Patent ID: 9314567
Filing Date: 2016-04-19
CPC Classification: A61K,A61M,F04B,Y10T

Claim Text:
1. A direct current electro-osmotic pump comprising: a porous, platinum-free, carbon-based cathode; a porous, platinum-free carbon anode; and a porous ceramic membrane between the cathode and the anode having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, wherein the porous ceramic membrane comprises vitreous ceramic spheres from about 0.1 μm to about 10 μm in diameter selected from the group consisting of uncoated silica spheres, spheres comprising oxides of silicon and phosphorus, spheres comprising oxides of silicon and boron, and combinations thereof, wherein at least a part of the first surface of the membrane is in physical contact with the anode, and at least a part of the second surface is in physical contact with the cathode, and wherein the pump is configured to operate at a potential difference (V) between the anode and the cathode of V≦3 volts without producing bubbles visible to a naked eye.