Source document: https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1694422166433.pdf (Singapore)
CENSUS OF POPULATION Administrative Report 2020 www.singstat.gov.sg Census of Population 2020 : Administrative Report ISBN 978-981-18-1383-2 © Department of Statistics, Ministry of Trade & Industry, Republic of Singapore Reproducing or quoting any part of this publication is permitted, provided this publication is accredited as the source.
Please refer to the Statistics Singapore Website Terms of Use (http://www.singstat.gov.sg/terms-of-use) for more details on the conditions of use of this publication PREFACE The Census of Population 2020 was the sixth census carried out in Singapore since Independence and the fifteenth in the series of census taking from 1871.

The census is the most comprehensive source of information on population and households and provides benchmark data for demographic and social statistics.
Similar to Census 2000 and 2010, Census 2020 adopted a register-based approach with a large-scale sample survey.

Basic population count and characteristics were compiled from administrative records.

More detailed information on language, economic characteristics, transport, religion, difficulty in performing basic activities as well as housing and household characteristics were obtained from a sample enumeration of about 150,000 households.
For Census 2020, a tri-modal data collection strategy comprising Internet enumeration, Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) and face-to-face interviews using mobile devices was adopted to facilitate data collection for the households in the census sample.

Leveraging technological advances, machine learning was also applied to improve the data processing processes.

This Administrative Report provides a comprehensive documentation of the Census of Population 2020 planning and operations.
It outlines the major milestones including preparations for the sample enumeration, implementation of the IT application system as well as documenting the collection, processing, dissemination, administrative activities and resources utilised to conduct Census 2020.

In addition, adjustments made to adapt to the new operating environment for the Census operations in view of the COVID-19 situation were also discussed.
I would like to thank all who have, in one way or another, contributed to the success of Census 2020, which was conducted under challenging conditions with the evolving COVID-19 situation in 2020.

My deep appreciation is extended to all participating households who had given their full support and cooperation to the Census.

The contributions of government ministries and statutory boards, which provided pertinent information for Census 2020, are also gratefully acknowledged.
Wong Wee Kim Chief Statistician Singapore June 2021 i Our Vision National Statistical Service of Quality, Integrity and Expertise Our Mission We deliver Insightful Statistics and Trusted Statistical Services that Empower Decision Making Our Guiding Principles Professionalism & Expertise We adhere to professional ethics and develop statistical competency to produce quality statistics that comply with international concepts and best practices.

Relevance We produce statistics that users need and trust.
& Reliability Accessibility We facilitate ease of access to our statistics through user-friendly platforms.

Confidentiality We protect the confidentiality of individual information collected by us.

Timeliness We disseminate statistics at the earliest possible date while maintaining data quality.

Innovation We constantly seek ways to improve our processes, leveraging on new technology, to deliver better products and services to users.
Collaboration We engage users on data needs, data providers and respondents on supply of data, and undertake the role of national statistical coordination.

Effectiveness We optimise resource utilisation, leveraging on administrative and alternative data sources to ease respondent burden.

ii CONTENTS Page Preface Chapter 1 Introduction to Population Census 2020 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 What is a Census?
Significance and Objectives of the Census History of Census – How Singapore’s Censuses Evolved Register-Based Census Concept and Coverage Tri-Modal Data Collection Strategy Legal Authority Census Planning and Broad Schedule of Census Activities Chapter 2 Planning and Preparation for Sample Enumeration 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Sample Design and Selection Conduct of the Labour Force Survey as a Sub-Sample of Census 2020 Data Items Collected in the Census 2020 Updates to Singapore Standard Statistical Classifications Pilot Survey Survey of Large Households (SLHH) Chapter 3 Data Collection 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 Overview Workflow of Census Batches Infrastructure Set-Up for Data Collection Easing Respondents’ Burden Internet Submission Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) Face-to-Face Interviews / Fieldwork Operations Non-Response Follow-Up i 3 3 3 4 4 4 6 6 10 10 11 15 18 19 22 23 24 25 26 30 38 40 iii CONTENTS (Cont’d) Chapter 4 Data Processing and Dissemination 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Data Processing Quality Assurance Response Rate and Mode of Response Data Dissemination Confidentiality, Privacy and Security Chapter 5 Organisation and Administration Office Set-Up and Selection of Field Regional Offices Census Budget IT Procurement and Management of Census IT System Census Staff Training Publicity and Respondent Relations Management 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Appendices A B C D E F G H I J K L Census 2020 List of Census Officers IT Services and Support Extracts from the Statistics Act (Chapter 317)
 Census 2020 Fieldwork Regions Publicity Posters and Materials Census 2020 Information Pamphlet Census 2020 Internet User Guide Census 2020 Notification and Reminder Letters Census 2020 Survey Forms Census 2020 – Other Census Materials (incl.
Identification Badge, Letter of Authorisation, Visitation Card, Certificate of Service, etc) Acronyms Used in Census 2020 Releases Census 2020 Press Release Page 44 47 47 48 49 52 54 54 55 57 60 71 75 77 80 81 88 93 99 107 124 129 131 iv CONTENTS (Cont’d) Appendices M N O P Q R S Article on “Head Count: The History of Census-Taking in Singapore in National Library Board’s BiblioAsia Publication (Jan – Mar 2020 Issue) Article on Census of Population 2020 (Statistics Singapore Newsletter (SSN) Issue 2 2019) Article on Conducting Census of Population in Singapore Amidst COVID-19 (SSN Issue 2 2020) Article on Census of Population 2020 – Modes of Submission and Reminders Amidst COVID-19 (SSN Issue 1 2021) Glossary of Terms and Definitions Sample Design and Sampling Variability Census 2020 Call Centre and DP Centre 134 141 142 145 152 166 173 v Introduction to Population Census 2020 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO POPULATION CENSUS 2020 1.1 WHAT IS A CENSUS?
The United Nations (UN) Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housing Censuses defines a population census as “the total process of planning, collecting, compiling, evaluating, disseminating and analysing demographic, economic and social data at the smallest geographic level pertaining, at a specified time, to all persons in a country or in a well-delimited part of a country.” 1 1.2 SIGNIFICANCE AND OBJECTIVES OF THE CENSUS Singapore conducts the population census once in ten years, during years ending with “0”.
This is in line with the UN’s recommendation for countries to conduct the national censuses at least once every 10 years, in or close to years ending with “0”, to allow for better international comparability of census data.

The Census is the most comprehensive source of information providing a statistical profile of the population and households in Singapore.

It collects information from the population and households and provides benchmark data for demographic and socio-economic statistics.
The large sample size and coverage of the Census facilitate analyses on different population groups by fine disaggregation and by geographical area.

Hence, the Census is considered an exercise of national importance.

Data from the Census provide key information that is used to inform public policy studies, private business decision making and for research and analysis.
1.3 HISTORY OF CENSUS – HOW SINGAPORE’S CENSUSES EVOLVED The Census of Population 2020 (Census 2020) is the sixth population census carried out since Independence and the fifteenth in Singapore since census taking first began in 1871.

It is also the third register-based Census conducted.

The history and key developments in census taking are discussed in the Statistics Singapore Newsletter (SSN2) Issue 2 2019 (see Appendix N).
1 United Nations Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housing Censuses Revision 3 (2017), p 2.

2 For this and other acronyms of terms used in the Census, please refer to Appendix K. 3 1.4 REGISTER-BASED CENSUS The Census 2020 adopted a register-based approach with a large-scale sample survey.

Unlike in a traditional Census where everyone in Singapore had to be surveyed, the register-based Census provided for a full coverage on basic items through administrative records.
Basic population count and characteristics such as age, sex, ethnic group, place of birth, type of dwelling, geographical distribution and other basic demographic statistics were obtained from multiple administrative sources.

The sample survey conducted during the same reference period supplemented the administrative data with detailed survey information on selected topics.
In 2020, a sample enumeration of about 150,000 households was conducted to obtain additional in-depth studies but not available from administrative sources.

These included marital status and fertility, education and language spoken, literacy, economic characteristics, mode of transport, religion, difficulty in performing basic activities as well as housing and household characteristics.
information useful for The approach of using comprehensive up-to-date administrative databases, and the large-scale survey for the Census resulted in reduced response burden for the population and savings arising from lower manpower and resource demands.

1.5 CONCEPT AND COVERAGE Along with the register-based approach, the Census 2020 adopted the de jure concept for Singapore’s population estimates based on a person’s place of usual residence.
Under the de jure concept of “usual residence”, Singapore residents (citizens and permanent residents) with valid local addresses and who were not away from Singapore for a continuous period of 12 months or longer were included in the total population count.

Non-residents comprising foreigners who were working, studying or living in Singapore but not granted permanent residence were also included in the total population.

The transient population, such as tourists and short- term visitors, was excluded.
The Census reference date was set as 30 June 2020, in line with the mid-year reference point where administrative data were updated.

1.6 TRI-MODAL DATA COLLECTION STRATEGY To facilitate data collection for the sample enumeration, the Census 2020 retained the tri-modal data collection strategy.

The tri-modal approach was first successfully implemented in the Census 2000 and improved in Census 2010.
This 4 approach comprising Internet submission, Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) and face-to-face interviews was further refined in Census 2020.

Face-to-face interviews were carried out via a web-based survey form using mobile devices and the data collection process was fully integrated with secured wireless real-time data transmissions instead of having the need to synchronise the mobile devices with the System as implemented during Census 2010.
1.6.1 Internet Submission The Internet submission was first made available to respondents in Census 2000.

Over the years, adoption rate grew and it was the most common mode used by respondents to submit their survey returns for Census 2020.

Available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, Internet submission provided respondents with the flexibility to access the system and provide their survey returns directly using any Internet-accessible device (e.g.
desktop, laptop, tablet or smartphone), on-the-go, without having to go through a third party (i.e.

the interviewer).

In light of the COVID-19 situation, this self-enumeration mode allowed respondents to stay home while providing their responses to Census 2020 without any need for physical interaction with our field interviewers.
1.6.2 Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing CATI is a tried-and-tested data collection strategy, having been deployed in Censuses 2000 and 2010 as well as General Household Surveys (GHS) 1995 and 2005.

For respondents who were unable to complete their survey returns via the Internet, the Census 2020 CATI Hotline was available for them to provide their survey returns over the phone.
CATI interviewers also contacted households which did not complete their survey returns by a stipulated date for telephone interviews.

The Census 2020 Hotline was in operation 7 days a week, including public holidays from 9 am to 10.30 pm, to provide convenience to respondents who required assistance to complete the survey.

1.6.3 Fieldwork Fieldwork, or face-to-face interviews, has the longest history among the three data collection modes.
For households which did not respond via the Internet and could not be contacted by CATI interviewers after several attempts, visits were made by field interviewers to conduct face-to-face interviews.

Respondents who preferred 5 to be contacted in person could also opt for the face-to-face interviews where the Census 2020 survey officers would visit and collect the information from their homes.

Tablets were used in the Census 2020 field collection.
Data were captured and updated to the system directly with authentication processes in place to prevent unauthorised access.

The use of tablets enhanced the data security for respondents’ survey returns.

Automatic branching of questions, consistency checks and electronically coded data were captured directly in the field to reduce back-end processing efforts.

With this, the need for households to be re-contacted subsequently after the face-to-face interview was reduced.
1.7 LEGAL AUTHORITY The Census 2020 was conducted under the Statistics Act (relevant parts extracted in Appendix C).

All data collected will be kept in confidence in accordance with the Statistics Act and used solely for statistical purposes.

1.8 CENSUS PLANNING AND BROAD SCHEDULE OF CENSUS ACTIVITIES As the Census is the largest national statistical exercise to meet the data needs of the government and population, various Ministries were consulted as part of Census planning.
Planning for the Census 2020 started in the Department of Statistics (DOS) in January 2017, with the review of the approach and budget.

User consultation was carried out shortly after to seek inputs on the data items to be included in the Census questionnaire.

Areas for improvement identified from the previous Census were also taken into consideration to make refinements to the question phrasing and operational flow.
The drawing up of the Census 2020 IT tender specifications, calling of open tender and evaluation took place from January 2018 to January 2019.

The development work of the IT system, user experience design and testing with the vendor spanned from February 2019 to January 2020.

The Census 2020 was officially launched on 4 February 2020.
Arising from the COVID-19 outbreak and the Circuit Breaker (CB) measures taken during 7 April – 1 June 2020 to control its spread, the timeline for the conduct of the Census was impacted.

The Census team swiftly made adjustments and adapted to the new operating environment for the Census operations.

Details on adjustments would be elaborated under the respective sections.

6 Overall, during the CB, operations at the Census 2020 Call Centre and fieldwork were suspended.
Operations were performed via telecommuting.

Fieldwork only resumed in mid-July 2020, with data collection completed in December 2020.

While data processing started in end March 2020, it was also suspended during CB and only resumed in end June 2020 and continued through January 2021.

The detailed statistical releases from the Census findings were released in June 2021.

A schedule of the key activities is shown in Chart 1.1.
Chart 1.1: Project Timeline 7 Planning and Preparation for Sample Enumeration CHAPTER 2 PLANNING AND PREPARATION FOR SAMPLE ENUMERATION Census 2020 adopted the register-based approach, similar to Census 2010.

In addition to information obtained from merged administrative records in the national databases, more in-depth information was collected through a sample survey of close to 150,000 households in Singapore.

This represented about 10 per cent of the 1.4 million households in Singapore in 2020.
To ensure the smooth running of the Census, careful planning and preparations were made prior to the actual conduct of the Census.

Preparations included reviewing the sampling methodology, seeking users' inputs and finalising the list of Census data items, updating the national standard classifications, refining the workflow to manage the expected case load and conducting a pilot survey before the start of the main Census operations.
2.1 SAMPLE DESIGN AND SELECTION This section outlines the Census 2020 sample design and selection.

A separate detailed write-up on the sampling variability and errors is included in Appendix R. The sample for the Census 2020 was selected from a sampling frame comprising all residential dwelling units in Singapore.

As the sample survey of the Census 2020 covered only households in residential dwellings, institutions such as nursing homes, hostels and hotels were excluded from the frame.
The sample was selected based on a stratified design.

Dwelling units in the sampling frame were divided into different groups.

The groups are defined based on the planning areas demarcated by the Urban Redevelopment Authority and broad dwelling type groups.

A random sample was then selected from the different groups by systematic sampling with a random start.

The samples selected from each group were combined to form the sample of about 150,000 dwelling units.
2.2 CONDUCT OF THE LABOUR FORCE SURVEY AS A SUB-SAMPLE OF CENSUS 2020 As with the approach adopted in Census 2010 where Ministry of Manpower (MOM)’s Comprehensive Labour Force Survey (CLFS) was carried out as a sub-sample of the Census 2010, the Census 2020 also leveraged the 2020 CLFS.

The approach ensured that there was no overlap in households selected for the two major surveys and allowed for a continuous and consistent series of annual labour statistics from the 10 CLFS.
As a result, respondents selected only needed to respond once to either the main Census sample or the CLFS sub-sample.

In 2020, the CLFS sub-sample constituted about one-fifth of the overall sample and covered detailed labour-force related items besides questions asked in the main Census.

Since the 2020 CLFS would be conducted concurrently with the Census 2020, there was a need for a common understanding and treatment to be applied for all data items collected.
The Census-CLFS Workgroup was set up to ensure meaningful consolidated results at the end of the two surveys.

Discussions were held between the two teams on details pertaining to data items to be collected, phrasing of the questions and the standardisation of concepts and definitions.

Operational matters such as publicity, tokens of appreciation and matters involving communications to the public, were also under the purview of this Workgroup.
Arising from the COVID-19 situation and disruptions during the survey period, the Workgroup worked closely together to ensure common understanding and consistent treatment of new scenarios.

2.3 DATA ITEMS COLLECTED IN THE CENSUS 2020 As part of the planning for Census 2020, DOS undertook an extensive user consultation on the data requirements for the Census involving all ministries and their statutory boards from August 2017 to May 2018.
This consultation process helped in planning for a census responsive to users’ needs for relevant and meaningful statistics.

2.3.1 Selection Criteria Multiple factors were taken into account when selecting the data items to be included in the Census enumeration.

The final data items selected had an impact on the format of the questionnaire, accuracy and quality of respondents’ survey returns, resources needed for data processing and schedule for the Census releases.
Each data requirement was evaluated carefully based on the principles of national priority, suitability of topics for collection via a large-scale census, the need for data at small area level and availability of alternative or close complementary data.

These guiding principles were in accordance with the UN Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housing Censuses.

11 Table 2.3.1: Selection Criteria No.


Guiding Principle National priority 1 2 3 4 Suitability of topics for collection via a large- scale census Need for data at small area level Availability of alternative or close complementary data Consideration The census topics should have wide relevance and meet the needs of a broad range of data users, including users in the government, private sector as well as members of the public.
Topics should be those that respondents are able to provide accurate information on.

Sensitive questions which require detailed probing or explanations should be avoided as self- enumeration without assistance from interviewers and proxy reporting where one member reports for the whole household are commonly practised.
The need to have small area statistics should be considered ahead of information needed for the general population, which may be available from other sources including smaller sample surveys.

In evaluating the requirements, alternative sources of close complementary data should be considered if available.

These include alternative administrative data or customised surveys.
2.3.2 Data Items DOS received a total of 108 data requirements from government agencies for Census 2020 and assessed the need for 135 unique data items including those from past Censuses.

Detailed discussions were held with various agencies on the proposed data items for inclusion in the Census 2020 to ensure timeliness, relevance, practicability and quality of the Census.
Through this iterative process and after much deliberation, a final list of data items was streamlined to 64 and endorsed by the ministries in May 2018.
The endorsed list was grouped into the following broad categories: a) Demographic and social characteristics b) Household and housing characteristics c) Economic and educational characteristics d) Transport e) Difficulty in performing basic activities Of the 64 items, 13 items were obtained directly from the Household Registration Database (HRD) and administrative databases maintained by DOS.

The remaining items not available from the HRD were collected from the large-scale sample survey.
Compared with the 2010 Census, 8 new data items were collected in Census 2020.

These related to information on difficulty in performing basic activities, 12 workplace location and second most frequently spoken language at home.
The full list of data items is given below: Table 2.3.2: List of Data Items@ Demographic & Social Characteristics 1 2 Name^ Singapore National Registration Identity Card (NRIC)/ Foreign Identification Number (FIN)^ Sex^ Identification Type^ Ethnic Group/Dialect Group^ Date of Birth/Age^ Marital Status Religion Languages Literate In Language/Dialect Most Frequently Spoken at Home Language/Dialect Second Most Frequently Spoken at Home International Migration Characteristics 12 13 14 Country of Birth^ Citizenship^ If residing outside Singapore, - Country Currently In - Reason for Living Abroad Household Characteristics 15 Relationship to Household Reference Person (refers to “head of household” in previous censuses) Parent-Child Linkage Spouse Linkage 16 17 Housing 18 19 Type of Present Dwelling^ Tenancy of Present Dwelling Fertility 20 Number of Children Born Alive (for all females) [New Item] 13 Table 2.3.2: List of Data Items@ (Cont’d) Level of Education Attending Highest Academic Grade/Qualification Attained Educational Characteristics 21 22 23 Major Field of Study (for polytechnic/university graduates) 24 Country Where Highest Qualification Was Attained (for polytechnic/university graduates) 25 Whether Acquired Vocational Qualification^ 26 27 28 Type of Vocational Qualification Acquired^ Field of Study of Vocational Qualification^ Educational Institution Where Vocational Qualification was Obtained^ Occupation/Job Title Current Economic Activity Status Employment Status Name of
 Employer/Firm Employment Characteristics 29 30 31 32 Main Business/Activity or Main Products/Services 33 34 Main Tasks and Duties 35 Workplace Location 36 37 38 39 Nature of Employment Usual Number of Hours Worked Per Week Income from Work, Excluding Bonus Bonus Received in Last 12 Months Job Mobility & Underemployment 40 41 42 43 Duration of Present Job* Previous Occupation – Job Title* Previous Occupation – Main Tasks and Duties* Previous Industry – Main Business Activity or Main Products/Services* 44 Willingness to
 Work for Additional Hours* Availability for Additional Work* 45 Economic Characteristics of Non-Working Persons 46 Whether Available to Start Work in the Next 2 Weeks 47 Whether Any Action to Look for Work in the Last 4 Weeks Action Taken to Look for Work 48 49 Main Reason for Not Working 50 Whether Worked Before* 51 52 When Left Last Job* 53 Main Reason for Leaving Last Job* Duration of Unemployment* [New Item] 14 Table 2.3.2: List of Data Items@ (Cont’d) Income from Non-work Sources Rental Income* 54 Investment Income* 55 Income from Other Sources* 56 Transport 57 58 Usual Mode of Transport to Work/School Usual Travelling Time to Work/School Difficulty in Performing Basic Activities# [New Topic: 6 New Items] 59 60 61 Difficulty seeing, even if wearing glasses Difficulty hearing, even if using a hearing aid Difficulty with body movement activities such as: (a) walking or climbing steps; or (b) transferring from bed to chair/wheelchair (and vice versa) Difficulty remembering or concentrating Difficulty with self-care activities such as: (a) washing all over (bath/shower) or dressing; (b) feeding; or (c) using the toilet Difficulty communicating, for example understanding or being understood using usual (customary) language 62 63 64 @ A copy of the Census 2020 survey form is available in Appendix I.
^ Items obtained from administrative sources.

* Items covered in the CLFS sub-sample only.

# Broadly based on Washington Group’s Questions on Disability, with slight modifications to incorporate agencies’ requirements.

2.4 UPDATES TO SINGAPORE STANDARD STATISTICAL CLASSIFICATIONS The adoption of a common framework for classifying statistical information in the collection, analysis and dissemination of statistics ensures consistency and comparability of data.
This in turn facilitates data sharing and analysis among data producers and users.

In the run-up to the Census 2020, the national standard statistical classifications for occupation, industry and education were reviewed and updated.

15 A working group, comprising representatives from key ministries and agencies which produce and/or use the data, was formed to facilitate the review of each classification.
Inputs were also obtained from the relevant government ministries and statutory boards who were key users of the data.

Revisions to the classifications were aligned to international classifications with appropriate modifications to take into account Singapore’s context.

2.4.1 Occupational Classification The Singapore Standard Occupational Classification (SSOC) 2020 adopts the basic framework of the International Standard Classification of Occupations 2008 (ISCO-08).
The SSOC is a classification of occupations according to the type of work performed.

Its primary objective is to classify the occupations of the civilian working population, but with provisions for the collective classification of those in the armed services and the foreign diplomatic personnel.

It is not applicable to the economically inactive population such as housewives, full-time students, retired persons and social volunteers.
The basic principle used in the classification of occupations in the SSOC 2020 is the main type of work performed.

Persons who perform the same principal tasks are considered as doing the same type of work and classified under the same occupational group irrespective of work experience, skills and qualifications.

Besides formal educational qualifications, skill levels can take the form of professional certification, informal training and experience.
The SSOC 2020 comprises five levels of aggregation, namely Major Group, Sub- major Group, Minor Group, Unit Group and Occupation.

A numerical five-digit coding system is used to distinguish the different levels of classification.

The numbering system in skill specialisation from the highest level of aggregation (1-digit) to the lowest level (5- digit).

This allows users the flexibility to tabulate, analyse and publish data according to the level of detail required.
in nature, showing progressively finer details is hierarchical For the Census 2020, occupations were captured and coded to the 5-digit level of the SSOC 2020, which was one level more detailed than the 2010 occupational data.

16 2.4.2 Industrial Classification The Singapore Standard Industrial Classification (SSIC) 2020 adopts the basic framework of the International Standard Industrial Classification Revision 4 (ISIC Rev.

4).
4).

The classification incorporates recent changes in economic activities to better reflect the current structure of Singapore’s economy.

The SSIC is a classification of economic activities undertaken by economic units.

It does not draw distinction according to the type of ownership, type of legal organisation or mode of operation.
Economic units which engage in the same or similar kind of economic activity are classified under the same SSIC category, irrespective of whether they are corporate entities or government units, or operate in the formal or informal sector.

Like the SSOC, the SSIC 2020 is a classification with a hierarchical structure and uses a numerical five-digit coding system to distinguish the different levels of classification.
Similarly, data on industries in the Census 2020 were captured and coded to the 5-digit level of the SSIC 2020, one level more detailed than the 2010 industry data.
2.4.3 Educational Classification The Singapore Standard Educational Classification (SSEC) 2020 makes reference to and is consistent with the basic framework and principles of the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) 2011 and the ISCED Fields of Education and Training (ISCED-F) 2013 developed by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics (UIS).
It consists of three components: - Classification of Level of Education Attending - Classification of Educational Qualification Attained - Classification of Field of Study The hierarchical structure of the SSEC is defined by aggregation levels and groups which use Singapore’s present education system and the formal educational qualifications currently awarded in Singapore as the basis.
For educational programmes offered in Singapore based on foreign education systems, and qualifications which were awarded in Singapore in the past or those awarded overseas, the approximate equivalence to the current system and qualifications in Singapore are used to facilitate the appropriate classification.
17 The SSEC 2020 has been revised to maintain relevance by taking into account changes in Singapore’s education landscape, as well as changes in international standards to allow for international comparability.

In addition to changes in the education and certification systems, developments in the Continuing Education and Training (CET) programmes and qualification/certification systems to upgrade the workforce under the Skills Framework have also been taken into consideration when revising the SSEC 2020.
2.5 PILOT SURVEY 2.5.1 Objectives and Key Features Pilot surveys are conducted prior to major surveys to help identify and rectify potential operational issues before the actual survey.

As the data collection modes adopted for the Census 2020 were largely similar to earlier surveys, a pilot survey for the Census was conducted with officers from DOS who were not directly involved in the Census to minimise the resource requirements and potential response burden for the public.
Officers were notified via email and provided information about the pilot survey, submission mode and assigned House ID.

The pilot survey was conducted from 16 to 26 December 2019.
The main objectives of the pilot survey were as follows: a) To test the workflow for Internet submission and CATI in operation and fine- tune the work and system processes for the actual survey; b) To test the robustness of the system to handle volume and implementation of Internet submission, inbound and outbound calls at the Census 2020 Call Centre as an integrated system; c) To evaluate question wording and flow, particularly new items/revised phrasing, as part of pre-testing and identify areas for improvements; and d) To fine-tune operational procedures and enhance training, logistics support and progress management.
2.5.2 Refinements Following the Pilot Survey Feedback from the pilot survey was obtained from both DOS officers and Census officers for evaluation.

From these feedback, areas for improvements were identified, workflow and system processes were fine-tuned.

18 Some of the key refinements included the following: a) Improved the system performance of the Internet submission system to reduce the loading time for enumeration screens; b) Improved the onscreen display, i.e.
placement of questions, questionnaire phrasing and options for selecting responses; c) Refined call services and quality for calls made/received at the call centre; and d) Updated training materials with more specific examples and improvement to survey processes.

The improvements to the system and the workflow were carried out with respondents’ convenience in mind as well as to improve efficiency and effectiveness on the conduct of Census 2020.
These refinements were tested again on a smaller group and implemented before the actual launch of the Census.

2.6 SURVEY OF LARGE HOUSEHOLDS (SLHH) 2.6.1 Fieldwork for Large Households In Census 2010, the Survey of Large Households (SLHH) was conducted prior to the main Census 2010 to improve the efficiency during the fieldwork operations.

The SLHH covered households that were large in size and potentially more difficult to enumerate.
For the conduct of the SLHH which started from 7 February 2020, dwelling units in the Census 2020 sample containing 12 or more persons were allocated to fieldwork senior supervisors and supervisors to enumerate using tablets prior to the start of the main fieldwork operations.

As some field supervisors were newly appointed, the SLHH also allowed them to gain first-hand experience of the field planning and data collection processes.
In light of the COVID-19 outbreak in early 2020, Singapore raised its Disease Outbreak Response System Condition (DORSCON) level from Yellow to Orange on 7 February 2020.

Additional precautionary measures were swiftly put in place to ensure the well-being of everyone.
Some of the essential adjustments included the suspension of field visits with the surveys completed with respondents over the phone unless there had been prior letters to arrangements for fieldwork appointment, and sending reminder respondents to encourage them to respond via Internet or Census 2020 Hotline as far as possible.

19 Data Collection CHAPTER 3 DATA COLLECTION 3.1 OVERVIEW The Census 2020 enumeration was officially launched on 4 February 2020.
A tri-modal data collection strategy, comprising the Internet submission, CATI and face- to-face interviews, was implemented to facilitate data collection from about 150,000 households during the enumeration period from February to end 2020.

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic posed unprecedented challenges for the conduct of Census 2020.

Adjustments were made to the data collection strategy and timeline, in response to the COVID-19 situation.
The Census field operations were scaled down significantly, including being suspended from April to mid-July 2020.

At the early stage of the Census, face-to-face visits were arranged only upon request from mid-February to early March 2020.

To safeguard the well-being of the field staff and the Census respondents, such visits were only carried out after health and travel declarations were obtained from households who had requested for face- to-face interviews.
Field staff were also provided with surgical face masks for their face-to-face visits with survey respondents.

Households were encouraged to submit their survey returns via the Internet or by phone as much as possible.

In the design of the Census workflow, a staggered rollout approach, where the Census sample was split into a number of smaller batches with survey start dates spreading over several weeks, was adopted.
The design helped to spread out the case load on the Internet server, call traffic to the Census 2020 Hotline and minimise risk of data exposure for individual households on the Internet.

For the Census 2020, it provided the additional flexibility for the despatch dates and sizes of each batch to be adjusted in response to the evolving COVID-19 situation and measures.
More details on the adjustments made to the Census 2020 data collection strategy amidst COVID-19 are discussed in Appendices O (SSN Issue 2 2020 – Conducting Census of Population 2020 in Singapore amidst COVID-19) and P (SSN Issue 1 2021 – Census of Population 2020 – Modes of Submission and Reminders amidst COVID-19).

22 3.2 WORKFLOW OF CENSUS BATCHES For the conduct of the Census 2020 sample survey, the selected addresses were divided into 21 batches and respondents were progressively notified by batch.
Staggered start dates of about 3 to 4 days apart were planned for the 21 batches to spread out the load for the data collection modes.

On average, three batches were rolled out in 2 weeks as illustrated in Figure 3.1.

This staggered workflow was designed to optimise the use of resources.
Apart from moderating the volume of Internet traffic to the Census 2020 Internet submission website and avoiding a sudden surge in usage if all respondents informed of the survey were to register at the same time, staggered batching also allowed for more effective case allocation and follow-up at the Census 2020 Call Centre and by field interviewers.
Figure 3.1: Flow of Records by Batch and Weeks after Census Launch Batch 1 2 3 4 21 1 Inter- net Inter- net 2 Inter- net Inter- net Inter- net 4 Inter- net CATI 3 Inter- net CATI Inter- net CATI Inter- net Inter- net Inter- net CATI Inter- net Weeks 5 Inter- net CATI Inter- net CATI Inter- net CATI Inter- net CATI Inter- net CATI Inter- net CATI Inter- net CATI 6 Field- work 7 Field- work … Field- work N Field- work Field- work Field- work Field- work Field- work Field- work Inter- net CATI Field- work Field- work Field- work Field- work Inter- net … Respondents in each batch were first sent a notification letter informing them that they had been selected to participate in the Census 2020.
They were given two weeks to provide their survey returns via the Internet.

They also had the option to call the Census 2020 Hotline to provide their information via a telephone interview.

The Census 2020 Hotline was manned by the CATI interviewers who were trained to conduct the Census survey over a telephone interview, answer queries about the survey and provide technical assistance for respondents using Internet submission.
After the two-week period provided for Internet submission, the CATI system called out to respondents who had not completed their survey returns.

For respondents who had not completed their survey returns by the due date for Internet 23 submission at the end of the second week, a reminder letter was sent.

This reminder letter encouraged respondents to submit their survey returns via Internet or call the Census 2020 Hotline for telephone interview.
Respondents would still be able to submit their survey returns either through Internet or CATI in the third to fifth week.

Outside of the CB period, a second reminder was sent at the end of the fourth week to alert respondents that survey officers could be arranged to visit them at their homes to assist them in completing their survey returns if they were not able to submit their survey returns via the Internet or telephone by the given deadline.
To encourage submissions through the Internet and telephone while face-to- face interviews were suspended due to the mitigating COVID-19 measures, respondents who did not complete and submit their survey returns by the deadline would receive up to a total of 4 reminder letters, two more compared to the reminders sent in 2010.

Records which were not completed via Internet or telephone interview by the end of the fifth week were assigned to survey officers for follow-up through face-to- face visits.
Records were downloaded to the respective team members’ tablets to facilitate the conduct of field interviews.

Field interviews were planned to take place from the sixth week.

The Field team was given another four weeks to complete the survey returns in each batch.

3.3 INFRASTRUCTURE SET-UP FOR DATA COLLECTION The Census 2020 data collection system was hosted at the Government Private Cloud (GPC).
GPC is a one-stop environment for government agencies to host and deploy their applications, e-Services and websites.

By riding on the centrally managed infrastructure for the public sector, lower operating costs were achieved with economies of scale.

The system availability was also assured through a resilient central infrastructure.
In addition, the round-the-clock operational support provided was essential to meet the needs of the Census Internet submission module which was available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

The database set-up also provided flexibility for households to switch between different modes of submission during the survey period.

To mitigate potential security concerns of hosting too much information in a single database, information was loaded only when each batch became available for enumeration.
Upon receiving the complete information for a household, information for the household was transferred from the data collection database to the internal data processing database to minimise the risk of exposure.

24 3.4 EASING RESPONDENTS' BURDEN 3.4.1 Supporting Internet Submission Internet submission was part of the Census digital journey which started in 2000 and aligned with Singapore’s digital transformation and journey as a smart nation.
Since its introduction in Census 2000, Internet submission had seen a steady increase in take-up.

In 2020, 64 per cent of selected households completed the Census online, up from 38 per cent in 2010 and 15 per cent in 2000.

Available round-the-clock, Internet submission provided respondents with the flexibility of completing the survey anytime, anywhere.

It allowed respondents to provide their survey returns directly in a paperless and presence-less manner using any Internet-accessible device (e.g.
desktop, laptop, tablet or smartphone) on-the-go without having to go through a third party (i.e.

the interviewer).

Automated branching of questions alleviated response burden by directing respondents to only relevant questions.

Tips and definitions also aided respondents in understanding the information required for specific questions.
Other features such as basic verification rules helped ensure completeness of survey returns while auto- saving of responses for subsequent retrieval allowed respondents flexibility to choose to complete information over different sessions and/or by different household members.

The implementation of security features and encryption of data transmissions assured the confidentiality of data provided.
Given the COVID-19 situation in a large part of 2020, responding online was one of the best ways to fulfil the census obligation from home safely.

Follow-up activities, if required, were also implemented in contactless manner where viable.

3.4.2 Designing a Device-Friendly Census The Census 2020 Internet submission website was designed as a mobile- responsive site to meet the increased proportion of mobile users.
Census online survey forms were optimised in terms of size and scale, according to the type of device used by the respondent.

Among respondents who completed their Census 2020 survey online, a high 44 per cent accessed the form via their mobile phones while 31 per cent used laptops/desktops and 2 per cent used tablets.
25 3.4.3 Leveraging on Administrative Data Other than not requiring respondents to provide the information already available from other government agencies, administrative data sources were also used to validate and certify census results.

This allowed DOS to process the data expeditiously and reduced the need to reach out to the respondents, thereby minimising reporting burden further.

3.5 INTERNET SUBMISSION The Electronic Submission Module (ESM) supported the Internet Submission for Census 2020.
Its design built on the lessons learnt from similar systems used in Census 2010 and the more recent Household Expenditure Survey 2017/18.

Improvements were made to address feedback raised and new features were introduced to meet the anticipated needs of the public.

3.5.1 Key Features Registration To access the ESM for Census 2020, respondents had to register using the unique House ID sent to them in the notification letter.
A new alternative approach was to scan the unique Quick Response (QR) code (embedded with Census 2020 Internet Submission website and House ID) on the notification letter.

With increased usage of mobile devices, scanning the QR code provided convenience to the respondents where they were brought directly to the submission homepage with their House ID auto-populated in the corresponding field on the “First-Time Registration” screen.
The auto-population of House ID also reduced respondents’ effort to locate the House ID and minimised potential data entry errors by the selected household leading to wrong House ID input.

Compared to Census 2010 where all members shared a single login account and password, Census 2020 allowed multiple members to register separately and login to the same survey form.
In addition to the creation of a Census account and password, respondents were able to choose to register and login with their Singapore Personal Access (SingPass) (Figure 3.5.1).

26 Figure 3.5.1: Registration for Census 2020 Security For respondents who did not have a SingPass account or chose not to register with their SingPass, they had the option to create a password of their own.
Once the registration details were entered and verified, respondents were prompted to create their preferred password and to provide a mobile number to receive a One Time Password (OTP) as a form of Two-factor Authentication (2FA).

Registration was only considered successful after entering the correct OTP.

For subsequent login to the online form or resetting of password, respondents had to go through the 2FA process.

This reduced the risk of unauthorised access to the online form.
To reduce the potential risk of a cyber-attack, additional security measures and procedures were built in.

For example, the number of unsuccessful attempts for registration/login/change password were all tracked and reviewed.

The individual account would be locked if there were multiple unsuccessful login attempts.

Previously, respondents had to contact the Census Hotline to unlock their account.
In 2020, respondents were allowed to unlock their accounts on their own by re-entering the details entered during registration using the password reset function.

User-Friendly Survey Forms The enumeration screens were designed to incorporate user-friendly features.
Besides the consistent placement of key functions and automated branching of 27 questions, dropdown lists for descriptive text fields were implemented for the first time in Census 2020 to supplement free-text responses for the collection of industry, occupation and workplace location.

The respondents had the option to select from the list of pre-determined search results or leave their responses as entered.

This not only reduced respondent’s burden but also improved the quality of the data collected.
Workplace in Census 2020. location was collected for the first time Respondents could choose to enter their workplace address in text or click on the “Map” function to search for the location (Figure 3.5.2).

The “Map” function was particularly useful for respondents who were reporting on behalf of other members and might not know the exact workplace location.
Figure 3.5.2: Workplace Location Privacy Lock for Individual and Household For addresses with more than one household or more than one member, respondents who logged in were able to create a privacy lock for their household and/or themselves respectively.

The “lock”, when activated, prevented other household(s)/member(s) from accessing their locked survey forms and enhanced the protection of confidentiality for the survey returns even among those staying in the same address (Figure 3.5.3).
28 Figure 3.5.3: Privacy Lock for Individual Review before Submission Taking into account respondents’ feedback on preference to be able to print or save a copy of their survey returns, the “review before submission” function was added to allow respondents to view, save and print a copy of their survey form.

The review page displayed all questions asked and the corresponding responses that were entered unless the privacy lock for the household or individual was activated.
With a summary of all entered responses, respondents were able to review and return to specific question to make amendments if required (Figure 3.5.4).

This increased convenience to check and update their inputs helped improve the accuracy of the data collected.

During the Census operations, the Census 2020 Hotline noticed a number of calls from respondents who were not able to access the survey form after it was accidentally submitted by other household members without including all members.
To address this issue, the team implemented an additional checkbox at the review page for the respondent to acknowledge that all members were added in the survey before submission.

29 Figure 3.5.4: Review before Submission Function Short Message Service (SMS) / Email Acknowledgement Based on feedback from previous surveys, a significant number of respondents would like to receive acknowledgment after their completion of the online form.
Hence, in addition to the onscreen acknowledgment message previously provided, respondents who provided their mobile number or email address were also sent an acknowledgement SMS and/or email for their reference and record.

3.6 COMPUTER-ASSISTED TELEPHONE INTERVIEWING (CATI) CATI was a tried-and-tested data collection method, having been successfully deployed in several rounds of the Census of Population and GHS since 1995.
Respondents who were not able to complete their survey returns online had the option to provide their survey returns over the phone with the assistance of telephone interviewers via the Census 2020 Hotline.

In addition, the Hotline was the general enquiries and feedback line for members to call regarding the Census.

The Census 2020 Call Centre was also responsible for reaching out to respondents who did not complete their survey returns online by the stipulated date.
A team of up to 53 interviewers and 16 supervisors was deployed to the Census 2020 Call Centre.

30 CATI interviewers were trained to multi-task and perform duties ranging from conducting interviews, answering queries, to supporting the field team.

With the assistance of the CATI interviewers, the survey could be completed and submitted within 30 minutes for a typical 4-member household.

CATI was a useful mode of survey for respondents who were illiterate or were not as Internet savvy.
3.6.1 Key Features Important features and lessons learnt from previous surveys were integrated into the system design for the Census 2020.
Improvements made included: (a) Enhanced administrative summary details for interviewers/supervisors to facilitate Internet submission for respondents; (b) A more user-friendly form with call script and key messages to convey, as well as translation of the survey questions to the other 3 official languages available onscreen to facilitate enumeration; (c) An expanded set of functions to facilitate better coordination with the Field and other Operations teams such as to report vacant houses to be excluded, arrange for fieldwork appointment; and (d) Easier access to important announcements and training resources.
Operating Hours The operating hours for Census 2020 Call Centre were from 9am to 10.30pm daily, including weekends and public holidays, to cater to respondents who worked during the day and available only in the later part of the evenings.

This was also in line with the Department’s commitment to provide better service and support to our survey respondents.

Automated Outbound Dialler One key feature of the CATI system was the Automatic Outbound Dialler (AOD).
The automated dialling system searched through telephone numbers from the list of available records and made calls based on a set of priority rules built into the system.

When a respondent answered the call, it was automatically routed to an available CATI interviewer who interviewed the respondent.

If the line was busy or there was no response, the system searched for the next available telephone number to call.
31 Switching between Inbound and Outbound Calls The CATI system handled both inbound and outbound calls, including appointment calls to households who had requested to be surveyed at a preferred date and time.

To optimise the manpower resources to meet the demand of the day, supervisors had the flexibility to assign specific interviewers to take inbound or outbound calls.

The automated dialler would identify available CATI interviewers and assign them with calls based on their assigned roles.
Management of Call Load and Other Needs by Supervisors Inbound call traffic was monitored real-time and enabled supervisors to adjust the system settings to appropriately handle the call load.

For peak periods with high volume of inbound calls, more CATI interviewers were allocated to receive inbound calls to ensure that respondents calling in were attended to expeditiously.
For inbound calls received before or after the CATI operating hours, or during peak periods when there were insufficient CATI interviewers available to answer their calls, the respondents could leave their telephone number for a call back.

The CATI system would automatically schedule return calls at the start of the next working day or as soon as a CATI interviewer was available depending on their indicated preference.
In Census 2020, supervisors were also able to assign interviewers with different levels of language proficiency to meet language needs for appointment calls.

For example, if the respondent requested for a Chinese-speaking interviewer for an appointment call, the automated dialler would assign the call to an interviewer identified as one with higher Chinese proficiency among the pool of available interviewers.
Authentication Process There were slight variations between handling an inbound call and an outbound call.

For an inbound call (including “overflow calls” made by the system to return missed calls), it was necessary for the CATI interviewer to first verify the selected address.

The House Search screen (Figure 3.6.1) was displayed for inbound calls.

The greeting message was added to assist interviewers to make proper call introduction.
The Mode indicator reflected whether the incoming call was an “Inbound” or “Overflow” call.

32 Figure 3.6.1: House Search for Inbound Calls For respondents calling into the Census 2020 Hotline, the CATI interviewer would ask for the House ID which was printed on the notification letter sent to the household.
As it was common for respondents to misplace or forget the House ID, the CATI interviewer could also search for the address of the caller using the 6-digit Postal Code or a combination of Street Name, Block/House number and Level/Unit number.

After the address was verified, the House Contact Info screen (Figure 3.6.2) was displayed and the CATI interviewer proceeded with the enumeration.
For system-triggered outbound calls (including appointment calls), the House Verification screen (Figure 3.6.3) was shown as the record corresponding to the telephone number was known.

Similar to the House Search screen, the greeting message here assisted interviewers to make proper call introduction for outbound calls.

The CATI interviewer would confirm the address with the respondent before proceeding to the House Contact screen (Figure 3.6.2) to start the interview.
33 Figure 3.6.2: House Contact Information Figure 3.6.3: House Verification for Outbound Calls 34 Administrative Summary An administrative summary screen enabled operators and supervisors to access various details on the house record (e.g.

first registrant’s information, Internet submission due date, survey mode and whether house account was locked, etc.)

to assist respondents doing Internet submission and to resolve the problems they encountered.
The administrative summary screen (Figure 3.6.4) was enhanced in Census 2020, with additional information on the notification and reminder letter due dates, as well as access and record status history.

Figure 3.6.4: Administrative Summary The Registration section displayed information of online registrants and allowed supervisors to resolve account and system issues encountered by online users.
The House Access History and Record Status History sections showed the list of users who have accessed the record, as well as the updated record statuses.

Such information was useful for the team to follow up on specific queries and feedback from respondents.

35 User-Friendly Survey Form The survey form used at CATI adopted the same features as the Internet form.
With automatic branching of questions, the system displayed relevant questions pertaining to the household and its members based on their profile.

The online verification checks for completeness highlighted missing fields or data discrepancies to the CATI interviewers, so that clarifications could be made with the respondents before their surveys were submitted.
Information collected from the online survey, CATI and face-to-face interviews were updated directly in the server to allow a consistent set of the information to be provided through the different modes of submission.

This, together with the consistency in interface with the Internet form facilitated the CATI interviewers’ support to the Internet respondents.
The CATI interviewers were able to provide screen-by-screen guidance that corresponded to what the respondents were seeing during their online session.

The availability of survey questions in Chinese, Malay and Tamil languages onscreen was a new addition in Census 2020 (Figure 3.6.5).

CATI interviewers could select the language required from the dropdown choices.

This helped interviewers with enumeration in the other 3 official languages.
Figure 3.6.5: Translation of Survey Questions 36 Coordination with Fieldwork and Other Operations Teams As respondents could call in to the Census 2020 Hotline to furnish information or submit their survey returns at any point of the operations, it was important to ensure that timely updates were provided to the field and data processing teams.

Several functions were improved in Census 2020 to facilitate timely information transfer across the teams.
This included a function for interviewers to indicate vacant or non-residential addresses when reported by respondents.

This facilitated follow-up by the Field team for verification of such records.

The Fieldwork Visit Appointment function (Figure 3.6.6) was added at CATI to enable CATI interviewers to indicate request by respondents for face-to-face interviews.

When an appointment was created, an SMS was sent to the Field team to inform of the field visit request.
Figure 3.6.6: Fieldwork Visit Appointment Resources for Interviewers CATI interviewers were able to access survey reference materials easily from the CATI Home screen (Figure 3.6.7).

Daily briefing notes updated under CATI-M Operator Notes and training materials available under CATI-M Documents were useful for interviewers to refer to when needed.
37 Figure 3.6.7: CATI Resources CATI during COVID-19 The COVID-19 pandemic posed unprecedented challenges for the conduct of Census 2020 and CATI operations specifically.

With work-from-home arrangements in place during CB period between April and June 2020, operations at the Census 2020 Call Centre were scaled down to a large extent.

Work processes were changed to allow for a small pool of Census 2020 staff to continue supporting the operation of certain scope of work over the telephone.
This included receiving incoming calls for phone interviews and survey enquiries.

Calls made to respondents were cut down.

More details are in Appendix O.

3.7 FACE-TO-FACE INTERVIEWS / FIELDWORK OPERATIONS Fieldwork operations were grouped into 3 main regions, namely, Central-South, East-Northeast and West-North.

Each region was led by an Assistant Census Director (ACD) and supported by 4 Census Supervisors who oversaw a sub-region each.
Fieldwork operations were carried out from 6 Field Regional Offices (ROs) with a combined staff strength of up to 77 field interviewers.

Some of the materials used in fieldwork operations can be found in Appendix J.

38 3.7.1 Use of Tablets Riding on the efficiency and enhanced productivity by leveraging technology in the Census 2010, Census 2020 continued to develop a fieldwork application for face- to-face enumeration with the use of a mobile device (i.e.
a tablet in 2020), incorporating the lessons learnt from the previous Census.

With the use of tablets, data collected were encrypted and saved to the central database real time.

It eliminated the need to print hardcopy forms, manage physical form handling and transcribe data as well as the need to synchronise data at specific intervals.

The same web form used by Census respondents at ESM was deployed for use by the field team.
Additional field management functions were included to support the operations planning and needs.

For example, field interviewers were able to schedule appointments with respondents, with reminders sent via SMSes to them on upcoming appointments.

The application also broadcasted important messages to the targeted group(s) of users.

This function enabled all to keep abreast with information disseminated by the ACDs and Census Supervisors.
3.7.2 Fieldwork Management System The Fieldwork Management (FWM) system enabled the Census Supervisors to allocate and transfer records.

Census Supervisors were able to view records a week prior to the allocation of records.

This enabled them to plan for record allocation and conduct field reconnaissance of records before actual allocation.
Field reconnaissance was especially important for difficult-to-access properties such as gated communities or apartments (mainly condominiums) with access-controlled security gates managed by gate keepers, property concierges or managers.

Efforts were required to obtain separate approval for field team to access the estates.

Census Supervisors met their field interviewers twice a week, once in person at the Field ROs and once remotely for progress updates.
Supervisors were able to monitor the status of each record and progress of fieldwork through the FWM.

During the updates, ACDs and Census Supervisors provided guidance and conducted briefings to ensure the field interviewers were adequately trained and competent in carrying out their tasks.

39 3.8 NON-RESPONSE FOLLOW-UP The follow-up of households that did not respond to the Census was an essential stage in ensuring the Census achieve its overall quality targets.
Success at follow-up hinged on the ability to identify the non-responding households, make contact with them and offer the appropriate support to get their responses.

3.8.1 Follow-Up Procedures For Census 2020, the key follow-up strategies included: Reminder Letters Reminder letters were an integral tool, used to prompt respondents to continue with uncompleted survey submissions.
With up to a total of four reminders sent in Census 2020, timing such letters based on informed trends with the use of data analytics was found to be effective in nudging respondents to complete the survey (more details in Appendix P).

Even though the reminder letters were sent to non-responding households, addresses with contact information continued to be called up by CATI interviewers, with field visits being the last resort.
Targeted Outbound Calls at CATI For areas with lower response rates, more targeted calling was arranged at the Census 2020 Call Centre to better manage the load for the field.

The information was obtained through data of the responses and integrated with the call priority rules.

Making Contact To maximise the effectiveness of outreach activities by the field staff, the best times to contact households were generally late afternoons, evenings and weekends.
Attempts to reach households were also made on different days of the week and at different times of day.

It is noted that for 2020, for the period when work-from-home was the default, for those whose work allowed it, the field team was able to reach a high proportion of respondents at home during weekday work hours.

40 Through returned undelivered mails, addresses reported to be not occupied (for example, a newly-built block of flats, or houses due for demolition) were updated.
Field supervisors arranged to check and confirm the occupancy status of the addresses during their field reconnaissance.

These records would then not appear on future follow-up lists but be reflected as vacant and out of scope.

Vacant Properties With the COVID-19 measures implemented, some households made adjustments to their living arrangements in view of child and elder-care needs.

This resulted in more efforts in reaching and assessing if a house was occupied and temporarily vacant or was unoccupied.
The field team made additional visits after the measures were relaxed to ascertain the final status of the selected address.

Visitation cards were left for residents to contact the Census 2020 Call Centre or field staff to complete the survey.

Responses continued to be accepted till end December 2020 to allow for delays caused by the prolonged absence from the addresses.
Given the measures implemented during CB and Phase 1 for the COVID-19 situation, Census 2020 relied on sending more reminder letters, targeted outbound calls at CATI as well as modification of outreach activities to non-responding households.

In spite of the challenges faced, Census 2020 ensured that attempts were made to reach all non-responding addresses.
41 Data Processing and Dissemination CHAPTER 4 DATA PROCESSING AND DISSEMINATION 4.1 DATA PROCESSING Census survey returns submitted from the various data collection modes flowed from the collection database to the data processing database for various data verification and processing processes, primarily statistical coding, data validation and editing.

The Data Processing team started coding and editing the data after the records were submitted to the system.
The Census 2020 data processing system incorporated enhanced features to streamline operations and reduce manual effort, such as use of Machine Learning (ML) in coding and enhanced batch coding processes (Figure 4.1).

After stringent quality checks and the completion of data processing, multiple aggregated cross-tabulations were also generated for broader analysis of data trends and identification of outliers for further checks.
Figure 4.1: Data Processing Workflow 44 4.1.1 Coding of Industry, Occupation and Workplace Location Data collected in the Census 2020 were mostly captured in pre-coded categories except for selected descriptive fields including industry, occupation and workplace location and numerical fields such as income.

This allowed majority of the items to be captured and coded at source and reduced the subsequent processing efforts.
Coding was necessary to allow descriptive data to be analysed, summarised and compared.

It involved the assignment of codes based on descriptive text information collected on industry, occupation and workplace location according to specific sets of classification codes.

Industry was coded using the SSIC 2020, occupation using the SSOC 2020 and workplace location using the 6-digit postal code.

All records underwent batch coding as a first stage.
This was an automated process during which appropriate codes were assigned by the application program based on the descriptive information captured and in-built coding rules.

Descriptive information captured from Census 2020 survey returns were matched against various input files, prepared using the standardised classifications and past survey data.

Where a complete match was found during batch coding, the record was assigned with the specific code.
Enhancements to the batch coding processes included the use of more administrative sources as input files for the coding of industry and workplace location.

When the respondent’s survey returns were in agreement with administrative records, the records were automatically coded using the corresponding administrative data.
Dropdown lists were also implemented during data collection for the first time in Census 2020 to supplement free-text responses for the collection of industry, occupation and workplace location.

Respondents were able to select their company name, occupation and workplace addresses from preloaded lists and these selections were auto-coded accordingly to reduce the proportion of survey returns based on free-text survey returns.
This not only reduced respondent’s burden but also improved the match rate against input files in batch coding processes by standardising the responses.

ML processes were also introduced and used for the coding of occupation and industry.

This was developed in-house and built as a module to be linked seamlessly to the Census 2020 IT system.

ML used various algorithms to analyse data to predict a likely statistical code.

The machine was trained using historical data from MOM’s CLFS.
Free-text responses collected for industry and occupation were input into the model for prediction of SSOC/SSIC codes.

For the coding of occupation, where the prediction confidence was high, the record was automatically coded by ML.

Otherwise, up to 2 45 ML suggestions at a broader level of classification were displayed to facilitate online coding.

For industry coding, only ML suggestions were provided to coders in online coding.
With the enhancements on batch coding processes, batch coding rates for industry and occupation were about 75 per cent and 30 per cent respectively, a significant improvement from about 18 per cent in Census 2010.

Batch coding rate for workplace location was about 90 per cent.

This significantly reduced the manual effort needed for coding.

Records that were not automatically coded proceeded to online coding, in which coding staff reviewed the entries and assigned suitable codes to the records.
Sorting and batch allocation were performed for online coding, to group and assign records with similar characteristics to the same staff to improve the productivity.

During the online coding process, coding staff used a search facility to retrieve relevant information from the input files for determination of the appropriate codes.

This search facility used the “key word” search method to find an appropriate match.

The results of the search were displayed onscreen.


ML suggested codes were also displayed to facilitate industry and occupation coding, where available.

After coding was completed for all working members in the house, the house records flowed to the next phase of processing for editing.

4.1.2 Data Validation and Editing Data verification and editing were performed to ensure completeness and consistency in data collected.
The main processes were batch validation, online editing and checking of duplicated records.

Batch validation was an automated process during which all records went through a series of stringent checks based on rules built in.

The “error” and “consistency” rules were consolidated from past experiences with censuses and household surveys.

“Error” rules checked primarily for missing key information which should not be left blank and validity of codes.
They were also designed to detect records with entries for two or more data items which were logically impossible.

“Consistency” rules checked for outlier records and scenarios which were unlikely to occur but were still valid and might exist.

Examples of such rules include small age difference between parent and children, and attainment of university qualifications at relatively young age.
Records which failed error or consistency rules during batch validation were flagged out and retrieved for online verification and editing.

46 Editors scrutinised the areas flagged, corrected/accepted inconsistencies highlighted for each record, and contacted respondents for clarifications where necessary.

Iterative checks were performed and continued until the records were error-free and had inconsistencies resolved.
Towards the end of data processing, checks were conducted to retrieve records of individuals who were enumerated more than once during data collection.

This was the result where individuals or households were enumerated at multiple addresses within the survey period.

The duplicated records had to be studied and removed to prevent double counting.

The retained records were then passed through the online verification and editing for another round of verification of errors and inconsistencies.
4.2 QUALITY ASSURANCE Edited records were further reviewed at quality assurance stage.

These records were put through a series of additional cross-variables consistency checks.

Administrative data were also used to identify possible misreporting.

Examples of such checks included inconsistency between occupation and employment status such as persons working as food deliverer, taxi driver or private-hire car driver who were not employed by a company on a fixed salary but misreported as an employee.
Records which failed the quality assurance checks were flowed back to the data processing team for further verification and editing.

In addition, preliminary data compilation and analyses which included checking of data against historical trends were performed at regular intervals to identify possible data issues for further review and editing.
The quality assurance checks served as an additional data verification process through an alternate perspective separate from data processing, to identify, reduce possible errors and enhance the quality of the data.

4.3 RESPONSE RATE AND MODE OF RESPONSE Despite the Census being conducted in the midst of the evolving COVID-19 situation in 2020 and the adjustments made in response to the measures put in place, the overall response rate for the Census 2020 remained high at 94.6 per cent.
Households who provided partial information, were non-contactable or overseas during the survey period, were categorised as non-responding units.

The proportion of households who submitted their survey returns over the Internet was the largest, at 64 per cent.

This was followed by submission of survey returns through CATI at 25 per cent and face-to-face interviews at 11 per cent.
More 47 details on the changing modes of response over the years were discussed in Appendix P. 4.4 DATA DISSEMINATION With the COVID-19 situation and imposition of the CB in April – June 2020, Census 2020 Call Centre operations were scaled back with a small number of staff working from home and field work suspended.

Survey returns from some respondents were also delayed till end 2020.
The release of the bulk of the Census results was also shifted from February for the previous Census in 2010 to June for Census 2020.

4.4.1 Statistical Releases From the register-based Census, the merged administrative records provide the basic population count and characteristics such as age, sex, ethnic group, type of dwelling and geographic distribution in Singapore.
Basic data on population count and profile from the register-based Census were first released in the Population Trends 2020 report published in September 2020.

Following the completion of data processing for the Census sample enumeration, DOS released a series of topical Statistical Releases (SRs) on detailed Census results during the period of June 2021, as follows: Publication Topic SR No.
1 Statistical Release 1 on Demographic Characteristics, Education, Language and Religion Release Date 16 Jun 2021 SR No.

2 Statistical Release 2 on Households, Geographic Distribution, Transport and Difficulty in Basic Activities 18 Jun 2021 The SRs present the broad trends and changes between 2010 and 2020.
The reports also contain key indicators, comprehensive and detailed tables, charts and descriptions of the concepts and definitions (see Appendix Q – Glossary) which serve to meet the needs of the general public for a wide range of data on Singapore’s population and households.

They serve as comprehensive reference sources for planners, researchers and other data users requiring in-depth data for their analyses.

The Census 2020 reports are available for free download on DOS’s website.
48 4.5 CONFIDENTIALITY, PRIVACY AND SECURITY The Census 2020 is conducted under the Statistics Act.

DOS has the responsibility and obligation to ensure that any personal information provided by respondents for the Census 2020 is kept strictly confidential in accordance with the Statistics Act.
Stringent procedures were implemented to ensure that confidentiality was maintained at all times: • All employees, including casual temporary employees recruited for the Census 2020 project, were required to sign undertakings to safeguard official information and individual information obtained from the Census 2020.

• Access to personal and confidential information was evaluated and granted on a need to know basis.
• Monthly reviews on the access logs were carried out for each module in the Census 2020 system to ensure that there was no unauthorised access.

In the release of statistical information: • Data are grouped (e.g.

information is provided for aggregated age groups).

• Data for specific profiles or geographic areas with populations below a specified threshold are either grouped at broader categories or suppressed.
DOS pro-actively consults with users to balance the need for more information with its requirement to protect confidentiality.

49 Organisation and Administration CHAPTER 5 ORGANISATION AND ADMINISTRATION With the Census of Population being the largest national statistical exercise undertaken, a big pool of staff was involved in a wide range of activities in planning and development, lead up to and conduct of the survey operations and to the results dissemination.
Preparation prior to the launch of the survey and support activities were critical to the eventual successful completion of the Census.

5.1 OFFICE SET-UP AND SELECTION OF FIELD REGIONAL OFFICES To house the various functions and operations teams for the Census 2020, the Department started to source and identify suitable offices from 2018.
5.1.1 Data Processing (DP) Operations In view of the space constraints in DOS Office, data processing operations were planned to be carried out from an external office space at The JTC Summit.

The JTC Summit was chosen due to its accessibility and connectivity to public transport and its ability to support the Data Processing (DP) team’s extended operational hours for evening and weekend shifts.
The JTC Summit office space 1 accommodated DP operations and a Field Regional Office (RO) for the West-North region.

At its peak, it housed a total of about 100 staff, including data processing operators, supervisors, field interviewers and IT support personnel.

The office was set up from scratch with the required IT infrastructure (including personal computing devices) to access the data processing systems, with support from DOS’ IT and office management teams.
5.1.2 Call Centre for Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) Operations The Census 2020 Call Centre1 was set up in end 2019 to accommodate the CATI operations, which included the team supporting the management of respondent relations besides the hotline team.

The dedicated call centre was located offsite, housing about 50 staff per shift, including supervisors, interviewers and IT support personnel.
As the personal computers and workstations with network points needed to be connected to the call equipment and automatic outbound dialling system, the call centre location and set-up were provided by the vendor engaged for the 1 Photos of Census 2020 DP Centre and Call Centre are provided in Appendix S. 52 development of the IT solution for the Census 2020 project.
The vendor also provided the necessary equipment, facilities and support services such as hands-free headsets, recording system and meeting room.

5.1.3 Regional Offices (ROs) for Fieldwork Operations With the main sample being grouped into 3 regions, namely the Central-South, East-Northeast and West-North.

6 Field ROs were set up to facilitate fieldwork operations (Appendix D).
Field ROs were used primarily by the ACDs, Census Supervisors and field interviewers for reporting, discussion and training purposes.

The identified ROs were in closer proximity to the areas covered by each region to reduce the time and effort for the field team in travelling to and fro Field ROs while reaching respondents when needed.

The following factors were considered in the selection of Field ROs: Accessibility Field ROs needed to be easily accessible for the field team.
They were preferably within the same or in nearby neighbourhood to the areas covered in the region.

This reduced travelling time and improved productivity of the fieldwork operations.

ROs needed to be well connected to public transport network as well since most of the field team relied on public transport in the course of their work.
Operating Day/Hours As fieldwork operations were ongoing through the week and the field teams typically worked beyond normal office hours, the Field RO needed to be accessible including on weekends to facilitate fieldwork operations.

Tenure Period As Census fieldwork operations lasted for a duration of up to 9 months, facilities which were able to accommodate short-term lease contracts and available for rental for the period needed were considered.
53 Taking into the above considerations, 3 Field ROs were rented from community clubs while the remaining 3 Field ROs were set up from rooms within the CATI and DP operations and DOS Office in Funan.

The 6 Field ROs included: Central-South - DOS Office at Funan - Whampoa Community Club East-Northeast - Hougang Community Club - NCS Bedok West-North - Canberra Community Club - The JTC Summit 5.2 CENSUS BUDGET The total project cost incurred for the planning and conduct of the Census 2020 was $16.98 million.
Expenditure on the IT development and related items amounted to an estimated $5.14 million.

This included the development of the computer applications for the Internet, CATI and Fieldwork, provision of the tablets for field survey and set- up of the IT infrastructure.
The operating expenditure, covering the manpower cost, leasing of the Census 2020 Call Centre facilities, set-up and leasing of the DP Centre and Field ROs for fieldwork, publicity, printing, office supplies, hosting services for the IT infrastructure and other IT operating services was about $11.84 million.
The Census 2020 expenditure was slightly lower than the $18.0 million incurred for the previous Census in 2010, primarily due to the reduction of manpower costs with the scaling back of fieldwork and CATI.

5.3 IT PROCUREMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF CENSUS IT SYSTEM In developing and implementing the IT solution for the Census 2020 system, an Invitation to Tender (ITT) was issued in the Government Electronic Business (GeBiz) in October 2018.

The tender was awarded to NCS Pte Ltd in February 2019.
Detailed requirement studies were conducted for the vendor to understand the various functions required of the system applications and set-up.

A user experience design was conducted, and DOS officers undertook intensive usability tests to verify 54 the system performance before it was finally commissioned for use in the actual Census in January 2020.

5.4 CENSUS STAFF Planning and conduct of the Census 2020 was carried out by DOS officers.
These officers undertook key leadership roles in areas such as planning of the survey, development and testing of the system, recruitment and training, finance and payroll and supervision of the operations.

The Census team was led by the Chief Statistician, together with the Deputy Chief Statistician and Census Director.
In addition, 9 Deputy Census Directors (DCDs) oversaw key areas including pre-Census preparation and database set-up, data collection, data processing, data analysis and dissemination, publicity, manpower, logistics support and administration.

Another 25 ACDs and 44 supervisors were appointed to run and supervise the Census 2020 operational activities (see Appendices A and B).
5.4.1 Recruitment of Daily-Rated Staff Besides the planning and supervisory staff, some 220 daily-rated staff supported the day-to-day operations.

To meet the manpower requirements for the Census administration, data collection and data processing, office clerk, computer- assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) interviewers, data processing (DP) operators and field interviewers were contracted through a bulk tender for the provision of manpower services from employment agencies.
The manpower contract ensured the supply of a constant pool of staff in anticipation of potential high turnover.

As some respondents did not speak English, to overcome potential language barrier to allow for the completion of census survey forms or clarification for information submitted, daily-rated staff with proficiency in different languages or dialects were recruited.
5.4.2 Staff Strength A summary of the total staff strength is as follows: Permanent/Contract Officers Chief Statistician Deputy Chief Statistician Census Director Number 1 1 1 55 9 Deputy Census Directors Assistant Census Directors 25 Census Supervisors 44 Daily-Rated Staff * Number Office Clerk 53 CATI Interviewers Field Interviewers 77 DP Operators (DPO) 89 1 * This refers to the maximum number employed during the Census 2020 survey operations.
Due to the COVID-19 outbreak, face-to-face visits were only arranged upon request from mid-February to early March 2020 and carried out after health and travel declarations were obtained from the households which had requested for face-to-face interviews.

With the implementation of elevated safe management measures during the CB period, Census officers telecommuted and worked from home instead of reporting to the Census offices.
A small pool of the CATI interviewers and DPOs also performed hotline call duties from home, after an urgent procurement was made for the additional services required, i.e.

mobile phone SIM cards, to allow them to call respondents using officially issued telephone lines.

Field visits were suspended from April to mid-July 2020 and resumed only towards the second half of July, a month after the Phase 2 post-CB started.
5.4.3 Shift Arrangement The operating hours of the Census operations were reviewed to meet the needs of respondents and to reach out to households who were usually not available for the survey during normal office hours.

The Census 2020 Call Centre / Hotline operated from 9am to 10.30pm daily, including Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays.
Census supervisors, including the DCD and ACDs, assigned to oversee the call centre worked on rotating shifts to cover the long operation hours and the 7-day work week.

When the Census was first launched, CATI interviewers worked based on two different shifts, with the day shift starting from 8.45am to 4pm and the night shift starting from 3.30pm to 10.45pm.

Each operator worked a 6-day work week with 1 56 day off before starting the next week.
The DP team started with day shift that operated from 8.30am to 6pm on Mondays to Fridays, excluding public holidays.

To ensure business continuity and a safer working environment for those returning to the workplace, a safe management system including split team arrangements, staggered work/lunch hours, safe distancing at work and regular disinfection of common touchpoints were put in place.
CATI interviewers at Census 2020 Call Centre and DPOs at DP Centre were split into 2 teams and put on a rotating roster to reduce the risk of cross-team infection in the event of an incident.

5.4.4 Staff Profile Function Under Census 2020 System To manage the staff profile, access rights, staff placement and movement for the Census staff, Staff Profile function was designed within the Census 2020 IT system.
The system systematically captured the temporary staff movement record, thereby enhancing the coordination processes between the CATI, Fieldwork, DP and Administration teams.

5.5 TRAINING Training of the staff at various levels was essential to ensure the quality of the data collected and processed.

Training was one of the key factors in ensuring that the services delivered by the Census staff to respondents met the service standards of the Department.
Training materials were developed based on past Censuses and GHS experiences and updated to reflect the latest Census 2020 requirements.

To better engage the trainees and optimise the effectiveness of the training, the team reviewed and incorporated more visual aids in the form of animation and role-play and the use of interactive online quizzes.

5.5.1 Training of CATI Staff Training for CATI supervisors was conducted over two days.
Supervisors were trained in their roles and responsibilities in the supervision of the call centre as well as the Census coverage, questions and concepts.

Functions of the IT system, CATI facilities and administrative features to support respondents in Internet submission were also covered to familiarise the supervisors with the application.

In addition, supervisors underwent training on telephone etiquette as part of the preparation to handle calls from the public.
Additional training on SSIC 2020 and SSOC 2020 were also provided to equip the supervisors with working knowledge in these aspects.

57 A three-day mass training session was conducted in February 2020 for the CATI interviewers.

A briefing on the overview of Census 2020, concepts and definitions, a walk-through of the different question flows, telephone techniques and protocols for handling different situations were provided.

Hands-on sessions for practices on the enumeration process were also carried out.
Daily briefings and debriefs were conducted before and after each shift onsite to constantly reinforce the important key points and to provide updates on processes.

For new CATI interviewers, CATI supervisors would guide them before allowing them to attend to calls on their own.

During the period where interviewers worked from home, regular check-ins were also conducted by supervisors who were assigned to partner and guide the selected interviewers.
As recruitment was ongoing, subsequent replacement trainings were held in small groups.

5.5.2 Training of Field Staff Similar to the CATI training, training of the field staff, including supervisors and field interviewers was also conducted.

Training of the supervisors on the fieldwork enumeration and management system started in February 2020.

Supervisors assisted in developing and testing the IT system.

Briefings and training were provided prior to the conduct of the SLHH which they were involved in.
The ACDs and field supervisors were given two days of formal training to ensure in-depth understanding of their responsibilities in the fieldwork operations, supervisory skills required for the management of field interviewers, overview of the Census and the relevant questions, concepts and classifications.

Additional training on the Census 2020, FWM and use of the tablet for enumeration were provided by the IT vendor.
When fieldwork resumed in July 2020, in view of safe distancing measures implemented in response to the COVID-19 situation, the training for field interviewers were conducted in small groups of not more than 5 at each location.

Trainings for field interviewers were conducted with the use of digital platform, with a trainer facilitating his/her own small group.
This approach to mass training from different locations, enabled the streamlining and sharing of the training resources as the trainees shared and learnt from others from different locations, during the question and answer and discussion sessions.

Trainings were recorded and used during subsequent trainings for the later batches of interviewers.

Field interviewers underwent a three-day training programme.
Comprehensive 58 training on concepts and definitions was included as it was of paramount importance for the interviewers who were working independently during the face-to-face visits to understand the concepts well.

Apart from being trained on the care and usage of tablet for enumeration, the fieldworkers also underwent hands-on sessions using practical scenarios.

Field interviewers were paired up to role-play on the enumeration procedures as part of the training, in their small groups.
Fieldwork operations, including protocols for field visits and techniques of interviewing were emphasised.

5.5.3 Training of Data Processing Staff Training of the DP staff was also conducted separately for the supervisors and DPOs.

Training for DP supervisors was completed in a day as all the supervisors were involved in both the development and testing of the DP system and were familiar with the Census concepts through their preparation of the training manuals.
The 1-day training was to reiterate the functions of the DP system, their supervisory roles and clarify any issues or concerns on new scenarios.

Training was provided to ensure that the DPOs were able to handle the coding and editing roles adequately.

All the staff were trained on tasks associated with both data coding and editing before they were assigned with specific roles.

The DPOs attended three days of DP training.


The training was divided into two parts: (i) concepts and definitions of the data items collected in the Census 2020, and (ii) hands-on sessions to familiarise with the DP system.

For data coding, DPOs were taught the principles and structure of the SSIC 2020, SSOC 2020 and coding of workplace location.

To reinforce the concepts taught, a hands-on session was conducted to allow the DPOs to be familiarised with the different techniques used for data coding.
For data editing, the DPOs were trained on concepts and definitions, as well as classifications of data items.

From the training, they were taught how to identify errors and data inconsistencies.

Training on how to approach respondents and telephone techniques were also covered to prepare them for the verification process where they needed to contact respondents for clarifications.

Constant coaching on phone etiquette was provided throughout the course of their work.
When DP work resumed, in view of safe distancing measures implemented in response to the COVID-19 situation, the training for DPOs were conducted in small groups of not more than 5 at each cluster, in the DP Centre.

59 5.6 PUBLICITY AND RESPONDENT RELATIONS MANAGEMENT While efficient work processes were critical in the smooth delivery of survey operations, publicity was a key factor in soliciting public support and cooperation to ensure the successful conduct of Census 2020.
A whole suite of Census publicity activities was planned with the objectives of promoting awareness of the Census at the national level and providing relevant information to the respondents who were selected to participate in the Census.

To ensure that publicity activities reached out to different audience groups, the campaign included digital platforms on top of the usual traditional publicity modes.
5.6.1 Thrusts of the Census 2020 Publicity The main thrusts of the Census 2020 publicity campaign were as follows: a) To create and sustain public awareness by publicising the conduct of the Census 2020 through various publicity channels and official media so that the public were more willing to cooperate; b) To allow the public a better understanding of the purpose of Census and usefulness of the data collected to galvanise their support and cooperation in the Census 2020; and c) To articulate the importance of accurate and complete information to be furnished by respondents, with provided information used by Government Ministries and agencies in their policy planning and formulation for the population.
5.6.2 Strategy of the Census 2020 Publicity Census 2020 publicity was carried out progressively over 3 phases at a budget of about $530,700.

The type of publicity channel/media for each stage was determined by the publicity focus, target audience and cost effectiveness and coordinated with the services of the Government’s Master Media Agency.

Together, the different channels covered as wide an audience group as possible.
A summary is provided in the following table: 60 Table 5.6.2: Census Publicity Phase 1: Pre-Census Aug 2019 – Jan 2020 • Create public awareness • Articulate the purpose and importance of the Census Phase 2: Enumeration Feb – Oct 2020 (a) Publicity Focus Phase 3: Post-Census Nov 2020 onwards • Galvanise public support and seek • Thank the public for cooperation • Inform the public on the type of information sought and highlight the importance of furnishing accurate and complete information • Encourage Internet submission • Assure the public of data confidentiality their support, cooperation and feedback • Inform the public on the broad timeline of Census 2020 releases • Release of key Census 2020 results • General public • Households selected for (b) Target Audience enumeration • General public • Census 2020 information article in Statistics Singapore Newsletter • Census 2020 logo and tagline (c) Key Publicity Media/Channel • Census 2020 Webpage • Press Release of launch of Census 2020 • Notification letters, Census 2020 information pamphlets and tokens of appreciation (coasters and bookmarks) to households selected for enumeration • Census 2020 print and digital posters at public locations (e.g.
Public Libraries, Community Centres, Neighbourhood Police Posts, Hospitals, Sports Centres, Family Service Centres, Social Service Offices and Singapore Pools outlets) • Radio commercials • Advertisements (e.g.

newspapers and MRT trains) • Uploading of Census 2020 video onto digital platforms (e.g.
DOS’s YouTube Channel, SingStat Website) • General public • Business community and academia • Updates via DOS and Census 2020 Webpage • Press releases of key Census 2020 results • Census 2020 information article in Statistics Singapore Newsletter • Media briefing, community and academics engagement sessions on the Census release • Connect with respondents and users who previously queried about the Census release 61 Phase 1: Pre-Census Aug 2019 – Jan 2020 Phase 2: Enumeration Feb – Oct 2020 Phase 3: Post-Census Nov 2020 onwards (c) Key Publicity Media/Channel (Cont’d) • Targeted digital advertisements through platforms (e.g.
YouTube and websites such as The Straits Times, Channel NewsAsia) • Broadcast across government agencies on Workplace by Facebook • Census 2020 information article in Statistics Singapore Newsletter • Collaboration with NLB on a Census article Phase 1 – Pre-Census Census Information Article The September 2019 issue of the Statistics Singapore Newsletter (SSN) featured an article on Census 2020.
It provided information on what the Census was about, the history of Census, the approach of conducting the Census 2020, improvements made to better support data collection and the tri-modal data collection strategy comprising Internet submission, CATI and Fieldwork.

The paper is included as Appendix N in this report.

The Census 2020 logo and tagline (Figure 5.1) were unveiled in the same issue of the SSN.
The logo for Census 2020 depicted four stylised icons of individuals representing people from the four ethnic groups – Chinese, Malay, Indian and Others.

The positioning with one in front of the other symbolised togetherness in supporting Census 2020.

Elements of the Singapore crest have been incorporated to create a Census logo that is representative of census-taking in Singapore.
The logo was designed to reflect the cooperation and active participation of all respondents towards the successful conduct of Census 2020 in Singapore.

The tagline “Your Response Matters.

Together, We Shape Our Future.” emphasised the importance of participation of all selected households.

62 Figure 5.1: Census 2020 Logo and Tagline Phase 2 – Enumeration Census 2020 Webpage The Census 2020 Webpage was launched on 4 February 2020.
It served as an avenue to: a) Publicise and create awareness for the Census 2020; b) Assure the public of data confidentiality and security of information; c) Seek cooperation from selected respondents to submit their survey returns via Internet, telephone or face-to-face interviews; d) Provide a convenient entry point to Internet submission portal; and e) Allow users to self-help on Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) via the Ask Jamie virtual assistant which helped reduce the enquiry calls to the Census 2020 Hotline.
Official Launch A press release (Appendix L) was issued on the Census launch date, 4 February 2020, to inform the public of the modes of data collection and how selected households could submit their survey returns.

General information on the Census 2020 was also provided.

63 Notification to Households Notification letters (Appendix H) were posted to households selected for the Census sample enumeration progressively from 4 February 2020.
Together with the notification letter, the selected household received the Census 2020 information pamphlet (Appendix F) and a specially designed Census souvenir (Appendix E).

The notification letter informed households that they have been selected for the Census 2020 and provided information on the available submission modes and submission deadline.

The information pamphlet outlined the purpose of the Census and the type of information collected.
These materials were available in the four official languages of English, Chinese, Malay and Tamil.

With greater familiarity and adoption of Internet submission of forms, the Internet user guide (Appendix G) was placed online to assist users on-the-go and provided step-by-step instructions and screenshots on how to submit the survey returns online.
Other useful information like the Census 2020 Internet submission website, toll-free hotline number (1800-236-2020), Census Webpage and email address were also printed in the publicity materials to facilitate Internet and telephone submissions as well as public enquiries.

Reminders to Households Reminder letters (Appendix H) were posted to selected households if their survey returns remained incomplete by the stipulated deadlines.

Due to the impact of COVID-19, fieldwork was suspended for 2 – 3 months.
In addition to the two reminder letters sent, further reminder letters were sent to households yet to submit the survey by the extended due dates to boost response.

Reminder emails and SMSes were also sent to respondents who requested for email reminders/SMSes via the self-service feature on our Internet submission portal.
Census 2020 Poster The design of the Census 2020 poster (Appendix E) portrayed the coverage of the Census 2020, including household and housing characteristics, economic profile, education profile and demographic characteristics.
To generate public awareness, these posters were distributed to Singapore Police Force (SPF), People’s Association, Town Councils and other government agencies for display at strategic locations such as community centres/clubs, neighbourhood police posts, regional and community libraries, sports centres and hospitals.
64 Radio Commercials Radio commercials were broadcasted in four official languages over Class 95.0 FM, Yes 93.3 FM, Capital Radio 95.8 FM, Warna 94.2 FM and Oli 96.8 FM during the enumeration period from February to August 2020.

Advertisements in Newspapers and Mass Rapid Transits (MRTs) Newspaper advertisements were published in the Straits Times, Lianhe Zaobao, Berita Harian and Tamil Murasu during the enumeration period.
Advertisements were also placed in MRTs running on North-South, East-West, North-East, Circle and Downtown lines to generate public awareness.

Digital Advertising on YouTube and Websites With an increased reliance on digital platforms for news and entertainment updates, a video on Census 2020 was produced and placed/advertised on YouTube, Singapore Department of Statistics’ Corporate Website and Census 2020 Webpage.

Digital advertisements were also displayed on other whitelisted websites (e.g.
The Straits Times, Channel NewsAsia, TheSmartLocal, Yahoo, AsiaOne) to reach out to the online community.

Census 2020 Token of Appreciation As part of the notification package, Census 2020 coasters and bookmarks were given to houses selected to participate in the Census as a form of appreciation for their time and effort spent in completing the survey.
Census Information Article In conjunction with the conduct of the Census in 2020, the National Library Board wrote an article “Head Count: The History of Census Taking in Singapore”, which was reviewed by DOS, on how census taking had evolved over the last 150 years.

The article was published in the January – March 2020 issue of NLB’s BiblioAsia publication.

The article is included as Appendix M in this report.
The September 2020 and March 2021 issues of the Statistics Singapore Newsletter (SSN) featured other articles on the conduct of Census 2020 amidst the 65 COVID-19 pandemic and response modes.

These are included as Appendices O and P in this report.

Phase 3 – Post-Census Latest updates on Census 2020 were posted on the Census Webpage until its closure on 31 December 2020.
With the release of the Census 2020 results, softcopy publications and accompanying tables in excel format were made available for free download online from DOS’s website.

5.6.3 Public Feedback During the Census operations from February to December 2020, a total of 4,236 feedback and queries on the Census 2020 were received via emails and letters.

Majority of these (97 per cent) were received via emails.
Feedback can be broadly classified as follows: Table 5.6.3: Public Queries and Feedback Total Internet Submission Related Issues Login and Account Activation Requests to Extend Internet Submission Due Date Clarifications on Data Items Reports on Technical Problems Encountered Requests for House ID and Password Other Issues Request for CATI Interview Operations Updates of Survey Returns Submitted, including from Overseas Members Requests for Notification Letters Clarifications on Participation in the Survey Requests for Confirmation of Submission Report Successful Completion of Survey Report Vacant Addresses or Addresses Used for Other Purposes Clarifications on Confidentiality Issues Verify Authenticity of Survey and Identity of Survey Officers 4,236 1,932 608 1,077 77 32 96 42 352 1,873 116 362 519 92 281 126 32 78 66 Table 5.6.3: Public Queries and Feedback (Cont’d) Operations (Cont’d) Requests to Extend Submission Due Date Requests for Fieldwork Follow-Up Requests for Email/Letter with Required Information Other Requests/Clarifications Feedback on Service Others Data Requests Comments/Suggestions 51 25 107 84 35 44 11 33 The additional letters sent to encourage households to submit their survey returns via the Internet led to an increase in the percentage of respondents’ feedback for assistance on Internet submission, from slightly more than one-third of the total feedback in 2010 to almost half of the total feedback in 2020.
Of these, majority of the feedback for Internet submission was to request for an extension to the submission deadline.

Separately, with increased public education and awareness in illegitimate soliciting of personal information, respondents were also more vigilant when providing information for the survey via the phone.
On top of calls to the Census 2020 Hotline to verify identities of callers/visitors, 78 emails were received to confirm the authenticity of the survey and identity of Census officers before respondents were willing to provide the required information.

Overall, Census 2020 received a total of 4,236 feedback, more than double the 1,958 feedback received in Census 2010.
Aside from growing Internet penetration and the convenience of using emails as a feedback tool, the increase in feedback is also partly attributed to the scaled-down call operations during CB.

With a reduced pool of hotline officers in line with the government initiative on safe distancing measures, respondents who had difficulties connecting through the Census 2020 Hotline relied on email as a form of communication.
Email was also the main mode of communication for the pool of respondents who were overseas and were unable to return to Singapore due to travel restrictions implemented.

The Census 2020 toll-free Hotline received over 36,000 calls from respondents who called in mainly to submit their survey returns via telephone, make general enquiries, verify identity of hotline, fieldwork and data processing officers or seek assistance in submitting information over the Internet.
Compared to the over 52,000 calls received in Census 2010, the decreased inbound call volume for Census 2020 could be attributed to scaled-down call operations and the increased preference for 67 digital communication such as emails and online self-help over speaking to an interviewer in person.
68 Appendices CENSUS 2020 LIST OF CENSUS OFFICERS (As at 4 February 2020, launch of Census 2020) Appendix A DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS Chief Statistician Ms Wong Wee Kim Deputy Chief Statistician Dr Koh Eng Chuan Census Director Ms Seet Chia Sing Deputy Census Directors Internet Support, CATI and Respondent Management Mr Foo Chuanyang Fieldwork Ms Teo Wan Choo (till Mar 2020) Data Processing Ms Huang Kailing, Karin Database Activities and Quality Assurance Ms Tan Yeow Lip Data Analysis & Publication Ms Koh Wee Ling Manpower and Logistics Mrs Lim Pek Hoon, Sally Administration, Procurement and Budget Ms Koh Hwee Fang Ms Tan Siok Hoon Publicity Ms Ang Seow Long Assistant Census Directors Internet Support, CATI and Respondent Management Ms Chan Huiyi, Charlene Ms Chia Wai Yin Mrs Tan-Chang Hwee Yin, Eunice Ms Kalavathy Jayaram Mr Sia Ziyi Mr Tan Wah Kia Ms Wong Wei Lin 71 Appendix A Fieldwork Data Processing Database Activities and Quality Assurance Data Analysis & Publication Ms Foo Wan Ting Mr Seen Jian Yi, Roger Mr Tan Kian Heng Ms Cai Jialin Mr Tham Zheng Kang Mr Toh Wei Jun Ms Yap Wei Ni Ms Tan Min Ting, Edna Mr Pang Chin Eng Ms Chia Aik Miang Ms Seet Ming Lee Ms Chia Aik Miang Ms Tan Min Ting, Edna Mr Eng Kah Joo Mr Seah Cheng Xin, Esmond Mr Pang Chin Eng Ms Lim Mui Kuen, Sandra Mr Tham Zheng Kang Mr Wong Kwok Wing Ms Wong Wei Lin Manpower and Logistics Mr Yap Yee Liong Administration, Procurement and Budget Ms Wong Chee Yong, Joey Publicity Ms Lee Pey Bing Census Supervisors and Corporate Support Staff
 Internet Support, CATI and Respondent Management Ms Ang Qiu Yan Ms Chua Bee Lian Mr Loh Kheam Yeow, Gabriel Ms Goh Kheng Shyan Ms Chew Hui Li, Jacqueline Mr Mohamed Hisyamuddin Ms Nuraini Sjamsoeddin Ms Wong Mun Mun 72 Fieldwork Data Processing Appendix A Ms Tan Shuying, April Ms Cheong Wei Qi Ms Lim Wen Xin, Charmaine Ms Cynthia Wilson Mr Kok Zi Yao, Gabriel Ms Heng Siyun, Cheryl (till May 2020) Mr Neo Jie Sheng, Jackson Ms Lam Xin Hua Mr Lee Han Peng Ms Lee Yan Ms Ong Si Hui, Shannen Mr Soh Chee Wei Mr Wong Wei
 Hao Mr Tay Hao Zhong, Daryl Ms Feng Huimin Ms Tan Yu Wen, Joanne (till Oct 2020) Mr Ho Rui Hern, Jonathan (till Oct 2020) Mr Neo Teng Yong Mr Tan Zheng Hao, Ronald Ms Wong Lye Ying Database Activities and Quality Assurance Manpower and Logistics Mr Koh Yong Siang Ms Toh Yan Ling Ms Yeo Soek Lee Ms Yeo Yen Fang Mr Ong Yi Chon, Russell Ms Ho Si Hui, Sylvia Ms Tan Shi Ying Administration, Procurement and Budget Ms Ang Kim Ling Mr Ng Meng Huei, Darren (till Nov 2020) Mr Lim Ching Thong, Dennis Ms Lim Jia Jun, Fiona Publicity Ms Tiew Jia Ling Human Resource Ms See Bee Leng, Michelle Ms Ng Wan Ting Mr Ng Yew Yeong 73 Appendix A Machine Learning Mr Chan Wen Chang Mr Chen Tian Min Mr Chui Tian Wei Mr Teo Zhiwei 74 Appendix B IT SERVICES AND SUPPORT1 (As at 4 February 2020, launch of Census 2020) Infocomm Technology Section Deputy Director Mr Gan Wei Boon Senior Assistant Directors Mr Gregory Seow Mr Alvin Wu Mr Lai Yew Meng (till Jan 2021) Project Manager Ms Gayathri Narayanan Digital Business Analyst Mr Wang Jun Kun Application Infrastructure Engineer Mr Alvin Wu Mr Eugene Seah Vendor Team from NCS Pte.
Ltd. and NexLabs Project Managers Team Leaders Programmers and Support Staff Mr Chew Kok Yong, Edwin Mr Kee Chye Huat Mr Ong Chin Po, Johnny Mr Tho Lai Kum, Kenny Ms Huang Wei Xuan Mr Ker Shih Jie Mr Lau Wee Yen Mr Ng Ying Ming Ms Soong Li Ching, Michelle Mr Asurage Sures Dananjaya Senevirathna Mr Chan Yong Jia Mr Chong Chee Wai, Mike Ms Hung Poh Poh Ms Kong Kai Li, Kelly Mr Mervyn Kwok Mr Ong Aerone Guerrero 1 All IT officers including the vendor team, provided support to IT systems and development with no access to data.
75 Appendix B Programmers and Support Staff Mr Ooi Sin Eng Ms Sivagamavalli Pachaiyappan Mr Teoh Yong Yao, John Mr William Atienza Ms Wong Tze Yin 76 Appendix C EXTRACTS FROM THE STATISTICS ACT, CHAPTER 317 REVISED EDITION 2012 Authority to Collect and Process Data Section 3.

(1) The Department of Statistics and all research and statistics units may, in accordance with the provisions of this Act, collect and process data for statistical purposes.

Authority to Issue Requisition for Information Section 5.
(1) It shall be lawful for the Chief Statistician or the director of a research and statistics unit to issue a requisition to any person or the occupier of any premises to furnish particulars and supply information to him, for the purpose of obtaining data for statistical purposes, and every such person or occupier is bound to furnish the particulars and supply the information to the best of his knowledge and belief.

Section 5.
Section 5.

(2) A requisition shall — (a) be in writing; (b) be served upon the person to whom it is addressed or the occupier of any premises, as the case may be, in the manner specified in section 11; and (c) specify the particulars of information required.

Section 5.
Section 5.

(3) A requisition may — (a) specify the form in which and the time within which the particulars and information are to be furnished; (b) require the particulars and information to be furnished periodically at or within such time or times and in such form or forms as are specified in the requisition; and (c) specify the place or manner at or in which the particulars and information are to be delivered.

Section 5.
Section 5.

(4) No person is bound to furnish any particulars or information other than those which are accessible to him or derived by him from any business, occupation or work in the conduct or supervision of which he is engaged.

77 Appendix C Disclosure of Information Section 7.

(1) No person shall disclose any particulars or information obtained under section 5 or 6 in a form that may identify any person without the prior consent in writing of the person that may be identified by such disclosure.
Section 7.
(2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), the Chief Statistician or the director of a research and statistics unit, as the case may be, may disclose particulars or information obtained under section 5 or 6 — (a) as statistics which do not identify any person; (b) as anonymised microdata to — (i) any public agency; or (ii) any other person within a class specified in the Third Schedule; (c) for the purposes of any proceedings for an offence under this Act or any report of those proceedings; (d) that are of a general nature relating to the products or services provided by, the number of employees in or the addresses of, an establishment; or (e) that are already available in the public domain.
Section 7.

(3) The Chief Statistician or the director of a research and statistics unit may, in respect of any particulars or information disclosed to any person under subsection (2), impose conditions as to the use of such particulars or information by notice in writing to that person.

Section 7.
Section 7.

(4) If any person discloses any returns or any particulars or information contrary to this section, or fails to comply with any conditions imposed on him under subsection (3), he shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both.

Impersonation of Statistical Officer Section 8.


(1) Any person who impersonates a statistical officer shall be guilty of an 78 offence and shall be liable on conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months.

Appendix C Section 8.

(2) In this section, statistical officer means — (a) an officer of the Department of Statistics; or (b) an officer of a research and statistics unit.

General Penalties Section 9.
(1) Any person who — (a) wilfully refuses or without lawful excuse (the proof of which lies on him) neglects to furnish the particulars or information required by a requisition within the time allowed for furnishing them or to furnish them in the form specified or prescribed, or to authenticate them in the prescribed manner, or to deliver them at the place or in the manner specified or prescribed for the delivery thereof; (b) wilfully furnishes or causes to be furnished any false particulars or information in respect of any matter specified in the requisition requiring particulars or information to be furnished; or (c) refuses to answer, or wilfully gives a false answer to, any question necessary for obtaining any information or particulars required by a requisition to be furnished under this Act, shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $1,000 and, in the case of a continuing offence, to a further fine not exceeding $100 for every day during which the offence continues after conviction.
79 CENSUS 2020 FIELDWORK REGIONS Appendix D SEMBAWANG WOODLANDS SIMPANG LIM CHU KANG MANDAI SUNGEI KADUT YISHUN WESTERN WATER CATCHMENT CHOA CHU KANG CENTRAL WATER CATCHMENT ANG MO KIO* SELETAR PUNGGOL SENG KANG NORTH-EASTERN ISLANDS TENGAH BUKIT PANJANG BUKIT BATOK HOUGANG PASIR RIS SERANGOON BISHAN* PAYA LEBAR JURONG WEST BUKIT TIMAH* NOVENA TOA PAYOH* BEDOK PIONEER BOON LAY JURONG EAST* CLEMENTI* TANGLIN NEWTON KALLANG* GEYLANG* ROCHOR TUAS ORCHARD RIVER VALLEY MUSEUM QUEENSTOWN SINGAPORE RIVER MARINE PARADE DOWNTOWN CORE MARINA EAST TAMPINES CHANGI CHANGI BAY WESTERN ISLANDS BUKIT MERAH OUTRAM MARINA SOUTH STRAITS VIEW Fieldwork Region SOUTHERN ISLANDS Central-South Regional Office Note: * Planning Area is covered by two fieldwork regions East-Northeast West-North Location of Census Office Call Centre Data Processing Centre DOS Office Regional Office Note: * Planning Area is covered by two fieldwork regions 80 Appendix E CENSUS 2020 POSTER 81 CENSUS 2020 PUBLICITY ON MRT WINDOW PANELS Appendix E 82 CENSUS 2020 NOTIFICATION PACKAGE Appendix E 83 CENSUS 2020 COASTER – TOKEN OF APPRECIATION Appendix E 84 CENSUS 2020 BOOKMARK – TOKEN OF APPRECIATION Appendix E Front Back Front Back 85 CENSUS 2020 HOMEPAGE Appendix E 86 YOUTUBE ADVERTISEMENTS Appendix E 87 CENSUS 2020 INFORMATION PAMPHLET Appendix F 88 CENSUS 2020 INFORMATION PAMPHLET – ENGLISH SECTION Appendix F 89 CENSUS 2020 INFORMATION PAMPHLET – CHINESE SECTION Appendix F 90 CENSUS 2020 INFORMATION PAMPHLET – MALAY SECTION Appendix F 91 CENSUS 2020
 INFORMATION PAMPHLET – TAMIL SECTION Appendix F 92 CENSUS 2020 INTERNET USER GUIDE Appendix G 93 Appendix G 94 Appendix G 95 Appendix G 96 Appendix G 97 Appendix G 98 Appendix H House ID Submission Due Date [DD MTH YYYY] THE OCCUPANT [Block] [Street Name] [Unit number] [Postal Code] Dear Sir/Madam CENSUS 2020 NOTIFICATION LETTER CENSUS OF POPULATION 2020 The Singapore Department of Statistics is currently conducting the Census of Population 2020 (C2020).
Your household has been selected for participation in C2020.

The Census is conducted once in ten years.

It is the single largest national survey undertaken in Singapore.

Information on key characteristics of the population and households will be collected and used for planning and evaluation of programmes and services.

You may refer to the enclosed pamphlet for more information on C2020.

Your participation is important.

Please complete and submit your C2020 returns by the due date.
In appreciation of your participation, we are pleased to enclose a specially-designed Census souvenir.

The conduct of C2020 is governed by the Statistics Act (Chapter 317).

Your responses will be kept in confidence in accordance with the Statistics Act.

Thank you for your co-operation and assistance.


Yours faithfully WONG WEE KIM CHIEF STATISTICIAN SINGAPORE Ways to Submit Your C2020 Returns Online www.census2020.gov.sg Call C2020 Hotline 1800-236-2020 Scan the QR code to directly access the survey website.

QR Code Register and login using the House ID (provided at the top right of this letter) and your SingPass.

Non-SingPass users may create a password using NRIC/FIN to access the survey form.

Call us interview or to schedule an interview.


immediate phone for an Our interviewers may also contact you to conduct an interview if your contact number is available in our records.

They will themselves as C2020 officers and quote your House ID.

identify The C2020 hotline operates from 9am to 10.30pm, Mondays to Sundays (including Public Holidays) Face-to-Face Interview Face-to-face interview will be conducted if you have not provided a response via Internet or telephone by the due date.
Our interviewers will carry an official Identification Card and a letter of authorisation when they visit your house.
field Singapore Department of Statistics 109 North Bridge Road #08-01 Funan Singapore 179097 www.singstat.gov.sg/census2020 SAMPLE99 Appendix H CENSUS 2020 NOTIFICATION LETTER – CHINESE [DD MTH YYYY] 住户 [Block] [Street Name] [Unit number] [Postal Code] 尊敬的先生/女士， 住户编号 提交 截止日期 2020 年人口普查 新加坡统计局目前正在进行 2020 年人口普查。贵户是获选参与 2020 年人口普查的住户之一。 人口普查每十年进行一次，是新加坡规模最大的全国性调查。我们将收集人口与住户相关的主要特征等 资料，用于策划及评估发展计划和服务。有关 2020 年人口普查的更多详情，请参阅随附的小册子。 您的参与是重要的。请在截止日期前填写并提交您的普查表。为了感谢您的参与，谨随函附上特别设计 的普查纪念品。感谢您的合作与协助。 2020 年人口普查是根据《统计法令（第 317 章）》进行的一项强制 性调查。所有被选中参与调查的住户必须提供所需的资料。该法令 确保贵户所提供的所有资料将受到严格保密。 王辉锦 新加坡统计局局长 敬上 网上提交 www.census2020.gov.sg 扫描 QR 码衔 接调查网 站。 QR 码 使用住户编号（参阅本信函右上角）和 您的电子政府密码（SingPass）注册并 登录。 没有电子政府密码（SingPass）的用户 可以使用身份证号码/外国人身份证号码 设置密码并提取普查表。 如何提交 2020 年人口普查表格 电话访问 1800-236-2020 致电热线直接参与电话访问，或另约 时间进行访问。 如果您的联系号码在我们的记录中， 我们的访员也会联系您进行访问。他 们将会介绍自己为 2020 年人口普查访 员，并确认您的住户编号。 2020 年人口普查热线开放时间为 星 期 一 至 星 期 日 （ 包 括 公 定 假 日），上午 9 时至晚上 10 时 30 分。 当面访问 如果您未在截止日期前 通过网络或电话提交普 查表，我们的外勤访员 将登门造访，并进行当 面访问。 他们会携带普查员身份 卡片以及授权书。 Singapore Department of Statistics 109 North Bridge Road #08-01 Funan Singapore 179097 www.singstat.gov.sg/census2020 SAMPLE100 Appendix H CENSUS 2020 NOTIFICATION LETTER – MALAY [HH BUL TTTT] PENDUDUK [Blok] [Nama Jalan] [Nombor Unit] [Poskod] ID Rumah Tarikh Tamat Penyerahan BANCI PENDUDUK 2020 Tuan/Puan yang dihormati Jabatan Perangkaan Singapura kini sedang menjalankan Banci Penduduk 2020 (C2020).
Isi rumah anda telah dipilih untuk menyertai C2020.

Banci ini dijalankan sekali dalam masa sepuluh tahun.

Banci ini merupakan kaji selidik kebangsaan yang terbesar dilaksanakan di Singapura.

Maklumat mengenai ciri-ciri utama penduduk dan isi rumah akan dikumpulkan dan digunakan bagi perancangan dan penilaian program dan perkhidmatan.

Anda boleh merujuk risalah yang dilampirkan untuk maklumat lanjut mengenai C2020.

Penyertaan anda amat penting.


Sila lengkapkan dan serahkan penyata C2020 anda sebelum tarikh tamat.

Sebagai menghargai penyertaan anda, kami dengan sukacitanya menyertakan cenderahati Banci yang direka khas.

Terima kasih atas kerjasama dan bantuan anda.

Yang benar WONG WEE KIM KETUA AHLI PERANGKAAN SINGAPURA C2020 dijalankan di bawah Akta Perangkaan (Bab 317).

Penyertaan adalah wajib.

Semua maklumat yang diberi akan disimpan secara rahsia menurut Akta Perangkaan.
Cara untuk Menyerahkan Penyata C2020 Anda Dalam Talian www.census2020.gov.sg Hubungi Talian Penting C2020 1800-236-2020 Imbas kod QR untuk mengakses laman web kaji selidik secara langsung.

Kod QR dan log masuk Daftar dengan menggunakan ID Rumah (boleh didapati di bahagian kanan sebelah atas surat ini) dan SingPass anda.

Bukan pengguna SingPass boleh mencipta kata laluan dengan menggunakan NRIC/FIN untuk mengakses borang kaji selidik.
Hubungi kami bagi mendapatkan temu bual untuk segera menjadualkan temu bual.

telefon atau Penemu bual kami juga mungkin akan menghubungi anda untuk menjalankan temu bual jika nombor hubungan anda boleh didapati dalam rekod kami.

Mereka akan mengenalkan diri mereka sebagai pegawai C2020 dan menyebutkan ID Rumah anda.
Talian penting C2020 beroperasi dari jam 9pg hingga 10.30mlm, hari Isnin hingga Ahad (termasuk Cuti Umum) Temu Bual Secara Bersemuka bual secara Temu bersemuka akan dijalankan jika anda belum memberi respons melalui Internet telefon atau menjelang tarikh tamat.

Penemu bual lapangan kami akan membawa Kad Pengenalan rasmi dan surat pengesahan apabila mereka datang ke rumah anda.
Singapore Department of Statistics 109 North Bridge Road #08-01 Funan Singapore 179097 www.singstat.gov.sg/census2020 SAMPLE101 Appendix H CENSUS 2020 NOTIFICATION LETTER – TAMIL [நாநா மாமா வவவவ] குடியிருப்பவர் [புள ாக்] [ஸ் ட்ரீட் பபயர் ] [வீட்டு எண் ] [அஞ்சல் குறியீடு] அன் புடடயீர் வீட்டு அடடயா ம் சமர்ப்பிப்பதற்கானக் கடடசி நா ் 2020 ஆம் ஆண் டுக்கான மக்கள் த ாகக கணக்தகடுப்பு சிங் கப்பூர் பு ் ிவிவரப் பிரிவு தற்ளபாது 2020 ஆம் ஆண் டுக்கான கணக்பகடுப்டப (C2020) நடத்தி வருகிறது.
உங் க ் வீடு C2020வில் பங் ளகற்க ளதர்ந்பதடுக்கப்பட்டிருக்கிறது.

மக்க ் பதாடக கணக்பகடுப்பு பத்து வருடங் களுக்கு ஒருமுடற நடத்தப்படுகிறது.

இதுளவ சிங் கப்பூரில் நடத்தப்படும் ஆகப் பபரிய ளதசிய அ விலான ஒளர ஆய் வாகும்.

மக்க ் பதாடக, குடும்பங் க ் குறித்த முக்கியத் தகவல் க ் , நிகழ்ச்சிக ் மற்றும் ளசடவகட திட்டமிடுவதற்காகவும், மதிப்பிடுவதற்காகவும் ளசகரிக்கப்படும்.

C2020 குறித்த ளமல்விவரங் கட இத்துடன் இடணக்கப்பட்டு ் சிற்ளறட்டடப் பார்த்துத் பதரிந்து பகா ் லாம்.

இதில் நீ ங் க ் பங் ளகற்பது முக்கியமானது.


இறுதித் ளததிக்கு ் C2020 பதிடலப் பூர்த்தி பசய் து சமர்ப்பித்திடுங் க ்.

உங் க ் பங் ளகற்டப பாராட்டி உங் களுக்குப் பிரத்திளயகமாக வடிவடமக்கப்பட்ட மக்க ் கணக்பகடுப்பு நிடனவுப்பபாரு ் ஒன்று வழங் கப்படும்.

உங் க ் ஒத்துடழப்புக்கும் உதவிக்கும் நன் றி.

உங் க ் உண் டமயு ் WONG WEE KIM தடலடம பு ் ியியலா ர் சிங் கப்பூர் C2020 பு ் ிவிவர சட்டத்தின் (பிரிவு 317) கீழ் நடத்தப்படுகிறது.

இதில் பங் ளகற்பது கட்டாயமாகும் .


நீ ங் க ் அ ிக்கும் தகவல் க ் அடனத்தும் பு ் ிவிவரச் சட்டத்திற்கு இணங் க இரகசியமாக டவத்திருக்கப்படும்.

உங் கள் C2020 பதிகை சமர்ப்பிப்ப ற் கான வழிகள் இடணயம்வழி www.census2020.gov.sg QR குறியீட்டட ஸ் ளகன் பசய் து ஆய் வு இடணயத த்திற்கு ளநரடியாக பசன் றிடுங் க ்.

QR குறியீடு கடிதத்தின் வலது பக்கம் ளமளல உ ் வீட்டு சிங் பாடஸயும் புகுபதிவு பசய் திடுங் க ்.
அடடயா த்டதயும் பயன் படுத்திப் சிங் பாஸ் இல் லாதவர்க ் ஆய் வுப் படிவத்டத NRIC/FIN-ஐ அணுக பயன் படுத்தி ஒரு மடறச்பசால்டல உருவாக்கிக் பகா ் லாம்.

C2020 ளநரடித் பதாடலப்ளபசிடய அடழக்கவும் 1800-236-2020 உடனடி ளநர்காணலுக்கு ளநர்காணலுக்குத் எங் கட அடழத்திடுங் க ்.

பதாடலப்ளபசி அல் லது திட்டமிட எங் க ் பதிவுக ில் உங் க ் பதாடலப்ளபசி எண் க ் இருந்தால் ளபட்டியா ர்க ் எங் க ் ளநர்காணலுக்காக உங் கட த் பதாடர்புக்பகா ் க்கூடும்.
C2020 அவர்க ் அதிகாரிக ் என் று அறிமுகம் பசய் துபகாண் டு உங் க ் வீட்டு அடடயா க் குறியீட்டடக் குறிப்பிடுவார்க ்.

தங் கட C2020 ளநரடி பதாடலப்ளபசி திங் க ் முதல் ஞாயிறு வடர காடல 9 மணி முதல் இரவு 10.30 மணி வடர பசயல் படும்.

(பபாதுவிடுமுடறக ் உட்பட) ளநருக்கு ளநர் ளபட்டி ளநர் நீ ங் க ் இடணயம் வழிளயா அல் லது பதாடலப்ளபசி வழிளயா கடடசித் ளததிக்கு ் பதில ிக்காதிருந்தீர்க ானால் ளநருக்கு ளபட்டி எடுக்கப்படும்.
எங் க ் க ப் ளபட்டியா ர்க ் உங் க ் வரும்ளபாது வீட்டிற்கு அவர்களுடடய அதிகாரப்பூர்வ அடடயா அட்டடடயயும் அதிகாரம ிக்கும் கடிதத்டதயும் டவத்திருப்பார்க ் .
Singapore Department of Statistics 109 North Bridge Road #08-01 Funan Singapore 179097 www.singstat.gov.sg/census2020 SAMPLE102 Appendix H CENSUS 2020 FIRST REMINDER LETTER House ID Extended Due Date [DD MTH YYYY] THE OCCUPANT [Block] [Street Name] [Unit number] [Postal Code] CENSUS OF POPULATION 2020 – FIRST REMINDER* Dear Sir/Madam The Singapore Department of Statistics is currently conducting the Census of Population 2020 (C2020).
A notification letter was sent on <<DD MM YYYY>> to inform that your household is selected for C2020.

As we have not received your C2020 returns, please submit them as soon as possible.

If you have Internet access, we encourage you to submit your returns online.

We have extended the due date for Internet submission.

If you encounter any technical difficulty, kindly call our C2020 Hotline for assistance.

The conduct of C2020 is governed by the Statistics Act (Chapter 317).
Your responses will be kept in confidence in accordance with the Statistics Act.

We look forward to hearing from you.

Thank you for your co-operation and assistance.

Yours faithfully WONG WEE KIM CHIEF STATISTICIAN SINGAPORE * Please ignore this reminder if you have already submitted your C2020 returns or fixed an appointment with our interviewer.

Ways to Submit Your C2020 Returns Online www.census2020.gov.sg Call C2020 Hotline 1800-236-2020 Scan the QR code to directly access the survey website.
QR Code Register and login using the House ID (provided at the top right of this letter) and your SingPass.

Non-SingPass users may create a password using NRIC/FIN to access the survey form.

Call us interview or to schedule an interview.

immediate phone for an Our interviewers may also contact you to conduct an interview if your contact number is available in our records.

They will themselves as C2020 officers and quote your House ID.
identify The C2020 hotline operates from 9am to 10.30pm, Mondays to Sundays (including Public Holidays) Face-to-Face Interview Face-to-face interview will be conducted if you have not provided a response via Internet or telephone by the due date.

Our interviewers will carry an official Identification Card and a letter of authorisation when they visit your house.
field Singapore Department of Statistics 109 North Bridge Road #08-01 Funan Singapore 179097 www.singstat.gov.sg/census2020 SAMPLE103 Appendix H CENSUS 2020 SECOND REMINDER LETTER House ID Final Due Date [DD MTH YYYY] THE OCCUPANT [Block] [Street Name] [Unit number] [Postal Code] CENSUS OF POPULATION 2020 – SECOND REMINDER* Dear Sir/Madam The Singapore Department of Statistics is currently conducting the Census of Population 2020 (C2020).
A notification letter was sent on <<DD MM YYYY>> to inform that your household is selected for C2020.

A reminder was also sent on <<DD MM YYYY>>.

As we have not received your C2020 returns, an extension has been made to the due date for Internet submission.

The C2020 is conducted under the Statistics Act (Chapter 317).

Participation is compulsory.

All information provided will be kept in confidence in accordance with the Statistics Act.
We will be grateful for your co-operation in submitting your C2020 returns by the final due date.

Yours faithfully WONG WEE KIM CHIEF STATISTICIAN SINGAPORE * Please ignore this reminder if you have already submitted your C2020 returns or fixed an appointment with our interviewer.

Ways to Submit Your C2020 Returns Online www.census2020.gov.sg Call C2020 Hotline 1800-236-2020 Scan the QR code to directly access the survey website.
QR Code Register and login using the House ID (provided at the top right of this letter) and your SingPass.

Non-SingPass users may create a password Using NRIC/FIN to access the survey form.

Call us interview or to schedule an interview.

immediate phone for an Our interviewers may also contact you to conduct an interview if your contact number is available in our records.

They will themselves as C2020 officers and quote your House ID.
identify The C2020 hotline operates from 9am to 10.30pm, Mondays to Sundays (including Public Holidays) Face-to-Face Interview Face-to-face interview will be conducted if you have not provided a response via Internet or telephone by the due date.

Our field interviewers will carry an official Identification Card and a letter of authorisation when they visit your house.
Singapore Department of Statistics 109 North Bridge Road #08-01 Funan Singapore 179097 www.singstat.gov.sg/census2020 SAMPLE104 Appendix H CENSUS 2020 THIRD REMINDER LETTER House ID CENSUS OF POPULATION 2020* [DD MTH YYYY] THE OCCUPANT [Block] [Street Name] [Unit number] [Postal Code] Dear Sir/Madam The Singapore Department of Statistics is currently conducting the Census of Population 2020 (C2020).

A notification letter was sent on <<DD MMM YYYY>> to inform that your household is selected for C2020.
Reminder letters were also sent on <<DD MMM YYYY>> and <<DD MMM YYYY>>.

We note that the C2020 return for your house is still incomplete.

We urge you to complete the survey as soon as possible via the Internet or our C2020 Hotline by <<final extended due date>>.

If there is a need for you to be interviewed at your house, you may also call the C2020 Hotline during our hotline operating hours to arrange for a face-to-face interview.

The C2020 is conducted under the Statistics Act (Chapter 317).
Participation is compulsory.

All information provided will be kept in confidence in accordance with the Statistics Act.

Your participation and support in completing this national survey is greatly appreciated to ensure that accurate and representative data is collected.

Thank you.

Yours faithfully WONG WEE KIM CHIEF STATISTICIAN SINGAPORE * Please ignore this reminder if you have already submitted your C2020 returns or fixed an appointment with our interviewer.
Online www.census2020.gov.sg Call C2020 Hotline 1800-236-2020 Face-to-Face Interview Ways to Submit Your C2020 Returns Scan the QR code to directly access the survey website.

QR Code Register and login using the House ID (provided at the top right of this letter) and your SingPass.

Non-SingPass users may create a password using NRIC/FIN to access the survey form.

Call us interview or to schedule an interview.


immediate phone for an Our interviewers may also contact you to conduct an interview if your contact number is available in our records.

themselves as They will C2020 officers and quote your House ID.

identify The C2020 hotline operates from 9am to 10.30pm, Mondays to Sundays (including Public Holidays) Face-to-face interview may be arranged if you are unable to or respond telephone.
You will be required to provide a health and travel declaration prior to their visit.

Internet via Our field interviewers will carry an official Identification Card and a letter of authorisation when they visit your house.
Singapore Department of Statistics 109 North Bridge Road #08-01 Funan Singapore 179097 www.singstat.gov.sg/census2020 SAMPLE105 Appendix H CENSUS 2020 FOURTH REMINDER LETTER House ID CENSUS OF POPULATION 2020* [DD MTH YYYY] THE OCCUPANT [Block] [Street Name] [Unit number] [Postal Code] Dear Sir/Madam The Singapore Department of Statistics is conducting the Census of Population 2020 (C2020).

We wrote to you on <<DD MMM YYYY>> to inform that the above address is selected for the C2020.
As the survey was incomplete, reminders were also sent between <<month>> and <<month>>.

You may have overlooked replying to the Census 2020 survey despite our previous attempts to reach you.

As we will be closing the Census survey operations by Oct 2020, we seek your kind co-operation to contact us as soon as possible.

Our field interviewers are visiting households to assist with the survey.
If you prefer, you may also call the C2020 Hotline for assistance or to complete the survey via a phone interview.

Participation in the C2020 is compulsory.

All information provided will be kept in confidence in accordance with the Statistics Act (Chapter 317).

The Census is an exercise of national importance.

More information can be found in the enclosed information pamphlet or on our Census webpage at http://www.singstat.gov.sg/census2020.
Your participation and support are greatly appreciated to ensure that accurate and representative data is collected.

We look forward to your prompt response.

Thank you.

Yours faithfully WONG WEE KIM CHIEF STATISTICIAN SINGAPORE * Please ignore this reminder if you have already submitted your C2020 returns or fixed an appointment with our interviewer.

Online www.census2020.gov.sg Call C2020 Hotline 1800-236-2020 Face-to-Face Interview Ways to Submit Your C2020 Returns Online submission has lapsed.
You are encouraged to submit your survey returns via a phone interview instead.

for an Call us immediate phone interview or to schedule a phone or face- to-face interview.

If you would still like to complete your returns via our Online Submission Form, please call our C2020 Hotline or email us at Census2020@singstat.gov.sg and quote your House ID or residential address for us to make special arrangements for you.
The C2020 hotline operates from 9am to 10.30pm, Mondays to Sundays (including Public Holidays) field Our interviewers are currently visiting households for face-to-face interviews and to verify if addresses are occupied.

They will carry an official Identification Card and a letter of authorisation when they perform their duties.
Singapore Department of Statistics 109 North Bridge Road #08-01 Funan Singapore 179097 www.singstat.gov.sg/census2020 SAMPLE106 SINGAPORE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS CENSUS OF POPULATION 2020 (STATISTICS ACT, CHAPTER 317) HOUSEHOLD FORM Appendix I CONFIDENTIAL HOUSE ID: ___________________ HOUSEHOLD NO.
: ______ ADDRESS: _________________________________________________________________________ S ( ) Name of Contact Person: ______________________________________________________________________________ Home: ____________________ Mobile: ____________________ Office: _______________ Email: __________________________________________ Do all persons living in this house belong to the same household?

 Yes  No If No, please use a separate household form for each separate household.
A household refers to one person living alone or a group of two or more persons (including domestic helpers/stay-in caregivers) living in the same house and sharing common food or other essential arrangements for living.

Note: Although persons may be living in the same house, they may not be in the same household.

E.g.

A family renting out a room to a tenant.

If the tenant does not share or have meals with the family, the tenant belongs to a separate household.
WHEREABOUTS Please list all persons living in this household and indicate their whereabouts.

Whereabouts refers to whether the person is present, overseas, has moved out of the house or is deceased.

Tip: Include all family members and non-family members such as domestic helpers and tenants.

(Persons who are ‘Overseas for 12 months or more’ include those whose duration of overseas job or course of study is 12 months or more.
They also include persons who are not working or studying but have been staying or intend to stay abroad for at least 12 months.)

Person 01 Full Name as in NRIC/Passport: __________________________________________________________________________ NRIC/BC/FIN: (You may provide the prefix of your NRIC/BC/FIN with last 3 digits and the last alphabet.

For example, if your NRIC number is S1234567A, you may indicate ‘S567A’ in the blank.)
_______________ Age at Last Birthday: (For babies less than 1 year old, please indicate 0.)
_______________ Whereabouts:  Present in house  Overseas for less than 6 months  Overseas for 6 months to less than 12 months  Overseas for 12 months or more  Shifted out  Deceased  Unknown Person Person 02 Full Name as in NRIC/Passport: __________________________________________________________________________ NRIC/BC/FIN: (You may provide the prefix of your NRIC/BC/FIN with last 3 digits and the last alphabet.

For example, if your NRIC number is S1234567A, you may indicate ‘S567A’ in the blank.)
_______________ Age at Last Birthday: (For babies less than 1 year old, please indicate 0.)
_______________ Whereabouts:  Present in house  Overseas for less than 6 months  Overseas for 6 months to less than 12 months  Overseas for 12 months or more  Shifted out  Deceased  Unknown Person SAMPLE107 SINGAPORE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS CENSUS OF POPULATION 2020 (STATISTICS ACT, CHAPTER 317) HOUSEHOLD FORM Appendix I CONFIDENTIAL Person 03 Full Name as in NRIC/Passport: __________________________________________________________________________ NRIC/BC/FIN: (You may provide the prefix of your NRIC/BC/FIN with last 3 digits and the last alphabet.
For example, if your NRIC number is S1234567A, you may indicate ‘S567A’ in the blank.)

_______________ Age at Last Birthday: (For babies less than 1 year old, please indicate 0.)
_______________ Whereabouts:  Present in house  Overseas for less than 6 months  Overseas for 6 months to less than 12 months  Overseas for 12 months or more  Shifted out  Deceased  Unknown Person Person 04 Full Name as in NRIC/Passport: __________________________________________________________________________ NRIC/BC/FIN: (You may provide the prefix of your NRIC/BC/FIN with last 3 digits and the last alphabet.

For example, if your NRIC number is S1234567A, you may indicate ‘S567A’ in the blank.)
_______________ Age at Last Birthday: (For babies less than 1 year old, please indicate 0.)
_______________ Whereabouts:  Present in house  Overseas for less than 6 months  Overseas for 6 months to less than 12 months  Overseas for 12 months or more  Shifted out  Deceased  Unknown Person Person 05 Full Name as in NRIC/Passport: __________________________________________________________________________ NRIC/BC/FIN: (You may provide the prefix of your NRIC/BC/FIN with last 3 digits and the last alphabet.

For example, if your NRIC number is S1234567A, you may indicate ‘S567A’ in the blank.)
_______________ Age at Last Birthday: (For babies less than 1 year old, please indicate 0.)
_______________ Whereabouts:  Present in house  Overseas for less than 6 months  Overseas for 6 months to less than 12 months  Overseas for 12 months or more  Shifted out  Deceased  Unknown Person SAMPLE108 SINGAPORE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS CENSUS OF POPULATION 2020 (STATISTICS ACT, CHAPTER 317) HOUSEHOLD FORM Appendix I CONFIDENTIAL Person 06 Full Name as in NRIC/Passport: __________________________________________________________________________ NRIC/BC/FIN: (You may provide the prefix of your NRIC/BC/FIN with last 3 digits and the last alphabet.
For example, if your NRIC number is S1234567A, you may indicate ‘S567A’ in the blank.)

_______________ Age at Last Birthday: (For babies less than 1 year old, please indicate 0.)
_______________ Whereabouts:  Present in house  Overseas for less than 6 months  Overseas for 6 months to less than 12 months  Overseas for 12 months or more  Shifted out  Deceased  Unknown Person Person 07 Full Name as in NRIC/Passport: __________________________________________________________________________ NRIC/BC/FIN: (You may provide the prefix of your NRIC/BC/FIN with last 3 digits and the last alphabet.

For example, if your NRIC number is S1234567A, you may select ‘S567A’ in the blank.)
_______________ Age at Last Birthday: (For babies less than 1 year old, please indicate 0.)
_______________ Whereabouts:  Present in house  Overseas for less than 6 months  Overseas for 6 months to less than 12 months  Overseas for 12 months or more  Shifted out  Deceased  Unknown Person Person 08 Full Name as in NRIC/Passport: __________________________________________________________________________ NRIC/BC/FIN: (You may provide the prefix of your NRIC/BC/FIN with last 3 digits and the last alphabet.

For example, if your NRIC number is S1234567A, you may indicate ‘S567A’ in the blank.)
_______________ Age at Last Birthday: (For babies less than 1 year old, please indicate 0.)
_______________ Whereabouts:  Present in house  Overseas for less than 6 months  Overseas for 6 months to less than 12 months  Overseas for 12 months or more  Shifted out  Deceased  Unknown Person SAMPLE109 SINGAPORE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS CENSUS OF POPULATION 2020 (STATISTICS ACT, CHAPTER 317) HOUSEHOLD FORM Appendix I CONFIDENTIAL HOUSEHOLD RELATIONSHIPS Please select the household reference person and specify how each household member is related to the household reference person.
The household reference person may refer to the oldest member, the main income earner, the owner-occupier of the house or the person who manages the affairs of the household.
Household Reference Person Spouse Son/Daughter Son-in-law/Daughter-in-law Parent Parent-in-law Brother/Sister Brother-in-law/Sister-in-law Grandchild/Grandchild-in-law Grandparent/Grandparent-in-law Great Grandchild/Great Grandchild-in-law Great Grandparent/Great Grandparent-in-law  Other Relatives, Same Generation as Household Reference Person  Other Relatives, One Generation Older than Household Reference Person  Other Relatives, Two Generations Older than Household Reference Person Other Relatives, Three Generations Older than Household Reference Person Other Relatives, One Generation Younger than Household Reference Person Other Relatives, Two Generations Younger than Household Reference Person Other Relatives, Three Generations Younger than Household Reference Person Partner       Domestic Helper  Unrelated Person (e.g.
tenant, friend, confinement lady, chauffeur)  01  02  03  Person No.

05 04   06  07  08                                                                                                                                                               PARENTS IDENTIFICATION Please identify the parents of each household member.
Tip: If the person’s father or mother is not living in the same household or is deceased, please select 'Not in Household/Not Applicable'.

Mother of person 1 is Mother of person 2 is Mother of person 3 is Mother of person 4 is Mother of person 5 is Mother of person 6 is Mother of person 7 is Mother of person 8 is Person No.
Not in Household/ Not Applicable         Father of person 1 is Father of person 2 is Father of person 3 is Father of person 4 is Father of person 5 is Father of person 6 is Father of person 7 is Father of person 8 is Person No.

Not in Household/ Not Applicable         SAMPLE110 SINGAPORE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS CENSUS OF POPULATION 2020 (STATISTICS ACT, CHAPTER 317) HOUSEHOLD FORM Appendix I CONFIDENTIAL SPOUSE IDENTIFICATION Please identify the spouse/partner of each household member.
Tip: If the person’s spouse is not living in the same household, please select ‘Spouse Not in Household’.

If the person’s spouse has passed away, please select ‘Spouse is Deceased (Widowed)’.

If the person has never been married, please select ‘Not Applicable (Single)’.

Person No.
Person No.

Spouse Not in Household Spouse of person 1 is Spouse of person 2 is Spouse of person 3 is Spouse of person 4 is Spouse of person 5 is Spouse of person 6 is Spouse of person 7 is Spouse of person 8 is         Spouse is Deceased (Widowed)         Divorced from Spouse Separated from Spouse Not Applicable (Single)                         TENANCY Does the household reference person or any other member in the household own this house/flat?
 Yes, owns and house/flat is fully paid for  Yes, owns with outstanding housing loan  No, rents whole house/flat  No, rents room(s) within house/flat  No, house/flat is provided free by employer  No, house/flat is provided free by relatives/friends/others SAMPLE111 SINGAPORE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS CENSUS OF POPULATION 2020 (STATISTICS ACT, CHAPTER 317) INDIVIDUAL FORM Appendix I CONFIDENTIAL HOUSE ID: ___________________ HOUSEHOLD NO.
: ______ This Individual Form must be filled in for every member listed in the Household Form who has Whereabouts ‘Present in house’, ‘Overseas for less than 6 months’, ‘Overseas for 6 months or less than 12 months’ or ‘Overseas for 12 months or more’.

Person No.

: ______ Name: __________________________________________________________________________ Age at last birthday: _______________ Whereabouts:  1.

Present in house  2.

Overseas for less than 6 months  3.


Overseas for 6 months to less than 12 months  4.

Overseas for 12 months or more ➢ If whereabouts of this person is 1, 2 or 3 and age at last birthday is 14 and above, proceed to Item 1.

➢ If whereabouts of this person is 1, 2 or 3 and age at last birthday is 1 to less than 14, proceed to Item 2.

➢ If whereabouts of this person is 1, 2 or 3 and age at last birthday is less than 1, proceed to Item 6.

➢ If whereabouts of this person is 4, proceed to Item 38.

1.
1.

For females, number of children this person has ever given birth to: Tip: This should include the number of live-born children she has ever given birth to, including those who are currently staying with her, those who have set up their own homes and those who have passed away.

For Females: For Males:  _______ Child(ren)  Not applicable 2.

How many languages and dialects does this person usually speak at home?

 One  Two or more  Unable to speak/Too young to speak ➢ If ‘One’, proceed to Item 3.
➢ If ‘Two of more’, proceed to Item 4.

➢ If ‘Unable to speak/Too young to speak’ and age at last birthday is 14 and above, proceed to Item 5.

➢ If ‘Unable to speak/Too young to speak’ and age at last birthday is 4 to less than 14, proceed to Item 7.

➢ If ‘Unable to speak/Too young to speak’ and age at last birthday is less than 4, proceed to Item 6.

3.

What language or dialect does this person speak most frequently at home?
 English  Malay  Mandarin  Tamil  Cantonese  Hokkien  Teochew  Others, please specify: ____________________________________________ ➢ If this person’s age at last birthday is 14 and above, proceed to Item 5.

➢ If this person’s age at last birthday is 4 to less than 14, proceed to Item 7.

➢ Otherwise, proceed to Item 6.

SAMPLE112 SINGAPORE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS CENSUS OF POPULATION 2020 (STATISTICS ACT, CHAPTER 317) INDIVIDUAL FORM Appendix I CONFIDENTIAL 4.
What are this person's first and second most frequently spoken languages/dialects at home?

First Most Frequently Spoken:  English  Malay  Mandarin  Tamil  Cantonese  Hokkien  Teochew  Others, please specify: ____________________________________________ Second Most Frequently Spoken:  English  Malay  Mandarin  Tamil  Cantonese  Hokkien  Teochew  Others, please specify: ____________________________________________ ➢ If this person’s age at last birthday is 14 and above, proceed to Item 5.
➢ If this person’s age at last birthday is 4 to less than 14, proceed to Item 7.

➢ Otherwise, proceed to Item 6.

5.

What language(s) is this person able to read in?

Tip: Person should be able to read, with understanding, materials such as newspapers in the selected language(s).

 Able to read at least one language Please specify all that is applicable, up to a maximum of 8 languages.
 English  Chinese  Malay  Tamil  Others, please specify: ____________________________________________________  Unable to read in any language ➢ Proceed to Item 7.

6.

Is this child attending pre-school (including child-care/infant-care)?

 Yes  No ➢ If this person is attending pre-school and whereabouts is 1 or 2, proceed to Item 27.

➢ Otherwise, end and proceed to the next member.

7.

What is this person’s current activity status?


 Fully engaged in work (including serving National Service) – Go to Item 9  Schooling but currently working in a vacation job or undergoing paid internship  Working while awaiting examination results or NS call-up – Go to Item 9  Engaged in work while schooling  Full-time student  Not working and not full-time student – Go to Item 9 ➢ If this person is schooling, proceed to Item 8.

➢ Otherwise, proceed to Item 9.


SAMPLE113 SINGAPORE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS CENSUS OF POPULATION 2020 (STATISTICS ACT, CHAPTER 317) INDIVIDUAL FORM Appendix I CONFIDENTIAL 8.

What level of formal education is this person currently attending?

 Pre-Primary  Primary  Secondary (e.g.

Sec 1-5, ITE Skills Certificate Courses)  Post-Secondary (Non-tertiary) (e.g.
Pre-U, JC, Nitec/Higher Nitec/Master Nitec Courses)  Polytechnic Diploma Courses  Courses Leading to Professional Qualification and Other Diploma (e.g.

ITE Diploma, ACCA, CFA, SIM Diploma)  Bachelor’s Degree or equivalent  Postgraduate Diploma/Certificate (excluding Master’s and Doctorate)  Master’s/Doctorate or equivalent ➢ If this person is a full-time student and age at last birthday is 14 and above, proceed to Item 19.
➢ If this person is a full-time student, whereabouts is 1 or 2 and age at last birthday is less than 14, proceed to Item 27.

➢ If this person is full-time student, whereabouts is 3 and age at last birthday is less than 14, proceed to Item 32.

➢ Otherwise, proceed to Item 9.

9.

What is this person’s highest qualification attained?
 No formal qualification (Did not pass PSLE)  Primary, passed PSLE or equivalent  Secondary, without any GCE 'N'/'O' level pass  Secondary, with at least 1 GCE 'N'/'O' level pass, ITE Certificate of Competency, NTC Grade 3 or equivalent  Post-Secondary (Non-tertiary), with at least 1 GCE 'A' level pass, ITE Certificate in Office Skills, ITE Certificate in Business Studies, NTC Grade 1, NTC Grade 2, ITC, Nitec/Higher Nitec/Master Nitec or equivalent  Polytechnic Diploma  Professional Qualification or Other Diploma (e.g.
ITE Diploma, ACCA, CFA, SIM Diploma, NIE Diploma)  Bachelor’s Degree or equivalent  Postgraduate Diploma/Certificate (excluding Master’s and Doctorate)  Master’s/Doctorate or equivalent ➢ If this person is a Polytechnic Diploma/Professional Qualification or Other Diploma/Bachelor’s Degree/Postgraduate Diploma or Certificate/Master’s/Doctorate or equivalent graduate, proceed to Item 10.

➢ Otherwise, if this person is working, proceed to Item 11.
➢ Otherwise, if this person is not working and age at last birthday is 14 and above, proceed to Item 19.

➢ Otherwise, proceed to Item 32.

10. a) What is the major field of study of this person’s highest qualification?

Tip: If this person has 2 or more equivalent qualifications, indicate the one most recently obtained.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ b) Where did this person study to obtain his/her highest qualification?
Tip: If this person has 2 or more equivalent qualifications, indicate the one most recently obtained.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ ➢ If this person is working, proceed to Item 11.

➢ If this person is not working and age at last birthday is 14 and above, proceed to Item 19.

➢ Otherwise, proceed to Item 32.

SAMPLE114 SINGAPORE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS CENSUS OF POPULATION 2020 (STATISTICS ACT, CHAPTER 317) INDIVIDUAL FORM Appendix I CONFIDENTIAL 11.
What was this person's employment status last week?

Tip: If this person was holding more than 1 job last week, answer based on the job that he/she worked the longest hours.

 Employee (i.e.

works for an employer in return for regular wages or salaries, including serving full-time National Service)  Employer (i.e.

operates own business or trade and engages paid employee(s))  Own Account Worker (i.e.

operates own business or trade without paid employee(s))  Contributing Family Worker (i.e.
helping in family business without receiving regular pay) 12.

What industry was this person working in last week?

Tip: If this person was holding more than 1 job last week, answer based on the job that he/she worked the longest hours.

Firm/Organisation: Tip: Please provide the main business/activity and products/services based on the specific industry that the person was engaged in.
For example: - - Details for a person who worked in Resorts World Sentosa as a hotel operations manager should be based on the hotel industry.

Details for a person who worked in Resorts World Sentosa as a theme park operations manager should be based on the amusement and recreation industry.

Main business/activity this person’s firm/organisation engaged in: e.g.

Manufacturing of Electronic Products Main products/services this person’s firm/organisation produced or provided: e.g.
Electronic audio and video equipment for home entertainment 13.

What was this person’s job title last week?

e.g.

Teacher What were this person’s main tasks/duties at work last week?

e.g.

Teach English and Math in primary school SAMPLE115 SINGAPORE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS CENSUS OF POPULATION 2020 (STATISTICS ACT, CHAPTER 317) INDIVIDUAL FORM Appendix I CONFIDENTIAL 14.

What is the address of this person’s workplace (for the main job and where he/she usually works most of the time)?
Tips: - - - For those who report to different places on different days, please indicate the place where this person reported most frequently to during the last week.

For those who move around in their job, please indicate the place where this person reports to work daily (e.g.

taxi/bus drivers who report to a depot should indicate the address of the depot).

For those who do not report daily in person to a fixed address, please indicate ‘No fixed location for work’ (e.g.
taxi/private- hire car drivers who park their vehicles and start work from home; travelling salespersons who do not report to a fixed location).

 Address Postal Code: ______________ Block and Street Name: ___________________________________________________________ Building Name: ___________________________________________________________  No fixed location for work  Works from home 15.

Was this person working full-time, part-time or serving full-time National Service last week?
Tips: - - For employees, normal hours of work refers to the hours of work that are fixed under legal, collective or contractual agreements.

It excludes overtime hours (whether paid or unpaid) and meal breaks.

If this person was holding more than 1 job last week, answer based on the job that he/she worked the longest hours.

 Working Full-time (i.e.

where normal hours of work are at least 35 hours a week)  Working Part-time (i.e.
where normal hours of work are less than 35 hours a week)  Serving Full-time National Service 16.

How many hours does this person usually work per week (including paid and unpaid hours and excluding meal breaks)?

Tip: If this person holds more than 1 job, answer based on the total number of hours he/she usually works for all jobs.

_____ .

_____ Hour(s) 17.

What was this person’s gross monthly income from work last month (excluding bonus/13th month Annual Wage Supplement)?
Tips: - - - Gross monthly income from work refers to income earned from employment from all jobs.

For employees, this refers to the gross monthly wages/salaries before deduction of employee CPF contributions and personal income tax.

It comprises basic wages, overtime pay, commissions, tips and other allowances, but excludes employer CPF contribution.

For self-employed persons, this refers to the average monthly profits from their business, trade or profession (i.e.
total receipts less business expenses incurred) before deduction of income tax.

S$____________.00 SAMPLE116 SINGAPORE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS CENSUS OF POPULATION 2020 (STATISTICS ACT, CHAPTER 317) INDIVIDUAL FORM Appendix I CONFIDENTIAL 18.

How much bonus did this person receive during the last 12 months (including 13th month Annual Wage Supplement)?

Tip: This refers to the total amount of bonus received from all jobs.

S$____________.00 OR _____ .


_____ Month(s) ➢ If whereabouts of this person is 1 or 2, proceed to Item 29.

➢ If whereabouts of this person is 3 and age at last birthday is 14 and above, proceed to Item 31.

➢ Otherwise, proceed to Item 32.

19.

Was this person actively looking for work in the last 4 weeks?

 Yes  No ➢ If yes, proceed to Item 23.

➢ If no, proceed to Item 20.

20.

At present, does this person want to work?

 Yes  No ➢ If yes, proceed to Item 21.

➢ If no, proceed to Item 23.

21.


Is this person waiting to start a new job he/she had already obtained?

 Yes  No ➢ If yes, proceed to Item 22.

➢ If no, proceed to Item 23.

22.

How soon does this person expect to start working in this new job?

 2 weeks or less from now  More than 2 weeks and up to 1 month from now  More than 1 month and up to 3 months from now  More than 3 months from now ➢ If 2 weeks or less from now, proceed to Item 25.

➢ If more than 2 weeks from now, proceed to Item 23.
23.

Is this person available to work in the next 2 weeks?

 Yes  No ➢ If this person is actively looking for work in the last 4 weeks and available to work in the next 2 weeks, proceed to Item 24.

➢ If this person is not actively looking for work in the last 4 weeks, is available to work in the next 2 weeks and is expecting to start working in a new job he/she had already obtained within the next 3 months, proceed to Item 25.
➢ Otherwise, proceed to Item 26 SAMPLE117 SINGAPORE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS CENSUS OF POPULATION 2020 (STATISTICS ACT, CHAPTER 317) INDIVIDUAL FORM Appendix I CONFIDENTIAL 24.

What was the main step this person took to look for work in the last 4 weeks?

 Answered advertisements (excluding online job advertisements)/wrote to firms  Placed or answered online job advertisements  Placed or updated resumes on professional or social networking sites online (e.g.
LinkedIn)  Asked friends or relatives  Registered for jobs at job fairs  Registered with Career Centres run by Workforce Singapore or NTUC Employment and Employability Institute (e2i), Community Development Councils (CDCs), and/or Union  Sought help from self-help groups (e.g.
CDAC, MENDAKI, SINDA)  Registered with private employment agency, executive search firm and/or head-hunter  Went for walk-in interviews  Contacted referrals from previous employers  Made preparations to start own business  Others, please specify: _______________________________________________________________________ ➢ If this person is a full-time student and whereabouts is 1 or 2, proceed to Item 27.

➢ Otherwise, proceed to Item 31.

25.


What was the main step this person took to look for work during his/her latest period of job search?

 Answered advertisements (excluding online job advertisements)/wrote to firms  Placed or answered online job advertisements  Placed or updated resumes on professional or social networking sites online (e.g.
LinkedIn)  Asked friends or relatives  Registered for jobs at job fairs  Registered with Career Centres run by Workforce Singapore or NTUC Employment and Employability Institute (e2i), Community Development Councils (CDCs), and/or Union  Sought help from self-help groups (e.g.
CDAC, MENDAKI, SINDA)  Registered with private employment agency, executive search firm and/or head-hunter  Went for walk-in interviews  Contacted referrals from previous employers  Made preparations to start own business  Others, please specify: _______________________________________________________________________ ➢ If this person is a full-time student and whereabouts is 1 or 2, proceed to Item 27.

➢ Otherwise, proceed to Item 31.


SAMPLE118 SINGAPORE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS CENSUS OF POPULATION 2020 (STATISTICS ACT, CHAPTER 317) INDIVIDUAL FORM Appendix I CONFIDENTIAL 26.

What is this person’s main reason for not working or not looking for a job?

 Foreigner without work pass  Pursuing full-time study (e.g.
Secondary, JC, ITE, Polytechnic, Private Institution or University)  Pursuing part-time study  Awaiting the start of academic year  Awaiting NS call-up  Awaiting examination results  Attending courses/training  Housework  Care-giving to own children aged 12 and below  Care-giving to families (including own children aged above 12 and grandchildren)/relatives  Care-giving to persons who are not family/relatives  Doing voluntary/community work  Poor health  Permanently ill/disabled  Retired/No desire to work due to old age  Has sufficient financial support/means  Believes no suitable work available  Employers’ discrimination (e.g.
prefer younger workers)  Lacks necessary qualification, training, skills or experience  Taking a break  Others, please specify: _______________________________________________________________________ ➢ Proceed to Item 31.

27.

How does this person usually travel to school?

 Transport required (Please select the mode(s) of transport usually taken in each journey.

You may select up to a maximum of 4 modes.)

Bus/Van:  Public Bus  On-demand Bus Services (e.g.
GrabShuttle, On-demand public bus)  Private Chartered Bus/Van (including private van) Train:  MRT  LRT Others:  Car (including car-sharing such as Blue SG, CarClub etc.)

 Lorry/Pickup  Motorcycle/Scooter  Bicycle (including bike-sharing and power- assisted bicycles)  Personal Mobility Device/Aid (e.g.

E-scooter, hoverboards, unicycles, wheelchairs)  Other modes Taxi/Private Hire:  Taxi  Private Hire Car (via Grab, GrabHitch, Ryde, Go-Jek etc.)
 Walk only  Study from home ➢ If not ‘Study from home’, proceed to Item 28.

➢ If ‘Study from home’ and age at last birthday is 14 and above, proceed to Item 31.

➢ If ‘Study from home’ and age at last birthday is 4 to less than 14, proceed to Item 32.

➢ Otherwise, end and proceed to next member.

SAMPLE119 SINGAPORE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS CENSUS OF POPULATION 2020 (STATISTICS ACT, CHAPTER 317) INDIVIDUAL FORM Appendix I CONFIDENTIAL 28.

What is this person’s usual travelling time to school?
Tip: Please include the total travelling time, including time spent walking and waiting.

_____________ Minutes ➢ If this person’s age at last birthday is 14 and above, proceed to Item 31.

➢ If this person’s age at last birthday is 4 to less than 14, proceed to Item 32.

➢ Otherwise, end and proceed to the next member.

29.

How does this person usually travel to work?

 Transport required (Please select the mode(s) of transport usually taken in each journey.

You may select up to a maximum of 4 modes.)


Bus/Van:  Public Bus  On-demand Bus Services (e.g.

GrabShuttle, On-demand public bus)  Private Chartered Bus/Van (including private van) Train:  MRT  LRT Others:  Car (including car-sharing such as Blue SG, CarClub etc.)

 Lorry/Pickup  Motorcycle/Scooter  Bicycle (including bike-sharing and power- assisted bicycles)  Personal Mobility Device/Aid (e.g.
E-scooter, hoverboards, unicycles, wheelchairs)  Other modes Taxi/Private Hire:  Taxi  Private Hire Car (via Grab, GrabHitch, Ryde, Go-Jek etc.)

 Walk only  Work from home ➢ If not ‘Work from home’, proceed to Item 30.

➢ If ‘Work from home’ and age at last birthday is 14 and above, proceed to Item 31.

➢ Otherwise, proceed to Item 32.

30.

What is this person’s usual travelling time to work?

Tip: Please include the total travelling time, including time spent walking and waiting.
_____________ Minutes ➢ If this person’s age at last birthday is 14 and above, proceed to Item 31.

➢ Otherwise, proceed to Item 32.

SAMPLE120 SINGAPORE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS CENSUS OF POPULATION 2020 (STATISTICS ACT, CHAPTER 317) INDIVIDUAL FORM Appendix I CONFIDENTIAL 31.

What is this person's religion?


 No religion  Buddhism  Taoism/Chinese Traditional Beliefs  Islam  Hinduism  Sikhism  Christianity, Roman Catholic  Christianity, Other Denomination, Please specify: _______________________________  Others, Please specify: _______________________________ 32.

The next few questions ask about difficulties this person may have doing certain activities because of a health problem.

Does this person have difficulty seeing, even if wearing glasses?
 No - no difficulty  Yes - some difficulty  Yes - a lot of difficulty  Cannot do at all 33.

Does this person have difficulty hearing, even if using a hearing aid?

 No - no difficulty  Yes - some difficulty  Yes - a lot of difficulty  Cannot do at all 34.

Does this person have difficulty with body movement activities such as walking or climbing steps or transferring from bed to chair/wheelchair (and vice versa)?
 No - no difficulty  Yes - with difficulty  Cannot do at all If “Yes – with difficulty” is selected i) Walking or climbing steps:  No - no difficulty  Yes - some difficulty  Yes - a lot of difficulty  Cannot do at all ii) Transferring from bed to chair/wheelchair (and vice versa):  No - no difficulty  Yes - some difficulty  Yes - a lot of difficulty  Cannot do at all SAMPLE121 SINGAPORE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS CENSUS OF POPULATION 2020 (STATISTICS ACT, CHAPTER 317) INDIVIDUAL FORM Appendix I CONFIDENTIAL 35.
Does this person have difficulty remembering or concentrating?

 No - no difficulty  Yes - some difficulty  Yes - a lot of difficulty  Cannot do at all 36.

Does this person have difficulty with self-care activities such as washing all over (bath/shower) or dressing, feeding, or using the toilet?
 No - no difficulty  Yes - with difficulty  Cannot do at all If “Yes – with difficulty” is selected i) Washing all over (bath/shower) or dressing:  No - no difficulty  Yes - some difficulty  Yes - a lot of difficulty  Cannot do at all ii) Feeding:  No - no difficulty  Yes - some difficulty  Yes - a lot of difficulty  Cannot do at all iii) Using the toilet:  No - no difficulty  Yes - some difficulty  Yes - a lot of difficulty  Cannot do at all 37.
Using this person’s usual (customary) language, does he/she have difficulty communicating, for example understanding or being understood?

 No - no difficulty  Yes - some difficulty  Yes - a lot of difficulty  Cannot do at all ➢ End and proceed to the next member.
SAMPLE122 SINGAPORE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS CENSUS OF POPULATION 2020 (STATISTICS ACT, CHAPTER 317) INDIVIDUAL FORM Appendix I CONFIDENTIAL FOR ABSENTEE MEMBER This section must be filled in for persons whose location of employment or course of study is overseas.

The duration of the overseas job or course should be 12 months or more.

It also includes persons who are not working or studying but have been staying or intend to stay abroad for at least 12 months.

38.
38.

Where is this person currently residing in?

_____________________________________________________________________________________ 39.

What is this person’s reason for living abroad?

 Studying  Working  Others (e.g.

staying with related persons overseas) ➢ If this person is not studying and age at last birthday is 14 and above, proceed to Item 40.

➢ Otherwise, end and proceed to the next member.

40.

What is this person’s highest qualification attained?
 No formal qualification (Did not pass PSLE)  Primary, passed PSLE or equivalent  Secondary, without any GCE 'N'/'O' level pass  Secondary, with at least 1 GCE 'N'/'O' level pass, ITE Certificate of Competency, NTC Grade 3 or equivalent  Post-Secondary (Non-tertiary), with at least 1 GCE 'A' level pass, ITE Certificate in Office Skills, ITE Certificate in Business Studies, NTC Grade 1, NTC Grade 2, ITC, Nitec/Higher Nitec/Master Nitec or equivalent  Polytechnic Diploma  Professional Qualification or Other Diploma (e.g.
ITE Diploma, ACCA, CFA, SIM Diploma, NIE Diploma)  Bachelor’s Degree or equivalent  Postgraduate Diploma/Certificate (excluding Master’s and Doctorate)  Master’s/Doctorate or equivalent ➢ End and proceed to the next member.
SAMPLE123 Appendix J IDENTIFICATION BADGE FOR SURVEY OFFICER GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SINGAPORE SINGAPORE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS Census of Population 2020 Survey Officer Name : NRIC : Photo 124 Appendix J LETTER OF AUTHORISATION FOR SURVEY OFFICER GOVERNMENT OF SINGAPORE CENSUS OF POPULATION 2020 LETTER OF AUTHORISATION The Singapore Department of Statistics, Ministry of Trade & Industry is conducting the Census of Population 2020.

XXX (NRIC No.

XXX) is a Survey Officer with the Department.


He/She is hereby authorised to collect and verify information relating to Census of Population 2020.

We would like to assure you that all information provided will be kept in confidence in accordance with the Statistics Act (Chapter 317).
Date issued: DD MM 2020 SALLY LIM for CHIEF STATISTICIAN SINGAPORE 125 Appendix J FIELDWORK VISITATION CARD SINGAPORE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS 109 North Bridge Road #08-01 Funan Singapore 179097 Dear Sir/Madam House ID CENSUS OF POPULATION 2020 (Statistics Act, Chapter 317) The Singapore Department of Statistics is currently conducting the Census of Population 2020.
Our survey officer visited your house on______________________ at ________________ to interview you or your household members but could not contact any adult member.

Please contact Mr/Ms ____________________________________ at Tel / Hp No.

_________________________ between _________________ to ________________ before _______________ to arrange for an appointment.
We would like to assure you that all information provided for the Census 2020 will be kept in confidence in accordance with the Statistics Act (Chapter 317).

Thank you for your co-operation.

Yours faithfully < Name of Senior Supervisor > for CHIEF STATISTICIAN SINGAPORE For enquiries, please contact us at 1800-236-2020 during our hotline operating hours from Mondays to Sundays, 9am to 10.30pm or census2020@singstat.gov.sg.
126 LETTER OF APPOINTMENT FOR CENSUS OFFICER Appendix J SINGAPORE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS 109 North Bridge Road #08-01 Funan Singapore 179097 Our Ref: 3 Feb 2020 Ms/Mr XXX Census Supervisor Appointment of Census Supervisor for the Census of Population 2020 Please be informed that you have been apointed as Census Supervisor with effect from 4 Feb 2020.
WONG WEE KIM CHIEF STATISTICIAN SINGAPORE 127 CENSUS 2020 CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE Appendix J CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE CENSUS OF POPULATION 2020 presented to in recognition of dedicated service WONG WEE KIM CHIEF STATISTICIAN DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS SINGAPORE Date: Dec 2020 128 Appendix K ACRONYMS USED IN CENSUS 2020 RELEASES Acronym (in alphabetical order) ACCA ACD AOD BC BEST CATI CB CENSUS 2020 CET CFA CPF CLFS DCD DEFT DORSCON DOS DPO ESM FAQ FIN FWM GCE GEBIZ GHS GPC HDB HRD ISC ISCED ISCED-F ISCO-08 ISIC Rev.
4 IT ITC ITE ITT JC Description Association of Chartered Certified Accountants Assistant Census Director Automatic Outbound Dialler Birth Certificate Basic Education for Skills Training Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing Circuit Breaker Census of Population 2020 Continuing Education and Training Chartered Financial Analyst Central Provident Fund Comprehensive Labour Force Survey Deputy Census Director Design Effect Disease Outbreak Response System Condition Singapore Department of Statistics Data Processing Operators Electronic Submission Module Frequently Asked Questions Foreign Identification Number Fieldwork Management General Certificate of Education Government Electronic Business General Household Survey Government Private Cloud Housing and Development Board Household Registration Database ITE Skills Certificate International Standard Classification of Education ISCED Fields of Education and Training International Standard Classification of Occupations 2008 International Standard Industrial Classification Revision 4 Information Technology Industrial Technician Certificate Institute of Technical Education Invitation to Tender Junior College 129 ML MRT MOM NAFA NIE NITEC NLB NRIC NS NTC OTP PSLE QA QR RO RSE SE SIM SINGPASS SLHH SMS SPF SR SSEC SSIC SSN SSOC UIS UN UNESCO WISE WSQ WPLN 2FA Appendix K Machine Learning Mass Rapid Transit Ministry of Manpower Nanyang Academy of Fine Arts National Institute of Education National ITE Certificate National Library Board National Registration Identity Card
 National Service National Technical Certificate One Time Password Primary School Leaving Examination Quality Assurance Quick Response Regional Office Relative Standard Error Standard Error Singapore Institute of Management Singapore Personal Access Survey of Large Households Short Message Service Singapore Police Force Statistical Releases Singapore Standard Educational Classification Singapore Standard Industrial Classification Statistics Singapore Newsletter Singapore Standard Occupational Classification UNESCO Institute for Statistics United Nations United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation Worker Improvement through Secondary Education Workforce Skills Qualifications Workplace Literacy and Numeracy Two-Factor Authentication 130 CENSUS 2020 PRESS RELEASE Appendix L PRESS STATEMENT Launch of Census of Population 2020 The Singapore Department of Statistics (DOS) will conduct the Census of Population 2020 (C2020) from 4 February 2020, over a period of about six to nine months.
About the Census The Census of Population is the largest national survey undertaken in Singapore and is conducted once in 10 years.

The last Census of Population was conducted in 2010.

Information collected on key characteristics of the population and households are important inputs for policy formulation and review, and for planning of programmes and services for the community.

Basic characteristics of the population such as age, sex and ethnic group are obtained from official administrative records.
Additional information such as language literacy, language spoken at home and economic and employment details will be collected in the C2020 survey.

Data on individuals with difficulties performing basic activities will also be collected for the first time for the compilation of disability-related statistics.

Some 150,000 households have been selected to participate in C2020.
Of these, 33,000 households will be surveyed via the Comprehensive Labour Force Survey (CLFS) conducted by the Ministry of Manpower (MOM) in mid-2020.

The CLFS will include C2020 questions so as to reduce overall response burden and minimise duplication of efforts by DOS and MOM.
Participation from Households Between February and July 2020, the selected households will receive a notification letter from DOS, together with an information pamphlet on C2020 and a token of appreciation for their participation.

The selected households may submit their C2020 returns via Internet, telephone or face-to-face interview.
131 Appendix L (a) Internet Submission Households may submit their C2020 returns via the Internet through the Census Online Submission Form, which is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week and on-the-go via internet-accessible devices such as mobile devices and laptops.

Households may refer to the online User Guide, pose queries to the Virtual Assistant or call the toll-free C2020 Hotline at 1800-236-2020 for further assistance.
(b) Telephone Interview Alternatively, households may call the toll-free C2020 Hotline at 1800-236-2020 to complete their returns via a telephone interview.

An appointment can also be scheduled over the phone for an interview at a later date.

C2020 interviewers may call households who have not submitted their returns by the due date indicated in their letter.

They will identify themselves as C2020 officers and quote the unique House ID for each house.
(c) Face-to-Face Interview C2020 field interviewers will visit the selected households who have not submitted their returns via the Internet or telephone by the submission deadline.

These field interviewers will carry official identification cards and letters of authorisation.

Some of these interviewers may visit households in the evenings.

Households who wish to verify the identity of C2020 interviewers may call the C2020 Hotline at 1800- 236-2020.
C2020 Hotline and Email Address The toll-free C2020 Hotline (1800-236-2020) operates daily (including public holidays), from 9am to 10.30pm.

C2020 officers will answer enquiries and provide assistance on the submission of C2020 survey returns.

Enquiries on the survey may also be sent to: census2020@singstat.gov.sg.

Cooperation from Respondents The cooperation of households in submitting their completed survey returns is crucial to the successful conduct of C2020.
DOS looks forward to the participation of all selected households.

132 Appendix L Confidentiality of Data Assured C2020 is conducted under the Statistics Act (Chapter 317).

Participation is compulsory.

All information provided will be kept in confidence in accordance with the Statistics Act.
General Information For an introduction on C2020 and information on how the conduct of Censuses have improved over the years, read the article on Census of Population 2020 at www.singstat.gov.sg/-/media/files/publications/population/ssn219-pg14.pdf (Annex).

More information and resources on C2020 are available on the SingStat Website at www.singstat.gov.sg/census2020.
Singapore Department of Statistics 4 February 2020 For enquiries, please contact: Ms Teo Wan Choo T 6332 7185 E teo_wan_choo@singstat.gov.sg Mrs Sally LIM T 6332 8219 E sally_lim@singstat.gov.sg 133 HEAD COUNT: THE HISTORY OF CENSUS TAKING IN SINGAPORE Appendix M 134 Appendix M 135 Appendix M 136 Appendix M 137 Appendix M 138 Appendix M 139 Appendix M 140 Statistics Singapore Newsletter Issue 2, 2019 Appendix N Census of Population 2020 About the Census Conducted once in ten years, the Census of Population is the largest national survey undertaken in Singapore.
Census of Population 2020 (C2020) will be the sixth Census after Singapore’s Independence and the 15th since the first Census taken in 1871.

Objective The Census collects information on key characteristics of the population and households.

The information is used by government agencies for policy formulation and review, and planning of programmes and services for the community.
It is also used for research and the Singapore population by understanding of members of the public, academia and the international community.

Conduct of C2020 C2020 will adopt a register-based approach, similar to the Censuses conducted in 2000 and 2010, where the basic population count and characteristics such as age, sex and ethnicity will be compiled from administrative sources.

To collect the data on detailed socio-economic and household characteristics, a large-scale sample survey will be conducted.
An improved sampling design has been adopted, which reduces sample size by 25%, from 200,000 household addresses in C2010 to 150,000 in C2020.

Survey information required from households relate to housing, socio-economic characteristics (including occupation, industry, income), education, language and in literacy, transport, religion and difficulty performing basic activities.

Households can submit their survey returns through various modes (Internet, telephone or face-to-face interview).
Improvements With the increased usage of mobile devices and growing demand from respondents to enumerate online, the C2020 will provide a mobile-friendly interface for online submission of survey returns.

Respondents will use SingPass for login, and undergo two-factor authentication for added security.

Field interviewers will be using tablets in face-to-face interviews.
Information collected from the online survey, telephone and face-to-face interviews can thus be updated directly in the backend server to allow a consistent set of the information provided through the different modes of submission.
CENSUS TIMELINE First Census in Singapore First Census After Independence • Introduction of sample Second Census After Independence • Introduction of systematic enumeration with main census • Used computer for preparation of tables computer editing and “cleaning” of data Last Traditional Census • Surveyed all households in Singapore • Trialled the use of administrative records for basic particulars in Census • Used paper-and-pen approach for data collection 2000 2010 2020 1871 1970 1980 1990 First Register-Based Census • Used administrative data for basic population count Second Register-Based Census • Used more administrative data for Third Register-Based Census • Use administrative data in a more integrated and profile population profile manner • Enumerated 20% sample to supplement data not • Adopted tri-modal data collection • Improvements will be made on each mode of available from administrative sources • Introduced tri-modal data collection strategy with Internet self-enumeration, telephone interviews via Call Centre, paper-and-pen approach for face-to-face interviews, and optical character recognition form scanning strategy, with Internet self-enumeration, Call Centre interviews, and paperless Census • Deployed ultra mobile personal computers for face-to-face interviews the tri-modal data collection strategy:  Mobile-friendly web-design  Tablets with secured wireless real-time data transmissions  Artificial Intelligence (AI)-assisted data processing 141 Appendix O Conducting Census of Population 2020 in Singapore amidst COVID-19 by Chia Wai Yin and Wong Wei Lin Census Office Singapore Department of Statistics About the Census of Population Singapore carries out the Census of Population once in ten years.
Conducted by the Singapore Department of Statistics (DOS), the Census is the largest national survey undertaken to collect and compile information on detailed characteristics and the profile of the population and households.

Since 2000, Singapore has adopted a register-based approach for Census-taking, using administrative data from different sources to provide basic demographic information such as age, sex and ethnicity for the whole population.
In-depth socio-economic and household information on characteristics that are not already available from administrative sources are then captured through a large-scale sample survey.

radio (C2020) (e.g.

(e.g.

To raise public awareness of the Census of Population 2020 in general and to reach out to survey respondents in particular, relevant information about the C2020 was made available through the mass media ads), posters in community centres, MRT trains, neighbourhood police posts etc.)
and the SingStat Website (www.singstat.gov.sg/census2020).

The Census webpage includes a video on the conduct of C2020 and its purpose as well as access to the Census Online Submission Form.

newspaper and impact of Even though Censuses have been conducted regularly about once in 10 years since 1871 in Singapore, the the COVID-19 pandemic posed unprecedented challenges for the conduct of C2020 and presented valuable lessons for the planning and implementation of future household surveys.
Copyright © Singapore Department of Statistics.

All rights reserved.

Adjustments to C2020 Data Collection Strategy The C2020 sample survey covering some 150,000 households, was launched on 4 Feb 2020.

A tri-modal data collection strategy is implemented to cater to the varied profile and needs of the population while balancing resource considerations.

Based on the experience of C2010, data collection for a Census was expected to take about 6 months to complete.
However, the COVID-19 outbreak and the ensuing measures its spread severely impact the timeline for the conduct of in DOS swiftly made C2020.

The Census Office adjustments and adapted to the new operating environment for the C2020 operations.

implemented nationwide to control Online Self-Enumeration at their their returns In C2020, respondents are able to submit their survey returns directly through the Internet.
This provides flexibility for respondents as the online submission platform is available round the clock for them to provide convenience.

Through online enumeration, the manpower required to reach out to respondents is reduced.

Despite the COVID-19 outbreak, the online submission mode to allows continue as respondents could complete and submit their returns themselves in the convenience of their homes any time of the day.
To encourage online self-enumeration, respondents who did not complete and submit their survey returns by the deadline would receive up to three reminder letters, one more compared to the two reminder letters that were sent in C2010.

collection C2020 data the for 142 Computer-Assisted Telephone Interview Face-to-Face Interview Appendix O Statistics Singapore Newsletter Issue 2, 2020 in Respondents are able to complete the survey over the phone via a Census hotline.
The Census Call Centre also reaches out to respondents who have not completed their returns online by a stipulated date.

Besides providing assistance the completion of survey over phone interviews, the Census hotline is critical in supporting respondents in completing their online submission and attending to other on C2020.

general With work-from-home arrangements being in place during the Circuit Breaker period between April and June 2020, operations at the Census Call Centre were scaled down.
Work processes were changed to allow for a smaller pool of C2020 staff to continue supporting the operation of certain scope of work over the telephone.

This includes receiving incoming calls for phone interviews and survey enquiries.

Calls made to respondents were cut down.

enquiries feedback and Face-to-face interviews are conducted for respondents if they did not respond through the online survey and could not be contacted by phone.
At the initial launch of C2020 in February, a small number of households were visited by C2020 interviewers.

Due to the COVID-19 outbreak, face-to-face visits were only arranged upon request from mid February to early March, and face-to-face visits were only carried out after health and travel declarations were obtained from these households which had requested for face-to-face interviews.
These additional precautionary measures were put in place to ensure the health and safety of both the C2020 respondents and C2020 staff.

Field visits were suspended from April to mid July 2020 due to measures implemented nationwide to fight towards against COVID-19, and only the second half of July, well into Phase 2 post Circuit Breaker.
resumed Lessons Learnt Staggered Rollout In reviewing the design of C2020 and reflecting on the adjustments made, the following areas were identified to have helped mitigate the impact of COVID-19, and will continue to be leveraged if needed.

In the design of the Census workflow, the Census Office has adopted a staggered approach where the full Census sample is split into a number of smaller groups, which have survey start dates spread over 143 3 Statistics Singapore Newsletter Issue 2, 2020 several weeks.
This is to help manage the case load on the Internet server, call traffic to the Census hotline and minimise risk of data exposure for individual households on the Internet.

This design provided flexibility for the dispatch dates and sizes of each batch to be adjusted in response to the evolving COVID-19 situation and measures.

For example, when call operations were scaled back, we were able to release smaller batches in less frequent intervals to cushion the effect of reduced manpower.
Applying Analytics to Schedule Reminders and Optimise Response the intensity of Analytics were used to monitor the progress of individual batch and follow up with adjustments, to in particular on households.

Due to the suspension of reminder letters being sent during the Circuit Breaker period, there was a drop in responses for selected groups (Chart 1).

This demonstrates the effectiveness of reminder letters in boosting survey completion rates.
reminders Earlier Census Launch Date In C2010, contingency plans were discussed to provide for potential challenges that may arise due to the H1N1 outbreak between 2009 and 2010 ahead of the launch of the Census but these were not activated eventually.

C2020 was launched one month ahead of schedule compared to the previous Census, to cater for unforeseen circumstances.
The earlier launch provided some buffer time for Census operations to gradually resume after the main operations had to be scaled down for over two months due to the implementation Appendix O of the Circuit Breaker measures between 7 April and 18 June 2020.

Online Submission With more than half of the households submitting their returns via the Internet, a large proportion of responses continued to be received during the Circuit Breaker.
The higher take-up rate for online mode compared to the previous Census was expected but still served as a critical factor in reducing the load that needs to be followed up on.

Register-Based Census As data on population estimates are compiled from administrative records, top-line population data such as population count, sex ratio, age and ethnic composition for 2020 have been made available through the annual Population Trends report.
This is despite the impact of COVID-19 measures and scaled- down Census operations over a protracted period.

Data Processing Enhancements Using administrative data for consistency checks and implementing machine learning to the coding of selected data items mitigated resource constraints in data processing during the COVID-19 pandemic as work-from-home arrangements were put in place.

Current Progress As of September 2020, the Census 2020 collection is still ongoing.
The Census Office strives to complete the data collection as soon and safe as we can, while we adapt to the COVID-19 situation when required.

Detailed statistical releases are expected to be released progressively from 1Q 2021.
CHART 1 COMPLETION RATE OF C2020 BATCHES 020406080100 1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 101 111 121 131 141 151 161 171 181 191 201 211Elapsed DaysCompletion Rate (%)Completion rate starts to slow down with the suspension of reminder letters during Circuit Breaker144 Statistics Singapore Newsletter Issue 1, 2021 Appendix P Census of Population 2020 - Modes of Submission and Reminders Amidst COVID-19 by Russell Ong and Yap Yee Liong Census Office Singapore Department of Statistics Introduction (DOS) The Singapore Department of Statistics conducted the Census of Population 2020 (Census 2020) in 2020.
While the main Census data collection period was from Feb to Oct 2020 when the Internet submission was open and outreach was done, returns from respondents continued to come in through the hotline and clarifications were made till end Dec 2020.

Census 2020 adopted a register-based approach large-scale sample survey supplemented with a similar to the approach adopted in Census 2010.
Under the basic register-based approach, population count and characteristics1 were obtained from administrative records from multiple sources.

A sample survey of some 150,000 households was then conducted to obtain additional information2 that was not available from administrative sources.

the The Census 2020 sample survey was launched on 4 Feb 2020.
A tri-modal data collection strategy comprising telephone self-enumeration, Internet interviews, and face-to-face interviews was implemented to cater to the varied profile and needs of the population while balancing resource considerations.

While the collection approach had been tri-modal data undertaken the COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing Circuit Breaker measures implemented nationwide spread invariably impacted how respondents chose to provide their Census 2020 submissions.
since Census 2000, to control its This article presents a summary analysis of the response modes used by households to submit their returns for the Census 2020 survey.

The Internet mode of data collection played an important role in Census 2020, as it was found to be the most popular response mode in 2020, exceeding reception levels in the Censuses of 2000 and 2010.
The impact of reminder letters, which were used to address the challenges posed by the pandemic, limitations of face-to-face visits are also examined.

including KEY FEATURES OF TRI-MODAL COLLECTION STRATEGY IN CENSUS 2020 Internet - Respondents submit their survey returns directly through the Internet.

This provides flexibility and convenience to respondents as the online submission portal is available round-the-clock.
Census Hotline – Respondents complete the survey over the phone via the Census hotline.

The daily operating hours for the Census hotline is from 9 am to 10.30 pm (including Saturdays, Sundays and Public Holidays).

Face-to-Face Interviews - For respondents who did not respond through the online survey and could not be contacted by phone, interviews are conducted.
While it is labour-intensive, it is an essential mode to reach out to respondents, especially those who are not Internet-savvy or prefer an in-person validation before proceeding with the survey.

1 The basic population characteristics include age, sex, ethnic group, place of birth, type of dwelling, geographical distribution and other basic demographic statistics.
2 The additional data required for in-depth studies included marital status and fertility, education and language spoken, literacy, economic characteristics, housing and household characteristics, mode of transport, religion, and difficulty in performing basic activities.
145 Appendix P Statistics Singapore Newsletter Issue 1, 2021 Submission Modes in Census 2020 Compared with Earlier Censuses The proportion of respondents who submitted their survey returns over the Internet surged to 64 per cent in Census 2020 (Chart 1) compared to 15 per cent in Census 2000 and 38 per cent in Census 2010.
While respondents who submitted their responses over the telephone constituted the majority during the Censuses of 2000 and 2010, the proportion of such respondents declined from 62 per cent in Census 2000 to just 25 per cent in Census 2020.
Profile of Responding Households In Census 2020, households that submitted their larger average returns over the Internet had a household size of 3.3 persons (Table 1) compared with households who opted for the other two modes (2.5 persons for Telephone and 2.3 persons for Face-to-Face interviews).

Some 45 per cent of those who responded through the Internet had 4 or more members in their households compared to only 21 per cent for those responding through face-to-face interviews.
This trend in Census 2020 was generally consistent with that observed in Census 2010, where respondents from household of larger sizes were more likely to use the online submission mode.

This could be due to the convenience Internet option provided, since respondents could respond to the survey any time and over a number of sessions according to the availability of individual members.
the CHART 1 SHIFTS IN USE OF MODES OF SUBMISSION, 2000 - 2020 TABLE 1 DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLD SIZE BY MODE OF SUBMISSION, 2010 AND 2020 Household Size 1 Person 2 Persons 3 Persons 4 Persons 5 and More Persons Average Household Size (Person) Per Cent Internet Telephone Face-to-Face Interview C2010 C2020 C2010 C2020 C2010 C2020 153864624625221611020406080100Census 2000 Census 2010Census 2020Per CentInternetTelephoneFace-to-Face Interview146 3 Statistics Singapore Newsletter Issue 1, 2021 More than 50 per cent of Households in HDB 3-Room and Larger Flats and Private Housing Used Internet Submission in Census 2020 More than 50 per cent of households residing in HDB 3-room or larger flats and private housing submitted in Census 2020 (Chart 2).
Internet returns their the via Appendix P increased Submission of census returns over the Internet has also from Census 2010 among those residing in HDB 1- and 2-room flats.

Within this group, 35 per cent of households had used the Internet for their Census 2020 submissions, more than three times the proportion in Census 2010.

Nonetheless, households in this group remained more likely to use telephone and face-to-face survey submissions modes in Census 2020, at 43 per cent and 22 per cent respectively.
CHART 2 MODES OF SUBMISSION BY DWELLING TYPES, 2010 AND 2020 3553657072704334252117242213119126112737454246525148413641382216132213020406080100201020202010202020102020201020202010202020102020Per CentInternet, 2020Telephone, 2020Face-to-Face Interview, 2020Internet, 2010Telephone, 2010Face-to-Face Interview, 2010Landed PropertiesCondominiums& Private FlatsHDB 5-Room & Executive FlatsHDB 4-Room FlatsHDB 3-Room FlatsHDB 1-& 2-Room Flats147 Appendix P Statistics Singapore Newsletter Issue 1, 2021 Internet Submission Remained the Most Popular Choice among Better-Educated returns through the Internet (Chart 3), an increase from 48 per cent in Census 2010.
Households with reference persons3 holding higher educational qualifications had greater propensity to use the Internet to submit their Census 2020 returns.

Among households whose reference persons had University qualifications, 72 per cent submitted their The corresponding proportion was lower at slightly below 50 per cent among households with reference persons whose educational qualification is at Secondary level or lower, albeit a significant increase from 31 per cent in Census 2010.
CHART 3 SUBMISSION MODES BY HIGHEST QUALIFICATION ATTAINED OF REFERENCE PERSON, 2010 AND 2020 3 Introduced in Census 2020, the term ‘Household Reference Person’ may refer to the oldest member, the main income earner, the owner-occupier of the house, the person who manages the affairs of the household, or the person who supplied the information pertaining to other members.

Prior to Census 2020, survey respondents were asked to identify the ‘head of household’.
The identified person is used as the reference person to determine relationships between household members.

In Census 2020, the term ‘head of household’ was replaced with ‘household reference person’.
4846474954716472383738363020221515171615161014132726283135475148535252514639363420221917191514170204060801002010202020102020201020202010202020102020201020202010202020102020Per CentInternet, 2020Telephone, 2020Face-to-Face Interview, 2020Internet, 2010Telephone, 2010Face-to-Face Interview, 2010UniversityProfessional Qualification and Other DiplomaPolytechnicPost-Secondary (Non-Tertiary)SecondaryLower SecondaryPrimaryNo Qualification148 5 Statistics Singapore Newsletter Issue 1, 2021 Appendix P CHART 4 INTERNET SUBMISSION RATE BY PLANNING AREA, 2020 Internet Submission Remained as the More Popular Submission Mode among Households in Younger Estates Among the planning areas4 covered in Census 2020, Punggol and Sengkang remained the top two estates (Chart 4) with the highest Internet submission rates5 of 73 – 74 per cent.
In contrast, more mature estates such as Outram, Geylang, Kallang and Bukit Merah rates of registered 48 – 55 per cent.

submission Internet lower evenly spread out from 9 am to 5 pm.

In comparison, Census 2010 saw the peak period spread over shorter hours in the evenings from 8 pm to midnight and the day.
a This could be due to the increased accessibility of mobile devices to complete the Census Internet submission form for Census 2020. lower proportion of logins during CHART 5 SESSIONS LOGGED IN TO THE CENSUS ONLINE SUBMISSION PORTAL, 2010 AND 2020 Usage Patterns of Respondents Internet Responses were More Evenly Distributed Throughout the Day with Short Peak at Night In both Census 2010 and Census 2020, most of the respondents who provided their Census submissions through the online submission platform logged in between 8 pm and 10 pm each day (Chart 5).
In Census 2020, the distribution of logins was more 4 Refers to the planning areas for the physical development of Singapore as demarcated in the Urban Redevelopment Authority’s Master Plan 2019.

5 Based on sample counts and refers to the proportion of households who submitted their returns through the Internet vis-à-vis the total submissions in the stated planning area.
0246810000004000800120016002000Per CentHour of the DayCensus 2010Census 2020149 Appendix P Statistics Singapore Newsletter Issue 1, 2021 CHART 7 PROPORTION OF TOTAL CALLS RECEIVED BY THE CENSUS HOTLINE BY HOUR OF THE DAY, 2010 AND 2020 returns.
Thereafter, a notification letter, informing them that they had been selected to participate in the Census 2020, and that they were given two weeks to provide their to survey encourage participation were sent to respondents who had not completed their returns by the end of the second week and by the end of the fourth week.

Reminder letters are necessary to prompt respondents to continue with uncompleted survey submissions.
reminder letters In contrast to Census 2010 where two reminder letters were sent, a total of four reminders were sent in Census 2020 to encourage submissions through Internet and telephone, as face-to-face interviews were delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic (Chart 8).
CHART 8 VOLUME OF REMINDER LETTERS AS A PROPORTION OF SURVEYED SAMPLE, 2020 Devices Used to Submit Census Returns The Census online submission portal for Census 2020 to be mobile-responsive, where was designed the online questionnaires were optimized for better viewing on various screen sizes of devices, type of mobile device and according used by the respondent.

Mobile phones were the most commonly used device at 44 per cent, with Desktop/Laptop at a close second in popularity at 31 per cent (Chart 6).
the to CHART 6 TYPE OF DEVICES USED TO SUBMIT CENSUS RETURNS, 2020 More Calls to Census Hotline in the Day Some 25,300 calls were made to the Census 2020 hotline between Feb and Oct 20207.

These included calls from respondents who submitted their Census returns over the phone, respondents who required assistance while completing their survey over the Internet, and calls from the public who had general enquiries relating to the Census 2020.
In contrast to the late-night peak period for respondents using the Internet, the Census hotline received the highest number of calls in the morning from 9 am and the call volume remained high throughout the day, until 4 pm (Chart 7).

The trend in Census 2020 is similar to that registered for Census 2010.

Effectiveness of Reminder Letters The sample of 150,000 households were divided into 21 batches and respondents were progressively received notified by batch.
Respondents first 6 Refers to device types that are not distinguishable from “Desktop/Laptop”, “Mobile Phone” and “Tablet”.

7 Includes calls received from Feb up till 31 Oct 2020 and excludes the Circuit Breaker period and up till the Phase 2 Re-opening from 7 Apr – 20 Jun 2020 when the call operation was managed by a team working from home.
31%44%2%23%Desktop/LaptopMobile PhoneTabletNot Known60246810120900110013001500170019002100Per CentHour of the DayCensus 2010Census 20207250249020406080100Reminder 1Reminder 2Reminder 3Reminder 4Reminder LettersPer Cent150 7 Statistics Singapore Newsletter Issue 1, 2021 Impact of First Reminder (R1) Similar to the dispatch of notification letters, reminder letters were sent to respondents in batches.
In order to manage the call volume arising from inbound traffic at the Census 2020 call centre during the Circuit Breaker period from Apr to Jun 2020 where only a small number of officers were managing the calls from the Census hotline, the dispatch of R1 for the last five Batches was delayed.

The effect of the delayed R1 is distinct (Chart 9).
For a more in-depth view, a comparison between two Groups was made, with Groups 1 and 2 comprising the average completion rate of batches 1-16 and batches 17-21 respectively.

A difference of 56 days in the average number of elapsed days between the date of notification letter and R1 of Group 1 (16 days) and Group 2 (72 days) was observed.

From Chart 10, R1 in helping Group 1 to increase the survey completion rate by 36 per cent compared to Group 2 where R1 was delayed by 56 days.
to be more effective is shown Concluding Remarks Amidst environment, DOS responded swiftly to facilitate data collection for pandemic uncertain an Appendix P the Census 2020 under challenging conditions through adaptation or by delaying some of the survey operations.

The continued support and co-operation of respondents who provided their survey responses was a key success factor for the completion of the Census 2020.
The Internet appeared to be the pivotal mode of data collection in the tri-modal survey strategy that allowed Census 2020 to be successfully completed.

Nonetheless, all three modes of data collection remain relevant in Singapore’s context.

Reminder letters were also effective in nudging respondents into completing their survey submissions.
Moving forward, DOS will continue to review the most appropriate mode(s) to administer household surveys, while taking into consideration the nature of the survey and the changing lifestyle of the population.

The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of operational adaptability in a rapidly changing environment.
While it invariably increased the challenges for the data collection process, it also technology provided opportunities to encourage self-help and self-enumeration through digital means.
leverage to CHART 9 OVERALL COMPLETION RATE BY BATCHES, 2020 CHART 10 AVERAGE COMPLETION RATE OF GROUP 1 (BATCHES 1-16) AND GROUP 2 (BATCHES 17-21), 267Per CentElapsed days Batch 1 Batch 2 Batch 3 Batch 4 Batch 5 Batch 6 Batch 7 Batch 8 Batch 9 Batch 10 Batch 11 Batch 12 Batch 13 Batch 14 Batch 15 Batch 16 Batch 17 Batch 18 Batch 19 Batch 20 Batch 21FirstdelayofBatch17seenastherateofincreasewasminimaluntilthedispatchofthefirstreminderletter.0204060801001815222936435057647178859299106113120127134141148155162169176183190197204211218225232Per CentElapsed daysAvg Group 1(Batches 1 - 16)Avg Group 2(Batches 17 - 21)R1R156 days151 GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND DEFINITIONS Appendix Q DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS Age Age refers to the number of completed years between a person’s date of birth and the Census reference date of 30 June 2020.
Ethnic / Detailed Ethnic Group Ethnic group is obtained from administrative sources and as declared by the person.

The population is classified into the following four categories: Chinese Malays Indians This refers to persons of Chinese origin such as Hokkiens, Teochews, Cantonese, Hakkas, Hainanese, Foochows, Henghuas, Shanghainese, Hockchias, etc.

This includes persons of Malay or Indonesian origin, such as Javanese, Boyanese, etc.
This includes persons of Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi or Sri Lankan origin such as Tamils, Malayalees, Hindis, Sikhs, etc.

Other Ethnic Groups This comprises all persons other than Chinese, Malays and Indians.

They include Eurasians, Caucasians, Fillipinos, Burmese, Arabs, Thais etc.

Residential Status Singapore citizens and permanent residents are classified as Singapore residents or the resident population.
Singapore permanent residents refer to non-citizens who have been granted permanent residence in Singapore.

The non-resident population comprised foreigners who were working, studying or living in Singapore but not granted permanent residence, excluding tourists and short-term visitors.

Place of Birth Place of birth refers to the geographical area in which the person was born.
152 Appendix Q Marital Status Marital status refers to a person's conjugal status in relation to the marriage laws or customs in Singapore.

Single Married Widowed This refers to persons who have never been married.

This refers to persons who are legally married or married according to customary rites.

This refers to persons whose spouses are deceased and have not remarried.
Divorced/Separated This refers to persons whose marriages have been legally dissolved, or persons who have been legally separated or estranged from their spouses and who have not remarried.

Ever-Married Females Ever-married females refer to females who have been married before and are currently married, widowed, or divorced/separated.

Number of Children Born Number of children born refers to all the live-born children each woman has ever given birth to.
It includes those children who are currently staying with her, those who have set up their own homes and those who are no longer living.

Religion Religion refers to the religious faith or spiritual belief of a person regardless of whether he/she regularly attends religious ceremonies in a temple, mosque, church or other religious building.

He/she may or may not practise his/her faith or belief.

It is as declared by the person.


Sex Ratio Sex ratio refers to the number of males per 1,000 females in the population.

153 Appendix Q Age Dependency Ratio The old-age dependency ratio is defined as the number of elderly person aged 65 years and over for every 100 persons aged 20-64 years.

The child dependency ratio is defined as the number of persons aged below 20 years for every 100 persons aged 20-64 years.
EDUCATION, LITERACY AND LANGUAGE Literacy (Language Literate In) This refers to a person’s ability to read with understanding, e.g.

a newspaper, in the language(s) specified.

Language Most / Second Most Frequently Spoken at Home Language most / second most frequently spoken at home refers to the language or dialect that a person uses most / second most frequently at home when speaking to other household member(s).
For persons who are staying alone, it refers to the language(s)/dialect(s) he/she uses most / second most frequently.

Level of Education Attending Level of education attending refers to the grade or standard of formal education which a student aged 5 years and over is attending.
The classification of level of education attending into the following main categories is based on the Singapore Standard Educational Classification 2020 : Pre-Primary Primary Secondary This refers kindergartens or pre-primary classes.

to students attending nurseries, This refers to students attending Primary 1 to 6 and special classes for the educationally sub-normal.
This refers to students attending Secondary 1 to 5 or courses of secondary in the vocational, technical and commercial education institutions, Institute of Technical Education (ITE) Skills Certificate courses.
level offered including 154 Post Secondary (Non-Tertiary) Polytechnic Diploma Professional Qualification and Other Diploma Appendix Q This refers to students attending Pre-university classes and junior colleges or other courses at post- secondary level, including fifth or sixth year of the Integrated Programme, National ITE Certificate (Nitec), Higher Nitec and Master Nitec.
This refers to students attending polytechnic diploma or polytechnic post/advanced/specialist/ management/graduate diploma courses offered by local Polytechnics such as the Singapore the Polytechnic, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Temasek Polytechnic, Nanyang Polytechnic and Republic Polytechnic.
This refers to students attending courses leading to the award of professional qualification and other diploma, including ITE diploma, National Institute of Education (NIE) diploma, Singapore Institute of Management (SIM) diploma, LASALLE diploma, Nanyang Academy of Fine Arts (NAFA) diploma, Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA), Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA).

University This refers to students attending degree or post- graduate courses in universities.
Highest Qualification Attained Highest qualification attained refers to the highest grade or standard a person has passed or the highest level where a vocational/skill certificate, diploma, or degree is awarded.
The classification of highest qualification attained into the following main categories is based on the Singapore Standard Educational Classification 2020: No Qualification This refers to persons who have never attended school, have primary education but without Primary School Leaving Examination (PSLE) certificate or 155 Primary Lower Secondary Secondary Post-Secondary (Non-Tertiary) Appendix Q their equivalent, or have Certificate Education for Skills Training (BEST) 1 – 3. in Basic This refers to persons who have PSLE or other certificate of equivalent standard, or have Certificate in BEST 4 or at least 3 achievements2 for different Workplace Literacy or Numeracy (WPLN) skills at Level 1 or 2. of (GCE) This refers to persons who have secondary education without any subject pass at General Normal Education Certificate (‘N’)/Ordinary (‘O’) Level or equivalent, or have Certificate through Secondary Education (WISE) 1-3, or basic vocational certificates (including ITE Basic Vocational Training), or at least 3 achievements for different WPLN skills at Level 3 or 4.
Improvement in Worker This refers to persons who have at least 1 subject pass at GCE ‘N’ / ‘O’ Level, or have National ITE Certificate (Nitec) (Intermediate) or equivalent (including National Technical Certificate (NTC) Grade 3, Certificate of Vocational Training, BCA Builder Certificate), or have ITE Skills Certificate (ISC) or equivalent (including Certificate of Competency, Certificate least 3 in Service Skills) or at achievements for different WPLN skills at Level 5 and above.
This refers to persons who have at least 1 subject pass at GCE ‘A’/’H2’ Level or other certificates/ qualifications of equivalent standard.
It also includes those who have Nitec (including Post Nitec Certificate, Specialist Nitec, Certificate in Office Skills, NTC Grade 2, National Certificate in Nursing, BCA Advanced Builder Certificate), or have Higher Nitec (including Certificate in Business Skills, Industrial Technician Certificate and other polytechnic certificates), or Master Nitec (including 2 These refer to both WSQ Statement of Attainment and/or certification issued by SkillsFuture Singapore’s appointed WPLN assessment partner.
156 Appendix Q NTC Grade 1).

This group also includes Workforce (WSQ) Certificate/Higher Skills Qualification Certificate/Advanced Certificate or equivalent, International Baccalaureate/NUS High School diploma or other post-secondary certificates/ qualifications (including SIM certificates).

This refers to persons who have Polytechnic diploma or Polytechnic post diploma (including polytechnic advanced/specialist/management/ graduate diploma, diploma (conversion)).
This refers to persons who have qualifications awarded by professional bodies (including ACCA, CFA), and other diploma qualifications (including ITE Diploma, NIE diploma, SIM diploma, LASALLE diploma, NAFA diploma, WSQ diploma, WSQ specialist diploma etc).

postgraduate This refers to persons who have bachelor’s degree or (including NIE diploma postgraduate diploma), or master’s degree, or doctorate.).

It also includes persons with WSQ graduate certificate and WSQ graduate diploma.
Polytechnic Diploma Professional Qualification and Other Diploma University Field of Study Field of study refers to the principal discipline, branch or subject matter of study that leads to the award of the qualification attained at polytechnics or university levels.

The classification of field of study is based on the Singapore Standard Educational Classification 2020.
ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS Labour Force Status Labour Force Refers to persons who are either employed or unemployed during the reference period.

157 Employed Unemployed Appendix Q (ii) Refers to persons who during the reference period: work for one hour or more either for pay or (i) profit; or have a job or business to return to but are temporarily absent because of illness, injury, breakdown of machinery at workplace, labour management dispute or other reasons.
Members of the Singapore Armed Forces including full-time National Servicemen are included, unless stated otherwise.

Refers to persons who are not working but are actively looking for a job and available for work during the reference period.

They include persons who are not working but are taking steps to start their own business or taking up a new job after the reference period.

Outside the Labour Force Refers to persons who are neither employed nor unemployed during the reference period.
Occupation This refers to the type of work performed by workers during the reference period, which may not necessarily be related to their training, skill or professional qualification.

In the case of workers who perform two or more kinds of work, their occupation would refer to the one in which they usually work the longest hours during the reference period.

The classification of occupations is based on the Singapore Standard Occupational Classification 2020.
Industry This refers to the major kind of economic activity or the nature of business of the firm, organisation, establishment or department in which the person is employed during the reference period.

If the person is self-employed, this item refers to the kind of economic activity or nature of business he/she is operating.

The classification of industries is based on the Singapore Standard Industrial Classification 2020.
158 Appendix Q Employment Status This refers to the status of employed persons in relation to their employment.

There are four types of employment status: Employers This refers to persons who hire one or more paid employees in their business or trade.

Own Account Workers This refers to persons who operate their own business without employing any paid employee in the conduct of their business or trade.

Employees This refers to persons who work for employers in return for regular wages or salaries.
Contributing Family Workers This refers to persons who assist in the operation of family business without receiving regular wages or salaries.

Usual Hours Worked This refers to the number of hours a person usually works on a typical week, regardless whether he/she is paid for it.

For those who are temporarily not working (e.g.

on leave), the most recent week of employment is used.
For a person who has just started work during the reference period, usual hours of work refers to the number of hours per week he/she is expected to work in that job.

For a multiple jobholder, it should be aggregated from the hours spent in all the jobs.

Monthly Income from Work This refers to income received by a employed person from employment and business.

It does not include other forms of income which are not derived from work.
For self-employed persons, gross monthly income refers to the average monthly profits from their business, trade or profession (total receipts less business expenses incurred) before deduction of income tax.

159 Appendix Q For employees, gross monthly income refers to the total gross monthly wages or salaries before deduction of employee CPF contributions and personal income tax.

It comprises basic wages, commissions, overtime pay, National Wages Council (NWC) supplements, tips and other allowances.
Payments in kind, reimbursement for transport and other expenses are excluded.

If they have just started work, the monthly income refers to the wages they will be receiving for a full-month’s work.

It includes one-twelfth of the annual bonus.

Workplace Location This refers to the address of the person’s workplace where he/she usually works most of the time.
For those who report to different places on different days, this refers to the address where this person reported most frequently to during the last week.

HOUSEHOLD AND HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS Resident Household A household refers to (i) a group of two or more persons living together in the same house and sharing common food or other essential arrangements for living; or (ii) a person living alone or a person living with others but having his own food or other essential arrangements for living.
Although persons may be living in the same house, they may not be members of the same household.

For example, a family renting out a room to a tenant – if the tenant does not share or have meals with the family, the tenant belongs to a separate household.

A resident household refers to a household where the household reference person is a resident (i.e.

Singapore citizen or permanent resident).


Household Reference Person The household reference person refers to the oldest member, the main income earner, the owner-occupier of the house, the person who manages the affairs of the household, or the person who supplied the information pertaining to other members.

Prior to Census of Population 2020, survey respondents were asked to identify the ‘head of household’.
The identified person is used as the reference person to determine relationships between household members.

In Census of Population 2020, the term ‘head of household’ has been replaced with ‘household reference person’.

160 Appendix Q Household Structure Household structure refers to the classification of a household according to the number of family nuclei and the number of generations in the household.
A family nucleus in a household can be formed by: (a) a married couple; or (b) one parent with never-married child(ren).

Each nucleus comprises one or more generations.

A household can have one family nucleus, multiple family nuclei or none.

Household with no family nucleus refers to a household formed by a person living alone or living with others but does not constitute any family nucleus.

This is further classified into one-person household or household with more than one person.
Household Living Arrangement Household living arrangement refers to the classification of a household according to the household composition, age and marital status of household reference person and age group of the youngest child of the household reference person.

Households are broadly classified into: Married Couple-Based Refers to households with a married household reference person and spouse.

This category is further split into those living with child(ren) and without children.
Other Households Includes lone parent households whose household With Family Nucleus is never-married/widowed/ reference person divorced/separated and living with child(ren) aged below 16 years or never-married children as well as other types of households with a family nucleus.

For example, a divorced household reference person living with elderly parents only, or a widowed household reference person living with the son and daughter-in-law.
Households Without Family Nucleus Refers to households without a family nucleus, including one-person households.

For example, a never-married household reference person living 161 Appendix Q with never-married siblings, a household reference person living with unrelated persons only, and an ever-married person who is living alone as the children have grown up and moved out from the parental home.
Household Size Household size refers to the total number of members in the household, including domestic workers.

Number of Employed Persons in Household The number of employed persons in the household includes members of the same household who are employed.

Domestic workers in the household are excluded.

Household Income from Work Household income from work refers to the sum of income received by employed members of the household from employment and business.
However, it does not include the income of domestic workers.

Household Income from Work Per Household Member Household income from work per household member refers to the household income from work divided by the total number of members (household size) in the household.

For example, if there is one person in a household of four is employed, his/her income is divided by four to derive the household income per household member.
Predominant Household Language Predominant household language refers to the language or dialect spoken by the majority of household members to other members (excluding domestic workers and unrelated persons), taking into account the reported language most frequently spoken and language second most frequently spoken at home for each household member.

Type of Dwelling A dwelling refers to a building or part of a building used or intended to be used by one or more persons as living quarters.
Each dwelling has its own separate entrance(s) with direct access to a public road or pathway.

A dwelling may be a residential building by 162 Appendix Q itself, or a unit in a residential building, or part of a non-residential building such as a shop or factory with space used as living quarters.

The dwellings covered are broadly classified into these three housing unit categories: Housing and Development Board (HDB) properties, condominiums and other apartments, and landed properties.
The Singapore Standard Classification of Type of Dwelling (Jan 2012) is used to classify the population and households by type of dwelling.

Tenancy Tenancy refers to the tenure status of the household with respect to the dwelling in which the household members live.

Tenancy is classified into the following three main categories: Owner-Occupied Rented Others Refers to a household where the household reference person and/or any other member(s) in the household owns the dwelling unit.
This includes those which are fully paid-up as well as those with outstanding housing loans.

Refers to a household where the household reference person and/or any other member(s) in the household rents whole or part of the dwelling unit.

Refer to a household where the household reference person and/or any other member(s) in the household occupies whole or part of the dwelling unit without charge (provided free by other persons (e.g., employers, relatives, friends, or any other persons)).
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION AND TRANSPORT CHARACTERISTICS Planning Areas of Residence / Workplace Planning areas refer to areas demarcated in the Urban Redevelopment Authority’s Master Plan 2019.

163 Appendix Q Planning Regions of Residence Planning regions refer to areas demarcated in the Urban Redevelopment Authority’s Master Plan 2019.
Floor Area of Residence Floor area of residence refers to the total floor area of the residential dwelling unit of which the resident is living in and may also include areas such as planter box and air- con ledge.

Mode of Transport to School / Work Mode of transport to school or work refers to how a student or a employed resident usually travels from home to school or work respectively in each journey.
Travelling Time to School / Work Travel time to school or work refers to the total number of minutes that it usually takes a student or an employed resident to travel from home to school or to work respectively.

The travel time includes time spent waiting for public transportation and walking to the bus-stop or MRT/LRT station.
DIFFICULTY IN PERFORMING BASIC ACTIVITIES Difficulty in performing basic activities refers to the difficulties a person may have as the result of physical or mental health problem(s) in performing one or more of the activities below.

It excludes those caused by a lack of resources.

Difficulty in performing basic activities adopts the guidelines from the Washington Group on disability statistics.

The person may or may not be medically diagnosed with a disability.
Difficulty in the following core functional domains refer to: Seeing Hearing Persons who have vision difficulties or problems seeing even when wearing glasses (if they wear glasses).

Persons who have some hearing limitation or problems of any kind with their hearing even when using a hearing aid (if they wear a hearing aid).
164 Mobility Remembering Self-Care Communicating Appendix Q Persons who have some limitation or problems of any kind walking or climbing steps without the assistance of any device (wheelchair, crutches, walker etc.)

or human.

Persons who have some problems with remembering or focusing attention that contribute to difficulty in doing their daily activities.

Persons who have some problems with taking care of themselves independently by washing all over and dressing.
Persons who have some problems with talking, listening or understanding speech such that it contributes to difficulty in making themselves understood to others or understanding others, using one’s usual (customary) language.

Living Arrangement of Residents Aged 65 Years and Over Residents aged 65 years and over are classified according to their co-residence with their spouse or children.

Additional dimension on the labour force status of the children is incorporated into the classification.
With At Least One Employed Child This refers to a resident aged 65 years and over living with his/her children in the same household, at least one of whom is employed.

With All Non-Employed Children This refers to an elderly person living with his/her children in the same household, all of whom are not employed.

Residents aged 65 years and over who are not living with their spouse or children are classified according to whether they are living alone or with other elderly persons.
Residents aged 65 years and over living alone refer to those in one-person households, with or without other occupants in the same dwelling unit.

165 Sample Design and Sampling Variability Appendix R Sample Design and Selection The sample for the Census of Population 2020 was selected from a sampling frame comprising all residential dwelling units in Singapore.
As the sample survey of the Census 2020 covered only households in residential dwellings, institutions such as military camps, hostels and hotels were excluded from the frame.

The sample was selected based on a stratified design.

Dwelling units in the sampling frame were divided into different groups.

The groups are defined based on the planning areas demarcated by the Urban Redevelopment Authority and broad dwelling type groups.
A random sample was then selected from the different groups by systematic sampling with a random start.

The samples selected from each group were combined to form the required sample of about 150,000 dwelling units.

Sampling Variability As the survey estimates are based on information obtained from a fraction of the population instead of the whole population, the precision of estimates derived from the sample survey are affected by sampling errors.
Sampling errors refer to the difference between the estimate based on a sample and its ‘true’ population value that would result if the whole population has been surveyed.

The extent of sampling error of an estimate under a particular sample design is assessed by the variability of the estimate across all possible samples under the design.

One common measure of this variability is given by the Standard Error (SE), which is the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the estimate.
Another measure is the Relative Standard Error (RSE), which is obtained by expressing the SE as a percentage to the estimate.

The smaller the RSE, the more precise is the estimate.

166 Appendix R Generalised Sampling Errors Tables From Table A1, the DEFT3 for most of the selected attributes (TY) is about 1.
It is impractical to compute and display the sampling error for each and every of the possible estimates such as the total number of elements in the population with a given attribute Y from the Census 2020.

Thus, generalized sampling errors tables are provided instead as a guide to data users for estimating the errors of any estimates.
Since most of the attributes in Table A1 have DEFT about 1, data users should generally use Table A2 (DEFT value of 1) to determine sampling errors for the attribute of interest.

For attributes of individuals with larger DEFT, such as language most frequently spoken at home, data users can refer to Table A3 (DEFT value of 2).

The smaller the estimate, the larger is the RSE.


This implies that sample estimates of a rare characteristic would have high RSEs and users would have to be careful in drawing inferences based on the sample estimates.
Table A1 Sampling Errors and DEFT of TY for Selected Attributes, Census 2020 Residents Aged 15 Years & Over Single Married Widowed Divorced/Separated Ever-Married Resident Females Aged 15 Years & Over With No Children Born With 1 Child Born With 2 Children Born With 3 Children Born With 4 or More Children Born Residents Aged 15 Years & Over* With Below Secondary Qualifications With Secondary Qualifications With Post-Secondary (Non-Tertiary) Qualifications With Diploma and Professional Qualifications With University Qualifications Sample Estimate Standard Error Relative Standard Error 95% Confidence Interval ('000) DEFT ('000) (TY) (TY) Lower Upper (TY) * Data pertain to residents who were not attending educational institutions as full-time students and include those who were upgrading their qualifications through part-time courses.
3 The DEFT is the ratio of the standard error of the estimate, under the sample design used, to that of a simple random sample.

This ratio measures the effect of the complexity of the sample design on the standard error.
167 Table A1 Sampling Errors and DEFT of TY for Selected Attributes, Census 2020 (cont’d) Appendix R Sample Estimate Standard Error ('000) (TY) Relative Standard Error (TY) 95% Confidence Interval ('000) DEFT Lower Upper (TY) Residents Aged 15 Years & Over Literate in English Literate in Two or More Languages Residents Aged 5 Years & Over Spoke English Most Frequently at Home Spoke Mandarin Most Frequently at Home Spoke Malay Most Frequently at Home Spoke Tamil Most Frequently at Home Residents Aged 15 Years & Over Buddhism Taoism^ Christianity Islam Hinduism Other Religions No Religion Resident Households With 1 Person With 2 Persons With 3 Persons With 4 Persons With 5 Persons With 6 or more Persons Employed Residents
 Aged 15 Years & Over Travelled to Work by Public Bus Only Travelled to Work by MRT/LRT Only Travelled to Work by MRT/LRT and Public Bus Only Travelled to Work by Car Only Residents Aged 5 Years & Over Unable to Perform/ with A Lot of Difficulty in At Least One Basic Activity ^ 'Taoism' includes Chinese Traditional Beliefs.
168 Appendix R Table A2 Sampling Errors for Square Root of Design Effect (DEFT) Equals 1 Size of Estimates Proportion of Total Population (%) Standard Error Relative Standard Error (%) 95% Confidence Interval Lower Upper PERSONS HOUSEHOLDS Appendix R Table A3 Sampling Errors for
646 169 Appendix R Table A3 Sampling Errors for Square Root of Design Effect (DEFT) Equals 2 Size of Estimates Proportion of Total Population (%) Standard Error Relative Standard Error (%) 95% Confidence Interval Lower Upper PERSONS 1.03
HOUSEHOLDS Appendix R Simple Guide on Using Relative Standard Error and Confidence Interval To compute the 95% confidence interval of an estimate of persons with size 1,100,000 as below.
Step 1: From Table A2, the RSE of this estimate is close to 0.3% Step 2: To compute 95% confidence interval of the estimate Lower Confidence Interval = 1,100,000 – 1.96 x 0.3% x 1,100,000 = 1,093,532 Upper Confidence Interval = 1,100,000 + 1.96 x 0.3% x 1,100,000 = 1,106,468 95% Confidence Interval = (1,093,532 , 1,106,468) There is a 95% chance that the ‘true’ population value is between 1,093,532 and 1,106,468.
171 Appendix R Non-Sampling Errors Apart from sampling errors, sample survey results are also subjected to non- sampling errors.

Such errors could arise during data collection phase, e.g.

varying interpretation of questions by respondents or interviewers, and the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct or accurate information.

They could also arise during data processing e.g.


wrong codes entered or selected due to mis interpretation of descriptive text captured during data collection.
In the Census 2020, the following measures were taken to minimise the non- sampling errors: a) Careful design and phrasing of the questionnaire across all modes of submission including online, CATI and fieldwork; b) Careful planning of operational procedures in data collection, processing and tabulation; c) Ensuring that concepts and terms are clearly defined and that all staff involved in the Census are adequately trained; d) Close supervision of the CATI call centre and field interviewers; e) Verifying the returns with respondents, whenever necessary; and f) Stringent control and high standards set for data editing, coding and verification to ensure good data quality and high data consistency.
172 CENSUS 2020 CALL CENTRE AND DP CENTRE Appendix S Census 2020 Call Centre CATI Interviewer 173 Appendix S Census 2020 DP Centre DP Operators 174