Patent ID: 9263170
Filing Date: 2016-02-16
CPC Classification: H01B,H05B

Claim Text:
1. A composite material comprising: a mixture of carbonaceous material including carbon and graphite in a pre-defined ratio and greater than 1 micron in particle size, an essentially non-conductive film-forming thermoplastic polymer matrix product defining vapor passage holes after the product is formed, the carbonaceous material after intermixture within the thermoplastic polymer matrix product comprises at least two diverse conductive carbon forms differing by composition, microstructure, size, shape and morphology and dispersed homogeneously in the matrix product forming a composite material to provide a stable electrical resistance heating capability and intrinsic physical stability, wherein the carbonaceous material comprises from 30% to 50% of the overall solid material dry weight; the composite material forming a high multiplicity of separate low micro-amperage paths through it in x, y, z dimensions aggregating to adequate amperage for heating, and wherein the high multiplicity of separate low micro-amperage paths substantially maintain electrical and physical properties in the presence of water passing through the vapor passage holes and a dispersing agent compatibilizer isopropyl, tri (N-ethylenediamino) ethyl titanate between 0.1% to 0.8% by weight of the mixture added and mixed with the carbonaceous material at low shear rates to avoid over-compounding, the dispersing agent for assisting to disperse carbon aggregates with a complete or near complete dispersion of the carbon and graphite in the composite material and into individual particles to produce uniform and predictable results in electrical properties, and when electricity is passed through the mixture a predictable heating profile of the composite material is created, wherein a constant resistance is provided by the composite material and constant voltage produces a constant temperature by the composite material as resistance of the composite remains constant even with changing temperature; to provide a self-regulated heating material and wherein a predictable heating profile is created in the composite material by varying the carbon and graphite types and the pre-defined ratio.