Patent ID: 11936051
Assignee: THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY
Field: Electrical machinery, apparatus, energy (Electrical engineering)
Classification: CPC H  C  Y | IPC C  H

Claim 0:
1. A catalyst structure comprising:
a substrate;
a catalyst layer on the substrate, wherein the catalyst layer comprises a platinum group metal and has an average thickness of 8 nm or less; and
an adhesion layer disposed between the substrate and the catalyst layer, wherein the adhesion layer has an average thickness of 3 nm or less and comprises at least one of a metal oxide or a metalloid oxide, the metal oxide or metalloid oxide having oxygen vacancies;
wherein
the adhesion layer comprises an intermixed region comprising an alloy of the platinum group metal and metal atoms from the metal oxide or metalloid oxide, wherein the platinum group metal occupies at least some of the oxygen vacancies; and
wherein the intermixed region has a concentration gradient of the platinum group metal, wherein the platinum group metal in the intermixed region has a maximum concentration at an interface of the adhesion layer and the catalyst layer and a minimum concentration at 1 nm or less from an interface of the adhesion layer and the substrate.