{ "56ddde6b9a695914005b9628": "France", "56ddde6b9a695914005b9629": "10th and 11th centuries", "56ddde6b9a695914005b962a": "Denmark, Iceland and Norway", "56ddde6b9a695914005b962b": "Rollo,", "56ddde6b9a695914005b962c": "10th", "5ad39d53604f3c001a3fe8d1": "", "5ad39d53604f3c001a3fe8d2": "", "5ad39d53604f3c001a3fe8d3": "", "5ad39d53604f3c001a3fe8d4": "", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad5f": "William the Conqueror,", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad60": "Richard I", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad61": "The Normans were famed for their martial spirit and eventually for their Christian piety, becoming exponents of the Catholic orthodoxy into which they assimilated.", "5ad3a266604f3c001a3fea27": "", "5ad3a266604f3c001a3fea28": "", "5ad3a266604f3c001a3fea29": "", "5ad3a266604f3c001a3fea2a": "Richard I", "5ad3a266604f3c001a3fea2b": "", "56dde0379a695914005b9636": "\"Northman\"", "56dde0379a695914005b9637": "9th century)", "5ad3ab70604f3c001a3feb89": "", "5ad3ab70604f3c001a3feb8a": "", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad75": "911", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad76": "King Charles III of West Francia", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad77": "the river Seine,", "5ad3ad61604f3c001a3fec0d": "", "5ad3ad61604f3c001a3fec0e": "", "5ad3ad61604f3c001a3fec0f": "", "5ad3ad61604f3c001a3fec10": "further Viking incursions.", "56dde1d966d3e219004dad8d": "", "5ad3ae14604f3c001a3fec39": "", "5ad3ae14604f3c001a3fec3a": "Danes, Norwegians, Norse\u2013Gaels, Orkney Vikings,", "56dde27d9a695914005b9651": "", "56dde27d9a695914005b9652": "the north", "5ad3af11604f3c001a3fec63": "", "5ad3af11604f3c001a3fec64": "Frankish heritage", "5ad3af11604f3c001a3fec65": "", "56dde2fa66d3e219004dad9b": "fighting horsemen", "5ad3c626604f3c001a3ff011": "", "5ad3c626604f3c001a3ff012": "", "5ad3c626604f3c001a3ff013": "", "56de0f6a4396321400ee257f": "the Pechenegs, the Bulgars, and especially the Seljuk Turks.", "5ad3dbc6604f3c001a3ff3e9": "", "5ad3dbc6604f3c001a3ff3ea": "the Pechenegs, the Bulgars, and especially the Seljuk Turks.", "5ad3dbc6604f3c001a3ff3eb": "", "5ad3dbc6604f3c001a3ff3ec": "the Sicilian campaign", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258d": "1050s.", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258e": "1060s,", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258f": "Alexius Komnenos.", "5ad3de8b604f3c001a3ff467": "", "5ad3de8b604f3c001a3ff468": "", "5ad3de8b604f3c001a3ff469": "", "5ad3de8b604f3c001a3ff46a": "", "56de10b44396321400ee2593": "Afranji,", "56de10b44396321400ee2594": "Oursel", "56de10b44396321400ee2595": "Turkish forces", "5ad3e96b604f3c001a3ff689": "Turkish forces", "5ad3e96b604f3c001a3ff68a": "", "5ad3e96b604f3c001a3ff68b": "Raimbaud.", "5ad3e96b604f3c001a3ff68c": "the upper Euphrates valley in northern Syria.", "56de11154396321400ee25aa": "", "5ad3ea79604f3c001a3ff6e9": "Byzantine Greece", "5ad3ea79604f3c001a3ff6ea": "", "5ad3ea79604f3c001a3ff6eb": "", "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bc": "Robert Guiscard,", "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bd": "February 1082,", "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5be": "30,000", "5ad3ed26604f3c001a3ff799": "", "5ad3ed26604f3c001a3ff79a": "", "5ad3ed26604f3c001a3ff79b": "", "5ad3ed26604f3c001a3ff79c": "30,000", "56de15104396321400ee25b7": "Deabolis.", "56de15104396321400ee25b8": "Bohemond,", "56de15104396321400ee25b9": "Deabolis,", "5ad3ee2d604f3c001a3ff7e1": "", "5ad3ee2d604f3c001a3ff7e2": "", "5ad3ee2d604f3c001a3ff7e3": "Robert", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c2": "1185,", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c3": "Dyrrachium,", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c4": "the Adriatic\u2014fell", "5ad3f028604f3c001a3ff823": "", "5ad3f028604f3c001a3ff824": "high Byzantine officials.", "5ad3f028604f3c001a3ff825": "", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c8": "King Ethelred II of England.", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c9": "Duke Richard II of Normandy,", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5ca": "Normandy", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5cb": "Sweyn Forkbeard.", "5ad3f187604f3c001a3ff86f": "", "5ad3f187604f3c001a3ff870": "", "5ad3f187604f3c001a3ff871": "", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d0": "Harthacnut,", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d1": "1041,", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d2": "Robert of Jumi\u00e8ges", "5ad3f350604f3c001a3ff8ef": "1041,", "5ad3f350604f3c001a3ff8f0": "", "5ad3f350604f3c001a3ff8f1": "", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c5": "Battle of Hastings.", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c6": "Duke William II of Normandy", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c7": "1066,", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c8": "Anglo-Saxons", "5ad3f4b1604f3c001a3ff951": "", "5ad3f4b1604f3c001a3ff952": "", "5ad3f4b1604f3c001a3ff953": "", "5ad3f4b1604f3c001a3ff954": "", "56de1728cffd8e1900b4b5d7": "Middle English.", "5ad3f5b0604f3c001a3ff9ab": "", "5ad3f5b0604f3c001a3ff9ac": "", "5ad3f5b0604f3c001a3ff9ad": "Geoffrey Chaucer.", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5da": "1169.", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5db": "", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5dc": "Both cultures", "5ad3f6f5604f3c001a3ffa09": "", "5ad3f6f5604f3c001a3ffa0a": "", "5ad3f6f5604f3c001a3ffa0b": "", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e0": "", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e1": "King Malcolm III", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e2": "1072,", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e3": "his son Duncan", "5ad3f7ac604f3c001a3ffa3b": "", "5ad3f7ac604f3c001a3ffa3c": "", "5ad3f7ac604f3c001a3ffa3d": "his son Duncan", "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6be": "Sybilla of Normandy,", "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6bf": "Normans and Norman culture", "5ad3f8d2604f3c001a3ffa8d": "", "5ad3f8d2604f3c001a3ffa8e": "", "56de3d594396321400ee26ca": "Hereford", "56de3d594396321400ee26cb": "the Welsh.", "56de3d594396321400ee26cc": "Edward the Confessor", "5ad3fb01604f3c001a3ffb35": "", "5ad3fb01604f3c001a3ffb36": "", "56de3dbacffd8e1900b4b6d2": "the Marches", "5ad3fb6e604f3c001a3ffb5f": "", "5ad3fb6e604f3c001a3ffb60": "", "56de3e414396321400ee26d8": "1018,", "56de3e414396321400ee26d9": "William of Montreuil", "5ad3fc41604f3c001a3ffb8f": "Antioch.", "5ad3fc41604f3c001a3ffb90": "", "5ad3fc41604f3c001a3ffb91": "", "5ad3fc41604f3c001a3ffb92": "", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e6": "1097,", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e7": "Tancred", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e8": "Jerusalem", "5ad4017a604f3c001a3ffd1f": "", "5ad4017a604f3c001a3ffd20": "", "56de3efccffd8e1900b4b6fe": "380 years.", "5ad401f2604f3c001a3ffd41": "", "5ad401f2604f3c001a3ffd42": "", "56de3f784396321400ee26fa": "a storm", "56de3f784396321400ee26fb": "Berengaria", "56de3f784396321400ee26fc": "1191", "56de3f784396321400ee26fd": "Isaac Komnenos.", "5ad40280604f3c001a3ffd57": "", "5ad40280604f3c001a3ffd58": "", "5ad40280604f3c001a3ffd59": "", "56de40da4396321400ee2708": "Conrad of Montferrat.", "56de40da4396321400ee2709": "silver", "56de40da4396321400ee270a": "Guy de Lusignan.", "5ad404a6604f3c001a3ffde1": "", "5ad404a6604f3c001a3ffde2": "", "5ad404a6604f3c001a3ffde3": "", "56de49564396321400ee277a": "Africa.", "5ad40419604f3c001a3ffdb7": "", "5ad40419604f3c001a3ffdb8": "", "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a7": "Bethencourt", "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a8": "Enrique P\u00e9rez de Guzm\u00e1n, 2nd Count de Niebla.", "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a9": "Maciot de Bethencourt", "5ad403c1604f3c001a3ffd97": "", "5ad403c1604f3c001a3ffd98": "", "56de4a474396321400ee2786": "Jersey and Guernsey in the Channel Islands.", "56de4a474396321400ee2787": "two customaries", "5ad40358604f3c001a3ffd7d": "", "5ad40358604f3c001a3ffd7e": "", "5ad40358604f3c001a3ffd7f": "", "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7bd": "Romanesque", "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7be": "rounded arches,", "5ad402ce604f3c001a3ffd67": "rounded arches,", "56de4b074396321400ee2793": "Early Gothic.", "56de4b074396321400ee2794": "Anglo-Saxon", "56de4b074396321400ee2795": "Kingdom of Sicily.", "5ad400b0604f3c001a3ffcdf": "", "5ad400b0604f3c001a3ffce0": "", "5ad400b0604f3c001a3ffce1": "", "56de4b5c4396321400ee2799": "early 11th century", "56de4b5c4396321400ee279a": "the dukes", "5ad3ffd7604f3c001a3ffca7": "", "5ad3ffd7604f3c001a3ffca8": "", "5ad3ffd7604f3c001a3ffca9": "", "5ad3ffd7604f3c001a3ffcaa": "", "56de4bb84396321400ee27a2": "16th century", "5ad3ff1b604f3c001a3ffc73": "", "5ad3ff1b604f3c001a3ffc74": "", "56de4c324396321400ee27ab": "embroidery.", "56de4c324396321400ee27ac": "the Bayeux Tapestry,", "56de4c324396321400ee27ad": "Odo,", "5ad3fe91604f3c001a3ffc47": "", "5ad3fe91604f3c001a3ffc48": "", "56de51244396321400ee27ef": "mosaics,", "5ad3fe0d604f3c001a3ffc1b": "", "5ad3fe0d604f3c001a3ffc1c": "", "5ad3fe0d604f3c001a3ffc1d": "", "56de51c64396321400ee27f7": "11th", "56de51c64396321400ee27f8": "William of Volpiano and John of Ravenna,", "5ad3fd68604f3c001a3ffbe7": "", "5ad3fd68604f3c001a3ffbe8": "musical production and education.", "56de52614396321400ee27fb": "southern Italy,", "56de52614396321400ee27fc": "Sant'Eufemia.", "56de52614396321400ee27fd": "Robert Guiscard", "56de52614396321400ee27fe": "singing", "5ad3fccf604f3c001a3ffbb5": "", "56e16182e3433e1400422e28": "Computational complexity theory", "56e16182e3433e1400422e29": "inherent difficulty,", "56e16182e3433e1400422e2a": "computational problem", "5ad5316b5b96ef001a10ab72": "", "5ad5316b5b96ef001a10ab73": "Computational complexity theory", "5ad5316b5b96ef001a10ab74": "", "5ad5316b5b96ef001a10ab75": "", "5ad5316b5b96ef001a10ab76": "", "56e16839cd28a01900c67887": "significant resources,", "56e16839cd28a01900c67888": "", "56e16839cd28a01900c67889": "", "56e16839cd28a01900c6788a": "number of gates in a circuit", "56e16839cd28a01900c6788b": "limits on what computers can and cannot do.", "5ad532575b96ef001a10ab7c": "", "5ad532575b96ef001a10ab7d": "", "5ad532575b96ef001a10ab7e": "", "5ad532575b96ef001a10ab7f": "", "5ad532575b96ef001a10ab80": "", "56e17644e3433e1400422f40": "analysis of algorithms and computability", "56e17644e3433e1400422f41": "", "56e17644e3433e1400422f42": "computational complexity theory", "56e17644e3433e1400422f43": "", "5ad5344b5b96ef001a10ab86": "", "5ad5344b5b96ef001a10ab87": "", "5ad5344b5b96ef001a10ab88": "", "5ad5344b5b96ef001a10ab89": "", "5ad5344b5b96ef001a10ab8a": "", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a1": "a problem instance,", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a2": "a problem", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a3": "concrete", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a4": "", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a5": "solution", "5ad5364c5b96ef001a10ab90": "", "5ad5364c5b96ef001a10ab91": "", "5ad5364c5b96ef001a10ab92": "", "5ad5364c5b96ef001a10ab93": "", "5ad5364c5b96ef001a10ab94": "", "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f7f": "2000", "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f80": "asking for a round trip through all sites in Milan whose total length is at most 10 km.", "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f81": "", "5ad537a15b96ef001a10ab9a": "", "5ad537a15b96ef001a10ab9b": "", "5ad537a15b96ef001a10ab9c": "asking for a round trip through all sites in Milan whose total length is at most 10 km.", "5ad537a15b96ef001a10ab9d": "", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa0": "problem instance", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa1": "binary alphabet", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa2": "", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa3": "binary notation,", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa4": "directly via their adjacency matrices,", "5ad5391e5b96ef001a10aba2": "", "5ad5391e5b96ef001a10aba3": "", "5ad5391e5b96ef001a10aba4": "", "5ad5391e5b96ef001a10aba5": "", "5ad5391e5b96ef001a10aba6": "", "56e190bce3433e1400422fc8": "Decision problems", "56e190bce3433e1400422fc9": "yes or no,", "56e190bce3433e1400422fca": "1 or 0. A decision problem can be viewed as a formal language, where the members of the language are instances whose output is yes, and the non-members", "56e190bce3433e1400422fcb": "yes", "56e190bce3433e1400422fcc": "yes", "5ad53b9d5b96ef001a10abc8": "", "5ad53b9d5b96ef001a10abc9": "", "5ad53b9d5b96ef001a10abca": "", "5ad53b9d5b96ef001a10abcb": "", "5ad53b9d5b96ef001a10abcc": "yes", "56e19557e3433e1400422fee": "arbitrary", "56e19557e3433e1400422ff0": "formal language", "56e19557e3433e1400422ff1": "how graphs are encoded as binary strings.", "5ad53d705b96ef001a10abd2": "", "5ad53d705b96ef001a10abd3": "", "5ad53d705b96ef001a10abd4": "", "5ad53d705b96ef001a10abd5": "", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f6": "computational problem", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f7": "a single output", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f8": "function problem", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f9": "the integer factorization problem.", "56e19724cd28a01900c679fa": "complex", "5ad53e615b96ef001a10abda": "", "5ad53e615b96ef001a10abdb": "", "5ad53e615b96ef001a10abdc": "", "5ad53e615b96ef001a10abdd": "", "5ad53e615b96ef001a10abde": "complex", "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2e": "as decision problems.", "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2f": "the set of triples", "5ad53f815b96ef001a10abe4": "", "5ad53f815b96ef001a10abe5": "", "5ad53f815b96ef001a10abe6": "", "56e1a38de3433e140042305c": "size of the instance.", "56e1a38de3433e140042305d": "the instance", "56e1a38de3433e140042305e": "as a function of the size of the instance.", "56e1a38de3433e140042305f": "bits", "56e1a38de3433e1400423060": "input size.", "5ad541ad5b96ef001a10abea": "", "5ad541ad5b96ef001a10abeb": "", "5ad541ad5b96ef001a10abec": "", "5ad541ad5b96ef001a10abed": "", "5ad541ad5b96ef001a10abee": "", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a48": "Cobham's", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a49": "time taken", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4a": "", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4b": "", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4c": "a polynomial time algorithm.", "5ad542db5b96ef001a10abf4": "", "5ad542db5b96ef001a10abf5": "", "5ad542db5b96ef001a10abf6": "", "5ad542db5b96ef001a10abf7": "", "5ad542db5b96ef001a10abf8": "", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423094": "Turing machine", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423095": "an algorithm,", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423097": "the Turing machine", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423098": "symbols", "5ad543c05b96ef001a10abfe": "", "5ad543c05b96ef001a10abff": "", "5ad543c05b96ef001a10ac00": "", "5ad543c05b96ef001a10ac01": "", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a68": "deterministic", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a69": "a fixed set of rules to determine its future actions.", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6a": "probabilistic", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6b": "non-deterministic Turing machine", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6c": "randomized algorithms.", "5ad546c75b96ef001a10ac0e": "", "5ad546c75b96ef001a10ac0f": "", "5ad546c75b96ef001a10ac10": "", "5ad546c75b96ef001a10ac11": "", "5ad546c75b96ef001a10ac12": "", "56e1b00ce3433e140042309e": "complexity classes,", "56e1b00ce3433e140042309f": "time or space) are bounded,", "56e1b00ce3433e14004230a1": "deterministic Turing machines, probabilistic Turing machines,", "5ad545545b96ef001a10ac06": "", "5ad545545b96ef001a10ac07": "resources (such as time or space) are bounded,", "5ad545545b96ef001a10ac08": "", "5ad545545b96ef001a10ac09": "", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a72": "random access machines.", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a73": "", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a74": "time and memory consumption", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a75": "the machines operate deterministically.", "5ad547945b96ef001a10ac18": "", "5ad547945b96ef001a10ac19": "time and memory consumption", "5ad547945b96ef001a10ac1a": "", "5ad547945b96ef001a10ac1b": "", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b0": "non-deterministic", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b1": "unusual resources.", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b2": "mathematical models", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b3": "non-deterministic time", "5ad5489b5b96ef001a10ac2a": "", "5ad5489b5b96ef001a10ac2b": "", "5ad5489b5b96ef001a10ac2c": "", "5ad5489b5b96ef001a10ac2d": "", "5ad5489b5b96ef001a10ac2e": "", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa3": "the total number of state transitions, or steps,", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa4": "difficulty,", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa5": "DTIME(f(n)).", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa6": "time", "5ad54a375b96ef001a10ac48": "", "5ad54a375b96ef001a10ac49": "", "5ad54a375b96ef001a10ac4a": "DTIME(f(n)).", "5ad54a375b96ef001a10ac4b": "", "5ad54a375b96ef001a10ac4c": "", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abc": "complexity", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abd": "computational", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abe": "Blum complexity axioms.", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abf": "complexity", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67ac0": "complexity", "5ad54b035b96ef001a10ac52": "", "5ad54b035b96ef001a10ac53": "", "5ad54b035b96ef001a10ac54": "", "5ad54b035b96ef001a10ac55": "", "5ad54b035b96ef001a10ac56": "", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e6": "best, worst and average", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e7": "", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e8": "time complexity", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e9": "time complexity", "5ad54c2f5b96ef001a10ac5c": "", "5ad54c2f5b96ef001a10ac5d": "", "5ad54c2f5b96ef001a10ac5e": "", "5ad54c2f5b96ef001a10ac5f": "", "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae0": "quicksort.", "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae1": "worst-case", "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae2": "O(n2)", "5ad54d625b96ef001a10ac64": "", "5ad54d625b96ef001a10ac65": "", "5ad54d625b96ef001a10ac66": "worst-case", "5ad54d625b96ef001a10ac67": "", "5ad54d625b96ef001a10ac68": "", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423104": "the most efficient algorithm", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423105": "analysis of algorithms.", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423106": "lower", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423107": "", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423108": "", "5ad54e7c5b96ef001a10ac76": "proving upper and lower bounds on the minimum amount of time required by the most efficient algorithm solving a given problem.", "5ad54e7c5b96ef001a10ac77": "", "5ad54e7c5b96ef001a10ac78": "", "5ad54e7c5b96ef001a10ac79": "", "5ad54e7c5b96ef001a10ac7a": "", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afc": "big O notation,", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afd": "constant factors and smaller terms.", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afe": "T(n) = O(n2).", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67aff": "specific details of the computational model used.", "5ad54f775b96ef001a10ac88": "", "5ad54f775b96ef001a10ac89": "", "5ad54f775b96ef001a10ac8a": "", "5ad54f775b96ef001a10ac8b": "T(n) = O(n2).", "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2c": "complexity classes", "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2d": "complexity class", "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2e": "complicated definitions", "5ad5501f5b96ef001a10ac90": "", "5ad5501f5b96ef001a10ac91": "", "5ad5501f5b96ef001a10ac92": "", "5ad5501f5b96ef001a10ac93": "", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423134": "the chosen machine model.", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423135": "linear time", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423136": "single-tape", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423137": "Cobham-Edmonds thesis", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423138": "complexity class P,", "5ad55ee35b96ef001a10ace4": "", "5ad55ee35b96ef001a10ace5": "", "5ad55ee35b96ef001a10ace6": "", "5ad55ee35b96ef001a10ace7": "", "5ad55ee35b96ef001a10ace8": "", "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423148": "time or space", "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423149": "", "56e1c3e1e3433e140042314a": "complexity classes", "5ad55fe75b96ef001a10ad0c": "", "5ad55fe75b96ef001a10ad0d": "time or space", "5ad55fe75b96ef001a10ad0e": "", "5ad55fe75b96ef001a10ad0f": "", "56e1c4fce3433e140042314e": "BPP, ZPP and RP,", "56e1c4fce3433e140042314f": "Boolean circuits;", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423150": "quantum", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423151": "", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423152": "Interactive proof systems.", "5ad560b85b96ef001a10ad1e": "", "5ad560b85b96ef001a10ad1f": "", "5ad560b85b96ef001a10ad20": "", "5ad560b85b96ef001a10ad21": "", "5ad560b85b96ef001a10ad22": "", "56e1c720e3433e140042316a": "computation time", "56e1c720e3433e140042316b": "DTIME(n2),", "56e1c720e3433e140042316c": "time and space hierarchy theorems", "56e1c720e3433e140042316d": "a proper hierarchy", "56e1c720e3433e140042316e": "quantitative", "5ad561c85b96ef001a10ad3c": "", "5ad561c85b96ef001a10ad3d": "", "5ad561c85b96ef001a10ad3e": "", "5ad561c85b96ef001a10ad3f": "", "5ad561c85b96ef001a10ad40": "", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b74": "The time and space hierarchy theorems", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b75": "", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b76": "PSPACE.", "5ad562525b96ef001a10ad50": "", "5ad562525b96ef001a10ad51": "", "5ad562525b96ef001a10ad52": "", "5ad562525b96ef001a10ad53": "", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423192": "a reduction.", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423193": "another problem.", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423194": "reduces", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423195": "Cook reductions, Karp reductions and Levin reductions,", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423196": "complexity of reductions,", "5ad5632f5b96ef001a10ad6c": "", "5ad5632f5b96ef001a10ad6d": "", "5ad5632f5b96ef001a10ad6e": "", "5ad5632f5b96ef001a10ad6f": "", "5ad5632f5b96ef001a10ad70": "", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bac": "polynomial-time reduction.", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bad": "multiplying two integers can be used to square an integer. Indeed, this can be done by giving the same input to both inputs of the multiplication algorithm. Thus we see that squaring is not more difficult than multiplication,", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bae": "polynomial time.", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67baf": "the same input", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bb0": "multiplication,", "5ad5648b5b96ef001a10ad94": "", "5ad5648b5b96ef001a10ad95": "", "5ad5648b5b96ef001a10ad96": "", "5ad5648b5b96ef001a10ad97": "", "5ad5648b5b96ef001a10ad98": "", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a4": "the type of reduction being used.", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a5": "", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a6": "solve any problem in C.", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a8": "the set of NP-hard problems.", "5ad565575b96ef001a10adb2": "", "5ad565575b96ef001a10adb3": "an algorithm for X", "5ad565575b96ef001a10adb4": "", "5ad565575b96ef001a10adb5": "", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cb": "NP-complete", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cc": "P", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cd": "there is no known polynomial-time solution for \u03a01.", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231ce": "NP", "5ad566375b96ef001a10adce": "", "5ad566375b96ef001a10adcf": "", "5ad566375b96ef001a10add0": "", "5ad566375b96ef001a10add1": "", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bca": "P", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcb": "the Cobham\u2013Edmonds thesis.", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcc": "", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcd": "the vertex cover problem.", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bce": "deterministic Turing machines", "5ad567055b96ef001a10adea": "", "5ad567055b96ef001a10adeb": "", "5ad567055b96ef001a10adec": "", "5ad567055b96ef001a10aded": "", "5ad567055b96ef001a10adee": "", "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d5": "more efficient solutions.", "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d6": "protein structure prediction", "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d8": "US$1,000,000", "5ad568175b96ef001a10ae10": "", "5ad568175b96ef001a10ae11": "", "5ad568175b96ef001a10ae12": "", "5ad568175b96ef001a10ae13": "", "5ad568175b96ef001a10ae14": "", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd4": "Ladner", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd5": "NP-intermediate problems.", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd6": "the integer factorization problem", "5ad568d35b96ef001a10ae1a": "", "5ad568d35b96ef001a10ae1b": "The graph isomorphism problem, the discrete logarithm problem and the integer factorization problem", "5ad568d35b96ef001a10ae1c": "", "5ad568d35b96ef001a10ae1d": "", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fc": "graph isomorphism problem", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fd": "", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fe": "", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231ff": "second level.", "56e1e9dfe3433e1400423200": "Laszlo Babai and Eugene Luks", "5ad569c05b96ef001a10ae36": "", "5ad569c05b96ef001a10ae37": "", "5ad569c05b96ef001a10ae38": "", "5ad569c05b96ef001a10ae39": "", "5ad569c05b96ef001a10ae3a": "", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0a": "", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0b": "k", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0c": "", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0e": "general number field sieve,", "5ad56aea5b96ef001a10ae48": "", "5ad56aea5b96ef001a10ae49": "", "5ad56aea5b96ef001a10ae4a": "", "5ad56aea5b96ef001a10ae4b": "", "5ad56aea5b96ef001a10ae4c": "", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423210": "unequal,", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423211": "P \u2286 NP \u2286 PP \u2286 PSPACE,", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423212": "between P and PSPACE,", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423214": "Proving that any of these classes are unequal", "5ad56bcd5b96ef001a10ae62": "", "5ad56bcd5b96ef001a10ae63": "P \u2286 NP \u2286 PP \u2286 PSPACE,", "5ad56bcd5b96ef001a10ae64": "between P and PSPACE,", "5ad56bcd5b96ef001a10ae65": "", "5ad56bcd5b96ef001a10ae66": "", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321a": "co-NP", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321b": "reversed)", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321c": "not equal", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321d": "P is not equal to NP.", "5ad56c6b5b96ef001a10ae6c": "", "5ad56c6b5b96ef001a10ae6d": "", "5ad56c6b5b96ef001a10ae6e": "", "5ad56c6b5b96ef001a10ae6f": "", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423222": "L", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423223": "", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423224": "many complexity classes", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423225": "NL and NC,", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423226": "if they are distinct or equal classes.", "5ad56d3e5b96ef001a10ae84": "", "5ad56d3e5b96ef001a10ae85": "", "5ad56d3e5b96ef001a10ae86": "complexity classes", "5ad56d3e5b96ef001a10ae87": "", "5ad56d3e5b96ef001a10ae88": "not known if they are distinct or equal classes.", "56e1fc57e3433e140042322c": "intractable problems.", "56e1fc57e3433e140042322f": "exponential-time", "56e1fc57e3433e1400423230": "NP-complete problems", "5ad56e5c5b96ef001a10ae9e": "", "5ad56e5c5b96ef001a10ae9f": "", "5ad56e5c5b96ef001a10aea0": "", "5ad56e5c5b96ef001a10aea1": "", "5ad56e5c5b96ef001a10aea2": "", "56e1febfe3433e1400423236": "Presburger", "56e1febfe3433e1400423237": "algorithms have been written that solve the problem in reasonable times in most cases.", "56e1febfe3433e1400423238": "NP-complete knapsack problem", "56e1febfe3433e1400423239": "less than quadratic time", "56e1febfe3433e140042323a": "NP-complete Boolean satisfiability problem.", "5ad56ef05b96ef001a10aea8": "Presburger", "5ad56ef05b96ef001a10aea9": "", "5ad56ef05b96ef001a10aeaa": "", "5ad56ef05b96ef001a10aeab": "", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c14": "", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c15": "Alan Turing", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c16": "Turing machines", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c17": "1936,", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c18": "a computer.", "5ad56fe65b96ef001a10aec2": "", "5ad56fe65b96ef001a10aec3": "", "5ad56fe65b96ef001a10aec4": "", "5ad56fe65b96ef001a10aec5": "", "5ad56fe65b96ef001a10aec6": "a computer.", "56e202e9e3433e1400423240": "\"On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms\" by Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns (1965),", "56e202e9e3433e1400423241": "Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns", "56e202e9e3433e1400423242": "1965", "56e202e9e3433e1400423243": "time and space", "56e202e9e3433e1400423244": "(1965), which laid out the definitions of time and space complexity and proved the hierarchy theorems. Also, in 1965", "5ad570b25b96ef001a10aedc": "", "5ad570b25b96ef001a10aedd": "", "5ad570b25b96ef001a10aede": "", "5ad570b25b96ef001a10aedf": "time and space complexity", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1e": "John Myhill's", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1f": "", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c20": "Hisao Yamada's", "5ad5719f5b96ef001a10aeec": "", "5ad5719f5b96ef001a10aeed": "", "5ad5719f5b96ef001a10aeee": "", "5ad5719f5b96ef001a10aeef": "", "5ad5719f5b96ef001a10aef0": "", "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c24": "input encoding,", "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c25": "", "5ad53ac65b96ef001a10abac": "", "5ad53ac65b96ef001a10abad": "", "5ad53ac65b96ef001a10abae": "", "5ad53ac65b96ef001a10abaf": "", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324a": "Manuel Blum", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324b": "speed-up theorem. The field really began to flourish in 1971 when the US researcher Stephen Cook and, working independently, Leonid Levin in the USSR, proved that there exist practically relevant problems that are NP-complete.", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324d": "\"Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems\",", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324e": "21", "5ad572b15b96ef001a10af06": "", "5ad572b15b96ef001a10af07": "", "5ad572b15b96ef001a10af08": "", "5ad572b15b96ef001a10af09": "", "5ad572b15b96ef001a10af0a": "", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d4": "SoCal,", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d5": "10", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d6": "economic center", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d7": "economic", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d8": "historical political divisions.", "5ad0178577cf76001a68698a": "", "5ad0178577cf76001a68698b": "Kern and San Luis Obispo counties,", "5ad0178577cf76001a68698c": "Southern California", "5705e33f52bb89140068964c": "the greater Southern California Megaregion,", "5705e33f52bb89140068964d": "11", "5705e33f52bb89140068964e": "Nevada,", "5705e33f52bb89140068964f": "Mexican border", "5705e33f52bb891400689650": "Tijuana.", "5ad0185a77cf76001a6869b8": "", "5ad0185a77cf76001a6869b9": "", "5ad0185a77cf76001a6869ba": "", "5705e3f252bb89140068966a": "Pacific", "5705e3f252bb89140068966b": "seven", "5705e3f252bb89140068966c": "12 million", "5705e3f252bb89140068966d": "", "5705e3f252bb89140068966e": "17.5 million", "5ad01a6277cf76001a686a0c": "60", "5ad01a6277cf76001a686a0d": "", "5ad01a6277cf76001a686a0e": "", "5ad01a6277cf76001a686a0f": "", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7704": "Colorado River", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7705": "Colorado Desert", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7706": "Mojave Desert", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7707": "the Mexico\u2013United States border.", "5ad01c8877cf76001a686a64": "", "5ad01c8877cf76001a686a65": "", "5ad01c8877cf76001a686a66": "south", "5705e63175f01819005e7720": "California", "5705e63175f01819005e7721": "3,792,621,", "5705e63175f01819005e7722": "Los Angeles", "5705e63175f01819005e7723": "San Diego,", "5705e63175f01819005e7724": "south", "5ad01e4677cf76001a686aa6": "", "5ad01e4677cf76001a686aa7": "", "5ad01e4677cf76001a686aa8": "", "5ad01e4677cf76001a686aa9": "", "5705e99452bb891400689688": "Los Angeles,", "5705e99452bb891400689689": "", "5705e99452bb89140068968a": "counties", "5705e99452bb89140068968b": "", "5705e99452bb89140068968c": "", "5ad01f0f77cf76001a686ac2": "", "5ad01f0f77cf76001a686ac3": "", "5ad01f0f77cf76001a686ac4": "", "5705eb3375f01819005e7764": "Hollywood,", "5705eb3375f01819005e7765": "Los Angeles,", "5705eb3375f01819005e7766": "The Walt Disney Company", "5705eb3375f01819005e7767": "music", "5705eb3375f01819005e7768": "Sony", "5ad0206677cf76001a686afa": "The Walt Disney Company", "5ad0206677cf76001a686afb": "", "5ad0206677cf76001a686afc": "", "5ad0206677cf76001a686afd": "The Walt Disney Company (which also owns ABC), Sony Pictures, Universal, MGM, Paramount Pictures, 20th Century Fox, and Warner Brothers.", "5705ec1675f01819005e776e": "skateboard", "5705ec1675f01819005e776f": "Tony Hawk,", "5705ec1675f01819005e7770": "Shaun White", "5705ec1675f01819005e7771": "Oahu", "5705ec1675f01819005e7772": "Transpac,", "5ad0220a77cf76001a686b2a": "", "5ad0220a77cf76001a686b2b": "professional surfers", "5ad0220a77cf76001a686b2c": "", "5ad0220a77cf76001a686b2d": "", "5ad0220a77cf76001a686b2e": "", "5705eccb52bb8914006896b8": "Palm Springs", "5705eccb52bb8914006896b9": "popular beaches,", "5705eccb52bb8914006896ba": "southern California coast", "5705eccb52bb8914006896bb": "open spaces.", "5ad0228a77cf76001a686b58": "locals and tourists", "5ad0228a77cf76001a686b59": "", "5ad0228a77cf76001a686b5a": "", "5705edcd52bb8914006896ca": "37\u00b0 9' 58.23\"", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cb": "11", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cc": "ten", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cd": "Tehachapi Mountains", "5705edcd52bb8914006896ce": "northern", "5ad0297e77cf76001a686c3a": "", "5ad0297e77cf76001a686c3b": "", "5ad0297e77cf76001a686c3c": "", "5ad0297e77cf76001a686c3d": "", "5705eee952bb8914006896de": "Mexico", "5705eee952bb8914006896df": "Alta California.", "5705eee952bb8914006896e0": "Monterey", "5705eee952bb8914006896e1": "the Compromise of 1850", "5705eee952bb8914006896e2": "free", "5ad02cde77cf76001a686cc6": "", "5ad02cde77cf76001a686cc7": "", "5ad02cde77cf76001a686cc8": "", "5ad02cde77cf76001a686cc9": "", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a4": "inequitable taxes", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a5": "\"Cow Counties\"", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a6": "three times", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a7": "75%", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a8": "Milton Latham.", "5ad02e5d77cf76001a686d3a": "", "5ad02e5d77cf76001a686d3b": "", "5ad02e5d77cf76001a686d3c": "", "5ad02e5d77cf76001a686d3d": "", "5ad02e5d77cf76001a686d3e": "", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f0": "the Los Angeles Times", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f1": "1900", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f2": "1999", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f3": "county\u2014Imperial\u2014to", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f4": "seven", "5ad02ee077cf76001a686d58": "", "5ad02ee077cf76001a686d59": "", "5ad02ee077cf76001a686d5a": "", "5705f36452bb891400689718": "regional tourism groups", "5705f36452bb891400689719": "California State Automobile Association", "5705f36452bb89140068971a": "the three-region", "5705f36452bb89140068971b": "South of the Tehachapis,", "5705f36452bb89140068971c": "southern California region", "5ad02ff177cf76001a686da2": "AAA Auto Clubs", "5ad02ff177cf76001a686da3": "AAA Auto Clubs", "5ad02ff177cf76001a686da4": "", "5ad02ff177cf76001a686da5": "regional tourism groups", "5705f7c875f01819005e77dc": "third", "5705f7c875f01819005e77dd": "vast areas", "5705f7c875f01819005e77de": "suburban communities and use of automobiles and highways.", "5705f7c875f01819005e77df": "highways.", "5705f7c875f01819005e77e0": "international metropolitan region", "5ad0316a77cf76001a686de4": "Great Lakes Megalopolis and the Northeastern megalopolis.", "5ad0316a77cf76001a686de5": "", "5ad0316a77cf76001a686de6": "", "5705fb7f52bb891400689750": "Camp Pendleton.", "5705fb7f52bb891400689751": "Inland Empire.", "5705fb7f52bb891400689752": "", "5705fb7f52bb891400689753": "Orange", "5705fb7f52bb891400689754": "1990s.", "5ad0331877cf76001a686e16": "", "5ad0331877cf76001a686e17": "L.A. and Orange Counties,", "5ad0331877cf76001a686e18": "", "5ad0331877cf76001a686e19": "Santa Maria and San Luis Obispo", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976a": "Mediterranean", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976b": "infrequent rain", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976c": "90-60's", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976d": "very rare", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976e": "70-50's,", "5ad0381a77cf76001a686e30": "Mediterranean", "5ad0381a77cf76001a686e31": "", "5ad0381a77cf76001a686e32": "", "5ad0381a77cf76001a686e33": "snow", "5705fd8475f01819005e7840": "geologic, topographic, and natural ecosystem landscapes", "5705fd8475f01819005e7841": "Pacific Ocean", "5705fd8475f01819005e7842": "topographic,", "5705fd8475f01819005e7843": "Peninsular Ranges", "5705fd8475f01819005e7844": "valleys,", "5ad0394877cf76001a686e56": "", "5ad0394877cf76001a686e57": "", "5ad0394877cf76001a686e58": "", "5ad0394877cf76001a686e59": "Southern California", "5705fec152bb89140068977a": "10,000", "5705fec152bb89140068977b": "Nearly all of them are so small", "5705fec152bb89140068977c": "6.7", "5705fec152bb89140068977d": "property damage", "5705fec152bb89140068977e": "over $20 billion.", "5ad03c7377cf76001a686ebc": "", "5ad03c7377cf76001a686ebd": "", "5ad03c7377cf76001a686ebe": "", "5ad03c7377cf76001a686ebf": "15\u201320", "5705ffde52bb891400689784": "San Andreas Fault,", "5705ffde52bb891400689785": "magnitude 6.7+", "5705ffde52bb891400689786": "the Puente Hills Fault,", "5705ffde52bb891400689787": "USGS", "5705ffde52bb891400689788": "", "5ad03d2277cf76001a686ecc": "", "5ad03d2277cf76001a686ecd": "San Jacinto Fault, the Puente Hills Fault, and the Elsinore Fault Zone.", "5ad03d2277cf76001a686ece": "", "5ad03d2277cf76001a686ecf": "", "570602fa52bb89140068979e": "economically", "570602fa52bb89140068979f": "global", "570602fa52bb8914006897a0": "economic", "5ad0410977cf76001a686efe": "", "5ad0410977cf76001a686eff": "the hub of economic activity for its respective region", "5ad0410977cf76001a686f00": "", "570603c475f01819005e7882": "2010", "570603c475f01819005e7883": "high growth rates,", "570603c475f01819005e7884": "10.0%", "570603c475f01819005e7885": "", "570603c475f01819005e7886": "Greater Sacramento", "5ad0421177cf76001a686f14": "", "5ad0421177cf76001a686f15": "", "5ad0421177cf76001a686f16": "", "5ad0421177cf76001a686f17": "", "5706074552bb8914006897d4": "Metropolitan Statistical Areas,", "5706074552bb8914006897d5": "two", "5706074552bb8914006897d6": "five million", "5706074552bb8914006897d7": "Southern Border Region.", "5706074552bb8914006897d8": "17,786,419", "5ad042cf77cf76001a686f24": "", "5ad042cf77cf76001a686f25": "", "5ad042cf77cf76001a686f26": "", "5ad042cf77cf76001a686f27": "", "5ad042cf77cf76001a686f28": "", "570607f575f01819005e78b4": "Los Angeles", "570607f575f01819005e78b5": "San Diego (at 1.3 million people),", "570607f575f01819005e78b6": "twelve", "570607f575f01819005e78b7": "100,000", "570607f575f01819005e78b8": "Riverside.", "5ad0440877cf76001a686f3e": "", "5ad0440877cf76001a686f3f": "", "5ad0440877cf76001a686f40": "", "5ad0440877cf76001a686f41": "", "5ad0440877cf76001a686f42": "", "5706094b52bb8914006897de": "petroleum,", "5706094b52bb8914006897df": "Hollywood", "5706094b52bb8914006897e0": "housing bubble", "5706094b52bb8914006897e1": "diverse", "5706094b52bb8914006897e2": "heavily impacted", "5ad044f077cf76001a686f58": "", "5ad044f077cf76001a686f59": "", "5ad044f077cf76001a686f5a": "", "5ad044f077cf76001a686f5b": "", "57060a1175f01819005e78d2": "1920s,", "57060a1175f01819005e78d3": "richest agricultural regions in the U.S.,", "57060a1175f01819005e78d4": "cattle and citrus", "57060a1175f01819005e78d5": "citrus", "57060a1175f01819005e78d6": "", "5ad0458b77cf76001a686f72": "", "5ad0458b77cf76001a686f73": "", "5ad0458b77cf76001a686f74": "", "5ad0458b77cf76001a686f75": "", "57060a6e52bb8914006897f8": "major business districts.", "57060a6e52bb8914006897f9": "Central business districts", "57060a6e52bb8914006897fa": "Downtown San Bernardino,", "5ad0461477cf76001a686f7a": "Central business districts", "5ad0461477cf76001a686f7b": "Downtown Los Angeles, Downtown San Diego, Downtown San Bernardino, Downtown Bakersfield, South Coast Metro and Downtown Riverside.", "5ad0461477cf76001a686f7c": "Downtown San Bernardino,", "57060cc352bb89140068980e": "business districts", "57060cc352bb89140068980f": "Los Angeles Area", "57060cc352bb891400689810": "San Fernando Valley.", "57060cc352bb891400689811": "Los Angeles", "5ad0470477cf76001a686f80": "", "5ad0470477cf76001a686f81": "Downtown Los Angeles central business district", "5ad0470477cf76001a686f82": "Century City, Westwood and Warner Center", "57060df252bb891400689820": "business districts", "57060df252bb891400689821": "Downtown Riverside.", "57060df252bb891400689822": "Hospitality Business/Financial Centre,", "5ad0475c77cf76001a686f86": "Downtown San Bernardino, Hospitality Business/Financial Centre, University Town", "5ad0475c77cf76001a686f87": "", "57060eaf75f01819005e7910": "Orange", "57060eaf75f01819005e7911": "University of California, Irvine.", "57060eaf75f01819005e7912": "West Irvine", "57060eaf75f01819005e7913": "South Coast Metro", "57060eaf75f01819005e7914": "rapidly", "5ad0483977cf76001a686f8a": "Orange County", "5ad0483977cf76001a686f8b": "", "5ad0483977cf76001a686f8c": "international corporations", "5ad0483977cf76001a686f8d": "West Irvine,", "57060f3e75f01819005e7922": "Downtown San Diego", "57060f3e75f01819005e7923": "Northern San Diego and some within North County regions.", "57060f3e75f01819005e7924": "North County", "57060f3e75f01819005e7925": "San Diego is the central business district of San Diego,", "5ad04b2377cf76001a686f92": "Downtown San Diego", "5ad04b2377cf76001a686f93": "", "5ad04b2377cf76001a686f94": "", "570610b275f01819005e792a": "Los Angeles International Airport,", "570610b275f01819005e792b": "passenger volume", "570610b275f01819005e792c": "third", "570610b275f01819005e792d": "San Diego International Airport", "570610b275f01819005e792e": "Van Nuys Airport,", "5ad04bfc77cf76001a686f98": "Los Angeles International Airport,", "5ad04bfc77cf76001a686f99": "San Diego International Airport", "5ad04bfc77cf76001a686f9a": "", "5ad04bfc77cf76001a686f9b": "Orange County, Bakersfield, Ontario, Burbank and Long Beach;", "5706111a52bb89140068984c": "Metrolink,", "5706111a52bb89140068984d": "seven", "5706111a52bb89140068984e": "Six", "5706111a52bb89140068984f": "Orange", "5ad04d3077cf76001a686fa0": "Downtown Los Angeles,", "5ad04d3077cf76001a686fa1": "Metrolink,", "5ad04d3077cf76001a686fa2": "", "570611c475f01819005e793c": "Port of Los Angeles,", "570611c475f01819005e793d": "Port of Long Beach,", "570611c475f01819005e793e": "Southern", "5ad04de377cf76001a686fa6": "", "5ad04de377cf76001a686fa7": "Port of Los Angeles,", "5ad04de377cf76001a686fa8": "", "5ad04de377cf76001a686fa9": "", "5706139252bb891400689864": "The Tech Coast", "5706139252bb891400689865": "world-renowned research universities", "5706139252bb891400689866": "private", "5706139252bb891400689867": "5", "5706139252bb891400689868": "12", "5ad04ecf77cf76001a686fae": "(Irvine, Los Angeles, Riverside, Santa Barbara, and San Diego);", "5ad04ecf77cf76001a686faf": "", "5ad04ecf77cf76001a686fb0": "12", "5ad04ecf77cf76001a686fb1": "", "5ad04ecf77cf76001a686fb2": "", "5706143575f01819005e7950": "Professional", "5706143575f01819005e7951": "NBA", "5706143575f01819005e7952": "MLB", "5706143575f01819005e7953": "(Los Angeles Kings,", "5706143575f01819005e7954": "(LA Galaxy).", "5ad04f7977cf76001a686fb8": "", "5ad04f7977cf76001a686fb9": "", "5ad04f7977cf76001a686fba": "", "5ad04f7977cf76001a686fbb": "", "5ad04f7977cf76001a686fbc": "", "5706149552bb891400689880": "Chivas USA \u2014 that", "5706149552bb891400689881": "two", "5706149552bb891400689882": "2014", "5706149552bb891400689883": "StubHub Center", "5706149552bb891400689884": "2018", "5ad050c877cf76001a686fc2": "two", "5ad050c877cf76001a686fc3": "LA Galaxy and Chivas USA \u2014 that", "5ad050c877cf76001a686fc4": "", "5ad050c877cf76001a686fc5": "2018", "570614ff52bb89140068988a": "College", "570614ff52bb89140068988b": "UCLA", "570614ff52bb89140068988c": "Trojans", "570614ff52bb89140068988d": "Pac-12 Conference,", "570614ff52bb89140068988e": "Division I", "5ad0511577cf76001a686fca": "Bruins", "5ad0511577cf76001a686fcb": "Trojans", "5ad0511577cf76001a686fcc": "Pac-12 Conference,", "5706155352bb891400689894": "Rugby", "5706155352bb891400689895": "high school", "5706155352bb891400689896": "official school sport.", "5ad051be77cf76001a686fd0": "", "57092322efce8f15003a7db0": "BSkyB", "57092322efce8f15003a7db1": "BSkyB", "57092322efce8f15003a7db2": "2014", "57092322efce8f15003a7db3": "British Sky Broadcasting Group plc", "57092322efce8f15003a7db4": "Sky UK Limited,", "5a2c08aebfd06b001a5ae989": "", "5a2c08aebfd06b001a5ae98a": "", "5a2c08aebfd06b001a5ae98b": "", "5a2c08aebfd06b001a5ae98c": "", "5a2c08aebfd06b001a5ae98d": "", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc4": "2006", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc5": "two", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc6": "Sky", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc7": "\u00a31.3bn.", "5a2c0c2fbfd06b001a5ae99b": "", "5a2c0c2fbfd06b001a5ae99c": "", "5a2c0c2fbfd06b001a5ae99d": "", "5a2c0c2fbfd06b001a5ae99e": "", "5a2c0c2fbfd06b001a5ae99f": "", "57094b4f9928a814004714f6": "ONdigital consortium,", "57094b4f9928a814004714f7": "Freeview,", "57094b4f9928a814004714f8": "three", "57094b4f9928a814004714f9": "Sky Three", "57094b4f9928a814004714fa": "", "5a2c14b4bfd06b001a5ae9d3": "", "5a2c14b4bfd06b001a5ae9d4": "", "5a2c14b4bfd06b001a5ae9d5": "", "5a2c14b4bfd06b001a5ae9d6": "", "5a2c14b4bfd06b001a5ae9d7": "", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd6": "Sky+ PVR", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd7": "September 2007,", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd8": "a monthly fee", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd9": "January 2010", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dda": "Sky+HD Box", "5a2c16e3bfd06b001a5ae9e7": "", "5a2c16e3bfd06b001a5ae9e8": "", "5a2c16e3bfd06b001a5ae9e9": "", "5a2c16e3bfd06b001a5ae9ea": "", "5a2c16e3bfd06b001a5ae9eb": "", "57094d489928a8140047150a": "VideoGuard", "57094d489928a8140047150b": "NDS,", "57094d489928a8140047150c": "Cisco Systems", "57094d489928a8140047150d": "BSkyB", "57094d489928a8140047150e": "Sky+", "5a2c3a5cbfd06b001a5aea79": "", "5a2c3a5cbfd06b001a5aea7a": "", "5a2c3a5cbfd06b001a5aea7b": "", "5a2c3a5cbfd06b001a5aea7c": "", "5a2c3a5cbfd06b001a5aea7d": "", "570953a7efce8f15003a7dfe": "2007", "570953a7efce8f15003a7dff": "basic channels", "570953a7efce8f15003a7e00": "substantially increased the asking price for the channels,", "570953a7efce8f15003a7e01": "Video On Demand content", "570953a7efce8f15003a7e02": "HD channels", "5a2c3efbbfd06b001a5aea93": "", "5a2c3efbbfd06b001a5aea94": "", "5a2c3efbbfd06b001a5aea95": "", "5a2c3efbbfd06b001a5aea96": "", "5a2c3efbbfd06b001a5aea97": "", "570960cf200fba1400367f01": "July 2013,", "570960cf200fba1400367f02": "2013", "570960cf200fba1400367f03": "OneDrive\"", "570960cf200fba1400367f04": "\"OneDrive for Business\".", "570960cf200fba1400367f05": "cloud storage", "5a2c41c8bfd06b001a5aeaa7": "", "5a2c41c8bfd06b001a5aeaa8": "", "5a2c41c8bfd06b001a5aeaa9": "", "5a2c41c8bfd06b001a5aeaaa": "\"SkyDrive Pro\"", "5a2c41c8bfd06b001a5aeaab": "", "570961aa200fba1400367f15": "Sam Chisholm", "570961aa200fba1400367f16": "", "570961aa200fba1400367f17": "27 September 2001,", "570961aa200fba1400367f18": "Sky Digital", "570961aa200fba1400367f19": "3.5 million", "5a2c0e0dbfd06b001a5ae9af": "", "5a2c0e0dbfd06b001a5ae9b0": "", "5a2c0e0dbfd06b001a5ae9b1": "", "5a2c0e0dbfd06b001a5ae9b2": "", "5a2c0e0dbfd06b001a5ae9b3": "", "570963a5200fba1400367f33": "British Sky Broadcasting", "570963a5200fba1400367f34": "British telecommunications", "570963a5200fba1400367f35": "11 million", "570963a5200fba1400367f36": "Freeview", "5a2c07d5bfd06b001a5ae97f": "Sky", "5a2c07d5bfd06b001a5ae980": "", "5a2c07d5bfd06b001a5ae981": "", "5a2c07d5bfd06b001a5ae982": "", "5a2c07d5bfd06b001a5ae983": "", "57096505ed30961900e84082": "(Sky Q Hub)", "57096505ed30961900e84083": "the Sky Q Silver set top boxes with a Wi-Fi or Power-line connection", "57096505ed30961900e84084": "share recordings and other media.", "57096505ed30961900e84085": "later in 2016.", "57096505ed30961900e84086": "2016", "5a2c31abbfd06b001a5aea33": "", "5a2c31abbfd06b001a5aea34": "", "5a2c31abbfd06b001a5aea35": "", "5a2c31abbfd06b001a5aea36": "", "570966e0200fba1400367f4f": "DVB-compliant MPEG-2,", "570966e0200fba1400367f50": "Dolby Digital", "570966e0200fba1400367f51": "MPEG-4", "570966e0200fba1400367f52": "", "570966e0200fba1400367f53": "DVB-S2", "5a2c382dbfd06b001a5aea71": "", "5a2c382dbfd06b001a5aea72": "", "5a2c382dbfd06b001a5aea73": "", "5a2c382dbfd06b001a5aea74": "", "570967c4ed30961900e840ba": "1998", "570967c4ed30961900e840bb": "Astra 2A", "570967c4ed30961900e840bc": "Eutelsat's Eurobird 1", "570967c4ed30961900e840bd": "hundreds", "570967c4ed30961900e840be": "28.5\u00b0E", "5a2c3595bfd06b001a5aea5f": "", "5a2c3595bfd06b001a5aea60": "", "5a2c3595bfd06b001a5aea61": "", "5a2c3595bfd06b001a5aea62": "", "5709686c200fba1400367f77": "22 May 2006.", "5709686c200fba1400367f78": "40,000", "5709686c200fba1400367f79": "Thomson.", "5709686c200fba1400367f7a": "17,000", "5709686c200fba1400367f7b": "4,222,000", "5a2c30dabfd06b001a5aea29": "", "5a2c30dabfd06b001a5aea2a": "", "5a2c30dabfd06b001a5aea2b": "", "5a2c30dabfd06b001a5aea2c": "", "5a2c30dabfd06b001a5aea2d": "", "57096b66200fba1400367fa7": "8 February 2007,", "57096b66200fba1400367fa8": "March", "57096b66200fba1400367fa9": "digital terrestrial", "57096b66200fba1400367faa": "", "57096b66200fba1400367fab": "English Premier League Football),", "5a2c1622bfd06b001a5ae9dd": "", "5a2c1622bfd06b001a5ae9de": "", "5a2c1622bfd06b001a5ae9df": "", "5a2c1622bfd06b001a5ae9e0": "", "5a2c1622bfd06b001a5ae9e1": "", "57096c95200fba1400367fbb": "", "57096c95200fba1400367fbc": "a monthly subscription,", "57096c95200fba1400367fbd": "VideoGuard UK", "57096c95200fba1400367fbe": "Ku band LNB (9.75/10.600 GHz)", "57096c95200fba1400367fbf": "", "5a2c36c4bfd06b001a5aea67": "", "5a2c36c4bfd06b001a5aea68": "", "5a2c36c4bfd06b001a5aea69": "", "5a2c36c4bfd06b001a5aea6a": "", "5a2c36c4bfd06b001a5aea6b": "", "57096e1ced30961900e84102": "autumn of 1991,", "57096e1ced30961900e84103": "", "57096e1ced30961900e84104": "", "57096e1ced30961900e84105": "The BBC was given the highlights of most of the matches,", "57096e1ced30961900e84106": "\u00a3304m for the Premier League rights,", "5a2c0a5abfd06b001a5ae993": "", "5a2c0a5abfd06b001a5ae994": "", "5a2c0a5abfd06b001a5ae995": "", "5a2c0a5abfd06b001a5ae996": "", "57096f37200fba1400367fe5": "Ofcom.", "57096f37200fba1400367fe6": "\u00a315\u2013100,000.", "57096f37200fba1400367fe7": "has no veto over the presence of channels on their EPG,", "57096f37200fba1400367fe8": "BSkyB does not carry any control over the channel's content", "57096f37200fba1400367fe9": "BSkyB does not carry any control over the channel's content or carriage issues such as picture quality.", "5a2c3ca9bfd06b001a5aea83": "", "5a2c3ca9bfd06b001a5aea84": "", "5a2c3ca9bfd06b001a5aea85": "", "5a2c3ca9bfd06b001a5aea86": "", "57097051ed30961900e84132": "1 October 1998", "57097051ed30961900e84133": "Sky Digital,", "57097051ed30961900e84134": "Open", "57097051ed30961900e84135": "ONdigital", "57097051ed30961900e84136": "over 100,000", "5a2c0fb8bfd06b001a5ae9b9": "", "5a2c0fb8bfd06b001a5ae9ba": "", "5a2c0fb8bfd06b001a5ae9bb": "", "5a2c0fb8bfd06b001a5ae9bc": "", "57097141200fba1400367ff9": "2007", "57097141200fba1400367ffa": "Virgin Media", "57097141200fba1400367ffb": "Video On Demand service", "57097141200fba1400367ffc": "BBC HD,", "57097141200fba1400367ffd": "Channel 4", "5a2c3d73bfd06b001a5aea8b": "", "5a2c3d73bfd06b001a5aea8c": "", "5a2c3d73bfd06b001a5aea8d": "", "5a2c3d73bfd06b001a5aea8e": "", "57097b50200fba140036804d": "10 million", "57097b50200fba140036804e": "more than 25m people.", "57097b50200fba140036804f": "August 2004,", "57097b50200fba1400368050": "36%", "57097b50200fba1400368051": "flattened.", "5a2c116ebfd06b001a5ae9c1": "", "5a2c116ebfd06b001a5ae9c2": "", "5a2c116ebfd06b001a5ae9c3": "", "5a2c116ebfd06b001a5ae9c4": "", "57097c8fed30961900e841f2": "\"Welfare Cash Card\",", "57097c8fed30961900e841f3": "\"essentials\".", "57097c8fed30961900e841f4": "\u2018often damaging\u2019,", "57097c8fed30961900e841f5": "claimants' \"Sky TV bills", "57097c8fed30961900e841f6": "betray a man's presence in the household.", "5a2c1397bfd06b001a5ae9c9": "", "5a2c1397bfd06b001a5ae9ca": "", "5a2c1397bfd06b001a5ae9cb": "\u2018often damaging\u2019,", "5a2c1397bfd06b001a5ae9cc": "a man's presence in the household.", "5a2c1397bfd06b001a5ae9cd": "", "57097d63ed30961900e841fc": "\u00a330m", "57097d63ed30961900e841fd": "there is no indication", "57097d63ed30961900e841fe": "", "57097d63ed30961900e841ff": "", "57097d63ed30961900e84200": "the carriage of their respective basic channels.", "5a2c40b8bfd06b001a5aea9d": "", "5a2c40b8bfd06b001a5aea9e": "", "5a2c40b8bfd06b001a5aea9f": "", "5a2c40b8bfd06b001a5aeaa0": "", "5a2c40b8bfd06b001a5aeaa1": "", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3d": "highly diversified:", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3e": "second", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3f": "", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c40": "Melbourne", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c41": "Melbourne Cricket Ground", "5a6374de68151a001a9222e6": "public universities,", "5a6374de68151a001a9222e7": "", "5a6374de68151a001a9222e8": "", "5a6374de68151a001a9222e9": "Melbourne", "5a6374de68151a001a9222ea": "eight", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c47": "Bendigo and its environs.", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c48": "New South Wales.", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c49": "Buckland Valley near Bright", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4a": "over 1,000", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4b": "cramped and unsanitary;", "5a637a8868151a001a922304": "Bendigo and its environs.", "5a637a8868151a001a922305": "", "5a637a8868151a001a922306": "Buckland Valley near Bright", "5a637a8868151a001a922307": "", "5a637a8868151a001a922308": "", "570d26efb3d812140066d48f": "multi-member proportional representation system.", "570d26efb3d812140066d490": "eight", "570d26efb3d812140066d491": "five", "570d26efb3d812140066d492": "members\u2014four years.", "570d26efb3d812140066d493": "November every four years.", "5a637f8768151a001a922318": "22 two-member electorates.", "5a637f8768151a001a922319": "five", "5a637f8768151a001a92231b": "every four years.", "5a637f8768151a001a92231c": "", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a3": "Labor", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a4": "The Liberals'", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a5": "The Nationals", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a6": "The Greens,", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a7": "Labor", "5a63866968151a001a922336": "", "5a63866968151a001a922337": "", "5a63866968151a001a922338": "", "5a63866968151a001a922339": "", "5a63866968151a001a92233a": "", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bd": "61.1%", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4be": "26.7%", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bf": "Buddhism", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c0": "168,637", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c1": "20%", "5a63888168151a001a922340": "", "5a63888168151a001a922341": "", "5a63888168151a001a922342": "", "5a63888168151a001a922343": "", "5a63888168151a001a922344": "152,775", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c93": "south-east", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c94": "Australia's most densely populated state", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c95": "most densely populated", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c96": "Melbourne,", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c97": "second-largest", "5a636c5a68151a001a9222c8": "", "5a636c5a68151a001a9222c9": "second-largest", "5a636c5a68151a001a9222ca": "second-", "5a636c5a68151a001a9222cb": "", "5a636c5a68151a001a9222cc": "", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca7": "the Koori.", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca8": "1788,", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca9": "east of the 135th meridian east", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45caa": "Sullivan Bay,", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45cab": "1803", "5a636ede68151a001a9222d2": "", "5a636ede68151a001a9222d3": "", "5a636ede68151a001a9222d4": "", "5a636ede68151a001a9222d5": "", "5a636ede68151a001a9222d6": "", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbb": "26,000 square kilometres", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbc": "More than 50%", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbd": "6,000 square kilometres", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbe": "90%", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbf": "270,000", "5a638d2768151a001a92236e": "", "5a638d2768151a001a92236f": "", "5a638d2768151a001a922370": "", "5a638d2768151a001a922371": "", "5a638d2768151a001a922372": "270,000", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45ccf": "1975", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd0": "based on the 1855 colonial constitution,", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd1": "Parliament of Victoria,", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd2": "\"entrenched\" provisions that require either an absolute majority in both houses, a three-fifths majority in both houses, or the approval of the Victorian people in a referendum,", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd3": "", "5a63835a68151a001a92232c": "", "5a63835a68151a001a92232d": "", "5a63835a68151a001a92232e": "", "5a63835a68151a001a92232f": "certain \"entrenched\" provisions that require either an absolute majority in both houses, a three-fifths majority in both houses, or the approval of the Victorian people in a referendum,", "5a63835a68151a001a922330": "", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce3": "semi-deserts.", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce4": "32 \u00b0C (90 \u00b0F)", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce5": "", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce6": "", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce7": "7 February 2009,", "5a6395e668151a001a9223a0": "", "5a6395e668151a001a9223a1": "15 \u00b0C (59 \u00b0F)", "5a6395e668151a001a9223a2": "", "5a6395e668151a001a9223a3": "", "5a6395e668151a001a9223a4": "", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d01": "state or government schools,", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d02": "Victoria Department of Education . Students do not pay tuition fees, but some extra costs are levied. Private fee-paying", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d03": "some extra costs are levied. Private fee-paying", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d04": "Roman Catholic Church", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d05": "curriculum", "5a638a2468151a001a92234a": "", "5a638a2468151a001a92234b": "", "5a638a2468151a001a92234c": "", "5a638a2468151a001a92234d": "", "5a638a2468151a001a92234e": "", "570d3468b3d812140066d543": "car", "570d3468b3d812140066d544": "2017", "570d3468b3d812140066d545": "May 2013,", "570d3468b3d812140066d546": "October 2016).", "570d3468b3d812140066d547": "", "5a638ffe68151a001a922382": "", "5a638ffe68151a001a922383": "", "5a638ffe68151a001a922384": "", "5a638ffe68151a001a922385": "", "5a638ffe68151a001a922386": "", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54d": "2,000 m (6,600 ft),", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54e": "Mount Bogong", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54f": "1,986 m", "570d35b7b3d812140066d550": "river systems", "570d35b7b3d812140066d551": "helmeted honeyeater", "5a6394b768151a001a922396": "", "5a6394b768151a001a922397": "Mount Bogong", "5a6394b768151a001a922398": "", "5a6394b768151a001a922399": "", "5a6394b768151a001a92239a": "", "570d391fb3d812140066d575": "The Victorian Alps", "570d391fb3d812140066d576": "Great Dividing Range", "570d391fb3d812140066d577": "east-west", "570d391fb3d812140066d578": "below 0 \u00b0C", "570d391fb3d812140066d579": "\u221211.7 \u00b0C", "5a63969068151a001a9223aa": "", "5a63969068151a001a9223ab": "", "5a63969068151a001a9223ac": "", "5a63969068151a001a9223ad": "", "5a63969068151a001a9223ae": "", "570d4030fed7b91900d45d9f": "government", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da0": "Metro Trains Melbourne", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da1": "the Victorian Government,", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da2": "", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da3": "electrified, passenger system", "5a63981168151a001a9223b4": "", "5a63981168151a001a9223b5": "", "5a63981168151a001a9223b6": "", "5a63981168151a001a9223b7": "Pacific National, CFCL Australia", "5a63981168151a001a9223b8": "", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbd": "37", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbe": "12", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbf": "Legislative Assembly", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc0": "the Legislative Council", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc1": "Linda Dessau.", "5a63730568151a001a9222dc": "", "5a63730568151a001a9222dd": "", "5a63730568151a001a9222de": "Legislative Assembly", "5a63730568151a001a9222df": "", "5a63730568151a001a9222e0": "", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd7": "1 July 1851,", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd8": "1851", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd9": "one of the largest gold rushes the world has ever seen. The colony grew rapidly in both population and economic power.", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dda": "sevenfold", "570d4329fed7b91900d45ddb": "20 million ounces", "5a63787868151a001a9222fa": "", "5a63787868151a001a9222fb": "", "5a63787868151a001a9222fc": "", "5a63787868151a001a9222fd": "", "5a63787868151a001a9222fe": "", "570d44abb3d812140066d5fd": "1,548", "570d44abb3d812140066d5fe": "489", "570d44abb3d812140066d5ff": "540,800", "570d44abb3d812140066d600": "63,519", "570d44abb3d812140066d601": "Over 61", "5a638b3668151a001a92235a": "", "5a638b3668151a001a92235b": "", "5a638b3668151a001a92235c": "", "5a638b3668151a001a92235d": "", "5a638b3668151a001a92235e": "", "570d4606b3d812140066d619": "Victoria", "570d4606b3d812140066d61a": "3 million", "570d4606b3d812140066d61b": "60%", "570d4606b3d812140066d61c": "nearly two-thirds of the nation's milk, almost 6.4 billion litres.", "570d4606b3d812140066d61d": "Asia", "5a638e4468151a001a922378": "", "5a638e4468151a001a922379": "", "5a638e4468151a001a92237a": "60%", "5a638e4468151a001a92237b": "", "5a638e4468151a001a92237c": "", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62d": "1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) broad gauge.", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62e": "1,435 mm", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62f": "760 mm", "570d47b8b3d812140066d630": "mountainous areas.", "570d47b8b3d812140066d631": "five", "5a6398fd7f3c80001a150aef": "1,600 mm", "5a6398fd7f3c80001a150af0": "", "5a6398fd7f3c80001a150af1": "", "5a6398fd7f3c80001a150af2": "", "5a6398fd7f3c80001a150af3": "", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e13": "1788,", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e14": "New South Wales", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e15": "New Holland,", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e16": "Sydney.", "5a63772268151a001a9222f0": "", "5a63772268151a001a9222f2": "", "5a63772268151a001a9222f3": "", "5a63772268151a001a9222f4": "", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e31": "1854", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e32": "\"Eureka Stockade\").", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e33": "British troops,", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e34": "mining licence fees)", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e35": "Colony of Victoria Act 1855.", "5a637c6268151a001a92230e": "1854", "5a637c6268151a001a92230f": "", "5a637c6268151a001a922310": "mining licence fees)", "5a637c6268151a001a922311": "", "5a637c6268151a001a922312": "", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66d": "the political party or coalition with the most seats", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66e": "The Premier of Victoria is the leader of the political party or coalition with the most seats in the Legislative Assembly. The Premier", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66f": "representatives elected to either house of parliament.", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d670": "Daniel Andrews.", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d671": "representatives elected to either house of parliament.", "5a6381d868151a001a922322": "", "5a6381d868151a001a922323": "", "5a6381d868151a001a922324": "", "5a6381d868151a001a922325": "", "5a6381d868151a001a922326": "", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7d": "17%", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7e": "17%", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7f": "32,463", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e80": "136,000 square kilometres (52,500 sq mi)", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e81": "60%", "5a638bf768151a001a922364": "", "5a638bf768151a001a922365": "", "5a638bf768151a001a922366": "", "5a638bf768151a001a922367": "", "5a638bf768151a001a922368": "A quarter", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bb": "Major events also play a big part in tourism in Victoria,", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bc": "sports tourism.", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bd": "Melbourne,", "570d529fb3d812140066d6be": "regional cities,", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bf": "SurfClassic", "5a6391c268151a001a92238c": "", "5a6391c268151a001a92238d": "", "5a6391c268151a001a92238e": "", "5a6391c268151a001a92238f": "", "5a6391c268151a001a922390": "", "57105da9a58dae1900cd699e": "southern and central parts of France,", "57105da9a58dae1900cd699f": "about one-eighth the number", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a0": "1562 to 1598.", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a1": "Edict of Nantes,", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a2": "granted the Huguenots substantial religious, political and military autonomy.", "5ad23fded7d075001a4288fc": "", "5ad23fded7d075001a4288fd": "", "5ad23fded7d075001a4288fe": "", "5ad23fded7d075001a4288ff": "", "5ad23fded7d075001a428900": "", "57106185b654c5140001f8db": "relations with the Swiss.", "57106185b654c5140001f8dc": "Besan\u00e7on Hugues", "57106185b654c5140001f8dd": "Geneva", "57106185b654c5140001f8de": "Amboise plot", "57106185b654c5140001f8df": "1560:", "5ad241c7d7d075001a428978": "", "5ad241c7d7d075001a428979": "", "5ad241c7d7d075001a42897a": "", "5ad241c7d7d075001a42897b": "", "5ad241c7d7d075001a42897c": "", "57106644b654c5140001f8e5": "The availability of the Bible in vernacular languages", "57106644b654c5140001f8e6": "1294,", "57106644b654c5140001f8e7": "Jean de R\u00e9ly,", "57106644b654c5140001f8e8": "1487.", "57106644b654c5140001f8e9": "Paris", "5ad243abd7d075001a428a10": "", "5ad243abd7d075001a428a11": "France", "5ad243abd7d075001a428a12": "", "5ad243abd7d075001a428a13": "French", "5ad243abd7d075001a428a14": "", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8ef": "\"villes de s\u00fbret\u00e9\"", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f0": "Montpellier", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f1": "1622.", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f2": "", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f3": "1598", "5ad24a2ad7d075001a428bb8": "", "5ad24a2ad7d075001a428bb9": "", "5ad24a2ad7d075001a428bba": "", "5ad24a2ad7d075001a428bbb": "(1629),", "5ad24a2ad7d075001a428bbc": "", "571077ecb654c5140001f909": "Cape of Good Hope", "571077ecb654c5140001f90a": "Cape Town.", "571077ecb654c5140001f90b": "Maria de la Queillerie,", "571077ecb654c5140001f90c": "Dutch East India Company", "571077ecb654c5140001f90d": "1700;", "5ad25b9ed7d075001a428e6e": "", "5ad25b9ed7d075001a428e6f": "Jan van Riebeeck", "5ad25b9ed7d075001a428e70": "", "5ad25b9ed7d075001a428e71": "", "5ad25b9ed7d075001a428e72": "Walloon church minister),", "57107932a58dae1900cd69ca": "1624", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cb": "Jess\u00e9 de Forest,", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cc": "L'\u00c9glise fran\u00e7aise \u00e0 la Nouvelle-Amsterdam", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cd": "L'Eglise du Saint-Esprit,", "57107932a58dae1900cd69ce": "Brooklyn,", "5ad25e99d7d075001a428f2e": "", "5ad25e99d7d075001a428f2f": "", "5ad25e99d7d075001a428f30": "", "5ad25e99d7d075001a428f31": "", "5ad25e99d7d075001a428f32": "", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69de": "Charleston,", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69df": "Charleston Orange district.", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e0": "1697", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e1": "Edmund Bellinger.", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e2": "Pons", "5ad263d9d7d075001a429122": "Orsement", "5ad263d9d7d075001a429123": "", "5ad263d9d7d075001a429124": "", "5ad263d9d7d075001a429125": "1685,", "5ad263d9d7d075001a429126": "", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e8": "William III of Orange,", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e9": "King of England,", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ea": "League of Augsburg", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69eb": "the Dutch Republic in 1672. William formed the League of Augsburg as a coalition to oppose Louis and the French state. Consequently, many Huguenots considered the wealthy and Calvinist Dutch Republic,", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ec": "", "5ad267dbd7d075001a42923e": "", "5ad267dbd7d075001a42923f": "", "5ad267dbd7d075001a429240": "", "5ad267dbd7d075001a429241": "", "57107d73b654c5140001f91d": "Edict of Fontainebleau", "57107d73b654c5140001f91e": "(1685),", "57107d73b654c5140001f91f": "", "57107d73b654c5140001f920": "", "5ad24056d7d075001a42892c": "", "5ad24057d7d075001a42892e": "", "5ad24057d7d075001a42892f": "", "5ad24057d7d075001a428930": "", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f2": "The Catholic Church", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f3": "St. Bartholomew's Day massacre", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f4": "5,000 to 30,000", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f5": "the Huguenots had their own militia.", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f6": "political", "5ad2454cd7d075001a428a92": "5,000 to 30,000", "5ad2454cd7d075001a428a93": "", "5ad2454cd7d075001a428a94": "", "5ad2454cd7d075001a428a95": "", "57108073b654c5140001f925": "the Huguenot rebellions", "57108073b654c5140001f926": "southwestern France,", "57108073b654c5140001f927": "between 1621 and 1629.", "57108073b654c5140001f928": "Henry IV,", "57108073b654c5140001f929": "Louis XIII,", "5ad24b60d7d075001a428be4": "", "5ad24b60d7d075001a428be5": "", "5ad24b60d7d075001a428be6": "", "5ad24b60d7d075001a428be7": "", "5ad24b60d7d075001a428be8": "", "57108198b654c5140001f937": "Approximately one million", "57108198b654c5140001f938": "2%", "57108198b654c5140001f939": "Alsace", "57108198b654c5140001f93a": "C\u00e9vennes mountain region", "57108198b654c5140001f93b": "French Australians", "5ad25878d7d075001a428dc6": "", "5ad25878d7d075001a428dc7": "", "5ad25878d7d075001a428dc8": "", "5ad25878d7d075001a428dc9": "", "5ad25878d7d075001a428dca": "", "57108c95b654c5140001f979": "New Rochelle,", "57108c95b654c5140001f97a": "New Paltz.", "57108c95b654c5140001f97b": "\"Huguenot Street Historic District\"", "57108c95b654c5140001f97c": "the oldest street in the United States of America.", "57108c95b654c5140001f97d": "Staten Island", "5ad25f29d7d075001a428f60": "21 miles", "5ad25f29d7d075001a428f61": "", "5ad25f29d7d075001a428f62": "", "5ad25f29d7d075001a428f63": "one in the city of New York,", "5ad25f29d7d075001a428f64": "Staten Island", "57108d69b654c5140001f983": "the Dutch Republic", "57108d69b654c5140001f984": "75,000 to 100,000", "57108d69b654c5140001f985": "ca. 2 million", "57108d69b654c5140001f986": "Amsterdam and the area of West Frisia", "57108d69b654c5140001f987": "", "5ad268cbd7d075001a429292": "", "5ad268cbd7d075001a429293": "", "5ad268cbd7d075001a429294": "", "5ad268cbd7d075001a429295": "", "5ad268cbd7d075001a429296": "", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1a": "Huguon,", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1b": "Huguon,", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1c": "le roi Huguet", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1d": "pr\u00e9tendus r\u00e9form\u00e9s", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1e": "night", "5ad24319d7d075001a4289cc": "", "5ad24319d7d075001a4289cd": "", "5ad24319d7d075001a4289ce": "", "5ad24319d7d075001a4289cf": "", "5ad24319d7d075001a4289d0": "", "571090abb654c5140001f995": "Sandwich, Faversham and Maidstone\u2014towns", "571090abb654c5140001f996": "The Weavers,", "571090abb654c5140001f997": "economic separation", "571090abb654c5140001f998": "Sandwich, Faversham and Maidstone\u2014towns", "571090abb654c5140001f999": "a restaurant\u2014see", "5ad26c87d7d075001a429398": "", "5ad26c87d7d075001a429399": "", "5ad26c87d7d075001a42939a": "", "5ad26c87d7d075001a42939b": "", "5ad26c87d7d075001a42939c": "", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a40": "", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a41": "Cork City;", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a42": "Dublin,", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a43": "a High Sheriff and one of the", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a44": "1696,", "5ad27081d7d075001a429454": "", "5ad27081d7d075001a429455": "", "5ad27081d7d075001a429456": "", "5ad27081d7d075001a429457": "", "5ad27081d7d075001a429458": "", "57109275b654c5140001f99f": "brain drain,", "57109275b654c5140001f9a0": "New France", "57109275b654c5140001f9a1": "non-Catholics", "57109275b654c5140001f9a2": "Seven Years' War),", "57109275b654c5140001f9a3": "1759-60.", "5ad27473d7d075001a4294e8": "", "5ad27473d7d075001a4294e9": "", "5ad27473d7d075001a4294ea": "", "5ad27473d7d075001a4294eb": "", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5c": "", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5d": "1598,", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5e": "granted the Protestants equality with Catholics under the throne and a degree of religious and political freedom within their domains.", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5f": "the founding of new Protestant churches in Catholic-controlled regions.[citation", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a60": "Protestantism", "5ad248f7d7d075001a428b8c": "", "5ad248f7d7d075001a428b8d": "", "5ad248f7d7d075001a428b8e": "", "5ad248f7d7d075001a428b8f": "", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a66": "education of children as Catholics,", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a67": "prohibited emigration.", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a68": "Four thousand", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a69": "\"new converts\".", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a6a": "Holland, Prussia, and South Africa. Four thousand emigrated to the North American colonies, where they settled in New York and Virginia,", "5ad24e85d7d075001a428c4e": "", "5ad24e85d7d075001a428c4f": "", "5ad24e85d7d075001a428c50": "", "5ad24e85d7d075001a428c51": "", "5ad24e85d7d075001a428c52": "", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a76": "Switzerland and the Netherlands.[citation", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a77": "1555", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a78": "France Antarctique.", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a79": "1560", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a7a": "Guanabara Confession of Faith,", "5ad25963d7d075001a428e0c": "500", "5ad25963d7d075001a428e0d": "", "5ad25963d7d075001a428e0e": "", "5ad25963d7d075001a428e0f": "", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a86": "Afrikaans-speaking,", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a87": "The wine industry", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a88": "", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a89": "surnames", "5ad25c69d7d075001a428ea4": "", "5ad25c69d7d075001a428ea5": "", "5ad25c69d7d075001a428ea6": "", "5ad25c69d7d075001a428ea7": "", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a98": "Paul Revere", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a99": "Henry Laurens,", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9a": "Charleston,", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9b": "Manakin Episcopal Church", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9c": "Texas", "5ad26586d7d075001a4291b2": "", "5ad26586d7d075001a4291b3": "", "5ad26586d7d075001a4291b4": "", "5ad26586d7d075001a4291b5": "", "5ad26586d7d075001a4291b6": "", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab2": "British lace industry", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab3": "'Bucks Point'", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab4": "twenty-five widows who settled in Dover,", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab5": "first half of the eighteenth century", "5ad26e85d7d075001a4293f2": "twenty-five", "5ad26e85d7d075001a4293f3": "", "5ad26e85d7d075001a4293f4": "", "5ad26e85d7d075001a4293f5": "", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b3": "Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichstadt.", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b4": "one-fifth", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b5": "in protest against the occupation of Prussia by Napoleon", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b6": "1806-07.", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b7": "Berlin, Stockholm, Hamburg, Frankfurt, Helsinki, and Emden.", "5ad27294d7d075001a42949a": "", "5ad27294d7d075001a42949b": "", "5ad27294d7d075001a42949c": "", "5ad27294d7d075001a42949d": "", "5ad27294d7d075001a42949e": "", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b26": "Prussia", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b27": "C\u00e9vennes", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b28": "the Camisards", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b29": "the Catholic Church", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b2a": "1702 and 1709.", "5ad24f27d7d075001a428c88": "", "5ad24f27d7d075001a428c89": "", "5ad24f27d7d075001a428c8a": "", "5ad24f27d7d075001a428c8b": "", "5ad24f27d7d075001a428c8c": "", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b30": "Jacksonville,", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b31": "Jean Ribault", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b32": "Fort Caroline", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b33": "Spanish forces", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b34": "1565", "5ad25aa1d7d075001a428e40": "", "5ad25aa1d7d075001a428e41": "", "5ad25aa1d7d075001a428e42": "", "5ad25aa1d7d075001a428e43": "", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa17": "Charlesfort", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa18": "Jacksonville, Florida.", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa19": "Pedro Men\u00e9ndez de Avil\u00e9s,", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1a": "1562,", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1b": "Wars of Religion", "5ad25d49d7d075001a428eec": "", "5ad25d49d7d075001a428eed": "", "5ad25d49d7d075001a428eee": "", "5ad25d49d7d075001a428eef": "", "5ad25d49d7d075001a428ef0": "", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3a": "Virginia", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3b": "Lower Norfolk County.", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3c": "Manakin Town,", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3d": "390", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3e": "12 May 1705,", "5ad26278d7d075001a4290ac": "", "5ad26278d7d075001a4290ad": "", "5ad26278d7d075001a4290ae": "", "5ad26278d7d075001a4290af": "", "5ad26278d7d075001a4290b0": "", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2b": "(1568\u20131609).", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2c": "Spain", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2d": "\"Apologie\" of William the Silent,", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2e": "William the Silent,", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2f": "(Calvinist)", "5ad266f8d7d075001a429206": "", "5ad266f8d7d075001a429207": "Huguenot", "5ad266f8d7d075001a429208": "", "5ad266f8d7d075001a429209": "", "5ad266f8d7d075001a42920a": "", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b60": "Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act,", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b61": "1708", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b62": "50,000", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b63": "Andrew Lortie", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b64": "transubstantiation", "5ad26ba1d7d075001a429358": "", "5ad26ba1d7d075001a429359": "", "5ad26ba1d7d075001a42935a": "", "5ad26ba1d7d075001a42935b": "", "5ad26ba1d7d075001a42935c": "", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b72": "Williamite war", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b73": "William of Orange", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b74": "Dublin, Cork, Portarlington, Lisburn, Waterford and Youghal.", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b75": "flax cultivation", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b76": "Irish linen", "5ad26f6ed7d075001a429422": "", "5ad26f6ed7d075001a429423": "Dublin.", "5ad26f6ed7d075001a429424": "Killeshandra in County Cavan,", "5ad26f6ed7d075001a429425": "", "5ad26f6ed7d075001a429426": "", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa45": "Prince Louis de Cond\u00e9,", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa46": "Count Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbr\u00fccken", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa47": "glass-making works,", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa48": "1890s.", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa49": "1604.", "5ad273b5d7d075001a4294b8": "", "5ad273b5d7d075001a4294b9": "", "5ad273b5d7d075001a4294ba": "", "5ad273b5d7d075001a4294bb": "1604.", "5711119cb654c5140001fae3": "Electorate of Brandenburg and Electorate of the Palatinate", "5711119cb654c5140001fae4": "Protestant", "5711119cb654c5140001fae5": "Dutch Cape Colony", "5711119cb654c5140001fae6": "Quebec,", "5711119cb654c5140001fae7": "they were accepted and allowed to worship freely.", "5ad240eed7d075001a428940": "", "5ad240eed7d075001a428941": "", "5ad240eed7d075001a428942": "", "5ad240eed7d075001a428943": "", "5ad240eed7d075001a428944": "", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcc": "Hugues Capet,", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcd": "The \"Hugues hypothesis\"", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bce": "Janet Gray", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcf": "little Hugos,", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bd0": "double or triple non-French linguistic origins,", "5ad2424cd7d075001a42898a": "", "5ad2424cd7d075001a42898b": "", "5ad2424cd7d075001a42898c": "", "5ad2424cd7d075001a42898d": "", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd6": "Jacques Lefevre", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd7": "University of Paris,", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd8": "1530.", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd9": "William Farel", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bda": "William Farel", "5ad2447dd7d075001a428a68": "France", "5ad2447dd7d075001a428a69": "", "5ad2447dd7d075001a428a6a": "", "5ad2447dd7d075001a428a6b": "", "5ad2447dd7d075001a428a6c": "", "57111428b654c5140001faff": "24 August \u2013 3 October 1572,", "57111428b654c5140001fb00": "Catholics", "57111428b654c5140001fb01": "Nearly 3,000", "57111428b654c5140001fb02": "1573", "57111429b654c5140001fb03": "almost 25,000", "5ad24600d7d075001a428ac8": "", "5ad24600d7d075001a428ac9": "Paris", "5ad24600d7d075001a428aca": "", "5ad24600d7d075001a428acb": "", "5ad24600d7d075001a428acc": "Nearly 3,000", "571114cfb654c5140001fb09": "Louis XIV", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0a": "increasingly aggressively", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0b": "he sent missionaries,", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0c": "closed Huguenot schools and excluded them from favored professions.", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0d": "dragonnades,", "5ad24d2ad7d075001a428c1e": "", "5ad24d2ad7d075001a428c1f": "", "5ad24d2ad7d075001a428c20": "", "5ad24d2ad7d075001a428c21": "", "5ad24d2ad7d075001a428c22": "", "5711163bb654c5140001fb13": "Westchester", "5711163bb654c5140001fb14": "the coastline peninsula of Davenports Neck called \"Bauffet's Point\"", "5711163bb654c5140001fb15": "John Pell, Lord of Pelham Manor,", "5711163bb654c5140001fb16": "La Rochelle,", "5711163bb654c5140001fb17": "Trinity-St. Paul's Episcopal Church,", "5ad2615ed7d075001a429018": "the Huguenots", "5ad2615ed7d075001a429019": "", "5ad2615ed7d075001a42901a": "", "5ad2615ed7d075001a42901b": "", "5ad2615ed7d075001a42901c": "", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c00": "The Huguenots adapted quickly and often married outside their immediate French communities,", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c01": "The Huguenots adapted quickly and often married outside their immediate French communities,", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c02": "E.I. du Pont,", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c03": "well into the nineteenth century.", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c04": "Eleutherian", "5ad264d7d7d075001a429174": "", "5ad264d7d7d075001a429175": "", "5ad264d7d7d075001a429176": "", "5ad264d7d7d075001a429177": "Their descendants in many families continued to use French first names and surnames for their children", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0a": "Pierre Bayle.", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0b": "Rotterdam,", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0c": "Historical and Critical Dictionary.", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0d": "US Library of Congress.", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0e": "Saint Nicolas,", "5ad26acad7d075001a42932a": "", "5ad26acad7d075001a42932b": "", "5ad26acad7d075001a42932c": "", "5ad26acad7d075001a42932d": "", "57111992b654c5140001fb43": "The French Protestant Church of London", "57111992b654c5140001fb44": "1550.", "57111992b654c5140001fb45": "Soho Square.", "57111992b654c5140001fb46": "Shoreditch,", "57111992b654c5140001fb47": "1724.", "5ad26dbcd7d075001a4293d4": "", "5ad26dbcd7d075001a4293d5": "", "5ad26dbcd7d075001a4293d6": "", "5ad26dbcd7d075001a4293d7": "about a third", "5ad26dbcd7d075001a4293d8": "", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3c": "Lutheran and Reformed", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3d": "Lutheran and Reformed states in Germany and Scandinavia.", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3e": "(Edict of Potsdam)", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3f": "Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia.", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c40": "The Huguenots furnished two new regiments", "5ad271c2d7d075001a429472": "", "5ad271c2d7d075001a429473": "", "5ad271c2d7d075001a429474": "4,000", "5ad271c2d7d075001a429475": "1,500", "5ad271c2d7d075001a429476": "", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c50": "Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg,", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c51": "Theodor Fontane,", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c52": "Adolf Galland,", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c53": "Lothar de Maizi\u00e8re,", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c54": "Federal Minister of the Interior,", "5ad275ccd7d075001a42950e": "", "5ad275ccd7d075001a42950f": "", "5ad275ccd7d075001a429510": "Luftwaffe", "5ad275ccd7d075001a429511": "Huguenots", "5ad275ccd7d075001a429512": "", "57112686b654c5140001fbd3": "solar power,", "57112686b654c5140001fbd4": "Rankine cycle.", "57112686b654c5140001fbd5": "steam", "57112686b654c5140001fbd6": "high pressure.", "57112686b654c5140001fbd7": "external combustion engines,", "5ad3bd8f604f3c001a3fef2d": "", "5ad3bd8f604f3c001a3fef2e": "", "5ad3bd8f604f3c001a3fef2f": "", "5ad3bd8f604f3c001a3fef30": "", "5ad3bd8f604f3c001a3fef31": "", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb2": "the atmospheric engine,", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb3": "Thomas Newcomen", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb4": "1712.", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb5": "", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb6": "Papin.", "5ad3c637604f3c001a3ff017": "", "5ad3c637604f3c001a3ff018": "", "5ad3c637604f3c001a3ff019": "", "5ad3c637604f3c001a3ff01a": "", "5ad3c637604f3c001a3ff01b": "", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc4": "United Kingdom", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc5": "21 February 1804,", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc6": "Abercynon", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc7": "", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc8": "south", "5ad3cd43604f3c001a3ff183": "United Kingdom", "5ad3cd43604f3c001a3ff184": "21 February 1804,", "5ad3cd43604f3c001a3ff185": "", "5ad3cd43604f3c001a3ff186": "", "5ad3cd43604f3c001a3ff187": "south Wales.", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0e": "water pump", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0f": "multi-stage centrifugal pumps;", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d10": "the 1850s", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d11": "steam locomotives.", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d12": "lower-pressure boiler feed water", "5ad3e83e604f3c001a3ff63b": "", "5ad3e83e604f3c001a3ff63c": "", "5ad3e83e604f3c001a3ff63d": "", "5ad3e83e604f3c001a3ff63e": "", "5ad3e83e604f3c001a3ff63f": "", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d18": "three or four expansion stages", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d19": "quadruple expansion engines", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1a": "19th century,", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1b": "marine triple expansion engines.", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1c": "Olympic class),", "5ad41b12604f3c001a4004fb": "", "5ad41b12604f3c001a4004fc": "quadruple expansion", "5ad41b12604f3c001a4004fd": "", "5ad41b12604f3c001a4004fe": "", "5ad41b12604f3c001a4004ff": "", "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d22": "Corliss,", "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d23": "Joy", "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d24": "lengthening rubbing surfaces of the valve", "5ad3f35c604f3c001a3ff8f5": "Corliss,", "5ad3f35c604f3c001a3ff8f6": "", "5ad3f35c604f3c001a3ff8f7": "", "5ad3f35c604f3c001a3ff8f8": "", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc1f": "Lead fusible plugs", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc20": "the lead melts and the steam escapes,", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc21": "the steam escapes,", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc22": "manually suppress the fire.", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc23": "dampening the fire.", "5ad40ec6604f3c001a40012f": "", "5ad40ec6604f3c001a400130": "the lead melts and the steam escapes,", "5ad40ec6604f3c001a400131": "", "5ad40ec6604f3c001a400132": "manually suppress the fire.", "5ad40ec6604f3c001a400133": "dampening the fire.", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d28": "James Watt", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d29": "rotary", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2a": "ten", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2b": "1883,", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2c": "the Industrial Revolution,", "5ad3bf63604f3c001a3fef5b": "", "5ad3bf63604f3c001a3fef5c": "", "5ad3bf63604f3c001a3fef5d": "", "5ad3bf63604f3c001a3fef5e": "", "5ad3bf63604f3c001a3fef5f": "", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d32": "first century AD;", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d33": "Hero of Alexandria.", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d34": "Greek", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d35": "Giovanni Branca", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d36": "1606", "5ad3c46a604f3c001a3fefb1": "", "5ad3c46a604f3c001a3fefb2": "", "5ad3c46a604f3c001a3fefb3": "", "5ad3c46a604f3c001a3fefb4": "", "5ad3c46a604f3c001a3fefb5": "", "57113f83b654c5140001fc29": "compound engines", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2a": "expansions,", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2b": "shipping", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2c": "coal", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2d": "internal combustion engines", "5ad3cc47604f3c001a3ff143": "", "5ad3cc47604f3c001a3ff144": "expansions,", "5ad3cc47604f3c001a3ff145": "", "5ad3cc47604f3c001a3ff146": "", "5ad3cc47604f3c001a3ff147": "internal combustion engines", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5a": "steam turbines", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5b": "late part", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5c": "several hundred", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5d": "90%", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5e": "electricity", "5ad3d3af604f3c001a3ff293": "", "5ad3d3af604f3c001a3ff294": "", "5ad3d3af604f3c001a3ff295": "several hundred", "5ad3d3af604f3c001a3ff296": "", "5ad3d3af604f3c001a3ff297": "", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6e": "burning combustible materials with an appropriate supply of air in a closed space", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6f": "combustion chamber,", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d70": "solar", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d71": "electric", "5ad3d689604f3c001a3ff30d": "waste heat", "5ad3d689604f3c001a3ff30e": "combustion chamber,", "5ad3d689604f3c001a3ff30f": "", "5ad3d689604f3c001a3ff310": "solar", "5ad3d689604f3c001a3ff311": "", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d80": "steam engine indicator.", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d81": "1851,", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d82": "Charles Richard", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d83": "Charles Richard", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d84": "London Exhibition", "5ad3e8f6604f3c001a3ff66b": "", "5ad3e8f6604f3c001a3ff66c": "1851,", "5ad3e8f6604f3c001a3ff66d": "Charles Richard", "5ad3e8f6604f3c001a3ff66e": "Charles Richard", "5ad3e8f6604f3c001a3ff66f": "London Exhibition", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8a": "90\u00b0 out of phase with each other (quartered).", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8b": "180\u00b0,", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8c": "90\u00b0", "5ad3ed37604f3c001a3ff7a1": "90\u00b0 out of phase with each other (quartered).", "5ad3ed37604f3c001a3ff7a2": "180\u00b0,", "5ad3ed37604f3c001a3ff7a3": "90\u00b0", "5ad3ed37604f3c001a3ff7a4": "", "5ad3ed37604f3c001a3ff7a5": "the pistons worked in the same phase driving a common crosshead and crank,", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3d": "(counterflow),", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3e": "two", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3f": "one", "5711488ab654c5140001fc40": "four events", "5711488ab654c5140001fc41": "expansion,", "5ad3f03c604f3c001a3ff829": "(counterflow),", "5ad3f03c604f3c001a3ff82a": "", "5ad3f03c604f3c001a3ff82b": "one", "5ad3f03c604f3c001a3ff82c": "four events", "5ad3f03c604f3c001a3ff82d": "expansion,", "57114aceb654c5140001fc47": "Quasiturbine", "57114aceb654c5140001fc48": "counterflow", "57114aceb654c5140001fc49": "an additional port uncovered by the piston at the end of each stroke", "5ad3f4ed604f3c001a3ff963": "Quasiturbine", "5ad3f4ed604f3c001a3ff964": "", "5ad3f4ed604f3c001a3ff965": "", "5ad3f4ed604f3c001a3ff966": "", "5ad3f4ed604f3c001a3ff967": "", "57114b1a2419e31400955575": "oscillating cylinder steam engine", "57114b1a2419e31400955576": "(trunnion).", "57114b1a2419e31400955577": "models", "57114b1a2419e31400955578": "ships", "5ad3fc1f604f3c001a3ffb7b": "oscillating cylinder steam engine", "5ad3fc1f604f3c001a3ffb7c": "", "5ad3fc1f604f3c001a3ffb7d": "", "5ad3fc1f604f3c001a3ffb7e": "ships", "5ad3fc1f604f3c001a3ffb7f": "", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a53": "recycled continuously,", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a54": "\"open loop\"", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a55": "Mercury", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a56": "water", "5ad415fd604f3c001a400327": "", "5ad415fd604f3c001a400328": "", "5ad415fd604f3c001a400329": "Mercury", "5ad415fd604f3c001a40032a": "Mercury", "5ad415fd604f3c001a40032b": "", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5b": "working fluid.", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5c": "565", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5d": "stainless steel)", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5e": "30 \u00b0C.", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5f": "63%", "5ad418fb604f3c001a400431": "working fluid.", "5ad418fb604f3c001a400432": "565", "5ad418fb604f3c001a400433": "", "5ad418fb604f3c001a400434": "", "5ad418fb604f3c001a400435": "63%", "57114f0050c2381900b54a65": "Steam engines", "57114f0050c2381900b54a66": "steamboats", "57114f0050c2381900b54a67": "Stanley Steamer.", "57114f0050c2381900b54a68": "factories,", "57114f0050c2381900b54a69": "an increase in the land available for cultivation.", "5ad3c1ad604f3c001a3fef8d": "", "5ad3c1ad604f3c001a3fef8e": "steamboats", "5ad3c1ad604f3c001a3fef8f": "", "5ad3c1ad604f3c001a3fef90": "", "5ad3c1ad604f3c001a3fef91": "", "571153422419e3140095557d": "Catch Me Who Can", "571153422419e3140095557e": "Matthew Murray", "571153422419e3140095557f": "twin-cylinder", "571153422419e31400955580": "Middleton Railway.", "571153422419e31400955581": "Stockton and Darlington Railway.", "5ad3d2aa604f3c001a3ff261": "", "5ad3d2aa604f3c001a3ff262": "Matthew Murray", "5ad3d2aa604f3c001a3ff263": "", "5ad3d2aa604f3c001a3ff264": "", "5ad3d2aa604f3c001a3ff265": "", "5711541350c2381900b54a6f": "Arthur Woolf,", "5711541350c2381900b54a70": "British", "5711541350c2381900b54a71": "torque variability", "5711541350c2381900b54a72": "cylinder volume", "5ad3eb61604f3c001a3ff71b": "", "5ad3eb61604f3c001a3ff71c": "", "5ad3eb61604f3c001a3ff71d": "", "5ad3eb61604f3c001a3ff71e": "", "5ad3eb61604f3c001a3ff71f": "", "571154c72419e31400955587": "90%", "571154c72419e31400955588": "", "571154c72419e31400955589": "gas turbines,", "571154c72419e3140095558a": "steam turbines", "571154c72419e3140095558b": "reduction gearing", "5ad3f846604f3c001a3ffa5d": "", "5ad3f846604f3c001a3ffa5e": "", "5ad3f846604f3c001a3ffa5f": "", "5ad3f846604f3c001a3ffa60": "", "5ad3f846604f3c001a3ffa61": "", "571155ae2419e31400955591": "The Rankine cycle", "571155ae2419e31400955592": "removed in a condenser.", "571155ae2419e31400955593": "1990s,", "571155ae2419e31400955594": "biomass,", "571155ae2419e31400955595": "Scottish", "5ad41260604f3c001a40023f": "", "5ad41260604f3c001a400240": "", "5ad41260604f3c001a400241": "", "5ad41260604f3c001a400242": "", "5ad41260604f3c001a400243": "", "571156152419e3140095559b": "duty", "571156152419e3140095559c": "Watt", "571156152419e3140095559d": "94", "571156152419e3140095559e": "7 million,", "571156152419e3140095559f": "17", "5ad41813604f3c001a4003dd": "", "5ad41813604f3c001a4003de": "Watt", "5ad41813604f3c001a4003df": "", "5ad41813604f3c001a4003e0": "", "5ad41813604f3c001a4003e1": "", "57115ac550c2381900b54a77": "steam turbines", "57115ac550c2381900b54a78": "Reciprocating piston type", "57115ac550c2381900b54a79": "turbine type steam engines,", "57115ac550c2381900b54a7a": "internal combustion engines", "5ad3c061604f3c001a3fef6f": "steam turbines", "5ad3c061604f3c001a3fef70": "Reciprocating piston type steam engines", "5ad3c061604f3c001a3fef71": "turbine type steam engines,", "5ad3c061604f3c001a3fef72": "internal combustion engines", "5ad3c061604f3c001a3fef73": "", "57115b2850c2381900b54a7f": "Thomas Savery.", "57115b2850c2381900b54a80": "a water pump,", "57115b2850c2381900b54a81": "1698", "57115b2850c2381900b54a82": "Bento de Moura", "57115b2850c2381900b54a83": "John Smeaton", "5ad3c57a604f3c001a3feff1": "", "5ad3c57a604f3c001a3feff2": "", "5ad3c57a604f3c001a3feff3": "", "5ad3c57a604f3c001a3feff4": "Bento de Moura", "5ad3c57a604f3c001a3feff5": "John Smeaton", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a89": "Richard Trevithick", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8a": "Oliver Evans", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8b": "1802.", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8c": "transport", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8d": "power", "5ad3cab2604f3c001a3ff0e3": "Richard Trevithick", "5ad3cab2604f3c001a3ff0e4": "", "5ad3cab2604f3c001a3ff0e5": "1801", "5ad3cab2604f3c001a3ff0e6": "transport", "5ad3cab2604f3c001a3ff0e7": "", "57115bf350c2381900b54a93": "Energiprojekt AB", "57115bf350c2381900b54a94": "Sweden", "57115bf350c2381900b54a95": "5", "57115bf350c2381900b54a96": "8.8", "57115bf350c2381900b54a97": "27-30%", "5ad3d4db604f3c001a3ff2b1": "Energiprojekt AB", "5ad3d4db604f3c001a3ff2b2": "", "5ad3d4db604f3c001a3ff2b3": "", "5ad3d4db604f3c001a3ff2b4": "", "5ad3d4db604f3c001a3ff2b5": "", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9d": "surface condensers", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9e": "automobile radiator", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9f": "locations where water is costly.", "57115c7450c2381900b54aa0": "(wet)", "57115c7450c2381900b54aa1": "3600", "5ad3d7e0604f3c001a3ff35d": "surface condensers", "5ad3d7e0604f3c001a3ff35e": "", "5ad3d7e0604f3c001a3ff35f": "", "5ad3d7e0604f3c001a3ff360": "", "5ad3d7e0604f3c001a3ff361": "", "57115dbe2419e314009555a5": "centrifugal governor", "57115dbe2419e314009555a6": "Boulton", "57115dbe2419e314009555a7": "flour mill", "57115dbe2419e314009555a8": "cotton spinning.", "57115dbe2419e314009555a9": "hold a set speed,", "5ad3ea77604f3c001a3ff6df": "", "5ad3ea77604f3c001a3ff6e0": "", "5ad3ea77604f3c001a3ff6e1": "flour mill", "5ad3ea77604f3c001a3ff6e2": "", "5ad3ea77604f3c001a3ff6e3": "", "57115e532419e314009555af": "1880;", "57115e532419e314009555b0": "railway locomotives", "57115e532419e314009555b1": "complicated.", "57115e532419e314009555b2": "1930).", "57115e532419e314009555b3": "road engines", "5ad3ee11604f3c001a3ff7d7": "", "5ad3ee11604f3c001a3ff7d8": "railway locomotives", "5ad3ee11604f3c001a3ff7d9": "universal", "5ad3ee11604f3c001a3ff7da": "", "5ad3ee11604f3c001a3ff7db": "road engines", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa7": "\"shortening the cutoff\"", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa8": "(\"kick back\").[citation", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa9": "evacuate the cylinder,", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aaa": "fixed length", "5ad3f13e604f3c001a3ff865": "", "5ad3f13e604f3c001a3ff866": "", "5ad3f13e604f3c001a3ff867": "evacuate the cylinder,", "5ad3f13e604f3c001a3ff868": "", "5ad3f13e604f3c001a3ff869": "", "57115f652419e314009555b9": "Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz y Beaumont", "57115f652419e314009555ba": "Spanish", "57115f652419e314009555bb": "1606.", "57115f652419e314009555bc": "1698", "57115f652419e314009555bd": "1712", "5ad3be46604f3c001a3fef37": "", "5ad3be46604f3c001a3fef38": "", "5ad3be46604f3c001a3fef39": "", "5ad3be46604f3c001a3fef3a": "", "5ad3be46604f3c001a3fef3b": "", "57115ff82419e314009555c3": "(rotating discs)", "57115ff82419e314009555c4": "drive shaft,", "57115ff82419e314009555c5": "(static discs)", "57115ff82419e314009555c6": "turbine casing.", "57115ff82419e314009555c7": "3600 revolutions per minute", "5ad3f689604f3c001a3ff9e3": "steam turbine", "5ad3f689604f3c001a3ff9e4": "drive shaft,", "5ad3f689604f3c001a3ff9e5": "", "5ad3f689604f3c001a3ff9e6": "drive shaft,", "5ad3f689604f3c001a3ff9e7": "3600 revolutions per minute", "5711607f2419e314009555cd": "lower", "5711607f2419e314009555ce": "electric motors.", "5711607f2419e314009555cf": "steam turbine plant,", "5711607f2419e314009555d0": "Advanced Steam movement.[citation", "5711607f2419e314009555d1": "pollution", "5ad3c3bc604f3c001a3fef9f": "lower", "5ad3c3bc604f3c001a3fefa0": "electric motors.", "5ad3c3bc604f3c001a3fefa1": "", "5ad3c3bc604f3c001a3fefa2": "", "5ad3c3bc604f3c001a3fefa3": "", "571161092419e314009555d7": "Wankel engine", "571161092419e314009555d8": "cylinders and valve gear", "571161092419e314009555d9": "thermal expansion;", "5ad40864604f3c001a3ffeeb": "", "5ad40864604f3c001a3ffeec": "cylinders and valve gear", "5ad40864604f3c001a3ffeed": "thermal expansion;", "5ad40864604f3c001a3ffeee": "", "5ad40864604f3c001a3ffeef": "", "5711619950c2381900b54aaf": "(1763\u20131775)", "5711619950c2381900b54ab0": "separate condenser.", "5711619950c2381900b54ab1": "half as much", "5711619950c2381900b54ab2": "Newcomen's", "5711619950c2381900b54ab3": "a piston", "5ad3c75a604f3c001a3ff045": "(1763\u20131775)", "5ad3c75a604f3c001a3ff046": "", "5ad3c75a604f3c001a3ff047": "", "5ad3c75a604f3c001a3ff048": "", "5ad3c75a604f3c001a3ff049": "a piston", "5711623e50c2381900b54ab9": "two", "5711623e50c2381900b54aba": "plug valve", "5711623e50c2381900b54abb": "adjustable spring-loaded valve,", "5711623e50c2381900b54abc": "a seal", "5711623e50c2381900b54abd": "more power from the engine.", "5ad40b9a604f3c001a400019": "", "5ad40b9a604f3c001a40001a": "", "5ad40b9a604f3c001a40001b": "", "5ad40b9a604f3c001a40001c": "a seal", "5ad40b9a604f3c001a40001d": "more power from the engine.", "5711628a2419e314009555dd": "Corliss steam engine,", "5711628a2419e314009555de": "1849,", "5711628a2419e314009555df": "four", "5711628a2419e314009555e0": "Rumford medal", "5711628a2419e314009555e1": "30%", "5ad3cb62604f3c001a3ff111": "", "5ad3cb62604f3c001a3ff112": "", "5ad3cb62604f3c001a3ff113": "", "5ad3cb62604f3c001a3ff114": "Rumford medal", "5ad3cb62604f3c001a3ff115": "30%", "571163172419e314009555e7": "thermodynamic theory;", "571163172419e314009555e8": "Watt", "571163172419e314009555e9": "separate condenser.", "571163172419e314009555ea": "Joseph Black,", "571163172419e314009555eb": "latent heat,", "5ad41733604f3c001a40037f": "thermodynamic theory;", "5ad41733604f3c001a400380": "", "5ad41733604f3c001a400381": "", "5ad41733604f3c001a400382": "", "5ad41733604f3c001a400383": "", "5711648850c2381900b54ac3": "relatively little work is required to drive the pump,", "5711648850c2381900b54ac4": "liquid phase", "5711648850c2381900b54ac5": "1% to 3%", "5711648850c2381900b54ac6": "1500 \u00b0C.", "5ad419f8604f3c001a400499": "", "5ad419f8604f3c001a40049a": "liquid phase", "5ad419f8604f3c001a40049b": "", "5ad419f8604f3c001a40049c": "", "5ad419f8604f3c001a40049d": "", "5711651050c2381900b54acb": "an injector)", "5711651050c2381900b54acc": "recover the latent heat of vaporisation,", "5711651050c2381900b54acd": "superheaters", "5711651050c2381900b54ace": "(bunker)", "5711651050c2381900b54acf": "a chain or screw stoking mechanism", "5ad3d560604f3c001a3ff2c5": "", "5ad3d560604f3c001a3ff2c6": "", "5ad3d560604f3c001a3ff2c7": "", "5ad3d560604f3c001a3ff2c8": "", "5ad3d560604f3c001a3ff2c9": "", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad5": "feed water", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad6": "British", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad7": "dreadnought battleships,", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad8": "ocean liners.", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad9": "1905", "5ad3ef13604f3c001a3ff7f9": "", "5ad3ef13604f3c001a3ff7fa": "British", "5ad3ef13604f3c001a3ff7fb": "dreadnought battleships,", "5ad3ef13604f3c001a3ff7fc": "ocean liners.", "5ad3ef13604f3c001a3ff7fd": "", "571166352419e314009555f1": "water", "571166352419e314009555f2": "a turbine connected to an electrical generator.", "571166352419e314009555f3": "an electrical generator.", "571166352419e314009555f4": "turbo-electric transmission,", "571166352419e314009555f5": "Britain", "5ad3fabc604f3c001a3ffb1b": "water", "5ad3fabc604f3c001a3ffb1c": "", "5ad3fabc604f3c001a3ffb1d": "", "5ad3fabc604f3c001a3ffb1e": "", "5ad3fabc604f3c001a3ffb1f": "", "5711669550c2381900b54adf": "practical Carnot cycle", "5711669550c2381900b54ae0": "(in the condenser)", "5711669550c2381900b54ae1": "(constant pressure)", "5711669550c2381900b54ae2": "isothermal", "5711669550c2381900b54ae3": "liquid", "5ad414dd604f3c001a4002c7": "", "5ad414dd604f3c001a4002c8": "(in the condenser)", "5ad414dd604f3c001a4002c9": "", "5ad414dd604f3c001a4002ca": "", "5ad414dd604f3c001a4002cb": "liquid", "571a484210f8ca1400304fbd": "8", "571a484210f8ca1400304fbe": "hydrogen", "571a484210f8ca1400304fbf": "Diatomic oxygen", "571a484210f8ca1400304fc0": "two", "571a484210f8ca1400304fc1": "half", "571c3a685efbb31900334db2": "8", "571c3a685efbb31900334db3": "chalcogen", "571c3a685efbb31900334db4": "oxides)", "571c3a685efbb31900334db5": "third-most abundant", "571c3a685efbb31900334db6": "dioxygen,", "5ad21646d7d075001a4283c4": "Oxygen", "5ad21646d7d075001a4283c5": "", "5ad21646d7d075001a4283c6": "", "5ad21646d7d075001a4283c7": "", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94a": "photosynthesis,", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94b": "sunlight", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94c": "high-altitude ozone layer", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09c": "oxygen,", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09d": "water", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09e": "photosynthesis,", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09f": "water", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c0a0": "", "5ad21e1ad7d075001a42846e": "", "5ad21e1ad7d075001a42846f": "Oxygen", "5ad21e1ad7d075001a428470": "", "5ad21e1ad7d075001a428471": "", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd5": "Robert Boyle", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd6": "John Mayow", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd7": "nitroaereus", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd8": "(1641\u20131679)", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a6": "Robert Boyle", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a7": "spiritus nitroaereus", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a8": "", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a9": "respiration", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0aa": "John Mayow", "5ad22a95d7d075001a4285da": "", "5ad22a95d7d075001a4285db": "", "5ad22a96d7d075001a4285dc": "", "5ad22a96d7d075001a4285dd": "", "5ad22a96d7d075001a4285de": "", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a958": "Joseph Priestley", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a959": "clergyman", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95a": "mercuric oxide", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95b": "(HgO)", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b0": "", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b1": "\"dephlogisticated air\".", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b2": "1775", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b3": "Because he published his findings first,", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b4": "more active and lived longer", "5ad22cd0d7d075001a428618": "", "5ad22cd0d7d075001a428619": "", "5ad22cd0d7d075001a42861a": "", "5ad22cd0d7d075001a42861b": "\"dephlogisticated air\".", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdd": "Leonardo da Vinci", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fde": "Philo of Byzantium.", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdf": "2nd century BCE", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fe0": "Philo incorrectly", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0ba": "Philo of Byzantium.", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bb": "fire", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bc": "Pneumatica,", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bd": "Leonardo da Vinci", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0be": "air", "5ad21f6fd7d075001a4284a4": "inverting a vessel over a burning candle and surrounding the vessel's neck with water resulted in some water rising into the neck.", "5ad21f6fd7d075001a4284a5": "2nd century BCE", "5ad21f6fd7d075001a4284a6": "Leonardo da Vinci", "5ad21f6fd7d075001a4284a7": "", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a960": "an ignition event, such as heat or a spark,", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a961": "the source of most of the chemical energy", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a962": "high oxidative potential,", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a963": "oxygen", "571cebc05efbb31900334e48": "rapid combustion.", "571cebc05efbb31900334e49": "ignition event,", "571cebc05efbb31900334e4a": "oxidant,", "571cebc05efbb31900334e4b": "most of the chemical energy", "571cebc05efbb31900334e4c": "peroxides, chlorates, nitrates, perchlorates, and dichromates", "5ad2678ad7d075001a42922c": "rapid combustion. Fire and explosion hazards exist when concentrated oxidants and fuels are brought into close proximity; an ignition event, such as heat or a spark, is needed to trigger combustion.", "5ad2678ad7d075001a42922d": "", "5ad2678ad7d075001a42922e": "", "5ad2678ad7d075001a42922f": "Combustion", "5ad2678ad7d075001a429230": "", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a969": "", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96a": "1\u20443", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96b": "", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a0": "combustion", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a1": "ignition sources are minimized.", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a2": "special training", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a4": "the Apollo 1 crew", "5ad2685dd7d075001a429276": "", "5ad2685dd7d075001a429278": "", "5ad2685dd7d075001a429279": "", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe5": "mantle,", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe6": "", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe7": "carbon dioxide", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3e": "carbon dioxide", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3f": "", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e40": "The Earth's mantle,", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e41": "mantle,", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e42": "silicates", "5ad26235d7d075001a429080": "", "5ad26235d7d075001a429081": "", "5ad26235d7d075001a429082": "", "5ad26235d7d075001a429083": "", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c4": "", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c5": "simplest", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c6": "HO", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c7": "", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c8": "Avogadro's law", "5ad23e1bd7d075001a4288b4": "", "5ad23e1bd7d075001a4288b5": "", "5ad23e1bd7d075001a4288b6": "", "5ad23e1bd7d075001a4288b7": "", "5ad23e1bd7d075001a4288b8": "", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0ce": "phlogiston;", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0cf": "non-combustible", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d0": "Air", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d1": "metals,", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d2": "become lighter", "5ad22b87d7d075001a428600": "", "5ad22b87d7d075001a428601": "", "5ad22b87d7d075001a428602": "", "5ad22b87d7d075001a428603": "", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d8": "a covalent double bond", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d9": "two", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0da": "Aufbau,", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0db": "chemically", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0dc": "the filling of molecular orbitals formed from the atomic orbitals of the individual oxygen atoms,", "5ad24180d7d075001a428970": "a covalent double bond that results from the filling of molecular orbitals formed from the atomic orbitals of the individual oxygen atoms,", "5ad24180d7d075001a428971": "", "5ad24180d7d075001a428972": "O-O molecular axis", "5ad24180d7d075001a428973": "", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e2": "1773", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e3": "1774,", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e4": "his work was published first.", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e5": "Antoine Lavoisier,", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e6": "phlogiston theory of combustion and corrosion.", "5ad21ebdd7d075001a428488": "1774,", "5ad21ebdd7d075001a428489": "", "5ad21ebdd7d075001a42848a": "Joseph Priestley", "5ad21ebdd7d075001a42848b": "", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ec": "spin triplet state.", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ed": "triplet oxygen.[b]", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ee": "unpaired electrons,", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ef": "spontaneous", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0f0": "", "5ad24369d7d075001a4289ea": "triplet oxygen.[b]", "5ad24369d7d075001a4289eb": "", "5ad24369d7d075001a4289ec": "", "5ad24369d7d075001a4289ed": "", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f6": "trapped air", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f7": "weight", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f8": "", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f9": "1777.", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0fa": "azote", "5ad2381dd7d075001a42882a": "", "5ad2381dd7d075001a42882b": "Azote", "5ad2381dd7d075001a42882c": "1777.", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c100": "ozone", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c101": "Trioxygen", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c102": "very reactive allotrope of oxygen that is damaging to lung tissue.", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c103": "protective radiation shield", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c104": "", "5ad24ce8d7d075001a428c0c": "", "5ad24ce8d7d075001a428c0d": "", "5ad24ce8d7d075001a428c0e": "", "5ad24ce8d7d075001a428c0f": "", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10a": "dioxygen,", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10b": "dioxygen,", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10c": "major part", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10d": "energy content,", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10e": "cellular respiration", "5ad24b13d7d075001a428bcc": "dioxygen,", "5ad24b13d7d075001a428bcd": "", "5ad24b13d7d075001a428bce": "", "5ad24b13d7d075001a428bcf": "Due to its energy content,", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c114": "James Dewar", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c115": "1891", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c116": "1895", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c118": "oxyacetylene welding", "5ad23f8fd7d075001a4288ec": "", "5ad23f8fd7d075001a4288ed": "", "5ad23f8fd7d075001a4288ee": "", "5ad23f8fd7d075001a4288ef": "", "571c96095efbb31900334dbc": "Oxygen", "571c96095efbb31900334dbd": "temperature-dependent,", "571c96095efbb31900334dbe": "6.04 milliliters", "571c96095efbb31900334dbf": "seawater", "571c96095efbb31900334dc0": "twice as much", "5ad24de6d7d075001a428c32": "", "5ad24de6d7d075001a428c33": "", "5ad24de6d7d075001a428c34": "temperature-dependent,", "5ad24de6d7d075001a428c35": "", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11e": "the most abundant chemical element", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11f": "third", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c120": "0.9%", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c121": "world's oceans", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c122": "ultraviolet radiation impacting oxygen-containing molecules", "5ad24ff3d7d075001a428ca4": "Oxygen", "5ad24ff3d7d075001a428ca5": "", "5ad24ff3d7d075001a428ca6": "", "5ad24ff3d7d075001a428ca7": "", "5ad24ff3d7d075001a428ca8": "Oxygen gas", "571caac55efbb31900334dc6": "19th century", "571caac55efbb31900334dc7": "compressing and cooling it.", "571caac55efbb31900334dc8": "Raoul Pierre Pictet", "571caac55efbb31900334dc9": "a few drops", "571caac55efbb31900334dca": "March 29, 1883", "5ad23eefd7d075001a4288d8": "chemist and physicist", "5ad23eefd7d075001a4288d9": "", "5ad23eefd7d075001a4288da": "", "5ad23eefd7d075001a4288db": "", "5ad23eefd7d075001a4288dc": "Jagiellonian", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd0": "the Sun", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd1": "oxygen-16", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd2": "Genesis", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd3": "unknown", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd4": "Earth.", "5ad25553d7d075001a428d34": "", "5ad25553d7d075001a428d35": "", "5ad25553d7d075001a428d36": "", "5ad25553d7d075001a428d37": "", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c128": "Singlet oxygen", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c129": "common organic molecules", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12a": "photosynthesis,", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12b": "photolysis of ozone", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12c": "Carotenoids", "5ad245f9d7d075001a428ac0": "", "5ad245f9d7d075001a428ac1": "", "5ad245f9d7d075001a428ac2": "", "5ad245f9d7d075001a428ac3": "Carotenoids", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c132": "Paleoclimatologists", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c133": "determine what the climate was like millions of years ago", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c134": "12%", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c135": "oxygen-18.", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c136": "lower global temperatures,", "5ad254a5d7d075001a428d24": "", "5ad254a5d7d075001a428d25": "isotope,", "5ad254a5d7d075001a428d26": "12%", "5ad254a5d7d075001a428d27": "", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13c": "687 and 760 nm.", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13d": "carbon cycle", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13e": "canopies", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13f": "", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c140": "", "5ad257e2d7d075001a428d98": "", "5ad257e2d7d075001a428d99": "", "5ad257e2d7d075001a428d9a": "", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c146": "paramagnetic.", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c147": "oxygen", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c148": "unpaired electrons", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c149": "magnetic field,", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c14a": "a bridge of liquid oxygen may be supported against its own weight between the poles of a powerful magnet.[c]", "5ad2456dd7d075001a428aa2": "paramagnetic.", "5ad2456dd7d075001a428aa3": "spin magnetic moments of the unpaired electrons in the molecule, and the negative exchange energy between neighboring O 2 molecules.", "5ad2456dd7d075001a428aa4": "", "571cc5c45efbb31900334dda": "dangerous by-products", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddb": "to destroy invading microbes.", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddc": "pathogen attack.", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddd": "obligately anaerobic", "571cc5c45efbb31900334dde": "2.5 billion years ago", "5ad258b4d7d075001a428dda": "", "5ad258b4d7d075001a428ddb": "(O\u2212 2)", "5ad258b4d7d075001a428ddc": "Reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide ion (O\u2212 2) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2),", "5ad258b4d7d075001a428ddd": "", "5ad258b4d7d075001a428dde": "", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de4": "90.20 K", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de5": "", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de6": "liquefied air.", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de7": "nitrogen", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de8": "combustible", "5ad24eb1d7d075001a428c62": "", "5ad24eb1d7d075001a428c63": "", "5ad24eb1d7d075001a428c64": "", "5ad24eb1d7d075001a428c65": "", "571cc8815efbb31900334dee": "water bodies.", "571cc8815efbb31900334def": "lower", "571cc8815efbb31900334df0": "higher oxygen content.", "571cc8815efbb31900334df1": "biochemical oxygen demand,", "571cc8815efbb31900334df2": "algae", "5ad252e6d7d075001a428d0c": "", "5ad252e6d7d075001a428d0d": "", "5ad252e6d7d075001a428d0e": "decay of these organisms", "5ad252e6d7d075001a428d0f": "", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c150": "3.5 billion years ago.", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c151": "Paleoproterozoic", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c152": "banded iron formations.", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c153": "1.7 billion years ago.", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c154": "3\u20132.7 billion years ago,", "5ad25b1cd7d075001a428e66": "", "5ad25b1cd7d075001a428e67": "Paleoproterozoic", "5ad25b1cd7d075001a428e68": "free oxygen began to outgas from the oceans", "5ad25b1cd7d075001a428e69": "", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15a": "oxygen cycle.", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15b": "biogeochemical", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15c": "three", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15d": "photosynthesis,", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15e": "oxygen", "5ad251d6d7d075001a428ce8": "", "5ad251d6d7d075001a428ce9": "the atmosphere, the biosphere, and the lithosphere.", "5ad251d6d7d075001a428cea": "", "5ad251d6d7d075001a428ceb": "", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df8": "pressure swing adsorption.", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df9": "90% to 93%", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfa": "nitrogen", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfb": "", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfc": "90% to 93% O 2.", "5ad25bf3d7d075001a428e94": "", "5ad25bf3d7d075001a428e95": "", "5ad25bf3d7d075001a428e96": "", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c164": "water", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c165": "Oxygen gas", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c166": "DC", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c167": "water", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c168": "Chemical", "5ad25d05d7d075001a428ed0": "Oxygen gas", "5ad25d05d7d075001a428ed1": "", "5ad25d05d7d075001a428ed2": "", "5ad25d05d7d075001a428ed3": "", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16e": "", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16f": "euphoric,", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c170": "performance", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c171": "aerobic", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c172": "placebo effect", "5ad26105d7d075001a428ff4": "", "5ad26105d7d075001a428ff5": "", "5ad26105d7d075001a428ff6": "", "5ad26105d7d075001a428ff7": "placebo effect", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e03": "Hyperbaric (high-pressure) medicine", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e04": "carbon monoxide from the heme group of hemoglobin.", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e05": "anaerobic bacteria", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e06": "Decompression sickness", "5ad25f35d7d075001a428f6a": "", "5ad25f35d7d075001a428f6b": "", "5ad25f35d7d075001a428f6c": "", "5ad25f35d7d075001a428f6d": "", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c178": "respiration,", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c179": "oxygen supplementation", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17a": "heart", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17b": "Oxygen therapy", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17c": "", "5ad25e70d7d075001a428f1c": "", "5ad25e70d7d075001a428f1d": "", "5ad25e70d7d075001a428f1e": "", "5ad25e70d7d075001a428f1f": "", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c182": "electronegativity,", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c183": "", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c184": "FeO", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c185": "oxides. The surface of most metals, such as aluminium and titanium, are oxidized in the presence of air and become coated with a thin film of oxide", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c186": "corrosion.", "5ad261bad7d075001a429050": "", "5ad261bad7d075001a429051": "electronegativity,", "5ad261bad7d075001a429052": "", "5ad261bad7d075001a429053": "", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18d": "cabin depressurization.", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18e": "exothermic reaction.", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18f": "", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c190": "oxygen", "5ad26000d7d075001a428fae": "People who climb mountains or fly in non-pressurized fixed-wing aircraft", "5ad26000d7d075001a428faf": "", "5ad26000d7d075001a428fb0": "", "5ad26000d7d075001a428fb1": "exothermic", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c196": "storage", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c197": "liquid", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c198": "specially insulated tankers,", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c199": "compressed gas;", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c19a": "hospitals", "5ad25dd3d7d075001a428f00": "", "5ad25dd3d7d075001a428f01": "", "5ad25dd3d7d075001a428f02": "one liter of liquefied oxygen", "5ad25dd3d7d075001a428f03": "", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0c": "organic solvents", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0d": "", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0e": "feeder materials", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0f": "Epoxides", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e10": "", "5ad262e2d7d075001a4290ca": "acetone, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, furan, THF, diethyl ether, dioxane, ethyl acetate, DMF, DMSO, acetic acid, and formic acid.", "5ad262e2d7d075001a4290cb": "alcohols", "5ad262e2d7d075001a4290cc": "", "5ad262e2d7d075001a4290cd": "", "5ad262e2d7d075001a4290ce": "", "571cde695efbb31900334e16": "biomolecules", "571cde695efbb31900334e17": "a few", "571cde695efbb31900334e18": "carbohydrates", "571cde695efbb31900334e19": "proteins", "571cde695efbb31900334e1a": "bones", "5ad26479d7d075001a42914e": "", "5ad26479d7d075001a42914f": "", "5ad26479d7d075001a429150": "", "5ad26479d7d075001a429151": "oxygen.", "571ce3745efbb31900334e20": "pulmonary fibrosis.", "571ce3745efbb31900334e21": "permanent pulmonary fibrosis.", "571ce3745efbb31900334e22": "160 kPa", "571ce3745efbb31900334e23": "seizures,", "571ce3745efbb31900334e24": "seizures,", "5ad266d0d7d075001a4291ec": "", "5ad266d0d7d075001a4291ed": "", "5ad266d0d7d075001a4291ee": "", "5ad266d0d7d075001a4291ef": "Acute oxygen toxicity", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2a": "low total pressures used.", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2b": "30 kPa", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2c": "(1.4 times normal),", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2d": "marginally more than normal sea-level O 2 partial pressure", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2e": "no damage", "5ad265efd7d075001a4291d0": "", "5ad265efd7d075001a4291d1": "low total pressures used.", "5ad265efd7d075001a4291d2": "", "5ad265efd7d075001a4291d3": "", "571ce6655efbb31900334e34": "elevated partial pressures,", "571ce6655efbb31900334e35": "partial pressures more than 50 kilopascals (kPa),", "571ce6655efbb31900334e36": "", "571ce6655efbb31900334e37": "mechanical ventilators,", "571ce6655efbb31900334e38": "30%\u201350%", "5ad26530d7d075001a4291a0": "", "5ad26530d7d075001a4291a1": "", "5ad26530d7d075001a4291a2": "", "5ad26530d7d075001a4291a3": "", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952d": "October 1973", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952e": "nearly $12", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952f": "1979", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89530": "shock", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89531": "members of the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries", "5a38a8d2a4b263001a8c1875": "", "5a38a8d2a4b263001a8c1876": "", "5a38a8d2a4b263001a8c1877": "", "5a38a8d2a4b263001a8c1878": "", "5a38a8d2a4b263001a8c1879": "\"second oil shock.\"", "5a75028897ca42001a521daf": "October", "5a75028897ca42001a521db0": "the Arab members of OPEC plus Egypt and Syria)", "5a75028897ca42001a521db1": "\"first oil shock\",", "5a75028897ca42001a521db2": "the 1979 oil crisis,", "5a75028897ca42001a521db3": "oil embargo.", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd28": "to avoid being targeted by the boycott.", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd29": "multilateral negotiations", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2a": "January 18, 1974,", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2b": "March 1974.", "5a38aa28a4b263001a8c187f": "Arab oil producers", "5a38aa28a4b263001a8c1880": "", "5a38aa28a4b263001a8c1881": "", "5a38aa28a4b263001a8c1882": "", "5a38aa28a4b263001a8c1883": "", "5a7504cb97ca42001a521dc3": "NATO.", "5a7504cb97ca42001a521dc4": "Japan", "5a7504cb97ca42001a521dc5": "Arab oil producers", "5a7504cb97ca42001a521dc6": "multilateral negotiations with the combatants.", "5a7504cb97ca42001a521dc7": "Israel", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4a": "August 15, 1971,", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4b": "(rise and fall according to market demand).", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4c": "increased their reserves", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4d": "September 1971,", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4e": "oil producers' real income decreased.", "5a38ab9fa4b263001a8c1889": "", "5a38ab9fa4b263001a8c188a": "", "5a38ab9fa4b263001a8c188b": "", "5a38ab9fa4b263001a8c188c": "", "5a38ab9fa4b263001a8c188d": "", "5a75054b97ca42001a521dcd": "Bretton Woods Accord.", "5a75054b97ca42001a521dce": "Gold Exchange Standard", "5a75054b97ca42001a521dcf": "\"float\" (rise and fall according to market demand).", "5a75054b97ca42001a521dd0": "(rise and fall according to market demand).", "5a75054b97ca42001a521dd1": "September 1971,", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd3": "less than two percent per year.", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd4": "", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd5": "1973\u20131974", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd6": "Until the oil shock,", "5a38ace7a4b263001a8c1893": "", "5a38ace7a4b263001a8c1894": "", "5a38ace7a4b263001a8c1895": "", "5a38ace7a4b263001a8c1896": "", "5a38ace7a4b263001a8c1897": "", "5a7505e497ca42001a521de1": "OPEC", "5a7505e497ca42001a521de2": "", "5a7505e497ca42001a521de3": "substantial price increases", "5a7505e497ca42001a521de4": "the oil shock,", "5725bad5271a42140099d0bd": "October 6, 1973,", "5725bad5271a42140099d0be": "Iran", "5725bad5271a42140099d0bf": "ten times more.\"", "5725bad5271a42140099d0c0": "Iran", "5725bad5271a42140099d0c1": "[the price of oil] is going to rise", "5a38b07ca4b263001a8c189d": "", "5a38b07ca4b263001a8c189e": "", "5a38b07ca4b263001a8c189f": "", "5a38b07ca4b263001a8c18a0": "", "5a38b07ca4b263001a8c18a1": "", "5a75066297ca42001a521de9": "launched a surprise attack on Israel,", "5a75066297ca42001a521dea": "Yom Kippur.", "5a75066297ca42001a521deb": "second-largest", "5a75066297ca42001a521dec": "a close US ally.", "5a75066297ca42001a521ded": "ten times more.\"", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0eb": "response to American aid to Israel,", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ec": "October 16, 1973,", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ed": "economic and political objectives were met.", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ee": "$2.2 billion", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ef": "\"principal hostile country\".", "5a38b29da4b263001a8c18a7": "", "5a38b29da4b263001a8c18a8": "", "5a38b29da4b263001a8c18a9": "", "5a38b29da4b263001a8c18aa": "", "5a38b29da4b263001a8c18ab": "", "5a75082a97ca42001a521df3": "raised the posted price of oil by 70%,", "5a75082a97ca42001a521df4": "70%,", "5a75082a97ca42001a521df5": "$5.11 a barrel.", "5a75082a97ca42001a521df6": "Libya", "5a75082a97ca42001a521df7": "October 20, 1973.", "57261dab38643c19005ad037": "over 100 billion dollars", "57261dab38643c19005ad038": "Al-Qaeda and the Taliban.", "57261dab38643c19005ad039": "the Middle East.", "57261dab38643c19005ad03a": "economies had been caught between higher oil prices and lower prices for their own export commodities,", "57261dab38643c19005ad03b": "Wahhabism,", "5a38b468a4b263001a8c18b1": "", "5a38b468a4b263001a8c18b2": "", "5a38b468a4b263001a8c18b3": "", "5a38b468a4b263001a8c18b4": "", "5a38b468a4b263001a8c18b5": "", "57261f9f271a42140099d4a9": "price disruptions", "57261f9f271a42140099d4aa": "the USSR", "57261f9f271a42140099d4ab": "1973", "57261f9f271a42140099d4ac": "Kissinger's", "5a38b5bca4b263001a8c18bb": "", "5a38b5bca4b263001a8c18bc": "", "5a38b5bca4b263001a8c18bd": "", "5a38b5bca4b263001a8c18be": "", "5a38b5bca4b263001a8c18bf": "", "5726241189a1e219009ac2de": "The embargo", "5726241189a1e219009ac2df": "automobiles.", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e0": "Macroeconomic", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e1": "Arctic.", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e2": "five to ten years", "5a38b819a4b263001a8c18c5": "", "5a38b819a4b263001a8c18c6": "", "5a38b819a4b263001a8c18c7": "", "5a38b819a4b263001a8c18c8": "", "5a38b819a4b263001a8c18c9": "", "5726487b5951b619008f6edd": "Netherlands", "5726487b5951b619008f6ede": "America", "5726487b5951b619008f6edf": "The UK", "5726487b5951b619008f6ee0": "Israelis", "5726487b5951b619008f6ee1": "Ted Heath,", "5a38b9b3a4b263001a8c18cf": "", "5a38b9b3a4b263001a8c18d0": "", "5a38b9b3a4b263001a8c18d1": "", "5a38b9b3a4b263001a8c18d2": "", "5a38b9b3a4b263001a8c18d3": "", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db36": "UK", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db37": "strikes by coal miners and railroad workers", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db38": "the winter of 1973\u201374", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db39": "Norway", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db3a": "", "5a38baa2a4b263001a8c18d9": "flying, driving and boating", "5a38baa2a4b263001a8c18da": "", "5a38baa2a4b263001a8c18db": "", "5a38baa2a4b263001a8c18dc": "", "5a38baa2a4b263001a8c18dd": "", "57264cac708984140094c1b3": "Price controls", "57264cac708984140094c1b4": "to encourage investment.", "57264cac708984140094c1b5": "greater scarcity.", "57264cac708984140094c1b7": "rationing", "5a38bbe3a4b263001a8c18e3": "", "5a38bbe3a4b263001a8c18e4": "", "5a38bbe3a4b263001a8c18e5": "oil exploration.", "5a38bbe3a4b263001a8c18e6": "", "5a38bbe3a4b263001a8c18e7": "", "57264d9edd62a815002e80fe": "William E. Simon", "57264d9edd62a815002e80ff": "1973", "57264d9edd62a815002e8100": "to coordinate the response to the embargo.", "57264d9edd62a815002e8101": "20%", "5a38bd58a4b263001a8c18ed": "", "5a38bd58a4b263001a8c18ee": "", "5a38bd58a4b263001a8c18ef": "", "5a38bd58a4b263001a8c18f0": "the same amount", "5a38bd58a4b263001a8c18f1": "lines at gasoline stations", "57264efddd62a815002e8134": "55 mph (about 88 km/h)", "57264efddd62a815002e8135": "Emergency Highway Energy Conservation Act.", "57264efddd62a815002e8136": "", "57264efddd62a815002e8137": "November 28, 1995,", "57264efddd62a815002e8138": "1977", "5a38bf63a4b263001a8c18f7": "", "5a38bf63a4b263001a8c18f8": "", "5a38bf63a4b263001a8c18f9": "", "5a38bf63a4b263001a8c18fa": "", "5a38bf63a4b263001a8c18fb": "", "572650325951b619008f6fa9": "The energy crisis", "572650325951b619008f6faa": "market and technology realities.", "572650325951b619008f6fab": "congresses and presidents", "5a38c16aa4b263001a8c1901": "", "5a38c16aa4b263001a8c1902": "", "5a38c16aa4b263001a8c1903": "", "5a38c16aa4b263001a8c1904": "", "5a38c16aa4b263001a8c1905": "", "57265200708984140094c237": "the U.S. was so distraught by the rise in oil prices and being challenged by under-developed countries that they briefly considered military action to forcibly seize Middle Eastern oilfields in late 1973. Although no explicit plan was mentioned, a conversation between U.S.", "57265200708984140094c238": "British", "57265200708984140094c239": "10 years", "57265200708984140094c23a": "the Arabs and much of the rest of the Third World.\"", "5a38c34ea4b263001a8c190b": "", "5a38c34ea4b263001a8c190c": "", "5a38c34ea4b263001a8c190d": "", "5a38c34ea4b263001a8c190e": "", "5a38c34ea4b263001a8c190f": "", "57265360dd62a815002e819a": "Japan", "57265360dd62a815002e819b": "71%", "57265360dd62a815002e819c": "declared Japan a \"nonfriendly\" country", "57265360dd62a815002e819d": "November 22,", "57265360dd62a815002e819e": "December 25,", "5a38c6bca4b263001a8c1915": "", "5a38c6bca4b263001a8c1916": "", "5a38c6bca4b263001a8c1917": "", "5a38c6bca4b263001a8c1918": "", "5a38c6bca4b263001a8c1919": "", "57265526708984140094c2bd": "USSR's", "57265526708984140094c2be": "Saudi Arabia and Iran", "57265526708984140094c2bf": "Saudi", "57265526708984140094c2c0": "", "57265526708984140094c2c1": "November 1979", "5a38c911a4b263001a8c191f": "", "5a38c911a4b263001a8c1920": "", "5a38c911a4b263001a8c1921": "", "5a38c911a4b263001a8c1922": "", "5a38c911a4b263001a8c1923": "", "5726581fdd62a815002e823a": "", "5726581fdd62a815002e823b": "Japanese", "5726581fdd62a815002e823c": "V8 and six cylinder engines.", "5726581fdd62a815002e823d": "Japanese", "5a38cd93a4b263001a8c1929": "", "5a38cd93a4b263001a8c192a": "", "5a38cd93a4b263001a8c192b": "", "5a38cd93a4b263001a8c192c": "Japanese", "5a38cd93a4b263001a8c192d": "", "572659535951b619008f703f": "1981", "572659535951b619008f7040": "Toyota Corona Mark II,", "572659535951b619008f7041": "air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle.", "572659535951b619008f7042": "Lexus", "5a38ceaaa4b263001a8c1933": "", "5a38ceaaa4b263001a8c1934": "", "5a38ceaaa4b263001a8c1935": "", "5a38ceaaa4b263001a8c1936": "", "5a38ceaaa4b263001a8c1937": "", "57265a58dd62a815002e8270": "Hilux", "57265a58dd62a815002e8271": "Dodge D-50", "57265a58dd62a815002e8272": "Ford", "57265a58dd62a815002e8273": "captive import policy.", "5a38d2f9a4b263001a8c193d": "", "5a38d2f9a4b263001a8c193e": "", "5a38d2f9a4b263001a8c193f": "", "5a38d2f9a4b263001a8c1940": "", "5a38d2f9a4b263001a8c1941": "", "57265bdfdd62a815002e829e": "An increase in imported cars into North America", "57265bdfdd62a815002e829f": "at least four", "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a0": "1985", "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a1": "Cadillac DeVille and Fleetwood,", "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a2": "lower price models such as the Chevrolet Bel Air, and Ford Galaxie 500.", "5a38d4b9a4b263001a8c1947": "introduce smaller and fuel-efficient models", "5a38d4b9a4b263001a8c1948": "", "5a38d4b9a4b263001a8c1949": "", "5a38d4b9a4b263001a8c194a": "", "5a38d4b9a4b263001a8c194b": "", "57265ceddd62a815002e82b8": "1979", "57265ceddd62a815002e82b9": "1981", "57265ceddd62a815002e82ba": "", "5a38d6e6a4b263001a8c1951": "", "5a38d6e6a4b263001a8c1952": "", "5a38d6e6a4b263001a8c1953": "", "5a38d6e6a4b263001a8c1954": "", "5a38d6e6a4b263001a8c1955": "", "57265e11708984140094c3bb": "1981", "57265e11708984140094c3bc": "", "57265e11708984140094c3bd": "trying to recover market share,", "57265e11708984140094c3be": "$40 per barrel,", "5a38d93da4b263001a8c195b": "", "5a38d93da4b263001a8c195c": "", "5a38d93da4b263001a8c195d": "", "5a38d93da4b263001a8c195e": "", "5a38d93da4b263001a8c195f": "pre-1973", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5d": "a body of treaties and legislation,", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5e": "the Treaties establishing the European Union.", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5f": "regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties.", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd60": "European Parliament and the Council of the European Union,", "5725c28a271a42140099d14d": "a body of treaties and legislation,", "5725c28a271a42140099d14e": "direct effect or indirect effect", "5725c28a271a42140099d14f": "primary law, secondary law and supplementary law.", "5725c28a271a42140099d150": "European Parliament and the Council of the European Union,", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f0": "primary law, secondary law and supplementary law.", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f1": "the Treaties establishing the European Union.", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f2": "the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union,", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f3": "three", "5ad108f9645df0001a2d0a74": "", "5ad108f9645df0001a2d0a75": "", "5ad108f9645df0001a2d0a76": "", "5ad108f9645df0001a2d0a77": "supplementary law.", "5ad108f9645df0001a2d0a78": "", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d1": "the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union.", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d2": "the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law.", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d4": "the Court of Justice of the European Union.", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d5": "international law", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d503": "the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union.", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d504": "Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d505": "the Court of Justice of the European Union.", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d506": "case law by the Court of Justice,", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890a": "the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union.", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890b": "the courts of member states", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890c": "The European Court of Justice", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890d": "case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "5ad10e0f645df0001a2d0b72": "", "5ad10e0f645df0001a2d0b73": "", "5ad10e0f645df0001a2d0b74": "", "5ad10e0f645df0001a2d0b75": "", "5ad10e0f645df0001a2d0b76": "", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d549": "Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU),", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54a": "The European Commission", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54b": "citizens", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54c": "The European Court of Justice", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54d": "The \"European Council\"", "5ad10ece645df0001a2d0b98": "", "5ad10ece645df0001a2d0b99": "", "5ad10ece645df0001a2d0b9a": "", "5ad10ece645df0001a2d0b9b": "", "5ad10ece645df0001a2d0b9c": "", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb4": "The TEU", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb5": "The TEU specifically excludes certain regions, for example the Faroe Islands,", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb6": "can interpret the Treaties, but it cannot rule on their validity,", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb7": "if the Treaty provisions have a direct effect and they are sufficiently clear, precise and unconditional.", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb8": "as soon as they enter into force,", "57268d2ddd62a815002e894e": "Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU).", "57268d2ddd62a815002e894f": "Gibraltar and the \u00c5land islands.", "57268d2ddd62a815002e8950": "as soon as they enter into force, unless stated otherwise,", "57268d2ddd62a815002e8951": "The Court of Justice of the European Union", "5ad10f94645df0001a2d0bc4": "", "5ad10f94645df0001a2d0bc5": "", "5ad10f94645df0001a2d0bc6": "", "5ad10f94645df0001a2d0bc7": "", "5ad10f94645df0001a2d0bc8": "", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bb": "common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy,", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bc": "Treaty of Rome 1957 and the Maastricht Treaty 1992", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bd": "1985", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5be": "did not end up joining),", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bf": "Greenland", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b0": "", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b1": "1992", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b2": "1986", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b3": "1972", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b4": "1985", "5ad11097645df0001a2d0be0": "", "5ad11097645df0001a2d0be1": "", "5ad11097645df0001a2d0be2": "", "5ad11097645df0001a2d0be3": "", "5ad11097645df0001a2d0be4": "", "57264865dd62a815002e8062": "Following the Nice Treaty,", "57264865dd62a815002e8063": "", "57264865dd62a815002e8064": "very similar", "57264865dd62a815002e8065": "an amending treaty,", "57264865dd62a815002e8066": "it did not completely replace them.", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c4": "constitutional law of the European Union", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c5": "a single constitutional document.", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c6": "the referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands,", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c7": "Lisbon Treaty", "5ad11186645df0001a2d0bfe": "", "5ad11186645df0001a2d0bff": "", "5ad11186645df0001a2d0c00": "", "5ad11186645df0001a2d0c01": "Lisbon Treaty", "5ad11186645df0001a2d0c02": "", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808c": "The European Commission", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808d": "Commission", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808e": "The Commission's President", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808f": "one", "57264a8cdd62a815002e8090": "Federica Mogherini).", "572691545951b619008f76e1": "Article 17(3)", "572691545951b619008f76e2": "The Commission's President", "572691545951b619008f76e3": "a simple majority vote,", "572691545951b619008f76e4": "Ireland", "572691545951b619008f76e5": "Commissioners", "5ad11288645df0001a2d0c30": "", "5ad11288645df0001a2d0c31": "", "5ad11288645df0001a2d0c32": "", "5ad11288645df0001a2d0c33": "", "5ad11288645df0001a2d0c34": "", "57264e455951b619008f6f65": "the Santer Commission", "57264e455951b619008f6f66": "European Court of Justice held that a Commissioner giving her dentist a job, for which he was clearly unqualified, did in fact not break any law.", "57264e455951b619008f6f67": "Committee of Independent Experts", "57264e455951b619008f6f68": "the European Council,", "57264e455951b619008f6f69": "can sit in on ECB meetings, but do not have voting rights.", "5726926a5951b619008f7709": "1999", "5726926a5951b619008f770a": "Commission v Edith Cresson", "5726926a5951b619008f770b": "Committee of Independent Experts", "5726926a5951b619008f770c": "European Anti-fraud Office.", "5726926a5951b619008f770d": "2012", "5ad11374645df0001a2d0c6c": "", "5ad11374645df0001a2d0c6d": "", "5ad11374645df0001a2d0c6e": "", "5ad11374645df0001a2d0c6f": "", "5ad11374645df0001a2d0c70": "", "5726545f708984140094c2a5": "ministers", "5726545f708984140094c2a6": "Donald Tusk)", "5726545f708984140094c2a7": "inversely to member state size,", "5726545f708984140094c2a8": "352 votes,", "5726545f708984140094c2a9": "260", "57269424dd62a815002e8a1e": "", "57269424dd62a815002e8a1f": "each six months", "57269424dd62a815002e8a20": "352 votes,", "57269424dd62a815002e8a21": "55 per cent of the Council members (not votes) representing 65 per cent of the population of the EU:", "5ad1373b645df0001a2d11cc": "", "5ad1373b645df0001a2d11cd": "", "5ad1373b645df0001a2d11ce": "", "5ad1373b645df0001a2d11cf": "", "5ad1373b645df0001a2d11d0": "inversely to member state size,", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fa": "by a majority of all MEPs", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fb": "by qualified majority", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fc": "harder", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fd": "TEU articles 4 and 5", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fe": "the Court of Justice", "572695285951b619008f774b": "article 294", "572695285951b619008f774c": "a majority in Parliament, a minority in the Council, and a majority in the Commission:", "572695285951b619008f774d": "TEU articles 4 and 5", "572695285951b619008f774e": "\"Conciliation Committee\"", "5ad138f4645df0001a2d1258": "", "5ad138f4645df0001a2d1259": "", "5ad138f4645df0001a2d125a": "unanimity", "5ad138f4645df0001a2d125b": "", "5ad138f4645df0001a2d125c": "", "572658435951b619008f7025": "judicial", "572658435951b619008f7026": "Court of Justice of the European Union", "572658435951b619008f7027": "28 at present,", "572658435951b619008f7028": "(the English Court of Appeal, the German Bundesgerichtshof, the Belgian Cour du travail, etc.)", "572658435951b619008f7029": "\"ensure that in the interpretation and application of the Treaties the law is observed\",", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e484": "by assuming the task of interpreting the treaties, and accelerating economic and political integration.", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e485": "Court of Justice of the European Union", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e486": "Civil Service Tribunal", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e487": "three years.", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e488": "\"ensure that in the interpretation and application of the Treaties the law is observed\",", "5ad139b2645df0001a2d1292": "", "5ad139b2645df0001a2d1293": "", "5ad139b2645df0001a2d1294": "", "5ad139b2645df0001a2d1295": "", "5ad139b2645df0001a2d1296": "", "57265e455951b619008f70bb": "EU law", "57265e455951b619008f70bc": "because the nationalisation law was from 1962, and the treaty was in force from 1958,", "57265e455951b619008f70bd": "1964 and 1968.", "5726975c708984140094cb1f": "European Court of Justice and the highest national courts", "5726975c708984140094cb20": "1964", "5726975c708984140094cb21": "Court of Justice", "5ad13b23645df0001a2d12f8": "", "5ad13b23645df0001a2d12f9": "", "5ad13b23645df0001a2d12fa": "", "5ad13b23645df0001a2d12fb": "", "572699db5951b619008f7799": "EU law", "572699db5951b619008f779a": "foundational constitutional questions affecting democracy and human rights.", "572699db5951b619008f779b": "1972", "572699db5951b619008f779c": "if the EU does not comply with its basic constitutional rights and principles", "572699db5951b619008f779d": "the ultimate authority of member states, its factual commitment to human rights, and the democratic will of the people.", "5ad13dbb645df0001a2d1368": "", "5ad13dbb645df0001a2d1369": "", "5ad13dbb645df0001a2d136a": "", "5ad13dbb645df0001a2d136b": "", "5ad13dbb645df0001a2d136c": "", "57269aa65951b619008f77ab": "administrative law", "57269aa65951b619008f77ac": "1986", "57269aa65951b619008f77ad": "All actions", "57269aa65951b619008f77ae": "constitutional law", "5ad13ef3645df0001a2d138c": "", "5ad13ef3645df0001a2d138d": "", "5ad13ef3645df0001a2d138e": "", "5ad13ef3645df0001a2d138f": "", "5ad13ef3645df0001a2d1390": "", "57269bb8708984140094cb95": "Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen", "57269bb8708984140094cb96": "", "57269bb8708984140094cb97": "a postal company,", "57269bb8708984140094cb98": "Treaty provisions", "5ad14012645df0001a2d13b0": "", "5ad14012645df0001a2d13b1": "", "5ad14012645df0001a2d13b2": "", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b12": "Directives", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b13": "at least 4 weeks", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b14": "more than 28 days", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b15": "early 1990s", "5ad140ab645df0001a2d13ca": "", "5ad140ab645df0001a2d13cb": "", "5ad140ab645df0001a2d13cc": "", "5ad140ab645df0001a2d13cd": "", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e516": "the member state cannot enforce conflicting laws,", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e517": "a citizen or company can invoke a Directive,", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e518": "10 years,", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e519": "", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e51a": "60", "5ad141e1645df0001a2d1402": "", "5ad141e1645df0001a2d1403": "", "5ad141e1645df0001a2d1404": "", "5ad141e1645df0001a2d1405": "", "5ad141e1645df0001a2d1406": "", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e534": "national courts", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e535": "incorporations would only be nullified for a fixed list of reasons.", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e536": "set up an insurance fund for employees to claim unpaid wages if their employers had gone insolvent,", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e537": "6 million Lira", "5ad14337645df0001a2d145a": "", "5ad14337645df0001a2d145b": "", "5ad14337645df0001a2d145c": "", "5ad14337645df0001a2d145d": "", "5ad14337645df0001a2d145e": "", "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e550": "European Court of Justice", "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e551": "fundamental rights (see human rights), proportionality, legal certainty, equality before the law and subsidiarity.", "5ad14468645df0001a2d148a": "", "5ad14468645df0001a2d148b": "", "5ad14468645df0001a2d148c": "", "5ad14468645df0001a2d148d": "", "5726a09f708984140094cc39": "since the 1950s.", "5726a09f708984140094cc3a": "Article 5", "5726a09f708984140094cc3b": "the least onerous", "5ad14573645df0001a2d14b0": "", "5ad14573645df0001a2d14b1": "", "5ad14573645df0001a2d14b2": "", "5ad14573645df0001a2d14b3": "", "5ad14573645df0001a2d14b4": "", "5726a14c708984140094cc51": "since the 1960s.", "5726a14c708984140094cc52": "international law and public law,", "5726a14c708984140094cc53": "a proper legal basis.", "5726a14c708984140094cc54": "the principles of legal certainty and good faith,", "5ad146c0645df0001a2d1504": "", "5ad146c0645df0001a2d1505": "", "5ad146c0645df0001a2d1506": "", "5ad146c0645df0001a2d1507": "", "5ad146c0645df0001a2d1508": "", "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b86": "constitutional traditions common to the member states.", "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b87": "fundamental rights recognised and protected in the constitutions of member states.", "5ad14816645df0001a2d1540": "", "5ad14816645df0001a2d1541": "", "5ad14816645df0001a2d1542": "", "5ad14816645df0001a2d1543": "", "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9e": "None", "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9f": "European Court of Human Rights.", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba0": "1950", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba1": "European Court of Human Rights.", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba2": "1999", "5ad14966645df0001a2d1580": "None", "5ad14966645df0001a2d1581": "", "5ad14966645df0001a2d1582": "", "5ad14966645df0001a2d1583": "", "5ad14966645df0001a2d1584": "", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59e": "2007", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59f": "Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a0": "European Union law,", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a1": "European Court of Justice", "5ad14a28645df0001a2d159e": "", "5ad14a28645df0001a2d159f": "", "5ad14a28645df0001a2d15a0": "", "5ad14a28645df0001a2d15a1": "", "5ad14a28645df0001a2d15a2": "", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5ae": "1997 Treaty of Amsterdam", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5af": "", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b0": "1989", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b1": "30", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b2": "40", "5ad14b2e645df0001a2d15ea": "", "5ad14b2e645df0001a2d15eb": "", "5ad14b2e645df0001a2d15ec": "", "5ad14b2e645df0001a2d15ed": "", "5ad14b2e645df0001a2d15ee": "", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd0": "11", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd1": "The UK", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd2": "\"Social Chapter\"", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd3": "1992", "5ad14d8e645df0001a2d16b6": "", "5ad14d8e645df0001a2d16b7": "", "5ad14d8e645df0001a2d16b8": "", "5ad14d8e645df0001a2d16b9": "", "5ad14d8e645df0001a2d16ba": "", "5726a5525951b619008f78dd": "the election of the UK Labour Party to government in 1997,", "5726a5525951b619008f78de": "1997", "5726a5525951b619008f78df": "Works Council Directive,", "5726a5525951b619008f78e0": "1996", "5726a5525951b619008f78e1": "workforce consultation in businesses,", "5ad14e86645df0001a2d16de": "", "5ad14e86645df0001a2d16df": "", "5ad14e86645df0001a2d16e0": "", "5ad14e86645df0001a2d16e1": "", "5ad14e86645df0001a2d16e2": "", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf6": "France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Germany", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf7": "1951", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf8": "cartels", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf9": "article 66", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bfa": "1957", "5ad14f5a645df0001a2d1710": "", "5ad14f5a645df0001a2d1711": "", "5ad14f5a645df0001a2d1712": "", "5ad14f5a645df0001a2d1713": "", "5ad14f5a645df0001a2d1714": "", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e654": "Article 101(1),", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e655": "the abuse of dominant position,", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e656": "Articles 106 and 107", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e657": "Article 102", "5ad15059645df0001a2d1722": "", "5ad15059645df0001a2d1723": "", "5ad15059645df0001a2d1724": "", "5ad15059645df0001a2d1725": "", "5ad15059645df0001a2d1726": "", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b55": "2007", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b56": "since the Treaty of Rome 1957.", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b57": "consumer prices.", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b58": "free trade,", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b59": "the Court of Justice", "5ad15170645df0001a2d1734": "", "5ad15170645df0001a2d1735": "", "5ad15170645df0001a2d1736": "", "5ad15170645df0001a2d1737": "", "5ad15170645df0001a2d1738": "", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbe": "a customs union, and the principle of non-discrimination.", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbf": "parallel importers", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc0": "private actors.", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc1": "Commission v France", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc2": "protest", "5ad15289645df0001a2d175a": "", "5ad15289645df0001a2d175b": "", "5ad15289645df0001a2d175c": "", "5ad15289645df0001a2d175d": "", "5ad15289645df0001a2d175e": "", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e8": "25 per cent", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e9": "France", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ea": "2003", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8eb": "cocoa butter", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ec": "motorcycles or mopeds pulling trailers", "5ad153e9645df0001a2d1796": "", "5ad153e9645df0001a2d1797": "", "5ad153e9645df0001a2d1798": "", "5ad153e9645df0001a2d1799": "", "5726ba2c708984140094cf59": "Keck and Mithouard", "5726ba2c708984140094cf5a": "prevent cut throat competition,", "5726ba2c708984140094cf5b": "Konsumentombudsmannen v De Agostini", "5726ba2c708984140094cf5c": "Unfair Commercial Practices Directive,", "5ad1556e645df0001a2d17da": "", "5ad1556e645df0001a2d17db": "", "5ad1556e645df0001a2d17dc": "", "5ad1556e645df0001a2d17dd": "", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e74": "people to pursue their life goals in any country through free movement.", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e75": "the European Community", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e76": "\"citizenship\",", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e77": "Steymann v Staatssecretaris van Justitie,", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e78": "stay,", "5ad15676645df0001a2d17f6": "", "5ad15676645df0001a2d17f7": "", "5ad15676645df0001a2d17f8": "", "5ad15676645df0001a2d17f9": "", "5ad15676645df0001a2d17fa": "", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea6": "articles 1 to 7", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea7": "Jean-Marc Bosman", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea8": "Gaelic", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea9": "Hendrix v Employee Insurance Institute", "5726bc1add62a815002e8eaa": "between 3 and 14 hours a week", "5ad157cf645df0001a2d1814": "", "5ad157cf645df0001a2d1815": "", "5ad157cf645df0001a2d1816": "", "5ad157cf645df0001a2d1817": "", "5ad157cf645df0001a2d1818": "", "5726bcde708984140094cfbf": "Citizenship of the EU", "5726bcde708984140094cfc0": "social services that people can access wherever they move. The Court has required that higher education, along with other forms of vocational training, should be more access, albeit with qualifying periods.", "5726bcde708984140094cfc1": "Commission v Austria", "5726bcde708984140094cfc2": "higher education, along with other forms of vocational training,", "5ad158c0645df0001a2d1828": "", "5ad158c0645df0001a2d1829": "", "5ad158c0645df0001a2d182a": "", "5ad158c0645df0001a2d182b": "", "5726c002708984140094d073": "Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union", "5726c002708984140094d074": "if they were non-", "5726c002708984140094d075": "Reyners v Belgium", "5726c002708984140094d076": "article 49", "5726c002708984140094d077": "Commission v Italy", "5ad15a11645df0001a2d1856": "", "5ad15a11645df0001a2d1857": "", "5ad15a11645df0001a2d1858": "", "5ad15a11645df0001a2d1859": "", "5ad15a11645df0001a2d185a": "", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8a": "2006", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8b": "shipping toxic waste,", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8c": "October 2007,", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8d": "2005", "5ad15d77645df0001a2d18c0": "", "5ad15d77645df0001a2d18c1": "", "5ad15d77645df0001a2d18c2": "", "5ad15d77645df0001a2d18c3": "October 2007,", "5726c3da708984140094d0d9": "people who give services \"for remuneration\",", "5726c3da708984140094d0da": "Dutch law said only people established in the Netherlands could give legal advice.", "5726c3da708984140094d0db": "narcotic drugs", "5726c3da708984140094d0dc": "treatment in Germany. The Dutch health authorities regarded the treatment unnecessary, so she argued this restricted the freedom (of the German health clinic) to provide services. Several governments submitted that hospital services should not be regarded as economic, and should not fall within article 56.", "5ad15c52645df0001a2d18ac": "", "5ad15c52645df0001a2d18ad": "", "5ad15c52645df0001a2d18ae": "", "5ad15c52645df0001a2d18af": "", "5ad15c52645df0001a2d18b0": "", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac4": "Daily Mail", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac5": "\u00a31", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac6": "200,000 Danish krone", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac7": "creditor protection, labour rights to participate in work, or the public interest in collecting taxes,", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac8": "\u00dcberseering BV v Nordic Construction GmbH", "5ad15b19645df0001a2d187e": "", "5ad15b19645df0001a2d187f": "", "5ad15b19645df0001a2d1880": "", "5ad15b19645df0001a2d1881": "", "5ad15b19645df0001a2d1882": "", "5725b81b271a42140099d097": "Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle,", "5725b81b271a42140099d098": "5,500,000", "5725b81b271a42140099d099": "nine", "5725b81b271a42140099d09a": "four", "5725b81b271a42140099d09b": "over half", "5728349dff5b5019007d9efe": "Amazoneregenwoud),", "5728349dff5b5019007d9eff": "Amazon", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f00": "Brazil", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f01": "over half", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f02": "16,000", "5729e2316aef0514001550c4": "a moist broadleaf forest", "5729e2316aef0514001550c5": "7,000,000", "5729e2316aef0514001550c6": "nine", "5729e2316aef0514001550c7": "Brazil", "5729e2316aef0514001550c8": "390 billion", "5a0c6698f5590b0018dab3e4": "", "5a0c6698f5590b0018dab3e5": "", "5a0c6698f5590b0018dab3e6": "", "5a0c6698f5590b0018dab3e7": "", "5a0c6698f5590b0018dab3e8": "", "5725be0f271a42140099d117": "wetter", "5725be0f271a42140099d118": "Climate fluctuations", "5725be0f271a42140099d119": "Oligocene,", "5725be0f271a42140099d11a": "the last glacial maximum.", "5725be0f271a42140099d11b": "the rainforest still managed to thrive during these glacial periods,", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f94": "extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f95": "45", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f96": "Climate fluctuations", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f97": "Oligocene,", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f98": "expanded", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b5": "Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b6": "66\u201334 Mya,", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b7": "Middle Miocene,", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b8": "glacial maximum.", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b9": "34 million years", "5a0c677bf5590b0018dab3ee": "", "5a0c677bf5590b0018dab3ef": "", "5a0c677bf5590b0018dab3f0": "", "5a0c677bf5590b0018dab3f1": "", "5a0c677bf5590b0018dab3f2": "", "5725c071271a42140099d127": "along the middle", "5725c071271a42140099d128": "toward the Atlantic,", "5725c071271a42140099d129": "the Solim\u00f5es Basin.", "5725c071271a42140099d12a": "5\u201310 million years,", "5725c071271a42140099d12b": "easterly flow toward the Atlantic.", "57283d173acd2414000df78f": "mid-Eocene,", "57283d173acd2414000df790": "the Atlantic,", "57283d173acd2414000df791": "the Pacific", "57283d173acd2414000df792": "the Amazonas Basin.", "57283d173acd2414000df793": "Solim\u00f5es Basin.", "5729e6313f37b319004785a9": "mid-Eocene,", "5729e6313f37b319004785aa": "middle", "5729e6313f37b319004785ab": "toward the Atlantic,", "5729e6313f37b319004785ac": "the Pacific", "5729e6313f37b319004785ad": "Solim\u00f5es Basin.", "5a0c6a7ef5590b0018dab3f8": "", "5a0c6a7ef5590b0018dab3f9": "", "5a0c6a7ef5590b0018dab3fa": "Pacific", "5a0c6a7ef5590b0018dab3fb": "", "5a0c6a7ef5590b0018dab3fc": "", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50b": "Last Glacial Maximum", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50c": "rainfall in the basin during the LGM was lower than for the present,", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50d": "that the rainforest was reduced to small, isolated refugia separated by open forest and grassland;", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50e": "", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50f": "by the available data.", "572841772ca10214002da1a6": "21,000", "572841772ca10214002da1a7": "Last Glacial Maximum", "572841772ca10214002da1a8": "sediment deposits", "572841772ca10214002da1a9": "reduced moist tropical vegetation cover", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa779": "21,000 years", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77a": "sediment", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77b": "moist tropical", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77c": "open forest and grassland;", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77d": "data sampling is biased away from the center of the Amazon basin,", "5a0c6c78f5590b0018dab402": "", "5a0c6c78f5590b0018dab403": "", "5a0c6c78f5590b0018dab404": "", "5a0c6c78f5590b0018dab405": "rainforest", "5725c63438643c19005acc9f": "CALIPSO", "5725c63438643c19005acca0": "182 million tons", "5725c63438643c19005acca1": "1,600 miles", "5725c63438643c19005acca2": "Amazon basin,", "5725c63438643c19005acca3": "132 million tons", "5728455bff5b5019007da078": "NASA's CALIPSO satellite", "5728455bff5b5019007da079": "182 million tons", "5728455bff5b5019007da07a": "27.7 million tons", "5728455bff5b5019007da07b": "132 million tons", "5728455bff5b5019007da07c": "43 million tons", "5729ea263f37b319004785bd": "CALIPSO", "5729ea263f37b319004785be": "NASA", "5729ea263f37b319004785bf": "182 million tons", "5729ea263f37b319004785c0": "1,600 miles", "5729ea263f37b319004785c1": "27.7 million tons", "5a0c6d26f5590b0018dab40a": "", "5a0c6d26f5590b0018dab40b": "182 million tons", "5a0c6d26f5590b0018dab40c": "", "5a0c6d26f5590b0018dab40d": "", "5a0c6d26f5590b0018dab40e": "", "5725c95f38643c19005accf3": "Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise.", "5725c95f38643c19005accf4": "0.52/sq mi)", "5725c95f38643c19005accf5": "agriculture", "5725c95f38643c19005accf6": "anthropological", "5725c95f38643c19005accf7": "5 million", "572847dd4b864d19001648bc": "poor soil.", "572847dd4b864d19001648bd": "", "572847dd4b864d19001648be": "0.2", "572847dd4b864d19001648bf": "Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise. She claimed that a population density of 0.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (0.52/sq", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6c9": "Betty Meggers", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6ca": "Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise.", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cb": "0.2 inhabitants", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cc": "5 million", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cd": "200,000.", "5a0c77e3f5590b0018dab414": "", "5a0c77e3f5590b0018dab415": "", "5a0c77e3f5590b0018dab416": "", "5a0c77e3f5590b0018dab417": "", "5a0c77e3f5590b0018dab418": "", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed2": "Francisco de Orellana", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed3": "1540s.", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed4": "spread of diseases from Europe,", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed5": "between AD 0\u20131250,", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed6": "AD 0\u20131250,", "5729edd56aef051400155112": "Francisco de Orellana", "5729edd56aef051400155113": "1542.", "5729edd56aef051400155114": "AD 0\u20131250,", "5729edd56aef051400155115": "Ondemar Dias", "5729edd56aef051400155116": "11,000 years", "5a0c7b88f5590b0018dab41e": "", "5a0c7b88f5590b0018dab41f": "", "5a0c7b88f5590b0018dab420": "", "5a0c7b88f5590b0018dab421": "", "5a0c7b88f5590b0018dab422": "", "5725cf3238643c19005acd61": "(black earth),", "5725cf3238643c19005acd62": "large areas", "5725cf3238643c19005acd63": "agriculture and silviculture", "5725cf3238643c19005acd64": "Xingu", "5725cf3238643c19005acd65": "Michael Heckenberger and colleagues of the University of Florida.", "5729ef266aef05140015511c": "Terra preta", "5729ef266aef05140015511d": "agriculture and silviculture", "5729ef266aef05140015511e": "Xingu", "5729ef266aef05140015511f": "Michael Heckenberger and colleagues", "5729ef266aef051400155120": "roads, bridges and large plazas.", "5a0c7cb3f5590b0018dab428": "", "5a0c7cb3f5590b0018dab429": "", "5a0c7cb3f5590b0018dab42a": "", "5a0c7cb3f5590b0018dab42b": "", "5a0c7cb3f5590b0018dab42c": "", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61b": "2.5 million", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61c": "One in five", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61d": "40,000", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61e": "2,200", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61f": "between 96,660 and 128,843", "5729f0db6aef051400155126": "2.5 million", "5729f0db6aef051400155127": "2,000", "5729f0db6aef051400155128": "40,000", "5729f0db6aef051400155129": "378", "5729f0db6aef05140015512a": "One in five", "5a0c7d74f5590b0018dab432": "", "5a0c7d74f5590b0018dab433": "", "5a0c7d74f5590b0018dab434": "Brazil alone.", "5a0c7d74f5590b0018dab435": "378", "5726722bdd62a815002e8528": "", "5726722bdd62a815002e8529": "16,000", "5726722bdd62a815002e852a": "90,790 tonnes", "5726722bdd62a815002e852b": "356 \u00b1 47 tonnes per hectare.", "5726722bdd62a815002e852c": "438,000", "5729f2646aef051400155130": "the highest", "5729f2646aef051400155131": "more than 1,100", "5729f2646aef051400155132": "90,790", "5729f2646aef051400155133": "356 \u00b1 47 tonnes", "5729f2646aef051400155134": "438,000", "5a0c7edcf5590b0018dab43a": "", "5a0c7edcf5590b0018dab43b": "", "5a0c7edcf5590b0018dab43c": "", "5a0c7edcf5590b0018dab43d": "", "5a0c7edcf5590b0018dab43e": "", "5729f3831d0469140077967b": "electric eels", "5729f3831d0469140077967c": "black caiman,", "5729f3831d0469140077967d": "piranha", "5729f3831d0469140077967e": "lipophilic alkaloid toxins", "5729f3831d0469140077967f": "Vampire", "5a0c7fb2f5590b0018dab444": "", "5a0c7fb2f5590b0018dab445": "", "5a0c7fb2f5590b0018dab446": "", "5a0c7fb2f5590b0018dab447": "", "5a0c7fb2f5590b0018dab448": "", "5729fd56af94a219006aa72f": "Deforestation", "5729fd56af94a219006aa730": "the early 1960s,", "5729fd56af94a219006aa731": "slash and burn", "5729fd56af94a219006aa732": "loss of soil fertility and weed invasion.", "5729fd56af94a219006aa733": "areas cleared of forest", "5a0c807ff5590b0018dab44e": "", "5a0c807ff5590b0018dab44f": "", "5a0c807ff5590b0018dab450": "", "5a0c807ff5590b0018dab451": "", "5a0c807ff5590b0018dab452": "", "5729feaf6aef051400155188": "", "5729feaf6aef051400155189": "587,000", "5729feaf6aef05140015518a": "livestock pasture.", "5729feaf6aef05140015518b": "second-largest", "5729feaf6aef05140015518c": "Seventy percent", "5a0c817df5590b0018dab458": "", "5a0c817df5590b0018dab459": "", "5a0c817df5590b0018dab45a": "", "5a0c817df5590b0018dab45b": "", "572a005f1d046914007796b7": "soy", "572a005f1d046914007796b8": "increased settlement and deforestation.", "572a005f1d046914007796b9": "8,646", "572a005f1d046914007796ba": "18%", "572a005f1d046914007796bb": "declined significantly", "5a0c8ba8f5590b0018dab460": "", "5a0c8ba8f5590b0018dab461": "", "5a0c8ba8f5590b0018dab462": "2004 and 2014,", "5a0c8ba8f5590b0018dab463": "", "5a0c8ba8f5590b0018dab464": "", "572a020f6aef051400155198": "biodiversity", "572a020f6aef051400155199": "destruction of the forest,", "572a020f6aef05140015519a": "carbon", "572a020f6aef05140015519b": "1.1 \u00d7 1011 metric tonnes", "572a020f6aef05140015519c": "1.1 \u00d7 1011", "5a0c9275f5590b0018dab46a": "", "5a0c9275f5590b0018dab46b": "", "5a0c9275f5590b0018dab46c": "10%", "5a0c9275f5590b0018dab46d": "", "572a03a06aef0514001551aa": "severely reduced rainfall and increased temperatures,", "572a03a06aef0514001551ab": "greenhouse gas", "572a03a06aef0514001551ac": "2100.", "572a03a06aef0514001551ad": "though the 21st century", "572a03a06aef0514001551ae": "deforestation.", "5a0c93b9f5590b0018dab472": "", "5a0c93b9f5590b0018dab473": "", "5a0c93b9f5590b0018dab474": "21st century", "5a0c93b9f5590b0018dab475": "", "5a0c93b9f5590b0018dab476": "", "572a064a3f37b3190047865d": "indigenous", "572a064a3f37b3190047865e": "community-based", "572a064a3f37b3190047865f": "deforestation and ecocide,", "572a064a3f37b31900478660": "Urarina", "572a064a3f37b31900478661": "lowland South American peoples", "5a0c958bf5590b0018dab47c": "", "5a0c958bf5590b0018dab47d": "", "5a0c958bf5590b0018dab47e": "", "5a0c958bf5590b0018dab47f": "", "5a0c958bf5590b0018dab480": "", "572a07c11d046914007796d5": "remote sensing", "572a07c11d046914007796d6": "Trio Tribe,", "572a07c11d046914007796d7": "southern Suriname,", "572a07c11d046914007796d8": "map out their ancestral lands to help strengthen their territorial claims. Currently, most tribes in the Amazon do not have clearly defined boundaries, making it easier for commercial ventures to target their territories.", "572a07c11d046914007796d9": "to protect their tribal lands from commercial interests.", "5a0c96fbf5590b0018dab486": "", "5a0c96fbf5590b0018dab487": "", "5a0c96fbf5590b0018dab488": "", "5a0c96fbf5590b0018dab489": "", "5a0c96fbf5590b0018dab48a": "", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75b": "tree growth", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75c": "carbon related", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75d": "Tatiana Kuplich", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75e": "2006", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75f": "Synthetic aperture", "5a0c9832f5590b0018dab490": "", "5a0c9832f5590b0018dab491": "", "5a0c9832f5590b0018dab492": "Synthetic aperture", "5a0c9832f5590b0018dab493": "", "5a0c9832f5590b0018dab494": "", "572a0b101d046914007796e9": "2005", "572a0b101d046914007796ea": "Woods Hole Research Center", "572a0b101d046914007796eb": "Brazilian National Institute of Amazonian Research", "572a0b101d046914007796ec": "deforestation", "572a0b101d046914007796ed": "savanna or desert,", "5a0c98fef5590b0018dab49a": "2005", "5a0c98fef5590b0018dab49b": "", "5a0c98fef5590b0018dab49c": "\"tipping point\" where it would irreversibly start to die.", "5a0c98fef5590b0018dab49d": "", "5a0c98fef5590b0018dab49e": "", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa76f": "2010", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa770": "1,160,000", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa771": "three epicenters", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa772": "2010", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa773": "1.5 gigatons", "5a0c99fcf5590b0018dab4a4": "", "5a0c99fcf5590b0018dab4a5": "", "5a0c99fcf5590b0018dab4a6": "", "5a0c99fcf5590b0018dab4a7": "", "5a0c99fcf5590b0018dab4a8": "", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf2": "animals", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf3": "groups of cilia", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf4": "water flow through the body cavity", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf5": "1.5 m (4 ft 11 in)", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf6": "\u2018combs\u2019", "57263eaa38643c19005ad371": "comb jellies)", "57263eaa38643c19005ad372": "1.5 m (4 ft 11 in)", "57263eaa38643c19005ad373": "water flow through the body cavity", "57263eaa38643c19005ad374": "comb", "57263eaa38643c19005ad375": "marine waters worldwide.", "5a8349a2e60761001a2eb509": "", "5a8349a2e60761001a2eb50a": "", "5a8349a2e60761001a2eb50b": "swimming", "5a8349a2e60761001a2eb50c": "separate phyla.", "5a8349a2e60761001a2eb50d": "", "5725c337271a42140099d163": "100\u2013150", "5725c337271a42140099d164": "tentilla", "5725c337271a42140099d165": "ten times their own weight", "5725c337271a42140099d166": "tentacles", "5725c337271a42140099d167": "groups of large, stiffened cilia", "5726400589a1e219009ac5ee": "ten times their own weight", "5726400589a1e219009ac5ef": "(\"little tentacles\")", "5726400589a1e219009ac5f0": "groups of large, stiffened cilia", "5726400589a1e219009ac5f1": "colloblasts, sticky cells", "5726400589a1e219009ac5f2": "100\u2013150 species", "5a834af4e60761001a2eb51b": "", "5a834af4e60761001a2eb51c": "", "5a834af4e60761001a2eb51d": "", "5a834af5e60761001a2eb51e": "", "5a834af5e60761001a2eb51f": "", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5e": "single animal can produce both eggs and sperm,", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5f": "produce both eggs and sperm at the same time.", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe60": "sequential", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe61": "platyctenids'", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe62": "", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd1": "hermaphrodites\u2014a single animal can produce both eggs and sperm,", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd2": "can produce both eggs and sperm at the same time.", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd3": "the eggs and sperm mature at different times.", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd4": "platyctenids'", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd5": "beroids,", "5a834caae60761001a2eb539": "", "5a834caae60761001a2eb53a": "", "5a834caae60761001a2eb53b": "sink to the bottom and rapidly metamorphose into the adult form.", "5a834caae60761001a2eb53c": "reproduction", "5a834caae60761001a2eb53d": "explosive rate.", "5725c69738643c19005accb9": "other ctenophores.", "5725c69738643c19005accba": "Mnemiopsis,", "5725c69738643c19005accbb": "fish larvae and organisms that would otherwise have fed the fish.", "5725c69738643c19005accbc": "bays", "5726431d271a42140099d7f5": "some coastal locations,", "5726431d271a42140099d7f6": "(planktonic plants),", "5726431d271a42140099d7f7": "Mnemiopsis,", "5726431d271a42140099d7f8": "fish stocks to collapse", "5726431d271a42140099d7f9": "accidental introduction of Beroe", "5a834dbde60761001a2eb555": "", "5a834dbde60761001a2eb556": "", "5a834dbde60761001a2eb557": "", "5a834dbde60761001a2eb558": "", "5a834dbde60761001a2eb559": "", "5725c91e38643c19005acceb": "66 million years ago. Evidence accumulating since the 1980s indicates that the \"cydippids\" are not monophyletic, in other words do not include all and only the descendants of a single common ancestor, because all the other traditional ctenophore groups are descendants of various cydippids.", "5725c91e38643c19005accec": "monophyletic,", "5725c91e38643c19005acced": "515 million years ago.", "5725c91e38643c19005accee": "tentacles", "5726449f1125e71900ae1928": "515 million years ago.", "5726449f1125e71900ae1929": "Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction", "5726449f1125e71900ae192a": "monophyletic,", "5726449f1125e71900ae192b": "", "5a8352ebe60761001a2eb57d": "early Cambrian,", "5a8352ebe60761001a2eb57e": "", "5a8352ebe60761001a2eb57f": "", "5a8352ebe60761001a2eb580": "", "5a8352ebe60761001a2eb581": "", "5725cb33271a42140099d1db": "cnidarians", "5725cb33271a42140099d1dc": "colloblasts,", "5725cb33271a42140099d1dd": "bilaterians", "5725cb33271a42140099d1de": "Ctenophores", "5725cb33271a42140099d1df": "colloblasts,", "572646655951b619008f6ebf": "cnidarians", "572646655951b619008f6ec0": "colloblasts,", "572646655951b619008f6ec1": "colloblasts,", "572646655951b619008f6ec2": "ctenophores and cnidarians", "572646655951b619008f6ec3": "bilaterians", "5a835482e60761001a2eb597": "", "5a835482e60761001a2eb598": "", "5a835482e60761001a2eb599": "", "5a835482e60761001a2eb59a": "", "5a835482e60761001a2eb59b": "", "572647d0708984140094c14b": "mesoglea", "572647d0708984140094c14c": "diploblastic,", "572647d0708984140094c14d": "ctenophores", "572647d0708984140094c14e": "sponges.", "5a835778e60761001a2eb5d9": "", "5a835778e60761001a2eb5da": "", "5a835778e60761001a2eb5db": "", "5a835778e60761001a2eb5dc": "", "5a835778e60761001a2eb5dd": "three main cell layers", "572648e8dd62a815002e8076": "cilia", "572648e8dd62a815002e8077": "(\"hairs\")", "572648e8dd62a815002e8078": "\"ctenes,\"", "572648e8dd62a815002e8079": "comb-bearing", "5a8359c1e60761001a2eb5f3": "", "5a8359c1e60761001a2eb5f4": "", "5a8359c1e60761001a2eb5f5": "", "5a8359c1e60761001a2eb5f6": "", "5a8359c1e60761001a2eb5f7": "", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db40": "Pleurobrachia.", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db41": "oceanic species", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db42": "withstand waves and swirling sediment particles,", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db43": "Pleurobrachia, Beroe and Mnemiopsis.", "5a835b42e60761001a2eb60d": "swirling", "5a835b42e60761001a2eb60e": "", "5a835b42e60761001a2eb60f": "", "5a835b42e60761001a2eb610": "", "5a835b42e60761001a2eb611": "", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a0": "", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a1": "bioluminescence.", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a2": "pharynx", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a3": "a mouth that can usually be closed by muscles; a pharynx (\"throat\"); a wider area in the center that acts as a stomach; and a system of internal canals.", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a4": "the mouth and pharynx;", "5a836273e60761001a2eb63f": "", "5a836273e60761001a2eb640": "", "5a836273e60761001a2eb641": "", "5a836273e60761001a2eb642": "", "5a836273e60761001a2eb643": "", "57264cfa708984140094c1c3": "swimming-plates,", "57264cfa708984140094c1c4": "\"ctenes\" or \"comb plates\")", "57264cfa708984140094c1c5": "supporting function.", "57264cfa708984140094c1c6": "the direction in which the mouth is pointing,", "57264cfa708984140094c1c7": "2 millimeters (0.079 in).", "5a836496e60761001a2eb657": "", "5a836496e60761001a2eb658": "", "5a836496e60761001a2eb659": "", "5a836496e60761001a2eb65a": "", "5a836496e60761001a2eb65b": "", "57264e66dd62a815002e811a": "rely on osmotic pressure to adapt to water of different densities.", "57264e66dd62a815002e811b": "the mesoglea", "57264e66dd62a815002e811c": "to increase its bulk and decrease its density,", "57264e66dd62a815002e811d": "", "5a837038e60761001a2eb6f3": "", "5a837038e60761001a2eb6f4": "", "5a837038e60761001a2eb6f5": "", "5a837038e60761001a2eb6f6": "", "5a837038e60761001a2eb6f7": "to avoid sinking.", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5e": "aboral organ", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5f": "(at the opposite end from the mouth).", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc60": "a transparent dome made of long, immobile cilia.", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc61": "a statocyst,", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc62": "a balance sensor", "5a8371dfe60761001a2eb725": "", "5a8371dfe60761001a2eb726": "", "5a8371dfe60761001a2eb727": "", "5a8371dfe60761001a2eb728": "", "5a8371dfe60761001a2eb729": "\"mood\",", "57265746dd62a815002e8218": "\"sea gooseberry,\"", "57265746dd62a815002e8219": "a pair of long, slender tentacles,", "57265746dd62a815002e821a": "rounded", "57265746dd62a815002e821b": "a sheath", "57265746dd62a815002e821c": "at the narrow end,", "5a8373a7e60761001a2eb72f": "", "5a8373a7e60761001a2eb730": "", "5a8373a7e60761001a2eb731": "", "5a8373a7e60761001a2eb732": "", "5a8373a7e60761001a2eb733": "", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcac": "tentilla", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcad": "specialized mushroom-shaped cells in the outer layer of the epidermis,", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcae": "striated muscle,", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcaf": "three types", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcb0": "capturing prey:", "5a837549e60761001a2eb739": "", "5a837549e60761001a2eb73a": "", "5a837549e60761001a2eb73b": "", "5a837549e60761001a2eb73c": "vesicles (chambers) that contain adhesive;", "5a837549e60761001a2eb73d": "", "572659ea5951b619008f7051": "eight", "572659ea5951b619008f7052": "near the mouth to the opposite end,", "572659ea5951b619008f7053": "evenly", "572659ea5951b619008f7054": "ciliary groove", "5a838553e60761001a2eb759": "", "5a838553e60761001a2eb75a": "", "5a838553e60761001a2eb75b": "", "5a838553e60761001a2eb75c": "", "5a838553e60761001a2eb75d": "", "57265aaf5951b619008f706b": "lobes,", "57265aaf5951b619008f706c": "gelatinous projections edged with cilia", "57265aaf5951b619008f706d": "four", "57265aaf5951b619008f706e": "produce water currents that help direct microscopic prey toward the mouth.", "57265aaf5951b619008f706f": "suspended planktonic prey.", "5a838676e60761001a2eb763": "", "5a838676e60761001a2eb764": "", "5a838676e60761001a2eb765": "", "5a838676e60761001a2eb766": "", "5a838676e60761001a2eb767": "", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd36": "clapping their lobes,", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd37": "jet of expelled water drives them backwards very quickly.", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd38": "nerves", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd39": "", "5a83878de60761001a2eb777": "", "5a83878de60761001a2eb778": "", "5a83878de60761001a2eb779": "", "5a83878de60761001a2eb77a": "", "5a83878de60761001a2eb77b": "", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd50": "Nuda,", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd51": "Beroida,", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd52": "\"zip\" the mouth shut", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd53": "tight closure streamlines the front of the animal", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd54": "\"macrocilia\"", "5a83894de60761001a2eb789": "", "5a83894de60761001a2eb78a": "", "5a83894de60761001a2eb78b": "", "5a83894de60761001a2eb78c": "", "5a83894de60761001a2eb78d": "", "57265e97708984140094c3c3": "Cestida", "57265e97708984140094c3c4": "(\"belt animals\")", "57265e97708984140094c3c5": "by undulating their bodies as well as by the beating of their comb-rows.", "57265e97708984140094c3c6": "", "57265e97708984140094c3c7": "Velamen parallelum,", "5a838a2ee60761001a2eb793": "", "5a838a2ee60761001a2eb794": "", "5a838a2ee60761001a2eb795": "", "5a838a2ee60761001a2eb796": "", "5a838a2ee60761001a2eb797": "", "572681c1dd62a815002e8796": "tentacles", "572681c1dd62a815002e8797": "cling to and creep on surfaces", "572681c1dd62a815002e8798": "comb-rows", "572681c1dd62a815002e8799": "rocks, algae, or the body surfaces of other invertebrates,", "5a838b42e60761001a2eb7a7": "", "5a838b42e60761001a2eb7a8": "", "5a838b42e60761001a2eb7a9": "", "5a838b42e60761001a2eb7aa": "", "5a838b42e60761001a2eb7ab": "", "572683075951b619008f7513": "via pores in the epidermis.", "572683075951b619008f7514": "internal fertilization", "572683075951b619008f7515": "Mnemiopsis,", "572683075951b619008f7516": "in the parts of the internal canal network under the comb rows,", "572683075951b619008f7517": "external", "5a838db9e60761001a2eb7b9": "", "5a838db9e60761001a2eb7ba": "", "5a838db9e60761001a2eb7bb": "", "5a838db9e60761001a2eb7bc": "", "5a838db9e60761001a2eb7bd": "", "572684365951b619008f753f": "tentacles and tentacle sheaths.", "572684365951b619008f7540": "among the plankton", "572684365951b619008f7541": "after dropping to the sea-floor.", "572684365951b619008f7542": "true larvae,", "572684365951b619008f7543": "Beroe", "5a838f74e60761001a2eb7cf": "direct", "5a838f74e60761001a2eb7d0": "", "5a838f74e60761001a2eb7d1": "adults,", "5a838f74e60761001a2eb7d2": "", "5a838f74e60761001a2eb7d3": "", "572686fc708984140094c8e5": "When some species, including Bathyctena chuni, Euplokamis stationis and Eurhamphaea vexilligera, are disturbed,", "572686fc708984140094c8e6": "When some species, including Bathyctena chuni, Euplokamis stationis and Eurhamphaea vexilligera, are disturbed,", "572686fc708984140094c8e7": "ink", "572686fc708984140094c8e8": "Juveniles", "5a8391c7e60761001a2eb7d9": "", "5a8391c7e60761001a2eb7da": "", "5a8391c7e60761001a2eb7db": "", "5a8391c7e60761001a2eb7dc": "", "5a8391c7e60761001a2eb7dd": "", "5726887e708984140094c917": "predators", "5726887e708984140094c918": "jellyfish", "5726887e708984140094c919": "incorporate their prey's nematocysts (stinging cells) into their own tentacles", "5726887e708984140094c91a": "smaller, weaker swimmers", "5726887e708984140094c91b": "Lampea", "5a839654e60761001a2eb7f1": "", "5a839654e60761001a2eb7f2": "", "5a839654e60761001a2eb7f3": "", "5a839654e60761001a2eb7f4": "", "5a839654e60761001a2eb7f5": "", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33c": "low ratio of organic matter to salt and water", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33d": "chum salmon,", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33e": "other ctenophores.", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33f": "Red Sea.", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e340": "ctenophores,", "5a8397d0e60761001a2eb7fb": "", "5a8397d0e60761001a2eb7fc": "", "5a8397d0e60761001a2eb7fd": "", "5a8397d0e60761001a2eb7fe": "", "5a8397d0e60761001a2eb7ff": "", "57268c01dd62a815002e8912": "Western Atlantic ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi", "57268c01dd62a815002e8913": "via the ballast tanks of ships,", "57268c01dd62a815002e8914": "late 1980s", "57268c01dd62a815002e8915": "accidental introduction of the Mnemiopsis-eating North American ctenophore Beroe ovata,", "57268c01dd62a815002e8916": "significantly slowed the animal's metabolism.", "5a8398bbe60761001a2eb805": "", "5a8398bbe60761001a2eb806": "", "5a8398bbe60761001a2eb807": "", "5a8398bbe60761001a2eb808": "", "5a8398bbe60761001a2eb809": "", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39c": "their soft, gelatinous bodies,", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39d": "a comb jelly.", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39e": "mid-Cambrian", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39f": "", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e3a0": "tentacles", "5a839ccfe60761001a2eb81f": "", "5a839ccfe60761001a2eb820": "", "5a839ccfe60761001a2eb821": "", "5a839ccfe60761001a2eb822": "", "5a839ccfe60761001a2eb823": "", "57268f05dd62a815002e8990": "515 million years", "57268f05dd62a815002e8991": "early Cambrian sessile frond-like", "57268f05dd62a815002e8992": "Stromatoveris,", "57268f05dd62a815002e8993": "Vendobionta", "57268f05dd62a815002e8994": "Ediacaran", "5a83a59be60761001a2eb84b": "", "5a83a59be60761001a2eb84c": "", "5a83a59be60761001a2eb84d": "", "5a83a59be60761001a2eb84e": "", "5a83a59be60761001a2eb84f": "", "57269016708984140094ca41": "all other animals.", "57269016708984140094ca42": "Porifera", "5a83a80ae60761001a2eb855": "", "5a83a80ae60761001a2eb856": "", "5a83a80ae60761001a2eb857": "", "5a83a80ae60761001a2eb858": "", "5a83a80ae60761001a2eb859": "", "572691bedd62a815002e89dc": "beroids", "572691bedd62a815002e89dd": "monophyletic", "572691bedd62a815002e89de": "65.5 million years ago", "572691bedd62a815002e89df": "Richard Harbison's", "5a83acb4e60761001a2eb85f": "", "5a83acb4e60761001a2eb860": "", "5a83acb4e60761001a2eb861": "", "5a83acb4e60761001a2eb862": "", "5a83acb4e60761001a2eb863": "", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4d": "Fresno", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4e": "220 miles", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4f": "\"ash tree\"", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd50": "an ash leaf", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd51": "(/\u02c8fr\u025bzno\u028a/ FREZ-noh),", "5a7b054521c2de001afe9cce": "", "5a7b054521c2de001afe9ccf": "", "5a7b054521c2de001afe9cd0": "", "5a7b054521c2de001afe9cd1": "", "5a7b054521c2de001afe9cd2": "", "5725cfd0271a42140099d225": "1872,", "5725cfd0271a42140099d226": "drawn by the convenience of the railroad and worried about flooding,", "5725cfd0271a42140099d227": "1885.", "5725cfd0271a42140099d228": "47", "5725cfd0271a42140099d229": "a store", "5a7b05cd21c2de001afe9cd8": "", "5a7b05cd21c2de001afe9cd9": "", "5a7b05cd21c2de001afe9cda": "", "5a7b05cd21c2de001afe9cdb": "1931", "5a7b05cd21c2de001afe9cdc": "", "5725d183271a42140099d23d": "2.7", "5725d183271a42140099d23e": "Chinatown.", "5725d183271a42140099d23f": "Pinedale,", "5725d183271a42140099d240": "an interim facility for the relocation of Fresno area Japanese Americans to internment camps.", "5725d183271a42140099d241": "an assembly center.", "5a7b064b21c2de001afe9ce2": "", "5a7b064b21c2de001afe9ce3": "", "5a7b064b21c2de001afe9ce4": "", "5a7b064b21c2de001afe9ce5": "", "5a7b064b21c2de001afe9ce6": "", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d639": "BankAmericard", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63a": "BankAmericard", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63b": "revolve a balance", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63c": "1976", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63d": "Visa Inc.", "5a7b070121c2de001afe9cec": "", "5a7b070121c2de001afe9ced": "Bank of America", "5a7b070121c2de001afe9cee": "", "5a7b070121c2de001afe9cef": "", "5a7b070121c2de001afe9cf0": "", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf58": "", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf59": "Bob Gallion", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5a": "Madera", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5b": "The Fresno Barn.", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5c": "Lupe Mayorga,", "5a7b079b21c2de001afe9cf6": "", "5a7b079b21c2de001afe9cf7": "", "5a7b079b21c2de001afe9cf8": "Bob Gallion", "5a7b079b21c2de001afe9cf9": "", "5a7b079b21c2de001afe9cfa": "", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d687": "three", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d688": "Roeding Park,", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d689": "Kearney Park", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68a": "Shinzen Japanese Gardens,", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68b": "Kearney Park", "5a7b086921c2de001afe9d00": "", "5a7b086921c2de001afe9d01": "", "5a7b086921c2de001afe9d02": "", "5a7b086921c2de001afe9d03": "", "5a7b086921c2de001afe9d04": "", "5725d7e438643c19005acdf9": "Between the 1880s and World War II,", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfa": "the original Fresno County Courthouse (demolished), the Fresno Carnegie Public Library", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfb": "San Joaquin Light & Power Building", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfc": "Hughes Hotel", "5a7b093b21c2de001afe9d0a": "Between the 1880s and World War II,", "5a7b093b21c2de001afe9d0b": "", "5a7b093b21c2de001afe9d0c": "", "5a7b093b21c2de001afe9d0d": "", "5a7b093b21c2de001afe9d0e": "San Joaquin Light & Power Building", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b3": "1964", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b4": "Fulton Mall,", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b5": "Pierre-Auguste Renoir", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b6": "near their current locations", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b7": "wide sidewalks", "5a7b0e2221c2de001afe9d14": "", "5a7b0e2221c2de001afe9d15": "the only Pierre-Auguste Renoir piece in the world that one can walk up to and touch.", "5a7b0e2221c2de001afe9d16": "", "5a7b0e2221c2de001afe9d17": "", "5a7b0e2221c2de001afe9d18": "east", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c5": "far southeast side,", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c6": "Kings Canyon Avenue and Clovis Avenue.", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c7": "1950s through the 1970s,", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c8": "Sunnyside", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c9": "William P. Bell.", "5a7b0ec521c2de001afe9d1e": "", "5a7b0ec521c2de001afe9d1f": "", "5a7b0ec521c2de001afe9d20": "Chestnut Avenue", "5a7b0ec521c2de001afe9d21": "Fresno's", "5a7b0ec521c2de001afe9d22": "", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfea": "Tower Theatre,", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfeb": "1939", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfec": "water tower", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfed": "Fresno Normal School,", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfee": "one-half mile", "5a7b0fae21c2de001afe9d28": "", "5a7b0fae21c2de001afe9d29": "", "5a7b0fae21c2de001afe9d2a": "", "5a7b0fae21c2de001afe9d2b": "", "5a7b0fae21c2de001afe9d2c": "", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d7": "1970s,", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d8": "second and third run movies,", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d9": "1978", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2da": "Fresno", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2db": "Evita and The Wiz", "5a7b103b21c2de001afe9d32": "", "5a7b103b21c2de001afe9d33": "", "5a7b103b21c2de001afe9d34": "", "5a7b103b21c2de001afe9d35": "", "5a7b103b21c2de001afe9d36": "", "5725e45689a1e219009ac048": "live", "5725e45689a1e219009ac049": "within a few hundred feet", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04a": "the Tower District", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04b": "Tower District", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04c": "Tower District", "5a7b10e021c2de001afe9d3c": "", "5a7b10e021c2de001afe9d3d": "", "5a7b10e021c2de001afe9d3e": "", "5a7b10e021c2de001afe9d3f": "", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d733": "early twentieth century homes,", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d734": "Storybook houses", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d735": "contrasts", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d736": "recent decades.", "5a7b11bb21c2de001afe9d44": "", "5a7b11bb21c2de001afe9d45": "", "5a7b11bb21c2de001afe9d46": "", "5a7b11bb21c2de001afe9d47": "", "5a7b11bb21c2de001afe9d48": "", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0ae": "Huntington Boulevard", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0af": "William Stranahan", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b0": "1914", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b1": "267", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b2": "Fresno Traction Company", "5a7b12a421c2de001afe9d4e": "", "5a7b12a421c2de001afe9d4f": "", "5a7b12a421c2de001afe9d50": "", "5a7b12a421c2de001afe9d51": "", "5a7b12a421c2de001afe9d52": "", "5725edfe38643c19005ace9f": "\"Southwest Fresno\",", "5725edfe38643c19005acea0": "southwest", "5725edfe38643c19005acea1": "African-American", "5725edfe38643c19005acea2": "Hmong or Laotian)", "5725edfe38643c19005acea3": "The \"West Side\"", "5a7b325021c2de001afe9da8": "41 freeway", "5a7b325021c2de001afe9da9": "99 freeway", "5a7b325021c2de001afe9daa": "", "5a7b325021c2de001afe9dab": "", "5a7b325021c2de001afe9dac": "", "5725f00938643c19005aced7": "M. Theo Kearney,", "5725f00938643c19005aced8": "palm trees.", "5725f00938643c19005aced9": "Fresno Street and Thorne Ave", "5725f00938643c19005aceda": "Brookhaven,", "5725f00938643c19005acedb": "\"Dogg Pound\"", "5a7b32e621c2de001afe9db2": "", "5a7b32e621c2de001afe9db3": "", "5a7b32e621c2de001afe9db4": "", "5a7b32e621c2de001afe9db5": "", "5a7b32e621c2de001afe9db6": "", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d76f": "between the 1960s and 1990s", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d770": "Fresno and B streets,", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d771": "Cargill Meat Solutions and Foster Farms", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d772": "West Side.", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d773": "very little", "5a7b33b821c2de001afe9dbc": "", "5a7b33b821c2de001afe9dbd": "", "5a7b33b821c2de001afe9dbe": "", "5a7b33b821c2de001afe9dbf": "", "5a7b33b821c2de001afe9dc0": "", "5725f2c838643c19005aceed": "Ralph Woodward,", "5725f2c838643c19005aceee": "300", "5725f2c838643c19005aceef": "up to 2,500", "5725f2c838643c19005acef0": "22", "5725f2c838643c19005acef1": "April through October,", "5a7b34fa21c2de001afe9dc6": "", "5a7b34fa21c2de001afe9dc7": "", "5a7b34fa21c2de001afe9dc8": "", "5a7b34fa21c2de001afe9dc9": "", "5a7b34fa21c2de001afe9dca": "April through October, 6am to 10pm and November through March, 6am to 7pm.", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fa": "1946,", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fb": "William Smilie", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fc": "Sierra Sky Park", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fd": "automobiles", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fe": "there are now numerous such communities across the United States and around the world.", "5a7b359f21c2de001afe9dd0": "", "5a7b359f21c2de001afe9dd1": "", "5a7b359f21c2de001afe9dd2": "", "5a7b359f21c2de001afe9dd3": "", "5a7b359f21c2de001afe9dd4": "", "5725f5b1271a42140099d371": "hot and dry", "5725f5b1271a42140099d372": "July", "5725f5b1271a42140099d373": "11.5 inches", "5725f5b1271a42140099d374": "northwest,", "5725f5b1271a42140099d375": "December, January and February", "5a7b37ce21c2de001afe9dda": "", "5a7b37ce21c2de001afe9ddb": "", "5a7b37ce21c2de001afe9ddc": "", "5a7b37ce21c2de001afe9ddd": "", "5a7b37ce21c2de001afe9dde": "", "5725f6e138643c19005acf19": "115 \u00b0F (46.1 \u00b0C),", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1a": "January 6, 1913.", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1b": "1885", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1c": "2.2 inches", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1d": "3.55 inches", "5a7b3b3121c2de001afe9dee": "", "5a7b3b3121c2de001afe9def": "", "5a7b3b3121c2de001afe9df0": "", "5a7b3b3121c2de001afe9df1": "", "5a7b3b3121c2de001afe9df2": "", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf23": "494,665", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf24": "(49.6%)", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf25": "8,525", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf26": "30.0%", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf27": "4,404.5", "5a7b3dd921c2de001afe9df8": "", "5a7b3dd921c2de001afe9df9": "", "5a7b3dd921c2de001afe9dfa": "", "5a7b3dd921c2de001afe9dfb": "", "5a7b3dd921c2de001afe9dfc": "", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b1": "68,511", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b2": "(19.3%)", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b3": "1,388", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b4": "3.62", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b5": "3.62", "5a7b3f0f21c2de001afe9e02": "", "5a7b3f0f21c2de001afe9e03": "", "5a7b3f0f21c2de001afe9e04": "", "5a7b3f0f21c2de001afe9e05": "12,843", "5a7b3f0f21c2de001afe9e06": "", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac128": "427,652", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac129": "149,025", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12a": "8.4%", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12b": "a third", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12c": "4,097.9 people per square mile", "5a7b402121c2de001afe9e0c": "", "5a7b402121c2de001afe9e0d": "97,915", "5a7b402121c2de001afe9e0e": "39.9%", "5a7b402121c2de001afe9e0f": "a third", "5a7b402121c2de001afe9e10": "a third", "5725fb8138643c19005acf3f": "To avoid interference with existing VHF television stations in the San Francisco Bay Area", "5725fb8138643c19005acf40": "KMJ-TV,", "5725fb8138643c19005acf41": "June 1, 1953.", "5725fb8138643c19005acf42": "KSEE.", "5725fb8138643c19005acf43": "KGPE,", "5a7b409721c2de001afe9e16": "", "5a7b409721c2de001afe9e17": "", "5a7b409721c2de001afe9e18": "", "5a7b409721c2de001afe9e19": "", "5a7b409721c2de001afe9e1a": "KMPH,", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ad": "State Route 99,", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ae": "the Sierra Freeway,", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3af": "State Route 41", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3b0": "west", "5a7b44ae21c2de001afe9e20": "", "5a7b44ae21c2de001afe9e21": "", "5a7b44ae21c2de001afe9e22": "", "5a7b44ae21c2de001afe9e23": "", "5a7b44ae21c2de001afe9e24": "", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7dd": "Fresno", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7de": "1950s,", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7df": "State Route 99.", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7e0": "rapidly raising population and traffic in cities along SR 99, as well as the desirability of Federal funding,", "5a7b456121c2de001afe9e2a": "", "5a7b456121c2de001afe9e2b": "", "5a7b456121c2de001afe9e2c": "", "5a7b456121c2de001afe9e2d": "", "5a7b456121c2de001afe9e2e": "", "5725ff8238643c19005acf49": "Amtrak San Joaquins.", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4a": "Downtown Fresno.", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4b": "Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway and Union Pacific Railroad", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4c": "San Joaquin Valley Railroad", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4d": "Fresno", "5a7b485921c2de001afe9e52": "", "5a7b485921c2de001afe9e53": "former Southern Pacific branchlines", "5a7b485921c2de001afe9e54": "", "5a7b485921c2de001afe9e55": "", "5a7b485921c2de001afe9e56": "", "5725d34089a1e219009abf50": "Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", "5725d34089a1e219009abf51": "to provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages", "5725d34089a1e219009abf52": "This concept contrasted and contradicted the theretofore established principles of pre-allocation of network bandwidth,", "5725d34089a1e219009abf53": "Davies is credited with coining the modern name packet switching and inspiring numerous packet switching networks in Europe in the decade following,", "572632ceec44d21400f3dc2f": "Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", "572632ceec44d21400f3dc30": "to provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages", "572632ceec44d21400f3dc31": "Donald Davies", "5a5504e1134fea001a0e17f8": "Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", "5a5504e1134fea001a0e17f9": "provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages", "5a5504e1134fea001a0e17fa": "", "5a5504e1134fea001a0e17fb": "packet switching", "5a5504e1134fea001a0e17fc": "telecommunications", "5a5645196349e2001acdccfc": "", "5a5645196349e2001acdccfd": "", "5a5645196349e2001acdccfe": "", "5a5645196349e2001acdccff": "", "5a5645196349e2001acdcd00": "Donald Davies", "5a605197eae51e001ab14d0b": "", "5a605197eae51e001ab14d0c": "", "5a605197eae51e001ab14d0d": "", "5a605197eae51e001ab14d0e": "This concept contrasted and contradicted the theretofore established principles of pre-allocation of network bandwidth,", "5a605197eae51e001ab14d0f": "This concept contrasted and contradicted the theretofore established principles of pre-allocation of network bandwidth,", "5a667457846392001a1e1c2d": "", "5a667457846392001a1e1c2e": "", "5a667457846392001a1e1c2f": "", "5a667457846392001a1e1c30": "", "5a667457846392001a1e1c31": "development of telecommunications in the Bell System.", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf78": "circuit switching,", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf79": "circuit switching is characterized by a fee per unit of connection time,", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf7a": "packet switching may be characterized by a fee per unit of information transmitted,", "572634a789a1e219009ac56c": "circuit switching, a method which pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session,", "572634a789a1e219009ac56d": "", "572634a789a1e219009ac56e": "circuit switching is characterized by a fee per unit of connection time,", "572634a789a1e219009ac56f": "fee per unit of information transmitted,", "5a55068b134fea001a0e180c": "a method which pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session,", "5a55068b134fea001a0e180d": "", "5a55068b134fea001a0e180e": "fee per unit of information transmitted,", "5a55068b134fea001a0e180f": "", "5a55068b134fea001a0e1810": "", "5a56496b6349e2001acdcd06": "fee per unit of information transmitted,", "5a56496b6349e2001acdcd07": "", "5a56496b6349e2001acdcd08": "", "5a56496b6349e2001acdcd09": "", "5a56496b6349e2001acdcd0a": "", "5a60556eeae51e001ab14d15": "fee per unit of information transmitted,", "5a60556eeae51e001ab14d16": "", "5a60556eeae51e001ab14d17": "", "5a60556eeae51e001ab14d18": "billable services,", "5a667761846392001a1e1c37": "", "5a667761846392001a1e1c38": "", "5a667761846392001a1e1c39": "", "5a667761846392001a1e1c3a": "", "5726219489a1e219009ac2d0": "according to a multiple access scheme.", "5726356938643c19005ad2ff": "with or without intermediate forwarding nodes", "5726356938643c19005ad300": "by intermediate network nodes asynchronously using first-in, first-out buffering,", "5726356938643c19005ad301": "according to a multiple access scheme.", "5a5507df134fea001a0e181e": "Packet mode", "5a5507df134fea001a0e181f": "", "5a5507df134fea001a0e1820": "shared physical", "5a5507df134fea001a0e1821": "(packet switches or routers).", "5a5507df134fea001a0e1822": "", "5a564b1e6349e2001acdcd10": "", "5a564b1e6349e2001acdcd11": "", "5a564b1e6349e2001acdcd12": "", "5a564b1e6349e2001acdcd13": "", "5a564b1e6349e2001acdcd14": "", "5a6057f0eae51e001ab14d1d": "", "5a6057f0eae51e001ab14d1e": "may be forwarded according to some scheduling discipline for fair queuing, traffic shaping, or for differentiated or guaranteed quality of service,", "5a6057f0eae51e001ab14d1f": "", "5a6057f0eae51e001ab14d20": "scheduling discipline for fair queuing, traffic shaping, or for differentiated or guaranteed quality of service,", "5a6057f0eae51e001ab14d21": "shared physical medium", "5a66797c846392001a1e1c49": "", "5a66797c846392001a1e1c4a": "first-in, first-out buffering,", "5a66797c846392001a1e1c4b": "", "5a66797c846392001a1e1c4c": "", "5a66797c846392001a1e1c4d": "", "5726249538643c19005ad07f": "the concept of distributed adaptive message block switching", "5726249538643c19005ad080": "the concept of distributed adaptive message block switching during his research at the RAND Corporation", "5726249538643c19005ad081": "use of a decentralized network with multiple paths between any two points, dividing user messages into message blocks, later called packets, and delivery of these messages by store and forward switching.", "5726249538643c19005ad082": "by store and forward switching.", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc49": "distributed adaptive message block switching", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4a": "Report P-2626 described a general architecture for a large-scale, distributed, survivable communications network.", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4b": "use of a decentralized network with multiple paths between any two points,", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4c": "", "5a5508f5134fea001a0e1828": "", "5a5508f5134fea001a0e1829": "", "5a5508f5134fea001a0e182a": "three", "5a5508f5134fea001a0e182b": "", "5a5508f5134fea001a0e182c": "", "5a564c956349e2001acdcd1a": "Baran", "5a564c956349e2001acdcd1b": "", "5a564c956349e2001acdcd1c": "survivable communications networks,", "5a564c956349e2001acdcd1d": "", "5a564c956349e2001acdcd1e": "", "5a6059ace9e1cc001a33cd34": "Baran developed the concept of distributed adaptive message block switching during his research at the RAND Corporation for the US Air Force", "5a6059ace9e1cc001a33cd35": "", "5a6059ace9e1cc001a33cd36": "", "5a6059ace9e1cc001a33cd37": "", "5a6059ace9e1cc001a33cd38": "", "5a667dae846392001a1e1c53": "", "5a667dae846392001a1e1c54": "", "5a667dae846392001a1e1c55": "", "5a667dae846392001a1e1c56": "distributed adaptive message block switching", "5a667dae846392001a1e1c57": "", "572629c6271a42140099d6a3": "Donald Davies at the National Physical Laboratory, UK, independently developed the same message routing methodology as developed by Baran.", "572629c6271a42140099d6a4": "packet switching,", "572629c6271a42140099d6a5": "proposed to build a nationwide network in the UK.", "572629c6271a42140099d6a6": "suggested it for use in the ARPANET.", "5726378238643c19005ad313": "Donald Davies", "5726378238643c19005ad314": "packet switching,", "5726378238643c19005ad315": "suggested it for use in the ARPANET.", "5a5509e8134fea001a0e183a": "", "5a5509e8134fea001a0e183c": "", "5a5509e8134fea001a0e183d": "", "5a5509e8134fea001a0e183e": "", "5a605b5ee9e1cc001a33cd3e": "independently developed the same message routing methodology as developed by Baran. He called it packet switching, a more accessible name than Baran's, and proposed to build a nationwide network in the UK.", "5a605b5ee9e1cc001a33cd3f": "met Lawrence Roberts at the 1967 ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles and suggested it for use in the ARPANET.", "5a605b5ee9e1cc001a33cd40": "", "5a605b5ee9e1cc001a33cd41": "suggested it for use in the ARPANET.", "5a605b5ee9e1cc001a33cd42": "", "5a667f50846392001a1e1c67": "", "5a667f50846392001a1e1c68": "", "5a667f50846392001a1e1c69": "", "5a667f50846392001a1e1c6a": "", "5a667f50846392001a1e1c6b": "", "5726385e271a42140099d797": "each packet includes complete addressing information.", "5726385e271a42140099d798": "The packets are routed individually,", "5726385e271a42140099d799": "Each packet is labeled with a destination address, source address, and port numbers.", "5726385e271a42140099d79a": "the original message/data is reassembled in the correct order, based on the packet sequence number.", "5a550b52134fea001a0e1844": "", "5a550b52134fea001a0e1845": "", "5a550b52134fea001a0e1846": "different paths", "5a550b52134fea001a0e1847": "At the destination,", "5a550b52134fea001a0e1848": "virtual circuit", "5a605cdce9e1cc001a33cd48": "", "5a605cdce9e1cc001a33cd49": "based on the packet sequence number.", "5a605cdce9e1cc001a33cd4a": "", "5a605cdce9e1cc001a33cd4c": "based on the packet sequence number.", "5a668172f038b7001ab0bef8": "", "5a668172f038b7001ab0bef9": "individually,", "5a668172f038b7001ab0befa": "", "5a668172f038b7001ab0befb": "complete addressing information.", "5726398589a1e219009ac588": "Connection-oriented transmission requires a setup phase in each involved node before any packet is transferred", "5726398589a1e219009ac589": "The packets include a connection identifier rather than address information and are negotiated between endpoints so that they are delivered in order and with error checking.", "5726398589a1e219009ac58a": "Routing a packet requires the node to look up the connection id in a table.", "5726398589a1e219009ac58b": "The packet header can be small,", "5a550c52134fea001a0e1856": "establish the parameters of communication.", "5a550c52134fea001a0e1857": "negotiated between endpoints", "5a550c52134fea001a0e1858": "", "5a550c52134fea001a0e1859": "the connection id in a table.", "5a550c52134fea001a0e185a": "Acceptable values for service parameters", "5a605eaae9e1cc001a33cd52": "", "5a605eaae9e1cc001a33cd53": "", "5a605eaae9e1cc001a33cd54": "", "5a605eaae9e1cc001a33cd55": "", "5a605eaae9e1cc001a33cd56": "", "5a66850bf038b7001ab0bf3c": "", "5a66850bf038b7001ab0bf3d": "", "5a66850bf038b7001ab0bf3e": "", "5a66850bf038b7001ab0bf3f": "", "57263b1638643c19005ad333": "a handshake between the communicating parties before any user packets are transmitted.", "57263b1638643c19005ad334": "Frame Relay was used to interconnect LANs across wide area networks.", "57263b1638643c19005ad335": "Internet Protocol (IP)", "57263b1638643c19005ad336": "run IP over ATM or a version of MPLS.", "5a550e6f134fea001a0e187e": "connection-oriented operations. But X.25 does it at the network layer of the OSI Model. Frame Relay does it at level two, the data link layer. Another major difference between X.25 and Frame Relay is that X.25", "5a550e6f134fea001a0e187f": "the data link layer.", "5a550e6f134fea001a0e1880": "X.25 requires a handshake between the communicating parties before any user packets are transmitted.", "5a550e6f134fea001a0e1881": "X.25", "5a550e6f134fea001a0e1882": "", "5a668682f038b7001ab0bf4e": "", "5a668682f038b7001ab0bf4f": "", "5a668682f038b7001ab0bf50": "", "5a668682f038b7001ab0bf51": "", "5a668682f038b7001ab0bf52": "", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7b": "SITA HLN became operational in 1969.", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7c": "", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7d": "the network guarantees sequenced delivery of data to the host.", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7e": "In the virtual call system,", "5a550f98134fea001a0e189c": "about twenty", "5a550f98134fea001a0e189d": "", "5a550f98134fea001a0e189e": "", "5a550f98134fea001a0e189f": "", "5a550f98134fea001a0e18a0": "the division of functions and tasks between the hosts at the edge of the network and the network core.", "5a6688fcf038b7001ab0bf6c": "", "5a6688fcf038b7001ab0bf6d": "", "5a6688fcf038b7001ab0bf6e": "", "5a6688fcf038b7001ab0bf6f": "", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8d": "a proprietary suite of networking protocols developed by Apple Inc. in 1985 for Apple Macintosh computers.", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8e": "features that allowed local area networks to be established ad hoc without the requirement for a centralized router or server.", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8f": "The AppleTalk system automatically assigned addresses, updated the distributed namespace, and configured any required inter-network routing.", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc90": "plug-n-play", "5a55106f134fea001a0e18ae": "AppleTalk", "5a55106f134fea001a0e18af": "allowed local area networks to be established ad hoc without the requirement for a centralized router or server.", "5a55106f134fea001a0e18b0": "automatically assigned addresses, updated the distributed namespace, and configured any required inter-network routing.", "5a55106f134fea001a0e18b1": "", "5a55106f134fea001a0e18b2": "AppleTalk was a proprietary suite of networking protocols developed by Apple Inc. in 1985 for Apple Macintosh computers. It was the primary protocol used by Apple devices", "5a668b1df038b7001ab0bf88": "", "5a668b1df038b7001ab0bf89": "", "5a668b1df038b7001ab0bf8a": "", "5a668b1df038b7001ab0bf8b": "", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a2": "The CYCLADES packet switching network was a French research network designed and directed by Louis Pouzin.", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a3": "It was the first network to make the hosts responsible for reliable delivery of data, rather than the network itself,", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a4": "It was the first network to make the hosts responsible for reliable delivery of data,", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a5": "ARPANET", "5a55114d134fea001a0e18c2": "CYCLADES", "5a55114d134fea001a0e18c3": "", "5a55114d134fea001a0e18c4": "", "5a55114d134fea001a0e18c5": "", "5a55114d134fea001a0e18c6": "", "5a668c1af038b7001ab0bfa4": "", "5a668c1af038b7001ab0bfa5": "", "5a668c1af038b7001ab0bfa6": "", "5a668c1af038b7001ab0bfa7": "", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c3": "a suite of network protocols created by Digital Equipment Corporation,", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c4": "originally released in 1975 in order to connect two PDP-11 minicomputers. It evolved into one of the first peer-to-peer", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c5": "seven-layer", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c6": "open standards with published specifications,", "5a551230134fea001a0e18cc": "a suite of network protocols", "5a551230134fea001a0e18cd": "", "5a551230134fea001a0e18ce": "", "5a551230134fea001a0e18cf": "network protocols", "5a551230134fea001a0e18d0": "outside DEC,", "5a668d25f038b7001ab0bfac": "", "5a668d25f038b7001ab0bfad": "", "5a668d25f038b7001ab0bfae": "", "5a668d25f038b7001ab0bfaf": "", "5a668d25f038b7001ab0bfb0": "", "57263fd138643c19005ad37b": "a high-level marketing manager,", "57263fd138643c19005ad37c": "", "57263fd138643c19005ad37d": "They lost money from the beginning,", "57263fd138643c19005ad37e": "He decided that a time-sharing system, based on Kemney's work at Dartmouth\u2014which used a computer on loan from GE\u2014could be profitable.", "5a551328134fea001a0e18d6": "", "5a551328134fea001a0e18d7": "", "5a551328134fea001a0e18d8": "computer time-sharing service,", "5a551328134fea001a0e18d9": "", "5a551328134fea001a0e18da": "a time-sharing system,", "5a668e55f038b7001ab0bfcb": "", "5a668e55f038b7001ab0bfcc": "Dartmouth\u2014which", "5a668e55f038b7001ab0bfcd": "", "5726414e271a42140099d7e5": "to help the state's educational and economic development.", "5726414e271a42140099d7e6": "connections to the CDC mainframe at Michigan State University in East Lansing completed the triad.", "5726414e271a42140099d7e7": "Over the next several years in addition to host to host interactive connections the network was enhanced to support terminal to host connections, host to host batch connections (remote job submission, remote printing, batch file transfer), interactive file transfer, gateways to the Tymnet and Telenet public data networks, X.25", "5a551492134fea001a0e18e0": "computer networking", "5a551492134fea001a0e18e1": "University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and Wayne State University in Detroit.", "5a551492134fea001a0e18e2": "Michigan Educational Research Information Triad", "5a551492134fea001a0e18e3": "NSFNET project", "5a551492134fea001a0e18e4": "", "5a668fc9f038b7001ab0bfe6": "Michigan State University", "5a668fc9f038b7001ab0bfe7": "", "5a668fc9f038b7001ab0bfe8": "to help the state's educational and economic development.", "5a668fc9f038b7001ab0bfe9": "", "5a668fc9f038b7001ab0bfea": "", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf5": "Telenet was the first FCC-licensed public data network in the United States. It was founded by former ARPA IPTO director Larry Roberts as a means of making ARPANET technology public. He had tried to interest AT&T in buying the technology, but the monopoly's reaction was that this was incompatible with their future.", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf6": "former ARPA IPTO director Larry Roberts", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf7": "It was founded by former ARPA IPTO director Larry Roberts as a means of making ARPANET technology public.", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf8": "ARPANET", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf9": "GTE.", "5a55157f134fea001a0e18ea": "Larry Roberts", "5a55157f134fea001a0e18eb": "making ARPANET technology public.", "5a55157f134fea001a0e18ec": "", "5a55157f134fea001a0e18ed": "", "5a55157f134fea001a0e18ee": "incompatible with their future.", "5a6690d6f038b7001ab0bff0": "", "5a6690d6f038b7001ab0bff1": "", "5a6690d6f038b7001ab0bff2": "", "5a6690d6f038b7001ab0bff3": "", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd13": "Tymnet was an international data communications network", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd14": "Tymnet was an international data communications network headquartered in San Jose, CA that utilized virtual call packet switched technology and used X.25, SNA/SDLC, BSC and ASCII interfaces to connect host computers (servers)at thousands of large companies, educational institutions, and government agencies.", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd15": "Users typically connected via dial-up connections or dedicated async connections.", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd16": "build their own dedicated networks.", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd17": "", "5a55167b134fea001a0e18fe": "virtual call packet switched technology", "5a55167b134fea001a0e18ff": "to reach locations not on the private network.", "5a55167b134fea001a0e1900": "Another employee", "5a55167b134fea001a0e1901": "Users", "5a55167b134fea001a0e1902": "", "5a6694dbf038b7001ab0c002": "", "5a6694dbf038b7001ab0c003": "", "5a6694dbf038b7001ab0c004": "", "5a6694dbf038b7001ab0c005": "", "5a6694dbf038b7001ab0c006": "", "572643de5951261400b5195a": "two kinds of X.25 networks.", "572643de5951261400b5195b": "Bell Northern Research which was a joint venture of Bell Canada (a common carrier) and Northern Telecom (a telecommunications equipment supplier).", "572643de5951261400b5195c": "", "5a551a65134fea001a0e191c": "", "5a551a65134fea001a0e191d": "DATAPAC clones", "5a551a65134fea001a0e191e": "", "5a551a65134fea001a0e191f": "", "5a551a65134fea001a0e1920": "X.75 and X.121", "5a6695e8f038b7001ab0c016": "", "5a6695e8f038b7001ab0c017": "", "5a6695e8f038b7001ab0c018": "", "5a6695e8f038b7001ab0c019": "", "5a6695e8f038b7001ab0c01a": "", "5726446a89cfff1900a8404d": "AUSTPAC was an Australian public X.25", "5726446a89cfff1900a8404e": "AUSTPAC was Australia's first public packet-switched data network, supporting applications such as on-line betting, financial applications \u2014 the", "5726446a89cfff1900a8404f": "Access can be via a dial-up terminal to a PAD, or, by linking a permanent X.25 node to the network.[citation", "5a551d87134fea001a0e1944": "", "5a551d87134fea001a0e1945": "X.25", "5a551d87134fea001a0e1946": "", "5a551d87134fea001a0e1947": "academic institutions,", "5a551d87134fea001a0e1948": "financial applications \u2014 the", "5a6696d0f038b7001ab0c020": "", "5a6696d0f038b7001ab0c021": "academic institutions,", "5a6696d0f038b7001ab0c022": "", "5a6696d0f038b7001ab0c023": "", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac6": "the public switched data network operated by the Dutch PTT Telecom", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac7": "the network and the connected users via leased lines", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac8": "the name also referred to the public PAD service Telepad (using the DNIC 2049).", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac9": "use of the name was incorrect", "5a552252134fea001a0e1962": "", "5a552252134fea001a0e1963": "Telepad", "5a552252134fea001a0e1964": "", "5a552252134fea001a0e1965": "", "5a552252134fea001a0e1966": "the same people", "5a669800f038b7001ab0c03c": "", "5a669800f038b7001ab0c03d": "", "5a669800f038b7001ab0c03e": "", "5a669800f038b7001ab0c03f": "", "5726462b708984140094c117": "The Computer Science Network (CSNET) was a computer network funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF)", "5726462b708984140094c118": "Its purpose was to extend networking benefits, for computer science departments at academic and research institutions that could not be directly connected to ARPANET,", "5726462b708984140094c119": "", "5a55234d134fea001a0e1974": "The Computer Science Network (CSNET)", "5a55234d134fea001a0e1975": "", "5a55234d134fea001a0e1976": "computer science departments at academic and research institutions that could not be directly connected to ARPANET,", "5a55234d134fea001a0e1977": "", "5a55234d134fea001a0e1978": "ARPANET,", "5a669a2cf038b7001ab0c044": "", "5a669a2cf038b7001ab0c045": "", "5a669a2cf038b7001ab0c046": "due to funding or authorization limitations.", "5a669a2cf038b7001ab0c047": "", "5a669a2cf038b7001ab0c048": "", "5726472bdd62a815002e8042": "a not-for-profit United States computer networking consortium", "5726472bdd62a815002e8043": "Internet2 announced a partnership with Level 3 Communications", "5726472bdd62a815002e8044": "Abilene,", "5726472bdd62a815002e8045": "Internet2 announced a partnership with Level 3 Communications", "5726472bdd62a815002e8046": "", "5a55242b134fea001a0e197e": "The Internet2 community,", "5a55242b134fea001a0e197f": "", "5a55242b134fea001a0e1980": "the Internet2 Network.", "5a55242b134fea001a0e1981": "Internet2 Network,", "5a55242b134fea001a0e1982": "", "5a669b3df038b7001ab0c04e": "", "5a669b3df038b7001ab0c04f": "", "5a669b3df038b7001ab0c050": "", "5a669b3df038b7001ab0c051": "", "572647e2dd62a815002e805c": "The National Science Foundation Network", "572647e2dd62a815002e805d": "to promote advanced research and education networking in the United States.", "572647e2dd62a815002e805e": "it developed into a major part of the Internet backbone.", "5a552578134fea001a0e1990": "", "5a552578134fea001a0e1991": "", "5a552578134fea001a0e1992": "promote advanced research and education networking", "5a552578134fea001a0e1993": "the Internet backbone.", "5a552578134fea001a0e1994": "", "5a669ca9f038b7001ab0c056": "", "5a669ca9f038b7001ab0c057": "", "5a669ca9f038b7001ab0c058": "", "5a669ca9f038b7001ab0c059": "", "572648d1708984140094c15d": "The Very high-speed Backbone Network Service", "572648d1708984140094c15e": "By 1998, the vBNS had grown to connect more than 100 universities and research and engineering institutions via 12 national points of presence", "572648d1708984140094c15f": "MCI Telecommunications under a cooperative agreement with the NSF.", "572648d1708984140094c160": "", "572648d1708984140094c161": "The vBNS installed one of the first ever production OC-48c (2.5 Gbit/s) IP links in February 1999", "5a55319c134fea001a0e19ba": "", "5a55319c134fea001a0e19bb": "", "5a55319c134fea001a0e19bc": "", "5a55319c134fea001a0e19bd": "", "5a55319c134fea001a0e19be": "", "5a669d5cf038b7001ab0c05e": "", "5a669d5cf038b7001ab0c05f": "", "5a669d5cf038b7001ab0c060": "", "5a669d5cf038b7001ab0c061": "", "5a669d5cf038b7001ab0c062": "", "57264684708984140094c123": "Central Asia,", "57264684708984140094c124": "Oriental rat fleas", "57264684708984140094c125": "30\u201360%", "57264684708984140094c126": "17th century.", "57264684708984140094c127": "The plague recurred occasionally in Europe until the 19th century.", "5a2eb84ba83784001a7d241f": "", "5a2eb84ba83784001a7d2420": "Oriental rat fleas", "5a2eb84ba83784001a7d2421": "", "5a2eb84ba83784001a7d2422": "", "5a2eb84ba83784001a7d2423": "", "572647935951b619008f6ec9": "(commonly present)", "572647935951b619008f6eca": "1338\u201339", "572647935951b619008f6ecb": "China", "572647935951b619008f6ecc": "1331,", "572647935951b619008f6ecd": "25 million", "5a2eb95ca83784001a7d2429": "", "5a2eb95ca83784001a7d242a": "", "5a2eb95ca83784001a7d242b": "", "5a2eb95ca83784001a7d242c": "", "5a2eb95ca83784001a7d242d": "", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0a": "Genoese traders", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0b": "", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0c": "infected corpses", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0d": "Sicily and the south of Europe,", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0e": "war, famine, and weather", "5a2eba17a83784001a7d2433": "", "5a2eba17a83784001a7d2434": "", "5a2eba17a83784001a7d2435": "", "5a2eba17a83784001a7d2436": "", "5a2eba17a83784001a7d2437": "", "572648ed5951b619008f6f03": "northwest", "572648ed5951b619008f6f04": "Russia", "572648ed5951b619008f6f05": "smaller trade relations with their neighbours,", "572648ed5951b619008f6f06": "Germany and Scandinavia", "572648ed5951b619008f6f07": "1349", "5a2ebaada83784001a7d243d": "June 1348,", "5a2ebaada83784001a7d243e": "", "5a2ebaada83784001a7d243f": "1349", "5a2ebaada83784001a7d2440": "", "5a2ebaada83784001a7d2441": "", "57264991f1498d1400e8db2e": "serious depopulation and permanent change in both economic and social structures.", "57264991f1498d1400e8db2f": "autumn 1347,", "57264991f1498d1400e8db30": "port's trade with Constantinople,", "57264991f1498d1400e8db31": "the north,", "5a2ebb5fa83784001a7d2447": "", "5a2ebb5fa83784001a7d2448": "the north,", "5a2ebb5fa83784001a7d2449": "", "5a2ebb5fa83784001a7d244a": "", "5a2ebb5fa83784001a7d244b": "Syria", "57264a74708984140094c18b": "Gasquet", "57264a74708984140094c18c": "atra mors", "57264a74708984140094c18d": "Gasquet", "57264a74708984140094c18e": "1823", "57264a74708984140094c18f": "Scandinavia", "5a2ec431a83784001a7d2451": "", "5a2ec431a83784001a7d2452": "1823", "5a2ec431a83784001a7d2453": "", "5a2ec431a83784001a7d2454": "", "5a2ec431a83784001a7d2455": "", "57264b3edd62a815002e80aa": "", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ab": "the king of France", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ac": "Miasma theory.", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ad": "the Miasma theory.", "5a2ec55da83784001a7d245b": "", "5a2ec55da83784001a7d245c": "bad air", "5a2ec55da83784001a7d245d": "", "5a2ec55da83784001a7d245e": "", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c6": "Yersinia pestis,", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c7": "Hong Kong in 1894,", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c8": "Alexandre Yersin,", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c9": "The mechanism by which Y. pestis was usually transmitted", "57264c42dd62a815002e80ca": "two populations of rodents:", "5a2ec77ba83784001a7d2463": "1865,", "5a2ec77ba83784001a7d2464": "", "5a2ec77ba83784001a7d2465": "", "5a2ec77ba83784001a7d2466": "", "5a2ec77ba83784001a7d2467": "Alexandre Yersin,", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e4": "Francis Aidan Gasquet", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e5": "some form of the ordinary Eastern or bubonic plague\".", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e6": "1908,", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e7": "rats and fleas", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e8": "Justinian plague", "5a2ec82fa83784001a7d246d": "", "5a2ec82fa83784001a7d246e": "", "5a2ec82fa83784001a7d246f": "", "5a2ec82fa83784001a7d2470": "", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7a": "30\u201375%", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7b": "38\u201341 \u00b0C (100\u2013106 \u00b0F),", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7c": "80 percent", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7d": "90 to 95 percent.", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7e": "purple skin patches", "5a2ec98aa83784001a7d2477": "", "5a2ec98aa83784001a7d2478": "(100\u2013106 \u00b0F),", "5a2ec98aa83784001a7d2479": "", "5a2ec98aa83784001a7d247a": "", "5a2ec98aa83784001a7d247b": "", "57264e2f708984140094c1e1": "October 2010,", "57264e2f708984140094c1e2": "role of Yersinia pestis in the Black Death", "57264e2f708984140094c1e3": "Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques", "57264e2f708984140094c1e4": "the tooth sockets in human skeletons", "57264e2f708984140094c1e5": "ends the debate about the etiology of the Black Death, and unambiguously demonstrates that Y. pestis was the causative agent of the epidemic plague that devastated Europe during the Middle Ages\".", "5a2eca47a83784001a7d2481": "", "5a2eca47a83784001a7d2482": "", "5a2eca47a83784001a7d2483": "", "5a2eca47a83784001a7d2484": "", "5a2eca47a83784001a7d2485": "", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbae": "(genetic branches)", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbaf": "Y. p. orientalis and Y. p. medievalis,", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb0": "the plague may have entered Europe in two waves.", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb1": "through the port of Marseille around November 1347", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb2": "1349,", "5a2ecb43a83784001a7d248b": "", "5a2ecb43a83784001a7d248c": "", "5a2ecb43a83784001a7d248d": "", "5a2ecb43a83784001a7d248e": "", "5a2ecb43a83784001a7d248f": "", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa1": "confirmed and amended.", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa2": "England", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa3": "may no longer exist.\"", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa4": "", "5a2ecbe9a83784001a7d2495": "", "5a2ecbe9a83784001a7d2496": "", "5a2ecbe9a83784001a7d2497": "", "5a2ecbe9a83784001a7d2498": "", "5726509bdd62a815002e815a": "J. F. D. Shrewsbury", "5726509bdd62a815002e815b": "inconsistent with the modern bubonic plague,", "5726509bdd62a815002e815c": "contemporary accounts were exaggerations.", "5726509bdd62a815002e815d": "", "5726509bdd62a815002e815e": "Samuel K.", "5a2eccc9a83784001a7d249f": "", "5a2eccc9a83784001a7d24a0": "authors", "5a2eccc9a83784001a7d24a1": "", "5a2eccc9a83784001a7d24a2": "", "5a2eccc9a83784001a7d24a3": "", "5726516a708984140094c223": "an epidemiological account", "5726516a708984140094c224": "lack of reliable statistics from this period.", "5726516a708984140094c225": "over 100%", "5726516a708984140094c226": "figures from the clergy.", "5726516a708984140094c227": "between the time of publication of the Domesday Book and the year 1377. Estimates of plague victims are usually extrapolated from figures from the clergy.", "5a2ecd6da83784001a7d24a9": "", "5a2ecd6da83784001a7d24aa": "", "5a2ecd6da83784001a7d24ab": "", "5a2ecd6da83784001a7d24ac": "", "57265285708984140094c25b": "lack of accounts of the death of rats", "57265285708984140094c25c": "marginal", "57265285708984140094c25d": "temperatures that are too cold in northern Europe for the survival of fleas;", "57265285708984140094c25e": "", "57265285708984140094c25f": "5 to 15 years,", "5a2eced7a83784001a7d24b1": "", "5a2eced7a83784001a7d24b2": "", "5a2eced7a83784001a7d24b3": "much faster", "5a2eced7a83784001a7d24b4": "", "5a2eced7a83784001a7d24b5": "", "5726534d708984140094c26d": "the cause was a form of anthrax,", "5726534d708984140094c26e": "a combination of anthrax and other pandemics.", "5726534d708984140094c26f": "typhus, smallpox and respiratory infections.", "5726534d708984140094c270": "(a type of \"blood poisoning\")", "5726534d708984140094c271": "25", "5a2ecfb1a83784001a7d24c5": "", "5a2ecfb1a83784001a7d24c6": "", "5a2ecfb1a83784001a7d24c7": "", "5a2ecfb1a83784001a7d24c8": "", "5a2ecfb1a83784001a7d24c9": "", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc28": "about a third.", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc29": "Half", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2a": "some pre-planning and Christian burials", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2b": "50%", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2c": "the most isolated areas", "5a2ed0a0a83784001a7d24cf": "", "5a2ed0a0a83784001a7d24d0": "", "5a2ed0a0a83784001a7d24d1": "", "5a2ed0a0a83784001a7d24d2": "", "5a2ed0a0a83784001a7d24d3": "", "572654e2708984140094c2b7": "14th to 17th centuries.", "572654e2708984140094c2b8": "the plague was present somewhere in Europe in every year between 1346 and 1671.", "572654e2708984140094c2b9": "almost a million", "5a2ed136a83784001a7d24d9": "", "5a2ed136a83784001a7d24da": "", "5a2ed136a83784001a7d24db": "", "5a2ed136a83784001a7d24dc": "", "5a2ed136a83784001a7d24dd": "", "5726559edd62a815002e81c8": "propose a range of preincident population figures", "5726559edd62a815002e81c9": "end of 1350,", "5726559edd62a815002e81ca": "10\u201315%", "5726559edd62a815002e81cb": "1665.", "5a2ed246a83784001a7d24e3": "", "5a2ed246a83784001a7d24e4": "", "5a2ed246a83784001a7d24e5": "1498,", "5a2ed246a83784001a7d24e6": "", "5a2ed246a83784001a7d24e7": "", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc68": "perhaps 40,000", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc69": "Russia", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6a": "22", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6b": "the Italian Plague of 1629\u20131631,", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6c": "1654.", "5a2ed354a83784001a7d24ed": "30 per cent", "5a2ed354a83784001a7d24ee": "", "5a2ed354a83784001a7d24ef": "", "5a2ed354a83784001a7d24f0": "", "5a2ed354a83784001a7d24f1": "", "57265700dd62a815002e820e": "1.7 million", "57265700dd62a815002e820f": "about half of Naples' 300,000 inhabitants.", "57265700dd62a815002e8210": "", "57265700dd62a815002e8211": "Sweden v. Russia and allies)", "57265700dd62a815002e8212": "1720", "5a2ed42fa83784001a7d24f7": "Spain", "5a2ed42fa83784001a7d24f8": "", "5a2ed42fa83784001a7d24f9": "", "5a2ed42fa83784001a7d24fa": "", "5a2ed42fa83784001a7d24fb": "", "5726577f708984140094c301": "1500 and 1850.", "5726577f708984140094c302": "30 to 50 thousand", "5726577f708984140094c303": "second quarter of the 19th century.", "5726577f708984140094c304": "", "5a2ed525a83784001a7d2501": "", "5a2ed525a83784001a7d2502": "", "5a2ed525a83784001a7d2503": "", "5a2ed525a83784001a7d2504": "", "5a2ed525a83784001a7d2505": "", "572657d9dd62a815002e8230": "melt", "572657d9dd62a815002e8231": "metamorphic", "572657d9dd62a815002e8232": "a new magma", "572657d9dd62a815002e8233": "igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.", "572657d9dd62a815002e8234": "heat and pressure", "5a57c667770dc0001aeefd66": "", "5a57c667770dc0001aeefd67": "", "5a57c667770dc0001aeefd68": "", "5a57c667770dc0001aeefd69": "", "5a57c667770dc0001aeefd6a": "", "5a58cfd63e1742001a15ce32": "", "5a58cfd63e1742001a15ce33": "", "5a58cfd63e1742001a15ce34": "", "5a58cfd63e1742001a15ce35": "", "5a58cfd63e1742001a15ce36": "", "57265d08708984140094c397": "seafloor spreading,", "57265d08708984140094c398": "the crust and rigid uppermost portion of the upper mantle,", "57265d08708984140094c399": "asthenosphere.", "57265d08708984140094c39a": "convecting mantle", "57265d08708984140094c39b": "1960s,", "5a57ca90770dc0001aeefd70": "", "5a57ca90770dc0001aeefd71": "", "5a57ca90770dc0001aeefd72": "", "5a57ca90770dc0001aeefd73": "", "5a57ca90770dc0001aeefd74": "", "5a58d33e3e1742001a15ce3c": "", "5a58d33e3e1742001a15ce3d": "", "5a58d33e3e1742001a15ce3e": "", "5a58d33e3e1742001a15ce3f": "", "5a58d33e3e1742001a15ce40": "", "57265f605951b619008f70db": "divergent boundaries,", "57265f605951b619008f70dc": "convergent boundaries,", "57265f605951b619008f70dd": "Transform boundaries,", "57265f605951b619008f70de": "Alfred Wegener's", "57265f605951b619008f70df": "convecting", "5a57cc97770dc0001aeefd84": "", "5a57cc97770dc0001aeefd86": "divergent boundaries,", "5a57cc97770dc0001aeefd87": "", "5a57cc97770dc0001aeefd88": "", "5a58db973e1742001a15ce4e": "", "5a58db973e1742001a15ce4f": "its ability to combine all of these observations into a single theory of how the lithosphere moves over the convecting mantle.", "5a58db973e1742001a15ce50": "", "5a58db973e1742001a15ce51": "theory of continental drift,", "5a58db973e1742001a15ce52": "", "57266193dd62a815002e832a": "waves in reverse", "57266193dd62a815002e832b": "a crust and lithosphere", "57266193dd62a815002e832c": "outer core and inner core", "57266193dd62a815002e832d": "the mantle below", "57266193dd62a815002e832e": "wave speeds", "5a57cf7a770dc0001aeefda2": "", "5a57cf7a770dc0001aeefda3": "", "5a57cf7a770dc0001aeefda4": "", "5a57cf7a770dc0001aeefda5": "", "5a57cf7a770dc0001aeefda6": "", "5a58dd513e1742001a15ce61": "", "5a58dd513e1742001a15ce62": "410 and 660 kilometers),", "5a58dd513e1742001a15ce63": "", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf2": "", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf4": "the Quaternary", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf5": "Holocene", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf6": "Quaternary", "5a57d364770dc0001aeefdc8": "the most recent era,", "5a57d364770dc0001aeefdc9": "", "5a57d364770dc0001aeefdca": "", "5a57d364770dc0001aeefdcb": "", "5a57d364770dc0001aeefdcc": "", "5a58e3833e1742001a15ce82": "", "5a58e3833e1742001a15ce83": "", "5a58e3833e1742001a15ce84": "", "5a58e3833e1742001a15ce85": "", "5a58e3833e1742001a15ce86": "", "572665ff708984140094c4c3": "The principle of cross-cutting relationships", "572665ff708984140094c4c4": "younger", "572665ff708984140094c4c5": "the key bed", "572665ff708984140094c4c6": "", "5a57d668770dc0001aeefde6": "Finding the key bed", "5a57d668770dc0001aeefde7": "", "5a57d668770dc0001aeefde8": "", "5a57d668770dc0001aeefde9": "", "5a57d668770dc0001aeefdea": "", "5a58e9133e1742001a15cea6": "", "5a58e9133e1742001a15cea7": "", "5a58e9133e1742001a15cea8": "", "5a58e9133e1742001a15cea9": "", "5a58e9133e1742001a15ceaa": "the formations that were cut are older than the fault,", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de90": "xenoliths", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de91": "magma or lava flows,", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de92": "clasts)", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de93": "The principle of inclusions and components", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de94": "gravel", "5a57eee0770dc0001aeefed8": "", "5a57eee0770dc0001aeefed9": "", "5a57eee0770dc0001aeefeda": "", "5a57eee0770dc0001aeefedb": "", "5a57eee0770dc0001aeefedc": "", "5a58f69e3e1742001a15cede": "", "5a58f69e3e1742001a15cedf": "magma or lava", "5a58f69e3e1742001a15cee0": "", "5a58f69e3e1742001a15cee1": "", "5a58f69e3e1742001a15cee2": "", "572669a9dd62a815002e8416": "The principle of faunal succession", "572669a9dd62a815002e8417": "William Smith", "572669a9dd62a815002e8418": "quite complex,", "572669a9dd62a815002e8419": "organisms", "572669a9dd62a815002e841a": "Charles Darwin's", "5a57f0ea770dc0001aeefee2": "", "5a57f0ea770dc0001aeefee3": "", "5a57f0ea770dc0001aeefee4": "", "5a57f0ea770dc0001aeefee5": "", "5a57f0ea770dc0001aeefee6": "", "5a58feb63e1742001a15cf2e": "", "5a58feb63e1742001a15cf2f": "William Smith", "5a58feb63e1742001a15cf30": "", "5a58feb63e1742001a15cf31": "", "5a58feb63e1742001a15cf32": "", "57266c015951b619008f7237": "beginning of the 20th century,", "57266c015951b619008f7238": "stratigraphic", "57266c015951b619008f7239": "absolute", "57266c015951b619008f723a": "one another.", "57266c015951b619008f723b": "fossil sequences", "5a57f487770dc0001aeefefc": "", "5a57f487770dc0001aeefefd": "", "5a57f487770dc0001aeefefe": "", "5a57f487770dc0001aeefeff": "", "5a57f487770dc0001aeeff00": "", "5a59002d3e1742001a15cf38": "", "5a59002d3e1742001a15cf39": "", "5a59002d3e1742001a15cf3a": "", "5a59002d3e1742001a15cf3b": "", "5a59002d3e1742001a15cf3c": "", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8c": "Thermochemical", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8d": "closure temperature,", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8e": "isotope ratios", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8f": "Dating of lava and volcanic ash layers found within a stratigraphic sequence", "5a57f717770dc0001aeeff06": "", "5a57f717770dc0001aeeff07": "", "5a57f717770dc0001aeeff08": "", "5a57f717770dc0001aeeff09": "", "5a57f717770dc0001aeeff0a": "", "5a5904ed3e1742001a15cf42": "", "5a5904ed3e1742001a15cf43": "", "5a5904ed3e1742001a15cf44": "", "5a5904ed3e1742001a15cf45": "", "5a5904ed3e1742001a15cf46": "", "5726701add62a815002e84c8": "", "5726701add62a815002e84c9": "In the shallow crust,", "5726701add62a815002e84ca": "\"antiforms\",", "5726701add62a815002e84cb": "\"synforms\".", "5726701add62a815002e84cc": "anticlines and synclines,", "5a57fb62770dc0001aeeff10": "", "5a57fb62770dc0001aeeff11": "", "5a57fb62770dc0001aeeff12": "", "5a57fb62770dc0001aeeff13": "", "5a57fb62770dc0001aeeff14": "", "5a5909b13e1742001a15cf4c": "", "5a5909b13e1742001a15cf4d": "", "5a5909b13e1742001a15cf4e": "", "5a5909b13e1742001a15cf4f": "", "5a5909b13e1742001a15cf50": "", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe4": "Extension", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe5": "boudins,", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe6": "Maria Fold and Thrust Belt", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe7": "metamorphosed.", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe8": "normal faulting", "5a57fe29770dc0001aeeff1a": "", "5a57fe29770dc0001aeeff1b": "", "5a57fe29770dc0001aeeff1c": "", "5a57fe29770dc0001aeeff1d": "", "5a57fe29770dc0001aeeff1e": "", "5a590de93e1742001a15cf56": "", "5a590de93e1742001a15cf57": "", "5a590de93e1742001a15cf58": "", "5a590de93e1742001a15cf59": "Extension causes the rock units as a whole to become longer and thinner.", "5a590de93e1742001a15cf5a": "", "572673f5708984140094c69b": "Dikes,", "572673f5708984140094c69c": "in areas that are being actively deformed.", "572673f5708984140094c69d": "topographic", "572673f5708984140094c69e": "Continual motion along the fault", "572673f5708984140094c69f": "Deformational", "5a580070770dc0001aeeff36": "", "5a580070770dc0001aeeff37": "", "5a580070770dc0001aeeff38": "", "5a580070770dc0001aeeff39": "", "5a580070770dc0001aeeff3a": "", "5a590efb3e1742001a15cf60": "", "5a590efb3e1742001a15cf61": "material on the rock unit that is increasing in elevation to be eroded by hillslopes and channels. These sediments are deposited on the rock unit that is going down. Continual motion along the fault maintains the topographic gradient in spite of the movement of sediment, and continues to create accommodation space for the material to deposit.", "5a590efb3e1742001a15cf62": "", "5a590efb3e1742001a15cf63": "", "5a590efb3e1742001a15cf64": "", "57267640f1498d1400e8e074": "layered basaltic lava flows.", "57267640f1498d1400e8e075": "Acasta gneiss of the Slave craton", "57267640f1498d1400e8e076": "sedimentary", "57267640f1498d1400e8e077": "Cambrian time.", "57267640f1498d1400e8e078": "northwestern Canada,", "5a580429770dc0001aeeff46": "", "5a580429770dc0001aeeff47": "", "5a580429770dc0001aeeff48": "", "5a580429770dc0001aeeff49": "", "5a580429770dc0001aeeff4a": "", "5a5915043e1742001a15cf6a": "", "5a5915043e1742001a15cf6b": "", "5a5915043e1742001a15cf6c": "", "5a5915043e1742001a15cf6d": "", "5a5915043e1742001a15cf6e": "", "572677e7708984140094c723": "(the study of rocks),", "572677e7708984140094c724": "(the study of sedimentary layers),", "572677e7708984140094c725": "(the study of positions of rock units and their deformation).", "572677e7708984140094c726": "", "5a5808ef770dc0001aeeff66": "", "5a5808ef770dc0001aeeff67": "", "5a5808ef770dc0001aeeff68": "", "5a5808ef770dc0001aeeff69": "", "5a5808ef770dc0001aeeff6a": "", "5a5915cd3e1742001a15cf74": "", "5a5915cd3e1742001a15cf75": "", "5a5915cd3e1742001a15cf76": "", "5a5915cd3e1742001a15cf77": "", "5a5915cd3e1742001a15cf78": "", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ec": "", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ed": "", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ee": "the geochemical evolution of rock units.", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ef": "the laboratory.", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0f0": "", "5a580ab1770dc0001aeeff78": "", "5a580ab1770dc0001aeeff79": "", "5a580ab1770dc0001aeeff7a": "", "5a580ab1770dc0001aeeff7b": "", "5a580ab1770dc0001aeeff7c": "", "5a5918ff3e1742001a15cf7e": "", "5a5918ff3e1742001a15cf7f": "", "5a5918ff3e1742001a15cf80": "", "5a5918ff3e1742001a15cf81": "", "5a5918ff3e1742001a15cf82": "", "57267b3c5951b619008f7423": "perform high temperature and pressure physical experiments", "57267b3c5951b619008f7424": "perform high temperature and pressure physical experiments", "57267b3c5951b619008f7425": "metamorphic processes and the conditions of crystallization of igneous rocks.", "5a580d05770dc0001aeeff96": "", "5a580d05770dc0001aeeff97": "", "5a580d05770dc0001aeeff98": "", "5a580d05770dc0001aeeff99": "", "5a580d05770dc0001aeeff9a": "", "5a591a5f3e1742001a15cf88": "", "5a591a5f3e1742001a15cf89": "", "5a591a5f3e1742001a15cf8a": "", "5a591a5f3e1742001a15cf8b": "", "57267d52708984140094c7d9": "Structural geologists", "57267d52708984140094c7da": "microscopic analysis of oriented thin sections of geologic samples", "57267d52708984140094c7db": "plot and combine", "57267d52708984140094c7dc": "analog and numerical", "5a5810c4770dc0001aeeffb8": "", "5a5810c4770dc0001aeeffb9": "", "5a5810c4770dc0001aeeffba": "", "5a5810c4770dc0001aeeffbb": "", "5a5810c4770dc0001aeeffbc": "", "5a591f773e1742001a15cfa4": "strain within the crystalline structure of the rocks.", "5a591f773e1742001a15cfa5": "", "5a591f773e1742001a15cfa6": "strain within the crystalline structure", "5a591f773e1742001a15cfa7": "", "5a591f773e1742001a15cfa8": "", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872c": "orogenic wedges,", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872d": "orogenic wedges,", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872e": "sand", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872f": "(all angles remain the same)", "57267ebfdd62a815002e8730": "Numerical models", "5a5812f9770dc0001aeeffd0": "", "5a5812f9770dc0001aeeffd1": "", "5a5812f9770dc0001aeeffd2": "", "5a5812f9770dc0001aeeffd3": "", "5a5812f9770dc0001aeeffd4": "", "5a5920963e1742001a15cfae": "", "5a5920963e1742001a15cfaf": "", "5a5920963e1742001a15cfb0": "", "5a5920963e1742001a15cfb1": "", "5a5920963e1742001a15cfb2": "", "57268066708984140094c821": "stratigraphers", "57268066708984140094c822": "geophysical surveys", "57268066708984140094c823": "well logs", "57268066708984140094c824": "computer programs", "57268066708984140094c825": "water, coal, and hydrocarbon", "5a581597770dc0001aeeffe2": "", "5a581597770dc0001aeeffe3": "", "5a581597770dc0001aeeffe4": "", "5a581597770dc0001aeeffe5": "", "5a581597770dc0001aeeffe6": "", "5a5929d33e1742001a15cfc2": "", "5a5929d33e1742001a15cfc3": "", "5a5929d33e1742001a15cfc4": "", "5a5929d33e1742001a15cfc5": "", "5a5929d33e1742001a15cfc6": "", "57268220f1498d1400e8e216": "biostratigraphers", "57268220f1498d1400e8e217": "Geochronologists", "57268220f1498d1400e8e218": "to provide better absolute bounds on the timing and rates of deposition.", "57268220f1498d1400e8e219": "Magnetic stratigraphers", "5a5817e3770dc0001aeeffec": "", "5a5817e3770dc0001aeeffed": "", "5a5817e3770dc0001aeeffee": "", "5a5817e3770dc0001aeeffef": "", "5a5817e3770dc0001aeefff0": "", "5a592b593e1742001a15cfcc": "", "5a592b593e1742001a15cfcd": "", "5a592b593e1742001a15cfce": "", "5a592b593e1742001a15cfcf": "", "5a592b593e1742001a15cfd0": "", "572683f95951b619008f7525": "Persia", "572683f95951b619008f7526": "Abu al-Rayhan al-Biruni", "572683f95951b619008f7527": "Shen Kuo", "572683f95951b619008f7528": "Ibn Sina", "572683f95951b619008f7529": "fossil animal shells", "5a581adb770dc0001aeefff6": "", "5a581adb770dc0001aeefff7": "", "5a581adb770dc0001aeefff8": "", "5a581adb770dc0001aeefff9": "", "5a581adb770dc0001aeefffa": "", "5a592c9d3e1742001a15cfd6": "", "5a592c9d3e1742001a15cfd7": "", "5a592c9d3e1742001a15cfd8": "", "5a592c9d3e1742001a15cfd9": "geology of India,", "5a592c9d3e1742001a15cfda": "", "57268527708984140094c8bf": "James Hutton", "57268527708984140094c8c0": "Theory of the Earth", "57268527708984140094c8c1": "1795", "57268527708984140094c8c2": "the Earth must be much older than had previously been supposed", "5a581bda770dc0001aef0000": "", "5a581bda770dc0001aef0001": "", "5a581bda770dc0001aef0002": "", "5a581bda770dc0001aef0003": "", "5a581bda770dc0001aef0004": "", "5a592d703e1742001a15cfea": "", "5a592d703e1742001a15cfeb": "", "5a592d703e1742001a15cfec": "", "5a592d703e1742001a15cfed": "", "5a592d703e1742001a15cfee": "", "572686ac5951b619008f75a9": "William Maclure.", "572686ac5951b619008f75aa": "1809", "572686ac5951b619008f75ab": "1807,", "572686ac5951b619008f75ac": "American Philosophical Society", "572686ac5951b619008f75ad": "Observations on the Geology of the United States explanatory of a Geological Map,", "5a581e5d770dc0001aef000a": "", "5a581e5d770dc0001aef000b": "", "5a581e5d770dc0001aef000c": "", "5a581e5d770dc0001aef000d": "", "5a581e5d770dc0001aef000e": "", "5a592e733e1742001a15cff4": "", "5a592e733e1742001a15cff5": "", "5a592e733e1742001a15cff6": "", "5a592e733e1742001a15cff7": "", "5a592e733e1742001a15cff8": "", "57268882f1498d1400e8e306": "Principles of Geology,", "57268882f1498d1400e8e307": "uniformitarianism.", "57268882f1498d1400e8e308": "uniformitarianism.", "57268882f1498d1400e8e309": "catastrophism", "57268882f1498d1400e8e30a": "Charles Darwin,", "5a582cfa770dc0001aef0014": "", "5a582cfa770dc0001aef0015": "", "5a582cfa770dc0001aef0016": "", "5a582cfa770dc0001aef0017": "", "5a582cfa770dc0001aef0018": "", "5a592f3f3e1742001a15cffe": "", "5a592f3f3e1742001a15cfff": "", "5a592f3f3e1742001a15d000": "", "5a592f3f3e1742001a15d001": "", "5a592f3f3e1742001a15d002": "", "5726d8bd708984140094d35b": "pharma", "5726d8bd708984140094d35c": "tobacco and patent medicines.", "5726d8bd708984140094d35d": "sorcery or even poison.", "5726d8bd708984140094d35e": "outdated", "5726d8bd708984140094d35f": "herbs", "5a6cb5c14eec6b001a80a624": "", "5a6cb5c14eec6b001a80a625": "", "5a6cb5c14eec6b001a80a626": "", "5a6cb5c14eec6b001a80a628": "15th\u201317th", "5726d9935951b619008f7fed": "healthcare", "5726d9935951b619008f7fee": "optimal", "5726d9935951b619008f7fef": "optimisation of a drug treatment", "5726d9935951b619008f7ff0": "small-business proprietors,", "5726d9935951b619008f7ff1": "", "5a6cb66c4eec6b001a80a62e": "", "5a6cb66c4eec6b001a80a62f": "", "5a6cb66c4eec6b001a80a630": "", "5a6cb66c4eec6b001a80a631": "", "5a6cb66c4eec6b001a80a632": "", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b2": "other senior pharmacy technicians.", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b3": "General Pharmaceutical Council", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b4": "regulates the practice of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians.", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b5": "health care", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b6": "manage the pharmacy department and specialised areas in pharmacy practice", "5a6cb7ce4eec6b001a80a638": "", "5a6cb7ce4eec6b001a80a639": "", "5a6cb7ce4eec6b001a80a63a": "", "5a6cb7ce4eec6b001a80a63b": "", "5726db5add62a815002e92d4": "Diocles of Carystus", "5726db5add62a815002e92d5": "writing a five volume book in his native Greek", "5726db5add62a815002e92d6": "De Materia Medica", "5726db5add62a815002e92d7": "materia medica.", "5726db5add62a815002e92d8": "middle eastern scientists", "5a6cb89e4eec6b001a80a640": "", "5a6cb89e4eec6b001a80a641": "", "5a6cb89e4eec6b001a80a642": "", "5a6cb89e4eec6b001a80a643": "", "5a6cb89e4eec6b001a80a644": "", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9320": "highly respected. The place of pharmacists in society was expressly defined in the Taih\u014d Code (701) and re-stated", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9321": "Taih\u014d Code (701) and re-stated in the Y\u014dr\u014d Code (718).", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9322": "", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9323": "superior to all others in health-related fields", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9324": "ranked above the two personal physicians", "5a6cba504eec6b001a80a64a": "", "5a6cba504eec6b001a80a64b": "", "5a6cba504eec6b001a80a64c": "above the two personal physicians", "5a6cba504eec6b001a80a64d": "", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee04": "botany and chemistry", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee05": "Muhammad ibn Zakar\u012bya R\u0101zi", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee06": "Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee07": "sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate,", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee08": "", "5a6cbba74eec6b001a80a652": "", "5a6cbba74eec6b001a80a653": "", "5a6cbba74eec6b001a80a654": "", "5a6cbba74eec6b001a80a655": "", "5a6cbba74eec6b001a80a656": "", "5726deed5951b619008f80c5": "", "5726deed5951b619008f80c6": "Church of Santa Maria Novella in Florence, Italy,", "5726deed5951b619008f80c7": "a museum,", "5726deed5951b619008f80c8": "old prescription books and antique drugs.", "5726deed5951b619008f80c9": "1221", "5a6cdddf4eec6b001a80a65c": "", "5a6cdddf4eec6b001a80a65d": "", "5a6cdddf4eec6b001a80a65e": "", "5a6cdddf4eec6b001a80a65f": "", "5726e08e5951b619008f810f": "pharmacy legislation;", "5726e08e5951b619008f8110": "compounding/dispensing medications,", "5726e08e5951b619008f8111": "automation", "5726e08e5951b619008f8112": "patients' prescriptions and patient safety issues.", "5726e08e5951b619008f8113": "storage conditions, compulsory texts, equipment,", "5a6ce1054eec6b001a80a664": "", "5a6ce1054eec6b001a80a665": "", "5a6ce1054eec6b001a80a666": "", "5a6ce1054eec6b001a80a667": "", "5a6ce1054eec6b001a80a668": "", "5726e179dd62a815002e93ae": "hospitals", "5726e179dd62a815002e93af": "various disciplines of pharmacy.", "5726e179dd62a815002e93b0": "patient compliance", "5726e179dd62a815002e93b1": "pharmacists practicing in hospitals", "5a6ce1ca4eec6b001a80a66e": "", "5a6ce1ca4eec6b001a80a66f": "", "5a6ce1ca4eec6b001a80a670": "", "5a6ce1ca4eec6b001a80a671": "", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb2": "within the premises of the hospital.", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb3": "unit-dose", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb4": "high risk preparations and some other compounding functions", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb5": "high cost of medications", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb6": "a larger range of medications, including more specialized medications,", "5a6ce2ec4eec6b001a80a676": "", "5a6ce2ec4eec6b001a80a677": "", "5a6ce2ec4eec6b001a80a678": "", "5a6ce2ec4eec6b001a80a679": "", "5a6ce2ec4eec6b001a80a67a": "", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9404": "optimizes the use of medication and promotes health, wellness, and disease prevention.", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9405": "inside hospitals and clinics.", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9406": "physicians", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9407": "patient care rounds drug product selection.", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9408": "in all health care settings,", "5a6ce4164eec6b001a80a680": "", "5a6ce4164eec6b001a80a681": "", "5a6ce4164eec6b001a80a682": "", "5a6ce4164eec6b001a80a683": "", "5726e5c95951b619008f81cb": "creating a comprehensive drug therapy plan", "5726e5c95951b619008f81cc": "evaluation of the appropriateness of the drug therapy", "5726e5c95951b619008f81cd": "drug choice, dose, route, frequency, and duration of therapy)", "5726e5c95951b619008f81ce": "potential drug interactions, adverse drug reactions, and assess patient drug allergies", "5a6ce4fa4eec6b001a80a688": "", "5a6ce4fa4eec6b001a80a689": "", "5a6ce4fa4eec6b001a80a68a": "", "5a6ce4fa4eec6b001a80a68b": "", "5726e985dd62a815002e94da": "full independent prescribing authority.", "5726e985dd62a815002e94db": "North Carolina and New Mexico", "5726e985dd62a815002e94dc": "2011", "5726e985dd62a815002e94dd": "Board Certified Ambulatory Care Pharmacist", "5726e985dd62a815002e94de": "VA, the Indian Health Service, and NIH)", "5a6ce55e4eec6b001a80a690": "", "5a6ce55e4eec6b001a80a691": "", "5a6ce55e4eec6b001a80a692": "", "5a6ce55e4eec6b001a80a693": "", "5a6ce55e4eec6b001a80a694": "", "5726ea985951b619008f8261": "medication regimen review", "5726ea985951b619008f8262": "nursing homes,", "5726ea985951b619008f8263": "Omnicare, Kindred Healthcare and PharMerica).", "5726ea985951b619008f8264": "many elderly people are now taking numerous medications", "5726ea985951b619008f8265": "provide consulting services.", "5a6ce6164eec6b001a80a69a": "", "5a6ce6164eec6b001a80a69b": "", "5a6ce6164eec6b001a80a69c": "", "5a6ce6164eec6b001a80a69d": "", "5a6ce6164eec6b001a80a69e": "", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826b": "Since about the year 2000,", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826c": "community pharmacies", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826d": "online pharmacies)", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826e": "homebound.", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826f": "the method by which the medications are requested and received.", "5a6ce6b54eec6b001a80a6a4": "", "5a6ce6b54eec6b001a80a6a5": "", "5a6ce6b54eec6b001a80a6a6": "", "5a6ce6b54eec6b001a80a6a7": "", "5a6ce6b54eec6b001a80a6a8": "", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00c": "to avoid the \"inconvenience\" of visiting a doctor or to obtain medications which their doctors were unwilling to prescribe.", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00d": "doctors", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00e": "potentially dangerous,", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00f": "sell prescription drugs without requiring a prescription.", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f010": "sell prescription drugs and require a valid prescription,", "5a6ce7444eec6b001a80a6ae": "", "5a6ce7444eec6b001a80a6af": "", "5a6ce7444eec6b001a80a6b0": "", "5a6ce7444eec6b001a80a6b1": "", "5726edecdd62a815002e957f": "it must be issued for a legitimate medical purpose by a licensed practitioner acting in the course of legitimate doctor-patient relationship.", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05e": "people, youth in particular, can obtain controlled substances", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05f": "issued for a legitimate medical purpose by a licensed practitioner acting in the course of legitimate doctor-patient relationship.", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f060": "ensure that the prescription is valid.", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f061": "individual state laws", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f062": "Vicodin,", "5a6ce8ea4eec6b001a80a6b6": "", "5a6ce8ea4eec6b001a80a6b7": "", "5a6ce8ea4eec6b001a80a6b8": "", "5a6ce8ea4eec6b001a80a6b9": "", "5a6ce8ea4eec6b001a80a6ba": "", "5726f0e35951b619008f82f7": "reduce consumer costs.", "5726f0e35951b619008f82f8": "Canada", "5726f0e35951b619008f82f9": "international drug suppliers,", "5726f0e35951b619008f82fa": "There is no known case of any U.S. citizens buying Canadian drugs for personal use with a prescription, who has ever been charged by authorities.", "5726f0e35951b619008f82fb": "legalize importation of medications", "5a6ce9ab4eec6b001a80a6c0": "", "5a6ce9ab4eec6b001a80a6c1": "", "5a6ce9ab4eec6b001a80a6c2": "consumers.", "5a6ce9ab4eec6b001a80a6c3": "", "5726f2375951b619008f830f": "pharmacy practice science and applied information science.", "5726f2375951b619008f8310": "information technology departments or for healthcare information technology vendor companies.", "5726f2375951b619008f8311": "major national and international patient information projects", "5726f2375951b619008f8312": "medication management system development, deployment and optimization.", "5726f2375951b619008f8313": "quickly", "5a6ceb164eec6b001a80a6c8": "", "5a6ceb164eec6b001a80a6c9": "", "5a6ceb164eec6b001a80a6ca": "", "5a6ceb164eec6b001a80a6cb": "", "5726f36cdd62a815002e95fe": "Specialty pharmacies", "5726f36cdd62a815002e95ff": "19", "5726f36cdd62a815002e9600": "chronic and complex", "5726f36cdd62a815002e9601": "high cost injectable, oral, infused, or inhaled medications", "5726f36cdd62a815002e9602": "lab monitoring, adherence counseling, and assist patients with cost-containment strategies", "5a6ceb7a4eec6b001a80a6d0": "", "5a6ceb7a4eec6b001a80a6d1": "", "5a6ceb7a4eec6b001a80a6d2": "", "5a6ceb7a4eec6b001a80a6d3": "", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0da": "separately from physicians.", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0db": "pharmacists", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dc": "American Medical Association (AMA) Code of Ethics", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dd": "7 to 10 percent", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0de": "form business partnerships with physicians or give them \"kickback\" payments.", "5a6cecdb4eec6b001a80a6d8": "", "5a6cecdb4eec6b001a80a6d9": "", "5a6cecdb4eec6b001a80a6db": "", "5726f635dd62a815002e9656": "rural areas in the United Kingdom,", "5726f635dd62a815002e9657": "Austria", "5726f635dd62a815002e9658": "1.6 kilometres)", "5726f635dd62a815002e9659": "4 kilometers", "5a6ced7d4eec6b001a80a6e0": "", "5a6ced7d4eec6b001a80a6e1": "", "5a6ced7d4eec6b001a80a6e2": "", "5a6ced7d4eec6b001a80a6e3": "4 kilometers", "5726f7715951b619008f838d": "high risk of a conflict of interest and/or the avoidance of absolute powers.", "5726f7715951b619008f838e": "financial self-interest", "5726f7715951b619008f838f": "checks and balances system", "5726f7715951b619008f8390": "obtaining cost-effective medication", "5726f7715951b619008f8391": "sell more medications to the patient.", "5a6cee244eec6b001a80a6e8": "", "5a6cee244eec6b001a80a6e9": "", "5a6cee244eec6b001a80a6ea": "", "5a6cee244eec6b001a80a6eb": "", "5a6cee244eec6b001a80a6ec": "", "5726f868dd62a815002e9684": "more integral within the health care system.", "5726f868dd62a815002e9685": "patient care", "5726f868dd62a815002e9686": "clinical services that pharmacists can provide for their patients.", "5726f868dd62a815002e9687": "thorough analysis of all medication", "5726f868dd62a815002e9688": "increased patient health outcomes", "5a6ceec84eec6b001a80a6f2": "", "5a6ceec84eec6b001a80a6f3": "", "5a6ceec84eec6b001a80a6f4": "", "5a6ceec84eec6b001a80a6f5": "", "5a6ceec84eec6b001a80a6f6": "", "5726f96ddd62a815002e9698": "Alberta and British Columbia)", "5726f96ddd62a815002e9699": "the Australian Government", "5726f96ddd62a815002e969a": "medicine use reviews.", "5726f96ddd62a815002e969b": "pharmaceutical care or clinical pharmacy", "5726f96ddd62a815002e969c": "Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm. D.)", "5a6cef5a4eec6b001a80a6fc": "", "5a6cef5a4eec6b001a80a6fd": "", "5a6cef5a4eec6b001a80a6fe": "", "5a6cef5a4eec6b001a80a6ff": "", "5a6cef5a4eec6b001a80a700": "", "5726fa525951b619008f83f7": "mortar and pestle and the \u211e (recipere) character,", "5726fa525951b619008f83f8": "The show globe", "5726fa525951b619008f83f9": "Netherlands,", "5726fa525951b619008f83fa": "Germany and Austria", "5726fa525951b619008f83fb": "France, Argentina, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Ireland, Italy, Spain, and India,", "5a6cefd64eec6b001a80a706": "", "5a6cefd64eec6b001a80a707": "", "5a6cefd64eec6b001a80a708": "", "5a6cefd64eec6b001a80a709": "", "5a6cefd64eec6b001a80a70a": "", "57271c235951b619008f860b": "Civil disobedience", "57271c235951b619008f860c": "the fight against apartheid,", "57271c235951b619008f860d": "the Singing Revolution", "57271c235951b619008f860e": "Ukraine", "57271c235951b619008f860f": "Georgia", "5728d4c03acd2414000dff9f": "Egyptians", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa0": "the British occupation", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa1": "unfair laws.", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa2": "unfair laws.", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa3": "American Civil Rights Movement,", "5a66413dc2b11c001a425ec7": "", "5a66413dc2b11c001a425ec8": "independence from the British Empire),", "5a66413dc2b11c001a425ec9": "", "5a66413dc2b11c001a425eca": "", "5a66413dc2b11c001a425ecb": "", "57271f125951b619008f8635": "Antigone,", "57271f125951b619008f8636": "Oedipus,", "57271f125951b619008f8637": "Creon,", "57271f125951b619008f8638": "Antigone,", "57271f125951b619008f8639": "giving her brother Polynices a proper burial.", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb3": "Antigone,", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb4": "Sophocles'", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb5": "Creon,", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb6": "giving her brother Polynices a proper burial.", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb7": "She gives a stirring speech", "5a664314c2b11c001a425ed9": "", "5a664314c2b11c001a425eda": "", "5a664314c2b11c001a425edb": "", "5a664314c2b11c001a425edc": "", "5a664314c2b11c001a425edd": "", "5727213c708984140094da35": "", "5727213c708984140094da36": "nonviolent", "5727213c708984140094da37": "Henry David Thoreau", "5727213c708984140094da38": "Satyagraha.", "5727213c708984140094da39": "a free India.", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f18": "", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f19": "", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1a": "", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1b": "Gandhi", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1c": "Satyagraha", "5a664447c2b11c001a425eeb": "", "5a664447c2b11c001a425eec": "", "5a664447c2b11c001a425eed": "", "5a664447c2b11c001a425eee": "", "5a664447c2b11c001a425eef": "", "572726c9708984140094da7b": "muggers, arsonists, draft evaders, campaign hecklers, campus militants, anti-war demonstrators, juvenile delinquents and political assassins.\"", "572726c9708984140094da7c": "utterly debased.", "572726c9708984140094da7d": "debased.", "572726c9708984140094da7e": "Marshall Cohen", "5728d6f02ca10214002da90e": "become utterly debased.", "5728d6f02ca10214002da90f": "Marshall Cohen", "5728d6f02ca10214002da910": "become utterly debased.", "5728d6f02ca10214002da911": "Vice President Agnew", "5728d6f02ca10214002da912": "\"civil disobedience\" has always suffered from ambiguity", "5a664612c2b11c001a425f09": "", "5a664612c2b11c001a425f0a": "", "5a664612c2b11c001a425f0b": "", "5a664612c2b11c001a425f0c": "", "5a664612c2b11c001a425f0d": "", "572807802ca10214002d9bf8": "LeGrande", "572807802ca10214002d9bf9": "impossible.", "572807802ca10214002d9bfa": "lawful protest demonstration, nonviolent civil disobedience, and violent civil disobedience.", "572807802ca10214002d9bfb": "semantical problems", "572807802ca10214002d9bfc": "no more (or no less) meaning than the individual orator intends it to have.\"", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4c": "LeGrande", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4d": "voluminous", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4e": "semantical problems and grammatical niceties.", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4f": "nonviolent", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f50": "violent", "5a6647d2c2b11c001a425f1d": "", "5a6647d2c2b11c001a425f1e": "", "5a6647d2c2b11c001a425f1f": "a maze of semantical problems and grammatical niceties.", "5a6647d2c2b11c001a425f20": "voluminous literature", "5a6647d2c2b11c001a425f21": "", "57280f974b864d1900164370": "civil disobedience,", "57280f974b864d1900164371": "", "57280f974b864d1900164372": "relation to the state and its laws,", "57280f974b864d1900164373": "", "57280f974b864d1900164374": "Civil disobedience", "5728d9403acd2414000e001b": "a citizen's relation to the state and its laws,", "5728d9403acd2414000e001c": "refuse to enforce a decision of that country's highest court,", "5728d9403acd2414000e001d": "", "5728d9403acd2414000e001e": "citizen's", "5728d9403acd2414000e001f": "private citizen.", "5a665002846392001a1e1ab3": "two equally sovereign branches of government,", "5a665002846392001a1e1ab4": "", "5a665002846392001a1e1ab5": "", "5a665002846392001a1e1ab6": "", "5a665002846392001a1e1ab7": "", "572812e74b864d19001643ce": "Thoreau's", "572812e74b864d19001643cf": "imprisonment,", "572812e74b864d19001643d0": "not necessarily right.", "572812e74b864d19001643d1": "\u201cResign.\u201d", "572812e74b864d19001643d2": "elite politicians.", "5728dafe3acd2414000e005d": "The individual", "5728dafe3acd2414000e005e": "individuals", "5728dafe3acd2414000e005f": "", "5728dafe3acd2414000e0060": "\u201cResign.\u201d", "5728dafe3acd2414000e0061": "The majority may be powerful but it is not necessarily right.", "5a665142846392001a1e1abd": "", "5a665142846392001a1e1abe": "", "5a665142846392001a1e1abf": "", "5a665142846392001a1e1ac0": "", "5a665142846392001a1e1ac1": "", "5728151b4b864d1900164428": "governmental entities.", "5728151b4b864d1900164429": "non-governmental agencies", "5728151b4b864d190016442a": "", "5728151b4b864d190016442b": "international organizations and foreign governments.", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e007f": "only justified against governmental entities.", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0080": "", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0081": "\"a larger challenge to the legal system", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0083": "", "5a665338846392001a1e1ac7": "", "5a665338846392001a1e1ac8": "", "5a665338846392001a1e1ac9": "", "5a665338846392001a1e1aca": "protest", "5a665338846392001a1e1acb": "", "572818f54b864d190016446c": "civil disobedience.", "572818f54b864d190016446d": "", "572818f54b864d190016446e": "hiding a Jew in their house.\"", "572818f54b864d190016446f": "(Exodus 1: 15-19)", "572818f54b864d1900164470": "Shiphrah and Puah", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d2": "publicly announced", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d3": "rules that conflict with morality,", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d4": "assisting in fabricating evidence or committing perjury", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d5": "Hitler's secret police demanded to know if they were hiding a Jew in their house.\"", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d6": "Book of Exodus,", "5a665549846392001a1e1ad5": "", "5a665549846392001a1e1ad6": "", "5a665549846392001a1e1ad7": "", "5a665549846392001a1e1ad8": "Shiphrah and Puah", "5a665549846392001a1e1ad9": "Hitler's secret police demanded to know if they were hiding a Jew in their house.\"", "57281c594b864d19001644a2": "non-violent", "57281c594b864d19001644a3": "Black's Law Dictionary", "57281c594b864d19001644a4": "rebellion", "57281c594b864d19001644a5": "tolerance", "57281c594b864d19001644a6": "non-violent", "5728df634b864d1900164fe2": "", "5728df634b864d1900164fe3": "civil rebellion", "5728df634b864d1900164fe4": "refusal to submit to arrest.", "5728df634b864d1900164fe6": "help preserve society's tolerance of civil disobedience.", "5a665747846392001a1e1ae9": "", "5a665747846392001a1e1aea": "", "5a665747846392001a1e1aeb": "", "5a665747846392001a1e1aec": "", "5a665747846392001a1e1aed": "", "5728202c4b864d19001644ec": "Revolutionary civil disobedience", "5728202c4b864d19001644ed": "Hungarians", "5728202c4b864d19001644ee": "Ferenc De\u00e1k", "5728202c4b864d19001644ef": "Gandhi's", "5728202c4b864d19001644f0": "to render certain laws ineffective, to cause their repeal, or to exert pressure to get one's political wishes on some other issue.", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00e9": "Non-revolutionary", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ea": "they are judged \"wrong\"", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00eb": "to render certain laws ineffective,", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ec": "Revolutionary", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ed": "", "5a665870846392001a1e1af3": "", "5a665870846392001a1e1af4": "", "5a665870846392001a1e1af5": "", "5a665870846392001a1e1af6": "", "5a665870846392001a1e1af7": "", "572822233acd2414000df555": "Roman Empire[citation", "572822233acd2414000df556": "Jews gathered in the streets", "572822233acd2414000df557": "his arrest was not covered in any newspapers", "572822233acd2414000df558": "higher political office,", "572822233acd2414000df559": "after the end of the Mexican War.", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0131": "Roman Empire[citation", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0132": "prevent the installation of pagan images in the Temple in Jerusalem.[citation", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0133": "refuse to sign bail", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0134": "jail solidarity.[page", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0135": "days, weeks and months", "5a6659d3846392001a1e1b0d": "", "5a6659d3846392001a1e1b0e": "", "5a6659d3846392001a1e1b0f": "", "5a6659d3846392001a1e1b10": "", "5a6659d3846392001a1e1b11": "", "572825a92ca10214002d9efe": "illegal acts.", "572825a92ca10214002d9eff": "propaganda", "572825a92ca10214002d9f00": "Voice in the Wilderness,", "572825a92ca10214002d9f01": "738 days,", "572825a92ca10214002d9f02": "preventing it from being cut down.", "5728e5224b864d1900165032": "trespassing at a nuclear-missile installation)...Such", "5728e5224b864d1900165033": "trespassing at a nuclear-missile installation)...Such", "5728e5224b864d1900165034": "harassment", "5728e5224b864d1900165035": "", "5728e5224b864d1900165036": "Julia Butterfly Hill", "5a665b56846392001a1e1b1d": "", "5a665b56846392001a1e1b1e": "", "5a665b56846392001a1e1b1f": "", "5a665b56846392001a1e1b20": "", "5a665b56846392001a1e1b21": "", "5728284e3acd2414000df5cd": "sending an email to the Lebanon, New Hampshire city councilors", "5728284e3acd2414000df5ce": "\"Wise up or die.\"", "5728284e3acd2414000df5cf": "forbidden", "5728284e3acd2414000df5d0": "the 1978 Supreme Court case of FCC v. Pacifica Foundation.", "5728284e3acd2414000df5d1": "1978", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0171": "speech,", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0172": "WBAI's broadcasting the track \"Filthy Words\" from a George Carlin comedy album,", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0173": "engaging in the forbidden speech. An example would be WBAI's broadcasting the track \"Filthy Words\" from a George Carlin comedy album, which eventually led to the 1978 Supreme Court case of FCC v.", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0174": "", "5a666b43846392001a1e1c0f": "", "5a666b43846392001a1e1c10": "", "5a666b43846392001a1e1c11": "", "5a666b43846392001a1e1c12": "", "5a666b43846392001a1e1c13": "", "57282dfb4b864d1900164668": "a system to function.", "57282dfb4b864d1900164669": "padlocking the gates and using sickles to deflate one of the large domes covering two satellite dishes.", "57282dfb4b864d190016466a": "using sickles to deflate one of the large domes covering two satellite dishes.", "57282dfb4b864d190016466b": "coercion", "57282dfb4b864d190016466c": "coercive.", "5728e715ff5b5019007da914": "illegal boycotts,", "5728e715ff5b5019007da916": "make it more difficult for a system to function.", "5728e715ff5b5019007da917": "engage in moral dialogue,", "5728e715ff5b5019007da918": "illegal boycotts,", "5a6681d1f038b7001ab0bf00": "", "5a6681d1f038b7001ab0bf01": "", "5a6681d1f038b7001ab0bf02": "", "5a6681d1f038b7001ab0bf03": "", "5a6681d1f038b7001ab0bf04": "", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6c": "criminal", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6d": "some civil disobedients seek to use the arrest as an opportunity to make an impression on the officers.", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6e": "can serve no useful purpose, and may be harmful.", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6f": "sometimes due to a lack of understanding of the legal ramifications, or due to a fear of seeming rude.", "5728e8212ca10214002daa70": "to make an impression on the officers.", "5a6683d5f038b7001ab0bf1e": "", "5a6683d5f038b7001ab0bf1f": "", "5a6683d5f038b7001ab0bf20": "", "5a6683d5f038b7001ab0bf21": "", "5a6683d5f038b7001ab0bf22": "", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c5": "", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c6": "their belief in the validity of the social contract,", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c7": "", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c8": "anarchists,", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c9": "don't believe in the legitimacy of any government,", "5a668632f038b7001ab0bf44": "", "5a668632f038b7001ab0bf45": "", "5a668632f038b7001ab0bf46": "legitimacy", "5a668632f038b7001ab0bf47": "", "5a668632f038b7001ab0bf48": "", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01d9": "whether or not to plead guilty.", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01da": "submit to the punishment prescribed by law,", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01db": "\"Yes, I committed the act of which you accuse me. I don't deny it; in fact, I am proud of it. I feel I did the right thing by violating this particular law; I am guilty as charged,\"", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dc": "I feel I have done no wrong.", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dd": "\"creative plea,\"", "5a66893ff038b7001ab0bf74": "", "5a66893ff038b7001ab0bf75": "", "5a66893ff038b7001ab0bf76": "", "5a66893ff038b7001ab0bf77": "", "5a66893ff038b7001ab0bf78": "pleading not guilty sends a message of, \"Guilt implies wrong-doing. I feel I have done no wrong. I may have violated some specific laws, but I am guilty of doing no wrong. I therefore plead not guilty.\"", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650aa": "Camp Mercury nuclear test site", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ab": "13 of the protesters attempted to enter the test site", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ac": "immediately arrested.", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ad": "\"nolo contendere\",", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ae": "suspended", "5a668b33f038b7001ab0bf90": "", "5a668b33f038b7001ab0bf91": "", "5a668b33f038b7001ab0bf92": "", "5a668b33f038b7001ab0bf93": "", "5a668b33f038b7001ab0bf94": "", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97c": "reminding their countrymen of injustice.", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97d": "reminding their countrymen of injustice. But that is different than the notion that they must go to jail as part of a rule connected with civil disobedience.", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97e": "the spirit of protest", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97f": "", "5a668d4ef038b7001ab0bfc0": "", "5a668d4ef038b7001ab0bfc1": "", "5a668d4ef038b7001ab0bfc2": "the neo-conservative insistence on a guilty plea", "5a668d4ef038b7001ab0bfc3": "the spirit of protest", "5a668d4ef038b7001ab0bfc4": "", "5728eef92ca10214002daab0": "a plea bargain", "5728eef92ca10214002daab1": "no jail time.", "5728eef92ca10214002daab2": "solidarity tactics", "5728eef92ca10214002daab3": "", "5728eef92ca10214002daab4": "Mohandas Gandhi", "5a668ef8f038b7001ab0bfdc": "", "5a668ef8f038b7001ab0bfdd": "", "5a668ef8f038b7001ab0bfde": "", "5a668ef8f038b7001ab0bfdf": "", "5a668ef8f038b7001ab0bfe0": "", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e55": "make a defiant speech, or a speech explaining their actions, in allocution.", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e56": "explaining their actions,", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e57": "", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e58": "\"the ones who are violating the greater law are the members of the Navy\".", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e59": "", "5a66938ff038b7001ab0bff8": "", "5a66938ff038b7001ab0bff9": "", "5a66938ff038b7001ab0bffa": "", "5a66938ff038b7001ab0bffb": "", "5a66938ff038b7001ab0bffc": "", "5728facd4b864d1900165170": "win an acquittal and avoid imprisonment or a fine,", "5728facd4b864d1900165171": "to use the proceedings as a forum to inform the jury and the public of the political circumstances surrounding the case and their reasons for breaking the law via civil disobedience.\"", "5728facd4b864d1900165172": "seek jury nullification.", "5728facd4b864d1900165173": "", "5728facd4b864d1900165174": "", "5a66978af038b7001ab0c028": "", "5a66978af038b7001ab0c029": "reduced", "5a66978af038b7001ab0c02a": "", "5a66978af038b7001ab0c02b": "", "5a66978af038b7001ab0c02c": "", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef5": "", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef6": "any great amount of it would undermine the law by encouraging general disobedience which is neither conscientious nor of social benefit. Therefore, conscientious lawbreakers must be punished.", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef7": "any great amount of it would undermine the law by encouraging general disobedience which is neither conscientious nor of social benefit.", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef8": "", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef9": "", "5a669ee5f038b7001ab0c068": "", "5a669ee5f038b7001ab0c069": "", "5a669ee5f038b7001ab0c06a": "", "5a669ee5f038b7001ab0c06b": "", "5a669ee5f038b7001ab0c06c": "", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f11": "\"Indirect civil disobedience", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f12": "civil disobedience", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f13": "", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f14": "The necessity defense", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f15": "\"prosecutors have reasoned (correctly) that if they arrest fully informed jury leafleters, the leaflets will have to be given to the leafleter's own jury as evidence.\"", "5a66a156f038b7001ab0c072": "violating a law", "5a66a156f038b7001ab0c073": "", "5a66a156f038b7001ab0c074": "Fully Informed Jury Association activists", "5a66a156f038b7001ab0c075": "", "5a66a156f038b7001ab0c076": "given to the leafleter's own jury as evidence.\"", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2b": "achieving crime control", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2d": "", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2e": "the state (including the judges)", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2f": "utilitarian grounds", "5a66a55af038b7001ab0c07c": "", "5a66a55af038b7001ab0c07d": "", "5a66a55af038b7001ab0c07e": "", "5a66a55af038b7001ab0c07f": "", "5a66a55af038b7001ab0c080": "", "57273a465951b619008f86ff": "Construction", "57273a465951b619008f8700": "manufacturing", "57273a465951b619008f8701": "six to nine percent", "57273a465951b619008f8702": "planning,[citation needed] design, and financing", "57273a465951b619008f8703": "a known client.", "5a234eef82b03a001a4aa76a": "", "5a234eef82b03a001a4aa76b": "", "5a234eef82b03a001a4aa76c": "", "5a234eef82b03a001a4aa76d": "planning,[citation needed] design, and financing", "5a25a709ef59cd001a623c0e": "", "5a25a709ef59cd001a623c0f": "", "5a25a709ef59cd001a623c10": "", "5a25a709ef59cd001a623c11": "", "5a25a709ef59cd001a623c12": "", "57273cca708984140094db33": "An architect", "57273cca708984140094db34": "a construction manager, design engineer, construction engineer or project manager", "57273cca708984140094db35": "effective planning", "57273cca708984140094db36": "megaprojects.", "57273cca708984140094db37": "Those involved with the design and execution of the infrastructure", "5a2350d582b03a001a4aa773": "", "5a2350d582b03a001a4aa774": "", "5a2350d582b03a001a4aa775": "megaprojects.", "5a2350d582b03a001a4aa776": "", "5a25a8e9ef59cd001a623c20": "", "5a25a8e9ef59cd001a623c21": "", "5a25a8e9ef59cd001a623c22": "", "5a25a8e9ef59cd001a623c23": "", "5a25a8e9ef59cd001a623c24": "", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4fe": "buildings, infrastructure and industrial.", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4ff": "residential and non-residential (commercial/institutional).", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f500": "heavy/highway, heavy civil or heavy engineering.", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f501": "Infrastructure", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f502": "Industrial", "5a2352f782b03a001a4aa77b": "sectors of construction:", "5a2352f782b03a001a4aa77c": "", "5a2352f782b03a001a4aa77d": "", "5a2352f782b03a001a4aa77e": "Industrial", "5a25ab1bef59cd001a623c32": "", "5a25ab1bef59cd001a623c33": "", "5a25ab1bef59cd001a623c34": "", "5a25ab1bef59cd001a623c35": "", "5a25ab1bef59cd001a623c36": "", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a02": "a trade magazine for the construction industry.", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a03": "Engineering News-Record", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a04": "2014", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a05": "transportation, sewer, hazardous waste and water", "5a23548782b03a001a4aa783": "", "5a23548782b03a001a4aa784": "", "5a23548782b03a001a4aa785": "", "5a23548782b03a001a4aa786": "", "5a23548782b03a001a4aa787": "", "5a25ade0ef59cd001a623c44": "", "5a25ade0ef59cd001a623c45": "", "5a25ade0ef59cd001a623c46": "", "5a25ade0ef59cd001a623c47": "", "5a25ade0ef59cd001a623c48": "", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0a": "building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors.", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0b": "construction service firms", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0c": "The Standard Industrial Classification", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0d": "(firms engaged in managing construction projects without assuming direct financial responsibility for completion of the construction project).", "5a23565482b03a001a4aa78d": "building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors.", "5a23565482b03a001a4aa78e": "", "5a23565482b03a001a4aa78f": "", "5a23565482b03a001a4aa790": "", "5a25b230ef59cd001a623c4e": "", "5a25b230ef59cd001a623c4f": "", "5a25b230ef59cd001a623c50": "", "5a25b230ef59cd001a623c51": "", "5a25b230ef59cd001a623c52": "", "57274046dd62a815002e9a12": "Building construction", "57274046dd62a815002e9a13": "small renovations,", "57274046dd62a815002e9a14": "the owner of the property", "57274046dd62a815002e9a15": "structural collapse, cost overruns, and/or litigation. For this reason, those with experience in the field make detailed plans and maintain careful oversight during the project to ensure a positive outcome.", "57274046dd62a815002e9a16": "make detailed plans and maintain careful oversight", "5a2358cc82b03a001a4aa795": "", "5a2358cc82b03a001a4aa796": "structural collapse, cost overruns, and/or litigation.", "5a2358cc82b03a001a4aa797": "", "5a2358cc82b03a001a4aa798": "", "5a25b668ef59cd001a623c76": "", "5a25b668ef59cd001a623c77": "", "5a25b668ef59cd001a623c78": "", "5a25b668ef59cd001a623c79": "", "5a25b668ef59cd001a623c7a": "", "572742bd5951b619008f8785": "local building authority regulations and codes of practice.", "572742bd5951b619008f8786": "Materials readily available in the area", "572742bd5951b619008f8787": "waste,", "572742bd5951b619008f8788": "Cost of construction on a per square meter (or per square foot) basis for houses", "5a25bb0bef59cd001a623cb2": "", "5a25bb0bef59cd001a623cb3": "", "5a25bb0bef59cd001a623cb4": "", "5a25bb0bef59cd001a623cb5": "", "5a25bb0bef59cd001a623cb6": "", "572744aff1498d1400e8f588": "3D printing technology. In a form of additive building construction, similar to the additive manufacturing techniques for manufactured parts, building printing is making it possible to flexibly construct small commercial buildings and private habitations in around 20 hours, with built-in", "572744aff1498d1400e8f589": "20 hours,", "572744aff1498d1400e8f58a": "2014", "572744aff1498d1400e8f58b": "2 metres", "5a25bd5cef59cd001a623cc4": "", "5a25bd5cef59cd001a623cc5": "", "5a25bd5cef59cd001a623cc6": "", "5a25bd5cef59cd001a623cc7": "", "5a25bd5cef59cd001a623cc8": "", "572745c6708984140094db99": "designs into reality.", "572745c6708984140094db9a": "to plan the physical proceedings, and to integrate those proceedings with the other parts.", "572745c6708984140094db9b": "the property owner.", "572745c6708984140094db9c": "a quantity surveyor.", "572745c6708984140094db9d": "the most cost efficient bidder.", "5a25c087ef59cd001a623cce": "", "5a25c087ef59cd001a623ccf": "", "5a25c087ef59cd001a623cd1": "", "5a25c087ef59cd001a623cd2": "", "57274e0d708984140094dbe5": "previously separated specialties,", "57274e0d708984140094dbe6": "entirely separate companies,", "57274e0d708984140094dbe7": "\"one-stop shopping\"", "57274e0d708984140094dbe8": "\"design build\"", "5a25c41def59cd001a623cd8": "", "5a25c41def59cd001a623cd9": "", "5a25c41def59cd001a623cda": "", "5a25c41def59cd001a623cdb": "", "5a25c41def59cd001a623cdc": "", "57274e975951b619008f87f9": "design-build, partnering and construction management.", "57274e975951b619008f87fa": "architects, interior designers, engineers and constructors", "57274e975951b619008f87fb": "establishing relationships with other necessary participants", "5a25d23bef59cd001a623ce2": "", "5a25d23bef59cd001a623ce3": "Several project structures", "5a25d23bef59cd001a623ce4": "", "5a25d23bef59cd001a623ce5": "", "5a25d23bef59cd001a623ce6": "", "57274f67708984140094dbf5": "preventable financial problems.", "57274f67708984140094dbf6": "when builders ask for too little money to complete the project.", "57274f67708984140094dbf7": "when the present amount of funding cannot cover the current costs for labour and materials,", "57274f67708984140094dbf8": "Fraud", "5a25d529ef59cd001a623cec": "", "5a25d529ef59cd001a623ced": "", "5a25d529ef59cd001a623cee": "", "5a25d529ef59cd001a623cef": "", "5a25d529ef59cd001a623cf0": "", "5727502f708984140094dc07": "Mortgage bankers, accountants, and cost engineers", "5727502f708984140094dc08": "mortgage banker", "5727502f708984140094dc09": "Accountants", "5727502f708984140094dc0a": "Cost engineers and estimators", "5727502f708984140094dc0b": "identified change orders or project changes that increased costs,", "5a25d89aef59cd001a623cf6": "", "5a25d89aef59cd001a623cf7": "", "5a25d89aef59cd001a623cf8": "", "5a25d89aef59cd001a623cf9": "", "5a25d89aef59cd001a623cfa": "", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af0": "zoning and building code requirements. Constructing a project that fails to adhere to codes does not benefit the owner. Some legal requirements come from malum in se considerations, or the desire to prevent things that are indisputably bad \u2013 bridge collapses or explosions.", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af1": "the owner.", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af2": "the desire to prevent things that are indisputably bad", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af3": "things that are a matter of custom or expectation,", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af4": "An attorney", "5a25e0a9ef59cd001a623d00": "", "5a25e0a9ef59cd001a623d01": "", "5a25e0a9ef59cd001a623d02": "", "5a25e0a9ef59cd001a623d03": "", "5a25e0a9ef59cd001a623d04": "isolating businesses to a business district and residences to a residential district.", "572751b4708984140094dc1b": "A construction project", "572751b4708984140094dc1c": "A contract", "572751b4708984140094dc1d": "a delay costs money,", "572751b4708984140094dc1e": "each side is capable of performing the obligations set out.", "572751b4708984140094dc1f": "poorly drafted contracts", "5a25e4a2ef59cd001a623d0a": "", "5a25e4a2ef59cd001a623d0b": "a delay costs money,", "5a25e4a2ef59cd001a623d0c": "", "5a25e4a2ef59cd001a623d0d": "clear", "5a25e4a2ef59cd001a623d0e": "", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0e": "relationship contracting", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0f": "Public-Private Partnering", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b10": "private finance initiatives", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b11": "co-operation", "5a25e8d5ef59cd001a623d14": "", "5a25e8d5ef59cd001a623d15": "", "5a25e8d5ef59cd001a623d16": "", "5a25e8d5ef59cd001a623d17": "", "5a25e8d5ef59cd001a623d18": "relationship contracting", "572753335951b619008f8853": "the architect or engineer", "572753335951b619008f8854": "the architect or engineer", "572753335951b619008f8855": "the architect's client and the main contractor.", "572753335951b619008f8856": "the main contractor.", "572753335951b619008f8857": "the building is ready to occupy.", "5a25eae4c93d92001a40033d": "", "5a25eae4c93d92001a40033e": "", "5a25eae4c93d92001a40033f": "", "5a25eae4c93d92001a400340": "direct contractual relationship", "5a25eae4c93d92001a400341": "", "57275411dd62a815002e9b30": "The owner", "57275411dd62a815002e9b31": "Several D&B contractors", "57275411dd62a815002e9b32": "The owner", "57275411dd62a815002e9b33": "a consortium of several contractors", "57275411dd62a815002e9b34": "they design phase 2.", "5a25eed2c93d92001a400347": "", "5a25eed2c93d92001a400348": "", "5a25eed2c93d92001a400349": "present different ideas about how to accomplish these goals.", "5a25eed2c93d92001a40034a": "", "5a25eed2c93d92001a40034b": "", "572754fff1498d1400e8f660": "contractors", "572754fff1498d1400e8f661": "damage", "572754fff1498d1400e8f662": "electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable", "572754fff1498d1400e8f663": "municipal building inspector", "572754fff1498d1400e8f664": "an occupancy permit may be issued.", "5a25f133c93d92001a400351": "", "5a25f133c93d92001a400352": "", "5a25f133c93d92001a400353": "the existing electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable facilities,", "5a25f133c93d92001a400354": "", "5a25f133c93d92001a400355": "", "572755b7708984140094dc4d": "$960 billion", "572755b7708984140094dc4e": "$680 billion", "572755b7708984140094dc4f": "667,000", "572755b7708984140094dc50": "fewer than 10", "572755b7708984140094dc51": "828,000", "5a25f38dc93d92001a40035b": "", "5a25f38dc93d92001a40035c": "", "5a25f38dc93d92001a40035d": "", "5a25f38dc93d92001a40035e": "", "5a25f38dc93d92001a40035f": "", "5727565ef1498d1400e8f674": "\u00a342,090,", "5727565ef1498d1400e8f675": "\u00a326,719", "5727565ef1498d1400e8f676": "US/Canada", "5a25f6a3c93d92001a400365": "", "5a25f6a3c93d92001a400366": "", "5a25f6a3c93d92001a400367": "", "5a25f6a3c93d92001a400368": "", "5a25f6a3c93d92001a400369": "more affluent roles are available,", "572756fe708984140094dc71": "Construction", "572756fe708984140094dc72": "Falls", "572756fe708984140094dc73": "electrocution, transportation accidents, and trench cave-ins.", "572756fe708984140094dc74": "Proper safety equipment", "5a25fa34c93d92001a40036f": "", "5a25fa34c93d92001a400370": "", "5a25fa34c93d92001a400371": "", "5a25fa34c93d92001a400372": "", "5a25fa34c93d92001a400373": "", "572746addd62a815002e9a5e": "independent schools,", "572746addd62a815002e9a5f": "academic scholarship),", "572746addd62a815002e9a60": "charging their students tuition,", "572746addd62a815002e9a61": "the right to select their students", "5a6787d4f038b7001ab0c27a": "", "5a6787d4f038b7001ab0c27b": "mandatory", "5a6787d4f038b7001ab0c27c": "", "5a6787d4f038b7001ab0c27d": "", "5a6787d4f038b7001ab0c27e": "", "57274712708984140094dbad": "more than $45,000", "57274712708984140094dbae": "'tuition-free'", "57274712708984140094dbaf": "Australia", "57274712708984140094dbb0": "", "5a678908f038b7001ab0c296": "", "5a678908f038b7001ab0c297": "", "5a678908f038b7001ab0c298": "", "5a678908f038b7001ab0c299": "'tuition-free'", "5a678908f038b7001ab0c29a": "", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59a": "lower sixth)", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59b": "(upper sixth).", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59c": "\"prep schools\",", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59d": "peer tuitions", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59e": "the best teachers", "5a678aa6f038b7001ab0c2a0": "", "5a678aa6f038b7001ab0c2a1": "", "5a678aa6f038b7001ab0c2a3": "", "5a678aa6f038b7001ab0c2a4": "", "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a4": "Roman Catholic", "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a5": "Orthodox", "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a6": "religious", "5a678dcef038b7001ab0c2ba": "denomination", "5a678dcef038b7001ab0c2bc": "", "5a678dcef038b7001ab0c2bd": "", "5a678dcef038b7001ab0c2be": "", "5727490bdd62a815002e9a82": "power of expulsion,", "5727490bdd62a815002e9a83": "a compulsory blazer.", "5727490bdd62a815002e9a84": "Private schools in Australia are always more expensive", "5a678f35f038b7001ab0c2c4": "", "5a678f35f038b7001ab0c2c5": "", "5a678f35f038b7001ab0c2c6": "", "5a678f35f038b7001ab0c2c7": "", "5a678f35f038b7001ab0c2c8": "", "57274971708984140094dbbb": "Presbyterian Church,", "57274971708984140094dbbc": "Catholic", "57274971708984140094dbbd": "(Sydney)", "57274971708984140094dbbe": "girls", "5a6790dbf038b7001ab0c2ce": "", "5a6790dbf038b7001ab0c2cf": "", "5a6790dbf038b7001ab0c2d0": "Campbelltown,", "5a6790dbf038b7001ab0c2d1": "", "5a6790dbf038b7001ab0c2d2": "", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9a": "Article 7, Paragraph 4", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9b": "second Gleichschaltung", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9c": "7.8%", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9d": "11.1%.", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9e": "0.5% to 6.1%", "5a6792f1f038b7001ab0c2ea": "", "5a6792f1f038b7001ab0c2eb": "", "5a6792f1f038b7001ab0c2ec": "to protect these schools from a second Gleichschaltung or similar event in the future.", "5a6792f1f038b7001ab0c2ed": "", "5a6792f1f038b7001ab0c2ee": "", "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bc": "Sonderungsverbot).", "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bd": "Ersatzschulen", "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5be": "very low", "5a67978ef038b7001ab0c306": "", "5a67978ef038b7001ab0c307": "segregation of pupils according to the means of their parents", "5a67978ef038b7001ab0c308": "", "5a67978ef038b7001ab0c309": "", "5a67978ef038b7001ab0c30a": "", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d4": "Erg\u00e4nzungsschulen", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d5": "vocational schools.", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d6": "by charging their students tuition fees.", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d7": "religious groups", "5a67986af038b7001ab0c310": "", "5a67986af038b7001ab0c311": "", "5a67986af038b7001ab0c312": "", "5a67986af038b7001ab0c313": "", "5a67986af038b7001ab0c314": "", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e4": "independent schools,", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e5": "CBSE", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e6": "30", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e7": "the union government", "5a6799adf038b7001ab0c31a": "", "5a6799adf038b7001ab0c31b": "", "5a6799adf038b7001ab0c31c": "", "5a6799adf038b7001ab0c31d": "", "5a6799adf038b7001ab0c31e": "", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa4": "societies", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa5": "India", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa6": "Annual Status of Education Report", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa7": "evaluates learning levels in rural India,", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa8": "English", "5a679cc7f038b7001ab0c344": "non-profit trusts and societies", "5a679cc7f038b7001ab0c345": "", "5a679cc7f038b7001ab0c346": "", "5a679cc7f038b7001ab0c347": "", "5a679cc7f038b7001ab0c348": "", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aae": "scoil phr\u00edobh\u00e1ideach)", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aaf": "unusual", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab0": "\u20ac5,000", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab1": "Society of Jesus", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab2": "\u20ac25,000 per year.", "5a679db8f038b7001ab0c34e": "", "5a679db8f038b7001ab0c34f": "", "5a679db8f038b7001ab0c350": "", "5a679db8f038b7001ab0c351": "", "5a679db8f038b7001ab0c352": "", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f6": "1957,", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f7": "Chinese", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f8": "English", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f9": "the National School system.", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5fa": "60", "5a679f83f038b7001ab0c364": "", "5a679f83f038b7001ab0c365": "", "5a679f83f038b7001ab0c366": "", "5a679f83f038b7001ab0c367": "", "5a679f83f038b7001ab0c368": "", "57274e145951b619008f87e7": "'aided' schools.", "57274e145951b619008f87e8": "fully funded by private parties. The standard and the quality of education is quite high. Technically, these would be categorized as private schools, but many of them have the name \"Public School\" appended to them, e.g.,", "57274e145951b619008f87e9": "Kathmandu.", "57274e145951b619008f87ea": "English", "57274e145951b619008f87eb": "Nepali", "5a67a1e3f038b7001ab0c388": "middle-class", "5a67a1e3f038b7001ab0c389": "middle-class", "5a67a1e3f038b7001ab0c38a": "nursery schools.", "5a67a1e3f038b7001ab0c38b": "", "5a67a1e3f038b7001ab0c38c": "", "57274eca5951b619008f87ff": "88", "57274eca5951b619008f8800": "28,000", "57274eca5951b619008f8801": "3.7%", "57274eca5951b619008f8802": "Catholic", "57274eca5951b619008f8803": "(Auckland,", "5a67a2c7f038b7001ab0c3a2": "", "5a67a2c7f038b7001ab0c3a3": "", "5a67a2c7f038b7001ab0c3a4": "", "5a67a2c7f038b7001ab0c3a5": "", "5a67a2c7f038b7001ab0c3a6": "", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61e": "Anglican,", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61f": "Wellington,", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f620": "Presbyterian,", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f621": "Christchurch.", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f622": "the Society of St Pius X", "5a67a492f038b7001ab0c3c4": "Presbyterian,", "5a67a492f038b7001ab0c3c5": "", "5a67a492f038b7001ab0c3c6": "Society of St Pius X", "5a67a492f038b7001ab0c3c7": "", "5a67a492f038b7001ab0c3c8": "", "5727500f708984140094dbfd": "7.5%", "5727500f708984140094dbfe": "32%", "5727500f708984140094dbff": "80%", "5727500f708984140094dc00": "August 1992.", "5727500f708984140094dc01": "natural science", "5a67a5d9f038b7001ab0c3dc": "", "5a67a5d9f038b7001ab0c3de": "", "5a67a5d9f038b7001ab0c3df": "", "5a67a5d9f038b7001ab0c3e0": "", "572750df5951b619008f882f": "Education Service Contracting", "572750df5951b619008f8830": "The Tuition Fee Supplement", "572750df5951b619008f8831": "Private Education Student Financial Assistance", "5a67a898f038b7001ab0c3f4": "", "5a67a898f038b7001ab0c3f5": "students enrolled in priority courses in post-secondary and non-degree programmes,", "5a67a898f038b7001ab0c3f6": "", "5a67a898f038b7001ab0c3f7": "Education Service Contracting scheme of the government provides financial assistance for tuition and other school fees of students turned away from public high schools because of enrollment overflows. The Tuition Fee Supplement is geared to students enrolled in priority courses in post-secondary and non-degree programmes, including vocational and technical courses. The Private Education Student Financial Assistance", "5a67a898f038b7001ab0c3f8": "", "5727515f708984140094dc11": "South African Schools Act of 1996", "5727515f708984140094dc12": "1996", "5727515f708984140094dc13": "independent", "5727515f708984140094dc14": "traditional private schools", "5727515f708984140094dc15": "early nineteenth century.", "5a67aa48f038b7001ab0c3fe": "", "5a67aa48f038b7001ab0c3ff": "", "5a67aa48f038b7001ab0c400": "", "5a67aa48f038b7001ab0c401": "", "5a67aa48f038b7001ab0c402": "", "57275409708984140094dc35": "government schools formerly reserved for white children..", "57275409708984140094dc36": "better", "57275409708984140094dc37": "much higher", "5a67b759f038b7001ab0c43a": "", "5a67b759f038b7001ab0c43b": "", "5a67b759f038b7001ab0c43c": "", "5a67b759f038b7001ab0c43d": "", "5a67b759f038b7001ab0c43e": "", "572754dd708984140094dc3b": "10%", "572754dd708984140094dc3c": "10,000", "572754dd708984140094dc3d": "700", "572754dd708984140094dc3e": "(\u201cThe Knowledge School\u201d),", "572754dd708984140094dc3f": "school voucher model", "5a67b94bf038b7001ab0c444": "", "5a67b94bf038b7001ab0c445": "", "5a67b94bf038b7001ab0c446": "", "5a67b94bf038b7001ab0c447": "", "5a67b94bf038b7001ab0c448": "", "572756265951b619008f886d": "13", "572756265951b619008f886e": "public schools.", "572756265951b619008f886f": "9", "572756265951b619008f8870": "13", "572756265951b619008f8871": "", "5a67d87ef038b7001ab0c48a": "", "5a67d87ef038b7001ab0c48b": "", "5a67d87ef038b7001ab0c48c": "", "5a67d87ef038b7001ab0c48d": "independent schools", "5a67d87ef038b7001ab0c48e": "\u00a327,000+ per year", "572757bef1498d1400e8f690": "Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka", "572757bef1498d1400e8f691": "\"segregation academies\"", "572757bef1498d1400e8f692": "South", "572757bef1498d1400e8f693": "white", "572757bef1498d1400e8f694": "African-American", "5a67dae18476ee001a58a738": "", "5a67dae18476ee001a58a739": "\"with all deliberate speed\",", "5a67dae18476ee001a58a73a": "", "5a67dae18476ee001a58a73b": "", "5a67dae18476ee001a58a73c": "", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6ae": "endowments,", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6af": "Establishment Clause of the First Amendment", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b0": "Blaine Amendments.", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b1": "charter", "5a67dedd8476ee001a58a74c": "", "5a67dedd8476ee001a58a74d": "", "5a67dedd8476ee001a58a74e": "", "5a67dedd8476ee001a58a74f": "", "5a67dedd8476ee001a58a750": "", "572759665951b619008f8883": "Massachusetts", "572759665951b619008f8884": "1852.", "572759665951b619008f8885": "1972", "572759665951b619008f8886": "268 U.S. 510", "572759665951b619008f8887": "McCrary,", "5a67e29c8476ee001a58a756": "", "5a67e29d8476ee001a58a757": "", "5a67e29d8476ee001a58a758": "states may set standards for educational accomplishment.", "5a67e29d8476ee001a58a759": "", "5a67e29d8476ee001a58a75a": "", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b94": "$40,000", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b95": "$50,000", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b96": "Groton School", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b97": "", "5a67e5278476ee001a58a760": "", "5a67e5278476ee001a58a761": "", "5a67e5278476ee001a58a762": "", "5a67e5278476ee001a58a763": "", "5a67e5278476ee001a58a764": "", "5727aa413acd2414000de921": "John Harvard", "5727aa413acd2414000de922": "1977", "5727aa413acd2414000de923": "James Bryant Conant", "5727aa413acd2414000de924": "Association of American Universities", "5727aa413acd2414000de925": "Charles W. Eliot's", "5a81ee4b31013a001a334f9d": "", "5a81ee4b31013a001a334f9e": "", "5a81ee4b31013a001a334f9f": "", "5a81ee4b31013a001a334fa0": "", "5a81ee4b31013a001a334fa1": "", "5727aeac3acd2414000de987": "Harvard Library,", "5727aeac3acd2414000de988": "79", "5727aeac3acd2414000de989": "over 18 million", "5727aeac3acd2414000de98a": "eight", "5727aeac3acd2414000de98b": "150", "5a81f28431013a001a334fb1": "", "5a81f28431013a001a334fb2": "", "5a81f28431013a001a334fb3": "", "5a81f28431013a001a334fb4": "", "5a81f28431013a001a334fb5": "", "5727aec03acd2414000de991": "Boston", "5727aec03acd2414000de992": "$37.6 billion", "5727aec03acd2414000de993": "Charles River", "5727aec03acd2414000de994": "eleven", "5727aec03acd2414000de995": "Harvard Yard", "5a81f0f031013a001a334fa7": "", "5a81f0f031013a001a334fa8": "", "5a81f0f031013a001a334fa9": "", "5a81f0f031013a001a334faa": "", "5a81f0f031013a001a334fab": "", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c2": "1636", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c3": "Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c4": "1638,", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c5": "1639,", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c6": "1650.", "5a81f84e31013a001a335007": "", "5a81f84e31013a001a335008": "", "5a81f84e31013a001a335009": "", "5a81f84e31013a001a33500a": "", "5a81f84e31013a001a33500b": "", "5727b0892ca10214002d93e8": "", "5727b0892ca10214002d93e9": "English university", "5727b0892ca10214002d93ea": "It was never affiliated with any particular denomination,", "5a82001531013a001a3350a1": "", "5a82001531013a001a3350a2": "", "5a82001531013a001a3350a3": "\"to advance learning and perpetuate it to posterity,", "5a82001531013a001a3350a4": "", "5a82001531013a001a3350a5": "", "5727b8df3acd2414000dea99": "1804,", "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9a": "Samuel Webber", "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9b": "1805,", "5a82025a31013a001a3350b5": "", "5a82025a31013a001a3350b6": "", "5a82025a31013a001a3350b7": "", "5a82025a31013a001a3350b8": "", "5a82025a31013a001a3350b9": "", "5727c0402ca10214002d9564": "Louis Agassiz", "5727c0402ca10214002d9565": "intuition", "5727c0402ca10214002d9566": "Thomas Reid and Dugald Stewart,", "5a8203d431013a001a3350bf": "", "5a8203d431013a001a3350c0": "", "5a8203d431013a001a3350c1": "", "5a8203d431013a001a3350c2": "", "5a8203d431013a001a3350c3": "", "5727c3b02ca10214002d95ba": "Charles W. Eliot,", "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bb": "Transcendentalist Unitarian", "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bc": "William Ellery Channing and Ralph Waldo Emerson,", "5a8205d131013a001a3350f7": "", "5a8205d131013a001a3350f8": "", "5a8205d131013a001a3350f9": "", "5a8205d131013a001a3350fa": "", "5a8205d131013a001a3350fb": "", "5727c55bff5b5019007d94ce": "", "5727c55bff5b5019007d94cf": "Conant devised programs to identify, recruit, and support talented youth.", "5727c55bff5b5019007d94d0": "1945", "5a82079731013a001a33511d": "", "5a82079731013a001a33511e": "", "5a82079731013a001a33511f": "", "5a82079731013a001a335120": "", "5a82079731013a001a335121": "", "5727c69d3acd2414000dec13": "about four men attending Harvard College for every woman", "5727c69d3acd2414000dec14": "1977", "5727c69d3acd2414000dec15": "steadily increased,", "5a8209f831013a001a335131": "", "5a8209f831013a001a335132": "", "5a8209f831013a001a335133": "", "5a8209f831013a001a335134": "", "5a8209f831013a001a335135": "", "5727c8863acd2414000dec49": "3 miles", "5727c8863acd2414000dec4a": "", "5727c8863acd2414000dec4b": "Charles River.", "5727c8863acd2414000dec4c": "half a mile", "5a820c4931013a001a335145": "", "5a820c4931013a001a335146": "", "5a820c4931013a001a335147": "", "5a820c4931013a001a335148": "", "5a820c4931013a001a335149": "", "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9576": "opposite the Cambridge campus in Allston.", "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9577": "The John W. Weeks Bridge", "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9578": "Longwood Medical and Academic Area", "5a820ebf31013a001a33516b": "", "5a820ebf31013a001a33516c": "", "5a820ebf31013a001a33516d": "", "5a820ebf31013a001a33516e": "", "5a820ebf31013a001a33516f": "", "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d72": "fifty percent", "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d73": "new and enlarged bridges, a shuttle service and/or a tram.", "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d74": "enhanced transit infrastructure, possible shuttles open to the public, and park space which will also be publicly accessible.", "5a8221dc31013a001a33522f": "", "5a8221dc31013a001a335230": "", "5a8221dc31013a001a335231": "", "5a8221dc31013a001a335232": "", "5a8221dc31013a001a335233": "transit", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f0": "2,400", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f1": "7,200", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f2": "14,000", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f3": "", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f4": "1875", "5a82237d31013a001a335243": "", "5a82237d31013a001a335244": "", "5a82237d31013a001a335245": "", "5a82237d31013a001a335246": "", "5a82237d31013a001a335247": "", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c4": "$32 billion", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c5": "about 30%", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c6": "Allston Science Complex", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c7": "$4.093 million", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c8": "$159 million", "5a8224ea31013a001a33524d": "", "5a8224ea31013a001a33524e": "", "5a8224ea31013a001a33524f": "", "5a8224ea31013a001a335250": "", "5a8224ea31013a001a335251": "", "5727d0f73acd2414000ded13": "late 1980s,", "5727d0f73acd2414000ded14": "Duke Kent-Brown.", "5727d0f73acd2414000ded15": "$230 million", "5a8225de31013a001a335261": "", "5a8225de31013a001a335262": "", "5a8225de31013a001a335263": "", "5a8225de31013a001a335264": "", "5a8225de31013a001a335265": "", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded3f": "5.3%", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded40": "2007", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded41": "believed to disadvantage low-income and under-represented minority applicants applying to selective universities,", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded42": "2016", "5a82294a31013a001a335271": "", "5a82294a31013a001a335272": "", "5a82294a31013a001a335273": "", "5a82294a31013a001a335274": "", "5a82294a31013a001a335275": "", "5727d3843acd2414000ded69": "seven", "5727d3843acd2414000ded6a": "eight", "5727d3843acd2414000ded6b": "reliance on teaching fellows", "5a822bc531013a001a335281": "", "5a822bc531013a001a335282": "", "5a822bc531013a001a335283": "", "5a822bc531013a001a335284": "", "5a822bc531013a001a335285": "", "5727d4922ca10214002d977c": "semester calendar beginning in early September and ending in mid-May.", "5727d4922ca10214002d977d": "four-course rate average", "5727d4922ca10214002d977e": "degrees summa cum laude,", "5727d4922ca10214002d977f": "60%", "5a822dc931013a001a335295": "", "5a822dc931013a001a335296": "", "5a822dc931013a001a335297": "", "5a822dc931013a001a335298": "", "5a822dc931013a001a335299": "", "5727d6154b864d1900163e34": "$38,000", "5727d6154b864d1900163e35": "$57,000", "5727d6154b864d1900163e36": "", "5727d6154b864d1900163e37": "$414 million", "5727d6154b864d1900163e38": "88%", "5a82325231013a001a3352b9": "", "5a82325231013a001a3352ba": "", "5a82325231013a001a3352bb": "", "5a82325231013a001a3352bc": "", "5a82325231013a001a3352bd": "", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969a": "Widener Library", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969b": "18 million", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969c": "", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969d": "Pusey Library", "5a8235a931013a001a3352d7": "", "5a8235a931013a001a3352d8": "", "5a8235a931013a001a3352d9": "", "5a8235a931013a001a3352da": "", "5a8235a931013a001a3352db": "", "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5e": "three", "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5f": "Western art from the Middle Ages to the present", "5727d88b4b864d1900163e60": "Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology,", "5a82370631013a001a3352e1": "", "5a82370631013a001a3352e2": "", "5a82370631013a001a3352e3": "", "5a82370631013a001a3352e4": "", "5a82370631013a001a3352e5": "", "5727d9c43acd2414000dee17": "2003", "5727d9c43acd2414000dee18": "2011", "5727d9c43acd2414000dee19": "second most commonly named \"dream college\",", "5a8238f531013a001a3352f5": "", "5a8238f531013a001a3352f6": "", "5a8238f531013a001a3352f7": "", "5a8238f531013a001a3352f8": "", "5a8238f531013a001a3352f9": "", "5727da564b864d1900163e8e": "42", "5727da564b864d1900163e8f": "Yale University", "5727da564b864d1900163e90": "every two years", "5a823a7731013a001a335309": "", "5a823a7731013a001a33530a": "", "5a823a7731013a001a33530b": "", "5a823a7731013a001a33530c": "", "5a823a7731013a001a33530d": "", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fc": "1875", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fd": "1903,", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fe": "1906", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96ff": "Yale", "5a823e6f31013a001a33532d": "", "5a823e6f31013a001a33532e": "", "5a823e6f31013a001a33532f": "", "5a823e6f31013a001a335330": "", "5a823e6f31013a001a335331": "", "5727dc473acd2414000dee43": "Lavietes Pavilion,", "5727dc473acd2414000dee44": "The Malkin Athletic Center,", "5727dc473acd2414000dee45": "three weight rooms,", "5a8241e631013a001a335361": "", "5a8241e631013a001a335362": "", "5a8241e631013a001a335363": "", "5a8241e631013a001a335364": "", "5a8241e631013a001a335365": "", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163eba": "23", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebb": "Thames River", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebc": "Cornell),", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebd": "2003", "5a82432131013a001a33536b": "", "5a82432131013a001a33536c": "", "5a82432131013a001a33536d": "", "5a82432131013a001a33536e": "", "5a82432131013a001a33536f": "", "5727de862ca10214002d9860": "Ban Ki-moon;", "5727de862ca10214002d9861": "Juan Manuel Santos;", "5727de862ca10214002d9862": "Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Figueres;", "5727de862ca10214002d9863": "", "5a82458131013a001a335387": "", "5a82458131013a001a335388": "", "5a82458131013a001a335389": "", "5a82458131013a001a33538a": "", "5a82458131013a001a33538b": "", "5727e0474b864d1900163f08": "Conan O'Brien;", "5727e0474b864d1900163f09": "Leonard Bernstein;", "5727e0474b864d1900163f0a": "Yo Yo Ma;", "5727e0474b864d1900163f0b": "W. E. B. Du Bois;", "5a8251c231013a001a3353ef": "", "5a8251c231013a001a3353f0": "", "5a8251c231013a001a3353f1": "Ryan Fitzpatrick;", "5a8251c231013a001a3353f2": "", "5a8251c231013a001a3353f3": "", "5727e21e4b864d1900163f34": "Shing-Tung Yau,", "5727e21e4b864d1900163f35": "Alan Dershowitz and Lawrence Lessig.", "5727e21e4b864d1900163f36": "Stephen Greenblatt,", "5a8257efe60761001a2eb1cf": "", "5a8257efe60761001a2eb1d0": "", "5a8257efe60761001a2eb1d1": "", "5a8257efe60761001a2eb1d2": "", "5a8257efe60761001a2eb1d3": "", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954a": "Jacksonville", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954b": "1,345,596", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954c": "12th", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954d": "Duval County,", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954e": "1968", "5a1c539bb4fb5d00187145fa": "", "5a1c539bb4fb5d00187145fb": "Duval County,", "5a1c539bb4fb5d00187145fc": "", "5a1c539bb4fb5d00187145fd": "Jacksonville", "5a1c539bb4fb5d00187145fe": "Jacksonville", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9676": "St. Johns River,", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9677": "340 miles", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9678": "Fort Caroline,", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9679": "Timucua", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d967a": "Andrew Jackson,", "5a1c55b4b4fb5d0018714605": "", "5a1c55b4b4fb5d0018714606": "", "5a1c55b4b4fb5d0018714607": "", "5a1c55b4b4fb5d0018714608": "", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958e": "third largest", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958f": "golf.", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9590": "two", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9591": "\"Jacksonvillians\" or \"Jaxsons\"", "5a1c60f0b4fb5d001871460e": "", "5a1c60f0b4fb5d001871460f": "two", "5a1c60f0b4fb5d0018714610": "", "5a1c60f0b4fb5d0018714611": "", "5a1c60f0b4fb5d0018714612": "", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bec": "thousands", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bed": "a University of North Florida team", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bee": "Timucua", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bef": "the historical era,", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bf0": "Ossachite", "5a1c6968b4fb5d0018714618": "", "5a1c6968b4fb5d0018714619": "", "5a1c6968b4fb5d001871461a": "", "5a1c6968b4fb5d001871461b": "", "5a1c6968b4fb5d001871461c": "", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c26": "Jean Ribault", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c27": "France", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c28": "Pedro Men\u00e9ndez de Avil\u00e9s", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c29": "San Mateo,", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c2a": "Fort Caroline", "5a1c6d30b4fb5d0018714622": "", "5a1c6d30b4fb5d0018714623": "near present-day Jacksonville", "5a1c6d30b4fb5d0018714624": "", "5a1c6d30b4fb5d0018714625": "", "5a1c6d30b4fb5d0018714626": "", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d06": "French and Indian War,", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d07": "constructed the King's Road connecting St.", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d08": "cattle were brought across the river there.", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d09": "Spain", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d0a": "February 9, 1832.", "5a1c8092b4fb5d001871462d": "", "5a1c8092b4fb5d001871462e": "", "5a1c8092b4fb5d0018714630": "", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c76": "Confederate cause.", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c77": "The Skirmish of the Brick Church", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c78": "Battle of Olustee", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c79": "Warfare and the long occupation", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c7a": "1864", "5a1c836ab4fb5d0018714636": "", "5a1c836ab4fb5d0018714637": "", "5a1c836ab4fb5d0018714638": "Battle of Olustee", "5a1c836ab4fb5d0018714639": "", "5a1c836ab4fb5d001871463a": "", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbc": "Reconstruction and the Gilded Age,", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbd": "Grover Cleveland", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbe": "yellow fever outbreaks. In addition, extension of the Florida East Coast Railway further south drew visitors to other areas. From 1893 to 1938 Jacksonville was the site of the Florida Old Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Home with a nearby cemetery.", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbf": "Florida East Coast Railway", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cc0": "railroad.", "5a1c850fb4fb5d001871464a": "", "5a1c850fb4fb5d001871464b": "", "5a1c850fb4fb5d001871464c": "yellow fever outbreaks.", "5a1c850fb4fb5d001871464d": "", "5a1c850fb4fb5d001871464e": "Florida East Coast Railway", "5728170d3acd2414000df443": "Spanish moss at a nearby mattress factory", "5728170d3acd2414000df444": "2,000", "5728170d3acd2414000df445": "declare martial law and sent the state militia to maintain order.", "5728170d3acd2414000df446": "\"Great Fire of 1901\",", "5a1c861fb4fb5d0018714654": "", "5a1c861fb4fb5d0018714655": "May 3, 1901,", "5a1c861fb4fb5d0018714656": "", "5a1c861fb4fb5d0018714657": "\"Great Fire of 1901\",", "5a1c861fb4fb5d0018714658": "", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d44": "New York\u2013based filmmakers", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d45": "silent film", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d46": "\"Winter Film Capital of the World\".", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d47": "Hollywood", "5a1c8753b4fb5d0018714668": "", "5a1c8753b4fb5d0018714669": "", "5a1c8753b4fb5d001871466a": "", "5a1c8753b4fb5d001871466b": "Norman Studios,", "57281ab63acd2414000df493": "", "57281ab63acd2414000df494": "55.1%", "57281ab63acd2414000df495": "\"white flight\"", "57281ab63acd2414000df496": "Mayor W. Haydon Burns'", "57281ab63acd2414000df497": "World War II.", "5a1c883cb4fb5d0018714670": "", "5a1c883cb4fb5d0018714671": "", "5a1c883cb4fb5d0018714672": "", "5a1c883cb4fb5d0018714673": "", "5a1c883cb4fb5d0018714674": "", "57281bb84b864d190016449a": "Much of the city's tax base dissipated,", "57281bb84b864d190016449b": "unincorporated suburbs", "57281bb84b864d190016449c": "annexing outlying communities", "57281bb84b864d190016449d": "Voters outside the city limits", "5a1c88d2b4fb5d001871467a": "", "5a1c88d2b4fb5d001871467b": "within the city limits.", "5a1c88d2b4fb5d001871467c": "", "5a1c88d2b4fb5d001871467d": "", "57281d494b864d19001644be": "old boy network.", "57281d494b864d19001644bf": "11", "57281d494b864d19001644c0": "Jacksonville Consolidation,", "57281d494b864d19001644c1": "all 15 of Duval County's public high schools lost their accreditation.", "5a1c8971b4fb5d0018714682": "", "5a1c8971b4fb5d0018714683": "11", "5a1c8971b4fb5d0018714684": "", "5a1c8971b4fb5d0018714685": "", "5a1c8971b4fb5d0018714686": "", "57281edd3acd2414000df4eb": "voters approved the plan.", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ec": "Hans Tanzler", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ed": "\"Bold New City of the South\"", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ee": "half-penny sales tax.", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ef": "authorized a half-penny sales tax.", "5a1c8a1eb4fb5d0018714696": "", "5a1c8a1eb4fb5d0018714697": "", "5a1c8a1eb4fb5d0018714698": "", "5a1c8a1eb4fb5d0018714699": "", "572820512ca10214002d9e72": "874.3 square miles", "572820512ca10214002d9e73": "St. Johns River", "572820512ca10214002d9e74": "Trout River,", "572820512ca10214002d9e75": "13.34%", "572820512ca10214002d9e76": "Baldwin.", "5a1c8aedb4fb5d00187146a0": "", "5a1c8aedb4fb5d00187146a1": "St. Johns River", "5a1c8aedb4fb5d00187146a2": "", "5a1c8aedb4fb5d00187146a3": "", "5a1c8aedb4fb5d00187146a4": "Baldwin.", "572821274b864d1900164510": "The tallest building in Downtown Jacksonville's skyline", "572821274b864d1900164511": "Barnett Center.", "572821274b864d1900164512": "617 ft", "572821274b864d1900164513": "28", "572821274b864d1900164514": "flared base", "5a1c8bb4b4fb5d00187146aa": "", "5a1c8bb4b4fb5d00187146ac": "", "5a1c8bb4b4fb5d00187146ad": "", "5a1c8bb4b4fb5d00187146ae": "42", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc4": "humid subtropical climate", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc5": "May through September,", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc6": "mild", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc7": "low latitude", "5a1c8c34b4fb5d00187146b4": "", "5a1c8c34b4fb5d00187146b5": "mild", "5a1c8c34b4fb5d00187146b6": "", "5a1c8c34b4fb5d00187146b7": "", "57282358ff5b5019007d9dde": "104 \u00b0F", "57282358ff5b5019007d9ddf": "thunderstorms", "57282358ff5b5019007d9de0": "extremely high humidity.", "57282358ff5b5019007d9de1": "July", "5a1c8d0bb4fb5d00187146bc": "104 \u00b0F", "5a1c8d0bb4fb5d00187146bd": "", "5a1c8d0bb4fb5d00187146be": "", "5a1c8d0bb4fb5d00187146bf": "", "572824f13acd2414000df58f": "Hurricane Dora", "572824f13acd2414000df590": "110 mph (180 km/h),", "572824f13acd2414000df591": "Tropical Storm Beryl,", "572824f13acd2414000df592": "Saffir-Simpson Scale.", "572824f13acd2414000df593": "2008", "5a1c8e0bb4fb5d00187146c4": "", "5a1c8e0bb4fb5d00187146c5": "", "5a1c8e0bb4fb5d00187146c6": "Hurricane Dora", "5a1c8e0bb4fb5d00187146c7": "Jacksonville Beach pier", "5a1c8e0bb4fb5d00187146c8": "", "572826634b864d19001645be": "Arab", "572826634b864d19001645bf": "821,784", "572826634b864d19001645c0": "largest", "572826634b864d19001645c1": "Filipino", "5a1c8ea7b4fb5d00187146ce": "", "5a1c8ea7b4fb5d00187146cf": "", "5a1c8ea7b4fb5d00187146d0": "", "5a1c8ea7b4fb5d00187146d1": "2000", "5a1c8ea7b4fb5d00187146d2": "", "572827fc3acd2414000df5bb": "29.7%", "572827fc3acd2414000df5bc": "23.9%", "572827fc3acd2414000df5bd": "females", "572827fc3acd2414000df5be": "", "5a1c8f54b4fb5d00187146d8": "", "5a1c8f54b4fb5d00187146d9": "65", "5a1c8f54b4fb5d00187146da": "", "5a1c8f54b4fb5d00187146db": "", "5a1c8f54b4fb5d00187146dc": "", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ee": "40%", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ef": "3.5 billion", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f0": "$759,900", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f1": "by using net wealth (adding up assets and subtracting debts),", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f2": "Oxfam's claims have however been questioned on the basis of the methodology used:", "5729d36b1d04691400779607": "40%", "5729d36b1d04691400779608": "financial assets", "5729d36b1d04691400779609": "$41 trillion", "5729d36b1d0469140077960a": "more than half", "5729d36b1d0469140077960b": "a greater tendency to take on debts).[unreliable", "5ad242e5d7d075001a4289a4": "40%", "5ad242e5d7d075001a4289a5": "", "5ad242e5d7d075001a4289a6": "", "5ad242e5d7d075001a4289a7": "", "5ad242e5d7d075001a4289a8": "", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc0": "the top 400", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc1": "the New York Times", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc2": "Inherited wealth", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc3": "Inherited wealth", "5729d44b1d04691400779611": "wealth", "5729d44b1d04691400779612": "\"richest 1 percent", "5729d44b1d04691400779613": "Inherited wealth", "5729d44b1d04691400779614": "\"over 60 percent\"", "5729d44b1d04691400779615": "Institute for Policy Studies,", "5ad2434fd7d075001a4289d6": "", "5ad2434fd7d075001a4289d7": "the New York Times", "5ad2434fd7d075001a4289d8": "", "5ad2434fd7d075001a4289d9": "", "5ad2434fd7d075001a4289da": "", "5727e9523acd2414000def95": "Neoclassical", "5727e9523acd2414000def96": "differences in value added by labor, capital and land.", "5727e9523acd2414000def97": "differences in value added by different classifications of workers.", "5727e9523acd2414000def98": "inequality", "5727e9523acd2414000def99": "by the marginal value added of each economic actor", "5729d51d3f37b3190047858f": "differences in value added by labor, capital and land.", "5729d51d3f37b31900478590": "differences in value added by different classifications of workers. In this perspective, wages and profits are determined by the marginal value added of each economic actor (worker, capitalist/business owner, landlord). Thus, in a market economy, inequality is a reflection of the productivity gap between highly-paid professions and lower-paid", "5729d51d3f37b31900478591": "wages and profits", "5729d51d3f37b31900478592": "(worker, capitalist/business owner, landlord).", "5729d51d3f37b31900478593": "productivity gap between highly-paid", "5ad243a7d7d075001a428a06": "", "5ad243a7d7d075001a428a07": "", "5ad243a7d7d075001a428a08": "", "5ad243a7d7d075001a428a09": "inequality", "5ad243a7d7d075001a428a0a": "", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986e": "", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986f": "", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9870": "unemployment", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9871": "", "5729d609af94a219006aa661": "labor inputs", "5729d609af94a219006aa662": "to reduce costs and maximize profits.", "5729d609af94a219006aa663": "capitalist firms increasingly substitute capital equipment for labor inputs", "5729d609af94a219006aa664": "productivity", "5729d609af94a219006aa665": "stagnant wages", "5ad2442bd7d075001a428a3c": "", "5ad2442bd7d075001a428a3d": "", "5ad2442bd7d075001a428a3e": "", "5ad2442bd7d075001a428a3f": "", "5ad2442bd7d075001a428a40": "", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b6": "", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b7": "law of supply and demand,", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b8": "their business is chronically understaffed.", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b9": "offering a higher wage", "5727ec062ca10214002d99ba": "unfair.\"", "5729d878af94a219006aa66b": "the market.", "5729d878af94a219006aa66c": "prices", "5729d878af94a219006aa66d": "wages", "5729d878af94a219006aa66e": "markets", "5729d878af94a219006aa66f": "high levels of inequality,", "5ad2461ad7d075001a428ad2": "", "5ad2461ad7d075001a428ad3": "", "5ad2461ad7d075001a428ad4": "", "5ad2461ad7d075001a428ad5": "", "5ad2461ad7d075001a428ad6": "", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df001": "Competition amongst employers", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df002": "(low demand)", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df003": "high wages", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df004": "collective bargaining, political influence, or corruption.", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df005": "collective bargaining, political influence, or corruption.", "5729da0faf94a219006aa675": "low wage", "5729da0faf94a219006aa676": "competition between workers", "5729da0faf94a219006aa677": "the expendable nature of the worker in relation to his or her particular job.", "5729da0faf94a219006aa678": "high wages", "5729da0faf94a219006aa679": "", "5ad2467ad7d075001a428af6": "competition between workers", "5ad2467ad7d075001a428af7": "(high supply) competing for a job that few require (low demand)", "5ad2467ad7d075001a428af8": "", "5ad2467ad7d075001a428af9": "", "5ad2467ad7d075001a428afa": "", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ec": "entrepreneurship rates", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ed": "Necessity-based entrepreneurship", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ee": "push", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ef": "", "5727ee372ca10214002d99f0": "opportunity-based entrepreneurship", "5729de24af94a219006aa689": "higher economic inequality", "5729de24af94a219006aa68a": "necessity", "5729de24af94a219006aa68b": "Necessity-based entrepreneurship", "5729de24af94a219006aa68c": "achievement-oriented motivations (\"pull\")", "5729de24af94a219006aa68d": "positive", "5ad2472bd7d075001a428b22": "", "5ad2472bd7d075001a428b23": "", "5ad2472bd7d075001a428b24": "", "5ad2472bd7d075001a428b25": "", "5ad2472bd7d075001a428b26": "", "5727ef664b864d1900164060": "progressive tax", "5727ef664b864d1900164061": "top tax rate", "5727ef664b864d1900164062": "steeper tax progressivity applied to social spending", "5727ef664b864d1900164063": "progressive tax system,", "5729e02f1d04691400779639": "tax rate", "5729e02f1d0469140077963a": "the level of the top tax rate", "5729e02f1d0469140077963b": "steeper tax progressivity applied to social spending", "5729e02f1d0469140077963c": "", "5ad247b0d7d075001a428b42": "", "5ad247b0d7d075001a428b43": "", "5ad247b0d7d075001a428b44": "", "5ad247b0d7d075001a428b45": "", "5ad247b0d7d075001a428b46": "", "5727f05b4b864d1900164068": "Education", "5727f05b4b864d1900164069": "", "5727f05b4b864d190016406a": "lower incomes,", "5727f05b4b864d190016406b": "", "5727f05b4b864d190016406c": "", "5729e1101d04691400779641": "variation in individuals' access to education.", "5729e1101d04691400779642": "high wages", "5729e1101d04691400779643": "much lower", "5729e1101d04691400779644": "lower incomes,", "5729e1101d04691400779645": "education", "5ad24840d7d075001a428b5c": "", "5ad24840d7d075001a428b5d": "", "5ad24840d7d075001a428b5e": "", "5ad24840d7d075001a428b5f": "", "5ad24840d7d075001a428b60": "", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05b": "", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05c": "$105 billion", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05d": "boom-and-bust cycles.", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05e": "economists with the Standard & Poor's", "5729e1e36aef0514001550ba": "2014", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bb": "2014", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bc": "increasing access to education.", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bd": "$105 billion", "5729e1e36aef0514001550be": "boom-and-bust cycles.", "5ad248e0d7d075001a428b82": "", "5ad248e0d7d075001a428b83": "", "5ad248e0d7d075001a428b84": "", "5ad248e0d7d075001a428b85": "", "5ad248e0d7d075001a428b86": "", "5727f2714b864d1900164072": "1910\u20131940,", "5727f2714b864d1900164073": "increase in skilled workers,", "5727f2714b864d1900164074": "decrease", "5727f2714b864d1900164075": "", "5727f2714b864d1900164076": "", "5729e2b76aef0514001550ce": "1910\u20131940,", "5729e2b76aef0514001550cf": "decrease in the price of skilled labor.", "5729e2b76aef0514001550d0": "designed to equip students with necessary skill sets to be able to perform at work.", "5729e2b76aef0514001550d1": "Education", "5729e2b76aef0514001550d2": "gender inequality in education,", "5ad24b96d7d075001a428bee": "", "5ad24b96d7d075001a428bef": "", "5ad24b96d7d075001a428bf0": "", "5ad24b96d7d075001a428bf1": "", "5ad24b96d7d075001a428bf2": "", "5727f6723acd2414000df0e7": "union", "5727f6723acd2414000df0e8": "continental European countries", "5727f6723acd2414000df0e9": "", "5727f6723acd2414000df0ea": "little support", "5729e38daf94a219006aa69d": "economic inequality.", "5729e38daf94a219006aa69e": "social exclusion,", "5729e38daf94a219006aa69f": "the CEPR", "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a0": "little", "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a1": "lower", "5ad24e50d7d075001a428c3a": "", "5ad24e50d7d075001a428c3b": "continental European countries", "5ad24e50d7d075001a428c3c": "", "5ad24e50d7d075001a428c3d": "", "5ad24e50d7d075001a428c3e": "", "5727f7523acd2414000df10d": "Scandinavia,", "5727f7523acd2414000df10e": "high inequality", "5727f7523acd2414000df10f": "decline of organized labor", "5727f7523acd2414000df110": "decline of organized labor", "5729e4291d04691400779651": "Sociologist", "5729e4291d04691400779652": "University of Washington", "5729e4291d04691400779653": "decline of organized labor", "5729e4291d04691400779654": "", "5729e4291d04691400779655": "weak labor movements", "5ad24efad7d075001a428c74": "", "5ad24efad7d075001a428c75": "", "5ad24efad7d075001a428c76": "", "5ad24efad7d075001a428c77": "", "5ad24efad7d075001a428c78": "", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a18": "reduced wages", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a19": "reduced wages", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1a": "technological innovation,", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1b": "", "5729f1283f37b319004785d7": "global to a domestic scale.", "5729f1283f37b319004785d8": "low-skilled workers in the poor countries", "5729f1283f37b319004785d9": "trade liberalisation", "5729f1283f37b319004785da": "minor", "5729f1283f37b319004785db": "machine labor", "5ad24fb7d7d075001a428c92": "increased wages.", "5ad24fb7d7d075001a428c93": "technological innovation,", "5ad24fb7d7d075001a428c94": "", "5ad24fb7d7d075001a428c95": "", "5727fd123acd2414000df185": "53%", "5727fd123acd2414000df186": "-40%", "5727fd123acd2414000df187": "women not taking jobs due to marriage or pregnancy,", "5727fd123acd2414000df188": "males", "5729f1c13f37b319004785e7": "Gender", "5729f1c13f37b319004785e8": "males", "5729f1c13f37b319004785e9": "women", "5729f1c13f37b319004785ea": "Thomas Sowell,", "5729f1c13f37b319004785eb": "a difference", "5ad258f3d7d075001a428de4": "", "5ad258f3d7d075001a428de5": "", "5ad258f3d7d075001a428de6": "", "5ad258f3d7d075001a428de7": "", "5ad258f3d7d075001a428de8": "", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ab": "social welfare programs,", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ac": "", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ad": "owners of this capital having more wealth and income", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ae": "social welfare programs,", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6dd": "Economist", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6de": "levels of economic inequality", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6df": "capital", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e0": "more wealth and income", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e1": "more developed countries move back to lower levels of inequality.", "5ad2594ed7d075001a428df8": "", "5ad2594ed7d075001a428df9": "", "5ad2594ed7d075001a428dfa": "", "5ad2594ed7d075001a428dfb": "it acquires more capital,", "5ad2594ed7d075001a428dfc": "", "57287b322ca10214002da3be": "1910 to 1940", "57287b322ca10214002da3bf": "after the 1970s.", "57287b322ca10214002da3c0": "", "57287b322ca10214002da3c1": "", "5729f3883f37b319004785f1": "Kuznets", "5729f3883f37b319004785f2": "the Kuznets curve.", "5729f3883f37b319004785f3": "very weak.", "5729f3883f37b319004785f4": "eventually decrease", "5729f3883f37b319004785f5": "the move from the manufacturing sector to the service sector.[citation", "5ad259fdd7d075001a428e26": "", "5ad259fdd7d075001a428e27": "", "5ad259fdd7d075001a428e28": "", "5ad259fdd7d075001a428e29": "", "5ad259fdd7d075001a428e2a": "", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26c": "Wealth concentration", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26d": "have the means to invest in new sources of creating wealth or to otherwise leverage the accumulation of wealth,", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26e": "wealth condensation", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26f": "larger fortunes", "5729f4273f37b319004785fb": "in the possession of already-wealthy individuals or entities.", "5729f4273f37b319004785fc": "already-wealthy individuals or entities. According to this theory, those who already hold wealth", "5729f4273f37b319004785fd": "wealth condensation", "5729f4273f37b319004785fe": "Thomas Piketty", "5729f4273f37b319004785ff": "higher returns", "5ad25a8bd7d075001a428e30": "", "5ad25a8bd7d075001a428e31": "", "5ad25a8bd7d075001a428e32": "", "5ad25a8bd7d075001a428e33": "", "5ad25a8bd7d075001a428e34": "", "5729f4e46aef051400155156": "Economist", "5729f4e46aef051400155157": "market forces", "5729f4e46aef051400155158": "rare and desired skills", "5729f4e46aef051400155159": "political power", "5729f4e46aef05140015515a": "rent-seeking", "5ad25af2d7d075001a428e52": "", "5ad25af2d7d075001a428e53": "", "5ad25af2d7d075001a428e54": "", "5ad25af2d7d075001a428e55": "", "5ad25af2d7d075001a428e56": "", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6ef": "inequality", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f0": "human capital is neglected", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f1": "life expectancy", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f2": "inequality", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f3": "(r = -.620).", "5ad25c56d7d075001a428e9a": "", "5ad25c56d7d075001a428e9b": "", "5ad25c56d7d075001a428e9c": "", "5ad25c56d7d075001a428e9d": "", "5ad25c56d7d075001a428e9e": "(r = -.620).", "572a05eb3f37b31900478653": "2013", "572a05eb3f37b31900478654": "rising inequality", "572a05eb3f37b31900478655": "negative", "572a05eb3f37b31900478656": "Unemployment", "572a05eb3f37b31900478657": "economic", "5ad25cced7d075001a428ec6": "", "5ad25cced7d075001a428ec7": "", "5ad25cced7d075001a428ec8": "", "5ad25cced7d075001a428ec9": "", "5ad25cced7d075001a428eca": "", "572a06866aef0514001551be": "British", "572a06866aef0514001551bf": "higher", "572a06866aef0514001551c0": "lower", "572a06866aef0514001551c1": "equality", "572a06866aef0514001551c2": "23", "5ad25d39d7d075001a428ed8": "", "5ad25d39d7d075001a428ed9": "", "5ad25d39d7d075001a428eda": "", "5ad25d39d7d075001a428edb": "inequality.", "5ad25d39d7d075001a428edc": "", "572a070c6aef0514001551c8": "better health and longer lives.", "572a070c6aef0514001551c9": "among poorer countries,", "572a070c6aef0514001551ca": "life expectancy", "572a070c6aef0514001551cb": "Americans", "572a070c6aef0514001551cc": "equally distributed", "5ad25eead7d075001a428f4c": "", "5ad25eead7d075001a428f4d": "", "5ad25eead7d075001a428f4e": "", "5ad25eead7d075001a428f4f": "", "5ad25eead7d075001a428f50": "", "572a07a86aef0514001551d2": "income inequality.", "572a07a86aef0514001551d3": "Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett", "572a07a86aef0514001551d4": "nine", "572a07a86aef0514001551d5": "countries with bigger income inequalities\",", "572a07a86aef0514001551d6": "greater equality", "5ad25f42d7d075001a428f72": "", "5ad25f42d7d075001a428f73": "", "5ad25f42d7d075001a428f74": "", "5ad25f42d7d075001a428f75": "", "5ad25f42d7d075001a428f76": "", "572a0a391d046914007796df": "inequality", "572a0a391d046914007796e0": "homicides", "572a0a391d046914007796e1": "fifty", "572a0a391d046914007796e2": "tenfold", "572a0a391d046914007796e3": "differences in the amount of inequality in each province or state.", "5ad25fcbd7d075001a428f8c": "", "5ad25fcbd7d075001a428f8d": "", "5ad25fcbd7d075001a428f8e": "", "5ad25fcbd7d075001a428f8f": "", "5ad25fcbd7d075001a428f90": "", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa765": "the greatest good", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa766": "", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa767": "basic necessities like food, water, and healthcare;", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa768": "decreases", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa769": "higher aggregate utility.", "5ad260dbd7d075001a428fd8": "", "5ad260dbd7d075001a428fd9": "", "5ad260dbd7d075001a428fda": "luxury items providing relatively less utility", "5ad260dbd7d075001a428fdb": "", "5ad260dbd7d075001a428fdc": "", "572a0c541d046914007796f3": "consumption,", "572a0c541d046914007796f4": "libertarian", "572a0c541d046914007796f5": "2001", "572a0c541d046914007796f6": "Thomas B. Edsall.", "572a0c541d046914007796f7": "journalist", "5ad2616fd7d075001a429036": "", "5ad2616fd7d075001a429037": "", "5ad2616fd7d075001a429038": "", "5ad2616fd7d075001a429039": "", "5ad2616fd7d075001a42903a": "", "572a0d21af94a219006aa783": "Central Banking economist", "572a0d21af94a219006aa784": "\"systematic economic inequalities,", "572a0d21af94a219006aa785": "the Financial crisis of 2007\u201308", "572a0d21af94a219006aa786": "easier credit", "572a0d21af94a219006aa787": "political pressure has developed to extend easier credit to the lower and middle income earners \u2013 particularly to buy homes", "5ad261cfd7d075001a429062": "", "5ad261cfd7d075001a429063": "", "5ad261cfd7d075001a429064": "", "5ad261cfd7d075001a429065": "", "5ad261cfd7d075001a429066": "", "572a0e0e1d04691400779707": "inequality in wealth and income", "572a0e0e1d04691400779708": "the quality of a country's institutions and high levels of education.", "572a0e0e1d04691400779709": "declines", "572a0e0e1d0469140077970a": "higher GDP growth.", "572a0e0e1d0469140077970b": "The poor and the middle class", "5ad2623dd7d075001a429092": "", "5ad2623dd7d075001a429093": "", "5ad2623dd7d075001a429094": "", "5ad2623dd7d075001a429095": "", "5ad2623dd7d075001a429096": "", "572a0ecb1d04691400779717": "economists", "572a0ecb1d04691400779718": "economic growth.", "572a0ecb1d04691400779719": "long-", "572a0ecb1d0469140077971a": "it is a waste of resources,", "572a0ecb1d0469140077971b": "inequality-associated effects", "5ad262aad7d075001a4290c0": "", "5ad262aad7d075001a4290c1": "", "5ad262aad7d075001a4290c2": "", "5ad262aad7d075001a4290c3": "", "5ad262aad7d075001a4290c4": "", "572a1046af94a219006aa78d": "prevent growth by limiting aggregate demand.", "572a1046af94a219006aa78e": "limiting aggregate demand.", "572a1046af94a219006aa78f": "", "572a1046af94a219006aa790": "increasing importance of human capital in development.", "572a1046af94a219006aa791": "widespread education", "5ad262ffd7d075001a4290e4": "", "5ad262ffd7d075001a4290e5": "", "5ad262ffd7d075001a4290e6": "", "5ad262ffd7d075001a4290e7": "", "572a11663f37b31900478693": "1993", "572a11663f37b31900478694": "long lasting detrimental", "572a11663f37b31900478695": "the channels through which inequality may affect economic growth.", "572a11663f37b31900478696": "redistributive taxation,", "572a11663f37b31900478697": "politically and socially unstable,", "5ad26367d7d075001a4290fe": "", "5ad26367d7d075001a4290ff": "", "5ad26367d7d075001a429100": "", "5ad26367d7d075001a429101": "human capital formation", "5ad26367d7d075001a429102": "", "572a12381d0469140077972b": "Harvard", "572a12381d0469140077972c": "growth and investment\".", "572a12381d0469140077972d": "reduce", "572a12381d0469140077972e": "encourage", "572a12381d0469140077972f": "between 1960 and 2000", "5ad26420d7d075001a429134": "", "5ad26420d7d075001a429135": "", "5ad26420d7d075001a429136": "encourage", "5ad26420d7d075001a429137": "", "5ad26420d7d075001a429138": "", "572a13841d0469140077973b": "the Kuznets curve hypothesis,", "572a13841d0469140077973c": "first increases,", "572a13841d0469140077973d": "Thomas Piketty", "572a13841d0469140077973e": "Economist", "572a13841d0469140077973f": "wars and \"violent economic and political shocks\"", "5ad2647bd7d075001a429156": "", "5ad2647bd7d075001a429157": "", "5ad2647bd7d075001a429158": "", "5ad2647bd7d075001a429159": "", "5ad2647bd7d075001a42915a": "", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7df": "the 1970s", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e0": "reduced consumer demand.", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e1": "risen with increased income inequality.", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e2": "several years", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e3": "more equality in the income distribution.\"", "5ad264e2d7d075001a42917c": "", "5ad264e2d7d075001a42917d": "", "5ad264e2d7d075001a42917e": "", "5ad264e2d7d075001a42917f": "", "5ad264e2d7d075001a429180": "", "572a1a5c6aef051400155284": "special efforts", "572a1a5c6aef051400155285": "existing level of inequality.", "572a1a5c6aef051400155286": "nearly 60 years", "572a1a5c6aef051400155287": "the United Nations", "572a1a5c6aef051400155288": "reducing poverty.\"", "5ad2654fd7d075001a4291a8": "", "5ad2654fd7d075001a4291a9": "", "5ad2654fd7d075001a4291aa": "", "5ad2654fd7d075001a4291ab": "", "5ad2654fd7d075001a4291ac": "", "572a1ba46aef05140015528e": "land and housing", "572a1ba46aef05140015528f": "through various associations and other arrangements.", "572a1ba46aef051400155290": "extra-legal", "572a1ba46aef051400155291": "200", "572a1ba46aef051400155292": "government land.", "5ad265d2d7d075001a4291c6": "", "5ad265d2d7d075001a4291c7": "", "5ad265d2d7d075001a4291c8": "", "5ad265d2d7d075001a4291c9": "", "5ad265d2d7d075001a4291ca": "", "572a1c943f37b319004786e1": "affordable housing", "572a1c943f37b319004786e2": "quality rental units", "572a1c943f37b319004786e3": "", "572a1c943f37b319004786e4": "gentrification of older neighbourhoods,", "572a1c943f37b319004786e5": "ad valorem property tax policy", "5ad266efd7d075001a4291f4": "", "5ad266efd7d075001a4291f5": "", "5ad266efd7d075001a4291f6": "landlords found new residents willing to pay higher market rate for housing", "5ad266efd7d075001a4291f7": "", "5ad266efd7d075001a4291f8": "", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f5": "by everyone,", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f6": "finances.", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f7": "aspirational consumption", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f8": "taking on debt.", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f9": "economic instability.", "5ad2676ed7d075001a429210": "", "5ad2676ed7d075001a429211": "", "5ad2676ed7d075001a429212": "", "5ad2676ed7d075001a429213": "taking on debt.", "5ad2676ed7d075001a429214": "", "572a1f086aef0514001552c0": "", "572a1f086aef0514001552c1": "environmental degradation", "572a1f086aef0514001552c2": "environmental degradation", "572a1f086aef0514001552c3": "If (as WWF argued), population levels would start to drop to a sustainable level", "5ad267e2d7d075001a429246": "", "5ad267e2d7d075001a429247": "", "5ad267e2d7d075001a429248": "", "5ad267e2d7d075001a429249": "", "5ad267e2d7d075001a42924a": "", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d0": "private ownership of the means of production by a class of owners,", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d1": "a small portion of the population lives off unearned property income", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d2": "wage or salary.", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d3": "socially", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d4": "reflective", "5ad2684bd7d075001a429262": "", "5ad2684bd7d075001a429263": "", "5ad2684bd7d075001a429264": "", "5ad2684bd7d075001a429265": "", "5ad2684bd7d075001a429266": "", "572a20816aef0514001552e4": "Robert Nozick", "572a20816aef0514001552e5": "taxation),", "572a20816aef0514001552e6": "force", "572a20816aef0514001552e7": "forceful taking of property,", "572a20816aef0514001552e8": "when they improve society as a whole,", "5ad268b2d7d075001a429288": "", "5ad268b2d7d075001a429289": "", "5ad268b2d7d075001a42928a": "", "5ad268b2d7d075001a42928b": "", "5ad268b2d7d075001a42928c": "", "572a213e6aef0514001552ee": "\u201ccapability deprivation\u201d.", "572a213e6aef0514001552ef": "the end itself.", "572a213e6aef0514001552f0": "\u201cwid[en] people\u2019s choices and the level of their achieved well-being\u201d", "572a213e6aef0514001552f1": "through increasing functionings (the things a person values doing), capabilities", "572a213e6aef0514001552f2": "(the ability to pursue valued goals).", "5ad2690ed7d075001a4292b0": "", "5ad2690ed7d075001a4292b1": "", "5ad2690ed7d075001a4292b2": "", "5ad2690ed7d075001a4292b3": "", "5ad2690ed7d075001a4292b4": "", "572a2224af94a219006aa823": "they are in some way deprived of earning as much income as they would otherwise.", "572a2224af94a219006aa824": "", "572a2224af94a219006aa825": "gender roles and customs", "572a2224af94a219006aa826": "fear of their lives.", "572a2224af94a219006aa827": "a better relevant income.", "5ad26964d7d075001a4292cc": "", "5ad26964d7d075001a4292cd": "", "5ad26964d7d075001a4292ce": "", "5ad26964d7d075001a4292cf": "", "5ad26964d7d075001a4292d0": "", "57283c464b864d19001647c8": "private research university", "57283c464b864d19001647c9": "1890,", "57283c464b864d19001647ca": "seven", "57283c464b864d19001647cb": "four", "57283c464b864d19001647cc": "15,000", "5acf774877cf76001a684e96": "", "5acf774877cf76001a684e97": "", "5acf774877cf76001a684e98": "", "5acf774877cf76001a684e99": "", "5acf774877cf76001a684e9a": "", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbc": "various academic disciplines,", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbd": "Chicago's physics department", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbe": "beneath the university's Stagg Field.", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbf": "University of Chicago Press,", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fc0": "2020", "5acf782877cf76001a684eb2": "", "5acf782877cf76001a684eb3": "", "5acf782877cf76001a684eb4": "", "5acf782877cf76001a684eb5": "", "5acf782877cf76001a684eb6": "", "57283f014b864d19001647e8": "American Baptist Education Society", "57283f014b864d19001647e9": "John D. Rockefeller,", "57283f014b864d19001647ea": "William Rainey Harper", "57283f014b864d19001647eb": "1891,", "57283f014b864d19001647ec": "1892.", "5acf7dcf77cf76001a684f7a": "", "5acf7dcf77cf76001a684f7b": "", "5acf7dcf77cf76001a684f7c": "", "5acf7dcf77cf76001a684f7d": "", "5acf7dcf77cf76001a684f7e": "", "57284142ff5b5019007da00a": "Marshall Field.", "57284142ff5b5019007da00b": "Silas B. Cobb", "57284142ff5b5019007da00c": "Cobb Lecture Hall,", "57284142ff5b5019007da00d": "", "57284142ff5b5019007da00e": "Charles L. Hutchinson", "5acf7ecb77cf76001a684fa2": "", "5acf7ecb77cf76001a684fa3": "", "5acf7ecb77cf76001a684fa4": "", "5acf7ecb77cf76001a684fa5": "Walker Museum,", "5acf7ecb77cf76001a684fa6": "", "572843304b864d1900164848": "", "572843304b864d1900164849": "1896,", "572843304b864d190016484a": "made a grade of A for all four years,", "572843304b864d190016484b": "Several University of Chicago professors", "572843304b864d190016484c": "1910.", "5acf7fdf77cf76001a684fd4": "", "5acf7fdf77cf76001a684fd5": "Mount Carroll,", "5acf7fdf77cf76001a684fd6": "affiliated", "5acf7fdf77cf76001a684fd7": "", "57284456ff5b5019007da05c": "Robert Maynard Hutchins,", "57284456ff5b5019007da05d": "1929,", "57284456ff5b5019007da05e": "24-year", "57284456ff5b5019007da05f": "to emphasize academics over athletics,", "57284456ff5b5019007da060": "the Common Core,", "5acf808877cf76001a685004": "", "5acf808877cf76001a685005": "", "5acf808877cf76001a685006": "", "5acf808877cf76001a685007": "", "5acf808877cf76001a685008": "", "57284618ff5b5019007da0a8": "", "57284618ff5b5019007da0a9": "increasing crime and poverty in the Hyde Park neighborhood.", "57284618ff5b5019007da0aa": "after their second year,", "57284618ff5b5019007da0ab": "Hyde Park", "57284618ff5b5019007da0ac": "allowed very young students to attend college;", "5acf82c277cf76001a685064": "", "5acf82c277cf76001a685065": "", "5acf82c277cf76001a685066": "", "5acf82c277cf76001a685067": "", "5acf82c277cf76001a685068": "", "572847ff3acd2414000df869": "1962,", "572847ff3acd2414000df86a": "the university's off-campus rental policies.", "572847ff3acd2414000df86b": "1967", "572847ff3acd2414000df86c": "two", "572847ff3acd2414000df86d": "\"social and political action,\"", "5acf86ff77cf76001a6850f8": "", "5acf86ff77cf76001a6850f9": "", "5acf86ff77cf76001a6850fa": "", "5acf86ff77cf76001a6850fb": "", "5acf86ff77cf76001a6850fc": "", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f2": "mid-2000s,", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f3": "Milton Friedman Institute", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f4": "$200 million", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f5": "Chicago Theological Seminary.", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f6": "David G. Booth", "5acf879f77cf76001a68511c": "", "5acf879f77cf76001a68511d": "", "5acf879f77cf76001a68511e": "", "5acf879f77cf76001a68511f": "", "5acf879f77cf76001a685120": "", "57284b904b864d19001648e2": "Main Quadrangles,", "57284b904b864d19001648e3": "six", "57284b904b864d19001648e4": "Cobb, Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge, Holabird & Roche, and other architectural firms", "57284b904b864d19001648e5": "Magdalen Tower,", "57284b904b864d19001648e6": "Christ Church Hall.)", "5acf8b1177cf76001a68518e": "", "5acf8b1177cf76001a68518f": "", "5acf8b1177cf76001a685190": "", "5acf8b1177cf76001a685191": "", "57284d484b864d1900164900": "1940s,", "57284d484b864d1900164901": "Eero Saarinen", "57284d484b864d1900164902": "School of Social Service Administration;,", "57284d484b864d1900164903": "Harris School of Public Policy Studies", "57284d484b864d1900164904": "2003", "5acf8bbd77cf76001a6851b2": "", "5acf8bbd77cf76001a6851b3": "", "5acf8bbd77cf76001a6851b4": "", "5acf8bbd77cf76001a6851b5": "", "5acf8bbd77cf76001a6851b6": "", "57284e9fff5b5019007da150": "Singapore, London, and the downtown Streeterville neighborhood of Chicago.", "57284e9fff5b5019007da151": "the Seine", "57284e9fff5b5019007da152": "2010", "57284e9fff5b5019007da153": "Renmin University's", "57284e9fff5b5019007da154": "2015", "5acf8c4b77cf76001a6851bc": "", "5acf8c4b77cf76001a6851bd": "", "5acf8c4b77cf76001a6851be": "", "5acf8c4b77cf76001a6851bf": "", "5acf8c4b77cf76001a6851c0": "", "5728501aff5b5019007da166": "a board of trustees.", "5728501aff5b5019007da167": "50", "5728501aff5b5019007da168": "fourteen", "5728501aff5b5019007da169": "Andrew Alper,", "5728501aff5b5019007da16a": "Daniel Diermeier.", "5acf8d4077cf76001a6851f6": "", "5acf8d4077cf76001a6851f7": "", "5acf8d4077cf76001a6851f8": "", "5acf8d4077cf76001a6851f9": "", "5acf8d4077cf76001a6851fa": "", "5728510f4b864d1900164936": "The Higher Learning Commission.", "5728510f4b864d1900164937": "four", "5728510f4b864d1900164938": "seven", "5acf900177cf76001a68527e": "", "5acf900177cf76001a68527f": "", "5acf900177cf76001a685280": "", "5acf900177cf76001a685281": "", "5acf900177cf76001a685282": "", "57285213ff5b5019007da180": "50", "57285213ff5b5019007da181": "28", "57285213ff5b5019007da182": "five", "57285213ff5b5019007da183": "New Collegiate Division.", "5acf941b77cf76001a68532e": "", "5acf941b77cf76001a68532f": "", "5acf941b77cf76001a685330": "", "5acf941b77cf76001a685331": "", "5acf941b77cf76001a685332": "", "572853e8ff5b5019007da188": "the Common Core.", "572853e8ff5b5019007da189": "17", "572853e8ff5b5019007da18a": "rigorous, intense", "572853e8ff5b5019007da18b": "Uni in the USA,", "5acf974277cf76001a6853a8": "", "5acf974277cf76001a6853a9": "", "5acf974277cf76001a6853aa": "", "5acf974277cf76001a6853ab": "", "5acf974277cf76001a6853ac": "", "572855973acd2414000df925": "University of Chicago Laboratory Schools", "572855973acd2414000df926": "Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School", "572855973acd2414000df927": "four", "572855973acd2414000df928": "four public charter schools", "572855973acd2414000df929": "University of Chicago campus.", "5acf98ad77cf76001a6853c6": "", "5acf98ad77cf76001a6853c7": "", "5acf98ad77cf76001a6853c8": "", "5acf98ad77cf76001a6853c9": "", "5acf98ad77cf76001a6853ca": "", "572856beff5b5019007da190": "six", "572856beff5b5019007da191": "9.8 million", "572856beff5b5019007da192": "Regenstein Library,", "572856beff5b5019007da193": "2011", "572856beff5b5019007da194": "1.3 million", "5acf99b577cf76001a6853ee": "", "5acf99b577cf76001a6853ef": "", "5acf99b577cf76001a6853f0": "", "5acf99b577cf76001a6853f1": "", "57285841ff5b5019007da19a": "12", "57285841ff5b5019007da19b": "113", "57285841ff5b5019007da19c": "the Oriental Institute\u2014a", "57285841ff5b5019007da19d": "Fermilab,", "57285841ff5b5019007da19e": "Sunspot, New Mexico.", "5acf9a5277cf76001a68541c": "12", "5acf9a5277cf76001a68541d": "113 research centers", "5acf9a5277cf76001a68541e": "", "5acf9a5277cf76001a68541f": "", "5acf9a5277cf76001a685420": "", "57286010ff5b5019007da1ca": "shaping ideas about the free market", "57286010ff5b5019007da1cb": "Chicago Pile-1", "57286010ff5b5019007da1cc": "the Miller\u2013Urey experiment,", "57286010ff5b5019007da1cd": "1953", "5acf9b1177cf76001a685440": "", "5acf9b1177cf76001a685441": "", "5acf9b1177cf76001a685442": "", "5acf9b1177cf76001a685443": "", "5acf9b1177cf76001a685444": "", "572861cc4b864d190016495e": "1933", "572861cc4b864d190016495f": "2000", "572861cc4b864d1900164960": "1996", "572861cc4b864d1900164961": "2002", "572861cc4b864d1900164962": "Several thousand", "5acf9bcf77cf76001a68547a": "", "5acf9bcf77cf76001a68547b": "", "5acf9bcf77cf76001a68547c": "art history,", "5acf9bcf77cf76001a68547d": "\u201cdramatic, music, and visual arts\u201d", "5acf9bcf77cf76001a68547e": "", "572863363acd2414000df985": "5,792", "572863363acd2414000df986": "3,468", "572863363acd2414000df987": "5,984", "572863363acd2414000df988": "15,244", "572863363acd2414000df989": "international students", "5acf9d3477cf76001a685512": "", "5acf9d3477cf76001a685513": "four", "5acf9d3477cf76001a685514": "", "5acf9d3477cf76001a685515": "", "5acf9d3477cf76001a685516": "", "572864542ca10214002da2de": "University Athletic Association", "572864542ca10214002da2df": "Division III", "572864542ca10214002da2e0": "Big Ten Conference", "572864542ca10214002da2e1": "Jay Berwanger", "572864542ca10214002da2e2": "de-", "5acf9dfb77cf76001a685556": "", "5acf9dfb77cf76001a685557": "", "5acf9dfb77cf76001a685558": "", "5acf9dfb77cf76001a685559": "", "5acf9dfb77cf76001a68555a": "", "5728659f4b864d190016498a": "over 400", "5728659f4b864d190016498b": "Recognized Student Organizations", "5728659f4b864d190016498c": "University of Chicago College Bowl Team,", "5728659f4b864d190016498d": "Doc Films,", "5728659f4b864d190016498e": "Off-Off Campus,", "5acf9e9377cf76001a685582": "", "5acf9e9377cf76001a685583": "", "5acf9e9377cf76001a685584": "", "5acf9e9377cf76001a685585": "", "5acf9e9377cf76001a685586": "", "5728667eff5b5019007da1fc": "graduate and undergraduate students", "5728667eff5b5019007da1fd": "an Executive Committee, chaired by a President with the assistance of two Vice Presidents,", "5728667eff5b5019007da1fe": "two", "5728667eff5b5019007da1ff": "greater than $2 million.", "5acf9f9877cf76001a6855b6": "All Recognized Student Organizations,", "5acf9f9877cf76001a6855b7": "", "5acf9f9877cf76001a6855b8": "", "5acf9f9877cf76001a6855b9": "Executive Committee,", "5acf9f9877cf76001a6855ba": "", "572867543acd2414000df9a1": "fifteen", "572867543acd2414000df9a2": "seven", "572867543acd2414000df9a3": "Alpha Phi Omega.", "572867543acd2414000df9a4": "Four", "572867543acd2414000df9a5": "ten", "5acfa09277cf76001a6855ca": "seven", "5acfa09277cf76001a6855cb": "", "5acfa09277cf76001a6855cc": "", "5acfa09277cf76001a6855cd": "", "5acfa09277cf76001a6855ce": "", "5728683b3acd2414000df9af": "May", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b0": "1987", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b1": "Festival of the Arts", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b2": "Kuviasungnerk/Kangeiko,", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b3": "Summer Breeze", "5acfa18177cf76001a6855f8": "", "5acfa18177cf76001a6855f9": "", "5acfa18177cf76001a6855fa": "", "5acfa18177cf76001a6855fb": "", "5acfa18177cf76001a6855fc": "", "57286951ff5b5019007da20e": "Satya Nadella,", "57286951ff5b5019007da20f": "Larry Ellison,", "57286951ff5b5019007da210": "Larry Ellison,", "57286951ff5b5019007da211": "", "57286951ff5b5019007da212": "James O. McKinsey,", "5acfa23577cf76001a68562e": "", "5acfa23577cf76001a68562f": "Satya Nadella,", "5acfa23577cf76001a685630": "", "5acfa23577cf76001a685631": "Adam Silver.", "5acfa23577cf76001a685632": "", "57286ab72ca10214002da31e": "Saul Alinsky,", "57286ab72ca10214002da31f": "David Axelrod,", "57286ab72ca10214002da320": "Robert Bork,", "57286ab72ca10214002da321": "Masaaki Shirakawa,", "57286ab72ca10214002da322": "Eliot Ness,", "5acfa29c77cf76001a685666": "Robert Bork,", "5acfa29c77cf76001a685667": "Robert Bork,", "5acfa29c77cf76001a685668": "", "5acfa29c77cf76001a685669": "", "5acfa29c77cf76001a68566a": "", "57286bf84b864d19001649d2": "Lauren Oliver,", "57286bf84b864d19001649d3": "Philip Roth,", "57286bf84b864d19001649d4": "Allan Bloom,", "57286bf84b864d19001649d5": "Studs Terkel,", "57286bf84b864d19001649d6": "Kurt Vonnegut", "5acfa31377cf76001a685682": "Saul Bellow,", "5acfa31377cf76001a685683": "Allan Bloom,", "5acfa31377cf76001a685684": "", "5acfa31377cf76001a685685": "Lauren Oliver,", "5acfa31377cf76001a685686": "", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e0": "Philip Glass,", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e1": "Alex Seropian,", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e2": "Halo", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e3": "Ed Asner,", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e4": "Mike Nichols,", "5acfa53677cf76001a6856f4": "", "5acfa53677cf76001a6856f5": "Sarah Koenig,", "5acfa53677cf76001a6856f6": "Carl Van Vechten,", "5acfa53677cf76001a6856f7": "", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d1": "Carl Sagan,", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d2": "John M. Grunsfeld,", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d3": "David Suzuki,", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d4": "John B. Goodenough,", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d5": "Clair Cameron Patterson,", "5acfa71b77cf76001a68572c": "Richard Hamming,", "5acfa71b77cf76001a68572d": "James Watson,", "5acfa71b77cf76001a68572e": "", "5acfa71b77cf76001a68572f": "John B. Goodenough,", "572870b2ff5b5019007da222": "Thomas Sowell", "572870b2ff5b5019007da223": "", "572870b2ff5b5019007da224": "Paul Samuelson,", "572870b2ff5b5019007da225": "Eugene Fama,", "5acfa8a277cf76001a68576c": "", "5acfa8a277cf76001a68576d": "", "5acfa8a277cf76001a68576e": "", "5acfa8a277cf76001a68576f": "", "5acfa8a277cf76001a685770": "", "572871bc4b864d1900164a04": "David Graeber and Donald Johanson,", "572871bc4b864d1900164a05": "Samuel Reshevsky,", "572871bc4b864d1900164a06": "Samuel P.", "5acfa93777cf76001a685780": "", "5acfa93777cf76001a685781": "", "5acfa93777cf76001a685782": "", "5acfa93777cf76001a685783": "Samuel P. Huntington.", "5acfa93777cf76001a685784": "", "572872dd2ca10214002da37e": "A. A. Michelson,", "572872dd2ca10214002da37f": "Arthur H. Compton,", "572872dd2ca10214002da380": "Enrico Fermi,", "572872dd2ca10214002da381": "Edward Teller,", "572872dd2ca10214002da382": "Maria Goeppert-Mayer,", "5acfa9b877cf76001a6857a8": "", "5acfa9b877cf76001a6857a9": "", "5acfa9b877cf76001a6857aa": "Robert A. Millikan,", "5acfa9b877cf76001a6857ab": "", "5acfa9b877cf76001a6857ac": "", "5728742cff5b5019007da246": "James Henry Breasted,", "5728742cff5b5019007da247": "Alberto Calder\u00f3n,", "5728742cff5b5019007da248": "Ted Fujita,", "5728742cff5b5019007da249": "Yuan T. Lee,", "5728742cff5b5019007da24a": "Charles Brenton Huggins and Janet Rowley,", "5acfab5077cf76001a6857d0": "Saul Bellow,", "5acfab5077cf76001a6857d1": "", "5acfab5077cf76001a6857d2": "", "5acfab5077cf76001a6857d3": "Charles Brenton Huggins and Janet Rowley,", "5acfab5077cf76001a6857d4": "Allan Bloom,", "5728759cff5b5019007da25a": "Goldman Sachs", "5728759cff5b5019007da25b": "Raghuram Rajan,", "5728759cff5b5019007da25c": "David Bevington,", "5728759cff5b5019007da25d": "John Mearsheimer and Robert Pape.", "5728759cff5b5019007da25e": "Neil Shubin and Paul Sereno,", "5acfac7177cf76001a6857f8": "", "5acfac7177cf76001a6857f9": "", "5acfac7177cf76001a6857fa": "", "5acfac7177cf76001a6857fb": "", "5acfac7177cf76001a6857fc": "", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b6": "\u5143\u671d; pinyin: Yu\u00e1n Ch\u00e1o), officially the Great Yuan", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b7": "the Great Yuan", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b8": "Kublai Khan,", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b9": "Kublai Khan,", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1ba": "1271", "5ad3ffb3604f3c001a3ffc93": "", "5ad3ffb3604f3c001a3ffc94": "", "5ad3ffb3604f3c001a3ffc95": "1368,", "5ad3ffb3604f3c001a3ffc96": "", "5ad3ffb3604f3c001a3ffc97": "", "572860e03acd2414000df977": "Mongol Empire", "572860e03acd2414000df978": "the Song dynasty", "572860e03acd2414000df979": "Ming dynasty.", "572860e03acd2414000df97a": "Genghis Khan", "5ad3ffef604f3c001a3ffcaf": "the Mongol Empire", "5ad3ffef604f3c001a3ffcb0": "", "5ad3ffef604f3c001a3ffcb1": "", "5ad3ffef604f3c001a3ffcb2": "", "57286192ff5b5019007da1dc": "1271,", "57286192ff5b5019007da1dd": "Commentaries on the Classic of Changes", "57286192ff5b5019007da1de": "Dai \u00d6n Ulus,", "57286192ff5b5019007da1df": "\"Great Mongol State\"),", "57286192ff5b5019007da1e0": "Great Khan.", "5ad4003b604f3c001a3ffcb7": "", "5ad4003b604f3c001a3ffcb8": "", "5ad4003b604f3c001a3ffcb9": "", "5ad4003b604f3c001a3ffcba": "", "5ad4003b604f3c001a3ffcbb": "", "572863c72ca10214002da2d4": "Mongol and Turkic", "572863c72ca10214002da2d5": "1206.", "572863c72ca10214002da2d6": "\u00d6gedei Khan,", "572863c72ca10214002da2d7": "1251.", "572863c72ca10214002da2d8": "nephew", "5ad400f0604f3c001a3ffcef": "", "5ad400f0604f3c001a3ffcf0": "", "5ad400f0604f3c001a3ffcf1": "", "5ad400f0604f3c001a3ffcf2": "", "5ad400f0604f3c001a3ffcf3": "", "572864dd4b864d1900164976": "the Jin.", "572864dd4b864d1900164977": "Xiao Zhala", "572864dd4b864d1900164978": "Shi Tianze, Liu Heima", "572864dd4b864d1900164979": "10,000", "572864dd4b864d190016497a": "3", "5ad40158604f3c001a3ffd0b": "", "5ad40158604f3c001a3ffd0c": "", "5ad40158604f3c001a3ffd0d": "", "5ad40158604f3c001a3ffd0e": "10,000 troops.", "5ad40158604f3c001a3ffd0f": "", "5728661e2ca10214002da2e8": "Han Chinese", "5728661e2ca10214002da2e9": "Jin", "5728661e2ca10214002da2ea": "between Han and Jurchen", "5728661e2ca10214002da2eb": "Shi Bingzhi", "5728661e2ca10214002da2ec": "Song dynasty", "5ad401de604f3c001a3ffd2d": "Han", "5ad401de604f3c001a3ffd2e": "", "5ad401de604f3c001a3ffd2f": "", "5ad401de604f3c001a3ffd30": "", "5ad401de604f3c001a3ffd31": "", "572867212ca10214002da2f2": "M\u00f6ngke Khan", "572867212ca10214002da2f3": "southern China.", "572867212ca10214002da2f4": "1259", "572867212ca10214002da2f5": "Ariq B\u00f6ke,", "572867212ca10214002da2f6": "Zhongtong.", "5ad40219604f3c001a3ffd45": "", "5ad40219604f3c001a3ffd46": "", "5ad40219604f3c001a3ffd47": "", "5ad40219604f3c001a3ffd48": "", "5ad40219604f3c001a3ffd49": "", "572867d72ca10214002da2fc": "Ogedei's", "572867d72ca10214002da2fd": "the south.", "572867d72ca10214002da2fe": "prince Wonjong", "572867d72ca10214002da2ff": "northeast", "572867d72ca10214002da300": "1262.", "5ad402ae604f3c001a3ffd5d": "Ogedei's", "5ad402ae604f3c001a3ffd5e": "", "5ad402ae604f3c001a3ffd5f": "", "5ad402ae604f3c001a3ffd60": "", "5ad402ae604f3c001a3ffd61": "", "572869b84b864d19001649ae": "preserving Mongol interests in China and satisfying the demands of his Chinese subjects.", "572869b84b864d19001649af": "salt and iron.", "572869b84b864d19001649b0": "the local administrative structure of past Chinese dynasties", "572869b84b864d19001649b1": "three", "572869b84b864d19001649b2": "Han Chinese", "5ad402f1604f3c001a3ffd69": "", "5ad402f1604f3c001a3ffd6a": "", "5ad402f1604f3c001a3ffd6b": "", "5ad402f1604f3c001a3ffd6c": "", "5ad402f1604f3c001a3ffd6d": "", "57286b003acd2414000df9c1": "Karakorum", "57286b003acd2414000df9c2": "Khanbaliq", "57286b003acd2414000df9c3": "1264,", "57286b003acd2414000df9c4": "Zhongdu,", "57286b003acd2414000df9c5": "Confucian propriety and ancestor veneration,", "5ad40346604f3c001a3ffd73": "", "5ad40346604f3c001a3ffd74": "", "5ad40346604f3c001a3ffd75": "", "5ad40346604f3c001a3ffd76": "", "5ad40346604f3c001a3ffd77": "", "57286bb84b864d19001649c8": "commercial, scientific, and cultural", "57286bb84b864d19001649c9": "Mongol peace,", "57286bb84b864d19001649ca": "southern China", "57286bb84b864d19001649cb": "Daidu", "57286bb84b864d19001649cc": "Marco Polo,", "5ad40397604f3c001a3ffd83": "", "5ad40397604f3c001a3ffd84": "Mongol peace,", "5ad40397604f3c001a3ffd85": "", "5ad40397604f3c001a3ffd86": "", "5ad40397604f3c001a3ffd87": "", "57286c8cff5b5019007da218": "the Song Emperor", "57286c8cff5b5019007da219": "(1115\u20131234)", "57286c8cff5b5019007da21a": "(1115\u20131234)", "57286c8cff5b5019007da21b": "Kong Duancao", "57286c8cff5b5019007da21c": "30,000", "5ad403df604f3c001a3ffd9b": "", "5ad403df604f3c001a3ffd9c": "", "5ad403df604f3c001a3ffd9d": "", "5ad403df604f3c001a3ffd9e": "", "57286d4f2ca10214002da328": "northern China,", "57286d4f2ca10214002da329": "between 1268 and 1273,", "57286d4f2ca10214002da32a": "Yangzi River basin.", "57286d4f2ca10214002da32b": "Hangzhou", "57286d4f2ca10214002da32c": "drowned,", "5ad40432604f3c001a3ffdbb": "", "5ad40432604f3c001a3ffdbc": "", "5ad40432604f3c001a3ffdbd": "", "5ad40432604f3c001a3ffdbe": "Hangzhou", "5ad40432604f3c001a3ffdbf": "", "57286dfa2ca10214002da332": "1279.", "57286dfa2ca10214002da333": "typhoon.", "57286dfa2ca10214002da334": "Annam (Dai Viet)", "57286dfa2ca10214002da335": "Battle of B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng", "57286dfa2ca10214002da336": "(1288).", "5ad40480604f3c001a3ffdcf": "1279.", "5ad40480604f3c001a3ffdd0": "", "5ad40480604f3c001a3ffdd1": "The Tran dynasty which ruled Annam (Dai Viet) crushed and defeated the Mongols", "5ad40480604f3c001a3ffdd2": "", "57286ead2ca10214002da346": "1253,", "57286ead2ca10214002da347": "his eldest son, Zhenjin,", "57286ead2ca10214002da348": "1285.", "57286ead2ca10214002da349": "Emperor Chengzong,", "57286ead2ca10214002da34a": "1294 to 1307.", "5ad404d4604f3c001a3ffde7": "", "5ad404d4604f3c001a3ffde8": "", "5ad404d4604f3c001a3ffde9": "", "5ad404d4604f3c001a3ffdea": "", "5ad404d4604f3c001a3ffdeb": "", "57286f373acd2414000df9db": "Buyantu Khan", "57286f373acd2414000df9dc": "actively support and adopt mainstream Chinese culture", "57286f373acd2414000df9dd": "Li Meng,", "57286f373acd2414000df9de": "Department of State Affairs", "57286f373acd2414000df9df": "1313", "5ad40515604f3c001a3ffe05": "", "5ad40515604f3c001a3ffe06": "adopt mainstream Chinese culture", "5ad40515604f3c001a3ffe07": "", "5ad40515604f3c001a3ffe08": "", "5ad40515604f3c001a3ffe09": "", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e5": "Emperor Gegeen Khan,", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e6": "1321 to 1323.", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e7": "Baiju.", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e8": "\"the comprehensive institutions of the Great Yuan\"),", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e9": "five", "5ad40582604f3c001a3ffe19": "", "5ad40582604f3c001a3ffe1a": "", "5ad40582604f3c001a3ffe1b": "", "5ad40582604f3c001a3ffe1c": "", "5ad40582604f3c001a3ffe1d": "", "5728705c2ca10214002da35a": "Shangdu", "5728705c2ca10214002da35b": "War of the Two Capitals.", "5728705c2ca10214002da35c": "four days", "5728705c2ca10214002da35d": "El Tem\u00fcr,", "5728705c2ca10214002da35e": "Tugh Tem\u00fcr", "5ad405f0604f3c001a3ffe2d": "in Shangdu in 1328,", "5ad405f0604f3c001a3ffe2e": "", "5ad405f0604f3c001a3ffe2f": "", "5ad405f0604f3c001a3ffe30": "", "5ad405f0604f3c001a3ffe31": "Tugh Tem\u00fcr", "5728710c3acd2414000df9ef": "cultural contribution", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f0": "Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of Literature", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f1": "1329", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f2": "Jingshi Dadian", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f3": "Buddhism.", "5ad40639604f3c001a3ffe4b": "", "5ad40639604f3c001a3ffe4c": "", "5ad40639604f3c001a3ffe4d": "", "5ad40639604f3c001a3ffe4e": "", "5ad40639604f3c001a3ffe4f": "", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa03": "1332", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa04": "(Emperor Ningzong)", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa05": "13", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa06": "nine", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa07": "Liao, Jin, and Song", "5ad4066a604f3c001a3ffe5f": "", "5ad4066a604f3c001a3ffe60": "", "5ad4066a604f3c001a3ffe61": "", "5ad4066a604f3c001a3ffe62": "", "5ad4066a604f3c001a3ffe63": "", "572872822ca10214002da374": "struggle, famine, and bitterness", "572872822ca10214002da375": "the Mongols beyond the Middle Kingdom saw them as too Chinese.", "572872822ca10214002da376": "the army and the populace,", "572872822ca10214002da377": "Outlaws", "572872822ca10214002da378": "administration,", "5ad406b6604f3c001a3ffe73": "", "5ad406b6604f3c001a3ffe74": "", "5ad406b6604f3c001a3ffe75": "", "5ad406b6604f3c001a3ffe76": "", "5ad406b6604f3c001a3ffe77": "", "57287338ff5b5019007da232": "", "57287338ff5b5019007da233": "the Red Turban Rebellion", "57287338ff5b5019007da234": "fear of betrayal.", "57287338ff5b5019007da235": "Red Turban rebels,", "57287338ff5b5019007da236": "(1368\u20131644),", "5ad406e9604f3c001a3ffe7d": "", "5ad406e9604f3c001a3ffe7e": "", "5ad406e9604f3c001a3ffe7f": "", "5ad406e9604f3c001a3ffe80": "", "5ad406e9604f3c001a3ffe81": "", "572878942ca10214002da3a2": "communications", "572878942ca10214002da3a3": "The Mongols' extensive West Asian and European contacts", "572878942ca10214002da3a4": "the Ilkhanate,", "572878942ca10214002da3a5": "Eastern crops such as carrots, turnips, new varieties of lemons, eggplants, and melons, high-quality granulated sugar, and cotton", "5ad40726604f3c001a3ffe8f": "", "5ad40726604f3c001a3ffe90": "", "5ad40726604f3c001a3ffe91": "", "572879574b864d1900164a14": "Western", "572879574b864d1900164a15": "Nestorianism and Roman Catholicism", "572879574b864d1900164a16": "Taoism", "572879574b864d1900164a17": "Confucian", "572879574b864d1900164a18": "travel literature, cartography, geography, and scientific education.", "5ad40762604f3c001a3ffe95": "", "5ad40762604f3c001a3ffe96": "", "5ad40762604f3c001a3ffe97": "", "5ad40762604f3c001a3ffe98": "Confucian", "5ad40762604f3c001a3ffe99": "", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a28": "Marco Polo,", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a29": "", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2a": "the Travels of Marco Polo),", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2b": "Il milione", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2c": "contact with Persian traders", "5ad40796604f3c001a3ffea9": "", "5ad40796604f3c001a3ffeaa": "", "5ad40796604f3c001a3ffeab": "", "5ad40796604f3c001a3ffeac": "", "57287c142ca10214002da3d0": "Guo Shoujing,", "57287c142ca10214002da3d1": "365.2425 days", "57287c142ca10214002da3d2": "granaries were ordered built throughout the empire.", "57287c142ca10214002da3d3": "Beijing", "57287c142ca10214002da3d4": "sorghum,", "5ad407de604f3c001a3ffebb": "", "5ad407de604f3c001a3ffebc": "365.2425 days of the year, which was only 26 seconds off the modern Gregorian calendar's measurement.", "5ad407de604f3c001a3ffebd": "", "5ad407de604f3c001a3ffebe": "", "5ad407de604f3c001a3ffebf": "", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3da": "non-native Chinese people", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3db": "the Eternal Heaven,", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dc": "Song dynasty", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dd": "Ming dynasty.", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3de": "a period of foreign domination.", "5ad4081b604f3c001a3ffed9": "", "5ad4081b604f3c001a3ffeda": "", "5ad4081b604f3c001a3ffedb": "", "5ad4081b604f3c001a3ffedc": "", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e4": "Han Chinese, Khitans, Jurchens, Mongols, and Tibetan Buddhists.", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e5": "Tang, Song, as well as Khitan Liao and Jurchen Jin", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e6": "Liu Bingzhong and Yao Shu", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e7": "tripartite", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e8": "civil, military, and censorial offices,", "5ad408aa604f3c001a3ffeff": "", "5ad408aa604f3c001a3fff00": "", "5ad408aa604f3c001a3fff01": "", "5ad408aa604f3c001a3fff02": "", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa3f": "Privy Council.", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa40": "since the Sui and Tang dynasties)", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa41": "Mongols and Semuren,", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa42": "", "5ad408ed604f3c001a3fff0f": "the Privy Council.", "5ad408ed604f3c001a3fff10": "", "5ad408ed604f3c001a3fff11": "", "5ad408ed604f3c001a3fff12": "", "57287e512ca10214002da3f8": "1269,", "57287e512ca10214002da3f9": "Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese", "57287e512ca10214002da3fa": "generally converse well", "57287e512ca10214002da3fb": "Tugh Temur,", "57287e512ca10214002da3fc": "(Emperor Wenzong),", "5ad40955604f3c001a3fff2b": "", "5ad40955604f3c001a3fff2c": "", "5ad40955604f3c001a3fff2d": "", "5ad40955604f3c001a3fff2e": "", "5ad40955604f3c001a3fff2f": "", "57287ee3ff5b5019007da274": "1290", "57287ee3ff5b5019007da275": "1291", "57287ee3ff5b5019007da276": "income from the harvests of their Chinese tenants", "5ad40995604f3c001a3fff45": "", "5ad40995604f3c001a3fff46": "", "5ad40995604f3c001a3fff47": "", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa51": "painting, mathematics, calligraphy, poetry, and theater,", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa52": "painting, poetry, and calligraphy", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa53": "Song dynasty", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa54": "qu,", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa55": "zaju", "5ad409d6604f3c001a3fff5f": "", "5ad409d6604f3c001a3fff60": "", "5ad409d6604f3c001a3fff61": "", "5ad409d6604f3c001a3fff62": "", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3c": "western khanates,", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3d": "Buddhism,", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3e": "Tibetan Buddhism", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3f": "Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs", "57287fec4b864d1900164a40": "Sakya", "5ad40a0e604f3c001a3fff79": "western khanates,", "5ad40a0e604f3c001a3fff7a": "", "5ad40a0e604f3c001a3fff7b": "", "5ad40a0e604f3c001a3fff7d": "", "5728804b4b864d1900164a46": "(1249\u20131314)", "5728804b4b864d1900164a47": "(1249\u20131314)", "5728804b4b864d1900164a48": "matrices.", "5728804b4b864d1900164a49": "polynomial algebra", "5728804b4b864d1900164a4a": "1303.", "5ad40a41604f3c001a3fff8b": "", "5ad40a41604f3c001a3fff8c": "", "5ad40a41604f3c001a3fff8d": "", "5ad40a41604f3c001a3fff8e": "", "5ad40a41604f3c001a3fff8f": "", "5728809f2ca10214002da40c": "applied mathematics", "5728809f2ca10214002da40d": "cubic interpolation formula", "5728809f2ca10214002da40e": "Shoushi Li", "5728809f2ca10214002da40f": "Calendar for Fixing the Seasons,", "5728809f2ca10214002da410": "1281", "5ad40a72604f3c001a3fffa9": "", "5ad40a72604f3c001a3fffaa": "", "5ad40a72604f3c001a3fffab": "", "5ad40a72604f3c001a3fffac": "", "5ad40a72604f3c001a3fffad": "", "572881022ca10214002da416": "non-Mongol physicians", "572881022ca10214002da417": "herbal remedies,", "572881022ca10214002da418": "spiritual", "572881022ca10214002da419": "Imperial Academy of Medicine", "572881022ca10214002da41a": "medical ethics were compatible with Confucian virtues.", "5ad40ac5604f3c001a3fffc7": "non-Mongol physicians", "5ad40ac5604f3c001a3fffc8": "", "5ad40ac5604f3c001a3fffc9": "", "5ad40ac5604f3c001a3fffca": "", "5ad40ac5604f3c001a3fffcb": "", "572881704b864d1900164a50": "\"Four Great Schools\"", "572881704b864d1900164a51": "inherited from the Jin dynasty.", "572881704b864d1900164a52": "Chinese physicians were brought along military campaigns by the Mongols", "572881704b864d1900164a53": "acupuncture, moxibustion, pulse diagnosis, and various herbal drugs and elixirs", "572881704b864d1900164a54": "(1277\u20131347)", "5ad40af0604f3c001a3fffdf": "", "5ad40af0604f3c001a3fffe0": "", "5ad40af0604f3c001a3fffe1": "", "5ad40af0604f3c001a3fffe2": "", "572881d34b864d1900164a5a": "Muslim medicine.", "572881d34b864d1900164a5b": "Jesus the Interpreter", "572881d34b864d1900164a5c": "1263", "572881d34b864d1900164a5d": "humoral system", "572881d34b864d1900164a5e": "yin-yang and wuxing philosophy", "5ad40b55604f3c001a3ffffb": "Muslim medicine.", "5ad40b55604f3c001a3ffffc": "", "5ad40b55604f3c001a3ffffd": "", "5ad40b55604f3c001a3ffffe": "", "5ad40b55604f3c001a3fffff": "", "572882242ca10214002da420": "through Kingdom of Qocho and Tibetan intermediaries.", "572882242ca10214002da421": "Wang Zhen's", "572882242ca10214002da422": "12th century.", "572882242ca10214002da423": "T\u00f6regene Khatun,", "572882242ca10214002da424": "1273,", "5ad40b87604f3c001a400005": "", "5ad40b87604f3c001a400006": "", "5ad40b87604f3c001a400007": "", "5ad40b87604f3c001a400008": "", "5ad40b87604f3c001a400009": "", "5728827b2ca10214002da42a": "chao,", "5728827b2ca10214002da42b": "the bark of mulberry trees.", "5728827b2ca10214002da42c": "1275.", "5728827b2ca10214002da42d": "woodblocks", "5728827b2ca10214002da42e": "1294,", "5ad40bd9604f3c001a400035": "", "5ad40bd9604f3c001a400036": "", "5ad40bd9604f3c001a400037": "", "5ad40bd9604f3c001a400038": "", "5ad40bd9604f3c001a400039": "", "572883153acd2414000dfa6f": "patrimonial feudalism", "572883153acd2414000dfa70": "traditional Chinese autocratic-bureaucratic system.", "572883153acd2414000dfa71": "(various allied groups from Central Asia and the western end of the empire)", "572883153acd2414000dfa72": "\"colonial", "572883153acd2414000dfa73": "Ilkhanate.", "5ad40c2d604f3c001a400049": "", "5ad40c2d604f3c001a40004a": "", "5ad40c2d604f3c001a40004b": "(various allied groups from Central Asia and the western end of the empire)", "5ad40c2d604f3c001a40004c": "", "572883a33acd2414000dfa79": "Central Asian Muslims", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7a": "Han Chinese and Khitans", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7b": "Besh Baliq, Almaliq, and Samarqand", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7c": "artisans and farmers.", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7d": "a Qara-Khitay", "5ad40c62604f3c001a400065": "", "5ad40c62604f3c001a400066": "", "5ad40c62604f3c001a400067": "", "5ad40c62604f3c001a400068": "", "57288428ff5b5019007da28e": "restricting Halal slaughter and other Islamic practices", "57288428ff5b5019007da28f": "Kosher butchering", "57288428ff5b5019007da290": "Zhu Yuanzhang", "57288428ff5b5019007da291": "thanks", "57288428ff5b5019007da292": "Muslims in the semu class", "5ad40cac604f3c001a400087": "", "5ad40cac604f3c001a400088": "", "5ad40cac604f3c001a400089": "", "5ad40cac604f3c001a40008a": "", "5ad40cac604f3c001a40008b": "", "5728848cff5b5019007da298": "Frederick W. Mote", "5728848cff5b5019007da299": "\"degrees of privilege\"", "5728848cff5b5019007da29a": "rich", "5728848cff5b5019007da29b": "", "5ad40cdb604f3c001a400091": "", "5ad40cdb604f3c001a400092": "their actual social power and wealth,", "5ad40cdb604f3c001a400093": "rich and well socially standing", "5ad40cdb604f3c001a400094": "", "572885023acd2414000dfa83": "Northern Chinese", "572885023acd2414000dfa84": "Southern Chinese", "572885023acd2414000dfa85": "because southern China withstood and fought to the last before caving in.", "572885023acd2414000dfa86": "The earlier they surrendered to the Mongols,", "572885023acd2414000dfa87": "private southern Chinese manufacturers and merchants.", "5ad40d28604f3c001a4000b5": "Northern Chinese", "5ad40d28604f3c001a4000b6": "", "5ad40d28604f3c001a4000b7": "", "5ad40d28604f3c001a4000b8": "", "5ad40d28604f3c001a4000b9": "", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8d": "the Uighurs", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8e": "the Karluk Kara-Khanid ruler,", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8f": "", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa90": "the Uighurs surrendered to the Mongols first,", "5ad40d50604f3c001a4000c9": "", "5ad40d50604f3c001a4000ca": "", "5ad40d50604f3c001a4000cb": "", "5ad40d50604f3c001a4000cc": "", "572885c44b864d1900164a78": "The Central Region,", "572885c44b864d1900164a79": "", "572885c44b864d1900164a7a": "Khanbaliq (modern Beijing);", "572885c44b864d1900164a7b": "Beijing);", "572885c44b864d1900164a7c": "Zhongshu Sheng)", "5ad40d89604f3c001a4000d1": "", "5ad40d89604f3c001a4000d2": "", "5ad40d89604f3c001a4000d3": "", "5ad40d89604f3c001a4000d4": "", "5ad40d89604f3c001a4000d5": "", "5728eff82ca10214002daadc": "disease.", "5728eff82ca10214002daadd": "pathogens,", "5728eff82ca10214002daade": "neuroimmune system", "5728eff82ca10214002daadf": "blood\u2013brain barrier, blood\u2013cerebrospinal fluid barrier, and similar fluid\u2013brain barriers", "572a14af3f37b319004786c1": "pathogens,", "572a14af3f37b319004786c2": "innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system,", "572a14af3f37b319004786c3": "innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system,", "572a14af3f37b319004786c4": "neuroimmune system", "5ad49c34ba00c4001a268d9a": "", "5ad49c34ba00c4001a268d9b": "", "5ad49c34ba00c4001a268d9c": "", "5ad49c34ba00c4001a268d9d": "", "5ad49c34ba00c4001a268d9e": "", "5728f2e26aef051400154896": "Immunodeficiency", "5728f2e26aef051400154897": "autoimmunity", "5728f2e26aef051400154898": "Immunology", "5728f2e26aef051400154899": "HIV/AIDS,", "5ad49faaba00c4001a268e24": "", "5ad49faaba00c4001a268e25": "", "5ad49faaba00c4001a268e26": "", "5ad49faaba00c4001a268e27": "", "5ad49faaba00c4001a268e28": "", "5728f3724b864d1900165116": "Robert Koch's", "5728f3724b864d1900165117": "microorganisms", "5728f3724b864d1900165118": "yellow fever", "5728f3724b864d1900165119": "430 BC.", "5ad4a049ba00c4001a268e42": "", "5ad4a049ba00c4001a268e43": "", "5ad4a049ba00c4001a268e44": "", "5ad4a049ba00c4001a268e45": "", "5ad4a049ba00c4001a268e46": "", "5728f6446aef0514001548e4": "Innate", "5728f6446aef0514001548e5": "adaptive immune system,", "5728f6446aef0514001548e6": "immunological memory,", "5728f6446aef0514001548e7": "physical barriers", "5ad4a110ba00c4001a268e60": "", "5ad4a110ba00c4001a268e61": "", "5ad4a110ba00c4001a268e62": "", "5ad4a110ba00c4001a268e63": "", "5ad4a110ba00c4001a268e64": "", "5728f7774b864d190016512e": "self and non-self", "5728f7774b864d190016512f": "self molecules", "5728f7774b864d1900165130": "non-self molecules", "5728f7774b864d1900165131": "antigens", "5728f7774b864d1900165132": "specific immune receptors", "5ad4a682ba00c4001a268eca": "", "5ad4a682ba00c4001a268ecb": "", "5ad4a682ba00c4001a268ecc": "", "5ad4a682ba00c4001a268ecd": "", "5ad4a682ba00c4001a268ece": "", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5a": "pattern recognition receptors,", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5b": "innate immune system", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5c": "microorganisms,", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5d": "non-specific", "5ad4a75aba00c4001a268ee8": "", "5ad4a75aba00c4001a268ee9": "", "5ad4a75aba00c4001a268eea": "", "5ad4a75aba00c4001a268eeb": "", "5ad4a75aba00c4001a268eec": "", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6a": "exoskeleton", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6b": "The waxy cuticle", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6c": "coughing and sneezing", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6d": "mucus", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6e": "", "5ad4abe25b96ef001a109d64": "", "5ad4abe25b96ef001a109d65": "The waxy cuticle of many leaves,", "5ad4abe25b96ef001a109d66": "", "5ad4abe25b96ef001a109d67": "", "5ad4abe25b96ef001a109d68": "", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec7": "\u03b2-defensins.", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec8": "lysozyme and phospholipase A2", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec9": "defensins and zinc", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9eca": "gastric acid and proteases", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ecb": "menarche,", "5ad4acbd5b96ef001a109d78": "", "5ad4acbd5b96ef001a109d79": "", "5ad4acbd5b96ef001a109d7a": "", "5ad4acbd5b96ef001a109d7b": "menarche,", "5ad4acbd5b96ef001a109d7c": "", "5728fd206aef05140015494c": "commensal flora", "5728fd206aef05140015494d": "fungi,", "5728fd206aef05140015494e": "lactobacilli", "5728fd206aef05140015494f": "pH or available iron.", "5ad4b0f25b96ef001a109dbc": "", "5ad4b0f25b96ef001a109dbd": "", "5ad4b0f25b96ef001a109dbe": "", "5ad4b0f25b96ef001a109dbf": "", "5ad4b0f25b96ef001a109dc0": "", "572900f73f37b31900477f69": "Inflammation", "572900f73f37b31900477f6a": "increased blood flow into tissue.", "572900f73f37b31900477f6b": "eicosanoids and cytokines,", "572900f73f37b31900477f6c": "prostaglandins", "572900f73f37b31900477f6d": "interleukins", "5ad4b1895b96ef001a109dc6": "", "5ad4b1895b96ef001a109dc7": "", "5ad4b1895b96ef001a109dc8": "", "5ad4b1895b96ef001a109dc9": "", "5ad4b1895b96ef001a109dca": "", "572905ce1d04691400778f83": "'phagocytes'", "572905ce1d04691400778f84": "cytokines.", "572905ce1d04691400778f85": "phagosome,", "572905ce1d04691400778f86": "a phagolysosome.", "572905ce1d04691400778f87": "acquiring nutrients,", "5ad4ca235b96ef001a10a0b6": "", "5ad4ca235b96ef001a10a0b7": "", "5ad4ca235b96ef001a10a0b8": "an intracellular vesicle called a phagosome,", "5ad4ca235b96ef001a10a0b9": "", "5ad4ca235b96ef001a10a0ba": "defense mechanism.", "5729081d3f37b31900477fab": "Neutrophils and macrophages", "5729081d3f37b31900477fac": "Neutrophils", "5729081d3f37b31900477fad": "50% to 60%", "5729081d3f37b31900477fae": "chemotaxis,", "5729081d3f37b31900477faf": "interleukin 1.", "5ad4cb055b96ef001a10a0de": "", "5ad4cb055b96ef001a10a0df": "", "5ad4cb055b96ef001a10a0e0": "", "5ad4cb055b96ef001a10a0e1": "", "5ad4cb055b96ef001a10a0e2": "", "572908c13f37b31900477fbd": "Leukocytes", "572908c13f37b31900477fbe": "Leukocytes (white blood cells)", "572908c13f37b31900477fbf": "adaptive immune system.", "572908c13f37b31900477fc0": "(macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells),", "5ad4c94f5b96ef001a10a098": "", "5ad4c94f5b96ef001a10a099": "", "5ad4c94f5b96ef001a10a09a": "", "5ad4c94f5b96ef001a10a09b": "", "5ad4c94f5b96ef001a10a09c": "", "5729efab3f37b319004785cf": "Dendritic cells", "5729efab3f37b319004785d0": "neuronal dendrites,", "5729efab3f37b319004785d1": "T cells", "5729efab3f37b319004785d2": "", "5ad4cd245b96ef001a10a110": "", "5ad4cd245b96ef001a10a111": "", "5ad4cd245b96ef001a10a112": "", "5ad4cd245b96ef001a10a113": "", "5ad4cd245b96ef001a10a114": "", "5729f06f1d04691400779673": "Natural killer cells,", "5729f06f1d04691400779674": "\"missing self.\"", "5729f06f1d04691400779675": "MHC I", "5729f06f1d04691400779676": "killer cell immunoglobulin receptors", "5ad4cf8e5b96ef001a10a148": "", "5ad4cf8e5b96ef001a10a149": "", "5ad4cf8e5b96ef001a10a14a": "because they express intact self MHC antigens.", "5ad4cf8e5b96ef001a10a14b": "", "5ad4cf8e5b96ef001a10a14c": "\"missing self\".", "5729f12e3f37b319004785e1": "vertebrates", "5729f12e3f37b319004785e2": "antigen presentation.", "5729f12e3f37b319004785e3": "pathogens", "5ad4d0385b96ef001a10a178": "", "5ad4d0385b96ef001a10a179": "", "5ad4d0385b96ef001a10a17a": "", "5ad4d0385b96ef001a10a17b": "", "5ad4d0385b96ef001a10a17c": "", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d3": "killer T cell and the helper T cell.", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d4": "regulatory T cells", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d5": "Class I MHC", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d6": "Class II MHC", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d7": "\u03b3\u03b4 T cells", "5ad4d10e5b96ef001a10a1a0": "", "5ad4d10e5b96ef001a10a1a1": "", "5ad4d10e5b96ef001a10a1a2": "", "5ad4d10e5b96ef001a10a1a3": "", "5ad4d10e5b96ef001a10a1a4": "", "5729f39a6aef05140015514c": "Killer T cells", "5729f39a6aef05140015514d": "T cell receptor", "5729f39a6aef05140015514e": "CD8.", "5729f39a6aef05140015514f": "perforin,", "5729f39a6aef051400155150": "granulysin", "5ad4d2105b96ef001a10a1c6": "", "5ad4d2105b96ef001a10a1c7": "", "5ad4d2105b96ef001a10a1c8": "", "5ad4d2105b96ef001a10a1c9": "", "5ad4d2105b96ef001a10a1ca": "", "5729f4b41d0469140077968b": "CD4", "5729f4b41d0469140077968c": "(around 200\u2013300)", "5729f4b41d0469140077968d": "", "5729f4b41d0469140077968e": "cytokines", "5729f4b41d0469140077968f": "CD40", "5ad4d2d65b96ef001a10a1f8": "", "5ad4d2d65b96ef001a10a1f9": "", "5ad4d2d65b96ef001a10a1fa": "", "5ad4d2d65b96ef001a10a1fb": "", "5ad4d2d65b96ef001a10a1fc": "", "5729f5a03f37b31900478605": "helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and NK cells.", "5729f5a03f37b31900478606": "T cell receptor", "5729f5a03f37b31900478607": "Gamma delta T cells (\u03b3\u03b4 T cells)", "5729f5a03f37b31900478608": "receptor diversity", "5729f5a03f37b31900478609": "V\u03b39/V\u03b42 T cells", "5ad4d4795b96ef001a10a232": "CD4+ and CD8+ (\u03b1\u03b2) T cells", "5ad4d4795b96ef001a10a233": "", "5ad4d4795b96ef001a10a234": "", "5ad4d4795b96ef001a10a235": "", "5729f69caf94a219006aa6f9": "B cell", "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fa": "proteolysis", "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fb": "lymphokines", "5ad4d52a5b96ef001a10a260": "", "5ad4d52a5b96ef001a10a261": "", "5ad4d52a5b96ef001a10a262": "", "5ad4d52a5b96ef001a10a263": "", "5ad4d52a5b96ef001a10a264": "", "5729f799af94a219006aa707": "long-lived memory cells.", "5729f799af94a219006aa708": "\"adaptive\"", "5729f799af94a219006aa709": "passive short-term memory or active long-term memory.", "5729f799af94a219006aa70a": "pathogen", "5ad4d6a75b96ef001a10a2c6": "", "5ad4d6a75b96ef001a10a2c7": "", "5ad4d6a75b96ef001a10a2c8": "", "5ad4d6a75b96ef001a10a2c9": "", "5ad4d6a75b96ef001a10a2ca": "", "5729f8516aef05140015516c": "microbes", "5729f8516aef05140015516d": "IgG,", "5729f8516aef05140015516e": "Breast milk or colostrum", "5729f8516aef05140015516f": "passive", "5ad4d7395b96ef001a10a2f4": "", "5ad4d7395b96ef001a10a2f5": "", "5ad4d7395b96ef001a10a2f6": "", "5ad4d7395b96ef001a10a2f7": "", "5ad4d7395b96ef001a10a2f8": "", "5729f9953f37b3190047861f": "immunomodulators,", "5729f9953f37b31900478620": "adaptive and innate", "5729f9953f37b31900478621": "lupus erythematosus", "5729f9953f37b31900478622": "immunosuppressive.", "5ad4e61e5b96ef001a10a5ac": "", "5ad4e61e5b96ef001a10a5ad": "", "5ad4e61e5b96ef001a10a5ae": "", "5ad4e61e5b96ef001a10a5af": "testosterone", "5ad4e61e5b96ef001a10a5b0": "", "5729fa40af94a219006aa70f": "NFIL3,", "5729fa40af94a219006aa710": "heart disease, chronic pain, and asthma.", "5729fa40af94a219006aa711": "sleep deprivation,", "5ad4ea425b96ef001a10a626": "", "5ad4ea425b96ef001a10a627": "", "5ad4ea425b96ef001a10a628": "", "5ad4ea425b96ef001a10a629": "", "5ad4ea425b96ef001a10a62a": "", "5729fb003f37b31900478627": "progressive decline in hormone levels with age", "5729fb003f37b31900478628": "vitamin D.", "5729fb003f37b31900478629": "thyroid hormone activity.", "5729fb003f37b3190047862a": "cholecalciferol", "5ad4e90e5b96ef001a10a608": "", "5ad4e90e5b96ef001a10a609": "", "5ad4e90e5b96ef001a10a60a": "", "5ad4e90e5b96ef001a10a60b": "", "5ad4e90e5b96ef001a10a60c": "", "5729fc3d1d0469140077969d": "killer T cells,", "5729fc3d1d0469140077969e": "MHC class I", "5729fc3d1d0469140077969f": "viral", "5729fc3d1d046914007796a0": "antibodies", "5ad4e4cf5b96ef001a10a586": "", "5ad4e4cf5b96ef001a10a587": "", "5ad4e4cf5b96ef001a10a588": "", "5ad4e4cf5b96ef001a10a589": "", "5ad4e4cf5b96ef001a10a58a": "", "5729fd111d046914007796a5": "phagocytic", "5729fd111d046914007796a6": "Pathogen-associated molecular patterns", "5729fd111d046914007796a7": "rapid apoptosis", "5729fd111d046914007796a8": "Systemic acquired resistance", "5729fd111d046914007796a9": "RNA silencing", "5ad4e3a15b96ef001a10a560": "", "5ad4e3a15b96ef001a10a561": "", "5ad4e3a15b96ef001a10a562": "", "5ad4e3a15b96ef001a10a563": "", "5ad4e3a15b96ef001a10a564": "", "5729fe5c3f37b3190047862f": "autoimmune disorders.", "5729fe5c3f37b31900478630": "self and non-self,", "5729fe5c3f37b31900478631": "thymus and bone marrow)", "5729fe5c3f37b31900478632": "\"self\"", "5ad4db615b96ef001a10a434": "", "5ad4db615b96ef001a10a435": "", "5ad4db615b96ef001a10a436": "", "5ad4db615b96ef001a10a437": "", "5ad4db615b96ef001a10a438": "", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa739": "Immunodeficiencies", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73a": "young and the elderly,", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73b": "50 years of age", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73c": "obesity, alcoholism, and drug use", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73d": "malnutrition", "5ad4d91d5b96ef001a10a380": "", "5ad4d91d5b96ef001a10a381": "", "5ad4d91d5b96ef001a10a382": "", "5ad4d91d5b96ef001a10a383": "", "5ad4d91d5b96ef001a10a384": "", "5729ffda1d046914007796af": "vaccination.", "5729ffda1d046914007796b0": "immunization)", "5729ffda1d046914007796b1": "an antigen from a pathogen", "5729ffda1d046914007796b2": "specificity", "5ad4d8845b96ef001a10a344": "", "5ad4d8845b96ef001a10a345": "", "5ad4d8845b96ef001a10a346": "", "5ad4d8845b96ef001a10a347": "", "5ad4d8845b96ef001a10a348": "", "572a019f3f37b31900478643": "enzymes", "572a019f3f37b31900478644": "type III secretion system,", "572a019f3f37b31900478645": "shut down host defenses.", "572a019f3f37b31900478646": "elude host immune responses.", "5ad4f4405b96ef001a10a77e": "", "5ad4f4405b96ef001a10a77f": "", "5ad4f4405b96ef001a10a780": "", "5ad4f4405b96ef001a10a781": "", "5ad4f4405b96ef001a10a782": "", "572a02483f37b3190047864b": "Frank Burnet,", "572a02483f37b3190047864c": "(pathogens, an allograft)", "572a02483f37b3190047864d": "", "572a02483f37b3190047864e": "Niels Jerne,", "5ad4f11d5b96ef001a10a702": "", "5ad4f11d5b96ef001a10a703": "", "5ad4f11d5b96ef001a10a704": "", "5ad4f11d5b96ef001a10a705": "", "5ad4f11d5b96ef001a10a706": "", "572a03086aef0514001551a2": "Glucocorticoids", "572a03086aef0514001551a3": "cytotoxic or immunosuppressive drugs", "572a03086aef0514001551a4": "methotrexate or azathioprine.", "572a03086aef0514001551a5": "cyclosporin", "5ad4ef8b5b96ef001a10a6b8": "", "5ad4ef8b5b96ef001a10a6b9": "", "5ad4ef8b5b96ef001a10a6ba": "", "5ad4ef8b5b96ef001a10a6bb": "", "5ad4ef8b5b96ef001a10a6bc": "", "572a04d51d046914007796cd": "cytotoxic natural killer cells and CTLs (cytotoxic T lymphocytes),", "572a04d51d046914007796ce": "cortisol and catecholamines,", "572a04d51d046914007796cf": "melatonin.", "572a04d51d046914007796d0": "free radical", "5ad4ec305b96ef001a10a668": "", "5ad4ec305b96ef001a10a669": "", "5ad4ec305b96ef001a10a66a": "", "5ad4ec305b96ef001a10a66b": "oxidative stress", "5ad4ec305b96ef001a10a66c": "", "572a058aaf94a219006aa751": "a vitamin D receptor.", "572a058aaf94a219006aa752": "calcitriol.", "572a058aaf94a219006aa753": "symbiotic", "572a058aaf94a219006aa754": "CYP27B1,", "572a058aaf94a219006aa755": "dendritic cells, keratinocytes and macrophages.", "5ad4e7eb5b96ef001a10a5f4": "", "5ad4e7eb5b96ef001a10a5f5": "", "5ad4e7eb5b96ef001a10a5f6": "", "5ad4e7eb5b96ef001a10a5f7": "", "5ad4e7eb5b96ef001a10a5f8": "", "572a06af3f37b31900478667": "Pattern recognition receptors", "572a06af3f37b31900478668": "defensins", "572a06af3f37b31900478669": "phagocytic cells", "572a06af3f37b3190047866a": "RNA interference pathway", "5ad4df065b96ef001a10a4f4": "", "5ad4df065b96ef001a10a4f5": "", "5ad4df065b96ef001a10a4f6": "", "5ad4df065b96ef001a10a4f7": "", "5ad4df065b96ef001a10a4f8": "", "572a07fc6aef0514001551dc": "immunoglobulins and T cell receptors)", "572a07fc6aef0514001551dd": "lamprey and hagfish.", "572a07fc6aef0514001551de": "Variable lymphocyte receptors", "572a07fc6aef0514001551df": "adaptive immune system", "5ad4d5e15b96ef001a10a298": "", "5ad4d5e15b96ef001a10a299": "", "5ad4d5e15b96ef001a10a29a": "", "5ad4d5e15b96ef001a10a29b": "", "5ad4d5e15b96ef001a10a29c": "", "572a096e6aef0514001551e4": "lymphocytes or an antibody-based humoral response.", "572a096e6aef0514001551e5": "restriction modification system", "572a096e6aef0514001551e6": "viral", "572a096e6aef0514001551e7": "CRISPR sequences", "5ad4de4c5b96ef001a10a4d8": "", "5ad4de4c5b96ef001a10a4d9": "", "5ad4de4c5b96ef001a10a4da": "", "5ad4de4c5b96ef001a10a4db": "", "5ad4de4c5b96ef001a10a4dc": "", "572a0a686aef0514001551ec": "\"cellular\" and \"humoral\" theories", "572a0a686aef0514001551ed": "Elie Metchnikoff,", "572a0a686aef0514001551ee": "phagocytes", "572a0a686aef0514001551ef": "Robert Koch and Emil von Behring,", "572a0a686aef0514001551f0": "soluble components", "5ad4f0675b96ef001a10a6e8": "", "5ad4f0675b96ef001a10a6e9": "", "5ad4f0675b96ef001a10a6ea": "", "5ad4f0675b96ef001a10a6eb": "", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f6": "cancers.", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f7": "MHC class I", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f8": "cytokine TGF-\u03b2,", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f9": "", "5ad4e56d5b96ef001a10a598": "", "5ad4e56d5b96ef001a10a599": "", "5ad4e56d5b96ef001a10a59a": "", "5ad4e56d5b96ef001a10a59b": "", "5ad4e56d5b96ef001a10a59c": "", "572a0bf96aef051400155204": "Hypersensitivity", "572a0bf96aef051400155205": "four", "572a0bf96aef051400155206": "Type I", "572a0bf96aef051400155207": "IgE,", "572a0bf96aef051400155208": "Type II", "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4a8": "", "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4a9": "", "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4aa": "", "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4ab": "", "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4ac": "", "572a0ce11d046914007796fd": "intracellular pathogenesis).", "572a0ce11d046914007796fe": "Salmonella", "572a0ce11d046914007796ff": "(Plasmodium falciparum)", "572a0ce11d04691400779700": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis,", "572a0ce11d04691400779701": "(protein A),", "5ad4f7895b96ef001a10a7f0": "", "5ad4f7895b96ef001a10a7f1": "", "5ad4f7895b96ef001a10a7f2": "", "5ad4f7895b96ef001a10a7f3": "", "5ad4f7895b96ef001a10a7f4": "", "572a0e4b6aef051400155214": "antigenic variation.", "572a0e4b6aef051400155215": "HIV,", "572a0e4b6aef051400155216": "", "572a0e4b6aef051400155217": "antigens", "5ad4f8255b96ef001a10a80e": "", "5ad4f8255b96ef001a10a80f": "", "5ad4f8255b96ef001a10a810": "", "5ad4f8255b96ef001a10a811": "", "5ad4f8255b96ef001a10a812": "", "572a0f073f37b3190047867f": "immune surveillance.", "572a0f073f37b31900478680": "human papillomavirus,", "572a0f073f37b31900478681": "tyrosinase", "572a0f073f37b31900478682": "melanomas.", "572a0f073f37b31900478683": "melanocytes)", "5ad4e4425b96ef001a10a572": "", "5ad4e4425b96ef001a10a573": "", "5ad4e4425b96ef001a10a574": "", "5ad4e4425b96ef001a10a575": "", "5ad4e4425b96ef001a10a576": "", "572a10cd6aef051400155222": "(>500 Da)", "572a10cd6aef051400155223": "hydrophilic", "572a10cd6aef051400155224": "Immunoproteomics", "572a10cd6aef051400155225": "B cells.", "572a10cd6aef051400155226": "immunoinformatics.", "5ad4f3a25b96ef001a10a758": "", "5ad4f3a25b96ef001a10a759": "", "5ad4f3a25b96ef001a10a75a": "", "5ad4f3a25b96ef001a10a75b": "", "5ad4f3a25b96ef001a10a75c": "", "572a12386aef051400155234": "leptin, pituitary growth hormone, and prolactin.", "572a12386aef051400155235": "APCs", "572a12386aef051400155236": "Th1,", "572a12386aef051400155237": "Th1", "5ad4eb355b96ef001a10a64c": "", "5ad4eb355b96ef001a10a64d": "", "5ad4eb355b96ef001a10a64e": "", "5ad4eb355b96ef001a10a64f": "", "5ad4eb355b96ef001a10a650": "", "572a135daf94a219006aa79f": "bacteriophage", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a0": "defensins,", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a1": "vaccination.", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a2": "Adaptive (or acquired) immunity", "5ad49d30ba00c4001a268dd4": "", "5ad49d30ba00c4001a268dd5": "", "5ad49d30ba00c4001a268dd6": "", "5ad49d30ba00c4001a268dd7": "", "5ad49d30ba00c4001a268dd8": "", "572a142e3f37b319004786b9": "carbohydrates", "572a142e3f37b319004786ba": "signal amplification", "572a142e3f37b319004786bb": "catalytic", "572a142e3f37b319004786bc": "by disrupting their plasma membrane.", "5ad4c6775b96ef001a10a010": "", "5ad4c6775b96ef001a10a011": "", "5ad4c6775b96ef001a10a012": "", "5ad4c6775b96ef001a10a013": "", "5ad4c6775b96ef001a10a014": "", "57293b843f37b31900478133": "United Nations,", "57293b843f37b31900478134": "the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP),", "57293b843f37b31900478135": "", "57293b843f37b31900478136": "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change", "57293b843f37b31900478137": "43/53", "5a3e2a95378766001a0024af": "", "5a3e2a95378766001a0024b0": "United Nations,", "5a3e2a95378766001a0024b1": "", "5a3e2a95378766001a0024b2": "", "5a3e2a95378766001a0024b3": "", "57293bc91d0469140077919b": "Hoesung Lee", "57293bc91d0469140077919c": "Korean", "57293bc91d0469140077919d": "Ismail El Gizouli,", "57293bc91d0469140077919e": "Rajendra K. Pachauri,", "57293bc91d0469140077919f": "February 2015.", "5a3e2ba4378766001a0024b9": "", "5a3e2ba4378766001a0024ba": "", "5a3e2ba4378766001a0024bb": "", "5a3e2ba4378766001a0024bc": "", "5a3e2ba4378766001a0024bd": "", "57293c246aef051400154bb8": "representatives appointed by governments and organizations.", "57293c246aef051400154bb9": "350", "57293c246aef051400154bba": "350 government officials and climate change experts.", "57293c246aef051400154bbb": "seven-eighths", "5a3e2dc0378766001a0024c3": "", "5a3e2dc0378766001a0024c4": "", "5a3e2dc0378766001a0024c5": "", "5a3e2dc0378766001a0024c6": "", "5a3e2dc0378766001a0024c7": "", "57293ca73f37b3190047815b": "1989", "57293ca73f37b3190047815c": "United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO),", "57293ca73f37b3190047815d": "the WMO,", "57293ca73f37b3190047815e": "UNEP", "57293ca73f37b3190047815f": "Financial Regulations and Rules of the WMO.", "5a3e2f07378766001a0024cd": "", "5a3e2f07378766001a0024ce": "", "5a3e2f07378766001a0024cf": "", "5a3e2f07378766001a0024d0": "", "5a3e2f07378766001a0024d1": "", "57293d116aef051400154bc8": "carry out research nor does it monitor climate related data.", "57293d116aef051400154bc9": "published sources.", "57293d116aef051400154bca": "non-peer-reviewed sources", "57293d116aef051400154bcb": "model results, reports from government agencies and non-governmental organizations, and industry journals.", "5a3e307f378766001a0024d7": "", "5a3e307f378766001a0024d8": "", "5a3e307f378766001a0024d9": "", "5a3e307f378766001a0024da": "", "5a3e307f378766001a0024db": "", "57293d6d1d046914007791b7": "two", "57293d6d1d046914007791b8": "ten to fifteen", "57293d6d1d046914007791b9": "a somewhat larger number", "57293d6d1d046914007791ba": "\"coordinating lead authors\",", "57293d6d1d046914007791bb": "Working Group chairs.", "5a3e488b378766001a00253b": "", "5a3e488b378766001a00253c": "two", "5a3e488b378766001a00253d": "", "5a3e488b378766001a00253e": "", "5a3e488b378766001a00253f": "", "57293e221d046914007791d5": "substantially increasing the atmospheric concentrations", "57293e221d046914007791d6": "warming of the Earth's surface.", "57293e221d046914007791d7": "over half", "57293e221d046914007791d8": "\"business as usual\"", "57293e221d046914007791d9": "0.3 to 0.6 \u00b0C", "5a3e3405378766001a0024e1": "", "5a3e3405378766001a0024e2": "", "5a3e3405378766001a0024e3": "", "5a3e3405378766001a0024e4": "", "5a3e3405378766001a0024e5": "The unequivocal detection of the enhanced greenhouse effect is not likely for a decade or more.", "57293e983f37b3190047818b": "2001", "57293e983f37b3190047818c": "16", "57293e983f37b3190047818d": "Science", "57293e983f37b3190047818e": "at least 90% certain", "57293e983f37b3190047818f": "between 1.4 and 5.8 \u00b0C above 1990 levels", "5a3e3614378766001a0024eb": "", "5a3e3614378766001a0024ec": "", "5a3e3614378766001a0024ed": "Science", "5a3e3614378766001a0024ee": "", "5a3e3614378766001a0024ef": "", "57293f353f37b3190047819b": "Richard Lindzen", "57293f353f37b3190047819c": "does not faithfully summarize the full WGI report.", "57293f353f37b3190047819d": "", "57293f353f37b3190047819e": "co-chair of TAR WGI,", "57293f353f37b3190047819f": "must be supported by scientific evidence.", "5a3e3752378766001a0024f5": "", "5a3e3752378766001a0024f6": "", "5a3e3752378766001a0024f7": "Richard Lindzen", "5a3e3752378766001a0024f8": "", "5a3e3752378766001a0024f9": "the SPM", "57293f8a6aef051400154bde": "follows the same procedures", "57293f8a6aef051400154bdf": "2011", "57293f8a6aef051400154be0": "2011", "57293f8a6aef051400154be1": "requested by governments.", "5a3e3907378766001a0024ff": "", "5a3e3907378766001a002500": "", "5a3e3907378766001a002501": "", "5a3e3907378766001a002502": "Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation (SRREN)", "5a3e3907378766001a002503": "", "572940246aef051400154bec": "Data Distribution Centre and the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme,", "572940246aef051400154bed": "default emission factors,", "572940246aef051400154bee": "fuel consumption, industrial production and so on.", "572940246aef051400154bef": "WMO Executive Council and UNEP Governing Council", "5a3e3aa9378766001a002509": "", "5a3e3aa9378766001a00250a": "", "5a3e3aa9378766001a00250b": "", "5a3e3aa9378766001a00250c": "", "5a3e3aa9378766001a00250d": "", "572940973f37b319004781a5": "date", "572940973f37b319004781a6": "\"the poor application of well-established IPCC procedures", "572940973f37b319004781a7": "an ICSI report", "572940973f37b319004781a8": "WWF report,", "5a3e495c378766001a002545": "", "5a3e495c378766001a002547": "", "5a3e495c378766001a002548": "", "5a3e495c378766001a002549": "", "572941273f37b319004781ad": "chairman", "572941273f37b319004781ae": "making it seem like climate change is more serious by overstating the impact. That is worrying. The IPCC needs to look at this trend in the errors and ask why it happened\". Martin Parry, a climate expert who had been co-chair", "572941273f37b319004781af": "co-chair of the IPCC working group II,", "572941273f37b319004781b0": "Himalayan glaciers", "572941273f37b319004781b1": "\"generally unfounded and also marginal to the assessment\".", "5a3e3de4378766001a002513": "Robert Watson", "5a3e3de4378766001a002514": "", "5a3e3de4378766001a002515": "", "5a3e3de4378766001a002516": "Himalayan glaciers", "5a3e3de4378766001a002517": "", "57294209af94a219006aa201": "1999", "57294209af94a219006aa202": "Michael E. Mann, Raymond S. Bradley and Malcolm K. Hughes", "57294209af94a219006aa203": "\"hockey stick graph\".", "57294209af94a219006aa204": "Jones et al. 1998, Pollack, Huang & Shen 1998, Crowley & Lowery 2000 and Briffa 2000,", "5a3e40d1378766001a00251d": "", "5a3e40d1378766001a00251e": "", "5a3e40d1378766001a00251f": "", "5a3e40d1378766001a002520": "", "5a3e40d1378766001a002521": "", "57294279af94a219006aa209": "1000 and 1900,", "57294279af94a219006aa20a": "Fred Singer's", "57294279af94a219006aa20b": "Capitol Hill, Washington, D.C.,", "57294279af94a219006aa20c": "18 July 2000.", "57294279af94a219006aa20d": "Commerce, Science and Transportation", "5a3e42de378766001a002527": "", "5a3e42de378766001a002528": "", "5a3e42de378766001a002529": "", "5a3e42de378766001a00252a": "", "5a3e42de378766001a00252b": "", "572943ab1d04691400779219": "Rep. Joe Barton,", "572943ab1d0469140077921a": "Ed Whitfield,", "572943ab1d0469140077921b": "23 June 2005,", "572943ab1d0469140077921c": "Sherwood Boehlert,", "572943ab1d0469140077921d": "Sherwood Boehlert,", "5a3e44ea378766001a002531": "Mann, Bradley and Hughes.", "5a3e44ea378766001a002532": "", "5a3e44ea378766001a002533": "", "5a3e44ea378766001a002534": "", "5a3e44ea378766001a002535": "", "572944e03f37b319004781e1": "2007", "572944e03f37b319004781e2": "2001", "572944e03f37b319004781e3": "", "572944e03f37b319004781e4": "Ten", "572944e03f37b319004781e5": "divergence", "5a3e582e378766001a00259f": "", "5a3e582e378766001a0025a0": "", "5a3e582e378766001a0025a1": "", "5a3e582e378766001a0025a2": "", "5a3e582e378766001a0025a3": "", "572945b11d0469140077922f": "", "572945b11d04691400779230": "actual temperature rise was near the top end of the range given by IPCC's 2001 projection,", "572945b11d04691400779231": "the actual temperature rise was near the top end of the range given by IPCC's 2001 projection,", "572945b11d04691400779232": "the actual temperature rise was near the top end of the range given by IPCC's 2001 projection, and the actual sea level rise was above the top of the range of the IPCC projection.", "5a3e5697378766001a002595": "", "5a3e5697378766001a002596": "six", "5a3e5697378766001a002597": "", "5a3e5697378766001a002598": "", "5a3e5697378766001a002599": "", "572949306aef051400154c68": "", "572949306aef051400154c69": "9\u201388 cm", "572949306aef051400154c6a": "0.5\u20131.4 m [50\u2013140 cm] above 1990 levels.", "572949306aef051400154c6b": "2001", "5a3e4a34378766001a00254f": "", "5a3e4a34378766001a002550": "", "5a3e4a34378766001a002551": "the IPCC", "5a3e4a34378766001a002552": "", "5a3e4a34378766001a002553": "", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26b": "coordinating lead author", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26c": "Science Magazine's", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26d": "smaller assessments of special problems", "5a3e4c01378766001a002559": "", "5a3e4c01378766001a00255a": "2008-2009", "5a3e4c01378766001a00255b": "", "5a3e4c01378766001a00255c": "", "5a3e4c01378766001a00255d": "", "57294e6b1d04691400779275": "Montreal Protocol", "57294e6b1d04691400779276": "Climate Change,", "57294e6b1d04691400779277": "", "5a3e4e57378766001a002563": "", "5a3e4e57378766001a002564": "", "5a3e4e57378766001a002565": "", "5a3e4e57378766001a002566": "", "5a3e4e57378766001a002567": "", "5729506d6aef051400154cac": "Sheldon Ungar's", "5729506d6aef051400154cad": "varying regional cost-benefit analysis and burden-sharing conflicts with regard to the distribution of emission reductions", "5729506d6aef051400154cae": "regional burden sharing conflicts.", "5729506d6aef051400154caf": "the UK government", "5a3e5014378766001a002577": "Sheldon Ungar's", "5a3e5014378766001a002578": "", "5a3e5014378766001a002579": "", "5a3e5014378766001a00257a": "", "5a3e5014378766001a00257b": "", "5729517d6aef051400154cc8": "scientific papers and independently documented results from other scientific bodies,", "5729517d6aef051400154cc9": "any significant new evidence or events that change our understanding of climate science", "5729517d6aef051400154cca": "the IPCC", "5a3e51b6378766001a002581": "", "5a3e51b6378766001a002582": "", "5a3e51b6378766001a002584": "", "5a3e51b6378766001a002585": "", "572951f16aef051400154cce": "five", "572951f16aef051400154ccf": "Nature", "572951f16aef051400154cd0": "dumping it in favor of a small permanent body,", "572951f16aef051400154cd1": "employ a full-time staff and remove government oversight from its processes", "5a3e539a378766001a00258b": "", "5a3e539a378766001a00258c": "", "5a3e539a378766001a00258d": "", "5a3e539a378766001a00258e": "", "5a3e539a378766001a00258f": "", "57296d571d04691400779413": "itself.", "57296d571d04691400779414": "", "57296d571d04691400779415": "The fundamental theorem of arithmetic", "57296d571d04691400779416": "primes", "57296d571d04691400779417": "one can include arbitrarily many instances of 1 in any factorization,", "5a89117e19b91f001a626f2d": "", "5a89117e19b91f001a626f2e": "composite number.", "5a89117e19b91f001a626f2f": "", "5a89117e19b91f001a626f30": "", "5a89117e19b91f001a626f31": "", "57296f293f37b319004783a3": "primality.", "57296f293f37b319004783a4": "trial division. It consists of testing whether n is a multiple of any integer between 2 and .", "57296f293f37b319004783a5": "Miller\u2013Rabin primality test,", "57296f293f37b319004783a6": "Miller\u2013Rabin primality test,", "57296f293f37b319004783a7": "22,338,618", "5a89128d3b2508001a72a494": "", "5a89128d3b2508001a72a495": "", "5a89128d3b2508001a72a496": "", "5a89128d3b2508001a72a497": "", "5a89128d3b2508001a72a498": "", "572970c11d04691400779463": "infinitely many", "572970c11d04691400779464": "Euclid", "572970c11d04691400779465": "statistical", "572970c11d04691400779466": "the prime number theorem,", "572970c11d04691400779467": "end of the 19th century,", "5a8913713b2508001a72a49e": "", "5a8913713b2508001a72a49f": "", "5a8913713b2508001a72a4a0": "", "5a8913713b2508001a72a4a1": "", "5a8913713b2508001a72a4a2": "", "5729727baf94a219006aa437": "Goldbach's conjecture", "5729727baf94a219006aa438": "the twin prime conjecture", "5729727baf94a219006aa439": "algebraic", "5729727baf94a219006aa43a": "public-key cryptography,", "5729727baf94a219006aa43b": "prime ideals.", "5a89150d3b2508001a72a4a8": "Goldbach's conjecture", "5a89150d3b2508001a72a4a9": "", "5a89150d3b2508001a72a4aa": "", "5a89150d3b2508001a72a4ab": "public-key cryptography,", "5a89150d3b2508001a72a4ac": "", "572973f76aef051400154f0a": "", "572973f76aef051400154f0b": "", "572973f76aef051400154f0c": "odd prime", "572973f76aef051400154f0d": "9", "572973f76aef051400154f0e": "even numbers", "5a8917433b2508001a72a4b2": "", "5a8917433b2508001a72a4b3": "", "5a8917433b2508001a72a4b4": "", "5a8917433b2508001a72a4b5": "", "5a8917433b2508001a72a4b6": "", "57297547af94a219006aa45b": "1", "57297547af94a219006aa45c": "Christian Goldbach", "57297547af94a219006aa45d": "Leonhard Euler", "57297547af94a219006aa45e": "10,006,721,", "57297547af94a219006aa45f": "prime", "5a8919843b2508001a72a4bc": "", "5a8919843b2508001a72a4bd": "", "5a8919843b2508001a72a4be": "", "5a8919843b2508001a72a4bf": "", "5a8919843b2508001a72a4c0": "", "57297781af94a219006aa4a3": "Euclid's fundamental theorem of arithmetic", "57297781af94a219006aa4a4": "1 were considered a prime:", "57297781af94a219006aa4a5": "the sum of divisors function.", "57297781af94a219006aa4a6": "sum of divisors", "57297781af94a219006aa4a7": "only the single number 1.", "5a8923a23b2508001a72a4c6": "", "5a8923a23b2508001a72a4c7": "", "5a8923a23b2508001a72a4c8": "the sum of divisors function.", "5a8923a23b2508001a72a4c9": "", "5a8923a23b2508001a72a4ca": "", "572978f91d046914007794d3": "Rhind papyrus,", "572978f91d046914007794d4": "Ancient Greeks.", "572978f91d046914007794d5": "Euclid's Elements", "572978f91d046914007794d6": "Euclid", "572978f91d046914007794d7": "compute primes,", "5a8925e53b2508001a72a4d0": "", "5a8925e53b2508001a72a4d1": "", "5a8925e53b2508001a72a4d2": "", "5a8925e53b2508001a72a4d3": "", "5a8925e53b2508001a72a4d4": "", "57297a276aef051400154f88": "1640", "57297a276aef051400154f89": "Euler).", "57297a276aef051400154f8a": "22n + 1", "57297a276aef051400154f8b": "up to n = 4", "57297a276aef051400154f8c": "2p \u2212 1, with p a prime.", "5a8929e43b2508001a72a4da": "", "5a8929e43b2508001a72a4db": "", "5a8929e43b2508001a72a4dc": "", "5a8929e43b2508001a72a4dd": "", "5a8929e43b2508001a72a4de": "", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c7": "trial division.", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c8": "a complete list of primes up to is known\u2014then", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c9": "1", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4ca": "the square root of n.", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4cb": "three", "5a892b473b2508001a72a4e4": "trial division.", "5a892b473b2508001a72a4e5": "a complete list of primes up to is known\u2014then", "5a892b473b2508001a72a4e6": "the square root of n.", "5a892b473b2508001a72a4e7": "the square root of n.", "5a892b473b2508001a72a4e8": "three", "57297d421d046914007794e5": "two", "57297d421d046914007794e6": "probabilistic (or \"Monte Carlo\")", "57297d421d046914007794e7": "deterministic algorithms.", "57297d421d046914007794e8": "deterministic", "57297d421d046914007794e9": "1/(1-p)n,", "5a892d303b2508001a72a4ee": "", "5a892d303b2508001a72a4ef": "", "5a892d303b2508001a72a4f0": "", "5a892d303b2508001a72a4f1": "", "5a892d303b2508001a72a4f2": "1/(1-p)n,", "57297ed93f37b3190047845f": "the Fermat primality test,", "57297ed93f37b31900478460": "(Fermat's little theorem) that np\u2261n (mod p) for any n if p is a prime number.", "57297ed93f37b31900478461": "(the Carmichael numbers)", "57297ed93f37b31900478462": "Baillie-PSW,", "57297ed93f37b31900478463": "Baillie-PSW, Miller-Rabin, and Solovay-Strassen tests,", "5a892e8e3b2508001a72a4f8": "", "5a892e8e3b2508001a72a4f9": "", "5a892e8e3b2508001a72a4fa": "", "5a892e8e3b2508001a72a4fb": "", "5a892e8e3b2508001a72a4fc": "", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d1": "2p + 1 with p prime),", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d2": "", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d3": "Lucas\u2013Lehmer test", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d4": "Sophie Germain primes", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d5": "Sophie Germain primes", "5a8930573b2508001a72a502": "", "5a8930573b2508001a72a503": "", "5a8930573b2508001a72a504": "Lucas\u2013Lehmer test", "5a8930573b2508001a72a505": "Sophie Germain primes", "5a8930573b2508001a72a506": "", "572982e66aef051400154f92": "distributed computing. In 2009, the Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search project was awarded a US$100,000 prize for first discovering a prime with at least 10 million digits.", "572982e66aef051400154f93": "2009", "572982e66aef051400154f94": "US$100,000", "572982e66aef051400154f95": "The Electronic Frontier Foundation", "572982e76aef051400154f96": "[256kn + 1, 256k(n + 1) \u2212 1].[citation", "5a89320b3b2508001a72a50c": "", "5a89320b3b2508001a72a50d": "", "5a89320b3b2508001a72a50e": "", "5a89320b3b2508001a72a50f": "", "5a89320b3b2508001a72a510": "[256kn + 1, 256k(n + 1) \u2212 1].[citation", "572985011d04691400779501": "the floor function,", "572985011d04691400779502": "Chebyshev),", "572985011d04691400779503": "n > 3", "572985011d04691400779504": "n < p < 2n \u2212 2,", "572985011d04691400779505": "Wilson's theorem", "5a8933ed3b2508001a72a516": "", "5a8933ed3b2508001a72a517": "Chebyshev),", "5a8933ed3b2508001a72a518": "", "5a8933ed3b2508001a72a519": "", "5a8933ed3b2508001a72a51a": "", "572987e46aef051400154fa2": "their greatest common divisor is one.", "572987e46aef051400154fa3": "Dirichlet's theorem", "572987e46aef051400154fa4": "1/6", "572987e46aef051400154fa5": "", "572987e46aef051400154fa6": "", "5a89357c3b2508001a72a520": "", "5a89357c3b2508001a72a521": "", "5a89357c3b2508001a72a522": "", "5a89357c3b2508001a72a523": "", "5a89357c3b2508001a72a524": "", "572989846aef051400154fc0": "The zeta function", "572989846aef051400154fc1": "finite value.", "572989846aef051400154fc2": "diverges", "572989846aef051400154fc3": "exceeds any given number),", "572989846aef051400154fc4": "modern algebraic number theory", "5a8937553b2508001a72a52a": "", "5a8937553b2508001a72a52b": "", "5a8937553b2508001a72a52c": "", "5a8937553b2508001a72a52d": "", "5a8937553b2508001a72a52e": "", "57298ef11d0469140077952d": "1859,", "57298ef11d0469140077952e": "s = \u22122, \u22124, ...,", "57298ef11d0469140077952f": "", "57298ef11d04691400779530": "asymptotic distribution", "57298ef11d04691400779531": "asymptotic", "5a89392f3b2508001a72a534": "", "5a89392f3b2508001a72a535": "s = \u22122, \u22124, ...,", "5a89392f3b2508001a72a536": "", "5a89392f3b2508001a72a537": "", "5a89392f3b2508001a72a538": "", "57299021af94a219006aa50b": "1912", "57299021af94a219006aa50c": "Goldbach's conjecture,", "57299021af94a219006aa50d": "n = 2 \u00b7 1017.", "57299021af94a219006aa50e": "Vinogradov's theorem", "57299021af94a219006aa50f": "Chen's theorem", "5a893a003b2508001a72a53e": "", "5a893a003b2508001a72a53f": "", "5a893a003b2508001a72a540": "", "5a893a003b2508001a72a541": "Vinogradov's theorem", "5a893a003b2508001a72a542": "", "572991943f37b319004784a1": "(twin prime conjecture).", "572991943f37b319004784a2": "pairs of primes with difference 2", "572991943f37b319004784a3": "Polignac's conjecture", "572991943f37b319004784a4": "", "572991943f37b319004784a5": "Brocard's conjecture", "5a893bd73b2508001a72a548": "", "5a893bd73b2508001a72a549": "", "5a893bd73b2508001a72a54a": "", "5a893bd73b2508001a72a54b": "", "5a893bd73b2508001a72a54c": "", "57299326af94a219006aa515": "number theory", "57299326af94a219006aa516": "G. H. Hardy", "57299326af94a219006aa517": "1970s,", "57299326af94a219006aa518": "hash tables and pseudorandom number generators.", "57299326af94a219006aa519": "pseudorandom", "5a893ce63b2508001a72a552": "", "5a893ce63b2508001a72a553": "", "5a893ce63b2508001a72a554": "", "5a893ce63b2508001a72a555": "", "5a893ce63b2508001a72a556": "", "572995d46aef051400154fe8": "recurring", "572995d46aef051400154fe9": "p \u2212 1 or a divisor of p \u2212 1.", "572995d46aef051400154fea": "(p \u2212 1)! + 1", "572995d46aef051400154feb": "(n \u2212 1)!", "572995d46aef051400154fec": "p is not a prime factor of q.", "5a8940ba3b2508001a72a55c": "recurring", "5a8940ba3b2508001a72a55d": "", "5a8940ba3b2508001a72a55e": "(p \u2212 1)! + 1", "5a8940ba3b2508001a72a55f": "(n \u2212 1)!", "5a8940ba3b2508001a72a560": "", "572996c73f37b319004784b3": "RSA", "572996c73f37b319004784b4": "Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange,", "572996c73f37b319004784b5": "512", "572996c73f37b319004784b6": "modular", "572996c73f37b319004784b7": "1024", "5a8942233b2508001a72a566": "", "5a8942233b2508001a72a567": "", "5a8942233b2508001a72a568": "", "5a8942233b2508001a72a569": "", "5a8942233b2508001a72a56a": "", "572998673f37b319004784d5": "cicadas", "572998673f37b319004784d6": "underground.", "572998673f37b319004784d7": "17", "572998673f37b319004784d8": "the prime number intervals between emergences make it very difficult for predators to evolve", "572998673f37b319004784d9": "2%", "5a8943753b2508001a72a570": "", "5a8943753b2508001a72a571": "", "5a8943753b2508001a72a572": "", "5a8943753b2508001a72a573": "", "5a8943753b2508001a72a574": "2%", "57299a6f6aef051400155016": "minimality or indecomposability,", "57299a6f6aef051400155017": "the smallest subfield", "57299a6f6aef051400155018": "it cannot be written as the knot sum of two nontrivial knots.", "57299a6f6aef051400155019": "as a connected sum of prime knots.", "57299a6f6aef05140015501a": "any object can be, essentially uniquely, decomposed into its prime components.", "5a8944653b2508001a72a57a": "", "5a8944653b2508001a72a57b": "", "5a8944653b2508001a72a57c": "", "5a8944653b2508001a72a57d": "", "5a8944653b2508001a72a57e": "", "57299c2c6aef051400155020": "commutative ring R,", "57299c2c6aef051400155021": "prime elements", "57299c2c6aef051400155022": "irreducible elements. An element p of R is called prime element if it is neither zero nor a unit (i.e., does not have a multiplicative inverse) and satisfies the following requirement: given x and y in R such that p divides the product xy, then p divides x or y.", "57299c2c6aef051400155023": "given x and y in R such that p divides the product xy, then p divides x or y.", "57299c2c6aef051400155024": "if it is not a unit", "5a8945a43b2508001a72a584": "prime elements", "5a8945a43b2508001a72a585": "", "5a8945a43b2508001a72a586": "", "5a8945a43b2508001a72a587": "", "5a8945a43b2508001a72a588": "", "57299d1c1d04691400779581": "The fundamental theorem of arithmetic", "57299d1c1d04691400779582": "the Gaussian integers", "57299d1c1d04691400779583": "a + bi", "57299d1c1d04691400779584": "arbitrary integers.", "57299d1c1d04691400779585": "4k + 3", "5a89464f3b2508001a72a58e": "", "5a89464f3b2508001a72a58f": "", "5a89464f3b2508001a72a590": "", "5a89464f3b2508001a72a591": "", "5a89464f3b2508001a72a592": "", "57299ec43f37b3190047850d": "ring theory,", "57299ec43f37b3190047850e": "Prime", "57299ec43f37b3190047850f": "algebraic", "57299ec43f37b31900478510": "The fundamental theorem of arithmetic", "57299ec43f37b31900478511": "Noetherian", "5a89473c3b2508001a72a598": "", "5a89473c3b2508001a72a599": "", "5a89473c3b2508001a72a59a": "", "5a89473c3b2508001a72a59b": "Lasker\u2013Noether theorem,", "5a89473c3b2508001a72a59c": "", "5729a03f1d04691400779593": "Prime ideals", "5729a03f1d04691400779594": "ramification", "5729a03f1d04691400779595": "ring of integers", "5729a03f1d04691400779596": "", "5a8949463b2508001a72a5a2": "", "5a8949463b2508001a72a5a3": "", "5a8949463b2508001a72a5a4": "", "5a8949463b2508001a72a5a5": "", "5a8949463b2508001a72a5a6": "", "5729a26d6aef05140015505a": "gets smaller", "5729a26d6aef05140015505b": "completed (or local) fields.", "5729a26d6aef05140015505c": "the absolute value", "5729a26d6aef05140015505d": "local-global principle", "5a894a483b2508001a72a5ac": "", "5a894a483b2508001a72a5ad": "completed (or local) fields.", "5a894a483b2508001a72a5ae": "", "5a894a483b2508001a72a5af": "", "5a894a483b2508001a72a5b0": "", "5729a3716aef05140015506a": "Olivier Messiaen", "5729a3716aef05140015506b": "La Nativit\u00e9 du Seigneur", "5729a3716aef05140015506c": "Quatre \u00e9tudes de rythme", "5729a3716aef05140015506d": "", "5729a3716aef05140015506e": "the movements of nature,", "5a894b333b2508001a72a5b6": "Olivier Messiaen", "5a894b333b2508001a72a5b7": "", "5a894b333b2508001a72a5b8": "", "5a894b333b2508001a72a5b9": "", "5a894b333b2508001a72a5ba": "", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55c": "North Sea", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55d": "Cologne,", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55e": "Danube),", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55f": "1,230 km (760 mi),[note", "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e37": "Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden in the southeastern Swiss Alps,", "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3a": "Netherlands.", "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3b": "1,230 km (760 mi),[note", "5ad25e17d7d075001a428f12": "", "5ad25e17d7d075001a428f13": "", "5ad25e17d7d075001a428f14": "", "5ad25e17d7d075001a428f15": "", "5ad25e17d7d075001a428f16": "", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56b": "the Gaulish name R\u0113nos,", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56c": "Rhin", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56d": "*R\u012bnaz,", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56e": "(1st century BC)", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad7": "the Gaulish name R\u0113nos,", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad8": "Rhin", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad9": "*R\u012bnaz,", "572fe288a23a5019007fcada": "Rijn", "572fe288a23a5019007fcadb": "Rhijn)).", "5ad262fbd7d075001a4290dc": "", "5ad262fbd7d075001a4290dd": "", "5ad262fbd7d075001a4290de": "", "5ad262fbd7d075001a4290df": "", "572f567cb2c2fd140056803f": "\"Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer),", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568040": "1939", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568041": "Old Rhine Bridge at Constance", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568042": "Hoek van Holland", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568043": "canalisation projects", "572fe393947a6a140053cdba": "\"Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer),", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbb": "1939", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbc": "Old Rhine Bridge at Constance", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbd": "Hoek van Holland", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbe": "canalisation projects", "5ad2649ad7d075001a429160": "(0 km)", "5ad2649ad7d075001a429161": "", "5ad2649ad7d075001a429162": "", "5ad2649ad7d075001a429163": "", "5ad2649ad7d075001a429164": "", "572f5703a23a5019007fc573": "to the north", "572f5703a23a5019007fc574": "nearly 86 km long,", "572f5703a23a5019007fc575": "Rhine Valley", "572f5703a23a5019007fc576": "", "572f5703a23a5019007fc577": "Austria", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4b": "near Chur.", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4c": "nearly 86 km long,", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4d": "599 m to 396 m.", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4e": "Rhine Valley", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4f": "", "5ad2660dd7d075001a4291d8": "", "5ad2660dd7d075001a4291d9": "", "5ad2660dd7d075001a4291da": "", "5ad2660dd7d075001a4291db": "", "5ad2660dd7d075001a4291dc": "", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686d": "Lake Constance", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686e": "the Alter Rhein (\"Old Rhine\")", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686f": "a modern canalized section.", "572f57c704bcaa1900d76870": "\"Isel\"", "572f57c704bcaa1900d76871": "", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e55": "Lake Constance", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e56": "a modern canalized section.", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e57": "the Alter Rhein (\"Old Rhine\")", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e58": "", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e59": "", "5ad268a9d7d075001a42927e": "The mouth of the Rhine", "5ad268a9d7d075001a42927f": "", "5ad268a9d7d075001a429280": "", "5ad268a9d7d075001a429281": "", "5ad268a9d7d075001a429282": "", "572f5875947a6a140053c89a": "Diepoldsau", "572f5875947a6a140053c89b": "Fu\u00dfach,", "572f5875947a6a140053c89c": "strong sedimentation", "572f5875947a6a140053c89d": "parallel to the canalized Rhine", "572f5875947a6a140053c89e": "", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e69": "Fu\u00dfach,", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6a": "Diepoldsau", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6b": "to counteract the constant flooding and strong sedimentation in the western Rhine Delta.", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6c": "The Dornbirner Ach", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6d": "input of sediment", "5ad26aa8d7d075001a429320": "Fu\u00dfach,", "5ad26aa8d7d075001a429321": "", "5ad26aa8d7d075001a429322": "", "5ad26aa8d7d075001a429323": "", "5ad26aa8d7d075001a429324": "", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57d": "three", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57e": "Seerhein", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57f": "(\"upper lake\"),", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc580": "(\"lower lake\"),", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc581": "Swiss-Austrian", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858b": "three", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858c": "Austria", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858d": "the Alps.", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858e": "", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858f": "", "5ad26d27d7d075001a4293c0": "", "5ad26d27d7d075001a4293c1": "", "5ad26d27d7d075001a4293c2": "", "5ad26d27d7d075001a4293c3": "", "5ad26d27d7d075001a4293c4": "", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc587": "greater density of cold water.", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc588": "", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc589": "Lindau.", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58a": "Lake \u00dcberlingen.", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58b": "", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e95": "", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e96": "", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e97": "Lake \u00dcberlingen.", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e98": "(\"Rhine Gutter\")", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e99": "water level,", "5ad26fafd7d075001a42942c": "", "5ad26fafd7d075001a42942d": "", "5ad26fafd7d075001a42942e": "", "5ad26fafd7d075001a42942f": "", "5ad26fafd7d075001a429430": "", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5af": "generally westward,", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b0": "river Aare.", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b1": "more than doubles the Rhine's water discharge, to an average of nearly 1,000 m3/s (35,000 cu ft/s),", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b2": "Finsteraarhorn,", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b3": "Basel,", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde0": "generally westward,", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde1": "river Aare.", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde2": "more than doubles the Rhine's water discharge, to an average of nearly 1,000 m3/s (35,000 cu ft/s),", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde3": "Finsteraarhorn,", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde4": "German", "5ad2741ed7d075001a4294d4": "", "5ad2741ed7d075001a4294d5": "", "5ad2741ed7d075001a4294d6": "", "5ad2741ed7d075001a4294d7": "", "5ad2741ed7d075001a4294d8": "", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ea": "Basel,", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8eb": "\"Rhine knee\";", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ec": "the Central Bridge", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ed": "300 km long", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ee": "40 km wide.", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf2": "Basel,", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf3": "\"Rhine knee\";", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf4": "North", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf5": "High Rhine", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf6": "the Central Bridge", "5ad275c8d7d075001a429504": "", "5ad275c8d7d075001a429505": "", "5ad275c8d7d075001a429506": "", "5ad275c8d7d075001a429507": "", "5ad275c8d7d075001a429508": "", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b7": "19th", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b8": "increased", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b9": "the ground water level fell significantly.", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680ba": "Grand Canal d'Alsace", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680bb": "large compensation pools,", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5b": "The Upper Rhine", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5c": "19th Century.", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5d": "increased", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5e": "fell significantly.", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5f": "Grand Canal d'Alsace", "5ad278add7d075001a429572": "", "5ad278add7d075001a429573": "", "5ad278add7d075001a429574": "", "5ad278add7d075001a429575": "", "5ad278add7d075001a429576": "", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cb": "The Rhine", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cc": "Germany.", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cd": "300 m3/s (11,000 cu ft/s).", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680ce": "the Moselle,", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cf": "400 m (1,300 ft).", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef5": "Germany", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef6": "Germany", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef7": "the Moselle,", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef8": "France", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef9": "2,290 m3/s (81,000 cu ft/s)", "5ad27abcd7d075001a42962a": "", "5ad27abcd7d075001a42962b": "", "5ad27abcd7d075001a42962c": "", "5ad27abcd7d075001a42962d": "", "5ad27abcd7d075001a42962e": "", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5eb": "Middle Rhine", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ec": "Rhine Gorge,", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ed": "erosion.", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ee": "\"the Romantic Rhine\",", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76eff": "Middle Rhine", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f00": "Rhine Gorge,", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f02": "many castles and vineyards.", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f03": "\"the Romantic Rhine\",", "5ad27d5dd7d075001a4296bc": "", "5ad27d5dd7d075001a4296bd": "", "5ad27d5dd7d075001a4296be": "", "5ad27d5dd7d075001a4296bf": "", "5ad27d5dd7d075001a4296c0": "", "572f6c85947a6a140053c940": "", "572f6c85947a6a140053c941": "Lower Rhine", "572f6c85947a6a140053c942": "Duisburg.", "572f6c85947a6a140053c943": "The Ruhr,", "572f6c85947a6a140053c944": "drinking water.", "572ff293947a6a140053ce52": "a major source of water pollution.", "572ff293947a6a140053ce53": "Lower Rhine", "572ff293947a6a140053ce54": "", "572ff293947a6a140053ce55": "Duisburg", "572ff293947a6a140053ce56": "The Ruhr,", "5ad27f33d7d075001a429752": "", "5ad27f33d7d075001a429753": "", "5ad27f33d7d075001a429754": "", "5ad27f33d7d075001a429755": "", "5ad27f33d7d075001a429756": "the Emscher,", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc621": "tourism.", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc622": "R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc623": "Lorelei.", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc624": "the Middle Rhine Valley", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce66": "tourism.", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce67": "UNESCO World Heritage Site.", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce68": "R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce69": "Lorelei.", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce6a": "Near Sankt Goarshausen,", "5ad28098d7d075001a4297b8": "", "5ad28098d7d075001a4297b9": "", "5ad28098d7d075001a4297ba": "", "5ad28098d7d075001a4297bb": "", "5ad28098d7d075001a4297bc": "narrow river banks", "572f7588947a6a140053c984": "", "572f7588947a6a140053c985": "Wesel-Datteln Canal,", "572f7588947a6a140053c986": "the Lippe.", "572f7588947a6a140053c987": "Emmerich Rhine Bridge,", "572f7588947a6a140053c988": "400 m", "572ff430a23a5019007fcba9": "The Lower Rhine", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbaa": "the Rhine-Ruhr region.", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbab": "(Duisport).", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbac": "Emmerich Rhine Bridge,", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbad": "400 m", "5ad28253d7d075001a429832": "", "5ad28253d7d075001a429833": "", "5ad28253d7d075001a429834": "", "5ad28253d7d075001a429835": "", "5ad28253d7d075001a429836": "", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568153": "Rijn", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568154": "the Meuse,", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568155": "Two thirds", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f24": "farther west,", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f25": "North Sea.", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f26": "the Meuse,", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f27": "The Oude Maas", "5ad2852ad7d075001a429892": "", "5ad2852ad7d075001a429893": "", "5ad2852ad7d075001a429894": "North Sea.", "5ad2852ad7d075001a429895": "", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a2": "Pannerdens Kanaal", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a3": "Nederrijn.", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a4": "the Lek.", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a5": "the Noord River", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2d": "Pannerdens Kanaal", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2e": "Nederrijn.", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2f": "one ninth", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f30": "the Lek.", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f31": "Wijk bij Duurstede,", "5ad286b4d7d075001a4298f6": "", "5ad286b4d7d075001a4298f7": "", "5ad286b4d7d075001a4298f8": "", "5ad286b4d7d075001a4298f9": "", "5ad286b4d7d075001a4298fa": "", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568657": "Rijn,", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568658": "draining the surrounding land and polders.", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568659": "Kromme Rijn (\"Bent Rhine\") past Utrecht, first Leidse Rijn (\"Rhine of Leiden\") and then, Oude Rijn (\"Old Rhine\").", "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865a": "(\"Bent Rhine\")", "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865b": "Oude Rijn", "5ad28861d7d075001a42993e": "", "5ad28861d7d075001a42993f": "", "5ad28861d7d075001a429940": "", "5ad28861d7d075001a429941": "", "5ad28861d7d075001a429942": "", "572ff673b2c2fd1400568669": "The Rhine-Meuse Delta,", "572ff673b2c2fd140056866a": "Millingen aan de Rijn,", "572ff673b2c2fd140056866b": "Rhine Delta", "5ad28a54d7d075001a4299a6": "", "5ad28a54d7d075001a4299a7": "", "5ad28a54d7d075001a4299a8": "", "5ad28a54d7d075001a4299a9": "", "5ad28a54d7d075001a4299aa": "Scheldt", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f51": "Nederrijn", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f52": "", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f53": "", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f54": "(\"the Rip\")", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f55": "(\"Old Meuse\"),", "5ad28c93d7d075001a429a0e": "", "5ad28c93d7d075001a429a0f": "", "5ad28c93d7d075001a429a10": "", "5ad28c93d7d075001a429a11": "", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568681": "St. Elizabeth's flood", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568682": "(1421),", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568683": "just south of today's line Merwede-Oude Maas to the North Sea", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568684": "", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568685": "From 1421 to 1904,", "5ad28ea7d7d075001a429a50": "", "5ad28ea7d7d075001a429a51": "", "5ad28ea7d7d075001a429a52": "(1421),", "5ad28ea7d7d075001a429a53": "", "5ad28ea7d7d075001a429a54": "", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcd": "(\"dammed\")", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbce": "drainage channels", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcf": "The construction of Delta Works", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbd0": "second half of the 20th Century", "5ad2909bd7d075001a429a9e": "", "5ad2909bd7d075001a429a9f": "", "5ad2909bd7d075001a429aa0": "", "5ad2909bd7d075001a429aa1": "", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869b": "tidal delta,", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869c": "", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869d": "tear huge areas of land into the sea.", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869e": "Zaltbommel.", "5ad292f0d7d075001a429ad4": "", "5ad292f0d7d075001a429ad5": "", "5ad292f0d7d075001a429ad6": "", "5ad292f0d7d075001a429ad7": "", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbe9": "Tethys sea.", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbea": "Triassic Period", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbeb": "Jurassic Period,", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbec": "Mediterranean geography:", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbed": "Iberia", "5ad295d4d7d075001a429afa": "", "5ad295d4d7d075001a429afb": "", "5ad295d4d7d075001a429afc": "", "5ad295d4d7d075001a429afd": "", "5ad295d4d7d075001a429afe": "", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b7": "N\u2013S", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b8": "Upper Rhine Graben,", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b9": "Miocene,", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686ba": "Danube", "5ad297dbd7d075001a429b2a": "", "5ad297dbd7d075001a429b2b": "", "5ad297dbd7d075001a429b2c": "", "5ad297dbd7d075001a429b2d": "", "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef0": "stream capture,", "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef1": "Pliocene period,", "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef2": "down to the Vosges Mountains,", "5ad2990cd7d075001a429b5e": "", "5ad2990cd7d075001a429b5f": "", "5ad2990cd7d075001a429b60": "", "5ad2990cd7d075001a429b61": "the Meuse,", "5ad2990cd7d075001a429b62": "", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc15": "the Ice Ages.", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc16": "six", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc17": "120 m (390 ft)", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc18": "northwest,", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc19": "offshore of Brest, France", "5ad29b43d7d075001a429bca": "11,600 years ago)", "5ad29b43d7d075001a429bcb": "", "5ad29b43d7d075001a429bcc": "", "5ad29b43d7d075001a429bcd": "", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e5": "~74,000", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e6": "(~11,600 BP).", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e7": "west", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e8": "", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e9": "", "5ad29d35d7d075001a429c12": "", "5ad29d35d7d075001a429c13": "", "5ad29d35d7d075001a429c14": "", "5ad29d35d7d075001a429c15": "", "5ad29d35d7d075001a429c16": "", "572fff45947a6a140053cf26": "a glacier.", "572fff45947a6a140053cf27": "A tundra,", "572fff45947a6a140053cf28": "22,000\u201314,000 yr BP,", "572fff45947a6a140053cf29": "ice-sheets", "572fff45947a6a140053cf2a": "loess", "5ad29f7ed7d075001a429c72": "", "5ad29f7ed7d075001a429c73": "", "5ad29f7ed7d075001a429c74": "", "5ad29f7ed7d075001a429c75": "", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76fef": "22,000 years ago", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff0": "thaw", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff1": "the Rhine", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff2": "13,000 BP.", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff3": "9000 BP,", "5ad2a15ad7d075001a429cc8": "", "5ad2a15ad7d075001a429cc9": "", "5ad2a15ad7d075001a429cca": "", "5ad2a15ad7d075001a429ccb": "", "573003dd947a6a140053cf42": "7500 yr ago,", "573003dd947a6a140053cf43": "Rates of sea-level rise had dropped so far,", "573003dd947a6a140053cf44": "7000 years,", "573003dd947a6a140053cf45": "due to ongoing tectonic subsidence,", "573003dd947a6a140053cf46": "1\u20133 cm (0.39\u20131.18 in) per century", "5ad2a3b3d7d075001a429d5a": "", "5ad2a3b3d7d075001a429d5b": "", "5ad2a3b3d7d075001a429d5c": "", "5ad2a3b3d7d075001a429d5d": "", "5ad2a3b3d7d075001a429d5e": "", "5730042804bcaa1900d77011": "(~11,700 years ago),", "5730042804bcaa1900d77012": "Late-", "5730042804bcaa1900d77013": "", "5730042804bcaa1900d77014": "(~8,000 years ago).", "5ad2a58bd7d075001a429dcc": "", "5ad2a58bd7d075001a429dcd": "", "5ad2a58bd7d075001a429dce": "", "5ad2a58bd7d075001a429dcf": "", "57300580b2c2fd140056874d": "~3000 yr BP", "57300580b2c2fd140056874e": "sediment load", "57300580b2c2fd140056874f": "flooding", "57300580b2c2fd1400568750": "approximately 80", "57300580b2c2fd1400568751": "11\u201313th century AD.", "5ad2a71ad7d075001a429e02": "Since ~3000 yr BP", "5ad2a71ad7d075001a429e03": "", "5ad2a71ad7d075001a429e04": "", "5ad2a71ad7d075001a429e05": "", "5ad2a71ad7d075001a429e06": "", "5730069004bcaa1900d7702d": "the North Sea,", "5730069004bcaa1900d7702e": "the North Sea,", "5730069004bcaa1900d7702f": "IJsselmeer,", "5730069004bcaa1900d77030": "freshwater lake.", "5730069004bcaa1900d77031": "", "5ad2a901d7d075001a429e28": "", "5ad2a901d7d075001a429e29": "", "5ad2a901d7d075001a429e2a": "", "5ad2a901d7d075001a429e2b": "", "5ad2a901d7d075001a429e2c": "", "57300761947a6a140053cf9a": "", "57300761947a6a140053cf9b": "Germania.", "57300761947a6a140053cf9c": "6th century BC,", "57300761947a6a140053cf9d": "Maurus Servius Honoratus,", "5ad2afe2d7d075001a429f1a": "", "5ad2afe2d7d075001a429f1b": "", "5ad2afe2d7d075001a429f1c": "", "5ad2afe2d7d075001a429f1d": "", "573007fab2c2fd140056876b": "AD 14", "573007fab2c2fd140056876c": "upper Danube.", "573007fab2c2fd140056876d": "after AD 70,", "573007fab2c2fd140056876e": "modern Baden and W\u00fcrttemberg.", "573007fab2c2fd140056876f": "eastwards.", "5ad2b1e1d7d075001a429f68": "", "5ad2b1e1d7d075001a429f69": "", "5ad2b1e1d7d075001a429f6a": "", "5ad2b1e1d7d075001a429f6b": "", "5ad2b1e1d7d075001a429f6c": "Roman subjects", "57300888b2c2fd1400568775": "eight", "57300888b2c2fd1400568776": "whether a state or threat of war", "57300888b2c2fd1400568777": "the army of Germania Inferior,", "57300888b2c2fd1400568778": "oppidum Ubiorum", "57300888b2c2fd1400568779": "(\"town of the Ubii\"),", "5ad2b3bcd7d075001a429fa4": "", "5ad2b3bcd7d075001a429fa5": "", "5ad2b3bcd7d075001a429fa6": "two legions", "5ad2b3bcd7d075001a429fa7": "XXI,", "5ad2b3bcd7d075001a429fa8": "Germania Inferior,", "57300911947a6a140053cfb6": "the Migration period,", "57300911947a6a140053cfb7": "", "57300911947a6a140053cfb8": "(\"dragons rock\"),", "57300911947a6a140053cfb9": "Siegfried", "57300911947a6a140053cfba": "Hagen.", "5ad2b5ddd7d075001a429ff2": "", "5ad2b5ddd7d075001a429ff3": "", "5ad2b5ddd7d075001a429ff4": "", "5ad2b5ddd7d075001a429ff5": "", "5ad2b5ddd7d075001a429ff6": "", "573009a004bcaa1900d7704f": "6th century,", "573009a004bcaa1900d77050": "10th century,", "573009a004bcaa1900d77051": "Lower Lorraine.", "573009a004bcaa1900d77052": "Archduke Sigismund of Austria", "573009a004bcaa1900d77053": "", "5ad2b72fd7d075001a42a022": "6th century,", "5ad2b72fd7d075001a42a023": "", "5ad2b72fd7d075001a42a024": "", "5ad2b72fd7d075001a42a025": "", "5ad2b72fd7d075001a42a026": "", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc97": "Peace of Westphalia,", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc98": "Establishing \"natural borders\"", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc99": "Napoleon,", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9a": "1806", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9b": "1840,", "5ad2b882d7d075001a42a040": "", "5ad2b882d7d075001a42a041": "", "5ad2b882d7d075001a42a042": "", "5ad2b882d7d075001a42a043": "", "5ad2b882d7d075001a42a044": "", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77063": "end of World War I,", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77064": "1935", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77065": "the German army", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77066": "Adolf Hitler's rise to power.", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77067": "1936,", "5ad2ba09d7d075001a42a064": "", "5ad2ba09d7d075001a42a065": "1936,", "5ad2ba09d7d075001a42a066": "", "5ad2ba09d7d075001a42a067": "", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77087": "Arnhem,", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77088": "a formidable natural obstacle", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77089": "September 1944.", "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708a": "Ludendorff Bridge,", "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708b": "Seven Days to the River Rhine", "5ad2bb5fd7d075001a42a080": "", "5ad2bb5fd7d075001a42a081": "", "5ad2bb5fd7d075001a42a082": "", "5ad2bb5fd7d075001a42a083": "", "5ad2bb5fd7d075001a42a084": "", "57300c67947a6a140053cff0": "1,230 kilometres", "57300c67947a6a140053cff1": "1932", "57300c67947a6a140053cff2": "1,320 kilometres", "57300c67947a6a140053cff3": "", "57300c68947a6a140053cff4": "2010", "5ad2bcdfd7d075001a42a0ae": "", "5ad2bcdfd7d075001a42a0af": "", "5ad2bcdfd7d075001a42a0b0": "", "5ad2bcdfd7d075001a42a0b1": "", "5ad2bcdfd7d075001a42a0b2": "", "572fac17947a6a140053cb54": "Scotland Act 1998,", "572fac17947a6a140053cb55": "Scotland Act 1998,", "572fac17947a6a140053cb56": "the areas in which it can make laws", "572fac17947a6a140053cb57": "Parliament of the United Kingdom.", "572fac17947a6a140053cb58": "Westminster.", "5ad0213377cf76001a686b0c": "", "5ad0213377cf76001a686b0d": "", "5ad0213377cf76001a686b0e": "", "5ad0213377cf76001a686b0f": "", "5ad0213377cf76001a686b10": "", "572facb0a23a5019007fc863": "lack of a Parliament of Scotland", "572facb0a23a5019007fc864": "three", "572facb0a23a5019007fc865": "the outbreak of the First World War.", "572facb0a23a5019007fc866": "late 1960s", "572facb0a23a5019007fc867": "directly elected Scottish Assembly", "5ad0225377cf76001a686b3e": "", "5ad0225377cf76001a686b3f": "", "5ad0225377cf76001a686b40": "", "5ad0225377cf76001a686b41": "", "5ad0225377cf76001a686b42": "", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86d": "North Sea", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86e": "\"It's Scotland's oil\"", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86f": "the revenues from the oil were not benefitting Scotland as much as they should.", "572fad30a23a5019007fc870": "1974", "572fad30a23a5019007fc871": "1978", "5ad0247477cf76001a686b90": "", "5ad0247477cf76001a686b91": "", "5ad0247477cf76001a686b92": "", "5ad0247477cf76001a686b93": "", "572fadcbb2c2fd1400568329": "Edinburgh", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832a": "40%", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832b": "failed", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832c": "51.6%", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832d": "32.9%", "5ad025df77cf76001a686ba2": "", "5ad025df77cf76001a686ba3": "", "5ad025df77cf76001a686ba4": "", "5ad025df77cf76001a686ba5": "", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76bdf": "a Scottish Parliament", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be0": "the Conservative Party,", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be1": "1989", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be2": "the Convention", "5ad026a777cf76001a686bc8": "", "5ad026a777cf76001a686bc9": "", "5ad026a777cf76001a686bca": "", "5ad026a777cf76001a686bcb": "", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568333": "Holyrood area of Edinburgh.", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568334": "Enric Miralles", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568335": "Spanish", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568336": "leaf-shaped", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568337": "Queen Elizabeth II", "5ad0278077cf76001a686be4": "", "5ad0278077cf76001a686be5": "", "5ad0278077cf76001a686be6": "", "5ad0278077cf76001a686be7": "", "5ad0278077cf76001a686be8": "", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568347": "the General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland on the Royal Mile in Edinburgh.", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568348": "in the courtyard adjoining the Assembly Hall,", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568349": "the meeting of the Church's General Assembly.", "572faf74b2c2fd140056834a": "the former Strathclyde Regional Council debating chamber in Glasgow,", "572faf74b2c2fd140056834b": "University of Aberdeen", "5ad0285977cf76001a686c0c": "", "5ad0285977cf76001a686c0d": "", "5ad0285977cf76001a686c0e": "", "5ad0285977cf76001a686c0f": "", "572fb059947a6a140053cb80": "City of Edinburgh Council.", "572fb059947a6a140053cb81": "The former administrative building of Lothian Regional Council", "572fb059947a6a140053cb82": "demolished.", "572fb059947a6a140053cb83": "Parliament Square, High Street and George IV Bridge", "572fb059947a6a140053cb84": "the main hall", "5ad0291f77cf76001a686c28": "", "5ad0291f77cf76001a686c29": "", "5ad0291f77cf76001a686c2a": "", "5ad0291f77cf76001a686c2b": "", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c15": "one MSP", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c16": "Tricia Marwick),", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c17": "secret", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c18": "129", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c19": "A vote clerk", "5ad02a9777cf76001a686c5e": "deputies", "5ad02a9777cf76001a686c5f": "", "5ad02a9777cf76001a686c60": "", "5ad02a9777cf76001a686c61": "", "5ad02a9777cf76001a686c62": "", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f7": "the Presiding Officer", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f8": "the Parliamentary Bureau,", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f9": "five or more", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8fa": "The Presiding Officer", "5ad02bef77cf76001a686ca2": "", "5ad02bef77cf76001a686ca3": "", "5ad02bef77cf76001a686ca4": "", "5ad02bef77cf76001a686ca5": "", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5b": "hemicycle,", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5c": "to encourage consensus amongst elected members.", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5d": "131", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5e": "", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5f": "cannot vote.", "5ad02cfc77cf76001a686ce2": "", "5ad02cfc77cf76001a686ce3": "", "5ad02cfc77cf76001a686ce4": "", "5ad02cfc77cf76001a686ce5": "", "5ad02cfc77cf76001a686ce6": "", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc937": "silver and inlaid with gold panned from Scottish rivers", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc938": "Scottish rivers", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc939": "Wisdom, Compassion, Justice and Integrity.", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93a": "the Queen", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93b": "a glass case suspended from the lid.", "5ad02de677cf76001a686d1e": "", "5ad02de677cf76001a686d1f": "", "5ad02de677cf76001a686d20": "", "5ad02de677cf76001a686d21": "", "5ad02de677cf76001a686d22": "the parliamentary mace,", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c73": "April", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c74": "the debating chamber", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c75": "the public.", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c76": "free", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c77": "the Official Report,", "5ad02e6777cf76001a686d44": "", "5ad02e6777cf76001a686d45": "", "5ad02e6777cf76001a686d46": "", "5ad02e6777cf76001a686d47": "", "5ad02e6777cf76001a686d48": "", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95d": "Wednesdays", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95e": "up to four minutes,", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95f": "religious beliefs", "572fc043a23a5019007fc960": "Presiding Officer", "572fc043a23a5019007fc961": "nominate speakers.", "5ad02f4977cf76001a686d72": "", "5ad02f4977cf76001a686d73": "", "5ad02f4977cf76001a686d74": "", "5ad02f4977cf76001a686d75": "the Presiding Officer", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc80": "The Presiding Officer (or Deputy Presiding Officer)", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc81": "the amount of time for which they are allowed to speak.", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc82": "different viewpoints and political parties", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc83": "ministers or party leaders", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc84": "Gaelic", "5ad02fdf77cf76001a686d98": "", "5ad02fdf77cf76001a686d99": "", "5ad02fdf77cf76001a686d9a": "", "5ad02fdf77cf76001a686d9b": "", "5ad02fdf77cf76001a686d9c": "", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccb": "5 pm,", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccc": "\"Decision Time\"", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccd": "vote", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76cce": "by means of electronic consoles on their desks.", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccf": "seconds.", "5ad0309377cf76001a686dbe": "", "5ad0309377cf76001a686dbf": "", "5ad0309377cf76001a686dc0": "", "5ad0309377cf76001a686dc1": "", "5ad0309377cf76001a686dc2": "", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8a": "The outcome of most votes", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8b": "political parties", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8c": "whips,", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8d": "Errant members can be deselected as official party candidates during future elections,", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8e": "moral", "5ad0313b77cf76001a686dd2": "", "5ad0313b77cf76001a686dd3": "", "5ad0313b77cf76001a686dd4": "", "5ad0313b77cf76001a686dd5": "", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568447": "Immediately after Decision Time", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568448": "45 minutes. Members Business is a debate on a motion proposed by an MSP who is not a Scottish minister. Such motions are on issues which may be of interest to a particular area such as a member's own constituency, an upcoming or past event or any other item which would otherwise not be accorded official parliamentary time. As well as the proposer, other members normally contribute to the debate.", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568449": "Such motions are on issues which may be of interest to a particular area such as a member's own constituency, an upcoming or past event or any other item which would otherwise not be accorded official parliamentary time.", "572fc659b2c2fd140056844a": "", "572fc659b2c2fd140056844b": "\"winds up\" the debate", "5ad031cf77cf76001a686dea": "", "5ad031cf77cf76001a686deb": "", "5ad031cf77cf76001a686dec": "", "5ad031cf77cf76001a686ded": "Members Business", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf5": "in committee.", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf6": "stronger", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf7": "no revising chamber.", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf8": "conduct inquiries", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf9": "other locations throughout Scotland.", "5ad0327377cf76001a686e04": "", "5ad0327377cf76001a686e05": "", "5ad0327377cf76001a686e06": "", "5ad0327377cf76001a686e07": "", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d07": "a small number of MSPs,", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d08": "the balance of parties across Parliament.", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d09": "their functions", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0a": "Mandatory Committees", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0b": "fourth Session", "5ad0392577cf76001a686e4e": "", "5ad0392577cf76001a686e4f": "", "5ad0392577cf76001a686e50": "", "5ad0392577cf76001a686e51": "", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d11": "at the beginning of each parliamentary session,", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d12": "one (or more)", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d13": "Subject Committees", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d14": "", "5ad039be77cf76001a686e5e": "", "5ad039be77cf76001a686e5f": "", "5ad039be77cf76001a686e60": "", "5ad039be77cf76001a686e61": "", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d1f": "committee", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d20": "large-scale development projects", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d21": "", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d22": "Private Bill Committees", "5ad03aa977cf76001a686e88": "", "5ad03aa977cf76001a686e89": "", "5ad03aa977cf76001a686e8a": "", "5ad03aa977cf76001a686e8b": "", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568473": "The Scotland Act 1998,", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568474": "Queen Elizabeth II", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568475": "devolved competencies.", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568476": "the Parliament of the United Kingdom at Westminster", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568477": "The Scottish Parliament", "5ad03b2777cf76001a686e98": "", "5ad03b2777cf76001a686e99": "", "5ad03b2777cf76001a686e9a": "", "5ad03b2777cf76001a686e9b": "", "5ad03b2777cf76001a686e9c": "", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f1": "", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f2": "the Scottish Parliament.", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f3": "", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f4": "up to 3 pence in the pound. The 2012 Act conferred further fiscal devolution including borrowing powers and some other unconnected matters such as setting speed limits and control of air guns.", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f5": "The 2012 Act", "5ad03c2977cf76001a686eb4": "", "5ad03c2977cf76001a686eb5": "", "5ad03c2977cf76001a686eb6": "", "5ad03c2977cf76001a686eb7": "", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847d": "Reserved matters", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847e": "", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847f": "Westminster", "572fcc43b2c2fd1400568480": "", "5ad03cd377cf76001a686ec4": "", "5ad03cd377cf76001a686ec5": "", "5ad03cd377cf76001a686ec6": "", "5ad03cd377cf76001a686ec7": "", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccda": "Bills", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdb": "the Scottish Government", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdc": "a private member;", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdd": "an outside proposer.", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccde": "in a number of stages:", "5ad03e5077cf76001a686ed4": "", "5ad03e5077cf76001a686ed5": "", "5ad03e5077cf76001a686ed6": "", "5ad03e5077cf76001a686ed7": "", "572fce12a23a5019007fca11": "introductory stage", "572fce13a23a5019007fca12": "Explanatory Notes, a Policy Memorandum setting out the policy underlying the bill, and a Financial Memorandum", "572fce13a23a5019007fca13": "whether the bill is within the legislative competence of the Parliament.", "572fce13a23a5019007fca14": "the relevant committee or committees", "572fce13a23a5019007fca15": "Stage 2.", "5ad03efa77cf76001a686edc": "", "5ad03efa77cf76001a686edd": "", "5ad03efa77cf76001a686ede": "", "5ad03efa77cf76001a686edf": "", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd02": "Stage 3", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd03": "two parts:", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd04": "final vote", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd05": "\"wrecking amendments\"", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd06": "Decision Time", "5ad03f8077cf76001a686ee4": "", "5ad03f8077cf76001a686ee5": "", "5ad03f8077cf76001a686ee6": "", "5ad03f8077cf76001a686ee7": "", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684a9": "the Monarch", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684aa": "", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ab": "4-week", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ac": "the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ad": "\"The Bill for this Act of the Scottish Parliament was passed by the Parliament on [Date] and received royal assent on [Date]\".", "5ad0403c77cf76001a686eec": "", "5ad0403c77cf76001a686eed": "", "5ad0403c77cf76001a686eee": "", "5ad0403c77cf76001a686eef": "", "5ad0403c77cf76001a686ef0": "", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca55": "", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca56": "First Minister", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca57": "Any member can put their name forward to be First Minister,", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca58": "elected MSPs,", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca59": "the Sovereign.", "5ad040d977cf76001a686ef6": "", "5ad040d977cf76001a686ef7": "", "5ad040d977cf76001a686ef8": "", "5ad040d977cf76001a686ef9": "", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76d9f": "Thursday", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da0": "May", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da1": "the Monarch", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da2": "28", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da3": "supplant it.", "5ad0415577cf76001a686f04": "", "5ad0415577cf76001a686f05": "", "5ad0415577cf76001a686f06": "", "5ad0415577cf76001a686f07": "", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd32": "Several procedures", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd33": "the leaders of the opposition parties and other MSPs", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd34": "a statement to the chamber setting out the Government's legislative programme for the forthcoming year.", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd35": "issues related to the substance of the statement.", "5ad041c477cf76001a686f0c": "", "5ad041c477cf76001a686f0d": "", "5ad041c477cf76001a686f0e": "", "5ad041c477cf76001a686f0f": "", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3a": "Parliamentary time", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3b": "Thursday", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3c": "any member of the Scottish Government.", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3d": "issues under their jurisdiction.", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3e": "four", "5ad0426c77cf76001a686f1c": "", "5ad0426c77cf76001a686f1d": "", "5ad0426c77cf76001a686f1e": "", "5ad0426c77cf76001a686f1f": "Opposition leaders", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684f9": "73", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fa": "one", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fb": "2005", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fc": "55,000", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fd": "due to their dispersed population and distance from the Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh.", "5ad0431077cf76001a686f2e": "", "5ad0431077cf76001a686f2f": "", "5ad0431077cf76001a686f30": "", "5ad0431077cf76001a686f31": "", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850b": "proportionally to the number of votes received in the second vote of the ballot using the d'Hondt method.", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850c": "the d'Hondt method.", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850d": "quotient", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850e": "constituency seats", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850f": "The party with the highest quotient is awarded the seat, which is then added to its constituency seats in allocating the second seat. This is repeated iteratively", "5ad043a977cf76001a686f36": "", "5ad043a977cf76001a686f37": "", "5ad043a977cf76001a686f38": "", "5ad043a977cf76001a686f39": "", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851d": "a number of qualifications apply", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851e": "1981", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851f": "18", "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568520": "police and the armed forces", "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568521": "Mental Health (Care and Treatment) (Scotland) Act 2003.", "5ad0440a77cf76001a686f48": "", "5ad0440a77cf76001a686f49": "", "5ad0440a77cf76001a686f4a": "", "5ad0440a77cf76001a686f4b": "", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dd9": "a party has commanded a parliamentary majority.", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dda": "Labour", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddb": "151 votes.", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddc": "eight", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddd": "Scottish independence.", "5ad0447f77cf76001a686f50": "", "5ad0447f77cf76001a686f51": "", "5ad0447f77cf76001a686f52": "", "5ad0447f77cf76001a686f53": "", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca93": "the Conservatives,", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca94": "Edinburgh Pentlands,", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca95": "five seats,", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca96": "Annabel Goldie", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca97": "", "5ad044f977cf76001a686f60": "", "5ad044f977cf76001a686f61": "", "5ad044f977cf76001a686f62": "", "5ad044f977cf76001a686f63": "", "5ad044f977cf76001a686f64": "", "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9d": "able to vote on domestic legislation that applies only to England, Wales and Northern Ireland", "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9e": "domestic legislation of the Scottish Parliament.", "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9f": "the West Lothian question", "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa0": "Conservative", "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa1": "England", "5ad0457b77cf76001a686f6a": "A procedural consequence of the establishment of the Scottish Parliament is that Scottish MPs sitting in the UK House of Commons are able to vote on domestic legislation that applies only to England, Wales and Northern Ireland \u2013 whilst English, Scottish, Welsh and Northern Irish Westminster MPs are unable to vote on the domestic legislation of the Scottish Parliament.", "5ad0457b77cf76001a686f6b": "", "5ad0457b77cf76001a686f6c": "", "5ad0457b77cf76001a686f6d": "", "572ff626947a6a140053ce8e": "Islamism,", "572ff626947a6a140053ce8f": "all spheres of life.\"", "572ff626947a6a140053ce90": "the reordering", "572ff626947a6a140053ce91": "two poles\":", "572ff626947a6a140053ce92": "revolution or invasion;", "5acfe40a77cf76001a686390": "", "5acfe40a77cf76001a686391": "", "5acfe40a77cf76001a686392": "", "5acfe40a77cf76001a686393": "", "572ff760b2c2fd1400568677": "democratic", "572ff760b2c2fd1400568678": "Palestine", "572ff760b2c2fd1400568679": "abolish the state of Israel.", "572ff760b2c2fd140056867a": "democracy", "572ff760b2c2fd140056867b": "religious", "5acfe5ce77cf76001a6863ac": "", "5acfe5ce77cf76001a6863ad": "", "5acfe5ce77cf76001a6863ae": "", "5acfe5ce77cf76001a6863af": "", "5acfe5ce77cf76001a6863b0": "", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f65": "division", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f66": "\"Sunni pan-Islamism", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f67": "\"sharia", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f68": "democracy", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f69": "to maintain their legitimacy.", "5acfe69177cf76001a6863be": "", "5acfe69177cf76001a6863bf": "", "5acfe69177cf76001a6863c0": "", "5acfe69177cf76001a6863c1": "", "5acfe69177cf76001a6863c2": "", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd5": "political", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd6": "Islam", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd7": "", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd8": "illiberal Islamic regimes,", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd9": "religion from politics.", "5acfe6eb77cf76001a6863c8": "", "5acfe6eb77cf76001a6863c9": "", "5acfe6eb77cf76001a6863ca": "", "5acfe6eb77cf76001a6863cb": "illiberal Islamic regimes,", "5acfe6eb77cf76001a6863cc": "", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76f9f": "Islamists", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa0": "Americans", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa1": "a historical fluke of the \"short-lived era of the heyday of secular Arab nationalism between 1945 and 1970\",", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa2": "between 1945 and 1970\",", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa3": "quietist/non-political Islam,", "5acfe73c77cf76001a6863d2": "", "5acfe73c77cf76001a6863d3": "", "5acfe73c77cf76001a6863d4": "", "5acfe73c77cf76001a6863d5": "", "5acfe73c77cf76001a6863d6": "", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee6": "1970s", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee7": "dangerous enemies. Islamists were considered by Western governments bulwarks against\u2014what were thought to be at the time\u2014more dangerous leftist/communist/nationalist insurgents/opposition, which Islamists were correctly seen as opposing.", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee8": "leftist/communist/nationalist insurgents/opposition,", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee9": "mujahideen Muslim Afghanistan", "572ffbaab2c2fd14005686cd": "\"experience, ideology, and weapons\",", "5acfe78477cf76001a6863e6": "", "5acfe78477cf76001a6863e7": "", "5acfe78477cf76001a6863e8": "leftist/communist/nationalist insurgents/opposition,", "5acfe78477cf76001a6863e9": "", "5acfe78477cf76001a6863ea": "", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef6": "Anwar Sadat", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef7": "making peace", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef8": "political support", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef9": "1975", "572ffc99947a6a140053cefa": "released Islamists from prison and welcomed home exiles", "5acfe80877cf76001a6863f0": "", "5acfe80877cf76001a6863f1": "", "5acfe80877cf76001a6863f2": "", "5acfe80877cf76001a6863f3": "", "5acfe80877cf76001a6863f4": "released Islamists from prison and welcomed home exiles", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc7": "strict, conservative", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc8": "hate", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc9": "wars", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fca": "infidels,", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fcb": "Saudi-interpretation", "5acfe84677cf76001a686404": "", "5acfe84677cf76001a686405": "\"hate them", "5acfe84677cf76001a686406": "", "5acfe84677cf76001a686407": "infidels,", "5acfe84677cf76001a686408": "", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686ef": "Islamist", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f0": "housing assistance", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f1": "to avoid prohibitively costly dowry demands,", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f2": "", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f3": "rhetoric.", "5acfe89777cf76001a68640e": "", "5acfe89777cf76001a68640f": "", "5acfe89777cf76001a686410": "", "5acfe89777cf76001a686411": "", "5acfe89777cf76001a686412": "", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf14": "law and philosophy", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf15": "All India Muslim League.", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf16": "1908.", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf17": "Indian National Congress.", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf18": "The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam.", "5acfe8e777cf76001a686422": "", "5acfe8e777cf76001a686423": "", "5acfe8e777cf76001a686424": "", "5acfe8e777cf76001a686425": "", "5acfe8e777cf76001a686426": "", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686f9": "secularism and secular nationalism", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fa": "crowd out", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fb": "nationalist differences.", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fc": "1930", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fd": "Pakistan movement.", "5acfe91c77cf76001a686436": "", "5acfe91c77cf76001a686437": "", "5acfe91c77cf76001a686438": "", "5acfe91c77cf76001a686439": "", "5acfe91c77cf76001a68643a": "", "5730005db2c2fd1400568703": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", "5730005db2c2fd1400568704": "journalism,", "5730005db2c2fd1400568705": "1941", "57300137b2c2fd1400568717": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", "57300137b2c2fd1400568718": "journalism,", "57300137b2c2fd140056871a": "through his writing", "57300137b2c2fd140056871b": "a modern context,", "5acfe95877cf76001a686440": "", "5acfe95877cf76001a686441": "", "5acfe95877cf76001a686442": "1972", "5acfe95877cf76001a686443": "", "5acfe95877cf76001a686444": "", "57300200b2c2fd1400568729": "Sharia,", "57300200b2c2fd140056872a": "an Islamic state.", "57300200b2c2fd140056872b": "(unity of God),", "57300200b2c2fd140056872c": "the gradual changing the hearts and minds of individuals from the top of society downward through an educational process or da'wah.", "57300200b2c2fd140056872d": "da'wah.", "5acfe99177cf76001a686454": "", "5acfe99177cf76001a686455": "", "5acfe99177cf76001a686456": "", "5acfe99177cf76001a686457": "", "5acfe99177cf76001a686458": "", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77001": "1928", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77002": "Ismailiyah, Egypt", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77003": "Hassan al Banna.", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77004": "\"the Qur'an", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77005": "imperialist", "5acfe9d477cf76001a68645e": "", "5acfe9d477cf76001a68645f": "", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4c": "violence", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4d": "1949", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4e": "Egypt's premier Mahmud Fami Naqrashi", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4f": "1948", "5730040f947a6a140053cf50": "Gamal Abdul Nasser,", "5acfea0677cf76001a686462": "", "5acfea0677cf76001a686463": "", "5acfea0677cf76001a686464": "", "5acfea0677cf76001a686465": "", "5acfea0677cf76001a686466": "", "573004bf947a6a140053cf56": "one of the most influential movements", "573004bf947a6a140053cf57": "\"semi-legal\"", "573004bf947a6a140053cf58": "field candidates", "573004bf947a6a140053cf59": "75%", "573004bf947a6a140053cf5a": "Mohamed Morsi,", "5acfea4977cf76001a686476": "", "5acfea4977cf76001a686477": "", "5acfea4977cf76001a686478": "", "5acfea4977cf76001a686479": "75%", "5acfea4977cf76001a68647a": "", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6a": "quick and decisive defeat", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6b": "a pivotal event", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6c": "economic", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6d": "A steep and steady decline", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6e": "Islamist movements", "5acfea9277cf76001a68648a": "", "5acfea9277cf76001a68648b": "", "5acfea9277cf76001a68648c": "", "5acfea9277cf76001a68648d": "", "5acfea9277cf76001a68648e": "", "5730088e947a6a140053cfac": "Ali Shariati,", "5730088e947a6a140053cfad": "ideological", "5730088e947a6a140053cfae": "somewhere between", "5730088e947a6a140053cfaf": "Prophet Mohammad", "5730088e947a6a140053cfb0": "conspiracy against Islam", "5acfeae177cf76001a68649e": "", "5acfeae177cf76001a68649f": "", "5acfeae177cf76001a6864a0": "", "5acfeae177cf76001a6864a1": "", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b7": "Islamic Republic", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b8": "economic", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b9": "Shia terrorist groups", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770ba": "2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict,", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770bb": "President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's", "5acfeb2577cf76001a6864b0": "", "5acfeb2577cf76001a6864b1": "", "5acfeb2577cf76001a6864b2": "", "5acfeb2577cf76001a6864b3": "", "5acfeb2577cf76001a6864b4": "", "57300ec0947a6a140053d004": "Soviet Union", "57300ec0947a6a140053d005": "an Islamic rebellion against an allied Marxist regime", "57300ec0947a6a140053d006": "send aid and sometimes to go themselves to fight for their faith.", "57300ec0947a6a140053d007": "marginal,", "57300ec0947a6a140053d008": "16,000 to 35,000", "5acfeb5f77cf76001a6864ba": "", "5acfeb5f77cf76001a6864bb": "", "5acfeb5f77cf76001a6864bc": "", "5acfeb5f77cf76001a6864bd": "marginal,", "5acfeb5f77cf76001a6864be": "", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d1": "", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d2": "Saddam Hussein's", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d3": "Islamist groups that received its aid.", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d4": "Saudi", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d5": "the west.", "5acfeba077cf76001a6864c4": "", "5acfeba077cf76001a6864c5": "", "5acfeba077cf76001a6864c6": "", "5acfeba077cf76001a6864c7": "", "5acfeba077cf76001a6864c8": "", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d7": "conservative Muslims", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d8": "in the kingdom,", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d9": "domestic Islamists who attacked it", "573010fab2c2fd14005687da": "Algeria", "573010fab2c2fd14005687db": "Osama bin Laden's", "5acfebe477cf76001a6864d6": "", "5acfebe477cf76001a6864d7": "", "5acfebe477cf76001a6864d8": "", "5acfebe477cf76001a6864d9": "", "5acfebe477cf76001a6864da": "", "573011de04bcaa1900d770f9": "Qutb's", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fa": "1966", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fb": "the Brotherhood,", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fc": "Fringe or splinter movements", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fd": "1970s,", "5acfec2077cf76001a6864f2": "", "5acfec2077cf76001a6864f3": "", "5acfec2077cf76001a6864f4": "", "5acfec2077cf76001a6864f5": "", "5acfec2077cf76001a6864f6": "", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd09": "Egyptian Islamic Jihad organization", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0a": "1981", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0b": "\"apostate\" leaders of Muslim states,", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0c": "introduced or promoted Western/foreign ideas and practices into Islamic societies.", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0d": "Muhammad Abd al-Salaam Farag,", "5acfec5577cf76001a6864fc": "", "5acfec5577cf76001a6864fd": "", "5acfec5577cf76001a6864fe": "", "5acfec5577cf76001a6864ff": "", "5acfec5577cf76001a686500": "", "5730131c947a6a140053d052": "violence", "5730131c947a6a140053d053": "al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya", "5730131c947a6a140053d054": "unsuccessful,", "5730131c947a6a140053d055": "2003", "5730131c947a6a140053d056": "political figures,", "5acfec9277cf76001a686506": "", "5acfec9277cf76001a686507": "", "5acfec9277cf76001a686508": "", "5acfec9277cf76001a686509": "", "5acfec9277cf76001a68650a": "", "5730208fa23a5019007fcded": "\"quiescent\"", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdee": "HAMAS", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdef": "destruction of Israel", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf0": "Palestine.", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf1": "alcohol", "5acfecc577cf76001a686510": "", "5acfecc577cf76001a686511": "", "5acfecc577cf76001a686512": "", "5acfecc577cf76001a686513": "", "5acfecc577cf76001a686514": "", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f7": "Hamas", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f8": "542", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f9": "majority of the seats,", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fa": "2007", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fb": "driving Israel out of the Gaza Strip,", "5acfed0b77cf76001a686524": "", "5acfed0b77cf76001a686525": "", "5acfed0b77cf76001a686526": "", "5acfed0b77cf76001a686527": "", "5acfed0b77cf76001a686528": "", "57302700a23a5019007fce89": "Islamist", "57302700a23a5019007fce8a": "Hassan al-Turabi.", "57302700a23a5019007fce8b": "National Islamic Front", "57302700a23a5019007fce8c": "with money from foreign Islamist banking systems,", "57302700a23a5019007fce8d": "university and military academy", "5acfed5277cf76001a68652e": "Islamist", "5acfed5277cf76001a68652f": "", "5acfed5277cf76001a686530": "", "5acfed5277cf76001a686531": "", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9d": "1985", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9e": "with the help of the military.", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9f": "sharia law,", "573027d6a23a5019007fcea0": "Osama bin Laden", "573027d6a23a5019007fcea1": "American attack on Iraq", "5acfed9477cf76001a686540": "", "5acfed9477cf76001a686541": "", "5acfed9477cf76001a686542": "", "5acfed9477cf76001a686543": "", "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726d": "Front Islamique de Salut", "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726e": "Algeria.", "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726f": "1989", "5730285a04bcaa1900d77270": "staying home", "5730285a04bcaa1900d77271": "a military coup d'\u00e9tat.", "5acfedc577cf76001a686548": "Front Islamique de Salut", "5acfedc577cf76001a686549": "1989", "5acfedc577cf76001a68654a": "1989", "5acfedc577cf76001a68654b": "unemployment", "5acfedc577cf76001a68654c": "", "573028fa04bcaa1900d77287": "justice and prosperity,", "573028fa04bcaa1900d77288": "vicious and destructive", "573028fa04bcaa1900d77289": "one of the poorest countries on earth.", "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728a": "1992", "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728b": "80%", "5acfee0a77cf76001a686552": "", "5acfee0a77cf76001a686553": "", "5acfee0a77cf76001a686554": "", "5acfee0a77cf76001a686555": "", "5acfee0a77cf76001a686556": "", "57302a3aa23a5019007fcecf": "The Taliban", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced0": "Pakistan", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced1": "Islamic fundamentalist or neofundamentalist,", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced2": "\"an idealized and systematized version of conservative tribal village customs\"", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced3": "Wahhabism, and the extremist jihadism of their guest Osama bin Laden.", "5acfee4777cf76001a68655c": "", "5acfee4777cf76001a68655d": "", "5acfee4777cf76001a68655e": "", "5acfee4777cf76001a68655f": "", "5acfee4777cf76001a686560": "", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772af": "July 1977,", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b0": "alcohol and nightclubs", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b1": "Islamism", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b2": "his means of seizing power.", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b3": "1988", "5acfee8977cf76001a686566": "", "5acfee8977cf76001a686567": "banning alcohol and nightclubs", "5acfee8977cf76001a686568": "", "5acfee8977cf76001a686569": "", "5acfee8977cf76001a68656a": "", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689db": "a Wahhabi/Salafi jihadist extremist militant group", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dc": "Sunni Arabs from Iraq and Syria.", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dd": "a caliphate,", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689de": "ten million", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689df": "recognition.)", "5acfeee177cf76001a686570": "", "5acfeee177cf76001a686571": "", "5acfeee177cf76001a686572": "", "5acfeee177cf76001a686573": "", "5acfeee177cf76001a686574": "", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d7": "2004", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d8": "March 2003", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d9": "March 2011,", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772da": "", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772db": "a terrorist organisation", "5acfef1b77cf76001a68657a": "", "5acfef1b77cf76001a68657b": "", "5acfef1b77cf76001a68657c": "", "5acfef1b77cf76001a68657d": "", "57302e45947a6a140053d22e": "the party takes a different view", "57302e45947a6a140053d22f": "7th century,", "57302e45947a6a140053d230": "1924.", "57302e45947a6a140053d231": "the true Islamic system,", "57302e45947a6a140053d232": "ended the true Islamic system,", "5acfef5477cf76001a686582": "", "5acfef5477cf76001a686583": "", "5acfef5477cf76001a686584": "", "5acfef5477cf76001a686585": "", "5acfef5477cf76001a686586": "", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f5": "armed", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f6": "\"ideological struggle\"", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f7": "Muslim public", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f8": "Egypt", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f9": "terrorist groups", "5acfef9577cf76001a6865a0": "", "5acfef9577cf76001a6865a1": "", "5acfef9577cf76001a6865a2": "", "5acfef9577cf76001a6865a3": "", "5acfef9577cf76001a6865a4": "", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77311": "over 900,000", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77312": "Islamist", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77313": "2007", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77314": "Londonistan.", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77315": "incitement to terrorism", "5acfefcc77cf76001a6865aa": "", "5acfefcc77cf76001a6865ab": "", "5acfefcc77cf76001a6865ac": "", "5acfefcc77cf76001a6865ad": "", "5acfefcc77cf76001a6865ae": "", "57303048947a6a140053d254": "since 2001.", "57303048947a6a140053d255": "State Department.", "57303048947a6a140053d256": "Christian Whiton,", "57303048947a6a140053d257": "Defense Secretary", "57303048947a6a140053d258": "undermining the communist ideology", "5acff00c77cf76001a6865b4": "", "5acff00c77cf76001a6865b5": "", "5acff00c77cf76001a6865b6": "", "5acff00c77cf76001a6865b7": "", "5acff00c77cf76001a6865b8": "", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c6": "Latin", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c7": "colonization, use of military force,", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c9": "", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4ca": "technologies and ideas.", "5acff36377cf76001a6865ee": "Latin", "5acff36377cf76001a6865ef": "", "5acff36377cf76001a6865f0": "", "5acff36377cf76001a6865f1": "", "5acff36377cf76001a6865f2": "", "573062662461fd1900a9cdf7": "influence", "573062662461fd1900a9cdf8": "\"Formal", "573062662461fd1900a9cdfa": "\"othering\"", "573062662461fd1900a9cdfb": "direct", "5acff3b377cf76001a6865f8": "", "5acff3b377cf76001a6865f9": "", "5acff3b377cf76001a6865fa": "", "5acff3b377cf76001a6865fb": "", "5acff3b377cf76001a6865fc": "", "57306797396df919000960ee": "informal rule,", "57306797396df919000960ef": "\"formal\"", "57306797396df919000960f0": "aggressiveness.", "57306797396df919000960f1": "", "57306797396df919000960f2": "ownership of private industries", "5acff4b177cf76001a686614": "", "5acff4b177cf76001a686615": "", "5acff4b177cf76001a686616": "", "5acff4b177cf76001a686617": "Informal", "5acff4b177cf76001a686618": "", "573081c2069b531400832133": "", "573081c2069b531400832134": "the world systems theory. The two main regions are the core and the periphery. The core consists of high areas of income and profit; the periphery is on the opposing side of the spectrum consisting of areas of low income and profit.", "573081c2069b531400832135": "Lenin", "573081c2069b531400832136": "", "573081c2069b531400832137": "sea", "5acff55577cf76001a68661e": "", "5acff55577cf76001a68661f": "", "5acff55577cf76001a686620": "", "5acff55577cf76001a686621": "", "5acff55577cf76001a686622": "", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6d": "\"colonialism\",", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6e": "political focus.[further", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6f": "", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce70": "Ottoman", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce71": "a person or group of people.", "5acff5b077cf76001a686628": "\"colonialism\",", "5acff5b077cf76001a686629": "", "5acff5b077cf76001a68662a": "", "5acff5b077cf76001a68662b": "", "5acff5b077cf76001a68662c": "", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54c": "Imperialism and colonialism", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54d": "taking physical control of another,", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54e": "by conquering the other state's lands", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54f": "the characteristics of the conquering peoples", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c550": "exploitation of the valuable assets and supplies of the nation that was conquered", "5acff63377cf76001a68665a": "", "5acff63377cf76001a68665b": "", "5acff63377cf76001a68665c": "", "5acff63377cf76001a68665d": "", "5acff63377cf76001a68665e": "", "5730876a396df9190009617a": "defense and justification of empire-building", "5730876a396df9190009617b": "the races of highest 'social efficiency'\".", "5730876a396df9190009617c": "imperialism", "5730876a396df9190009617d": "\"Social Darwinism\"", "5730876a396df9190009617e": "\"whiteness\"", "5acff69e77cf76001a686664": "", "5acff69e77cf76001a686665": "", "5acff69e77cf76001a686666": "", "5acff69e77cf76001a686667": "", "5acff69e77cf76001a686668": "\"whiteness\"", "573088da069b53140083216b": "Germany", "573088da069b53140083216c": "", "573088da069b53140083216d": "stories.Political geographers", "573088da069b53140083216e": "necessary for a state\u2019s survival", "573088da069b53140083216f": "to fund travelers", "5acff6ea77cf76001a686680": "", "5acff6ea77cf76001a686681": "Britain", "5acff6ea77cf76001a686682": "stories.Political geographers", "5acff6ea77cf76001a686683": "", "5acff6ea77cf76001a686684": "", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c576": "environmental determinism", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c577": "temperate", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c578": "Orientalism", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c579": "uncivilized", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c57a": "the superior and the norm,", "5acff73377cf76001a68668a": "", "5acff73377cf76001a68668b": "", "5acff73377cf76001a68668c": "", "5acff73377cf76001a68668d": "", "5acff73377cf76001a68668e": "", "57308ddc396df919000961a4": "British Empire", "57308ddc396df919000961a5": "", "57308ddc396df919000961a6": "Aboriginal", "57308ddc396df919000961a7": "eighteenth century,", "57308ddc396df919000961a8": "'empty land').", "5ad02ab477cf76001a686c68": "", "5ad02ab477cf76001a686c69": "", "5ad02ab477cf76001a686c6a": "", "5ad02ab477cf76001a686c6b": "", "5ad02ab477cf76001a686c6c": "", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c580": "imaginative geography", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c581": "irrational and backward", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c582": "inferior,", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c583": "Orientalism", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c584": "inferior,", "5ad02aff77cf76001a686c7c": "", "5ad02aff77cf76001a686c7d": "", "5ad02aff77cf76001a686c7e": "", "5ad02aff77cf76001a686c7f": "", "5ad02aff77cf76001a686c80": "", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58a": "maps", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58b": "\"information to fill in blank spaces on contemporary maps\".", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58c": "to denote unknown or unexplored territory.", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58d": "nineteenth-century maps", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58e": "French", "5ad02be477cf76001a686c9a": "", "5ad02be477cf76001a686c9b": "", "5ad02be477cf76001a686c9c": "", "5ad02be477cf76001a686c9d": "", "573092088ab72b1400f9c594": "Genghis Khan", "573092088ab72b1400f9c595": "pre-Columbian", "573092088ab72b1400f9c596": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "573092088ab72b1400f9c597": "in the dozens.", "573092088ab72b1400f9c598": "", "5ad02cf577cf76001a686cd8": "", "5ad02cf577cf76001a686cd9": "", "5ad02cf577cf76001a686cda": "", "5ad02cf577cf76001a686cdb": "", "5ad02cf577cf76001a686cdc": "", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5ae": "Cultural imperialism", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5af": "soft power,", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b0": "Dallas", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b1": "Roman", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b2": "with bans on foreign popular culture, control of the internet and unauthorised satellite dishes", "5ad02d3077cf76001a686cf6": "", "5ad02d3077cf76001a686cf7": "", "5ad02d3077cf76001a686cf8": "", "5ad02d3077cf76001a686cf9": "", "5ad02d3077cf76001a686cfa": "", "57309446396df919000961b8": "around 1700,", "57309446396df919000961b9": "colonizing, influencing, and annexing other parts of the world", "57309446396df919000961ba": "thousands", "57309446396df919000961bb": "", "57309446396df919000961bc": "\"Open Door Policy\"", "5ad02de177cf76001a686d14": "", "5ad02de177cf76001a686d15": "", "5ad02de177cf76001a686d16": "", "5ad02de177cf76001a686d17": "around 1700,", "5ad02de177cf76001a686d18": "", "57309564069b5314008321a5": "(1919\u20131980)", "57309564069b5314008321a6": "1999", "57309564069b5314008321a7": "historians", "57309564069b5314008321a8": "the world's economy", "57309564069b5314008321a9": "many imperial powers", "5ad02e3377cf76001a686d32": "", "5ad02e3377cf76001a686d33": "", "5ad02e3377cf76001a686d34": "", "5ad02e3377cf76001a686d35": "", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d2": "economic growth", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d3": "colonies,", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d4": "mid-18th century", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d5": "the Mughal state,", "5ad02e8277cf76001a686d4e": "", "5ad02e8277cf76001a686d4f": "", "5ad02e8277cf76001a686d50": "", "5ad02e8277cf76001a686d51": "", "5ad02e8277cf76001a686d52": "", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dc": "advancements in communication,", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dd": "deadly explosives", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5de": "the machine gun", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5df": "arrows, swords, and leather shields", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5e0": "", "5ad02ef677cf76001a686d68": "", "5ad02ef677cf76001a686d69": "", "5ad02ef677cf76001a686d6a": "", "5ad02ef677cf76001a686d6b": "", "5ad02ef677cf76001a686d6c": "", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e6": "British", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e7": "late 1870s", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e8": "philanthropy;", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e9": "need for capitalist economies to constantly expand investment, material resources and manpower in such a way that necessitated colonial expansion.", "5ad02f5777cf76001a686d84": "", "5ad02f5777cf76001a686d85": "", "5ad02f5777cf76001a686d86": "", "5ad02f5777cf76001a686d87": "", "5ad02f5777cf76001a686d88": "", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c600": "aristocracy,", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c601": "before World War I,", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c602": "1950s.", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c603": "disease", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c604": "domestic social reforms could cure the international disease of imperialism by removing its economic foundation.", "5ad02fda77cf76001a686d8e": "", "5ad02fda77cf76001a686d8f": "", "5ad02fda77cf76001a686d90": "", "5ad02fda77cf76001a686d91": "", "5ad02fda77cf76001a686d92": "", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60a": "environmental determinism", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60b": "the environment in which they lived", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60c": "\"less civilized\"", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60d": "Africa),", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60e": "orientalism and tropicality.", "5ad0301577cf76001a686db4": "", "5ad0301577cf76001a686db5": "", "5ad0301577cf76001a686db6": "", "5ad0301577cf76001a686db7": "Africa),", "5ad0301577cf76001a686db8": "", "5730a314069b5314008321eb": "geographic scholars under colonizing empires,", "5730a314069b5314008321ec": "Northern Europe and the Mid-Atlantic", "5730a314069b5314008321ed": "guidance and intervention", "5730a314069b5314008321ee": "", "5730a314069b5314008321ef": "under colonizing empires,", "5ad0312677cf76001a686dc8": "", "5ad0312677cf76001a686dc9": "", "5ad0312677cf76001a686dca": "", "5ad0312677cf76001a686dcb": "", "5ad0312677cf76001a686dcc": "", "5730a40f396df91900096234": "sixteenth century.", "5730a40f396df91900096235": "1599", "5730a40f396df91900096236": "Queen Elizabeth", "5730a40f396df91900096237": "political activity caused exploitation of the East India Company", "5730a40f396df91900096238": "Portuguese", "5ad0316177cf76001a686dda": "", "5ad0316177cf76001a686ddb": "", "5ad0316177cf76001a686ddc": "", "5ad0316177cf76001a686ddd": "", "5ad0316177cf76001a686dde": "Portuguese", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf29": "1830", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2a": "after 1850,", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2b": "North and West Africa, as well as South-East Asia,", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2c": "", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2d": "", "5ad031ef77cf76001a686df2": "", "5ad031ef77cf76001a686df3": "after 1850,", "5ad031ef77cf76001a686df4": "", "5ad031ef77cf76001a686df5": "", "5ad031ef77cf76001a686df6": "", "5730a951069b531400832213": "civilize the inferior\".", "5730a951069b531400832214": "France sent small numbers of settlers to its colonies,", "5730a951069b531400832215": "France sent small numbers of settlers to its colonies,", "5730a951069b531400832216": "Christianity and French culture. In 1884 the leading exponent of colonialism, Jules Ferry declared France had a civilising mission: \"The higher races have a right over the lower races, they have a duty to civilize the inferior\". Full citizenship rights \u2013 \u2018\u2019assimilation\u2019\u2019 \u2013 were offered, although in reality assimilation was always on the distant horizon.", "5730a951069b531400832217": "", "5ad0322877cf76001a686dfc": "", "5ad0322877cf76001a686dfd": "", "5ad0322877cf76001a686dfe": "", "5ad0322877cf76001a686dff": "", "5730aa52069b53140083221d": "overseas colonies", "5730aa52069b53140083221e": "anti-colonial movements", "5730aa52069b53140083221f": "Vietnam", "5730aa52069b531400832220": "Algeria,", "5730aa52069b531400832221": "1960", "5ad032b377cf76001a686e0c": "", "5ad032b377cf76001a686e0d": "anti-colonial movements", "5ad032b377cf76001a686e0e": "", "5ad032b377cf76001a686e0f": "", "5ad032b377cf76001a686e10": "", "5730ab63396df91900096260": "Scandinavia and northern Europe,", "5730ab63396df91900096261": "middle period of classical antiquity;", "5730ab63396df91900096262": "", "5730ab63396df91900096263": "Iberia.", "5730ab63396df91900096264": "an amorphous area of central Europe.", "5ad0354e77cf76001a686e1e": "", "5ad0354e77cf76001a686e1f": "", "5ad0354e77cf76001a686e20": "", "5ad0354e77cf76001a686e21": "", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf73": "late 19th century.", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf74": "(1862\u201390),", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf75": "after the Franco-German War,", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf76": "Europe itself.", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf77": "Napoleon,", "5ad035bd77cf76001a686e26": "", "5ad035bd77cf76001a686e27": "", "5ad035bd77cf76001a686e28": "", "5ad035bd77cf76001a686e29": "", "5ad035bd77cf76001a686e2a": "", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c682": "the South Pacific,", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c683": "German prestige.", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c684": "German New Guinea", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c685": "1884.", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c686": "Hamburg merchants and traders,", "5ad0383677cf76001a686e38": "", "5ad0383677cf76001a686e39": "", "5ad0383677cf76001a686e3a": "", "5ad0383677cf76001a686e3b": "", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa3": "1894,", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa4": "Japan took part of Sakhalin Island from Russia.", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa5": "Manchuria", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa6": "Thailand,", "5ad0388377cf76001a686e40": "", "5ad0388377cf76001a686e41": "", "5ad0388377cf76001a686e42": "", "5ad0388377cf76001a686e43": "", "5730b255396df919000962b0": "People\u2019s Republic of China", "5730b255396df919000962b1": "1932.", "5730b255396df919000962b2": "Lenin", "5730b255396df919000962b3": "Eastern Europe.", "5730b255396df919000962b4": "", "5ad0391f77cf76001a686e48": "", "5ad0391f77cf76001a686e49": "", "5ad0391f77cf76001a686e4a": "", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc5": "a world revolution.", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc6": "Lenin", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc7": "'socialism in one country'", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc8": "Nikita Khrushchev", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc9": "Mao Zedong", "5ad039ec77cf76001a686e66": "", "5ad039ec77cf76001a686e67": "", "5ad039ec77cf76001a686e68": "", "5730b541396df919000962c2": "mercantilism,", "5730b541396df919000962c3": "1776.", "5730b541396df919000962c4": "the independence of Spanish and Portuguese colonies about 1820.", "5730b541396df919000962c5": "free trade", "5730b541396df919000962c6": "1815,", "5ad03a1a77cf76001a686e6c": "", "5ad03a1a77cf76001a686e6d": "", "5ad03a1a77cf76001a686e6e": "", "5ad03a1a77cf76001a686e6f": "", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfcf": "British", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd0": "pseudo-sciences", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd1": "Africa", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd2": "The British Empire", "5ad03a3e77cf76001a686e74": "", "5ad03a3e77cf76001a686e75": "", "5ad03a3e77cf76001a686e76": "", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c3": "\"make the world safe for democracy\" changed all this. They were often backed by military force, but were more often affected from behind the scenes.", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c4": "interventionism", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c5": "Philippines", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c6": "a war erupted in the Philippines", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c7": "a \"racket\"", "5ad03a6b77cf76001a686e7a": "", "5ad03a6b77cf76001a686e7b": "", "5ad03a6b77cf76001a686e7c": "", "5ad03a6b77cf76001a686e7d": "", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c704": "Isiah Bowman.", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c705": "1917,", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c706": "the American delegation from the Paris Peace Conference.", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c707": "geographical order.", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c708": "Wilson's geographer.", "5ad03a8a77cf76001a686e82": "", "5ad03a8a77cf76001a686e83": "", "5ad03a8a77cf76001a686e84": "", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d011": "internal strife", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d012": "internal", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d013": "", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d015": "the contemporary Orient,", "5ad03b0b77cf76001a686e90": "", "5ad03b0b77cf76001a686e91": "", "5ad03b0b77cf76001a686e92": "", "5ad03b0b77cf76001a686e93": "", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73c": "1923.", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73d": "Suleiman the Magnificent,", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73e": "32 provinces", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73f": "Southeast Europe,", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c740": "16th and 17th centuries,", "5ad03b4677cf76001a686ea2": "", "5ad03b4677cf76001a686ea3": "", "5ad03b4677cf76001a686ea4": "", "5ad03b4677cf76001a686ea5": "", "5730bd00069b5314008322d7": "Istanbul", "5730bd00069b5314008322d9": "Germany", "5730bd00069b5314008322da": "Turkey", "5730bd00069b5314008322db": "", "5ad03b7977cf76001a686eaa": "", "5ad03b7977cf76001a686eab": "", "5ad03b7977cf76001a686eac": "", "5ad03b7977cf76001a686ead": "", "5ad03b7977cf76001a686eae": "", "5732b6b5328d981900602021": "Warsaw", "5732b6b5328d981900602022": "Vistula", "5732b6b5328d981900602023": "260 kilometres (160 mi)", "5732b6b5328d981900602024": "2.666 million", "5732b6b5328d981900602025": "9th", "5ad4bbbb5b96ef001a109e88": "", "5ad4bbbb5b96ef001a109e89": "", "5ad4bbbb5b96ef001a109e8a": "", "5ad4bbbb5b96ef001a109e8b": "", "5ad4bbbb5b96ef001a109e8c": "", "573312fcd058e614000b56e6": "Economist Intelligence Unit", "573312fcd058e614000b56e7": "2012", "573312fcd058e614000b56e8": "FMCG manufacturing, metal processing, steel and electronic manufacturing and food processing.", "573312fcd058e614000b56e9": "Warsaw Stock Exchange", "573312fcd058e614000b56ea": "Frontex,", "5ad4bcc45b96ef001a109e9c": "", "5ad4bcc45b96ef001a109e9d": "", "5ad4bcc45b96ef001a109e9e": "", "5ad4bcc45b96ef001a109e9f": "", "5ad4bcc45b96ef001a109ea0": "", "5733140a4776f419006606e0": "1313,", "5733140a4776f419006606e1": "Krak\u00f3w", "5733140a4776f419006606e2": "1596.", "5733140a4776f419006606e3": "King Sigismund III Vasa", "5733140a4776f419006606e4": "because it has survived many wars, conflicts and invasions", "5ad4bdbd5b96ef001a109ed8": "", "5ad4bdbd5b96ef001a109ed9": "", "5ad4bdbd5b96ef001a109eda": "1806", "5ad4bdbd5b96ef001a109edb": "", "5ad4bdbd5b96ef001a109edc": "", "573314e3d058e614000b56f0": "Roman Catholic", "573314e3d058e614000b56f1": "Polish Academy of Sciences", "573314e3d058e614000b56f2": "UNESCO World Heritage Site.", "573314e3d058e614000b56f3": "architectural", "573314e3d058e614000b56f4": "luxurious parks and royal gardens.", "5ad510be5b96ef001a10ab56": "", "5ad510be5b96ef001a10ab57": "", "5ad510be5b96ef001a10ab58": "", "5ad510be5b96ef001a10ab59": "Polish Academy of Sciences", "5ad510be5b96ef001a10ab5a": "architectural", "57332442d058e614000b5720": "Warszawa,", "57332442d058e614000b5721": "\"belonging to Warsz\",", "57332442d058e614000b5722": "12th/13th-century nobleman", "57332442d058e614000b5723": "a village", "57332442d058e614000b5724": "miasto sto\u0142eczne Warszawa", "5ad50bb95b96ef001a10aaae": "", "5ad50bb95b96ef001a10aaaf": "", "5ad50bb95b96ef001a10aab0": "", "5ad50bb95b96ef001a10aab1": "", "5ad50bb95b96ef001a10aab2": "", "57332562d058e614000b5730": "Jazd\u00f3w", "57332562d058e614000b5731": "The Prince of P\u0142ock,", "57332562d058e614000b5732": "1300.", "57332562d058e614000b5733": "1413.", "57332562d058e614000b5734": "1526.", "5ad4bea25b96ef001a109ef6": "", "5ad4bea25b96ef001a109ef7": "", "5ad4bea25b96ef001a109ef8": "", "5ad4bea25b96ef001a109ef9": "", "5ad4bea25b96ef001a109efa": "1526.", "5733266d4776f41900660712": "the General Sejm,", "5733266d4776f41900660713": "1569.", "5733266d4776f41900660714": "religious freedom", "5733266d4776f41900660715": "central location", "5733266d4776f41900660716": "1596.", "5ad4c99d5b96ef001a10a0a3": "", "5ad4c99d5b96ef001a10a0a4": "", "5ad4c99d5b96ef001a10a0a5": "", "5ad4c99d5b96ef001a10a0a6": "", "57332a734776f41900660726": "until 1796,", "57332a734776f41900660727": "Kingdom of Prussia", "57332a734776f41900660728": "Napoleon's", "57332a734776f41900660729": "1815,", "57332a734776f4190066072a": "1816.", "5ad4ca605b96ef001a10a0ca": "", "5ad4ca605b96ef001a10a0cb": "", "5ad4ca605b96ef001a10a0cc": "", "5ad4ca605b96ef001a10a0cd": "", "5ad4ca605b96ef001a10a0ce": "", "57332b66d058e614000b5758": "4 August 1915 until November 1918.", "57332b66d058e614000b5759": "areas controlled by Russia in 1914,", "57332b66d058e614000b575a": "Pi\u0142sudski", "57332b66d058e614000b575b": "1920", "57332b66d058e614000b575c": "Red Army defeated. Poland stopped by itself the full brunt of the Red Army", "5ad4caf45b96ef001a10a0d4": "", "5ad4caf45b96ef001a10a0d5": "", "5ad4caf45b96ef001a10a0d6": "", "5ad4caf45b96ef001a10a0d7": "", "5ad4caf45b96ef001a10a0d8": "", "57332c1e4776f4190066073a": "1 September 1939", "57332c1e4776f4190066073b": "", "57332c1e4776f4190066073c": "30%", "57332c1e4776f4190066073d": "19 April 1943,", "57332c1e4776f4190066073e": "almost a month.", "5ad50c9f5b96ef001a10aae0": "", "5ad50c9f5b96ef001a10aae1": "", "5ad50c9f5b96ef001a10aae2": "", "5ad50c9f5b96ef001a10aae3": "", "5ad50c9f5b96ef001a10aae4": "", "57332e48d058e614000b5762": "Red Army", "57332e48d058e614000b5763": "Stalin was hostile to the idea of an independent Poland,", "57332e48d058e614000b5764": "1 August 1944,", "57332e48d058e614000b5765": "63 days.", "57332e48d058e614000b5766": "between 150,000 and 200,000.", "5ad4cc135b96ef001a10a0f2": "Red Army", "5ad4cc135b96ef001a10a0f3": "", "5ad4cc135b96ef001a10a0f4": "", "5ad4cc135b96ef001a10a0f5": "63 days.", "5ad4cc135b96ef001a10a0f6": "", "57332f81d058e614000b5776": "\"Bricks for Warsaw\"", "57332f81d058e614000b5777": "prefabricated", "57332f81d058e614000b5778": "Eastern Bloc city,", "57332f81d058e614000b5779": "the Palace of Culture and Science,", "57332f81d058e614000b577a": "UNESCO's World Heritage", "5ad4cd6e5b96ef001a10a124": "", "5ad4cd6e5b96ef001a10a125": "", "5ad4cd6e5b96ef001a10a126": "", "5ad4cd6e5b96ef001a10a127": "", "5ad4cd6e5b96ef001a10a128": "", "573330444776f41900660758": "John Paul II's", "573330444776f41900660759": "anti-communist fervor", "573330444776f4190066075a": "less than a year", "573330444776f4190066075b": "Victory Square", "573330444776f4190066075c": "incentive for the democratic changes.", "5ad4d0ca5b96ef001a10a196": "", "5ad4d0ca5b96ef001a10a197": "", "5ad4d0ca5b96ef001a10a198": "", "5ad4d0ca5b96ef001a10a199": "", "5ad4d0ca5b96ef001a10a19a": "", "5733314e4776f4190066076a": "300", "5733314e4776f4190066076b": "325", "5733314e4776f4190066076c": "Vistula", "5733314e4776f4190066076d": "115.7 metres", "5733314e4776f4190066076e": "right bank of the Vistula,", "5ad4d1785b96ef001a10a1b2": "", "5ad4d1785b96ef001a10a1b3": "", "5ad4d1785b96ef001a10a1b4": "", "5ad4d1785b96ef001a10a1b5": "", "5ad4d1785b96ef001a10a1b6": "", "57335c20d058e614000b58f9": "two", "57335c20d058e614000b58fa": "Vistula Valley", "57335c20d058e614000b58fb": "The Vistula River", "57335c20d058e614000b58fc": "moraine", "57335c20d058e614000b58fd": "Warsaw Escarpment.", "5ad4d2855b96ef001a10a1da": "", "5ad4d2855b96ef001a10a1db": "", "5ad4d2855b96ef001a10a1dc": "", "5ad4d2855b96ef001a10a1dd": "", "5ad4d2855b96ef001a10a1de": "", "57335ddbd058e614000b592f": "plain moraine", "57335ddbd058e614000b5930": "former flooded terraces", "57335ddbd058e614000b5931": "valleys and ground depressions", "57335ddbd058e614000b5932": "cover the highest terrace.", "57335ddbd058e614000b5933": "(pine forest).", "5ad50de85b96ef001a10ab12": "", "5ad50de85b96ef001a10ab13": "", "5ad50de85b96ef001a10ab14": "", "5ad50de85b96ef001a10ab15": "", "5ad50de85b96ef001a10ab16": "", "57335fcad058e614000b5970": "the turbulent history", "57335fcad058e614000b5971": "Second World War,", "57335fcad058e614000b5972": "After liberation,", "57335fcad058e614000b5973": "Leopold Kronenberg Palace).", "57335fcad058e614000b5974": "typical of Eastern bloc countries.", "5ad4d55f5b96ef001a10a274": "", "5ad4d55f5b96ef001a10a275": "", "5ad4d55f5b96ef001a10a276": "", "5ad4d55f5b96ef001a10a277": "", "5ad4d55f5b96ef001a10a278": "", "573361404776f4190066093c": "Gothic", "573361404776f4190066093d": "(14th century),", "573361404776f4190066093e": "Masovian gothic style,", "573361404776f4190066093f": "Renaissance", "573361404776f41900660940": "mannerist architecture", "5ad50f1c5b96ef001a10ab2e": "(1562),", "5ad50f1c5b96ef001a10ab2f": "", "5ad50f1c5b96ef001a10ab30": "", "5ad50f1c5b96ef001a10ab31": "", "5ad50f1c5b96ef001a10ab32": "", "573362b94776f41900660974": "17th century.", "573362b94776f41900660975": "(1688\u20131692).", "573362b94776f41900660976": "", "573362b94776f41900660977": "neoclassical architecture", "573362b94776f41900660978": "1775\u20131795),", "5ad4d8d65b96ef001a10a362": "", "5ad4d8d65b96ef001a10a363": "", "5ad4d8d65b96ef001a10a364": "", "5ad4d8d65b96ef001a10a365": "", "5ad4d8d65b96ef001a10a366": "", "5733638fd058e614000b59e8": "bourgeois architecture", "5733638fd058e614000b59e9": "were not restored by the communist authorities after the war", "5733638fd058e614000b59ea": "socialist realism", "5733638fd058e614000b59eb": "Warsaw University of Technology", "5733638fd058e614000b59ec": "", "5ad4d9be5b96ef001a10a3b0": "", "5ad4d9be5b96ef001a10a3b1": "", "5ad4d9be5b96ef001a10a3b2": "", "5ad4d9be5b96ef001a10a3b3": "", "5ad4d9be5b96ef001a10a3b4": "", "5733647e4776f419006609ae": "many places", "5733647e4776f419006609af": "Pawiak,", "5733647e4776f419006609b0": "The Warsaw Citadel,", "5733647e4776f419006609b1": "children who served as messengers and frontline troops in the Warsaw Uprising,", "5733647e4776f419006609b2": "Warsaw Uprising Monument", "5ad4da795b96ef001a10a3e6": "", "5ad4da795b96ef001a10a3e7": "", "5ad4da795b96ef001a10a3e8": "", "5ad4da795b96ef001a10a3e9": "", "5ad4da795b96ef001a10a3ea": "", "57336755d058e614000b5a3c": "", "57336755d058e614000b5a3d": "100", "57336755d058e614000b5a3e": "the east end", "57336755d058e614000b5a3f": "Krasi\u0144ski Palace Garden", "57336755d058e614000b5a40": "The \u0141azienki Park", "5ad4db9f5b96ef001a10a43e": "", "5ad4db9f5b96ef001a10a43f": "", "5ad4db9f5b96ef001a10a440": "", "5ad4db9f5b96ef001a10a441": "", "5ad4db9f5b96ef001a10a442": "", "573368044776f41900660a29": "green spaces", "573368044776f41900660a2a": "the New Orangery", "573368044776f41900660a2b": "Pole Mokotowskie", "573368044776f41900660a2c": "Park Ujazdowski", "573368044776f41900660a2d": "1927", "5ad4dc755b96ef001a10a46e": "", "5ad4dc755b96ef001a10a46f": "", "5ad4dc755b96ef001a10a470": "", "5ad4dc755b96ef001a10a471": "", "5ad4dc755b96ef001a10a472": "", "573368e54776f41900660a53": "the location of Warsaw within the border region of several big floral regions", "573368e54776f41900660a54": "within the borders of Warsaw,", "573368e54776f41900660a55": "Masovian Primeval Forest.", "573368e54776f41900660a56": "Kabaty Forest", "573368e54776f41900660a57": "two", "5ad50fe55b96ef001a10ab4c": "", "5ad50fe55b96ef001a10ab4d": "", "5ad50fe55b96ef001a10ab4e": "", "5ad50fe55b96ef001a10ab4f": "", "5ad50fe55b96ef001a10ab50": "", "57337ddc4776f41900660bba": "13", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbb": "15 kilometres", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbc": "the otter, beaver and hundreds of bird species.", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbd": "", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbe": "to clean them of plants and sediments.", "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a49e": "", "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a49f": "", "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4a0": "", "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4a1": "", "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4a2": "", "57337ea24776f41900660bd0": "city", "57337ea24776f41900660bd1": "Jewish", "57337ea24776f41900660bd2": "(around 34%", "57337ea24776f41900660bd3": "833,500", "57337ea24776f41900660bd4": "internal migration and urbanisation.", "5ad4f1365b96ef001a10a70c": "", "5ad4f1365b96ef001a10a70d": "", "5ad4f1365b96ef001a10a70e": "", "5ad4f1365b96ef001a10a70f": "internal migration and urbanisation.", "5ad4f1365b96ef001a10a710": "", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcb": "1,300,000", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcc": "420,000", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcd": "(1951)", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bce": "better only because they lived in the capital.", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcf": "residency registration", "5ad4f1c95b96ef001a10a726": "", "5ad4f1c95b96ef001a10a727": "", "5ad4f1c95b96ef001a10a728": "", "5ad4f1c95b96ef001a10a729": "", "5ad4f1c95b96ef001a10a72a": "", "57338007d058e614000b5bda": "multi-cultural", "57338007d058e614000b5bdb": "711,988", "57338007d058e614000b5bdc": "56.2%", "57338007d058e614000b5bdd": "2.8%", "57338007d058e614000b5bde": "1944.", "5ad4f28c5b96ef001a10a730": "", "5ad4f28c5b96ef001a10a731": "", "5ad4f28c5b96ef001a10a732": "56.2%", "5ad4f28c5b96ef001a10a733": "", "5ad4f28c5b96ef001a10a734": "", "573380e0d058e614000b5be9": "a commune (gmina).", "573380e0d058e614000b5bea": "counties or powiats.", "573380e0d058e614000b5beb": "Krak\u00f3w", "5ad4f40c5b96ef001a10a774": "", "5ad4f40c5b96ef001a10a775": "", "5ad4f40c5b96ef001a10a776": "", "5ad4f40c5b96ef001a10a777": "", "5ad4f40c5b96ef001a10a778": "Krak\u00f3w", "57338160d058e614000b5bf9": "Warsaw City Council", "57338160d058e614000b5bfa": "60", "57338160d058e614000b5bfb": "every four years.", "57338160d058e614000b5bfc": "committees", "57338160d058e614000b5bfd": "30", "5ad4f4d95b96ef001a10a792": "Warsaw City Council", "5ad4f4d95b96ef001a10a793": "", "5ad4f4d95b96ef001a10a794": "", "5ad4f4d95b96ef001a10a795": "", "5ad4f4d95b96ef001a10a796": "", "57338255d058e614000b5c0d": "President", "57338255d058e614000b5c0e": "Jan Andrzej Menich", "57338255d058e614000b5c0f": "Between 1975 and 1990", "57338255d058e614000b5c10": "City council.", "57338255d058e614000b5c11": "Centrum", "5ad4f5765b96ef001a10a7a6": "", "5ad4f5765b96ef001a10a7a7": "", "5ad4f5765b96ef001a10a7a8": "1994\u20131999", "5ad4f5765b96ef001a10a7a9": "", "5ad4f5765b96ef001a10a7aa": "", "573382d24776f41900660c37": "(\u015ar\u00f3dmie\u015bcie),", "573382d24776f41900660c38": "304,016", "573382d24776f41900660c39": "emerging market.", "573382d24776f41900660c3a": "12%", "573382d24776f41900660c3b": "191.766 billion PLN,", "5ad4f63b5b96ef001a10a7c2": "", "5ad4f63b5b96ef001a10a7c3": "", "5ad4f63b5b96ef001a10a7c4": "", "5ad4f63b5b96ef001a10a7c5": "", "5ad4f63b5b96ef001a10a7c6": "", "5733834ed058e614000b5c26": "1817", "5733834ed058e614000b5c27": "World War II.", "5733834ed058e614000b5c28": "April 1991,", "5733834ed058e614000b5c29": "374", "5733834ed058e614000b5c2a": "Polish United Workers' Party", "5ad4f7235b96ef001a10a7dc": "", "5ad4f7235b96ef001a10a7dd": "the end of the post-war communist control of the country and the reintroduction of a free-market economy.", "5ad4f7235b96ef001a10a7de": "", "5ad4f7235b96ef001a10a7df": "", "5ad4f7235b96ef001a10a7e0": "", "573383d0d058e614000b5c35": "1951.", "573383d0d058e614000b5c36": "", "573383d0d058e614000b5c37": "Daewoo,", "573383d0d058e614000b5c38": "AvtoZAZ,", "573383d0d058e614000b5c39": "Chevrolet Aveo.", "5ad4f7df5b96ef001a10a7fa": "", "5ad4f7df5b96ef001a10a7fb": "", "5ad4f7df5b96ef001a10a7fc": "", "5ad4f7df5b96ef001a10a7fd": "", "5ad4f7df5b96ef001a10a7fe": "", "57339555d058e614000b5df3": "1816,", "57339555d058e614000b5df4": "Warsaw University of Technology", "57339555d058e614000b5df5": "2,000", "57339555d058e614000b5df6": "Medical University of Warsaw,", "57339555d058e614000b5df7": "Fryderyk Chopin University of Music", "5ad4f8b35b96ef001a10a82a": "", "5ad4f8b35b96ef001a10a82b": "", "5ad4f8b35b96ef001a10a82c": "", "5ad4f8b35b96ef001a10a82d": "", "5ad4f8b35b96ef001a10a82e": "", "57339902d058e614000b5e70": "1816,", "57339902d058e614000b5e71": "over two million", "57339902d058e614000b5e72": "", "57339902d058e614000b5e73": "Irena Bajerska,", "57339902d058e614000b5e74": "more than 10,000 m2", "5ad4faa45b96ef001a10a85a": "", "5ad4faa45b96ef001a10a85b": "", "5ad4faa45b96ef001a10a85c": "", "5ad4faa45b96ef001a10a85d": "", "5ad4faa45b96ef001a10a85e": "", "573399b54776f41900660e64": "infrastructure", "573399b54776f41900660e65": "Three-Year Plan", "573399b54776f41900660e66": "solid economic growth, an increase in foreign investment as well as funding from the European Union.", "573399b54776f41900660e67": "improved markedly.", "5ad4fbeb5b96ef001a10a882": "", "5ad4fbeb5b96ef001a10a883": "", "5ad4fbeb5b96ef001a10a884": "", "5ad4fbeb5b96ef001a10a885": "", "5ad4fbeb5b96ef001a10a886": "", "57339a554776f41900660e74": "Warsaw", "57339a554776f41900660e75": "Children's Memorial Health Institute", "57339a554776f41900660e76": "Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Institute of Oncology", "57339a554776f41900660e77": "700", "57339a554776f41900660e78": "developed", "5ad4fd0f5b96ef001a10a896": "", "5ad4fd0f5b96ef001a10a897": "", "5ad4fd0f5b96ef001a10a898": "", "5ad4fd0f5b96ef001a10a899": "", "5ad4fd0f5b96ef001a10a89a": "developed", "57339ad74776f41900660e86": "musical", "57339ad74776f41900660e87": "events and festivals.", "57339ad74776f41900660e88": "Palace of Culture and Science,", "57339ad74776f41900660e89": "", "57339ad74776f41900660e8a": "events and festivals.", "5ad4fe635b96ef001a10a8b8": "", "5ad4fe635b96ef001a10a8b9": "", "5ad4fe635b96ef001a10a8ba": "", "5ad4fe635b96ef001a10a8bb": "", "5ad4fe635b96ef001a10a8bc": "events and festivals.", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec5": "Ogr\u00f3d Saski", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec6": "Ogr\u00f3d Saski", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec7": "1870 to 1939,", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec8": "Momus,", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec9": "The Wojciech Bogus\u0142awski Theatre", "5ad4ff375b96ef001a10a8d6": "", "5ad4ff375b96ef001a10a8d7": "", "5ad4ff375b96ef001a10a8d8": "", "5ad4ff375b96ef001a10a8d9": "", "5ad4ff375b96ef001a10a8da": "", "57339dd94776f41900660ecc": "Wianki", "57339dd94776f41900660ecd": "thousands", "57339dd94776f41900660ece": "Midsummer\u2019s Night", "57339dd94776f41900660ecf": "when they would be married,", "57339dd94776f41900660ed0": "fern", "5ad500e95b96ef001a10a912": "", "5ad500e95b96ef001a10a913": "thousands", "5ad500e95b96ef001a10a914": "Each Midsummer\u2019s Eve,", "5ad500e95b96ef001a10a915": "when they would be married, and to whom.", "5ad500e95b96ef001a10a916": "fern", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef6": "art posters", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef7": "60", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef8": "prestigious", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef9": "paintings", "57339eb9d058e614000b5efa": "arms", "5ad502385b96ef001a10a954": "", "5ad502385b96ef001a10a955": "", "5ad502385b96ef001a10a956": "", "5ad502385b96ef001a10a957": "", "5ad502385b96ef001a10a958": "", "5733a1854776f41900660f0a": "Warsaw Uprising Museum and in the Katy\u0144 Museum", "5733a1854776f41900660f0b": "Katy\u0144 Museum", "5733a1854776f41900660f0c": "stereoscopic", "5733a1854776f41900660f0d": "The Museum of Independence", "5733a1854776f41900660f0e": "60", "5ad5036c5b96ef001a10a984": "", "5ad5036c5b96ef001a10a985": "The Museum of Independence", "5ad5036c5b96ef001a10a986": "stereoscopic theatre,", "5ad5036c5b96ef001a10a987": "", "5ad5036c5b96ef001a10a988": "", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f28": "Royal Ujazd\u00f3w Castle", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f29": "about 500", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2a": "Zach\u0119ta National Gallery of Art,", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2b": "", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2c": "last weekend of September.", "5ad5041c5b96ef001a10a9ac": "", "5ad5041c5b96ef001a10a9ad": "", "5ad5041c5b96ef001a10a9ae": "", "5ad5041c5b96ef001a10a9af": "", "5ad5041c5b96ef001a10a9b0": "", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f32": "Polonia Warsaw,", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f33": "1946,", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f34": "twice", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f35": "Konwiktorska Street,", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f36": "their disastrous financial situation.", "5ad505165b96ef001a10a9f4": "", "5ad505165b96ef001a10a9f5": "", "5ad505165b96ef001a10a9f6": "", "5ad505165b96ef001a10a9f7": "", "5ad505165b96ef001a10a9f8": "", "5733a45d4776f41900660f23": "", "5733a45d4776f41900660f24": "The mermaid (syrenka)", "5733a45d4776f41900660f25": "since at least the mid-14th", "5733a45d4776f41900660f26": "1390,", "5733a45d4776f41900660f27": "a sword", "5ad5071f5b96ef001a10aa38": "", "5ad5071f5b96ef001a10aa39": "", "5ad5071f5b96ef001a10aa3a": "", "5ad5071f5b96ef001a10aa3b": "", "5ad5071f5b96ef001a10aa3c": "", "5733a560d058e614000b5f77": "", "5733a560d058e614000b5f78": "the depths of the oceans and seas.", "5733a560d058e614000b5f79": "the coast of Denmark", "5733a560d058e614000b5f7a": "Warszowa,", "5733a560d058e614000b5f7b": "captured the mermaid.", "5ad507d25b96ef001a10aa4c": "", "5ad507d25b96ef001a10aa4d": "", "5ad507d25b96ef001a10aa4e": "", "5ad507d25b96ef001a10aa4f": "", "5ad507d25b96ef001a10aa50": "", "5733a5f54776f41900660f44": "Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie,", "5733a5f54776f41900660f45": "the Nobel Prize.", "5733a5f54776f41900660f46": "Famous musicians", "5733a5f54776f41900660f47": "seven months", "5733a5f54776f41900660f48": "1745.", "5ad508665b96ef001a10aa68": "", "5ad508665b96ef001a10aa69": "", "5ad508665b96ef001a10aa6a": "", "5ad508665b96ef001a10aa6b": "seven months", "5ad508665b96ef001a10aa6c": "", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f58": "Warsaw.", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f59": "1916", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5a": "Art Deco style", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5b": "poet,", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5c": "Isaac Bashevis Singer,", "5ad509615b96ef001a10aa7c": "", "5ad509615b96ef001a10aa7d": "", "5ad509615b96ef001a10aa7e": "", "5ad509615b96ef001a10aa7f": "", "5ad509615b96ef001a10aa80": "Nathan Alterman,", "5733cf61d058e614000b62e9": "(1754\u20131763)", "5733cf61d058e614000b62ea": "British America and New France,", "5733cf61d058e614000b62eb": "60,000", "5733cf61d058e614000b62ec": "2 million", "5ad3a01a604f3c001a3fe971": "", "5ad3a01a604f3c001a3fe972": "", "5ad3a01a604f3c001a3fe973": "Native American allies.", "5ad3a01a604f3c001a3fe974": "", "5ad3a01a604f3c001a3fe975": "", "5733cff84776f419006612b4": "primarily along the frontiers between New France and the British colonies, from Virginia in the South to Nova Scotia in the North.", "5733cff84776f419006612b5": "It began with a dispute over control of the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers,", "5733cff84776f419006612b6": "May 1754,", "5ad3a076604f3c001a3fe9a7": "", "5ad3a076604f3c001a3fe9a8": "", "5ad3a076604f3c001a3fe9a9": "", "5ad3a076604f3c001a3fe9aa": "", "5ad3a076604f3c001a3fe9ab": "", "5733d13e4776f419006612c4": "1755,", "5733d13e4776f419006612c5": "a disaster;", "5733d13e4776f419006612c6": "poor management, internal divisions, and effective Canadian scouts, French regular forces, and Indian warrior allies.", "5733d13e4776f419006612c7": "Fort Beaus\u00e9jour", "5733d13e4776f419006612c8": "the expulsion of the Acadians.", "5ad3a16d604f3c001a3fe9e1": "", "5ad3a16d604f3c001a3fe9e2": "a disaster;", "5ad3a16d604f3c001a3fe9e3": "", "5ad3a16d604f3c001a3fe9e4": "Fort Beaus\u00e9jour", "5ad3a16d604f3c001a3fe9e5": "", "5733d249d058e614000b6331": "William Pitt", "5733d249d058e614000b6332": "France was unwilling to risk large convoys to aid the limited forces it had in New France.", "5733d249d058e614000b6333": "European theatre of the war.", "5733d249d058e614000b6334": "Sainte Foy", "5ad3a1cd604f3c001a3fe9f5": "", "5ad3a1cd604f3c001a3fe9f6": "", "5ad3a1cd604f3c001a3fe9f7": "", "5ad3a1cd604f3c001a3fe9f8": "", "5ad3a1cd604f3c001a3fe9f9": "", "5733d2dbd058e614000b6339": "France ceded its territory east of the Mississippi", "5733d2dbd058e614000b633a": "French Louisiana west of the Mississippi River", "5733d2dbd058e614000b633b": "confirming Britain's position as the dominant colonial power in eastern North America.", "5ad3a21d604f3c001a3fea1d": "", "5ad3a21d604f3c001a3fea1e": "", "5ad3a21d604f3c001a3fea1f": "", "5ad3a21d604f3c001a3fea20": "", "5ad3a21d604f3c001a3fea21": "confirming Britain's position as the dominant colonial power in eastern North America.", "5733d3cb4776f419006612ea": "1740s,", "5733d3cb4776f419006612eb": "Indians fought on both sides of the conflict,", "5733d3cb4776f419006612ec": "a much larger conflict between France and Great Britain.", "5733d3cb4776f419006612ed": "the Fourth Intercolonial War and the Great War for the Empire.", "5ad3a27c604f3c001a3fea31": "", "5ad3a27c604f3c001a3fea32": "", "5ad3a27c604f3c001a3fea33": "", "5ad3a27c604f3c001a3fea34": "", "5ad3a27c604f3c001a3fea35": "", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6353": "from the official declaration of war in 1756 to the signing of the peace treaty in 1763.", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6354": "", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6355": "1760.", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6356": "Battle of Jumonville Glen", "5ad3a2e3604f3c001a3fea3b": "", "5ad3a2e3604f3c001a3fea3c": "", "5ad3a2e3604f3c001a3fea3d": "", "5ad3a2e3604f3c001a3fea3e": "", "5ad3a2e3604f3c001a3fea3f": "", "5733d5704776f4190066130e": "75,000", "5733d5704776f4190066130f": "", "5733d5704776f41900661310": "St. Lawrence and Mississippi watersheds,", "5ad3a342604f3c001a3fea59": "", "5ad3a342604f3c001a3fea5a": "", "5ad3a342604f3c001a3fea5b": "", "5ad3a342604f3c001a3fea5c": "", "5ad3a342604f3c001a3fea5d": "", "5733d68ed058e614000b637f": "20 to 1", "5733d68ed058e614000b6380": "along the eastern coast of the continent, from Nova Scotia and Newfoundland in the north, to Georgia in the south.", "5733d68ed058e614000b6381": "along the coast,", "5ad3a38c604f3c001a3fea63": "", "5ad3a38c604f3c001a3fea64": "", "5ad3a38c604f3c001a3fea65": "", "5ad3a38c604f3c001a3fea66": "", "5ad3a38c604f3c001a3fea67": "", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ab": "native tribes.", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ac": "Mi'kmaq and the Abenaki", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ad": "present-day Upstate New York and the Ohio Country,", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ae": "Iroquois", "5ad3a3fc604f3c001a3fea77": "", "5ad3a3fc604f3c001a3fea78": "", "5ad3a3fc604f3c001a3fea79": "", "5ad3a3fc604f3c001a3fea7a": "", "5ad3a3fc604f3c001a3fea7b": "", "5733da01d058e614000b63f9": "Catawba,", "5733da01d058e614000b63fa": "Huron, Mississauga, Ojibwa, Winnebago, and Potawatomi.", "5733da01d058e614000b63fb": "Iroquois Six Nations, and also by the Cherokee", "5ad3a733604f3c001a3feac9": "", "5ad3a733604f3c001a3feaca": "", "5ad3a733604f3c001a3feacb": "", "5ad3a733604f3c001a3feacc": "", "5ad3a733604f3c001a3feacd": "", "5733dab4d058e614000b6409": "no French regular army troops were stationed in North America,", "5733dab4d058e614000b640a": "few", "5733dab4d058e614000b640b": "Most British colonies mustered local militia companies, generally ill trained and available only for short periods, to deal with native threats, but did not have any standing forces.", "5ad3a79a604f3c001a3fead3": "", "5ad3a79a604f3c001a3fead4": "", "5ad3a79a604f3c001a3fead5": "", "5ad3a79a604f3c001a3fead6": "", "5ad3a79a604f3c001a3fead7": "did not have any standing forces.", "5733db8dd058e614000b6428": "3,000 miles (4,800 km)", "5733db8dd058e614000b6429": "200 Troupes de la marine and 30 Indians.", "5733db8dd058e614000b642a": "told them to leave.", "5ad3a7ef604f3c001a3feadd": "buried lead plates engraved with the French claim to the Ohio Country.", "5ad3a7ef604f3c001a3feade": "", "5ad3a7ef604f3c001a3feadf": "", "5ad3a7ef604f3c001a3feae0": "200 Troupes de la marine and 30 Indians.", "5ad3a7ef604f3c001a3feae1": "", "5733dc95d058e614000b644a": "they would trade with the British", "5733dc95d058e614000b644b": "Pickawillany,", "5733dc95d058e614000b644c": "threatened \"Old Briton\" with severe consequences", "5733dc95d058e614000b644d": "ignored the warning.", "5ad3a839604f3c001a3feaf1": "", "5ad3a839604f3c001a3feaf2": "", "5ad3a839604f3c001a3feaf3": "", "5ad3a839604f3c001a3feaf4": "", "5ad3a839604f3c001a3feaf5": "", "5733dd4f4776f419006613aa": "very badly disposed towards the French,", "5733dd4f4776f419006613ab": "each side proposing that action be taken.", "5733dd4f4776f419006613ac": "that British colonists would not be safe as long as the French were present.", "5ad3a893604f3c001a3feafb": "", "5ad3a893604f3c001a3feafc": "", "5ad3a893604f3c001a3feafd": "", "5ad3a893604f3c001a3feafe": "each side proposing that action be taken.", "5ad3a893604f3c001a3feaff": "", "5733e5a14776f4190066145b": "1749", "5733e5a14776f4190066145c": "Ohio Company of Virginia", "5733e5a14776f4190066145d": "Christopher Gist,", "5733e5a14776f4190066145e": "Treaty of Logstown", "5733e5a14776f4190066145f": "at the mouth of the Monongahela River", "5ad3a8fe604f3c001a3feb05": "", "5ad3a8fe604f3c001a3feb06": "", "5ad3a8fe604f3c001a3feb07": "", "5ad3a8fe604f3c001a3feb08": "", "5ad3a8fe604f3c001a3feb09": "", "5733e771d058e614000b6545": "King George's War)", "5733e771d058e614000b6546": "the signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.", "5733e771d058e614000b6547": "", "5733e771d058e614000b6548": "", "5ad3ad01604f3c001a3febd3": "", "5ad3ad01604f3c001a3febd4": "", "5ad3ad01604f3c001a3febd5": "the signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.", "5ad3ad01604f3c001a3febd6": "issues in Europe.", "5ad3ad01604f3c001a3febd7": "", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a6": "Marquis de la Jonqui\u00e8re,", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a7": "300", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a8": "His objective was to punish the Miami people of Pickawillany", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a9": "killing 14 people of the Miami nation,", "5ad3ad60604f3c001a3fec03": "", "5ad3ad60604f3c001a3fec04": "", "5ad3ad60604f3c001a3fec05": "", "5ad3ad60604f3c001a3fec06": "", "5ad3ad60604f3c001a3fec07": "", "5733ea04d058e614000b6594": "", "5733ea04d058e614000b6595": "Fort Presque Isle", "5733ea04d058e614000b6596": "(present-day Waterford, Pennsylvania),", "5733ea04d058e614000b6597": "protect the King's land in the Ohio Valley from the British.", "5733ea04d058e614000b6598": "Tanaghrisson,", "5ad3ade2604f3c001a3fec15": "", "5ad3ade2604f3c001a3fec16": "", "5ad3ade2604f3c001a3fec17": "Fort Presque Isle", "5ad3ade2604f3c001a3fec18": "", "5ad3ade2604f3c001a3fec19": "", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cc": "Superintendent for Indian Affairs", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cd": "Warraghiggey,", "5733eb34d058e614000b65ce": "colonel", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cf": "Mohawk Chief Hendrick,", "5ad3ae4f604f3c001a3fec47": "", "5ad3ae4f604f3c001a3fec48": "", "5ad3ae4f604f3c001a3fec49": "Warraghiggey,", "5ad3ae4f604f3c001a3fec4a": "Warraghiggey,", "5ad3ae4f604f3c001a3fec4b": "", "5733ef47d058e614000b662b": "Ohio Company,", "5733ef47d058e614000b662c": "Major George Washington", "5733ef47d058e614000b662d": "Jacob Van Braam", "5733ef47d058e614000b662e": "December 12,", "5ad3aedc604f3c001a3fec51": "", "5ad3aedc604f3c001a3fec52": "", "5ad3aedc604f3c001a3fec53": "", "5ad3aedc604f3c001a3fec54": "", "5ad3aedc604f3c001a3fec55": "", "5733f062d058e614000b6633": "Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre,", "5733f062d058e614000b6634": "the letter from Dinwiddie demanding an immediate French withdrawal from the Ohio Country.", "5733f062d058e614000b6635": "\"As to the Summons you send me to retire, I do not think myself obliged to obey it.\"", "5733f062d058e614000b6636": "Ren\u00e9-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle had explored the Ohio Country nearly a century earlier.", "5ad3af4e604f3c001a3fec73": "", "5ad3af4e604f3c001a3fec74": "", "5ad3af4e604f3c001a3fec75": "", "5ad3af4e604f3c001a3fec76": "\"As to the Summons you send me to retire, I do not think myself obliged to obey it.\"", "5ad3af4e604f3c001a3fec77": "", "5733f1784776f41900661575": "500", "5733f1784776f41900661576": "", "5733f1784776f41900661577": "Fort Duquesne.", "5ad3afa9604f3c001a3fec85": "", "5ad3afa9604f3c001a3fec86": "", "5ad3afa9604f3c001a3fec87": "", "5ad3afa9604f3c001a3fec88": "", "5ad3afa9604f3c001a3fec89": "", "5733f309d058e614000b6648": "surprised the Canadians", "5733f309d058e614000b6649": "They killed many of the Canadians,", "5733f309d058e614000b664a": "regain authority over his own people.", "5ad3b08b604f3c001a3fecb1": "", "5ad3b08b604f3c001a3fecb2": "", "5ad3b08b604f3c001a3fecb3": "", "5ad3b08b604f3c001a3fecb4": "", "5ad3b08b604f3c001a3fecb5": "", "5733f410d058e614000b6663": "dislodge the French. They chose Major General Edward Braddock to lead the expedition. Word of the British military plans leaked to France well before Braddock's departure for North America. In response, King Louis XV dispatched six regiments to New France under the", "5733f410d058e614000b6664": "well before Braddock's departure for North America. In response, King Louis XV dispatched six regiments to New France under the command of Baron Dieskau in 1755.", "5733f410d058e614000b6665": "dispatched six regiments to New France", "5733f410d058e614000b6666": "intending to blockade French ports,", "5ad3b147604f3c001a3fecd5": "dislodge the French.", "5ad3b147604f3c001a3fecd6": "", "5ad3b147604f3c001a3fecd7": "", "5ad3b147604f3c001a3fecd8": "dispatched six regiments to New France", "5ad3b147604f3c001a3fecd9": "", "5733f5264776f419006615a3": "Albany Congress", "5733f5264776f419006615a4": "formalize a unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians,", "5733f5264776f419006615a5": "never ratified by the colonial legislatures", "5733f5264776f419006615a6": "to formalize a unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians,", "5ad3b1be604f3c001a3fece9": "", "5ad3b1be604f3c001a3fecea": "", "5ad3b1be604f3c001a3feceb": "", "5ad3b1be604f3c001a3fecec": "", "5ad3b1be604f3c001a3feced": "", "5733f5f24776f419006615c1": "Braddock (with George Washington as one of his aides) led about 1,500 army troops and provincial militia", "5733f5f24776f419006615c2": "disaster.", "5733f5f24776f419006615c3": "Approximately 1,000 British soldiers were killed or injured.", "5733f5f24776f419006615c4": "Washington and Thomas Gage,", "5ad3b260604f3c001a3fed05": "", "5ad3b260604f3c001a3fed06": "", "5ad3b260604f3c001a3fed07": "", "5ad3b260604f3c001a3fed08": "", "5ad3b260604f3c001a3fed09": "", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66a9": "Shirley and Johnson.", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66aa": "logistical difficulties,", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ab": "Fort Niagara.", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ac": "garrisons", "5ad3b2e8604f3c001a3fed23": "", "5ad3b2e8604f3c001a3fed24": "", "5ad3b2e8604f3c001a3fed25": "", "5ad3b2e8604f3c001a3fed26": "", "5ad3b2e8604f3c001a3fed27": "", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f7": "Marquis de Vaudreuil.", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f8": "sent Dieskau to Fort St. Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f9": "Johnson", "5733f8dc4776f419006615fa": "Fort William Henry,", "5733f8dc4776f419006615fb": "Ticonderoga Point,", "5ad3b373604f3c001a3fed49": "", "5ad3b373604f3c001a3fed4a": "", "5ad3b373604f3c001a3fed4b": "", "5ad3b373604f3c001a3fed4c": "", "5ad3b373604f3c001a3fed4d": "Ticonderoga Point,", "5733f9fa4776f4190066161f": "Colonel Monckton,", "5733f9fa4776f41900661620": "deportation of the French-speaking Acadian population from the area.", "5733f9fa4776f41900661621": "Petitcodiac in 1755 and at Bloody Creek near Annapolis Royal in 1757.", "5ad3b3dc604f3c001a3fed67": "", "5ad3b3dc604f3c001a3fed68": "", "5ad3b3dc604f3c001a3fed69": "", "5ad3b3dc604f3c001a3fed6a": "", "5ad3b3dc604f3c001a3fed6b": "", "5733faaf4776f4190066162f": "William Shirley", "5733faaf4776f41900661630": "Albany", "5733faaf4776f41900661631": "attacks on Fort Frontenac on the north shore of Lake Ontario and an expedition through the wilderness of the Maine district and down the Chaudi\u00e8re River to attack the city of Quebec.", "5733faaf4776f41900661632": "Quebec.", "5ad3b498604f3c001a3fed7b": "", "5ad3b498604f3c001a3fed7c": "", "5ad3b498604f3c001a3fed7d": "", "5ad3b498604f3c001a3fed7e": "", "5ad3b498604f3c001a3fed7f": "", "5733fb7bd058e614000b66ff": "James Abercrombie", "5733fb7bd058e614000b6700": "Major General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm", "5733fb7bd058e614000b6701": "May 18, 1756,", "5ad3b4e8604f3c001a3fed99": "", "5ad3b4e8604f3c001a3fed9a": "", "5ad3b4e8604f3c001a3fed9b": "", "5ad3b4e8604f3c001a3fed9c": "", "5ad3b4e8604f3c001a3fed9d": "", "5733fc6ed058e614000b670f": "Oneida Carry.", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6710": "supply chain,", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6711": "45,000 pounds", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6712": "campaigns on Lake Ontario,", "5ad3b567604f3c001a3fedb3": "", "5ad3b567604f3c001a3fedb4": "", "5ad3b567604f3c001a3fedb5": "supply chain, so he ordered an attack against the forts Shirley had erected at the Oneida Carry. In the March Battle of Fort Bull,", "5ad3b567604f3c001a3fedb6": "", "5ad3b567604f3c001a3fedb7": "", "5733fd66d058e614000b6735": "Abercrombie", "5733fd66d058e614000b6736": "Ticonderoga,", "5733fd66d058e614000b6737": "Oswego", "5733fd66d058e614000b6738": "the disposition of prisoners' personal effects.", "5ad3b6d8604f3c001a3fedfb": "Ticonderoga,", "5ad3b6d8604f3c001a3fedfc": "", "5ad3b6d8604f3c001a3fedfd": "Abercrombie", "5ad3b6d8604f3c001a3fedfe": "Oswego", "5ad3b6d8604f3c001a3fedff": "", "5733fe73d058e614000b673d": "an attack on New France's capital, Quebec.", "5733fe73d058e614000b673e": "to distract Montcalm,", "5733fe73d058e614000b673f": "William Pitt,", "5733fe73d058e614000b6740": "returned to New York", "5ad3b781604f3c001a3fee23": "", "5ad3b781604f3c001a3fee24": "", "5ad3b781604f3c001a3fee25": "", "5ad3b781604f3c001a3fee26": "", "5ad3b781604f3c001a3fee27": "", "5733ffa7d058e614000b674f": "French irregular forces", "5733ffa7d058e614000b6750": "Lake George,", "5733ffa7d058e614000b6751": "attacked the British column,", "5ad3b826604f3c001a3fee47": "", "5ad3b826604f3c001a3fee48": "", "5ad3b826604f3c001a3fee49": "Lake George,", "5ad3b826604f3c001a3fee4a": "", "5ad3b826604f3c001a3fee4b": "attacked the British column,", "57340111d058e614000b677d": "British blockade of the French coastline", "57340111d058e614000b677e": "allegedly corrupt machinations of Fran\u00e7ois Bigot,", "57340111d058e614000b677f": "St. Lawrence,", "5ad3b911604f3c001a3fee63": "", "5ad3b911604f3c001a3fee64": "", "5ad3b911604f3c001a3fee65": "", "5ad3b911604f3c001a3fee66": "", "5ad3b911604f3c001a3fee67": "", "5734025d4776f419006616c3": "British failures in North America,", "5734025d4776f419006616c4": "Loudoun.", "5734025d4776f419006616c5": "three major offensive actions", "5734025d4776f419006616c6": "Two", "5ad3b9cd604f3c001a3fee87": "", "5ad3b9cd604f3c001a3fee88": "", "5ad3b9cd604f3c001a3fee89": "", "5ad3b9cd604f3c001a3fee8a": "", "5ad3b9cd604f3c001a3fee8b": "", "573403394776f419006616dd": "3,600", "573403394776f419006616de": "18,000", "573403394776f419006616df": "he sent John Bradstreet on an expedition that successfully destroyed Fort Frontenac,", "573403394776f419006616e0": "Abercrombie was recalled and replaced by Jeffery Amherst,", "5ad3ba81604f3c001a3fee9b": "3,600", "5ad3ba81604f3c001a3fee9c": "", "5ad3ba81604f3c001a3fee9d": "3,600", "5ad3ba81604f3c001a3fee9e": "he sent John Bradstreet on an expedition that successfully destroyed Fort Frontenac,", "5ad3ba81604f3c001a3fee9f": "Abercrombie was recalled and replaced by Jeffery Amherst,", "57340549d058e614000b67dd": "an invasion of Britain,", "57340549d058e614000b67de": "The invasion failed both militarily and politically,", "57340549d058e614000b67df": "Lagos and Quiberon Bay.", "5ad3bb12604f3c001a3feeb9": "", "5ad3bb12604f3c001a3feeba": "", "5ad3bb12604f3c001a3feebb": "The invasion failed both militarily and politically,", "5ad3bb12604f3c001a3feebc": "", "5ad3bb12604f3c001a3feebd": "", "573406d1d058e614000b6801": "James Wolfe", "573406d1d058e614000b6802": "successfully cut off the French frontier forts further to the west and south.", "573406d1d058e614000b6803": "Battle of Sainte-Foy,", "573406d1d058e614000b6804": "Battle of the Restigouche", "5ad3bb68604f3c001a3feec3": "James Wolfe", "5ad3bb68604f3c001a3feec4": "", "5ad3bb68604f3c001a3feec5": "", "5ad3bb68604f3c001a3feec6": "", "5ad3bb68604f3c001a3feec7": "", "573407d7d058e614000b6813": "Governor Vaudreuil", "573407d7d058e614000b6814": "freedom to continue worshiping in their Roman Catholic tradition, continued ownership of their property, and the right to remain undisturbed in their homes.", "573407d7d058e614000b6815": "General Amherst.", "5ad3bbcc604f3c001a3feecd": "", "5ad3bbcc604f3c001a3feece": "", "5ad3bbcc604f3c001a3feecf": "would be given freedom to continue worshiping in their Roman Catholic tradition, continued ownership of their property, and the right to remain undisturbed in their homes.", "5ad3bbcc604f3c001a3feed0": "", "5ad3bbcc604f3c001a3feed1": "Vaudreuil", "573408ef4776f41900661757": "10 February 1763,", "573408ef4776f41900661758": "15 February 1763.", "573408ef4776f41900661759": "its continental North American possessions east of the Mississippi or the Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique,", "573408ef4776f4190066175a": "France chose to cede the former,", "5ad3bc28604f3c001a3feedf": "", "5ad3bc28604f3c001a3feee0": "", "5ad3bc28604f3c001a3feee1": "", "5ad3bc28604f3c001a3feee2": "", "5ad3bc28604f3c001a3feee3": "", "57340a094776f4190066177d": "80,000", "57340a094776f4190066177e": "1755", "57340a094776f4190066177f": "throughout its North American provinces,", "57340a094776f41900661780": "New Orleans,", "5ad3bce5604f3c001a3feefb": "", "5ad3bce5604f3c001a3feefc": "", "5ad3bce5604f3c001a3feefd": "", "5ad3bce5604f3c001a3feefe": "", "5ad3bce5604f3c001a3feeff": "", "57340b1bd058e614000b6869": "King George III", "57340b1bd058e614000b686a": "outlined the division and administration of the newly conquered territory, and to some extent continues to govern relations between the government of modern Canada and the First Nations.", "57340b1bd058e614000b686b": "lands west of the Appalachian Mountains", "5ad3bd30604f3c001a3fef0f": "", "5ad3bd30604f3c001a3fef10": "", "5ad3bd30604f3c001a3fef11": "", "5ad3bd30604f3c001a3fef12": "", "5ad3bd30604f3c001a3fef13": "", "57340d124776f419006617bf": "", "57340d124776f419006617c0": "construction of military roads", "57340d124776f419006617c1": "1769)", "57340d124776f419006617c2": "Spanish Catholic population", "57340d124776f419006617c3": "Cuba,", "5ad3bd87604f3c001a3fef23": "", "5ad3bd87604f3c001a3fef24": "", "5ad3bd87604f3c001a3fef25": "", "5ad3bd87604f3c001a3fef26": "", "5ad3bd87604f3c001a3fef27": "", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e71": "force", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e72": "fundamental error", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e73": "Sir Isaac Newton.", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e74": "nearly three hundred years.", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e75": "Einstein", "5ad25efad7d075001a428f56": "", "5ad25efad7d075001a428f57": "", "5ad25efad7d075001a428f58": "Galileo Galilei and Sir Isaac Newton.", "5ad25efad7d075001a428f59": "motion and force", "5ad25efad7d075001a428f5a": "Sir Isaac Newton", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7b": "Standard Model", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7c": "gauge bosons", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7d": "strong", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7e": "", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7f": "electroweak interaction.", "5ad25f82d7d075001a428f84": "", "5ad25f82d7d075001a428f85": "", "5ad25f82d7d075001a428f86": "", "5ad25f82d7d075001a428f87": "", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e85": "Aristotle", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e86": "Aristotelian cosmology.", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e87": "four elements", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e88": "on the ground", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e89": "unnatural", "5ad2605dd7d075001a428fc6": "", "5ad2605dd7d075001a428fc7": "", "5ad2605dd7d075001a428fc8": "left alone.", "5ad2605dd7d075001a428fc9": "", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e8f": "17th century", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e90": "Galileo Galilei,", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e91": "", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e92": "Galileo Galilei,", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e93": "", "5ad26103d7d075001a428fec": "", "5ad26103d7d075001a428fed": "", "5ad26103d7d075001a428fee": "", "5ad26103d7d075001a428fef": "Galileo Galilei,", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e99": "Newton's", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9a": "a lack of net force", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9b": "Newton", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9c": "Newton's First Law", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9d": "", "5ad261a4d7d075001a429048": "", "5ad261a4d7d075001a429049": "", "5ad261a4d7d075001a42904a": "Newton's First Law", "5ad261a4d7d075001a42904b": "", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea3": "the laws of physics", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea4": "curving parabolic path", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea5": "at rest", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea6": "Inertia", "5ad26257d7d075001a42909c": "", "5ad26257d7d075001a42909d": "person", "5ad26257d7d075001a42909e": "", "5ad26257d7d075001a42909f": "", "573749741c4567190057445d": "inertia", "573749741c4567190057445e": "rotational inertia", "573749741c4567190057445f": "Albert Einstein", "573749741c45671900574460": "weightlessness", "573749741c45671900574461": "principle of equivalence", "5ad262f7d7d075001a4290d4": "", "5ad262f7d7d075001a4290d5": "", "5ad262f7d7d075001a4290d6": "", "5ad262f7d7d075001a4290d7": "", "573750f51c45671900574467": "Newton's Second Law", "573750f61c45671900574468": "kinematic", "573750f61c45671900574469": "General relativity", "573750f61c4567190057446a": "General relativity", "573750f61c4567190057446b": "", "5ad26382d7d075001a42911a": "", "5ad26382d7d075001a42911b": "", "5ad26382d7d075001a42911c": "", "5ad26382d7d075001a42911d": "", "5737534ec3c5551400e51eab": "Newton's Third Law", "5737534ec3c5551400e51eac": "Newton's Third Law", "5737534ec3c5551400e51ead": "unidirectional", "5737534ec3c5551400e51eae": "F and \u2212F are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.", "5ad26421d7d075001a42913e": "", "5ad26421d7d075001a42913f": "", "5ad26421d7d075001a429140": "the second body exerts a force \u2212F", "573755afc3c5551400e51eb3": "center of mass", "573755afc3c5551400e51eb4": "closed system", "573755afc3c5551400e51eb5": "the mass of the system.:19-1", "5ad266f6d7d075001a4291fe": "", "5ad266f6d7d075001a4291ff": "", "5ad266f6d7d075001a429200": "", "5ad266f6d7d075001a429201": "", "573766251c45671900574471": "an intuitive understanding", "573766251c45671900574472": "", "573766251c45671900574473": "Newtonian mechanics.", "573766251c45671900574474": "experimentation,", "5ad26797d7d075001a429236": "", "5ad26797d7d075001a429237": "", "5ad26797d7d075001a429238": "force", "5ad26797d7d075001a429239": "", "57376828c3c5551400e51eb9": "\"vector quantities\".", "57376828c3c5551400e51eba": "scalar quantities).", "57376828c3c5551400e51ebb": "Associating forces with vectors", "57376828c3c5551400e51ebc": "ambiguous.", "57376828c3c5551400e51ebd": "it is impossible to determine", "5ad26839d7d075001a42925a": "", "5ad26839d7d075001a42925b": "", "5ad26839d7d075001a42925c": "", "5ad26839d7d075001a42925d": "", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec3": "static equilibrium", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec4": "magnitude and direction.", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec5": "the net force),", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec6": "their respective lines of application must also be specified", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec7": "parallelogram", "5ad26925d7d075001a4292c4": "", "5ad26925d7d075001a4292c5": "", "5ad26925d7d075001a4292c6": "", "5ad26925d7d075001a4292c7": "", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecd": "independent components", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ece": "two forces,", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecf": "the original force.", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed0": "Orthogonal components", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed1": "three-dimensional", "5ad269a7d7d075001a4292e0": "", "5ad269a7d7d075001a4292e1": "", "5ad269a7d7d075001a4292e2": "", "5ad269a7d7d075001a4292e3": "", "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed7": "static friction,", "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed8": "static friction,", "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed9": "applied force", "57376df3c3c5551400e51eda": "applied force", "5ad26a5fd7d075001a429318": "", "5ad26a5fd7d075001a429319": "", "5ad26a5fd7d075001a42931a": "", "5ad26a5fd7d075001a42931b": "", "57377083c3c5551400e51edf": "", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee0": "\"spring reaction force\",", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee1": "the object's weight.", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee2": "force of gravity", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee3": "Isaac Newton", "5ad26aedd7d075001a429332": "", "5ad26aedd7d075001a429333": "", "5ad26aedd7d075001a429334": "", "5ad26aedd7d075001a429335": "", "573776eec3c5551400e51ee9": "Galileo", "573776eec3c5551400e51eea": "rest", "573776eec3c5551400e51eeb": "Aristotle's", "573776eec3c5551400e51eec": "behind the foot of the mast of a moving ship.", "573776eec3c5551400e51eed": "at the foot of the mast,", "5ad26c15d7d075001a42937c": "", "5ad26c15d7d075001a42937d": "", "5ad26c15d7d075001a42937e": "", "5ad26c15d7d075001a42937f": "", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef3": "dynamic equilibrium", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef4": "kinetic friction force", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef5": "kinetic friction", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef6": "Aristotle", "5ad27697d7d075001a429518": "", "5ad27697d7d075001a429519": "", "5ad27697d7d075001a42951a": "", "5ad27697d7d075001a42951b": "", "57377aac1c45671900574479": "Schr\u00f6dinger equation", "57377aac1c4567190057447a": "Newtonian equations. This has the consequence that the results of a measurement are now sometimes \"quantized\", i.e. they appear in discrete portions. This is, of course, difficult to imagine in the context of \"forces\". However, the potentials V(x,y,z) or fields, from which the forces generally can be derived, are treated similar to classical position variables, i.e.,", "57377aac1c4567190057447b": "classical position variables,", "57377aac1c4567190057447c": "", "57377aac1c4567190057447d": "", "5ad2772cd7d075001a42953e": "", "5ad2772cd7d075001a42953f": "", "5ad2772cd7d075001a429540": "", "5ad2772cd7d075001a429541": "", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efb": "spin", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efc": "Pauli principle", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efd": "the spin,", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efe": "symmetric", "57377c98c3c5551400e51eff": "", "5ad277d3d7d075001a429546": "", "5ad277d3d7d075001a429547": "", "5ad277d3d7d075001a429548": "", "5ad277d3d7d075001a429549": "", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f05": "mathematical by-product", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f06": "force", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f07": "conservation of momentum", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f08": "Feynman diagrams.", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f09": "straight line", "5ad278c3d7d075001a42957c": "", "5ad278c3d7d075001a42957d": "", "5ad278c3d7d075001a42957e": "", "5ad278c3d7d075001a42957f": "", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f0f": "four", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f10": "The strong and weak forces", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f11": "electromagnetic force", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f12": "masses.", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f13": "Pauli exclusion principle,", "5ad27941d7d075001a4295a8": "", "5ad27941d7d075001a4295a9": "", "5ad27941d7d075001a4295aa": "", "5ad27941d7d075001a4295ab": "", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f19": "Isaac Newton", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1a": "20th", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1b": "unification models", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1c": "self-consistent", "5ad279e5d7d075001a4295c2": "", "5ad279e5d7d075001a4295c3": "", "5ad279e5d7d075001a4295c4": "", "5ad279e5d7d075001a4295c5": "", "573784fa1c45671900574483": "Isaac Newton.", "573784fa1c45671900574484": "Galileo", "573784fa1c45671900574485": "9.81 meters per second squared", "573784fa1c45671900574486": "sea level", "573784fa1c45671900574487": "the force of gravity", "5ad27a80d7d075001a4295fa": "", "5ad27a80d7d075001a4295fb": "", "5ad27a80d7d075001a4295fc": "", "5ad27a80d7d075001a4295fd": "", "573786b51c4567190057448d": "at larger distances.", "573786b51c4567190057448e": "", "573786b51c4567190057448f": "the mass of the attracting body.", "573786b51c45671900574490": "", "5ad27e30d7d075001a429700": "", "5ad27e30d7d075001a429701": "", "5ad27e30d7d075001a429702": "", "5ad27e30d7d075001a429703": "", "57378862c3c5551400e51f21": "a dimensional constant", "57378862c3c5551400e51f22": "Henry Cavendish", "57378862c3c5551400e51f23": "1798", "57378862c3c5551400e51f24": "Newton,", "5ad27f01d7d075001a429742": "", "5ad27f01d7d075001a429743": "", "5ad27f01d7d075001a429744": "", "5ad27f01d7d075001a429745": "", "5737898f1c45671900574495": "Mercury", "5737898f1c45671900574496": "(Vulcan)", "5737898f1c45671900574497": "theory of general relativity", "5737898f1c45671900574498": "Albert Einstein", "5737898f1c45671900574499": "Albert Einstein", "5ad27fb9d7d075001a429782": "", "5ad27fb9d7d075001a429783": "", "5ad27fb9d7d075001a429784": "", "5ad27fb9d7d075001a429785": "", "57378b141c4567190057449f": "general relativity", "57378b141c456719005744a0": "straight line", "57378b141c456719005744a1": "\"gravitational force\".", "57378b141c456719005744a2": "global sense", "5ad28035d7d075001a4297a6": "", "5ad28035d7d075001a4297a7": "", "5ad28035d7d075001a4297a8": "", "5ad28035d7d075001a4297a9": "", "57378c9b1c456719005744a7": "Lorentz's Law", "57378c9b1c456719005744a8": "electric current", "57378c9b1c456719005744a9": "unified electromagnetic force", "57378c9b1c456719005744aa": "", "5ad280d4d7d075001a4297d6": "", "5ad280d4d7d075001a4297d7": "magnetism", "5ad280d4d7d075001a4297d8": "", "5ad280d4d7d075001a4297d9": "", "57378e311c456719005744af": "James Clerk Maxwell", "57378e311c456719005744b0": "", "57378e311c456719005744b1": "20", "57378e311c456719005744b2": "4", "57378e311c456719005744b3": "James Clerk Maxwell", "5ad28173d7d075001a4297fa": "", "5ad28173d7d075001a4297fb": "James Clerk Maxwell", "5ad28173d7d075001a4297fc": "", "5ad28173d7d075001a4297fd": "", "573792ee1c456719005744b9": "electromagnetic theory", "573792ee1c456719005744ba": "quantum mechanics.", "573792ee1c456719005744bb": "quantum electrodynamics", "573792ee1c456719005744bc": "photons.", "573792ee1c456719005744bd": "quantum electrodynamics", "5ad28237d7d075001a429820": "", "5ad28237d7d075001a429821": "", "5ad28237d7d075001a429822": "QED),", "5ad28237d7d075001a429823": "electromagnetism", "5737958b1c456719005744c3": "repulsion of like charges under the influence of the electromagnetic force.", "5737958b1c456719005744c4": "Pauli exclusion principle.[citation", "5737958b1c456719005744c5": "energy", "5737958b1c456719005744c6": "as a structural force,", "5ad283bcd7d075001a42985a": "", "5ad283bcd7d075001a42985b": "", "5ad283bcd7d075001a42985c": "", "5ad283bcd7d075001a42985d": "", "573796edc3c5551400e51f33": "elementary particles.", "573796edc3c5551400e51f34": "residual of the force", "573796edc3c5551400e51f35": "the nuclear force.", "573796edc3c5551400e51f36": "transmitted as gluons,", "573796edc3c5551400e51f37": "color confinement.", "5ad28471d7d075001a429876": "", "5ad28471d7d075001a429877": "", "5ad28471d7d075001a429878": "nuclear force.", "5ad28471d7d075001a429879": "", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3d": "The weak force", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3e": "beta decay", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3f": "radioactivity.", "57379829c3c5551400e51f40": "1013", "57379829c3c5551400e51f41": "", "5ad28597d7d075001a4298ae": "", "5ad28597d7d075001a4298af": "", "5ad28597d7d075001a4298b0": "", "5ad28597d7d075001a4298b1": "", "57379a4b1c456719005744cd": "Pauli repulsion", "57379a4b1c456719005744ce": "Pauli repulsion", "57379a4b1c456719005744cf": "fermionic nature of electrons)", "57379a4b1c456719005744d0": "The normal force,", "5ad28614d7d075001a4298c0": "", "5ad28614d7d075001a4298c1": "", "5ad28614d7d075001a4298c2": "", "5ad28614d7d075001a4298c3": "", "57379ed81c456719005744d5": "ideal strings", "57379ed81c456719005744d6": "ideal pulleys,", "57379ed81c456719005744d7": "action-reaction pairs", "57379ed81c456719005744d8": "conservation of mechanical energy", "57379ed81c456719005744d9": "By connecting the same string multiple times to the same object", "5ad2866ed7d075001a4298e6": "", "5ad2866ed7d075001a4298e7": "", "5ad2866ed7d075001a4298e8": "", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f47": "", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f48": "", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f49": "extended fluids,", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4a": "other parts of an object.", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4b": "extended structure", "5ad286fdd7d075001a429900": "", "5ad286fdd7d075001a429901": "", "5ad286fdd7d075001a429902": "", "5ad286fdd7d075001a429903": "", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f51": "", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f52": "", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f53": "pressure terms", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f54": "", "5ad2877cd7d075001a429912": "", "5ad2877cd7d075001a429913": "", "5ad2877cd7d075001a429914": "", "5ad2877cd7d075001a429915": "", "5737a4511c456719005744df": "", "5737a4511c456719005744e0": "unbalanced torque.", "5737a4511c456719005744e1": "Newton's Second Law of Motion", "5ad28846d7d075001a42992e": "", "5ad28846d7d075001a42992f": "angular velocity", "5ad28846d7d075001a429930": "angular velocity", "5ad28846d7d075001a429931": "Newton's First Law of Motion,", "5737a5931c456719005744e7": "toward the center of the curving path.", "5737a5931c456719005744e8": "perpendicular", "5737a5931c456719005744e9": "the radial (centripetal) force,", "5737a5931c456719005744ea": "radial", "5737a5931c456719005744eb": "the tangential force,", "5ad288e1d7d075001a429970": "", "5ad288e1d7d075001a429971": "", "5ad288e1d7d075001a429972": "", "5ad288e1d7d075001a429973": "", "5737a7351c456719005744f1": "", "5737a7351c456719005744f2": "", "5737a7351c456719005744f3": "net mechanical energy", "5737a7351c456719005744f4": "difference in potential energy", "5737a7351c456719005744f5": "", "5ad2895bd7d075001a429982": "", "5ad2895bd7d075001a429983": "", "5ad2895bd7d075001a429984": "", "5ad2895bd7d075001a429985": "", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f59": "forces", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5a": "macrophysical considerations that yield forces as arising from a macroscopic statistical average of microstates.", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5b": "friction", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5c": "Nonconservative", "5ad289c2d7d075001a42999e": "", "5ad289c2d7d075001a42999f": "", "5ad289c2d7d075001a4299a0": "", "5ad289c2d7d075001a4299a1": "", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f61": "statistical mechanics.", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f62": "macroscopic nonconservative forces", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f63": "", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f64": "the Second law of thermodynamics,", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f65": "nonconservative forces", "5ad28a57d7d075001a4299b0": "", "5ad28a57d7d075001a4299b1": "", "5ad28a57d7d075001a4299b2": "", "5ad28a57d7d075001a4299b3": "", "5737aafd1c456719005744fb": "kilogram-force", "5737aafd1c456719005744fc": "kilopond),", "5737aafd1c456719005744fd": "the metric slug", "5737aafd1c456719005744fe": "", "5737aafd1c456719005744ff": "", "5ad28ad0d7d075001a4299cc": "", "5ad28ad0d7d075001a4299cd": "", "5ad28ad0d7d075001a4299ce": "", "5ad28ad0d7d075001a4299cf": "" }