8.

TEACHER TRAINING a.

Management Training b.

Human Resource Management c. Office Management Administration d. Management Studies e. Management f. Business Management g. Public Administration h. Disaster Management i.

Public & Private Sector Training j.

Project Management k. Medication a.

Mathematics b.

Science c. Special Education d. Hospitality e. Visual & Creative Arts (Dancing, Drama, etc.)

f. Nursing 9.

HEALTH SCIENCES 10.


HUMANITIES a. Psychiatry b.

Nursing Education (midwifery, clinical skills) c. Gerontology (elder care & facility Management d. Public Health e. Pharmaceutical Sciences f. Paediatrician g. Lab Technicians h. Medical Technology i. Dietician a.
Foreign Languages (French & Spanish) b. Education/Teacher Training (Curriculum Development, Research Methods) c. Educational Administration d. Post Grad Studies for Staff e. Special Education Training f. Assessment Learning g. Multi-media Skills & E-Learning via open & distance learning h. Entrepreneurship (short course) i.

Small & medium business development 11.

ECONOMIC & FISCAL MANAGEMENT *Training, Testing & Certification for Engineers & Architects a.

Risk Management & Negotiation b.


Fiscal Management c. Economics d. Financial Investigation e. Post Auditing/Auditing f. Fiscal Surveying g. h. Accounting (CPA, Auditing, Insurance, Banking, Forensic, Management) International Trade i.

Chartered Secretary j.
Professional Secretary k. Physical development l. Small Business Development Source: Ministry of Human Resources, St. Kitts and Nevis 36 | P a g e APPENDIX 13 FEATURES OF THE LABOUR MARKET AND GENDER T5: SKN LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS BY ISLAND (2009) ISLAND SEX Saint Kitts Male Nevis Total Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total EMPLOYMENT STATUS Employed Unemployed Out of the Labour LFPR* % UNEMPLOYMENT RATE % 9,266 9,917 19,182 2,850 2,926 5,776 12,116 12,843 24,958 520 702 1,222 250 263 514 771 965 1,736 Force 2,765 4,495 7,260 970 1,619 2,589 3,735 6,114 9,849 78 70.3 73.8 76.2 66.3 70.8 77.5 69.3 73.0 5.3 6.6 6.0 8.1 8.3 8.2 6.0 7.0 6.5 Source: Labour Force Survey 2009 – Final Report (June 2009) as cited in National Poverty Reduction Strategy for the Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis 2011-2015, p.23.
T6: INDUSTRY BY SEX (NEVIS) INDUSTRY Agriculture & Fishery Mining & Quarrying Manufacturing Gas, Water, Electricity Construction Wholesale & Retail Hotels & Restaurants Transport & Communications Banking, Insurance Real Estate, Renting and Business Services Public Administration Education MALE 85.8% 100.0% 64.7% 45.4% 96.5% 50.9% 42.2% 57.5% 10.3% 50.0% 50.0% 5.3% FEMALE TOTAL N 14.2% 0.0% 35.3% 54.6% 3.5% 49.1% 57.8% 42.5% 89.7% 50.0% 50.0% 94.7% 155 11 156 97 907 766 835 280 329 158 1,008 414 37 | P a g e INDUSTRY MALE FEMALE TOTAL N Health & Social Work Other community, social and personal activities Private Households Total 4.0% 45.7% 15.0% 49.3% 96.0% 54.3% 85.0% 50.7% 275 245 140 5,776 EXAMPLE OF THE NATIONAL SKILLS TRAINING PROGRAMME (NSTP) 37.
Among the criteria for assessment of education and training systems at all levels, should be the extent to which they feed the gender inequities within the labour market or seek to transform them.

The National Skills Training Programme (NSTP), a post-secondary institution whose mission is to create job opportunities through skills training and personal development opens itself to this assessment.
The NSTP evolved from the Non-Formal Youth Skills Training Project which provided training among ex-sugar workers.

38.

Table 7 shows that the choice of subjects by females and males conform to the occupational segregation of the market, for example, males dominate in industrial maintenance and electricity and females dominate the cosmetology and food and beverage sectors.

This reinforces the pattern seen throughout SKN’s system of education and training, as in other countries of the Caribbean and beyond.
These features, among others, support the conclusion of the NPRS that “the country does not have a labour force that is well equipped to participate in the knowledge economy of the 21st century”.6 39.

Interestingly however, there are within these dominant tendencies, indication of changes which are taking place and need to be nurtured as a part of the gender equality reform process.
Within the NSTP, the registration and completion in Basic Electricity by trainees, 20% of whom were females, is an important signal of that change as Table 7 shows.
7 T7: NATIONAL SKILLS TRAINING PROGRAMME: COURSE ENROLLMENT AND COMPLETION BY VOCATIONAL AREA AND SEX (2012) VOCATIONAL AREA ENROLLED COMPLETED Male Female Total N Male Female Total N 10.5% 89.5% 38 6.7% 93.3% 30 Food & Beverage Basic Electricity Air-Conditioning & Refrigeration 100.0% 0.0% 85.7% 14.3% 7 1 80.0% 20.0% 100.0% 0.0% 5 1 *A Ganar/Secondary School Programme 60.8% 39.2% 120 53.2% 46.8% 79 Cosmetology Secretarial Skills Industrial Maintenance 0.0% 7.1% 100.0% 92.9% 100.0% 0.0% 10 14 14 Continuing into 2013 6 Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis ,National Poverty Reduction Strategy, 2012 - 2016, p45.
7 See “Overview and History of NSTP” document provided by the NSTP Office, September 2013.

38 | P a g e VOCATIONAL AREA ENROLLED COMPLETED Total 48.5% 51.5% 204 42.6% 57.4% 115 *These students participated in training at NTSP for 2 days and regular school for other 3 days.

Male Female Total N Male Female Total N 39 | P a g e