Patent ID: 11916221
Assignee: NANOGRAF CORPORATION
Field: Electrical machinery, apparatus, energy (Electrical engineering)
Classification: CPC H  C  Y | IPC C  H

Claim 7:
8. An electrode, comprising:
capsules comprising graphene, reduced graphene oxide, graphene oxide, or a combination thereof;
active material particles disposed inside of the capsules, the active material particles comprising silicon particles surrounded by a buffer layer comprising an oxide, a silicate, or a combination thereof; and
a binder;
wherein:
the binder comprises polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), poly(acrylic) acid, polyethylenetetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), polyamides, and polyimides, polyethylene (UHMW), styrene-butadiene rubber, cellulose, polyacrylate rubber, or a mixture thereof; and
the electrode has an internal porosity that ranges from about 40 percent to about 60 percent, as measured by the equation:, Internal
    ⁢
    
      
    
    ⁢
    
      Porosity
      ⁡
      
        (
        %
        )
      
    
  
  =
  
    1
    -
    
      (
      
        
          measured
          ⁢
          
            
          
          ⁢
          density
        
        
          theoretical
          ⁢
          
            
          
          ⁢
          density
        
      
      )
    
  

where the measured density is calculated by dividing the mass of a dried electrode by its volume, and the theoretical density is the density of the electrochemically active material that is 100 percent dense.