Source document: https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697724771798.pdf (Canada)
TRADE AND INVESTMENT CANADA–UNITED STATES UNITED STATES' PROFILE Economic Indicators Gross domestic product (GDP) at purchasing power parity (PPP): US$23.0 trillion (2021) GDP per capita at PPP: US$69,300 (2021) Population: 331.9 million (2021) International merchandise exports and imports: 20.4% of GDP at official exchange rates (2021) Canada’s largest merchandise trade partner (2021) Canada’s largest services trade partner (2020) Notable Trade and Investment Agreements between Canada and the United States Canada–United States–Mexico Agreement (2020) FUNDAMENTALS The Series The Library of Parliament's Trade and Investment series: provides information on Canada's trade and investment relationship with selected countries and regions; and describes the trade relationship of each of Canada's 10 provinces and three territories with the world.
All dollar amounts are in Canadian dollars unless otherwise noted.

Numbers have been rounded.

Definitions appear at the end of the profile.

This Profile The merchandise trade data are customs-based; the services trade data and foreign direct investment data are balance of payments–based.

The five most highly valued merchandise export and import categories have been identified using values for 2021.
The Sources for the “Economic Indicators” Section World Bank's World Development Indicators database GDP at PPP, GDP per capita at PPP, population, and international merchandise exports and imports as a share of GDP All figures were prepared using Statistics Canada data available in summer 2022.

Statistics Canada For the data tables used to generate the figures, see the HTML version of this profile at Trade and Investment Series 2021.
Merchandise and services trade rankings Anne-Marie Therrien-Tremblay Economics, Resources and International Affairs Division Parliamentary Information, Education and Research Services Publication No.
2022-515-E 14 July 2022 CANADA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES Merchandise Trade ($ billions) 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2001 2006 2011 2016 2021 Exports Imports Balance Share of the Total Value of Canadian Trade 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2001 2006 2011 2016 2021 Exports Imports Share of Exports by Province/Territory Bilateral merchandise trade in 2021: $774.3 billion Exports: $476.6 billion, a 24.4% increase from 2020 Imports: $297.7 billion, a 12.3% increase from 2020 Trade surplus in 2021: $178.8 billion, an increase from $117.8 billion in 2020 Exports in 2021: 75.5% of the total value of Canadian exports, an increase from 73.3% in 2020 Imports in 2021: 48.5% of the total value of Canadian imports, a decrease from 48.8% in 2020 Highest‑valued exporters in 2021: Ontario – $195.0 billion, an increase from $180.6 billion in 2020 Alberta – $122.7 billion, an increase from $77.6 billion in 2020 Ontario British Columbia Alberta Manitoba Quebec Saskatchewan Atlantic provinces Territories Share of Exports by Sector 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 Manufacturing Resources Most Highly Valued Exports by Product Category ($ billions) 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Energy and related Motor vehicles‚ parts Machinery and equipment Wood‚ articles thereof Plastics‚ articles thereof Share of Imports by Sector 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 Manufacturing Resources Exports in 2021:
 Resource-based goods – 30.0%, an increase from 24.7% in 2020 Manufactured goods – 70.0%, a decrease from 75.3% in 2020 Highest‑valued exports in 2021: Crude oil and motor vehicles, together accounting for 28.0% of the total value of Canadian exports to the United States Crude oil: $100.0 billion, an increase from $61.4 billion in 2020 Motor vehicles: $33.3 billion, a decrease from $39.9 billion in 2020 Imports in 2021: Resource-based goods – 10.1%, an increase from 9.8% in 2020 Manufactured goods – 89.9%, a decrease from 90.2% in 2020 Most Highly Valued Imports by Product Category ($ billions) 200 150 100 50 0 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Motor vehicles‚ parts Machinery and equipment Energy and related Plastics‚ articles thereof Electrical‚ electronics‚ etc.
Trade Balance by Product Category ($ billions) Agriculture and food Metals‚ mines and energy Forest products Machinery and equipment Transportation equipment Clothing and textiles Other manufactured goods -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Highest‑valued imports in 2021: Motor vehicles, and trucks and other goods‑transporting vehicles, together accounting for 10.7% of the total value of Canadian imports from the United States Motor vehicles: $17.2 billion, an increase from $14.3 billion in 2020 Trucks and other goods transporting vehicles: $14.8 billion, an increase from $14.0 billion in 2020 Largest merchandise trade deficit in 2021: Machinery and equipment, at $9.8 billion Largest merchandise trade surplus in 2021: Metals, mines and energy, at $133.2 billion CANADA'S SERVICES TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES Services Trade ($ billions) 100 80 60 40 20 0 -20 Bilateral services trade in 2020: $140.4 billion Exports: $68.1 billion, a 14.2% decrease from 2019 Imports: $72.3 billion, a 20.7% decrease from 2019 Trade deficit in 2020: $4.2 billion, a decrease from $11.7 billion in 2019 -40 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Exports Imports Balance Services Trade Balance by Type ($ billions) Services trade deficit in 2020: Largely due to travel services trade 4 2 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 -10 -12 -14 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Travel services Commercial services Transportation and government services Travel services Exports: $1.8 billion Imports: $8.0 billion Commercial services Exports: $58.6 billion Imports: $57.3 billion Transportation and
 government services Exports: $7.7 billion Imports: $7.0 billion CANADA'S FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT WITH THE UNITED STATES Stock of Foreign Direct Investment ($ billions) 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2001 2006 2011 2016 2021 Canadian investment in the United States U.S. investment in Canada Share of Foreign Direct Investment Stock 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2001 2006 2011 2016 2021 Canadian stock of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the United States as % of total Canadian FDI abroad Stock of
 FDI in Canada of U.S. origin as % of total FDI in Canada Stock of Canadian direct investment in the United States in 2021: $744.9 billion, an 8.8% increase from 2020 United States as a destination for Canadian foreign direct investment among the 133 countries for which data were available for 2021: Largest Stock of U.S. direct investment in Canada in 2021: $500.7 billion, an 8.9% increase from 2020 United States as a source of foreign direct investment in Canada among the 66 countries for which data were available for 2021: Largest 47.9% of Canada’s foreign direct investment stock was in the United States in 2021, an increase from 46.0% in 2020 46.3% of the foreign direct investment stock in Canada was of U.S. origin in 2021, an increase from 45.8% in 2020 DEFINITIONS Definitions Used Throughout the Series Balance of payments–based data Data that indicate the value of transactions between a country's residents and non‑residents.
Customs-based data Data compiled from declarations that are filed with the Canada Border Services Agency and that are used to track the flow of goods into and out of Canada, with one exception: exports to the United States.

Since 1990, customs‑based data on most Canadian exports to the United States have been based on declarations filed with U.S. Customs and Border Protection.

Gross domestic product (GDP) Measure of an economy's total production in a given year.
Manufactured goods Finished or semi‑finished products resulting from the transformation of materials and substances into new products (North American Industry Classification System, or NAICS, codes 31 to 33), and the output of establishments primarily engaged in operating electric, gas and water utilities (NAICS code 22).
Merchandise trade Trade in physical goods, such as cars, wheat and iron ore. Resource-based goods Products of the agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting sector (North American Industry Classification System, or NAICS, code 11), and of the mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction sector (NAICS code 21).

Services trade Trade in travel, transportation, government and commercial services.
Travel services are goods and services purchased abroad by travellers, with one exception: cross‑border transportation.

Transportation services are the transportation of goods and cross‑border travellers, and related services.

Government services arise largely from official representation and military activities, and some governmental commercial activities.
Commercial services are all other services, such as management, financial or engineering services; this category also includes charges for the use of intellectual property.

Trade balance Difference between the value of exports and the value of imports.

There is a trade surplus if the value of exports exceeds the value of imports.

There is a trade deficit if the value of imports exceeds the value of exports.
Definitions Specific to the Profiles for Countries and Regions Foreign direct investment (FDI) Investment that provides an investor with ownership of at least 10% voting equity in an enterprise that is located in a country other than the investor's country of residence.

The stock of FDI is the value of the accumulated equity owned by investors abroad; the stock changes from year to year based on various factors, including flows of FDI.
Purchasing power parity (PPP) Ratio of the prices in two countries for identical goods and services.

It is used to adjust economic indicators to account for international price differences.

With a calculation of GDP at PPP, a given good or service has the same price in each country.
Definitions Specific to the Profile for the European Union EU-13 The 13 countries that joined the European Union between 2004 and 2013: Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia.

EU-14 Fourteen of the 15 countries that became members of the European Union before 2004: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and Sweden.
The 15 country, the United Kingdom, withdrew from the European Union on 31 January 2020. th Definitions Specific to the Profiles for Provinces and Territories Basic prices Prices received by sellers.

They exclude both taxes and subsidies on products.

Market prices Prices paid by buyers.

They include taxes net of subsidies on products.