Source document: https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697724960894.pdf (Canada)
CANADA–ROMANIA ROMANIA'S PROFILE Economic Indicators Gross domestic product (GDP) at purchasing power parity (PPP): US$506.1 billion (2017) GDP per capita at PPP: US$25,800 (2017) Population: 19.6 million (2017) International merchandise exports and imports: 73.7% of GDP at official exchange rates (2017) Canada's 57 largest merchandise trade partner (2017) Ease of Doing Business ranking: 45 among 190 countries (2017) World Competitiveness ranking: 68 among 137 countries (2017) th th th Notable Trade and Investment Agreements between Canada and Romania Canada–European Union Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (signed, with parts of the agreement provisionally applied) Canada‑Romania Foreign Investment Promotion and Protection Agreement (2011) NOTES The Library of Parliament's Trade and Investment Series provides information on Canada's trade and investment relationship with the world and with selected countries.
It also describes the trade relationship of each of Canada's 10 provinces and three territories with the world.

In addition, it presents Canada's merchandise trade relationship with each of the United States' 50 states.

All figures were prepared using Statistics Canada data available in spring 2018.

To see the data tables used to generate the figures, view the HTML version of this profile at Investment Series 2017 .
Trade and The merchandise trade data are customs‑based; the foreign direct investment data are balance of payments‑based.

Services trade data are unavailable for Romania.

Numbers in this profile have been rounded.

All dollar amounts are in Canadian dollars unless otherwise noted.

Definitions appear at the end of this profile.

The five most highly valued merchandise export and import categories have been identified based on 2017 values.
In the Economic Indicators section, data for GDP at PPP, GDP per capita at PPP, population, and international merchandise exports and imports as a share of GDP are from the World Bank's World Development Indicators database.

The merchandise and services trade rankings are based on Statistics Canada data.

The Ease of Doing Business ranking is from the World Bank's Doing Business project.

The World Competitiveness ranking is from the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report.
Marie Dumont Economics, Resources and International Affairs Division Parliamentary Information and Research Service Publication No.
2018-578-E 21 September 2018 CANADA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE WITH ROMANIA Merchandise Trade ($ millions) 800 600 400 200 0 -200 -400 -600 1997 2002 2007 2012 2017 Exports Imports Balance Share of the Total Value of Canadian Trade 0.10% 0.08% 0.06% 0.04% 0.02% 0.00% 1997 2002 2007 2012 2017 Exports Imports Share of Exports by Province/Territory Ontario, 38.6% Alberta, 7.0% Territories, 0.0% Atlantic, 0.7% Manitoba, 0.4% British Columbia, 9.6% Saskatchewan, 0.2% Quebec, 43.5% Bilateral merchandise trade in 2017: $697.4 million Exports: $144.0 million, a 52.9% increase from 2016 Imports: $553.4 million, a 5.7% increase from 2016 Trade deficit in 2017: $409.4 million, a decrease from $429.4 million in 2016 Exports in 2017: 0.03% of the total value of Canadian exports, an increase from 0.02% in 2016 Imports in 2017: 0.1% of the total value of Canadian imports, unchanged from 2016 Highest‑valued exporters in 2017: Quebec – $62.6 million, an increase from $11.0 million in 2016 Ontario – $55.6 million, a decrease from $58.2 million in 2016 Share of Exports by Sector 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1997 2002 2007 2012 2017 Manufacturing Resources Most Highly Valued Exports by Product Category ($ millions) 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Energy and related Inorganic chemicals Machinery and equipment Ores‚ slag‚ ash Books‚ newspapers‚ etc.
Share of Imports by Sector 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1997 2002 2007 2012 2017 Manufacturing Resources Exports in 2017: Resource‑based goods – 6.3%, a decrease from 9.2% in 2016 Manufactured goods – 93.7%, an increase from 90.8% in 2016 Highest‑valued exports in 2017: Refined oil and uranium, together accounting for 44.8% of the total value of Canadian exports to Romania Refined oil: $38.1 million, an increase from $12 in 2016 Uranium: $26.4 million, a decrease from $35.1 million in 2016 Imports in 2017: Resource‑based goods – 0.6%, a decrease from 3.7% in 2016 Manufactured goods – 99.4%, an increase from 96.3% in 2016 Most Highly Valued Imports by Product Category ($ millions) 400 300 200 100 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Iron‚ steel Ships‚ boats and related Machinery and equipment Clothing‚ apparel (woven) Footwear Trade Balance by Product Category ($ millions) Agriculture and food Metals‚ mines and energy Forest products Machinery and equipment Transportation equipment Clothing and textiles Other manufactured goods -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 Highest‑valued imports in 2017: Semi‑finished iron and non‑alloy steel products, and commercial passenger boats and cargo vessels, together accounting for 34.7% of the total value of Canadian imports from Romania Semi‑finished iron and non‑alloy steel products: $107.1 million, an increase from $10.8 million in 2016 Commercial passenger boats and cargo vessels: $84.7 million, a decrease from $156.3 million in 2016 Largest merchandise trade
 deficit in 2017: Clothing and textiles, at $105.5 million Largest merchandise trade surplus in 2017: Agriculture and food, at $2.3 million CANADA'S FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT WITH ROMANIA Stock of Foreign Direct Investment ($ millions) 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1997 2002 2007 2012 2017 Canadian investment in Romania Share of Foreign Direct Investment Stock 0.05% 0.04% 0.03% 0.02% 0.01% 0.00% 1997 2002 2007 2012 2017 Canadian stock of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Romania as % of total Canadian FDI
 abroad Stock of Canadian direct investment in Romania in 2017: $5.0 million, a 95.2% decrease from 2016 Romania as a destination for Canadian foreign direct investment among the 127 countries for which data were available for 2017: 100 largest th Data on Romanian direct investment in Canada are not available Data on Canadian direct investment in Romania are not available for 1996 to 1998, 2002 and 2006 A statistically insignificant share of Canada's foreign direct investment stock was in Romania in 2017, unchanged from 2016 Data on Romanian direct investment in Canada are not available Data on Canadian direct investment in Romania are not available for 1996 to 1998, 2002 and 2006 DEFINITIONS Definitions Used Throughout the Series Balance of payments–based data Data that calculate trade flows using surveys of the international trade and investment activity of firms and other entities.
Customs-based data Data compiled from declarations that are filed with the Canada Border Services Agency and that are used to track the flow of goods into and out of Canada, with one exception: exports to the United States.

Since 1990, customs-based data on Canadian exports to the United States have been based on declarations filed with U.S. Customs and Border Protection.

Gross domestic product (GDP) Measure of an economy's total production in a given year.
As one entity's income is another entity's spending, GDP is equal to the total value of final sales or to the total value of incomes.

Manufactured goods Finished or semi-finished products resulting from the transformation of materials and substances into new products (North American Industry Classification System, or NAICS, codes 31 to 33), and the output of establishments primarily engaged in operating electric, gas and water utilities (NAICS code 22).
Merchandise trade Trade in physical goods, such as cars, wheat and iron ore. Resource-based goods Products of the agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting sector (North American Industry Classification System, or NAICS, code 11), and of the mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction sector (NAICS code 21).

Services trade Trade in travel, transportation, government and commercial services.
Travel services are goods and services purchased abroad by travellers, with one exception: cross border transportation.

Transportation services are the transportation of goods and cross-border travellers, and related services.

Government services arise largely from official representation and military activities, and some governmental commercial activities.
Commercial services are all other services, such as management, financial or engineering services; this category also includes charges for the use of intellectual property.

Trade balance Difference between the value of exports and the value of imports.

There is a trade surplus if the value of exports exceeds the value of imports.

There is a trade deficit if the value of imports exceeds the value of exports.
Definitions Specific to the Profiles for Countries and Regions Foreign direct investment (FDI) Investment that provides an investor with ownership of at least 10% voting equity in an enterprise that is located in a country other than the investor's country of residence.

The stock of FDI is the value of the accumulated equity owned by investors abroad; the stock changes from year to year based on flows of FDI.
Purchasing power parity (PPP) Ratio of the prices in two countries for identical goods and services.

It is used to adjust economic indicators to account for international price differences.

With a calculation of GDP at PPP, a given good or service has the same price in each country.

Definition Specific to the Profile for Canada's Foreign Direct Investment Relationship with the World Foreign majority-owned affiliates Enterprises in which a foreign business owns more than 50% of voting shares.
Definitions Specific to the Profile for the European Union EU-13 The 13 countries that joined the European Union between 2004 and 2013: Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia.

EU-15 The 15 countries that became members of the European Union before 2004: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom.
Definitions Specific to the Profiles for Provinces and Territories Basic prices Prices received by sellers.

They exclude both taxes and subsidies on products.

Market prices Prices paid by buyers.

They include taxes net of subsidies on products.

© Library of Parliament 2018