Recurrent rhabdomyolysis in association with cocaine use. As the popularity of cocaine increases in our society, so does the frequency and variety of medical complications associated with its use. A growing number of cases have implicated cocaine use in the development of rhabdomyolysis and its complication, acute renal failure. We have reported the first case of recurrent rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure directly associated with cocaine use. Although adulterants might cause muscle damage, we believe cocaine should be added to the list of drugs that are capable of producing rhabdomyolysis. 