Source document: https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697626659595.pdf (Antigua and Barbuda)
LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.

353 1 f !

- CHAPTER 353 T H E PUBLIC HEALTH ACT Arrangement of Sections Section PRELIMINARY 1.

Short title.

2.

Interpretation.

3.

Definition of the City of Saint John's and-city limits.

PART I 4.

Central Board of Health.

5.

Board to be a body corporate and to have a common seal.

6.

Funds.

7.

Membership of Board not a public office.

8.

Chairman of the Board, composition and office.

9.

Rules of procedure.

10.


Secretary and officers of the Board.

11.

Duties of the Board.

12.

Declaration of Sanitary District.

13.

Training and certification of public health inspectors.

14.

Committees of the Board.

15.

Enquiries as to public health matters.

PART 11 16.

Board to provide for scavenging and cleansing.

17.

Throwing of offensive matter in public places.

18.

Power to make regulations.

PART I11 19.

Duty of Board to inspect for detection of nuisances.

2 CAP.
2 CAP.

353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Section What nuisance may be abated summarily.

Information of nuisances to the Board.

Notice requiring abatement of nuisance.

O n non-compliance with notice, order to be made.

Appeal against nuisance order.

When order may be addressed to Board.

Sale of matter or thing removed under abatement order.

Power of entry.

Recovery of costs and expenses.

Penalty for injuring privy, drain or dustbin so as to cause nuisance.
Power of individual to complain to a Magistrate of nuisance.

PART IV 31.

Regulations controlling keeping of animals.

PART V City houses to be provided with proper privy accom- modation and drains.

When privy accommodation proper.

Board may enforce provisions of privy accommodation.

Provision for filling up cesspits and wells.

Penalty for depositing excreta, etc.

except in privy.

Regulations with respect to privies, etc.

Provision of water closets, etc., baths, wash houses and bathing places.
Regulations for control of baths, etc.

Baths, etc., to be public places for certain purposes.

PART VI 41.

Power to order demolition of insanitary house.

42.

Power to make a closing order as to part of a building.

43.

Board may require cleansing of houses.

LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.

353 3 Section 44.

In case of poverty of the owner of premises, work may be done at public expense.

45.

Penalty for using premises in contravention of closing order or of an undertaking.

46.
46.

Appeal.

47.

Power of the Board to make allowances to certain persons displaced.

PART VII FOOD AND DRUGS 48.

Application.

49.

Interpretation.

50.

Restrictions on the addition of other substances to any food or drug.

51.

Restrictions on the abstraction from any food of any constituent thereof.

52.

Prohibition against sale of any food or drugs not of the nature, substance or quality demanded.

53.

Defences available in proceedings under section 52.

54.

Provisions as to labels.

55.


Labels and advertisements describing incorrectly food or drug.

56.

Presumptive evidence as to injurious nature of food.

57.

Power of Board to make regulations as to the importa- tion, preparation, storage, sale, delivery, etc.

of food.

58.

Penalty for sale etc.

of unsound food.

59.

Examination of food and seizure of unsound food.

60.

Provisions as to food offered as prizes, etc.

61.

Power to examine food in course of transit.

62.


Provisions as to rooms where food intended for sale is prepared or stored, etc.

63.

Registration of premises used in connection with the manufacture or sale, of ice-cream or preserved food, etc.

64.

Notification of cases of food poisoning.

65.

Provision as to suspected food.

66.

Restrictions on the importation of certain foods.

67.

Powers of sampling.

68.

Rights to have samples analysed.

69.

Division of, and dealings with, samples.

4 CAP.


353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Section 70.

Persons suffering from certain diseases not to sell food or drink.

71.

Penalty for obstructing execution of Act.

72.

Limitation of prosecution.

73.

Evidence of certificates of analysis, and presumptions.

74.

Power of court to require analysis by Government chemist.

7 5.

Defence available to defendant where some other person is responsible for the commission of the offence charged.

76.
76.

Conditions under which a warranty may be pleaded as defence.

77.

Offences in relation to warranties and certificates of analysis.

PART VIII 78.

Interpretation.

79.

Application to use place as bakery.

80.

Painting and washing premises.

81.

Conditions governing occupation of bakery.

82.

Regulations.

83.

Penalty for using insanitary premises.

84.

Premises not to be used as sleeping place.

85.

Person suffering from certain diseases not to be employed.

86.

Powers of entry and inspection.


PART IX 87.

Regulations.

88.

Certain additions not to be made to milk, and certain liquids not to be sold as milk.

89.

Appointment of milk analyst and provision of instruments.

90.

Analyst's certificate when milk found to be impure.

91.

Analyst's fee.

92.

Proof of conditions of milk at time of sale.

93.

Analyst's certificate prima facie evidence but analyst may be called as witness.

LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.

353 5 Section 94.
353 5 Section 94.

Power of entry.

95.

Prevention of use of milk from diseased cows.

96.

Regulations as to presumptive evidence of adulteration of milk.

97.

Provisions as to ice-cream likely to cause milk-borne disease.

PART X 98.

Regulations.

99.

Regulations with respect to the handling, wrappinyetc.

of food and the sale of food in the open air.

PART XI INFECTIOUS DISEASES 100.

Declaration of infectious disease.

10 1 .

Provision of isolation hospitals and camps.

102.


Board to deal with dangerous infectious diseases.

103.

Board to order execution of works in certain cases.

104.

Notification of infectious diseases.

105.

Form of certificates.

106.

Powers of entry.

107.

Removal to isolation hospital.

108.

Infected person not to carry on occupation.

109.

Infected clothes not to be sent to laundry, etc.

110.

Filthy and dangerous articles to be purified.

11 1.
11 1.

Child suffering from dangerous infectious disease not to attend school.

1 12.

Provision as to library books.

113.

Prohibiting conveyance of persons with dangerous infectious disease in public vehicles.

114.

Penalty on failing to provide for the disinfection of public vehicles.

1 15.

Driver or owner of vehicle conveying dangerous infected persons to give notice.

116.

Disinfection of public vehicles if used for carrying corpse.

11 7.
11 7.

Disinfection of premises to check or prevent spread of disease.

LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA CAP.

353) Public Health Section 118.

Penalty for letting dangerous infected houses.

119.

Power of Magistrate to order removal of dead body.

120.

Bodies of persons dying of dangerous infectious disease in hospital, etc.

to be removed only for burial.

121.

Wake not to be held over body of person dying of dangerous infectious disease.

122.

Provision of nursing attendance.

123.


General powers to enter and carry out work.

124.

Trades which persons suffering from a dangerous infectious disease shall not carry on.

125.

Publication and effect of regulations.

126.

Special powers of Cabinet.

PART XI1 MOSQUITOES AND HOUSE SPRAYING WITH INSECTICIDE 127.

Regulations for prevention of mosquitoes.

PART XI11 SCHOOL HYGIENE 128.

Sanitary control.

129.


List of scholars to be furnished where pupil in school is suffering from an infectious disease.

130.

Regulations.

131.

Penalty.

PART XIV RESTRICTION O N TREATMENT OF VENEREAL DISEASE AND UNDESIRABLE ADVERTISEMENTS 132.

Prevention of the treatment of venereal disease other- wise than by duly qualified persons.

133.

Prohibition of advertisements relating to venereal disease.

134.

Prohibition of advertisements relating to certain other diseases.

135.
135.

Prohibition of advertisements relating to abortion.

136.

Penalties.

LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.

353 Section PART XV OFFENSIVE TRADES 137.

Consent of Board.

138.

Regulations governing offensive trades.

PART XVI 139.

Licensing of slaughterhouses.

140.

Regulations.

141.

Default of owners in complying with r e g u l m n s .

142.

Default in payment of expenses.

PART XVII BARBERS' AND SIMILAR SHOPS 143.

Regulations.

PART XVIII FACTORIES AND WORKSHOPS 144.

Regulations.
Regulations.

PART XIX 145.

Return by owner of barrack.

146.

Register of common lodging houses and barracks.

147.

Evidence.

148.

Lodging house or barrack not to be occupied unless registered.

149.

Premises to be inspected before registration.

150.

Penalty for using unregistered premises.

15 1.

Burden of proof as to persons being of same family.

152.

Regulations.

153.

Default in complying with regulations or Act.

154.

Cancelling registration.

155.


Conditions on which barrack may be established.

156.

Existing barracks.

8 CAP.

353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Section PART XX DISPOSAL OF THE DEAD, CEMETERIES AND GRAVEYARDS 157.

Portion of cemetery may be assigned to a denomination.

158.

Funeral services at burials in public cemeteries.

159.

Regulations as to cemeteries.

160.

Regulations as to interment or embalming of human corpses.

16 1.

Disinterment of bodies.

162.


Disinterment to be supervised by the applicant.

163.

Penalty for breach of conditions by applicant.

164.

Penalty for breach of agreement by persons employed by applicant.

165.

Penalty for disinterment without permission.

166.

Cremation.

167.

Closure of cemeteries.

168.

Subsequent burials therein unlawful.

169.

Disused cemeteries.

170.

"Body" includes remains.

PART XXI 17 1 .

Delegation of powers.

172.

General power of entry.

173.

Obstruction.

174.


Bribery.

175.

Obstruction of owner by occupier.

PART XXII 176.

Confirmation of regulations.

177.

Penalties for breaches of regulations.

178.

Recovery of costs and expenses and interest.

179.

Recovery of penalties and procedure.

180.

Authentication of notices, etc.

181.

Service of notices, etc.

182.

Nuisance caused by, or existing on, premises of two or more owners.

183.

Proceedings not to abate by reason of death.

184.


Owner of premises need not be otherwise designated.

LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.

353 9 Section 185.

Appeals.

186.

Forms.

187.

Saving.

188.

Repeal.

Saving of subsidiary legislation.

FIRST SCHEDULE SECOND SCHEDULE THIRD SCHEDULE FOURTH SCHEDULE FIFTH SCHEDULE SIXTH SCHEDULE PUBLIC HEALTH -.

1.

This Act may be cited as the Public Health Act.

Short title.

2.

In this Act- Interpretation.
"animal7' means cattle, buffalo, horses, mules, asses, sheep, swine, goats, dogs, cats and all animals of whatsoever kind whether similar to the foregoing or not and includes bird; "barrack7' or "barracks" includes any temporary building or collection of temporary buildings divided into rooms occupied singly or in sets by persons, and to which there are a common yard and common conveniences; "Board" means the Central Board of Health constituted under this Act; "building" includes a chattel house and any structure of whatsoever material constructed, but does not include a temporary structure of poles, mud, grass or leaves; LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA CAP.
353) Public Health "carrier" when used with reference to infectious disease, means a person having in his nose or throat or in his excretions or discharges the germ of any infectious disease, though he may exhibit no other sign or symptom of that disease; "cesspit" means any receptacle for nightsoil or 'for offensive matter below or above the ground; "common lodging house" means that class of lodging house, not being a hotel, inn, or public house in which persons are received for short periods, and though strangers to one another are allowed to inhabit one common room, and includes, in any case in which a part of a house is used as a com- mon lodging house, that part of the house; "contact" when used with reference to infectious disease means a person who has been exposed to the risk of infection from an infectious disease, within a period which does not exceed the prescribed period of incubation of that disease; 6 < conveniences" include water supply, privies, surface and other drains; "dairy" includes any farm, farmhouse, cowshed, milkstore, milk shop, or other place from which milk is supplied or in which milk is kept for the purpose of sale; 6 6 dairyman" includes any cowkeeper, goatkeeper, purveyor or seller or hawker of milk, or person in charge of a dairy; "district" means a Sanitary District appointed and declared under paragraph (a) of section 12; "dwelling house" means any building used or con- structed or adapted to be used wholly for human habitation; < < earth closet" means a closet having a movable recep- tacle for the reception of fzcal matter and its LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.
353 1 1 deodorization by the use of earth, ashes, or chemicals, or by other methods; "habitable room" means a room constructed or adapted to be inhabited; "infectious disease" means anthrax, chicken pox, cholera, dengue, diphtheria, dysentery, food poisoning, infectious encephalitis, influenza, leprosy, malaria, measles, meningococcal menin- gitis, ophthalmia neonatorum, paratyphoid fever, plague, pneumonia, poliomyelitis, puerpal fever, rabies, relapsing fever, schistosomiasis, small pox, early active syphilis, venereal diseases other-than syphilis, tetanus, tuberculosis (all forms), typhoid fever, typhus, undulent fever, Weil's disease, whooping cough, yaws, yellow fever, and any other disease which the Governor-General by proclama- tion under section 100, declares to be an infectious disease within the meaning of this Act; "dangerous infectious disease" means cholera, plague, rabies, small pox, typhus fever, yellow fever, and any other infectious disease which the Governor- General, by proclamation under section 100 declares to be a dangerous infectious disease within the meaning of this Act; "inhabited" applied to a room means a room in which some person passes the night, or which is used as a living room including a room with regard to which (until the contrary is proved) there is a presump- tion that some person passes the night therein or that it is used as a living room; "injurious" includes dangerous; "Medical Officer of Health" means the officer for the time being performing the duties of Chief Medical Officer or such other medical officer as the Governor-General may appoint by notice in the Gazette to be Medical Officer of Health; 12 CAP.
353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA "medical officer of health of a district" means such person as may be appointed under subsection (2) of section 12 to be a medical officer of health of a district; "new building" means- (a) an entirely new erection; (6) any building re-erected after being pulled down wholly or in part to the level of the ground floor; (c) any building converted into, but not originally constructed as, a dwelling house; (4 any building originally constructed for one dwelling house, converted into more than one dwelling; ( e ) any building originally serving as a dwelling house but converted to some other purpose; "nuisance" means anything which is capable of being abated either by the person or persons concerned or by the Board; 6 c occupier" means in the case of a building or part of a building, a person in occupation of or having the charge, management or control of the building or part of the building, and in the case of a house the whole of which is let out in separate tenements, or in the case of a lodging house the whole of which is let to lodgers, includes the person receiving the rent payable by the tenants or lodgers, either on his own account or as the agent of another person in charge thereof; ' 'offensive" includes noxious; "offensive trade" means any trade specified in the Fifth Schedule or which may from time to time be added by resolution of the Board published in the Gazette; LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.
353 13 ' 6 owner" includes every person in possession of or in receipt of either the whole or any part of the rents or profits of any land or tenement, whether in his own right or as trustee or personal representative, committee, husband or guardian of any other person, or in the occupation of such land or tene- ment, other than as a tenant from year to year, or for any less term, or as a tenant at will; " premises" includes messuages, buildings, lands, easements, and hereditaments of any tenure, whether open or enclosed, whether built on or not, whether public or private, and whether maintained or not under statutory authority, and any-ip, vessel, boat, hulk, barge, tent, van, shed or similar structure; < 6 privy" includes earth closet, water closet, urinal and every place for the reception of faecal matter; "public building" means a building used or constructed or adapted to be used, either ordinarily or occa- sionally as a church or chapel or other place of public worship, or as a hospital, workhouse, college, school (not being merely a dwelling house so used), theatre, public lecture room, public exhibition room, public hall, public concert room, public ball room, or as a public place of assembly for persons admitted thereto by tickets or otherwise or used or constructed or adapted to be used either ordinarily or occasionally for any public purpose; "public health inspector" means officer of the Health Department who has been appointed to carry out the duties of a public health inspector; 6 6 sanitary convenience" includes urinals, water closets, earth closets, privies, ashpits and any similar convenience; "sanitary engineer" includes engineering assistant and any officer for the time being performing sanitary engineering duties for the Government; 14 CAP.
353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA < ' scavenger7' means any person lawfully engaged in scavenging and cleansing of any particular district; "shop" means any premises where any retail or - wholesale trade or business is carried on and includes any warehouse occupied for the purposes of his trade by any person carrying on any retail trade or business or by any wholesale dealer or merchant; "street" includes any highway and any public bridge, road, lane, footway, square, court, alley or passage, whether a thoroughfare or not; < ' tenement house" includes any building or collection of buildings divided into rooms occupied singly or in sets by persons, and to which there are a com- mon yard and common conveniences; " venereal disease" means syphilis, soft chancre, gonor- rhoea, lymphopathia venereum or granuloma inpinale; "water closet" means a closet which has a separate fixed receptacle connected with a drainage system and separate provision for flushing from a supply of clean water by the operation of mechanism or by automatic action.
Definition of the City of Saint John's and city limits.

First Schedule.

3.

For the purposes of this Act the limits of the City of Saint John's shall be deemed and taken to be as set out in the First Schedule and the expression "City of Saint John's" includes all the lands and buildings within the said limits.

PART I Central Board of Health.

4.


For the purpose of this Act, there is hereby con- stituted an authority to be called the Central Board of Health, consisting of nine members, to be appointed by the Governor- General and to hold office during pleasure for a period not exceeding two years.

The Governor-General may remove any such member and appoint any person in place of a member so removed, or in the place of any member dying, LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.
353 15 or resigning, or becoming incapable of acting, or being absent from Antigua and Barbuda or failing without leave to attend the meetings of the Board for three consecutive months.

5 .

(1) The Central Board of Health shall be a body Board to be a corporate with the name of the Central Board of Health, ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , " ' and may sue and be sued under that name, and shall have common seal.

perpetual succession and a common seal.


f " ~ (2) All courts of law, Judges, Magistrates, Justices, and persons acting judicially shall take judicial notice of the common seal of the Board when affixed to any document, and shall presume that it was duly affixed.

6.

Parliament may place at the disposal of the Board Funds.

such funds as may be necessary for carrying out their duties under this Act.

7.
7.

It is hereby declared that membership of the Board, r:mp';z:i,p of whether with or without remuneration or other allowance, public office.

does not constitute the holding of a public office.

8.

(1) The Chief Medical Officer shall be ex-officio of the chairman of the Board.

composition and office.

(2) The chairman shall preside at all meetings of the Board at which he is present.

In his absence such member as may be elected by the majority of the members present shall preside.
(3) At any meeting of the Board five members shall form a quorum and the chairman shall have a second or casting vote.

(4) The Board shall have an office in St. John's.


(5) The Cabinet may authorize the payment out of such funds as may be placed at the disposal of the Board under section 6 of such sum or sums by way of remuneration or other allowance to the chairman and other members of the Board as they think fit: Provided that the Chief Medical Officer being ex-officio chairman of the Board and any other public officer who is 16 CAP.
353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA a member of the Board shall not be entitled to receive any such remuneration or allowance.

Rules of procedure.

9.

The Board may make rules as to its own pro- ceedings under this Act and as to the performance by its officers of their duties and as to the carrying out of the powers vested in the Board by this Act.

Secretary and officers of the Board.

10.


The Governor-General may, upon the recom- mendation of the Board, appoint a Secretary to the Board and such officers and servants as may be necessary.

Duties of the Board.

1 .

It shall be the duty of the Board- ( a ) to advise the Governor-General when so required on all subjects connected with the health of Antigua and Barbuda.
( b ) generally to take all steps as may be desirable to secure the preparation, effectual carrying out and coordination of measures conducive to public health; (6) from time to time to report to the Governor- General on the existence of any cause which in their opinion may be likely to endanger the health of the in- habitants of Antigua and Barbuda, and to make such re~ommendation~as they may deem advisable as to the prevention of diseases and the preservation of public health; (d) to arrange for the publication of information on questions relating to health and disease and for the delivery of lectures and the display of posters and films.
12.

(1) The Cabinet may from time to time by order Declaration of Sanitary District.

appoint and declare any part or portion of Antigua and Barbuda to be a Sanitary District for the purpose of this Act and in such order shall state the name or number by which such Sanitary District shall thereafter be known or described.

(2) The Governor-General may appoint any Govern- ment medical practitioner to be the medical officer of health of a district.

LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.


353 17 (3) In this section "Government medical practitioner" means a medical practitioner holding an appointment in the government service.

13.

(1) The Board may make regulations with respect Training and certification of to the instruction and examination of persons desiring to public health qualify as public health inspectors and the issue of certificates inspectors- to successful candidates at such examination.
(2) Public health inspectors qualified and certificated as provided in subsection (1) may be appointed by the Governor-General on such terms and conditions as the Governor-General may think fit and for the performance of such duties as may be prescribed by the Board.-- 14.
(1) The Board may appoint out of their own body z,"B",'iI;s such and so many committees either of a general or special nature, and consisting of such number of persons as they may think fit, for any of the purposes within their powers under this Act which in the opinion of the Board would be better regulated and managed by means of such committees.

- of (2) The Board may make regulations with respect to the number, chairmanship, quorum, and powers of any such committees.
(3) Every committee of the Board shall, unless expressly authorized by its terms of reference, report its proceedings to the Board.
(4) The Board may delegate to any such committee any of the powers or duties vested in or imposed on the Board by this Act, and may, if the Board think fit, direct that the acts and proceedings of such committee shall not be required to be submitted to the Board for approval; and in any such case the acts and proceedings done and taken by the com- mittee shall be done and taken in the name of the Board and shall be as valid and binding as if such acts and pro- ceedings had been done and taken by the Board.
15.

The Board may cause to be made such enquiries Fz;;;htO as they think fit in relation to any matter with respect to ,,tters.

which their sanction, approval or consent is required by this 18 CAP.

353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Act, and for that purpose any persons authorized in writing by the Board may at any reasonable time enter any premises.

PART I1 SCAVENGING AND CLEANSING Board to provide for scavenging and cleansing.

16.
(1) The Board shall direct or undertake the efficient execution of the following services, namely- (a) the removal of the house refuse and other rubbish from any premises; (6) the cleansing and disinfection of buildings or parts thereof, the cleansing and disinfection of privies, dustbins and drains, and the collection, removal and disposal of nightsoil, upon such charges as the Board may from time to time fix; ( c ) the sweeping, cleansing and watering of streets; (6) the provision and maintenance in a sanitary condition, of suitable places, buildings and appliances for the deposit and destruction of refuse, rubbish and nightsoil.
( 2 ) Every person who hinders or obstructs any person lawfully engaged in the scavenging or cleansing of any particular district shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding two hundred and fifty dollars.

17.

(1) No offensive matter, whether animal or Throwing of offensive matter in public places.

vegetable, shall be thrown or placed or allowed to flow or fall on any street, foreshore or other public place or in any drain or watercourse.
( 2 ) No dead animal, offal, garbage or putrid flesh or fish shall be thrown into any privy or cesspit.

(3) "Offensive matter" in this section includes dead animals, offal, swill, brine, drainings from salt fish or salted meat and garbage.

LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.

353 19 (4) Any person contravening the provisions of this section shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding fifty dollars.

18.
18.

The Board shall have power to make regulations Power to make regulations.
with respect to the following matters- (a) preventing the accumulation of dirt, dust, filth, ashes and refuse on premises and the duties of owners or occupiers with regard thereto; (b) for prescribing the size, make and material of dustbins or removable receptacles for refuse to be pro- vided by the owners or occupiers of premises, and the places where, and the times at which, such dustbins and receptacles shall be deposited for facilitating the reToval of their contents by the Board; (c) the duties of the Board and of owners or occupiers in connection with house refuse so as to facilitate the removal of such house refuse by the scavengers; (d) regulating the situation, construction, drainage and use of stables and the disposal of manure; ( e ) for prescribing the times for the removal or carriage through the streets of any faecal or offensive matter or liquid; Cf) for providing that the vessel, receptacle, cart or carriage used therefor shall be properly constructed and covered so as to prevent the escape of any such matter or liquid; (g) for compelling the cleansing of any place whereon such matter or liquid shall have been dropped or spilt in such removal or carriage; ( h ) for prescribing that no person shall engage in the business of carrying or removing faecal or offensive matter or liquid except with a permit from the Board; (9 for prescribing that the owner or occupier of any premises from which faecal or offensive matter or liquid is at any time carried or removed by a person who has not a permit from the Board shall be guilty of an offence.
2 0 CAP.

353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA P A R T I11 Duty of Board to inspect for detection of nuisances.

19.
19.

It shall be the duty of the Board to cause to be made from time to time inspection of the districts with a view to ascertain what nuisances exist calling for abatement under the powers of this Part, and to enforce the provisions of this Part for the purpose of abating the same, and other- wise to put in force the powers vested in them relating to public health, so as to secure the proper sanitary condition of all premises within the districts.

What nuisance may be abated summarily.

20.
For the purposes of this Act- ( a ) any premises or part thereof, of such construc- tion or of such decayed, ruinous, filthy or unwholesome state or condition as to be injurious or likely to be injurious to safety or health; ( b ) any street, ditch, sink, cistern, pool, borrowpit, watercourse, drain, gutter, privy, dustbin or manure pit so foul or in such a state or so situated as to be a nuisance or injurious to health; ( c ) any stable, cowshed, pigsty or other building in which any animal or animals are kept in such a manner o r in such numbers as to be a nuisance or injurious to health; (d) any animal so kept as to be a nuisance or injurious to health; (e) any accumulation or deposit of any material wherever situated which is a nuisance or injurious to health o r likely to become so, which harbours or acts as a shelter or serves as a breeding place for insects or vermin that are reputed o r known to convey infectious disease, o r which contains or harbours or shelters such insects in any stage of their development o r vermin o r which is likely to do so; Cf) any work, manufacture, trade or business injurious to the health of the neighbourhood or so con- ducted as to be a nuisance or injurious to health; Cg) any grounds, yard or enclosure forming part of or attached to premises which are not kept clean and LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.
353 2 1 clear of filthy or decaying or offensive animal or vegetable matter; (h) any house or part of a house or other structure used for human habitation so overcrowded as to be injurious to the health of the inmates, whether or not members of the same family, or where the number of persons per unit of cubic capacity of floor space exceeds the number permissible by law or regulation; (i) any school-house, workroom, shop, office, factory, workshop or other place of business- (i) so unclean as to be a nuisance or injurious to health, or - (ii) not so ventilated as to render harmless, as far as practicable all gases, vapours, dust or other impurities generated in the course of the work carried on therein that are a nuisance or injurious to health, or (iii) so overcrowded as to be injurious to the health of the persons therein employed, or (iv) not provided with accommodation; sufficient privy @ any offensive trade or business so carried on as to be injurious to health or unnecessarily offensive to the public; (k) the drainage, refuse or washing of any town, village or building falling into any harbour, river, water- course, ravine, pond, ditch or on any foreshore so as to be a nuisance or injurious to health; (0 any churchyard, cemetery or place of sepulture so situated or so crowded or otherwise so conducted as to be a nuisance or injurious to health; (m) any well or water supply, whether public or private, used for domestic purposes, or the use whereof for domestic purposes, would be injurious to health; (n) any chimney emitting black smoke in such quantity as to be a nuisance; ( 0 ) any premises on which mosquito or fly breeding is found; 2 2 CAP.
353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA (p) any act not warranted by law or any omission to discharge a legal duty, which act or omission affects or is liable to affect adversely the public health or safety, shall be deemed to be a nuisance liable to be dealt with sum- marily in manner prescribed by this Act: i Provided that- ( a ) any accumulation or deposit necessary for the effectual carrying on of any business or manufacture shall not be punishable as a nuisance under this sec- tion, if it is proved to the satisfaction of the court that the accumulation or deposit has not been kept longer than is necessary for the purposes of the business or manufacture, and that the best available means have been taken for preventing injury to health thereby; and ( b ) in considering whether any dwelling house or part of a dwelling house which is also used as a factory, workshop or workplace or whether any factory, work- shop or workplace used also as a dwelling house, is a nuisance by reason of overcrowding, the court shall have regard to the circumstances of such other user.
Information of nuisances to the Board.

2 1.

Information of a nuisance liable to be dealt with summarily under this Part may be given to the Board by any person, and it shall be the duty of every officer of the Board to give such information.

Notice requiring abatement of nuisance.

22.
(1) O n the receipt of any information respecting the existence of a nuisance liable to be dealt with summarily under this Part, the Board shall, if satisfied of the existence of a nuisance, serve a notice on the person by whose act, default or sufferance the nuisance arises or continues, or, if such person cannot be found, on the occupier or owner of the premises on which the nuisance arises, requiring him to abate the nuisance within the time specified in the notice, and to execute such work and to do such things as may be necessary for that purpose, and, if the Board think it desirable (but not otherwise), specifying any works to be executed.
(2) The Board may also, by the same or another notice served on such occupier, owner or person, require him to do what is necessary for preventing the recurrence of the nuisance, and, if they think it desirable, specify any works a B i f 1 LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.
353 2 3 to be executed for that purpose, and may serve the notice notwithstanding that the nuisance may for the time being have been abated, if the Board consider that it is likely to recur on the same premises: Provided that- ( a ) where the nuisance arises from any want or defect of a structural character, or where the premises are unoccupied, or consist of a tenement or barrack yard, the notice shall be served on the owner; ( 6 ) where the person causing the nuisance cannot be found, and it is clear that the nuisance does not arise or continue from the act, default or sufferance &the occupier or owner of such premises, the Board may themselves abate the same and may do what is necessary to prevent the recurrence thereof; (c) where a medical officer of health of a district certifies to the Board that any house or part of a house in his district is so overcrowded as to be injurious to the health of its inmates, whether or not members of the same family, the Board shall take proceedings under this section for the abatement of such nuisance.
(3) Where a notice has been served on a person under this section and either- ( a ) the nuisance arose from the wilful act or default of the said person; or ( b ) such person makes default in complying with any of the requisitions of the notice within the time specified, he shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary con- viction to a fine not exceeding two hundred and fifty dollars for each offence, whether any such nuisance order as is in this Part mentioned is or is not made upon him: Provided that in the event of immediate action becom- ing, in the opinion of the chairman of the Board, necessary to deal with a nuisance the abatement of which is certified by a medical officer of health of a district to be urgent, the chairman of the Board may take all such steps and do all such things as the Board is empowered to do for the purpose of abating a nuisance under this Part.
2 4 CAP.

353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA On non- compliance with notice, order to be made.

23.
23.

(1) If either- (a) the person on whom a notice to abate a nuisance is served as aforesaid makes default in complying with .any of the requisitions thereof within the time specified; or (b) the nuisance although abated since the service of the notice, is, in the opinion of the Board, likely to recur on the same premises, the Board shall make a complaint before a Magistrate, and such Magistrate may make on such person a summary order (in this Part referred to as a nuisance order).
(2) A nuisance order may be an abatement order, a prohibition order or a closing order or a combination of such orders.

(3) An abatement order may require a person to comply with all or any of the requisitions of the notice, or otherwise to abate the nuisance within the time specified in the order.

(4) A prohibition order may prohibit the recurrence of a nuisance.
(5) An abatement order or a prohibition order, shall, if the person on whom the order is made so requires, or the Magistrate considers it to be desirable, specify the works to be executed by such person for the purpose of abating or preventing the recurrence of the nuisance.

(6) A closing order may prohibit a dwelling house from being used for human habitation.
(7) A closing order under this Part shall only be made where it is proved to the satisfaction of the Magistrate that by reason of a nuisance a dwelling house is unfit for human habitation, and if such proof is given the Magistrate shall make a closing order and may impose a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars.

(8) The Magistrate when satisfied that the dwelling house has been made fit for human habitation, may declare that he is so satisfied and cancel the closing order.
LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.
353 2 5 (9) If a person fails to comply with the provisions of a nuisance order with respect to the abatement of a nuisance, he shall, unless he satisfies the Magistrate that he has used all due diligence to carry out such order, be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding twenty-five dollars a day during his default; and if a person knowingly and wilfully acts contrary to a pro- hibition or closing order, he shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding fifty dollars a day during such contrary action.
(10) The Board may enter the premises to which a nuisance order relates, and abate or remove the nuisance, and do whatever may be necessary in execution of such order.

24.

(1) Where a person appeals to a Judge of the t:;~,zb,;","I;,"t. High Court against a nuisance order, no liability to a penalty shall arise, nor, save as in this section mentioned, shall any proceeding be taken or work done under such order until after the determination or abandonment of such appeal.
(2) There shall be no appeal to a Judge of the High Court against a nuisance order unless it is or includes a pro- hibition order or closing order or requires the execution of structural works.
(3) Where a nuisance order is made and a person does not comply with it and appeals against it, and such appeal is dismissed, or is abandoned, the appellant shall be liable to a fine not exceeding twenty-five dollars a day during the non-compliance of the order, unless he satisfies the court before which proceedings are taken for imposing a penalty that there was substantial ground for the appeal and that the appeal was not brought merely for the purpose of delay; and where the appeal is heard, the Judge may, on dismiss- ing the appeal, impose the penalty as if the court were that of the Magistrate.
(4) Where a nuisance order made on any person is appealed against and the court which made the order is of opinion that the continuance of the nuisance is injurious to health, and that the immediate abatement thereof will not cause any injury which cannot be compensated by damages, the court may authorize the Board immediately to abate the 26 CAP.
353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA nuisance; but the Board, if they do so, and the appeal is successful, shall pay the cost of such abatement, and the damages (if any) sustained by the said person by reason of such abatement; but if the appeal is dismissed or abandoned, the -3oard may recover summarily as a civil debt the cost of the abatement from the said person.

When order may be addressed to Board.

25.


Where it appears to the satisfaction of the Magistrate that the person by whose act, default or sufferance a nuisance liable to-be dealt-with summarily under this Part arises or the owner or occupier of the premises is not known or cannot be found, then the nuisance order may be addressed to, and if so addressed shall be executed by, the Board.

26.
26.

Any matter or thing removed by the Board in Sale of matter or thing removed under abatement abating or doing what is necessary to prevent the recurrence of a nuisance liable to be dealt with summarily under this order.
Part may be sold by public auction, or if the Board think that the circumstances require it, may be sold otherwise, or be disposed of without sale; and the money arising from the sale may be retained by the Board and applied in payment of the expenses incurred by them with reference to such nuisance, and the surplus (if any) shall be paid on demand to the owner of such matter or thing.

Power of entry.

27.
The Board shall have the right to enter any premises- (a) for the purpose of examining as to the existence thereon of any nuisance liable to be dealt with sum- marily under this Part, at any hour by day, or in the case of a nuisance arising in respect of any business, then at any time when that business is in progress or is usually carried on; and (b) where under this Part, a nuisance has been ascertained to exist, or a nuisance order has been made, then at any such hour as aforesaid until the nuisance is abated, or the works ordered to be done are com- pleted o r the closing order is cancelled as the case may be; and (c) where a nuisance order has not been complied with or has been infringed, at all reasonable hours including all hours in which business therein is in LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.
353 progress or is usually carried on, for the purpose of executing the order.

28.

All costs and expenses incurred in serving a Recovery of costs and expenses.
notice, making a complaint or obtaining a nuisance order, or in carrying the order into effect, or in abating or sup- pressing any nuisance, shall be deemed to be money paid to the use and at the request of the person on whom the order is made, or if the order is made on the Board, or if no order is made but the nuisance is proved to have existed when the notice was served or the complaint made, then of the person by whose act, default or sufferance the nuisance was caused; and in the case of nuisances caused by the act or default of the owner of the premises, such costs and expenses may be recovered from any person who is for the time being owner of such premises in any court of competent jurisdiction.
29.

If a person causes any drain, privy or dustbin f';F&;;ivy, to be a nuisance or injurious to health by wilfully destroying drain or damaging the same, or any water supply, apparatus, pipe or work connected therewith.

or bv otherwise wilfullv s t o ~ - ping up or wilfully interfering with or improperly using the same or any other such water supply, apparatus, pipe or work, he shall be guilty of an offence and liable on sum- mary conviction to-a fine not exceeding two hundred and fifty dollars.
1 to nuisance.

dustbin 30.

(1) Complaint of the existence of a nuisance liable ?

'owe: lndlv~dual to to be dealt with summarily under this Part on any premises to a may be made by any person and thereupon the like pro- Magistrate of ceedings shall be had with the like incidents and consequences as to making of orders, penalties for disobedience of orders, appeals and otherwise, as in the case of a like complaint by the Board: nuisance.
of Provided that the Magistrate may, if he thinks fit- (a) adjourn the hearing or further hearing of the complaint for the purpose of having an examination of the premises where the nuisance is alleged to exist, and may authorize the entry into such premises of any con- stable, or other person for that purpose; and LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA CAP.
353) Public Health ( 6 ) authorize any constable, or other person to do all necessary acts for executing an order made on a complaint under this section, and to recover the expenses from the person on whom the order is made in a sum- mary manner.
(2) Any constable or other person authorized under this section shall have the like powers and be subject to the like restrictions as if he were an officer of the Board authorized under the foregoing provisions of this Part to enter any premises and do any acts therein.

P A R T IV KEEPING OF ANIMALS Regulations controlling keeping of animals.

3 1.
3 1.

The Board may make regulations for all or any of the following purposes- ( a ) defining what animal or classes of animals may be kept in the City or in certain parts thereof; ( 6 ) the conditions under which animals may be kept, whether in the City or elsewhere in Antigua and Barbuda; and (c) generally for the better and more effectual carrying out of this Part.

PART V PRIVIES, DRAINS AND PUBLIC BATHS 32.


(1) The owner of every dwelling house or lot of land in the City of Saint John's shall provide proper privy accommodation and proper drains for the occupier or occupiers of such dwelling house or lot of land and in case such owner shall let the same to the occupiers of movable houses he shall provide proper privy accommodation and drains for the occupants of such movable houses as the Board may deem fit.
(2) Every person who does or causes to be done anything in contravention of this section shall for every offence be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars.

City houses to be provided with proper privy accommodation and drains.

i LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.

353 29 33.

Privy accommodation shall not be deemed to be When privy proper within the meaning of this Act unless it is of such proper.
class or description and is furnished with such coverings, fittings and connections as the Board may prescribe or direct.

accommodation 34.

(1) If any house in the City of Saint John's Board may appears by the report of a public health inspector to be provisions of without proper privy accommodation, the Board shall, by I : L Y , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , written notice, require the owner or occupier of the house, within a reasonable time therein specified, to provide such proper privy accommodation.
enforce (2) If such notice is not complied with, thefkmrd may, at the expiration of the time specified in the notice, do the work thereby required to be done, and may recover as a simple contract debt in any court of competent jurisdiction from the owner the expenses incurred by them in so doing: Provided that where a privy has been and is used in common by the inmates of two or more houses, or if in the opinion of the Board a privy may be so used, the Board need not require a separate privy to be provided for each house.
(3) Every building used as a workshop or factory or where persons are employed or intended to be employed in any trade or business, shall be provided with sufficient and suitable accommodation in the way of sanitary conveniences having regard to the number of persons employed or in attendance at such building, and also where persons of both sexes are employed, or in attendance, with proper accom- modation for persons of each sex.
(4) If it appears to the Board by the report of a medical officer of health of a district or a public health inspector that the provisions of subsection (3) are not complied with in the case of any building, the Board may, if they think fit by notice in writing require the owner or occupier of such building to make such alterations and additions therein as may be required to give sufficient, suitable and proper accommodation as aforesaid.
(5) Any person who neglects or refuses to comply with any such notice as mentioned in subsection (4) shall be liable 30 CAP.

353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Provision for filling up cesspits and wells.

on summary conviction for each default to a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars, and to a further fine not ex- ceeding one hundred dollars for every day during which the default is continued.

35.
(1) If it shall appear to the Board by the report of a medical officer of health of a district or ~ u b l i c health inspector that any cesspit or other receptacle used or formerly used as a receptacle for excreta or other offensive matter or for the whole or any part of the drainage of a house, or that any well or disused well belonging to any such house or part of a house is prejudicial to health, or otherwise objectionable for sanitary reasons, and that it is desirable that the same be filled up or removed or so altered as to remove any such objection as aforesaid, the Board may, if they think fit, by notice in writing require the owner or occupier of such house or part of a house, within a reasonable time to be specified in the notice, to cause such cesspit, receptacle or well to be filled up or removed, and any drain communicating therewith to be effectually disconnected, destroyed or taken away, or to cause such cesspit, receptacle or well to be so altered as to remove any objection as aforesaid.
(2) Where it appears that any such cesspit, receptacle or well is used in common by the occupiers of two or more houses, or parts of houses, the notice for filling up or removal of any such cesspit, receptacle or well may be served on the owners or occupiers of such houses.
(3) If default is made in complying with the requisi- tions of a notice under this section, the Board may themselves carry out the requisitions, and may recover summarily as a civil debt the expenses incurred by them in so doing from the owners or occupiers in default.

36.

Any person who within a quarter of a mile of Penalty for depositing any occupied building in any district, deposits human excreta excreta, etc., except in privy.
or defecates anywhere except in a properly constructed privy, shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary con- viction to a fine not exceeding two hundred and fifty dollars.

Regulations with respect to privies etc.

37.

The Board may make regulations for the whole of Antigua and Barbuda or any part thereof, with respect to privies, drains and ashpits, and the proper accessories LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.
353 3 1 thereof in connection with buildings, whether constructed before or after the commencement of this Act.

38.

The Board may provide public water closets, Provision of water closets, privies, earth closets, public baths, wash houses and bathing .tc.. baths.

wash places, and make regulations therefor.

- houses and bathing places.

39.

(1) The Board may make regulations for the ~ ~ ~ ~ ; t ~ ~ b ~ ; ; s , control of any baths, wash houses and bathing places under etc.
their management, and for the control of persons resorting thereto, including the exclusion therefrom of undesirable persons.

Any such regulation may, in addition to providing for the imposition of penalties, empower any officer of the Board to exclude or remove from any baths, wash house, or bathing place under the management of the Board any person contra- vening any of the regulations applicable to the premises in question.
(2) A printed copy, or abstract, of the regulations relating to any baths, wash house, or bathing place shall be exhibited in a conspicuous place therein.

(3) There may be attached to a breach of any such regulations a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars.

40.

Any baths, wash house, or bathing place under Baths, etc., to be public places for purposes.

the management of the Board shall be deemed to be a public place for the purposes of any enactment relating to offences against decency.
PART VI PROVISION FOR THE DEMOLITION AND CLOSING OF INSANITARY HOUSES 41.

(1) Where the Board, upon consideration of an Power to order official representation, or a report from any of their officers, insanitary house.
or other information in their possession, are satisfied that any house is unfit for human habitation and is not capable at a reasonable expense of being rendered so fit, they shall serve upon the person having control of the house, upon any other person who is an owner thereof and so far as it is reasonably practicable to ascertain such persons, upon demolition of 3 2 CAP.
353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA every mortgagee thereof, notice of the time (being some time not less than twenty-one days after the service of the notice) and place at which the condition of the house and any offer with respect to the carrying out of works, o r the future user of the house, which he may wish to submit will be considered by them, and every person upon whom such notice is served shall be entitled to be heard when the matter is so taken into consideration.
(2) A person upon whom notice is served under sub- section (1) shall, if he intends to submit an offer with respect to the carrying out of works, within twenty-one days from the date of the service of the notice upon him, serve upon the Board notice in writing of his intention to make such an offer and shall, within such reasonable period as the Board may allow, submit to them a list of the works which he offers to carry out.
(3) The Board may, if after consultation with any owner or mortgagee, they think fit to do so, accept an undertaking from him, either that he will within a specified period carry out such works as will in the opinion of the Board render the house fit for human habitation, or that it shall not be used for human habitation until the Board, on being satisfied that it has been rendered fit for that purpose, cancel the undertaking.
(4) If no such undertaking as is mentioned in subsec- tion (3) is accepted by the Board, or if, in a case where they have accepted such undertaking, any work to which the undertaking relates is not carried out within the specified period, or the house is at any time used in contravention of the terms of the undertaking, the Board shall forthwith make a complaint before a Magistrate and such Magistrate may make a demolition order requiring that the house shall be vacated within a period to be specified in the order, not being less than twenty-eight days from the date on which the order becomes operative, and that it shall be demolished within six weeks after the expiration of that order or, if the house is not vacated before the expiration of that period, within six weeks after the date on which it is vacated, or in either case within such longer period as in the circum- stances the Magistrate deems it reasonable to specify, and shall serve a copy of the order upon every person whom the LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.
353 3 3 Board would be required by subsection (1) to serve a notice issued by them under that subsection.

42.
The Board may, under this Part take the like zzgt:rzk:Sa proceedings in relation to any part of a building which is to part of a occupied or is of a type suitable for occupation, or in rela- tion to any underground room which is for the purposes of this section to be deemed to be unfit for human habitation, as they are empowered to take in relation to a house, sub- ject, however, to this qualification that, in the circumstances in which, in the case of a house, the Magistrate would have made a demolition order, he shall make a closing order prohibiting the use of the part of the building or &e room, as the case may be, for any purpose other than a purpose approved by the Board but- ( a ) the approval of the Board shall not be un- reasonably withheld; and (6) the Magistrate shall determine the closing order on being satisfied that the part of the building or the room to which it relates has been rendered fit for human habitation.
require cleansing 43.

The Board may by notice in writing require the Board whitewashing, cleansing, purifying within a time to be of houses.

specified in such notice of any house, outbuilding or other place.

Such notice shall be served upon the owner thereof, and if he shall fail to comply with the same within the time specified therein, he shall be liable on summary conviction to a penalty not exceeding one thousand dollars.
And it shall be lawful for the Board to cause such house, building or place to be whitewashed, cleansed or purified and the expense incurred in so doing shall be repaid by the owner and shall be recoverable summarily before a Magistrate.

44.
44.

When any act ordered, directed or required under In case of poverty of the of or by virtue of the provisions of this Act to be performed by any owner or occupier of any premises shall be omitted premises, work may be done at to be done by reason of the inability of such owner or occupier public expense.
through poverty to perform the same, the Board, if satisfied as to the reason for the omission, may without waiting for the expiration of the period limited by or under this Act for the performance by the owner or occupier of such work caufe the necessary work to be performed, and the Governor- 3 4 CAP.

353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Penalty for using premises in contravention of closing order or of an undertakin~.
General may, by warrant under his hand, direct the cost of the same to be paid from the public Treasury.

45.
Any person who, knowing that a closing order has bqcome operative and applies to any premises, or that an undertaking has been given under this Part that any premises shall not be used for certain purposes specified in the undertaking, uses those premises in contravention of the order or undertaking, or permits them to be so used, shall, on summary conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding two hundred and fifty dollars for every day or part of a day on which he so uses them, or permits them to be so used, after conviction.
Appeal.

46.
(1) Any person aggrieved by- (a) a notice under this Part requiring the execu- tion of works; (b) a demand for the recovery of expenses incurred by the Board in executing works specified in any such notice; (c) an order made by the Board with respect to any such expenses; (d) a demolition order made under this Part; ( e ) a closing order or refusal to determine a closing order made under this Part; (f) a withholding of approval in relation to the use for any purpose of premises in respect of which a closing order under this Part is in force, may within twenty-one days after the date of the service of the notice, demand or order, or after the refusal, as the case may be, appeal to a Judge of the High Court who shall first hold a sitting of either the High Court or a Court of Sum- mary Jurisdiction, and no proceedings shall be taken by the Board to enforce any notice, demand or order in relation to which an appeal is brought before the appeal has been finally determined: Provided that- (i) on an appeal under paragraph (6) or para- graph (c) no questions shall be raised which LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.
353 35 might have been raised on an appeal against the original notice requiring the execution of the works; and (ii) no appeal shall lie under paragraph (d) or paragraph (e) at the instance of a person who is in occupation of the premises to which the order relates under a lease or agreement of which the unexpired term does not exceed three years.
(2) O n an appeal under this section- (a) the Judge may make such order either confirm- ing or quashing or varying the notice, demand or order as he thinks fit, and he may, if he thinks fit, accept from an appellant any such undertaking as might have been accepted by the Board and any undertaking so accepted by the Judge shall have the like effect as if it had been given to and accepted by the Board under this Part; and (b) where the Judge allows an appeal against a notice requiring the execution of works to a house, he shall if requested by the Board to do so, include in his judgment a finding whether the house can or cannot be rendered fit for human habitation at a reasonable expense: Provided that the Judge shall not accept from any appellant upon whom such notice as is mentioned in subsection (1) of section 41 was served an undertaking to carry out any works, unless the appellant complied with the requirements of subsection (2) of that section.
(3) For the purpose of this Part, the withdrawal of an appeal shall be deemed to be a final determination thereof, having the like effect as a decision confirming the notice, demand or order, or decision appealed against and, subject as aforesaid, an appeal shall be deemed to be finally deter- mined on the date on which the decision of the court of appeal is given, or in a case where no appeal is brought to the court of appeal upon the expiration of the period within which such an appeal might have been brought.
3 6 CAP.

353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Power of the Board to make allowances to certain persons displaced.

47.
The Board may pay to any person displaced from a house, to which a demolition order under this Part, or a closing order under this Part, as the case may be, applies, such reasonable allowances as thev mav think fit towards his expenses in removing, and to any person carrying on any trade or business in any such house they may pay also such reasonable allowance as thev think fit towardsthe loss which, in their opinion, he will sustain by reason of the disturbance of his trade or business consequent on his having to quit the house and in estimatin~ that lbss thev shall have regard to the period for which the premises occupied by him might reasonably have been expected to be available for the purpose of his trade or business and the availability of other premises suitable for that purpose.
u P A R T VII Application.

48.

In the application of this Part any reference to the City contained in any section shall be taken to apply to and have force and effect within the City of Saint John's.

Interpretation.

49.
(1) In this Part- "animal" does not include bird; "article", in relation to food, does not include a live animal or a bird, but save as aforesaid includes in the case of an animal, bird or fish the whole or any part thereof; "artificial cream" means an article of food which, though not cream, resembles cream and contains no ingredient which is not derived from milk except water or any substance which may lawfully be con- tained in an article sold as cream, being some substance not injurious to health which in the case of cream may be required for its production or preparation as an article of commerce in a state fit for carriage or consumption and which has not been added fraudulently to increase bulk, weight or measure or conceal inferior quality; LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.
353 37 "butter" means the substance usually known as butter, made exclusively from milk with or without salt or other preservative, and with or without the addition of colouring matter; "cheese7' means the substance usually known as cheese, containing no fat other than fat derived from milk; " container" includes a package or receptacle of any kind whether open or closed; " cream" means that part of milk rich in fat &ch has been separated by skimming or otherwise con- taining not less the 18% fat; " drug" includes medicine for internal or external use; "food" means any article used as food or drink for human consumption, other than drugs or water, and includes- (a) any substance which is intended for use in the composition or preparation of food; (6) any flavouring matter or condiment; and (6) any colouring matter intended for use in food: Provided that, notwithstanding anything in this definition, the addition of any colour- ing or flavouring matter or condiment to an article used as food or drink shall be deemed to be the addition of a substance to food; "functions" includes powers and duties; " Government chemist" means a Government chemist o r a public analyst prescribed by the Cabinet by notice published in the Gazette to be a Government chemist for the purposes of this Act whether such Government chemist or public analyst is in the service of the Government or is in the service of the Government of, and resides in, any place out- side Antigua and Barbuda; 3 8 CAP.
353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA " ice-cream7' includes any similar commodity containing any proportion of milk, powdered milk or condensed milk: "importer", in relation to an imported article, includes any person who, whether as owner, consignor, consignee, agent or broker, is in possession of, or in any way entitled to the custody or control of, the article; " margarine" means any food, whether mixed with butter or not, which resembles butter and is not milk-blended butter: " margarine-cheese" means any substance prepared in imitation of cheese and containing fat not derived from milk; "milk-blended butter" means any mixture produced by mixing or blending butter with milk; " prepare", in relation to food, includes manufacture and "preparation" shall be construed accordingly; "separated", in relation to milk, includes skimmed; "substance" includes a liquid; " transit" includes all stages of transit from the dairy, place of manufacture or other source of origin, to the consumer; < ' vessel" includes a receptacle of any kind, whether open or closed.
(2) I n this Part, unless the context otherwise requires, reference to the medical officer of health of a district shall be construed as including the Medical Officer of Health.

Restrictions on the addition of other substances other Person to add- to any food or drug.

50.

(1) No person shall add, or direct or permit any ( a ) any substance to any food so as to render the food injurious to health; or LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.
353 3 9 (6) any substance to any drug so as to affect injuri- ously the quality or potency of the drug, with the intent that the food or drug may be sold in that state.

(2) No person shall sell, or have in his possession for the purpose of sale, any food or drug to which any substance has been so added.
(3) A person who contravenes any of the provisions of this section shall be guilty of an offence and liable on sum- mary conviction to a fine not exceeding three thousand dollars or to a term of imprisonment not exceeding six months.

5 1.
5 1.

(1) No person shall abstract, or direct or permit Restrictions o n the abstraction any other person to abstract, from any food any constituent fro, any food ,f constituent thereof so as to affect injuriously the nature, substance or quality of the food with the intent that it may be sold in its altered state- thereof.
(a) without notice to the purchaser of the altera- tion; or ( 6 ) whether with o r without such notice, if in that state the food does not comply with any relevant provi- sions contained in regulations made under this Act for prescribing the composition of food.

(2) A person who contravenes any of the provisions of this section shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding three thousand dollars or to a term of imprisonment not exceeding six months.

52.
52.

(1) If a person sells to the prejudice of the f;'z:;; purchaser any food or drug which is not of the nature, or .., rood or not of the substance, or not of the quality, of the food or : $ ~ e ' ' ' ~ ; ~ t ~ ~ e drua demanded by the purchaser, he shall, subiect to the ,,~;t, pro;isions of sectibn 53; be guilty of an offence-and liable deLanded.

on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding three thousand dollars or to a term of imprisonment not exceeding six months.
(2) Where regulations made under this Act contain provisions prescribing the composition of, or prohibiting o r 40 CAP.

353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA restricting the addition of any substance to, any food, a pur- chaser of that food shall, unless the contrary is proved, be deemed for the purposes of this section to have demanded food complying with the provisions of the regulations.
(3) In proceedings under this section it shall not be a defence to allege that the purchaser made his purchase for purposes of analysis or examination and therefore was not prejudiced.

Defences available in proceedings under section 52.

53.
In proceedings under section 52 it shall be a defence for the defendant to prove- (1) where some substance has been added to the food or drug in question- (a) in the case of a food, that the substance is not, and its addition has not rendered the food injurious to health or, in the case of a drug, that the addition has not affected injuriously the quality or potency of the drug; and (b) that the addition was not made fraudulently to increase the bulk, weight or measure, or conceal the inferior quality, of the food or drug; and (c) either- (i) that the addition was required for the produc- tion or preparation of the food or drug as an article of commerce in a state fit for carriage or consumption; or (ii) that a label satisfying the requirements of sec- tion 54 was attached to, or printed on the wrapper or container of, the article sold; (2) where some constituent has been abstracted from the food or drug in question- (a) that the abstraction has not rendered the food injurious to health or, as the case may be, affected injuriously the quality or potency of the drug; and was not made fraudulently to conceal the inferior quality of the food or drug; and LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.
353 4 1 (b) either- (i) that the abstraction was required for the pro- duction or preparation of the food or drug as an article of commerce in a state fit for carriage or consumption; or (ii) that a label satisfying the requirements of sec- tion 54 was attached to, or printed on the wrapper or container of, the article sold; (3) where the food or drug in question is the subject of a patent in force, that it was supplied in the state required by the specification of the patent; -.
(4) where the food or drug in question contains some extraneous matter, that the presence of that matter was an unavoidable consequence of the process of collection or preparation; (5) that the article supplied was a proprietary medicine and was supplied in response to a demand for that medicine; (6) where the proceedings are in respect of diluted whisky, brandy, rum or gin, that the spirit in question has been diluted with water only and that its strength was still not below the proof strength permitted by law to be sold for human consumption: Provided that- (a) none of the defences specified in paragraphs (1) to (4) shall be available in the case of any food which does not comply with any relevant provisions contained in regulations made under this Act, for prescribing the composition of, or prohibiting or restricting the addi- tion of any substance to, food; and (b) nothing in paragraph (6) shall affect the provi- sions of any law with respect to the dilution of spirits after computation of duty.
54.

(1) A label shall afford no defence under sub- P,':'?

paragraph (c) (ii) of paragraph (1) or sub-paragraph (b) (ii) of paragraph (2) of section 53 unless the following requirements are satisfied- as 4 2 CAP.
353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA ( a ) the label must state explicitly what substance has been added to, or what constituent has been abstracted from, the food or drug; and ( b ) it must be of adequate size, and have the notice of addition or abstraction distinctly and legibly printed and conspicuously visible.
(2) Notwithstanding anything in subsection (I), the requirements thereof shall, as respects a mixture, be deemed to be satisfied by a label which has been continuously in use without any material variation for a period not less than fifty years and bears a statement to the effect that the article in question is mixed, or by a label which has been con- tinuously in use without any material variation for a period not less than twenty-five years and bears such a statement distinctly and legibly printed and unobscured by other matter on the label.
5 5 .

(1) A person who gives with any food or drug Labels and advertisements sold by him a label, whether attached to or printed on the describing incorrectly food wrapper or container or not, which falsely describes that food or drug.

or drug, or is otherwise calculated to mislead as to its nature, substance or quality, shall be guilty of an offence, unless he proves that he did not know, and could not with reasonable diligence have ascertained, that the label was of such a character as aforesaid.
( 2 ) A person who publishes, or is a party to the publica- tion of, an advertisement (not being such a label so given by him as aforesaid) which falsely describes any food or drug, or is otherwise calculated to mislead as to its nature, substance or quality, shall be guilty of a n offence: Provided that in proceedings under this subsection it shall be a defence for the defendant to prove either- ( a ) that he did not know, and could not with reasonable diligence have ascertained, that the advertise- ment was of such a character as aforesaid; or ( b ) that, being a person whose business it is to publish, or arrange for the publication of, adver- tisements, he received the advertisement for publica- tion in the ordinary course of business.
LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.

353 4 3 ( 3 ) In any such proceedings as aforesaid against the manufacturer, producer or importer of the food or drug, it shall rest on the defendant to prove that he did not publish, and was not a party to the publication of, the advertisement.

56.

Where regulations made under this Act contain Presumptive evidence as to provisions prohibiting or restricting the addition of any injurious nature substance to any food, the addition of that substance- of food.
( a ) if made in contravention of any of the regula- tions which is expressed to be made for the prevention of danger to health, shall, and ( 6 ) if made to an amount not exceeding the limit, if any, specified by any of the regulations, s m l not, for the purposes of this Part be deemed to render the food injurious to health.

57.
57.

(1) The Board may, subject to the provisions of Power of Board this section, make regulations for all or any of the purposes regulations as to mentioned in any of the following paragraphs, that is to say- the importation, to make preparation, ( a ) authorizing measures to be taken for the pre- ~ e ~ ~ , s " , or ' ~ .

- vention of danger to health from the importation, food.
preparation, transport, storage, exposure for sale, and delivery of food of various kinds intended for sale and sold for human consumption; ( 6 ) requiring wrappers or containers enclosing or containing food of various kinds to be labelled or marked in accordance with the regulation; (c) prohibiting or restricting the addition of any substance to, and regulating generally the composition of, any food; (6) the employment in any business concerned with the handling of food or drink for human consumption of any person suspected by the Medical Offlcer of Health or a medical practitioner of being a carrier of enteric fever or dvseiterv or suffering- from ~ u l m o n a r v tuber- culosis or syphilis in an infective stage, and in any in- stance in which the Medical Officer of Health is satisfied that the suspected person is a carrier, to prohibit the employment of such person during a specified period in any such business. "
44 CAP.

353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Penalty for sale etc.

of unsound food.

( 2 ) Regulations made under this section may be restricted in their application to the City or such other parts of or places in Antigua and Barbuda as may be prescribed.

(3) There may be attached to the breach of any such regulations a fine not exceeding three thousand dollars.
( 4 ) For the purposes of regulations made under this section, articles commonly used for the food and drink of man shall be deemed to be intended for sale for human consumption unless the contrary is proved.

( 5 ) No compensation shall be payable to any person in respect of any article of food or drink destroyed under the regulations made under this section, nor shall any person acting under the authority of any such regulation be liable to any action at law in respect of such destruction.

58.
58.

( 1 ) Every person who- ( a ) sells, or offers or exposes for sale or has in his possession for the purpose of sale or of preparation for sale; or (6) deposits with, or consigns to, any person for the purpose of sale or of preparation for sale.

any food intended for, but unfit for, human consumption shall, subject to the provisions of this section, be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding three thousand dollars or a term of imprisonment not exceeding six months.
( 2 ) Where food in respect of which an offence under paragraph (a) of subsection ( 1 ) has been committed was sold to the offender by some other person, that person also shall, subject to the provisions of this section, be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding three thousand dollars or a term of imprisonment not ex- ceeding six months.
(3) Where a person is charged with an offence under paragraph (6) of subsection ( 1 ) or under subsection (Z), it shall be a defence for him to prove either that he gave notice to the person with whom he deposited, or to whom he con- LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.
353 45 signed or sold, the food in question that it was not intended for human consumption, or that, at the time when he delivered or dispatched it to that person, either it was fit for human consumption or he did not know, and could not with reasonable diligence have ascertained, that it was unfit for human consumption.

(4) A person guilty of an offence under this section shall be liable to a fine not exceeding three thousand dollars, or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months.

5 9 .
5 9 .

(1) An authorized officer of the Board may at E;mj;;t$ztfe ,nso,,d all reasonable times examine any food intende$-for human consumption which has been sold, or is offered or exposed for sale, or is in the possession of, or has been deposited with or consigned to, any person for the purpose of sale or of preparation for sale and, if it appears to him to be unfit for human consumption, may seize it and remove it in order to have it dealt with by a Magistrate.

food.
food.

(2) An officer of the Board who seizes any food under subsection (1) shall inform the person in whose possession it was found of his intention to have it dealt with by a Magistrate, and any person who under section 58 might be liable to a prosecution in respect of food shall, if he attends before the Magistrate upon the application for its condem- nation, be entitled to be heard and to call witnesses.
(3) If it appears to a Magistrate that any food brought before him, whether seized under the provisions of this section or not, is unfit for human consumption, he shall condemn it and order it to be destroyed, or to be so disposed of as to prevent it from being used for human consumption.
(4) If a Magistrate refuses to condemn any food seized under this Part by an officer of the Board he shall assess the depreciation in value resulting from its seizure, and the Board shall pay to the owner of the food the sum of money so assessed as compensation for such depreciation.

60.

(1) The foregoing provisions relating to unsound Provisions as to food offered as food shall apply in relation to any food which is intended prizes, etc.

for human consumption and is- 46 CAP.
353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA (a) offered as a prize or reward in connection with any entertainment to which the public are admitted, whether on payment of money or not; or - (6) offered as a prize, reward or given away for the purpose of advertisement, or in furtherance of any trade or business; or (6) exposed or deposited in any premises for the purpose of being so offered or given away as aforesaid, as if that food were, or had been, exposed for sale- (i) in a case falling within paragraph (a), by each person concerned in the organization of the entertainment; (ii) in a case falling within paragraph (b), by the person offering or giving, away the food; (iii) in a case falling within paragraph (c), by the occupier of the premises in question.
(2) In this section, "entertainment" includes any social gathering, amusement, exhibition, performance, game, sport or trial of skill.

61.
If an authorized officer of the Board has reason to suspect that any cart, barrow or other vehicle, or any con- tainer contains any food intended for sale for human con- sumption, or in the course of delivery after sale for human consumption, he may examine the contents of the vehicle or, as the case may be, of the container, and for that purpose may, if necessary, detain the vehicle or the container and, if he finds any food, which appears to him to be intended for, but unfit for, human consumption he may deal with it as food falling within subsection (1) of section 59 and subsections (2) to (4) of that section shall apply accordingly.
Power to examine food in course of transit.

62.

(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, the Provisions as to rooms where food intended for following provisions shall have effect in relation to every room in which any food intended for human consumption, other sale is prepared or stored, etc.

than milk, is prepared for sale or sold, or offered or exposed for sale, or deposited for the purpose of sale or of prepara- tion for sale, that is to say- LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.
353 47 (a) no sanitary convenience, dustbin or ashpit shall be within, or communicate directly with, the room, or be so placed that offensive odours therefrom can penetrate into the room; (b) no cistern for the supply of water to the room shall be in direct communication with, or discharge directly into, a sanitary convenience, and there shall not be within the room any outlet for the ventilation of a drain or, except with the approval of the Board, a n inlet into any drain conveying sewage or foul water; ( c ) the walls, ceiling, floor, windows and doors of the room shall be kept in a proper state of repair; (d) the walls, ceiling and doors of the room shall be painted, whitewashed, cleansed or purified as often as may be necessary to keep them clean and the windows of the room shall be kept clean; (e) the room shall not be used as a sleeping place and, so far as may be necessary to prevent risk of infec- tion or contamination of food in the room, no sleeping place adjoining the room shall communicate therewith except through the open air, or through an intervening ventilated space; Cf) except in the case of an artificially refrigerated room, suitable and sufficient means of ventilation shall be provided and suitable and sufficient ventilation shall be maintained; Cg) no refuse or filth, whether solid or liquid, shall be deposited or allowed to accumulate in the room, except so far as may be necessary for the proper carry- ing on of the trade or business for which the room is used, and the floor of the room shall be cleansed as often as may be necessary to keep it clean; ( h ) cleanliness shall be observed by persons employed in the room, both in regard to the room and all articles, apparatus and utensils therein, and in regard to themselves and their clothing; (21 there shall be provided in, or within reasonable distance of, the room a suitable washing basin or basins and a sufficient supply of soap, clean towels and clean water for the use of persons employed in the room: 4 8 CAP.
353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Provided that paragraph (2) shall not apply in relation to a room which is used for the sale or storage, or for the sale and storage, of food contained in containers of such materials and so closed, as to exclude all risk of contamina- tion, but is not otherwise used for any purpose in connection with the preparation, storage or sale of food.
( 2 ) If, in the case of a room to which subsection (1) applies- ( a ) any of the requirements of that subsection are not complied with; or ( 6 ) any person does or permits any act or thing in contravention of that subsection, or fails to take all such steps as may be reasonably necessary to prevent risk of contamination of food in the room; or (c) any person prevents the owner of the room from executing any work necessary to make the room comply with the said requirements, then, in the first-mentioned case, the occupier of the room and, in other cases mentioned, the person in question, whether he be the occupier or not shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars and to a further fine not exceeding two hundred and fifty dollars for each day during which the offence continues after conviction therefor.
(3) If, in the case of a room to which subsection ( 1 ) applies, any of the requirements specified in paragraphs ( a ) , ( b ) , ( c ) or (f) of the said subsection is not complied with, then, in so far as that requirement is of a structural character, the owner of the room shall, if he let it for the purpose of being used for the preparation, sale or storage of food or, if not having so let it, he permits it to be so used after receiving notice from the Board, be liable to a penalty men- tioned in subsection ( 2 ) but without prejudice to the liability of the occupier under that subsection.
( 4 ) Where the owner of a room who did not let it for the purpose of being used for the preparation, sale or storage of food executes any work necessary to make the room com- ply with the requirements of subsection ( 1 ) he may recover LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.

353 49 the expenses incurred by him in so doing from the occupier of the room summarily as a civil debt.
(5) In this section, "room" includes a shop or cellar or any other part of a building, and a shed, store or out- building or any part thereof, and the provisions of this sec- tion, except paragraphs (a) and V) of subsection (I), shall, so far as applicable, apply in relation to a yard, forecourt or area as they apply in relation to a room.
( 6 ) Save in so far as may be expressly provided neither this section nor section 6 3 shall apply in relation to premises which are used for the preparation, sale or storage of articles prepared from, or consisting of, materials other than those of animal or vegetable origin, but are not otherwise used for any purpose in connection with the preparation, storage or sale of food.

63.
63.

( 1 ) Subject to the provisions of this section, and F:4+::;;e:fin of subsection ( 6 ) of section 6 2 , no premises within the City connection with the manufacture limits shall be used for- or sale of ice- (a) the sale, or the manufacture for the purpose Fzrm",'d of sale, of ice-cream, or the storage of ice-cream intended etc.
for sale; or (6) the preparation or manufacture of sausages or potted, pressed, pickled or preserved food intended for sale, unless they are registered under this section for that purpose by the Board, and a person who uses any premises in contra- vention of the provisions of this subsection shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding two hundred and fifty dollars.
(2) For the purposes of subsection ( 1 ) the preparation of meat or fish by any process of cooking shall be deemed to be preservation thereof.

(3) Subject to the following provisions of this section, the Board shall, on the application of the occupier of, or of a person proposing to occupy, any premises, register those premises for the purpose of this section.

50 CAP.
353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA (4) If it appears to the Board that any premises for the registration of which application has been made under this section, or which are registered under this section, do not satisfy the requirements of section 62, or are otherwise unsuitable for use for the purpose for which they are pro- posed to be used or are being used, the Board shall serve on the applicant for registration or, as the case may be, on the occupier for the time being of the premises, a notice stating the place and time, not being less than seven days after the date of the service of the notice, at which they pro- pose to take the matter into consideration and informing him that he may attend before the Board, with any witnesses whom he desires to call, at the place and time mentioned to show cause why the Board should not, for reasons specified in the notice, refuse the application or, as the case may be, cancel the registration of the premises.
( 5 ) If a person on whom a notice is served under sub- section (4) fails to show cause to the satisfaction of the Board, the Board may refuse the application or, as the case may be, cancel the registration of the premises, and shall forthwith give notice to him of its decision in the matter, and shall, if so required by him within fourteen days of their decision, give to him within forty-eight hours a statement of the grounds on which it was based.
(6) A person aggrieved by the decision of the Board under this section to refuse to register any premises, or to cancel the registration of any premises, may appeal to the High Court in the same manner and under the same provi- sions as if the decision of the Board were the decision of a Magistrate's court.
(7) Upon any change in the occupation of premises registered under this section, the incoming occupier shall, if he intends to use them for the purpose for which they are registered, forthwith give notice of the change to the Board, who shall thereupon make any necessary alteration in the register.

(8) If a person required to give a notice under subsection (7) fails to do so, he shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding two hundred and fifty dollars.
LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.

353 5 1 i i s !
(9) This section shall not apply- (a) to ice-cream made by private persons for sale at any social function; or ( b ) to premises used primarily as a club, hotel or restaurant; or ( 6 ) to a person who in a street or other place of public resort, sells, or offers or exposes ice-cream for sale: Provided that such person shall first register with the Board, and, if such person fails to register, he shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding two hundred and fifty dollars or to imprisonment not exceeding one month.
-.

(10) This section shall apply in relation to premises used as a theatre, cinematograph theatre, music hall or concert hall, as if in paragraph (a) of subsection (I), the words "the sale, or" and the words "or the storage of ice-cream intended for sale" were omitted.

64.

If a medical practitioner becomes aware, or Notification of cases of food suspects, that a patient whom he is attending within a district poisoning.
is suffering from food poisoning, he shall forthwith send to the medical officer of health of the district a certificate stating- (a) the name, age and sex of the patient, and the address of the premises where the patient is, and ( 6 ) particulars of the food poisoning from which he is, or is suspected to be, suffering, and also stating whether the case occurs in the private practice of the practitioner, or in his practice as a medical officer of a public body or institution.

65.
(1) If the medical officer of health of a district r ' ; ;:02 or a government veterinary officer has reasonable ground for suspecting that any food of which he, or any other officer of the Board has procured a sample under the provisions of this Act is likely to cause food poisoning, he may give notice to the person in charge of the food that, until his investigations are completed, the food, or any specified portion thereof, is not to be used for human consumption and either is not to be removed, or is not to be removed LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA CAP.
353) Public Health except to some place specified in the notice.

In this section 6 ' government veterinary officer" means a veterinary officer holding an appointment in the service of the Government.

( 2 ) A person who uses or removes any food in contra- vention of the requirements of a notice given under sub- section (1) shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars.
(3) If, as a result of his investigations, the medical officer of health of a district is satisfied that the food in question, or any portion thereof, is likely to cause food poisoning, he may deal with it as food falling within subsection (1) of sec- tion 59 and subsections (2) and (3) of that section shall apply accordingly, but, if he is satisfied that it may safely be used for human consumption, he shall forthwith withdraw his notice.
(4) If a notice given under subsection (1) is withdrawn by the medical officer of health of a district, or if the Magistrate before whom any food is brought under this section refuses to condemn it, the Board shall compensate the owner of the food to which the notice relates for any depreciation in its value resulting from the action taken by the medical officer of health of the district the amount of such compensation being fixed by the Magistrate upon application by the owner of such food.
If there is imported into Antigua and Barbuda, Restrictions on the importation of certain foods.

within the meaning of that expression as used in the Customs 66.
Duties Act- ( a ) any margarine or margarine-cheese, except in containers conspicuously marked "Margarine" or "Margarine-cheese", as the case may require; ( b ) any adulterated or impoverished milk, except in containers conspicuously marked with a name or description indicating that the milk has been so treated; (c) any other adulterated or impoverished food to which the Cabinet may by Order direct that this sec- tion shall be applied, except in containers conspicuously marked with a name or description indicating that the food has been so treated; LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.
353 53 (6) any milk-blended butter, except in containers conspicuously marked with a name approved for the purpose by the Cabinet, not being a name which refers to, or is suggestive of, butter or anything connected with the dairy interest; ( e ) any food which does not comply with any rele- vant provisions contained in regulations made under this, or any other, Act with respect to the importation of food, the importer shall be guilty of an offence under this Part.

67.
67.

(1) A duly authorized officer of ?ke Board e''~~;,* (hereinafter called a "sampling officer") may exercise such powers of procuring samples of food and drugs for analysis, or for bacteriological or other examination, as are conferred upon him by this section.
(2) A sampling officer may take such samples of con- signments of imported food as may be necessary for the enforcement of the provisions of section 65 or purchase samples of any food or drug: Provided that nothing in this section shall be construed as authorizing any purchase or sale of drugs in contravention of the Misuse of Drugs Act.

Cap.

283.
Cap.

283.

(3) A sampling officer may take samples of- ( a ) any butter or cheese, or substances resembling butter or cheese, exposed for sale; (b) any food, or substance capable of being used in the preparation of food, found on premises which he has entered in the execution of his duties under this Act.
(4) A sampling officer may, at the request or with the consent of the purchaser, consignee or consumer, take at the place of delivery samples of any food delivered, or about to be delivered, to the purchaser, consignee or consumer in pursuance of a contract for the sale thereof to hirn: Provided that this subsection shall not apply in relation to milk.

5 4 CAP.

353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Rights to have samples analysed.

Division of, and dealings with, samples.


( 5 ) If a sampling officer has reason to believe that any container forwarded by a public conveyance contains margarine, margarine-cheese or milk-blended butter which is not consigned in accordance with the provisions of this Act, h'e may examine and take samples of the contents of that container.

68.
68.

(1) If a duly authorized officer of the Board who has procured a sample of any food or drug considers that it should be analysed, he shall submit it for analysis and the Board shall thereupon make such arrangements as they consider to be practicable for such sample to be analysed by a suitably qualified Government chemist.
(2) A person, other than a duly authorized officer of the Board, who has purchased any food or drug may submit a sample of such food or drug for analysis and the Board shall thereupon make such arrangements as they consider to be practicable for such sample to be analysed by a suitably qualified analyst.

69.
(1) A person purchasing a sample of any food or drug with the intention of submitting it to the Board for analysis, or taking a sample of food on any premises with the intention of submitting it for such analysis shall, after the purchase has been completed or the sample has been taken, forthwith inform the seller or his agent who sold the sample or, as the case may be, the occupier of the premises or the person for the time being in charge thereof, of his intention to submit such samples for analysis and shall then and there divide it into three parts, each part to be marked, and sealed or fastened up, in such manner as its nature will permit, and shall- ( a ) deliver one part to the seller or his agent or, as the case may be, to the occupier of the premises or the person for the time being in charge thereof; ( 6 ) retain one part for future comparison; and (c) if he thinks fit to have an analysis made, sub- mit one for such analysis: Provided that, in relation to samples taken in such circumstances as are mentioned in subsection (2) the foregoing provisions with respect to the giving of LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.
353 5 5 information and the manner of dealing with samples shall have effect as modified by that subsection.
(2) A person taking a sample of any food while it is in transit, or the place of delivery to the purchaser, con- signee or consumer shall, if he intends to submit it for analysis deal with it in the manner provided by subsection (1) except that he shall retain the first-mentioned part of the sample if the name and address of the consignor do not appear on the container containing the article sampled, but if the name and address of the consignor appear on such container he shall forward that part of the sample to the consignor by registered post or otherwise, together with a notice inform- ing that person that he intends to have part of the sample submitted to the Board for analysis.
70.

The Board may, with regard to a person suffer- Persons suffering.
ing from dysentery, helminthic infections, typhoid fever, ~;,ea,es paratyphoid fever or pulmonary tuberculosis or syphilis in sl',linPd or an infective stage, require in writing that until further notice- from certain ,, ( a ) such person shall discontinue any occupation connected with the preparation or handling of food or drink; ( b ) suitable measures shall be taken with respect to cleansing, disinfection, disposal of excreta, destruction of flies, and prevention of contamination of food and drink on the premises in which occupation is carried on.
71.

(1) A person who wilfully obstructs any person Penalty for obstructing acting in the execution of this Part shall be liable on sum- mary conviction to a fine not exceeding two hundred and fifty dollars: ,,f Act.
Provided that, if the court is satisfied that he commit- ted the offence with intent to prevent the discovery of some other offence under this Part, or if he has within the twelve months last preceding been convicted of an offence under this subsection, he shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding fifteen hundred dollars or to imprison- ment for a term not exceeding three months.

LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA CAP.
353) Public Health (2) If a duly authorized officer of the Board applies to purchase any food or drug exposed for sale, or on sale by retail, and tenders the price for the quantity which he requires as a sample, and the person exposing the food or drug for sale, or having it for sale, refuses to sell to the officer such quantity thereof as aforesaid, or if the seller or consignor, or any person having for the time being the charge, of any food of which an officer is empowered to take a sample refuses to allow the officer to take the quantity which he requires as a sample, the person so refusing shall, for the of subsection (I), be deemed to have wilfully obstructed the officer: Provided that, where any food or drug is exposed for sale in an unopened container duly labelled, no person shall be required to sell it except in the unopened container in which it is contained.
(3) A person who fails to give to any person acting in the execution of this Part any assistance which that person may reasonably request him to give, or any information which that person is expressly authorized by this Part to call for or may reasonably require, or who, when required to give any such information, knowingly makes any mis- statement in respect thereof, shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding two hundred and fifty dollars.

72.
(1) Where a sample has been procured under this Part, no prosecution in respect of the article sampled shall be commenced after the expiration of sixty days from the time when the sample was procured unless the Magistrate before whom the information is laid, on being satisfied on oath that having regard to the circumstances of the particular case it was not practicable to lay the information at an earlier date, gives a certificate to that effect, and in no case shall the prosecution be commenced after the expiration of ninety- six days from the time when the sample was procured.
(2) In any proceedings under this Part in respect of an article sampled, the summons shall not be made returnable less than fourteen days from the day on which it is served, and a copy of any certificate of analysis obtained on behalf of the prosecutor, and of any certificate given by a Magistrate under subsection (1) shall be served with the summons.

Limitation of prosecution.

LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health ( C A P .
353 5 7 (3) In any proceedings under this Part, where a sample has been procured in such circumstances that its division into parts is required by this Part, the part of the sample retained by the person who procured it shall be produced at the hearing.

73.

(1) In any proceedings under this Part, the pro- ,Ezfgf;e;',, duction by one of the parties of a document purporting to analvsis.

and be a certificate of a ~ d v e r n m e n t chemist in the prescri;bed presumptions.
form, or of a document supplied to him by the other party as being a copy of such a certificate, shall be sufficient evidence of the facts stated therein.

, , -.
(2) In any such proceedings, if a defendant intends to produce a certificate of a Government chemist or requires that the Government chemist whose certificate has been tendered in evidence shall be called as a witness, notice of his intention together, in the first mentioned case, with a copy of the certificate shall be given to the other party at least five clear days before the day on which the summons is returnable, and, if this requirement is not complied with, the court may, if it thinks fit, adjourn the hearing on such terms as it deems proper.
(3) For the purposes of this Part and of any regulations made thereunder- (a) articles commonly used for human consump- tion shall, if sold or offered, exposed or kept for sale, be presumed, until the contrary is proved, to have been sold or, as the case may be, to have been or to be intended for sale, for human cosumption; ( 6 ) any article commonly used for human con- sumption which is found on premises used for the preparation, storage or sale of that article and any article commonly used in the manufacture of products for human consumption which is found on premises used for the preparation, storage or sale of those products, shall be presumed, until the contrary is proved, to be intended for sale, or for manufacturing products for sale, for human consumption; ( 6 ) any substance capable of being used in com- position or preparation of any article commonly used 58 CAP.
353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Power of court to require analysis by Government chemist.

Defence available to defendant where some other person is responsible for the commission of the offence charged.

for human consumption which is found on premises on which that article is prepared shall, until the contrary is proved, be presumed to be intended for such use.

74.
( 1 ) The court before which any proceedings are taken under this Part may, if it thinks fit, and upon the request of either party shall, cause the part of any sample produced before the court under subsection (3) of section 72 to be forwarded to a Government chemist for analysis, and the certificate of such public analyst of the result of his analysis may be received in evidence, and the costs of the analysis and of obtaining the public analyst's certificate shall be paid by the prosecutor or the defendant as the court may order.
( 2 ) If, in a case where an appeal is brought, no action has been taken under subsection ( I ) , the provisions of the said subsection shall apply also in relation to the court by which the appeal is heard.

75.
( 1 ) A person against whom proceedings are brought under this Part shall, upon complaint duly laid by him and on giving to the prosecution not less than three clear days' notice of his intention, be entitled to have any person to whose act or default he alleges that the contravention of the provisions in question was due brought before the court in the proceedings, and, if, after the contravention has been proved, the original defendant proves that the contravention was due to the act or default of that other person, that other person may be convicted of the offence and, if the original defendant further proves that he has used all due diligence to secure that the provisions in question were complied with, he shall be acquitted of the offence.
( 2 ) Where a defendant seeks to avail himself of the pro- visions of subsection (1)- (a) the prosecution, as well as the person whom the defendant charges with the offence, shall have the right to cross-examine such defendant, if he gives evidence, and any witness called by him in support of his pleas, and to call rebutting evidence; (b) the court may make such order as it thinks fit for the payment of costs by any party to the proceedings to any other party thereto.
LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.
353 59 (3) Where it appears to the Board that an offence has been committed in respect of which proceedings might be taken under this Part against some person and the Board are reasonably satisfied that the offence of which complaint is made was due to an act or default of some other person and that the first mentioned person could establish a defence under subsection (I), they may cause proceedings to be taken against that other person without first causing proceedings to be taken against the first mentioned person.
(4) In any such proceedings the defendant may be charged with and, on proof that the contravention was due to his act or default, be convicted of, the offence with which the first mentioned person might have been charzed.

76.

(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, in Conditions under which a warranty be *leaded the case of any prosecution under this Part in respect of selling, exposing or offering for sale, or having in posses- as defence.
sion for sale, an article which was not of a nature, substance or quality entitling a person to sell or otherwise deal with it under the description or in the manner under, or in, which the defendant dealt with it, it shall be a defence for the defendant to prove- (a) that he purchased it as being an article of such a nature, substance and quality as would have so entitled him and with a written warranty to that effect; and (6) that he had no reason to believe at the time of the commission of the alleged offence that it was other- wise; and (c) that it was then in the same state as when he purchased it.
(2) A warranty shall only be a defence to proceedings under this Part if- (a) the defendant has within seven days of the service of the summons sent to the prosecutor a copy of the warranty with a notice stating that he intends to rely on it and specifying the name and address of the person from whom he received it, and has also sent a like notice of his intention to that person; and 60 CAP.
353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA ( 6 ) in the case of a warranty given by a person resi- dent outside Antigua and Barbuda, the defendant proves that he had taken reasonable steps to ascertain, and did in fact believe in, the accuracy of the statement con- tained therein; and (c) in the case of a prosecution in respect of a sample of milk, the defendant has within seventy-two hours after the sample was procured served such a notice as complies with the requirements specified in subsec- tion (3).
(3) The following shall be the requirements of a notice under paragraph (c) of subsection (2)- (a) the notice shall state- (i) the name and address of the seller or consignor from whom the milk was received; (ii) the time and place of delivery to the purchaser or consignee of future supplies of milk from the same source; and (6) the notice shall request the Board to take immediate steps to procure as soon as practicable, a sample of milk from any future supply of milk from the same source in the course of transit or delivery to the purchaser or consignee from the seller or consignor.
(4) Where the defendant is a servant of the person who purchased the article under a warranty, he shall be entitled to rely on the provisions of this section in the same way as his employer would have been entitled to do if he had been the defendant.

(5) The person by whom the warranty is alleged to have been given shall be entitled to appear at the hearing and to give evidence, and the court may, if it thinks fit, adjourn the hearing to enable him to do so.
(6) For the purposes of this section and section 77, a name or description entered in an invoice shall be deemed to be a written warranty that the food or drug to which the entry refers is of such a nature, substance and quality that a person can sell, or otherwise deal with it, under that name LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.

353 6 1 or description without contravening any of the provisions of this Act.

77.
77.

(1) A defendant who in any proceedings under offences in relation to this Part wilfully applies to any food or drug a warranty or ,,r,anties and certificate of analysis given in relation to any other food or certificates of drug shall be guilty of an offence.

analysis.
analysis.

(2) A person who, in respect of any food or drug sold by him, gives to the purchaser a false warranty in writing, shall be guilty of an offence, unless he proves that when he gave the warranty he had reason to believe that the statements or description contained therein were accurate.
- (3) Every person convicted of an offence under this section shall be liable in the case of a first offence to a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars and in the case of a sub- sequent offence to a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months.

PART VIII BAKERIES 78.

For the purpose of this Part- Interpretation.


"bakery" means any place in which are commonly baked or exposed or offered for sale, or deposited for the purpose of sale or of preparation for sale or have been recently sold for human consump- tion, bread, biscuits, cakes or confectionery in the baking or selling of which a trade is carried on; "employed" as applied to any person includes any person working in a bakery, whether he receives wages or not; 6 L occupier" includes any person in possession.

79.
79.

(1) Every person who is using or intends to use Application to use place as any place as a bakery shall make application in writing to bakery.

the Board, setting out his full name and a correct descrip- tion of the premises so used or intended to be used.

If the Board are satisfied that the premises specified in the applica- tion are such as can be properly used as a bakery under this 62 CAP.

353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Painting and washing premises.
Act, they shall issue to the applicant upon payment of the prescribed fee a certificate to that effect.

(2) The particulars of such application and certificate shall be entered in a book to be kept by the Board and to be called "The Bakery Register".
(3) Any person who uses any place as a bakery without having first obtained a certificate as hereinbefore provided shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding two hundred and fifty ddllars, or, for a continuing offence to a further fine not exceeding one hundred dollars for each day subsequent to the sending of a written notice by the Board.

80.
(1) The inside walls of the rooms of a bakery and the ceilings or tops of such rooms, whether such walls, ceilings or tops be plastered or not, and all passages and staircases of such bakery shall be either painted with oil or varnish or limewashed and- ( a ) when painted with oil or varnish, there shall be three coats of paint or varnish, and the paint or varnish shall be renewed once at least in every three years and shall be washed with hot water and soap at least once in every six months; ( b ) when limewashed the limewashing shall be renewed in each June and December of every year.
(2) The occupier of any bakery who fails to keep the same in conformity with this section shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars, or in the case of a continuing offence, to a further fine not exceeding one hundred dollars for each day sub- sequent to the sending of a written notice by the Board.

Conditions governing occupation of bakery.

81.


(1) It shall not be lawful to let or suffer to be occupied as a bakery or to occupy as a bakery any room or place unless the following conditions are complied with- ( a ) no privy or dustbin shall be within or com- municate directly with the bakery; ( b ) any cistern or pipe for supplying water to a bakery shall be separate and distinct from any cistern or pipe for supplying water direct to a privy; LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.
353 63 (c) no drain or pipe for carrying off faecal matter or sewage shall have an opening within the bakery; (6) every bakery shall be efficiently ventilated to the satisfaction of the Board.
(2) Any person who lets or suffers to be occupied or who occupies any room or place as a bakery in contravention of this section shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding two hundred and fifty dollars and to a further fine not exceeding one hundred dollars for every day during which such room or place is so occupied after a con- viction under this section.

82.
The Board may make regulations as t o 3 or any Regulations- of the following matters, that is to say- ( a ) the structure of floors and walls of bakeries; ( b ) the keeping of bakeries in a clean and sanitary condition; (c) the prevention of the accumulation of dust, ashes and refuse and the duties of occupiers of the premises with regard thereto; (d) the medical examination of all persons employed in a bakery; ( e ) the apparel of such persons; Cf) the compositior~ of bread; (g) the licensing of' persons working in bakeries, whether such persons receive wages or not, the charging and fixing of fees payable in respect of such licences and the suspension, revocation and cancellation of such licences; and ( h ) the charging and fixing of fees for certificates issued under section 79 and the suspension, revocation and cancellation of such certificates.
83.

(1) Where a Magistrate is satisfied on the Penalty for using Insanitary prosecution of the Board, that any room or place used as premises.

a bakery is in such a state as to be, on sanitary grounds, unfit for use or occupation as a bakery, the occupier of the bakery shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not 64 CAP.

353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA exceeding two hundred and fifty dollars and on a subsequent conviction to a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars.
(2) The Magistrate, in addition to or instead of inflicting such a fine may order means to be adopted by the occupier within the time named in the order for the purpose of removing the ground of complaint.
(3) The Magistrate may, on application enlarge the time so named, but if after the expiration of the time originally named or enlarged by subsequent order, the order is not complied with, the occupier shall on summary conviction be liable to a fine not exceeding two hundred and fifty dollars for every day that such non-compliance continues.

84.
84.

(1) No room or place on the same level with the bakery and forming part of the same building shall be used as a sleeping place or living room unless it is effectually separated from the bakery by a partition of wood, masonry or other substantial material extending from the floor to the ceiling, and unless it has external windows of at least nine superficial feet in area made to open for ventilation.
(2) Any person who lets or occupies or knowingly suffers to be occupied any room or place contrary to the provisions of this section shall on summary conviction be liable to a fine not exceeding fifty dollars for the first offence and two hundred and fifty dollars for any subsequent offence.

Premises not to be used as sleeping place.

Person suffering ( I ) No person suffering from any infectious or from certain diseases not to be communicable disease or from sores shall be employed in employed.
any bakery.

85.

(2) If the owner of any bakery knowingly employs any person in contravention of this section such person shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars for the first offence and one thousand dollars for any subsequent offence.

Powers of entry and inspection.

86.


(1) A public health inspector or medical officer of health of a district shall, for the purpose of the execution of this Part, have power to do all or any of the following things, namely- LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.
353 65 (a) to enter, inspect and examine at all reasonable times by day or night, any bakery; ( 6 ) to take with him a constable into a bakery in which he has reasonable cause to apprehend any obstruc- tion in the execution of his duty; (c) to make such examination and enquiry as may be necessary to ascertain whether the laws for the time being in force relating to public health are complied with so far as respects the bakery and the persons employed therein.
(2) The occupier of any bakery, his agents and servants shall furnish the means required by the medical d l c e r of health of a district or the public health inspector for entry, inspection, examination and enquiry in relation to such bakery.
(3) Every person who wilfully delays a public health inspector or medical officer of health of a district in the exercise of any power under this section or who fails to comply with any requisition of such public health inspector or medical officer of health of a district in pursuance of this section shall be deemed to have obstructed the public health inspector, or medical officer of health of the district in the execution of his duties under this Act and shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding two hundred and fifty dollars.
PART IX 87.

The Board may make regulations for the following Regulations.

purposes or any of them, that is to say- ( a ) for the registration of all persons keeping cows; ( 6 ) for the licensing of all places in which cows are kept for the sale of milk, and for the preventing of the keeping of tuberculous cows in such places; (c) for the licensing of dairymen and the fixing of fees payable in respect of such licences; 66 CAP.
353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA (d) for the inspection by the Board, of cattle in dairies, and for prescribing and regulating the cleansing and drainage of dairies and other places in the occupa- tion of persons carrying on the trade of dairymen, and of any pasturage used for the grazing of cows kept for the sale of milk; (e) for the situation, construction, water supply and regulation of dairies and cowsheds; (f) for prescribing places for the milking of cows; (y) for the precautions to be taken for protecting milk against infection or contamination; ( h ) for securing the cleanliness of vessels used for keeping milk for sale, and of milk therein; (i) for the issue of licences to persons selling milk to carry on such business and to sell, or hawk for sale or deliver milk, and for the issue of badges for persons actually selling or carrying milk on behalf of such licensed persons; @ to compel all persons selling or delivering milk to carry and exhibit, when lawfully required thereto, badges denoting the issue of such licences, to be supplied as provided in paragraph (2); (k) to charge fees for the licences and badges mentioned in paragraphs (9 and Q, such fees to be paid into the Treasury; (I) for the cancellation of licences for any breach of regulations made under paragraphs (a) to (k); (m) the control of ice and aerated water factories and the manufacture and sale of ice and aerated water.
88.

( I ) No person shall- (a) add any water or colouring matter or any dried or condensed milk or liquid reconstituted therefrom, to milk intended for sale as such for human consumption; or ( b ) add any separated milk, or mixture of cream and separated milk, to unseparated milk intended for such sale; or Certain additions not to be made to milk, and certain liquids not to be sold as milk.

LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.


353 6 7 (G) sell, or offer or expose for sale, or have in his possession for the purpose of sale, for human con- sumption any milk to which any addition has been made in contravention of the provisions of this subsection.

(2) No person shall sell, offer or expose for sale, under the designation of milk any liquid in the making of which any separated milk or any dried or condensed milk has been used.
(3) A person who contravenes any of the provisions of this section shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding one thzusand dollars or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three months.

89.

(1) It shall be lawful for the Governor-General $gi:z;:t;id to appoint one or more persons possessing competent provision of knowledge, skill and experience to be milk analysts for instruments.
Antigua and Barbuda: Provided always that no person appointed to be milk analyst under this section shall be directly or indirectly engaged in or connected with the sale of milk during his tenure of such appointment.

(2) Every milk analyst shall be provided at the public expense with the necessary instruments and chemical apparatus for the purpose of analysing any milk which may be brought or submitted to him to be analysed, and such analyst shall analyse any milk brought to him for that purpose.

90.
90.

If on examination it shall be found that the milk 5;~:;~ when has been adulterated or is not pure, the analyst shall grant ,ilk a certificate to that effect to the party who required the impure.

analysis.

found to be 91.


For every analysis a fee of one dollar shall be paid into the Treasury by the person requesting the analysis: Provided that where an analysis has been requested by a medical officer of health of a district, a member of the Board or by the Government Veterinary Officer, no fee shall be paid.

fee.

68 CAP.

353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Proof of conditions of milk at time of sale.

92.
92.

O n the hearing of any information under this Part the purchaser of any milk alleged to be adulterated shall prove to the satisfaction of the Magistrate that such article was delivered to the analyst in the same condition as regards to purity or impurity as it was when received from the seller.

93.
93.

O n the hearing of any complaint under this Part Analyst's certificate prima face evidence but the production of the certificate of the analyst shall be sufficient evidence of the facts therein stated unless the analyst called as witness.

defendant shall require that the analyst shall be called as a witness.

be Power of entry.

94.


The Board may at any time enter upon any premises- ( a ) for the purpose of inspecting cattle, and for inspecting the cleansing and drainage of all dairies and other places in the occupation of persons carrying on the trade of dairymen, and otherwise for making such inspection as may be necessary to give effect to this Part; and (6) to enforce obedience to all regulations made under section 87.

Prevention of use of milk from diseased cows.

95.


(1) If at any time disease exists among the cattle in a dairy or cowshed or other building or place, the milk of a diseased cow therein- ( a ) shall not be mixed with other milk; ( b ) shall not be sold or used for human food; and (c) shall not be sold or used for food of swine or other animals, unless and until it has been boiled.
(2) Any person contravening or counselling or procuring the contravention of any of the provisions of this section shall on summary conviction be liable for a first offence to a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars and for a subsequent offence to a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three months.

(3) For the purposes of this section "disease" includes- Anthrax Brucellosis LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health ( C A P .
353 69 Cattle plague Contagious pleuropneumonia Cowpox Diphtheria Epizootic abortion Foot and mouth disease Leptospirosis Mange Mastitis, all forms Milker's nodes Paratuberculosis Uohne's disease) Q fever Rabies Rinderpest Salmonella infections Ticks fevers (anaplasmosis & prioplasmosis) Tuberculosis, and any condition whose symptoms include pyrexia, chronic cough or diarrhea and any other disease specified by the Cabinet by order in the Gazette.

96.
96.

The Board may make regulations for determining Regulations as to presumptive what deficiency in any of the normal constituents of milk, e,;dence of or what proportion of water, in a sample shall for the purposes adulteration of of this Act raise a presumption, until the contrary is proved, that the article sampled is not genuine milk.

milk.

97.
milk.

97.

(1) Every manufacturer of, or dealer in, ice-cream Provisions as to ice-cream likely shall, upon the occurrence of any milk-borne disease among to cause ,ilk.

the persons living or working in or about the premises on borne disease.
which the ice-cream is manufactured, stored or sold, forth- with give notice thereof to the medical officer of health of the district and, if he fails to do so, shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding two hundred and fifty dollars.
(2) If the medical officer of health of a district has reasonable ground for suspecting that any ice-cream, or substance intended for use in the manufacture of ice-cream is likely to cause any milk-borne disease, he may give notice to the person in charge thereof that until further notice, the ice-cream or substance in question, or any specified portion thereof, shall not be used for human consumption and either 70 CAP.
353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA shall not be removed, or shall not be removed except to some place specified in the notice.

(3) A person who uses or removes any ice-cream or substance in contravention of the requirements of a notice given under subsection (2) shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars.
(4) If on further investigation the medical officer of health of a district is satisfied that the ice-cream or substance in question may safely be used for human consumption, he shall forthwith withdraw his notice, but, if he is not so satisfied he shall cause it to be destroyed, and he shall also cause to be destroyed any other ice-cream or such substance as aforesaid then on the premises as to which he is not satisfied.
(5) Subject as hereinafter provided, where a notice given under subsection (2) is withdrawn by the medical officer of health of a district or causes any ice-cream or other substance to be destroyed, the Board shall compensate the owner of the ice-cream or other substance in question for any deprecia- tion in its value resulting from the action taken by the medical officer of health of the district, or as the case may be, for the loss of its value, the amount of such compensation being fixed by the Magistrate of the district upon application by the owner of such ice-cream or other substance: Provided that- (a) no compensation shall be payable under this section in respect of the destruction of any ice-cream or substance if the Board proves that it was likely to cause any milk-borne disease; (6) no compensation shall in any case be payable under this section- (i) in respect of any ice-cream or substance manufactured on, or brought within, any premises while a notice given under sub- section (2) with respect to anything on those premises was operative; or LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.
353 7 1 (ii) in any case where the owner of the ice-cream or substance in question has failed to give a notice which he was required by subsection (1) to give.

(6) For the purposes of subsection (5), the value of any ice-cream or other substance shall not be assessed at a sum exceeding the cost incurred by the owner in making or pur- chasing it.

(7) In this section "milk-borne disease" means any disease specified in the Third Schedule and any other disease Third Schedule.
which the Cabinet may by order declare to be for the purposes of this section a milk-borne disease.

-.

PART X 98.

(1) The Board may make regulations for all or Regulations.
any of the following matters, that is to say- (a) the inspection of hotels, restaurants, retail shops, and places where any article cooked or uncooked, and intended for human consumption, is sold, exposed or offered for sale, or deposited for the purpose of sale or of preparation for sale; ( b ) the cleanliness and disinfection of the premises and of all instruments, appliances, furniture, utensils, fixtures and accessories used in connection with the business carried on in any hotel, restaurant, retail shop or other such place; (6) the protection from contamination by dust, flies, and otherwise of all articles intended, exposed or offered in such hotels, for sale for human consumption restaurants, retail-shops and other places; (4 the precautions to be taken against the spread of infection or communication of disease from, to or amongst persons on such premises, whether occupiers, employees, employers, guests or customers; 72 CAP.
353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA ( e ) the painting, varnishing, distempering, or lime- washing of the inner and outer walls, and of all fixtures, counters, shelves, doors, windows and partitions of such hotels, restaurants, retail shops and other places; (n the duties of owners and occupiers with regard to the removal and disposal of all refuse and waste matters from such hotels, restaurants, retail shops and other places; (g) the registration of retail shops and places where any article of food, whether solid or liquid, cooked or uncooked, intended for human consumption is sold, exposed or offered for sale, or deposited for the pur- pose of sale, or of preparation for sale; ( h ) the registration of all persons conveying or delivering from house to house, for purposes of sale, selling or offering for sale outside of any building or in any street, square or other place, any foodstuffs, bread, cakes, pastry or other confectionery, cooked food, sweet drinks, ices or other solid or liquid refreshments; and the issue of badges denoting registration to such persons; (i) the cancellation of registration for breaches of regulations; the providing that any person registered under any regulation made under this section shall carry and exhibit his badge of registration when lawfully required; ( k ) the charging of fees for the badges mentioned in this section; (I) the securing of the cleanliness of all persons registered under this section, or employed in retail shops registered under this section; (m) the securing of the cleanliness of all appliances, utensils, instruments, vessels and accessories used in con- nection with the business described in paragraph (h).
(2) Every registration under subsection (1) shall, unless cancelled, be and continue in force from the date of its issue until the 31st day of December next thereafter.

LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.

353 73 99.
353 73 99.

(1) The Board may make regulations for secur- zg:p;:ith ing the observance of sanitary and cleanly conditions and handling, practices in connection with the handling, wrapping and wrapping, etc, of food and the sale delivery of food sold or intended for sale for human con- .f food in the sumption, and in connection with the sale or exposure for sale in the open air of food intended for human consumption.

air.
air.

(2) Regulations made under this section may be restricted in their application to the City or to such other parts of or places in the Island as may be prescribed in the regulations.

F P A R T XI - 100.

The Governor-General may by proclamation Declaration of infectious declare any disease (in addition to the diseases mentioned disease.
in section 2) to be an infectious disease or a dangerous infectious disease within the meaning of this Act, and so long as the proclamation remains unrevoked, the disease specified therein shall be deemed to be an infectious disease, or a dangerous infectious disease, as the case may be.

1 .
1 .

The Governor-General shall have power- Provision of isolation (a) to cause to be provided in such parts of Antigua ~ ~ , $ ~ ~ l S and and Barbuda as he may deem fit, one or more hospitals or camps for the reception and isolation of persons suffering from infectious diseases; (b) to expend from the public funds of Antigua and Barbuda such sums of money as may be approved by Parliament for the purpose of carrying out the provi- sions of this Part.
( 6 ) to do all such other matters and things as the Cabinet may deem necessary for the protection of the public health.

102.

(1) The Board shall have the direction of all w ~ t h measures dealing with dangerous infectious diseases, and may infectious make regulations with regard to the control of any dangerous diseases.

infectious disease for all or any of the following purposes- Board to deal .

dangerous 7 4 C A P .
353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA (a) for the restraint, segregation, and isolation of persons suffering from any dangerous infectious disease, o r likely because of exposure to infection to suffer from any such disease; (b) the removal to hospital and the curative treat- ment of persons suffering from any dangerous infectious disease; ( 6 ) the removal, disinfection and destruction of personal effects, goods, houses and other property exposed to infection from any dangerous infectious disease; (d) the speedy burial or cremation of the dead, and in such last mentioned case the provision of crematoria; ( e ) house to house visitation and inspection; m t h e provision of medical aid a n d accommodation; (g) the promotion of cleanliness, ventilation and disinfection; (h) the prevention of the spread of dangerous infectious diseases as well in the internal waters and the territorial sea, as on land; (i) the doing of any such matter or thing as may appear advisable for preventing or checking such diseases; prescribing penalties on summary conviction not exceeding three thousand dollars a day for a continu- ing offence: Provided that with respect to any hospital or to any institution for the relief of the sick and destitute, or to any patient therein, the power given by this section shall not be exercisable by the Board, but such powers shall be exercised by the Cabinet: Provided further that in the event of any immediate action becoming, in the opinion of the Governor-General acting in his discretion, necessary to deal with any dangerous infectious disease under the provisions of this section or of any regulations made thereunder, and of its not being practicable, in the opinion of the Governor-General, to have LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.
353 75 a meeting of the Board forthwith, the Governor-General acting in his discretion may, pending the holding of such a meeting, take all such measures and do all such things, exercise all such powers, and enjoy all such privileges and immunities as may be taken, done, exercised, or enjoyed by the Board, and all such measures and things and the exercse of such powers shall be as effectual, valid and protected in all respects as if they had been taken, done, or exercised by or under the authority of the Board.
(2) There may be attached to any breach of any regula- tion made under this section on summary conviction a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars or a term of imprison- ment with or without hard labour not exceeding s i m o n t h s .

103.

For the purpose of this Part, the Board may, Board to order if they shall think fit, order that any work or nuisance, which any person is required by this or any other Act relating to cases.
the public health to execute or remove, be executed and removed at the charge of the public revenue by any person whom they may for that purpose appoint, and the expenses incurred in the execution of such work and in the removal of such nuisance shall be a debt due to the Crown by any such person as aforesaid.

execution of in 104.

(1) Where any inmate of any premises used for Notification of ~nfectious human habitation is suffering from any infectious disease, d;sease,.
or any disease the symptoms of which raise a suspicion that it may be an infectious disease, then the following provi- sions shall have effect, that is to say- (a) the head of the family to which such inmate (in this Part referred to as "the patient") belongs and in default of the head of the family, the nearest relative of the patient present in the premises or being in attend- ance on the patient and in default of such relative every person in charge of or in attendance on the patient, and in default of any such person the occupier of the premises, shall, as soon as he becomes aware that the patient is suffering from an infectious disease or a disease suspected to be infectious, send notice thereof to the medical officer of health of the district where such patient resides, and such medical officer shall forthwith send a copy of such notice to the secretary of the Board; 7 6 CAP.
353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA (6) every medical practitioner attending on or called to visit the patient shall forthwith, on becoming aware that the patient is suffering from an infectious disease or a disease suspected to be infectious, send to the Medical Officer of Health a certificate stating the name of the patient, the situation of the premises and the disease from which in the opinion of such medical practitioner such patient is suffering or suspected to be suffering.
(2) Every person required by this section to give a notice or certificate, who fails to give same, shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars.
(3) In this section the expression "occupier" includes a person having the charge, management or control of any premises or of any part thereof in which the patient is, and in the case of a house the whole or any part of which is let to lodgers, the person receiving the rent payable by the tenants or lodgers either on his own account or as the agent of another person, and in the case of a ship, vessel, boat or aircraft the master or other person in charge thereof.

Form of certificates.

105.


The Board may prescribe forms for certificates under this Act, and any forms so prescribed shall be used in all cases to which they apply.

Powers of entr] 106.
(1) The Medical Officer of Health, the medical officer of health of a district, or a medical practitioner authorized by the Board may at any time enter and inspect premises in the district in which he has reason to believe that any infectious disease exists, or has recently existed, and may examine any person found on such premises with a view to ascertain whether any such person is suffering or has suffered, from any infectious disease, and may also examine any dead body found on such premises, and in the event of admission, inspection or examination being refus- ed, the Magistrate of the district may grant a warrant authorizing such entry, inspection and examination, and on such warrant being exhibited, any person refusing to admit such Medical Officer of Health, medical officer of health of the district or medical practitioner to such premises, or obst'ructing him in making the inspection or examination LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.
353 7 7 as aforesaid, shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars for every such offence.

(2) Such Medical Officer of Health, medical officer of health of the district, or medical practitioner may, for the purpose of examination, order the removal of the body of any person suspected to have died of an infectious disease.
(3) For the the purpose of this section "premises7' means any dwelling, ship, boat, aircraft, tent, van, shed or similar structure used for human habitation in like manner as nearly as may be as if it were a building but nothing in this Act shall apply to any ship, vessel, boat or aircraft belonging to Her Majesty the Queen or to any inmate t h e r e o m o r to any ship, vessel or boat belonging to any foreign government.

107.

(1) Where any suitable hospital or place for the pemoval to isolation hospital.
reception of the sick, established and maintained from public funds, is provided, any person who is suffering or suspected to be suffering from an infectious disease, and is without proper lodging or accommodation, or is so lodged that proper precautions cannot be taken for preventing the spread of disease, or is lodged in any common lodging house, or is on board a ship, vessel or aircraft, may, on a certificate signed by the Medical Officer of Health, the medical officer of health of the district or any medical practitioner authorized by the Board, and with the consent of the persons in this section mentioned, be removed by order of any Justice or Magistrate, to such hospital or place at the cost of the Board; and such person may be detained at such hospital or place so long as he continues in an infected condition, and any police officer or any person authorized by the Medical Officer of Health engaged or aiding and assisting in such removal may for the purpose of such removal break into any house or any building whatsoever and may break open any door in any such house or building.
(2) An order under this section may be addressed to any police officer or officer of the Board; and any person who wilfully disobeys or obstructs the execution of such order shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars.

78 CAP.

353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Infected person not to carry on occupation.
(3) In the case of the Holberton Hospital the consent in this section mentioned shall be that of the medical superintendent thereof, and in the case of any other hospitals or places for the reception of the sick established or main- tained from public funds, that of the medical officer in immediate charge thereof.

108.
(1) A person who knows himself to be suffer- ing from an infectious disease, or who is nursing or attending on a case of infectious disease, shall not milk any animal or engage in any occupation connected with food, or carry on any trade or business in such manner as to be likely to spread the infectious disease, and if he does so he shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars: Provided that "infectious disease" in this subsection shall not include dengue, food poisoning, influenza, malaria and tetanus.
(2) If any person- (a) while suffering from an infectious disease, wilfully exposes himself without proper precautions against spreading the disease in any street, public place, shop, hotel or public conveyance; or ( b ) being in charge of any person so suffering, so exposes such sufferer, or causes such sufferer to be so exposed, he shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary con- viction to a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars.

Infected clothes not to be sent to .

.

laundry.

etc.

109.


(1) No person shall give, lend, sell, transmit or expose without ~revious disinfection, any bedding, clothiig, rags or other things which have beenaexposed ;; infection from any infectious or communicable disease.
(2) No person shall take, send or deliver to any public wash house or to any laundry, or give to any person for the purpose of being washed, any bedding, clothes or other things which he knows to have been exposed to infection from any infectious or communicable disease, unless they have been disinfected to the satisfaction of the Board or a medical practitioner.

LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.


353 79 I t d f e t 8 1 B (3) If any person acts in contravention of the foregoing provisions of this section, he shall be liable on summary con- viction in respect of each offence, to a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars.

(4) The Board may, on the application of any person, pay the expenses of the disinfection of any such bedding, clothes or other things, if carried out by them or under their direction.

110.
110.

(1) Where the Board, on the certificate of a ~~~::r;$articles medical practitioner, are satisfied that the cleansing, p d c a - to be purified.

tion or destruction of any article in a dwelling house is, by reason of the filthy condition of the article, necessary to prevent injury or to remove or obviate risk of injury to the health of any person in the dwelling house, the Board may cause the article to be cleansed, purified or destroyed at their expense.
(2) Where a person sustains damage in consequence of the exercise by the Board of their powers under this section, and the conditions of the article with respect to which those powers have been exercised is not attributable to his act or default, the Board shall make reasonable compensation to that person.

1 .
(1) No person, being the parent or having the Child suffering from dangerous care or charge of a child who is or has been suffering from infectious disease a dangerous infectious disease or has been exposed to not to attend infection, shall, after a notice from the medical officer of health of a district or a medical practitioner that the child is not to be sent to school, permit such child to attend school without having procured from such medical practitioner a certificate (which shall be granted free of charge on applica- tion) that in his opinion such child may attend without undue risk of communicating such disease to others.
school.

(2) The person in charge of a school in which any pupil is suffering from a dangerous infectious disease shall, if required by the Board, furnish them with a complete list of the names and addresses of the pupils.

80 CAP.

353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA (3) Any person who shall offend against this section shall, for every offence, be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars.

Provisions as to library books.


Prohibiting conveyance of persons with dangerous infectious disease in public vehicles.

.

1 (1) If any person knows that he is suffering from a dangerous infectious disease, he shall not take or use any book or cause any book to be taken for his use from any public or circulating library.
(2) A person shall not permit any book which has been taken from a public or circulating library which he knows to have been exposed to infection from any dangerous infec- tious disease, or permit any such book which is under his control to be so returned, but shall give notice to the Board that the book has been so exposed to infection and the Board shall cause the book to be disinfected and returned to the library, or to be destroyed.
(3) The Board shall pay to the proprietor of the library from which the book is procured the value of any book destroyed under the power given by this section.

(4) If any person acts in contravention or fails to comply with this section, he shall be liable on summary conviction in respect of each offence to a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars.

(5) In this section the term "book" includes newspapers, magazines and other periodicals.
1 1 The owner or driver of a public vehicle, used for the carrying of passengers at separate fares, shall not knowingly convey, or any other person shall not knowingly place, in any such public vehicle, a person suffering from any dangerous infectious disease, or a person suffering from any such disease shall not enter any such vehicle, and every person who shall offend against this section shall, for every offence, be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars.
Penalty on failing to provide for the disinfection of public vehicles.

114.

Every owner or driver of a public vehicle shall immediately provide for the disinfection of such vehicle after it has to his knowledge conveyed any person suffering from a dangerous infectious disease, and if he fails to do so he LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.
353 8 1 shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary con- viction to a fine not exceeding two hundred and fifty dollars; but no such owner or driver shall be required to convey any person so suffering until he has been paid a sum sufficient to cover any loss or expense incurred by him in carrying into effect the provisions of this section.
1 (1) If any person suffering from a dangerous Driver or owner of vehicle infectious disease is conveyed in any public vehicle, the owner conveying or driver thereof, as soon as it comes to his knowledge, shall dangerous give notice to the medical officer of health of the district, to give notice.
and shall cause such vehicle to be disinfected, and if such owner or driver fails to do so he shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not excee&ng two hundred and fifty dollars; but the owner or driver of such vehicle shall be entitled to recover in any court of com- petent jurisdiction from the person so conveyed, or from the person causing that person to be so conveyed, a sufficient sum to cover any loss and expense incurred by him in con- nection with such disinfection.
infected persons (2) It shall be the duty of the Board, when so requested by the owner or driver of such public vehicle, to provide for the disinfection of the same free of charge, except in cases where the owner or driver conveyed a person knowing that he was suffering from a dangerous infectious disease.
1 Any person who hires or uses a public vehicle Disinfection public vehicles of if other than a hearse for the conveyance of a person who has used for carrying died from any dangerous infectious disease, without pre- corpse.
viously notifying the owner or driver of such public vehicle that the person whose body is or is intended to be conveyed has died from a dangerous infectious disease and, after such notification as aforesaid, the owner or driver of a public vehicle which has been used for conveying the body of a person who has died from a dangerous infectious disease, and who shall not immediately afterwards provide for the disinfection of such vehicle to the satisfaction of the Board shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding two hundred and fifty dollars.
117.

(1) Where the Board, on the certificate of a ~ ~ i ; ~ ~ e c k medical practitioner, are satisfied that the cleansing or disinfection of any premises or part thereof or of any articles of disease.

prevent spread 82 C A P .
353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA therein likely to retain infection, or the destruction of such articles, would tend to prevent or check any infectious disease, the Board shall serve a notice on the occupier, or, if the premises are unoccupied, on the owner of the premises, requiring the cleansing or disinfection of the premises or any part thereof or the disinfection or destruction of any articles therein to the satisfaction of the medical officer of health of the district within a time to be specified in the notice.
(2) If the occupier or owner fails to have the premises or part thereof cleansed or disinfected or the articles disinfected or destroyed within the time specified in the notice, the same may be cleansed, disinfected or destroyed, by the Board at the cost of such owner or occupier: Provided always that if in the opinion of the medical officer of health of the district, the owner or occupier is unable effectually to cleanse or disinfect the premises or any part thereof or to disinfect or destroy such articles, the same may without such notice, be cleansed, disinfected or destroyed by the Board at the cost of the Board.
118.

Any person who knowingly lets for hire any house, room or part of a house in which any person has been suffering from any dangerous infectious disease, without having such house, room or part of a house, and all articles therein liable to retain infection, disinfected to the satisfaction of the medical officer of health of the district, shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars.
For the purpose of this section the keeper of an inn, hotel or lodging house shall be deemed to let for hire part of a house to any person admitted as a guest to such inn, hotel or lodging house.

119.
119.

(1) Where either- (a) the body of a person who has died from a dangerous infectious disease has been retained in a room in which persons live or sleep; or (b) the body of a person who has died of a dan- gerous infectious disease is retained, without the sanction in writing of the medical officer of health of the district or any medical practitioner for more then twenty-four Penalty for letting dangerous infected houses.

Power of Magistrate to order removal of dead body.


LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.
353 83 hours, elsewhere than in a room not used at the time as a dwelling place, sleeping place or workroom; or ( 6 ) where any dead body is retained in any house or room or ship under circumstances which, if continued may endanger the health of the inmates thereof, or of any adjoining or any neighbouring house or building; or (d) any dead body found within the district is unclaimed or no sufficient person undertakes to bury it, a Magistrate may, on a certificate signed by a medical officer of health of the district or other medical practitioner, direct that the body be removed at the cost of the Board, to any available mortuary, and be buried within the time limited by the Magistrate; and may, if it is the body of a p m n who has died of a dangerous infectious disease, or if he con- siders immediate burial necessary, direct that the body be buried immediately without removal to the mortuary.
(2) If any person obstructs the execution of any direc- tion given by a Magistrate under this section, he shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars.

120.
120.

If any person shall die from any dangerous Bodies of persons dying of infectious disease in any hospital or place of temporary dangerous accommodation for the sick, and the medical officer of health j:fr~:;;~F::;; of the district or other medical practitioner in charge of such to be removed hospital or place certifies that in his opinion it is desirable, only for burial.
in order to prevent the risk of communicating any dangerous infectious disease or of spreading infection, that the body shall not be removed from such hospital or place except for the purpose of being forthwith buried, it shall not be lawful for any person or persons to remove such body from such hospital or place except for the last mentioned purpose; and when the body is taken out from such hospital for that purpose it shall be forthwith carried or taken direct to some cemetery or place of burial and shall be forthwith there buried; and any person wilfully offending against this section shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars: Provided that nothing in this Act ,shall prevent the removal of any dead body from any hospital or temporary place of accommodation for the sick to any mortuary, and 84 CAP.
353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA such mortuary shall, for the purposes of this section be deemed part of such hospital as aforesaid.

Wake not to be held over body of of dangerous infectious disease.

2 .
2 .

It shall not be lawful to hold any wake over the dying body of any person who has just died of a dangerous infec- tious disease, and the occupier of any house or premises who permits or suffers any such wake to take place in such house or premises, and every person who attends to take part in such wake shall be guilty of an offence and liable on sum- mary conviction to a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars.

Provision of nursing attendance.

122.


(1) The Board may provide nurses for attend- ance on patients suffering from any infectious disease in their district who, owing to want of accommodation at the hospital, or the danger of infection, cannot be removed to the hospital, or in cases where removal to the hospital is likely to endanger the patient's life.

(2) The Board may charge such reasonable sums for the service of nurses provided by them as they think fit.

General powers to enter and 123.


For the purposes of this Part, any person out work.
authorized to act under the provisions hereof or of any rewla- tions made in pursuance of any authority contained in this Part may at any time, with or without assistance- - a ( a ) enter on lands and buildings and inspect and examine the same and all things thereon or therein; (b) do on any land or in any building any sanitary or other work authorized or directed; (c) generally do, with respect to persons, places, lands, buildings, animals or things, whatever is necessary or expedient in order to carry out the foregoing provi- sions of this Part or any direction or requirement given or arising thereunder.
124.

(1) A person who knows or suspects that he is Trades which persons suffering from a dangerous suffering from a dangerous infectious disease shall not carry infectious disease on or be engaged in any of the trades or callings specified shall not carry in the Fourth Schedule or any trade or calling which the on.

Cabinet may from time to time prohibit him from carrying on.

Fourth Schedule.

LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.


353 85 ( 2 ) An employer shall not knowingly employ any person suffering from a dangerous infectious disease in any such trade or calling.

(3) If the Board suspects that any person engaged in any such trades or callings is suffering from a dangerous infectious disease they may by themselves or by their authorized officer enter upon the premises where any such trade or calling is being carried on and examine the persons employed therein.

125.
125.

All regulations made under this P a r t a l l when ,P;,bJ;'","?

published in the Gazette thenceforth have the same effect and regulations.

operation as if they were enacted and formed part of this Act.

and 126.
Cabinet- (1) Where the Board shall report to the ~ ; ~ ~ t p o w e r s o f ( a ) the existence of any local conditions in any part of Antigua and Barbuda tending to endanger the health of the public, and there shall be no means under any existing Act whereby such conditions may be removed or guarded against; or ( b ) that any part of Antigua and Barbuda appears to be threatened with or affected by any formidable epidemic, endemic or infectious disease and that measures of precaution apart from or in addition to the provisions in this Act, should be taken with promptitude, it shall be lawful for the Cabinet from time to time by order to direct the enforcement of any measures recommended by the Board, or any other measures that he may deem expedient for removing or otherwise guarding against any such con- dition and the probable consequences thereof or for preventing or mitigating as far as possible any such epidemic, endemic or dangerous infectious disease.
( 2 ) Every order issued under the authority of this section and all acts done in pursuance of or under the authority of such order shall be as valid and legal as if the same was or were authorized in express words by some Act.

86 CAP.

353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA PART XI1 Regulations for prevention of mosquitoes.

127.
(1) For the purpose of preventing the breeding of mosquitoes, the Board may make regulations relating to all or any of the following matters, that is to say- ( a ) the protection of receptacles for storing water by wire gauze or other efficient means; ( 6 ) the keeping of premises free from stagnant water liable to breed mosquitoes, and from articles, appliances, trees or plants which may retain stagnant water liable to breed mosquitoes; ( c ) the spraying of premises with any insecticide approved by the Medical Officer of Health; (6) the disinfecting and oiling of cesspits and the cleaning out of catchpits; (e) the keeping in repair and free of obstruction of eaves, gutters, and downpipes; Cf) the cutting down of bush or undergrowth liable to harbour mosquitoes.
(2) The Board shall have powers of entry at all reasonable times into any premises, dwelling house, public building, ship, boat or aircraft in order to carry out these regulations.

(3) The Board may declare by resolution published in the Gazette that an adequate supply of potable water exists in any area or district and thereafter make regulations to prohibit the storing of water in barrels, tubs, tins, or similar vessels in such area or district.

PART XI11 SCHOOL HYGIENE Sanitary control.

128.

(1).
128.

(1).

No school shall be established unless the Board previously approve of the sanitary arrangements thereof, and any school when established and all existing schools shall be subject to the sanitary control of the Board.

LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.

353 87 (2) The medical officer of health of a district or public health inspector whom he may appoint for such purpose may enter any school premises for the purpose of making an examination of the school premises.
(3) The master for the time being in charge of such school shall afford every facility to the medical officer of health of the district or public health inspector in the furtherance of such examination or inspection.

129.

(1) The principal of any school where any pupil List of scholars to be furnished pupil in is su-ffering from an infectious disease shall, if required by ,he, the Board, furnish to them within a reasonable time fixed.
school is by them a complete list of names and addresses of the pupils ;nfectious in or attending at the school or any specified department disease.

thereof other than boarders.

suffering from an (2) In this section "principal" means the person in charge of the school, and includes, where the school is divided into departments and where there is no single person at the head of the whole school, as respects each department the head of that department.

130.
130.

For the purpose of regulating the sanitation of Regulations.

school premises the Board may make regulations for any of the following matters- ( a ) the lighting and ventilation of classrooms; ( 6 ) the types and sizes of desks, cloakroom, lavatory, water closet and latrine accommodation and the water supply; and (c) generally for the cleanliness and sanitation of school premises.

13 1.

Any person who contravenes, or fails to comply Penalty.
with or obstructs any officer in the execution of any of the provisions of this Part shall be guilty of an offence, and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding two hundred and fifty dollars, or in the case of a continuing offence to a further fine not exceeding one hundred dollars for each day after written notice from the Board.

88 CAP.

353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA PART XIV 132.
A person shall not, unless he is a duly registered Prevention of the treatment of venereal disease medical practitioner, treat any person for venereal disease or prescribe any remedy therefor, or give any advice in con- nection with the treatment thereof, whether the advice is given to the person to be treated or to any other person.

by duly qualified persons.

than .

.

Prohibition of advertisements relating to 133.


No person shall take any part in the publica- tion of any advertisement referring to any article or articles disease.

of any description, in terms which are calculated to lead to the use of that article or articles of that description for the purpose of treatment of human beings for venereal disease.

Prohibition of advertisements relating to certain diseases.

Prohibition of advertisements relatine to a b ~ r t i ~ n .

- 134.
- 134.

No person shall take any part in the publica- tion of any advertisement referring to any article or articles of any description, in terms which are calculated to lead to the use of that article or articles of that description for the purpose of the treatment of human beings for any of the following conditions namely, Bright's disease, cataract, diabetes, epilepsy or fits, glaucoma, locomotor ataxia, paralysis, tuberculosis, stone, cancer, virility or the lack thereof, sexual impotence.

135.
135.

No person shall take any part in the publica- tion of any advertisement referring to any article or articles of any description, in terms which are calculated to lead to the use of that article or articles of that description for pro- curing the miscarriage of women: Provided that this section and sections 133 and 134 shall not apply to an advertisement published by the Board or by any person acting with the sanction of the Medical Officer of Health.

Penalties.

136.
Penalties.

136.

(1) If any person contravenes any of the pro- visions of sections 132, 133, 134 and 135, he shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction- ( a ) in the case of a first conviction to a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars; and LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.
353 89 (6) in the case of a subsequent conviction, to a fine not exceeding two thousand dollars, or to imprisonment with or without hard labour, for a term not exceeding three months, or to both such fine and such imprisonment.
(2) Where a person convicted of an offence as mentioned in subsection (1) has been within twelve months previously convicted of an offence as mentioned in the said subsection, the court may, if it thinks fit, and finds that such person knowingly and wilfully committed such offences, order that a notice of the facts be affixed, in such form and manner and for such period not exceeding twenty-one days as the court may order, to any business premises or to any stall in the market occupied by that person, and that the person do pay the cost of affixing; and if any person obstructs the affixing of such notice, or removes, defaces or conceals the notice affixed during the said period, or assaults, obstructs or resists any person duly authorized to affix such notice, he shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary con- viction to a fine not exceeding two hundred and fifty dollars.
PART XV 137.

(1) It shall not be lawful to establish or carry i::;:;t on the offensive trades specified in the Fifth Schedule unless Fifth Schedule.

with the consent in writing of the Board.


of (2) Every person who establishes or carries on an offensive trade in contravention of this section shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding three thou- sand dollars for every day on which he carried it on, whether there has or has not been a conviction in respect of the establishing of the trade.

138.

With respect to offensive trades heretofore or :;::;?
; hereafter lawfully established, the Board may make regula- ,,ffe,,iVe tions as to the conditions subject to which and the place in which such trades may be carried on, in order to prevent or diminish the offensiveness of the trades and to safeguard the public health.

90 CAP.

353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA PART XVI Licensing of slaughter-houses.

Regulations.

139.
139.

The Board may provide or license slaughter- houses, and from and after the provision of any such slaughterhouse, it shall not be lawful for any person to slaughter within a radius of two miles thereof any animal intended for the food of man except in the slaughterhouse provided therefor; and any person acting in contravention of the provisions of this section shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars for each animal slaughtered.
In this section "animal" means any bull, ox, bullock, steer, cow, heifer, calf, sheep, lamb, pig, goat, kid or turtle, and any other animal which, by order, the Cabinet may declare to be included in such term.

140.
(1) The Board may make regulations for regulating the use of slaughterhouses, and of all buildings, stalls, pens, slaughtering places, or other parts thereof, and the approaches thereto, any pastures attached thereto, and specifically for all or any of the following purposes, namely- ( a ) for fixing the tolls, rents and other charges to be paid thereat, and for regulating the rights and liabilities of owners of any animals brought therein, and the right of access to such slaughterhouses, and appurtenant grounds or any part thereof; ( b ) for regulating the manner of occupying and using such slaughterhouses, and the inspection and slaughtering of animals therein; (c) with respect to the licensing of slaughtermen and the suspension, revocation and cancellation of such licences; (d) for fixing the hours at which such slaughter- houses shall be opened and closed; (e) for fixing the hours when, and prescribing the conditions and requirements under and subject to which, animals are to be slaughtered therein; (f) for fixing the times when, and prescribing the conditions and requirements under and subject to which, LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.
353 9 1 carcases and other parts of any animal slaughtered in such slaugherhouse shall be removed therefrom; (g) for dealing with any animal which may be found to be diseased; and for the disposal of any condemned carcase or part thereof; ( h ) for regulating the feeding and watering of animals brought therein and for preventing cruelty therein; (2) for regulating and fixing the charges for the use of any scales provided by the Board; 0) for preventing nuisances and obstructions in any slaughterhouses or any part thereof, or the a p p m h e s thereto, or the grounds around the slaughterhouse buildings and for the summary ejection from such slaughterhouse, approaches, or grounds of any person or persons found fighting or behaving in a disorderly manner or creating any disturbance therein.
(2) The Board may make regulations for the general management and control of markets.

(3) Regulations made under this section may be restricted in their application to the City of Saint John's or such other parts or places in Antigua and Barbuda as may be prescribed in the regulations.

141.

Where any owner makes default in complying Default of owners with any regulation under this section imposing any duty ,ith regulations.
on him with respect to any animal belonging to him, it shall be lawful for the Board, without prejudice to their right to institute summary proceedings for the breach of such regula- tions, to undertake the execution of such duty, and the expenses incurred for the purpose shall be a debt due from such owner to the Board.

In complying 142.
In complying 142.

Where default is made by any owner in pay- F;9;:nkf ment of any expenses due to the Board under this Part it shall be lawful for the Board to recover such expenses by summary proceedings before the Magistrate or by sale of any animal of the owner then in the slaughterhouse.

9 2 CAP.

353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA PART XVII Regulations.

143.
The Board may make regulations as to all or any of the following matters relating to shops, that is to say- (a) the cleanliness and disinfection of the premises, and of all instruments, appliances, furniture, utensils, fixtures, and accessories used in or in connection with the business carried on in such premises; (b) precautions against the spread of infection or communication of disease from, to or amongst persons on such premises, whether occupiers, employers, employees or customers; ( c ) the entry and examination of such premises by the Board or duly authorized office.
In this section the term "shop" includes barbers7 shops and any room in any shop used for the purpose of carrying on the business of a barber, and also any other shop or room, which by order, the Cabinet may declare to be included in such term.

PART XVIII Regulations.

144.
144.

The Board may make regulations as to all or any of the following matters relating to factories and workshops, that is to say- ( a ) the cleanliness of rooms and freedom from effluvia; (b) the removal of refuse; (c) ventilation and light; (d) sufficiency, type, and position of sanitary conveniences; ( e ) precautions against the contamination of any article of food or drink manufactured or in the course of manufacture for human consumption; (j) the registration of factories and workshops.
LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.
353 93 In this section- "factory" means any premises wherein, or within the close or curtilage of which, mechanical power is used to move or work any machinery; "workshop" means any premises, room or place not being a factory wherein, or within the close or curti- lage of which, any manual labour is exercised by way of trade or for the purposes of gain, and to or over which premises, room or place the employer of the persons working therein has the right of access or control.

-.

P A R T XIX 145.


(1) The owner of a barrack shall, immediately bar rac own" upon the commencement of this Act.

make a return in writing - to the Board, signed by him or his authorized agent, giving the situation and area of such barrack, the number of rooms therein, and his name and address, and the name and address of his agent, if any.

(2) The owner shall cause every room in his barrack to be distinctly and separately numbered.
(3) The owner of any barrack who shall fail to comply with the provisions of this section shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding fifty dollars in respect of every day on which he fails to comply.

146.

The Board shall keep a register in which shall Register of be entered the names and residences of the keepers of all houses and common lodging houses and the owners of barracks, and barracks.
the situation of every house and barrack, and the number of lodgers authorized under this Act by the ~ o a r d to be received in any such lodging house.

common lodging 147.

A copy of any entry in the register as mentioned Evidence.

in section 146, certified by an officer of the Board to be a true copy, shall be received in all courts and on all occasions Lodging house or barrack not to be occupied unless registered.

LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA CAP.


353) Public Health as evidence, and shall be sufficient proof of the matter registered, without production of the register or of any docu- ment or thing on which the entry is founded.

148.
A person shall not keep a common lodging house or receive a person therein or suffer any room in a barrack to be occupied unless the house or barrack is registered in accordance with the provisions of this Act, and unless his name as the keeper or owner thereof is registered under this Act: Provided that when the registered keeper of a common lodging house dies, his widow or any member of his family may keep the house as a common lodging house for not more than four weeks after his death without being registered as the keeper thereof.
Premises to be inspected before 149.

A house or barrack shall not be registered as a common lodging house or barrack, as the case may be, until it has been inspected and approved for the purpose by the Board.

Penalty for using unregistered premises.

.

150.
.

150.

Any keeper of a common lodging house who receives any lodger in such house, and any owner of a barrack who lets or suffers to be occupied any room or rooms in such barrack without registering the same under this Act, shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary con- viction to a fine not exceeding two hundred and fifty dollars and in the case of a continuing offence to a further fine not exceeding one hundred dollars for every day during which the offence is continued.
Burden of proof as to persons being of same family.

15 1.

In any proceeding under the provisions of this Act relating to common lodging houses and to barracks, if the inmates of any house or barrack or room or other part of a house or barrack allege that they are members of the same family, the burden of proving such allegation shall lie on the person making it.

Regulations.

152.
Regulations.

152.

The Board may make regulations as to all or any of the following matters in relation to common lodging houses and barracks, that is to say- ( a ) the fixing and from time to time the varying of the number of persons who may be received as lodgers LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.
353 95 in each common lodging house and in each room thereof, and in the separation of the sexes in such common lodging houses; (b) the promoting of cleanliness and ventilation; (c) the sufficiency of the water supply and privy, shower bath, washing, drainage and dustbin accom- modation and other appliances and means of cleanliness in proportion to the number of lodgers and occupiers; (6) the giving of notices and the taking of pre- cautions in the case of any infectious disease; (e) the inspection and the time of inspection thereof; V) the collection and removal of r e f u s e .
F ('g) the painting or limewashing of walls and buildings; ( h ) the keeping by the owner in proper condition of all drains and sanitary arrangements; the paving of yards; (z] 0) generally, the keeping and well ordering of such houses and barracks.

153.

( 1 ) If it appears to the Board that, in the case 2f$lti$ with of a common lodging house or barrack default is made in replations or complying with any regulations made under section 152 or Act.
with any of the provisions of this Act, the Board may, by notice in writing specifying the default, require the keeper of such common lodging house or owner of such barrack to remedy the default within such time as may be specified in such notice.
(2) If, within the time specified in the notice, the default is not remedied to the satisfaction of the Board, they may themselves do the work required to be done, and the expenses incurred in so doing may be recovered in the manner hereinafter prescribed, and until paid shall be a charge on the premises in respect of which the work was done.
(3) Where the Board have incurred expenses in doing work as aforesaid, such expenses may be recovered by the Board, summarily before a Magistrate, together with interest 96 CAP.

353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA thereon at the rate of five per centum per annum computed from the date of the completion of the work.

Cancelling registration.

154.


The Board, if at any time they are of opinion that any person registered as the keeper of a common lodging house is not a fit person for the purpose, may cancel the registration.

Conditions on which barrack may be established.

155.
(1) No person shall take any steps to establish a barrack, or to convert any premises into a barrack, except with the consent of the Board, which consent shall only be granted on the conditions following, that is to say- ( a ) that the barrack shall be established and con- structed in conformity with a model plan and specifica- tion to be drawn up by the Board; ( b ) that each room shall be sufficiently ventilated directly to the outside air on at least two sides, and that sufficient provision shall be made for the access of light thereto; (c) that no room shall ventilate into another; (6) that roofs of all rooms shall be close boarded and ventilated; ( e ) that the whole or such part of any yard as the Board may direct shall be paved to the satisfaction of the Board; Cf) that the privy accommodation and the provi- sion for the collection of refuse shall be such as may be prescribed in each case by the Board.
(2) For the purposes of this section, each of the follow- ing operations, namely- ( a ) the re-erection, wholly or partially, of any building of which a n outer wall is pulled down or burnt down to within five feet of the ground; ( b ) the making of any addition to an existing build- ing by raising any part of the roof, by altering a wall, or making any projection from the building, but so far as regards the addition only; and LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.
353 9 7 ( c ) the roofing and covering over of an open space between walls or buildings, shall be deemed to be the reconstruction or rebuilding of a barrack.

(3) Any person taking any steps to establish a barrack or to convert any premises into a barrack or to reconstruct or rebuild any existing barrack, except with the consent of the Board, shall be guilty of an offence and liable on sum- mary conviction to a fine not exceeding three thousand dollars.

156.
156.

(1) With regard to barracks existing at the com- Existing barracks.
mencement of this Act, the Board shall, in any case in which the Medical Office of Health reports that a barrack is in such a condition as to be unfit for human habitation or injurious to the health of the occupants or to the public health, or where the premises are incapable of being put in such con- dition take such proceedings as may be necessary to have the same closed: Provided that the Board may at any time order the whole or any part of any barrack to be paved or otherwise treated to their satisfaction.
(2) In case of non-compliance with the provisions of this section the procedure provided by section 23 shall apply.

PART XX 157.

(1) It shall be lawful for the Board upon peti- J'n;kay be tion from any church or denomination to direct that any assigned to a portion of a public cemetery be set aside for the burial therein denomination.

of the bodies of members of that particular church or denomination, and thereupon such portion of the public cemetery shall be set aside for such purpose.
(2) Such portion of a public cemetery shall be governed and managed under the provisions of the regulations for the time being in force for the rest of the cemetery, in respect of general management, registration of burials and fees.

98 CAP.

353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Funeral services at burials in public cemeteries.

158.
158.

At all burials in public cemeteries, the burial service according to the rites of the church or denomination to which the deceased belonged, may be performed or celebrated by the proper ministers of that church or denomination: Provided that nothing herein shall extend, or be con- strued to extend to making it necessary or compulsory that a minister of any church or denomination shall be present at any burial.

Regulations as to cemeteries.

159.


(1) The Board may make regulations as to the establishment, management, and control of cemeteries and all places used as burial grounds.
(2) The regulations may prescribe, as regards the cemeteries and burial grounds- ( a ) the manner in which they shall be laid out and the recording thereof; (b) the distances of graves from one another; ( c ) the size and depths of graves; (d) the number of bodies which may be buried in one grave; ( e ) the keeping of registers of interments; Cf) the fees to be paid for graves and in respect of burials in the cemetery, and for any copy of an entry in a register of interments; (g) in the case of public cemeteries, for disposing of the right of erecting and placing any monument, gravestone, tablet, or monumental inscription in such cemeteries; and ( h ) generally, all other matters necessary for their proper regulation.
Regulations as to interment or embalming of human corpses.

160.

(1) The Board may make regulations for- (a) preventing the interment of any human corpse in an unsuitable place, or in any place where, from the proximity of human dwelling places or otherwise, danger to the public health might arise from the interment, and LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.
353 99 for limiting the time within which interments shall take place; and ( b ) the embalming of any human corpse, the preservation in and the transportion from Antigua and Barbuda.

( 2 ) There may be attached to any breach of any regula- tion under this section, on summary conviction, a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars.

grant permission, subject to such conditions as they may think 16 1.
The Board may, on application made to them, gf;ne:rment fit to impose, to disinter the body of any person buried within - Antigua and Barbuda in order that such body may be cremated or reinterred at some other place within, or removed from, Antigua and Barbuda.
Provided that- ( a ) the applicant is by reason of kinship, connec- tion by marriage, or friendship with the deceased, or on any other grounds of whatsoever kind, a fit and proper person to make the application; ( b ) such disinterment can be effected without danger to the public health; and (c) having regard to all the circumstances of the case it is expedient to grant such permission.

162.
162.

(1) Every such permission is to be granted either Disinterment to be supervised by to the applicant, if he is able and intends to supervise the the applicant.

disinterment, or to some other person nominated by him, who is able and willing to supervise the disinterment.

( 2 ) Every such permission shall be in writing and shall state the name of the person to whom it is granted, and shall be null and void if the grantee shall not personally supervise the disinterment.
(3) I n this section the expression "disinterment" shall also include the subsequent conveyance and custody of the body within, or removed from, Antigua and Barbuda, or duly received on board a ship, boat or aeroplane in order to be exported from Antigua and Barbuda.

100 CAP.

353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Penalty for breach of conditions by applicant.

Penalty for breach of agreement by p by applicant.

ersons Penalty for disinterment without permission.

Cremation.

163.
Cremation.

163.

If any person to whom any such permission has been granted shall after the disinterment has been commenced commit any breach of any of the conditions of such permis- sion, he shall be liable on the information of the Board, on summary conviction, to imprisonment, with or without hard labour, for any period not exceeding six months, or to a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars.

164.
Every person who, having agreed with a person to whom such permission has been granted to fulfil or assist in fulfilling any of the conditions of such permission, com- mits anv breach of the agreement so far as it relates to the fulfilling or assisting in the fulfilling of any such condition, shall, unless prior to the commencement of the disinterment he gives notice of his intention not to carry out his agree- ment to such grantee, be liable on the information of the Board, on summary conviction, to imprisonment for a period not exceeding six months, or to a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars: " Provided that no information shall be laid under this section unless in the opinion of the Medical Officer of Health the breach of contract is such that it is expedient in the public interest that an information should be laid, but it shall not be necessary in any proceedings consequent on any such information for the informant to prove such opinion.
165.

Every person who, without such permission disinters the body of any person buried within Antigua and Barbuda shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months.

166.
166.

It shall be lawful for the Board to permit the burning of any human remains and to prescribe in what cases, at what places, and under what conditions any such cremation shall take place, what is to be done with the ashes, what fees are to be paid, what notices, certificates and declara- tions are to be made or given before any human remains may be burned as aforesaid.

Closure of cemeteries.

167.


Whenever it shall appear to the Cabinet, whether upon representation by the Board or otherwise, that, for the protection of the public health, burial in any cemetery LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.

353 101 shall be discontinued, it shall be lawful for the Cabinet to order that, after a time to be mentioned in the order, burials in such cemetery shall be discontinued.

168.
168.

Every person who shall, after such time as Subsequent aforesaid, bury any dead body, or in any wise act or assist unlawful.

in the burial of any dead body in such disused cemetery, shall be guilty of an offence.

burials therein 169.

If at any time hereafter a cemetery becomes Disused cemeteries.
disused, it shall be lawful for the Board to take possession thereof, and if no protest is made against such possession within six months it shall be lawful for the Board to keep the same in repair and properly fence the same or tosleal therewith in any other manner whatsoever as to them shall seem fit.

170.

For the purposes of this Part the word "body" ''Body" includes remains.

includes remains.

PART XXI 171.

Save as otherwise provided in this Act where Delegation of powers.
the Board have, by virtue of this Act, power to examine or enter any premises, they may examine or enter by any of their members, or by an officer or person authorized by them, either generally or in any particular case.

172.

(1) Except in cases otherwise specially provided General power of entry.
for in this Act, where the Board or their officers or any person acting under the Board, have power to examine or enter as aforesaid, the following provisions shall apply, that is to say- (a) the person so claiming the right to enter shall, if required produce some written document, properly authenticated on the part of the Board, showing the right of the person producing the same to enter; (b) any person refusing or failing to admit any person who is authorized and claims to enter the premises shall if- L A .
OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA CAP.
353) Public Health (i) the entry is for the purpose of carrying into effect a n order of a Magistrate, and either is stated in the said document to be for that pur- pose or is claimed by an officer of the Board to be for that purpose, or (ii) it is proved that the refusal or failure is with intent to prevent the discovery of some contra- vention of this Act, or (iii) the refusal or failure is declared by the law conferring the right of entry to render the person refusing or failing subject to a penalty, be liable to a fine not exceeding two hundred and fifty dollars.
(2) If a Magistrate is satisfied by information on oath- (a) that there is reasonable ground for such entry and that there has been a refusal or failure to admit to such premises, and either that reasonable notice of the intention to apply to a Magistrate for a warrant has been given or that the giving of notice would defeat the object of entry; or (6) that there is reasonable cause to believe that there is on the said premises some contravention of this Act, and that a n application for admission or notice of an appication for the warrant, would defeat the object of entry, the Magistrate may by warrant under his hand, authorize the Board or their officers or other persons, as the case may require, to enter the premises and if need be by force, with such assistance as they may require, and there execute their duties under this Act.
(3) Any person obstructing the execution of any such warrant shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars, or where the offence is a continuing one, to a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars for every day that the offence is continued.

(4) The warrant shall continue in force until the purpose for which the entry is necessary has been satisfied.

LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.

353 103 173.
353 103 173.

Subject to any express provisions of this Act, Obstruction.

whoever hinders or obstructs any person in discharge of a duty imposed on him by or under any authority conferred by this Act shall be guilty of an offence and liable on sum- mary conviction to a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars, or where the offence is a continuing one, to a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars for every day that the offence is continued.

174.
174.

Whosoever by any gratuity, bribe, promise or other inducement prevents or attempts to prevent, the due execution by any person of any duty imposed on him by this Act shall be guilty of an offence and liable on s z m a r y conviction to a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars, and for any subsequent offence to a fine not exceeding three thousand dollars.

175.
(1) Where the occupier of premises prevents the obstruction c owner by owner thereof from obeying or carrying into effect any pro- vision of this Act, a Magistrate on complaint, shall by order, require such occupier to permit the execution of any works which appear to him necessary for the purpose of obeying or carrying into effect the said provision; and if within twenty- four hours after service on him of the order, such occupier fails to comply therewith, he shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding two hundred and fifty dollars for every day during the con- tinuance of such non-compliance.
(2) If the occupier of any premises, when requested by or on behalf of the Board to state the name and address of the owner of the premises, refuses or wilfully omits to disclose or wilfully misstates the same, he shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding two hundred and fifty dollars.

PART XXII 5 b I 176.


Regulations made by the Board under this Act C , " $ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' " Of shall not take effect until and unless they have been approved by the Cabinet and such regulations shall be laid before Parliament for confirmation.

104 CAP.

353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Penalties for breaches of reeulations.

- 177.
- 177.

Except as in this Act expressly provided, regula- tions made under this Act may provide for the imposition on offenders against the same of 1;enalties not exceeding five hundred dollars for each offence, and in the case of a conti- nuing offence a further penalty not exceeding one hundred dollars for each day during which the offence continues.

Recovery of costs and expenses and interest.

178.
Where the Board have incurred expenses, for the payment whereof the owner of the premises for or in respkct of which the same are incurred ismade liable under this Act or by any agreement with the Board, such expenses may be recovered, together with interest at the rate not exceeding five per centum per annum from the date of service of a demand for the same till payment thereof, from any person who is the owner of such premises when the works are completed for which such expenses have been incurred, and, until recovery of such expenses and interest, the same shall be a charge on the premises in respect of which they were incurred.
Such charge shall be deemed to be prior and preferential to all existing or future charges or encumbrances thereon, save and except charges for debts due to the Crown.

Recovery of penalties and procedure.

179.

(1) All offences under this Act may be pro- secuted, and penalties, fines, forfeitures, costs and expenses incurred under this Act may be imposed or recovered in a Magistrate's Court.
(2) Any information or complaint for any offence against the provisions of this Act for the breach whereof the Board may institute proceedings, may be laid or made in the name of the Board by any officer or officers of such Board, either generally or in respect of offences against certain provisions of this Act; and any officer or officers of the Board, authorized in that behalf may conduct the proceedings before the Magistrate in all cases where the Board are complainants or defendants.

180.
180.

(1) Subject to the express provision of this Act, notices, authorities, orders and other such documents under this Act shall be in writing; and notices, authorities and documents other than orders, when issued o r given by the Board shall be sufficiently authenticated if signed by the chair- m a n or secretary of the Board or by some duly authorized officer of the Board.

Authentication of notices, etc.

LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.


353 105 (2) Orders shall be under the seal of the Board, and signed by the chairman or secretary or by some duly authorized officer of the Board.

1 1 It shall be sufficient in all cases where any service of notices, etc.
notices, orders, accounts or other documents are required to be given to or served on or delivered to the owner or occupier of any premises to address the same to such owner or occupier (as the case may be) of the premises (naming them) in respect of which such notices, orders, accounts or other documents are to be given, served or delivered, without further name or description; and if required or authorized to be given, served or delivered under this Act, may be g i v a served or delivered by delivering the same or a true copy thereof to or at the residence of the person to whom they are respectively addressed, or where addressed to the owner or occupier thereof, to some person on the premises, or, if there is no person on the premises who can be so served, by fixing the same on some conspicuous part of the premises; and they may also be served by sending the same through the post by registered letter, and such registered letter shall be deemed to have been received in the ordinary course of post as if there had been delivery thereof.
182.

Where any nuisance shall be caused by the joint Nuisance caused by, or existing act or default of two or more persons, or shall exist on the ,,, premises of premises of two or more owners, it shall be sufficient to pro- :yne;.rnore ceed against one or more of them without proceeding against the others or other of them; but nothing therein contained shall prevent the persons so proceeded against from recover- ing contribution in any case in which they would be entitled to contribution by law.

183.
183.

Subject to the express provisions of this Act pro- p;;;P,i"t; not ceedings under this Act against several persons included in one complaint shall not abate by reason of the death of any of the persons so included, but all such proceedings may be continued against the survivors or survivor as if such deceased person or persons had not been so included.

.f death.

184.
.f death.

184.

Whenever in any proceedings under this Act, ::z2fneed whether written or otherwise, it shall become necessary to mention or refer to the owner of any premises, it shall be designated.

be ,therwise 106 CAP.

353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA sufficient to designate him as the owner of such premises without name or further description.

Appeals.

Cap.

255.

185.


Any person who deems himself aggrieved by any order made by a Magistrate under this Act may, subject to the provisions of the Magistrate's Code of Procedure Act relating to appeals, and save as otherwise provided in this Act, appeal therefrom to a Judge of the High Court.

Forms.

Second Schedule.

186.

The forms contained in the Second Schedule or any forms to the like effect.
varied as circumstances mav require, may be used for the purposes of this Act, and shail be sufficient for the purpose intended.

Saving.

187.

Nothing in this Act contained shall be construed to take away, affect or diminish any right of action, or remedy by criminal proceeding, to which any person would be entitled in respect of any nuisance if this Act had not been passed.

Repeal.

188.

The Acts set forth in the Sixth Schedule are hereby repealed: Provided that- Saving of subsidiary legislation.
(a) all subsidiary legislation made under any of the said repealed Acts shall remain in full force until repealed or replaced by regulations made by virtue of this Act or any other Act; (6) (i) any reference in any of the said subsidiary legislation to the Central Board of Health or to the City Commissioners shall, unless the contrary intention appears, be con- strued to mean the Board or the members of the Board, as the case may be; and (ii) every person holding office as a member of the Central Board of Health established and constituted under the Central Board of Health (Constitution and Temporary Powers) Ordinance, 1954, as amended, immediately before the commencement of this Act shall, until the expiration of the term of office for which he was appointed LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.
353 107 o r the termination of his appointment i n any other manner mentioned i n section 4, continue to b e a n d to hold office as a member of the Board.
FIRST SCHEDULE S. 3 All that area enclosed by an imaginary line commencing at a point on the coast where the road running West of Greenbay meets the sea and thence in a Southerly direction along the western side of this road to its junction with the road leading to Union Estate; continuing along the western side of the same road, in a southerly direction towards Cooks Estate, to a point marked by a concrete beacon situated where the said road to Cooks Estate reaches a valley running East and West; running from the said beacon and following the centre of the valley to another concrete beacon situated at Grays Hill; thence in an Easterly direction to a point marked with a beacon on the Bolans road immediately bevond Nut Grove: from this beacon in a north-easterlv direction to a point on the All Saints road where the Bendals road joins a track which forms the existing boundary of Ottos Estate and along the said track to the Factory road; turning West at this junction and following the southern side of the Factory road to a point marked by a beacon at the boundary between Sunnyside paddock and St. Johnston Village; thence following the eastern boundary of the said paddock to the Parham road to a point opposite the track West of Bell Village; thence northwards along the eastern boundary of Gambles Estate to the north-eastern corner of the said Estate; thence West along the North boundary of Gambles Estate to the western side of Friars Hill road; thence North to the boundary between Friars Hill and Gambles; thence West along the said boundary to the Marble Hill road; thence in a southerlv direction to a ~ o i n t where the said road turns West towards Fort James; and finally along the southern and western side of Fort James road to that point on the sea coast immediately West of the point where the said road turns South to Fort James.
LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA CAP.

353) Public Health SECOND SCHEDULE S. 186 FORM A Form of Notice requiring abatement of nuisance T o (person causing the nuisance, or owner or occupier of the premises at which nuisance exists, as the case may be).
Take notice that under the provisions of the Public Health Act, the Central Board of Health being satisfied of the existence at (describe premises where the nuisance exists) of a nuisance being (describe the nuisance) do hereby require you within (specify time) from the service of this notice to abate the same and to execute such works and do such things as may be necessary for that purpose, or and for that purpose to (specify any works to be executed) and the said Board do hereby require you within the said period to do what is necessary for preventing the recurrence of this nuisance, etc.
(where and for that purpose to the nuisance has been abated, but is likely to recur, say) being etc.

there existed recently, to wit, satisfied that at on or about the that although day of the said nuisance has since the last mentioned day been abated, the same is likely to recur at the said premises, do hereby require you within (specify time) to do what is necessary for preventing the recurrence of the nuisance and for that purpose to, etc.
If you make default in complying with the requisitions of this notice, or if the said nuisance though abated, is likely to recur, a summons will be issued requiring your attendance before a Magistrate to answer a complaint which will be made for the purpose of enforcing the abatement of the nuisance, or prohibiting the recurrence thereof, or both, and for recovering the costs and penalties that may be incurred thereby.

Dated this day of 19 .

F O R M B Form of Nuisance Order A.B.


T o (or to the owner thereof) (describe premises) situated (insert such description of the situation as may be sufficient to identify the premises).

of Whereas the said A.B.

(or owner or occupier of the said premises within the meaning of the Public Health Act) has this LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health ( C A P .

353 109 etc.

etc.
353 109 etc.

etc.

that at day appeared before me to answer the matter of a complaint made (follow by the words of the complaint in summons) (or in case the party charg- ed do not appear, say) whereas it has now been proved to my satisfaction that a summons has been duly served according to the Public Health Act, requiring the said A.B.

(or the owner or occupier of the said premises) to appear this day before me to answer the matter of a complaint made by that etc.
etc., (Any of the following orders may be made or a combination of any of them as the case seems to require).

Now on proof here had before me that the nuisance so com- plained of does exist at the said premises (add, where the order is made on the person causing the nuisance) and that the same is caused by the act, default or sufferance of A.B.

I, in pursuance of the Public Health Act, do order the said A.B.
(or the said owner or occupier) within (specify the time) from the service of this order according to the said Act (here specify the nuisance to be abated and state any works to be executed).

And I, being satisfied that notwithstanding the said nuisance Prohibition Order may be temporarily abated under this Order, the same is likely to recur, do therefore prohibit the said A.B.
(or the said owner or occupier) from allowing the recurrence of the said or a like nuisance and for that purpose I direct the said A.B.

(or the said owner or occupier) (here specify any works to be executed).

Now on proof here had before me that at or recently before Prohibition Order ' No.
2. the time of making the said complaint, to wit, on the nuisance so complained of did exist at the said premises but that the same has since been abated (add where the nuisance order is made on the person causing the nuisance) and that the nuisance was caused by the act, default, or sufferance of A.B.

yet not- withstanding such abatement, I, being satisfied that it is likely that the same or the like nuisance will recur at the said premises, do therefore prohibit (continue as in Prohibition Order No.

1).
1).

Now on proof here had before me that the nuisance is such Closing Order " as to render the dwelling house (describe the house) situated at (insert such a description of the situation as may be sufficient to identify the dwelling house) unfit in my judgment for human habitation, I, in pursuance of the Public Health Act, do hereby prohibit the use of the said dwelling house for human habitation.

Dated this day of Magistrate.

110 C A P .


353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA FORM C Form of Nuisance Order to be executed by the Board To : he Central Board of Health Whereas a complaint has been made by that at a certain premises situated at the following nuisance exists (describe the nuisance).
And it has now been proved to my satisfaction that such nuisance exists but that no owner or occupier of the premises or person by whose act, default or sufferance the nuisance is caused, is known or can be found (as the case may be): Now, I , in pur- suance of the Public Health Act, do (continue as in any of the orders in Form B with the substitution of the name Board for that of A.B.

or the owner or occupier).

Dated this day of Magistrate.


T H I R D SCHEDULE Milk-Borne Diseases Enteric fever (including typhoid and paratyphoid fevers) Dysentery Diphtheria Scarlet fever Acute inflammation of the throat Gastro-enteritis Undulant fever.

FOURTH SCHEDULE Baker Barber, or any other similar trade or calling in which the person employed necessarily comes in contact with other persons.

LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.

353 11 1 Boatman and stevedores or any boat carrying passengers or cargo.

Butcher.
Butcher.

Cook, or any trade or calling in which the person employed handles or comes in contact with articles of food or drink, drugs, medicines or tobacco in any form.

Dairyman, or any situation or calling in which the person employed comes in contact with cows or other animals kept for the purpose of furnishing milk.

Domestic Servant.

Fishmonger.

Makers for sale of baskets, mats, hats and other straw goods.

Nurse.
Nurse.

Tailor, dressmaker or any trade or calling in which the person employed manufactures, handles or comes in contact with wearing apparel.

FIFTH SCHEDULE Offensive Trades Blood or offal boiling or treating Bone boiling or crushing Candle making, where tallow is rendered on the premises Chemical and acid making Fellmongering Slaughtering Soap boiling Tanning Gut scraping Glue making Manure manufacturing The collection of house and street refuse.

112 CAP.
112 CAP.

353) Public Health LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA S I X T H S C H E D U L E S. 188 No.

and Year.

Short Title Extent of repeal.
311874 Vaccination Act, 1874 The whole Act 1011874 Sale of Bread Act, 1874 611884 Sale of Milk Act, 1884 511888 Act to prevent Diseases, 1888 the spread of Infectious 211893 Parham Market Act, 1893 1911895 City Improvement Act, 1895 711902 Country Health Ordinance, 1902 111907 St. John's City Ordinance, 1907 7 , , , , , Sections 1, 2, 13, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35 Sections 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 18, 19, 23, 24, 26, 28, 29, 30, 30A, 31, 33 1411910 Closure of Cemeteries Ordinance, 1910 The whole Ordinance 221 1922 St. John's City Ordinance, 1907, Amendment Ordinance, 1922 1411923 St. John's City (Amendment) Ordinance, 1923 611926 Burial Grounds Ordinance, 1926 , , ,, 1411928 District Medical Officers (Government Fees Section 3 Abolition) Ordinance, 1928 LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Public Health (CAP.
353 113 S I X T H S C H E D U L E (contd) S. 188 No.

and Year.

Short Title Extent of repeal.
Country Health Ordinance, 1902, Amend- The whole Ordinance ment Ordinance, 1921 Country Health (Amendment) Ordinance, 1934 Vaccination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1937 , > - >, St. John's City (Amendment) Ordinance, 1937 Country Health (Amendment) Ordinance, 1943 St. John's City Council Ordinance, 1947 St. John's City Council (Amendment) Ordi- nance, 1947 Central Board of Health (Constitution and Temporary Powers) Ordinance, 1954 Central Board of Health (Constitution and Temporary Powers) (Amendment) Ordi- nance, 1955.
7 , > > 2 > >, , > , ,