Patent ID: 9624126
Date: 2017-04-18
CPC Classifications: C03C,H05B

Claim:
1. A heating element comprising a transparent substance; a plurality of conductive heating lines provided in a pattern on at least one side of the transparent substance, the pattern covering 90% or more of the entire area of the transparent substance and forming a boundary of figures that form a Voronoi diagram such that an average distance between adjacent intersection points on a straight line intersecting—a single conductive heating line at least at 80 points has a standard deviation of between 20% and 100%; and bus bars that are electrically connected to the plurality of conductive heating lines, wherein the plurality of conductive heating lines minimize diffraction and interference such that a light intensity, which is measured when the light emitted from a light source that is disposed at a distance of 7 m from the heating element passes through the heating element for every 5° in a circumferential direction of the light source, has a maximum standard deviation of 15, wherein the plurality of conductive heating lines minimize diffraction and interference such that a light transmittance of the heating element with respect to a predetermined circle that has a diameter of 20 cm has a maximum standard deviation of 5%, wherein the conductive heating lines are provided at an interval of 50 micrometers to 0.65 mm, wherein a line width of the plurality of conductive heating lines is between 5 micrometers to 100 micrometers, and a height of the plurality of conductive heating lines from the surface of the transparent substance is in the range of 1 to 100 micrometers, and wherein an opening ratio of the plurality of conductive heating lines is 70% or more, the opening ratio being the ratio of an area of the transparent substance that is not covered with the pattern or irregularly distributed closed figures divided by the overall area, and wherein the plurality of conductive heating lines forming a pattern of irregularly distributed closed figures are configured to have a surface resistance of 5 ohm/square or less, and a heating amount of 100 to 500 W per m