Patent ID: 9500973
Filing Date: 2016-11-22
CPC Classification: G03G

Claim Text:
1. A toner comprising toner particles, each including: the core contains a binder resin, the binder resin has an amino group or an amine group or an amide group, and a sulfur compound, the shell layer contains a nitrogen-containing thermosetting resin and a sulfur-containing resin, the nitrogen-containing thermosetting resin is a melamine resin, the sulfur-containing resin is a copolymer of sodium vinyl sulfonate and sodium acrylate or a copolymer of sodium styrene sulfonate and hydroxyethyl methacrylate, for at least 80% by number of the toner particles, along at least 80% of a circumferential length of a cross-section of the toner particle, the shell layer has a thickness of at least 5 nm and satisfies a condition that a ratio of INc relative to INs is at least 0.0 and no greater than 0.2, for at least 80% by number of the toner particles, along at least 80% of the circumferential length of the cross-section of the toner particle, the shell layer has a thickness of at least 5 nm and satisfies a condition that a ratio of ISc relative to ISs is at least 0.0 and no greater than 0.2, the INs indicates an intensity of a K shell absorption-edge originating from nitrogen atoms in the nitrogen-containing thermosetting resin in the shell layer in an electron energy loss spectrum obtained through measurement of the cross-section of the toner particle by electron energy loss spectroscopy, the INc indicates an average value of intensities of K shell absorption-edges originating from nitrogen atoms in the binder resin in electron energy loss spectra obtained through measurement by electron energy loss spectroscopy with respect to randomly selected 100 positions in a region corresponding to the core in the cross-section of the toner particle, the ISs indicates an intensity of a K shell absorption-edge originating from sulfur atoms in the sulfur-containing resin in the shell layer in an electron energy loss spectrum obtained through measurement of the cross-section of the toner particle by electron energy loss spectroscopy, and the ISc indicates an average value of intensities of K shell absorption-edges originating from sulfur atoms in the binder resin in electron energy loss spectra obtained through measurement by electron energy loss spectroscopy with respect to randomly selected 100 positions in a region corresponding to the core in the cross-section of the toner particle.