---
library_name: sentence-transformers
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- feature-extraction
- sentence-similarity
- transformers
language:
- en
datasets:
- stsbenchmark
widget:
- source_sentence: "The cat is watching out of the window"
  sentences:
    - "That is a happy dog"
    - "That is a very funny person"
    - "A cat stands by the window and looks outside"
  example_title: "Example Cat"
---

# ciCic/distilbert-base-uncased-sts-2d-matryoshka

This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model: It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768 dimensional dense vector space and can be used for tasks like clustering or semantic search.
Uses [Matryoshka Representation Learning](https://huggingface.co/blog/matryoshka) to train a strong embedding model!

<!--- Describe your model here -->

## Usage (Sentence-Transformers)

Using this model becomes easy when you have [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) installed:

```
pip install -U sentence-transformers
```

Then you can use the model like this:

```python
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
sentences = ["This is an example sentence", "Each sentence is converted"]

model = SentenceTransformer('ciCic/distilbert-base-uncased-sts-2d-matryoshka')
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings)
```



## Usage (HuggingFace Transformers)
Without [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net), you can use the model like this: First, you pass your input through the transformer model, then you have to apply the right pooling-operation on-top of the contextualized word embeddings.

```python
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel
import torch


#Mean Pooling - Take attention mask into account for correct averaging
def mean_pooling(model_output, attention_mask):
    token_embeddings = model_output[0] #First element of model_output contains all token embeddings
    input_mask_expanded = attention_mask.unsqueeze(-1).expand(token_embeddings.size()).float()
    return torch.sum(token_embeddings * input_mask_expanded, 1) / torch.clamp(input_mask_expanded.sum(1), min=1e-9)


# Sentences we want sentence embeddings for
sentences = ['This is an example sentence', 'Each sentence is converted']

# Load model from HuggingFace Hub
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('ciCic/distilbert-base-uncased-sts-2d-matryoshka')
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained('ciCic/distilbert-base-uncased-sts-2d-matryoshka')

# Tokenize sentences
encoded_input = tokenizer(sentences, padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors='pt')

# Compute token embeddings
with torch.no_grad():
    model_output = model(**encoded_input)

# Perform pooling. In this case, mean pooling.
sentence_embeddings = mean_pooling(model_output, encoded_input['attention_mask'])

print("Sentence embeddings:")
print(sentence_embeddings)
```



## Evaluation Results

<!--- Describe how your model was evaluated -->

For an automated evaluation of this model, see the *Sentence Embeddings Benchmark*: [https://seb.sbert.net](https://seb.sbert.net?model_name=ciCic/distilbert-base-uncased-sts-2d-matryoshka)


## Training
The model was trained with the parameters:

**DataLoader**:

`torch.utils.data.dataloader.DataLoader` of length 360 with parameters:
```
{'batch_size': 16, 'sampler': 'torch.utils.data.sampler.RandomSampler', 'batch_sampler': 'torch.utils.data.sampler.BatchSampler'}
```

**Loss**:

`sentence_transformers.losses.Matryoshka2dLoss.Matryoshka2dLoss` with parameters:
  ```
  {'loss': 'CoSENTLoss', 'n_layers_per_step': 1, 'last_layer_weight': 1.0, 'prior_layers_weight': 1.0, 'kl_div_weight': 1.0, 'kl_temperature': 0.3, 'matryoshka_dims': [768, 512, 256, 128, 64], 'matryoshka_weights': [1, 1, 1, 1, 1], 'n_dims_per_step': 1}
  ```

Parameters of the fit()-Method:
```
{
    "epochs": 4,
    "evaluation_steps": 1000,
    "evaluator": "sentence_transformers.evaluation.EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator.EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator",
    "max_grad_norm": 1,
    "optimizer_class": "<class 'torch.optim.adamw.AdamW'>",
    "optimizer_params": {
        "lr": 2e-05
    },
    "scheduler": "WarmupLinear",
    "steps_per_epoch": null,
    "warmup_steps": 144,
    "weight_decay": 0.01
}
```


## Full Model Architecture
```
SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: DistilBertModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
)
```

## Citing & Authors
- Matryoshka Embeddings — Sentence-Transformers documentation. (n.d.). https://sbert.net/examples/training/matryoshka/README.html
- UKPLab. (n.d.). GitHub. https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers
- Unboxing Nomic Embed v1.5: Resizable Production Embeddings with Matryoshka Representation Learning. (n.d.). https://blog.nomic.ai/posts/nomic-embed-matryoshka
<!--- Describe where people can find more information -->