Patent ID: 9624592
Date: 2017-04-18
CPC Classifications: C25D,H01L

Claim:
1. An electroplating apparatus comprising: (a) an electroplating chamber configured to contain an electrolyte and an anode while electroplating metal onto a substrate, the substrate being substantially planar; (b) a substrate holder configured to hold the substrate such that a plating face of the substrate is separated from the anode during electroplating; (c) an ionically resistive element including a substrate-facing surface that is separated from the plating face of the substrate by a gap of about 10 mm or less, wherein the ionically resistive element is at least coextensive with the plating face of the substrate during electroplating, the ionically resistive element adapted to provide ionic transport through the element during electroplating; (d) a cross flow injection manifold at least partially defined by a cavity in the ionically resistive element, wherein the cross flow injection manifold is arc-shaped and positioned proximate a periphery of the substrate; (e) a cross flow confinement ring positioned proximate the periphery of the substrate and positioned at least partially between the ionically resistive element and the substrate holder, wherein the cross flow confinement ring at least partially defines a side of the gap; (f) an inlet to the gap for introducing electrolyte to the gap, wherein the inlet receives electrolyte from the cross flow injection manifold; and (g) an outlet to the gap for receiving electrolyte flowing in the gap, wherein the inlet and outlet are positioned proximate azimuthally opposing perimeter locations on the plating face of the substrate during electroplating, and wherein the inlet and outlet are adapted to generate cross-flowing electrolyte in the gap to create or maintain a shearing force on the plating face of the substrate during electroplating.