Patent ID: 9733583
Date: 2017-08-15
CPC Classifications: G03G

Claim:
1. A toner, comprising a toner particle having a surface layer, the surface layer comprising an organosilicon polymer having a partial structure represented by formula (1): where R a ratio of a peak area for the partial structure represented by formula (1) to a total peak area for the organosilicon polymer is 5.0% or more in a a ratio of a destiny of a silicon dSi to a total density (dC+dO+dSi) of a density of a carbon atom dC, a density of an oxygen atom dO, and a density of the silicon atom dSi in the surface of the toner particle is 1.0to 28.6 atom % in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis of a surface of the toner particle, and an arithmetic average roughness Ra is 10 to 300 nm, σRa/Ra is 0.60 or less when a standard deviation of Ra is σRa, an average length RSm of a roughness curve element is 20 to 500 nm, and σRSm/RSm is 0.60 or less when a standard deviation of RSm is σRSm in a roughness curve of the toner particle measured by using a scanning probe microscope, with a proviso that Ra and RSm are defined by JIS B 0601-2001.