Patent ID: 9645518
Date: 2017-05-09
CPC Classifications: G03G

Claim:
1. A toner, comprising toner particles, each of which has a surface layer containing an organosilicon polymer, wherein the organosilicon polymer has a partial structure represented by the following formula (T3), wherein R denotes an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a phenyl group, wherein the surface layer has an average thickness Dav. of 5.0 nm or more and 150.0 nm or less as measured by observing a cross section of each of the toner particles with a transmission electron microscope (TEM), and the toner has a ratio (ASi/AC) of 20.00 or more in mapping measurement by focused-ion-beam time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (FIB-TOF-SIMS), wherein ASi denotes ISi/I, AC denotes IC/I, ISi denotes an intensity of silicon ions, IC denotes an intensity of carbon ions, and I denotes the number of primary ions, the silicon ions and carbon ions being emitted from the toner particles in response to irradiation of the toner particles with the primary ions, and a concentration of silicon elements on a surface of the toner particles is 5.0 atomic percent or more as measured by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA).