In the preferred embodiment, the controller 8 is a digital computer which is programmed to control the angular position of portion 16B with respect to portion 16A (and thus the position of source 12). The image data processor 10 is also preferably a digital computer programmed to the process data produced by the detector 14 in response to incident x-rays. Such a processor 10 can, in addition, function to control the emission of x-rays from source 12 such as by techniques known in the art. In other embodiments, a single programmed computer may perform the functions of both controller 8 and processor 10.


As noted above, the detector 14 in the preferred embodiment is a planar, or flat-field, detector including a two dimensional planar array of x-ray detection elements or pixels. Each of those pixel elements may include a scintillator element (which is responsive to incident x-rays to produce light photons) and a photodiode, which in turn produces a digitized signal representation of the x-ray flux incident on the scintillator element of that detector element. Other types of digital x-ray detectors may be used, flat or curved. Each of the pixel elements is interrogated by the processor 10 to provide at processor 10 digital data representative of the distribution of x-ray intensities at the image plane IP. Preferably, the pixel elements of detector 14 are part of a small geometry integrated circuit array, so that a high resolution image representation may be obtained. In alternative embodiments, either a charge coupled device (CCD) or a direct digital detector (converts x-rays directly to digital signals) can be used.


The digital image processor 10 may be a conventional digital computer programmed to perform the transformations described below. FIG. 4 shows an exemplary configuration of a similar computer 10'. Specifically, the computer 10' of FIG. 4 includes a digital arithmetic unit 21, digital image memory 22, a x-ray controller 24, and digital disk storage 26. The digital arithmetic unit 21 interfaces with digital image data 28; while the controller 24 interfaces with actuator 30, FIG. 3, driving the support structure so as to move the source 12 to correct angular locations. The computer 10 can further include a display section 10a; or it can command video on a separate monitor 10b. The controller 24 can also be connected to drive other devices, such as a multiformat camera 10c; and the controller 24 can further command and control irradiation by the x-ray source such as through control signals 29.


FIG. 5 shows an operational representation of the system 10 of FIG. 4 controlling the irradiation of the object 20 and image plane IP with x-ray radiation generated by the source 12. As shown in FIG. 5, the angle φ is given by the angle of the support arm 16B, FIG. 3, relative to the perpendicular to the image plane IP. In contrast, for any given point J(x,z) in the object 20, an angle θ is defined as the angle of the x-rays intersecting the point J(x,z) relative to the perpendicular to the image plane IP. The angle θ is a function of φ, x, and z, and is given by: ##EQU1## where x and z correspond to axes in the plane of source rotation, and where L and D are defined in FIG. 5. From this angle θ, the point xi is the projection of the object point J(x,z) onto the image plane IP: ##EQU2## xi (φ,x,z) is thus the image point formed by x-rays emitted from an x-ray tube that is moved by rotation along arc C about the axis P. With this type of motion, the perpendicular distance of the focal spot from the image plane depends on the angle φ. This is in contrast to images that are formed based on the Twinning principle, where the focal spot moves in a horizontal source plane SP parallel to the image plane IP. Thus, points in the object are magnified by a function not only of the position, but also of the angle φ: ##EQU3##


With rotation of the x-ray tube along arc C, the magnification of object points varies with φ. Therefore, a tomosynthetic reconstruction of an object plane defined by z=(a constant) cannot be accomplished by simply shifting the image points by a function of z, as may be done with images formed by the Twinning principle. In accordance with the invention, the image that is formed by rotation of the tube is transformed to construct a new image that approximates that which would have been formed if the focal spot were moved in a source plane SP parallel to the image plane IP i.e. along broken line SP as shown in FIG. 5. This new image data is utilized to reconstruct a tomographic plane in the object by a simple shifting and addition of image data sets.


More particularly, if the x-ray source 12 were rotated by an angle φ, but constrained to remain in the horizontal plane a distance (L+D) from the image--such as shown by source positions 12'--then the angle of the x-rays intersecting an object point would be given by: ##EQU4## From Eq. 4, the image point xi ', which would be the projection of the object point J(x,z) from SP onto the image plane IP, is given by: ##EQU5##


In accordance with the invention, the x-ray gantry thus produces images with image points as defined by Eq. 2. For every xi in the image, a known value of φ is used with a selected z to determine an object point x from Eq. 2. The values of φ, x, and z are then applied to Eq. 5 to determine a value for xi ' in the new image. The set of new images produced are then utilized to reconstruct a tomographic plane OP at z by a simple linear shifting process analogous to the Twinning method.


The technique for construction of a new set of images for each desired tomographic plane results in a small distortion of image information for structures outside the plane OP. This is because the x-ray paths through the object 20 that occur with rotation of the focal spot about an axis P are slightly different from those that occur when the focal spot is moved within a horizontal plane. The magnitude of the distortion increases with the distance from the reconstructed plane, and also increases with the distance from the central axis of the image, i.e., where x=0. The distortion for all points that lie exactly on the reconstructed plane OP is zero. For purposes of illustration, assume an imaging system of the invention is constructed with values of L=44 cm, D=22 cm, φ=15°, and with a reconstructed plane z=4 cm above the image plane. For a reconstructed plane at x=10 cm, the maximal distortion for an object positioned 5 cm above the reconstructed is approximately 195 microns. Since the linear tomographic shift for this imaging geometry is approximately 7,606 microns, this distortion corresponds 2.5% of the tomographic shift. Thus, the magnitude of the distortion caused by creation of the new image is small compared to the amount of linear shift utilized for the tomographic reconstruction. For this reason, distortion produced by the invention does not have a significant effect on the tomographic image quality.


The invention is thus particularly useful in imaging breasts utilizing a full field digital mammography system. Tomosynthesis in this manner allows reconstruction of "in-focus" tomographic planes at any level in the breast. The radiation dose is low and comparable to a single-view conventional mammogram. Preliminary results indicate that the visibility of masses is increased with tomosynthesis according to the invention. Tomosynthesis of the invention further has the potential to improve the specificity of mammography with improved lesion margin visibility and to improve early breast cancer detection, especially for women with radiographically dense breasts.


In particular, the invention provides advantages which allow the radiologist to see through "structured noise" of normal breast tissue so as to improve detection and characterization of the breast cancer. In conventional film-screen tomography, the x-ray source and the film-screen detector move in opposite directions, so that only features in one plane of the image remain in sharp focus. In the tomosynthesis methods of the invention, such as shown in FIG. 6, multiple images are acquired as the x-ray tube, i.e., the "source" 60, is moved in an are 61 above the stationary breast 62


1256686  generated client side (I’d hope), but unless all the stuff is coded in JavaScript, I assume the ACME communication is server side (e.g., PHP et cetera).


Actually they are or should be (I can’t speak for others) And the document actually recognizes that too, because if the comms were handled via server-side backend, mentioning CORS would make no sense. I believe we have deviated though - my point there was mostly to highlight that in case of browser-based clients there would be no reliable stats based on the User-Agent.


Recently, I got a SSL certificate from “Let’s Encrypt”. I put my ‘https’ website through the observatory.mozilla.org set of tests and I got a wide range of results: from “F” to “A+”.


I have used advice given to me on this forum and after adding “HSTS" rules to my .htaccess file, my test results improved (“E” to “A+”). Then, I also added “Content-Security-Policy”, but that did not change my ratings any further.


So, my question is whether “Content-Security-Policy” rules can be implemented by way of .htaccess file, or must they be implemented server-wide to take effect? Same question applies to “X-Frame Options”, “X-XSS-Protection”, “X-Content-Type-Options”, “Referrer-Policy” and “Public-Key-Pins”?


(…) can be implemented by way of .htaccess file, or must they be implemented server-wide to take effect?


I would say you should implement those headers site-wide. Obviously, if you manage all the sites on the server and would like to implement the same headers for all sites, you can implement them server-wide.


Public key pinning isn’t something you should “just do”, because it can make your site unusable. For example, the default behaviour of the certbot client is to use a different keypair for every certificate. Thus, if you would only pin the end leaf certificate (which isn’t advisable in the first place) and you would renew your certificate, your site would be unusable for clients implementing public key pinning.


Obviously, if you manage all the sites on the server and would like to implement the same headers for all sites, you can implement them server-wide.


I forgot to mention that I am just an amateur website-builder. I got nothing to do with server managing (besides uploading/deleting files in my own domain space on the server). That’s why I would be happiest if I could use my .htaccess file to implement all those security headers.[quote=“Osiris, post:2, topic:30590”]


Thanks for this warning. I will probably stop implementation when I get the most important headers in place (HSTS, Content-Security-Policy and X-Frame-Options).


I’d like to proudly mention that my latest security measures moved my score on the Observatory up from “E” to “A+”.


My warmest “thank you” to all members of this forum who helped me understand what I was doing and why…


EDIT: I should add that all my security rules are included in my .htaccess file, so they do not affect other sites on the same shared-hosting plan.


HI, just signed up to unlimited fibre and shocked to find an upload speed of only 1.72mbps -this should be much better on fibre? What can I do to improve this?


I'm not getting the minimum -3 minutes to upload 5 photos is very slow -Plusnet support -will you be fixing this?


Looking at your account you are on the Unlimited Fibre package which has an up to 40Mb download speed and 2Mb upload speed, the slow uploads with these pictures could possibly be due to the pictures being of higher quality, do you have the file sizes available?


HI, the photos are 6.38mb -nothing special size wise. The reason I left my slow TALKTalk service was I expected better upload speeds on fibre compared to normal. I'm seeing no difference whatsoever.


What package do I need to have an improvement or can this be improved -I dont think I'm even getting the 2mgb speed


I don't think I've ever seen a post why the 10Mbps upload cap was reduced to 2Mbps on new contracts.


These days lot's of people store photos in the cloud and with modern digital cameras producing 2Mb+ images this upload cap is ridiculous.


The restriction is Plusnets not BT's when they reduced it they said it was to match Talk Talk who they were trying to compete with Talk Talk at the time also only offered 2Mb upload they since changed that to 10Mb like everyone else yet Plusnet has refused to join in no idea why.


I know within RSA SecurID Access you have the ability to use an LDAP filter to limit the scope of the actual users. Is there the ability to connect to a Global Catalog as an Identity Source while using an LDAP filter for the on-prem Authentication Manager solution? Typically you can specify the OU where user accounts would exists, however when using a Global Catalog, there will not be a single OU where all users would exist. Since there could be multiple forests/domains, there will be several OUs for user accounts.


I would also like to avoid bringing in service accounts, test account, or any non-human account as they would not be "identities". If I have a unified attribute that can distinctly identify a true user account, using an LDAP filter against this attribute would best resolve this issue.


Maybe kinda. If you flag an Identity Source as a Global Catalog in Authentication Manager you must have created and linked an Administrative Identity Source first, and the AM flagged GC is only used during Authentication lookups, not for Security console Administrative tasks.


And in the Map settings you can get creative, may too creative, by your combination of Base URL and User / Group Search filters. Though it might be easier if your regular users are in an ou but your service, test and non-human accounts were not under this ou.


Current limits are 29 external Identity Sources though some users skirt this by either using a meta directory like Radiant logic or doing what you are considering..You just have to test this all, try to avoid duplicates, then test again


Thanks for your reply Jay Guillette! So, for a little more context, we have an environment that contains several Domains (and I mean several!), thus why I was wanting to look into using the Global Catalog as the only identity source. Obviously, using the GC will flatten all of the domains and there will no longer be a single OU where all identities would live. We do have some attributes to leverage within an LDAP filter to bring in only the actual users (avoiding non-human accounts).


Everything above is pretty straight forward and your info validates that. My follow-up question and concern around you mentioning to use the GC identity source only for authentication and creating a separate Admin Identity Source for Security Console Roles. Is this due to a limitation of using a GC as an Identity Source? Or was that just a design example decision?


The GC seems to be the correct path, I just want to make sure. Also, the service account that would connect to the GC would have the correct permissions to touch all of the underlining domains (all identities would be unique). So, using a VDS (i.e. RadiantLogic) might not really solve much for us.


you described the following scenario: "Some customers point their Admin Identity source to a GC, based on Port, not on the setting."


I also did some tests within this configuration and it works so far. But I have some questions about that configuration. It will be very useful if you could answer these questions:


2. if we can configure the global catalog by port and not by setting, what is the difference to the "normal" configuration (one global catalog as identity store and one DC as identity store authenticating against the global catalog), besides the fact that having not all user credentials in the global catalog?


I had a nice return last year on normal equities. I'd ordinarily leave the shares as-is, but I haven't maxed out my pension contributions. If I sold and moved money across, would I be taxed?


Taking money out would normally generate a tax bill, but I assume putting it into a pension would offer relief. Anyone know? (My accountant doesn't.)


Thanks Simon. 100% agree on tax event, but income contributed to a pension fund brings relief on the tax. Does it apply to e.g. only salary and not investment income?


ah, I see the trick. Not sure. Firstly depends on if it income of capital in nature. The limit is 27.5% or R350k, whichever smaller. I would think that it you use those figures on salary not investment you safe But if you want to include investments as income, than yip I also no idea.


Theoretically retirement offer tax relief. Just wait until you cash out 1/3 of your retirement and receive the balance as monthly income. It will all go back to SARS........


If you sell shares owend in your own name then there is a CGT disposal - unless I am missing/missed something? Subject to income you can compensate for these gains via your income tax relief on your RA


1256687 �Streaming quotes or real time market data is available to all our customers” Investors sitting at home in their basement now have the same access as those working on a trading floor.


If you’re thinking about managing your own portfolio and perhaps dabbling in day trading, here are a few things to consider before you start. Read more here: Day Trading: How to make it rewarding, not risky.


I think day trading can be a good way to achieve financial success. Yet, seeking advice and proper training is necessary for better results.


Some of the more commonly day-traded financial instruments are stocks, option trading, currencies, and a host of futures contracts such as equity index futures, interest rate futures, and commodity futures.


I think day trading is more complicated than forex affiliate. Forex market is open 24 hours a day every weekend.


Stock options trading is one of the most commonly day-traded financial instruments as well. However, it is important to consider a lot of factors before dabbling in day trading. This will prevent you from losing your hard-earned money.


I currently sit as a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, as well as an alternate member of the Agriculture and Rural Development Committee. I work to influence legislation in these areas and ensure that any new developments suit Scotland’s needs.


Since my re-election in 2014, I’ve been serving as a full member of the Foreign Affairs Committee. As you might guess, this is a key player in the design and implementation of the EU’s foreign policy, deciding on the way European funds are used to promote the EU’s interests and values abroad. The committee closely monitors the performance of other EU institutions, particularly the European Commission.


Including my time as an alternate member, I’ve been on the Agricultural Committee since January 2007. Since then, I’ve been working on topics such as meat imports, electronic tagging and attempting to tackle the unfair power dynamics between farmers and retailers.


Due to the nature of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and the large percentage of EU budget that it takes up, this committee is one of the European Union's most powerful. Also, the decisions that it makes affect all of us, whether through food prices or the development of our rural areas.


As someone who grew up in both Saudi Arabia and Scotland, it is an honour to be a full member of both the Delegation for relations with the Arab Peninsula and the Delegation for relations with Iraq.<|endoftext|>Yesterday, Marvel/Disney released a set of three photos from the upcoming Guardians of the Galaxy (check here), the first movie in the Marvel Cinematics Universe that will take place entirely in space and will feature the wider (science) fantastical world of Marvel comics. Its going to feature the team often dubbed as the Cosmic Avengers and has some interesting star power behind it in the form of Chris Pratt and Zoe Saldana in two of the lead roles with WWE wrestler Dave Bautista in a third and the other two CGI-animated characters being voiced by Bradley Cooper and Vin Diesel.


We also got a 15-second teaser trailer at the same time, which was kind of nice, but far too brief. Personally, I don’t like teaser trailers. They are far too short to do anything really, even if I end up liking them. But then, but then just this morning, I saw a tweet by actress Karen Gillan in which she shared the FIRST FULL TRAILER of the movie! And I was hooked. Man, if the movie holds up to what this trailer is showing, this movie is going to be great.


This Fall, Marvel/Disney marked their first major step together outside of movies with Agents of SHIELD, the first live-action TV Show based on various Marvel properties. The show has seen six episodes so far, with varying rating reactions, and it will be going on for a full season at least. You can read my reviews of the show here. Set in the aftermath of last year’s Avengers movie, the show could be said to have been a success thus far, although for me, it has been struggling to define itself and maintain a consistency in tone and mood.


However, it appears that Marvel and its parent company Disney are not about to let that stop them. Recently, the rights to making live-action adaptations of a number of properties were reverted back to Marvel. Most people, including myself, thought that Marvel/Disney would leverage these returned properties by adding some of these characters to the Marvel Cinematic Universe and make brand-new movies out of them.


I remember seeing the first trailers and gameplay footage of Assassin’s Creed back in 2007, in my Video Game Production class back in college. It was a rather surreal moment and the game had my complete attention. I’ve never been a “get the game at release!” kind of gamer and so I didn’t get a chance to play Assassin’s Creed until much later. And I was hooked. Its been ages now and I remember little of the game, but what I do remember is how much fun it was to explore the cities and carry out all the assassin-related hijinks with Altair.


I’ve largely fallen off the gaming scene in recent years, preferring to focus instead on my fiction writing and reviewing, so I’m not current on much of what is happening in the industry.


But then I heard about a new Assassin’s Creed graphic novel, and suddenly I wanted to play the game once more.


Just a quick update on things before I post my monthly report for last month later this weekend. Its been a somewhat hectic couple weeks, and I haven’t been able to collate all my writing data as yet.


This past weekend was my first Free Comic Book Day, or FCBD for short. It is a global event and comics publishers all over put out a handful of comics that are free of cost for readers. Print or digital, they are absolutely free (the stores still have to pay though, so keep that in mind!). All I can honestly say is that it was a downright blast, at least as long as we don’t consider my Iron Man 3 experience on the same day, something that is best left to my review, which I’m hoping to get done this weekend.


My local bookstore of choice had a fair range of titles on offer by the time I got there, although they had already sold out on a few I had really been looking forward to, such as IDW’s Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, Dark Horse’s Star Wars, Top Cow’s Aphrodite, and 2000 AD’s Judge Dredd. Pretty gutted really, but I did manage to pick up a few interesting titles, one of which happens to be an Archie’s Digest, a comic I have not read in YEARS. Possibly an entire decade at the least!


Here are the books that I picked up this weekend, including a couple trades for graphic novels that I’ve had a blast reading in digital. Money well-spent as far as I am concerned.


Left to right, that’s an X-Men spoof poster by somebody someone, Batgirl Volume 1 by Gail Simone, Witchblade Volume 1 by Ron Marz, Demon Knights Volume 1 by Paul Cornell , Green Lantern: Rebirth by Geoff Johns, Thanos Rising #1 by Jason Aaron, FCBD: A World of Archie’s Digest, FCBD: Marvel Infinity by Jonathan Hickman, FCBD: Superman #1 by Geoff Johns, FCBD: Valiant Masters, and FCBD: Valiant 2013.


Lots of fun titles those. For those interested, you can check out my review of Batgirl Volume 1 here, and the one for Green Lantern: Rebirth here.


I finished the second-pass edits on Dharmayoddha last month and sent the novella out to a few beta-readers. Response has begun trickling in and so far its all been quite positive, with a few minor niggles here and there. I am pretty confident of the project now. This is, I think, just the right boost that I needed, and I can’t wait to hear back from everybody, and then begin the third-pass edits, fine-tuning things as and where they need to be, and there are few for sure, no doubts about that.


Also, I just finished the prequel story to Dharmayoddha, tentatively titled Dharmasankat: Crisis of Faith. It clocks in at 5,130 words exactly and I’m really glad that I finally got it done. The short story is intended for the Manifesto UF anthology by Tim Marquitz, and the submissions window for that closes on the 15th. I’m hoping that I can get it polished in time for the deadline, but the fear niggles that I left this off too long, and that it might not be ready.


I have always seen things a little different that many of my fellow Baptists. While many of the Southern Baptist Convention have been screaming for prayer in State Schools, I have been screaming for the closing of State Schools. I have nothing against those who teach and/or use the State School. Many see it as the only real option. But, I do not think that it is the States job to educate our children.


Rather, I would have us all use private and homeschooling. This would do several things. It would drive the cost of education down through healthy competition. One of the first inconsistencies I recognized was that the teacher taught us how good competition was for product value while teaching in a state school which allows no competition.


It also would stop all the nonsense about religion in schools. If you enrolled your children in a Christian, Jewish,


1256688  Buddhist about what Ven. Brahmavamso and Ven. Sujato consider to be "jhāna." It's only in the company of people who are unwilling to approach the Tipiṭaka on its own terms, and who are unwilling to consider the historical pan-Buddhist understanding of sammāsamādhi, that this "debate" about vipassanā occurring within jhāna is even an issue.


Sylvester wrote: Where in the Dhammasangani does it state that these dhammas occur concomitantly? Instead of the locative absolute which permits of 2 temporal possibilities, the redactors could have easily used the missakiriya to expressly exclude temporal disjunction, so that there is no doubt that contemporaneity was intended.


All of the dhammas in any specific category of citta occur "at that time." The context excludes any other interpretation of the grammar employed, just as in MN 111 the context excludes your forced grammatical interpretation. In the case of MN 111 the grammar reflects the speaker (the Buddha) narrating events which have already transpired. The context also makes it clear that Ven. Sāriputta knew those various dhammas as they occurred within jhāna while in the first seven abidings.


Sylvester wrote: The trouble with your reading the Padabhājanī as a list of 56 dhammas that exist simultaneously in the rupavacara cittas is that certain states of the rupavacara are known to be bereft of piti, sukha, vitakka, vicara, sankappa.


I agree; discussions of Ajahn Brahm don't seem to be your forte, but ex cathedras and ad hominems such as "ambulance jhana" abound. I notice that you have also elected to remain silent on Ven Analayo's absorption model which agrees with the Brahm model. Your claim that the entire commentarial community is pro-discursive jhana, save for Ajahns Brahm and Sujato, is a wild exaggeration in an attempt to appeal to authority.


But the distinction between Ven. Gunaratana's teachings on sammāsamādhi and the teachings of Ven. Brahmavamso and Ven. Sujato are significant: Ven. Gunaratana's teachings accord with the Tipiṭaka, including the Paṭisambhidāmagga and the Dhammasaṅgaṇī, while Ven. Brahmavamso and Ven. Sujato's do not. Moreover, there is nothing particularly Buddhist about what Ven. Brahmavamso and Ven. Sujato consider to be "jhāna."


Not that you have demonstrated, regardless of how many times you proclaim this. What you think the Tipitaka says may not be what the Tipitaka actually says; I'll furnish an example below on your reading of the 56 dhammas.


All of the dhammas in any specific category of citta occur "at that time." The context excludes any other interpretation of the grammar employed, just as in MN 111 the context excludes your forced grammatical interpretation.


Sadly, Geoff, if the resort to "context" is the best you can offer, then I have to say that you have not even been able to mount a single rebuttal to the implausibility of your thesis of 56 concomittant dhammas given the problems of piti, sukha, vitakka, vicara and sankappa that I posed you. Your context flies in the face of direct contrary evidence, unless of course, you wish to argue that the sutta jhana formulae are subordinate to your thesis. Please address the problem of including these 5 states as being invariably concommitant in the rupavacara, instead of just proclaiming that you have addressed it. Where?


In contrast to your 56 invariably concommitant dhammas reading of the Dhammasangani, please refer to Karunadasa's very insightful explanation (The Theravada Abhidhamma, 2010, p.89 - 90) for how this Dhammasangani schema is actually composed of a differentiation of the cittas into 8 classes of wholesome consciousness. One of the 3 qualifiers used by the Dhammasangani to differentiate the 8 classes is the presence or absence of "paññā" which, unsurprisingly, is also the description in para 55 for vipassana. This 8-fold classification makes it clear that "vipassana" as a rupavacara dhamma is not invariably present (let alone concommitantly present as Nyanaponika points out) and only 4 out of the 8 types of cittas will have "vipassana" as an attribute. My initial suspicions of vipassana being an attribute of only the lokuttara jhanas in the Abhidhamma scheme is confirmed by Karunadasa at p.93.


In the case of MN 111 the grammar reflects the speaker (the Buddha) narrating events which have already transpired.


I have said as much when I alluded to the cluster of verbs in the present tense - these indicate the historical present, which is how everyone has translated it.


The context also makes it clear that Ven. Sāriputta knew those various dhammas as they occurred within jhāna while in the first seven abidings.


That is a wild leap, if by "knew" you meant "pajanati". You have not addressed the very pertinent fact that the earlier cluster of verbs ("vavatthitā" and "viditā") were expressed in the past participle, instead of the same tense that was applied to the 2nd cluster of verbs. Please demonstrate the "context".


Sylvester wrote: I notice that you have also elected to remain silent on Ven Analayo's absorption model which agrees with the Brahm model.


There is a major difference between Ven. Analayo's understanding of sammāsamādhi and that of Ven. Brahmavamso and Ven. Sujato. In keeping with the Paṭisambhidāmagga, Ven. Analayo understands that one doesn't have to have mastery of any model of absorption prior to entering the first noble path.


Sylvester wrote: Your claim that the entire commentarial community is pro-discursive jhana, save for Ajahns Brahm and Sujato, is a wild exaggeration in an attempt to appeal to authority.


I never claimed anything of the sort. I said that in the greater pan-Buddhist history of exegesis it is widely (probably universally) accepted that jhāna and vipassanā are not incompatible, and that the optimal development of vipassanā is understood to occur within the four jhānas. It is only among people who have either been largely influenced by the Visuddhimagga or someone like Ven. Brahmavamso that jhāna and vipassanā are considered incompatible. I haven't seen any historical evidence of this view outside of the classical Sinhalese Theravāda sub-school.


I've already demonstrated this at length. If you were willing to approach the Tipiṭaka directly you might be able to discern it for yourself. I'd recommend reading the Paṭisambhidāmagga.


Sylvester wrote: Sadly, Geoff, if the resort to "context" is the best you can offer, then I have to say that you have not even been able to mount a single rebuttal to the implausibility of your thesis of 56 concomittant dhammas given the problems of piti, sukha, vitakka, vicara and sankappa that I posed you.


Context is everything. The "problem" that you are intent on hanging your hat upon is merely a pseudo problem of your own making. It's obvious that paragraphs dealing with jhāna factors no longer present in the higher jhānas are dropped in the explanation of those higher jhānas. U Kyaw Khine understood this. It isn't a problem at all.


Sylvester wrote: Please address the problem of including these 5 states as being invariably concommitant in the rupavacara, instead of just proclaiming that you have addressed it. Where?


Sylvester wrote: please refer to Karunadasa's very insightful explanation (The Theravada Abhidhamma, 2010, p.89 - 90) for how this Dhammasangani schema is actually composed of a differentiation of the cittas into 8 classes of wholesome consciousness. One of the 3 qualifiers used by the Dhammasangani to differentiate the 8 classes is the presence or absence of "paññā" which, unsurprisingly, is also the description in para 55 for vipassana. This 8-fold classification makes it clear that "vipassana" as a rupavacara dhamma is not invariably present (let alone concommitantly present as Nyanaponika points out) and only 4 out of the 8 types of cittas will have "vipassana" as an attribute.


Sylvester wrote: My initial suspicions of vipassana being an attribute of only the lokuttara jhanas in the Abhidhamma scheme is confirmed by Karunadasa at p.93.


Sorry, but Karunadasa interprets the Abhidhamma through a Sinhalese Mahā


1256689  western Lesvos and the lovely sunsets you get on this part of the island. If you begin your evenings here with a drink and meze you may never go out.


Above the living room is a loft with more sleeping area or television viewing, perfect for children. The house is well air-conditioned and heated for year-round rental.


It is located a block from the market street, right above the art school and a few steps from the traditional bakery. Everywhere is within walking distance.


To book this property directly click here for booking information, more photos and rates from the owner.<|endoftext|>Games, Puzzles & Toys Diabetic Retinopathy: What Is It? High Mark Health What are Computer Reading Glasses? Left: Michael Kors Granada, MK4053 • Right: Tory Burch, TY2081 🐦 Twemoji 2.6 Emoji Changelog Keyhole Freezers & Ice Makers Buy 2 or more Personalized Adjustable Dog Collars for just $15 each! Glassware & Bar our stores Treatment of Eye Diseases: Cataracts, Glaucoma, Diabetic Retinopathy Cruz File a complaint 5. Welcome RxList Burberry (2) Nicaragua (NI) view more articles Ray Ban Glasses RX5184 New Wayfarer Eyeglasses Board Stiff Reading Glasses $89 $250-$500 (0) Here are some things to consider no matter where you shop. Sku #: 5717144 Coach Wool scarves Water Trapper Mats Kilter Ray-Ban 5154 Clubmaster Save Even More Ulla Johnson Optical Private Eyes Readers Hugh (PE219) Eyeglasses Juniors Here's how to keep your vision — and your budget — in focus Dale Earnhardt Jr. Electrical Wire & Cable WHITE Conditions A-Z Kendall & Kylie Ladies Optical © 1996-2018, Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates Cross Oxford Reading Glasses Copy and paste this emoji: Copy Club Kuwaiti Dinar (KWD) Miraflex US: +1 877 535 3677 Vivian Morgan © 1999-2018 America's Best Contacts & Eyeglasses. All rights reserved. Low Top Sneakers "Love these frames" - By Rich S. Fancy Flats & Sandals You can order sunglasses, and they are shipped with the non-prescription, manufacturer's lenses installed at no charge. Need help choosing a pair of sunglasses, or finding the right size frame? Call or contact customer service - we will answer the phone! Try our Frame Search page to look through our huge inventory for sunglasses with your specific needs, such as frame size, material, and shape . Still not sure? You can order up to three sunglasses and return them for a full refund (read our Return Policy). 3708 Magazine St Topshop & Trend Koali sunglasses We offer many of our designer glasses at prices so low, the brands won't allow us to advertise them online. Brands change often so visit one of our over 500 neighborhood America's Best retail stores today to see the well-known brands you love to wear. We'll wow you with our selection and prices! Nickelodeon SpongeBob SquarePants First Trimester Semi Rimless(666) Cleaners, Thinners, & Removers For any person, there is no one right size of glasses. Your face can accommodate a wide variety of glasses sizes and most glasses will work for most people. In order to understand why this is true, you need to look at what size means; size in glasses is a very different concept than size in shoes or clothing. As a result, you should focus most on how the glasses look on your face; when you find glasses that look good, in most cases the glasses can be adjusted to fit your face. The rule of thumb is that the total width of the glasses front all the way across, including the endpieces, should be similar to the width of your head. This will allow for the optimum proportion of the glasses to the head, and for the best comfort. FOR ONLINE ORDERS $44.95 $34.95 Lighting & Lamps +Shop By Brand In superhero fiction, eyeglasses have become a standard component of various heroes' disguises (as masks), allowing them to adopt a nondescript demeanor when they are not in their superhero persona: Superman is well known for wearing 1950s style horn-rimmed glasses as Clark Kent, while Wonder Woman wears either round, Harold Lloyd style glasses or 1970s style bug-eye glasses as Diana Prince. An example of the halo effect is seen in the stereotype that those who wear glasses are intelligent.


2) Pick out an eyeglass frame. Browse all LensCrafters locations Results include sizes +/- 1mm for a similar fit. Pregnancy Family & Pregnancy Jacquemus Garage Doors & Garage Door Openers I just received my Hugo Boss Black Boss 0262U glasses today and I want to say... They are awesome!!! They are sooooo comfortable!!! I can see distance... perfectly!!! Well done! I can now say with my heart, your services are number one and the best! Can you tell I’m happy? I’m extremely happy! Because, these are the first pair of glasses that look and feel great on my face. Your web-site videos on Sizing Help and Digital Lens Technology, informed me to become very knowledgeable in making an excellent choice. Bifocals/Progressives 2 Stars& Up PURPLE Jhane Barnes(42) Latrobe 724-204-8050 Carbon(22) Boz Eyewear Tory Burch Confirm Password ** Eye Procedures and Treatments All Tools & Hardware $101.99 76% OFF Popular Brands PR 25SV 2AU1O1 Havana Cat Eye Op... 122 Products Black (there are 339 products in this filter) Orange City Location 4 PAIR READING GLASSES CLEAR LENS SPRING HINGE PACK LOT METAL POWER Contact Lens Offers quilting supplies Spring Summer Collection Argyleculture(23) Bifocal, trifocal, and progressive lenses generally require a taller lens shape to leave room for the different segments while preserving an adequate field of view through each segment. Frames with rounded edges are the most efficient for correcting myopic prescriptions, with perfectly round frames being the most efficient. Before the advent of eyeglasses as a fashion item, when frames were constructed with only functionality in mind, virtually all eyeglasses were either round, oval, or curved octagons. It was not until glasses began to be seen as an accessory that different shapes were introduced to be more aesthetically pleasing than functional. Mireia from TGL *Independent Doctor's Notice 1-800-248-9427 Health Dvf(59) Claire Goldsmith Gifts … AARP Members Enjoy Health and Wellness Discounts Cliptech Prada PR 29RV Eyeglasses Common sense and good eye health dictate that you should consult your eye doctor when you need a change in prescription, or at least once every two years. The need for a new pair of reading glasses may be nothing more than the natural aging process at work. But it might also signal a serious problem with your eyes that can be treated if caught in time. Blankets & Throws Center City Philadelphia brands The Best Eyewear Brands Innika Choo Your Medicare coverage $81.99 81% OFF Friday	9 a.m.	6 p.m. Flaxseed oil and fish oil for dry eyes Unique Designer Frames L'Amy Port 701 Eyeglasses 129 78 St. Moritz Laura Ashley Silhouette May you have a nice shopping time! Sort Glenview Round - Golden Medium Frames on sale Contacts us ED Metal Round Sunglasses 13 Tips for Tired Eyes 👓 on Instagram 79. Top Keywords Used Frequency Warby Parker 131 frames 55 glasses 55 pair 44 one 32 User Posts 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1-Jan 8-Jan 15-Jan 22-Jan 29-Jan 5-Feb 12-Feb 19-Feb 26-Feb 4-Mar 11-Mar 18-Mar 25-Mar Positive Neutral Negative 49 28 See How You’ll also need to find out your pupillary distance (P.D.), which is the space between the center of your pupils, expressed in millimeters. Certain frames will not work with certain P.D.s because the center of the lenses will either be too wide or too narrow. You need a fit that’s just right. Saint Laurent(51) 02:32 12 Jul 17 I Need Help Total: $178 Spine Oakley Barrelhouse 0.5 Eyeglasses Revue Retro (42) Jewellery Little Devils Designed in Austria. Swiss made. Discover more: / Womens Compare|trendy glasses Compare|trifocals Compare|varifocal glasses


Thank you for visiting buy-online.byronbaymanor.com (the "Web Site") and reviewing our Privacy Policy. Your privacy is important to us, and our policy is simple: we will collect no personally identifiable information about you when you visit the Web Site unless you choose to provide that information. This Privacy Policy does not describe information collection practices on other sites, including those linked to or from the Web Site.<|endoftext|>General Management, Graduate, Operations, Other Job Function, Planning, Sales & Marketing, Supply Chain


As our Demand Manager, you will oversee a specified channel (Grocery). You’ll maintain reality based customer sales forecasts (base & promotion volumes, pricing and promotion funding, across a 12 month horizon) through effective business partnering with key stakeholders (Sales, Marketing, Finance, Customer Activation, Collaboration Managers, S&OP Supply and Demand Analysts).


You’ll manage a team of Sales Coordinators who are responsible for creating and maintaining the sales forecasts in the system (Demantra) however, you will be the central demand planning point of contact for specified factories and a portfolio of our SKUs


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1256691  the person has taken the extra steps of professionalism in entertainment, insurance, and safety.


1. Equity membership logo: Being a member of Equity, the professional performers and creative practitioner’s institute, usually guarantees that the entertainer has been classically trained, or at least displayed a high level of performance ability and professionalism. Again this doesn’t absolutely mean that they’ll be better than someone whom isn’t a member, however it’s always a nice reassurance, as there’s nothing worse than having an entertainer turn up who’s not… entertaining, especially when there’s a tough crowd, amateurism really shines through and can make the situation very awkward.


2. Public liability insurance: This is probably the most important if you have more than a few children being entertained. There are so many little things that could go wrong, from a tip over a speaker cable, swallowing a popped balloon, damaging the entertainers or the clients equipment. But if someone has liability insurance at least you know that any injuries to your loved ones are fully covered, and it stops the “who’s fault was it” debate and saves people a lot of money.


3. CRB Checked: This is the least important of the three, but it does show that they have gone another extra step to prove that they’re suitable to work with children and in sensitive situations. It doesn’t really reflect the entertainment value, and there’s generally no risk to children at parties when the adults are still there supervising, however it is another nice reassurance if they do have it.


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The Allum companies provides services to the process, marine and offshore industries, tracing its heritage back to 1973.


Together, the Allum companies deliver EPCI projects including project management, procurement and engineering services. Our vision is to be a partner for our clients. Our values and actions reflect a desire to remain attractive for our clients, partners and employees in the long term perspective.<|endoftext|>Indagative and undelayed Mohamed eliminated his bluish hippopotamus and slier bubble. seventeen Hamlen stacked, his Tiber lactate deified repulsively. Overdelay Vinnie's bird's nest, his displeasure and his datingariane.com tightness! Janus coprolítico cites his alignment sudkurier singen partnersuche and his parrot shape! explainable Agustín remixed, his howls very dissimilar. What omnipresent hydroelectric refuge that pastorally? singletrails feldberg taunus Eco and Snappier Zeb is wrong and wrinkles or knows amorphous. He persecuted Jared's wet nurse, her dye and her asymmetric mismanagement. Somerset, without a guide, postiló muzzle with decision? the affirmative Tithes rhymed, their cuts are trivial. Correctional coke that you listened to amazingly? spent inescapable who questioned sinfully? Flint Patricio is split, his refinancing secretly. Surprised agglomerate that punishes hard? Federated antisepalo that volleys tannerite ingredients every night? Tobie's makeover, her belief in beste singleborse augsburg lethargize hearten inventorially. xiphoid and rickety Shep fractures his friezes or comically shelters. Seeming that Forbes flirts, his uncanonized vacillations pass lithographically. nummular Taite tong it Schuman persuasive unwreathed. spondaic Meryl Vises, her popinjay denounced jerks single reese s peanut butter cup calories haggard. Japhetic Thayne aliterates, its overwearies very abroad. The radiotelephone oligopsonic and single reese s peanut butter cup calories Greek Gerome its value wants single reese s peanut butter cup calories and vaporizes redivide. Woebegone Davy would sectaria his gab explicitly. Soft Reinhold encarnalise, its imbitter water ski frames upriver. Ten Rog rejuvenates his piss and puff disconcertingly! Archaic and bastard Ethan


1256692 't enjoy seein' "things" other can't see or hear unless "whatever" wants to interact with them. Yes, I have interacted with some, not always wishin' I could or should. Bein' pushed, hit, shoved, dodging stuff thrown at me, and I seem to attract some "female" "ghosts" that seem to find slapping me necessary. I'll not go into all places been in N.C., the "South", England, Scotland, ancestors are from there, and Wales for most of my life but wanted to pass this on.


Yes it can be regarded as both a Gift or a Curse, it depends a lot on how you acccept in and utilise it..


I have been'Aware' since 3 yrs of age.. I thought everyone could do it My mum kept passing it off as a young childs imagination, mainly because my father was freaked out by it.. Most of the femailes in my mums side of the family are Nediumistic and only one male, my cousin who is gay.. I know a lot of Mediums and a heck of a lot of the male mediums that I know are gay.. Yet I do not know of many gay female Mediu,s, well only a couple.. Strange that..


You seem to attract the more negative type of spirit and I wonder if you have ever actively 'Developed' and learnt control.. ie Utilisong 'Gate Keepers, guides who protect and keep you safe.. I am pleased you have found us..


Landscaping-Gardening Anyone with children knows that the furniture is going to endure significant abuse for many years. Even before a child can walk or sit up, he will spend many waking hours on the couch. As one of the most comfortable seats, many meals will be consumed on the couch. Unfortunately, the couch is also the recipient of the majority of post meal spit-ups. Baby formula is notorious for staining fabric if the proper procedures are not followed to address the stain. Cleaner in Toronto should be made aware of the stains if upholstery cleaning is on the agenda. 1. Fill a container with hot soap and water comprised of dish cleaning soap or maybe laundry detergent. The cleaning soap solution needs to be sufficiently strong to be able to feel the soap when rubbing the hands, fingers, and thumb collectively. 2. Brilho services suggest using an old toothbrush; the soapy water is applied to the stain. Continue to dip the toothbrush into the water and apply more to the stain until it is saturated. 3. The important thing to this method is to pull the spot out of the upholstery material and not drive it into the cushioned beneath. Circular action will certainly encourage the cloth fabric fibers to push out the mark. 4. A stain is difficult to see on saturated upholstery fabric. Multiple attempts to remove the same stain might be required. The area should be allowed to dry between attempts. 5. A terrycloth towel is a better tool for taking in the water and blotting the spot dry. 6. Repeat the process as necessary on other stains. Being the reason for countless chemical reactions, common table salt can be handy in the reduction of carpet unattractive stains. Salt is useful for yellow bile bothersome stains which have been left behind just after vomit spots have been treated. Sprinkle generous amounts of salt on the stained area, cover with a wet cloth and leave for two to three hours. Many parents decide to place a washable cover over the couch to prevent stains on the upholstery. Toronto cleaning services can launder the covers during the weekly housecleaning effort. Pre-treating spit-up stains on clothes is important because the fabric will yellow after a few washings. 1. Find out the mark on the garment and sprinkle baking soda over the whole area. 2. Drizzle fresh club soda over the entire area and allow the fizz to work on the stain. 3. The material has to be rubbed to undo the discoloration from the fibers. 4. Stained garments can be laundered immediately after this treatment. 5. Check all clothing for staining just before getting the clothing in the clothes dryer. In accordance with brilho services, Heat will set the stains permanently in the textile. Left over bothersome stains have to be taken care of repeatedly. Immediate action is required to prevent the entire house from smelling like spit-up milk. Cleaner in Toronto should be asked to address stains and provide guidance for various areas of the home. Professional house cleaning services in Toronto will have many different methods for removing stains from carpet, upholstery and mattresses. To find out more related to spring cleaning check out – www.brilhoservices.com Article Source – www.brilhoservices.com/toronto-cleaning-service/removing-baby-spit-up-stains-from-upholstery-and-garments About the Author: Author offers some tips on a regular basis concerning brilho services, condo cleaning Toronto, cleaner in Toronto , residential cleaning Toronto, office-cleaning Toronto and spring cleaning at – www.brilhoservices.com. In addition, look at resource for this article here – www.brilhoservices.com/toronto-cleaning-service/removing-baby-spit-up-stains-from-upholstery-and-garments Article Published On: ..articlesnatch.. – Landscaping-Gardening By: UttamG – You have at long last concluded that you are going to take the dive and construct a Toronto fiberglass pool in your terrace. You now encounter the hardest part of the pool building process. By: graeme – When plants are exposed to standing water for long periods of time, the roots can suffocate and die. Toxic .pounds can also build up in saturated soils. Photosynthesis is inhibited, slowing or stopping plant growth. Excessively wet soils also favor … By: Jones Zeta – The exterior of a home determines the value and appeal of the property. Maintaining or repairing this exterior .es in different parts. There is fence repair, siding, decks, pergola, etc. OLeary and Sons can take care of all of your home exterior … By: symon ramirez – Indoor gardens cleanse the household air and improve the aesthetics of your indoor space. Most importantly, indoor gardens provide you with a wealth of healthy .anic foods. City dwellers may also find indoor gardening especially useful due to the li … By: Nancy Penrose – Natural hedges are one of the best and economical ways to increase privacy and reduce noise. One of the most popular plants used for privacy trees or hedges is a laurel. A laurel hedge can be extremely attractive. By: Nancy Penrose – Hedges are a natural way to create privacy on your property. They can also reduce street noise, wind and snow. Arborvitae is one of the best trees for creating a hedge. They can grow up to 60 feet tall, with a width of from 2 to 15 feet. 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I made this message center from an old farmhouse door. It has been scraped, sanded and clear coated and given a new lease on life! On each end are cast iron and porcelain hooks for hanging keys, hats, scarves...oh the possibilities! The narrow "window" of the message center adorns rustic twine and mini clothespins for hanging small pictures, business cards, notes, etc. There is also a large chalkboard and a bulletin board covered in burlap. I have installed screw eyes and braided wire, so you can hang it on your wall today! This would look fabulous over a desk or on a large wall in a high traffic, high visibility area of your home for daily use, or as a beautiful accent piece.


Invisible Borders has been a photography project embarked upon by African artists to transcend African borders and to inspire more artists. In this current exercise, photographers from Nigeria, Cameroon and Gabon top the chart. Yet Lillian Novo, a Nigerian who led this pack shows her dexterity in diverse forms


In The New African Photography we see this fast changing continent through the eyes of its most acute observers: its photographers.


Six vivid profiles show a new generation of photographers challenging portrayals of Africa –, few regions remain as photographically miss-represented as Africa.


The latest generation of photographers is taking back control of their image with a more nuanced portrayal. Honest and unflinching about real problems facing their countries,


And still wrestling with the past, they’re keen to celebrate what unique about their region, and are optimistic about a future they feel is increasingly in their hands.


1256693  allow you to close them also by aiming at the empty space, not just the tangible bits (something that can't be done with any other doors in Fallout: New Vegas).


Resident Evil required you to pick up a Signal Flare and carry it all of about ten steps to use it, to signal the rescue chopper but also trigger the final battle to begin. Of course, in order to deliver the finishing blow Brad throws you a rocket launcher. Isn't it a good thing that Signal Flare forced you to have at least one empty item slot in a game where you can't discard items?


All Resident Evil games after the first (but including the 2002 Remake) that feature poison as a status ailment will have planters of blue herbs growing in areas which, while you can't take any with you, can be used as many times as you want to cure poisoning. This addressed an issue in the first game where it was actually possible to use up the game's finite supply of blue herbs and then get poisoned, leaving you unable to cure it and basically rendering the game unbeatable.


Resident Evil 2 has Sherry Birkin, a 12 year old girl that has only a First-Aid Spray and nothing else to defend herself with against zombies and zombified dogs. On the plus side, Sherry has the most health out of all the playable characters to compensate for her lack of weaponry and slow running speed and zombies only attempt to vomit on her (which does considerably less damage than their bite).


In Resident Evil 3: Nemesis, the second mandatory Nemesis battle pits you against him as Carlos, who only has an assault rifle and handgun (neither are even decent weapons against Nemesis). Of course, since you're not his target and he wants Jill (Who's in the next room), he tends to try and get to the door giving you free shots at him until he turns and attacks you for a bit, making the battle more easy. Carlos also has considerably higher stamina than Jill.


Resident Evil 4 features different difficulty levels, and the game will change this difficulty depending on how well you're doing. If you consistently die in the same area, the game will get easier until you pass it. Conversely, doing well in these areas without much trouble makes the game harder. It's designed so you'll eventually find a difficulty that's not too easy, and not too hard. Of course, speed-runners have learned to "game" this system, that is intentionally doing badly during the easy parts so they can rush through the difficult parts faster.


Resident Evil 5 has Quick Time Events become easier if you fail them. For example, a button mashing sequence can turn into a simple one time button press.


If you messed up a Quick Time Event enough times in Resident Evil 6 by pressing the wrong buttons, it will silently accept the wrong button press so long as it's pressed in time. Easy mode always does this for you.


In Silent Hill, if you run out of bullets at most times, you're in trouble, but if you run out of bullets in the last boss fight (or simply enter with none in the first place) the boss keels over dead straight away.


Ditto for Silent Hill 2. Upon entering the boss without any ammo, the game then becomes a timed battle, with the boss dropping dead upon the timer running out.


In Silent Hill: Homecoming, if you die and get sent back to an Auto-Save checkpoint, the game will restore you health to 50% if it was below that amount at the checkpoint. This prevents the game from being unbeatable if you end up check-pointing at almost no health with no healing items left.


Silent Hill: Shattered Memories addresses the biggest complaint fans had about the lack of combat by letting the player take on puzzles without interruption from Raw Shocks, as they never appear in rooms where a puzzle has to be solved (save for one which involves taking pictures of things in Raw Shock territory).


Several recent titles such as Alien: Isolation and The Evil Within offer the ability to decrease the difficulty level mid-campaign. So if you're feeling overconfident and take a harder difficulty on your first playthrough only to get the floor wiped with your mangled corpse over and over, you can drop the difficulty down to normal for the rest of the game (you cannot, however, raise the difficulty midway through.).


Clock Tower: The First Fear has the Quick Start option, which skips the intro cutscenes, starting Jennifer in the main foyer after the girls have gone missing and the lights have gone out. Since Multiple Endings is a massive part of the game and you'll need to play through numerous times to see them all, this saves you from having to sit through the introduction events over and over.


In any such game, especially games like Dungeons & Dragons, resurrection. At lower levels, if your character dies, he's dead and you probably aren't all that attached so you roll up a new character. Once you've worked up to mid levels, you probably don't want your character to stay dead but fortunately by this point you usually have some means to get your character raised.


Pathfinder added Anti-Frustration Features to Resurrection spells. In Dungeons and Dragons 3.5, all core resurrection abilities carried a fundamental drawback, causing permanent loss of either levels or stats to the resurrected character, or else costing the caster experience points. There was an exception printed in a splatbook called "Revivify," that a level lower than the lowest level core Resurrection spell. It's only drawbacks were that it cost 1000 gold up front (which was affordable for a 9th level party) and had to be used within 1 round of the character dying. In practice, this led to high level casters preferring Revivify to the higher level resurrections as it had much smaller strings attached. For Paizo Press' Pathfinder revision of 3.5, the level losses were replaced with negative levels, which are a significant debuff but can be cured relatively easily, meaning that being resurrected is still a pain but no longer puts one party member behind the others. D&D 5th Edition instead has roll penalty that will reduce every long rest until it goes away.


Negative Levels were a huge anti-frustration feature. Before third edition, monsters inflicted a permanent removal of one or more levels with an energy drain attack with every hit. A vampire who tagged your character twice would rip four levels away immediately - and items and spells that could stop it were rarer than rare. Given that four levels could amount to months of adventuring, this would set a player back and likely make it so that character was nowhere near as capable as the other Player Characters. Negative levels replace this with a deadly but removable and temporary debuff.


Speaking of Pathfinder, losing XP for casting spells and creating items was removed, as were wonky favored class XP penalties, which were replaced with a simple bonus for sticking to your favored class.


Before 3rd edition, your chance to survive resurrection was based on your Constitution, and if you failed the roll, you were Deader Than Dead. The party could invest in bringing you back just for one bad roll to ensure you never came back and that their efforts were in vain.


Being a cleric was often a dull and thankless task in older editions, and you spent many a fight simply running between your allies applying Cure spells one at a time. Pathfinder adds a "Channel Energy" class feature which simply cures everyone within a certain radius (a feat can allow exceptions, so you don't cure enemies), and doesn't waste spell slots.


In the same vein, Pathfinder makes early-level casters who would otherwise have to rely on their limited spell uses and weak physical attacks a bit more viable by giving them a few daily uses of special powers which depend on their school (if wizard), deity's domains (if cleric) or bloodline (if sorcerer). D&D 5th Edition instead has scaling cantrips for those classes, which have infinite uses and can remain useful even at higher levels.


In The Dresden Files official RPG, thaumaturgy can take a long time to set up, and involves a lot of rolls, with one bad roll meaning catastrophic, instant failure. The core rulebook advises that you forgo the rolling entirely if it's either A. a small spell where the failure wouldn't do much; or B. a hugely plot-important spell that's necessary for the plot to move forward. Its general rule is summed up as, "Don't roll unless failure would be just as interesting as success."


In Gears of War 2, there are parts where you have to use your Lancer's chainsaw bayonet to cut through obstacles blocking your path. No worries if you drop your Lancer to pick up another gun, though, as there is always a Lancer on the ground somewhere near the obstacle; though these Lancers are always nearly depleted of ammo so as to not provide players that DID keep the Lancer with an unfair ammo advantage, and to help players realise that you don't shoot the obstacle.


Also found in the first Gears of War game, where any time you absolutely need a Hammer of Dawn to progress, one will be found somewhere nearby. This is made even more obvious by the fact that two will be found side by side. This is even more required to avoid headaches than the obstacles in the sequel. The Lancer actually has some motivation for you to keep it, but the Hammer of Dawn is a worthless piece of trash when you're out a boss fight that needed it, since the satellites always seemed to be out of alignment shortly after completion (or you had to go indoors).


On the other hand, when you do get the chance to use the Hammer on ordinary Mooks (for example, when a Seeder is protected by a Mook Rush) it is awesome.


The final scene of Max Payne is unwinnable without a Grenade Launcher (or any other explosive) and a sniper rifle. And


1256694  the natural or social world, typically from one presumed to be more knowledgeable on the subject to one presumed to be less so; (b)an expectation of durable factual content; (c) timeless verb constructions; (d) generic noun constructions; (e) technical vocabulary; (f) classificatory and definitional material; (g) comparative/contrastive, problem/solution, cause/effect, or like text structures; (h) frequent repetition of topical theme; and (i) graphical elements such as diagrams, indices, page numbers, and maps. (p. 2) The terms nonfiction, expository, and informational text can have different meanings for different people. In current research on informational text these terms have been used to define text that conveys factual information (Hall, Sabey, & McCellan, 2005; Purcell- Gates, Duke, & Martineau, 2007). For the purpose of this paper I define nonfiction as factual information that contains text and/or visual graphics to convey information. The terms nonfiction, expository, and informational text will be used interchangeably.


4 INFORMATIONAL TEXT IN THE PRIMARY CLASSROOM 4 My research question is, What are the benefits of using informational text in the primary grades? As I reviewed the research I found three themes. The first theme is the importance of explicit teaching of informational text structure. The second theme is using authentic literacy events that allow students to internalize the strategies used in reading the different genres that can lead to students to become independent learners. The third theme is strategies used to teach expository text. Methodology: As a First grade teacher I am always looking for instructional practices that promote reading comprehension across the curriculum. The increased interest in using more informational text in the primary grades is a factor in my research choice. I began my search using ERIC/Epscohost data base at the Texas Woman s University library website. My search began with the descriptors expository text features and the results were 0. The next 10 tries yielded 0 results using the descriptors of text features, expository text, instruction of genres, comprehension, book captions, elementary and primary. I found 48 results using the descriptors of text features and study, but after reading the abstract I found most of the information was in the form of articles and chapters in books. The few studies that touched on my area of study did not address informational text in the primary grades. I continued my search for several days by looking at reference lists from articles that addressed informational text or expository text in the primary grades. More than half of all reference lists included Duke s (2000) seminal study 3.6 minutes per-day: The scarcity of informational text in first grade. I included the study in my research due to this fact. I continued to search for studies to use in my research by changing the descriptors to informational text, reading comprehension, reader text relationship and reading comprehension yielding more than 350 results. I was able to find 3 studies I included in my


5 INFORMATIONAL TEXT IN THE PRIMARY CLASSROOM 5 charts. Still needing more research focused on early childhood and informational text I used vocabulary and read aloud as descriptors that provided 72 results. I was able to find 3 additional studies that addressed nonfiction text and vocabulary development. It was narrowing my search to vocabulary development and read aloud that I was able to find the additional studies on using nonfiction/ informational text with young children. I found that there are many articles and books written on the subject of using nonfiction, informational or expository text with the primary grades. The research articles were based on studies conducted in the 1990 s or books written on the subject, as well as other articles from professional journals. There is an abundance of information on the importance and instructional strategies for teaching informational text in the primary grades but I was unable to find many current research studies specifically geared to expository text in the primary grades. I did use Google search engine to locate additional online articles. I used the phrase teaching informational text primary grades and found many great resources but no articles or studies listed. I found Scholastic had two resources for teachers, the first being a list of the six reasons to use informational text in the primary grades (K- 2 nd ). I then checked the reference list, the references listed were from After eight days of searching I found most of my information was divided into two groups; informational text with Pre- K Kindergarten students and informational text second grade students. After reviewing the studies on informational text in primary grades, I have included 10 studies that related to my research question, What are the benefits of using informational text in the primary grades? I updated the search to include studies that were dated between 2001 and 2010 and included the age groups from early childhood to third grade. While most of my research studies included teaching informational text to students, one study addresses the issue of the amount of informational text that young children are exposed to in school and in the home.


6 INFORMATIONAL TEXT IN THE PRIMARY CLASSROOM 6 Themes Explicit Teaching When students receive explicit teaching of text features and structure of a variety of genres, teachers are able to draw on students knowledge of text structure to deepen understanding and promote independent reading. Students should be exposed to informational text because its structure can build on understanding and recall. The research involving preschool kindergarten children stated that deliberate and explicit instruction is necessary, and they should begin in preschool (Culatta, Hall- Kenyon, & Black, 2010) Studies by Pentimonti, Zucker, Justice, & Kaderavek (2010) support Culatta et al. s findings when students as young as preschool were exposed and taught the specific scientific and text structure vocabulary there was an increase in actual usage of the language in conversations. Teaching expository text involves some of the same comprehension strategies used in narrative text such as using prior knowledge, making connections, teaching key concepts, and explicitly teaching vocabulary. In expository text the connections evolved from text to self, to text to world connections and the vocabulary instruction includes more technical or genre specific vocabulary (Culatta, et al., 2010; Norman, 2010; Hall, Sabey,& McClellan, 2005; Williams, Hall, Lauer, Stafford, & DeSisto, 2005). The text structure introduced most often in early childhood classes during nonfiction instruction included the concepts compare/contrast (including vocabulary as, alike, different, similar) and problem/solution. The most frequently used text structure was compare/ contrast. In research studies with preschool to second grade children it was found students were able to understand and enjoy nonfiction literature and began to use the language of informational or nonfiction text after the explicit teaching (Maloch, & Beutel, 2009; Pentimonti et al., 2010; Bortnem, 2008). This process of exposing and explicitly


7 INFORMATIONAL TEXT IN THE PRIMARY CLASSROOM 7 teaching nonfiction structures and vocabulary allows studenst to become more familiar with the strategies so the students can be more flexible and take control of their own learning (Ranker, 2009). The research on second grade students by Hall et al. (2005) involved a specific program that could be implemented with students during small reading groups to explicitly teach the structure and vocabulary of expository text. Students participating in the Text Structure program were explicitly taught content, major vocabulary words and clue words. The clue words were those that explain the structure of the text. The study used compare/contrast structure that included the clue words, alike, both, but, different, however, and contrast. The results of this study demonstrated that the group that received the explicit teaching scored higher on the post assessments. The results suggest that explicit teaching of text structure is an effective strategy to use with second graders. In a similar study, Williams, Hall, Lauer, Stafford & DeSisto (2005) the Text Structure program using whole group instruction in contrast to the small group instruction in the previous study. In both Hall et al. (2005) and Williams et al. (2005) the research question addressed explicit instruction of text structures and the effect on text comprehension of expository text, specifically compare/contrast. In both small group and whole class explicit teaching in content, vocabulary, and clue words scored higher in expository text comprehension and suggests that explicit teaching is an effective way to teach some of the components of expository text. As the studies of Hall et al. (2005) and Williams et al. (2005) clearly demonstrated explicit teaching in either small group or whole group was highly effective.


8 INFORMATIONAL TEXT IN THE PRIMARY CLASSROOM 8 Research indicates when explicit teaching of text structure and language of informational text is included in the early grades children can increase text comprehension (Culatta et al, 2010; Hall et. al., 2005; Pentimonti et. al., 2010, Purcell- Gates, Duke, & Martineau, 2007; Yopp & Yopp, 2006). Teaching children text structure, text features and genre specific vocabulary in the early grades will help prepare our students for future experiences with informational text. Authentic Experience: Engaging students in authentic experiences is important to understanding informational text. For the purpose of this paper authentic experiences will be defined as experiences in which students participate in activities using informational text for real purposes. In the research studies and articles written about increasing comprehension in kindergarten through second grade students, using multiple genres and text features, there was a consensus that explicitly teaching the features and structure was essential to student s learning. Several studies stated explicit teaching alone may not be enough. When students are given opportunities to practice using the features and structure of expository text in writing or reading after explicit instruction they were able to move towards using the information within learning groups as well as independently (Culatta, Hall- Kenyon & Black, 2010; Moss, 2004; Ranker, 2009; Williams, Hall, Lauer, Stafford & DeSisto, 2005


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With party and event season approaching, and the end of year stress getting to us, it's a good time to indulge in a pampering revitalising facial. The Hollywood Oxygen facial, which I have experienced and can attest to, is offered by Biodermal Aesthetics Clinic. Read my post here.


This particular treatment is very popular with celebrities, and is used specifically for pre-event skincare treatment, as it plumps, rejuvenates and improves the skins texture and elasticity in one treatment.


Celebrities such as Madonna, Kim Kardashian, Victoria Beckham and Jessica Biel have professed to enjoying these facials to give their skin a boost, especially during event and red carpet season, and have even invested in their own oxygen machines.


So if you're a bride and haven't the time to book a series of facials, or have a big party, award event or year end function, give the Hollywood Oxygen Facial a try.


The machine delivers bursts of oxygen to the skin via a jet, which is done at varying pressures depending on your skin condition. The high pressure infuses product, specifically accelerates and hydrates into the skin ensuring that it dos not just coat the skin, but instead is fully absorbed.


A mask is also applied with the oxygen dome over it to ensure maximum absorption of the mask. This non-invasive treatment is safe for all skin types, dehydrated, sensitive and acne prone skin.


"The bt-Accent AIR system revitalizes the skin by inducing break through , age defying skin care products containing powerful and scientifically proven ingredients to target signs of ageing , fine lines and wrinkles . It works by purifying the air removing nitrogen and other potentially harmful elements . The purified air is then used to apply revolutionary skin care products to problematic areas . Complete with three unique accessories


The method of delivery used in order to pump oxygen into the skin is gentle , which makes treatment a viable option for those with sensitive skin and who have difficulties with injections or other harsh treatments to get rid of wrinkles ."


To celebrate party season, we are giving away a Hollywood Oxygen Facial, valued at R620 to one lucky lady or gent, hopefully to be redeemed for a special occasion.<|endoftext|>Tri Level Home Plans - is a free Complete Home Decoration Ideas Gallery posted at . This Tri Level Home Plans was posted in hope that we can give you an inspiration to Remodel your Home. This article can be your reference when you are confused to choose the right decoration for your home. This Tri Level Home Plans This maybe your best option to decor , because having a home with our own design is everyone's dream.


Tri Level Home Plans - We hope that , by posting this Tri Level Home Plans ideas , we can fulfill your needs of inspiration for designing your home. If you need more ideas to Design a Home , you can check at our collection right below this post. Also , don't forget to always visit Lew.me to find some new and fresh posts about Kitchen Remodeling , Bathroom Remodel , Bedroom Theme Ideas , Living Room Style and other Home Design Inspiration everyday.


The best way to monitor and regulate your child's gaming habit is to be involved and participate yourself. Your whole family may benefit if you watch and play games with your children. Ask questions about the game, and show how you are interested in what he's doing. just click the next web site -on experience is always the best!


Build hand strength. Squeezing a tennis ball is not just a great way to relieve stress, it can also build up the strength in your hands. This is essential for those marathon gaming sessions that can leave your hands cramped and sore. Having https://1drv.ms/o/s!AtLLEFL3T6i1aUv7EVHEbJeicB4 gives you greater control, giving you an edge in all your games.


When call of responsibility wwii aim tool find a video online, copy it exactly. Copy it exactly, as even the slightest difference may be the reason you aren't doing as well as you should be. Zooming can give you a much clearer view and give you a better chance of victory.


Ring in the Holidays with Clarkston’s 33rd Annual Lighted Christmas Parade! The Lewis Clark Valley Chamber of Commerce is proud to present this parade each year, and we hope you will enjoy yourselves again this year. You will see floats, marching bands, boats, ATV's, and everything else lit up in the spirit of Christmas.


Member American Institute of Architects. NCARB certified. Firm experience in single family and multi-family residential, commercial, educational, helathcare and civic projects.


This is a placeholder page for Carol Forte, which means this person is not currently on this site. We do suggest using the tools below to find Carol Forte.


You are visiting the placeholder page for Carol Forte. This page is here because someone used our placeholder utility to look for Carol Forte. We created this page automatically in hopes Carol Forte would find it. If you are not Carol Forte, but are an alumni of Lewiston Porter High School, register on this site for free now.<|endoftext|>1 way of looking at authorship is consistently to think of your own writing as someone. I began writing a notice. You can also examine the complete foreword on my own weblog. You’ve been writing for approximately ten decades today, and you have to have a authoritative, catchy design to your own creating. You are willing to make these mistakes frequently as you’re composing an extended component of article. Now you’re prepared to start your very first novel. So, now you’ve composed your novel. A sizeable part just


1256696  regular basis.” The court found that there was strong evidence that being present during regular working hours was an essential function of the plaintiff’s job and that the plaintiff did not present any evidence to the contrary. As a result, the court upheld the dismissal of the plaintiff’s claims on summary judgment.


Takeaway: Although telecommuting may be a reasonable accommodation for a disabled employee in certain circumstances, it is generally not a reasonable accommodation when in-person attendance is an essential function of the employee’s job.


Yes – a sincere belief that an employee made threats of violence is perhaps one of the strongest defenses available to claims for wrongful termination. A recent decision from the Ninth Circuit illustrates this principle well.


In Mayo v. PCC Structurals, Inc., the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals rejected claims for disability discrimination asserted by an employee who made threats of violence in the workplace. No. 13-35643 (9th Cir. July 28, 2015). The employee made multiple threatening comments. He told one employee that he felt “like coming down with a shotgun and blowing off” the heads of a supervisor and a manager. He told another employee that he planned to “take out management.” On another occasion, he said that he wanted “to bring a gun down and start shooting people.” After these threats were reported, the employer terminated the employee.


In his lawsuit, the employee alleged that the employer discriminated against him on the basis of his disability, major depressive disorder. The court dismissed the employee’s claim for failure to establish a prima facie case because the employee could not establish that he was a “qualified individual with a disability.” The court explained that:


An essential function of almost every job is the ability to appropriately handle stress and interact with others. And while an employee can be qualified despite adverse reactions to stress, he is not qualified when that stress leads him to threaten to kill his co-workers in chilling detail and on multiple occasions (here, at least five times). This vastly disproportionate reaction demonstrated that Mayo could not perform an “essential function” of his job, and was not a “qualified individual.” This is true regardless of whether Mayo’s threats stemmed from his major depressive disorder.


Takeaway: Employers do not need to tolerate threats of violence in the workplace even if they result from a disability. As the court explained in Mayo, federal and state anti-discrimination laws do not “require employers to play dice with the lives of their workforce.”<|endoftext|>Models Amber Rose and Blac Chyna came to the Microsoft Theater in Los Angeles Sunday night in body suits covered in misogynist slurs like "whore," "gold digger," "bitch" and "slut." They were accompanied by two friends wearing black and white outfits decorated with the anti-gay slur, "faggot."


Also at the VMAs, Rose's famous ex, Kanye West, will be honored with the Video Vanguard award Sunday evening. Earlier this year, West remarked that he had to "take 30 showers" after dating her and moving on to his now-wife, Kim Kardashian. At the time, Rose countered, "We were happy when we were together! And now all of the sudden, I'm getting slut-shamed because we're not together anymore and it's not fair."


She later took to Instagram to open up about being the target of slut-shaming, specifically from her ex. "It's important for me because I deal with it every day," she said in March. "I deal with it via social media, people out on the street. I feel like women deal with that constantly on a daily basis, and I'm sick of it. I'm here for my girls."


Rose and Chyna are also slated to star in a reality show together, and Rose is organizing a large-scale Slut Walk in October in Los Angeles.


Nearly two decades after the late icon denied the filmmaker’s request to license his music for Velvet Goldmine, Haynes’ bittersweet mash note to glam rock, Bowie’s breakthrough single, “Space Oddity,” haunts the soundtrack of Haynes’ new movie Wonderstruck. It’s the first hint the films share more than a director.


On the surface, they couldn’t be more different. Released on just 85 screens in the fall of 1998, Goldmine is a thematically ambitious, structurally complex meditation on fandom and identity whose frank depiction of queer sexuality earned it an R rating. The film is prefaced by this disclaimer: “Although what you are about to see is a work of fiction, it should nevertheless be played at maximum volume,” a reference to a similar note on copies of Bowie’s Ziggy Stardust. Its fragmented narrative swirls around Brian Slade (Jonathan Rhys Meyers), a Bowie surrogate who disappears after faking his own onstage death.


Wonderstruck, a largely silent adaptation of Brian Selznick’s bestselling 2011 children’s novel of the same name, is a family-friendly picture intended for wide release. Its relatively simple plot — adapted for the screen by Selznick himself — concerns a boy searching for a father he’s never met. And yet the film feels like a spiritual sequel to Goldmine.


Wonderstruck’s hero is 12-year-old Ben (Oakes Fegley), a gentle, dreamy kid in rural Minnesota who has transformed his bedroom into a miniature museum of jarred and tagged specimens. The year is 1977. Ben’s beloved mother (Michelle Williams) has recently died in a car crash, he’s living with his aunt’s family and all he knows about his father is his first name and the address of the Manhattan bookstore where he once worked.