{ "56ddde6b9a695914005b9628": "France.", "56ddde6b9a695914005b9629": "raiders and pirates", "56ddde6b9a695914005b962a": "Denmark, Iceland and Norway", "56ddde6b9a695914005b962b": "Rollo,", "56ddde6b9a695914005b962c": "10th century", "5ad39d53604f3c001a3fe8d1": "", "5ad39d53604f3c001a3fe8d2": "France.", "5ad39d53604f3c001a3fe8d3": "West Francia.", "5ad39d53604f3c001a3fe8d4": "first half of the 10th century", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad5f": "William the Conqueror,", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad60": "Richard I of Normandy", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad61": "Catholic orthodoxy", "5ad3a266604f3c001a3fea27": "political, cultural and military", "5ad3a266604f3c001a3fea28": "The Normans", "5ad3a266604f3c001a3fea29": "", "5ad3a266604f3c001a3fea2a": "Richard I of Normandy", "5ad3a266604f3c001a3fea2b": "England", "56dde0379a695914005b9636": "Normans/Normanz,", "56dde0379a695914005b9637": "9th century", "5ad3ab70604f3c001a3feb89": "", "5ad3ab70604f3c001a3feb8a": "9th century", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad75": "911", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad76": "King Charles III of West Francia and the famed Viking ruler Rollo,", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad77": "", "5ad3ad61604f3c001a3fec0d": "", "5ad3ad61604f3c001a3fec0e": "", "5ad3ad61604f3c001a3fec0f": "", "5ad3ad61604f3c001a3fec10": "Viking incursions.", "56dde1d966d3e219004dad8d": "", "5ad3ae14604f3c001a3fec39": "880s", "5ad3ae14604f3c001a3fec3a": "Danes, Norwegians, Norse\u2013Gaels, Orkney Vikings, possibly Swedes, and Anglo-Danes", "56dde27d9a695914005b9651": "", "56dde27d9a695914005b9652": "north", "5ad3af11604f3c001a3fec63": "", "5ad3af11604f3c001a3fec64": "", "5ad3af11604f3c001a3fec65": "Catholicism", "56dde2fa66d3e219004dad9b": "fighting horsemen", "5ad3c626604f3c001a3ff011": "", "5ad3c626604f3c001a3ff012": "fighting horsemen", "5ad3c626604f3c001a3ff013": "France and England", "56de0f6a4396321400ee257f": "Seljuk Turks.", "5ad3dbc6604f3c001a3ff3e9": "", "5ad3dbc6604f3c001a3ff3ea": "", "5ad3dbc6604f3c001a3ff3eb": "", "5ad3dbc6604f3c001a3ff3ec": "Sicilian campaign of George Maniaces", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258d": "1050s", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258e": "1060s", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258f": "Alexius Komnenos.", "5ad3de8b604f3c001a3ff467": "Herv\u00e9", "5ad3de8b604f3c001a3ff468": "1050s", "5ad3de8b604f3c001a3ff469": "", "5ad3de8b604f3c001a3ff46a": "1060s", "56de10b44396321400ee2593": "Afranji,", "56de10b44396321400ee2594": "Oursel", "56de10b44396321400ee2595": "", "5ad3e96b604f3c001a3ff689": "Some Normans", "5ad3e96b604f3c001a3ff68a": "", "5ad3e96b604f3c001a3ff68b": "Some Normans", "5ad3e96b604f3c001a3ff68c": "into the upper Euphrates valley in northern Syria.", "56de11154396321400ee25aa": "Norman mercenary", "5ad3ea79604f3c001a3ff6e9": "", "5ad3ea79604f3c001a3ff6ea": "", "5ad3ea79604f3c001a3ff6eb": "", "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bc": "Robert Guiscard,", "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bd": "1085", "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5be": "30,000", "5ad3ed26604f3c001a3ff799": "Robert Guiscard,", "5ad3ed26604f3c001a3ff79a": "Gregory VII", "5ad3ed26604f3c001a3ff79b": "", "5ad3ed26604f3c001a3ff79c": "30,000", "56de15104396321400ee25b7": "Deabolis.", "56de15104396321400ee25b8": "Bohemond,", "56de15104396321400ee25b9": "Deabolis, Gllavenica", "5ad3ee2d604f3c001a3ff7e1": "", "5ad3ee2d604f3c001a3ff7e2": "the Normans under the command of Bohemond, Robert's son, landed in Valona and besieged Dyrrachium using the most sophisticated military equipment of the time, but to no avail. Meanwhile, they occupied Petrela, the citadel of Mili at the banks of the river Deabolis, Gllavenica (Ballsh), Kanina and Jericho. This time, the Albanians sided with the Normans,", "5ad3ee2d604f3c001a3ff7e3": "Bohemond,", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c2": "1185", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c3": "Dyrrachium\u2014one", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c4": "Dyrrachium\u2014one of the most important naval bases of the Adriatic\u2014fell", "5ad3f028604f3c001a3ff823": "", "5ad3f028604f3c001a3ff824": "high Byzantine officials.", "5ad3f028604f3c001a3ff825": "Dyrrachium\u2014one", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c8": "", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c9": "", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5ca": "Normandy", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5cb": "", "5ad3f187604f3c001a3ff86f": "", "5ad3f187604f3c001a3ff870": "1013", "5ad3f187604f3c001a3ff871": "", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d0": "Harthacnut,", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d1": "1041", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d2": "Robert of Jumi\u00e8ges", "5ad3f350604f3c001a3ff8ef": "1041", "5ad3f350604f3c001a3ff8f0": "English cavalry", "5ad3f350604f3c001a3ff8f1": "", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c5": "Battle of Hastings.", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c6": "", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c7": "1066, Duke William II of Normandy conquered England killing King Harold II", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c8": "", "5ad3f4b1604f3c001a3ff951": "1066", "5ad3f4b1604f3c001a3ff952": "", "5ad3f4b1604f3c001a3ff953": "The invading Normans and their descendants", "5ad3f4b1604f3c001a3ff954": "", "56de1728cffd8e1900b4b5d7": "", "5ad3f5b0604f3c001a3ff9ab": "the Norman aristocracy", "5ad3f5b0604f3c001a3ff9ac": "", "5ad3f5b0604f3c001a3ff9ad": "Geoffrey Chaucer.", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5da": "1169", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5db": "Bannow Bay", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5dc": "Irish", "5ad3f6f5604f3c001a3ffa09": "", "5ad3f6f5604f3c001a3ffa0a": "", "5ad3f6f5604f3c001a3ffa0b": "Trim Castle and Dublin Castle.", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e0": "Margaret,", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e1": "Malcolm III of Scotland married Edgar's sister Margaret,", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e2": "1072", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e3": "Duncan", "5ad3f7ac604f3c001a3ffa3b": "Margaret,", "5ad3f7ac604f3c001a3ffa3c": "", "5ad3f7ac604f3c001a3ffa3d": "Duncan", "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6be": "Maud of Scotland),", "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6bf": "Normans and Norman", "5ad3f8d2604f3c001a3ffa8d": "", "5ad3f8d2604f3c001a3ffa8e": "Normans and Norman culture", "56de3d594396321400ee26ca": "Hereford", "56de3d594396321400ee26cb": "the Welsh.", "56de3d594396321400ee26cc": "", "5ad3fb01604f3c001a3ffb35": "", "5ad3fb01604f3c001a3ffb36": "", "56de3dbacffd8e1900b4b6d2": "", "5ad3fb6e604f3c001a3ffb5f": "", "5ad3fb6e604f3c001a3ffb60": "", "56de3e414396321400ee26d8": "1018", "56de3e414396321400ee26d9": "William of Montreuil", "5ad3fc41604f3c001a3ffb8f": "Antioch.", "5ad3fc41604f3c001a3ffb90": "", "5ad3fc41604f3c001a3ffb91": "Roger de Tosny", "5ad3fc41604f3c001a3ffb92": "", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e6": "1097", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e7": "Tancred", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e8": "Jerusalem", "5ad4017a604f3c001a3ffd1f": "1096", "5ad4017a604f3c001a3ffd20": "Tancred", "56de3efccffd8e1900b4b6fe": "380 years", "5ad401f2604f3c001a3ffd41": "", "5ad401f2604f3c001a3ffd42": "Western European", "56de3f784396321400ee26fa": "a storm", "56de3f784396321400ee26fb": "", "56de3f784396321400ee26fc": "1191", "56de3f784396321400ee26fd": "Richard", "5ad40280604f3c001a3ffd57": "", "5ad40280604f3c001a3ffd58": "", "5ad40280604f3c001a3ffd59": "", "56de40da4396321400ee2708": "1 June,", "56de40da4396321400ee2709": "silver", "56de40da4396321400ee270a": "Guy de Lusignan.", "5ad404a6604f3c001a3ffde1": "", "5ad404a6604f3c001a3ffde2": "Guy de Lusignan.", "5ad404a6604f3c001a3ffde3": "Richard.", "56de49564396321400ee277a": "Africa.", "5ad40419604f3c001a3ffdb7": "", "5ad40419604f3c001a3ffdb8": "Lanzarote, Fuerteventura and El Hierro", "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a7": "Bethencourt", "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a8": "Enrique P\u00e9rez de Guzm\u00e1n, 2nd Count de Niebla.", "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a9": "Enrique P\u00e9rez de Guzm\u00e1n, 2nd Count de Niebla.", "5ad403c1604f3c001a3ffd97": "King", "5ad403c1604f3c001a3ffd98": "", "56de4a474396321400ee2786": "legal systems of Jersey and Guernsey in the Channel Islands.", "56de4a474396321400ee2787": "two", "5ad40358604f3c001a3ffd7d": "", "5ad40358604f3c001a3ffd7e": "", "5ad40358604f3c001a3ffd7f": "", "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7bd": "Romanesque", "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7be": "rounded", "5ad402ce604f3c001a3ffd67": "rounded arches", "56de4b074396321400ee2793": "", "56de4b074396321400ee2794": "", "56de4b074396321400ee2795": "", "5ad400b0604f3c001a3ffcdf": "", "5ad400b0604f3c001a3ffce0": "", "5ad400b0604f3c001a3ffce1": "", "56de4b5c4396321400ee2799": "early 11th century", "56de4b5c4396321400ee279a": "the dukes", "5ad3ffd7604f3c001a3ffca7": "", "5ad3ffd7604f3c001a3ffca8": "", "5ad3ffd7604f3c001a3ffca9": "", "5ad3ffd7604f3c001a3ffcaa": "", "56de4bb84396321400ee27a2": "16th century and French Revolution in the 18th", "5ad3ff1b604f3c001a3ffc73": "", "5ad3ff1b604f3c001a3ffc74": "", "56de4c324396321400ee27ab": "embroidery", "56de4c324396321400ee27ac": "Bayeux Tapestry,", "56de4c324396321400ee27ad": "Odo,", "5ad3fe91604f3c001a3ffc47": "", "5ad3fe91604f3c001a3ffc48": "Odo,", "56de51244396321400ee27ef": "mosaics", "5ad3fe0d604f3c001a3ffc1b": "", "5ad3fe0d604f3c001a3ffc1c": "mosaics", "5ad3fe0d604f3c001a3ffc1d": "", "56de51c64396321400ee27f7": "11th", "56de51c64396321400ee27f8": "William of Volpiano and John of Ravenna,", "5ad3fd68604f3c001a3ffbe7": "", "5ad3fd68604f3c001a3ffbe8": "musical production and education", "56de52614396321400ee27fb": "southern Italy,", "56de52614396321400ee27fc": "Latin", "56de52614396321400ee27fd": "Robert Guiscard", "56de52614396321400ee27fe": "singing", "5ad3fccf604f3c001a3ffbb5": "", "56e16182e3433e1400422e28": "Computational complexity theory", "56e16182e3433e1400422e29": "according to their inherent difficulty", "56e16182e3433e1400422e2a": "computational problem", "5ad5316b5b96ef001a10ab72": "amenable to being solved by a computer", "5ad5316b5b96ef001a10ab73": "Computational complexity theory", "5ad5316b5b96ef001a10ab74": "", "5ad5316b5b96ef001a10ab75": "", "5ad5316b5b96ef001a10ab76": "", "56e16839cd28a01900c67887": "complexity measures", "56e16839cd28a01900c67888": "The theory", "56e16839cd28a01900c67889": "time and storage", "56e16839cd28a01900c6788a": "number of gates", "56e16839cd28a01900c6788b": "practical limits on what computers can and cannot do", "5ad532575b96ef001a10ab7c": "", "5ad532575b96ef001a10ab7d": "", "5ad532575b96ef001a10ab7e": "time and storage", "5ad532575b96ef001a10ab7f": "", "5ad532575b96ef001a10ab80": "", "56e17644e3433e1400422f40": "analysis of algorithms and computability theory", "56e17644e3433e1400422f41": "computational complexity theory", "56e17644e3433e1400422f42": "computational complexity theory", "56e17644e3433e1400422f43": "analysis of algorithms and computability theory", "5ad5344b5b96ef001a10ab86": "analysis of algorithms and computability theory", "5ad5344b5b96ef001a10ab87": "", "5ad5344b5b96ef001a10ab88": "computational complexity theory", "5ad5344b5b96ef001a10ab89": "", "5ad5344b5b96ef001a10ab8a": "", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a1": "a problem instance", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a2": "a problem", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a3": "concrete utterance", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a4": "the solution", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a5": "solution", "5ad5364c5b96ef001a10ab90": "", "5ad5364c5b96ef001a10ab91": "problem instance", "5ad5364c5b96ef001a10ab92": "", "5ad5364c5b96ef001a10ab93": "", "5ad5364c5b96ef001a10ab94": "", "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f7f": "2000", "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f80": "", "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f81": "computational problems", "5ad537a15b96ef001a10ab9a": "2000 kilometres", "5ad537a15b96ef001a10ab9b": "", "5ad537a15b96ef001a10ab9c": "", "5ad537a15b96ef001a10ab9d": "", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa0": "instance", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa1": "a string over an alphabet. Usually, the alphabet is taken to be the binary alphabet", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa2": "a string over an alphabet", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa3": "binary notation", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa4": "via their adjacency matrices", "5ad5391e5b96ef001a10aba2": "", "5ad5391e5b96ef001a10aba3": "", "5ad5391e5b96ef001a10aba4": "a string over an alphabet", "5ad5391e5b96ef001a10aba5": "", "5ad5391e5b96ef001a10aba6": "via their adjacency matrices", "56e190bce3433e1400422fc8": "Decision problems", "56e190bce3433e1400422fc9": "yes or no, or alternately either 1 or 0", "56e190bce3433e1400422fca": "", "56e190bce3433e1400422fcb": "", "56e190bce3433e1400422fcc": "", "5ad53b9d5b96ef001a10abc8": "", "5ad53b9d5b96ef001a10abc9": "A decision problem", "5ad53b9d5b96ef001a10abca": "", "5ad53b9d5b96ef001a10abcb": "", "5ad53b9d5b96ef001a10abcc": "", "56e19557e3433e1400422fee": "arbitrary", "56e19557e3433e1400422ff0": "The formal language", "56e19557e3433e1400422ff1": "binary strings", "5ad53d705b96ef001a10abd2": "arbitrary", "5ad53d705b96ef001a10abd3": "", "5ad53d705b96ef001a10abd4": "", "5ad53d705b96ef001a10abd5": "", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f6": "computational problem", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f7": "single", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f8": "", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f9": "integer factorization problem", "56e19724cd28a01900c679fa": "complex", "5ad53e615b96ef001a10abda": "A function problem", "5ad53e615b96ef001a10abdb": "", "5ad53e615b96ef001a10abdc": "", "5ad53e615b96ef001a10abdd": "", "5ad53e615b96ef001a10abde": "complex", "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2e": "decision problems", "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2f": "triples", "5ad53f815b96ef001a10abe4": "", "5ad53f815b96ef001a10abe5": "", "5ad53f815b96ef001a10abe6": "", "56e1a38de3433e140042305c": "the size of the input in bits", "56e1a38de3433e140042305d": "the instance", "56e1a38de3433e140042305e": "as a function of the size of the instance", "56e1a38de3433e140042305f": "bits", "56e1a38de3433e1400423060": "increase in the input size", "5ad541ad5b96ef001a10abea": "", "5ad541ad5b96ef001a10abeb": "", "5ad541ad5b96ef001a10abec": "as a function of the size of the instance", "5ad541ad5b96ef001a10abed": "", "5ad541ad5b96ef001a10abee": "", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a48": "Cobham's", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a49": "the time taken", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4a": "T(n)", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4b": "", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4c": "polynomial time algorithm", "5ad542db5b96ef001a10abf4": "", "5ad542db5b96ef001a10abf5": "Cobham's", "5ad542db5b96ef001a10abf6": "T(n)", "5ad542db5b96ef001a10abf7": "", "5ad542db5b96ef001a10abf8": "polynomial time algorithm", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423094": "A Turing machine", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423095": "an algorithm", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423097": "Turing machine", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423098": "symbols", "5ad543c05b96ef001a10abfe": "", "5ad543c05b96ef001a10abff": "", "5ad543c05b96ef001a10ac00": "", "5ad543c05b96ef001a10ac01": "Turing machine", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a68": "deterministic Turing machine", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a69": "rules", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6a": "randomized algorithms", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6b": "", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6c": "randomized algorithms", "5ad546c75b96ef001a10ac0e": "", "5ad546c75b96ef001a10ac0f": "", "5ad546c75b96ef001a10ac10": "", "5ad546c75b96ef001a10ac11": "", "5ad546c75b96ef001a10ac12": "", "56e1b00ce3433e140042309e": "complexity classes", "56e1b00ce3433e140042309f": "resources (such as time or space) are bounded", "56e1b00ce3433e14004230a1": "deterministic Turing machines, probabilistic Turing machines, non-deterministic Turing machines, quantum Turing machines, symmetric Turing machines and alternating Turing machines.", "5ad545545b96ef001a10ac06": "", "5ad545545b96ef001a10ac07": "resources (such as time or space) are bounded", "5ad545545b96ef001a10ac08": "", "5ad545545b96ef001a10ac09": "", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a72": "random access machines", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a73": "computational power", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a74": "time and memory", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a75": "deterministically", "5ad547945b96ef001a10ac18": "", "5ad547945b96ef001a10ac19": "The time and memory consumption", "5ad547945b96ef001a10ac1a": "time and memory", "5ad547945b96ef001a10ac1b": "", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b0": "non-deterministic", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b1": "", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b2": "mathematical models", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b3": "non-deterministic time", "5ad5489b5b96ef001a10ac2a": "", "5ad5489b5b96ef001a10ac2b": "", "5ad5489b5b96ef001a10ac2c": "", "5ad5489b5b96ef001a10ac2d": "", "5ad5489b5b96ef001a10ac2e": "", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa3": "\"yes\" or \"no", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa4": "their difficulty", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa5": "DTIME(f(n)).", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa6": "time and space", "5ad54a375b96ef001a10ac48": "", "5ad54a375b96ef001a10ac49": "", "5ad54a375b96ef001a10ac4a": "DTIME(f(n)).", "5ad54a375b96ef001a10ac4b": "", "5ad54a375b96ef001a10ac4c": "if there exists a Turing machine operating in time f(n) that solves the problem.", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abc": "complexity", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abd": "computational", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abe": "Blum complexity axioms.", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abf": "computational resource", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67ac0": "decision tree complexity", "5ad54b035b96ef001a10ac52": "", "5ad54b035b96ef001a10ac53": "", "5ad54b035b96ef001a10ac54": "", "5ad54b035b96ef001a10ac55": "", "5ad54b035b96ef001a10ac56": "", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e6": "best, worst and average", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e7": "", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e8": "", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e9": "", "5ad54c2f5b96ef001a10ac5c": "best, worst and average", "5ad54c2f5b96ef001a10ac5d": "best, worst and average case complexity", "5ad54c2f5b96ef001a10ac5e": "", "5ad54c2f5b96ef001a10ac5f": "", "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae0": "quicksort", "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae1": "O(n log n).", "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae2": "O(n2)", "5ad54d625b96ef001a10ac64": "", "5ad54d625b96ef001a10ac65": "", "5ad54d625b96ef001a10ac66": "", "5ad54d625b96ef001a10ac67": "", "5ad54d625b96ef001a10ac68": "", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423104": "the most efficient algorithm solving a given problem", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423105": "algorithms", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423106": "lower bounds", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423107": "upper bound T(n) on the time complexity of a problem, one needs to show only that there is a particular algorithm with running time at most T(n).", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423108": "all possible algorithms", "5ad54e7c5b96ef001a10ac76": "space consumption", "5ad54e7c5b96ef001a10ac77": "", "5ad54e7c5b96ef001a10ac78": "", "5ad54e7c5b96ef001a10ac79": "", "5ad54e7c5b96ef001a10ac7a": "make a statement about all possible algorithms that solve a given problem", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afc": "big O notation,", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afd": "constant factors and smaller terms", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afe": "This makes the bounds independent of the specific details of the computational model used.", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67aff": "constant factors and smaller terms. This makes the bounds independent of the specific details of the computational model", "5ad54f775b96ef001a10ac88": "", "5ad54f775b96ef001a10ac89": "", "5ad54f775b96ef001a10ac8a": "", "5ad54f775b96ef001a10ac8b": "", "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2c": "", "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2d": "", "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2e": "complicated", "5ad5501f5b96ef001a10ac90": "", "5ad5501f5b96ef001a10ac91": "", "5ad5501f5b96ef001a10ac92": "", "5ad5501f5b96ef001a10ac93": "", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423134": "the chosen machine model", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423135": "quadratic time", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423136": "multi-tape Turing machine,", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423137": "Cobham-Edmonds", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423138": "P,", "5ad55ee35b96ef001a10ace4": "", "5ad55ee35b96ef001a10ace5": "", "5ad55ee35b96ef001a10ace6": "", "5ad55ee35b96ef001a10ace7": "", "5ad55ee35b96ef001a10ace8": "", "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423148": "the time or space", "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423149": "bounding the time", "56e1c3e1e3433e140042314a": "complexity classes", "5ad55fe75b96ef001a10ad0c": "", "5ad55fe75b96ef001a10ad0d": "time or space", "5ad55fe75b96ef001a10ad0e": "bounding the time or space", "5ad55fe75b96ef001a10ad0f": "time", "56e1c4fce3433e140042314e": "BPP, ZPP and RP,", "56e1c4fce3433e140042314f": "Boolean", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423150": "probabilistic", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423151": "#P", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423152": "Interactive", "5ad560b85b96ef001a10ad1e": "BPP, ZPP and RP,", "5ad560b85b96ef001a10ad1f": "", "5ad560b85b96ef001a10ad20": "", "5ad560b85b96ef001a10ad21": "", "5ad560b85b96ef001a10ad22": "", "56e1c720e3433e140042316a": "computation time", "56e1c720e3433e140042316b": "strict", "56e1c720e3433e140042316c": "time and space hierarchy theorems", "56e1c720e3433e140042316d": "", "56e1c720e3433e140042316e": "quantitative", "5ad561c85b96ef001a10ad3c": "", "5ad561c85b96ef001a10ad3d": "", "5ad561c85b96ef001a10ad3e": "", "5ad561c85b96ef001a10ad3f": "", "5ad561c85b96ef001a10ad40": "", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b74": "The time and space hierarchy theorems", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b75": "", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b76": "PSPACE.", "5ad562525b96ef001a10ad50": "", "5ad562525b96ef001a10ad51": "", "5ad562525b96ef001a10ad52": "", "5ad562525b96ef001a10ad53": "", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423192": "a reduction", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423193": "", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423194": "no more difficult than Y, and we say that X reduces to Y.", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423195": "Cook reductions, Karp reductions and Levin reductions,", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423196": "", "5ad5632f5b96ef001a10ad6c": "", "5ad5632f5b96ef001a10ad6d": "", "5ad5632f5b96ef001a10ad6e": "", "5ad5632f5b96ef001a10ad6f": "", "5ad5632f5b96ef001a10ad70": "", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bac": "polynomial-time reduction", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bad": "", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bae": "polynomial time", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67baf": "", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bb0": "multiplication", "5ad5648b5b96ef001a10ad94": "", "5ad5648b5b96ef001a10ad95": "", "5ad5648b5b96ef001a10ad96": "", "5ad5648b5b96ef001a10ad97": "", "5ad5648b5b96ef001a10ad98": "", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a4": "", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a5": "", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a6": "", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a8": "NP-hard problems.", "5ad565575b96ef001a10adb2": "", "5ad565575b96ef001a10adb3": "", "5ad565575b96ef001a10adb4": "", "5ad565575b96ef001a10adb5": "NP-hard problems.", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cb": "NP-complete", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cc": "", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cd": "", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231ce": "", "5ad566375b96ef001a10adce": "", "5ad566375b96ef001a10adcf": "", "5ad566375b96ef001a10add0": "", "5ad566375b96ef001a10add1": "", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bca": "P", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcb": "Cobham\u2013Edmonds thesis.", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcc": "", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcd": "vertex cover problem", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bce": "", "5ad567055b96ef001a10adea": "", "5ad567055b96ef001a10adeb": "The complexity class P", "5ad567055b96ef001a10adec": "", "5ad567055b96ef001a10aded": "", "5ad567055b96ef001a10adee": "", "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d5": "more efficient solutions", "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d6": "protein structure prediction", "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d8": "US$1,000,000", "5ad568175b96ef001a10ae10": "", "5ad568175b96ef001a10ae11": "", "5ad568175b96ef001a10ae12": "protein structure prediction", "5ad568175b96ef001a10ae13": "P versus NP", "5ad568175b96ef001a10ae14": "US$1,000,000", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd4": "", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd5": "", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd6": "", "5ad568d35b96ef001a10ae1a": "", "5ad568d35b96ef001a10ae1b": "", "5ad568d35b96ef001a10ae1c": "", "5ad568d35b96ef001a10ae1d": "", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fc": "graph isomorphism problem", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fd": "NP-complete.", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fe": "", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231ff": "second level", "56e1e9dfe3433e1400423200": "Laszlo Babai and Eugene Luks", "5ad569c05b96ef001a10ae36": "", "5ad569c05b96ef001a10ae37": "", "5ad569c05b96ef001a10ae38": "", "5ad569c05b96ef001a10ae39": "", "5ad569c05b96ef001a10ae3a": "", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0a": "integer factorization problem is the computational problem of determining the prime factorization of a given integer", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0b": "k", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0c": "RSA algorithm.", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0e": "general number field sieve", "5ad56aea5b96ef001a10ae48": "determining the prime factorization", "5ad56aea5b96ef001a10ae49": "", "5ad56aea5b96ef001a10ae4a": "integer factorization problem", "5ad56aea5b96ef001a10ae4b": "", "5ad56aea5b96ef001a10ae4c": "", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423210": "", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423211": "P \u2286 NP \u2286 PP \u2286 PSPACE,", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423212": "between P and PSPACE,", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423214": "any of these classes are unequal", "5ad56bcd5b96ef001a10ae62": "", "5ad56bcd5b96ef001a10ae63": "", "5ad56bcd5b96ef001a10ae64": "between P and PSPACE,", "5ad56bcd5b96ef001a10ae65": "", "5ad56bcd5b96ef001a10ae66": "", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321a": "co-NP", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321b": "", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321c": "NP is not equal", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321d": "", "5ad56c6b5b96ef001a10ae6c": "", "5ad56c6b5b96ef001a10ae6d": "", "5ad56c6b5b96ef001a10ae6e": "NP is not equal", "5ad56c6b5b96ef001a10ae6f": "", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423222": "L", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423223": "complexity classes", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423224": "many complexity classes", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423225": "NL and NC,", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423226": "if they are distinct or equal classes", "5ad56d3e5b96ef001a10ae84": "P or equal to P.", "5ad56d3e5b96ef001a10ae85": "", "5ad56d3e5b96ef001a10ae86": "L", "5ad56d3e5b96ef001a10ae87": "", "5ad56d3e5b96ef001a10ae88": "it is not known if they are distinct or equal classes", "56e1fc57e3433e140042322c": "intractable problems", "56e1fc57e3433e140042322f": "polynomial time", "56e1fc57e3433e1400423230": "NP-complete", "5ad56e5c5b96ef001a10ae9e": "intractable problems", "5ad56e5c5b96ef001a10ae9f": "", "5ad56e5c5b96ef001a10aea0": "Cobham\u2013Edmonds thesis", "5ad56e5c5b96ef001a10aea1": "", "5ad56e5c5b96ef001a10aea2": "", "56e1febfe3433e1400423236": "Presburger", "56e1febfe3433e1400423237": "algorithms", "56e1febfe3433e1400423238": "NP-complete knapsack problem", "56e1febfe3433e1400423239": "over a wide range of sizes in less than quadratic time", "56e1febfe3433e140042323a": "Boolean satisfiability problem.", "5ad56ef05b96ef001a10aea8": "Presburger", "5ad56ef05b96ef001a10aea9": "", "5ad56ef05b96ef001a10aeaa": "", "5ad56ef05b96ef001a10aeab": "", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c14": "Turing machines", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c15": "Alan Turing", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c16": "Turing machines", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c17": "1936", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c18": "", "5ad56fe65b96ef001a10aec2": "", "5ad56fe65b96ef001a10aec3": "", "5ad56fe65b96ef001a10aec4": "", "5ad56fe65b96ef001a10aec5": "", "5ad56fe65b96ef001a10aec6": "", "56e202e9e3433e1400423240": "\"On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms\"", "56e202e9e3433e1400423241": "Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns", "56e202e9e3433e1400423242": "1965", "56e202e9e3433e1400423243": "time and space complexity", "56e202e9e3433e1400423244": "1965", "5ad570b25b96ef001a10aedc": "", "5ad570b25b96ef001a10aedd": "Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns", "5ad570b25b96ef001a10aede": "", "5ad570b25b96ef001a10aedf": "time and space complexity", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1e": "John Myhill's", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1f": "1961", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c20": "Hisao Yamada's", "5ad5719f5b96ef001a10aeec": "Boris Trakhtenbrot", "5ad5719f5b96ef001a10aeed": "", "5ad5719f5b96ef001a10aeee": "1961", "5ad5719f5b96ef001a10aeef": "", "5ad5719f5b96ef001a10aef0": "", "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c24": "input encoding", "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c25": "", "5ad53ac65b96ef001a10abac": "", "5ad53ac65b96ef001a10abad": "input encoding", "5ad53ac65b96ef001a10abae": "", "5ad53ac65b96ef001a10abaf": "", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324a": "Manuel Blum", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324b": "speed-up theorem", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324d": "\"Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems\",", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324e": "21", "5ad572b15b96ef001a10af06": "", "5ad572b15b96ef001a10af07": "", "5ad572b15b96ef001a10af08": "", "5ad572b15b96ef001a10af09": "", "5ad572b15b96ef001a10af0a": "", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d4": "SoCal,", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d5": "10", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d6": "economic center", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d7": "demographics and economic", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d8": "", "5ad0178577cf76001a68698a": "", "5ad0178577cf76001a68698b": "", "5ad0178577cf76001a68698c": "", "5705e33f52bb89140068964c": "Southern California Megaregion,", "5705e33f52bb89140068964d": "11", "5705e33f52bb89140068964e": "Las Vegas, Nevada, and south across the Mexican border into Tijuana.", "5705e33f52bb89140068964f": "Mexican", "5705e33f52bb891400689650": "Tijuana.", "5ad0185a77cf76001a6869b8": "", "5ad0185a77cf76001a6869b9": "", "5ad0185a77cf76001a6869ba": "11 megaregions", "5705e3f252bb89140068966a": "Pacific", "5705e3f252bb89140068966b": "seven", "5705e3f252bb89140068966c": "12 million", "5705e3f252bb89140068966d": "", "5705e3f252bb89140068966e": "17.5 million", "5ad01a6277cf76001a686a0c": "60", "5ad01a6277cf76001a686a0d": "", "5ad01a6277cf76001a686a0e": "", "5ad01a6277cf76001a686a0f": "", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7704": "Colorado Desert", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7705": "Mojave Desert", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7706": "Mojave Desert", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7707": "Mexico\u2013United States", "5ad01c8877cf76001a686a64": "", "5ad01c8877cf76001a686a65": "", "5ad01c8877cf76001a686a66": "south", "5705e63175f01819005e7720": "southern California", "5705e63175f01819005e7721": "3,792,621", "5705e63175f01819005e7722": "Los Angeles", "5705e63175f01819005e7723": "San Diego,", "5705e63175f01819005e7724": "southern California are two major cities, Los Angeles and San Diego, as well as three of the country's largest metropolitan areas. With a population of 3,792,621, Los Angeles is the most populous city in California and the second most populous in the United States. To the south", "5ad01e4677cf76001a686aa6": "Los Angeles and San Diego,", "5ad01e4677cf76001a686aa7": "", "5ad01e4677cf76001a686aa8": "", "5ad01e4677cf76001a686aa9": "", "5705e99452bb891400689688": "", "5705e99452bb891400689689": "United States.", "5705e99452bb89140068968a": "five most populous", "5705e99452bb89140068968b": "", "5705e99452bb89140068968c": "", "5ad01f0f77cf76001a686ac2": "Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside", "5ad01f0f77cf76001a686ac3": "15", "5ad01f0f77cf76001a686ac4": "United States.", "5705eb3375f01819005e7764": "Hollywood,", "5705eb3375f01819005e7765": "Los Angeles,", "5705eb3375f01819005e7766": "The Walt Disney Company", "5705eb3375f01819005e7767": "music", "5705eb3375f01819005e7768": "Sony", "5ad0206677cf76001a686afa": "The Walt Disney Company", "5ad0206677cf76001a686afb": "", "5ad0206677cf76001a686afc": "", "5ad0206677cf76001a686afd": "", "5705ec1675f01819005e776e": "skateboard", "5705ec1675f01819005e776f": "Tony Hawk, professional surfers Rob Machado, Tim Curran, Bobby Martinez, Pat O'Connell, Dane Reynolds, and Chris Ward, and professional snowboarder Shaun White", "5705ec1675f01819005e7770": "Shaun White", "5705ec1675f01819005e7771": "Oahu", "5705ec1675f01819005e7772": "", "5ad0220a77cf76001a686b2a": "", "5ad0220a77cf76001a686b2b": "", "5ad0220a77cf76001a686b2c": "southern California.", "5ad0220a77cf76001a686b2d": "Oahu", "5ad0220a77cf76001a686b2e": "", "5705eccb52bb8914006896b8": "Palm Springs", "5705eccb52bb8914006896b9": "for its popular beaches", "5705eccb52bb8914006896ba": "southern", "5705eccb52bb8914006896bb": "open spaces", "5ad0228a77cf76001a686b58": "Many locals and tourists", "5ad0228a77cf76001a686b59": "resort feel and nearby open spaces", "5ad0228a77cf76001a686b5a": "", "5705edcd52bb8914006896ca": "37\u00b0 9' 58.23\"", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cb": "11", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cc": "ten", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cd": "Point Conception and the Tehachapi Mountains", "5705edcd52bb8914006896ce": "northern", "5ad0297e77cf76001a686c3a": "", "5ad0297e77cf76001a686c3b": "", "5ad0297e77cf76001a686c3c": "", "5ad0297e77cf76001a686c3d": "southern California", "5705eee952bb8914006896de": "Mexico", "5705eee952bb8914006896df": "Alta California.", "5705eee952bb8914006896e0": "Californios of Monterey", "5705eee952bb8914006896e1": "Compromise", "5705eee952bb8914006896e2": "free state", "5ad02cde77cf76001a686cc6": "California,", "5ad02cde77cf76001a686cc7": "", "5ad02cde77cf76001a686cc8": "", "5ad02cde77cf76001a686cc9": "", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a4": "inequitable taxes", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a5": "\"Cow Counties\"", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a6": "three", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a7": "75%", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a8": "Senator Milton Latham.", "5ad02e5d77cf76001a686d3a": "", "5ad02e5d77cf76001a686d3b": "", "5ad02e5d77cf76001a686d3c": "", "5ad02e5d77cf76001a686d3d": "Abraham Lincoln", "5ad02e5d77cf76001a686d3e": "", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f0": "Los Angeles Times", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f1": "1900", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f2": "", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f3": "1999", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f4": "seven", "5ad02ee077cf76001a686d58": "", "5ad02ee077cf76001a686d59": "", "5ad02ee077cf76001a686d5a": "", "5705f36452bb891400689718": "regional tourism groups", "5705f36452bb891400689719": "California State Automobile Association and the Automobile Club of Southern California,", "5705f36452bb89140068971a": "three-region", "5705f36452bb89140068971b": "South of the Tehachapis,", "5705f36452bb89140068971c": "southern California region", "5ad02ff177cf76001a686da2": "", "5ad02ff177cf76001a686da3": "", "5ad02ff177cf76001a686da4": "geographical", "5ad02ff177cf76001a686da5": "", "5705f7c875f01819005e77dc": "third", "5705f7c875f01819005e77dd": "vast areas", "5705f7c875f01819005e77de": "use of automobiles and highways", "5705f7c875f01819005e77df": "highways", "5705f7c875f01819005e77e0": "international metropolitan region in the form of San Diego\u2013Tijuana,", "5ad0316a77cf76001a686de4": "Great Lakes Megalopolis", "5ad0316a77cf76001a686de5": "Los Angeles, Orange County, San Diego, and Riverside-San Bernardino,", "5ad0316a77cf76001a686de6": "San Diego\u2013Tijuana,", "5705fb7f52bb891400689750": "Camp Pendleton.", "5705fb7f52bb891400689751": "San Diego metropolitan area as they do with the Inland Empire.", "5705fb7f52bb891400689752": "United States Census Bureau", "5705fb7f52bb891400689753": "L.A. and Orange Counties,", "5705fb7f52bb891400689754": "1990s", "5ad0331877cf76001a686e16": "", "5ad0331877cf76001a686e17": "L.A. and Orange Counties,", "5ad0331877cf76001a686e18": "", "5ad0331877cf76001a686e19": "", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976a": "Mediterranean", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976b": "infrequent rain", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976c": "", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976d": "very rare", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976e": "90-60's", "5ad0381a77cf76001a686e30": "Mediterranean", "5ad0381a77cf76001a686e31": "", "5ad0381a77cf76001a686e32": "", "5ad0381a77cf76001a686e33": "", "5705fd8475f01819005e7840": "Southern California consists of one of the more varied", "5705fd8475f01819005e7841": "Pacific Ocean", "5705fd8475f01819005e7842": "", "5705fd8475f01819005e7843": "Transverse and Peninsular Ranges", "5705fd8475f01819005e7844": "", "5ad0394877cf76001a686e56": "geologic, topographic, and natural ecosystem landscapes", "5ad0394877cf76001a686e57": "", "5ad0394877cf76001a686e58": "", "5ad0394877cf76001a686e59": "Southern California", "5705fec152bb89140068977a": "10,000", "5705fec152bb89140068977b": "10,000", "5705fec152bb89140068977c": "6.7", "5705fec152bb89140068977d": "property damage", "5705fec152bb89140068977e": "over $20 billion", "5ad03c7377cf76001a686ebc": "1994", "5ad03c7377cf76001a686ebd": "", "5ad03c7377cf76001a686ebe": "10,000", "5ad03c7377cf76001a686ebf": "15\u201320", "5705ffde52bb891400689784": "San Andreas Fault,", "5705ffde52bb891400689785": "6.7+", "5705ffde52bb891400689786": "Other faults include the San Jacinto Fault, the Puente Hills Fault, and the Elsinore Fault Zone.", "5705ffde52bb891400689787": "The USGS", "5705ffde52bb891400689788": "California Earthquake", "5ad03d2277cf76001a686ecc": "", "5ad03d2277cf76001a686ecd": "", "5ad03d2277cf76001a686ece": "", "5ad03d2277cf76001a686ecf": "Earthquake occurrence in California.", "570602fa52bb89140068979e": "economically", "570602fa52bb89140068979f": "global", "570602fa52bb8914006897a0": "economic", "5ad0410977cf76001a686efe": "a city", "5ad0410977cf76001a686eff": "", "5ad0410977cf76001a686f00": "culturally, politically, and economically into distinctive regions", "570603c475f01819005e7882": "2010", "570603c475f01819005e7883": "high growth rates", "570603c475f01819005e7884": "10.0%", "570603c475f01819005e7885": "tech-oriented", "570603c475f01819005e7886": "", "5ad0421177cf76001a686f14": "", "5ad0421177cf76001a686f15": "", "5ad0421177cf76001a686f16": "", "5ad0421177cf76001a686f17": "", "5706074552bb8914006897d4": "Metropolitan Statistical Areas,", "5706074552bb8914006897d5": "two", "5706074552bb8914006897d6": "five million", "5706074552bb8914006897d7": "Southern Border Region.", "5706074552bb8914006897d8": "17,786,419", "5ad042cf77cf76001a686f24": "", "5ad042cf77cf76001a686f25": "", "5ad042cf77cf76001a686f26": "", "5ad042cf77cf76001a686f27": "", "5ad042cf77cf76001a686f28": "", "570607f575f01819005e78b4": "Los Angeles", "570607f575f01819005e78b5": "", "570607f575f01819005e78b6": "twelve", "570607f575f01819005e78b7": "100,000", "570607f575f01819005e78b8": "San Bernardino and Riverside.", "5ad0440877cf76001a686f3e": "", "5ad0440877cf76001a686f3f": "southern California", "5ad0440877cf76001a686f40": "", "5ad0440877cf76001a686f41": "", "5ad0440877cf76001a686f42": "", "5706094b52bb8914006897de": "petroleum", "5706094b52bb8914006897df": "Hollywood", "5706094b52bb8914006897e0": "housing bubble", "5706094b52bb8914006897e1": "diverse", "5706094b52bb8914006897e2": "heavily impacted", "5ad044f077cf76001a686f58": "Southern California's", "5ad044f077cf76001a686f59": "", 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"5a2c31abbfd06b001a5aea35": "", "5a2c31abbfd06b001a5aea36": "", "570966e0200fba1400367f4f": "", "570966e0200fba1400367f50": "Dolby Digital", "570966e0200fba1400367f51": "MPEG-4", "570966e0200fba1400367f52": "OpenTV", "570966e0200fba1400367f53": "DVB-S2", "5a2c382dbfd06b001a5aea71": "", "5a2c382dbfd06b001a5aea72": "", "5a2c382dbfd06b001a5aea73": "", "5a2c382dbfd06b001a5aea74": "Dolby Digital", "570967c4ed30961900e840ba": "1998", "570967c4ed30961900e840bb": "", "570967c4ed30961900e840bc": "", "570967c4ed30961900e840bd": "hundreds", "570967c4ed30961900e840be": "", "5a2c3595bfd06b001a5aea5f": "", "5a2c3595bfd06b001a5aea60": "", "5a2c3595bfd06b001a5aea61": "", "5a2c3595bfd06b001a5aea62": "", "5709686c200fba1400367f77": "22 May 2006.", "5709686c200fba1400367f78": "40,000", "5709686c200fba1400367f79": "Thomson.", "5709686c200fba1400367f7a": "17,000", "5709686c200fba1400367f7b": "4,222,000", "5a2c30dabfd06b001a5aea29": "", "5a2c30dabfd06b001a5aea2a": "", "5a2c30dabfd06b001a5aea2b": "", "5a2c30dabfd06b001a5aea2c": "", "5a2c30dabfd06b001a5aea2d": "", "57096b66200fba1400367fa7": "8 February 2007,", "57096b66200fba1400367fa8": "", "57096b66200fba1400367fa9": "", "57096b66200fba1400367faa": "Virgin Media.", "57096b66200fba1400367fab": "English Premier League Football),", "5a2c1622bfd06b001a5ae9dd": "8 February 2007,", "5a2c1622bfd06b001a5ae9de": "", "5a2c1622bfd06b001a5ae9df": "", "5a2c1622bfd06b001a5ae9e0": "", "5a2c1622bfd06b001a5ae9e1": "", "57096c95200fba1400367fbb": "", "57096c95200fba1400367fbc": "", "57096c95200fba1400367fbd": "VideoGuard UK", "57096c95200fba1400367fbe": "LNB", "57096c95200fba1400367fbf": "Sky", "5a2c36c4bfd06b001a5aea67": "", "5a2c36c4bfd06b001a5aea68": "", "5a2c36c4bfd06b001a5aea69": "", "5a2c36c4bfd06b001a5aea6a": "", "5a2c36c4bfd06b001a5aea6b": "", "57096e1ced30961900e84102": "autumn of 1991", "57096e1ced30961900e84103": "ITV", "57096e1ced30961900e84104": "\u00a334m per year", "57096e1ced30961900e84105": "The BBC", "57096e1ced30961900e84106": "\u00a3304m", "5a2c0a5abfd06b001a5ae993": "", "5a2c0a5abfd06b001a5ae994": "", "5a2c0a5abfd06b001a5ae995": "", "5a2c0a5abfd06b001a5ae996": "", "57096f37200fba1400367fe5": "", "57096f37200fba1400367fe6": "\u00a315\u2013100,000", "57096f37200fba1400367fe7": "", "57096f37200fba1400367fe8": "", "57096f37200fba1400367fe9": "", "5a2c3ca9bfd06b001a5aea83": "", "5a2c3ca9bfd06b001a5aea84": "", "5a2c3ca9bfd06b001a5aea85": "", "5a2c3ca9bfd06b001a5aea86": "", "57097051ed30961900e84132": "1 October 1998", "57097051ed30961900e84133": "Sky Digital,", "57097051ed30961900e84134": "Open....", "57097051ed30961900e84135": "ONdigital", "57097051ed30961900e84136": "over 100,000", "5a2c0fb8bfd06b001a5ae9b9": "", "5a2c0fb8bfd06b001a5ae9ba": "", "5a2c0fb8bfd06b001a5ae9bb": "", "5a2c0fb8bfd06b001a5ae9bc": "", "57097141200fba1400367ff9": "2007", "57097141200fba1400367ffa": "NTL:Telewest)", "57097141200fba1400367ffb": "Video On Demand service", "57097141200fba1400367ffc": "BBC HD,", "57097141200fba1400367ffd": "Channel 4 HD", "5a2c3d73bfd06b001a5aea8b": "2007", "5a2c3d73bfd06b001a5aea8c": "", "5a2c3d73bfd06b001a5aea8d": "BBC HD,", "5a2c3d73bfd06b001a5aea8e": "", "57097b50200fba140036804d": "10 million", "57097b50200fba140036804e": "more than 25m people", "57097b50200fba140036804f": "August 2004,", "57097b50200fba1400368050": "36%", "57097b50200fba1400368051": "", "5a2c116ebfd06b001a5ae9c1": "", "5a2c116ebfd06b001a5ae9c2": "", "5a2c116ebfd06b001a5ae9c3": "", "5a2c116ebfd06b001a5ae9c4": "", "57097c8fed30961900e841f2": "a \"Welfare Cash Card\",", "57097c8fed30961900e841f3": "only \"essentials", "57097c8fed30961900e841f4": "often damaging", "57097c8fed30961900e841f5": "claimants' \"Sky TV bills", "57097c8fed30961900e841f6": "betray a man's presence in the household", "5a2c1397bfd06b001a5ae9c9": "", "5a2c1397bfd06b001a5ae9ca": "", "5a2c1397bfd06b001a5ae9cb": "often damaging", "5a2c1397bfd06b001a5ae9cc": "a man's presence in the household", "5a2c1397bfd06b001a5ae9cd": "", "57097d63ed30961900e841fc": "\u00a330m", "57097d63ed30961900e841fd": "", "57097d63ed30961900e841fe": "", "57097d63ed30961900e841ff": "", "57097d63ed30961900e84200": "", "5a2c40b8bfd06b001a5aea9d": "", "5a2c40b8bfd06b001a5aea9e": "", "5a2c40b8bfd06b001a5aea9f": "", "5a2c40b8bfd06b001a5aeaa0": "", "5a2c40b8bfd06b001a5aeaa1": "BSkyB.", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3d": "highly diversified", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3e": "second", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3f": "fourth", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c40": "Melbourne", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c41": "The Melbourne Cricket Ground", "5a6374de68151a001a9222e6": "", "5a6374de68151a001a9222e7": "second", "5a6374de68151a001a9222e8": "gross state product", "5a6374de68151a001a9222e9": "", "5a6374de68151a001a9222ea": "eight", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c47": "their legacy is particularly strong in Bendigo and its environs.", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c48": "New South Wales.", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c49": "Buckland Valley near Bright", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4a": "1,000", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4b": "cramped and unsanitary", "5a637a8868151a001a922304": "Bendigo and its environs.", "5a637a8868151a001a922305": "New South Wales.", "5a637a8868151a001a922306": "Buckland Valley near Bright", "5a637a8868151a001a922307": "over 1,000", "5a637a8868151a001a922308": "Conditions on the gold fields were cramped and unsanitary;", "570d26efb3d812140066d48f": "multi-member proportional representation system", "570d26efb3d812140066d490": "eight", "570d26efb3d812140066d491": "five", "570d26efb3d812140066d492": "four years", "570d26efb3d812140066d493": "every four years", "5a637f8768151a001a922318": "44", "5a637f8768151a001a922319": "five", "5a637f8768151a001a92231b": "every four years", "5a637f8768151a001a92231c": "November", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a3": "Labor", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a4": "Labor", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a5": "", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a6": "The Greens,", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a7": "", "5a63866968151a001a922336": "", "5a63866968151a001a922337": "", "5a63866968151a001a922338": "The Greens,", "5a63866968151a001a922339": "The Greens,", "5a63866968151a001a92233a": "", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bd": "61.1%", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4be": "45,150", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bf": "Buddhism", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c0": "45,150", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c1": "168,637 members as of the most recent census. Victoria is also home of 152,775 Muslims and 45,150 Jews. Hinduism is the fastest growing religion. Around 20%", "5a63888168151a001a922340": "61.1%", "5a63888168151a001a922341": "45,150", "5a63888168151a001a922342": "", "5a63888168151a001a922343": "", "5a63888168151a001a922344": "45,150", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c93": "south-east", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c94": "second-most populous", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c95": "second-most populous", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c96": "Melbourne,", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c97": "", "5a636c5a68151a001a9222c8": "south-east", "5a636c5a68151a001a9222c9": "second-most populous", "5a636c5a68151a001a9222ca": "second-most populous", "5a636c5a68151a001a9222cb": "Melbourne,", "5a636c5a68151a001a9222cc": "", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca7": "Koori.", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca8": "1788", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca9": "1803", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45caa": "Sullivan Bay,", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45cab": "Sullivan Bay,", "5a636ede68151a001a9222d2": "Koori.", "5a636ede68151a001a9222d3": "", "5a636ede68151a001a9222d4": "1803", "5a636ede68151a001a9222d5": "Sullivan Bay,", "5a636ede68151a001a9222d6": "1927", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbb": "26,000 square kilometres", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbc": "", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbd": "6,000 square kilometres", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbe": "", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbf": "270,000", "5a638d2768151a001a92236e": "", "5a638d2768151a001a92236f": "", "5a638d2768151a001a922370": "", "5a638d2768151a001a922371": "", "5a638d2768151a001a922372": "", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45ccf": "1975", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd0": "1855 colonial constitution", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd1": "Parliament of Victoria,", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd2": "\"entrenched\"", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd3": "Victoria Constitution Act 1855,", "5a63835a68151a001a92232c": "", "5a63835a68151a001a92232d": "", "5a63835a68151a001a92232e": "Parliament of Victoria,", "5a63835a68151a001a92232f": "\"entrenched\"", "5a63835a68151a001a922330": "Parliament of Victoria,", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce3": "warmest regions", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce4": "32 \u00b0C (90 \u00b0F)", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce5": "The Mallee and upper Wimmera", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce6": "48.8 \u00b0C", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce7": "2009 southeastern Australia", "5a6395e668151a001a9223a0": "warm", "5a6395e668151a001a9223a1": "15 \u00b0C (59 \u00b0F)", "5a6395e668151a001a9223a2": "32 \u00b0C (90 \u00b0F)", "5a6395e668151a001a9223a3": "48.8 \u00b0C", "5a6395e668151a001a9223a4": "2009 southeastern Australia", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d01": "independent schools similar to British public schools. Independent schools are usually affiliated with Protestant churches. Victoria also has several private Jewish and Islamic primary and secondary schools.", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d02": "Victoria Department of Education", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d03": "tuition fees", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d04": "", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d05": "curriculum standards", "5a638a2468151a001a92234a": "", "5a638a2468151a001a92234b": "", "5a638a2468151a001a92234c": "", "5a638a2468151a001a92234d": "Victoria Department of Education", "5a638a2468151a001a92234e": "", "570d3468b3d812140066d543": "", "570d3468b3d812140066d544": "October 2016).", "570d3468b3d812140066d545": "October 2016).", "570d3468b3d812140066d546": "October 2016).", "570d3468b3d812140066d547": "Ford, Toyota and Holden;", "5a638ffe68151a001a922382": "", "5a638ffe68151a001a922383": "", "5a638ffe68151a001a922384": "", "5a638ffe68151a001a922385": "", "5a638ffe68151a001a922386": "Ford, Toyota and Holden;", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54d": "2,000 m (6,600 ft)", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54e": "Mount Bogong", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54f": "1,986 m", "570d35b7b3d812140066d550": "", "570d35b7b3d812140066d551": "helmeted honeyeater", "5a6394b768151a001a922396": "2,000 m (6,600 ft)", "5a6394b768151a001a922397": "", "5a6394b768151a001a922398": "1,986 m", "5a6394b768151a001a922399": "Leadbeater's possum", "5a6394b768151a001a92239a": "pink heath", "570d391fb3d812140066d575": "The Victorian Alps", "570d391fb3d812140066d576": "Great Dividing Range", "570d391fb3d812140066d577": "east-west", "570d391fb3d812140066d578": "below 0 \u00b0C (32 \u00b0F)", "570d391fb3d812140066d579": "\u221211.7 \u00b0C", "5a63969068151a001a9223aa": "", "5a63969068151a001a9223ab": "Great Dividing Range", "5a63969068151a001a9223ac": "east-west", "5a63969068151a001a9223ad": "less than 9 \u00b0C (48 \u00b0F)", "5a63969068151a001a9223ae": "", "570d4030fed7b91900d45d9f": "Victorian Government,", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da0": "The Overland Melbourne\u2014Adelaide;", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da1": "Victorian Government,", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da2": "freight services", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da3": "electrified", "5a63981168151a001a9223b4": "Victorian Government,", "5a63981168151a001a9223b5": "Metro Trains Melbourne", "5a63981168151a001a9223b6": "", "5a63981168151a001a9223b7": "Pacific National, CFCL Australia", "5a63981168151a001a9223b8": "", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbd": "37", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbe": "37", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbf": "Legislative Assembly", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc0": "Legislative Council", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc1": "Daniel Andrews", "5a63730568151a001a9222dc": "37", "5a63730568151a001a9222dd": "37", "5a63730568151a001a9222de": "Legislative Assembly", "5a63730568151a001a9222df": "Legislative Council", "5a63730568151a001a9222e0": "Daniel Andrews", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd7": "1 July 1851,", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd8": "1851", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd9": "one of the largest gold rushes", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dda": "sevenfold", "570d4329fed7b91900d45ddb": "20 million ounces", "5a63787868151a001a9222fa": "1 July 1851,", "5a63787868151a001a9222fb": "1851", "5a63787868151a001a9222fc": "one of the largest gold rushes", "5a63787868151a001a9222fd": "sevenfold", "5a63787868151a001a9222fe": "20 million ounces", "570d44abb3d812140066d5fd": "1,548", "570d44abb3d812140066d5fe": "489", "570d44abb3d812140066d5ff": "540,800", "570d44abb3d812140066d600": "63,519", "570d44abb3d812140066d601": "61 per cent", "5a638b3668151a001a92235a": "489", "5a638b3668151a001a92235b": "", "5a638b3668151a001a92235c": "", "5a638b3668151a001a92235d": "63,519", "5a638b3668151a001a92235e": "61 per cent", "570d4606b3d812140066d619": "Victoria", "570d4606b3d812140066d61a": "3 million", "570d4606b3d812140066d61b": "60%", "570d4606b3d812140066d61c": "two-thirds", "570d4606b3d812140066d61d": "Asia.", "5a638e4468151a001a922378": "", "5a638e4468151a001a922379": "3 million", "5a638e4468151a001a92237a": "60%", "5a638e4468151a001a92237b": "", "5a638e4468151a001a92237c": "", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62d": "1,600 mm", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62e": "1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1\u20442 in) standard gauge", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62f": "", "570d47b8b3d812140066d630": "mountainous areas", "570d47b8b3d812140066d631": "five", "5a6398fd7f3c80001a150aef": "1,600 mm", "5a6398fd7f3c80001a150af0": "", "5a6398fd7f3c80001a150af1": "", "5a6398fd7f3c80001a150af2": "", "5a6398fd7f3c80001a150af3": "", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e13": "1788", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e14": "New South Wales", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e15": "New Holland,", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e16": "Sydney.", "5a63772268151a001a9222f0": "", "5a63772268151a001a9222f2": "New Holland,", "5a63772268151a001a9222f3": "", "5a63772268151a001a9222f4": "Captain Daniel Woodriff,", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e31": "1854", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e32": "\"Eureka Stockade\").", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e33": "British troops,", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e34": "mining licence fees", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e35": "Colony of Victoria Act 1855.", "5a637c6268151a001a92230e": "1854", "5a637c6268151a001a92230f": "British", "5a637c6268151a001a922310": "mining licence fees", "5a637c6268151a001a922311": "members of the Victorian Parliament.", "5a637c6268151a001a922312": "miners", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66d": "", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66e": "The Premier", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66f": "", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d670": "Daniel Andrews.", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d671": "either house of parliament", "5a6381d868151a001a922322": "", "5a6381d868151a001a922323": "", "5a6381d868151a001a922324": "", "5a6381d868151a001a922325": "", "5a6381d868151a001a922326": "", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7d": "17%", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7e": "17%", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7f": "32,463", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e80": "136,000 square kilometres", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e81": "60%", "5a638bf768151a001a922364": "", "5a638bf768151a001a922365": "", "5a638bf768151a001a922366": "", "5a638bf768151a001a922367": "", "5a638bf768151a001a922368": "A quarter", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bb": "tourism", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bc": "sports tourism. Most of these events are centred on Melbourne, but others occur in regional cities, such as the V8 Supercars and Australian Motorcycle Grand Prix at Phillip Island, the Grand Annual Steeplechase at Warrnambool and the Australian International Airshow at Geelong and numerous local festivals such as the popular Port Fairy Folk Festival, Queenscliff Music Festival, Bells Beach SurfClassic and the Bright Autumn Festival.", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bd": "Melbourne,", "570d529fb3d812140066d6be": "regional cities", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bf": "V8 Supercars and Australian Motorcycle Grand Prix", "5a6391c268151a001a92238c": "", "5a6391c268151a001a92238d": "", "5a6391c268151a001a92238e": "", "5a6391c268151a001a92238f": "", "5a6391c268151a001a922390": "V8 Supercars and Australian Motorcycle Grand Prix", "57105da9a58dae1900cd699e": "southern and central parts of France,", "57105da9a58dae1900cd699f": "two million", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a0": "1562", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a1": "Edict of Nantes,", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a2": "granted the Huguenots substantial religious, political and military autonomy.", "5ad23fded7d075001a4288fc": "", "5ad23fded7d075001a4288fd": "southern and central parts", "5ad23fded7d075001a4288fe": "", "5ad23fded7d075001a4288ff": "", "5ad23fded7d075001a428900": "", "57106185b654c5140001f8db": "derision", "57106185b654c5140001f8dc": "Besan\u00e7on Hugues", "57106185b654c5140001f8dd": "Geneva", "57106185b654c5140001f8de": "", "57106185b654c5140001f8df": "1560", "5ad241c7d7d075001a428978": "", "5ad241c7d7d075001a428979": "\"a citizen of one of the states of the Swiss Confederacy\").", "5ad241c7d7d075001a42897a": "Geneva", "5ad241c7d7d075001a42897b": "Swiss", "5ad241c7d7d075001a42897c": "", "57106644b654c5140001f8e5": "", "57106644b654c5140001f8e6": "1294", "57106644b654c5140001f8e7": "Guyard de Moulin.", "57106644b654c5140001f8e8": "1487", "57106644b654c5140001f8e9": "Paris", "5ad243abd7d075001a428a10": "", "5ad243abd7d075001a428a11": "France.", "5ad243abd7d075001a428a12": "", "5ad243abd7d075001a428a13": "", "5ad243abd7d075001a428a14": "Roman Catholic", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8ef": "\"villes de s\u00fbret\u00e9\"", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f0": "Montpellier", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f1": "1622", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f2": "Edict of Al\u00e8s", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f3": "1598", "5ad24a2ad7d075001a428bb8": "Protestant rule was dead", "5ad24a2ad7d075001a428bb9": "", "5ad24a2ad7d075001a428bba": "", "5ad24a2ad7d075001a428bbb": "1629", "5ad24a2ad7d075001a428bbc": "", "571077ecb654c5140001f909": "Cape of Good Hope", "571077ecb654c5140001f90a": "Cape Town.", "571077ecb654c5140001f90b": "Maria de la Queillerie,", "571077ecb654c5140001f90c": "", "571077ecb654c5140001f90d": "1700", "5ad25b9ed7d075001a428e6e": "", "5ad25b9ed7d075001a428e6f": "", "5ad25b9ed7d075001a428e70": "", "5ad25b9ed7d075001a428e71": "", "5ad25b9ed7d075001a428e72": "", "57107932a58dae1900cd69ca": "New Netherland", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cb": "Jess\u00e9 de Forest,", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cc": "", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cd": "L'Eglise du Saint-Esprit,", "57107932a58dae1900cd69ce": "Bushwick.", "5ad25e99d7d075001a428f2e": "Brooklyn,", "5ad25e99d7d075001a428f2f": "", "5ad25e99d7d075001a428f30": "", "5ad25e99d7d075001a428f31": "New Netherland", "5ad25e99d7d075001a428f32": "", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69de": "", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69df": "", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e0": "1697", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e1": "British Landgrave Edmund Bellinger.", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e2": "Pons", "5ad263d9d7d075001a429122": "Pons", "5ad263d9d7d075001a429123": "Pons", "5ad263d9d7d075001a429124": "1685", "5ad263d9d7d075001a429125": "", "5ad263d9d7d075001a429126": "", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e8": "William III of Orange,", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e9": "King of England,", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ea": "League of Augsburg", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69eb": "", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ec": "", "5ad267dbd7d075001a42923e": "", "5ad267dbd7d075001a42923f": "", "5ad267dbd7d075001a429240": "", "5ad267dbd7d075001a429241": "", "57107d73b654c5140001f91d": "Edict of Fontainebleau", "57107d73b654c5140001f91e": "1685", "57107d73b654c5140001f91f": "Louis XIV,", "57107d73b654c5140001f920": "", "5ad24056d7d075001a42892c": "", "5ad24057d7d075001a42892e": "", "5ad24057d7d075001a42892f": "Louis XIV,", "5ad24057d7d075001a428930": "500,000", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f2": "The Catholic Church", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f3": "St. Bartholomew's Day massacre", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f4": "5,000 to 30,000", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f5": "they attempted to meet for worship", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f6": "", "5ad2454cd7d075001a428a92": "5,000 to 30,000", "5ad2454cd7d075001a428a93": "", "5ad2454cd7d075001a428a94": "", "5ad2454cd7d075001a428a95": "", "57108073b654c5140001f925": "Huguenot rebellions", "57108073b654c5140001f926": "southwestern France,", "57108073b654c5140001f927": "southwestern France,", "57108073b654c5140001f928": "Louis XIII,", "57108073b654c5140001f929": "Louis XIII,", "5ad24b60d7d075001a428be4": "1621 and 1629", "5ad24b60d7d075001a428be5": "", "5ad24b60d7d075001a428be6": "Huguenot", "5ad24b60d7d075001a428be7": "foreign powers", "5ad24b60d7d075001a428be8": "Huguenots", "57108198b654c5140001f937": "", "57108198b654c5140001f938": "", "57108198b654c5140001f939": "", "57108198b654c5140001f93a": "", "57108198b654c5140001f93b": "Alsace in northeast France and the C\u00e9vennes mountain region in the south, who still regard themselves as Huguenots to this day.[citation needed] A diaspora of French Australians", "5ad25878d7d075001a428dc6": "", "5ad25878d7d075001a428dc7": "", "5ad25878d7d075001a428dc8": "", "5ad25878d7d075001a428dc9": "2%", "5ad25878d7d075001a428dca": "", "57108c95b654c5140001f979": "", "57108c95b654c5140001f97a": "New Rochelle,", "57108c95b654c5140001f97b": "\"Huguenot Street Historic District\"", "57108c95b654c5140001f97c": "\"Huguenot Street Historic District\"", "57108c95b654c5140001f97d": "New Paltz. The \"Huguenot Street Historic District\" in New Paltz", "5ad25f29d7d075001a428f60": "", "5ad25f29d7d075001a428f61": "", "5ad25f29d7d075001a428f62": "", "5ad25f29d7d075001a428f63": "New York, another 21 miles north of New York in a town which they named New Rochelle, and a third further upstate in New Paltz. The \"Huguenot Street Historic District\" in New Paltz has been designated a National Historic Landmark site and contains the oldest street in the United States of America. A small group of Huguenots also settled on the south shore of Staten Island", "5ad25f29d7d075001a428f64": "", "57108d69b654c5140001f983": "Dutch Republic", "57108d69b654c5140001f984": "", "57108d69b654c5140001f985": "", "57108d69b654c5140001f986": "Amsterdam and the area of West Frisia", "57108d69b654c5140001f987": "Edict of Nantes,", "5ad268cbd7d075001a429292": "", "5ad268cbd7d075001a429293": "", "5ad268cbd7d075001a429294": "", "5ad268cbd7d075001a429295": "200", "5ad268cbd7d075001a429296": "", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1a": "le roi Huguet", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1b": "King Hugo,", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1c": "ghost of le roi Huguet", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1d": "pr\u00e9tendus r\u00e9form\u00e9s", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1e": "night", "5ad24319d7d075001a4289cc": "", "5ad24319d7d075001a4289cd": "", "5ad24319d7d075001a4289ce": "", "5ad24319d7d075001a4289cf": "", "5ad24319d7d075001a4289d0": "", "571090abb654c5140001f995": "", "571090abb654c5140001f996": "The Weavers,", "571090abb654c5140001f997": "the variety of occupations", "571090abb654c5140001f998": "Sandwich, Faversham and Maidstone\u2014towns", "571090abb654c5140001f999": "", "5ad26c87d7d075001a429398": "", "5ad26c87d7d075001a429399": "", "5ad26c87d7d075001a42939a": "", "5ad26c87d7d075001a42939b": "", "5ad26c87d7d075001a42939c": "Sandwich, Faversham and Maidstone\u2014towns", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a40": "", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a41": "Cork City;", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a42": "Dublin,", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a43": "a High Sheriff", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a44": "1696", "5ad27081d7d075001a429454": "", "5ad27081d7d075001a429455": "", "5ad27081d7d075001a429456": "", "5ad27081d7d075001a429457": "", "5ad27081d7d075001a429458": "High Sheriff", "57109275b654c5140001f99f": "brain drain", "57109275b654c5140001f9a0": "", "57109275b654c5140001f9a1": "non-Catholics", "57109275b654c5140001f9a2": "(the North American front of the Seven Years' War),", "57109275b654c5140001f9a3": "1759-60", "5ad27473d7d075001a4294e8": "", "5ad27473d7d075001a4294e9": "", "5ad27473d7d075001a4294ea": "", "5ad27473d7d075001a4294eb": "", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5c": "", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5d": "", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5e": "", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5f": "founding of new Protestant churches in Catholic-controlled regions.[citation", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a60": "Protestantism", "5ad248f7d7d075001a428b8c": "", "5ad248f7d7d075001a428b8d": "", "5ad248f7d7d075001a428b8e": "", "5ad248f7d7d075001a428b8f": "new Protestant churches", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a66": "education", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a67": "education of children as Catholics, and prohibited emigration.", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a68": "Four thousand", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a69": "Catholics", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a6a": "New York and Virginia,", "5ad24e85d7d075001a428c4e": "hundreds of thousands", "5ad24e85d7d075001a428c4f": "The English", "5ad24e85d7d075001a428c50": "Britain", "5ad24e85d7d075001a428c51": "", "5ad24e85d7d075001a428c52": "", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a76": "", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a77": "South America.", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a78": "", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a79": "1560", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a7a": "Guanabara Confession of Faith,", "5ad25963d7d075001a428e0c": "", "5ad25963d7d075001a428e0d": "", "5ad25963d7d075001a428e0e": "", "5ad25963d7d075001a428e0f": "", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a86": "Afrikaans-speaking,", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a87": "wine", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a88": "", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a89": "surnames", "5ad25c69d7d075001a428ea4": "Huguenots,", "5ad25c69d7d075001a428ea5": "", "5ad25c69d7d075001a428ea6": "Huguenots,", "5ad25c69d7d075001a428ea7": "Huguenots,", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a98": "Henry Laurens, who signed the Articles of Confederation for South Carolina; Jack Jouett,", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a99": "Henry Laurens,", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9a": "Charleston, South Carolina,", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9b": "Manakin Episcopal Church", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9c": "Texas", "5ad26586d7d075001a4291b2": "", "5ad26586d7d075001a4291b3": "", "5ad26586d7d075001a4291b4": "", "5ad26586d7d075001a4291b5": "", "5ad26586d7d075001a4291b6": "", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab2": "", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab3": "'Bucks Point'", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab4": "", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab5": "first half of the eighteenth century", "5ad26e85d7d075001a4293f2": "", "5ad26e85d7d075001a4293f3": "eighteenth century", "5ad26e85d7d075001a4293f4": "", "5ad26e85d7d075001a4293f5": "", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b3": "Berlin,", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b4": "one-fifth", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b5": "1806-07", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b6": "1806-07", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b7": "Fredericia (Denmark), Berlin, Stockholm, Hamburg, Frankfurt, Helsinki, and Emden.", "5ad27294d7d075001a42949a": "1806", "5ad27294d7d075001a42949b": "Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichstadt.", "5ad27294d7d075001a42949c": "Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichstadt.", "5ad27294d7d075001a42949d": "", "5ad27294d7d075001a42949e": "one-fifth", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b26": "", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b27": "C\u00e9vennes region", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b28": "Camisards", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b29": "Catholic Church", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b2a": "1702 and 1709", "5ad24f27d7d075001a428c88": "", "5ad24f27d7d075001a428c89": "", "5ad24f27d7d075001a428c8a": "", "5ad24f27d7d075001a428c8b": "1702 and 1709", "5ad24f27d7d075001a428c8c": "18th century", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b30": "Jacksonville, Florida.", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b31": "Jean Ribault", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b32": "Fort Caroline", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b33": "Spanish", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b34": "", "5ad25aa1d7d075001a428e40": "", "5ad25aa1d7d075001a428e41": "", "5ad25aa1d7d075001a428e42": "", "5ad25aa1d7d075001a428e43": "", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa17": "Charlesfort", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa18": "Southeastern U.S.,", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa19": "Pedro Men\u00e9ndez de Avil\u00e9s,", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1a": "1564", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1b": "The Wars of Religion", "5ad25d49d7d075001a428eec": "", "5ad25d49d7d075001a428eed": "", "5ad25d49d7d075001a428eee": "", "5ad25d49d7d075001a428eef": "", "5ad25d49d7d075001a428ef0": "1564", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3a": "Virginia,", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3b": "Lower Norfolk County.", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3c": "Manakin Town,", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3d": "390", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3e": "1700 several hundred French Huguenots migrated from England to the colony of Virginia, where the English Crown had promised them land grants in Lower Norfolk County.", "5ad26278d7d075001a4290ac": "", "5ad26278d7d075001a4290ad": "", "5ad26278d7d075001a4290ae": "", "5ad26278d7d075001a4290af": "", "5ad26278d7d075001a4290b0": "", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2b": "1568\u20131609", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2c": "", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2d": "William the Silent,", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2e": "Huguenot Pierre L'Oyseleur,", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2f": "French", "5ad266f8d7d075001a429206": "", "5ad266f8d7d075001a429207": "Villiers.", "5ad266f8d7d075001a429208": "Dutch Republic's", "5ad266f8d7d075001a429209": "", "5ad266f8d7d075001a42920a": "", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b60": "Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act,", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b61": "1708", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b62": "50,000", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b63": "Andrew Lortie", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b64": "", "5ad26ba1d7d075001a429358": "50,000", "5ad26ba1d7d075001a429359": "50,000", "5ad26ba1d7d075001a42935a": "Huguenot theologian and writer who led the exiled community in London,", "5ad26ba1d7d075001a42935b": "", "5ad26ba1d7d075001a42935c": "", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b72": "Williamite war", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b73": "William of Orange", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b74": "Dublin, Cork, Portarlington, Lisburn, Waterford and Youghal.", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b75": "flax cultivation and the growth of the Irish linen", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b76": "Irish linen", "5ad26f6ed7d075001a429422": "", "5ad26f6ed7d075001a429423": "", "5ad26f6ed7d075001a429424": "", "5ad26f6ed7d075001a429425": "the expansion of flax cultivation and the growth of the Irish linen industry.", "5ad26f6ed7d075001a429426": "the expansion of flax cultivation and the growth of the Irish linen industry.", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa45": "Prince Louis de Cond\u00e9,", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa46": "Count Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbr\u00fccken", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa47": "glass-making", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa48": "1890s", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa49": "1604", "5ad273b5d7d075001a4294b8": "", "5ad273b5d7d075001a4294b9": "", "5ad273b5d7d075001a4294ba": "", "5ad273b5d7d075001a4294bb": "1604", "5711119cb654c5140001fae3": "", "5711119cb654c5140001fae4": "Protestant European", "5711119cb654c5140001fae5": "", "5711119cb654c5140001fae6": "", "5711119cb654c5140001fae7": "", "5ad240eed7d075001a428940": "", "5ad240eed7d075001a428941": "", "5ad240eed7d075001a428942": "", "5ad240eed7d075001a428943": "", "5ad240eed7d075001a428944": "", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcc": "Hugues Capet,", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcd": "\"Hugues", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bce": "Janet Gray", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcf": "noble man who respected people's dignity and lives", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bd0": "double or triple non-French linguistic origins,", "5ad2424cd7d075001a42898a": "Hugues Capet,", "5ad2424cd7d075001a42898b": "France,", "5ad2424cd7d075001a42898c": "France,", "5ad2424cd7d075001a42898d": "", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd6": "", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd7": "", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd8": "1530", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd9": "", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bda": "", "5ad2447dd7d075001a428a68": "Geneva.", "5ad2447dd7d075001a428a69": "", "5ad2447dd7d075001a428a6a": "", "5ad2447dd7d075001a428a6b": "", "5ad2447dd7d075001a428a6c": "Jacques Lefevre", "57111428b654c5140001faff": "24 August \u2013 3 October 1572,", "57111428b654c5140001fb00": "Catholics", "57111428b654c5140001fb01": "between about 2,000 and 3,000", "57111428b654c5140001fb02": "1573", "57111429b654c5140001fb03": "25,000", "5ad24600d7d075001a428ac8": "between about 2,000 and 3,000", "5ad24600d7d075001a428ac9": "Paris", "5ad24600d7d075001a428aca": "3,000 Protestants were slaughtered in Toulouse alone. The exact number of fatalities throughout the country is not known. On 23\u201324 August, between about 2,000 and 3,000", "5ad24600d7d075001a428acb": "3,000", "5ad24600d7d075001a428acc": "3,000", "571114cfb654c5140001fb09": "Louis XIV", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0a": "increasingly aggressively", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0b": "missionaries", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0c": "closed", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0d": "dragonnades", "5ad24d2ad7d075001a428c1e": "", "5ad24d2ad7d075001a428c1f": "", "5ad24d2ad7d075001a428c20": "", "5ad24d2ad7d075001a428c21": "1685", "5ad24d2ad7d075001a428c22": "", "5711163bb654c5140001fb13": "Westchester", "5711163bb654c5140001fb14": "La Rochelle,", "5711163bb654c5140001fb15": "John Pell,", "5711163bb654c5140001fb16": "La Rochelle,", "5711163bb654c5140001fb17": "Trinity-St. Paul's Episcopal Church,", "5ad2615ed7d075001a429018": "", "5ad2615ed7d075001a429019": "", "5ad2615ed7d075001a42901a": "New Rochelle after La Rochelle, their former strong-hold in France.", "5ad2615ed7d075001a42901b": "", "5ad2615ed7d075001a42901c": "", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c00": "quickly", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c01": "quickly and often married outside their immediate French communities, which led to their assimilation. Their descendants in many families continued to use French first names and surnames for their children well into the nineteenth century.", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c02": "E.I. du Pont,", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c03": "", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c04": "Eleutherian", "5ad264d7d7d075001a429174": "", "5ad264d7d7d075001a429175": "merchants and artisans in the late Colonial and early Federal periods.", "5ad264d7d7d075001a429176": "", "5ad264d7d7d075001a429177": "", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0a": "Pierre Bayle.", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0b": "Rotterdam,", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0c": "Historical and Critical Dictionary.", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0d": "US Library of Congress.", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0e": "Saint Nicolas,", "5ad26acad7d075001a42932a": "", "5ad26acad7d075001a42932b": "Dutch given names.", "5ad26acad7d075001a42932c": "Saint Nicolas, similar to the Dutch Sint Nicolaas", "5ad26acad7d075001a42932d": "multi-volume", "57111992b654c5140001fb43": "", "57111992b654c5140001fb44": "1550", "57111992b654c5140001fb45": "Soho Square.", "57111992b654c5140001fb46": "Shoreditch,", "57111992b654c5140001fb47": "1724", "5ad26dbcd7d075001a4293d4": "", "5ad26dbcd7d075001a4293d5": "1724", "5ad26dbcd7d075001a4293d6": "", "5ad26dbcd7d075001a4293d7": "about a third", "5ad26dbcd7d075001a4293d8": "", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3c": "", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3d": "", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3e": "", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3f": "", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c40": "The Huguenots furnished two new regiments", "5ad271c2d7d075001a429472": "", "5ad271c2d7d075001a429473": "", "5ad271c2d7d075001a429474": "4,000", "5ad271c2d7d075001a429475": "4,000", "5ad271c2d7d075001a429476": "", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c50": "Frederick William,", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c51": "Theodor Fontane, General Hermann von Fran\u00e7ois,", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c52": "Adolf Galland,", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c53": "Lothar de Maizi\u00e8re,", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c54": "German Federal Minister", "5ad275ccd7d075001a42950e": "Thomas de Maizi\u00e8re.", "5ad275ccd7d075001a42950f": "Lothar de Maizi\u00e8re,", "5ad275ccd7d075001a429510": "", "5ad275ccd7d075001a429511": "", "5ad275ccd7d075001a429512": "", "57112686b654c5140001fbd3": "", "57112686b654c5140001fbd4": "Rankine cycle.", "57112686b654c5140001fbd5": "steam", "57112686b654c5140001fbd6": "high pressure", "57112686b654c5140001fbd7": "", "5ad3bd8f604f3c001a3fef2d": "solar power", "5ad3bd8f604f3c001a3fef2e": "Rankine cycle.", "5ad3bd8f604f3c001a3fef2f": "", "5ad3bd8f604f3c001a3fef30": "", "5ad3bd8f604f3c001a3fef31": "", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb2": "the atmospheric engine", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb3": "Thomas Newcomen", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb4": "1712", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb5": "", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb6": "Papin.", "5ad3c637604f3c001a3ff017": "", "5ad3c637604f3c001a3ff018": "Thomas Newcomen", "5ad3c637604f3c001a3ff019": "1712", "5ad3c637604f3c001a3ff01a": "", "5ad3c637604f3c001a3ff01b": "", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc4": "United Kingdom", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc5": "21 February 1804,", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc6": "", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc7": "", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc8": "south", "5ad3cd43604f3c001a3ff183": "United Kingdom", "5ad3cd43604f3c001a3ff184": "21 February 1804,", "5ad3cd43604f3c001a3ff185": "", "5ad3cd43604f3c001a3ff186": "south Wales.", "5ad3cd43604f3c001a3ff187": "south", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0e": "water pump", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0f": "multi-stage centrifugal pumps", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d10": "1850s", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d11": "steam locomotives", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d12": "lower-pressure boiler feed water", "5ad3e83e604f3c001a3ff63b": "water pump", "5ad3e83e604f3c001a3ff63c": "", "5ad3e83e604f3c001a3ff63d": "", "5ad3e83e604f3c001a3ff63e": "steam locomotives", "5ad3e83e604f3c001a3ff63f": "", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d18": "three or four", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d19": "", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1a": "late 19th", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1b": "marine triple expansion engines", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1c": "Olympic class),", "5ad41b12604f3c001a4004fb": "", "5ad41b12604f3c001a4004fc": "", "5ad41b12604f3c001a4004fd": "late 19th", "5ad41b12604f3c001a4004fe": "triple expansion engines", "5ad41b12604f3c001a4004ff": "", "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d22": "Corliss,", "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d23": "Stephenson, Joy and Walschaerts", "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d24": "the exhaust side remains open for a longer period after cut-off on the admission side has occurred", "5ad3f35c604f3c001a3ff8f5": "poppet valve", "5ad3f35c604f3c001a3ff8f6": "", "5ad3f35c604f3c001a3ff8f7": "the exhaust side remains open for a longer period after cut-off on the admission side has occurred", "5ad3f35c604f3c001a3ff8f8": "", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc1f": "Lead fusible plugs", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc20": "the lead melts and the steam escapes", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc21": "steam escapes", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc22": "manually suppress the fire", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc23": "dampening the fire", "5ad40ec6604f3c001a40012f": "fusible plugs", "5ad40ec6604f3c001a400130": "the lead melts and the steam escapes", "5ad40ec6604f3c001a400131": "steam escapes", "5ad40ec6604f3c001a400132": "manually suppress the fire", "5ad40ec6604f3c001a400133": "", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d28": "James Watt", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d29": "rotary", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2a": "ten", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2b": "", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2c": "Industrial Revolution,", "5ad3bf63604f3c001a3fef5b": "James Watt", "5ad3bf63604f3c001a3fef5c": "rotary", "5ad3bf63604f3c001a3fef5d": "ten", "5ad3bf63604f3c001a3fef5e": "", "5ad3bf63604f3c001a3fef5f": "", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d32": "AD;", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d33": "Hero of Alexandria.", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d34": "Greek", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d35": "Giovanni Branca", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d36": "1606", "5ad3c46a604f3c001a3fefb1": "AD;", "5ad3c46a604f3c001a3fefb2": "", "5ad3c46a604f3c001a3fefb3": "Greek", "5ad3c46a604f3c001a3fefb4": "", "5ad3c46a604f3c001a3fefb5": "1606", "57113f83b654c5140001fc29": "compound engines", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2a": "expansions", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2b": "shipping", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2c": "coal", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2d": "internal combustion engines", "5ad3cc47604f3c001a3ff143": "compound engines", "5ad3cc47604f3c001a3ff144": "expansions", "5ad3cc47604f3c001a3ff145": "shipping", "5ad3cc47604f3c001a3ff146": "coal", "5ad3cc47604f3c001a3ff147": "internal combustion engines", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5a": "", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5b": "late part of the 19th century", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5c": "several hundred", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5d": "90%", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5e": "electric", "5ad3d3af604f3c001a3ff293": "", "5ad3d3af604f3c001a3ff294": "", "5ad3d3af604f3c001a3ff295": "several hundred", "5ad3d3af604f3c001a3ff296": "", "5ad3d3af604f3c001a3ff297": "", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6e": "burning combustible materials", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6f": "combustion chamber", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d70": "solar energy", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d71": "electric", "5ad3d689604f3c001a3ff30d": "burning combustible materials", "5ad3d689604f3c001a3ff30e": "combustion chamber", "5ad3d689604f3c001a3ff30f": "electric", "5ad3d689604f3c001a3ff310": "solar", "5ad3d689604f3c001a3ff311": "", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d80": "steam engine indicator", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d81": "1851", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d82": "Charles Porter", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d83": "Charles Richard", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d84": "London Exhibition", "5ad3e8f6604f3c001a3ff66b": "steam engine indicator", "5ad3e8f6604f3c001a3ff66c": "1851", "5ad3e8f6604f3c001a3ff66d": "Charles Porter", "5ad3e8f6604f3c001a3ff66e": "Charles Richard", "5ad3e8f6604f3c001a3ff66f": "London Exhibition in 1862.", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8a": "90\u00b0", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8b": "180\u00b0", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8c": "90\u00b0", "5ad3ed37604f3c001a3ff7a1": "90\u00b0", "5ad3ed37604f3c001a3ff7a2": "180\u00b0", "5ad3ed37604f3c001a3ff7a3": "90\u00b0", "5ad3ed37604f3c001a3ff7a4": "", "5ad3ed37604f3c001a3ff7a5": "the pistons worked in the same phase driving a common crosshead and crank", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3d": "counterflow", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3e": "two", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3f": "one", "5711488ab654c5140001fc40": "four", "5711488ab654c5140001fc41": "expansion", "5ad3f03c604f3c001a3ff829": "counterflow", "5ad3f03c604f3c001a3ff82a": "", "5ad3f03c604f3c001a3ff82b": "one", "5ad3f03c604f3c001a3ff82c": "four", "5ad3f03c604f3c001a3ff82d": "expansion", "57114aceb654c5140001fc47": "The Quasiturbine", "57114aceb654c5140001fc48": "the usual counterflow cycle", "57114aceb654c5140001fc49": "an additional port", "5ad3f4ed604f3c001a3ff963": "The Quasiturbine", "5ad3f4ed604f3c001a3ff964": "", "5ad3f4ed604f3c001a3ff965": "", "5ad3f4ed604f3c001a3ff966": "", "5ad3f4ed604f3c001a3ff967": "to remedy this defect and improve efficiency", "57114b1a2419e31400955575": "oscillating cylinder steam engine", "57114b1a2419e31400955576": "trunnion", "57114b1a2419e31400955577": "models", "57114b1a2419e31400955578": "ships", "5ad3fc1f604f3c001a3ffb7b": "oscillating cylinder", "5ad3fc1f604f3c001a3ffb7c": "", "5ad3fc1f604f3c001a3ffb7d": "", "5ad3fc1f604f3c001a3ffb7e": "ships", "5ad3fc1f604f3c001a3ffb7f": "", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a53": "recycled continuously", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a54": "open loop", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a55": "Mercury", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a56": "", "5ad415fd604f3c001a400327": "", "5ad415fd604f3c001a400328": "open loop", "5ad415fd604f3c001a400329": "", "5ad415fd604f3c001a40032a": "Mercury", "5ad415fd604f3c001a40032b": "", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5b": "working fluid", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5c": "565 \u00b0C", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5d": "", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5e": "30 \u00b0C.", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5f": "63%", "5ad418fb604f3c001a400431": "", "5ad418fb604f3c001a400432": "565 \u00b0C", "5ad418fb604f3c001a400433": "", "5ad418fb604f3c001a400434": "", "5ad418fb604f3c001a400435": "", "57114f0050c2381900b54a65": "Steam engines", "57114f0050c2381900b54a66": "steamboats", "57114f0050c2381900b54a67": "Stanley Steamer.", "57114f0050c2381900b54a68": "factories", "57114f0050c2381900b54a69": "", "5ad3c1ad604f3c001a3fef8d": "Steam engines", "5ad3c1ad604f3c001a3fef8e": "steamboats", "5ad3c1ad604f3c001a3fef8f": "", "5ad3c1ad604f3c001a3fef90": "factories", "5ad3c1ad604f3c001a3fef91": "", "571153422419e3140095557d": "Catch Me Who Can", "571153422419e3140095557e": "George Stephenson", "571153422419e3140095557f": "twin-cylinder", "571153422419e31400955580": "Stockton and Darlington Railway.", "571153422419e31400955581": "Stockton and Darlington Railway.", "5ad3d2aa604f3c001a3ff261": "Locomotion for the Stockton and Darlington Railway.", "5ad3d2aa604f3c001a3ff262": "George Stephenson", "5ad3d2aa604f3c001a3ff263": "twin-cylinder", "5ad3d2aa604f3c001a3ff264": "Stockton and Darlington Railway.", "5ad3d2aa604f3c001a3ff265": "Stockton and Darlington Railway.", "5711541350c2381900b54a6f": "Arthur Woolf,", "5711541350c2381900b54a70": "British", "5711541350c2381900b54a71": "torque variability", "5711541350c2381900b54a72": "larger cylinder volume", "5ad3eb61604f3c001a3ff71b": "Arthur Woolf,", "5ad3eb61604f3c001a3ff71c": "British", "5ad3eb61604f3c001a3ff71d": "", "5ad3eb61604f3c001a3ff71e": "larger cylinder volume", "5ad3eb61604f3c001a3ff71f": "Arthur Woolf,", "571154c72419e31400955587": "90%", "571154c72419e31400955588": "", "571154c72419e31400955589": "", "571154c72419e3140095558a": "steam turbines", "571154c72419e3140095558b": "reduction", "5ad3f846604f3c001a3ffa5d": "90%", "5ad3f846604f3c001a3ffa5e": "", "5ad3f846604f3c001a3ffa5f": "Diesel engines,", "5ad3f846604f3c001a3ffa60": "", "5ad3f846604f3c001a3ffa61": "", "571155ae2419e31400955591": "The Rankine cycle", "571155ae2419e31400955592": "removed", "571155ae2419e31400955593": "1990s", "571155ae2419e31400955594": "biomass", "571155ae2419e31400955595": "Scottish polymath.", "5ad41260604f3c001a40023f": "", "5ad41260604f3c001a400240": "removed", "5ad41260604f3c001a400241": "1990s", "5ad41260604f3c001a400242": "biomass", "5ad41260604f3c001a400243": "Scottish polymath.", "571156152419e3140095559b": "its \"duty\"", "571156152419e3140095559c": "Watt", "571156152419e3140095559d": "94", "571156152419e3140095559e": "", "571156152419e3140095559f": "17", "5ad41813604f3c001a4003dd": "duty", "5ad41813604f3c001a4003de": "Watt", "5ad41813604f3c001a4003df": "94", "5ad41813604f3c001a4003e0": "", "5ad41813604f3c001a4003e1": "17", "57115ac550c2381900b54a77": "steam turbines", "57115ac550c2381900b54a78": "Reciprocating piston type", "57115ac550c2381900b54a79": "turbine type steam engines", "57115ac550c2381900b54a7a": "internal combustion engines", "5ad3c061604f3c001a3fef6f": "steam turbines", "5ad3c061604f3c001a3fef70": "Reciprocating piston type steam engines", "5ad3c061604f3c001a3fef71": "turbine type steam engines", "5ad3c061604f3c001a3fef72": "internal combustion engines", "5ad3c061604f3c001a3fef73": "", "57115b2850c2381900b54a7f": "Thomas Savery.", "57115b2850c2381900b54a80": "a water pump", "57115b2850c2381900b54a81": "1698", "57115b2850c2381900b54a82": "Bento de Moura Portugal", "57115b2850c2381900b54a83": "John Smeaton", "5ad3c57a604f3c001a3feff1": "Thomas Savery.", "5ad3c57a604f3c001a3feff2": "", "5ad3c57a604f3c001a3feff3": "", "5ad3c57a604f3c001a3feff4": "Bento de Moura Portugal", "5ad3c57a604f3c001a3feff5": "John Smeaton", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a89": "Richard Trevithick", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8a": "Richard Trevithick and, separately, Oliver Evans", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8b": "1802", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8c": "transport applications", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8d": "power", "5ad3cab2604f3c001a3ff0e3": "Richard Trevithick", "5ad3cab2604f3c001a3ff0e4": "", "5ad3cab2604f3c001a3ff0e5": "1802", "5ad3cab2604f3c001a3ff0e6": "transport applications", "5ad3cab2604f3c001a3ff0e7": "", "57115bf350c2381900b54a93": "Energiprojekt AB", "57115bf350c2381900b54a94": "Sweden", "57115bf350c2381900b54a95": "5", "57115bf350c2381900b54a96": "8.8", "57115bf350c2381900b54a97": "27-30%", "5ad3d4db604f3c001a3ff2b1": "Energiprojekt AB", "5ad3d4db604f3c001a3ff2b2": "", "5ad3d4db604f3c001a3ff2b3": "5", "5ad3d4db604f3c001a3ff2b4": "8.8", "5ad3d4db604f3c001a3ff2b5": "", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9d": "surface condensers", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9e": "automobile radiator", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9f": "water is costly", "57115c7450c2381900b54aa0": "dry", "57115c7450c2381900b54aa1": "3600", "5ad3d7e0604f3c001a3ff35d": "surface condensers", "5ad3d7e0604f3c001a3ff35e": "", "5ad3d7e0604f3c001a3ff35f": "", "5ad3d7e0604f3c001a3ff360": "dry type", "5ad3d7e0604f3c001a3ff361": "3600", "57115dbe2419e314009555a5": "", "57115dbe2419e314009555a6": "Boulton", "57115dbe2419e314009555a7": "1788", "57115dbe2419e314009555a8": "cotton spinning", "57115dbe2419e314009555a9": "hold a set speed", "5ad3ea77604f3c001a3ff6df": "", "5ad3ea77604f3c001a3ff6e0": "Boulton", "5ad3ea77604f3c001a3ff6e1": "1788", "5ad3ea77604f3c001a3ff6e2": "cotton spinning", "5ad3ea77604f3c001a3ff6e3": "", "57115e532419e314009555af": "1880", "57115e532419e314009555b0": "railway locomotives", "57115e532419e314009555b1": "complicated", "57115e532419e314009555b2": "1930", "57115e532419e314009555b3": "road engines", "5ad3ee11604f3c001a3ff7d7": "", "5ad3ee11604f3c001a3ff7d8": "", "5ad3ee11604f3c001a3ff7d9": "", "5ad3ee11604f3c001a3ff7da": "1930", "5ad3ee11604f3c001a3ff7db": "road engines", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa7": "cutoff", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa8": "kick back", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa9": "", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aaa": "fixed length", "5ad3f13e604f3c001a3ff865": "cutoff", "5ad3f13e604f3c001a3ff866": "kick back", "5ad3f13e604f3c001a3ff867": "", "5ad3f13e604f3c001a3ff868": "", "5ad3f13e604f3c001a3ff869": "", "57115f652419e314009555b9": "Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz y Beaumont", "57115f652419e314009555ba": "The Spanish", "57115f652419e314009555bb": "1606", "57115f652419e314009555bc": "1698", "57115f652419e314009555bd": "1712", "5ad3be46604f3c001a3fef37": "", "5ad3be46604f3c001a3fef38": "", "5ad3be46604f3c001a3fef39": "1606", "5ad3be46604f3c001a3fef3a": "1698", "5ad3be46604f3c001a3fef3b": "1712", "57115ff82419e314009555c3": "rotating discs", "57115ff82419e314009555c4": "a drive shaft", "57115ff82419e314009555c5": "static discs", "57115ff82419e314009555c6": "turbine casing", "57115ff82419e314009555c7": "3600 revolutions per minute", "5ad3f689604f3c001a3ff9e3": "", "5ad3f689604f3c001a3ff9e4": "a drive shaft", "5ad3f689604f3c001a3ff9e5": "", "5ad3f689604f3c001a3ff9e6": "", "5ad3f689604f3c001a3ff9e7": "3600 revolutions per minute", "5711607f2419e314009555cd": "", "5711607f2419e314009555ce": "electric motors", "5711607f2419e314009555cf": "steam turbine plant", "5711607f2419e314009555d0": "Advanced Steam", "5711607f2419e314009555d1": "pollution", "5ad3c3bc604f3c001a3fef9f": "", "5ad3c3bc604f3c001a3fefa0": "electric motors", "5ad3c3bc604f3c001a3fefa1": "", "5ad3c3bc604f3c001a3fefa2": "Advanced Steam", "5ad3c3bc604f3c001a3fefa3": "pollution", "571161092419e314009555d7": "", "571161092419e314009555d8": "cylinders and valve gear", "571161092419e314009555d9": "thermal expansion", "5ad40864604f3c001a3ffeeb": "", "5ad40864604f3c001a3ffeec": "cylinders", "5ad40864604f3c001a3ffeed": "thermal expansion", "5ad40864604f3c001a3ffeee": "", "5ad40864604f3c001a3ffeef": "", "5711619950c2381900b54aaf": "1763\u20131775", "5711619950c2381900b54ab0": "a separate condenser", "5711619950c2381900b54ab1": "half", "5711619950c2381900b54ab2": "Newcomen's and Watt's", "5711619950c2381900b54ab3": "a piston into the partial vacuum generated by condensing steam", "5ad3c75a604f3c001a3ff045": "1763\u20131775", "5ad3c75a604f3c001a3ff046": "a separate condenser", "5ad3c75a604f3c001a3ff047": "half", "5ad3c75a604f3c001a3ff048": "James Watt", "5ad3c75a604f3c001a3ff049": "a piston", "5711623e50c2381900b54ab9": "two", "5711623e50c2381900b54aba": "a plug valve", "5711623e50c2381900b54abb": "an adjustable spring-loaded valve", "5711623e50c2381900b54abc": "a seal", "5711623e50c2381900b54abd": "more power", "5ad40b9a604f3c001a400019": "two", "5ad40b9a604f3c001a40001a": "", "5ad40b9a604f3c001a40001b": "", "5ad40b9a604f3c001a40001c": "a seal", "5ad40b9a604f3c001a40001d": "power", "5711628a2419e314009555dd": "Corliss steam engine,", "5711628a2419e314009555de": "1849", "5711628a2419e314009555df": "four", "5711628a2419e314009555e0": "Rumford medal", "5711628a2419e314009555e1": "30%", "5ad3cb62604f3c001a3ff111": "", "5ad3cb62604f3c001a3ff112": "1849", "5ad3cb62604f3c001a3ff113": "four", "5ad3cb62604f3c001a3ff114": "Rumford medal", "5ad3cb62604f3c001a3ff115": "30%", "571163172419e314009555e7": "thermodynamic theory", "571163172419e314009555e8": "Watt", "571163172419e314009555e9": "the separate condenser", "571163172419e314009555ea": "Joseph Black,", "571163172419e314009555eb": "latent heat", "5ad41733604f3c001a40037f": "thermodynamic theory", "5ad41733604f3c001a400380": "Watt", "5ad41733604f3c001a400381": "", "5ad41733604f3c001a400382": "Joseph Black,", "5ad41733604f3c001a400383": "latent heat", "5711648850c2381900b54ac3": "relatively little work is required to drive the pump", "5711648850c2381900b54ac4": "liquid phase", "5711648850c2381900b54ac5": "1% to 3%", "5711648850c2381900b54ac6": "1500 \u00b0C.", "5ad419f8604f3c001a400499": "", "5ad419f8604f3c001a40049a": "liquid phase", "5ad419f8604f3c001a40049b": "", "5ad419f8604f3c001a40049c": "1500 \u00b0C.", "5ad419f8604f3c001a40049d": "", "5711651050c2381900b54acb": "injector", "5711651050c2381900b54acc": "recover the latent heat of vaporisation", "5711651050c2381900b54acd": "superheaters", "5711651050c2381900b54ace": "bunker", "5711651050c2381900b54acf": "a chain or screw stoking mechanism", "5ad3d560604f3c001a3ff2c5": "Mechanical stoker", "5ad3d560604f3c001a3ff2c6": "recover the latent heat of vaporisation", "5ad3d560604f3c001a3ff2c7": "superheaters", "5ad3d560604f3c001a3ff2c8": "", "5ad3d560604f3c001a3ff2c9": "a chain or screw stoking mechanism", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad5": "feed water", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad6": "British", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad7": "dreadnought battleships, and ocean liners", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad8": "dreadnought battleships, and ocean liners", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad9": "", "5ad3ef13604f3c001a3ff7f9": "feed water", "5ad3ef13604f3c001a3ff7fa": "", "5ad3ef13604f3c001a3ff7fb": "dreadnought battleships, and ocean liners", "5ad3ef13604f3c001a3ff7fc": "dreadnought battleships", "5ad3ef13604f3c001a3ff7fd": "", "571166352419e314009555f1": "water", "571166352419e314009555f2": "a turbine connected to an electrical generator", "571166352419e314009555f3": "electrical generator", "571166352419e314009555f4": "turbo-electric transmission", "571166352419e314009555f5": "", "5ad3fabc604f3c001a3ffb1b": "water", "5ad3fabc604f3c001a3ffb1c": "", "5ad3fabc604f3c001a3ffb1d": "", "5ad3fabc604f3c001a3ffb1e": "turbo-electric transmission", "5ad3fabc604f3c001a3ffb1f": "", "5711669550c2381900b54adf": "", "5711669550c2381900b54ae0": "", "5711669550c2381900b54ae1": "constant pressure", "5711669550c2381900b54ae2": "isothermal", "5711669550c2381900b54ae3": "as a liquid not as a gas", "5ad414dd604f3c001a4002c7": "", "5ad414dd604f3c001a4002c8": "", "5ad414dd604f3c001a4002c9": "", "5ad414dd604f3c001a4002ca": "", "5ad414dd604f3c001a4002cb": "", "571a484210f8ca1400304fbd": "8", "571a484210f8ca1400304fbe": "hydrogen and helium", "571a484210f8ca1400304fbf": "oxygen", "571a484210f8ca1400304fc0": "two", "571a484210f8ca1400304fc1": "almost half of the crust's mass", "571c3a685efbb31900334db2": "8", "571c3a685efbb31900334db3": "chalcogen", "571c3a685efbb31900334db4": "oxides", "571c3a685efbb31900334db5": "third", "571c3a685efbb31900334db6": "dioxygen", "5ad21646d7d075001a4283c4": "Oxygen", "5ad21646d7d075001a4283c5": "Oxygen", "5ad21646d7d075001a4283c6": "oxygen", "5ad21646d7d075001a4283c7": "", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94a": "photosynthesis", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94b": "photosynthesis, which uses the energy of sunlight", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94c": "", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09c": "oxygen", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09d": "water", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09e": "photosynthesis", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09f": "sunlight to produce oxygen from water", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c0a0": "ozone", "5ad21e1ad7d075001a42846e": "nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and fats", "5ad21e1ad7d075001a42846f": "Oxygen", "5ad21e1ad7d075001a428470": "ozone", "5ad21e1ad7d075001a428471": "", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd5": "Robert Boyle", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd6": "John Mayow", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd7": "nitroaereus", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd8": "1679", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a6": "Robert Boyle", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a7": "spiritus nitroaereus or just nitroaereus", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a8": "17th", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a9": "respiration", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0aa": "John Mayow", "5ad22a95d7d075001a4285da": "combustion", "5ad22a95d7d075001a4285db": "1641\u20131679", "5ad22a96d7d075001a4285dc": "", "5ad22a96d7d075001a4285dd": "John Mayow", "5ad22a96d7d075001a4285de": "chemist", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a958": "Priestley", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a959": "British clergyman", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95a": "mercuric oxide", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95b": "(HgO)", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b0": "mercuric oxide", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b1": "dephlogisticated air", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b2": "1775", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b3": "Priestley", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b4": "lived longer", "5ad22cd0d7d075001a428618": "", "5ad22cd0d7d075001a428619": "", "5ad22cd0d7d075001a42861a": "", "5ad22cd0d7d075001a42861b": "dephlogisticated", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdd": "Leonardo da Vinci", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fde": "Philo of Byzantium.", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdf": "", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fe0": "", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0ba": "Leonardo da Vinci", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bb": "fire", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bc": "Pneumatica,", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bd": "Leonardo da Vinci", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0be": "respiration", "5ad21f6fd7d075001a4284a4": "", "5ad21f6fd7d075001a4284a5": "2nd", "5ad21f6fd7d075001a4284a6": "Leonardo da Vinci", "5ad21f6fd7d075001a4284a7": "", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a960": "an ignition event, such as heat or a spark", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a961": "the source of most of the chemical energy", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a962": "oxygen", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a963": "Oxygen", "571cebc05efbb31900334e48": "rapid combustion", "571cebc05efbb31900334e49": "", "571cebc05efbb31900334e4a": "oxidant", "571cebc05efbb31900334e4b": "oxidant", "571cebc05efbb31900334e4c": "peroxides, chlorates, nitrates, perchlorates, and dichromates", "5ad2678ad7d075001a42922c": "rapid combustion", "5ad2678ad7d075001a42922d": "fuel", "5ad2678ad7d075001a42922e": "", "5ad2678ad7d075001a42922f": "explosion", "5ad2678ad7d075001a429230": "", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a969": "", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96a": "1\u20443", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96b": "", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a0": "combustion", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a1": "ignition sources are minimized", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a2": "", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a4": "Apollo 1 crew", "5ad2685dd7d075001a429276": "", "5ad2685dd7d075001a429278": "launch pad test", "5ad2685dd7d075001a429279": "rapidly and energetically", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe5": "", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe6": "oxygen", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe7": "carbon dioxide", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3e": "", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3f": "", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e40": "mantle", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e41": "", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e42": "oxygen", "5ad26235d7d075001a429080": "", "5ad26235d7d075001a429081": "", "5ad26235d7d075001a429082": "", "5ad26235d7d075001a429083": "", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c4": "monatomic", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c5": "simplest atomic ratios with respect to one another", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c6": "", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c7": "", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c8": "Avogadro's law", "5ad23e1bd7d075001a4288b4": "", "5ad23e1bd7d075001a4288b5": "", "5ad23e1bd7d075001a4288b6": "", "5ad23e1bd7d075001a4288b7": "1805", "5ad23e1bd7d075001a4288b8": "", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0ce": "phlogiston", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0cf": "", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d0": "", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d1": "metals", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d2": "", "5ad22b87d7d075001a428600": "", "5ad22b87d7d075001a428601": "", "5ad22b87d7d075001a428602": "metals, too, gain weight in rusting", "5ad22b87d7d075001a428603": "", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d8": "a covalent double bond", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d9": "two", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0da": "Aufbau,", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0db": "chemically", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0dc": "filling of molecular orbitals formed from the atomic orbitals of the individual oxygen atoms", "5ad24180d7d075001a428970": "the filling of molecular orbitals formed from the atomic orbitals of the individual oxygen atoms", "5ad24180d7d075001a428971": "sequential, low-to-high energy, or Aufbau, filling of orbitals,", "5ad24180d7d075001a428972": "", "5ad24180d7d075001a428973": "", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e2": "", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e3": "1774", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e4": "his work was published", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e5": "Antoine Lavoisier,", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e6": "phlogiston theory of combustion and corrosion", "5ad21ebdd7d075001a428488": "1773 or earlier, and Joseph Priestley in Wiltshire, in 1774,", "5ad21ebdd7d075001a428489": "1773 or earlier, and Joseph Priestley in Wiltshire, in 1774,", "5ad21ebdd7d075001a42848a": "Joseph Priestley", "5ad21ebdd7d075001a42848b": "phlogiston", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ec": "spin triplet state", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ed": "triplet oxygen", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ee": "", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ef": "spontaneous", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0f0": "", "5ad24369d7d075001a4289ea": "triplet oxygen", "5ad24369d7d075001a4289eb": "", "5ad24369d7d075001a4289ec": "", "5ad24369d7d075001a4289ed": "spontaneous combustion", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f6": "part of the trapped air", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f7": "heated in a closed container. He noted that air rushed in when he opened the container, which indicated that part of the trapped air had been consumed. He also noted that the tin had increased in weight", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f8": "", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f9": "1777", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0fa": "azote", "5ad2381dd7d075001a42882a": "azote", "5ad2381dd7d075001a42882b": "azote", "5ad2381dd7d075001a42882c": "1777", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c100": "ozone", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c101": "damaging to lung tissue", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c102": "lung tissue", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c103": "protective radiation shield", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c104": "", "5ad24ce8d7d075001a428c0c": "", "5ad24ce8d7d075001a428c0d": "", "5ad24ce8d7d075001a428c0e": "", "5ad24ce8d7d075001a428c0f": "", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10a": "dioxygen", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10b": "dioxygen", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10c": "dioxygen, O 2.", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10d": "energy content", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10e": "cellular respiration", "5ad24b13d7d075001a428bcc": "dioxygen", "5ad24b13d7d075001a428bcd": "", "5ad24b13d7d075001a428bce": "", "5ad24b13d7d075001a428bcf": "", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c114": "James Dewar", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c115": "1891", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c116": "1895", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c118": "oxyacetylene", "5ad23f8fd7d075001a4288ec": "", "5ad23f8fd7d075001a4288ed": "", "5ad23f8fd7d075001a4288ee": "", "5ad23f8fd7d075001a4288ef": "", "571c96095efbb31900334dbc": "Oxygen", "571c96095efbb31900334dbd": "temperature", "571c96095efbb31900334dbe": "6.04 milliliters", "571c96095efbb31900334dbf": "", "571c96095efbb31900334dc0": "twice", "5ad24de6d7d075001a428c32": "", "5ad24de6d7d075001a428c33": "approximately 1 molecule of dissolved O 2", "5ad24de6d7d075001a428c34": "temperature", "5ad24de6d7d075001a428c35": "", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11e": "the most abundant chemical element", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11f": "third", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c120": "0.9%", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c121": "oceans", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c122": "ultraviolet radiation", "5ad24ff3d7d075001a428ca4": "Oxygen", "5ad24ff3d7d075001a428ca5": "hydrogen and helium", "5ad24ff3d7d075001a428ca6": "Oxygen", "5ad24ff3d7d075001a428ca7": "oxygen", "5ad24ff3d7d075001a428ca8": "", "571caac55efbb31900334dc6": "19th", "571caac55efbb31900334dc7": "compressing and cooling", "571caac55efbb31900334dc8": "Louis Paul Cailletet", "571caac55efbb31900334dc9": "", "571caac55efbb31900334dca": "March 29, 1883", "5ad23eefd7d075001a4288d8": "chemist and physicist", "5ad23eefd7d075001a4288d9": "", "5ad23eefd7d075001a4288da": "Oxygen", "5ad23eefd7d075001a4288db": "", "5ad23eefd7d075001a4288dc": "", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd0": "Sun,", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd1": "oxygen-16", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd2": "Genesis", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd3": "coalescence of dust grains", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd4": "Earth.", "5ad25553d7d075001a428d34": "samples from the Earth, the Moon, Mars, and meteorites,", "5ad25553d7d075001a428d35": "the Sun,", "5ad25553d7d075001a428d36": "", "5ad25553d7d075001a428d37": "Earth.", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c128": "Singlet oxygen", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c129": "common organic molecules", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12a": "photosynthesis", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12b": "photolysis of ozone by light of short wavelength", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12c": "", "5ad245f9d7d075001a428ac0": "", "5ad245f9d7d075001a428ac1": "all the electron spins", "5ad245f9d7d075001a428ac2": "troposphere", "5ad245f9d7d075001a428ac3": "Carotenoids", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c132": "Paleoclimatologists", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c133": "", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c134": "12%", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c135": "oxygen-18", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c136": "warmer", "5ad254a5d7d075001a428d24": "", "5ad254a5d7d075001a428d25": "", "5ad254a5d7d075001a428d26": "12%", "5ad254a5d7d075001a428d27": "", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13c": "687 and 760 nm", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13d": "carbon cycle", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13e": "canopies", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13f": "Oxygen presents two spectrophotometric absorption bands", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c140": "remote sensing", "5ad257e2d7d075001a428d98": "", "5ad257e2d7d075001a428d99": "", "5ad257e2d7d075001a428d9a": "", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c146": "", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c147": "liquid oxygen", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c148": "electrons", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c149": "magnetic field", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c14a": "a bridge", "5ad2456dd7d075001a428aa2": "paramagnetic", "5ad2456dd7d075001a428aa3": "In the triplet form,", "5ad2456dd7d075001a428aa4": "", "571cc5c45efbb31900334dda": "peroxide, superoxide, and singlet oxygen to destroy invading microbes", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddb": "destroy invading microbes", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddc": "hypersensitive response of plants against pathogen attack", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddd": "anaerobic", "571cc5c45efbb31900334dde": "2.5 billion years ago during the Great Oxygenation Event,", "5ad258b4d7d075001a428dda": "toxic to obligately anaerobic organisms", "5ad258b4d7d075001a428ddb": "(O\u2212 2)", "5ad258b4d7d075001a428ddc": "Reactive oxygen species,", "5ad258b4d7d075001a428ddd": "", "5ad258b4d7d075001a428dde": "", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de4": "90.20 K", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de5": "", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de6": "", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de7": "liquid nitrogen", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de8": "combustible", "5ad24eb1d7d075001a428c62": "", "5ad24eb1d7d075001a428c63": "", "5ad24eb1d7d075001a428c64": "", "5ad24eb1d7d075001a428c65": "absorption", "571cc8815efbb31900334dee": "in solution in the world's water bodies", "571cc8815efbb31900334def": "lower", "571cc8815efbb31900334df0": "higher oxygen content", "571cc8815efbb31900334df1": "biochemical oxygen demand", "571cc8815efbb31900334df2": "algae", "5ad252e6d7d075001a428d0c": "", "5ad252e6d7d075001a428d0d": "", "5ad252e6d7d075001a428d0e": "decay of these organisms and other biomaterials", "5ad252e6d7d075001a428d0f": "", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c150": "3.5 billion years ago", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c151": "Paleoproterozoic", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c152": "iron formations", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c153": "1.7 billion years ago", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c154": "3\u20132.7 billion years ago", "5ad25b1cd7d075001a428e66": "", "5ad25b1cd7d075001a428e67": "", "5ad25b1cd7d075001a428e68": "", "5ad25b1cd7d075001a428e69": "", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15a": "oxygen cycle", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15b": "biogeochemical cycle", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15c": "", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15d": "photosynthesis", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15e": "oxygen", "5ad251d6d7d075001a428ce8": "", "5ad251d6d7d075001a428ce9": "", "5ad251d6d7d075001a428cea": "", "5ad251d6d7d075001a428ceb": "photosynthesis", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df8": "pressure swing adsorption", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df9": "", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfa": "nitrogen", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfb": "cryogenic", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfc": "90% to 93% O 2.", "5ad25bf3d7d075001a428e94": "", "5ad25bf3d7d075001a428e95": "", "5ad25bf3d7d075001a428e96": "", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c164": "electrolysis of water", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c165": "Oxygen gas can also be produced through electrolysis of water into molecular oxygen and hydrogen.", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c166": "", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c167": "oxides and oxoacids", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c168": "", "5ad25d05d7d075001a428ed0": "Oxygen gas", "5ad25d05d7d075001a428ed1": "", "5ad25d05d7d075001a428ed2": "Chemical", "5ad25d05d7d075001a428ed3": "", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16e": "recreational", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16f": "", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c170": "", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c171": "aerobic exercise", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c172": "", "5ad26105d7d075001a428ff4": "Oxygen,", "5ad26105d7d075001a428ff5": "", "5ad26105d7d075001a428ff6": "", "5ad26105d7d075001a428ff7": "placebo effect", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e03": "Hyperbaric (high-pressure) medicine", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e04": "carbon monoxide from the heme group of hemoglobin", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e05": "anaerobic bacteria", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e06": "Decompression sickness", "5ad25f35d7d075001a428f6a": "", "5ad25f35d7d075001a428f6b": "", "5ad25f35d7d075001a428f6c": "anaerobic bacteria", "5ad25f35d7d075001a428f6d": "", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c178": "respiration", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c179": "oxygen supplementation", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17a": "heart", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17b": "Oxygen", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17c": "", "5ad25e70d7d075001a428f1c": "", "5ad25e70d7d075001a428f1d": "medicine", "5ad25e70d7d075001a428f1e": "emphysema", "5ad25e70d7d075001a428f1f": "", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c182": "electronegativity", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c183": "electronegativity, oxygen forms chemical bonds with almost all other elements to give corresponding oxides", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c184": "Fe 1 \u2212 xO,", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c185": "chemical bonds with almost all other elements to give corresponding oxides", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c186": "corrosion", "5ad261bad7d075001a429050": "electronegativity", "5ad261bad7d075001a429051": "electronegativity", "5ad261bad7d075001a429052": "", "5ad261bad7d075001a429053": "Fe 1 \u2212 xO,", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18d": "cabin depressurization", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18e": "pressurized", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18f": "exothermic", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c190": "oxygen", "5ad26000d7d075001a428fae": "People who climb mountains or fly in non-pressurized fixed-wing aircraft", "5ad26000d7d075001a428faf": "", "5ad26000d7d075001a428fb0": "O 2", "5ad26000d7d075001a428fb1": "exothermic", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c196": "storage", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c197": "liquid", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c198": "heat exchangers", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c199": "", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c19a": "hospitals and other institutions", "5ad25dd3d7d075001a428f00": "high pressure oxygen tanks", "5ad25dd3d7d075001a428f01": "", "5ad25dd3d7d075001a428f02": "", "5ad25dd3d7d075001a428f03": "", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0c": "organic solvents", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0d": "ethers", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0e": "feeder", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0f": "ethers", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e10": "glycerol, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, citric acid, acetic anhydride, and acetamide. Epoxides are ethers", "5ad262e2d7d075001a4290ca": "acetone", "5ad262e2d7d075001a4290cb": "glycerol, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, citric acid, acetic anhydride, and acetamide", "5ad262e2d7d075001a4290cc": "ketones (R-CO-R); aldehydes (R-CO-H); carboxylic acids (R-COOH); esters", "5ad262e2d7d075001a4290cd": "ketones (R-CO-R); aldehydes (R-CO-H); carboxylic acids (R-COOH); esters", "5ad262e2d7d075001a4290ce": "ketones (R-CO-R); aldehydes (R-CO-H); carboxylic acids (R-COOH); esters", "571cde695efbb31900334e16": "phosphate (PO3\u2212 4) groups", "571cde695efbb31900334e17": "a few", "571cde695efbb31900334e18": "carbohydrates", "571cde695efbb31900334e19": "proteins", "571cde695efbb31900334e1a": "hydroxylapatite", "5ad26479d7d075001a42914e": "The", "5ad26479d7d075001a42914f": "no oxygen", "5ad26479d7d075001a429150": "biologically important energy-carrying molecules", "5ad26479d7d075001a429151": "oxygen", "571ce3745efbb31900334e20": "", "571ce3745efbb31900334e21": "pulmonary fibrosis", "571ce3745efbb31900334e22": "", "571ce3745efbb31900334e23": "", "571ce3745efbb31900334e24": "seizures", "5ad266d0d7d075001a4291ec": "", "5ad266d0d7d075001a4291ed": "", "5ad266d0d7d075001a4291ee": "", "5ad266d0d7d075001a4291ef": "", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2a": "", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2b": "", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2c": "1.4", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2d": "", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2e": "", "5ad265efd7d075001a4291d0": "", "5ad265efd7d075001a4291d1": "low total pressures used", "5ad265efd7d075001a4291d2": "", "5ad265efd7d075001a4291d3": "", "571ce6655efbb31900334e34": "at elevated partial pressures", "571ce6655efbb31900334e35": "partial pressures more than 50 kilopascals", "571ce6655efbb31900334e36": "", "571ce6655efbb31900334e37": "mechanical ventilators", "571ce6655efbb31900334e38": "", "5ad26530d7d075001a4291a0": "at elevated partial pressures", "5ad26530d7d075001a4291a1": "", "5ad26530d7d075001a4291a2": "", "5ad26530d7d075001a4291a3": "", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952d": "October 1973", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952e": "US$3 per barrel to nearly $12", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952f": "1979", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89530": "", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89531": "Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries", "5a38a8d2a4b263001a8c1875": "", "5a38a8d2a4b263001a8c1876": "", "5a38a8d2a4b263001a8c1877": "", "5a38a8d2a4b263001a8c1878": "", "5a38a8d2a4b263001a8c1879": "", "5a75028897ca42001a521daf": "", "5a75028897ca42001a521db0": "Arab members of OPEC plus Egypt and Syria)", "5a75028897ca42001a521db1": "", "5a75028897ca42001a521db2": "", "5a75028897ca42001a521db3": "oil embargo", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd28": "to avoid being targeted by the boycott", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd29": "", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2a": "January 18, 1974,", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2b": "March 1974.", "5a38aa28a4b263001a8c187f": "international relations", "5a38aa28a4b263001a8c1880": "disassociate themselves from United States foreign policy", "5a38aa28a4b263001a8c1881": "any future policy changes", "5a38aa28a4b263001a8c1882": "Israel to pull back from the Sinai Peninsula and the Golan Heights.", "5a38aa28a4b263001a8c1883": "the embargo", "5a7504cb97ca42001a521dc3": "NATO.", "5a7504cb97ca42001a521dc4": "Japan", "5a7504cb97ca42001a521dc5": "Arab oil producers", "5a7504cb97ca42001a521dc6": "multilateral negotiations", "5a7504cb97ca42001a521dc7": "Israel", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4a": "August 15, 1971,", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4b": "rise and fall according to market demand", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4c": "", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4d": "September 1971,", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4e": "September 1971,", "5a38ab9fa4b263001a8c1889": "1971", "5a38ab9fa4b263001a8c188a": "depreciation", "5a38ab9fa4b263001a8c188b": "a joint communiqu\u00e9 stating that, from then on, they would price oil in terms of a fixed amount of gold.", "5a38ab9fa4b263001a8c188c": "", "5a38ab9fa4b263001a8c188d": "", "5a75054b97ca42001a521dcd": "Bretton Woods Accord.", "5a75054b97ca42001a521dce": "Gold Exchange Standard", "5a75054b97ca42001a521dcf": "rise and fall according to market demand", "5a75054b97ca42001a521dd0": "rise and fall according to market demand", "5a75054b97ca42001a521dd1": "September 1971,", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd3": "less than two percent per year", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd4": "1971", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd5": "1973\u20131974", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd6": "", "5a38ace7a4b263001a8c1893": "", "5a38ace7a4b263001a8c1894": "", "5a38ace7a4b263001a8c1895": "lagged", "5a38ace7a4b263001a8c1896": "", "5a38ace7a4b263001a8c1897": "", "5a7505e497ca42001a521de1": "OPEC", "5a7505e497ca42001a521de2": "", "5a7505e497ca42001a521de3": "substantial price increases", "5a7505e497ca42001a521de4": "", "5725bad5271a42140099d0bd": "October 6, 1973,", "5725bad5271a42140099d0be": "Iran", "5725bad5271a42140099d0bf": "ten", "5725bad5271a42140099d0c0": "Iran", "5725bad5271a42140099d0c1": "", "5a38b07ca4b263001a8c189d": "launched a surprise attack", "5a38b07ca4b263001a8c189e": "", "5a38b07ca4b263001a8c189f": "rise... Certainly! And how!... You've [Western nations] increased the price of the wheat you sell us by 300 percent, and the same for sugar and cement... You buy our crude oil and sell it back to us, refined as petrochemicals, at a hundred times the price you've paid us... It's only fair that, from now on, you should pay more for oil. Let's say ten times more.\"", "5a38b07ca4b263001a8c18a0": "300 percent", "5a38b07ca4b263001a8c18a1": "petrochemicals", "5a75066297ca42001a521de9": "launched a surprise attack", "5a75066297ca42001a521dea": "October 6, 1973,", "5a75066297ca42001a521deb": "second-largest", "5a75066297ca42001a521dec": "close US ally.", "5a75066297ca42001a521ded": "ten times more", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0eb": "October 16, 1973,", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ec": "October 16, 1973,", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ed": "", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ee": "$2.2 billion", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ef": "a \"principal hostile country\"", "5a38b29da4b263001a8c18a7": "raised the posted price of oil by 70%, to $5.11 a barrel", "5a38b29da4b263001a8c18a8": "", "5a38b29da4b263001a8c18a9": "", "5a38b29da4b263001a8c18aa": "it would embargo oil shipments to the United States.", "5a38b29da4b263001a8c18ab": "", "5a75082a97ca42001a521df3": "raised", "5a75082a97ca42001a521df4": "70%", "5a75082a97ca42001a521df5": "$5.11 a barrel", "5a75082a97ca42001a521df6": "Libya", "5a75082a97ca42001a521df7": "October 20, 1973.", "57261dab38643c19005ad037": "over 100 billion dollars", "57261dab38643c19005ad038": "Al-Qaeda and the Taliban.", "57261dab38643c19005ad039": "Middle East.", "57261dab38643c19005ad03a": "higher oil prices and lower prices for their own export commodities", "57261dab38643c19005ad03b": "Wahhabism,", "5a38b468a4b263001a8c18b1": "over 100 billion dollars", "5a38b468a4b263001a8c18b2": "shrinking Western demand.", "5a38b468a4b263001a8c18b3": "", "5a38b468a4b263001a8c18b4": "Wahhabism,", "5a38b468a4b263001a8c18b5": "shrinking Western demand.", "57261f9f271a42140099d4a9": "price disruptions", "57261f9f271a42140099d4aa": "the USSR", "57261f9f271a42140099d4ab": "1973", "57261f9f271a42140099d4ac": "Kissinger's dominance.", "5a38b5bca4b263001a8c18bb": "", "5a38b5bca4b263001a8c18bc": "", "5a38b5bca4b263001a8c18bd": "", "5a38b5bca4b263001a8c18be": "", "5a38b5bca4b263001a8c18bf": "energy", "5726241189a1e219009ac2de": "The embargo", "5726241189a1e219009ac2df": "automobiles", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e0": "Macroeconomic", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e1": "Arctic.", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e2": "five to ten years", "5a38b819a4b263001a8c18c5": "", "5a38b819a4b263001a8c18c6": "", "5a38b819a4b263001a8c18c7": "", "5a38b819a4b263001a8c18c8": "inflationary and deflationary impacts", "5a38b819a4b263001a8c18c9": "new ways to increase oil supplies", "5726487b5951b619008f6edd": "Netherlands", "5726487b5951b619008f6ede": "America", "5726487b5951b619008f6edf": "The UK", "5726487b5951b619008f6ee0": "", "5726487b5951b619008f6ee1": "Ted Heath,", "5a38b9b3a4b263001a8c18cf": "not uniform", "5a38b9b3a4b263001a8c18d0": "", "5a38b9b3a4b263001a8c18d1": "the Israelis", "5a38b9b3a4b263001a8c18d2": "Israel,", "5a38b9b3a4b263001a8c18d3": "", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db36": "", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db37": "a series of strikes by coal miners and railroad workers", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db38": "winter of 1973\u201374", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db39": "The UK, Germany, Italy, Switzerland and Norway", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db3a": "Sweden", "5a38baa2a4b263001a8c18d9": "flying, driving and boating", "5a38baa2a4b263001a8c18da": "", "5a38baa2a4b263001a8c18db": "prison sentences", "5a38baa2a4b263001a8c18dc": "", "5a38baa2a4b263001a8c18dd": "", "57264cac708984140094c1b3": "Price controls", "57264cac708984140094c1b4": "to encourage investment", "57264cac708984140094c1b5": "creating greater scarcity", "57264cac708984140094c1b7": "rationing", "5a38bbe3a4b263001a8c18e3": "to encourage investment", "5a38bbe3a4b263001a8c18e4": "greater scarcity", "5a38bbe3a4b263001a8c18e5": "oil exploration", "5a38bbe3a4b263001a8c18e6": "rationing", "5a38bbe3a4b263001a8c18e7": "greater scarcity", "57264d9edd62a815002e80fe": "William E. Simon", "57264d9edd62a815002e80ff": "William E. Simon as the first Administrator of the Federal Energy Office,", "57264d9edd62a815002e8100": "to coordinate the response to the embargo", "57264d9edd62a815002e8101": "20%", "5a38bd58a4b263001a8c18ed": "", "5a38bd58a4b263001a8c18ee": "Administrator of the Federal Energy Office,", "5a38bd58a4b263001a8c18ef": "coordinate the response to the embargo", "5a38bd58a4b263001a8c18f0": "", "5a38bd58a4b263001a8c18f1": "", "57264efddd62a815002e8134": "1974", "57264efddd62a815002e8135": "Emergency Highway Energy Conservation Act.", "57264efddd62a815002e8136": "", "57264efddd62a815002e8137": "November 28, 1995,", "57264efddd62a815002e8138": "1977", "5a38bf63a4b263001a8c18f7": "", "5a38bf63a4b263001a8c18f8": "Emergency Highway Energy Conservation Act.", "5a38bf63a4b263001a8c18f9": "", "5a38bf63a4b263001a8c18fa": "", "5a38bf63a4b263001a8c18fb": "", "572650325951b619008f6fa9": "The energy crisis", "572650325951b619008f6faa": "market and technology realities", "572650325951b619008f6fab": "congresses and presidents", "5a38c16aa4b263001a8c1901": "", "5a38c16aa4b263001a8c1902": "", "5a38c16aa4b263001a8c1903": "", "5a38c16aa4b263001a8c1904": "", "5a38c16aa4b263001a8c1905": "", "57265200708984140094c237": "U.S.", "57265200708984140094c238": "British Prime Minister Edward Heath", "57265200708984140094c239": "10 years", "57265200708984140094c23a": "Arabs and much of the rest of the Third World.\"", "5a38c34ea4b263001a8c190b": "", "5a38c34ea4b263001a8c190c": "declassified documents", "5a38c34ea4b263001a8c190d": "", "5a38c34ea4b263001a8c190e": "a British intelligence estimate of U.S. intentions,", "5a38c34ea4b263001a8c190f": "not involve force", "57265360dd62a815002e819a": "Japan", "57265360dd62a815002e819b": "71%", "57265360dd62a815002e819c": "change its noninvolvement policy", "57265360dd62a815002e819d": "November 22,", "57265360dd62a815002e819e": "December 25,", "5a38c6bca4b263001a8c1915": "Japan", "5a38c6bca4b263001a8c1916": "", "5a38c6bca4b263001a8c1917": "It received a 5% production cut", "5a38c6bca4b263001a8c1918": "November 7, 1973,", "5a38c6bca4b263001a8c1919": "a panic", "57265526708984140094c2bd": "The USSR's invasion of Afghanistan", "57265526708984140094c2be": "Saudi Arabia and Iran", "57265526708984140094c2bf": "", "57265526708984140094c2c0": "", "57265526708984140094c2c1": "November 1979", "5a38c911a4b263001a8c191f": "Afghanistan", "5a38c911a4b263001a8c1920": "increased American weapons sales, technology, and outright military presence.", "5a38c911a4b263001a8c1921": "", "5a38c911a4b263001a8c1922": "", "5a38c911a4b263001a8c1923": "absolutist", "5726581fdd62a815002e823a": "large", "5726581fdd62a815002e823b": "Honda Accord", "5726581fdd62a815002e823c": "six cylinder", "5726581fdd62a815002e823d": "Japanese", "5a38cd93a4b263001a8c1929": "", "5a38cd93a4b263001a8c192a": "", "5a38cd93a4b263001a8c192b": "front-wheel drive", "5a38cd93a4b263001a8c192c": "", "5a38cd93a4b263001a8c192d": "", "572659535951b619008f703f": "1981", "572659535951b619008f7040": "Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810,", "572659535951b619008f7041": "passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking", "572659535951b619008f7042": "(Acura, Lexus and Infiniti,", "5a38ceaaa4b263001a8c1933": "", "5a38ceaaa4b263001a8c1934": "", "5a38ceaaa4b263001a8c1935": "their mass-market brands", "5a38ceaaa4b263001a8c1936": "small size of the first Japanese compacts,", "5a38ceaaa4b263001a8c1937": "", "57265a58dd62a815002e8270": "Toyota Hilux and the Datsun Truck,", "57265a58dd62a815002e8271": "Dodge D-50", "57265a58dd62a815002e8272": "Ford, Chrysler, and GM,", "57265a58dd62a815002e8273": "captive import policy", "5a38d2f9a4b263001a8c193d": "Dodge D-50", "5a38d2f9a4b263001a8c193e": "Chevrolet LUV.", "5a38d2f9a4b263001a8c193f": "Ford, Chrysler, and GM,", "5a38d2f9a4b263001a8c1940": "captive import policy", "5a38d2f9a4b263001a8c1941": "", "57265bdfdd62a815002e829e": "", "57265bdfdd62a815002e829f": "four", "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a0": "", "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a1": "The Cadillac DeVille and Fleetwood, Buick Electra, Oldsmobile 98, Lincoln Continental, Mercury Marquis, and various other luxury oriented sedans", "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a2": "lower price models such as the Chevrolet Bel Air, and Ford Galaxie 500.", "5a38d4b9a4b263001a8c1947": "introduce smaller and fuel-efficient models for domestic sales", "5a38d4b9a4b263001a8c1948": "", "5a38d4b9a4b263001a8c1949": "$12", "5a38d4b9a4b263001a8c194a": "Chevrolet Bel Air, and Ford Galaxie 500.", "5a38d4b9a4b263001a8c194b": "", "57265ceddd62a815002e82b8": "1979", "57265ceddd62a815002e82b9": "1981", "57265ceddd62a815002e82ba": "", "5a38d6e6a4b263001a8c1951": "", "5a38d6e6a4b263001a8c1952": "1981", "5a38d6e6a4b263001a8c1953": "", "5a38d6e6a4b263001a8c1954": "full-sized cars reflected the crisis. By 1979, virtually all \"full-size\" American cars had shrunk, featuring smaller engines and smaller outside dimensions. Chrysler ended production of their full-sized luxury sedans at the end of the 1981 model year, moving instead to a full front-wheel drive", "5a38d6e6a4b263001a8c1955": "Dodge Diplomat/Plymouth Gran Fury and Chrysler New Yorker Fifth Avenue sedans).", "57265e11708984140094c3bb": "1981", "57265e11708984140094c3bc": "1980s", "57265e11708984140094c3bd": "", "57265e11708984140094c3be": "$40 per barrel", "5a38d93da4b263001a8c195b": "1981", "5a38d93da4b263001a8c195c": "", "5a38d93da4b263001a8c195d": "shrinking or eliminating profits for high-cost producers", "5a38d93da4b263001a8c195e": "", "5a38d93da4b263001a8c195f": "", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5d": "a body of treaties and legislation", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5e": "Treaties establishing the European Union.", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5f": "", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd60": "European Parliament and the Council of the European Union,", "5725c28a271a42140099d14d": "a body of treaties and legislation", "5725c28a271a42140099d14e": "direct effect", "5725c28a271a42140099d14f": "primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", "5725c28a271a42140099d150": "European Parliament and the Council of the European Union,", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f0": "primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f1": "Treaties establishing the European Union.", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f2": "European Parliament and the Council of the European Union,", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f3": "three", "5ad108f9645df0001a2d0a74": "primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", "5ad108f9645df0001a2d0a75": "", "5ad108f9645df0001a2d0a76": "", "5ad108f9645df0001a2d0a77": "", "5ad108f9645df0001a2d0a78": "European Parliament", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d1": "courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union.", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d2": "the courts of member states", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d4": "European Court of Justice", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d5": "", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d503": "Court of Justice of the European Union.", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d504": "Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d505": "The European Court of Justice", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d506": "", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890a": "courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union.", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890b": "the courts of member states", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890c": "European Court of Justice", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890d": "", "5ad10e0f645df0001a2d0b72": "courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union.", "5ad10e0f645df0001a2d0b73": "the courts of member states", "5ad10e0f645df0001a2d0b74": "the member state", "5ad10e0f645df0001a2d0b75": "", "5ad10e0f645df0001a2d0b76": "", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d549": "", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54a": "The European Commission", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54b": "", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54c": "The European Court of Justice", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54d": "", "5ad10ece645df0001a2d0b98": "", "5ad10ece645df0001a2d0b99": "", "5ad10ece645df0001a2d0b9a": "", "5ad10ece645df0001a2d0b9b": "", "5ad10ece645df0001a2d0b9c": "", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb4": "The TEU", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb5": "Faroe Islands,", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb6": "", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb7": "if the Treaty provisions have a direct effect and they are sufficiently clear, precise and unconditional.", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb8": "as soon as they enter into force", "57268d2ddd62a815002e894e": "founding treaties", "57268d2ddd62a815002e894f": "Gibraltar and the \u00c5land islands.", "57268d2ddd62a815002e8950": "as soon as they enter into force, unless stated otherwise", "57268d2ddd62a815002e8951": "The Court of Justice of the European Union", "5ad10f94645df0001a2d0bc4": "", "5ad10f94645df0001a2d0bc5": "", "5ad10f94645df0001a2d0bc6": "", "5ad10f94645df0001a2d0bc7": "", "5ad10f94645df0001a2d0bc8": "", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bb": "", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bc": "", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bd": "", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5be": "", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bf": "Greenland", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b0": "", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b1": "1985", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b2": "1986", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b3": "1985", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b4": "1985", "5ad11097645df0001a2d0be0": "", "5ad11097645df0001a2d0be1": "", "5ad11097645df0001a2d0be2": "", "5ad11097645df0001a2d0be3": "", "5ad11097645df0001a2d0be4": "1994", "57264865dd62a815002e8062": "", "57264865dd62a815002e8063": "", "57264865dd62a815002e8064": "", "57264865dd62a815002e8065": "amending", "57264865dd62a815002e8066": "it did not completely replace them.", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c4": "", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c5": "a single constitutional document", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c6": "", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c7": "", "5ad11186645df0001a2d0bfe": "", "5ad11186645df0001a2d0bff": "", "5ad11186645df0001a2d0c00": "", "5ad11186645df0001a2d0c01": "", "5ad11186645df0001a2d0c02": "", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808c": "", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808d": "", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808e": "The Commission's President", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808f": "one", "57264a8cdd62a815002e8090": "Federica Mogherini).", "572691545951b619008f76e1": "", "572691545951b619008f76e2": "The Commission's President", "572691545951b619008f76e3": "", "572691545951b619008f76e4": "Since Ireland", "572691545951b619008f76e5": "", "5ad11288645df0001a2d0c30": "", "5ad11288645df0001a2d0c31": "", "5ad11288645df0001a2d0c32": "", "5ad11288645df0001a2d0c33": "", "5ad11288645df0001a2d0c34": "", "57264e455951b619008f6f65": "Santer Commission", "57264e455951b619008f6f66": "a Commissioner giving her dentist a job, for which he was clearly unqualified, did in fact not break any law.", "57264e455951b619008f6f67": "Committee of Independent Experts", "57264e455951b619008f6f68": "European Council,", "57264e455951b619008f6f69": "The President of the Council and a Commissioner can sit in on ECB meetings, but do not have voting rights.", "5726926a5951b619008f7709": "1999", "5726926a5951b619008f770a": "", "5726926a5951b619008f770b": "Committee of Independent Experts", "5726926a5951b619008f770c": "European Anti-fraud Office.", "5726926a5951b619008f770d": "", "5ad11374645df0001a2d0c6c": "", "5ad11374645df0001a2d0c6d": "", "5ad11374645df0001a2d0c6e": "", "5ad11374645df0001a2d0c6f": "", "5ad11374645df0001a2d0c70": "", "5726545f708984140094c2a5": "different ministers of the member states", "5726545f708984140094c2a6": "Poland Prime Minister Donald Tusk)", "5726545f708984140094c2a7": "", "5726545f708984140094c2a8": "352", "5726545f708984140094c2a9": "260", "57269424dd62a815002e8a1e": "", "57269424dd62a815002e8a1f": "each six months", "57269424dd62a815002e8a20": "", "57269424dd62a815002e8a21": "", "5ad1373b645df0001a2d11cc": "", "5ad1373b645df0001a2d11cd": "", "5ad1373b645df0001a2d11ce": "Donald Tusk)", "5ad1373b645df0001a2d11cf": "", "5ad1373b645df0001a2d11d0": "", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fa": "qualified majority", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fb": "qualified majority", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fc": "harder", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fd": "articles 4 and 5", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fe": "Court of Justice", "572695285951b619008f774b": "294", "572695285951b619008f774c": "a majority in Parliament, a minority in the Council, and a majority in the Commission:", "572695285951b619008f774d": "articles 4 and 5", "572695285951b619008f774e": "", "5ad138f4645df0001a2d1258": "", "5ad138f4645df0001a2d1259": "", "5ad138f4645df0001a2d125a": "", "5ad138f4645df0001a2d125b": "", "5ad138f4645df0001a2d125c": "", "572658435951b619008f7025": "judicial", "572658435951b619008f7026": "Court of Justice of the European Union", "572658435951b619008f7027": "28", "572658435951b619008f7028": "English Court of Appeal,", "572658435951b619008f7029": "\"ensure that in the interpretation and application of the Treaties the law is observed\",", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e484": "assuming the task of interpreting the treaties, and accelerating economic and political integration", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e485": "Court of Justice of the European Union", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e486": "Civil Service Tribunal", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e487": "three years", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e488": "\"ensure that in the interpretation and application of the Treaties the law is observed\",", "5ad139b2645df0001a2d1292": "", "5ad139b2645df0001a2d1293": "", "5ad139b2645df0001a2d1294": "", "5ad139b2645df0001a2d1295": "", "5ad139b2645df0001a2d1296": "", "57265e455951b619008f70bb": "EU law", "57265e455951b619008f70bc": "the nationalisation law was from 1962, and the treaty was in force from 1958", "57265e455951b619008f70bd": "1964 and 1968", "5726975c708984140094cb1f": "European Court of Justice and the highest national courts", "5726975c708984140094cb20": "1964", "5726975c708984140094cb21": "Court of Justice", "5ad13b23645df0001a2d12f8": "the EU", "5ad13b23645df0001a2d12f9": "European Court of Justice and the highest national courts", "5ad13b23645df0001a2d12fa": "", "5ad13b23645df0001a2d12fb": "", "572699db5951b619008f7799": "", "572699db5951b619008f779a": "", "572699db5951b619008f779b": "", "572699db5951b619008f779c": "", "572699db5951b619008f779d": "the ultimate authority of member states, its factual commitment to human rights, and the democratic will of the people", "5ad13dbb645df0001a2d1368": "", "5ad13dbb645df0001a2d1369": "Parliament, as the sovereign expression of democratic legitimacy,", "5ad13dbb645df0001a2d136a": "", "5ad13dbb645df0001a2d136b": "", "5ad13dbb645df0001a2d136c": "", "57269aa65951b619008f77ab": "administrative law", "57269aa65951b619008f77ac": "1986", "57269aa65951b619008f77ad": "All actions", "57269aa65951b619008f77ae": "constitutional law", "5ad13ef3645df0001a2d138c": "", "5ad13ef3645df0001a2d138d": "1986", "5ad13ef3645df0001a2d138e": "", "5ad13ef3645df0001a2d138f": "", "5ad13ef3645df0001a2d1390": "", "57269bb8708984140094cb95": "Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen", "57269bb8708984140094cb96": "article 30", "57269bb8708984140094cb97": "postal", "57269bb8708984140094cb98": "they are \u2018directly applicable in all Member States\u2019.", "5ad14012645df0001a2d13b0": "", "5ad14012645df0001a2d13b1": "", "5ad14012645df0001a2d13b2": "", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b12": "Directives", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b13": "4 weeks", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b14": "", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b15": "early 1990s", "5ad140ab645df0001a2d13ca": "", "5ad140ab645df0001a2d13cb": "", "5ad140ab645df0001a2d13cc": "", "5ad140ab645df0001a2d13cd": "", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e516": "the member state cannot enforce conflicting laws", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e517": "the member state cannot enforce conflicting laws", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e518": "10 years", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e519": "Swedex GmbH & Co KG", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e51a": "60", "5ad141e1645df0001a2d1402": "", "5ad141e1645df0001a2d1403": "", "5ad141e1645df0001a2d1404": "", "5ad141e1645df0001a2d1405": "it can be invoked between private non-state parties before its deadline for implementation", "5ad141e1645df0001a2d1406": "", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e534": "national", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e535": "", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e536": "set up an insurance fund for employees to claim unpaid wages", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e537": "6 million Lira", "5ad14337645df0001a2d145a": "", "5ad14337645df0001a2d145b": "", "5ad14337645df0001a2d145c": "", "5ad14337645df0001a2d145d": "", "5ad14337645df0001a2d145e": "", "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e550": "European Court of Justice", "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e551": "fundamental rights (see human rights), proportionality, legal certainty, equality before the law and subsidiarity", "5ad14468645df0001a2d148a": "", "5ad14468645df0001a2d148b": "", "5ad14468645df0001a2d148c": "", "5ad14468645df0001a2d148d": "", "5726a09f708984140094cc39": "1950s", "5726a09f708984140094cc3a": "Article 5", "5726a09f708984140094cc3b": "", "5ad14573645df0001a2d14b0": "", "5ad14573645df0001a2d14b1": "", "5ad14573645df0001a2d14b2": "", "5ad14573645df0001a2d14b3": "", "5ad14573645df0001a2d14b4": "", "5726a14c708984140094cc51": "1960s", "5726a14c708984140094cc52": "", "5726a14c708984140094cc53": "a proper legal basis", "5726a14c708984140094cc54": "legal certainty and good faith", "5ad146c0645df0001a2d1504": "", "5ad146c0645df0001a2d1505": "", "5ad146c0645df0001a2d1506": "", "5ad146c0645df0001a2d1507": "proper legal basis", "5ad146c0645df0001a2d1508": "so that it is clearly understandable by those who are subject to the law", "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b86": "constitutional traditions common to the member states", "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b87": "fundamental rights", "5ad14816645df0001a2d1540": "", "5ad14816645df0001a2d1541": "", "5ad14816645df0001a2d1542": "", "5ad14816645df0001a2d1543": "", "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9e": "None", "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9f": "member states", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba0": "1950", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba1": "European Court of Human Rights.", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba2": "1999", "5ad14966645df0001a2d1580": "", "5ad14966645df0001a2d1581": "member states", "5ad14966645df0001a2d1582": "1950 and the establishment of the European Court of Human Rights. The European Court of Justice recognised fundamental rights as general principle of European Union law as the need to ensure that European Union measures are compatible with the human rights enshrined in member states' constitution became ever more apparent. In 1999", "5ad14966645df0001a2d1583": "", "5ad14966645df0001a2d1584": "", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59e": "", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59f": "Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a0": "European Union law,", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a1": "European Court of Justice", "5ad14a28645df0001a2d159e": "", "5ad14a28645df0001a2d159f": "", "5ad14a28645df0001a2d15a0": "", "5ad14a28645df0001a2d15a1": "", "5ad14a28645df0001a2d15a2": "", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5ae": "Treaty of Amsterdam", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5af": "", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b0": "1989", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b1": "30", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b2": "40", "5ad14b2e645df0001a2d15ea": "", "5ad14b2e645df0001a2d15eb": "", "5ad14b2e645df0001a2d15ec": "", "5ad14b2e645df0001a2d15ed": "", "5ad14b2e645df0001a2d15ee": "", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd0": "11", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd1": "The UK", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd2": "\"Social Chapter\"", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd3": "1989", "5ad14d8e645df0001a2d16b6": "", "5ad14d8e645df0001a2d16b7": "", "5ad14d8e645df0001a2d16b8": "The UK", "5ad14d8e645df0001a2d16b9": "", "5ad14d8e645df0001a2d16ba": "", "5726a5525951b619008f78dd": "Following the election of the UK Labour Party to government in 1997, the UK formally subscribed to the Agreement on Social Policy, which allowed it to be included with minor amendments", "5726a5525951b619008f78de": "1997", "5726a5525951b619008f78df": "Works Council Directive,", "5726a5525951b619008f78e0": "1997", "5726a5525951b619008f78e1": "workforce consultation in businesses", "5ad14e86645df0001a2d16de": "", "5ad14e86645df0001a2d16df": "", "5ad14e86645df0001a2d16e0": "", "5ad14e86645df0001a2d16e1": "", "5ad14e86645df0001a2d16e2": "", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf6": "France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Germany", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf7": "1951", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf8": "cartels", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf9": "article 66", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bfa": "1957", "5ad14f5a645df0001a2d1710": "member states", "5ad14f5a645df0001a2d1711": "prevent Germany from re-establishing dominance in the production of coal and steel", "5ad14f5a645df0001a2d1712": "", "5ad14f5a645df0001a2d1713": "", "5ad14f5a645df0001a2d1714": "", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e654": "Article 101(1),", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e655": "anti-competitive agreements in Article 101(1), including price fixing. According to Article 101(2) any such agreements are automatically void. Article 101(3) establishes exemptions, if the collusion is for distributional or technological innovation, gives consumers a \"fair share\" of the benefit and does not include unreasonable restraints that risk eliminating competition anywhere (or compliant with the general principle of European Union law of proportionality). Article 102 prohibits the abuse of dominant position,", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e656": "Articles 106 and 107", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e657": "Article 102", "5ad15059645df0001a2d1722": "", "5ad15059645df0001a2d1723": "", "5ad15059645df0001a2d1724": "", "5ad15059645df0001a2d1725": "Articles 106 and 107", "5ad15059645df0001a2d1726": "", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b55": "2007", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b56": "since the Treaty of Rome 1957.", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b57": "consumer prices", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b58": "free trade", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b59": "Court of Justice", "5ad15170645df0001a2d1734": "", "5ad15170645df0001a2d1735": "", "5ad15170645df0001a2d1736": "", "5ad15170645df0001a2d1737": "", "5ad15170645df0001a2d1738": "", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbe": "customs union", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbf": "", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc0": "private actors", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc1": "", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc2": "protest", "5ad15289645df0001a2d175a": "", "5ad15289645df0001a2d175b": "", "5ad15289645df0001a2d175c": "", "5ad15289645df0001a2d175d": "", "5ad15289645df0001a2d175e": "", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e8": "25 per cent", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e9": "France,", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ea": "2009", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8eb": "cocoa butter", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ec": "", "5ad153e9645df0001a2d1796": "25", "5ad153e9645df0001a2d1797": "", "5ad153e9645df0001a2d1798": "The Court of Justice", "5ad153e9645df0001a2d1799": "", "5726ba2c708984140094cf59": "Mithouard", "5726ba2c708984140094cf5a": "prevent cut throat competition", "5726ba2c708984140094cf5b": "De Agostini", "5726ba2c708984140094cf5c": "Unfair Commercial Practices Directive,", "5ad1556e645df0001a2d17da": "Mithouard", "5ad1556e645df0001a2d17db": "", "5ad1556e645df0001a2d17dc": "", "5ad1556e645df0001a2d17dd": "", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e74": "people to pursue their life goals in any country", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e75": "European Community", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e76": "citizenship", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e77": "Steymann v Staatssecretaris van Justitie,", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e78": "stay", "5ad15676645df0001a2d17f6": "", "5ad15676645df0001a2d17f7": "", "5ad15676645df0001a2d17f8": "", "5ad15676645df0001a2d17f9": "", "5ad15676645df0001a2d17fa": "", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea6": "1 to 7", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea7": "Jean-Marc Bosman", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea8": "Gaelic", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea9": "Hendrix v Employee Insurance Institute", "5726bc1add62a815002e8eaa": "3 and 14 hours", "5ad157cf645df0001a2d1814": "", "5ad157cf645df0001a2d1815": "", "5ad157cf645df0001a2d1816": "Jean-Marc Bosman", "5ad157cf645df0001a2d1817": "", "5ad157cf645df0001a2d1818": "public policy, public security or public health", "5726bcde708984140094cfbf": "Citizenship of the EU", "5726bcde708984140094cfc0": "the number of social services that people can access wherever they move", "5726bcde708984140094cfc1": "Commission v Austria", "5726bcde708984140094cfc2": "higher education", "5ad158c0645df0001a2d1828": "", "5ad158c0645df0001a2d1829": "", "5ad158c0645df0001a2d182a": "Commission v Austria", "5ad158c0645df0001a2d182b": "", "5726c002708984140094d073": "Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union", "5726c002708984140094d074": "non-discriminatory", "5726c002708984140094d075": "Reyners v Belgium", "5726c002708984140094d076": "article 49", "5726c002708984140094d077": "Commission v Italy", "5ad15a11645df0001a2d1856": "", "5ad15a11645df0001a2d1857": "", "5ad15a11645df0001a2d1858": "", "5ad15a11645df0001a2d1859": "", "5ad15a11645df0001a2d185a": "", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8a": "2006", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8b": "shipping toxic waste", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8c": "October 2007,", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8d": "", "5ad15d77645df0001a2d18c0": "2006", "5ad15d77645df0001a2d18c1": "", "5ad15d77645df0001a2d18c2": "", "5ad15d77645df0001a2d18c3": "", "5726c3da708984140094d0d9": "people who give services \"for remuneration\"", "5726c3da708984140094d0da": "only people established in the Netherlands could give legal advice.", "5726c3da708984140094d0db": "narcotic drugs", "5726c3da708984140094d0dc": "the treatment", "5ad15c52645df0001a2d18ac": "", "5ad15c52645df0001a2d18ad": "only people established in the Netherlands", "5ad15c52645df0001a2d18ae": "", "5ad15c52645df0001a2d18af": "the treatment", "5ad15c52645df0001a2d18b0": "hospital services", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac4": "Daily Mail", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac5": "\u00a31", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac6": "\u00a31", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac7": "creditor protection, labour rights to participate in work, or the public interest in collecting taxes", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac8": "\u00dcberseering BV v Nordic Construction GmbH", "5ad15b19645df0001a2d187e": "R (Daily Mail and General Trust plc) v HM Treasury", "5ad15b19645df0001a2d187f": "Daily Mail newspaper's", "5ad15b19645df0001a2d1880": "", "5ad15b19645df0001a2d1881": "", "5ad15b19645df0001a2d1882": "", "5725b81b271a42140099d097": "Amazonia", "5725b81b271a42140099d098": "5,500,000", "5725b81b271a42140099d099": "nine", "5725b81b271a42140099d09a": "four", "5725b81b271a42140099d09b": "over half", "5728349dff5b5019007d9efe": "Amazonia", "5728349dff5b5019007d9eff": "", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f00": "Brazil,", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f01": "over half", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f02": "16,000", "5729e2316aef0514001550c4": "moist broadleaf", "5729e2316aef0514001550c5": "", "5729e2316aef0514001550c6": "nine", "5729e2316aef0514001550c7": "Brazil,", "5729e2316aef0514001550c8": "390 billion", "5a0c6698f5590b0018dab3e4": "", "5a0c6698f5590b0018dab3e5": "", "5a0c6698f5590b0018dab3e6": "", "5a0c6698f5590b0018dab3e7": "nine", "5a0c6698f5590b0018dab3e8": "", "5725be0f271a42140099d117": "wetter", "5725be0f271a42140099d118": "", "5725be0f271a42140099d119": "the Oligocene,", "5725be0f271a42140099d11a": "last glacial maximum", "5725be0f271a42140099d11b": "allowing for the survival and evolution of a broad diversity of species", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f94": "", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f95": "45", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f96": "Climate fluctuations", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f97": "the Oligocene,", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f98": "expanded", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b5": "Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b6": "66\u201334 Mya,", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b7": "Middle Miocene,", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b8": "Middle Miocene, then retracted to a mostly inland formation at the last glacial maximum.", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b9": "", "5a0c677bf5590b0018dab3ee": "", "5a0c677bf5590b0018dab3ef": "dinosaurs", "5a0c677bf5590b0018dab3f0": "", "5a0c677bf5590b0018dab3f1": "", "5a0c677bf5590b0018dab3f2": "", "5725c071271a42140099d127": "along the middle of the continent by the Purus Arch.", "5725c071271a42140099d128": "toward the Atlantic,", "5725c071271a42140099d129": "Solim\u00f5es Basin.", "5725c071271a42140099d12a": "5\u201310 million years", "5725c071271a42140099d12b": "", "57283d173acd2414000df78f": "", "57283d173acd2414000df790": "", "57283d173acd2414000df791": "", "57283d173acd2414000df792": "", "57283d173acd2414000df793": "", "5729e6313f37b319004785a9": "mid-Eocene,", "5729e6313f37b319004785aa": "", "5729e6313f37b319004785ab": "the Atlantic,", "5729e6313f37b319004785ac": "", "5729e6313f37b319004785ad": "Solim\u00f5es Basin.", "5a0c6a7ef5590b0018dab3f8": "", "5a0c6a7ef5590b0018dab3f9": "", "5a0c6a7ef5590b0018dab3fa": "", "5a0c6a7ef5590b0018dab3fb": "", "5a0c6a7ef5590b0018dab3fc": "", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50b": "Last Glacial Maximum", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50c": "rainfall in the basin during the LGM was lower than for the present,", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50d": "the rainforest was reduced to small, isolated refugia separated by open forest and grassland; other scientists argue that the rainforest remained largely intact but extended less far to the north, south, and east", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50e": "", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50f": "by the available data", "572841772ca10214002da1a6": "21,000", "572841772ca10214002da1a7": "Last Glacial Maximum", "572841772ca10214002da1a8": "sediment deposits", "572841772ca10214002da1a9": "reduced moist tropical vegetation cover in the basin", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa779": "21,000", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77a": "sediment", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77b": "moist tropical", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77c": "open forest and grassland", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77d": "data sampling is biased away from the center of the Amazon basin,", "5a0c6c78f5590b0018dab402": "", "5a0c6c78f5590b0018dab403": "", "5a0c6c78f5590b0018dab404": "", "5a0c6c78f5590b0018dab405": "", "5725c63438643c19005acc9f": "CALIPSO", "5725c63438643c19005acca0": "", "5725c63438643c19005acca1": "1,600", "5725c63438643c19005acca2": "", "5725c63438643c19005acca3": "132 million", "5728455bff5b5019007da078": "CALIPSO satellite", "5728455bff5b5019007da079": "182 million tons", "5728455bff5b5019007da07a": "", "5728455bff5b5019007da07b": "132 million tons", "5728455bff5b5019007da07c": "", "5729ea263f37b319004785bd": "CALIPSO", "5729ea263f37b319004785be": "CALIPSO", "5729ea263f37b319004785bf": "", "5729ea263f37b319004785c0": "1,600", "5729ea263f37b319004785c1": "", "5a0c6d26f5590b0018dab40a": "", "5a0c6d26f5590b0018dab40b": "", "5a0c6d26f5590b0018dab40c": "", "5a0c6d26f5590b0018dab40d": "", "5a0c6d26f5590b0018dab40e": "", "5725c95f38643c19005accf3": "Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise.", "5725c95f38643c19005accf4": "", "5725c95f38643c19005accf5": "agriculture", "5725c95f38643c19005accf6": "recent anthropological findings", "5725c95f38643c19005accf7": "Some 5 million", "572847dd4b864d19001648bc": "", "572847dd4b864d19001648bd": "", "572847dd4b864d19001648be": "0.2", "572847dd4b864d19001648bf": "Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise.", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6c9": "", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6ca": "", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cb": "0.2", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cc": "Some 5 million", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cd": "less than 200,000", "5a0c77e3f5590b0018dab414": "Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise.", "5a0c77e3f5590b0018dab415": "", "5a0c77e3f5590b0018dab416": "", "5a0c77e3f5590b0018dab417": "agriculture", "5a0c77e3f5590b0018dab418": "", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed2": "Francisco de Orellana", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed3": "1540s", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed4": "smallpox", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed5": "between AD 0\u20131250,", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed6": "AD 0\u20131250,", "5729edd56aef051400155112": "Francisco de Orellana", "5729edd56aef051400155113": "1542", "5729edd56aef051400155114": "1970s, numerous geoglyphs", "5729edd56aef051400155115": "Ondemar Dias", "5729edd56aef051400155116": "11,000", "5a0c7b88f5590b0018dab41e": "Francisco de Orellana", "5a0c7b88f5590b0018dab41f": "", "5a0c7b88f5590b0018dab420": "", "5a0c7b88f5590b0018dab421": "smallpox", "5a0c7b88f5590b0018dab422": "", "5725cf3238643c19005acd61": "black earth", "5725cf3238643c19005acd62": "large areas", "5725cf3238643c19005acd63": "agriculture and silviculture", "5725cf3238643c19005acd64": "Xingu", "5725cf3238643c19005acd65": "Michael Heckenberger", "5729ef266aef05140015511c": "Terra preta (black earth),", "5729ef266aef05140015511d": "", "5729ef266aef05140015511e": "Xingu", "5729ef266aef05140015511f": "Michael Heckenberger", "5729ef266aef051400155120": "roads, bridges and large plazas", "5a0c7cb3f5590b0018dab428": "", "5a0c7cb3f5590b0018dab429": "", "5a0c7cb3f5590b0018dab42a": "", "5a0c7cb3f5590b0018dab42b": "", "5a0c7cb3f5590b0018dab42c": "", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61b": "2.5 million", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61c": "One in five", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61d": "40,000", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61e": "one in five", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61f": "96,660 and 128,843", "5729f0db6aef051400155126": "2.5 million", "5729f0db6aef051400155127": "2,000", "5729f0db6aef051400155128": "40,000", "5729f0db6aef051400155129": "378", "5729f0db6aef05140015512a": "One in five", "5a0c7d74f5590b0018dab432": "", "5a0c7d74f5590b0018dab433": "", "5a0c7d74f5590b0018dab434": "Brazil", "5a0c7d74f5590b0018dab435": "378", "5726722bdd62a815002e8528": "62", "5726722bdd62a815002e8529": "1,100 tree species. A study in 1999 found one square kilometer (247 acres) of Amazon rainforest can contain about 90,790 tonnes of living plants. The average plant biomass is estimated at 356 \u00b1 47 tonnes per hectare. To date, an estimated 438,000 species of plants of economic and social interest have been registered in the region with many more remaining to be discovered or catalogued. The total number of tree species in the region is estimated at 16,000.", "5726722bdd62a815002e852a": "90,790", "5726722bdd62a815002e852b": "356 \u00b1 47 tonnes per hectare", "5726722bdd62a815002e852c": "438,000", "5729f2646aef051400155130": "highest", "5729f2646aef051400155131": "1,100", "5729f2646aef051400155132": "90,790", "5729f2646aef051400155133": "356 \u00b1 47 tonnes", "5729f2646aef051400155134": "438,000", "5a0c7edcf5590b0018dab43a": "", "5a0c7edcf5590b0018dab43b": "", "5a0c7edcf5590b0018dab43c": "", "5a0c7edcf5590b0018dab43d": "", "5a0c7edcf5590b0018dab43e": "", "5729f3831d0469140077967b": "electric eels", "5729f3831d0469140077967c": "black caiman", "5729f3831d0469140077967d": "piranha", "5729f3831d0469140077967e": "lipophilic alkaloid toxins", "5729f3831d0469140077967f": "Vampire bats", "5a0c7fb2f5590b0018dab444": "", "5a0c7fb2f5590b0018dab445": "", "5a0c7fb2f5590b0018dab446": "", "5a0c7fb2f5590b0018dab447": "", "5a0c7fb2f5590b0018dab448": "", "5729fd56af94a219006aa72f": "", "5729fd56af94a219006aa730": "1960s", "5729fd56af94a219006aa731": "slash and burn method", "5729fd56af94a219006aa732": "loss of soil fertility and weed invasion", "5729fd56af94a219006aa733": "areas cleared", "5a0c807ff5590b0018dab44e": "", "5a0c807ff5590b0018dab44f": "", "5a0c807ff5590b0018dab450": "slash and burn", "5a0c807ff5590b0018dab451": "", "5a0c807ff5590b0018dab452": "", "5729feaf6aef051400155188": "", "5729feaf6aef051400155189": "587,000", "5729feaf6aef05140015518a": "", "5729feaf6aef05140015518b": "second-largest", "5729feaf6aef05140015518c": "", "5a0c817df5590b0018dab458": "", "5a0c817df5590b0018dab459": "", "5a0c817df5590b0018dab45a": "", "5a0c817df5590b0018dab45b": "", "572a005f1d046914007796b7": "soy", "572a005f1d046914007796b8": "increased settlement and deforestation", "572a005f1d046914007796b9": "8,646", "572a005f1d046914007796ba": "18%", "572a005f1d046914007796bb": "declined", "5a0c8ba8f5590b0018dab460": "", "5a0c8ba8f5590b0018dab461": "", "5a0c8ba8f5590b0018dab462": "", "5a0c8ba8f5590b0018dab463": "2004 and 2014", "5a0c8ba8f5590b0018dab464": "", "572a020f6aef051400155198": "biodiversity", "572a020f6aef051400155199": "destruction of the forest", "572a020f6aef05140015519a": "loss of biodiversity", "572a020f6aef05140015519b": "1.1 \u00d7 1011 metric tonnes", "572a020f6aef05140015519c": "1.1 \u00d7 1011", "5a0c9275f5590b0018dab46a": "", "5a0c9275f5590b0018dab46b": "global warming", "5a0c9275f5590b0018dab46c": "10%", "5a0c9275f5590b0018dab46d": "", "572a03a06aef0514001551aa": "severely reduced rainfall and increased temperatures", "572a03a06aef0514001551ab": "greenhouse gas", "572a03a06aef0514001551ac": "2100", "572a03a06aef0514001551ad": "the 21st century", "572a03a06aef0514001551ae": "", "5a0c93b9f5590b0018dab472": "Amazon rainforest", "5a0c93b9f5590b0018dab473": "rainforest cover", "5a0c93b9f5590b0018dab474": "", "5a0c93b9f5590b0018dab475": "", "5a0c93b9f5590b0018dab476": "", "572a064a3f37b3190047865d": "", "572a064a3f37b3190047865e": "", "572a064a3f37b3190047865f": "deforestation and ecocide", "572a064a3f37b31900478660": "Urarina", "572a064a3f37b31900478661": "Urarina continue to struggle to fight for their cultural survival and the fate of their forested territories. Meanwhile, the relationship between non-human primates", "5a0c958bf5590b0018dab47c": "", "5a0c958bf5590b0018dab47d": "", "5a0c958bf5590b0018dab47e": "Urarina", "5a0c958bf5590b0018dab47f": "", "5a0c958bf5590b0018dab480": "ethno-biology and community-based", "572a07c11d046914007796d5": "remote sensing", "572a07c11d046914007796d6": "Trio Tribe,", "572a07c11d046914007796d7": "", "572a07c11d046914007796d8": "", "572a07c11d046914007796d9": "conservation of the Amazon is also being used by the indigenous tribes of the basin to protect their tribal lands from commercial interests.", "5a0c96fbf5590b0018dab486": "", "5a0c96fbf5590b0018dab487": "", "5a0c96fbf5590b0018dab488": "", "5a0c96fbf5590b0018dab489": "", "5a0c96fbf5590b0018dab48a": "", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75b": "tree growth", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75c": "carbon", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75d": "Tatiana Kuplich", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75e": "2006", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75f": "Synthetic aperture radar", "5a0c9832f5590b0018dab490": "To accurately map the Amazon's biomass and subsequent carbon related emissions,", "5a0c9832f5590b0018dab491": "", "5a0c9832f5590b0018dab492": "Synthetic aperture radar", "5a0c9832f5590b0018dab493": "", "5a0c9832f5590b0018dab494": "", "572a0b101d046914007796e9": "2005", "572a0b101d046914007796ea": "Woods Hole Research Center", "572a0b101d046914007796eb": "Brazilian National Institute of Amazonian Research", "572a0b101d046914007796ec": "deforestation on regional climate", "572a0b101d046914007796ed": "savanna or desert", "5a0c98fef5590b0018dab49a": "", "5a0c98fef5590b0018dab49b": "", "5a0c98fef5590b0018dab49c": "", "5a0c98fef5590b0018dab49d": "", "5a0c98fef5590b0018dab49e": "", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa76f": "2010", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa770": "1,160,000", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa771": "three", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa772": "2005", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa773": "1.5 gigatons", "5a0c99fcf5590b0018dab4a4": "", "5a0c99fcf5590b0018dab4a5": "1.5 gigatons", "5a0c99fcf5590b0018dab4a6": "", "5a0c99fcf5590b0018dab4a7": "1.5 gigatons", "5a0c99fcf5590b0018dab4a8": "", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf2": "two cells deep", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf3": "cilia", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf4": "water flow through the body cavity", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf5": "", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf6": "combs", "57263eaa38643c19005ad371": "comb jellies", "57263eaa38643c19005ad372": "", "57263eaa38643c19005ad373": "water flow through the body cavity", "57263eaa38643c19005ad374": "", "57263eaa38643c19005ad375": "marine waters", "5a8349a2e60761001a2eb509": "", "5a8349a2e60761001a2eb50a": "combs", "5a8349a2e60761001a2eb50b": "swimming", "5a8349a2e60761001a2eb50c": "separate phyla", "5a8349a2e60761001a2eb50d": "", "5725c337271a42140099d163": "100\u2013150", "5725c337271a42140099d164": "tentilla", "5725c337271a42140099d165": "ten times their own weight", "5725c337271a42140099d166": "", "5725c337271a42140099d167": "", "5726400589a1e219009ac5ee": "ten times their own weight", "5726400589a1e219009ac5ef": "tentilla", "5726400589a1e219009ac5f0": "large, stiffened cilia", "5726400589a1e219009ac5f1": "", "5726400589a1e219009ac5f2": "", "5a834af4e60761001a2eb51b": "", "5a834af4e60761001a2eb51c": "", "5a834af4e60761001a2eb51d": "", "5a834af5e60761001a2eb51e": "", "5a834af5e60761001a2eb51f": "", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5e": "the eggs and sperm mature at different times", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5f": "produce both eggs and sperm at the same time", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe60": "simultaneous", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe61": "platyctenids", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe62": "", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd1": "hermaphrodites\u2014a single animal can produce both eggs and sperm, meaning it can fertilize its own egg, not needing a mate. Some are simultaneous hermaphrodites, which can produce both eggs and sperm at the same time. Others are sequential hermaphrodites, in which the eggs and sperm mature at different times.", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd2": "can produce both eggs and sperm at the same time. Others are sequential hermaphrodites, in which the eggs and sperm mature at different times.", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd3": "the eggs and sperm mature at different times", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd4": "platyctenids", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd5": "beroids", "5a834caae60761001a2eb539": "", "5a834caae60761001a2eb53a": "", "5a834caae60761001a2eb53b": "sink to the bottom and rapidly metamorphose into the adult form", "5a834caae60761001a2eb53c": "", "5a834caae60761001a2eb53d": "explosive rate", "5725c69738643c19005accb9": "", "5725c69738643c19005accba": "", "5725c69738643c19005accbb": "", "5725c69738643c19005accbc": "", "5726431d271a42140099d7f5": "", "5726431d271a42140099d7f6": "planktonic plants", "5726431d271a42140099d7f7": "Mnemiopsis,", "5726431d271a42140099d7f8": "", "5726431d271a42140099d7f9": "Beroe", "5a834dbde60761001a2eb555": "", "5a834dbde60761001a2eb556": "", "5a834dbde60761001a2eb557": "", "5a834dbde60761001a2eb558": "", "5a834dbde60761001a2eb559": "", "5725c91e38643c19005acceb": "66 million years ago", "5725c91e38643c19005accec": "", "5725c91e38643c19005acced": "", "5725c91e38643c19005accee": "", "5726449f1125e71900ae1928": "", "5726449f1125e71900ae1929": "Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction", "5726449f1125e71900ae192a": "", "5726449f1125e71900ae192b": "", "5a8352ebe60761001a2eb57d": "", "5a8352ebe60761001a2eb57e": "", "5a8352ebe60761001a2eb57f": "", "5a8352ebe60761001a2eb580": "", "5a8352ebe60761001a2eb581": "", "5725cb33271a42140099d1db": "", "5725cb33271a42140099d1dc": "", "5725cb33271a42140099d1dd": "", "5725cb33271a42140099d1de": "Ctenophores", "5725cb33271a42140099d1df": "", "572646655951b619008f6ebf": "cnidarians", "572646655951b619008f6ec0": "", "572646655951b619008f6ec1": "", "572646655951b619008f6ec2": "ctenophores and cnidarians", "572646655951b619008f6ec3": "bilaterians", "5a835482e60761001a2eb597": "inter-cell", "5a835482e60761001a2eb598": "sensory organs", "5a835482e60761001a2eb599": "colloblasts", "5a835482e60761001a2eb59a": "prey", "5a835482e60761001a2eb59b": "colloblasts", "572647d0708984140094c14b": "mesoglea", "572647d0708984140094c14c": "", "572647d0708984140094c14d": "ctenophores", "572647d0708984140094c14e": "ctenophores and cnidarians have traditionally been labelled diploblastic, along with sponges", "5a835778e60761001a2eb5d9": "intermediate jelly-like layer", "5a835778e60761001a2eb5da": "", "5a835778e60761001a2eb5db": "", "5a835778e60761001a2eb5dc": "mesoglea", "5a835778e60761001a2eb5dd": "three", "572648e8dd62a815002e8076": "cilia", "572648e8dd62a815002e8077": "locomotion", "572648e8dd62a815002e8078": "ctenes", "572648e8dd62a815002e8079": "comb-bearing", "5a8359c1e60761001a2eb5f3": "", "5a8359c1e60761001a2eb5f4": "about 1 millimeter (0.039 in) to 1.5 meters (4.9 ft)", "5a8359c1e60761001a2eb5f5": "", "5a8359c1e60761001a2eb5f6": "ctenes", "5a8359c1e60761001a2eb5f7": "non-colonial", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db40": "Pleurobrachia.", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db41": "Coastal species need to be tough enough to withstand waves and swirling sediment particles, while some oceanic species", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db42": "to withstand waves and swirling sediment particles", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db43": "Pleurobrachia, Beroe and Mnemiopsis.", "5a835b42e60761001a2eb60d": "", "5a835b42e60761001a2eb60e": "", "5a835b42e60761001a2eb60f": "", "5a835b42e60761001a2eb610": "", "5a835b42e60761001a2eb611": "", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a0": "epithelium, the gastrodermis", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a1": "bioluminescence", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a2": "pharynx", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a3": "a mouth that can usually be closed by muscles; a pharynx (\"throat\"); a wider area in the center that acts as a stomach; and a system of internal canals", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a4": "the mouth and pharynx", "5a836273e60761001a2eb63f": "", "5a836273e60761001a2eb640": "", "5a836273e60761001a2eb641": "each comb row", "5a836273e60761001a2eb642": "", "5a836273e60761001a2eb643": "", "57264cfa708984140094c1c3": "swimming-plates", "57264cfa708984140094c1c4": "swimming-plates", "57264cfa708984140094c1c5": "supporting function", "57264cfa708984140094c1c6": "in the direction in which the mouth is pointing", "57264cfa708984140094c1c7": "", "5a836496e60761001a2eb657": "", "5a836496e60761001a2eb658": "", "5a836496e60761001a2eb659": "", "5a836496e60761001a2eb65a": "direction", "5a836496e60761001a2eb65b": "escape behavior", "57264e66dd62a815002e811a": "It is uncertain how", "57264e66dd62a815002e811b": "mesoglea", "57264e66dd62a815002e811c": "to avoid sinking", "57264e66dd62a815002e811d": "", "5a837038e60761001a2eb6f3": "", "5a837038e60761001a2eb6f4": "", "5a837038e60761001a2eb6f5": "", "5a837038e60761001a2eb6f6": "", "5a837038e60761001a2eb6f7": "", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5e": "", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5f": "the opposite end from the mouth", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc60": "a transparent dome", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc61": "a statocyst", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc62": "a balance sensor", "5a8371dfe60761001a2eb725": "", "5a8371dfe60761001a2eb726": "", "5a8371dfe60761001a2eb727": "", "5a8371dfe60761001a2eb728": "", "5a8371dfe60761001a2eb729": "", "57265746dd62a815002e8218": "", "57265746dd62a815002e8219": "", "57265746dd62a815002e821a": "", "57265746dd62a815002e821b": "a sheath", "57265746dd62a815002e821c": "", "5a8373a7e60761001a2eb72f": "", "5a8373a7e60761001a2eb730": "", "5a8373a7e60761001a2eb731": "withdrawn", "5a8373a7e60761001a2eb732": "", "5a8373a7e60761001a2eb733": "", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcac": "tentilla (\"little tentacles\")", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcad": "capture prey", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcae": "they contain striated muscle", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcaf": "three", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcb0": "capturing prey", "5a837549e60761001a2eb739": "", "5a837549e60761001a2eb73a": "little tentacles", "5a837549e60761001a2eb73b": "three main components", "5a837549e60761001a2eb73c": "vesicles", "5a837549e60761001a2eb73d": "", "572659ea5951b619008f7051": "eight", "572659ea5951b619008f7052": "near the mouth to the opposite end, and are spaced evenly round the body", "572659ea5951b619008f7053": "evenly round the body", "572659ea5951b619008f7054": "", "5a838553e60761001a2eb759": "eight", "5a838553e60761001a2eb75a": "metachronal", "5a838553e60761001a2eb75b": "evenly round the body", "5a838553e60761001a2eb75c": "", "5a838553e60761001a2eb75d": "", "57265aaf5951b619008f706b": "lobes", "57265aaf5951b619008f706c": "gelatinous projections edged with cilia", "57265aaf5951b619008f706d": "four", "57265aaf5951b619008f706e": "produce water currents that help direct microscopic prey toward the mouth", "57265aaf5951b619008f706f": "suspended planktonic prey", "5a838676e60761001a2eb763": "", "5a838676e60761001a2eb764": "continuously on suspended planktonic prey", "5a838676e60761001a2eb765": "", "5a838676e60761001a2eb766": "four", "5a838676e60761001a2eb767": "feed continuously", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd36": "", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd37": "escape from danger by clapping their lobes, so that the jet of expelled water drives them backwards very quickly", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd38": "nerves", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd39": "nerves", "5a83878de60761001a2eb777": "", "5a83878de60761001a2eb778": "", "5a83878de60761001a2eb779": "extensions", "5a83878de60761001a2eb77a": "", "5a83878de60761001a2eb77b": "", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd50": "Nuda,", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd51": "The Beroida,", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd52": "zip\" the mouth shut", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd53": "", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd54": "", "5a83894de60761001a2eb789": "", "5a83894de60761001a2eb78a": "", "5a83894de60761001a2eb78b": "", "5a83894de60761001a2eb78c": "", "5a83894de60761001a2eb78d": "", "57265e97708984140094c3c3": "The Cestida", "57265e97708984140094c3c4": "belt animals", "57265e97708984140094c3c5": "by undulating their bodies", "57265e97708984140094c3c6": "Cestum veneris", "57265e97708984140094c3c7": "Velamen parallelum,", "5a838a2ee60761001a2eb793": "1.5 meters", "5a838a2ee60761001a2eb794": "", "5a838a2ee60761001a2eb795": "belt animals", "5a838a2ee60761001a2eb796": "ribbon", "5a838a2ee60761001a2eb797": "", "572681c1dd62a815002e8796": "a pair of tentilla-bearing tentacles", "572681c1dd62a815002e8797": "a muscular \"foot\"", "572681c1dd62a815002e8798": "comb-rows", "572681c1dd62a815002e8799": "rocks, algae, or the body surfaces of other invertebrates", "5a838b42e60761001a2eb7a7": "", "5a838b42e60761001a2eb7a8": "oval", "5a838b42e60761001a2eb7a9": "", "5a838b42e60761001a2eb7aa": "comb-rows", "5a838b42e60761001a2eb7ab": "rocks, algae, or the body surfaces of other invertebrates", "572683075951b619008f7513": "via pores in the epidermis", "572683075951b619008f7514": "", "572683075951b619008f7515": "Mnemiopsis,", "572683075951b619008f7516": "in the parts of the internal canal network under the comb rows", "572683075951b619008f7517": "external", "5a838db9e60761001a2eb7b9": "", "5a838db9e60761001a2eb7ba": "brood chambers", "5a838db9e60761001a2eb7bb": "", "5a838db9e60761001a2eb7bc": "Self-fertilization", "5a838db9e60761001a2eb7bd": "hermaphrodites", "572684365951b619008f753f": "tentacles and tentacle sheaths", "572684365951b619008f7540": "flat, bottom", "572684365951b619008f7541": "", "572684365951b619008f7542": "true larvae", "572684365951b619008f7543": "Beroe", "5a838f74e60761001a2eb7cf": "", "5a838f74e60761001a2eb7d0": "tentacles and tentacle sheaths", "5a838f74e60761001a2eb7d1": "", "5a838f74e60761001a2eb7d2": "", "5a838f74e60761001a2eb7d3": "plankton", "572686fc708984140094c8e5": "", "572686fc708984140094c8e6": "", "572686fc708984140094c8e7": "ink", "572686fc708984140094c8e8": "more brightly in relation to their body size", "5a8391c7e60761001a2eb7d9": "", "5a8391c7e60761001a2eb7da": "", "5a8391c7e60761001a2eb7db": "", "5a8391c7e60761001a2eb7dc": "", "5a8391c7e60761001a2eb7dd": "", "5726887e708984140094c917": "no vegetarians", "5726887e708984140094c918": "other ctenophores", "5726887e708984140094c919": "", "5726887e708984140094c91a": "", "5726887e708984140094c91b": "Lampea", "5a839654e60761001a2eb7f1": "", "5a839654e60761001a2eb7f2": "", "5a839654e60761001a2eb7f3": "", "5a839654e60761001a2eb7f4": "", "5a839654e60761001a2eb7f5": "nematocysts", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33c": "low ratio of organic matter to salt and water", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33d": "", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33e": "", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33f": "during blooms in the Red Sea.", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e340": "ctenophores", "5a8397d0e60761001a2eb7fb": "dead ends", "5a8397d0e60761001a2eb7fc": "", "5a8397d0e60761001a2eb7fd": "", "5a8397d0e60761001a2eb7fe": "", "5a8397d0e60761001a2eb7ff": "", "57268c01dd62a815002e8912": "Mnemiopsis leidyi", "57268c01dd62a815002e8913": "late 1980s", "57268c01dd62a815002e8914": "late 1980s", "57268c01dd62a815002e8915": "", "57268c01dd62a815002e8916": "slowed the animal's metabolism", "5a8398bbe60761001a2eb805": "", "5a8398bbe60761001a2eb806": "", "5a8398bbe60761001a2eb807": "", "5a8398bbe60761001a2eb808": "", "5a8398bbe60761001a2eb809": "", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39c": "soft, gelatinous bodies", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39d": "a comb jelly", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39e": "mid-Cambrian period.", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39f": "", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e3a0": "", "5a839ccfe60761001a2eb81f": "", "5a839ccfe60761001a2eb820": "", "5a839ccfe60761001a2eb821": "505 million years ago", "5a839ccfe60761001a2eb822": "", "5a839ccfe60761001a2eb823": "", "57268f05dd62a815002e8990": "", "57268f05dd62a815002e8991": "", "57268f05dd62a815002e8992": "Stromatoveris", "57268f05dd62a815002e8993": "ctenophores", "57268f05dd62a815002e8994": "", "5a83a59be60761001a2eb84b": "ctenophores", "5a83a59be60761001a2eb84c": "", "5a83a59be60761001a2eb84d": "", "5a83a59be60761001a2eb84e": "swimmers", "5a83a59be60761001a2eb84f": "a propulsion system", "57269016708984140094ca41": "the Bilateria,", "57269016708984140094ca42": "Porifera (sponges)", "5a83a80ae60761001a2eb855": "hox genes", "5a83a80ae60761001a2eb856": "", "5a83a80ae60761001a2eb857": "", "5a83a80ae60761001a2eb858": "", "5a83a80ae60761001a2eb859": "", "572691bedd62a815002e89dc": "", "572691bedd62a815002e89dd": "", "572691bedd62a815002e89de": "65.5 million years ago", "572691bedd62a815002e89df": "Harbison's", "5a83acb4e60761001a2eb85f": "", "5a83acb4e60761001a2eb860": "", "5a83acb4e60761001a2eb861": "", "5a83acb4e60761001a2eb862": "", "5a83acb4e60761001a2eb863": "", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4d": "Fresno", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4e": "220 miles", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4f": "ash tree", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd50": "an ash leaf", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd51": "ash tree", "5a7b054521c2de001afe9cce": "520,159", "5a7b054521c2de001afe9ccf": "ash tree", "5a7b054521c2de001afe9cd0": "", "5a7b054521c2de001afe9cd1": "San Joaquin Valley", "5a7b054521c2de001afe9cd2": "Fresno County, is a city in the U.S. state of California.", "5725cfd0271a42140099d225": "1872", "5725cfd0271a42140099d226": "flooding", "5725cfd0271a42140099d227": "1885", "5725cfd0271a42140099d228": "47", "5725cfd0271a42140099d229": "Central Pacific Railroad", "5a7b05cd21c2de001afe9cd8": "", "5a7b05cd21c2de001afe9cd9": "flooding", "5a7b05cd21c2de001afe9cda": "", "5a7b05cd21c2de001afe9cdb": "1872", "5a7b05cd21c2de001afe9cdc": "", "5725d183271a42140099d23d": "94.0%", "5725d183271a42140099d23e": "Little Armenia, German Town, Little Italy, and Chinatown.", "5725d183271a42140099d23f": "Pinedale Assembly Center,", "5725d183271a42140099d240": "an interim facility for the relocation of Fresno area Japanese Americans to internment camps.", "5725d183271a42140099d241": "an assembly center", "5a7b064b21c2de001afe9ce2": "", "5a7b064b21c2de001afe9ce3": "3.3%", "5a7b064b21c2de001afe9ce4": "", "5a7b064b21c2de001afe9ce5": "", "5a7b064b21c2de001afe9ce6": "North Fresno,", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d639": "BankAmericard", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63a": "BankAmericard", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63b": "revolve a balance", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63c": "1976", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63d": "Visa Inc.", "5a7b070121c2de001afe9cec": "", "5a7b070121c2de001afe9ced": "", "5a7b070121c2de001afe9cee": "", "5a7b070121c2de001afe9cef": "1958", "5a7b070121c2de001afe9cf0": "Fresno.", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf58": "Bill Aken", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf59": "Bob Gallion", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5a": "Madera", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5b": "\"WWVA Jamboree\" radio and television show in Wheeling, West Virginia. Aken, adopted by Mexican movie actress Lupe Mayorga, grew up in the neighboring town of Madera and his song chronicled the hardships faced by the migrant farm workers he saw as a child. Aken also made his first TV appearance playing guitar on the old country-western show at The Fresno Barn.", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5c": "Lupe Mayorga,", "5a7b079b21c2de001afe9cf6": "\"Walking Into Fresno\",", "5a7b079b21c2de001afe9cf7": "Hall Of Fame", "5a7b079b21c2de001afe9cf8": "Bob Gallion of the world-famous \"WWVA Jamboree\" radio and television show in Wheeling, West Virginia. Aken, adopted by Mexican movie actress Lupe Mayorga,", "5a7b079b21c2de001afe9cf9": "\"WWVA Jamboree\" radio and television show in Wheeling, West Virginia. Aken, adopted by Mexican movie actress Lupe Mayorga, grew up in the neighboring town of Madera and his song chronicled the hardships faced by the migrant farm workers he saw as a child. Aken also made his first TV appearance playing guitar on the old country-western show at The Fresno Barn.", "5a7b079b21c2de001afe9cfa": "Bill Aken and recorded by Bob Gallion", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d687": "three", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d688": "Roeding Park,", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d689": "", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68a": "Shinzen Japanese Gardens,", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68b": "Civil War Revisited,", "5a7b086921c2de001afe9d00": "Shinzen Japanese Gardens,", "5a7b086921c2de001afe9d01": "", "5a7b086921c2de001afe9d02": "", "5a7b086921c2de001afe9d03": "several miles", "5a7b086921c2de001afe9d04": "southwest", "5725d7e438643c19005acdf9": "1880s and World War II,", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfa": "the original Fresno County Courthouse", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfb": "San Joaquin Light & Power Building", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfc": "Hughes Hotel", "5a7b093b21c2de001afe9d0a": "", "5a7b093b21c2de001afe9d0b": "Grand 1401),", "5a7b093b21c2de001afe9d0c": "", "5a7b093b21c2de001afe9d0d": "San Joaquin Light & Power Building", "5a7b093b21c2de001afe9d0e": "San Joaquin Light & Power Building", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b3": "1964", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b4": "1964", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b5": "Pierre-Auguste Renoir", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b6": "near their current locations", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b7": "wide sidewalks", "5a7b0e2221c2de001afe9d14": "", "5a7b0e2221c2de001afe9d15": "", "5a7b0e2221c2de001afe9d16": "", "5a7b0e2221c2de001afe9d17": "", "5a7b0e2221c2de001afe9d18": "east", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c5": "on Fresno's far southeast side,", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c6": "Kings Canyon Avenue and Clovis Avenue.", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c7": "1950s through the 1970s", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c8": "It", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c9": "William P. Bell.", "5a7b0ec521c2de001afe9d1e": "William P. Bell.", "5a7b0ec521c2de001afe9d1f": "", "5a7b0ec521c2de001afe9d20": "Chestnut Avenue", "5a7b0ec521c2de001afe9d21": "", "5a7b0ec521c2de001afe9d22": "", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfea": "Tower Theatre,", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfeb": "1939", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfec": "Tower Theatre,", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfed": "", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfee": "", "5a7b0fae21c2de001afe9d28": "", "5a7b0fae21c2de001afe9d29": "Olive and Wishon Avenues", "5a7b0fae21c2de001afe9d2a": "one-half mile", "5a7b0fae21c2de001afe9d2b": "", "5a7b0fae21c2de001afe9d2c": "California State University at Fresno).", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d7": "late 1970s", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d8": "second and third run movies", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d9": "1978", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2da": "Fresno", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2db": "Evita and The Wiz", "5a7b103b21c2de001afe9d32": "", "5a7b103b21c2de001afe9d33": "", "5a7b103b21c2de001afe9d34": "", "5a7b103b21c2de001afe9d35": "", "5a7b103b21c2de001afe9d36": "", "5725e45689a1e219009ac048": "live", "5725e45689a1e219009ac049": "a few hundred feet", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04a": "Tower District", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04b": "Tower District", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04c": "Tower District", "5a7b10e021c2de001afe9d3c": "", "5a7b10e021c2de001afe9d3d": "", "5a7b10e021c2de001afe9d3e": "", "5a7b10e021c2de001afe9d3f": "", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d733": "early twentieth century", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d734": "Storybook", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d735": "contrasts", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d736": "recent decades", "5a7b11bb21c2de001afe9d44": "", "5a7b11bb21c2de001afe9d45": "tract homes urban sprawl in north and east areas of Fresno.", "5a7b11bb21c2de001afe9d46": "Fresno architects,", "5a7b11bb21c2de001afe9d47": "", "5a7b11bb21c2de001afe9d48": "", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0ae": "Huntington Boulevard", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0af": "William Stranahan", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b0": "1914", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b1": "267", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b2": "Fresno Traction Company", "5a7b12a421c2de001afe9d4e": "", "5a7b12a421c2de001afe9d4f": "", "5a7b12a421c2de001afe9d50": "267", "5a7b12a421c2de001afe9d51": "", "5a7b12a421c2de001afe9d52": "", "5725edfe38643c19005ace9f": "\"Southwest Fresno\",", "5725edfe38643c19005acea0": "southwest of the 99 freeway (which divides it from Downtown Fresno), west of the 41 freeway and south of Nielsen Ave (or the newly constructed 180 Freeway), and extends to the city limits to the west and south.", "5725edfe38643c19005acea1": "African-American", "5725edfe38643c19005acea2": "Hmong or Laotian)", "5725edfe38643c19005acea3": "", "5a7b325021c2de001afe9da8": "", "5a7b325021c2de001afe9da9": "99 freeway", "5a7b325021c2de001afe9daa": "African-American", "5a7b325021c2de001afe9dab": "Mexican-American and Asian-American", "5a7b325021c2de001afe9dac": "culturally diverse and also includes significant Mexican-American and Asian-American (principally Hmong or Laotian) populations.", "5725f00938643c19005aced7": "M. Theo Kearney,", "5725f00938643c19005aced8": "palm trees", "5725f00938643c19005aced9": "Fresno Street and Thorne Ave", "5725f00938643c19005aceda": "Brookhaven,", "5725f00938643c19005acedb": "\"Dogg Pound\"", "5a7b32e621c2de001afe9db2": "M. Theo Kearney,", "5a7b32e621c2de001afe9db3": "roughly half-mile", "5a7b32e621c2de001afe9db4": "Fresno's elite African-American families.", "5a7b32e621c2de001afe9db5": "M. Theo Kearney,", "5a7b32e621c2de001afe9db6": "", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d76f": "between the 1960s and 1990s", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d770": "Fresno and B streets,", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d771": "Cargill Meat Solutions and Foster Farms", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d772": "", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d773": "little", "5a7b33b821c2de001afe9dbc": "", "5a7b33b821c2de001afe9dbd": "Fresno and B streets,", "5a7b33b821c2de001afe9dbe": "Church Ave", "5a7b33b821c2de001afe9dbf": "the stench", "5a7b33b821c2de001afe9dc0": "late 1990s", "5725f2c838643c19005aceed": "Ralph Woodward,", "5725f2c838643c19005aceee": "300", "5725f2c838643c19005aceef": "2,500", "5725f2c838643c19005acef0": "22", "5725f2c838643c19005acef1": "April through October, 6am to 10pm and November through March, 6am to 7pm.", "5a7b34fa21c2de001afe9dc6": "1968", "5a7b34fa21c2de001afe9dc7": "300 acres", "5a7b34fa21c2de001afe9dc8": "", "5a7b34fa21c2de001afe9dc9": "2,500", "5a7b34fa21c2de001afe9dca": "April through October,", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fa": "1946", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fb": "Developer William Smilie", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fc": "Sierra Sky Park", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fd": "automobiles", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fe": "there are now numerous such communities across the United States and around the world.", "5a7b359f21c2de001afe9dd0": "", "5a7b359f21c2de001afe9dd1": "Developer William Smilie", "5a7b359f21c2de001afe9dd2": "", "5a7b359f21c2de001afe9dd3": "", "5a7b359f21c2de001afe9dd4": "", "5725f5b1271a42140099d371": "Mediterranean characteristics.", "5725f5b1271a42140099d372": "July", "5725f5b1271a42140099d373": "11.5 inches (292.1 mm)", "5725f5b1271a42140099d374": "northwest", "5725f5b1271a42140099d375": "December, January and February", "5a7b37ce21c2de001afe9dda": "", "5a7b37ce21c2de001afe9ddb": "97 percent", "5a7b37ce21c2de001afe9ddc": "northwest", "5a7b37ce21c2de001afe9ddd": "11.5 inches (292.1 mm)", "5a7b37ce21c2de001afe9dde": "three or four", "5725f6e138643c19005acf19": "115 \u00b0F (46.1 \u00b0C),", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1a": "January 6, 1913.", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1b": "November 1885 and the most rainfall in 24 hours 3.55 inches (90.2 mm) on November 18, 1885.", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1c": "2.2 inches", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1d": "3.55 inches (90.2 mm) on November 18, 1885.", "5a7b3b3121c2de001afe9dee": "17 \u00b0F", "5a7b3b3121c2de001afe9def": "115 \u00b0F (46.1 \u00b0C),", "5a7b3b3121c2de001afe9df0": "November 1885 and the most rainfall in 24 hours 3.55 inches (90.2 mm) on November 18, 1885.", "5a7b3b3121c2de001afe9df1": "", "5a7b3b3121c2de001afe9df2": "2.2 inches (0.06 m)", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf23": "494,665", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf24": "72.6%", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf25": "494,665", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf26": "30.0%", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf27": "4,404.5", "5a7b3dd921c2de001afe9df8": "494,665", "5a7b3dd921c2de001afe9df9": "", "5a7b3dd921c2de001afe9dfa": "72.6%", "5a7b3dd921c2de001afe9dfb": "", "5a7b3dd921c2de001afe9dfc": "", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b1": "68,511", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b2": "19.3%", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b3": "1,388", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b4": "3.62", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b5": "3.07", "5a7b3f0f21c2de001afe9e02": "43.3%", "5a7b3f0f21c2de001afe9e03": "3.62", "5a7b3f0f21c2de001afe9e04": "", "5a7b3f0f21c2de001afe9e05": "", "5a7b3f0f21c2de001afe9e06": "12,344", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac128": "427,652", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac129": "149,025", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12a": "8.4%", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12b": "11.2% Asian (about a third of which is Hmong), 0.1% Pacific Islander, 23.4% from other races, and 5.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 39.9%", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12c": "4,097.9 people per square mile", "5a7b402121c2de001afe9e0c": "Hmong),", "5a7b402121c2de001afe9e0d": "97,915", "5a7b402121c2de001afe9e0e": "39.9%", "5a7b402121c2de001afe9e0f": "11.2% Asian (about a third", "5a7b402121c2de001afe9e10": "11.2% Asian (about a third", "5725fb8138643c19005acf3f": "", "5725fb8138643c19005acf40": "KMJ-TV,", "5725fb8138643c19005acf41": "", "5725fb8138643c19005acf42": "NBC affiliate KSEE.", "5725fb8138643c19005acf43": "", "5a7b409721c2de001afe9e16": "UHF television stations.", "5a7b409721c2de001afe9e17": "", "5a7b409721c2de001afe9e18": "", "5a7b409721c2de001afe9e19": "", "5a7b409721c2de001afe9e1a": "", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ad": "State Route 99,", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ae": "the Sierra Freeway,", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3af": "State Route 168,", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3b0": "west", "5a7b44ae21c2de001afe9e20": "(Kings Canyon Freeway)", "5a7b44ae21c2de001afe9e21": "(Yosemite Freeway/Eisenhower Freeway)", "5a7b44ae21c2de001afe9e22": "Mendota,", "5a7b44ae21c2de001afe9e23": "(Kings Canyon Freeway)", "5a7b44ae21c2de001afe9e24": "", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7dd": "Fresno", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7de": "1950s", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7df": "", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7e0": "Federal funding,", "5a7b456121c2de001afe9e2a": "", "5a7b456121c2de001afe9e2b": "", "5a7b456121c2de001afe9e2c": "population and traffic", "5a7b456121c2de001afe9e2d": "", "5a7b456121c2de001afe9e2e": "", "5725ff8238643c19005acf49": "Amtrak San Joaquins.", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4a": "Downtown Fresno.", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4b": "Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway and Union Pacific Railroad", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4c": "Southern Pacific", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4d": "Fresno", "5a7b485921c2de001afe9e52": "", "5a7b485921c2de001afe9e53": "The Bakersfield-Stockton mainlines of the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway and Union Pacific Railroad railroads", "5a7b485921c2de001afe9e54": "Amtrak San Joaquins.", "5a7b485921c2de001afe9e55": "", "5a7b485921c2de001afe9e56": "", "5725d34089a1e219009abf50": "Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", "5725d34089a1e219009abf51": "provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages", "5725d34089a1e219009abf52": "pre-allocation of network bandwidth", "5725d34089a1e219009abf53": "coining the modern name packet switching", "572632ceec44d21400f3dc2f": "Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", "572632ceec44d21400f3dc30": "to provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages", "572632ceec44d21400f3dc31": "packet switching", "5a5504e1134fea001a0e17f8": "Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", "5a5504e1134fea001a0e17f9": "fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages", "5a5504e1134fea001a0e17fa": "", "5a5504e1134fea001a0e17fb": "", "5a5504e1134fea001a0e17fc": "National Physical Laboratory", "5a5645196349e2001acdccfc": "", "5a5645196349e2001acdccfd": "", "5a5645196349e2001acdccfe": "Paul Baran", "5a5645196349e2001acdccff": "a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages", "5a5645196349e2001acdcd00": "Donald Davies", "5a605197eae51e001ab14d0b": "Paul Baran", "5a605197eae51e001ab14d0c": "", "5a605197eae51e001ab14d0d": "", "5a605197eae51e001ab14d0e": "", "5a605197eae51e001ab14d0f": "", "5a667457846392001a1e1c2d": "", "5a667457846392001a1e1c2e": "", "5a667457846392001a1e1c2f": "National Physical Laboratory", "5a667457846392001a1e1c30": "", "5a667457846392001a1e1c31": "the development of telecommunications in the Bell System.", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf78": "", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf79": "a fee per unit of connection time", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf7a": "a fee per unit of information transmitted", "572634a789a1e219009ac56c": "", "572634a789a1e219009ac56d": "pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth", "572634a789a1e219009ac56e": "a fee per unit of connection time", "572634a789a1e219009ac56f": "", "5a55068b134fea001a0e180c": "", "5a55068b134fea001a0e180d": "", "5a55068b134fea001a0e180e": "fee per unit of information transmitted", "5a55068b134fea001a0e180f": "", "5a55068b134fea001a0e1810": "", "5a56496b6349e2001acdcd06": "a fee per unit of information transmitted", "5a56496b6349e2001acdcd07": "constant", "5a56496b6349e2001acdcd08": "", "5a56496b6349e2001acdcd09": "", "5a56496b6349e2001acdcd0a": "", "5a60556eeae51e001ab14d15": "", "5a60556eeae51e001ab14d16": "", "5a60556eeae51e001ab14d17": "", "5a60556eeae51e001ab14d18": "", "5a667761846392001a1e1c37": "characters, packets, or messages", "5a667761846392001a1e1c38": "", "5a667761846392001a1e1c39": "", "5a667761846392001a1e1c3a": "a fee per unit of information transmitted", "5726219489a1e219009ac2d0": "according to a multiple access scheme", "5726356938643c19005ad2ff": "with or without intermediate forwarding nodes", "5726356938643c19005ad300": "intermediate network nodes asynchronously", "5726356938643c19005ad301": "according to a multiple access scheme", "5a5507df134fea001a0e181e": "Packet mode", "5a5507df134fea001a0e181f": "multiple access scheme", "5a5507df134fea001a0e1820": "", "5a5507df134fea001a0e1821": "packet switches or routers", "5a5507df134fea001a0e1822": "multiple access scheme", "5a564b1e6349e2001acdcd10": "", "5a564b1e6349e2001acdcd11": "", "5a564b1e6349e2001acdcd12": "", "5a564b1e6349e2001acdcd13": "", "5a564b1e6349e2001acdcd14": "", "5a6057f0eae51e001ab14d1d": "", "5a6057f0eae51e001ab14d1e": "multiple access scheme", "5a6057f0eae51e001ab14d1f": "", "5a6057f0eae51e001ab14d20": "weighted fair queuing or leaky bucket. In case of a shared physical medium (such as radio or 10BASE5), the packets may be delivered according to a multiple access scheme.", "5a6057f0eae51e001ab14d21": "shared", "5a66797c846392001a1e1c49": "", "5a66797c846392001a1e1c4a": "intermediate network nodes asynchronously using first-in, first-out buffering", "5a66797c846392001a1e1c4b": "", "5a66797c846392001a1e1c4c": "", "5a66797c846392001a1e1c4d": "", "5726249538643c19005ad07f": "distributed adaptive message block switching", "5726249538643c19005ad080": "distributed adaptive message block switching", "5726249538643c19005ad081": "", "5726249538643c19005ad082": "by store and forward switching", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc49": "distributed adaptive message block switching", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4a": "1962", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4b": "use of a decentralized network with multiple paths between any two points, dividing user messages into message blocks, later called packets, and delivery of these messages by store and forward switching", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4c": "store and forward switching", "5a5508f5134fea001a0e1828": "", "5a5508f5134fea001a0e1829": "", "5a5508f5134fea001a0e182a": "", "5a5508f5134fea001a0e182b": "", "5a5508f5134fea001a0e182c": "", "5a564c956349e2001acdcd1a": "", "5a564c956349e2001acdcd1b": "", "5a564c956349e2001acdcd1c": "survivable communications networks", "5a564c956349e2001acdcd1d": "", "5a564c956349e2001acdcd1e": "", "5a6059ace9e1cc001a33cd34": "", "5a6059ace9e1cc001a33cd35": "", "5a6059ace9e1cc001a33cd36": "", "5a6059ace9e1cc001a33cd37": "", "5a6059ace9e1cc001a33cd38": "", "5a667dae846392001a1e1c53": "", "5a667dae846392001a1e1c54": "by store and forward switching", "5a667dae846392001a1e1c55": "1962", "5a667dae846392001a1e1c56": "distributed adaptive message block switching", "5a667dae846392001a1e1c57": "decentralized network with multiple paths between any two points", "572629c6271a42140099d6a3": "", "572629c6271a42140099d6a4": "packet switching", "572629c6271a42140099d6a5": "a nationwide network", "572629c6271a42140099d6a6": "the ARPANET.", "5726378238643c19005ad313": "Donald Davies at the National Physical Laboratory, UK, independently developed the same message routing methodology as developed by Baran.", "5726378238643c19005ad314": "packet switching", "5726378238643c19005ad315": "", "5a5509e8134fea001a0e183a": "", "5a5509e8134fea001a0e183c": "Operating System Principles", "5a5509e8134fea001a0e183d": "", "5a5509e8134fea001a0e183e": "", "5a605b5ee9e1cc001a33cd3e": "", "5a605b5ee9e1cc001a33cd3f": "", "5a605b5ee9e1cc001a33cd40": "", "5a605b5ee9e1cc001a33cd41": "", "5a605b5ee9e1cc001a33cd42": "", "5a667f50846392001a1e1c67": "packet switching", "5a667f50846392001a1e1c68": "", "5a667f50846392001a1e1c69": "a nationwide network", "5a667f50846392001a1e1c6a": "", "5a667f50846392001a1e1c6b": "packet switching", "5726385e271a42140099d797": "complete addressing information", "5726385e271a42140099d798": "individually", "5726385e271a42140099d799": "destination address, source address, and port numbers", "5726385e271a42140099d79a": "the original message/data is reassembled in the correct order", "5a550b52134fea001a0e1844": "different paths", "5a550b52134fea001a0e1845": "different paths and out-of-order delivery", "5a550b52134fea001a0e1846": "", "5a550b52134fea001a0e1847": "in the correct order, based on the packet sequence number", "5a550b52134fea001a0e1848": "a virtual circuit or byte stream", "5a605cdce9e1cc001a33cd48": "", "5a605cdce9e1cc001a33cd49": "the original message/data is reassembled in the correct order, based on the packet sequence number", "5a605cdce9e1cc001a33cd4a": "", "5a605cdce9e1cc001a33cd4c": "the original message/data is reassembled in the correct order, based on the packet sequence number", "5a668172f038b7001ab0bef8": "a destination address, source address, and port numbers", "5a668172f038b7001ab0bef9": "individually", "5a668172f038b7001ab0befa": "", "5a668172f038b7001ab0befb": "complete addressing information", "5726398589a1e219009ac588": "a setup phase in each involved node", "5726398589a1e219009ac589": "The packets include a connection identifier rather than address information", "5726398589a1e219009ac58a": "", "5726398589a1e219009ac58b": "small", "5a550c52134fea001a0e1856": "when the route to the destination is discovered and an entry is added to the switching table in each network node through which the connection passes", "5a550c52134fea001a0e1857": "", "5a550c52134fea001a0e1858": "Connection-oriented transmission", "5a550c52134fea001a0e1859": "", "5a550c52134fea001a0e185a": "", "5a605eaae9e1cc001a33cd52": "", "5a605eaae9e1cc001a33cd53": "", "5a605eaae9e1cc001a33cd54": "", "5a605eaae9e1cc001a33cd55": "", "5a605eaae9e1cc001a33cd56": "", "5a66850bf038b7001ab0bf3c": "", "5a66850bf038b7001ab0bf3d": "", "5a66850bf038b7001ab0bf3e": "", "5a66850bf038b7001ab0bf3f": "", "57263b1638643c19005ad333": "a handshake between the communicating parties before any user packets are transmitted", "57263b1638643c19005ad334": "packet switching networks during the 1980s and early 1990s, to provide a standardized interface into and out of packet networks", "57263b1638643c19005ad335": "", "57263b1638643c19005ad336": "to run IP over ATM or a version of MPLS.", "5a550e6f134fea001a0e187e": "connection-oriented operations", "5a550e6f134fea001a0e187f": "data link layer", "5a550e6f134fea001a0e1880": "handshake between the communicating parties before any user packets are transmitted", "5a550e6f134fea001a0e1881": "X.25 protocol suite, which consists of the lower three layers of the OSI Model.", "5a550e6f134fea001a0e1882": "to provide a standardized interface into and out of packet networks", "5a668682f038b7001ab0bf4e": "between the communicating parties", "5a668682f038b7001ab0bf4f": "connection-oriented operations", "5a668682f038b7001ab0bf50": "between nodes on a link", "5a668682f038b7001ab0bf51": "1980s and early 1990s", "5a668682f038b7001ab0bf52": "", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7b": "1969", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7c": "", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7d": "", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7e": "", "5a550f98134fea001a0e189c": "", "5a550f98134fea001a0e189d": "", "5a550f98134fea001a0e189e": "", "5a550f98134fea001a0e189f": "", "5a550f98134fea001a0e18a0": "", "5a6688fcf038b7001ab0bf6c": "about twenty", "5a6688fcf038b7001ab0bf6d": "", "5a6688fcf038b7001ab0bf6e": "", "5a6688fcf038b7001ab0bf6f": "", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8d": "", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8e": "", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8f": "addresses", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc90": "plug-n-play system", "5a55106f134fea001a0e18ae": "AppleTalk", "5a55106f134fea001a0e18af": "Apple Macintosh computers.", "5a55106f134fea001a0e18b0": "", "5a55106f134fea001a0e18b1": "", "5a55106f134fea001a0e18b2": "", "5a668b1df038b7001ab0bf88": "", "5a668b1df038b7001ab0bf89": "", "5a668b1df038b7001ab0bf8a": "plug-n-play", "5a668b1df038b7001ab0bf8b": "", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a2": "", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a3": "", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a4": "make the hosts responsible for reliable delivery of data", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a5": "", "5a55114d134fea001a0e18c2": "", "5a55114d134fea001a0e18c3": "", "5a55114d134fea001a0e18c4": "", "5a55114d134fea001a0e18c5": "", "5a55114d134fea001a0e18c6": "", "5a668c1af038b7001ab0bfa4": "Louis Pouzin.", "5a668c1af038b7001ab0bfa5": "", "5a668c1af038b7001ab0bfa6": "", "5a668c1af038b7001ab0bfa7": "", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c3": "", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c4": "connect two PDP-11 minicomputers.", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c5": "", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c6": "", "5a551230134fea001a0e18cc": "DECnet is a suite of network protocols created by Digital Equipment Corporation, originally released in 1975 in order to connect two PDP-11 minicomputers. It evolved into one of the first peer-to-peer network architectures, thus transforming DEC into a networking powerhouse in the 1980s. Initially built with three layers, it later (1982) evolved into a seven-layer OSI-compliant networking protocol. The DECnet protocols were designed entirely by Digital Equipment Corporation. However, DECnet Phase II", "5a551230134fea001a0e18cd": "", "5a551230134fea001a0e18ce": "", "5a551230134fea001a0e18cf": "network protocols", "5a551230134fea001a0e18d0": "", "5a668d25f038b7001ab0bfac": "", "5a668d25f038b7001ab0bfad": "", "5a668d25f038b7001ab0bfae": "", "5a668d25f038b7001ab0bfaf": "Digital Equipment Corporation.", "5a668d25f038b7001ab0bfb0": "", "57263fd138643c19005ad37b": "", "57263fd138643c19005ad37c": "", "57263fd138643c19005ad37d": "a time-sharing system, based on Kemney's work at Dartmouth\u2014which used a computer on loan from GE\u2014could be profitable.", "57263fd138643c19005ad37e": "", "5a551328134fea001a0e18d6": "", "5a551328134fea001a0e18d7": "", "5a551328134fea001a0e18d8": "", "5a551328134fea001a0e18d9": "", "5a551328134fea001a0e18da": "", "5a668e55f038b7001ab0bfcb": "", "5a668e55f038b7001ab0bfcc": "Dartmouth\u2014which", "5a668e55f038b7001ab0bfcd": "", "5726414e271a42140099d7e5": "", "5726414e271a42140099d7e6": "", "5726414e271a42140099d7e7": "", "5a551492134fea001a0e18e0": "", "5a551492134fea001a0e18e1": "December 1971", "5a551492134fea001a0e18e2": "October 1972", "5a551492134fea001a0e18e3": "", "5a551492134fea001a0e18e4": "", "5a668fc9f038b7001ab0bfe6": "", "5a668fc9f038b7001ab0bfe7": "", "5a668fc9f038b7001ab0bfe8": "1966", "5a668fc9f038b7001ab0bfe9": "", "5a668fc9f038b7001ab0bfea": "", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf5": "", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf6": "Larry Roberts", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf7": "Bolt, Beranack and Newman", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf8": "", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf9": "", "5a55157f134fea001a0e18ea": "Larry Roberts", "5a55157f134fea001a0e18eb": "", "5a55157f134fea001a0e18ec": "", "5a55157f134fea001a0e18ed": "", "5a55157f134fea001a0e18ee": "", "5a6690d6f038b7001ab0bff0": "ARPANET", "5a6690d6f038b7001ab0bff1": "", "5a6690d6f038b7001ab0bff2": "", "5a6690d6f038b7001ab0bff3": "", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd13": "", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd14": "host computers (servers)at thousands of large companies, educational institutions, and government agencies", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd15": "", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd16": "build their own dedicated networks", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd17": "", "5a55167b134fea001a0e18fe": "", "5a55167b134fea001a0e18ff": "to reach locations not on the private network", "5a55167b134fea001a0e1900": "Mr. Tyme. Another employee", "5a55167b134fea001a0e1901": "", "5a55167b134fea001a0e1902": "San Jose, CA that utilized virtual call packet switched technology and used X.25, SNA/SDLC, BSC and ASCII interfaces to connect host computers (servers)at thousands of large companies, educational institutions, and government agencies.", "5a6694dbf038b7001ab0c002": "Tymnet", "5a6694dbf038b7001ab0c003": "", "5a6694dbf038b7001ab0c004": "U.S.", "5a6694dbf038b7001ab0c005": "connect host computers (servers)at thousands of large companies, educational institutions, and government agencies", "5a6694dbf038b7001ab0c006": "dial-up users", "572643de5951261400b5195a": "two", "572643de5951261400b5195b": "Bell Northern Research", "572643de5951261400b5195c": "", "5a551a65134fea001a0e191c": "", "5a551a65134fea001a0e191d": "", "5a551a65134fea001a0e191e": "", "5a551a65134fea001a0e191f": "", "5a551a65134fea001a0e1920": "", "5a6695e8f038b7001ab0c016": "to provide a X.25 host interface in addition to older host connection schemes.", "5a6695e8f038b7001ab0c017": "", "5a6695e8f038b7001ab0c018": "", "5a6695e8f038b7001ab0c019": "", "5a6695e8f038b7001ab0c01a": "", "5726446a89cfff1900a8404d": "", "5726446a89cfff1900a8404e": "on-line betting, financial applications", "5726446a89cfff1900a8404f": "by linking a permanent X.25 node to the network.[citation", "5a551d87134fea001a0e1944": "", "5a551d87134fea001a0e1945": "", "5a551d87134fea001a0e1946": "", "5a551d87134fea001a0e1947": "academic institutions", "5a551d87134fea001a0e1948": "", "5a6696d0f038b7001ab0c020": "", "5a6696d0f038b7001ab0c021": "", "5a6696d0f038b7001ab0c022": "", "5a6696d0f038b7001ab0c023": "", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac6": "", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac7": "the network and the connected users", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac8": "", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac9": "incorrect", "5a552252134fea001a0e1962": "", "5a552252134fea001a0e1963": "", "5a552252134fea001a0e1964": "", "5a552252134fea001a0e1965": "", "5a552252134fea001a0e1966": "", "5a669800f038b7001ab0c03c": "", "5a669800f038b7001ab0c03d": "", "5a669800f038b7001ab0c03e": "", "5a669800f038b7001ab0c03f": "", "5726462b708984140094c117": "The Computer Science Network", "5726462b708984140094c118": "to extend networking benefits", "5726462b708984140094c119": "", "5a55234d134fea001a0e1974": "", "5a55234d134fea001a0e1975": "", "5a55234d134fea001a0e1976": "computer science departments at academic and research institutions", "5a55234d134fea001a0e1977": "U.S. National Science Foundation", "5a55234d134fea001a0e1978": "ARPANET,", "5a669a2cf038b7001ab0c044": "", "5a669a2cf038b7001ab0c045": "to extend networking benefits", "5a669a2cf038b7001ab0c046": "", "5a669a2cf038b7001ab0c047": "spreading awareness of, and access to, national networking", "5a669a2cf038b7001ab0c048": "development of the global Internet.", "5726472bdd62a815002e8042": "a not-for-profit United States computer networking consortium", "5726472bdd62a815002e8043": "", "5726472bdd62a815002e8044": "Abilene,", "5726472bdd62a815002e8045": "", "5726472bdd62a815002e8046": "Abilene", "5a55242b134fea001a0e197e": "Level 3 Communications", "5a55242b134fea001a0e197f": "", "5a55242b134fea001a0e1980": "Internet2 Network.", "5a55242b134fea001a0e1981": "Internet2 Network.", "5a55242b134fea001a0e1982": "National LambdaRail", "5a669b3df038b7001ab0c04e": "1998", "5a669b3df038b7001ab0c04f": "", "5a669b3df038b7001ab0c050": "members from the research and education communities, industry, and government", "5a669b3df038b7001ab0c051": "National LambdaRail", "572647e2dd62a815002e805c": "The National Science Foundation Network", "572647e2dd62a815002e805d": "advanced research and education networking", "572647e2dd62a815002e805e": "", "5a552578134fea001a0e1990": "National Science Foundation", "5a552578134fea001a0e1991": "", "5a552578134fea001a0e1992": "", "5a552578134fea001a0e1993": "the Internet backbone.", "5a552578134fea001a0e1994": "", "5a669ca9f038b7001ab0c056": "advanced research and education networking", "5a669ca9f038b7001ab0c057": "", "5a669ca9f038b7001ab0c058": "", "5a669ca9f038b7001ab0c059": "", "572648d1708984140094c15d": "high-speed Backbone Network Service", "572648d1708984140094c15e": "high-speed interconnection", "572648d1708984140094c15f": "MCI Telecommunications", "572648d1708984140094c160": "", "572648d1708984140094c161": "", "5a55319c134fea001a0e19ba": "", "5a55319c134fea001a0e19bb": "", "5a55319c134fea001a0e19bc": "MCI Telecommunications under a cooperative agreement with the NSF.", "5a55319c134fea001a0e19bd": "", "5a55319c134fea001a0e19be": "", "5a669d5cf038b7001ab0c05e": "April 1995", "5a669d5cf038b7001ab0c05f": "MCI Telecommunications", "5a669d5cf038b7001ab0c060": "more than 100", "5a669d5cf038b7001ab0c061": "The vBNS", "5a669d5cf038b7001ab0c062": "12", "57264684708984140094c123": "", "57264684708984140094c124": "", "57264684708984140094c125": "", "57264684708984140094c126": "the 17th century", "57264684708984140094c127": "", "5a2eb84ba83784001a7d241f": "", "5a2eb84ba83784001a7d2420": "1343", "5a2eb84ba83784001a7d2421": "", "5a2eb84ba83784001a7d2422": "30\u201360%", "5a2eb84ba83784001a7d2423": "1343", "572647935951b619008f6ec9": "commonly present) in populations of fleas carried by ground rodents", "572647935951b619008f6eca": "1338\u201339", "572647935951b619008f6ecb": "China.", "572647935951b619008f6ecc": "1331", "572647935951b619008f6ecd": "25 million", "5a2eb95ca83784001a7d2429": "", "5a2eb95ca83784001a7d242a": "13th century", "5a2eb95ca83784001a7d242b": "", "5a2eb95ca83784001a7d242c": "", "5a2eb95ca83784001a7d242d": "", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0a": "Genoese traders", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0b": "Jani Beg", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0c": "infected corpses", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0d": "", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0e": "war, famine, and weather", "5a2eba17a83784001a7d2433": "", "5a2eba17a83784001a7d2434": "", "5a2eba17a83784001a7d2435": "", "5a2eba17a83784001a7d2436": "", "5a2eba17a83784001a7d2437": "Jani Beg", "572648ed5951b619008f6f03": "northwest", "572648ed5951b619008f6f04": "", "572648ed5951b619008f6f05": "", "572648ed5951b619008f6f06": "Germany and Scandinavia", "572648ed5951b619008f6f07": "Ask\u00f8y,", "5a2ebaada83784001a7d243d": "1351", "5a2ebaada83784001a7d243e": "", "5a2ebaada83784001a7d243f": "1351", "5a2ebaada83784001a7d2440": "", "5a2ebaada83784001a7d2441": "", "57264991f1498d1400e8db2e": "depopulation", "57264991f1498d1400e8db2f": "autumn 1347", "57264991f1498d1400e8db30": "autumn 1347", "57264991f1498d1400e8db31": "", "5a2ebb5fa83784001a7d2447": "", "5a2ebb5fa83784001a7d2448": "the north", "5a2ebb5fa83784001a7d2449": "", "5a2ebb5fa83784001a7d244a": "", "5a2ebb5fa83784001a7d244b": "", "57264a74708984140094c18b": "J.I. Pontanus:", "57264a74708984140094c18c": "atra mors", "57264a74708984140094c18d": "Gasquet", "57264a74708984140094c18e": "1631", "57264a74708984140094c18f": "Germany,", "5a2ec431a83784001a7d2451": "", "5a2ec431a83784001a7d2452": "1823", "5a2ec431a83784001a7d2453": "", "5a2ec431a83784001a7d2454": "1823", "5a2ec431a83784001a7d2455": "atra mors", "57264b3edd62a815002e80aa": "", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ab": "", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ac": "Miasma", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ad": "", "5a2ec55da83784001a7d245b": "", "5a2ec55da83784001a7d245c": "bad air", "5a2ec55da83784001a7d245d": "", "5a2ec55da83784001a7d245e": "", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c6": "", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c7": "1894", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c8": "", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c9": "", "57264c42dd62a815002e80ca": "two populations of rodents", "5a2ec77ba83784001a7d2463": "", "5a2ec77ba83784001a7d2464": "", "5a2ec77ba83784001a7d2465": "", "5a2ec77ba83784001a7d2466": "", "5a2ec77ba83784001a7d2467": "Alexandre Yersin,", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e4": "Francis Aidan Gasquet", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e5": "bubonic plague", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e6": "1908", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e7": "rats and fleas", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e8": "Justinian plague that was prevalent in the Eastern Roman Empire", "5a2ec82fa83784001a7d246d": "", "5a2ec82fa83784001a7d246e": "541 to 700 CE.", "5a2ec82fa83784001a7d246f": "", "5a2ec82fa83784001a7d2470": "", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7a": "30\u201375%", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7b": "", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7c": "80", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7d": "", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7e": "", "5a2ec98aa83784001a7d2477": "bright red", "5a2ec98aa83784001a7d2478": "", "5a2ec98aa83784001a7d2479": "38\u201341 \u00b0C", "5a2ec98aa83784001a7d247a": "", "5a2ec98aa83784001a7d247b": "", "57264e2f708984140094c1e1": "October 2010,", "57264e2f708984140094c1e2": "", "57264e2f708984140094c1e3": "Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques", "57264e2f708984140094c1e4": "1998", "57264e2f708984140094c1e5": "", "5a2eca47a83784001a7d2481": "", "5a2eca47a83784001a7d2482": "", "5a2eca47a83784001a7d2483": "", "5a2eca47a83784001a7d2484": "", "5a2eca47a83784001a7d2485": "", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbae": "genetic branches", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbaf": "", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb0": "", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb1": "November 1347", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb2": "spring of 1349", "5a2ecb43a83784001a7d248b": "", "5a2ecb43a83784001a7d248c": "1349", "5a2ecb43a83784001a7d248d": "", "5a2ecb43a83784001a7d248e": "", "5a2ecb43a83784001a7d248f": "", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa1": "", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa2": "England,", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa3": "", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa4": "October 2011", "5a2ecbe9a83784001a7d2495": "", "5a2ecbe9a83784001a7d2496": "", "5a2ecbe9a83784001a7d2497": "", "5a2ecbe9a83784001a7d2498": "", "5726509bdd62a815002e815a": "J. F. D. Shrewsbury", "5726509bdd62a815002e815b": "", "5726509bdd62a815002e815c": "", "5726509bdd62a815002e815d": "", "5726509bdd62a815002e815e": "", "5a2eccc9a83784001a7d249f": "", "5a2eccc9a83784001a7d24a0": "", "5a2eccc9a83784001a7d24a1": "zoologist", "5a2eccc9a83784001a7d24a2": "", "5a2eccc9a83784001a7d24a3": "", "5726516a708984140094c223": "an epidemiological account", "5726516a708984140094c224": "lack of reliable statistics", "5726516a708984140094c225": "over 100%", "5726516a708984140094c226": "", "5726516a708984140094c227": "1377", "5a2ecd6da83784001a7d24a9": "", "5a2ecd6da83784001a7d24aa": "", "5a2ecd6da83784001a7d24ab": "", "5a2ecd6da83784001a7d24ac": "", "57265285708984140094c25b": "", "57265285708984140094c25c": "marginal significance", "57265285708984140094c25d": "", "57265285708984140094c25e": "faster", "57265285708984140094c25f": "", "5a2eced7a83784001a7d24b1": "", "5a2eced7a83784001a7d24b2": "too cold", "5a2eced7a83784001a7d24b3": "", "5a2eced7a83784001a7d24b4": "", "5a2eced7a83784001a7d24b5": "", "5726534d708984140094c26d": "", "5726534d708984140094c26e": "", "5726534d708984140094c26f": "", "5726534d708984140094c270": "blood poisoning", "5726534d708984140094c271": "", "5a2ecfb1a83784001a7d24c5": "", "5a2ecfb1a83784001a7d24c6": "", "5a2ecfb1a83784001a7d24c7": "", "5a2ecfb1a83784001a7d24c8": "", "5a2ecfb1a83784001a7d24c9": "", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc28": "40%", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc29": "40%", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2a": "at least some pre-planning and Christian burials", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2b": "50%", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2c": "", "5a2ed0a0a83784001a7d24cf": "", "5a2ed0a0a83784001a7d24d0": "", "5a2ed0a0a83784001a7d24d1": "1348", "5a2ed0a0a83784001a7d24d2": "", "5a2ed0a0a83784001a7d24d3": "", "572654e2708984140094c2b7": "14th to 17th centuries", "572654e2708984140094c2b8": "Geoffrey Parker, \"France alone lost almost a million people to the plague in the epidemic of 1628\u201331.\"", "572654e2708984140094c2b9": "almost a million", "5a2ed136a83784001a7d24d9": "", "5a2ed136a83784001a7d24da": "1664\u201367", "5a2ed136a83784001a7d24db": "", "5a2ed136a83784001a7d24dc": "Europe", "5a2ed136a83784001a7d24dd": "almost a million", "5726559edd62a815002e81c8": "", "5726559edd62a815002e81c9": "1665", "5726559edd62a815002e81ca": "10\u201315%", "5726559edd62a815002e81cb": "1665", "5a2ed246a83784001a7d24e3": "", "5a2ed246a83784001a7d24e4": "", "5a2ed246a83784001a7d24e5": "", "5a2ed246a83784001a7d24e6": "", "5a2ed246a83784001a7d24e7": "", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc68": "40,000", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc69": "Russia,", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6a": "22", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6b": "", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6c": "1654", "5a2ed354a83784001a7d24ed": "40,000", "5a2ed354a83784001a7d24ee": "", "5a2ed354a83784001a7d24ef": "", "5a2ed354a83784001a7d24f0": "troop movements", "5a2ed354a83784001a7d24f1": "", "57265700dd62a815002e820e": "1.7 million", "57265700dd62a815002e820f": "about half of Naples' 300,000", "57265700dd62a815002e8210": "", "57265700dd62a815002e8211": "", "57265700dd62a815002e8212": "1720", "5a2ed42fa83784001a7d24f7": "", "5a2ed42fa83784001a7d24f8": "Sweden v. Russia", "5a2ed42fa83784001a7d24f9": "14%", "5a2ed42fa83784001a7d24fa": "300,000", "5a2ed42fa83784001a7d24fb": "", "5726577f708984140094c301": "1500 and 1850", "5726577f708984140094c302": "30 to 50 thousand", "5726577f708984140094c303": "between 1500 and 1850. Plague repeatedly struck the cities of North Africa. Algiers lost 30 to 50 thousand inhabitants to it in 1620\u201321, and again in 1654\u201357, 1665, 1691, and 1740\u201342. Plague remained a major event in Ottoman society until the second quarter of the 19th century.", "5726577f708984140094c304": "two-thirds", "5a2ed525a83784001a7d2501": "", "5a2ed525a83784001a7d2502": "", "5a2ed525a83784001a7d2503": "", "5a2ed525a83784001a7d2504": "virtually every year between 1500 and 1850", "5a2ed525a83784001a7d2505": "", "572657d9dd62a815002e8230": "melt", "572657d9dd62a815002e8231": "igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic", "572657d9dd62a815002e8232": "a new magma", "572657d9dd62a815002e8233": "igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic", "572657d9dd62a815002e8234": "heat and pressure", "5a57c667770dc0001aeefd66": "", "5a57c667770dc0001aeefd67": "", "5a57c667770dc0001aeefd68": "", "5a57c667770dc0001aeefd69": "", "5a57c667770dc0001aeefd6a": "", "5a58cfd63e1742001a15ce32": "", "5a58cfd63e1742001a15ce33": "", "5a58cfd63e1742001a15ce34": "sedimentary rock", "5a58cfd63e1742001a15ce35": "", "5a58cfd63e1742001a15ce36": "heat and pressure", "57265d08708984140094c397": "seafloor spreading", "57265d08708984140094c398": "", "57265d08708984140094c399": "", "57265d08708984140094c39a": "convecting mantle", "57265d08708984140094c39b": "1960s", "5a57ca90770dc0001aeefd70": "", "5a57ca90770dc0001aeefd71": "", "5a57ca90770dc0001aeefd72": "", "5a57ca90770dc0001aeefd73": "", "5a57ca90770dc0001aeefd74": "", "5a58d33e3e1742001a15ce3c": "", "5a58d33e3e1742001a15ce3d": "", "5a58d33e3e1742001a15ce3e": "", "5a58d33e3e1742001a15ce3f": "", "5a58d33e3e1742001a15ce40": "", "57265f605951b619008f70db": "Mid-ocean ridges,", "57265f605951b619008f70dc": "convergent boundaries", "57265f605951b619008f70dd": "", "57265f605951b619008f70de": "Alfred Wegener's", "57265f605951b619008f70df": "convecting", "5a57cc97770dc0001aeefd84": "", "5a57cc97770dc0001aeefd86": "", "5a57cc97770dc0001aeefd87": "", "5a57cc97770dc0001aeefd88": "", "5a58db973e1742001a15ce4e": "", "5a58db973e1742001a15ce4f": "", "5a58db973e1742001a15ce50": "", "5a58db973e1742001a15ce51": "Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift,", "5a58db973e1742001a15ce52": "", "57266193dd62a815002e832a": "seismic waves", "57266193dd62a815002e832b": "", "57266193dd62a815002e832c": "", "57266193dd62a815002e832d": "410 and 660 kilometers", "57266193dd62a815002e832e": "wave speeds", "5a57cf7a770dc0001aeefda2": "", "5a57cf7a770dc0001aeefda3": "", "5a57cf7a770dc0001aeefda4": "", "5a57cf7a770dc0001aeefda5": "", "5a57cf7a770dc0001aeefda6": "", "5a58dd513e1742001a15ce61": "", "5a58dd513e1742001a15ce62": "", "5a58dd513e1742001a15ce63": "", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf2": "the most recent eon with an expanded scale. The second scale compresses the most recent era,", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf4": "the Quaternary", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf5": "The Holocene", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf6": "Quaternary period.", "5a57d364770dc0001aeefdc8": "", "5a57d364770dc0001aeefdc9": "", "5a57d364770dc0001aeefdca": "", "5a57d364770dc0001aeefdcb": "fourth scale", "5a57d364770dc0001aeefdcc": "", "5a58e3833e1742001a15ce82": "", "5a58e3833e1742001a15ce83": "", "5a58e3833e1742001a15ce84": "", "5a58e3833e1742001a15ce85": "", "5a58e3833e1742001a15ce86": "", "572665ff708984140094c4c3": "cross-cutting relationships", "572665ff708984140094c4c4": "older", "572665ff708984140094c4c5": "the key bed", "572665ff708984140094c4c6": "older than the fault, and the ones that are not cut must be younger", "5a57d668770dc0001aeefde6": "", "5a57d668770dc0001aeefde7": "", "5a57d668770dc0001aeefde8": "", "5a57d668770dc0001aeefde9": "", "5a57d668770dc0001aeefdea": "", "5a58e9133e1742001a15cea6": "", "5a58e9133e1742001a15cea7": "", "5a58e9133e1742001a15cea8": "", "5a58e9133e1742001a15cea9": "", "5a58e9133e1742001a15ceaa": "", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de90": "xenoliths are found. These foreign bodies are picked up as magma or lava flows, and are incorporated, later to cool in the matrix. As a result, xenoliths", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de91": "", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de92": "clasts", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de93": "inclusions and components", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de94": "gravel", "5a57eee0770dc0001aeefed8": "", "5a57eee0770dc0001aeefed9": "", "5a57eee0770dc0001aeefeda": "", "5a57eee0770dc0001aeefedb": "", "5a57eee0770dc0001aeefedc": "", "5a58f69e3e1742001a15cede": "", "5a58f69e3e1742001a15cedf": "", "5a58f69e3e1742001a15cee0": "", "5a58f69e3e1742001a15cee1": "", "5a58f69e3e1742001a15cee2": "", "572669a9dd62a815002e8416": "faunal succession", "572669a9dd62a815002e8417": "William Smith", "572669a9dd62a815002e8418": "complex", "572669a9dd62a815002e8419": "organisms", "572669a9dd62a815002e841a": "Charles Darwin's", "5a57f0ea770dc0001aeefee2": "", "5a57f0ea770dc0001aeefee3": "", "5a57f0ea770dc0001aeefee4": "", "5a57f0ea770dc0001aeefee5": "", "5a57f0ea770dc0001aeefee6": "fossilization", "5a58feb63e1742001a15cf2e": "", "5a58feb63e1742001a15cf2f": "William Smith", "5a58feb63e1742001a15cf30": "", "5a58feb63e1742001a15cf31": "", "5a58feb63e1742001a15cf32": "evolutionary thought", "57266c015951b619008f7237": "", "57266c015951b619008f7238": "fossils and stratigraphic", "57266c015951b619008f7239": "new absolute ages", "57266c015951b619008f723a": "one another", "57266c015951b619008f723b": "fossil sequences", "5a57f487770dc0001aeefefc": "", "5a57f487770dc0001aeefefd": "understanding of geologic time", "5a57f487770dc0001aeefefe": "", "5a57f487770dc0001aeefeff": "", "5a57f487770dc0001aeeff00": "", "5a59002d3e1742001a15cf38": "", "5a59002d3e1742001a15cf39": "", "5a59002d3e1742001a15cf3a": "", "5a59002d3e1742001a15cf3b": "new absolute ages", "5a59002d3e1742001a15cf3c": "there was datable material", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8c": "", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8d": "closure temperature", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8e": "These", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8f": "Dating of lava and volcanic ash layers found within a stratigraphic sequence", "5a57f717770dc0001aeeff06": "", "5a57f717770dc0001aeeff07": "", "5a57f717770dc0001aeeff08": "", "5a57f717770dc0001aeeff09": "", "5a57f717770dc0001aeeff0a": "", "5a5904ed3e1742001a15cf42": "", "5a5904ed3e1742001a15cf43": "", "5a5904ed3e1742001a15cf44": "", "5a5904ed3e1742001a15cf45": "", "5a5904ed3e1742001a15cf46": "", "5726701add62a815002e84c8": "rock units", "5726701add62a815002e84c9": "shallow crust", "5726701add62a815002e84ca": "antiforms", "5726701add62a815002e84cb": "synforms", "5726701add62a815002e84cc": "anticlines and synclines", "5a57fb62770dc0001aeeff10": "", "5a57fb62770dc0001aeeff11": "", "5a57fb62770dc0001aeeff12": "", "5a57fb62770dc0001aeeff13": "", "5a57fb62770dc0001aeeff14": "thrust", "5a5909b13e1742001a15cf4c": "", "5a5909b13e1742001a15cf4d": "superposition", "5a5909b13e1742001a15cf4e": "plastically", "5a5909b13e1742001a15cf4f": "", "5a5909b13e1742001a15cf50": "", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe4": "Extension", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe5": "boudins", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe6": "", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe7": "metamorphosed", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe8": "", "5a57fe29770dc0001aeeff1a": "", "5a57fe29770dc0001aeeff1b": "", "5a57fe29770dc0001aeeff1c": "", "5a57fe29770dc0001aeeff1d": "", "5a57fe29770dc0001aeeff1e": "", "5a590de93e1742001a15cf56": "", "5a590de93e1742001a15cf57": "", "5a590de93e1742001a15cf58": "", "5a590de93e1742001a15cf59": "", "5a590de93e1742001a15cf5a": "", "572673f5708984140094c69b": "Dikes,", "572673f5708984140094c69c": "", "572673f5708984140094c69d": "topographic", "572673f5708984140094c69e": "Continual motion along the fault", "572673f5708984140094c69f": "Deformational", "5a580070770dc0001aeeff36": "", "5a580070770dc0001aeeff37": "", "5a580070770dc0001aeeff38": "", "5a580070770dc0001aeeff39": "", "5a580070770dc0001aeeff3a": "accommodation space", "5a590efb3e1742001a15cf60": "", "5a590efb3e1742001a15cf61": "material on the rock unit that is increasing in elevation to be eroded", "5a590efb3e1742001a15cf62": "", "5a590efb3e1742001a15cf63": "topographic gradients", "5a590efb3e1742001a15cf64": "rings of dikes around the lava tube of a volcano", "57267640f1498d1400e8e074": "layered basaltic lava flows", "57267640f1498d1400e8e075": "", "57267640f1498d1400e8e076": "basaltic lava", "57267640f1498d1400e8e077": "", "57267640f1498d1400e8e078": "Slave craton in northwestern Canada,", "5a580429770dc0001aeeff46": "", "5a580429770dc0001aeeff47": "metamorphosed, faulted, foliated, and folded", "5a580429770dc0001aeeff48": "", "5a580429770dc0001aeeff49": "", "5a580429770dc0001aeeff4a": "", "5a5915043e1742001a15cf6a": "", "5a5915043e1742001a15cf6b": "", "5a5915043e1742001a15cf6c": "", "5a5915043e1742001a15cf6d": "", "5a5915043e1742001a15cf6e": "", "572677e7708984140094c723": "the study of rocks", "572677e7708984140094c724": "study of sedimentary layers", "572677e7708984140094c725": "study of positions of rock units and their deformation", "572677e7708984140094c726": "soils, rivers, landscapes, and glaciers", "5a5808ef770dc0001aeeff66": "", "5a5808ef770dc0001aeeff67": "", "5a5808ef770dc0001aeeff68": "geophysical", "5a5808ef770dc0001aeeff69": "", "5a5808ef770dc0001aeeff6a": "", "5a5915cd3e1742001a15cf74": "", "5a5915cd3e1742001a15cf75": "", "5a5915cd3e1742001a15cf76": "", "5a5915cd3e1742001a15cf77": "", "5a5915cd3e1742001a15cf78": "modern soils, rivers, landscapes, and glaciers", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ec": "", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ed": "interference", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ee": "geochemical evolution of rock units", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ef": "petrologists identify rock samples in the laboratory", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0f0": "optical", "5a580ab1770dc0001aeeff78": "", "5a580ab1770dc0001aeeff79": "", "5a580ab1770dc0001aeeff7a": "electron microprobe", "5a580ab1770dc0001aeeff7b": "", "5a580ab1770dc0001aeeff7c": "", "5a5918ff3e1742001a15cf7e": "", "5a5918ff3e1742001a15cf7f": "their exact chemical compositions and variation in composition", "5a5918ff3e1742001a15cf80": "thin sections", "5a5918ff3e1742001a15cf81": "optical microscopy", "5a5918ff3e1742001a15cf82": "conoscopic lens", "57267b3c5951b619008f7423": "high temperature and pressure physical experiments", "57267b3c5951b619008f7424": "high temperature and pressure physical experiments", "57267b3c5951b619008f7425": "metamorphic processes", "5a580d05770dc0001aeeff96": "", "5a580d05770dc0001aeeff97": "", "5a580d05770dc0001aeeff98": "", "5a580d05770dc0001aeeff99": "", "5a580d05770dc0001aeeff9a": "", "5a591a5f3e1742001a15cf88": "", "5a591a5f3e1742001a15cf89": "", "5a591a5f3e1742001a15cf8a": "", "5a591a5f3e1742001a15cf8b": "", "57267d52708984140094c7d9": "Structural", "57267d52708984140094c7da": "microscopic analysis of oriented thin sections of geologic samples", "57267d52708984140094c7db": "plot", "57267d52708984140094c7dc": "analog and numerical", "5a5810c4770dc0001aeeffb8": "", "5a5810c4770dc0001aeeffb9": "", "5a5810c4770dc0001aeeffba": "", "5a5810c4770dc0001aeeffbb": "", "5a5810c4770dc0001aeeffbc": "", "5a591f773e1742001a15cfa4": "", "5a591f773e1742001a15cfa5": "microscopic analysis of oriented thin sections of geologic samples", "5a591f773e1742001a15cfa6": "strain", "5a591f773e1742001a15cfa7": "", "5a591f773e1742001a15cfa8": "", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872c": "orogenic wedges", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872d": "orogenic wedges", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872e": "sand", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872f": "all angles remain the same) orogenic wedge", "57267ebfdd62a815002e8730": "Numerical models", "5a5812f9770dc0001aeeffd0": "", "5a5812f9770dc0001aeeffd1": "more sophisticated", "5a5812f9770dc0001aeeffd2": "", "5a5812f9770dc0001aeeffd3": "", "5a5812f9770dc0001aeeffd4": "", "5a5920963e1742001a15cfae": "", "5a5920963e1742001a15cfaf": "", "5a5920963e1742001a15cfb0": "", "5a5920963e1742001a15cfb1": "", "5a5920963e1742001a15cfb2": "", "57268066708984140094c821": "stratigraphers", "57268066708984140094c822": "geophysical", "57268066708984140094c823": "Geophysical data and well logs", "57268066708984140094c824": "computer programs", "57268066708984140094c825": "water, coal, and hydrocarbon", "5a581597770dc0001aeeffe2": "", "5a581597770dc0001aeeffe3": "samples of stratigraphic sections that can be returned from the field, such as those from drill cores", "5a581597770dc0001aeeffe4": "", "5a581597770dc0001aeeffe5": "", "5a581597770dc0001aeeffe6": "", "5a5929d33e1742001a15cfc2": "", "5a5929d33e1742001a15cfc3": "", "5a5929d33e1742001a15cfc4": "", "5a5929d33e1742001a15cfc5": "", "5a5929d33e1742001a15cfc6": "", "57268220f1498d1400e8e216": "biostratigraphers", "57268220f1498d1400e8e217": "Geochronologists", "57268220f1498d1400e8e218": "to provide better absolute bounds on the timing and rates of deposition", "57268220f1498d1400e8e219": "Magnetic stratigraphers", "5a5817e3770dc0001aeeffec": "", "5a5817e3770dc0001aeeffed": "", "5a5817e3770dc0001aeeffee": "", "5a5817e3770dc0001aeeffef": "", "5a5817e3770dc0001aeefff0": "signs of magnetic reversals", "5a592b593e1742001a15cfcc": "", "5a592b593e1742001a15cfcd": "These fossils", "5a592b593e1742001a15cfce": "signs of magnetic reversals in igneous rock units within the drill cores", "5a592b593e1742001a15cfcf": "", "5a592b593e1742001a15cfd0": "stable isotope", "572683f95951b619008f7525": "Persia", "572683f95951b619008f7526": "Abu al-Rayhan al-Biruni", "572683f95951b619008f7527": "Shen Kuo", "572683f95951b619008f7528": "Ibn Sina", "572683f95951b619008f7529": "fossil animal shells", "5a581adb770dc0001aeefff6": "Persia", "5a581adb770dc0001aeefff7": "the Indian subcontinent was once a sea.", "5a581adb770dc0001aeefff8": "", "5a581adb770dc0001aeefff9": "fossil animal shells", "5a581adb770dc0001aeefffa": "", "5a592c9d3e1742001a15cfd6": "", "5a592c9d3e1742001a15cfd7": "polymath", "5a592c9d3e1742001a15cfd8": "", "5a592c9d3e1742001a15cfd9": "geology of India,", "5a592c9d3e1742001a15cfda": "", "57268527708984140094c8bf": "James Hutton", "57268527708984140094c8c0": "Theory of the Earth", "57268527708984140094c8c1": "1795", "57268527708984140094c8c2": "the Earth must be much older than had previously been supposed in order to allow enough time for mountains to be eroded", "5a581bda770dc0001aef0000": "", "5a581bda770dc0001aef0001": "", "5a581bda770dc0001aef0002": "Theory of the Earth", "5a581bda770dc0001aef0003": "the Earth must be much older", "5a581bda770dc0001aef0004": "", "5a592d703e1742001a15cfea": "", "5a592d703e1742001a15cfeb": "1785", "5a592d703e1742001a15cfec": "to allow enough time for mountains to be eroded", "5a592d703e1742001a15cfed": "James Hutton", "5a592d703e1742001a15cfee": "", "572686ac5951b619008f75a9": "William Maclure.", "572686ac5951b619008f75aa": "1809", "572686ac5951b619008f75ab": "1807", "572686ac5951b619008f75ac": "American Philosophical Society", "572686ac5951b619008f75ad": "Observations on the Geology of the United States", "5a581e5d770dc0001aef000a": "", "5a581e5d770dc0001aef000b": "", "5a581e5d770dc0001aef000c": "", "5a581e5d770dc0001aef000d": "", "5a581e5d770dc0001aef000e": "", "5a592e733e1742001a15cff4": "1809", "5a592e733e1742001a15cff5": "50", "5a592e733e1742001a15cff6": "", "5a592e733e1742001a15cff7": "1807", "5a592e733e1742001a15cff8": "", "57268882f1498d1400e8e306": "Principles of Geology,", "57268882f1498d1400e8e307": "uniformitarianism", "57268882f1498d1400e8e308": "catastrophism", "57268882f1498d1400e8e309": "catastrophism", "57268882f1498d1400e8e30a": "Charles Darwin,", "5a582cfa770dc0001aef0014": "Principles of Geology,", "5a582cfa770dc0001aef0015": "", "5a582cfa770dc0001aef0016": "", "5a582cfa770dc0001aef0017": "theory that Earth's features formed in single, catastrophic events and remained unchanged thereafter.", "5a582cfa770dc0001aef0018": "", "5a592f3f3e1742001a15cffe": "Principles of Geology,", "5a592f3f3e1742001a15cfff": "", "5a592f3f3e1742001a15d000": "", "5a592f3f3e1742001a15d001": "", "5a592f3f3e1742001a15d002": "", "5726d8bd708984140094d35b": "pharma", "5726d8bd708984140094d35c": "tobacco and patent medicines", "5726d8bd708984140094d35d": "", "5726d8bd708984140094d35e": "outdated or only approproriate", "5726d8bd708984140094d35f": "", "5a6cb5c14eec6b001a80a624": "", "5a6cb5c14eec6b001a80a625": "", "5a6cb5c14eec6b001a80a626": "", "5a6cb5c14eec6b001a80a628": "15th\u201317th", "5726d9935951b619008f7fed": "healthcare", "5726d9935951b619008f7fee": "optimal", "5726d9935951b619008f7fef": "drug", "5726d9935951b619008f7ff0": "optimisation of a drug treatment for an individual", "5726d9935951b619008f7ff1": "", "5a6cb66c4eec6b001a80a62e": "", "5a6cb66c4eec6b001a80a62f": "", "5a6cb66c4eec6b001a80a630": "", "5a6cb66c4eec6b001a80a631": "", "5a6cb66c4eec6b001a80a632": "", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b2": "The GPhC", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b3": "General Pharmaceutical Council", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b4": "", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b5": "health care professional", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b6": "", "5a6cb7ce4eec6b001a80a638": "", "5a6cb7ce4eec6b001a80a639": "", "5a6cb7ce4eec6b001a80a63a": "", "5a6cb7ce4eec6b001a80a63b": "", "5726db5add62a815002e92d4": "In Ancient Greece,", "5726db5add62a815002e92d5": "physician", "5726db5add62a815002e92d6": "De Materia Medica", "5726db5add62a815002e92d7": "materia medica", "5726db5add62a815002e92d8": "", "5a6cb89e4eec6b001a80a640": "In Ancient Greece,", "5a6cb89e4eec6b001a80a641": "", "5a6cb89e4eec6b001a80a642": "De Materia Medica", "5a6cb89e4eec6b001a80a643": "", "5a6cb89e4eec6b001a80a644": "", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9320": "highly respected", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9321": "Taih\u014d Code (701) and re-stated in the Y\u014dr\u014d Code", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9322": "", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9323": "Ranked positions in the pre-Heian Imperial court were established; and this organizational structure remained largely intact until the Meiji Restoration (1868). In this highly stable hierarchy, the pharmacists\u2014and even pharmacist assistants\u2014were assigned status superior", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9324": "above", "5a6cba504eec6b001a80a64a": "", "5a6cba504eec6b001a80a64b": "", "5a6cba504eec6b001a80a64c": "above the two personal physicians", "5a6cba504eec6b001a80a64d": "", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee04": "Middle East in botany and chemistry", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee05": "Muhammad ibn Zakar\u012bya R\u0101zi", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee06": "", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee07": "", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee08": "Al-Biruni", "5a6cbba74eec6b001a80a652": "", "5a6cbba74eec6b001a80a653": "", "5a6cbba74eec6b001a80a654": "Al-Biruni", "5a6cbba74eec6b001a80a655": "", "5a6cbba74eec6b001a80a656": "", "5726deed5951b619008f80c5": "1422", "5726deed5951b619008f80c6": "Church of Santa Maria Novella", "5726deed5951b619008f80c7": "a museum", "5726deed5951b619008f80c8": "", "5726deed5951b619008f80c9": "1221", "5a6cdddf4eec6b001a80a65c": "", "5a6cdddf4eec6b001a80a65d": "", "5a6cdddf4eec6b001a80a65e": "", "5a6cdddf4eec6b001a80a65f": "", "5726e08e5951b619008f810f": "pharmacy legislation", "5726e08e5951b619008f8110": "", "5726e08e5951b619008f8111": "automation", "5726e08e5951b619008f8112": "patients' prescriptions and patient safety issues", "5726e08e5951b619008f8113": "", "5a6ce1054eec6b001a80a664": "", "5a6ce1054eec6b001a80a665": "", "5a6ce1054eec6b001a80a666": "", "5a6ce1054eec6b001a80a667": "", "5a6ce1054eec6b001a80a668": "", "5726e179dd62a815002e93ae": "", "5726e179dd62a815002e93af": "various disciplines of pharmacy", "5726e179dd62a815002e93b0": "medications", "5726e179dd62a815002e93b1": "", "5a6ce1ca4eec6b001a80a66e": "", "5a6ce1ca4eec6b001a80a66f": "", "5a6ce1ca4eec6b001a80a670": "", "5a6ce1ca4eec6b001a80a671": "", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb2": "within the premises of the hospital", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb3": "unit-dose, or a single dose of medicine", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb4": "", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb5": "", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb6": "", "5a6ce2ec4eec6b001a80a676": "", "5a6ce2ec4eec6b001a80a677": "", "5a6ce2ec4eec6b001a80a678": "", "5a6ce2ec4eec6b001a80a679": "", "5a6ce2ec4eec6b001a80a67a": "high cost of medications and drug-related technology", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9404": "direct patient care services that optimizes the use of medication and promotes health, wellness, and disease prevention", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9405": "inside hospitals and clinics", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9406": "physicians and other healthcare professionals", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9407": "patient care rounds drug product selection", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9408": "all health care settings, but the clinical pharmacy movement initially began inside hospitals and clinics. Clinical pharmacists often collaborate with physicians and other healthcare professionals to improve pharmaceutical care.", "5a6ce4164eec6b001a80a680": "", "5a6ce4164eec6b001a80a681": "", "5a6ce4164eec6b001a80a682": "", "5a6ce4164eec6b001a80a683": "", "5726e5c95951b619008f81cb": "creating a comprehensive drug therapy plan for patient-specific problems, identifying goals of therapy, and reviewing all prescribed medications prior to dispensing and administration to the patient", "5726e5c95951b619008f81cc": "", "5726e5c95951b619008f81cd": "drug choice, dose, route, frequency, and duration of therapy", "5726e5c95951b619008f81ce": "potential drug interactions, adverse drug reactions, and assess patient drug allergies", "5a6ce4fa4eec6b001a80a688": "", "5a6ce4fa4eec6b001a80a689": "", "5a6ce4fa4eec6b001a80a68a": "", "5a6ce4fa4eec6b001a80a68b": "", "5726e985dd62a815002e94da": "independent prescribing authority", "5726e985dd62a815002e94db": "", "5726e985dd62a815002e94dc": "2011", "5726e985dd62a815002e94dd": "Board Certified Ambulatory Care Pharmacist", "5726e985dd62a815002e94de": "VA, the Indian Health Service, and NIH)", "5a6ce55e4eec6b001a80a690": "", "5a6ce55e4eec6b001a80a691": "", "5a6ce55e4eec6b001a80a692": "", "5a6ce55e4eec6b001a80a693": "", "5a6ce55e4eec6b001a80a694": "", "5726ea985951b619008f8261": "medication regimen review", "5726ea985951b619008f8262": "nursing homes", "5726ea985951b619008f8263": "Omnicare, Kindred Healthcare and PharMerica).", "5726ea985951b619008f8264": "many elderly people are now taking numerous medications but continue to live outside of institutional settings", "5726ea985951b619008f8265": "employ consultant pharmacists and/or provide consulting services", "5a6ce6164eec6b001a80a69a": "", "5a6ce6164eec6b001a80a69b": "nursing homes", "5a6ce6164eec6b001a80a69c": "", "5a6ce6164eec6b001a80a69d": "many elderly people are now taking numerous medications but continue to live outside of institutional settings", "5a6ce6164eec6b001a80a69e": "", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826b": "", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826c": "", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826d": "", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826e": "", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826f": "the method by which the medications are requested and received", "5a6ce6b54eec6b001a80a6a4": "", "5a6ce6b54eec6b001a80a6a5": "", "5a6ce6b54eec6b001a80a6a6": "", "5a6ce6b54eec6b001a80a6a7": "", "5a6ce6b54eec6b001a80a6a8": "", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00c": "", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00d": "", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00e": "potentially dangerous", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00f": "", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f010": "", "5a6ce7444eec6b001a80a6ae": "", "5a6ce7444eec6b001a80a6af": "", "5a6ce7444eec6b001a80a6b0": "", "5a6ce7444eec6b001a80a6b1": "", "5726edecdd62a815002e957f": "", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05e": "", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05f": "", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f060": "ensure that the prescription is valid", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f061": "individual state laws", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f062": "Vicodin,", "5a6ce8ea4eec6b001a80a6b6": "", "5a6ce8ea4eec6b001a80a6b7": "", "5a6ce8ea4eec6b001a80a6b8": "", "5a6ce8ea4eec6b001a80a6b9": "", "5a6ce8ea4eec6b001a80a6ba": "", "5726f0e35951b619008f82f7": "reduce consumer costs", "5726f0e35951b619008f82f8": "Canada", "5726f0e35951b619008f82f9": "", "5726f0e35951b619008f82fa": "no", "5726f0e35951b619008f82fb": "legalize importation of medications", "5a6ce9ab4eec6b001a80a6c0": "reduce consumer costs", "5a6ce9ab4eec6b001a80a6c1": "", "5a6ce9ab4eec6b001a80a6c2": "", "5a6ce9ab4eec6b001a80a6c3": "", "5726f2375951b619008f830f": "pharmacy practice science and applied information science", "5726f2375951b619008f8310": "information technology departments or for healthcare information technology vendor companies", "5726f2375951b619008f8311": "major national and international patient information projects and health system interoperability goals", "5726f2375951b619008f8312": "", "5726f2375951b619008f8313": "to meet the needs of major national and international patient information projects and health system interoperability goals", "5a6ceb164eec6b001a80a6c8": "", "5a6ceb164eec6b001a80a6c9": "", "5a6ceb164eec6b001a80a6ca": "", "5a6ceb164eec6b001a80a6cb": "", "5726f36cdd62a815002e95fe": "It", "5726f36cdd62a815002e95ff": "19", "5726f36cdd62a815002e9600": "cancer, hepatitis, and rheumatoid arthritis", "5726f36cdd62a815002e9601": "injectable, oral, infused, or inhaled", "5726f36cdd62a815002e9602": "lab monitoring, adherence counseling, and assist patients with cost-containment strategies needed to obtain their expensive specialty drugs", "5a6ceb7a4eec6b001a80a6d0": "", "5a6ceb7a4eec6b001a80a6d1": "", "5a6ceb7a4eec6b001a80a6d2": "", "5a6ceb7a4eec6b001a80a6d3": "", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0da": "separately from physicians", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0db": "pharmacists", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dc": "American Medical Association (AMA) Code of Ethics", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dd": "7 to 10 percent", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0de": "", "5a6cecdb4eec6b001a80a6d8": "", "5a6cecdb4eec6b001a80a6d9": "", "5a6cecdb4eec6b001a80a6db": "", "5726f635dd62a815002e9656": "rural areas in the United Kingdom,", "5726f635dd62a815002e9657": "", "5726f635dd62a815002e9658": "1.6 kilometres", "5726f635dd62a815002e9659": "1.6 kilometres", "5a6ced7d4eec6b001a80a6e0": "", "5a6ced7d4eec6b001a80a6e1": "", "5a6ced7d4eec6b001a80a6e2": "1.6 kilometres", "5a6ced7d4eec6b001a80a6e3": "1.6 kilometres", "5726f7715951b619008f838d": "the high risk of a conflict of interest and/or the avoidance of absolute powers", "5726f7715951b619008f838e": "", "5726f7715951b619008f838f": "", "5726f7715951b619008f8390": "", "5726f7715951b619008f8391": "diagnosing\" as many conditions as possible, and in exaggerating their seriousness, because he or she can then sell more medications to the patient", "5a6cee244eec6b001a80a6e8": "", "5a6cee244eec6b001a80a6e9": "", "5a6cee244eec6b001a80a6ea": "", "5a6cee244eec6b001a80a6eb": "", "5a6cee244eec6b001a80a6ec": "", "5726f868dd62a815002e9684": "more integral", "5726f868dd62a815002e9685": "health care system", "5726f868dd62a815002e9686": "clinical services that pharmacists can provide for their patients", "5726f868dd62a815002e9687": "Medication Therapy Management", "5726f868dd62a815002e9688": "increased patient health outcomes and decreased costs to the health care system", "5a6ceec84eec6b001a80a6f2": "", "5a6ceec84eec6b001a80a6f3": "", "5a6ceec84eec6b001a80a6f4": "", "5a6ceec84eec6b001a80a6f5": "", "5a6ceec84eec6b001a80a6f6": "", "5726f96ddd62a815002e9698": "Alberta and British Columbia)", "5726f96ddd62a815002e9699": "Australian Government", "5726f96ddd62a815002e969a": "", "5726f96ddd62a815002e969b": "", "5726f96ddd62a815002e969c": "Doctor of Pharmacy", "5a6cef5a4eec6b001a80a6fc": "", "5a6cef5a4eec6b001a80a6fd": "", "5a6cef5a4eec6b001a80a6fe": "", "5a6cef5a4eec6b001a80a6ff": "", "5a6cef5a4eec6b001a80a700": "", "5726fa525951b619008f83f7": "mortar and pestle and the \u211e (recipere) character,", "5726fa525951b619008f83f8": "The show globe", "5726fa525951b619008f83f9": "Netherlands,", "5726fa525951b619008f83fa": "Germany and Austria", "5726fa525951b619008f83fb": "", "5a6cefd64eec6b001a80a706": "", "5a6cefd64eec6b001a80a707": "", "5a6cefd64eec6b001a80a708": "", "5a6cefd64eec6b001a80a709": "", "5a6cefd64eec6b001a80a70a": "", "57271c235951b619008f860b": "Civil disobedience", "57271c235951b619008f860c": "", "57271c235951b619008f860d": "American Civil Rights Movement, in the Singing Revolution", "57271c235951b619008f860e": "Ukraine,", "57271c235951b619008f860f": "Georgia", "5728d4c03acd2414000dff9f": "Egyptians", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa0": "the British occupation", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa1": "unfair laws", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa2": "unfair laws", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa3": "Egyptians", "5a66413dc2b11c001a425ec7": "", "5a66413dc2b11c001a425ec8": "independence from the British Empire), in Czechoslovakia's Velvet Revolution and in East Germany to oust their communist governments,", "5a66413dc2b11c001a425ec9": "", "5a66413dc2b11c001a425eca": "Baltic", "5a66413dc2b11c001a425ecb": "Ukraine,", "57271f125951b619008f8635": "Antigone,", "57271f125951b619008f8636": "Oedipus,", "57271f125951b619008f8637": "Creon,", "57271f125951b619008f8638": "Antigone,", "57271f125951b619008f8639": "giving her brother Polynices a proper burial.", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb3": "Antigone,", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb4": "Sophocles'", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb5": "Oedipus,", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb6": "", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb7": "Antigone,", "5a664314c2b11c001a425ed9": "Antigone,", "5a664314c2b11c001a425eda": "", "5a664314c2b11c001a425edb": "Creon, the current King of Thebes,", "5a664314c2b11c001a425edc": "to stop her from giving her brother Polynices a proper burial.", "5a664314c2b11c001a425edd": "", "5727213c708984140094da35": "Percy Shelley", "5727213c708984140094da36": "nonviolent", "5727213c708984140094da37": "Henry David Thoreau", "5727213c708984140094da38": "Satyagraha.", "5727213c708984140094da39": "a free India.", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f18": "Percy Shelley", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f19": "Peterloo massacre", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1a": "nonviolent protest", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1b": "", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1c": "The Mask of Anarchy", "5a664447c2b11c001a425eeb": "1819", "5a664447c2b11c001a425eec": "", "5a664447c2b11c001a425eed": "", "5a664447c2b11c001a425eee": "unjust forms of authority of his time", "5a664447c2b11c001a425eef": "", "572726c9708984140094da7b": "muggers, arsonists, draft evaders, campaign hecklers, campus militants, anti-war demonstrators, juvenile delinquents and political assassins", "572726c9708984140094da7c": "ambiguity", "572726c9708984140094da7d": "debased", "572726c9708984140094da7e": "Marshall Cohen", "5728d6f02ca10214002da90e": "debased", "5728d6f02ca10214002da90f": "Marshall Cohen", "5728d6f02ca10214002da910": "debased", "5728d6f02ca10214002da911": "", "5728d6f02ca10214002da912": "ambiguity", "5a664612c2b11c001a425f09": "", "5a664612c2b11c001a425f0a": "utterly debased", "5a664612c2b11c001a425f0b": "", "5a664612c2b11c001a425f0c": "", "5a664612c2b11c001a425f0d": "muggers, arsonists, draft evaders, campaign hecklers, campus militants, anti-war demonstrators, juvenile delinquents and political assassins", "572807802ca10214002d9bf8": "LeGrande", "572807802ca10214002d9bf9": "violent", "572807802ca10214002d9bfa": "lawful protest demonstration, nonviolent civil disobedience, and violent civil disobedience", "572807802ca10214002d9bfb": "semantical problems", "572807802ca10214002d9bfc": "Alice", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4c": "LeGrande", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4d": "voluminous", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4e": "semantical problems and grammatical niceties", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4f": "", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f50": "violent", "5a6647d2c2b11c001a425f1d": "LeGrande", "5a6647d2c2b11c001a425f1e": "", "5a6647d2c2b11c001a425f1f": "semantical problems and grammatical niceties", "5a6647d2c2b11c001a425f20": "", "5a6647d2c2b11c001a425f21": "", "57280f974b864d1900164370": "civil disobedience", "57280f974b864d1900164371": "two public agencies, especially two equally sovereign branches of government, conflict. For instance, if the head of government of a country were to refuse to enforce a decision of that country's highest court, it would not be civil disobedience, since the head of government would be acting in her or his capacity as public official rather than private citizen.", "57280f974b864d1900164372": "relation to the state and its laws", "57280f974b864d1900164373": "", "57280f974b864d1900164374": "constitutional", "5728d9403acd2414000e001b": "a citizen's relation to the state and its laws", "5728d9403acd2414000e001c": "the head of government of a country were to refuse to enforce a decision of that country's highest court", "5728d9403acd2414000e001d": "head of government", "5728d9403acd2414000e001e": "citizen", "5728d9403acd2414000e001f": "private citizen", "5a665002846392001a1e1ab3": "two equally sovereign branches of government", "5a665002846392001a1e1ab4": "", "5a665002846392001a1e1ab5": "two", "5a665002846392001a1e1ab6": "", "5a665002846392001a1e1ab7": "its laws", "572812e74b864d19001643ce": "Thoreau's", "572812e74b864d19001643cf": "", "572812e74b864d19001643d0": "", "572812e74b864d19001643d1": "", "572812e74b864d19001643d2": "", "5728dafe3acd2414000e005d": "The individual", "5728dafe3acd2414000e005e": "", "5728dafe3acd2414000e005f": "", "5728dafe3acd2414000e0060": "", "5728dafe3acd2414000e0061": "", "5a665142846392001a1e1abd": "", "5a665142846392001a1e1abe": "", "5a665142846392001a1e1abf": "", "5a665142846392001a1e1ac0": "", "5a665142846392001a1e1ac1": "", "5728151b4b864d1900164428": "governmental entities", "5728151b4b864d1900164429": "", "5728151b4b864d190016442a": "international organizations and foreign governments", "5728151b4b864d190016442b": "", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e007f": "justified against governmental entities", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0080": "", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0081": "", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0083": "trade unions, banks, and private universities", "5a665338846392001a1e1ac7": "", "5a665338846392001a1e1ac8": "", "5a665338846392001a1e1ac9": "", "5a665338846392001a1e1aca": "protest", "5a665338846392001a1e1acb": "", "572818f54b864d190016446c": "", "572818f54b864d190016446d": "covert lawbreaking", "572818f54b864d190016446e": "hiding a Jew in their house.\"", "572818f54b864d190016446f": "the Book of Exodus,", "572818f54b864d1900164470": "Shiphrah and Puah", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d2": "", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d3": "rules that conflict with morality", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d4": "assisting in fabricating evidence or committing perjury", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d5": "", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d6": "", "5a665549846392001a1e1ad5": "", "5a665549846392001a1e1ad6": "", "5a665549846392001a1e1ad7": "", "5a665549846392001a1e1ad8": "Shiphrah and Puah", "5a665549846392001a1e1ad9": "", "57281c594b864d19001644a2": "non-violence", "57281c594b864d19001644a3": "Black's Law Dictionary", "57281c594b864d19001644a4": "rebellion", "57281c594b864d19001644a5": "tolerance", "57281c594b864d19001644a6": "non-violence", "5728df634b864d1900164fe2": "", "5728df634b864d1900164fe3": "", "5728df634b864d1900164fe4": "one cannot justify a civil disobedients' use of force and violence and refusal to submit to arrest", "5728df634b864d1900164fe6": "carefully chosen and legitimate means", "5a665747846392001a1e1ae9": "Civil disobedients' refraining from violence", "5a665747846392001a1e1aea": "", "5a665747846392001a1e1aeb": "carefully chosen and legitimate means", "5a665747846392001a1e1aec": "", "5a665747846392001a1e1aed": "much more destructive", "5728202c4b864d19001644ec": "civil disobedience", "5728202c4b864d19001644ed": "the Hungarians under Ferenc De\u00e1k", "5728202c4b864d19001644ee": "Ferenc De\u00e1k", "5728202c4b864d19001644ef": "", "5728202c4b864d19001644f0": "they are judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience, or as part of an effort to render certain laws ineffective, to cause their repeal, or to exert pressure to get one's political wishes", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00e9": "laws", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ea": "to render certain laws ineffective", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00eb": "to overthrow a government", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ec": "", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ed": "Ferenc De\u00e1k", "5a665870846392001a1e1af3": "", "5a665870846392001a1e1af4": "", "5a665870846392001a1e1af5": "", "5a665870846392001a1e1af6": "", "5a665870846392001a1e1af7": "", "572822233acd2414000df555": "Roman Empire[citation", "572822233acd2414000df556": "", "572822233acd2414000df557": "his arrest was not covered in any newspapers in the days, weeks and months after it happened", "572822233acd2414000df558": "higher political office", "572822233acd2414000df559": "after the end of the Mexican War.", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0131": "", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0132": "prevent the installation of pagan images", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0133": "jail solidarity", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0134": "", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0135": "", "5a6659d3846392001a1e1b0d": "", "5a6659d3846392001a1e1b0e": "pagan images", "5a6659d3846392001a1e1b0f": "bail", "5a6659d3846392001a1e1b10": "", "5a6659d3846392001a1e1b11": "", "572825a92ca10214002d9efe": "illegal acts", "572825a92ca10214002d9eff": "propaganda purpose", "572825a92ca10214002d9f00": "Voice", "572825a92ca10214002d9f01": "738 days", "572825a92ca10214002d9f02": "738 days, successfully preventing it from being cut down", "5728e5224b864d1900165032": "harassment", "5728e5224b864d1900165033": "trespassing at a nuclear-missile installation", "5728e5224b864d1900165034": "civil disobedience, which, even if they were widely practiced, would in themselves constitute hardly more than a nuisance (e.g. trespassing at a nuclear-missile installation)...Such acts are often just a harassment", "5728e5224b864d1900165035": "", "5728e5224b864d1900165036": "Julia Butterfly Hill", "5a665b56846392001a1e1b1d": "738 days", "5a665b56846392001a1e1b1e": "Luna,", "5a665b56846392001a1e1b1f": "", "5a665b56846392001a1e1b20": "", "5a665b56846392001a1e1b21": "trespassing at a nuclear-missile installation", "5728284e3acd2414000df5cd": "allegedly sending an email to the Lebanon, New Hampshire city councilors stating, \"Wise up or die.\"", "5728284e3acd2414000df5ce": "\"Wise up or die.\"", "5728284e3acd2414000df5cf": "forbidden speech", "5728284e3acd2414000df5d0": "", "5728284e3acd2414000df5d1": "1978", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0171": "", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0172": "", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0173": "unwillingness to stand for its policies", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0174": "engaging in the forbidden speech", "5a666b43846392001a1e1c0f": "", "5a666b43846392001a1e1c10": "", "5a666b43846392001a1e1c11": "arrested", "5a666b43846392001a1e1c12": "FCC v. Pacifica Foundation.", "5a666b43846392001a1e1c13": "", "57282dfb4b864d1900164668": "it more difficult for a system to function", "57282dfb4b864d1900164669": "padlocking the gates", "57282dfb4b864d190016466a": "padlocking the gates", "57282dfb4b864d190016466b": "limited coercion", "57282dfb4b864d190016466c": "coercive", "5728e715ff5b5019007da914": "", "5728e715ff5b5019007da916": "coercive", "5728e715ff5b5019007da917": "coercive", "5728e715ff5b5019007da918": "", "5a6681d1f038b7001ab0bf00": "", "5a6681d1f038b7001ab0bf01": "coercive", "5a6681d1f038b7001ab0bf02": "padlocking the gates and using sickles to deflate one of the large domes covering two satellite dishes", "5a6681d1f038b7001ab0bf03": "coercion", "5a6681d1f038b7001ab0bf04": "moral dialogue", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6c": "criminal", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6d": "", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6e": "", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6f": "", "5728e8212ca10214002daa70": "", "5a6683d5f038b7001ab0bf1e": "", "5a6683d5f038b7001ab0bf1f": "", "5a6683d5f038b7001ab0bf20": "officers", "5a6683d5f038b7001ab0bf21": "", "5a6683d5f038b7001ab0bf22": "", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c5": "", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c6": "their belief in the validity of the social contract", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c7": "", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c8": "anarchists", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c9": "a violation of criminal law that does not infringe the rights of others", "5a668632f038b7001ab0bf44": "", "5a668632f038b7001ab0bf45": "", "5a668632f038b7001ab0bf46": "legitimacy of their particular government", "5a668632f038b7001ab0bf47": "", "5a668632f038b7001ab0bf48": "", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01d9": "", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01da": "", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01db": "whether or not", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dc": "I am guilty of doing no wrong.", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dd": "", "5a66893ff038b7001ab0bf74": "", "5a66893ff038b7001ab0bf75": "", "5a66893ff038b7001ab0bf76": "", "5a66893ff038b7001ab0bf77": "", "5a66893ff038b7001ab0bf78": "not guilty", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650aa": "Camp Mercury nuclear test site", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ab": "", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ac": "arrest", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ad": "nolo contendere", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ae": "suspended", "5a668b33f038b7001ab0bf90": "", "5a668b33f038b7001ab0bf91": "Camp Mercury nuclear test site", "5a668b33f038b7001ab0bf92": "", "5a668b33f038b7001ab0bf93": "", "5a668b33f038b7001ab0bf94": "", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97c": "", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97d": "", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97e": "", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97f": "", "5a668d4ef038b7001ab0bfc0": "as a way of continuing their protest, as a way of reminding their countrymen of injustice. But that is different than the notion that they must go to jail as part of a rule connected with civil disobedience. The key point is that the spirit of protest should be maintained all the way, whether it is done by remaining in jail, or by evading it.", "5a668d4ef038b7001ab0bfc1": "the spirit of protest should be maintained all the way", "5a668d4ef038b7001ab0bfc2": "", "5a668d4ef038b7001ab0bfc3": "", "5a668d4ef038b7001ab0bfc4": "", "5728eef92ca10214002daab0": "plea bargain", "5728eef92ca10214002daab1": "", "5728eef92ca10214002daab2": "solidarity", "5728eef92ca10214002daab3": "blind", "5728eef92ca10214002daab4": "Mohandas Gandhi", "5a668ef8f038b7001ab0bfdc": "a plea bargain to civil disobedients", "5a668ef8f038b7001ab0bfdd": "", "5a668ef8f038b7001ab0bfde": "solidarity tactics", "5a668ef8f038b7001ab0bfdf": "", "5a668ef8f038b7001ab0bfe0": "the defendants were offered an opportunity to plead guilty to one misdemeanor count and receive no jail time", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e55": "defiant speech, or a speech explaining their actions, in allocution", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e56": "defiant speech, or a speech explaining their actions", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e57": "mistreatment from government officials", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e58": "40 to 60 days", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e59": "defiant speech, or a speech explaining their actions, in allocution", "5a66938ff038b7001ab0bff8": "", "5a66938ff038b7001ab0bff9": "", "5a66938ff038b7001ab0bffa": "40 to 60 days", "5a66938ff038b7001ab0bffb": "", "5a66938ff038b7001ab0bffc": "40 to 60 days", "5728facd4b864d1900165170": "", "5728facd4b864d1900165171": "", "5728facd4b864d1900165172": "", "5728facd4b864d1900165173": "", "5728facd4b864d1900165174": "", "5a66978af038b7001ab0c028": "", "5a66978af038b7001ab0c029": "", "5a66978af038b7001ab0c02a": "", "5a66978af038b7001ab0c02b": "", "5a66978af038b7001ab0c02c": "nullification prerogative", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef5": "", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef6": "", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef7": "breaking the law for self-gratification", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef8": "", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef9": "attribution", "5a669ee5f038b7001ab0c068": "", "5a669ee5f038b7001ab0c069": "", "5a669ee5f038b7001ab0c06a": "", "5a669ee5f038b7001ab0c06b": "", "5a669ee5f038b7001ab0c06c": "", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f11": "\"Indirect civil disobedience", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f12": "civil disobedience", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f13": "Vietnam War,", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f14": "The necessity defense", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f15": "", "5a66a156f038b7001ab0c072": "breaking", "5a66a156f038b7001ab0c073": "violating a law which is not, itself, the object of protest, whereas direct civil disobedience involves protesting the existence of a particular law by breaking that law", "5a66a156f038b7001ab0c074": "Fully Informed Jury Association activists", "5a66a156f038b7001ab0c075": "educational leaflets", "5a66a156f038b7001ab0c076": "admonitions not to; according to FIJA, many of them have escaped prosecution because \"prosecutors have reasoned (correctly) that if they arrest fully informed jury leafleters, the leaflets will have to be given to the leafleter's own jury as evidence.\"", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2b": "", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2d": "", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2e": "", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2f": "", "5a66a55af038b7001ab0c07c": "", "5a66a55af038b7001ab0c07d": "", "5a66a55af038b7001ab0c07e": "", "5a66a55af038b7001ab0c07f": "", "5a66a55af038b7001ab0c080": "", "57273a465951b619008f86ff": "Construction", "57273a465951b619008f8700": "manufacturing", "57273a465951b619008f8701": "", "57273a465951b619008f8702": "", "57273a465951b619008f8703": "a known client", "5a234eef82b03a001a4aa76a": "", "5a234eef82b03a001a4aa76b": "", "5a234eef82b03a001a4aa76c": "", "5a234eef82b03a001a4aa76d": "", "5a25a709ef59cd001a623c0e": "", "5a25a709ef59cd001a623c0f": "", "5a25a709ef59cd001a623c10": "", "5a25a709ef59cd001a623c11": "", "5a25a709ef59cd001a623c12": "", "57273cca708984140094db33": "An architect", "57273cca708984140094db34": "An architect", "57273cca708984140094db35": "effective planning", "57273cca708984140094db36": "megaprojects", "57273cca708984140094db37": "zoning", "5a2350d582b03a001a4aa773": "", "5a2350d582b03a001a4aa774": "", "5a2350d582b03a001a4aa775": "megaprojects", "5a2350d582b03a001a4aa776": "", "5a25a8e9ef59cd001a623c20": "", "5a25a8e9ef59cd001a623c21": "An architect", "5a25a8e9ef59cd001a623c22": "", "5a25a8e9ef59cd001a623c23": "", "5a25a8e9ef59cd001a623c24": "", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4fe": "buildings, infrastructure and industrial", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4ff": "residential and non-residential", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f500": "heavy/highway, heavy civil or heavy engineering", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f501": "It", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f502": "refineries", "5a2352f782b03a001a4aa77b": "", "5a2352f782b03a001a4aa77c": "", "5a2352f782b03a001a4aa77d": "", "5a2352f782b03a001a4aa77e": "Industrial", "5a25ab1bef59cd001a623c32": "", "5a25ab1bef59cd001a623c33": "", "5a25ab1bef59cd001a623c34": "", "5a25ab1bef59cd001a623c35": "", "5a25ab1bef59cd001a623c36": "sectors or markets", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a02": "a trade magazine for the construction industry", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a03": "Engineering News-Record (ENR) is a trade magazine for the construction industry. Each year, ENR", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a04": "2014", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a05": "", "5a23548782b03a001a4aa783": "", "5a23548782b03a001a4aa784": "", "5a23548782b03a001a4aa785": "", "5a23548782b03a001a4aa786": "", "5a23548782b03a001a4aa787": "", "5a25ade0ef59cd001a623c44": "", "5a25ade0ef59cd001a623c45": "", "5a25ade0ef59cd001a623c46": "", "5a25ade0ef59cd001a623c47": "", "5a25ade0ef59cd001a623c48": "2014", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0a": "building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0b": "construction service firms", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0c": "North American Industry Classification System", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0d": "firms engaged in managing construction projects without assuming direct financial responsibility for completion of the construction project", "5a23565482b03a001a4aa78d": "", "5a23565482b03a001a4aa78e": "", "5a23565482b03a001a4aa78f": "", "5a23565482b03a001a4aa790": "construction managers", "5a25b230ef59cd001a623c4e": "", "5a25b230ef59cd001a623c4f": "", "5a25b230ef59cd001a623c50": "", "5a25b230ef59cd001a623c51": "", "5a25b230ef59cd001a623c52": "", "57274046dd62a815002e9a12": "Building construction", "57274046dd62a815002e9a13": "small renovations", "57274046dd62a815002e9a14": "the owner of the property", "57274046dd62a815002e9a15": "structural collapse, cost overruns, and/or litigation", "57274046dd62a815002e9a16": "", "5a2358cc82b03a001a4aa795": "", "5a2358cc82b03a001a4aa796": "", "5a2358cc82b03a001a4aa797": "", "5a2358cc82b03a001a4aa798": "", "5a25b668ef59cd001a623c76": "design, financial, estimating and legal considerations", "5a25b668ef59cd001a623c77": "", "5a25b668ef59cd001a623c78": "small renovations", "5a25b668ef59cd001a623c79": "", "5a25b668ef59cd001a623c7a": "", "572742bd5951b619008f8785": "local building authority regulations and codes of practice", "572742bd5951b619008f8786": "Materials readily available in the area", "572742bd5951b619008f8787": "", "572742bd5951b619008f8788": "Cost of construction on a per square meter (or per square foot) basis for houses", "5a25bb0bef59cd001a623cb2": "", "5a25bb0bef59cd001a623cb3": "", "5a25bb0bef59cd001a623cb4": "", "5a25bb0bef59cd001a623cb5": "", "5a25bb0bef59cd001a623cb6": "", "572744aff1498d1400e8f588": "3D printing technology.", "572744aff1498d1400e8f589": "20 hours", "572744aff1498d1400e8f58a": "2014", "572744aff1498d1400e8f58b": "2 metres (6 ft 7 in)", "5a25bd5cef59cd001a623cc4": "", "5a25bd5cef59cd001a623cc5": "", "5a25bd5cef59cd001a623cc6": "", "5a25bd5cef59cd001a623cc7": "", "5a25bd5cef59cd001a623cc8": "", "572745c6708984140094db99": "", "572745c6708984140094db9a": "plan the physical proceedings", "572745c6708984140094db9b": "the property owner", "572745c6708984140094db9c": "a quantity surveyor", "572745c6708984140094db9d": "the most cost efficient bidder", "5a25c087ef59cd001a623cce": "", "5a25c087ef59cd001a623ccf": "construction companies or construction management companies", "5a25c087ef59cd001a623cd1": "", "5a25c087ef59cd001a623cd2": "", "57274e0d708984140094dbe5": "previously separated specialties", "57274e0d708984140094dbe6": "entirely separate companies", "57274e0d708984140094dbe7": "one-stop shopping", "57274e0d708984140094dbe8": "design build\"", "5a25c41def59cd001a623cd8": "", "5a25c41def59cd001a623cd9": "", "5a25c41def59cd001a623cda": "", "5a25c41def59cd001a623cdb": "design build", "5a25c41def59cd001a623cdc": "", "57274e975951b619008f87f9": "Several", "57274e975951b619008f87fa": "architects, interior designers, engineers and constructors", "57274e975951b619008f87fb": "establishing relationships with other necessary participants through the design-build process", "5a25d23bef59cd001a623ce2": "", "5a25d23bef59cd001a623ce3": "Several project structures", "5a25d23bef59cd001a623ce4": "architects, interior designers, engineers and constructors", "5a25d23bef59cd001a623ce5": "", "5a25d23bef59cd001a623ce6": "", "57274f67708984140094dbf5": "preventable financial problems", "57274f67708984140094dbf6": "", "57274f67708984140094dbf7": "", "57274f67708984140094dbf8": "Fraud", "5a25d529ef59cd001a623cec": "", "5a25d529ef59cd001a623ced": "Fraud", "5a25d529ef59cd001a623cee": "", "5a25d529ef59cd001a623cef": "", "5a25d529ef59cd001a623cf0": "", "5727502f708984140094dc07": "Mortgage bankers, accountants, and cost engineers", "5727502f708984140094dc08": "the mortgage banker", "5727502f708984140094dc09": "Accountants", "5727502f708984140094dc0a": "Cost engineers and estimators", "5727502f708984140094dc0b": "identified change orders or project changes", "5a25d89aef59cd001a623cf6": "the expected monetary flow", "5a25d89aef59cd001a623cf7": "", "5a25d89aef59cd001a623cf8": "change orders or project changes", "5a25d89aef59cd001a623cf9": "", "5a25d89aef59cd001a623cfa": "", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af0": "zoning and building code requirements", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af1": "the owner", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af2": "the desire to prevent things that are indisputably bad", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af3": "a matter of custom or expectation", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af4": "An attorney", "5a25e0a9ef59cd001a623d00": "", "5a25e0a9ef59cd001a623d01": "owner", "5a25e0a9ef59cd001a623d02": "", "5a25e0a9ef59cd001a623d03": "", "5a25e0a9ef59cd001a623d04": "", "572751b4708984140094dc1b": "A construction project", "572751b4708984140094dc1c": "A contract", "572751b4708984140094dc1d": "a delay costs money", "572751b4708984140094dc1e": "that each side is capable of performing the obligations set out", "572751b4708984140094dc1f": "poorly drafted contracts", "5a25e4a2ef59cd001a623d0a": "", "5a25e4a2ef59cd001a623d0b": "a delay costs money", "5a25e4a2ef59cd001a623d0c": "as little as possible", "5a25e4a2ef59cd001a623d0d": "", "5a25e4a2ef59cd001a623d0e": "", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0e": "relationship contracting", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0f": "private finance initiatives", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b10": "Public-Private Partnering", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b11": "co-operation", "5a25e8d5ef59cd001a623d14": "", "5a25e8d5ef59cd001a623d15": "", "5a25e8d5ef59cd001a623d16": "", "5a25e8d5ef59cd001a623d17": "", "5a25e8d5ef59cd001a623d18": "", "572753335951b619008f8853": "the architect or engineer", "572753335951b619008f8854": "His or her", "572753335951b619008f8855": "the architect's client and the main contractor", "572753335951b619008f8856": "the main contractor", "572753335951b619008f8857": "the building is ready to occupy", "5a25eae4c93d92001a40033d": "", "5a25eae4c93d92001a40033e": "the project coordinator", "5a25eae4c93d92001a40033f": "", "5a25eae4c93d92001a400340": "direct contractual", "5a25eae4c93d92001a400341": "direct contractual", "57275411dd62a815002e9b30": "The owner", "57275411dd62a815002e9b31": "Several D&B contractors", "57275411dd62a815002e9b32": "The owner", "57275411dd62a815002e9b33": "contractors", "57275411dd62a815002e9b34": "they design phase 2", "5a25eed2c93d92001a400347": "a list of requirements", "5a25eed2c93d92001a400348": "", "5a25eed2c93d92001a400349": "building the first phase of the project", "5a25eed2c93d92001a40034a": "owner", "5a25eed2c93d92001a40034b": "they design phase 2. This is in contrast to a design-bid-build contract, where the project is completely designed by the owner, then bid on, then completed.", "572754fff1498d1400e8f660": "contractors", "572754fff1498d1400e8f661": "damage to the existing electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable facilities, which could cause outages and potentially hazardous situations", "572754fff1498d1400e8f662": "electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable", "572754fff1498d1400e8f663": "municipal building inspector", "572754fff1498d1400e8f664": "an occupancy permit", "5a25f133c93d92001a400351": "", "5a25f133c93d92001a400352": "", "5a25f133c93d92001a400353": "", "5a25f133c93d92001a400354": "the construction adheres to the approved plans and the local building code", "5a25f133c93d92001a400355": "", "572755b7708984140094dc4d": "$960 billion", "572755b7708984140094dc4e": "$680 billion", "572755b7708984140094dc4f": "667,000", "572755b7708984140094dc50": "fewer than 10", "572755b7708984140094dc51": "", "5a25f38dc93d92001a40035b": "", "5a25f38dc93d92001a40035c": "", "5a25f38dc93d92001a40035d": "", "5a25f38dc93d92001a40035e": "", "5a25f38dc93d92001a40035f": "", "5727565ef1498d1400e8f674": "\u00a342,090", "5727565ef1498d1400e8f675": "\u00a326,719", "5727565ef1498d1400e8f676": "", "5a25f6a3c93d92001a400365": "", "5a25f6a3c93d92001a400366": "", "5a25f6a3c93d92001a400367": "", "5a25f6a3c93d92001a400368": "", "5a25f6a3c93d92001a400369": "more affluent roles are available", "572756fe708984140094dc71": "Construction", "572756fe708984140094dc72": "", "572756fe708984140094dc73": "electrocution, transportation accidents, and trench cave-ins", "572756fe708984140094dc74": "Proper safety equipment such as harnesses and guardrails and procedures such as securing ladders and inspecting scaffolding", "5a25fa34c93d92001a40036f": "", "5a25fa34c93d92001a400370": "three times", "5a25fa34c93d92001a400371": "", "5a25fa34c93d92001a400372": "Proper safety equipment such as harnesses and guardrails and procedures such as securing ladders and inspecting scaffolding", "5a25fa34c93d92001a400373": "electrocution, transportation accidents, and trench cave-ins", "572746addd62a815002e9a5e": "independent schools", "572746addd62a815002e9a5f": "academic scholarship", "572746addd62a815002e9a60": "tuition", "572746addd62a815002e9a61": "", "5a6787d4f038b7001ab0c27a": "", "5a6787d4f038b7001ab0c27b": "", "5a6787d4f038b7001ab0c27c": "", "5a6787d4f038b7001ab0c27d": "", "5a6787d4f038b7001ab0c27e": "", "57274712708984140094dbad": "", "57274712708984140094dbae": "", "57274712708984140094dbaf": "", "57274712708984140094dbb0": "", "5a678908f038b7001ab0c296": "", "5a678908f038b7001ab0c297": "", "5a678908f038b7001ab0c298": "", "5a678908f038b7001ab0c299": "", "5a678908f038b7001ab0c29a": "", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59a": "lower sixth", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59b": "upper sixth", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59c": "prep schools", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59d": "peer tuitions", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59e": "best teachers", "5a678aa6f038b7001ab0c2a0": "", "5a678aa6f038b7001ab0c2a1": "", "5a678aa6f038b7001ab0c2a3": "", "5a678aa6f038b7001ab0c2a4": "", "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a4": "Roman Catholic schools.", "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a5": "Orthodox Christians.", "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a6": "academic subjects", "5a678dcef038b7001ab0c2ba": "parochial schools", "5a678dcef038b7001ab0c2bc": "", "5a678dcef038b7001ab0c2bd": "", "5a678dcef038b7001ab0c2be": "religious education", "5727490bdd62a815002e9a82": "", "5727490bdd62a815002e9a83": "compulsory blazer", "5727490bdd62a815002e9a84": "more expensive", "5a678f35f038b7001ab0c2c4": "more expensive", "5a678f35f038b7001ab0c2c5": "", "5a678f35f038b7001ab0c2c6": "", "5a678f35f038b7001ab0c2c7": "", "5a678f35f038b7001ab0c2c8": "compulsory blazer", "57274971708984140094dbbb": "Anglican Church,", "57274971708984140094dbbc": "", "57274971708984140094dbbd": "", "57274971708984140094dbbe": "", "5a6790dbf038b7001ab0c2ce": "", "5a6790dbf038b7001ab0c2cf": "", "5a6790dbf038b7001ab0c2d0": "", "5a6790dbf038b7001ab0c2d1": "", "5a6790dbf038b7001ab0c2d2": "", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9a": "Article 7, Paragraph 4", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9b": "second Gleichschaltung", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9c": "", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9d": "11.1%", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9e": "", "5a6792f1f038b7001ab0c2ea": "Article 7, Paragraph 4 of the Grundgesetz", "5a6792f1f038b7001ab0c2eb": "state of emergency", "5a6792f1f038b7001ab0c2ec": "", "5a6792f1f038b7001ab0c2ed": "", "5a6792f1f038b7001ab0c2ee": "", "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bc": "Sonderungsverbot).", "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bd": "", "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5be": "", "5a67978ef038b7001ab0c306": "", "5a67978ef038b7001ab0c307": "primary or secondary schools", "5a67978ef038b7001ab0c308": "", "5a67978ef038b7001ab0c309": "", "5a67978ef038b7001ab0c30a": "", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d4": "vocational schools", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d5": "secondary or post-secondary (non-tertiary) schools", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d6": "tuition fees", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d7": "religious groups", "5a67986af038b7001ab0c310": "vocational schools", "5a67986af038b7001ab0c311": "German dual education system.", "5a67986af038b7001ab0c312": "government regulation", "5a67986af038b7001ab0c313": "tuition fees", "5a67986af038b7001ab0c314": "religious groups", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e4": "unaided independent school", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e5": "NENBSE", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e6": "30", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e7": "the union government", "5a6799adf038b7001ab0c31a": "", "5a6799adf038b7001ab0c31b": "", "5a6799adf038b7001ab0c31c": "", "5a6799adf038b7001ab0c31d": "", "5a6799adf038b7001ab0c31e": "", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa4": "societies", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa5": "", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa6": "Annual Status of Education Report", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa7": "evaluates learning levels in rural India,", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa8": "English", "5a679cc7f038b7001ab0c344": "non-profit trusts and societies", "5a679cc7f038b7001ab0c345": "satisfy a number of infrastructure and human resource related criteria", "5a679cc7f038b7001ab0c346": "", "5a679cc7f038b7001ab0c347": "unpopularity", "5a679cc7f038b7001ab0c348": "corruption", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aae": "scoil phr\u00edobh\u00e1ideach)", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aaf": "relatively low in Ireland compared to the rest of the world. There is, however, a limited element of state assessment of private schools, because of the requirement that the state ensure that children receive a certain minimum education; Irish private schools must still work towards the Junior Certificate and the Leaving Certificate, for example. Many private schools in Ireland also double as boarding schools.", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab0": "\u20ac5,000", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab1": "Society of Jesus or Congregation of Christian Brothers,", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab2": "\u20ac25,000 per year", "5a679db8f038b7001ab0c34e": "scoil phr\u00edobh\u00e1ideach)", "5a679db8f038b7001ab0c34f": "relatively low", "5a679db8f038b7001ab0c350": "relatively low", "5a679db8f038b7001ab0c351": "Junior Certificate and the Leaving Certificate,", "5a679db8f038b7001ab0c352": "\u20ac5,000", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f6": "1957", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f7": "Chinese", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f8": "", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f9": "\"National Type\"", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5fa": "60", "5a679f83f038b7001ab0c364": "", "5a679f83f038b7001ab0c365": "", "5a679f83f038b7001ab0c366": "surrender their properties and be assimilated into the National School system.", "5a679f83f038b7001ab0c367": "\"National Type\" schools.", "5a679f83f038b7001ab0c368": "the schools", "57274e145951b619008f87e7": "aided' schools", "57274e145951b619008f87e8": "", "57274e145951b619008f87e9": "Kathmandu.", "57274e145951b619008f87ea": "English,", "57274e145951b619008f87eb": "Nepali", "5a67a1e3f038b7001ab0c388": "", "5a67a1e3f038b7001ab0c389": "", "5a67a1e3f038b7001ab0c38a": "", "5a67a1e3f038b7001ab0c38b": "", "5a67a1e3f038b7001ab0c38c": "", "57274eca5951b619008f87ff": "88", "57274eca5951b619008f8800": "28,000", "57274eca5951b619008f8801": "3.7%", "57274eca5951b619008f8802": "Catholic", "57274eca5951b619008f8803": "(Auckland,", "5a67a2c7f038b7001ab0c3a2": "", "5a67a2c7f038b7001ab0c3a3": "", "5a67a2c7f038b7001ab0c3a4": "", "5a67a2c7f038b7001ab0c3a5": "decline", "5a67a2c7f038b7001ab0c3a6": "", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61e": "Anglican,", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61f": "Wellington,", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f620": "Catholic schismatic group, the Society of St Pius X", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f621": "Christchurch.", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f622": "", "5a67a492f038b7001ab0c3c4": "", "5a67a492f038b7001ab0c3c5": "", "5a67a492f038b7001ab0c3c6": "Christ's College and St Margaret's College in Christchurch; or Presbyterian, such as Saint Kentigern College and St Cuthbert's College", "5a67a492f038b7001ab0c3c7": "", "5a67a492f038b7001ab0c3c8": "", "5727500f708984140094dbfd": "7.5%", "5727500f708984140094dbfe": "32%", "5727500f708984140094dbff": "80%", "5727500f708984140094dc00": "August 1992.", "5727500f708984140094dc01": "natural science", "5a67a5d9f038b7001ab0c3dc": "7.5%", "5a67a5d9f038b7001ab0c3de": "Per unit costs", "5a67a5d9f038b7001ab0c3df": "", "5a67a5d9f038b7001ab0c3e0": "", "572750df5951b619008f882f": "Education Service Contracting", "572750df5951b619008f8830": "", "572750df5951b619008f8831": "The Private Education Student Financial Assistance", "5a67a898f038b7001ab0c3f4": "", "5a67a898f038b7001ab0c3f5": "tuition and other school fees of students turned away from public high schools because of enrollment overflows", "5a67a898f038b7001ab0c3f6": "pursue college/technical education", "5a67a898f038b7001ab0c3f7": "The Education Service Contracting", "5a67a898f038b7001ab0c3f8": "", "5727515f708984140094dc11": "1996", "5727515f708984140094dc12": "1996", "5727515f708984140094dc13": "public\" (state-controlled) and \"independent", "5727515f708984140094dc14": "traditional private schools", "5727515f708984140094dc15": "early nineteenth", "5a67aa48f038b7001ab0c3fe": "", "5a67aa48f038b7001ab0c3ff": "", "5a67aa48f038b7001ab0c400": "", "5a67aa48f038b7001ab0c401": "early nineteenth century", "5a67aa48f038b7001ab0c402": "grown", "57275409708984140094dc35": "independent schools and public schools", "57275409708984140094dc36": "better", "57275409708984140094dc37": "much higher", "5a67b759f038b7001ab0c43a": "", "5a67b759f038b7001ab0c43b": "\"Model C\"", "5a67b759f038b7001ab0c43c": "", "5a67b759f038b7001ab0c43d": "", "5a67b759f038b7001ab0c43e": "", "572754dd708984140094dc3b": "10%", "572754dd708984140094dc3c": "10,000", "572754dd708984140094dc3d": "700", "572754dd708984140094dc3e": "(\u201cThe Knowledge School\u201d),", "572754dd708984140094dc3f": "school voucher", "5a67b94bf038b7001ab0c444": "", "5a67b94bf038b7001ab0c445": "700", "5a67b94bf038b7001ab0c446": "(\u201cThe Knowledge School\u201d),", "5a67b94bf038b7001ab0c447": "", "5a67b94bf038b7001ab0c448": "", "572756265951b619008f886d": "", "572756265951b619008f886e": "", "572756265951b619008f886f": "", "572756265951b619008f8870": "13", "572756265951b619008f8871": "", "5a67d87ef038b7001ab0c48a": "", "5a67d87ef038b7001ab0c48b": "", "5a67d87ef038b7001ab0c48c": "A-level.[citation", "5a67d87ef038b7001ab0c48d": "", "5a67d87ef038b7001ab0c48e": "\u00a327,000+ per year", "572757bef1498d1400e8f690": "Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka", "572757bef1498d1400e8f691": "\"Christian academies\".", "572757bef1498d1400e8f692": "U.S. South,", "572757bef1498d1400e8f693": "white", "572757bef1498d1400e8f694": "African-American", "5a67dae18476ee001a58a738": "", "5a67dae18476ee001a58a739": "1970s", "5a67dae18476ee001a58a73a": "", "5a67dae18476ee001a58a73b": "", "5a67dae18476ee001a58a73c": "", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6ae": "religious organizations or private individuals", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6af": "Establishment Clause", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b0": "Establishment Clause of the First Amendment or individual state Blaine Amendments.", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b1": "charter", "5a67dedd8476ee001a58a74c": "", "5a67dedd8476ee001a58a74d": "", "5a67dedd8476ee001a58a74e": "", "5a67dedd8476ee001a58a74f": "", "5a67dedd8476ee001a58a750": "", "572759665951b619008f8883": "Massachusetts", "572759665951b619008f8884": "1852", "572759665951b619008f8885": "(1976); Wisconsin v. Yoder, 406 U.S. 205 (1972);", "572759665951b619008f8886": "268 U.S. 510", "572759665951b619008f8887": "", "5a67e29c8476ee001a58a756": "", "5a67e29d8476ee001a58a757": "", "5a67e29d8476ee001a58a758": "states may set standards for educational accomplishment", "5a67e29d8476ee001a58a759": "", "5a67e29d8476ee001a58a75a": "Wisconsin v. Yoder,", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b94": "$40,000", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b95": "$50,000", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b96": "Groton School", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b97": "", "5a67e5278476ee001a58a760": "", "5a67e5278476ee001a58a761": "throughout the country, indeed the globe", "5a67e5278476ee001a58a762": "", "5a67e5278476ee001a58a763": "", "5a67e5278476ee001a58a764": "", "5727aa413acd2414000de921": "John Harvard", "5727aa413acd2414000de922": "1977", "5727aa413acd2414000de923": "", "5727aa413acd2414000de924": "Association of American Universities", "5727aa413acd2414000de925": "President Charles W. Eliot's", "5a81ee4b31013a001a334f9d": "", "5a81ee4b31013a001a334f9e": "Congregationalist and Unitarian clergy.", "5a81ee4b31013a001a334f9f": "during the 18th century", "5a81ee4b31013a001a334fa0": "", "5a81ee4b31013a001a334fa1": "President Charles W. Eliot's", "5727aeac3acd2414000de987": "Harvard Library,", "5727aeac3acd2414000de988": "79", "5727aeac3acd2414000de989": "18 million", "5727aeac3acd2414000de98a": "eight", "5727aeac3acd2414000de98b": "242", "5a81f28431013a001a334fb1": "", "5a81f28431013a001a334fb2": "", "5a81f28431013a001a334fb3": "79", "5a81f28431013a001a334fb4": "242", "5a81f28431013a001a334fb5": "62", "5727aec03acd2414000de991": "Cambridge,", "5727aec03acd2414000de992": "$37.6 billion", "5727aec03acd2414000de993": "Charles River", "5727aec03acd2414000de994": "eleven", "5727aec03acd2414000de995": "Harvard Yard", "5a81f0f031013a001a334fa7": "", "5a81f0f031013a001a334fa8": "eleven", "5a81f0f031013a001a334fa9": "", "5a81f0f031013a001a334faa": "Cambridge,", "5a81f0f031013a001a334fab": "", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c2": "1636", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c3": "Massachusetts Bay Colony.", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c4": "1638", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c5": "1639", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c6": "1650", "5a81f84e31013a001a335007": "", "5a81f84e31013a001a335008": "", "5a81f84e31013a001a335009": "", "5a81f84e31013a001a33500a": "", "5a81f84e31013a001a33500b": "University of Cambridge.", "5727b0892ca10214002d93e8": "Puritan ministers.[citation", "5727b0892ca10214002d93e9": "English university model\u2014\u200b\u200bmany", "5727b0892ca10214002d93ea": "never", "5a82001531013a001a3350a1": "Puritan ministers.[citation", "5a82001531013a001a3350a2": "", "5a82001531013a001a3350a3": "to advance learning", "5a82001531013a001a3350a4": "clergymen", "5a82001531013a001a3350a5": "", "5727b8df3acd2414000dea99": "1803", "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9a": "Samuel Webber", "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9b": "1805", "5a82025a31013a001a3350b5": "1804", "5a82025a31013a001a3350b6": "", "5a82025a31013a001a3350b7": "1805", "5a82025a31013a001a3350b8": "", "5a82025a31013a001a3350b9": "", "5727c0402ca10214002d9564": "Louis Agassiz", "5727c0402ca10214002d9565": "intuition", "5727c0402ca10214002d9566": "Thomas Reid and Dugald Stewart,", "5a8203d431013a001a3350bf": "New York and on the campus at Harvard College.", "5a8203d431013a001a3350c0": "idealist", "5a8203d431013a001a3350c1": "observation with intuition", "5a8203d431013a001a3350c2": "divine plan", "5a8203d431013a001a3350c3": "matters of shape", "5727c3b02ca10214002d95ba": "Charles W. Eliot,", "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bb": "Transcendentalist Unitarian convictions.", "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bc": "William Ellery Channing and Ralph Waldo Emerson,", "5a8205d131013a001a3350f7": "", "5a8205d131013a001a3350f8": "student self-direction", "5a8205d131013a001a3350f9": "", "5a8205d131013a001a3350fa": "Transcendentalist Unitarian convictions.", "5a8205d131013a001a3350fb": "", "5727c55bff5b5019007d94ce": "", "5727c55bff5b5019007d94cf": "", "5727c55bff5b5019007d94d0": "1945", "5a82079731013a001a33511d": "", "5a82079731013a001a33511e": "", "5a82079731013a001a33511f": "", "5a82079731013a001a335120": "", "5a82079731013a001a335121": "", "5727c69d3acd2414000dec13": "", "5727c69d3acd2414000dec14": "1977", "5727c69d3acd2414000dec15": "", "5a8209f831013a001a335131": "", "5a8209f831013a001a335132": "", "5a8209f831013a001a335133": "became more diverse", "5a8209f831013a001a335134": "", "5a8209f831013a001a335135": "", "5727c8863acd2414000dec49": "", "5727c8863acd2414000dec4a": "", "5727c8863acd2414000dec4b": "south of Harvard Yard along or near the Charles River.", "5727c8863acd2414000dec4c": "", "5a820c4931013a001a335145": "209", "5a820c4931013a001a335146": "", "5a820c4931013a001a335147": "Radcliffe College students", "5a820c4931013a001a335148": "", "5a820c4931013a001a335149": "Harvard Yard in Cambridge,", "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9576": "Longwood Medical and Academic Area", "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9577": "The John W. Weeks Bridge", "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9578": "Longwood Medical and Academic Area", "5a820ebf31013a001a33516b": "The John W. Weeks Bridge", "5a820ebf31013a001a33516c": "", "5a820ebf31013a001a33516d": "", "5a820ebf31013a001a33516e": "", "5a820ebf31013a001a33516f": "", "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d72": "", "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d73": "", "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d74": "", "5a8221dc31013a001a33522f": "", "5a8221dc31013a001a335230": "", "5a8221dc31013a001a335231": "", "5a8221dc31013a001a335232": "the school, but surrounding community", "5a8221dc31013a001a335233": "transit", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f0": "2,400", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f1": "7,200", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f2": "14,000", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f3": "1875", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f4": "1858", "5a82237d31013a001a335243": "", "5a82237d31013a001a335244": "", "5a82237d31013a001a335245": "", "5a82237d31013a001a335246": "7,200 undergraduates and 14,000", "5a82237d31013a001a335247": "", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c4": "$32 billion", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c5": "30%", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c6": "Allston Science Complex", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c7": "$4.093 million", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c8": "$159 million", "5a8224ea31013a001a33524d": "", "5a8224ea31013a001a33524e": "$26 billion", "5a8224ea31013a001a33524f": "30%", "5a8224ea31013a001a335250": "$1.2 billion Allston Science Complex", "5a8224ea31013a001a335251": "", "5727d0f73acd2414000ded13": "late 1980s", "5727d0f73acd2414000ded14": "Kent-Brown.", "5727d0f73acd2414000ded15": "$230 million", "5a8225de31013a001a335261": "", "5a8225de31013a001a335262": "", "5a8225de31013a001a335263": "", "5a8225de31013a001a335264": "", "5a8225de31013a001a335265": "$230 million", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded3f": "5.3%", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded40": "2007", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded41": "2007", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded42": "", "5a82294a31013a001a335271": "more selective, lower transfer-in", "5a82294a31013a001a335272": "", "5a82294a31013a001a335273": "", "5a82294a31013a001a335274": "", "5a82294a31013a001a335275": "", "5727d3843acd2414000ded69": "", "5727d3843acd2414000ded6a": "seven", "5727d3843acd2414000ded6b": "", "5a822bc531013a001a335281": "", "5a822bc531013a001a335282": "", "5a822bc531013a001a335283": "", "5a822bc531013a001a335284": "seven", "5a822bc531013a001a335285": "teaching fellows", "5727d4922ca10214002d977c": "mid-May.", "5727d4922ca10214002d977d": "four", "5727d4922ca10214002d977e": "degrees summa cum laude", "5727d4922ca10214002d977f": "60%", "5a822dc931013a001a335295": "a senior thesis and/or advanced course work", "5a822dc931013a001a335296": "5", "5a822dc931013a001a335297": "", "5a822dc931013a001a335298": "60%", "5a822dc931013a001a335299": "60%", "5727d6154b864d1900163e34": "$38,000", "5727d6154b864d1900163e35": "$57,000", "5727d6154b864d1900163e36": "nothing", "5727d6154b864d1900163e37": "$414 million", "5727d6154b864d1900163e38": "88%", "5a82325231013a001a3352b9": "", "5a82325231013a001a3352ba": "room and board", "5a82325231013a001a3352bb": "", "5a82325231013a001a3352bc": "8%", "5a82325231013a001a3352bd": "", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969a": "Widener Library", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969b": "18 million", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969c": "Cabot Science Library, Lamont Library, and Widener Library", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969d": "Pusey Library", "5a8235a931013a001a3352d7": "Widener Library", "5a8235a931013a001a3352d8": "", "5a8235a931013a001a3352d9": "", "5a8235a931013a001a3352da": "", "5a8235a931013a001a3352db": "", "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5e": "three", "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5f": "Western art from the Middle Ages to the present emphasizing Italian early Renaissance, British pre-Raphaelite, and 19th-century French art.", "5727d88b4b864d1900163e60": "Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology,", "5a82370631013a001a3352e1": "Germanic Museum,", "5a82370631013a001a3352e2": "three", "5a82370631013a001a3352e3": "Le Corbusier,", "5a82370631013a001a3352e4": "ancient, Asian, Islamic and later Indian art, the Busch-Reisinger Museum, formerly the Germanic Museum, covers central and northern European art, and the Fogg Museum of Art, covers Western art from the Middle Ages to the present emphasizing Italian early Renaissance, British pre-Raphaelite, and 19th-century", "5a82370631013a001a3352e5": "", "5727d9c43acd2414000dee17": "2003", "5727d9c43acd2414000dee18": "2011", "5727d9c43acd2414000dee19": "Academic Performance", "5a8238f531013a001a3352f5": "2003", "5a8238f531013a001a3352f6": "", "5a8238f531013a001a3352f7": "", "5a8238f531013a001a3352f8": "", "5a8238f531013a001a3352f9": "", "5727da564b864d1900163e8e": "42", "5727da564b864d1900163e8f": "Yale University", "5727da564b864d1900163e90": "every two years", "5a823a7731013a001a335309": "42", "5a823a7731013a001a33530a": "", "5a823a7731013a001a33530b": "", "5a823a7731013a001a33530c": "every two years", "5a823a7731013a001a33530d": "", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fc": "1875", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fd": "1903", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fe": "1906", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96ff": "", "5a823e6f31013a001a33532d": "Rose Bowl", "5a823e6f31013a001a33532e": "", "5a823e6f31013a001a33532f": "1903", "5a823e6f31013a001a335330": "", "5a823e6f31013a001a335331": "", "5727dc473acd2414000dee43": "Lavietes Pavilion,", "5727dc473acd2414000dee44": "The Malkin Athletic Center,", "5727dc473acd2414000dee45": "three", "5a8241e631013a001a335361": "", "5a8241e631013a001a335362": "", "5a8241e631013a001a335363": "five", "5a8241e631013a001a335364": "two", "5a8241e631013a001a335365": "Olympic-size", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163eba": "23", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebb": "Thames River", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebc": "Cornell),", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebd": "2003", "5a82432131013a001a33536b": "eastern Connecticut.", "5a82432131013a001a33536c": "Thames River", "5a82432131013a001a33536d": "one of the top teams in the country", "5a82432131013a001a33536e": "Intercollegiate Sailing Association National Championships", "5a82432131013a001a33536f": "", "5727de862ca10214002d9860": "", "5727de862ca10214002d9861": "", "5727de862ca10214002d9862": "", "5727de862ca10214002d9863": "", "5a82458131013a001a335387": "", "5a82458131013a001a335388": "", "5a82458131013a001a335389": "", "5a82458131013a001a33538a": "", "5a82458131013a001a33538b": "", "5727e0474b864d1900163f08": "Conan O'Brien;", "5727e0474b864d1900163f09": "Leonard Bernstein;", "5727e0474b864d1900163f0a": "Yo Yo Ma;", "5727e0474b864d1900163f0b": "W. E. B. Du Bois;", "5a8251c231013a001a3353ef": "", "5a8251c231013a001a3353f0": "Isoroku Yamamoto.", "5a8251c231013a001a3353f1": "Jeremy Lin;", "5a8251c231013a001a3353f2": "Tatyana Ali, Nestor Carbonell, Matt Damon, Fred Gwynne, Hill Harper, Rashida Jones, Tommy Lee Jones, Ashley Judd, Jack Lemmon, Natalie Portman, Mira Sorvino, Elisabeth Shue, and Scottie Thompson;", "5a8251c231013a001a3353f3": "", "5727e21e4b864d1900163f34": "Shing-Tung Yau,", "5727e21e4b864d1900163f35": "Alan Dershowitz and Lawrence Lessig.", "5727e21e4b864d1900163f36": "", "5a8257efe60761001a2eb1cf": "", "5a8257efe60761001a2eb1d0": "", "5a8257efe60761001a2eb1d1": "", "5a8257efe60761001a2eb1d2": "", "5a8257efe60761001a2eb1d3": "", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954a": "Jacksonville", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954b": "1,345,596", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954c": "12th", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954d": "Duval County,", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954e": "1968", "5a1c539bb4fb5d00187145fa": "", "5a1c539bb4fb5d00187145fb": "Duval County,", "5a1c539bb4fb5d00187145fc": "1968", "5a1c539bb4fb5d00187145fd": "", "5a1c539bb4fb5d00187145fe": "Jacksonville", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9676": "St. Johns River,", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9677": "", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9678": "Fort Caroline,", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9679": "Timucua", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d967a": "Andrew Jackson,", "5a1c55b4b4fb5d0018714605": "", "5a1c55b4b4fb5d0018714606": "", "5a1c55b4b4fb5d0018714607": "the French colony of Fort Caroline,", "5a1c55b4b4fb5d0018714608": "", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958e": "", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958f": "golf", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9590": "two", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9591": "\"Jacksonvillians\" or \"Jaxsons\"", "5a1c60f0b4fb5d001871460e": "", "5a1c60f0b4fb5d001871460f": "two", "5a1c60f0b4fb5d0018714610": "\"Jacksonvillians\" or \"Jaxsons\"", "5a1c60f0b4fb5d0018714611": "Port of Jacksonville,", "5a1c60f0b4fb5d0018714612": "", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bec": "thousands of years", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bed": "a University of North Florida team", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bee": "", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bef": "the historical era", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bf0": "Ossachite", "5a1c6968b4fb5d0018714618": "", "5a1c6968b4fb5d0018714619": "Black Hammock Island", "5a1c6968b4fb5d001871461a": "", "5a1c6968b4fb5d001871461b": "", "5a1c6968b4fb5d001871461c": "Ossachite", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c26": "Jean Ribault", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c27": "France.", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c28": "Pedro Men\u00e9ndez de Avil\u00e9s to protect the interest of Spain by attacking the French presence at Fort Caroline. On September 20, 1565, a Spanish force from the nearby Spanish settlement of St. Augustine", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c29": "San Mateo,", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c2a": "Fort Caroline", "5a1c6d30b4fb5d0018714622": "1562", "5a1c6d30b4fb5d0018714623": "", "5a1c6d30b4fb5d0018714624": "1562", "5a1c6d30b4fb5d0018714625": "Pedro Men\u00e9ndez de Avil\u00e9s to protect the interest of Spain by attacking the French presence at Fort Caroline. On September 20, 1565, a Spanish force from the nearby Spanish settlement of St. Augustine", "5a1c6d30b4fb5d0018714626": "1964", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d06": "1763 after the French and Indian War,", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d07": "the King's Road", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d08": "Wacca Pilatka", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d09": "Spain", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d0a": "February 9, 1832.", "5a1c8092b4fb5d001871462d": "1821", "5a1c8092b4fb5d001871462e": "", "5a1c8092b4fb5d0018714630": "", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c76": "Confederate", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c77": "The Skirmish of the Brick Church", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c78": "Battle of Olustee", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c79": "Warfare and the long occupation", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c7a": "1864", "5a1c836ab4fb5d0018714636": "Florida to aid the Confederate cause.", "5a1c836ab4fb5d0018714637": "The Skirmish of the Brick Church", "5a1c836ab4fb5d0018714638": "Battle of Olustee", "5a1c836ab4fb5d0018714639": "The Skirmish", "5a1c836ab4fb5d001871463a": "American Civil War,", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbc": "winter", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbd": "President Grover Cleveland", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbe": "yellow fever outbreaks", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbf": "Florida East Coast Railway", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cc0": "railroad", "5a1c850fb4fb5d001871464a": "", "5a1c850fb4fb5d001871464b": "President Grover Cleveland", "5a1c850fb4fb5d001871464c": "yellow fever outbreaks", "5a1c850fb4fb5d001871464d": "Florida East Coast Railway", "5a1c850fb4fb5d001871464e": "Florida East Coast Railway", "5728170d3acd2414000df443": "Spanish moss at a nearby mattress factory was quickly engulfed in flames", "5728170d3acd2414000df444": "2,000", "5728170d3acd2414000df445": "martial law", "5728170d3acd2414000df446": "\"Great Fire of 1901\",", "5a1c861fb4fb5d0018714654": "moss at a nearby mattress factory was quickly engulfed in flames", "5a1c861fb4fb5d0018714655": "eight hours", "5a1c861fb4fb5d0018714656": "", "5a1c861fb4fb5d0018714657": "\"Great Fire of 1901\",", "5a1c861fb4fb5d0018714658": "Architect Henry John Klutho", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d44": "", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d45": "silent", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d46": "\"Winter Film Capital of the World\".", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d47": "", "5a1c8753b4fb5d0018714668": "", "5a1c8753b4fb5d0018714669": "", "5a1c8753b4fb5d001871466a": "\"Winter Film Capital of the World\".", "5a1c8753b4fb5d001871466b": "", "57281ab63acd2414000df493": "The construction of highways", "57281ab63acd2414000df494": "55.1%", "57281ab63acd2414000df495": "", "57281ab63acd2414000df496": "Mayor W. Haydon Burns' Jacksonville Story", "57281ab63acd2414000df497": "World War II.", "5a1c883cb4fb5d0018714670": "negative effects of rapid urban sprawl", "5a1c883cb4fb5d0018714671": "The construction of highways", "5a1c883cb4fb5d0018714672": "55.1%", "5a1c883cb4fb5d0018714673": "urban sprawl", "5a1c883cb4fb5d0018714674": "", "57281bb84b864d190016449a": "Much of the city's tax base dissipated, leading to problems with funding education, sanitation, and traffic control within the city limits.", "57281bb84b864d190016449b": "unincorporated suburbs", "57281bb84b864d190016449c": "annexing outlying communities in order to create the needed tax base", "57281bb84b864d190016449d": "Voters outside the city limits", "5a1c88d2b4fb5d001871467a": "education, sanitation, and traffic control within the city limits", "5a1c88d2b4fb5d001871467b": "", "5a1c88d2b4fb5d001871467c": "", "5a1c88d2b4fb5d001871467d": "Voters outside the city limits", "57281d494b864d19001644be": "through the traditional old boy network", "57281d494b864d19001644bf": "11", "57281d494b864d19001644c0": "Jacksonville Consolidation,", "57281d494b864d19001644c1": "all 15 of Duval County's public high schools lost their accreditation.", "5a1c8971b4fb5d0018714682": "through the traditional old boy network", "5a1c8971b4fb5d0018714683": "11", "5a1c8971b4fb5d0018714684": "", "5a1c8971b4fb5d0018714685": "", "5a1c8971b4fb5d0018714686": "", "57281edd3acd2414000df4eb": "voters approved the plan", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ec": "Hans Tanzler", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ed": "Consolidated City of Jacksonville.", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ee": "", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ef": "", "5a1c8a1eb4fb5d0018714696": "", "5a1c8a1eb4fb5d0018714697": "Consolidated City of Jacksonville.", "5a1c8a1eb4fb5d0018714698": "", "5a1c8a1eb4fb5d0018714699": "", "572820512ca10214002d9e72": "874.3 square miles", "572820512ca10214002d9e73": "Johns River", "572820512ca10214002d9e74": "The Trout River,", "572820512ca10214002d9e75": "13.34%", "572820512ca10214002d9e76": "Baldwin.", "5a1c8aedb4fb5d00187146a0": "", "5a1c8aedb4fb5d00187146a1": "", "5a1c8aedb4fb5d00187146a2": "", "5a1c8aedb4fb5d00187146a3": "", "5a1c8aedb4fb5d00187146a4": "", "572821274b864d1900164510": "tallest", "572821274b864d1900164511": "Barnett Center.", "572821274b864d1900164512": "617 ft", "572821274b864d1900164513": "42", "572821274b864d1900164514": "distinctive flared base", "5a1c8bb4b4fb5d00187146aa": "", "5a1c8bb4b4fb5d00187146ac": "", "5a1c8bb4b4fb5d00187146ad": "", "5a1c8bb4b4fb5d00187146ae": "42 floors. Other notable structures include the 37-story", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc4": "humid subtropical", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc5": "warmest months from May through September,", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc6": "mild weather during winters and hot and humid weather during summers. Seasonal rainfall is concentrated in the warmest months from May through September, while the driest months are from November through April. Due to Jacksonville's low latitude and coastal location, the city sees very little cold weather, and winters are typically mild and sunny.", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc7": "low latitude", "5a1c8c34b4fb5d00187146b4": "", "5a1c8c34b4fb5d00187146b5": "", "5a1c8c34b4fb5d00187146b6": "", "5a1c8c34b4fb5d00187146b7": "low latitude and coastal location", "57282358ff5b5019007d9dde": "104 \u00b0F", "57282358ff5b5019007d9ddf": "thunderstorms", "57282358ff5b5019007d9de0": "rapid heating of the land relative to the water, combined with extremely high humidity", "57282358ff5b5019007d9de1": "July 11, 1879 and July 28, 1872.", "5a1c8d0bb4fb5d00187146bc": "104 \u00b0F", "5a1c8d0bb4fb5d00187146bd": "", "5a1c8d0bb4fb5d00187146be": "extremely high humidity", "5a1c8d0bb4fb5d00187146bf": "July 11, 1879 and July 28, 1872.", "572824f13acd2414000df58f": "Hurricane Dora", "572824f13acd2414000df590": "110 mph", "572824f13acd2414000df591": "Tropical Storm Beryl,", "572824f13acd2414000df592": "Category 2 on the Saffir-Simpson Scale.", "572824f13acd2414000df593": "2008", "5a1c8e0bb4fb5d00187146c4": "Hurricane Dora", "5a1c8e0bb4fb5d00187146c5": "110 mph", "5a1c8e0bb4fb5d00187146c6": "Hurricane Dora", "5a1c8e0bb4fb5d00187146c7": "", "5a1c8e0bb4fb5d00187146c8": "tornado", "572826634b864d19001645be": "Arab", "572826634b864d19001645bf": "821,784", "572826634b864d19001645c0": "tenth-largest", "572826634b864d19001645c1": "Much of Jacksonville's Filipino", "5a1c8ea7b4fb5d00187146ce": "Jacksonville", "5a1c8ea7b4fb5d00187146cf": "", "5a1c8ea7b4fb5d00187146d0": "tenth-largest", "5a1c8ea7b4fb5d00187146d1": "", "5a1c8ea7b4fb5d00187146d2": "United States Navy.", "572827fc3acd2414000df5bb": "29.7%", "572827fc3acd2414000df5bc": "23.9%", "572827fc3acd2414000df5bd": "", "572827fc3acd2414000df5be": "", "5a1c8f54b4fb5d00187146d8": "2010", "5a1c8f54b4fb5d00187146d9": "23.9%", "5a1c8f54b4fb5d00187146da": "94.1", "5a1c8f54b4fb5d00187146db": "2.55", "5a1c8f54b4fb5d00187146dc": "43.8%", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ee": "40%", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ef": "3.5 billion", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f0": "$759,900", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f1": "the methodology used", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f2": "", "5729d36b1d04691400779607": "40%", "5729d36b1d04691400779608": "financial assets", "5729d36b1d04691400779609": "$41 trillion", "5729d36b1d0469140077960a": "more than half", "5729d36b1d0469140077960b": "a greater tendency to take on debts", "5ad242e5d7d075001a4289a4": "", "5ad242e5d7d075001a4289a5": "3.5 billion", "5ad242e5d7d075001a4289a6": "$759,900", "5ad242e5d7d075001a4289a7": "", "5ad242e5d7d075001a4289a8": "", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc0": "400 richest", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc1": "New York Times", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc2": "Inherited wealth may help explain why many Americans who have become rich may have had a \"substantial head start\".", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc3": "", "5729d44b1d04691400779611": "more wealth", "5729d44b1d04691400779612": "", "5729d44b1d04691400779613": "Inherited wealth", "5729d44b1d04691400779614": "over 60 percent", "5729d44b1d04691400779615": "Institute for Policy Studies,", "5ad2434fd7d075001a4289d6": "", "5ad2434fd7d075001a4289d7": "", "5ad2434fd7d075001a4289d8": "", "5ad2434fd7d075001a4289d9": "", "5ad2434fd7d075001a4289da": "", "5727e9523acd2414000def95": "Neoclassical economics", "5727e9523acd2414000def96": "productivity gap between highly-paid professions and lower-paid professions", "5727e9523acd2414000def97": "differences in value added by different classifications of workers", "5727e9523acd2414000def98": "inequality", "5727e9523acd2414000def99": "", "5729d51d3f37b3190047858f": "differences in value added by labor, capital and land", "5729d51d3f37b31900478590": "value added by labor, capital and land", "5729d51d3f37b31900478591": "wages and profits", "5729d51d3f37b31900478592": "worker, capitalist/business owner, landlord", "5729d51d3f37b31900478593": "productivity gap between highly-paid professions and lower-paid professions", "5ad243a7d7d075001a428a06": "Neoclassical economics", "5ad243a7d7d075001a428a07": "", "5ad243a7d7d075001a428a08": "", "5ad243a7d7d075001a428a09": "", "5ad243a7d7d075001a428a0a": "", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986e": "", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986f": "", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9870": "unemployment", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9871": "relatively stagnant wages", "5729d609af94a219006aa661": "labor inputs", "5729d609af94a219006aa662": "under competitive pressure to reduce costs and maximize profits", "5729d609af94a219006aa663": "capitalist firms increasingly substitute capital equipment for labor inputs (workers) under competitive pressure to reduce costs and maximize profits. Over the long-term, this trend", "5729d609af94a219006aa664": "productivity", "5729d609af94a219006aa665": "relatively stagnant", "5ad2442bd7d075001a428a3c": "", "5ad2442bd7d075001a428a3d": "raises the productivity of each worker, resulting in a situation of relatively stagnant wages", "5ad2442bd7d075001a428a3e": "less", "5ad2442bd7d075001a428a3f": "relatively stagnant wages", "5ad2442bd7d075001a428a40": "", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b6": "", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b7": "supply and demand", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b8": "chronically understaffed", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b9": "by offering a higher wage the best of their labor", "5727ec062ca10214002d99ba": "unfair", "5729d878af94a219006aa66b": "market", "5729d878af94a219006aa66c": "prices", "5729d878af94a219006aa66d": "wages", "5729d878af94a219006aa66e": "markets", "5729d878af94a219006aa66f": "inequality", "5ad2461ad7d075001a428ad2": "", "5ad2461ad7d075001a428ad3": "chronically understaffed", "5ad2461ad7d075001a428ad4": "", "5ad2461ad7d075001a428ad5": "by offering a higher wage the best of their labor", "5ad2461ad7d075001a428ad6": "", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df001": "competition between employers for employees will drive up the wage. Examples of this would include jobs that require highly developed skills, rare abilities, or a high level of risk. Competition amongst employers", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df002": "", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df003": "", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df004": "", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df005": "", "5729da0faf94a219006aa675": "low wage", "5729da0faf94a219006aa676": "", "5729da0faf94a219006aa677": "expendable nature of the worker in relation to his or her particular job", "5729da0faf94a219006aa678": "", "5729da0faf94a219006aa679": "", "5ad2467ad7d075001a428af6": "competition between employers for employees will drive up the wage. Examples of this would include jobs that require highly developed skills, rare abilities, or a high level of risk. Competition amongst employers", "5ad2467ad7d075001a428af7": "low wage", "5ad2467ad7d075001a428af8": "", "5ad2467ad7d075001a428af9": "", "5ad2467ad7d075001a428afa": "", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ec": "", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ed": "", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ee": "", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ef": "", "5727ee372ca10214002d99f0": "", "5729de24af94a219006aa689": "higher economic inequality", "5729de24af94a219006aa68a": "necessity", "5729de24af94a219006aa68b": "Necessity-based entrepreneurship is motivated by survival", "5729de24af94a219006aa68c": "achievement-oriented motivations", "5729de24af94a219006aa68d": "positive", "5ad2472bd7d075001a428b22": "", "5ad2472bd7d075001a428b23": "", "5ad2472bd7d075001a428b24": "", "5ad2472bd7d075001a428b25": "", "5ad2472bd7d075001a428b26": "", "5727ef664b864d1900164060": "", "5727ef664b864d1900164061": "top tax rate", "5727ef664b864d1900164062": "", "5727ef664b864d1900164063": "", "5729e02f1d04691400779639": "the tax rate", "5729e02f1d0469140077963a": "the level of the top tax rate", "5729e02f1d0469140077963b": "steeper tax progressivity applied to social spending", "5729e02f1d0469140077963c": "Gini index", "5ad247b0d7d075001a428b42": "", "5ad247b0d7d075001a428b43": "", "5ad247b0d7d075001a428b44": "", "5ad247b0d7d075001a428b45": "", "5ad247b0d7d075001a428b46": "the tax rate", "5727f05b4b864d1900164068": "", "5727f05b4b864d1900164069": "", "5727f05b4b864d190016406a": "lower incomes", "5727f05b4b864d190016406b": "the poor", "5727f05b4b864d190016406c": "", "5729e1101d04691400779641": "variation in individuals' access to education", "5729e1101d04691400779642": "high wages", "5729e1101d04691400779643": "lower", "5729e1101d04691400779644": "lower incomes", "5729e1101d04691400779645": "education raises incomes and promotes growth", "5ad24840d7d075001a428b5c": "", "5ad24840d7d075001a428b5d": "", "5ad24840d7d075001a428b5e": "", "5ad24840d7d075001a428b5f": "", "5ad24840d7d075001a428b60": "", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05b": "increasing access to education", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05c": "$105 billion", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05d": "boom-and-bust cycles", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05e": "", "5729e1e36aef0514001550ba": "the widening disparity between the U.S.'s wealthiest citizens and the rest of the nation had slowed its recovery from the 2008-2009 recession and made it more prone to boom-and-bust cycles.", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bb": "slowed its recovery from the 2008-2009 recession and made it more prone to boom-and-bust cycles", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bc": "increasing access to education", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bd": "$105 billion", "5729e1e36aef0514001550be": "boom-and-bust cycles", "5ad248e0d7d075001a428b82": "increasing access to education", "5ad248e0d7d075001a428b83": "$105 billion", "5ad248e0d7d075001a428b84": "", "5ad248e0d7d075001a428b85": "", "5ad248e0d7d075001a428b86": "", "5727f2714b864d1900164072": "1910\u20131940", "5727f2714b864d1900164073": "a decrease in the price of skilled labor", "5727f2714b864d1900164074": "a decrease in the price of skilled labor", "5727f2714b864d1900164075": "", "5727f2714b864d1900164076": "wages", "5729e2b76aef0514001550ce": "1910\u20131940", "5729e2b76aef0514001550cf": "decrease in the price of skilled labor", "5729e2b76aef0514001550d0": "a stepping-stone to acquire college and advanced degrees", "5729e2b76aef0514001550d1": "Education", "5729e2b76aef0514001550d2": "gender inequality in education can result to low economic growth, and continued gender inequality in education", "5ad24b96d7d075001a428bee": "", "5ad24b96d7d075001a428bef": "decreased inequality", "5ad24b96d7d075001a428bf0": "", "5ad24b96d7d075001a428bf1": "", "5ad24b96d7d075001a428bf2": "", "5727f6723acd2414000df0e7": "union membership", "5727f6723acd2414000df0e8": "", "5727f6723acd2414000df0e9": "", "5727f6723acd2414000df0ea": "", "5729e38daf94a219006aa69d": "economic inequality", "5729e38daf94a219006aa69e": "social exclusion", "5729e38daf94a219006aa69f": "CEPR", "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a0": "little", "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a1": "lower", "5ad24e50d7d075001a428c3a": "union membership", "5ad24e50d7d075001a428c3b": "continental European countries", "5ad24e50d7d075001a428c3c": "", "5ad24e50d7d075001a428c3d": "", "5ad24e50d7d075001a428c3e": "", "5727f7523acd2414000df10d": "Scandinavia,", "5727f7523acd2414000df10e": "high inequality", "5727f7523acd2414000df10f": "", "5727f7523acd2414000df110": "", "5729e4291d04691400779651": "University of Washington", "5729e4291d04691400779652": "University of Washington", "5729e4291d04691400779653": "the decline of organized labor", "5729e4291d04691400779654": "high", "5729e4291d04691400779655": "weak labor movements", "5ad24efad7d075001a428c74": "Scandinavia,", "5ad24efad7d075001a428c75": "", "5ad24efad7d075001a428c76": "", "5ad24efad7d075001a428c77": "", "5ad24efad7d075001a428c78": "", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a18": "reduced wages", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a19": "reduced wages", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1a": "trade liberalisation", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1b": "machine labor", "5729f1283f37b319004785d7": "a global to a domestic", "5729f1283f37b319004785d8": "", "5729f1283f37b319004785d9": "trade liberalisation", "5729f1283f37b319004785da": "minor", "5729f1283f37b319004785db": "machine labor", "5ad24fb7d7d075001a428c92": "reduced wages", "5ad24fb7d7d075001a428c93": "", "5ad24fb7d7d075001a428c94": "machine labor", "5ad24fb7d7d075001a428c95": "", "5727fd123acd2414000df185": "53% in Botswana to -40%", "5727fd123acd2414000df186": "53% in Botswana to -40%", "5727fd123acd2414000df187": "", "5727fd123acd2414000df188": "", "5729f1c13f37b319004785e7": "Gender", "5729f1c13f37b319004785e8": "males", "5729f1c13f37b319004785e9": "women", "5729f1c13f37b319004785ea": "Thomas Sowell,", "5729f1c13f37b319004785eb": "US", "5ad258f3d7d075001a428de4": "", "5ad258f3d7d075001a428de5": "", "5ad258f3d7d075001a428de6": "", "5ad258f3d7d075001a428de7": "", "5ad258f3d7d075001a428de8": "", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ab": "social welfare programs", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ac": "lower", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ad": "it acquires more capital", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ae": "", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6dd": "", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6de": "levels of economic inequality", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6df": "more capital", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e0": "more wealth and income", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e1": "more developed countries move back to lower levels of inequality", "5ad2594ed7d075001a428df8": "", "5ad2594ed7d075001a428df9": "lower levels of inequality", "5ad2594ed7d075001a428dfa": "", "5ad2594ed7d075001a428dfb": "", "5ad2594ed7d075001a428dfc": "", "57287b322ca10214002da3be": "1910 to 1940", "57287b322ca10214002da3bf": "", "57287b322ca10214002da3c0": "", "57287b322ca10214002da3c1": "", "5729f3883f37b319004785f1": "Kuznets", "5729f3883f37b319004785f2": "Kuznets curve.", "5729f3883f37b319004785f3": "weak", "5729f3883f37b319004785f4": "decrease", "5729f3883f37b319004785f5": "the move from the manufacturing sector to the service sector", "5ad259fdd7d075001a428e26": "1910 to 1940", "5ad259fdd7d075001a428e27": "", "5ad259fdd7d075001a428e28": "", "5ad259fdd7d075001a428e29": "", "5ad259fdd7d075001a428e2a": "", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26c": "", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26d": "beneficiaries", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26e": "wealth condensation", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26f": "", "5729f4273f37b319004785fb": "in the possession of already-wealthy individuals or entities", "5729f4273f37b319004785fc": "those who already hold wealth", "5729f4273f37b319004785fd": "wealth condensation", "5729f4273f37b319004785fe": "Thomas Piketty", "5729f4273f37b319004785ff": "higher returns", "5ad25a8bd7d075001a428e30": "", "5ad25a8bd7d075001a428e31": "inequality", "5ad25a8bd7d075001a428e32": "", "5ad25a8bd7d075001a428e33": "", "5ad25a8bd7d075001a428e34": "", "5729f4e46aef051400155156": "", "5729f4e46aef051400155157": "market forces", "5729f4e46aef051400155158": "rare and desired", "5729f4e46aef051400155159": "political power", "5729f4e46aef05140015515a": "rent-seeking", "5ad25af2d7d075001a428e52": "", "5ad25af2d7d075001a428e53": "", "5ad25af2d7d075001a428e54": "rare and desired", "5ad25af2d7d075001a428e55": "", "5ad25af2d7d075001a428e56": "rent-seeking", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6ef": "inequality", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f0": "when human capital is neglected", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f1": "life expectancy", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f2": "", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f3": "lower", "5ad25c56d7d075001a428e9a": "inequality", "5ad25c56d7d075001a428e9b": "when human capital is neglected", "5ad25c56d7d075001a428e9c": "life expectancy", "5ad25c56d7d075001a428e9d": "", "5ad25c56d7d075001a428e9e": "lower", "572a05eb3f37b31900478653": "2013", "572a05eb3f37b31900478654": "rising inequality", "572a05eb3f37b31900478655": "negative", "572a05eb3f37b31900478656": "social dislocation, unrest and conflict", "572a05eb3f37b31900478657": "economic", "5ad25cced7d075001a428ec6": "", "5ad25cced7d075001a428ec7": "", "5ad25cced7d075001a428ec8": "", "5ad25cced7d075001a428ec9": "", "5ad25cced7d075001a428eca": "economic", "572a06866aef0514001551be": "British", "572a06866aef0514001551bf": "higher", "572a06866aef0514001551c0": "lower", "572a06866aef0514001551c1": "equality", "572a06866aef0514001551c2": "23", "5ad25d39d7d075001a428ed8": "", "5ad25d39d7d075001a428ed9": "", "5ad25d39d7d075001a428eda": "lower", "5ad25d39d7d075001a428edb": "equality", "5ad25d39d7d075001a428edc": "", "572a070c6aef0514001551c8": "better health and longer lives", "572a070c6aef0514001551c9": "poorer countries", "572a070c6aef0514001551ca": "life expectancy", "572a070c6aef0514001551cb": "Americans", "572a070c6aef0514001551cc": "", "5ad25eead7d075001a428f4c": "better health and longer lives", "5ad25eead7d075001a428f4d": "", "5ad25eead7d075001a428f4e": "", "5ad25eead7d075001a428f4f": "", "5ad25eead7d075001a428f50": "", "572a07a86aef0514001551d2": "income inequality", "572a07a86aef0514001551d3": "", "572a07a86aef0514001551d4": "nine", "572a07a86aef0514001551d5": "countries with bigger income inequalities", "572a07a86aef0514001551d6": "greater equality but not per capita income", "5ad25f42d7d075001a428f72": "", "5ad25f42d7d075001a428f73": "", "5ad25f42d7d075001a428f74": "", "5ad25f42d7d075001a428f75": "", "5ad25f42d7d075001a428f76": "", "572a0a391d046914007796df": "inequality", "572a0a391d046914007796e0": "homicides", "572a0a391d046914007796e1": "over fifty", "572a0a391d046914007796e2": "tenfold", "572a0a391d046914007796e3": "differences in the amount of inequality in each province or state", "5ad25fcbd7d075001a428f8c": "", "5ad25fcbd7d075001a428f8d": "", "5ad25fcbd7d075001a428f8e": "", "5ad25fcbd7d075001a428f8f": "", "5ad25fcbd7d075001a428f90": "", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa765": "economic inequality", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa766": "", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa767": "a great deal of utility to that person", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa768": "decreases", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa769": "higher aggregate utility", "5ad260dbd7d075001a428fd8": "", "5ad260dbd7d075001a428fd9": "", "5ad260dbd7d075001a428fda": "", "5ad260dbd7d075001a428fdb": "decreases", "5ad260dbd7d075001a428fdc": "higher aggregate utility", "572a0c541d046914007796f3": "", "572a0c541d046914007796f4": "libertarian", "572a0c541d046914007796f5": "2001", "572a0c541d046914007796f6": "Thomas B. Edsall.", "572a0c541d046914007796f7": "journalist", "5ad2616fd7d075001a429036": "consumption, rather than income", "5ad2616fd7d075001a429037": "", "5ad2616fd7d075001a429038": "", "5ad2616fd7d075001a429039": "", "5ad2616fd7d075001a42903a": "", "572a0d21af94a219006aa783": "economist", "572a0d21af94a219006aa784": "systematic economic inequalities", "572a0d21af94a219006aa785": "Financial crisis of 2007\u201308", "572a0d21af94a219006aa786": "easier credit", "572a0d21af94a219006aa787": "unsustainable monetary stimulation", "5ad261cfd7d075001a429062": "", "5ad261cfd7d075001a429063": "", "5ad261cfd7d075001a429064": "", "5ad261cfd7d075001a429065": "", "5ad261cfd7d075001a429066": "", "572a0e0e1d04691400779707": "inequality in wealth and income", "572a0e0e1d04691400779708": "quality of a country's institutions and high levels of education", "572a0e0e1d04691400779709": "declines", "572a0e0e1d0469140077970a": "higher GDP growth.", "572a0e0e1d0469140077970b": "The poor and the middle class", "5ad2623dd7d075001a429092": "inequality in wealth and income", "5ad2623dd7d075001a429093": "quality of a country's institutions and high levels of education", "5ad2623dd7d075001a429094": "declines", "5ad2623dd7d075001a429095": "higher GDP growth.", "5ad2623dd7d075001a429096": "", "572a0ecb1d04691400779717": "", "572a0ecb1d04691400779718": "economic growth", "572a0ecb1d04691400779719": "subsequent long-run economic growth", "572a0ecb1d0469140077971a": "it is a waste of resources", "572a0ecb1d0469140077971b": "inequality-associated effects", "5ad262aad7d075001a4290c0": "", "5ad262aad7d075001a4290c1": "economic growth", "5ad262aad7d075001a4290c2": "", "5ad262aad7d075001a4290c3": "reducing its inequality-associated effects", "5ad262aad7d075001a4290c4": "inequality-associated effects", "572a1046af94a219006aa78d": "", "572a1046af94a219006aa78e": "limiting aggregate demand", "572a1046af94a219006aa78f": "", "572a1046af94a219006aa790": "increasing importance of human capital in development", "572a1046af94a219006aa791": "widespread education", "5ad262ffd7d075001a4290e4": "", "5ad262ffd7d075001a4290e5": "", "5ad262ffd7d075001a4290e6": "", "5ad262ffd7d075001a4290e7": "increasing importance of human capital in development", "572a11663f37b31900478693": "1993", "572a11663f37b31900478694": "detrimental", "572a11663f37b31900478695": "the channels through which inequality may affect economic growth", "572a11663f37b31900478696": "redistributive taxation", "572a11663f37b31900478697": "politically and socially unstable", "5ad26367d7d075001a4290fe": "", "5ad26367d7d075001a4290ff": "", "5ad26367d7d075001a429100": "", "5ad26367d7d075001a429101": "redistributive taxation", "5ad26367d7d075001a429102": "", "572a12381d0469140077972b": "Harvard", "572a12381d0469140077972c": "growth and investment", "572a12381d0469140077972d": "reduce", "572a12381d0469140077972e": "encourage growth", "572a12381d0469140077972f": "1960 and 2000", "5ad26420d7d075001a429134": "", "5ad26420d7d075001a429135": "", "5ad26420d7d075001a429136": "", "5ad26420d7d075001a429137": "reduce growth in relatively poor countries but encourage growth", "5ad26420d7d075001a429138": "", "572a13841d0469140077973b": "Kuznets curve hypothesis,", "572a13841d0469140077973c": "increases, then decreases. Economist Thomas Piketty challenges this notion, claiming that from 1914 to 1945", "572a13841d0469140077973d": "Economist Thomas Piketty", "572a13841d0469140077973e": "Economist", "572a13841d0469140077973f": "wars and \"violent economic and political shocks", "5ad2647bd7d075001a429156": "", "5ad2647bd7d075001a429157": "decreases. Economist Thomas Piketty challenges this notion, claiming that from 1914 to 1945 wars and \"violent economic and political shocks\" reduced inequality. Moreover, Piketty argues that the \"magical\" Kuznets curve hypothesis, with its emphasis on the balancing of economic growth in the long run, cannot account for the significant increase in economic inequality throughout the developed world since the 1970s.", "5ad2647bd7d075001a429158": "", "5ad2647bd7d075001a429159": "", "5ad2647bd7d075001a42915a": "wars and \"violent economic and political shocks", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7df": "1970s", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e0": "reduced consumer demand", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e1": "risen with increased income inequality", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e2": "several years", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e3": "more equality in the income distribution", "5ad264e2d7d075001a42917c": "1970s", "5ad264e2d7d075001a42917d": "reduced consumer demand", "5ad264e2d7d075001a42917e": "", "5ad264e2d7d075001a42917f": "", "5ad264e2d7d075001a429180": "", "572a1a5c6aef051400155284": "special efforts", "572a1a5c6aef051400155285": "existing level of inequality", "572a1a5c6aef051400155286": "", "572a1a5c6aef051400155287": "United Nations", "572a1a5c6aef051400155288": "reducing poverty", "5ad2654fd7d075001a4291a8": "special efforts", "5ad2654fd7d075001a4291a9": "", "5ad2654fd7d075001a4291aa": "", "5ad2654fd7d075001a4291ab": "", "5ad2654fd7d075001a4291ac": "reducing poverty", "572a1ba46aef05140015528e": "land and housing", "572a1ba46aef05140015528f": "through various associations and other arrangements", "572a1ba46aef051400155290": "extra-legal", "572a1ba46aef051400155291": "200", "572a1ba46aef051400155292": "government land", "5ad265d2d7d075001a4291c6": "", "5ad265d2d7d075001a4291c7": "through various associations and other arrangements", "5ad265d2d7d075001a4291c8": "", "5ad265d2d7d075001a4291c9": "200", "5ad265d2d7d075001a4291ca": "", "572a1c943f37b319004786e1": "affordable housing", "572a1c943f37b319004786e2": "quality rental units", "572a1c943f37b319004786e3": "", "572a1c943f37b319004786e4": "landlords", "572a1c943f37b319004786e5": "", "5ad266efd7d075001a4291f4": "", "5ad266efd7d075001a4291f5": "", "5ad266efd7d075001a4291f6": "", "5ad266efd7d075001a4291f7": "landlords", "5ad266efd7d075001a4291f8": "", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f5": "housing, pensions, education and health care", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f6": "their finances", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f7": "aspirational consumption", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f8": "taking on debt", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f9": "greater inequality and potential economic instability", "5ad2676ed7d075001a429210": "housing, pensions, education and health care", "5ad2676ed7d075001a429211": "their finances", "5ad2676ed7d075001a429212": "aspirational consumption", "5ad2676ed7d075001a429213": "taking on debt", "5ad2676ed7d075001a429214": "greater inequality and potential economic instability", "572a1f086aef0514001552c0": "smaller the economic inequality, the more waste and pollution is created", "572a1f086aef0514001552c1": "", "572a1f086aef0514001552c2": "", "572a1f086aef0514001552c3": "", "5ad267e2d7d075001a429246": "economic inequality", "5ad267e2d7d075001a429247": "", "5ad267e2d7d075001a429248": "", "5ad267e2d7d075001a429249": "", "5ad267e2d7d075001a42924a": "", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d0": "private ownership of the means of production by a class of owners", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d1": "", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d2": "a wage or salary", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d3": "socially owned", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d4": "", "5ad2684bd7d075001a429262": "", "5ad2684bd7d075001a429263": "", "5ad2684bd7d075001a429264": "", "5ad2684bd7d075001a429265": "", "5ad2684bd7d075001a429266": "", "572a20816aef0514001552e4": "Robert Nozick", "572a20816aef0514001552e5": "taxation", "572a20816aef0514001552e6": "force", "572a20816aef0514001552e7": "forceful taking of property", "572a20816aef0514001552e8": "when they improve society as a whole", "5ad268b2d7d075001a429288": "", "5ad268b2d7d075001a429289": "taxation", "5ad268b2d7d075001a42928a": "", "5ad268b2d7d075001a42928b": "", "5ad268b2d7d075001a42928c": "", "572a213e6aef0514001552ee": "capability deprivation", "572a213e6aef0514001552ef": "the end itself", "572a213e6aef0514001552f0": "to \u201cwid[en] people\u2019s choices and the level of their achieved well-being", "572a213e6aef0514001552f1": "increasing functionings", "572a213e6aef0514001552f2": "ability to pursue valued goals", "5ad2690ed7d075001a4292b0": "", "5ad2690ed7d075001a4292b1": "", "5ad2690ed7d075001a4292b2": "", "5ad2690ed7d075001a4292b3": "", "5ad2690ed7d075001a4292b4": "", "572a2224af94a219006aa823": "deprived of earning as much income", "572a2224af94a219006aa824": "", "572a2224af94a219006aa825": "gender roles and customs", "572a2224af94a219006aa826": "for fear of their lives", "572a2224af94a219006aa827": "a better relevant income", "5ad26964d7d075001a4292cc": "deprived", "5ad26964d7d075001a4292cd": "cannot earn as much", "5ad26964d7d075001a4292ce": "", "5ad26964d7d075001a4292cf": "", "5ad26964d7d075001a4292d0": "a better relevant income", "57283c464b864d19001647c8": "private research", "57283c464b864d19001647c9": "1890", "57283c464b864d19001647ca": "seven", "57283c464b864d19001647cb": "four", "57283c464b864d19001647cc": "15,000", "5acf774877cf76001a684e96": "The University of Chicago", "5acf774877cf76001a684e97": "", "5acf774877cf76001a684e98": "", "5acf774877cf76001a684e99": "U of C)", "5acf774877cf76001a684e9a": "professional schools", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbc": "various academic disciplines", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbd": "Chicago's physics department", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbe": "Stagg Field.", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbf": "University of Chicago Press,", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fc0": "2020", "5acf782877cf76001a684eb2": "", "5acf782877cf76001a684eb3": "", "5acf782877cf76001a684eb4": "", "5acf782877cf76001a684eb5": "", "5acf782877cf76001a684eb6": "2020", "57283f014b864d19001647e8": "American Baptist Education Society", "57283f014b864d19001647e9": "John D.", "57283f014b864d19001647ea": "William Rainey Harper", "57283f014b864d19001647eb": "1891", "57283f014b864d19001647ec": "1892", "5acf7dcf77cf76001a684f7a": "", "5acf7dcf77cf76001a684f7b": "1890", "5acf7dcf77cf76001a684f7c": "1891", "5acf7dcf77cf76001a684f7d": "", "5acf7dcf77cf76001a684f7e": "", "57284142ff5b5019007da00a": "Marshall Field.", "57284142ff5b5019007da00b": "Silas B. Cobb", "57284142ff5b5019007da00c": "Cobb Lecture Hall,", "57284142ff5b5019007da00d": "", "57284142ff5b5019007da00e": "", "5acf7ecb77cf76001a684fa2": "1890", "5acf7ecb77cf76001a684fa3": "", "5acf7ecb77cf76001a684fa4": "", "5acf7ecb77cf76001a684fa5": "", "5acf7ecb77cf76001a684fa6": "", "572843304b864d1900164848": "Shimer College", "572843304b864d1900164849": "1896", "572843304b864d190016484a": "", "572843304b864d190016484b": "Several University of Chicago professors", "572843304b864d190016484c": "1910", "5acf7fdf77cf76001a684fd4": "1890s", "5acf7fdf77cf76001a684fd5": "Mount Carroll, Illinois.", "5acf7fdf77cf76001a684fd6": "", "5acf7fdf77cf76001a684fd7": "1896", "57284456ff5b5019007da05c": "Robert Maynard Hutchins,", "57284456ff5b5019007da05d": "1929", "57284456ff5b5019007da05e": "24-year", "57284456ff5b5019007da05f": "to emphasize academics over athletics", "57284456ff5b5019007da060": "Common Core,", "5acf808877cf76001a685004": "", "5acf808877cf76001a685005": "", "5acf808877cf76001a685006": "", "5acf808877cf76001a685007": "1933", "5acf808877cf76001a685008": "", "57284618ff5b5019007da0a8": "1950s", "57284618ff5b5019007da0a9": "increasing crime and poverty in the Hyde Park neighborhood.", "57284618ff5b5019007da0aa": "", "57284618ff5b5019007da0ab": "Hyde Park,", "57284618ff5b5019007da0ac": "allowed very young students to attend college", "5acf82c277cf76001a685064": "", "5acf82c277cf76001a685065": "", "5acf82c277cf76001a685066": "", "5acf82c277cf76001a685067": "Hyde Park", "5acf82c277cf76001a685068": "an early entrant program", "572847ff3acd2414000df869": "", "572847ff3acd2414000df86a": "", "572847ff3acd2414000df86b": "1967", "572847ff3acd2414000df86c": "two", "572847ff3acd2414000df86d": "", "5acf86ff77cf76001a6850f8": "", "5acf86ff77cf76001a6850f9": "", "5acf86ff77cf76001a6850fa": "", "5acf86ff77cf76001a6850fb": "1967", "5acf86ff77cf76001a6850fc": "", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f2": "mid-2000s", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f3": "Milton Friedman Institute", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f4": "$200 million", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f5": "", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f6": "David G. Booth", "5acf879f77cf76001a68511c": "", "5acf879f77cf76001a68511d": "2008", "5acf879f77cf76001a68511e": "$200 million", "5acf879f77cf76001a68511f": "", "5acf879f77cf76001a685120": "", "57284b904b864d19001648e2": "Main Quadrangles,", "57284b904b864d19001648e3": "six", "57284b904b864d19001648e4": "Henry Ives Cobb.", "57284b904b864d19001648e5": "Christ Church Hall.)", "57284b904b864d19001648e6": "Victorian Gothic and Collegiate Gothic styles, patterned on the colleges of the University of Oxford.", "5acf8b1177cf76001a68518e": "the Main Quadrangles,", "5acf8b1177cf76001a68518f": "", "5acf8b1177cf76001a685190": "", "5acf8b1177cf76001a685191": "two", "57284d484b864d1900164900": "1940s", "57284d484b864d1900164901": "Eero Saarinen", "57284d484b864d1900164902": "School of Social Service Administration;,", "57284d484b864d1900164903": "School of Social Service Administration;,", "57284d484b864d1900164904": "2001", "5acf8bbd77cf76001a6851b2": "", "5acf8bbd77cf76001a6851b3": "1955", "5acf8bbd77cf76001a6851b4": "", "5acf8bbd77cf76001a6851b5": "", "5acf8bbd77cf76001a6851b6": "2001", "57284e9fff5b5019007da150": "", "57284e9fff5b5019007da151": "Seine", "57284e9fff5b5019007da152": "", "57284e9fff5b5019007da153": "Renmin University's", "57284e9fff5b5019007da154": "2015", "5acf8c4b77cf76001a6851bc": "Singapore, London, and the downtown Streeterville neighborhood of Chicago.", "5acf8c4b77cf76001a6851bd": "The Center in Paris,", "5acf8c4b77cf76001a6851be": "", "5acf8c4b77cf76001a6851bf": "", "5acf8c4b77cf76001a6851c0": "", "5728501aff5b5019007da166": "", "5728501aff5b5019007da167": "50", "5728501aff5b5019007da168": "fourteen", "5728501aff5b5019007da169": "", "5728501aff5b5019007da16a": "Daniel Diermeier.", "5acf8d4077cf76001a6851f6": "a board of trustees", "5acf8d4077cf76001a6851f7": "", "5acf8d4077cf76001a6851f8": "", "5acf8d4077cf76001a6851f9": "", "5acf8d4077cf76001a6851fa": "Daniel Diermeier.", "5728510f4b864d1900164936": "The Higher Learning Commission.", 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workload and academic difficulty", "572855973acd2414000df925": "University of Chicago Laboratory Schools", "572855973acd2414000df926": "Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School", "572855973acd2414000df927": "four", "572855973acd2414000df928": "", "572855973acd2414000df929": "University of Chicago campus.", "5acf98ad77cf76001a6853c6": "undergraduate and postgraduate schools", "5acf98ad77cf76001a6853c7": "University of Chicago Laboratory Schools", "5acf98ad77cf76001a6853c8": "", "5acf98ad77cf76001a6853c9": "", "5acf98ad77cf76001a6853ca": "University of Chicago Press,", "572856beff5b5019007da190": "six", "572856beff5b5019007da191": "9.8 million", "572856beff5b5019007da192": "Regenstein Library,", "572856beff5b5019007da193": "2011", "572856beff5b5019007da194": "1.3 million", "5acf99b577cf76001a6853ee": "", "5acf99b577cf76001a6853ef": "", "5acf99b577cf76001a6853f0": "", "5acf99b577cf76001a6853f1": "2011", "57285841ff5b5019007da19a": "12", "57285841ff5b5019007da19b": "113", "57285841ff5b5019007da19c": "Oriental Institute\u2014a", "57285841ff5b5019007da19d": "Fermilab,", "57285841ff5b5019007da19e": "", "5acf9a5277cf76001a68541c": "12", "5acf9a5277cf76001a68541d": "113", "5acf9a5277cf76001a68541e": "Oriental Institute\u2014a", "5acf9a5277cf76001a68541f": "Sunspot,", "5acf9a5277cf76001a685420": "Chicago's", "57286010ff5b5019007da1ca": "shaping ideas about the free market", "57286010ff5b5019007da1cb": "Chicago Pile-1", "57286010ff5b5019007da1cc": "Miller\u2013Urey experiment,", "57286010ff5b5019007da1cd": "1953", "5acf9b1177cf76001a685440": "early Earth,", "5acf9b1177cf76001a685441": "early Earth,", "5acf9b1177cf76001a685442": "", "5acf9b1177cf76001a685443": "Miller\u2013Urey", "5acf9b1177cf76001a685444": "", "572861cc4b864d190016495e": "1933", "572861cc4b864d190016495f": "2000", "572861cc4b864d1900164960": "1996", "572861cc4b864d1900164961": "2002", "572861cc4b864d1900164962": "Several thousand", "5acf9bcf77cf76001a68547a": "", "5acf9bcf77cf76001a68547b": "art history", "5acf9bcf77cf76001a68547c": "music, and art history", "5acf9bcf77cf76001a68547d": "", "5acf9bcf77cf76001a68547e": "2012", "572863363acd2414000df985": "5,792", "572863363acd2414000df986": "3,468", "572863363acd2414000df987": "5,984", "572863363acd2414000df988": "5,792", "572863363acd2414000df989": "", "5acf9d3477cf76001a685512": "5,792", "5acf9d3477cf76001a685513": "four", "5acf9d3477cf76001a685514": "3,468", "5acf9d3477cf76001a685515": "", "5acf9d3477cf76001a685516": "", "572864542ca10214002da2de": "University Athletic Association", "572864542ca10214002da2df": "NCAA's Division III", "572864542ca10214002da2e0": "Big Ten Conference", "572864542ca10214002da2e1": "Jay Berwanger", "572864542ca10214002da2e2": "1946", "5acf9dfb77cf76001a685556": "", "5acf9dfb77cf76001a685557": "1935", "5acf9dfb77cf76001a685558": "", "5acf9dfb77cf76001a685559": "", "5acf9dfb77cf76001a68555a": "", "5728659f4b864d190016498a": "over 400", "5728659f4b864d190016498b": "Recognized Student Organizations", "5728659f4b864d190016498c": "University of Chicago College Bowl Team,", "5728659f4b864d190016498d": "Doc Films,", "5728659f4b864d190016498e": "Off-Off Campus,", "5acf9e9377cf76001a685582": "over 400", "5acf9e9377cf76001a685583": "Recognized Student Organizations", "5acf9e9377cf76001a685584": "2013-14 and 2014-2015", "5acf9e9377cf76001a685585": "", "5acf9e9377cf76001a685586": "2013-14 and 2014-2015", "5728667eff5b5019007da1fc": "graduate and undergraduate students", "5728667eff5b5019007da1fd": "Executive Committee,", "5728667eff5b5019007da1fe": "", "5728667eff5b5019007da1ff": "$2 million", "5acf9f9877cf76001a6855b6": "", "5acf9f9877cf76001a6855b7": "graduate and undergraduate", "5acf9f9877cf76001a6855b8": "", "5acf9f9877cf76001a6855b9": "", "5acf9f9877cf76001a6855ba": "$2 million", "572867543acd2414000df9a1": "fifteen", "572867543acd2414000df9a2": "Four", "572867543acd2414000df9a3": "Alpha Phi Omega.", "572867543acd2414000df9a4": "Four", "572867543acd2414000df9a5": "ten", "5acfa09277cf76001a6855ca": "seven", "5acfa09277cf76001a6855cb": "seven", "5acfa09277cf76001a6855cc": "", "5acfa09277cf76001a6855cd": "", "5acfa09277cf76001a6855ce": "", "5728683b3acd2414000df9af": "", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b0": "", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b1": "Festival of the Arts", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b2": "Kuviasungnerk/Kangeiko,", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b3": "Kuviasungnerk/Kangeiko,", "5acfa18177cf76001a6855f8": "", "5acfa18177cf76001a6855f9": "Festival of the Arts", "5acfa18177cf76001a6855fa": "", "5acfa18177cf76001a6855fb": "Summer Breeze", "5acfa18177cf76001a6855fc": "", "57286951ff5b5019007da20e": "", "57286951ff5b5019007da20f": "Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella,", "57286951ff5b5019007da210": "", "57286951ff5b5019007da211": "Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella,", "57286951ff5b5019007da212": "Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella,", "5acfa23577cf76001a68562e": "Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella,", "5acfa23577cf76001a68562f": "Jon Corzine,", "5acfa23577cf76001a685630": "", "5acfa23577cf76001a685631": "Adam Silver.", "5acfa23577cf76001a685632": "", "57286ab72ca10214002da31e": "Saul Alinsky,", "57286ab72ca10214002da31f": "Saul Alinsky,", "57286ab72ca10214002da320": "Robert Bork,", "57286ab72ca10214002da321": "Masaaki Shirakawa,", "57286ab72ca10214002da322": "Eliot Ness,", "5acfa29c77cf76001a685666": "", "5acfa29c77cf76001a685667": "", "5acfa29c77cf76001a685668": "Marek Belka,", "5acfa29c77cf76001a685669": "Masaaki Shirakawa,", "5acfa29c77cf76001a68566a": "", "57286bf84b864d19001649d2": "", "57286bf84b864d19001649d3": "", "57286bf84b864d19001649d4": "", "57286bf84b864d19001649d5": "Studs Terkel,", "57286bf84b864d19001649d6": "Kurt Vonnegut", "5acfa31377cf76001a685682": "", "5acfa31377cf76001a685683": "", "5acfa31377cf76001a685684": "Studs Terkel,", "5acfa31377cf76001a685685": "Studs Terkel,", "5acfa31377cf76001a685686": "", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e0": "Philip Glass,", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e1": "Carl Van Vechten,", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e2": "", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e3": "Ed Asner,", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e4": "Mike Nichols,", "5acfa53677cf76001a6856f4": "Katherine Dunham,", "5acfa53677cf76001a6856f5": "Ed Asner,", "5acfa53677cf76001a6856f6": "Carl Van Vechten,", "5acfa53677cf76001a6856f7": "", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d1": "Carl Sagan,", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d2": "John M. Grunsfeld,", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d3": "David Suzuki,", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d4": "John B. Goodenough,", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d5": "Clair Cameron Patterson,", "5acfa71b77cf76001a68572c": "Carl Sagan,", "5acfa71b77cf76001a68572d": "John M. Grunsfeld,", "5acfa71b77cf76001a68572e": "John B. Goodenough,", "5acfa71b77cf76001a68572f": "John B. Goodenough, mathematician and Fields Medal recipient Paul Joseph Cohen, and geochemist Clair Cameron Patterson,", "572870b2ff5b5019007da222": "Milton Friedman,", "572870b2ff5b5019007da223": "Thomas Sowell", "572870b2ff5b5019007da224": "Paul Samuelson,", "572870b2ff5b5019007da225": "Eugene Fama,", "5acfa8a277cf76001a68576c": "", "5acfa8a277cf76001a68576d": "", "5acfa8a277cf76001a68576e": "Gary Becker, an important contributor to the family economics branch of economics, Herbert A. Simon, responsible for the modern interpretation of the concept of organizational decision-making, Paul Samuelson, the first American to win the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, and Eugene Fama,", "5acfa8a277cf76001a68576f": "Thomas Sowell", "5acfa8a277cf76001a685770": "", "572871bc4b864d1900164a04": "David Graeber and Donald Johanson,", "572871bc4b864d1900164a05": "Samuel Reshevsky,", "572871bc4b864d1900164a06": "House Coordinator", "5acfa93777cf76001a685780": "", "5acfa93777cf76001a685781": "a female hominid australopithecine known as \"Lucy\"", "5acfa93777cf76001a685782": "", "5acfa93777cf76001a685783": "", "5acfa93777cf76001a685784": "", "572872dd2ca10214002da37e": "A. A. Michelson,", "572872dd2ca10214002da37f": "H. Compton,", "572872dd2ca10214002da380": "Enrico Fermi,", "572872dd2ca10214002da381": "Edward Teller,", "572872dd2ca10214002da382": "Maria Goeppert-Mayer,", "5acfa9b877cf76001a6857a8": "A. A. Michelson,", "5acfa9b877cf76001a6857a9": "H. Compton,", "5acfa9b877cf76001a6857aa": "Robert A. Millikan,", "5acfa9b877cf76001a6857ab": "Edward Teller,", "5acfa9b877cf76001a6857ac": "Maria Goeppert-Mayer,", "5728742cff5b5019007da246": "", "5728742cff5b5019007da247": "Alberto Calder\u00f3n,", "5728742cff5b5019007da248": "Ted Fujita,", "5728742cff5b5019007da249": "Glenn T. Seaborg,", "5728742cff5b5019007da24a": "Charles Brenton Huggins and Janet Rowley,", "5acfab5077cf76001a6857d0": "", "5acfab5077cf76001a6857d1": "James O. McKinsey.", "5acfab5077cf76001a6857d2": "", "5acfab5077cf76001a6857d3": "", "5acfab5077cf76001a6857d4": "Allan Bloom,", "5728759cff5b5019007da25a": "", "5728759cff5b5019007da25b": "Raghuram Rajan,", "5728759cff5b5019007da25c": "David Bevington,", "5728759cff5b5019007da25d": "John Mearsheimer and Robert Pape.", "5728759cff5b5019007da25e": "Neil Shubin and Paul Sereno,", "5acfac7177cf76001a6857f8": "", "5acfac7177cf76001a6857f9": "Austan Goolsbee,", "5acfac7177cf76001a6857fa": "Raghuram Rajan,", "5acfac7177cf76001a6857fb": "Marshall Sahlins,", "5acfac7177cf76001a6857fc": "", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b6": "Great Yuan", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b7": "Great Yuan", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b8": "Kublai Khan,", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b9": "Kublai Khan,", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1ba": "1271", "5ad3ffb3604f3c001a3ffc93": "Great Yuan", "5ad3ffb3604f3c001a3ffc94": "Great Yuan", "5ad3ffb3604f3c001a3ffc95": "1368", "5ad3ffb3604f3c001a3ffc96": "", "5ad3ffb3604f3c001a3ffc97": "", "572860e03acd2414000df977": "", "572860e03acd2414000df978": "Ming", "572860e03acd2414000df979": "Ming dynasty.", "572860e03acd2414000df97a": "Genghis Khan", "5ad3ffef604f3c001a3ffcaf": "", "5ad3ffef604f3c001a3ffcb0": "", "5ad3ffef604f3c001a3ffcb1": "", "5ad3ffef604f3c001a3ffcb2": "Genghis Khan", "57286192ff5b5019007da1dc": "1271", "57286192ff5b5019007da1dd": "Kublai Khan", "57286192ff5b5019007da1de": "Dai \u00d6n Ulus,", "57286192ff5b5019007da1df": "\"Great Yuan Great Mongol State\".", "57286192ff5b5019007da1e0": "Great Khan.", "5ad4003b604f3c001a3ffcb7": "", "5ad4003b604f3c001a3ffcb8": "", "5ad4003b604f3c001a3ffcb9": "Dai \u00d6n Ulus,", "5ad4003b604f3c001a3ffcba": "", "5ad4003b604f3c001a3ffcbb": "", "572863c72ca10214002da2d4": "Mongol and Turkic", "572863c72ca10214002da2d5": "1206", "572863c72ca10214002da2d6": "\u00d6gedei Khan,", "572863c72ca10214002da2d7": "1206", "572863c72ca10214002da2d8": "third son", "5ad400f0604f3c001a3ffcef": "Mongol and Turkic", "5ad400f0604f3c001a3ffcf0": "1234", "5ad400f0604f3c001a3ffcf1": "\u00d6gedei Khan,", "5ad400f0604f3c001a3ffcf2": "1234", "5ad400f0604f3c001a3ffcf3": "", "572864dd4b864d1900164976": "Jin.", "572864dd4b864d1900164977": "Han Chinese and Khitan", "572864dd4b864d1900164978": "Shi Tianze,", "572864dd4b864d1900164979": "10,000", "572864dd4b864d190016497a": "4 Han Tumens and 3", "5ad40158604f3c001a3ffd0b": "Jin.", "5ad40158604f3c001a3ffd0c": "", "5ad40158604f3c001a3ffd0d": "", "5ad40158604f3c001a3ffd0e": "10,000", "5ad40158604f3c001a3ffd0f": "", "5728661e2ca10214002da2e8": "Han Chinese", "5728661e2ca10214002da2e9": "Jin dynasty.", "5728661e2ca10214002da2ea": "Interethnic marriage", "5728661e2ca10214002da2eb": "Shi Bingzhi", "5728661e2ca10214002da2ec": "Song", "5ad401de604f3c001a3ffd2d": "Han Chinese", "5ad401de604f3c001a3ffd2e": "", "5ad401de604f3c001a3ffd2f": "", "5ad401de604f3c001a3ffd30": "Shi Bingzhi", "5ad401de604f3c001a3ffd31": "", "572867212ca10214002da2f2": "M\u00f6ngke Khan", "572867212ca10214002da2f3": "southern China.", "572867212ca10214002da2f4": "1259", "572867212ca10214002da2f5": "Ariq B\u00f6ke,", "572867212ca10214002da2f6": "Zhongtong.", "5ad40219604f3c001a3ffd45": "M\u00f6ngke Khan", "5ad40219604f3c001a3ffd46": "cooperation of his Chinese subjects to ensure that his army received ample resources.", "5ad40219604f3c001a3ffd47": "", "5ad40219604f3c001a3ffd48": "Kublai convened a kurultai", "5ad40219604f3c001a3ffd49": "", "572867d72ca10214002da2fc": "Ogedei's", "572867d72ca10214002da2fd": "Instability troubled the early years of Kublai Khan's reign.", "572867d72ca10214002da2fe": "the hostage prince Wonjong", "572867d72ca10214002da2ff": "1259", "572867d72ca10214002da300": "1262", "5ad402ae604f3c001a3ffd5d": "Kaidu", "5ad402ae604f3c001a3ffd5e": "The hostile but weakened Song dynasty remained an obstacle in the south.", "5ad402ae604f3c001a3ffd5f": "Wonjong", "5ad402ae604f3c001a3ffd60": "1259", "5ad402ae604f3c001a3ffd61": "1262", "572869b84b864d19001649ae": "preserving Mongol interests in China and satisfying the demands of his Chinese subjects.", "572869b84b864d19001649af": "salt and iron", "572869b84b864d19001649b0": "Imperial Secretariat", "572869b84b864d19001649b1": "three", "572869b84b864d19001649b2": "Han Chinese", "5ad402f1604f3c001a3ffd69": "", "5ad402f1604f3c001a3ffd6a": "salt and iron", "5ad402f1604f3c001a3ffd6b": "Imperial Secretariat and left the local administrative structure of past Chinese dynasties", "5ad402f1604f3c001a3ffd6c": "three, later four", "5ad402f1604f3c001a3ffd6d": "Han Chinese", "57286b003acd2414000df9c1": "Karakorum in Mongolia to Khanbaliq in 1264, constructing a new city near the former Jurchen capital Zhongdu,", "57286b003acd2414000df9c2": "Khanbaliq", "57286b003acd2414000df9c3": "Khanbaliq", "57286b003acd2414000df9c4": "Zhongdu,", "57286b003acd2414000df9c5": "Confucian propriety and ancestor veneration,", "5ad40346604f3c001a3ffd73": "", "5ad40346604f3c001a3ffd74": "", "5ad40346604f3c001a3ffd75": "", "5ad40346604f3c001a3ffd76": "Zhongdu,", "5ad40346604f3c001a3ffd77": "", "57286bb84b864d19001649c8": "commercial, scientific, and cultural", "57286bb84b864d19001649c9": "Mongol peace,", "57286bb84b864d19001649ca": "southern China", "57286bb84b864d19001649cb": "Daidu in the north.", "57286bb84b864d19001649cc": "Marco Polo,", "5ad40397604f3c001a3ffd83": "", "5ad40397604f3c001a3ffd84": "Mongol peace,", "5ad40397604f3c001a3ffd85": "", "5ad40397604f3c001a3ffd86": "Daidu in the north.", "5ad40397604f3c001a3ffd87": "Marco Polo,", "57286c8cff5b5019007da218": "Song Emperor", "57286c8cff5b5019007da219": "", "57286c8cff5b5019007da21a": "", "57286c8cff5b5019007da21b": "Kong Duancao", "57286c8cff5b5019007da21c": "30,000", "5ad403df604f3c001a3ffd9b": "", "5ad403df604f3c001a3ffd9c": "", "5ad403df604f3c001a3ffd9d": "", "5ad403df604f3c001a3ffd9e": "", "57286d4f2ca10214002da328": "northern China,", "57286d4f2ca10214002da329": "1268 and 1273", "57286d4f2ca10214002da32a": "Yangzi River basin.", "57286d4f2ca10214002da32b": "Hangzhou", "57286d4f2ca10214002da32c": "drowned", "5ad40432604f3c001a3ffdbb": "northern China,", "5ad40432604f3c001a3ffdbc": "between 1268 and 1273, the last obstacle in his way to capture the rich Yangzi River basin. An unsuccessful naval expedition was undertaken against Japan in 1274. Kublai captured the Song capital of Hangzhou in 1276,", "5ad40432604f3c001a3ffdbd": "Yangzi River basin.", "5ad40432604f3c001a3ffdbe": "Hangzhou", "5ad40432604f3c001a3ffdbf": "drowned", "57286dfa2ca10214002da332": "1279", "57286dfa2ca10214002da333": "an inauspicious typhoon", "57286dfa2ca10214002da334": "Annam", "57286dfa2ca10214002da335": "Battle of B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng", "57286dfa2ca10214002da336": "Battle of B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng", "5ad40480604f3c001a3ffdcf": "1279", "5ad40480604f3c001a3ffdd0": "an inauspicious typhoon", "5ad40480604f3c001a3ffdd1": "Annam", "5ad40480604f3c001a3ffdd2": "Battle of B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng", "57286ead2ca10214002da346": "1253", "57286ead2ca10214002da347": "Tem\u00fcr Khan,", "57286ead2ca10214002da348": "1285", "57286ead2ca10214002da349": "Emperor Chengzong,", "57286ead2ca10214002da34a": "1294 to 1307", "5ad404d4604f3c001a3ffde7": "", "5ad404d4604f3c001a3ffde8": "Tem\u00fcr Khan,", "5ad404d4604f3c001a3ffde9": "Zhenjin,", "5ad404d4604f3c001a3ffdea": "Emperor Chengzong,", "5ad404d4604f3c001a3ffdeb": "1285", "57286f373acd2414000df9db": "Buyantu Khan", "57286f373acd2414000df9dc": "", "57286f373acd2414000df9dd": "Li Meng,", "57286f373acd2414000df9de": "Department of State Affairs", "57286f373acd2414000df9df": "1313", "5ad40515604f3c001a3ffe05": "Buyantu Khan", "5ad40515604f3c001a3ffe06": "actively support and adopt mainstream Chinese culture", "5ad40515604f3c001a3ffe07": "", "5ad40515604f3c001a3ffe08": "Department of State Affairs", "5ad40515604f3c001a3ffe09": "1313", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e5": "Emperor Gegeen Khan,", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e6": "1321 to 1323", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e7": "Baiju.", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e8": "\"the comprehensive institutions of the Great Yuan\"),", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e9": "five", "5ad40582604f3c001a3ffe19": "Emperor Gegeen Khan,", "5ad40582604f3c001a3ffe1a": "", "5ad40582604f3c001a3ffe1b": "Baiju.", "5ad40582604f3c001a3ffe1c": "\"the comprehensive institutions of the Great Yuan\"),", "5ad40582604f3c001a3ffe1d": "five", "5728705c2ca10214002da35a": "1328", "5728705c2ca10214002da35b": "War of the Two Capitals.", "5728705c2ca10214002da35c": "four days", "5728705c2ca10214002da35d": "El Tem\u00fcr,", "5728705c2ca10214002da35e": "Tugh Tem\u00fcr", "5ad405f0604f3c001a3ffe2d": "Shangdu in 1328,", "5ad405f0604f3c001a3ffe2e": "", "5ad405f0604f3c001a3ffe2f": "", "5ad405f0604f3c001a3ffe30": "Dawlat Shah.", "5ad405f0604f3c001a3ffe31": "Tugh Tem\u00fcr", "5728710c3acd2414000df9ef": "his cultural contribution", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f0": "Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of Literature", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f1": "1329", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f2": "Jingshi Dadian", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f3": "", "5ad40639604f3c001a3ffe4b": "", "5ad40639604f3c001a3ffe4c": "", "5ad40639604f3c001a3ffe4d": "", "5ad40639604f3c001a3ffe4e": "", "5ad40639604f3c001a3ffe4f": "", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa03": "1332", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa04": "(Emperor Huizong),", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa05": "13", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa06": "nine", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa07": "Liao, Jin, and Song dynasties,", "5ad4066a604f3c001a3ffe5f": "", "5ad4066a604f3c001a3ffe60": "", "5ad4066a604f3c001a3ffe61": "13", "5ad4066a604f3c001a3ffe62": "nine", "5ad4066a604f3c001a3ffe63": "Liao, Jin, and Song dynasties,", "572872822ca10214002da374": "struggle, famine, and bitterness among the populace", "572872822ca10214002da375": "the Mongols beyond the Middle Kingdom saw them as too Chinese.", "572872822ca10214002da376": "army and the populace", "572872822ca10214002da377": "", "572872822ca10214002da378": "army and the populace", "5ad406b6604f3c001a3ffe73": "struggle, famine, and bitterness among the populace", "5ad406b6604f3c001a3ffe74": "", "5ad406b6604f3c001a3ffe75": "army and the populace", "5ad406b6604f3c001a3ffe76": "", "5ad406b6604f3c001a3ffe77": "", "57287338ff5b5019007da232": "droughts, floods and the resulting famines", "57287338ff5b5019007da233": "Red Turban Rebellion", "57287338ff5b5019007da234": "1354, when Toghtogha led a large army to crush the Red Turban rebels, Toghun Tem\u00fcr suddenly dismissed him for fear of betrayal.", "57287338ff5b5019007da235": "Red Turban rebels,", "57287338ff5b5019007da236": "1368\u20131644", "5ad406e9604f3c001a3ffe7d": "droughts, floods and the resulting famines", "5ad406e9604f3c001a3ffe7e": "Red Turban Rebellion", "5ad406e9604f3c001a3ffe7f": "", "5ad406e9604f3c001a3ffe80": "Khanbaliq,", "5ad406e9604f3c001a3ffe81": "1644", "572878942ca10214002da3a2": "", "572878942ca10214002da3a3": "West Asian and European contacts", "572878942ca10214002da3a4": "the Ilkhanate,", "572878942ca10214002da3a5": "Eastern crops such as carrots, turnips, new varieties of lemons, eggplants, and melons, high-quality granulated sugar, and cotton", "5ad40726604f3c001a3ffe8f": "", "5ad40726604f3c001a3ffe90": "", "5ad40726604f3c001a3ffe91": "the Ilkhanate,", "572879574b864d1900164a14": "Western", "572879574b864d1900164a15": "Buddhism", "572879574b864d1900164a16": "Buddhism", "572879574b864d1900164a17": "examinations", "572879574b864d1900164a18": "travel literature, cartography, geography, and scientific education", "5ad40762604f3c001a3ffe95": "", "5ad40762604f3c001a3ffe96": "Buddhism", "5ad40762604f3c001a3ffe97": "Buddhism", "5ad40762604f3c001a3ffe98": "examinations", "5ad40762604f3c001a3ffe99": "", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a28": "Venetian Marco Polo,", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a29": "\"Cambaluc,\"", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2a": "Il milione", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2b": "Il milione", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2c": "the lack of mentioning the Great Wall of China, tea houses, which would have been a prominent sight since Europeans had yet to adopt a tea culture, as well the practice of foot binding by the women in capital of the Great Khan. Some suggest that Marco Polo acquired much of his knowledge through contact with Persian traders", "5ad40796604f3c001a3ffea9": "", "5ad40796604f3c001a3ffeaa": "", "5ad40796604f3c001a3ffeab": "Il milione", "5ad40796604f3c001a3ffeac": "Il milione", "57287c142ca10214002da3d0": "Guo Shoujing,", "57287c142ca10214002da3d1": "365.2425 days", "57287c142ca10214002da3d2": "granaries were ordered built throughout the empire", "57287c142ca10214002da3d3": "Beijing", "57287c142ca10214002da3d4": "sorghum", "5ad407de604f3c001a3ffebb": "", "5ad407de604f3c001a3ffebc": "365.2425 days", "5ad407de604f3c001a3ffebd": "granaries were ordered built throughout the empire", "5ad407de604f3c001a3ffebe": "", "5ad407de604f3c001a3ffebf": "sorghum", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3da": "non-native Chinese people", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3db": "Eternal Heaven,", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dc": "Song dynasty and the Ming dynasty.", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dd": "Yuan dynasty is usually considered to be the legitimate dynasty between the Song dynasty and the Ming dynasty.", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3de": "a period of foreign domination", "5ad4081b604f3c001a3ffed9": "non-native Chinese people", "5ad4081b604f3c001a3ffeda": "", "5ad4081b604f3c001a3ffedb": "", "5ad4081b604f3c001a3ffedc": "", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e4": "Han Chinese, Khitans, Jurchens, Mongols, and Tibetan Buddhists.", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e5": "Tang, Song, as well as Khitan Liao and Jurchen Jin dynasties.", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e6": "Liu Bingzhong and Yao Shu", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e7": "Chinese tripartite", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e8": "civil, military, and censorial offices", "5ad408aa604f3c001a3ffeff": "", "5ad408aa604f3c001a3fff00": "Tang, Song, as well as Khitan Liao and Jurchen Jin dynasties.", "5ad408aa604f3c001a3fff01": "Liu Bingzhong and Yao Shu", "5ad408aa604f3c001a3fff02": "", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa3f": "Privy Council.", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa40": "since the Sui and Tang dynasties)", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa41": "", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa42": "", "5ad408ed604f3c001a3fff0f": "Privy Council.", "5ad408ed604f3c001a3fff10": "since the Sui and Tang dynasties)", "5ad408ed604f3c001a3fff11": "", "5ad408ed604f3c001a3fff12": "", "57287e512ca10214002da3f8": "1269", "57287e512ca10214002da3f9": "Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese", "57287e512ca10214002da3fa": "converse", "57287e512ca10214002da3fb": "Tugh Temur,", "57287e512ca10214002da3fc": "(Emperor Wenzong),", "5ad40955604f3c001a3fff2b": "", "5ad40955604f3c001a3fff2c": "", "5ad40955604f3c001a3fff2d": "", "5ad40955604f3c001a3fff2e": "Tugh Temur,", "5ad40955604f3c001a3fff2f": "(Emperor Wenzong),", "57287ee3ff5b5019007da274": "1290", "57287ee3ff5b5019007da275": "1291", "57287ee3ff5b5019007da276": "equipping and dispatching men for their tours of duty", "5ad40995604f3c001a3fff45": "", "5ad40995604f3c001a3fff46": "", "5ad40995604f3c001a3fff47": "", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa51": "", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa52": "painting, poetry, and calligraphy", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa53": "Tang dynasty and Song dynasty,", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa54": "qu", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa55": "zaju", "5ad409d6604f3c001a3fff5f": "", "5ad409d6604f3c001a3fff60": "painting, poetry, and calligraphy", "5ad409d6604f3c001a3fff61": "", "5ad409d6604f3c001a3fff62": "", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3c": "", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3d": "Buddhism,", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3e": "Tibetan Buddhism", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3f": "Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs", "57287fec4b864d1900164a40": "Sakya", "5ad40a0e604f3c001a3fff79": "Yuan dynasty", "5ad40a0e604f3c001a3fff7a": "Islam.", "5ad40a0e604f3c001a3fff7b": "Tibetan Buddhism", "5ad40a0e604f3c001a3fff7d": "", "5728804b4b864d1900164a46": "1249", "5728804b4b864d1900164a47": "1314", "5728804b4b864d1900164a48": "matrices", "5728804b4b864d1900164a49": "polynomial algebra", "5728804b4b864d1900164a4a": "1303", "5ad40a41604f3c001a3fff8b": "Zhu Shijie", "5ad40a41604f3c001a3fff8c": "1249\u20131314", "5ad40a41604f3c001a3fff8d": "matrices", "5ad40a41604f3c001a3fff8e": "", "5ad40a41604f3c001a3fff8f": "1303", "5728809f2ca10214002da40c": "applied mathematics", "5728809f2ca10214002da40d": "mathematics", "5728809f2ca10214002da40e": "Shoushi Li", "5728809f2ca10214002da40f": "Shoushi Li", "5728809f2ca10214002da410": "1281", "5ad40a72604f3c001a3fffa9": "", "5ad40a72604f3c001a3fffaa": "mathematics", "5ad40a72604f3c001a3fffab": "Shoushi Li", "5ad40a72604f3c001a3fffac": "Shoushi Li", "5ad40a72604f3c001a3fffad": "", "572881022ca10214002da416": "non-Mongol physicians called otachi and traditional Mongol shamans.", "572881022ca10214002da417": "herbal", "572881022ca10214002da418": "herbal", "572881022ca10214002da419": "Imperial Academy of Medicine", "572881022ca10214002da41a": "it ensured a high income and medical ethics were compatible with Confucian virtues.", "5ad40ac5604f3c001a3fffc7": "traditional Mongol shamans.", "5ad40ac5604f3c001a3fffc8": "", "5ad40ac5604f3c001a3fffc9": "", "5ad40ac5604f3c001a3fffca": "", "5ad40ac5604f3c001a3fffcb": "", "572881704b864d1900164a50": "four", "572881704b864d1900164a51": "the Jin dynasty.", "572881704b864d1900164a52": "the Mongols,", "572881704b864d1900164a53": "acupuncture, moxibustion, pulse diagnosis, and various herbal drugs and elixirs", "572881704b864d1900164a54": "1347", "5ad40af0604f3c001a3fffdf": "four", "5ad40af0604f3c001a3fffe0": "", "5ad40af0604f3c001a3fffe1": "", "5ad40af0604f3c001a3fffe2": "", "572881d34b864d1900164a5a": "Muslim medicine.", "572881d34b864d1900164a5b": "Jesus the Interpreter", "572881d34b864d1900164a5c": "1263", "572881d34b864d1900164a5d": "humoral system", "572881d34b864d1900164a5e": "yin-yang and wuxing", "5ad40b55604f3c001a3ffffb": "Nestorian Christians of the Yuan court,", "5ad40b55604f3c001a3ffffc": "", "5ad40b55604f3c001a3ffffd": "1263", "5ad40b55604f3c001a3ffffe": "huihui", "5ad40b55604f3c001a3fffff": "yin-yang and wuxing", "572882242ca10214002da420": "Kingdom of Qocho and Tibetan intermediaries.", "572882242ca10214002da421": "Wang Zhen's", "572882242ca10214002da422": "12th century", "572882242ca10214002da423": "T\u00f6regene Khatun,", "572882242ca10214002da424": "1273", "5ad40b87604f3c001a400005": "Kingdom of Qocho and Tibetan intermediaries.", "5ad40b87604f3c001a400006": "", "5ad40b87604f3c001a400007": "", "5ad40b87604f3c001a400008": "T\u00f6regene Khatun,", "5ad40b87604f3c001a400009": "", "5728827b2ca10214002da42a": "chao", "5728827b2ca10214002da42b": "bark of mulberry trees", "5728827b2ca10214002da42c": "1275", "5728827b2ca10214002da42d": "woodblocks", "5728827b2ca10214002da42e": "1294", "5ad40bd9604f3c001a400035": "chao", "5ad40bd9604f3c001a400036": "bark of mulberry trees", "5ad40bd9604f3c001a400037": "", "5ad40bd9604f3c001a400038": "woodblocks", "5ad40bd9604f3c001a400039": "", "572883153acd2414000dfa6f": "Chinese", "572883153acd2414000dfa70": "Chinese", "572883153acd2414000dfa71": "(various allied groups from Central Asia and the western end of the empire)", "572883153acd2414000dfa72": "fear of transferring power to the ethnic Chinese under their rule.", "572883153acd2414000dfa73": "", "5ad40c2d604f3c001a400049": "Chinese autocratic-bureaucratic system.", "5ad40c2d604f3c001a40004a": "Chinese autocratic-bureaucratic system.", "5ad40c2d604f3c001a40004b": "(various allied groups from Central Asia and the western end of the empire)", "5ad40c2d604f3c001a40004c": "colonial\" coloration", "572883a33acd2414000dfa79": "Central Asian Muslims", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7a": "Han Chinese and Khitans", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7b": "", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7c": "artisans and farmers", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7d": "Mongol", "5ad40c62604f3c001a400065": "Central Asian Muslims", "5ad40c62604f3c001a400066": "", "5ad40c62604f3c001a400067": "", "5ad40c62604f3c001a400068": "artisans and farmers", "57288428ff5b5019007da28e": "", "57288428ff5b5019007da28f": "circumcision", "57288428ff5b5019007da290": "Zhu Yuanzhang", "57288428ff5b5019007da291": "thanks", "57288428ff5b5019007da292": "The Muslims in the semu class", "5ad40cac604f3c001a400087": "", "5ad40cac604f3c001a400088": "circumcision", "5ad40cac604f3c001a400089": "Zhu Yuanzhang", "5ad40cac604f3c001a40008a": "thanks", "5ad40cac604f3c001a40008b": "", "5728848cff5b5019007da298": "Frederick W. Mote", "5728848cff5b5019007da299": "their actual social power and wealth", "5728848cff5b5019007da29a": "less rich", "5728848cff5b5019007da29b": "less rich", "5ad40cdb604f3c001a400091": "Frederick W. Mote", "5ad40cdb604f3c001a400092": "their actual social power and wealth", "5ad40cdb604f3c001a400093": "less rich", "5ad40cdb604f3c001a400094": "less rich", "572885023acd2414000dfa83": "Northern Chinese were ranked higher and Southern Chinese", "572885023acd2414000dfa84": "Southern Chinese", "572885023acd2414000dfa85": "because southern China withstood and fought to the last before caving in.", "572885023acd2414000dfa86": "because southern China withstood and fought to the last before caving in.", "572885023acd2414000dfa87": "private southern Chinese manufacturers and merchants.", "5ad40d28604f3c001a4000b5": "Northern Chinese were ranked higher and Southern Chinese", "5ad40d28604f3c001a4000b6": "Southern Chinese", "5ad40d28604f3c001a4000b7": "because southern China withstood and fought to the last before caving in.", "5ad40d28604f3c001a4000b8": "because southern China withstood and fought to the last before caving in.", "5ad40d28604f3c001a4000b9": "", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8d": "at the court", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8e": "Karluk Kara-Khanid ruler,", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8f": "", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa90": "", "5ad40d50604f3c001a4000c9": "", "5ad40d50604f3c001a4000ca": "Karluk Kara-Khanid ruler,", "5ad40d50604f3c001a4000cb": "", "5ad40d50604f3c001a4000cc": "because the Uighurs surrendered to the Mongols first,", "572885c44b864d1900164a78": "", "572885c44b864d1900164a79": "Central Secretariat", "572885c44b864d1900164a7a": "Khanbaliq", "572885c44b864d1900164a7b": "Beijing);", "572885c44b864d1900164a7c": "", "5ad40d89604f3c001a4000d1": "", "5ad40d89604f3c001a4000d2": "", "5ad40d89604f3c001a4000d3": "", "5ad40d89604f3c001a4000d4": "", "5ad40d89604f3c001a4000d5": "", "5728eff82ca10214002daadc": "disease", "5728eff82ca10214002daadd": "pathogens", "5728eff82ca10214002daade": "neuroimmune system", "5728eff82ca10214002daadf": "blood\u2013brain barrier, blood\u2013cerebrospinal fluid barrier, and similar fluid\u2013brain barriers", "572a14af3f37b319004786c1": "pathogens", "572a14af3f37b319004786c2": "humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity", "572a14af3f37b319004786c3": "innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system", "572a14af3f37b319004786c4": "pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.", "5ad49c34ba00c4001a268d9a": "The immune system", "5ad49c34ba00c4001a268d9b": "", "5ad49c34ba00c4001a268d9c": "", "5ad49c34ba00c4001a268d9d": "pathogens", "5ad49c34ba00c4001a268d9e": "blood\u2013brain barrier, blood\u2013cerebrospinal fluid barrier, and similar fluid\u2013brain barriers", "5728f2e26aef051400154896": "Immunodeficiency", "5728f2e26aef051400154897": "autoimmunity", "5728f2e26aef051400154898": "Immunology", "5728f2e26aef051400154899": "HIV/AIDS,", "5ad49faaba00c4001a268e24": "", "5ad49faaba00c4001a268e25": "", "5ad49faaba00c4001a268e26": "", "5ad49faaba00c4001a268e27": "", "5ad49faaba00c4001a268e28": "", "5728f3724b864d1900165116": "Robert Koch's", "5728f3724b864d1900165117": "microorganisms", "5728f3724b864d1900165118": "yellow fever virus", "5728f3724b864d1900165119": "430 BC.", "5ad4a049ba00c4001a268e42": "", "5ad4a049ba00c4001a268e43": "the plague of Athens in 430 BC.", "5ad4a049ba00c4001a268e44": "Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis", "5ad4a049ba00c4001a268e45": "contemporary", "5ad4a049ba00c4001a268e46": "1901", "5728f6446aef0514001548e4": "Innate", "5728f6446aef0514001548e5": "adaptive immune system", "5728f6446aef0514001548e6": "immunological memory", "5728f6446aef0514001548e7": "adaptive immune system", "5ad4a110ba00c4001a268e60": "The immune system", "5ad4a110ba00c4001a268e61": "", "5ad4a110ba00c4001a268e62": "adaptive immune system", "5ad4a110ba00c4001a268e63": "", "5ad4a110ba00c4001a268e64": "", "5728f7774b864d190016512e": "self and non-self", "5728f7774b864d190016512f": "self molecules", "5728f7774b864d1900165130": "non-self molecules", "5728f7774b864d1900165131": "antigens", "5728f7774b864d1900165132": "specific immune receptors", "5ad4a682ba00c4001a268eca": "", "5ad4a682ba00c4001a268ecb": "antigens", "5ad4a682ba00c4001a268ecc": "", "5ad4a682ba00c4001a268ecd": "immune receptors", "5ad4a682ba00c4001a268ece": "", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5a": "pattern recognition receptors", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5b": "The innate immune system", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5c": "microorganisms", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5d": "non-specific, meaning these systems respond to pathogens", "5ad4a75aba00c4001a268ee8": "", "5ad4a75aba00c4001a268ee9": "", "5ad4a75aba00c4001a268eea": "", "5ad4a75aba00c4001a268eeb": "", "5ad4a75aba00c4001a268eec": "", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6a": "waxy cuticle of many leaves, the exoskeleton", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6b": "waxy cuticle", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6c": "coughing and sneezing", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6d": "mucus", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6e": "", "5ad4abe25b96ef001a109d64": "", "5ad4abe25b96ef001a109d65": "", "5ad4abe25b96ef001a109d66": "", "5ad4abe25b96ef001a109d67": "", "5ad4abe25b96ef001a109d68": "", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec7": "\u03b2-defensins", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec8": "lysozyme and phospholipase A2", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec9": "defensins and zinc", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9eca": "gastric acid and proteases", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ecb": "menarche", "5ad4acbd5b96ef001a109d78": "antimicrobial peptides such as the \u03b2-defensins", "5ad4acbd5b96ef001a109d79": "", "5ad4acbd5b96ef001a109d7a": "", "5ad4acbd5b96ef001a109d7b": "menarche", "5ad4acbd5b96ef001a109d7c": "", "5728fd206aef05140015494c": "commensal flora", "5728fd206aef05140015494d": "fungi", "5728fd206aef05140015494e": "lactobacilli", "5728fd206aef05140015494f": "pH or available iron.", "5ad4b0f25b96ef001a109dbc": "genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts", "5ad4b0f25b96ef001a109dbd": "", "5ad4b0f25b96ef001a109dbe": "oral antibiotics", "5ad4b0f25b96ef001a109dbf": "", "5ad4b0f25b96ef001a109dc0": "vaginal candidiasis", "572900f73f37b31900477f69": "Inflammation", "572900f73f37b31900477f6a": "increased blood flow into tissue", "572900f73f37b31900477f6b": "eicosanoids and cytokines", "572900f73f37b31900477f6c": "prostaglandins", "572900f73f37b31900477f6d": "interleukins", "5ad4b1895b96ef001a109dc6": "", "5ad4b1895b96ef001a109dc7": "", "5ad4b1895b96ef001a109dc8": "", "5ad4b1895b96ef001a109dc9": "", "5ad4b1895b96ef001a109dca": "", "572905ce1d04691400778f83": "phagocytes", "572905ce1d04691400778f84": "cytokines", "572905ce1d04691400778f85": "a phagosome", "572905ce1d04691400778f86": "phagolysosome", "572905ce1d04691400778f87": "acquiring nutrients", "5ad4ca235b96ef001a10a0b6": "Phagocytes", "5ad4ca235b96ef001a10a0b7": "cytokines", "5ad4ca235b96ef001a10a0b8": "intracellular vesicle", "5ad4ca235b96ef001a10a0b9": "by the activity of digestive enzymes", "5ad4ca235b96ef001a10a0ba": "defense mechanism", "5729081d3f37b31900477fab": "Neutrophils and macrophages", "5729081d3f37b31900477fac": "Neutrophils", "5729081d3f37b31900477fad": "50% to 60%", "5729081d3f37b31900477fae": "chemotaxis", "5729081d3f37b31900477faf": "interleukin 1", "5ad4cb055b96ef001a10a0de": "Neutrophils and macrophages", "5ad4cb055b96ef001a10a0df": "", "5ad4cb055b96ef001a10a0e0": "", "5ad4cb055b96ef001a10a0e1": "", "5ad4cb055b96ef001a10a0e2": "", "572908c13f37b31900477fbd": "Leukocytes", "572908c13f37b31900477fbe": "Leukocytes", "572908c13f37b31900477fbf": "adaptive immune system", "572908c13f37b31900477fc0": "macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells", "5ad4c94f5b96ef001a10a098": "", "5ad4c94f5b96ef001a10a099": "innate immune system", "5ad4c94f5b96ef001a10a09a": "", "5ad4c94f5b96ef001a10a09b": "These cells", "5ad4c94f5b96ef001a10a09c": "", "5729efab3f37b319004785cf": "Dendritic cells", "5729efab3f37b319004785d0": "neuronal dendrites", "5729efab3f37b319004785d1": "T cells,", "5729efab3f37b319004785d2": "T cells,", "5ad4cd245b96ef001a10a110": "Dendritic cells", "5ad4cd245b96ef001a10a111": "", "5ad4cd245b96ef001a10a112": "They", "5ad4cd245b96ef001a10a113": "", "5ad4cd245b96ef001a10a114": "", "5729f06f1d04691400779673": "Natural killer cells, or NK cells,", "5729f06f1d04691400779674": "missing self", "5729f06f1d04691400779675": "", "5729f06f1d04691400779676": "killer cell immunoglobulin receptors", "5ad4cf8e5b96ef001a10a148": "", "5ad4cf8e5b96ef001a10a149": "", "5ad4cf8e5b96ef001a10a14a": "", "5ad4cf8e5b96ef001a10a14b": "", "5ad4cf8e5b96ef001a10a14c": "killer cell immunoglobulin receptors", "5729f12e3f37b319004785e1": "vertebrates", "5729f12e3f37b319004785e2": "antigen presentation", "5729f12e3f37b319004785e3": "pathogens or pathogen-infected cells", "5ad4d0385b96ef001a10a178": "", "5ad4d0385b96ef001a10a179": "", "5ad4d0385b96ef001a10a17a": "", "5ad4d0385b96ef001a10a17b": "", "5ad4d0385b96ef001a10a17c": "\"memory cells\". Should a pathogen infect the body more than once, these specific memory cells", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d3": "the killer T cell and the helper T cell.", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d4": "regulatory T cells", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d5": "Class I MHC molecules,", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d6": "Class I MHC molecules,", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d7": "\u03b3\u03b4 T cells", "5ad4d10e5b96ef001a10a1a0": "", "5ad4d10e5b96ef001a10a1a1": "a pathogen", "5ad4d10e5b96ef001a10a1a2": "two", "5ad4d10e5b96ef001a10a1a3": "", "5ad4d10e5b96ef001a10a1a4": "", "5729f39a6aef05140015514c": "Killer T cells", "5729f39a6aef05140015514d": "MHC Class I", "5729f39a6aef05140015514e": "CD8.", "5729f39a6aef05140015514f": "perforin", "5729f39a6aef051400155150": "granulysin", "5ad4d2105b96ef001a10a1c6": "", "5ad4d2105b96ef001a10a1c7": "cells that are infected with viruses (and other pathogens", "5ad4d2105b96ef001a10a1c8": "", "5ad4d2105b96ef001a10a1c9": "CD8.", "5ad4d2105b96ef001a10a1ca": "perforin", "5729f4b41d0469140077968b": "CD4", "5729f4b41d0469140077968c": "200\u2013300", "5729f4b41d0469140077968d": "200\u2013300", "5729f4b41d0469140077968e": "cytokines", "5729f4b41d0469140077968f": "CD40", "5ad4d2d65b96ef001a10a1f8": "", "5ad4d2d65b96ef001a10a1f9": "Helper T cells", "5ad4d2d65b96ef001a10a1fa": "", "5ad4d2d65b96ef001a10a1fb": "cytokines", "5ad4d2d65b96ef001a10a1fc": "", "5729f5a03f37b31900478605": "helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and NK cells.", "5729f5a03f37b31900478606": "T cell receptor", "5729f5a03f37b31900478607": "\u03b3\u03b4 T cells", "5729f5a03f37b31900478608": "receptor diversity", "5729f5a03f37b31900478609": "large numbers", "5ad4d4795b96ef001a10a232": "", "5ad4d4795b96ef001a10a233": "", "5ad4d4795b96ef001a10a234": "", "5ad4d4795b96ef001a10a235": "", "5729f69caf94a219006aa6f9": "B cell", "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fa": "proteolysis", "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fb": "lymphokines", "5ad4d52a5b96ef001a10a260": "when antibodies on its surface bind to a specific foreign antigen", "5ad4d52a5b96ef001a10a261": "peptides", "5ad4d52a5b96ef001a10a262": "MHC and antigen", "5ad4d52a5b96ef001a10a263": "", "5ad4d52a5b96ef001a10a264": "", "5729f799af94a219006aa707": "long-lived memory cells", "5729f799af94a219006aa708": "adaptive", "5729f799af94a219006aa709": "passive short-term memory or active long-term memory", "5729f799af94a219006aa70a": "", "5ad4d6a75b96ef001a10a2c6": "", "5ad4d6a75b96ef001a10a2c7": "", "5ad4d6a75b96ef001a10a2c8": "", "5ad4d6a75b96ef001a10a2c9": "", "5ad4d6a75b96ef001a10a2ca": "", "5729f8516aef05140015516c": "microbes", "5729f8516aef05140015516d": "IgG,", "5729f8516aef05140015516e": "Breast milk or colostrum", "5729f8516aef05140015516f": "passive immunity", "5ad4d7395b96ef001a10a2f4": "", "5ad4d7395b96ef001a10a2f5": "", "5ad4d7395b96ef001a10a2f6": "IgG,", "5ad4d7395b96ef001a10a2f7": "", "5ad4d7395b96ef001a10a2f8": "", "5729f9953f37b3190047861f": "immunomodulators", "5729f9953f37b31900478620": "adaptive and innate", "5729f9953f37b31900478621": "lupus erythematosus", "5729f9953f37b31900478622": "immunosuppressive", "5ad4e61e5b96ef001a10a5ac": "", "5ad4e61e5b96ef001a10a5ad": "", "5ad4e61e5b96ef001a10a5ae": "", "5ad4e61e5b96ef001a10a5af": "testosterone", "5ad4e61e5b96ef001a10a5b0": "lupus erythematosus", "5729fa40af94a219006aa70f": "NFIL3,", "5729fa40af94a219006aa710": "heart disease, chronic pain, and asthma", "5729fa40af94a219006aa711": "active immunizations", "5ad4ea425b96ef001a10a626": "", "5ad4ea425b96ef001a10a627": "", "5ad4ea425b96ef001a10a628": "", "5ad4ea425b96ef001a10a629": "heart disease, chronic pain, and asthma", "5ad4ea425b96ef001a10a62a": "", "5729fb003f37b31900478627": "", "5729fb003f37b31900478628": "vitamin D.", "5729fb003f37b31900478629": "hormones", "5729fb003f37b3190047862a": "cholecalciferol", "5ad4e90e5b96ef001a10a608": "", "5ad4e90e5b96ef001a10a609": "weakened immune responses", "5ad4e90e5b96ef001a10a60a": "", "5ad4e90e5b96ef001a10a60b": "", "5ad4e90e5b96ef001a10a60c": "", "5729fc3d1d0469140077969d": "killer T cells,", "5729fc3d1d0469140077969e": "MHC class I molecules", "5729fc3d1d0469140077969f": "viral antigens", "5729fc3d1d046914007796a0": "Sometimes antibodies", "5ad4e4cf5b96ef001a10a586": "", "5ad4e4cf5b96ef001a10a587": "", "5ad4e4cf5b96ef001a10a588": "", "5ad4e4cf5b96ef001a10a589": "", "5ad4e4cf5b96ef001a10a58a": "", "5729fd111d046914007796a5": "phagocytic cells", "5729fd111d046914007796a6": "Pathogen-associated molecular patterns", "5729fd111d046914007796a7": "rapid apoptosis", "5729fd111d046914007796a8": "Systemic acquired resistance", "5729fd111d046914007796a9": "silencing", "5ad4e3a15b96ef001a10a560": "phagocytic cells", "5ad4e3a15b96ef001a10a561": "hypersensitive response", "5ad4e3a15b96ef001a10a562": "rapid apoptosis", "5ad4e3a15b96ef001a10a563": "", "5ad4e3a15b96ef001a10a564": "", "5729fe5c3f37b3190047862f": "autoimmune disorders", "5729fe5c3f37b31900478630": "self and non-self", "5729fe5c3f37b31900478631": "thymus and bone marrow", "5729fe5c3f37b31900478632": "\"self\" peptides", "5ad4db615b96ef001a10a434": "autoimmune disorders", "5ad4db615b96ef001a10a435": "", "5ad4db615b96ef001a10a436": "", "5ad4db615b96ef001a10a437": "", "5ad4db615b96ef001a10a438": "", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa739": "Immunodeficiencies", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73a": "young and the elderly", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73b": "50", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73c": "obesity, alcoholism, and drug use", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73d": "malnutrition", "5ad4d91d5b96ef001a10a380": "", "5ad4d91d5b96ef001a10a381": "", "5ad4d91d5b96ef001a10a382": "", "5ad4d91d5b96ef001a10a383": "", "5ad4d91d5b96ef001a10a384": "severe immunodeficiency", "5729ffda1d046914007796af": "vaccination", "5729ffda1d046914007796b0": "immunization", "5729ffda1d046914007796b1": "an antigen", "5729ffda1d046914007796b2": "natural specificity of the immune system, as well as its inducibility", "5ad4d8845b96ef001a10a344": "", "5ad4d8845b96ef001a10a345": "", "5ad4d8845b96ef001a10a346": "", "5ad4d8845b96ef001a10a347": "", "5ad4d8845b96ef001a10a348": "", "572a019f3f37b31900478643": "enzymes", "572a019f3f37b31900478644": "III", "572a019f3f37b31900478645": "shut down host defenses", "572a019f3f37b31900478646": "elude host immune responses", "5ad4f4405b96ef001a10a77e": "its ability to elude host immune responses", "5ad4f4405b96ef001a10a77f": "by secreting enzymes that digest the barrier", "5ad4f4405b96ef001a10a780": "hollow tube", "5ad4f4405b96ef001a10a781": "", "5ad4f4405b96ef001a10a782": "These proteins", "572a02483f37b3190047864b": "Frank Burnet,", "572a02483f37b3190047864c": "pathogens", "572a02483f37b3190047864d": "histocompatibility", "572a02483f37b3190047864e": "Niels Jerne,", "5ad4f11d5b96ef001a10a702": "the clonal selection theory", "5ad4f11d5b96ef001a10a703": "", "5ad4f11d5b96ef001a10a704": "", "5ad4f11d5b96ef001a10a705": "", "5ad4f11d5b96ef001a10a706": "", "572a03086aef0514001551a2": "Anti-inflammatory drugs are often used to control the effects of inflammation. Glucocorticoids", "572a03086aef0514001551a3": "cytotoxic or immunosuppressive drugs", "572a03086aef0514001551a4": "methotrexate or azathioprine", "572a03086aef0514001551a5": "cyclosporin", "5ad4ef8b5b96ef001a10a6b8": "Anti-inflammatory drugs", "5ad4ef8b5b96ef001a10a6b9": "", "5ad4ef8b5b96ef001a10a6ba": "", "5ad4ef8b5b96ef001a10a6bb": "", "5ad4ef8b5b96ef001a10a6bc": "cyclosporin", "572a04d51d046914007796cd": "cytotoxic natural killer cells and CTLs", "572a04d51d046914007796ce": "cortisol and catecholamines", "572a04d51d046914007796cf": "melatonin", "572a04d51d046914007796d0": "free radical", "5ad4ec305b96ef001a10a668": "", "5ad4ec305b96ef001a10a669": "to elicit an effective response against any intruding pathogens", "5ad4ec305b96ef001a10a66a": "cortisol and catecholamines", "5ad4ec305b96ef001a10a66b": "", "5ad4ec305b96ef001a10a66c": "melatonin", "572a058aaf94a219006aa751": "vitamin D receptor.", "572a058aaf94a219006aa752": "steroid hormone calcitriol", "572a058aaf94a219006aa753": "symbiotic", "572a058aaf94a219006aa754": "CYP27B1,", "572a058aaf94a219006aa755": "dendritic cells, keratinocytes and macrophages", "5ad4e7eb5b96ef001a10a5f4": "", "5ad4e7eb5b96ef001a10a5f5": "T-cell", "5ad4e7eb5b96ef001a10a5f6": "", "5ad4e7eb5b96ef001a10a5f7": "CYP27B1,", "5ad4e7eb5b96ef001a10a5f8": "CYP27B1,", "572a06af3f37b31900478667": "Pattern recognition receptors", "572a06af3f37b31900478668": "defensins", "572a06af3f37b31900478669": "The complement system and phagocytic cells", "572a06af3f37b3190047866a": "RNA interference pathway", "5ad4df065b96ef001a10a4f4": "", "5ad4df065b96ef001a10a4f5": "defensins", "5ad4df065b96ef001a10a4f6": "", "5ad4df065b96ef001a10a4f7": "", "5ad4df065b96ef001a10a4f8": "", "572a07fc6aef0514001551dc": "immunoglobulins and T cell receptors)", "572a07fc6aef0514001551dd": "lamprey and hagfish", "572a07fc6aef0514001551de": "Variable lymphocyte receptors", "572a07fc6aef0514001551df": "adaptive immune system", "5ad4d5e15b96ef001a10a298": "", "5ad4d5e15b96ef001a10a299": "", "5ad4d5e15b96ef001a10a29a": "", "5ad4d5e15b96ef001a10a29b": "", "5ad4d5e15b96ef001a10a29c": "", "572a096e6aef0514001551e4": "lymphocytes", "572a096e6aef0514001551e5": "restriction modification system", "572a096e6aef0514001551e6": "viral pathogens", "572a096e6aef0514001551e7": "CRISPR sequences", "5ad4de4c5b96ef001a10a4d8": "", "5ad4de4c5b96ef001a10a4d9": "", "5ad4de4c5b96ef001a10a4da": "", "5ad4de4c5b96ef001a10a4db": "", "5ad4de4c5b96ef001a10a4dc": "Offensive elements of the immune systems", "572a0a686aef0514001551ec": "\"cellular\" and \"humoral", "572a0a686aef0514001551ed": "Elie Metchnikoff,", "572a0a686aef0514001551ee": "phagocytes", "572a0a686aef0514001551ef": "Robert Koch and Emil von Behring,", "572a0a686aef0514001551f0": "soluble components", "5ad4f0675b96ef001a10a6e8": "", "5ad4f0675b96ef001a10a6e9": "Elie Metchnikoff,", "5ad4f0675b96ef001a10a6ea": "Robert Koch and Emil von Behring,", "5ad4f0675b96ef001a10a6eb": "soluble components", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f6": "cancers", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f7": "MHC class I molecules", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f8": "TGF-\u03b2,", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f9": "macrophages and lymphocytes", "5ad4e56d5b96ef001a10a598": "", "5ad4e56d5b96ef001a10a599": "", "5ad4e56d5b96ef001a10a59a": "", "5ad4e56d5b96ef001a10a59b": "", "5ad4e56d5b96ef001a10a59c": "", "572a0bf96aef051400155204": "Hypersensitivity", "572a0bf96aef051400155205": "four", "572a0bf96aef051400155206": "", "572a0bf96aef051400155207": "IgE,", "572a0bf96aef051400155208": "antibody", "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4a8": "Hypersensitivity", "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4a9": "", "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4aa": "", "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4ab": "", "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4ac": "", "572a0ce11d046914007796fd": "intracellular pathogenesis", "572a0ce11d046914007796fe": "Salmonella", "572a0ce11d046914007796ff": "(Plasmodium falciparum)", "572a0ce11d04691400779700": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis,", "572a0ce11d04691400779701": "A),", "5ad4f7895b96ef001a10a7f0": "", "5ad4f7895b96ef001a10a7f1": "intracellular pathogenesis", "5ad4f7895b96ef001a10a7f2": "inside host cells", "5ad4f7895b96ef001a10a7f3": "", "5ad4f7895b96ef001a10a7f4": "antibodies", "572a0e4b6aef051400155214": "antigenic variation", "572a0e4b6aef051400155215": "HIV,", "572a0e4b6aef051400155216": "Trypanosoma brucei", "572a0e4b6aef051400155217": "antigens", "5ad4f8255b96ef001a10a80e": "", "5ad4f8255b96ef001a10a80f": "", "5ad4f8255b96ef001a10a810": "", "5ad4f8255b96ef001a10a811": "", "5ad4f8255b96ef001a10a812": "Trypanosoma brucei", "572a0f073f37b3190047867f": "immune surveillance", "572a0f073f37b31900478680": "papillomavirus", "572a0f073f37b31900478681": "tyrosinase", "572a0f073f37b31900478682": "melanomas", "572a0f073f37b31900478683": "melanomas", "5ad4e4425b96ef001a10a572": "", "5ad4e4425b96ef001a10a573": "antigens", "5ad4e4425b96ef001a10a574": "", "5ad4e4425b96ef001a10a575": "", "5ad4e4425b96ef001a10a576": "proteins", "572a10cd6aef051400155222": "(>500 Da) can provoke a neutralizing immune response, particularly if the drugs are administered repeatedly, or in larger doses. This limits the effectiveness of drugs based on larger peptides and proteins (which are typically larger than 6000 Da).", "572a10cd6aef051400155223": "hydrophilic", "572a10cd6aef051400155224": "proteomics", "572a10cd6aef051400155225": "B", "572a10cd6aef051400155226": "immunoinformatics", "5ad4f3a25b96ef001a10a758": "", "5ad4f3a25b96ef001a10a759": "limits the effectiveness", "5ad4f3a25b96ef001a10a75a": "", "5ad4f3a25b96ef001a10a75b": "hydrophilic amino acids", "5ad4f3a25b96ef001a10a75c": "", "572a12386aef051400155234": "leptin, pituitary growth hormone, and prolactin", "572a12386aef051400155235": "leptin, pituitary growth hormone, and prolactin", "572a12386aef051400155236": "one that supports Th1,", "572a12386aef051400155237": "Th1", "5ad4eb355b96ef001a10a64c": "", "5ad4eb355b96ef001a10a64d": "", "5ad4eb355b96ef001a10a64e": "", "5ad4eb355b96ef001a10a64f": "leptin, pituitary growth hormone, and prolactin", "5ad4eb355b96ef001a10a650": "", "572a135daf94a219006aa79f": "bacteriophage", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a0": "defensins", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a1": "vaccination", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a2": "", "5ad49d30ba00c4001a268dd4": "Pathogens", "5ad49d30ba00c4001a268dd5": "", "5ad49d30ba00c4001a268dd6": "", "5ad49d30ba00c4001a268dd7": "Adaptive (or acquired) immunity", "5ad49d30ba00c4001a268dd8": "vaccination", "572a142e3f37b319004786b9": "carbohydrates", "572a142e3f37b319004786ba": "signal amplification", "572a142e3f37b319004786bb": "catalytic", "572a142e3f37b319004786bc": "", "5ad4c6775b96ef001a10a010": "", "5ad4c6775b96ef001a10a011": "", "5ad4c6775b96ef001a10a012": "", "5ad4c6775b96ef001a10a013": "protease activity", "5ad4c6775b96ef001a10a014": "", "57293b843f37b31900478133": "", "57293b843f37b31900478134": "two", "57293b843f37b31900478135": "greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere", "57293b843f37b31900478136": "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change", "57293b843f37b31900478137": "Resolution 43/53.", "5a3e2a95378766001a0024af": "The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change", "5a3e2a95378766001a0024b0": "United Nations,", "5a3e2a95378766001a0024b1": "", "5a3e2a95378766001a0024b2": "", "5a3e2a95378766001a0024b3": "", "57293bc91d0469140077919b": "Hoesung Lee", "57293bc91d0469140077919c": "", "57293bc91d0469140077919d": "", "57293bc91d0469140077919e": "", "57293bc91d0469140077919f": "", "5a3e2ba4378766001a0024b9": "Hoesung Lee", "5a3e2ba4378766001a0024ba": "", "5a3e2ba4378766001a0024bb": "Rajendra K. 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Mann, Raymond S. Bradley and Malcolm K. Hughes", "57294209af94a219006aa203": "hockey stick graph", "57294209af94a219006aa204": "", "5a3e40d1378766001a00251d": "", "5a3e40d1378766001a00251e": "1999", "5a3e40d1378766001a00251f": "temperature units", "5a3e40d1378766001a002520": "", "5a3e40d1378766001a002521": "", "57294279af94a219006aa209": "1000 and 1900", "57294279af94a219006aa20a": "Fred Singer's", "57294279af94a219006aa20b": "Capitol Hill, Washington, D.C.,", "57294279af94a219006aa20c": "", "57294279af94a219006aa20d": "", "5a3e42de378766001a002527": "1000 and 1900", "5a3e42de378766001a002528": "", "5a3e42de378766001a002529": "", "5a3e42de378766001a00252a": "", "5a3e42de378766001a00252b": "", "572943ab1d04691400779219": "Rep. Joe Barton,", "572943ab1d0469140077921a": "Ed Whitfield,", "572943ab1d0469140077921b": "23 June 2005,", "572943ab1d0469140077921c": "Sherwood Boehlert,", "572943ab1d0469140077921d": "Sherwood Boehlert,", "5a3e44ea378766001a002531": "Ed Whitfield,", "5a3e44ea378766001a002532": "", "5a3e44ea378766001a002533": "", "5a3e44ea378766001a002534": "", "5a3e44ea378766001a002535": "", "572944e03f37b319004781e1": "2007", "572944e03f37b319004781e2": "2007", "572944e03f37b319004781e3": "", "572944e03f37b319004781e4": "14", "572944e03f37b319004781e5": "divergence", "5a3e582e378766001a00259f": "", "5a3e582e378766001a0025a0": "", "5a3e582e378766001a0025a1": "", "5a3e582e378766001a0025a2": "", "5a3e582e378766001a0025a3": "", "572945b11d0469140077922f": "1 February 2007,", "572945b11d04691400779230": "", "572945b11d04691400779231": "", "572945b11d04691400779232": "", "5a3e5697378766001a002595": "", "5a3e5697378766001a002596": "six", "5a3e5697378766001a002597": "", "5a3e5697378766001a002598": "", "5a3e5697378766001a002599": "above the top of the range", "572949306aef051400154c68": "", "572949306aef051400154c69": "0.5\u20131.4 m [50\u2013140 cm]", "572949306aef051400154c6a": "0.5\u20131.4 m", "572949306aef051400154c6b": "2001", "5a3e4a34378766001a00254f": "0.5\u20131.4 m [50\u2013140 cm]", "5a3e4a34378766001a002550": "9\u201388 cm", "5a3e4a34378766001a002551": "", "5a3e4a34378766001a002552": "", "5a3e4a34378766001a002553": "0.5\u20131.4 m", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26b": "", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26c": "Science Magazine's", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26d": "", "5a3e4c01378766001a002559": "", "5a3e4c01378766001a00255a": "", "5a3e4c01378766001a00255b": "IPCC assessment reports.", "5a3e4c01378766001a00255c": "", "5a3e4c01378766001a00255d": "", "57294e6b1d04691400779275": "", "57294e6b1d04691400779276": "", "57294e6b1d04691400779277": "states and governments", "5a3e4e57378766001a002563": "Ozone", "5a3e4e57378766001a002564": "", "5a3e4e57378766001a002565": "opposing", "5a3e4e57378766001a002566": "", "5a3e4e57378766001a002567": "", "5729506d6aef051400154cac": "Sheldon Ungar's", "5729506d6aef051400154cad": "varying regional cost-benefit analysis and burden-sharing conflicts with regard to the distribution of emission reductions", "5729506d6aef051400154cae": "regional burden sharing conflicts", "5729506d6aef051400154caf": "the UK government", "5a3e5014378766001a002577": "Sheldon Ungar's", "5a3e5014378766001a002578": "", "5a3e5014378766001a002579": "", "5a3e5014378766001a00257a": "", "5a3e5014378766001a00257b": "", "5729517d6aef051400154cc8": "scientific papers and independently documented results from other scientific bodies", "5729517d6aef051400154cc9": "any significant new evidence or events that change our understanding of climate science", "5729517d6aef051400154cca": "", "5a3e51b6378766001a002581": "", "5a3e51b6378766001a002582": "", "5a3e51b6378766001a002584": "", "5a3e51b6378766001a002585": "IPCC", "572951f16aef051400154cce": "five", "572951f16aef051400154ccf": "Nature", "572951f16aef051400154cd0": "", "572951f16aef051400154cd1": "", "5a3e539a378766001a00258b": "", "5a3e539a378766001a00258c": "", "5a3e539a378766001a00258d": "", "5a3e539a378766001a00258e": "political interference", "5a3e539a378766001a00258f": "", "57296d571d04691400779413": "2 and 3", "57296d571d04691400779414": "composite number", "57296d571d04691400779415": "The fundamental theorem of arithmetic", "57296d571d04691400779416": "primes", "57296d571d04691400779417": "", "5a89117e19b91f001a626f2d": "", "5a89117e19b91f001a626f2e": "composite", "5a89117e19b91f001a626f2f": "composite", "5a89117e19b91f001a626f30": "primes", "5a89117e19b91f001a626f31": "", "57296f293f37b319004783a3": "primality", "57296f293f37b319004783a4": "trial division", "57296f293f37b319004783a5": "Miller\u2013Rabin primality test,", "57296f293f37b319004783a6": "Miller\u2013Rabin primality test,", "57296f293f37b319004783a7": "22,338,618", "5a89128d3b2508001a72a494": "primality", "5a89128d3b2508001a72a495": "", "5a89128d3b2508001a72a496": "Miller\u2013Rabin primality test,", "5a89128d3b2508001a72a497": "Miller\u2013Rabin primality test,", "5a89128d3b2508001a72a498": "22,338,618 decimal digits", "572970c11d04691400779463": "infinitely many primes", "572970c11d04691400779464": "", "572970c11d04691400779465": "statistical", "572970c11d04691400779466": "prime number theorem", "572970c11d04691400779467": "end of the 19th century", "5a8913713b2508001a72a49e": "", "5a8913713b2508001a72a49f": "", "5a8913713b2508001a72a4a0": "", "5a8913713b2508001a72a4a1": "prime number theorem", "5a8913713b2508001a72a4a2": "", "5729727baf94a219006aa437": "Goldbach's conjecture", "5729727baf94a219006aa438": "twin prime conjecture", "5729727baf94a219006aa439": "algebraic", "5729727baf94a219006aa43a": "public-key cryptography", "5729727baf94a219006aa43b": "prime elements and prime ideals", "5a89150d3b2508001a72a4a8": "Goldbach's conjecture", "5a89150d3b2508001a72a4a9": "twin prime conjecture", "5a89150d3b2508001a72a4aa": "every even integer greater than 2 can be expressed as the sum of two primes", "5a89150d3b2508001a72a4ab": "public-key cryptography", "5a89150d3b2508001a72a4ac": "prime elements and prime ideals", "572973f76aef051400154f0a": "2", "572973f76aef051400154f0b": "1, 2, and n", "572973f76aef051400154f0c": "odd prime", "572973f76aef051400154f0d": "9", "572973f76aef051400154f0e": "", "5a8917433b2508001a72a4b2": "", "5a8917433b2508001a72a4b3": "", "5a8917433b2508001a72a4b4": "odd prime", "5a8917433b2508001a72a4b5": "9", "5a8917433b2508001a72a4b6": "", "57297547af94a219006aa45b": "1", "57297547af94a219006aa45c": "Christian Goldbach", "57297547af94a219006aa45d": "Leonhard Euler", "57297547af94a219006aa45e": "10,006,721", "57297547af94a219006aa45f": "a prime", "5a8919843b2508001a72a4bc": "1", "5a8919843b2508001a72a4bd": "Middle Ages and Renaissance", "5a8919843b2508001a72a4be": "Leonhard Euler", "5a8919843b2508001a72a4bf": "10,006,721", "5a8919843b2508001a72a4c0": "prime", "57297781af94a219006aa4a3": "", "57297781af94a219006aa4a4": "", "57297781af94a219006aa4a5": "Euler's totient function or the sum of divisors function.", "57297781af94a219006aa4a6": "", "57297781af94a219006aa4a7": "", "5a8923a23b2508001a72a4c6": "", "5a8923a23b2508001a72a4c7": "", "5a8923a23b2508001a72a4c8": "Euler's totient function or the sum of divisors function.", "5a8923a23b2508001a72a4c9": "", "5a8923a23b2508001a72a4ca": "", "572978f91d046914007794d3": "Egyptian fraction expansions in the Rhind", "572978f91d046914007794d4": "Ancient Greeks.", "572978f91d046914007794d5": "Euclid's Elements", "572978f91d046914007794d6": "Euclid", "572978f91d046914007794d7": "a simple method to compute primes", "5a8925e53b2508001a72a4d0": "", "5a8925e53b2508001a72a4d1": "Ancient Greeks.", "5a8925e53b2508001a72a4d2": "", "5a8925e53b2508001a72a4d3": "", "5a8925e53b2508001a72a4d4": "a simple method to compute primes", "57297a276aef051400154f88": "1640", "57297a276aef051400154f89": "Leibniz and Euler).", "57297a276aef051400154f8a": "22n + 1", "57297a276aef051400154f8b": "n = 4 (or 216 + 1", "57297a276aef051400154f8c": "", "5a8929e43b2508001a72a4da": "1640", "5a8929e43b2508001a72a4db": "Leibniz and Euler).", "5a8929e43b2508001a72a4dc": "22n + 1", "5a8929e43b2508001a72a4dd": "n = 4 (or 216 + 1", "5a8929e43b2508001a72a4de": "", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c7": "trial division", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c8": "a complete list of primes up to is known", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c9": "", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4ca": "", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4cb": "three", "5a892b473b2508001a72a4e4": "trial division", "5a892b473b2508001a72a4e5": "complete list of primes up to is known", "5a892b473b2508001a72a4e6": "", "5a892b473b2508001a72a4e7": "", "5a892b473b2508001a72a4e8": "three", "57297d421d046914007794e5": "", "57297d421d046914007794e6": "probabilistic (or \"Monte Carlo\") and deterministic algorithms.", "57297d421d046914007794e7": "probabilistic (or \"Monte Carlo\") and deterministic algorithms.", "57297d421d046914007794e8": "deterministic", "57297d421d046914007794e9": "1/(1-p)n", "5a892d303b2508001a72a4ee": "", "5a892d303b2508001a72a4ef": "probabilistic (or \"Monte Carlo\") and deterministic algorithms.", "5a892d303b2508001a72a4f0": "", "5a892d303b2508001a72a4f1": "", "5a892d303b2508001a72a4f2": "1/(1-p)n", "57297ed93f37b3190047845f": "Fermat primality test,", "57297ed93f37b31900478460": "np\u2261n (mod p) for any n if p is a prime number", "57297ed93f37b31900478461": "composite numbers", "57297ed93f37b31900478462": "Baillie-PSW, Miller-Rabin, and Solovay-Strassen tests,", "57297ed93f37b31900478463": "Baillie-PSW, Miller-Rabin, and Solovay-Strassen tests,", "5a892e8e3b2508001a72a4f8": "", "5a892e8e3b2508001a72a4f9": "", "5a892e8e3b2508001a72a4fa": "composite numbers", "5a892e8e3b2508001a72a4fb": "Baillie-PSW, Miller-Rabin, and Solovay-Strassen tests,", "5a892e8e3b2508001a72a4fc": "Baillie-PSW, Miller-Rabin, and Solovay-Strassen tests,", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d1": "2p + 1", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d2": "2p + 1", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d3": "", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d4": "Sophie Germain primes", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d5": "Sophie Germain primes", "5a8930573b2508001a72a502": "", "5a8930573b2508001a72a503": "", "5a8930573b2508001a72a504": "", "5a8930573b2508001a72a505": "Sophie Germain primes (primes of the form 2p + 1 with p prime), primorial primes, Fermat primes and Mersenne primes, that is, prime numbers that are of the form 2p \u2212 1, where p is an arbitrary prime. The Lucas\u2013Lehmer", "5a8930573b2508001a72a506": "Sophie Germain primes (primes of the form 2p + 1 with p prime), primorial primes, Fermat primes and Mersenne primes, that is, prime numbers that are of the form 2p \u2212 1, where p is an arbitrary prime. The Lucas\u2013Lehmer", "572982e66aef051400154f92": "distributed", "572982e66aef051400154f93": "", "572982e66aef051400154f94": "$100,000", "572982e66aef051400154f95": "The Electronic Frontier Foundation", "572982e76aef051400154f96": "", "5a89320b3b2508001a72a50c": "distributed", "5a89320b3b2508001a72a50d": "", "5a89320b3b2508001a72a50e": "", "5a89320b3b2508001a72a50f": "The Electronic Frontier Foundation", "5a89320b3b2508001a72a510": "", "572985011d04691400779501": "Here", "572985011d04691400779502": "Chebyshev),", "572985011d04691400779503": "n > 3", "572985011d04691400779504": "at least one prime number p with n < p < 2n \u2212 2", "572985011d04691400779505": "Wilson's theorem", "5a8933ed3b2508001a72a516": "Here represents the floor function,", "5a8933ed3b2508001a72a517": "Chebyshev),", "5a8933ed3b2508001a72a518": "n > 3", "5a8933ed3b2508001a72a519": "at least one prime number p with n < p < 2n \u2212 2", "5a8933ed3b2508001a72a51a": "Wilson's theorem", "572987e46aef051400154fa2": "Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions", "572987e46aef051400154fa3": "Dirichlet's", "572987e46aef051400154fa4": "1/6", "572987e46aef051400154fa5": "infinitely many", "572987e46aef051400154fa6": "infinitely many prime numbers", "5a89357c3b2508001a72a520": "Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions", "5a89357c3b2508001a72a521": "Dirichlet's", "5a89357c3b2508001a72a522": "", "5a89357c3b2508001a72a523": "infinitely many primes. The picture below illustrates this with q = 9: the numbers are \"wrapped around\" as soon as a multiple of 9 is passed. Primes are highlighted in red. The rows (=progressions) starting with a = 3, 6, or 9 contain at most one prime number.", "5a89357c3b2508001a72a524": "infinitely many prime numbers", "572989846aef051400154fc0": "zeta function", "572989846aef051400154fc1": "", "572989846aef051400154fc2": "diverges", "572989846aef051400154fc3": "exceeds any given number), so there must be infinitely many primes", "572989846aef051400154fc4": "algebraic number theory", "5a8937553b2508001a72a52a": "", "5a8937553b2508001a72a52b": "", "5a8937553b2508001a72a52c": "diverges (i.e., exceeds any given number), so there must be infinitely many primes", "5a8937553b2508001a72a52d": "exceeds any given number), so there must be infinitely many primes", "5a8937553b2508001a72a52e": "", "57298ef11d0469140077952d": "1859", "57298ef11d0469140077952e": "\u22122, \u22124, ...", "57298ef11d0469140077952f": "", "57298ef11d04691400779530": "asymptotic distribution", "57298ef11d04691400779531": "asymptotic distribution", "5a89392f3b2508001a72a534": "", "5a89392f3b2508001a72a535": "\u22122, \u22124, ...", "5a89392f3b2508001a72a536": "random noise", "5a89392f3b2508001a72a537": "", "5a89392f3b2508001a72a538": "", "57299021af94a219006aa50b": "1912", "57299021af94a219006aa50c": "Goldbach's conjecture,", "57299021af94a219006aa50d": "up to n = 2 \u00b7 1017", "57299021af94a219006aa50e": "", "57299021af94a219006aa50f": "Chen's theorem", "5a893a003b2508001a72a53e": "1912", "5a893a003b2508001a72a53f": "Goldbach's conjecture,", "5a893a003b2508001a72a540": "", "5a893a003b2508001a72a541": "Chen's theorem", "5a893a003b2508001a72a542": "Chen's theorem", "572991943f37b319004784a1": "", "572991943f37b319004784a2": "pairs of primes with difference 2", "572991943f37b319004784a3": "Polignac's", "572991943f37b319004784a4": "n2 + 1", "572991943f37b319004784a5": "", "5a893bd73b2508001a72a548": "", "5a893bd73b2508001a72a549": "", "5a893bd73b2508001a72a54a": "", "5a893bd73b2508001a72a54b": "", "5a893bd73b2508001a72a54c": "", "57299326af94a219006aa515": "number theory", "57299326af94a219006aa516": "G. H. Hardy", "57299326af94a219006aa517": "1970s", "57299326af94a219006aa518": "hash tables and pseudorandom number generators", "57299326af94a219006aa519": "pseudorandom", "5a893ce63b2508001a72a552": "", "5a893ce63b2508001a72a553": "G. H. Hardy", "5a893ce63b2508001a72a554": "1970s", "5a893ce63b2508001a72a555": "", "5a893ce63b2508001a72a556": "", "572995d46aef051400154fe8": "recurring", "572995d46aef051400154fe9": "p \u2212 1", "572995d46aef051400154fea": "p \u2212 1)! + 1", "572995d46aef051400154feb": "(p \u2212 1)! + 1 is divisible by p. Moreover, an integer n > 4 is composite if and only if (n \u2212 1)!", "572995d46aef051400154fec": "", "5a8940ba3b2508001a72a55c": "recurring", "5a8940ba3b2508001a72a55d": "p \u2212 1", "5a8940ba3b2508001a72a55e": "p \u2212 1)! + 1", "5a8940ba3b2508001a72a55f": "(p \u2212 1)! + 1 is divisible by p. Moreover, an integer n > 4 is composite if and only if (n \u2212 1)!", "5a8940ba3b2508001a72a560": "", "572996c73f37b319004784b3": "RSA and the Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange,", "572996c73f37b319004784b4": "RSA and the Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange,", "572996c73f37b319004784b5": "512", "572996c73f37b319004784b6": "modular", "572996c73f37b319004784b7": "1024", "5a8942233b2508001a72a566": "", "5a8942233b2508001a72a567": "", "5a8942233b2508001a72a568": "512", "5a8942233b2508001a72a569": "modular", "5a8942233b2508001a72a56a": "1024", "572998673f37b319004784d5": "cicadas", "572998673f37b319004784d6": "grubs underground", "572998673f37b319004784d7": "17", "572998673f37b319004784d8": "the prime number intervals between emergences make it very difficult for predators to evolve that could specialize as predators on Magicicadas.", "572998673f37b319004784d9": "2%", "5a8943753b2508001a72a570": "cicadas", "5a8943753b2508001a72a571": "grubs underground", "5a8943753b2508001a72a572": "17", "5a8943753b2508001a72a573": "prime number intervals between emergences make it very difficult for predators to evolve that could specialize as predators on Magicicadas.", "5a8943753b2508001a72a574": "2%", "57299a6f6aef051400155016": "minimality or indecomposability", "57299a6f6aef051400155017": "", "57299a6f6aef051400155018": "cannot be written as the knot sum of two nontrivial knots", "57299a6f6aef051400155019": "a connected sum of prime knots", "57299a6f6aef05140015501a": "any object can be, essentially uniquely, decomposed into its prime components", "5a8944653b2508001a72a57a": "", "5a8944653b2508001a72a57b": "", "5a8944653b2508001a72a57c": "", "5a8944653b2508001a72a57d": "", "5a8944653b2508001a72a57e": "", "57299c2c6aef051400155020": "R,", "57299c2c6aef051400155021": "Prime numbers", "57299c2c6aef051400155022": "Prime numbers", "57299c2c6aef051400155023": "does not have a multiplicative inverse", "57299c2c6aef051400155024": "if it is not a unit", "5a8945a43b2508001a72a584": "R,", "5a8945a43b2508001a72a585": "", "5a8945a43b2508001a72a586": "", "5a8945a43b2508001a72a587": "", "5a8945a43b2508001a72a588": "", "57299d1c1d04691400779581": "", "57299d1c1d04691400779582": "Gaussian integers Z[i],", "57299d1c1d04691400779583": "a + bi", "57299d1c1d04691400779584": "arbitrary integers", "57299d1c1d04691400779585": "4k + 1", "5a89464f3b2508001a72a58e": "", "5a89464f3b2508001a72a58f": "", "5a89464f3b2508001a72a590": "", "5a89464f3b2508001a72a591": "arbitrary integers", "5a89464f3b2508001a72a592": "", "57299ec43f37b3190047850d": "ring theory", "57299ec43f37b3190047850e": "Prime ideals,", "57299ec43f37b3190047850f": "", "57299ec43f37b31900478510": "fundamental theorem of arithmetic", "57299ec43f37b31900478511": "Noetherian", "5a89473c3b2508001a72a598": "ring", "5a89473c3b2508001a72a599": "", "5a89473c3b2508001a72a59a": "", "5a89473c3b2508001a72a59b": "", "5a89473c3b2508001a72a59c": "Noetherian", "5729a03f1d04691400779593": "Prime ideals", "5729a03f1d04691400779594": "", "5729a03f1d04691400779595": "ring of integers of quadratic number fields", "5729a03f1d04691400779596": "solvability of quadratic equations", "5a8949463b2508001a72a5a2": "Prime ideals", "5a8949463b2508001a72a5a3": "", "5a8949463b2508001a72a5a4": "ring of integers of quadratic number fields", "5a8949463b2508001a72a5a5": "", "5a8949463b2508001a72a5a6": "", "5729a26d6aef05140015505a": "smaller", "5729a26d6aef05140015505b": "", "5729a26d6aef05140015505c": "p-adic norm |\u2212|p", "5729a26d6aef05140015505d": "local-global principle", "5a894a483b2508001a72a5ac": "smaller", "5a894a483b2508001a72a5ad": "Q or more general global fields", "5a894a483b2508001a72a5ae": "", "5a894a483b2508001a72a5af": "", "5a894a483b2508001a72a5b0": "", "5729a3716aef05140015506a": "Olivier Messiaen", "5729a3716aef05140015506b": "La Nativit\u00e9 du Seigneur", "5729a3716aef05140015506c": "La Nativit\u00e9 du Seigneur", "5729a3716aef05140015506d": "third \u00e9tude,", "5729a3716aef05140015506e": "movements of nature", "5a894b333b2508001a72a5b6": "Olivier Messiaen", "5a894b333b2508001a72a5b7": "La Nativit\u00e9 du Seigneur", "5a894b333b2508001a72a5b8": "La Nativit\u00e9 du Seigneur", "5a894b333b2508001a72a5b9": "third \u00e9tude,", "5a894b333b2508001a72a5ba": "the movements of nature", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55c": "", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55d": "Cologne, Germany", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55e": "", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55f": "1,230 km", "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e37": "", "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3a": "", "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3b": "1,230 km", "5ad25e17d7d075001a428f12": "", "5ad25e17d7d075001a428f13": "1,230 km", "5ad25e17d7d075001a428f14": "", "5ad25e17d7d075001a428f15": "1,050,000", "5ad25e17d7d075001a428f16": "1,230 km", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56b": "", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56c": "R\u0113nos,", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56d": "", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56e": "(1st century BC)", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad7": "", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad8": "Greek \u1fec\u1fc6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad9": "", "572fe288a23a5019007fcada": "Greek \u1fec\u1fc6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2", "572fe288a23a5019007fcadb": "Greek \u1fec\u1fc6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 (Rh\u0113nos), Latin Rhenus.[note", "5ad262fbd7d075001a4290dc": "", "5ad262fbd7d075001a4290dd": "", "5ad262fbd7d075001a4290de": "", "5ad262fbd7d075001a4290df": "", "572f567cb2c2fd140056803f": "\"Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer),", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568040": "1939", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568041": "Old Rhine Bridge at Constance", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568042": "Hoek van Holland", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568043": "number of canalisation projects completed in the 19th and 20th century", "572fe393947a6a140053cdba": "\"Rhine-kilometers\"", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbb": "1939", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbc": "Old Rhine Bridge", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbd": "Hoek van Holland", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbe": "number of canalisation projects completed in the 19th and 20th century", "5ad2649ad7d075001a429160": "0 km", "5ad2649ad7d075001a429161": "\"Rhine-kilometers\"", "5ad2649ad7d075001a429162": "", "5ad2649ad7d075001a429163": "", "5ad2649ad7d075001a429164": "1,232 kilometres", "572f5703a23a5019007fc573": "north", "572f5703a23a5019007fc574": "86 km", "572f5703a23a5019007fc575": "Rhine Valley", "572f5703a23a5019007fc576": "Sargans", "572f5703a23a5019007fc577": "", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4b": "Chur.", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4c": "86 km", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4d": "599 m to 396 m", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4e": "Rhine Valley", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4f": "West and Liechtenstein", "5ad2660dd7d075001a4291d8": "", "5ad2660dd7d075001a4291d9": "", "5ad2660dd7d075001a4291da": "Sargans", "5ad2660dd7d075001a4291db": "86 km", "5ad2660dd7d075001a4291dc": "", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686d": "Lake Constance", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686e": "", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686f": "", "572f57c704bcaa1900d76870": "\"Isel\"", "572f57c704bcaa1900d76871": "", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e55": "", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e56": "the Alter Rhein", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e57": "", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e58": "", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e59": "", "5ad268a9d7d075001a42927e": "mouth of the Rhine", "5ad268a9d7d075001a42927f": "", "5ad268a9d7d075001a429280": "", "5ad268a9d7d075001a429281": "", "5ad268a9d7d075001a429282": "", "572f5875947a6a140053c89a": "Diepoldsau and a lower canal at Fu\u00dfach,", "572f5875947a6a140053c89b": "Fu\u00dfach,", "572f5875947a6a140053c89c": "to counteract the constant flooding and strong sedimentation in the western Rhine Delta.", "572f5875947a6a140053c89d": "parallel to the canalized Rhine", "572f5875947a6a140053c89e": "will silt up the lake", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e69": "Fu\u00dfach,", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6a": "near Diepoldsau", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6b": "to counteract the constant flooding and strong sedimentation in the western Rhine Delta.", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6c": "The Dornbirner Ach", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6d": "continuous input of sediment", "5ad26aa8d7d075001a429320": "", "5ad26aa8d7d075001a429321": "", "5ad26aa8d7d075001a429322": "", "5ad26aa8d7d075001a429323": "to counteract the constant flooding and strong sedimentation in the western Rhine Delta.", "5ad26aa8d7d075001a429324": "", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57d": "three", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57e": "the Seerhein", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57f": "upper lake", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc580": "upper lake", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc581": "Swiss-Austrian", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858b": "three", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858c": "Germany, Switzerland and Austria", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858d": "", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858e": "", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858f": "", "5ad26d27d7d075001a4293c0": "three", "5ad26d27d7d075001a4293c1": "", "5ad26d27d7d075001a4293c2": "", "5ad26d27d7d075001a4293c3": "", "5ad26d27d7d075001a4293c4": "three", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc587": "", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc588": "", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc589": "Hagnau am Bodensee.", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58a": "Lake \u00dcberlingen.", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58b": "entire length", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e95": "", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e96": "", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e97": "Lake \u00dcberlingen.", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e98": "", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e99": "water level", "5ad26fafd7d075001a42942c": "", "5ad26fafd7d075001a42942d": "", "5ad26fafd7d075001a42942e": "Rhine", "5ad26fafd7d075001a42942f": "Lake \u00dcberlingen.", "5ad26fafd7d075001a429430": "", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5af": "westward", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b0": "Aare.", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b1": "1,000 m3/s", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b2": "Finsteraarhorn,", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b3": "Basel,", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde0": "westward", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde1": "Aare.", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde2": "1,000 m3/s (35,000 cu ft/s), and provides more than a fifth", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde3": "Finsteraarhorn,", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde4": "", "5ad2741ed7d075001a4294d4": "Aare.", "5ad2741ed7d075001a4294d5": "1,000 m3/s", "5ad2741ed7d075001a4294d6": "Lake Constance,", "5ad2741ed7d075001a4294d7": "", "5ad2741ed7d075001a4294d8": "", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ea": "Basel,", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8eb": "\"Rhine knee\";", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ec": "the Central Bridge", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ed": "300 km", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ee": "40 km", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf2": "Basel,", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf3": "\"Rhine knee\";", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf4": "North.", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf5": "the High Rhine", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf6": "", "5ad275c8d7d075001a429504": "\"Rhine knee\";", "5ad275c8d7d075001a429505": "", "5ad275c8d7d075001a429506": "", "5ad275c8d7d075001a429507": "300 km", "5ad275c8d7d075001a429508": "40 km", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b7": "19th Century.", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b8": "The rate of flow was increased", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b9": "fell significantly", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680ba": "Grand Canal d'Alsace", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680bb": "", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5b": "The Upper Rhine region", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5c": "19th Century.", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5d": "The rate of flow was increased", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5e": "fell significantly", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5f": "Grand Canal d'Alsace", "5ad278add7d075001a429572": "", "5ad278add7d075001a429573": "", "5ad278add7d075001a429574": "a Rhine straightening program", "5ad278add7d075001a429575": "", "5ad278add7d075001a429576": "", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cb": "The Rhine", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cc": "", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cd": "", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680ce": "", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cf": "400 m (1,300 ft)", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef5": "Germany.", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef6": "", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef7": "Neckar, the Main and, later, the Moselle,", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef8": "", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef9": "2,290 m3/s", "5ad27abcd7d075001a42962a": "", "5ad27abcd7d075001a42962b": "", "5ad27abcd7d075001a42962c": "400 m (1,300 ft)", "5ad27abcd7d075001a42962d": "2,290 m3/s", "5ad27abcd7d075001a42962e": "400 m (1,300 ft)", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5eb": "the Middle Rhine", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ec": "Middle Rhine flows through the Rhine Gorge,", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ed": "erosion", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ee": "Romantic Rhine\",", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76eff": "the Middle Rhine", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f00": "the Rhine Gorge,", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f02": "many castles and vineyards", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f03": "Romantic Rhine\",", "5ad27d5dd7d075001a4296bc": "2002", "5ad27d5dd7d075001a4296bd": "many", "5ad27d5dd7d075001a4296be": "", "5ad27d5dd7d075001a4296bf": "", "5ad27d5dd7d075001a4296c0": "the Middle Rhine", "572f6c85947a6a140053c940": "industry", "572f6c85947a6a140053c941": "the Lower Rhine that the bulk of them are concentrated, as the river passes the major cities of Cologne, D\u00fcsseldorf and Duisburg.", "572f6c85947a6a140053c942": "Duisburg", "572f6c85947a6a140053c943": "", "572f6c85947a6a140053c944": "drinking water", "572ff293947a6a140053ce52": "", "572ff293947a6a140053ce53": "Lower Rhine", "572ff293947a6a140053ce54": "", "572ff293947a6a140053ce55": "Duisburg", "572ff293947a6a140053ce56": "The Ruhr,", "5ad27f33d7d075001a429752": "industry", "5ad27f33d7d075001a429753": "", "5ad27f33d7d075001a429754": "", "5ad27f33d7d075001a429755": "", "5ad27f33d7d075001a429756": "", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc621": "tourism", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc622": "Koblenz", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc623": "Lorelei.", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc624": "Middle Rhine Valley", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce66": "tourism", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce67": "UNESCO World Heritage Site.", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce68": "Koblenz", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce69": "Lorelei.", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce6a": "Lorelei.", "5ad28098d7d075001a4297b8": "", "5ad28098d7d075001a4297b9": "The Rhine Gorge", "5ad28098d7d075001a4297ba": "", "5ad28098d7d075001a4297bb": "Lorelei.", "5ad28098d7d075001a4297bc": "narrow river banks", "572f7588947a6a140053c984": "Duisburg", "572f7588947a6a140053c985": "Rhine-Ruhr region.", "572f7588947a6a140053c986": "the Lippe.", "572f7588947a6a140053c987": "", "572f7588947a6a140053c988": "", "572ff430a23a5019007fcba9": "The Lower Rhine", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbaa": "Rhine-Ruhr region.", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbab": "(Duisport).", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbac": "Emmerich Rhine Bridge,", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbad": "", "5ad28253d7d075001a429832": "North Rhine-Westphalia.", "5ad28253d7d075001a429833": "", "5ad28253d7d075001a429834": "", "5ad28253d7d075001a429835": "", "5ad28253d7d075001a429836": "", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568153": "Rijn", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568154": "the Meuse,", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568155": "Two thirds", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f24": "west", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f25": "", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f26": "", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f27": "The Beneden Merwede branches off, near Hardinxveld-Giessendam", "5ad2852ad7d075001a429892": "", "5ad2852ad7d075001a429893": "", "5ad2852ad7d075001a429894": "", "5ad2852ad7d075001a429895": "", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a2": "", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a3": "IJssel and Nederrijn.", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a4": "Lek.", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a5": "Nieuwe Maas", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2d": "Pannerdens Kanaal", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2e": "IJssel and Nederrijn.", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2f": "one ninth", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f30": "Lek.", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f31": "Wijk bij Duurstede,", "5ad286b4d7d075001a4298f6": "", "5ad286b4d7d075001a4298f7": "", "5ad286b4d7d075001a4298f8": "Wijk bij Duurstede,", "5ad286b4d7d075001a4298f9": "", "5ad286b4d7d075001a4298fa": "Lek.", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568657": "Rijn,", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568658": "draining the surrounding land and polders", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568659": "Kromme Rijn", "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865a": "Kromme Rijn", "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865b": "", "5ad28861d7d075001a42993e": "", "5ad28861d7d075001a42993f": "", "5ad28861d7d075001a429940": "", "5ad28861d7d075001a429941": "Channel River,", "5ad28861d7d075001a429942": "", "572ff673b2c2fd1400568669": "", "572ff673b2c2fd140056866a": "", "572ff673b2c2fd140056866b": "", "5ad28a54d7d075001a4299a6": "", "5ad28a54d7d075001a4299a7": "", "5ad28a54d7d075001a4299a8": "", "5ad28a54d7d075001a4299a9": "", "5ad28a54d7d075001a4299aa": "", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f51": "Nederrijn", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f52": "three", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f53": "Waal", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f54": "", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f55": "", "5ad28c93d7d075001a429a0e": "Lake IJsselmeer.", "5ad28c93d7d075001a429a0f": "", "5ad28c93d7d075001a429a10": "", "5ad28c93d7d075001a429a11": "", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568681": "St. Elizabeth's flood", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568682": "1421", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568683": "just south of today's line Merwede-Oude Maas", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568684": "", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568685": "1421 to 1904, the Meuse and Waal merged further upstream at Gorinchem", "5ad28ea7d7d075001a429a50": "1421 to 1904", "5ad28ea7d7d075001a429a51": "", "5ad28ea7d7d075001a429a52": "1421", "5ad28ea7d7d075001a429a53": "", "5ad28ea7d7d075001a429a54": "1421", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcd": "dammed", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbce": "drainage channels", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcf": "Delta Works", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbd0": "Delta Works", "5ad2909bd7d075001a429a9e": "", "5ad2909bd7d075001a429a9f": "", "5ad2909bd7d075001a429aa0": "", "5ad2909bd7d075001a429aa1": "Rhine", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869b": "tidal delta", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869c": "", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869d": "", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869e": "", "5ad292f0d7d075001a429ad4": "", "5ad292f0d7d075001a429ad5": "", "5ad292f0d7d075001a429ad6": "", "5ad292f0d7d075001a429ad7": "", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbe9": "Tethys", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbea": "", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbeb": "180 MBP, in the Jurassic Period,", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbec": "Mediterranean geography:", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbed": "", "5ad295d4d7d075001a429afa": "", "5ad295d4d7d075001a429afb": "", "5ad295d4d7d075001a429afc": "", "5ad295d4d7d075001a429afd": "", "5ad295d4d7d075001a429afe": "", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b7": "", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b8": "", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b9": "", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686ba": "", "5ad297dbd7d075001a429b2a": "", "5ad297dbd7d075001a429b2b": "", "5ad297dbd7d075001a429b2c": "", "5ad297dbd7d075001a429b2d": "", "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef0": "stream capture", "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef1": "Pliocene", "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef2": "", "5ad2990cd7d075001a429b5e": "stream capture", "5ad2990cd7d075001a429b5f": "", "5ad2990cd7d075001a429b60": "", "5ad2990cd7d075001a429b61": "", "5ad2990cd7d075001a429b62": "", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc15": "", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc16": "six", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc17": "120 m (390 ft)", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc18": "northwest", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc19": "offshore of Brest, France", "5ad29b43d7d075001a429bca": "11,600 years ago", "5ad29b43d7d075001a429bcb": "", "5ad29b43d7d075001a429bcc": "", "5ad29b43d7d075001a429bcd": "", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e5": "~74,000", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e6": "Pleistocene", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e7": "west", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e8": "", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e9": "", "5ad29d35d7d075001a429c12": "", "5ad29d35d7d075001a429c13": "", "5ad29d35d7d075001a429c14": "", "5ad29d35d7d075001a429c15": "", "5ad29d35d7d075001a429c16": "", "572fff45947a6a140053cf26": "glacier", "572fff45947a6a140053cf27": "", "572fff45947a6a140053cf28": "ca. 22,000\u201314,000 yr BP,", "572fff45947a6a140053cf29": "ice-sheets", "572fff45947a6a140053cf2a": "loess", "5ad29f7ed7d075001a429c72": "a glacier", "5ad29f7ed7d075001a429c73": "", "5ad29f7ed7d075001a429c74": "", "5ad29f7ed7d075001a429c75": "", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76fef": "", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff0": "thaw", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff1": "Rhine", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff2": "", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff3": "9000 BP,", "5ad2a15ad7d075001a429cc8": "", "5ad2a15ad7d075001a429cc9": "", "5ad2a15ad7d075001a429cca": "", "5ad2a15ad7d075001a429ccb": "Meltwater,", "573003dd947a6a140053cf42": "7500 yr ago", "573003dd947a6a140053cf43": "", "573003dd947a6a140053cf44": "7000 years", "573003dd947a6a140053cf45": "", "573003dd947a6a140053cf46": "", "5ad2a3b3d7d075001a429d5a": "", "5ad2a3b3d7d075001a429d5b": "", "5ad2a3b3d7d075001a429d5c": "", "5ad2a3b3d7d075001a429d5d": "", "5ad2a3b3d7d075001a429d5e": "", "5730042804bcaa1900d77011": "~11,700 years ago", "5730042804bcaa1900d77012": "Late-Glacial valley.", "5730042804bcaa1900d77013": "", "5730042804bcaa1900d77014": "~8,000 years ago", "5ad2a58bd7d075001a429dcc": "", "5ad2a58bd7d075001a429dcd": "", "5ad2a58bd7d075001a429dce": "", "5ad2a58bd7d075001a429dcf": "~11,700 years ago", "57300580b2c2fd140056874d": "peat mining", "57300580b2c2fd140056874e": "", "57300580b2c2fd140056874f": "", "57300580b2c2fd1400568750": "80", "57300580b2c2fd1400568751": "", "5ad2a71ad7d075001a429e02": "~3000 yr BP", "5ad2a71ad7d075001a429e03": "", "5ad2a71ad7d075001a429e04": "", "5ad2a71ad7d075001a429e05": "", "5ad2a71ad7d075001a429e06": "", "5730069004bcaa1900d7702d": "the North Sea,", "5730069004bcaa1900d7702e": "", "5730069004bcaa1900d7702f": "to the north", "5730069004bcaa1900d77030": "freshwater lake", "5730069004bcaa1900d77031": "three", "5ad2a901d7d075001a429e28": "", "5ad2a901d7d075001a429e29": "1932", "5ad2a901d7d075001a429e2a": "", "5ad2a901d7d075001a429e2b": "", "5ad2a901d7d075001a429e2c": "", "57300761947a6a140053cf9a": "1st century BC", "57300761947a6a140053cf9b": "Germania.", "57300761947a6a140053cf9c": "6th century BC,", "57300761947a6a140053cf9d": "fluvius Galliae,", "5ad2afe2d7d075001a429f1a": "", "5ad2afe2d7d075001a429f1b": "Gaul and Germania.", "5ad2afe2d7d075001a429f1c": "", "5ad2afe2d7d075001a429f1d": "8.727", "573007fab2c2fd140056876b": "AD 14", "573007fab2c2fd140056876c": "Rhine and upper Danube.", "573007fab2c2fd140056876d": "the empire fell", "573007fab2c2fd140056876e": "easily", "573007fab2c2fd140056876f": "eastwards", "5ad2b1e1d7d075001a429f68": "AD 14", "5ad2b1e1d7d075001a429f69": "Frankfurt,", "5ad2b1e1d7d075001a429f6a": "", "5ad2b1e1d7d075001a429f6b": "AD 70,", "5ad2b1e1d7d075001a429f6c": "Germanic", "57300888b2c2fd1400568775": "eight", "57300888b2c2fd1400568776": "whether a state or threat of war existed", "57300888b2c2fd1400568777": "(Pannonian troops);", "57300888b2c2fd1400568778": "Colonia Agrippina,", "57300888b2c2fd1400568779": "(\"town of the Ubii\"),", "5ad2b3bcd7d075001a429fa4": "eight legions in five", "5ad2b3bcd7d075001a429fa5": "AD 14 and 180,", "5ad2b3bcd7d075001a429fa6": "eight", "5ad2b3bcd7d075001a429fa7": "Galatian", "5ad2b3bcd7d075001a429fa8": "", "57300911947a6a140053cfb6": "the Migration period,", "57300911947a6a140053cfb7": "Francia", "57300911947a6a140053cfb8": "", "57300911947a6a140053cfb9": "Siegfried", "57300911947a6a140053cfba": "Hagen.", "5ad2b5ddd7d075001a429ff2": "", "5ad2b5ddd7d075001a429ff3": "", "5ad2b5ddd7d075001a429ff4": "", "5ad2b5ddd7d075001a429ff5": "", "5ad2b5ddd7d075001a429ff6": "", "573009a004bcaa1900d7704f": "9th", "573009a004bcaa1900d77050": "10th century", "573009a004bcaa1900d77051": "Lower Lorraine.", "573009a004bcaa1900d77052": "Archduke Sigismund of Austria", "573009a004bcaa1900d77053": "1469", "5ad2b72fd7d075001a42a022": "", "5ad2b72fd7d075001a42a023": "", "5ad2b72fd7d075001a42a024": "", "5ad2b72fd7d075001a42a025": "1469", "5ad2b72fd7d075001a42a026": "", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc97": "Peace of Westphalia,", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc98": "Establishing \"natural borders\"", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc99": "Napoleon,", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9a": "1806", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9b": "1840", "5ad2b882d7d075001a42a040": "", "5ad2b882d7d075001a42a041": "", "5ad2b882d7d075001a42a042": "1806", "5ad2b882d7d075001a42a043": "1814", "5ad2b882d7d075001a42a044": "", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77063": "At the end of World War I,", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77064": "1930", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77065": "German army", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77066": "Adolf Hitler's rise to power.", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77067": "1936", "5ad2ba09d7d075001a42a064": "", "5ad2ba09d7d075001a42a065": "", "5ad2ba09d7d075001a42a066": "", "5ad2ba09d7d075001a42a067": "1936", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77087": "crossing the Rhine at Remagen,", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77088": "a formidable natural obstacle", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77089": "", "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708a": "", "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708b": "Seven Days to the River Rhine", "5ad2bb5fd7d075001a42a080": "", "5ad2bb5fd7d075001a42a081": "", "5ad2bb5fd7d075001a42a082": "", "5ad2bb5fd7d075001a42a083": "", "5ad2bb5fd7d075001a42a084": "", "57300c67947a6a140053cff0": "1,230 kilometres", "57300c67947a6a140053cff1": "the German encyclopedia Knaurs Lexikon", "57300c67947a6a140053cff2": "", "57300c67947a6a140053cff3": "", "57300c68947a6a140053cff4": "2010", "5ad2bcdfd7d075001a42a0ae": "", "5ad2bcdfd7d075001a42a0af": "", "5ad2bcdfd7d075001a42a0b0": "", "5ad2bcdfd7d075001a42a0b1": "", "5ad2bcdfd7d075001a42a0b2": "1,230 kilometres", "572fac17947a6a140053cb54": "Scotland Act 1998,", "572fac17947a6a140053cb55": "Scotland Act 1998,", "572fac17947a6a140053cb56": "the areas", "572fac17947a6a140053cb57": "Parliament of the United Kingdom.", "572fac17947a6a140053cb58": "Westminster.", "5ad0213377cf76001a686b0c": "", "5ad0213377cf76001a686b0d": "", "5ad0213377cf76001a686b0e": "", "5ad0213377cf76001a686b0f": "", "5ad0213377cf76001a686b10": "", "572facb0a23a5019007fc863": "Parliament of Scotland", "572facb0a23a5019007fc864": "three", "572facb0a23a5019007fc865": "the outbreak of the First World War.", "572facb0a23a5019007fc866": "late 1960s", "572facb0a23a5019007fc867": "Scottish Assembly", "5ad0225377cf76001a686b3e": "Parliament of Scotland", "5ad0225377cf76001a686b3f": "Suggestions for a 'devolved' Parliament", "5ad0225377cf76001a686b40": "", "5ad0225377cf76001a686b41": "", "5ad0225377cf76001a686b42": "1973", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86d": "North Sea", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86e": "", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86f": "", "572fad30a23a5019007fc870": "1974", "572fad30a23a5019007fc871": "1978", "5ad0247477cf76001a686b90": "", "5ad0247477cf76001a686b91": "", "5ad0247477cf76001a686b92": "1978", "5ad0247477cf76001a686b93": "oil", "572fadcbb2c2fd1400568329": "Edinburgh", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832a": "", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832b": "", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832c": "", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832d": "32.9%", "5ad025df77cf76001a686ba2": "", "5ad025df77cf76001a686ba3": "", "5ad025df77cf76001a686ba4": "", "5ad025df77cf76001a686ba5": "", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76bdf": "a Scottish Parliament", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be0": "Conservative Party,", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be1": "1989", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be2": "the Convention", "5ad026a777cf76001a686bc8": "", "5ad026a777cf76001a686bc9": "", "5ad026a777cf76001a686bca": "pressure group", "5ad026a777cf76001a686bcb": "", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568333": "Scottish Parliament Building,", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568334": "Enric Miralles", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568335": "Spanish", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568336": "leaf-shaped", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568337": "Queen Elizabeth II", "5ad0278077cf76001a686be4": "", "5ad0278077cf76001a686be5": "", "5ad0278077cf76001a686be6": "Garden Lobby,", "5ad0278077cf76001a686be7": "9 October 2004.", "5ad0278077cf76001a686be8": "Scottish Parliament", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568347": "General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland on the Royal Mile in Edinburgh.", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568348": "", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568349": "the meeting of the Church's General Assembly.", "572faf74b2c2fd140056834a": "University of Aberdeen", "572faf74b2c2fd140056834b": "University of Aberdeen", "5ad0285977cf76001a686c0c": "Edinburgh.", "5ad0285977cf76001a686c0d": "Official photographs and television interviews", "5ad0285977cf76001a686c0e": "", "5ad0285977cf76001a686c0f": "", "572fb059947a6a140053cb80": "City of Edinburgh Council.", "572fb059947a6a140053cb81": "Lothian Regional Council", "572fb059947a6a140053cb82": "demolished", "572fb059947a6a140053cb83": "Parliament Square,", "572fb059947a6a140053cb84": "", "5ad0291f77cf76001a686c28": "the MSP's offices.", "5ad0291f77cf76001a686c29": "", "5ad0291f77cf76001a686c2a": "", "5ad0291f77cf76001a686c2b": "", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c15": "one MSP", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c16": "Tricia Marwick),", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c17": "secret ballot of the 129 MSPs,", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c18": "two", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c19": "A vote clerk", "5ad02a9777cf76001a686c5e": "", "5ad02a9777cf76001a686c5f": "", "5ad02a9777cf76001a686c60": "", "5ad02a9777cf76001a686c61": "Tricia Marwick),", "5ad02a9777cf76001a686c62": "", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f7": "", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f8": "Parliamentary Bureau,", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f9": "five", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8fa": "The Presiding Officer", "5ad02bef77cf76001a686ca2": "", "5ad02bef77cf76001a686ca3": "", "5ad02bef77cf76001a686ca4": "", "5ad02bef77cf76001a686ca5": "The Presiding Officer", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5b": "a hemicycle", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5c": "a hemicycle", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5d": "131", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5e": "2", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5f": "", "5ad02cfc77cf76001a686ce2": "", "5ad02cfc77cf76001a686ce3": "", "5ad02cfc77cf76001a686ce4": "", "5ad02cfc77cf76001a686ce5": "Law officers", "5ad02cfc77cf76001a686ce6": "", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc937": "silver", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc938": "Scottish rivers", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc939": "Wisdom, Compassion, Justice and Integrity.", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93a": "", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93b": "glass case suspended from the lid", "5ad02de677cf76001a686d1e": "", "5ad02de677cf76001a686d1f": "", "5ad02de677cf76001a686d20": "", "5ad02de677cf76001a686d21": "", "5ad02de677cf76001a686d22": "", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c73": "", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c74": "", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c75": "the public", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c76": "", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c77": "Official Report,", "5ad02e6777cf76001a686d44": "Parliament", "5ad02e6777cf76001a686d45": "", "5ad02e6777cf76001a686d46": "", "5ad02e6777cf76001a686d47": "", "5ad02e6777cf76001a686d48": "", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95d": "", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95e": "up to four minutes", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95f": "religious beliefs", "572fc043a23a5019007fc960": "Presiding Officer", "572fc043a23a5019007fc961": "direct representations", "5ad02f4977cf76001a686d72": "", "5ad02f4977cf76001a686d73": "Time for Reflection,", "5ad02f4977cf76001a686d74": "Time for Reflection,", "5ad02f4977cf76001a686d75": "Presiding Officer", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc80": "The Presiding Officer", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc81": "", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc82": "", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc83": "ministers or party leaders", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc84": "", "5ad02fdf77cf76001a686d98": "", "5ad02fdf77cf76001a686d99": "ministers or party leaders", "5ad02fdf77cf76001a686d9a": "", "5ad02fdf77cf76001a686d9b": "", "5ad02fdf77cf76001a686d9c": "a large number of members wish to participate in the debate", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccb": "5 pm", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccc": "\"Decision Time\"", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccd": "", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76cce": "by means of electronic consoles on their desks", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccf": "seconds", "5ad0309377cf76001a686dbe": "", "5ad0309377cf76001a686dbf": "", "5ad0309377cf76001a686dc0": "", "5ad0309377cf76001a686dc1": "", "5ad0309377cf76001a686dc2": "", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8a": "most votes", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8b": "political parties", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8c": "whips", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8d": "", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8e": "moral issues", "5ad0313b77cf76001a686dd2": "", "5ad0313b77cf76001a686dd3": "", "5ad0313b77cf76001a686dd4": "", "5ad0313b77cf76001a686dd5": "", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568447": "", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568448": "45 minutes", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568449": "", "572fc659b2c2fd140056844a": "other members", "572fc659b2c2fd140056844b": "", "5ad031cf77cf76001a686dea": "Decision Time", "5ad031cf77cf76001a686deb": "", "5ad031cf77cf76001a686dec": "", "5ad031cf77cf76001a686ded": "Members Business", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf5": "in committee", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf6": "", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf7": "there is no revising chamber", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf8": "", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf9": "", "5ad0327377cf76001a686e04": "", "5ad0327377cf76001a686e05": "", "5ad0327377cf76001a686e06": "", "5ad0327377cf76001a686e07": "", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d07": "MSPs,", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d08": "balance of parties across Parliament.", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d09": "their functions", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0a": "Mandatory Committees", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0b": "fourth Session", "5ad0392577cf76001a686e4e": "", "5ad0392577cf76001a686e4f": "", "5ad0392577cf76001a686e50": "the Scottish Parliament's standing orders,", "5ad0392577cf76001a686e51": "", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d11": "at the beginning of each parliamentary session", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d12": "one", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d13": "", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d14": "", "5ad039be77cf76001a686e5e": "Subject Committees", "5ad039be77cf76001a686e5f": "", "5ad039be77cf76001a686e60": "", "5ad039be77cf76001a686e61": "ministries", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d1f": "", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d20": "large-scale development projects", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d21": "", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d22": "Private Bill Committees", "5ad03aa977cf76001a686e88": "", "5ad03aa977cf76001a686e89": "development projects", "5ad03aa977cf76001a686e8a": "", "5ad03aa977cf76001a686e8b": "A further type of committee", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568473": "The Scotland Act 1998,", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568474": "Queen Elizabeth II", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568475": "the devolved competencies", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568476": "Parliament of the United Kingdom", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568477": "the Parliament", "5ad03b2777cf76001a686e98": "", "5ad03b2777cf76001a686e99": "", "5ad03b2777cf76001a686e9a": "", "5ad03b2777cf76001a686e9b": "", "5ad03b2777cf76001a686e9c": "", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f1": "", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f2": "the Scottish Parliament.", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f3": "", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f4": "up to 3 pence in the pound", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f5": "2012 Act", "5ad03c2977cf76001a686eb4": "", "5ad03c2977cf76001a686eb5": "", "5ad03c2977cf76001a686eb6": "", "5ad03c2977cf76001a686eb7": "", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847d": "Reserved", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847e": "", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847f": "employment", "572fcc43b2c2fd1400568480": "", "5ad03cd377cf76001a686ec4": "outside the legislative competence of the Scotland Parliament.", "5ad03cd377cf76001a686ec5": "", "5ad03cd377cf76001a686ec6": "Ministerial", "5ad03cd377cf76001a686ec7": "Reserved matters", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccda": "", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdb": "the Scottish Government", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdc": "", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdd": "outside proposer", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccde": "in a number of stages", "5ad03e5077cf76001a686ed4": "", "5ad03e5077cf76001a686ed5": "", "5ad03e5077cf76001a686ed6": "", "5ad03e5077cf76001a686ed7": "", "572fce12a23a5019007fca11": "Stage 1", "572fce13a23a5019007fca12": "", "572fce13a23a5019007fca13": "whether the bill is within the legislative competence of the Parliament.", "572fce13a23a5019007fca14": "the relevant committee or committees", "572fce13a23a5019007fca15": "Stage 2.", "5ad03efa77cf76001a686edc": "", "5ad03efa77cf76001a686edd": "", "5ad03efa77cf76001a686ede": "", "5ad03efa77cf76001a686edf": "", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd02": "Stage 3", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd03": "two", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd04": "final vote", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd05": "", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd06": "Decision Time", "5ad03f8077cf76001a686ee4": "", "5ad03f8077cf76001a686ee5": "", "5ad03f8077cf76001a686ee6": "", "5ad03f8077cf76001a686ee7": "", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684a9": "", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684aa": "", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ab": "", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ac": "Supreme Court of the United Kingdom", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ad": "", "5ad0403c77cf76001a686eec": "", "5ad0403c77cf76001a686eed": "", "5ad0403c77cf76001a686eee": "", "5ad0403c77cf76001a686eef": "", "5ad0403c77cf76001a686ef0": "", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca55": "The", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca56": "First Minister", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca57": "", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca58": "", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca59": "the Sovereign.", "5ad040d977cf76001a686ef6": "", "5ad040d977cf76001a686ef7": "", "5ad040d977cf76001a686ef8": "", "5ad040d977cf76001a686ef9": "ministers", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76d9f": "May", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da0": "first Thursday in May", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da1": "", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da2": "", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da3": "", "5ad0415577cf76001a686f04": "", "5ad0415577cf76001a686f05": "", "5ad0415577cf76001a686f06": "", "5ad0415577cf76001a686f07": "", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd32": "Several procedures", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd33": "", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd34": "", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd35": "", "5ad041c477cf76001a686f0c": "", "5ad041c477cf76001a686f0d": "", "5ad041c477cf76001a686f0e": "leaders of the opposition parties and other MSPs question the First Minister", "5ad041c477cf76001a686f0f": "", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3a": "Parliamentary time", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3b": "Thursday", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3c": "any member of the Scottish Government.", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3d": "", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3e": "four", "5ad0426c77cf76001a686f1c": "", "5ad0426c77cf76001a686f1d": "", "5ad0426c77cf76001a686f1e": "", "5ad0426c77cf76001a686f1f": "Opposition leaders", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684f9": "55,000", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fa": "one", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fb": "2005", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fc": "55,000", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fd": "their dispersed population and distance from the Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh.", "5ad0431077cf76001a686f2e": "73", "5ad0431077cf76001a686f2f": "", "5ad0431077cf76001a686f30": "", "5ad0431077cf76001a686f31": "", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850b": "", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850c": "d'Hondt", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850d": "quotient", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850e": "", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850f": "", "5ad043a977cf76001a686f36": "", "5ad043a977cf76001a686f37": "", "5ad043a977cf76001a686f38": "d'Hondt", "5ad043a977cf76001a686f39": "", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851d": "", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851e": "1981", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851f": "over the age of 18", "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568520": "Members of the police and the armed forces", "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568521": "Mental Health (Care and Treatment) (Scotland) Act 2003.", "5ad0440a77cf76001a686f48": "", "5ad0440a77cf76001a686f49": "MSP.", "5ad0440a77cf76001a686f4a": "", "5ad0440a77cf76001a686f4b": "", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dd9": "a party has commanded a parliamentary majority", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dda": "Labour,", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddb": "", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddc": "", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddd": "Scottish independence.", "5ad0447f77cf76001a686f50": "16", "5ad0447f77cf76001a686f51": "", "5ad0447f77cf76001a686f52": "151", "5ad0447f77cf76001a686f53": "Liberal Democrats", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca93": "", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca94": "", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca95": "", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca96": "Annabel Goldie", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca97": "", "5ad044f977cf76001a686f60": "", "5ad044f977cf76001a686f61": "", "5ad044f977cf76001a686f62": "", "5ad044f977cf76001a686f63": "", "5ad044f977cf76001a686f64": "", "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9d": "", "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9e": "", "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9f": "West Lothian question", "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa0": "Conservative", "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa1": "England.", "5ad0457b77cf76001a686f6a": "", "5ad0457b77cf76001a686f6b": "", "5ad0457b77cf76001a686f6c": "", "5ad0457b77cf76001a686f6d": "", "572ff626947a6a140053ce8e": "Islamism, also known as Political Islam", "572ff626947a6a140053ce8f": "all spheres", "572ff626947a6a140053ce90": "the reordering of government and society in accordance with the Shari'a.", "572ff626947a6a140053ce91": "two poles", "572ff626947a6a140053ce92": "revolution or invasion", "5acfe40a77cf76001a686390": "", "5acfe40a77cf76001a686391": "", "5acfe40a77cf76001a686392": "", "5acfe40a77cf76001a686393": "", "572ff760b2c2fd1400568677": "", "572ff760b2c2fd1400568678": "Lebanon", "572ff760b2c2fd1400568679": "abolish the state of Israel.", "572ff760b2c2fd140056867a": "democracy", "572ff760b2c2fd140056867b": "religious basis", "5acfe5ce77cf76001a6863ac": "", "5acfe5ce77cf76001a6863ad": "Lebanon", "5acfe5ce77cf76001a6863ae": "", "5acfe5ce77cf76001a6863af": "", "5acfe5ce77cf76001a6863b0": "", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f65": "", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f66": "the Muslim Brotherhood movement and its focus on Islamisation of pan-Arabism", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f67": "\"sharia rather than the building of Islamic institutions,\"", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f68": "democracy", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f69": "to maintain their legitimacy", "5acfe69177cf76001a6863be": "", "5acfe69177cf76001a6863bf": "", "5acfe69177cf76001a6863c0": "", "5acfe69177cf76001a6863c1": "", "5acfe69177cf76001a6863c2": "", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd5": "political", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd6": "Islam,", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd7": "", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd8": "illiberal Islamic regimes,", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd9": "religion from politics", "5acfe6eb77cf76001a6863c8": "", "5acfe6eb77cf76001a6863c9": "", "5acfe6eb77cf76001a6863ca": "", "5acfe6eb77cf76001a6863cb": "illiberal Islamic regimes,", "5acfe6eb77cf76001a6863cc": "", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76f9f": "", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa0": "Americans", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa1": "a historical fluke", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa2": "1945 and 1970", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa3": "Islam,", "5acfe73c77cf76001a6863d2": "", "5acfe73c77cf76001a6863d3": "", "5acfe73c77cf76001a6863d4": "", "5acfe73c77cf76001a6863d5": "1945 and 1970", "5acfe73c77cf76001a6863d6": "", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee6": "", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee7": "dangerous enemies", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee8": "", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee9": "mujahideen Muslim Afghanistan", "572ffbaab2c2fd14005686cd": "experience, ideology, and weapons", "5acfe78477cf76001a6863e6": "", "5acfe78477cf76001a6863e7": "dangerous enemies", "5acfe78477cf76001a6863e8": "", "5acfe78477cf76001a6863e9": "", "5acfe78477cf76001a6863ea": "", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef6": "President Anwar Sadat", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef7": "\"gentlemen's agreement", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef8": "making peace", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef9": "1975", "572ffc99947a6a140053cefa": "released Islamists from prison", "5acfe80877cf76001a6863f0": "President Anwar Sadat", "5acfe80877cf76001a6863f1": "", "5acfe80877cf76001a6863f2": "", "5acfe80877cf76001a6863f3": "1975", "5acfe80877cf76001a6863f4": "released Islamists from prison", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc7": "", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc8": "", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc9": "wars", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fca": "", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fcb": "Saudi-interpretation", "5acfe84677cf76001a686404": "", "5acfe84677cf76001a686405": "", "5acfe84677cf76001a686406": "", "5acfe84677cf76001a686407": "infidels", "5acfe84677cf76001a686408": "", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686ef": "Islamist", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f0": "housing", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f1": "to avoid prohibitively costly dowry demands", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f2": "incompetent, inefficient, or neglectful", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f3": "rhetoric", "5acfe89777cf76001a68640e": "", "5acfe89777cf76001a68640f": "", "5acfe89777cf76001a686410": "", "5acfe89777cf76001a686411": "", "5acfe89777cf76001a686412": "", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf14": "law and philosophy", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf15": "All India Muslim League.", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf16": "1908", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf17": "Indian National Congress.", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf18": "The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam.", "5acfe8e777cf76001a686422": "law and philosophy", "5acfe8e777cf76001a686423": "All India Muslim League.", "5acfe8e777cf76001a686424": "1908", "5acfe8e777cf76001a686425": "", "5acfe8e777cf76001a686426": "The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam.", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686f9": "secularism and secular nationalism", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fa": "crowd out", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fb": "nationalist differences", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fc": "1930", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fd": "Pakistan movement.", "5acfe91c77cf76001a686436": "secularism and secular nationalism", "5acfe91c77cf76001a686437": "crowd out Muslim heritage, culture and political influence.", "5acfe91c77cf76001a686438": "", "5acfe91c77cf76001a686439": "", "5acfe91c77cf76001a68643a": "", "5730005db2c2fd1400568703": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", "5730005db2c2fd1400568704": "journalism", "5730005db2c2fd1400568705": "1941", "57300137b2c2fd1400568717": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", "57300137b2c2fd1400568718": "journalism", "57300137b2c2fd140056871a": "his writing", "57300137b2c2fd140056871b": "modern context", "5acfe95877cf76001a686440": "", "5acfe95877cf76001a686441": "journalism", "5acfe95877cf76001a686442": "1972", "5acfe95877cf76001a686443": "", "5acfe95877cf76001a686444": "", "57300200b2c2fd1400568729": "Sharia,", "57300200b2c2fd140056872a": "an Islamic state.", "57300200b2c2fd140056872b": "(unity of God),", "57300200b2c2fd140056872c": "Islamic", "57300200b2c2fd140056872d": "da'wah", "5acfe99177cf76001a686454": "Sharia,", "5acfe99177cf76001a686455": "Sharia, and Islam required the establishment of an Islamic state.", "5acfe99177cf76001a686456": "(unity of God),", "5acfe99177cf76001a686457": "", "5acfe99177cf76001a686458": "", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77001": "1928", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77002": "1928", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77003": "Hassan al Banna.", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77004": "\"the Qur'an", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77005": "imperialist", "5acfe9d477cf76001a68645e": "", "5acfe9d477cf76001a68645f": "", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4c": "violence", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4d": "1949", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4e": "Mahmud Fami Naqrashi", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4f": "1948", "5730040f947a6a140053cf50": "Gamal Abdul Nasser,", "5acfea0677cf76001a686462": "", "5acfea0677cf76001a686463": "", "5acfea0677cf76001a686464": "", "5acfea0677cf76001a686465": "", "5acfea0677cf76001a686466": "Gamal Abdul Nasser,", "573004bf947a6a140053cf56": "one of the most influential", "573004bf947a6a140053cf57": "\"semi-legal", "573004bf947a6a140053cf58": "field candidates", "573004bf947a6a140053cf59": "75%", "573004bf947a6a140053cf5a": "Mohamed Morsi,", "5acfea4977cf76001a686476": "", "5acfea4977cf76001a686477": "semi-legal", "5acfea4977cf76001a686478": "", "5acfea4977cf76001a686479": "75%", "5acfea4977cf76001a68647a": "", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6a": "quick and decisive defeat of the Arab troops during the Six-Day War by Israeli troops constituted a pivotal event in the Arab Muslim world.", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6b": "a pivotal event", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6c": "economic", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6d": "A steep and steady decline", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6e": "", "5acfea9277cf76001a68648a": "quick and decisive defeat of the Arab troops during the Six-Day War by Israeli troops constituted a pivotal event in the Arab Muslim world.", "5acfea9277cf76001a68648b": "a pivotal event", "5acfea9277cf76001a68648c": "economic", "5acfea9277cf76001a68648d": "A steep and steady decline", "5acfea9277cf76001a68648e": "", "5730088e947a6a140053cfac": "Ali Shariati,", "5730088e947a6a140053cfad": "ideological", "5730088e947a6a140053cfae": "", "5730088e947a6a140053cfaf": "Prophet Mohammad", "5730088e947a6a140053cfb0": "conspiracy", "5acfeae177cf76001a68649e": "", "5acfeae177cf76001a68649f": "", "5acfeae177cf76001a6864a0": "", "5acfeae177cf76001a6864a1": "", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b7": "The Islamic Republic", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b8": "economic", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b9": "Shia terrorist groups", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770ba": "2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict,", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770bb": "President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's", "5acfeb2577cf76001a6864b0": "The Islamic Republic", "5acfeb2577cf76001a6864b1": "economic", "5acfeb2577cf76001a6864b2": "Shia terrorist groups", "5acfeb2577cf76001a6864b3": "", "5acfeb2577cf76001a6864b4": "", "57300ec0947a6a140053d004": "Soviet Union", "57300ec0947a6a140053d005": "Islamic rebellion against an allied Marxist regime", "57300ec0947a6a140053d006": "send aid", "57300ec0947a6a140053d007": "marginal", "57300ec0947a6a140053d008": "16,000 to 35,000", "5acfeb5f77cf76001a6864ba": "Soviet Union", "5acfeb5f77cf76001a6864bb": "suppress an Islamic rebellion against an allied Marxist regime in the Afghan Civil War. The conflict, pitting indigenous impoverished Muslims (mujahideen) against an anti-religious superpower, galvanized thousands of Muslims around the world to send aid and sometimes to go themselves to fight for their faith.", "5acfeb5f77cf76001a6864bc": "", "5acfeb5f77cf76001a6864bd": "marginal", "5acfeb5f77cf76001a6864be": "16,000 to 35,000", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d1": "put an end to Saddam Hussein's occupation of Kuwait.", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d2": "", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d3": "Islamist", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d4": "Saudi", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d5": "a puppet of the west", "5acfeba077cf76001a6864c4": "to put an end to Saddam Hussein's occupation of Kuwait.", "5acfeba077cf76001a6864c5": "", "5acfeba077cf76001a6864c6": "", "5acfeba077cf76001a6864c7": "", "5acfeba077cf76001a6864c8": "", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d7": "conservative Muslims", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d8": "in the kingdom", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d9": "", "573010fab2c2fd14005687da": "Algeria", "573010fab2c2fd14005687db": "", "5acfebe477cf76001a6864d6": "", "5acfebe477cf76001a6864d7": "in the kingdom", "5acfebe477cf76001a6864d8": "", "5acfebe477cf76001a6864d9": "", "5acfebe477cf76001a6864da": "", "573011de04bcaa1900d770f9": "While Qutb's", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fa": "1966", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fb": "the Brotherhood,", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fc": "Fringe or splinter movements", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fd": "1970s", "5acfec2077cf76001a6864f2": "", "5acfec2077cf76001a6864f3": "", "5acfec2077cf76001a6864f4": "", "5acfec2077cf76001a6864f5": "", "5acfec2077cf76001a6864f6": "", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd09": "the Egyptian Islamic Jihad organization", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0a": "1981", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0b": "Muslim states,", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0c": "apostate", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0d": "Muhammad Abd al-Salaam Farag,", "5acfec5577cf76001a6864fc": "", "5acfec5577cf76001a6864fd": "", "5acfec5577cf76001a6864fe": "", "5acfec5577cf76001a6864ff": "", "5acfec5577cf76001a686500": "", "5730131c947a6a140053d052": "", "5730131c947a6a140053d053": "", "5730131c947a6a140053d054": "unsuccessful", "5730131c947a6a140053d055": "2003", "5730131c947a6a140053d056": "", "5acfec9277cf76001a686506": "", "5acfec9277cf76001a686507": "", "5acfec9277cf76001a686508": "", "5acfec9277cf76001a686509": "", "5acfec9277cf76001a68650a": "", "5730208fa23a5019007fcded": "\"quiescent", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdee": "HAMAS", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdef": "", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf0": "Palestine.", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf1": "alcohol", "5acfecc577cf76001a686510": "\"quiescent", "5acfecc577cf76001a686511": "HAMAS", "5acfecc577cf76001a686512": "the destruction of Israel and the establishment of an Islamic state in Palestine.", "5acfecc577cf76001a686513": "", "5acfecc577cf76001a686514": "alcohol", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f7": "Hamas", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f8": "542", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f9": "majority of the seats", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fa": "2007", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fb": "", "5acfed0b77cf76001a686524": "", "5acfed0b77cf76001a686525": "", "5acfed0b77cf76001a686526": "", "5acfed0b77cf76001a686527": "", "5acfed0b77cf76001a686528": "", "57302700a23a5019007fce89": "Islamist", "57302700a23a5019007fce8a": "Hassan al-Turabi.", "57302700a23a5019007fce8b": "", "57302700a23a5019007fce8c": "money from foreign Islamist banking systems,", "57302700a23a5019007fce8d": "the university and military academy", "5acfed5277cf76001a68652e": "Islamist", "5acfed5277cf76001a68652f": "", "5acfed5277cf76001a686530": "", "5acfed5277cf76001a686531": "", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9d": "1985", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9e": "with the help of the military", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9f": "", "573027d6a23a5019007fcea0": "", "573027d6a23a5019007fcea1": "", "5acfed9477cf76001a686540": "", "5acfed9477cf76001a686541": "", "5acfed9477cf76001a686542": "", "5acfed9477cf76001a686543": "", "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726d": "Front Islamique de Salut", "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726e": "1989", "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726f": "Algeria. Founded as a broad Islamist coalition in 1989", "5730285a04bcaa1900d77270": "staying home", "5730285a04bcaa1900d77271": "military coup d'\u00e9tat.", "5acfedc577cf76001a686548": "Front Islamique de Salut", "5acfedc577cf76001a686549": "1989", "5acfedc577cf76001a68654a": "Algeria. Founded as a broad Islamist coalition in 1989", "5acfedc577cf76001a68654b": "women staying home", "5acfedc577cf76001a68654c": "", "573028fa04bcaa1900d77287": "justice and prosperity", "573028fa04bcaa1900d77288": "vicious and destructive", "573028fa04bcaa1900d77289": "poorest countries on earth", "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728a": "1992", "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728b": "80%", "5acfee0a77cf76001a686552": "justice and prosperity", "5acfee0a77cf76001a686553": "", "5acfee0a77cf76001a686554": "poorest countries on earth", "5acfee0a77cf76001a686555": "1992", "5acfee0a77cf76001a686556": "80%", "57302a3aa23a5019007fcecf": "The Taliban", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced0": "neighboring Pakistan.", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced1": "Islamic fundamentalist or neofundamentalist,", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced2": "spreading \"an idealized and systematized version of conservative tribal village customs\" under the label of Sharia", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced3": "Wahhabism,", "5acfee4777cf76001a68655c": "The Taliban", "5acfee4777cf76001a68655d": "", "5acfee4777cf76001a68655e": "Islamic fundamentalist or neofundamentalist,", "5acfee4777cf76001a68655f": "", "5acfee4777cf76001a686560": "", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772af": "July 1977,", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b0": "alcohol and nightclubs", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b1": "Islamism", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b2": "his means of seizing power", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b3": "1988", "5acfee8977cf76001a686566": "", "5acfee8977cf76001a686567": "", "5acfee8977cf76001a686568": "", "5acfee8977cf76001a686569": "his means of seizing power", "5acfee8977cf76001a68656a": "", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689db": "Wahhabi/Salafi jihadist extremist militant group", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dc": "Sunni Arabs", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dd": "a caliphate", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689de": "", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689df": "", "5acfeee177cf76001a686570": "", "5acfeee177cf76001a686571": "", "5acfeee177cf76001a686572": "", "5acfeee177cf76001a686573": "", "5acfeee177cf76001a686574": "", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d7": "2004", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d8": "March 2003", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d9": "March 2011,", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772da": "", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772db": "", "5acfef1b77cf76001a68657a": "", "5acfef1b77cf76001a68657b": "March 2003", "5acfef1b77cf76001a68657c": "", "5acfef1b77cf76001a68657d": "", "57302e45947a6a140053d22e": "different", "57302e45947a6a140053d22f": "", "57302e45947a6a140053d230": "1924", "57302e45947a6a140053d231": "Islamic system,", "57302e45947a6a140053d232": "", "5acfef5477cf76001a686582": "", "5acfef5477cf76001a686583": "", "5acfef5477cf76001a686584": "1924", "5acfef5477cf76001a686585": "", "5acfef5477cf76001a686586": "", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f5": "armed", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f6": "\"ideological struggle\" to change Muslim public opinion,", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f7": "elites who will \"facilitate\" a \"change of the government", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f8": "Egypt,", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f9": "", "5acfef9577cf76001a6865a0": "", "5acfef9577cf76001a6865a1": "to change Muslim public opinion,", "5acfef9577cf76001a6865a2": "", "5acfef9577cf76001a6865a3": "Egypt,", "5acfef9577cf76001a6865a4": "", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77311": "900,000", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77312": "Islamist", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77313": "2007", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77314": "Londonistan.", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77315": "incitement to terrorism", "5acfefcc77cf76001a6865aa": "", "5acfefcc77cf76001a6865ab": "", "5acfefcc77cf76001a6865ac": "", "5acfefcc77cf76001a6865ad": "Londonistan.", "5acfefcc77cf76001a6865ae": "", "57303048947a6a140053d254": "2001", "57303048947a6a140053d255": "", "57303048947a6a140053d256": "", "57303048947a6a140053d257": "George W. Bush administration,", "57303048947a6a140053d258": "", "5acff00c77cf76001a6865b4": "2001", "5acff00c77cf76001a6865b5": "", "5acff00c77cf76001a6865b6": "", "5acff00c77cf76001a6865b7": "", "5acff00c77cf76001a6865b8": "", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c6": "Latin", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c7": "colonization, use of military force", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c9": "Western (and Japanese) political and economic dominance especially in Asia and Africa", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4ca": "technologies and ideas", "5acff36377cf76001a6865ee": "Latin", "5acff36377cf76001a6865ef": "", "5acff36377cf76001a6865f0": "19th and 20th", "5acff36377cf76001a6865f1": "", "5acff36377cf76001a6865f2": "", "573062662461fd1900a9cdf7": "influence through diplomacy or military force", "573062662461fd1900a9cdf8": "\"Formal imperialism\" is defined as \"physical control or full-fledged", "573062662461fd1900a9cdfa": "othering", "573062662461fd1900a9cdfb": "", "5acff3b377cf76001a6865f8": "", "5acff3b377cf76001a6865f9": "", "5acff3b377cf76001a6865fa": "", "5acff3b377cf76001a6865fb": "othering", "5acff3b377cf76001a6865fc": "", "57306797396df919000960ee": "", "57306797396df919000960ef": "informal", "57306797396df919000960f0": "aggressiveness", "57306797396df919000960f1": "", "57306797396df919000960f2": "ownership of private industries", "5acff4b177cf76001a686614": "", "5acff4b177cf76001a686615": "", "5acff4b177cf76001a686616": "aggressiveness", "5acff4b177cf76001a686617": "Informal rule is generally less costly than taking over territories formally.", "5acff4b177cf76001a686618": "", "573081c2069b531400832133": "", "573081c2069b531400832134": "world systems theory", "573081c2069b531400832135": "Lenin", "573081c2069b531400832136": "", "573081c2069b531400832137": "expansion overland, economic and cultural influences spread at least as much by sea", "5acff55577cf76001a68661e": "", "5acff55577cf76001a68661f": "", "5acff55577cf76001a686620": "", "5acff55577cf76001a686621": "", "5acff55577cf76001a686622": "expansion overland, economic and cultural influences spread at least as much by sea", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6d": "colonialism", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6e": "a political focus", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6f": "ideological", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce70": "land empires", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce71": "a person or group of people", "5acff5b077cf76001a686628": "imperialism", "5acff5b077cf76001a686629": "to describe one's superiority, domination and influence upon a person or group of people", "5acff5b077cf76001a68662a": "", "5acff5b077cf76001a68662b": "land empires", "5acff5b077cf76001a68662c": "", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54c": "", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54d": "", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54e": "conquering the other state's lands and therefore increasing its own dominance", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54f": "", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c550": "", "5acff63377cf76001a68665a": "", "5acff63377cf76001a68665b": "", "5acff63377cf76001a68665c": "", "5acff63377cf76001a68665d": "", "5acff63377cf76001a68665e": "", "5730876a396df9190009617a": "defense and justification of empire-building", "5730876a396df9190009617b": "the races which can do this work best, i.e. by the races of highest 'social efficiency", "5730876a396df9190009617c": "imperialism", "5730876a396df9190009617d": "\"Social Darwinism\" and a theory of races", "5730876a396df9190009617e": "", "5acff69e77cf76001a686664": "", "5acff69e77cf76001a686665": "", "5acff69e77cf76001a686666": "", "5acff69e77cf76001a686667": "", "5acff69e77cf76001a686668": "", "573088da069b53140083216b": "", "573088da069b53140083216c": "", "573088da069b53140083216d": "stories.Political", "573088da069b53140083216e": "expansion was necessary for a state\u2019s survival", "573088da069b53140083216f": "served as a space for travellers to share these stories", "5acff6ea77cf76001a686680": "", "5acff6ea77cf76001a686681": "", "5acff6ea77cf76001a686682": "geographers", "5acff6ea77cf76001a686683": "", "5acff6ea77cf76001a686684": "", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c576": "", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c577": "temperate", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c578": "Orientalism", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c579": "uncivilized", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c57a": "superior and the norm", "5acff73377cf76001a68668a": "", "5acff73377cf76001a68668b": "", "5acff73377cf76001a68668c": "Orientalism", "5acff73377cf76001a68668d": "", "5acff73377cf76001a68668e": "superior and the norm", "57308ddc396df919000961a4": "British Empire", "57308ddc396df919000961a5": "", "57308ddc396df919000961a6": "", "57308ddc396df919000961a7": "", "57308ddc396df919000961a8": "", "5ad02ab477cf76001a686c68": "", "5ad02ab477cf76001a686c69": "", "5ad02ab477cf76001a686c6a": "", "5ad02ab477cf76001a686c6b": "", "5ad02ab477cf76001a686c6c": "", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c580": "imaginative geography", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c581": "irrational and backward", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c582": "inferior", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c583": "", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c584": "inferior", "5ad02aff77cf76001a686c7c": "imaginative geography", "5ad02aff77cf76001a686c7d": "irrational and backward", "5ad02aff77cf76001a686c7e": "inferior", "5ad02aff77cf76001a686c7f": "", "5ad02aff77cf76001a686c80": "inferior", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58a": "nineteenth-century maps", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58b": "", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58c": "to denote unknown or unexplored territory", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58d": "", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58e": "", "5ad02be477cf76001a686c9a": "", "5ad02be477cf76001a686c9b": "", "5ad02be477cf76001a686c9c": "nineteenth-century maps", "5ad02be477cf76001a686c9d": "", "573092088ab72b1400f9c594": "Genghis Khan", "573092088ab72b1400f9c595": "Sub-Saharan Africa has also featured dozens of empires that predate the European colonial era, for example the Ethiopian Empire, Oyo Empire, Asante Union, Luba Empire, Lunda Empire, and Mutapa Empire. The Americas during the pre-Columbian era", "573092088ab72b1400f9c596": "Sub-Saharan Africa", "573092088ab72b1400f9c597": "dozens", "573092088ab72b1400f9c598": "Greece,", "5ad02cf577cf76001a686cd8": "", "5ad02cf577cf76001a686cd9": "", "5ad02cf577cf76001a686cda": "", "5ad02cf577cf76001a686cdb": "", "5ad02cf577cf76001a686cdc": "Greece,", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5ae": "soft power", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5af": "", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b0": "", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b1": "Roman", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b2": "bans on foreign popular culture, control of the internet and unauthorised satellite dishes", "5ad02d3077cf76001a686cf6": "", "5ad02d3077cf76001a686cf7": "", "5ad02d3077cf76001a686cf8": "", "5ad02d3077cf76001a686cf9": "", "5ad02d3077cf76001a686cfa": "", "57309446396df919000961b8": "around 1700", "57309446396df919000961b9": "", "57309446396df919000961ba": "thousands of years", "57309446396df919000961bb": "", "57309446396df919000961bc": "", "5ad02de177cf76001a686d14": "", "5ad02de177cf76001a686d15": "", "5ad02de177cf76001a686d16": "", "5ad02de177cf76001a686d17": "around 1700", "5ad02de177cf76001a686d18": "", "57309564069b5314008321a5": "", "57309564069b5314008321a6": "1980", "57309564069b5314008321a7": "historians", "57309564069b5314008321a8": "the world's economy", "57309564069b5314008321a9": "", "5ad02e3377cf76001a686d32": "", "5ad02e3377cf76001a686d33": "", "5ad02e3377cf76001a686d34": "", "5ad02e3377cf76001a686d35": "", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d2": "economic growth", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d3": "colonies", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d4": "mid-18th century", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d5": "political weakness of the Mughal state,", "5ad02e8277cf76001a686d4e": "", "5ad02e8277cf76001a686d4f": "", "5ad02e8277cf76001a686d50": "", "5ad02e8277cf76001a686d51": "", "5ad02e8277cf76001a686d52": "", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dc": "communication", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dd": "deadly explosives", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5de": "machine gun", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5df": "leather shields", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5e0": "Europe", "5ad02ef677cf76001a686d68": "", "5ad02ef677cf76001a686d69": "", "5ad02ef677cf76001a686d6a": "machine gun", "5ad02ef677cf76001a686d6b": "leather shields", "5ad02ef677cf76001a686d6c": "", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e6": "British", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e7": "late 1870s", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e8": "philanthropy", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e9": "", "5ad02f5777cf76001a686d84": "", "5ad02f5777cf76001a686d85": "", "5ad02f5777cf76001a686d86": "", "5ad02f5777cf76001a686d87": "", "5ad02f5777cf76001a686d88": "Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism.", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c600": "aristocracy", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c601": "1872\u20131967", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c602": "United States", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c603": "", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c604": "domestic social reforms", "5ad02fda77cf76001a686d8e": "", "5ad02fda77cf76001a686d8f": "", "5ad02fda77cf76001a686d90": "", "5ad02fda77cf76001a686d91": "", "5ad02fda77cf76001a686d92": "", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60a": "environmental determinism", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60b": "the environment in which they lived", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60c": "less civilized", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60d": "", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60e": "orientalism and tropicality", "5ad0301577cf76001a686db4": "", "5ad0301577cf76001a686db5": "", "5ad0301577cf76001a686db6": "less civilized", "5ad0301577cf76001a686db7": "", "5ad0301577cf76001a686db8": "orientalism and tropicality", "5730a314069b5314008321eb": "geographic scholars under colonizing empires", "5730a314069b5314008321ec": "Mid-Atlantic", "5730a314069b5314008321ed": "guidance and intervention", "5730a314069b5314008321ee": "orientalism", "5730a314069b5314008321ef": "colonizing empires", "5ad0312677cf76001a686dc8": "", "5ad0312677cf76001a686dc9": "", "5ad0312677cf76001a686dca": "", "5ad0312677cf76001a686dcb": "", "5ad0312677cf76001a686dcc": "", "5730a40f396df91900096234": "sixteenth century", "5730a40f396df91900096235": "1599", "5730a40f396df91900096236": "Queen Elizabeth", "5730a40f396df91900096237": "political activity caused exploitation of the East India Company causing the plundering of the local economy, almost bringing the company into bankruptcy.", "5730a40f396df91900096238": "Portuguese", "5ad0316177cf76001a686dda": "sixteenth century", "5ad0316177cf76001a686ddb": "", "5ad0316177cf76001a686ddc": "", "5ad0316177cf76001a686ddd": "", "5ad0316177cf76001a686dde": "", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf29": "1830", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2a": "after 1850", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2b": "North and West Africa,", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2c": "1850", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2d": "French", "5ad031ef77cf76001a686df2": "1830", "5ad031ef77cf76001a686df3": "1850", "5ad031ef77cf76001a686df4": "", "5ad031ef77cf76001a686df5": "1850", "5ad031ef77cf76001a686df6": "French", "5730a951069b531400832213": "civilize the inferior", "5730a951069b531400832214": "", "5730a951069b531400832215": "small minority", "5730a951069b531400832216": "Christianity and French culture.", "5730a951069b531400832217": "Britain,", "5ad0322877cf76001a686dfc": "", "5ad0322877cf76001a686dfd": "", "5ad0322877cf76001a686dfe": "", "5ad0322877cf76001a686dff": "Christianity and French culture.", "5730aa52069b53140083221d": "", "5730aa52069b53140083221e": "anti-colonial movements", "5730aa52069b53140083221f": "Vietnam", "5730aa52069b531400832220": "Algeria,", "5730aa52069b531400832221": "1960", "5ad032b377cf76001a686e0c": "", "5ad032b377cf76001a686e0d": "anti-colonial movements", "5ad032b377cf76001a686e0e": "", "5ad032b377cf76001a686e0f": "", "5ad032b377cf76001a686e10": "", "5730ab63396df91900096260": "Scandinavia and northern Europe,", "5730ab63396df91900096261": "", "5730ab63396df91900096262": "late antiquity", "5730ab63396df91900096263": "", "5730ab63396df91900096264": "central Europe.", "5ad0354e77cf76001a686e1e": "", "5ad0354e77cf76001a686e1f": "", "5ad0354e77cf76001a686e20": "", "5ad0354e77cf76001a686e21": "", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf73": "", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf74": "1862", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf75": "Franco-German War,", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf76": "Europe", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf77": "Napoleon,", "5ad035bd77cf76001a686e26": "", "5ad035bd77cf76001a686e27": "1862\u201390", "5ad035bd77cf76001a686e28": "", "5ad035bd77cf76001a686e29": "", "5ad035bd77cf76001a686e2a": "", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c682": "Friedrichsruh.", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c683": "public opinion had started to demand colonies for reasons of German prestige.", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c684": "German New Guinea", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c685": "Africa", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c686": "Hamburg merchants and traders,", "5ad0383677cf76001a686e38": "Friedrichsruh.", "5ad0383677cf76001a686e39": "public opinion had started to demand colonies for reasons of German prestige.", "5ad0383677cf76001a686e3a": "German New Guinea", "5ad0383677cf76001a686e3b": "Hamburg merchants and traders,", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa3": "1905", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa4": "Japan took part of Sakhalin Island from Russia.", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa5": "Manchuria", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa6": "Thailand,", "5ad0388377cf76001a686e40": "", "5ad0388377cf76001a686e41": "", "5ad0388377cf76001a686e42": "", "5ad0388377cf76001a686e43": "", "5730b255396df919000962b0": "The Soviet Union and the People\u2019s Republic of China", "5730b255396df919000962b1": "1932", "5730b255396df919000962b2": "Lenin", "5730b255396df919000962b3": "Eastern Europe.", "5730b255396df919000962b4": "Bolshevik leaders", "5ad0391f77cf76001a686e48": "The Soviet Union and the People\u2019s Republic of China", "5ad0391f77cf76001a686e49": "to support non-Russians develop their national cultures within a socialist framework.", "5ad0391f77cf76001a686e4a": "", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc5": "Trotsky,", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc6": "Lenin", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc7": "'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union,", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc8": "Nikita Khrushchev", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc9": "Mao Zedong", "5ad039ec77cf76001a686e66": "", "5ad039ec77cf76001a686e67": "", "5ad039ec77cf76001a686e68": "'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union,", "5730b541396df919000962c2": "mercantilism", "5730b541396df919000962c3": "1815", "5730b541396df919000962c4": "", "5730b541396df919000962c5": "free trade", "5730b541396df919000962c6": "1815", "5ad03a1a77cf76001a686e6c": "", "5ad03a1a77cf76001a686e6d": "", "5ad03a1a77cf76001a686e6e": "1776", "5ad03a1a77cf76001a686e6f": "", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfcf": "The British Empire", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd0": "", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd1": "Asia", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd2": "", "5ad03a3e77cf76001a686e74": "", "5ad03a3e77cf76001a686e75": "pseudo-sciences", "5ad03a3e77cf76001a686e76": "Asia", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c3": "\"make the world safe for democracy", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c4": "", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c5": "Philippines and Cuba.", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c6": "a war erupted in the Philippines causing business, labor and government leaders in the US to condemn America's occupation in the Philippines as they also denounced them for causing the deaths of many Filipinos.", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c7": "racket", "5ad03a6b77cf76001a686e7a": "\"make the world safe for democracy", "5ad03a6b77cf76001a686e7b": "", "5ad03a6b77cf76001a686e7c": "", "5ad03a6b77cf76001a686e7d": "", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c704": "Isiah Bowman.", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c705": "", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c706": "President Wilson and the American delegation from the Paris Peace Conference.", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c707": "U.S authorship of a 'new world'", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c708": "Isiah Bowman.", "5ad03a8a77cf76001a686e82": "", "5ad03a8a77cf76001a686e83": "", "5ad03a8a77cf76001a686e84": "", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d011": "internal strife", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d012": "", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d013": "12 to 15 million", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d015": "Orient,", "5ad03b0b77cf76001a686e90": "", "5ad03b0b77cf76001a686e91": "", "5ad03b0b77cf76001a686e92": "", "5ad03b0b77cf76001a686e93": "imperialism or colonialism", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73c": "1923", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73d": "Suleiman the Magnificent,", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73e": "32", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73f": "Horn of Africa.", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c740": "16th and 17th centuries", "5ad03b4677cf76001a686ea2": "1299", "5ad03b4677cf76001a686ea3": "Suleiman the Magnificent,", "5ad03b4677cf76001a686ea4": "", "5ad03b4677cf76001a686ea5": "Horn of Africa.", "5730bd00069b5314008322d7": "Istanbul", "5730bd00069b5314008322d9": "Germany", "5730bd00069b5314008322da": "Turkey", "5730bd00069b5314008322db": "World War I,", "5ad03b7977cf76001a686eaa": "", "5ad03b7977cf76001a686eab": "", "5ad03b7977cf76001a686eac": "Germany", "5ad03b7977cf76001a686ead": "", "5ad03b7977cf76001a686eae": "World War I,", "5732b6b5328d981900602021": "Warsaw", "5732b6b5328d981900602022": "Vistula River", "5732b6b5328d981900602023": "260 kilometres (160 mi) from the Baltic Sea and 300 kilometres", "5732b6b5328d981900602024": "2.666 million", "5732b6b5328d981900602025": "9th", "5ad4bbbb5b96ef001a109e88": "Warszawa", "5ad4bbbb5b96ef001a109e89": "Warsaw", "5ad4bbbb5b96ef001a109e8a": "Vistula River", "5ad4bbbb5b96ef001a109e8b": "1.740 million", "5ad4bbbb5b96ef001a109e8c": "9th", "573312fcd058e614000b56e6": "Economist Intelligence Unit", "573312fcd058e614000b56e7": "2012", "573312fcd058e614000b56e8": "FMCG manufacturing, metal processing, steel and electronic manufacturing and food processing.", "573312fcd058e614000b56e9": "The Warsaw Stock Exchange", "573312fcd058e614000b56ea": "Frontex,", "5ad4bcc45b96ef001a109e9c": "", "5ad4bcc45b96ef001a109e9d": "FMCG manufacturing, metal processing, steel and electronic manufacturing and food processing.", "5ad4bcc45b96ef001a109e9e": "The Warsaw Stock Exchange", "5ad4bcc45b96ef001a109e9f": "", "5ad4bcc45b96ef001a109ea0": "Frontex,", "5733140a4776f419006606e0": "1313", "5733140a4776f419006606e1": "Krak\u00f3w", "5733140a4776f419006606e2": "1918", "5733140a4776f419006606e3": "King Sigismund III Vasa", "5733140a4776f419006606e4": "it has survived many wars, conflicts and invasions throughout its long history", "5ad4bdbd5b96ef001a109ed8": "1313", "5ad4bdbd5b96ef001a109ed9": "Krak\u00f3w", "5ad4bdbd5b96ef001a109eda": "1918", "5ad4bdbd5b96ef001a109edb": "King Sigismund III Vasa", "5ad4bdbd5b96ef001a109edc": "it has survived many wars, conflicts and invasions throughout its long history", "573314e3d058e614000b56f0": "Roman Catholic", "573314e3d058e614000b56f1": "Polish Academy of Sciences and the University of Warsaw,", "573314e3d058e614000b56f2": "UNESCO World Heritage Site.", "573314e3d058e614000b56f3": "architectural", "573314e3d058e614000b56f4": "luxurious parks and royal gardens", "5ad510be5b96ef001a10ab56": "Roman Catholic", "5ad510be5b96ef001a10ab57": "UNESCO World Heritage Site.", "5ad510be5b96ef001a10ab58": "luxurious parks and royal gardens", "5ad510be5b96ef001a10ab59": "Polish Academy of Sciences and the University of Warsaw,", "5ad510be5b96ef001a10ab5a": "architectural", "57332442d058e614000b5720": "Warszawa,", "57332442d058e614000b5721": "\"belonging to Warsz\",", "57332442d058e614000b5722": "12th/13th-century nobleman", "57332442d058e614000b5723": "a village", "57332442d058e614000b5724": "miasto sto\u0142eczne Warszawa", "5ad50bb95b96ef001a10aaae": "Warszawa,", "5ad50bb95b96ef001a10aaaf": "\"belonging to Warsz\",", "5ad50bb95b96ef001a10aab0": "12th/13th-century nobleman", "5ad50bb95b96ef001a10aab1": "a village", "5ad50bb95b96ef001a10aab2": "miasto sto\u0142eczne Warszawa", "57332562d058e614000b5730": "Jazd\u00f3w", "57332562d058e614000b5731": "Boles\u0142aw II of Masovia,", "57332562d058e614000b5732": "1300", "57332562d058e614000b5733": "1413", "57332562d058e614000b5734": "1526", "5ad4bea25b96ef001a109ef6": "Boles\u0142aw II of Masovia,", "5ad4bea25b96ef001a109ef7": "1300", "5ad4bea25b96ef001a109ef8": "Jazd\u00f3w", "5ad4bea25b96ef001a109ef9": "1413", "5ad4bea25b96ef001a109efa": "1526", "5733266d4776f41900660712": "General Sejm,", "5733266d4776f41900660713": "1569", "5733266d4776f41900660714": "religious freedom", "5733266d4776f41900660715": "1529", "5733266d4776f41900660716": "1596", "5ad4c99d5b96ef001a10a0a3": "1569", "5ad4c99d5b96ef001a10a0a4": "religious freedom", "5ad4c99d5b96ef001a10a0a5": "1529", "5ad4c99d5b96ef001a10a0a6": "1596", "57332a734776f41900660726": "", "57332a734776f41900660727": "Kingdom of Prussia", "57332a734776f41900660728": "Napoleon's army", "57332a734776f41900660729": "1815", "57332a734776f4190066072a": "1816", "5ad4ca605b96ef001a10a0ca": "Kingdom of Prussia", "5ad4ca605b96ef001a10a0cb": "Napoleon's army", "5ad4ca605b96ef001a10a0cc": "1815", "5ad4ca605b96ef001a10a0cd": "1816", "5ad4ca605b96ef001a10a0ce": "", "57332b66d058e614000b5758": "from 4 August 1915 until November 1918.", "57332b66d058e614000b5759": "areas controlled by Russia", "57332b66d058e614000b575a": "Pi\u0142sudski", "57332b66d058e614000b575b": "1920", "57332b66d058e614000b575c": "Red Army", "5ad4caf45b96ef001a10a0d4": "from 4 August 1915 until November 1918.", "5ad4caf45b96ef001a10a0d5": "", "5ad4caf45b96ef001a10a0d6": "Pi\u0142sudski", "5ad4caf45b96ef001a10a0d7": "1920", "5ad4caf45b96ef001a10a0d8": "Red Army", "57332c1e4776f4190066073a": "1 September 1939", "57332c1e4776f4190066073b": "General Government,", "57332c1e4776f4190066073c": "30%", "57332c1e4776f4190066073d": "19 April 1943,", "57332c1e4776f4190066073e": "almost a month", "5ad50c9f5b96ef001a10aae0": "General Government,", "5ad50c9f5b96ef001a10aae1": "30%", "5ad50c9f5b96ef001a10aae2": "19 April 1943,", "5ad50c9f5b96ef001a10aae3": "1 September 1939", "5ad50c9f5b96ef001a10aae4": "almost a month", "57332e48d058e614000b5762": "Red Army", "57332e48d058e614000b5763": "Stalin was hostile to the idea of an independent Poland, the Polish government-in-exile in London gave orders to the underground Home Army (AK) to try to seize control of Warsaw from the Germans", "57332e48d058e614000b5764": "1 August 1944,", "57332e48d058e614000b5765": "63", "57332e48d058e614000b5766": "150,000 and 200,000", "5ad4cc135b96ef001a10a0f2": "Red Army", "5ad4cc135b96ef001a10a0f3": "Stalin was hostile to the idea of an independent Poland,", "5ad4cc135b96ef001a10a0f4": "1 August 1944,", "5ad4cc135b96ef001a10a0f5": "63", "5ad4cc135b96ef001a10a0f6": "150,000 and 200,000", "57332f81d058e614000b5776": "\"Bricks for Warsaw\"", "57332f81d058e614000b5777": "prefabricated", "57332f81d058e614000b5778": "Eastern Bloc city,", "57332f81d058e614000b5779": "Palace of Culture and Science,", "57332f81d058e614000b577a": "World Heritage", "5ad4cd6e5b96ef001a10a124": "\"Bricks for Warsaw\"", "5ad4cd6e5b96ef001a10a125": "prefabricated", "5ad4cd6e5b96ef001a10a126": "Eastern Bloc city,", "5ad4cd6e5b96ef001a10a127": "Palace of Culture and Science,", "5ad4cd6e5b96ef001a10a128": "World Heritage", "573330444776f41900660758": "Paul II's", "573330444776f41900660759": "anti-communist fervor", "573330444776f4190066075a": "less than a year", "573330444776f4190066075b": "1979", "573330444776f4190066075c": "the incentive for the democratic changes", "5ad4d0ca5b96ef001a10a196": "Paul II's", "5ad4d0ca5b96ef001a10a197": "", "5ad4d0ca5b96ef001a10a198": "", "5ad4d0ca5b96ef001a10a199": "1979", "5ad4d0ca5b96ef001a10a19a": "the incentive for the democratic changes", "5733314e4776f4190066076a": "260", "5733314e4776f4190066076b": "325", "5733314e4776f4190066076c": "Vistula River.", "5733314e4776f4190066076d": "Szcz\u0119\u015bliwice hill", "5733314e4776f4190066076e": "the right bank of the Vistula,", "5ad4d1785b96ef001a10a1b2": "260", "5ad4d1785b96ef001a10a1b3": "325", "5ad4d1785b96ef001a10a1b4": "Vistula River.", "5ad4d1785b96ef001a10a1b5": "Szcz\u0119\u015bliwice hill", "5ad4d1785b96ef001a10a1b6": "the right bank of the Vistula,", "57335c20d058e614000b58f9": "two", "57335c20d058e614000b58fa": "Vistula Valley", "57335c20d058e614000b58fb": "The Vistula River", "57335c20d058e614000b58fc": "moraine plateau", "57335c20d058e614000b58fd": "Warsaw Escarpment.", "5ad4d2855b96ef001a10a1da": "Vistula Valley", "5ad4d2855b96ef001a10a1db": "two", "5ad4d2855b96ef001a10a1dc": "The Vistula River", "5ad4d2855b96ef001a10a1dd": "Warsaw Escarpment.", "5ad4d2855b96ef001a10a1de": "moraine plateau", "57335ddbd058e614000b592f": "", "57335ddbd058e614000b5930": "former flooded terraces", "57335ddbd058e614000b5931": "valleys and ground depressions", "57335ddbd058e614000b5932": "parted by peat swamps or small ponds cover the highest terrace", "57335ddbd058e614000b5933": "pine", "5ad50de85b96ef001a10ab12": "", "5ad50de85b96ef001a10ab13": "", "5ad50de85b96ef001a10ab14": "highest terrace", "5ad50de85b96ef001a10ab15": "", "5ad50de85b96ef001a10ab16": "former flooded terraces", "57335fcad058e614000b5970": "the turbulent history of the city and country", "57335fcad058e614000b5971": "Second World War,", "57335fcad058e614000b5972": "historical buildings", "57335fcad058e614000b5973": "Leopold Kronenberg Palace).", "57335fcad058e614000b5974": "Eastern bloc countries.", "5ad4d55f5b96ef001a10a274": "historical buildings", "5ad4d55f5b96ef001a10a275": "the turbulent history of the city and country", "5ad4d55f5b96ef001a10a276": "Leopold Kronenberg Palace).", "5ad4d55f5b96ef001a10a277": "Second World War,", "5ad4d55f5b96ef001a10a278": "basic design typical of Eastern bloc countries.", "573361404776f4190066093c": "Gothic", "573361404776f4190066093d": "1603\u20131639", "573361404776f4190066093e": "Masovian gothic style,", "573361404776f4190066093f": "Renaissance", "573361404776f41900660940": "mannerist architecture", "5ad50f1c5b96ef001a10ab2e": "14th century", "5ad50f1c5b96ef001a10ab2f": "Masovian gothic style,", "5ad50f1c5b96ef001a10ab30": "Renaissance", "5ad50f1c5b96ef001a10ab31": "Gothic", "5ad50f1c5b96ef001a10ab32": "Masovian gothic style,", "573362b94776f41900660974": "17th century", "573362b94776f41900660975": "1688\u20131692", "573362b94776f41900660976": "rococo", "573362b94776f41900660977": "neoclassical architecture", "573362b94776f41900660978": "1775\u20131795", "5ad4d8d65b96ef001a10a362": "1825\u20131828", "5ad4d8d65b96ef001a10a363": "1775\u20131795", "5ad4d8d65b96ef001a10a364": "17th century", "5ad4d8d65b96ef001a10a365": "rococo", "5ad4d8d65b96ef001a10a366": "neoclassical architecture", "5733638fd058e614000b59e8": "late 19th-century", "5733638fd058e614000b59e9": "", "5733638fd058e614000b59ea": "socialist realism", "5733638fd058e614000b59eb": "Warsaw University of Technology building", "5733638fd058e614000b59ec": "", "5ad4d9be5b96ef001a10a3b0": "socialist realism", "5ad4d9be5b96ef001a10a3b1": "", "5ad4d9be5b96ef001a10a3b2": "late 19th-century", "5ad4d9be5b96ef001a10a3b3": "", "5ad4d9be5b96ef001a10a3b4": "", "5733647e4776f419006609ae": "There are also many places", "5733647e4776f419006609af": "Pawiak,", "5733647e4776f419006609b0": "The Warsaw Citadel,", "5733647e4776f419006609b1": "the children who served as messengers and frontline troops in the Warsaw Uprising,", "5733647e4776f419006609b2": "Warsaw Uprising Monument", "5ad4da795b96ef001a10a3e6": "", "5ad4da795b96ef001a10a3e7": "Pawiak,", "5ad4da795b96ef001a10a3e8": "the children who served as messengers and frontline troops in the Warsaw Uprising,", "5ad4da795b96ef001a10a3e9": "", "5ad4da795b96ef001a10a3ea": "Warsaw Uprising Monument", "57336755d058e614000b5a3c": "", "57336755d058e614000b5a3d": "over 100", "57336755d058e614000b5a3e": "east", "57336755d058e614000b5a3f": "Krasi\u0144ski Palace Garden", "57336755d058e614000b5a40": "The \u0141azienki Park", "5ad4db9f5b96ef001a10a43e": "", "5ad4db9f5b96ef001a10a43f": "", "5ad4db9f5b96ef001a10a440": "", "5ad4db9f5b96ef001a10a441": "over 100 different species", "5ad4db9f5b96ef001a10a442": "east", "573368044776f41900660a29": "green", "573368044776f41900660a2a": "New Orangery", "573368044776f41900660a2b": "Pole Mokotowskie", "573368044776f41900660a2c": "Park Ujazdowski", "573368044776f41900660a2d": "1927", "5ad4dc755b96ef001a10a46e": "Pole Mokotowskie", "5ad4dc755b96ef001a10a46f": "Park Ujazdowski", "5ad4dc755b96ef001a10a470": "1927", "5ad4dc755b96ef001a10a471": "green", "5ad4dc755b96ef001a10a472": "New Orangery", "573368e54776f41900660a53": "location of Warsaw within the border region", "573368e54776f41900660a54": "within the borders of Warsaw, is the remaining part of the Masovian Primeval Forest. Bielany Forest nature reserve is connected with Kampinos Forest. It is home to rich fauna and flora. Within the forest there are three cycling and walking trails. Other big forest area is Kabaty Forest by the southern city border.", "573368e54776f41900660a55": "", "573368e54776f41900660a56": "Kabaty Forest", "573368e54776f41900660a57": "two", "5ad50fe55b96ef001a10ab4c": "two", "5ad50fe55b96ef001a10ab4d": "within the borders of Warsaw, is the remaining part of the Masovian Primeval Forest. Bielany Forest nature reserve is connected with Kampinos Forest. It is home to rich fauna and flora. Within the forest there are three cycling and walking trails. Other big forest area is Kabaty Forest by the southern city border.", "5ad50fe55b96ef001a10ab4e": "location of Warsaw within the border region", "5ad50fe55b96ef001a10ab4f": "", "5ad50fe55b96ef001a10ab50": "Kabaty Forest", "57337ddc4776f41900660bba": "13", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbb": "15 kilometres", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbc": "otter, beaver and hundreds of bird species", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbd": "several", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbe": "to clean them of plants and sediments", "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a49e": "13", "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a49f": "15 kilometres", "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4a0": "otter, beaver and hundreds of bird species", "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4a1": "several", "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4a2": "to clean them of plants and sediments", "57337ea24776f41900660bd0": "foreign-born inhabitants", "57337ea24776f41900660bd1": "Jewish", "57337ea24776f41900660bd2": "34%", "57337ea24776f41900660bd3": "833,500", "57337ea24776f41900660bd4": "internal migration and urbanisation", "5ad4f1365b96ef001a10a70c": "Jewish", "5ad4f1365b96ef001a10a70d": "foreign-born inhabitants", "5ad4f1365b96ef001a10a70e": "833,500", "5ad4f1365b96ef001a10a70f": "internal migration and urbanisation", "5ad4f1365b96ef001a10a710": "34%", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcb": "1,300,000", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcc": "420,000", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcd": "1951", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bce": "", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcf": "residency registration", "5ad4f1c95b96ef001a10a726": "1,300,000", "5ad4f1c95b96ef001a10a727": "420,000", "5ad4f1c95b96ef001a10a728": "1951", "5ad4f1c95b96ef001a10a729": "", "5ad4f1c95b96ef001a10a72a": "residency registration", "57338007d058e614000b5bda": "multi-cultural", "57338007d058e614000b5bdb": "711,988", "57338007d058e614000b5bdc": "56.2%", "57338007d058e614000b5bdd": "56.2%", "57338007d058e614000b5bde": "Warsaw Uprising of 1944.", "5ad4f28c5b96ef001a10a730": "multi-cultural", "5ad4f28c5b96ef001a10a731": "711,988", "5ad4f28c5b96ef001a10a732": "56.2%", "5ad4f28c5b96ef001a10a733": "56.2%", "5ad4f28c5b96ef001a10a734": "Warsaw Uprising of 1944.", "573380e0d058e614000b5be9": "commune", "573380e0d058e614000b5bea": "counties or powiats", "573380e0d058e614000b5beb": "Krak\u00f3w", "5ad4f40c5b96ef001a10a774": "commune", "5ad4f40c5b96ef001a10a775": "counties or powiats", "5ad4f40c5b96ef001a10a776": "", "5ad4f40c5b96ef001a10a777": "", "5ad4f40c5b96ef001a10a778": "Krak\u00f3w", "57338160d058e614000b5bf9": "Warsaw City Council", "57338160d058e614000b5bfa": "60", "57338160d058e614000b5bfb": "every four years", "57338160d058e614000b5bfc": "", "57338160d058e614000b5bfd": "30", "5ad4f4d95b96ef001a10a792": "", "5ad4f4d95b96ef001a10a793": "60", "5ad4f4d95b96ef001a10a794": "every four years", "5ad4f4d95b96ef001a10a795": "", "5ad4f4d95b96ef001a10a796": "30", "57338255d058e614000b5c0d": "President.", "57338255d058e614000b5c0e": "Jan Andrzej Menich", "57338255d058e614000b5c0f": "1695\u20131696", "57338255d058e614000b5c10": "", "57338255d058e614000b5c11": "", "5ad4f5765b96ef001a10a7a6": "President.", "5ad4f5765b96ef001a10a7a7": "Jan Andrzej Menich", "5ad4f5765b96ef001a10a7a8": "1695\u20131696", "5ad4f5765b96ef001a10a7a9": "", "5ad4f5765b96ef001a10a7aa": "", "573382d24776f41900660c37": "(\u015ar\u00f3dmie\u015bcie),", "573382d24776f41900660c38": "304,016", "573382d24776f41900660c39": "emerging market", "573382d24776f41900660c3a": "12%", "573382d24776f41900660c3b": "191.766 billion", "5ad4f63b5b96ef001a10a7c2": "(\u015ar\u00f3dmie\u015bcie),", "5ad4f63b5b96ef001a10a7c3": "304,016", "5ad4f63b5b96ef001a10a7c4": "emerging market", "5ad4f63b5b96ef001a10a7c5": "12%", "5ad4f63b5b96ef001a10a7c6": "191.766 billion", "5733834ed058e614000b5c26": "1817", "5733834ed058e614000b5c27": "", "5733834ed058e614000b5c28": "April 1991,", "5733834ed058e614000b5c29": "374", "5733834ed058e614000b5c2a": "Polish United Workers' Party", "5ad4f7235b96ef001a10a7dc": "1817", "5ad4f7235b96ef001a10a7dd": "World War II. It was re-established in April 1991, following the end of the post-war communist control of the country and the reintroduction of a free-market economy.", "5ad4f7235b96ef001a10a7de": "", "5ad4f7235b96ef001a10a7df": "374", "5ad4f7235b96ef001a10a7e0": "Polish United Workers' Party", "573383d0d058e614000b5c35": "1951", "573383d0d058e614000b5c36": "", "573383d0d058e614000b5c37": "Daewoo,", "573383d0d058e614000b5c38": "AvtoZAZ,", "573383d0d058e614000b5c39": "", "5ad4f7df5b96ef001a10a7fa": "1951", "5ad4f7df5b96ef001a10a7fb": "", "5ad4f7df5b96ef001a10a7fc": "AvtoZAZ,", "5ad4f7df5b96ef001a10a7fd": "February 2011", "5ad4f7df5b96ef001a10a7fe": "", "57339555d058e614000b5df3": "1816", "57339555d058e614000b5df4": "Warsaw University of Technology", "57339555d058e614000b5df5": "2,000", "57339555d058e614000b5df6": "Medical University of Warsaw,", "57339555d058e614000b5df7": "Fryderyk Chopin University of Music", "5ad4f8b35b96ef001a10a82a": "1816", "5ad4f8b35b96ef001a10a82b": "Warsaw University of Technology", "5ad4f8b35b96ef001a10a82c": "2,000", "5ad4f8b35b96ef001a10a82d": "Medical University of Warsaw,", "5ad4f8b35b96ef001a10a82e": "Fryderyk Chopin University of Music", "57339902d058e614000b5e70": "1816", "57339902d058e614000b5e71": "over two million", "57339902d058e614000b5e72": "", "57339902d058e614000b5e73": "Irena Bajerska,", "57339902d058e614000b5e74": "10,000 m2", "5ad4faa45b96ef001a10a85a": "", "5ad4faa45b96ef001a10a85b": "over two million", "5ad4faa45b96ef001a10a85c": "", "5ad4faa45b96ef001a10a85d": "Irena Bajerska,", "5ad4faa45b96ef001a10a85e": "10,000 m2", "573399b54776f41900660e64": "infrastructure", "573399b54776f41900660e65": "Three-Year Plan", "573399b54776f41900660e66": "solid economic growth", "573399b54776f41900660e67": "improved markedly", "5ad4fbeb5b96ef001a10a882": "infrastructure", "5ad4fbeb5b96ef001a10a883": "", "5ad4fbeb5b96ef001a10a884": "solid economic growth", "5ad4fbeb5b96ef001a10a885": "improved markedly", "5ad4fbeb5b96ef001a10a886": "solid economic growth", "57339a554776f41900660e74": "Poland", "57339a554776f41900660e75": "Children's Memorial Health Institute", "57339a554776f41900660e76": "Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Institute of Oncology", "57339a554776f41900660e77": "700", "57339a554776f41900660e78": "", "5ad4fd0f5b96ef001a10a896": "", "5ad4fd0f5b96ef001a10a897": "Children's Memorial Health Institute", "5ad4fd0f5b96ef001a10a898": "Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Institute of Oncology", "5ad4fd0f5b96ef001a10a899": "700", "5ad4fd0f5b96ef001a10a89a": "", "57339ad74776f41900660e86": "musical", "57339ad74776f41900660e87": "festivals", "57339ad74776f41900660e88": "Palace of Culture and Science,", "57339ad74776f41900660e89": "Palace of Culture and Science,", "57339ad74776f41900660e8a": "festivals", "5ad4fe635b96ef001a10a8b8": "musical", "5ad4fe635b96ef001a10a8b9": "festivals", "5ad4fe635b96ef001a10a8ba": "Palace of Culture and Science,", "5ad4fe635b96ef001a10a8bb": "Palace of Culture and Science,", "5ad4fe635b96ef001a10a8bc": "festivals", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec5": "Ogr\u00f3d Saski", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec6": "Ogr\u00f3d Saski", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec7": "1870 to 1939", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec8": "Momus,", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec9": "The Wojciech Bogus\u0142awski Theatre", "5ad4ff375b96ef001a10a8d6": "Ogr\u00f3d Saski", "5ad4ff375b96ef001a10a8d7": "Ogr\u00f3d Saski", "5ad4ff375b96ef001a10a8d8": "1870 to 1939", "5ad4ff375b96ef001a10a8d9": "Momus,", "5ad4ff375b96ef001a10a8da": "The Wojciech Bogus\u0142awski Theatre", "57339dd94776f41900660ecc": "(Polish for Wreaths)", "57339dd94776f41900660ecd": "Gatherings of thousands", "57339dd94776f41900660ece": "Midsummer\u2019s Night", "57339dd94776f41900660ecf": "married", "57339dd94776f41900660ed0": "fern", "5ad500e95b96ef001a10a912": "(Polish for Wreaths)", "5ad500e95b96ef001a10a913": "Gatherings of thousands", "5ad500e95b96ef001a10a914": "Midsummer\u2019s Night", "5ad500e95b96ef001a10a915": "married", "5ad500e95b96ef001a10a916": "fern", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef6": "art posters", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef7": "60", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef8": "", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef9": "paintings", "57339eb9d058e614000b5efa": "arms", "5ad502385b96ef001a10a954": "", "5ad502385b96ef001a10a955": "art posters", "5ad502385b96ef001a10a956": "", "5ad502385b96ef001a10a957": "paintings", "5ad502385b96ef001a10a958": "arms", "5733a1854776f41900660f0a": "the Warsaw Uprising Museum", "5733a1854776f41900660f0b": "Katy\u0144 Museum", "5733a1854776f41900660f0c": "stereoscopic", "5733a1854776f41900660f0d": "The Museum of Independence", "5733a1854776f41900660f0e": "60", "5ad5036c5b96ef001a10a984": "the Warsaw Uprising Museum", "5ad5036c5b96ef001a10a985": "Katy\u0144 Museum", "5ad5036c5b96ef001a10a986": "stereoscopic", "5ad5036c5b96ef001a10a987": "The Museum of Independence", "5ad5036c5b96ef001a10a988": "60", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f28": "Royal Ujazd\u00f3w Castle", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f29": "500", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2a": "Zach\u0119ta National Gallery of Art,", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2b": "Polish and international artists", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2c": "last weekend of September.", "5ad5041c5b96ef001a10a9ac": "Royal Ujazd\u00f3w Castle", "5ad5041c5b96ef001a10a9ad": "500", "5ad5041c5b96ef001a10a9ae": "Zach\u0119ta National Gallery of Art,", "5ad5041c5b96ef001a10a9af": "Polish and international artists", "5ad5041c5b96ef001a10a9b0": "last weekend of September.", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f32": "Polonia Warsaw,", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f33": "", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f34": "twice", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f35": "Konwiktorska Street,", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f36": "because of their disastrous financial situation", "5ad505165b96ef001a10a9f4": "Polonia Warsaw,", "5ad505165b96ef001a10a9f5": "", "5ad505165b96ef001a10a9f6": "twice", "5ad505165b96ef001a10a9f7": "Konwiktorska Street,", "5ad505165b96ef001a10a9f8": "because of their disastrous financial situation", "5733a45d4776f41900660f23": "syrenka", "5733a45d4776f41900660f24": "The mermaid", "5733a45d4776f41900660f25": "since at least the mid-14th century", "5733a45d4776f41900660f26": "1390", "5733a45d4776f41900660f27": "a sword", "5ad5071f5b96ef001a10aa38": "upper body", "5ad5071f5b96ef001a10aa39": "The mermaid", "5ad5071f5b96ef001a10aa3a": "since at least the mid-14th century", "5ad5071f5b96ef001a10aa3b": "1390", "5ad5071f5b96ef001a10aa3c": "", "5733a560d058e614000b5f77": "", "5733a560d058e614000b5f78": "the depths of the oceans and seas", "5733a560d058e614000b5f79": "the coast of Denmark", "5733a560d058e614000b5f7a": "Warszowa,", "5733a560d058e614000b5f7b": "captured", "5ad507d25b96ef001a10aa4c": "", "5ad507d25b96ef001a10aa4d": "the depths of the oceans and seas", "5ad507d25b96ef001a10aa4e": "the coast of Denmark", "5ad507d25b96ef001a10aa4f": "Warszowa,", "5ad507d25b96ef001a10aa50": "", "5733a5f54776f41900660f44": "Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie,", "5733a5f54776f41900660f45": "Nobel Prize.", "5733a5f54776f41900660f46": "a Polish general", "5733a5f54776f41900660f47": "seven months old", "5733a5f54776f41900660f48": "1745", "5ad508665b96ef001a10aa68": "Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie,", "5ad508665b96ef001a10aa69": "Nobel Prize.", "5ad508665b96ef001a10aa6a": "a Polish general", "5ad508665b96ef001a10aa6b": "seven months old", "5ad508665b96ef001a10aa6c": "1745", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f58": "Warsaw.", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f59": "1916", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5a": "Art Deco", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5b": "composer, lyricist, and pianist", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5c": "", "5ad509615b96ef001a10aa7c": "Warsaw.", "5ad509615b96ef001a10aa7d": "1916", "5ad509615b96ef001a10aa7e": "Art Deco", "5ad509615b96ef001a10aa7f": "composer, lyricist, and pianist", "5ad509615b96ef001a10aa80": "", "5733cf61d058e614000b62e9": "1754\u20131763", "5733cf61d058e614000b62ea": "between the colonies of British America and New France,", "5733cf61d058e614000b62eb": "", "5733cf61d058e614000b62ec": "", "5ad3a01a604f3c001a3fe971": "", "5ad3a01a604f3c001a3fe972": "1754\u20131763", "5ad3a01a604f3c001a3fe973": "Native American", "5ad3a01a604f3c001a3fe974": "", "5ad3a01a604f3c001a3fe975": "", "5733cff84776f419006612b4": "along the frontiers between New France and the British colonies,", "5733cff84776f419006612b5": "a dispute over control of the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers,", "5733cff84776f419006612b6": "a dispute over control of the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers, called the Forks of the Ohio, and the site of the French Fort Duquesne and present-day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The dispute erupted into violence in the Battle of Jumonville Glen in May 1754,", "5ad3a076604f3c001a3fe9a7": "", "5ad3a076604f3c001a3fe9a8": "", "5ad3a076604f3c001a3fe9a9": "May 1754,", "5ad3a076604f3c001a3fe9aa": "Battle of Jumonville Glen", "5ad3a076604f3c001a3fe9ab": "", "5733d13e4776f419006612c4": "1755", "5733d13e4776f419006612c5": "disaster", "5733d13e4776f419006612c6": "", "5733d13e4776f419006612c7": "Fort Beaus\u00e9jour", "5733d13e4776f419006612c8": "expulsion", "5ad3a16d604f3c001a3fe9e1": "1755", "5ad3a16d604f3c001a3fe9e2": "disaster", "5ad3a16d604f3c001a3fe9e3": "", "5ad3a16d604f3c001a3fe9e4": "Fort Beaus\u00e9jour", "5ad3a16d604f3c001a3fe9e5": "", "5733d249d058e614000b6331": "William Pitt", "5733d249d058e614000b6332": "increased British military resources", "5733d249d058e614000b6333": "France concentrated its forces against Prussia and its allies in the European theatre of the war.", "5733d249d058e614000b6334": "Sainte Foy", "5ad3a1cd604f3c001a3fe9f5": "William Pitt", "5ad3a1cd604f3c001a3fe9f6": "", "5ad3a1cd604f3c001a3fe9f7": "increased British military resources", "5ad3a1cd604f3c001a3fe9f8": "", "5ad3a1cd604f3c001a3fe9f9": "Sainte Foy", "5733d2dbd058e614000b6339": "French Louisiana", "5733d2dbd058e614000b633a": "French Louisiana", "5733d2dbd058e614000b633b": "one of the most significant developments in a century of Anglo-French conflict.", "5ad3a21d604f3c001a3fea1d": "", "5ad3a21d604f3c001a3fea1e": "French Louisiana", "5ad3a21d604f3c001a3fea1f": "", "5ad3a21d604f3c001a3fea20": "", "5ad3a21d604f3c001a3fea21": "one of the most significant developments in a century of Anglo-French conflict.", "5733d3cb4776f419006612ea": "1740s", "5733d3cb4776f419006612eb": "Indians fought on both sides of the conflict,", "5733d3cb4776f419006612ec": "", "5733d3cb4776f419006612ed": "", "5ad3a27c604f3c001a3fea31": "", "5ad3a27c604f3c001a3fea32": "1740s", "5ad3a27c604f3c001a3fea33": "", "5ad3a27c604f3c001a3fea34": "", "5ad3a27c604f3c001a3fea35": "", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6353": "", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6354": "six years", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6355": "1760", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6356": "Battle of Jumonville Glen", "5ad3a2e3604f3c001a3fea3b": "", "5ad3a2e3604f3c001a3fea3c": "Europe, from the official declaration of war in 1756 to the signing of the peace treaty in 1763. These dates do not correspond with the fighting on mainland North America, where the fighting between the two colonial powers was largely concluded in six years,", "5ad3a2e3604f3c001a3fea3d": "1760", "5ad3a2e3604f3c001a3fea3e": "", "5ad3a2e3604f3c001a3fea3f": "", "5733d5704776f4190066130e": "75,000", "5733d5704776f4190066130f": "", "5733d5704776f41900661310": "throughout the St.", "5ad3a342604f3c001a3fea59": "", "5ad3a342604f3c001a3fea5a": "75,000", "5ad3a342604f3c001a3fea5b": "", "5ad3a342604f3c001a3fea5c": "", "5ad3a342604f3c001a3fea5d": "", "5733d68ed058e614000b637f": "", "5733d68ed058e614000b6380": "", "5733d68ed058e614000b6381": "along the coast", "5ad3a38c604f3c001a3fea63": "", "5ad3a38c604f3c001a3fea64": "", "5ad3a38c604f3c001a3fea65": "", "5ad3a38c604f3c001a3fea66": "", "5ad3a38c604f3c001a3fea67": "", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ab": "", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ac": "", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ad": "", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ae": "Iroquois rule,", "5ad3a3fc604f3c001a3fea77": "", "5ad3a3fc604f3c001a3fea78": "", "5ad3a3fc604f3c001a3fea79": "", "5ad3a3fc604f3c001a3fea7a": "", "5ad3a3fc604f3c001a3fea7b": "", "5733da01d058e614000b63f9": "", "5733da01d058e614000b63fa": "", "5733da01d058e614000b63fb": "", "5ad3a733604f3c001a3feac9": "", "5ad3a733604f3c001a3feaca": "", "5ad3a733604f3c001a3feacb": "", "5ad3a733604f3c001a3feacc": "", "5ad3a733604f3c001a3feacd": "", "5733dab4d058e614000b6409": "North America,", "5733dab4d058e614000b640a": "few British troops. New France was defended by about 3,000", "5733dab4d058e614000b640b": "New France was defended by about 3,000 troupes de la marine,", "5ad3a79a604f3c001a3fead3": "North America,", "5ad3a79a604f3c001a3fead4": "North America,", "5ad3a79a604f3c001a3fead5": "few British troops. New France was defended by about 3,000", "5ad3a79a604f3c001a3fead6": "few British troops. New France was defended by about 3,000", "5ad3a79a604f3c001a3fead7": "", "5733db8dd058e614000b6428": "3,000 miles", "5733db8dd058e614000b6429": "200 Troupes de la marine", "5733db8dd058e614000b642a": "British merchants or fur-traders,", "5ad3a7ef604f3c001a3feadd": "told them to leave", "5ad3a7ef604f3c001a3feade": "", "5ad3a7ef604f3c001a3feadf": "", "5ad3a7ef604f3c001a3feae0": "200 Troupes de la marine", "5ad3a7ef604f3c001a3feae1": "", "5733dc95d058e614000b644a": "they owned the Ohio Country", "5733dc95d058e614000b644b": "Pickawillany,", "5733dc95d058e614000b644c": "threatened \"Old Briton\" with severe consequences if he continued to trade with the British. \"Old Briton\" ignored the warning.", "5733dc95d058e614000b644d": "ignored the warning", "5ad3a839604f3c001a3feaf1": "", "5ad3a839604f3c001a3feaf2": "", "5ad3a839604f3c001a3feaf3": "Pickawillany,", "5ad3a839604f3c001a3feaf4": "threatened \"Old Briton\" with severe consequences if he continued to trade with the British. \"Old Briton\" ignored the warning.", "5ad3a839604f3c001a3feaf5": "ignored the warning", "5733dd4f4776f419006613aa": "I don't know in what way they could be brought back.\" Even before his return to Montreal, reports on the situation in the Ohio Country were making their way to London and Paris, each side proposing that action be taken. William Shirley, the expansionist governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, was particularly forceful,", "5733dd4f4776f419006613ab": "", "5733dd4f4776f419006613ac": "forceful", "5ad3a893604f3c001a3feafb": "I don't know in what way they could be brought back.\"", "5ad3a893604f3c001a3feafc": "", "5ad3a893604f3c001a3feafd": "I don't know in what way", "5ad3a893604f3c001a3feafe": "I don't know in what way", "5ad3a893604f3c001a3feaff": "forceful", "5733e5a14776f4190066145b": "1749", "5733e5a14776f4190066145c": "Ohio Company of Virginia", "5733e5a14776f4190066145d": "Christopher Gist,", "5733e5a14776f4190066145e": "Treaty of Logstown", "5733e5a14776f4190066145f": "the mouth of the Monongahela River", "5ad3a8fe604f3c001a3feb05": "1749", "5ad3a8fe604f3c001a3feb06": "", "5ad3a8fe604f3c001a3feb07": "", "5ad3a8fe604f3c001a3feb08": "", "5ad3a8fe604f3c001a3feb09": "the mouth of the Monongahela River", "5733e771d058e614000b6545": "", "5733e771d058e614000b6546": "1748", "5733e771d058e614000b6547": "conflicting territorial claims", "5733e771d058e614000b6548": "conflicting territorial claims between British and French colonies in North America were turned over to a commission to resolve,", "5ad3ad01604f3c001a3febd3": "", "5ad3ad01604f3c001a3febd4": "", "5ad3ad01604f3c001a3febd5": "1748", "5ad3ad01604f3c001a3febd6": "resolving issues in Europe.", "5ad3ad01604f3c001a3febd7": "no decision", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a6": "Marquis de la Jonqui\u00e8re,", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a7": "300", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a8": "to punish the Miami people of Pickawillany for not following C\u00e9loron's orders to cease trading with the British.", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a9": "capturing three traders and killing 14 people of the Miami nation, including Old Briton.", "5ad3ad60604f3c001a3fec03": "", "5ad3ad60604f3c001a3fec04": "", "5ad3ad60604f3c001a3fec05": "", "5ad3ad60604f3c001a3fec06": "", "5ad3ad60604f3c001a3fec07": "capturing three traders and killing 14 people of the Miami nation,", "5733ea04d058e614000b6594": "Paul Marin de la Malgue", "5733ea04d058e614000b6595": "Fort Le Boeuf", "5733ea04d058e614000b6596": "Fort Le Boeuf", "5733ea04d058e614000b6597": "to protect the King's land in the Ohio Valley from the British.", "5733ea04d058e614000b6598": "Le Boeuf,", "5ad3ade2604f3c001a3fec15": "", "5ad3ade2604f3c001a3fec16": "", "5ad3ade2604f3c001a3fec17": "Fort Presque Isle", "5ad3ade2604f3c001a3fec18": "", "5ad3ade2604f3c001a3fec19": "Tanaghrisson,", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cc": "British Superintendent for Indian Affairs in the New York region and beyond, Johnson was known to the Iroquois as Warraghiggey, meaning \"He who does great things.\" He spoke their languages and had become a respected honorary member of the Iroquois Confederacy in the area. In 1746, Johnson was made a colonel of the Iroquois. Later he was commissioned as a colonel of the Western New York Militia.", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cd": "Warraghiggey,", "5733eb34d058e614000b65ce": "colonel", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cf": "Chief Hendrick,", "5ad3ae4f604f3c001a3fec47": "", "5ad3ae4f604f3c001a3fec48": "British Superintendent for Indian Affairs in the New York region and beyond, Johnson was known to the Iroquois as Warraghiggey, meaning \"He who does great things.\" He spoke their languages and had become a respected honorary member of the Iroquois Confederacy in the area. In 1746, Johnson was made a colonel of the Iroquois. Later he was commissioned as a colonel of the Western New York Militia.", "5ad3ae4f604f3c001a3fec49": "Warraghiggey,", "5ad3ae4f604f3c001a3fec4a": "colonel", "5ad3ae4f604f3c001a3fec4b": "Mohawk Chief Hendrick,", "5733ef47d058e614000b662b": "Ohio Company,", "5733ef47d058e614000b662c": "Jacob Van Braam", "5733ef47d058e614000b662d": "Jacob Van Braam", "5733ef47d058e614000b662e": "December 12,", "5ad3aedc604f3c001a3fec51": "Ohio Company,", "5ad3aedc604f3c001a3fec52": "Ohio Company,", "5ad3aedc604f3c001a3fec53": "", "5ad3aedc604f3c001a3fec54": "", "5ad3aedc604f3c001a3fec55": "", "5733f062d058e614000b6633": "Legardeur de Saint-Pierre,", "5733f062d058e614000b6634": "demanding an immediate French withdrawal from the Ohio Country.", "5733f062d058e614000b6635": "\"As to the Summons you send me to retire, I do not think myself obliged to obey it.\"", "5733f062d058e614000b6636": "superior to that of the British,", "5ad3af4e604f3c001a3fec73": "", "5ad3af4e604f3c001a3fec74": "Legardeur de Saint-Pierre,", "5ad3af4e604f3c001a3fec75": "", "5ad3af4e604f3c001a3fec76": "\"As to the Summons you send me to retire, I do not think myself obliged to obey it.\"", "5ad3af4e604f3c001a3fec77": "", "5733f1784776f41900661575": "500", "5733f1784776f41900661576": "1754", "5733f1784776f41900661577": "Fort Duquesne.", "5ad3afa9604f3c001a3fec85": "", "5ad3afa9604f3c001a3fec86": "", "5ad3afa9604f3c001a3fec87": "", "5ad3afa9604f3c001a3fec88": "", "5ad3afa9604f3c001a3fec89": "", "5733f309d058e614000b6648": "surprised the Canadians", "5733f309d058e614000b6649": "They killed many of the Canadians,", "5733f309d058e614000b664a": "long trading relationships", "5ad3b08b604f3c001a3fecb1": "", "5ad3b08b604f3c001a3fecb2": "en route, Washington learned of Trent's retreat. Since Tanaghrisson had promised support to the British,", "5ad3b08b604f3c001a3fecb3": "", "5ad3b08b604f3c001a3fecb4": "", "5ad3b08b604f3c001a3fecb5": "", "5733f410d058e614000b6663": "dislodge the French.", "5733f410d058e614000b6664": "Word of the British military plans leaked to France well before Braddock's departure for North America.", "5733f410d058e614000b6665": "1755", "5733f410d058e614000b6666": "North America.", "5ad3b147604f3c001a3fecd5": "dislodge the French.", "5ad3b147604f3c001a3fecd6": "", "5ad3b147604f3c001a3fecd7": "Word of the British military plans leaked to France well before Braddock's departure for North America.", "5ad3b147604f3c001a3fecd8": "1755", "5ad3b147604f3c001a3fecd9": "North America.", "5733f5264776f419006615a3": "the Albany Congress", "5733f5264776f419006615a4": "to formalize a unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians,", "5733f5264776f419006615a5": "a unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians,", "5733f5264776f419006615a6": "to formalize a unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians,", "5ad3b1be604f3c001a3fece9": "", "5ad3b1be604f3c001a3fecea": "", "5ad3b1be604f3c001a3feceb": "", "5ad3b1be604f3c001a3fecec": "", "5ad3b1be604f3c001a3feced": "", "5733f5f24776f419006615c1": "", "5733f5f24776f419006615c2": "", "5733f5f24776f419006615c3": "1,000", "5733f5f24776f419006615c4": "Washington and Thomas Gage,", "5ad3b260604f3c001a3fed05": "", "5ad3b260604f3c001a3fed06": "", "5ad3b260604f3c001a3fed07": "", "5ad3b260604f3c001a3fed08": "", "5ad3b260604f3c001a3fed09": "", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66a9": "Shirley and Johnson.", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66aa": "logistical difficulties", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ab": "the French were massing for an attack on Fort Oswego in his absence", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ac": "garrisons at Oswego, Fort Bull, and Fort Williams", "5ad3b2e8604f3c001a3fed23": "Shirley and Johnson.", "5ad3b2e8604f3c001a3fed24": "", "5ad3b2e8604f3c001a3fed25": "", "5ad3b2e8604f3c001a3fed26": "", "5ad3b2e8604f3c001a3fed27": "Oswego, Fort Bull, and Fort Williams", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f7": "Marquis de Vaudreuil.", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f8": "Vaudreuil sent Dieskau to Fort St. Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric to meet that threat.", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f9": "Fort Edward and Fort William Henry.", "5733f8dc4776f419006615fa": "Fort William Henry,", "5733f8dc4776f419006615fb": "Ticonderoga Point,", "5ad3b373604f3c001a3fed49": "Marquis de Vaudreuil.", "5ad3b373604f3c001a3fed4a": "Vaudreuil sent Dieskau to Fort St. Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric to meet that threat.", "5ad3b373604f3c001a3fed4b": "Fort Edward and Fort William Henry.", "5ad3b373604f3c001a3fed4c": "Fort Carillon", "5ad3b373604f3c001a3fed4d": "Fort William Henry,", "5733f9fa4776f4190066161f": "Colonel Monckton,", "5733f9fa4776f41900661620": "", "5733f9fa4776f41900661621": "Dartmouth and Lunenburg", "5ad3b3dc604f3c001a3fed67": "", "5ad3b3dc604f3c001a3fed68": "Colonel Monckton,", "5ad3b3dc604f3c001a3fed69": "", "5ad3b3dc604f3c001a3fed6a": "", "5ad3b3dc604f3c001a3fed6b": "", "5733faaf4776f4190066162f": "William Shirley", "5733faaf4776f41900661630": "Albany", "5733faaf4776f41900661631": "Fort Frontenac", "5733faaf4776f41900661632": "through the wilderness of the Maine district and down the Chaudi\u00e8re River", "5ad3b498604f3c001a3fed7b": "New York's", "5ad3b498604f3c001a3fed7c": "William Shirley", "5ad3b498604f3c001a3fed7d": "", "5ad3b498604f3c001a3fed7e": "", "5ad3b498604f3c001a3fed7f": "", "5733fb7bd058e614000b66ff": "Major General James Abercrombie", "5733fb7bd058e614000b6700": "Major General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm", "5733fb7bd058e614000b6701": "May 18, 1756,", "5ad3b4e8604f3c001a3fed99": "Major General James Abercrombie", "5ad3b4e8604f3c001a3fed9a": "", "5ad3b4e8604f3c001a3fed9b": "", "5ad3b4e8604f3c001a3fed9c": "", "5ad3b4e8604f3c001a3fed9d": "", "5733fc6ed058e614000b670f": "Scouts had reported the weakness of the British supply chain, so he ordered an attack against the forts Shirley had erected at the Oneida Carry.", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6710": "the British supply chain,", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6711": "45,000 pounds", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6712": "campaigns", "5ad3b567604f3c001a3fedb3": "", "5ad3b567604f3c001a3fedb4": "weakness", "5ad3b567604f3c001a3fedb5": "already short on supplies", "5ad3b567604f3c001a3fedb6": "45,000 pounds", "5ad3b567604f3c001a3fedb7": "", "5733fd66d058e614000b6735": "Abercrombie", "5733fd66d058e614000b6736": "Ticonderoga,", "5733fd66d058e614000b6737": "Albany,", "5733fd66d058e614000b6738": "the disposition of prisoners' personal effects", "5ad3b6d8604f3c001a3fedfb": "Ticonderoga,", "5ad3b6d8604f3c001a3fedfc": "Abercrombie", "5ad3b6d8604f3c001a3fedfd": "Abercrombie", "5ad3b6d8604f3c001a3fedfe": "Albany,", "5ad3b6d8604f3c001a3fedff": "Loudoun approved them. Montcalm took bold action against his inertia. Building on Vaudreuil's work harassing the Oswego garrison, Montcalm executed a strategic feint by moving his headquarters to Ticonderoga, as if to presage another attack along Lake George. With Abercrombie pinned down at Albany, Montcalm slipped away and led the successful attack on Oswego in August. In the aftermath, Montcalm and the Indians under his command disagreed about the disposition of prisoners' personal effects.", "5733fe73d058e614000b673d": "an attack on New France's capital, Quebec.", "5733fe73d058e614000b673e": "to distract Montcalm,", "5733fe73d058e614000b673f": "William Pitt,", "5733fe73d058e614000b6740": "returned to New York", "5ad3b781604f3c001a3fee23": "", "5ad3b781604f3c001a3fee24": "", "5ad3b781604f3c001a3fee25": "", "5ad3b781604f3c001a3fee26": "William Pitt,", "5ad3b781604f3c001a3fee27": "returned to New York", "5733ffa7d058e614000b674f": "French irregular forces", "5733ffa7d058e614000b6750": "Lake George,", "5733ffa7d058e614000b6751": "attacked the British column, killing and capturing several hundred men, women, children, and slaves.", "5ad3b826604f3c001a3fee47": "French irregular forces (Canadian scouts and Indians)", "5ad3b826604f3c001a3fee48": "", "5ad3b826604f3c001a3fee49": "Lake George,", "5ad3b826604f3c001a3fee4a": "Lake George,", "5ad3b826604f3c001a3fee4b": "attacked the British column, killing and capturing several hundred men, women, children, and slaves.", "57340111d058e614000b677d": "the British blockade of the French coastline limited French shipping.", "57340111d058e614000b677e": "corrupt machinations", "57340111d058e614000b677f": "meager resources", "5ad3b911604f3c001a3fee63": "the British blockade of the French coastline limited French shipping.", "5ad3b911604f3c001a3fee64": "", "5ad3b911604f3c001a3fee65": "corrupt machinations", "5ad3b911604f3c001a3fee66": "corrupt machinations", "5ad3b911604f3c001a3fee67": "a continuation of the raiding tactics", "5734025d4776f419006616c3": "The British failures", "5734025d4776f419006616c4": "He", "5734025d4776f419006616c5": "three", "5734025d4776f419006616c6": "Two", "5ad3b9cd604f3c001a3fee87": "", "5ad3b9cd604f3c001a3fee88": "The British failures", "5ad3b9cd604f3c001a3fee89": "", "5ad3b9cd604f3c001a3fee8a": "He", "5ad3b9cd604f3c001a3fee8b": "", "573403394776f419006616dd": "3,600", "573403394776f419006616de": "3,600", "573403394776f419006616df": "saved something from the disaster when he sent John Bradstreet on an expedition that successfully destroyed Fort Frontenac, including caches of supplies destined for New France's western forts and furs", "573403394776f419006616e0": "saved something from the disaster", "5ad3ba81604f3c001a3fee9b": "3,600", "5ad3ba81604f3c001a3fee9c": "3,600", "5ad3ba81604f3c001a3fee9d": "3,600", "5ad3ba81604f3c001a3fee9e": "Abercrombie saved something from the disaster when he sent John Bradstreet on an expedition that successfully destroyed Fort Frontenac, including caches of supplies destined for New France's western forts and furs", "5ad3ba81604f3c001a3fee9f": "saved something from the disaster", "57340549d058e614000b67dd": "invasion of Britain,", "57340549d058e614000b67de": "to draw British resources away from North America and the European mainland. The invasion failed both militarily and politically,", "57340549d058e614000b67df": "Lagos and Quiberon Bay.", "5ad3bb12604f3c001a3feeb9": "", "5ad3bb12604f3c001a3feeba": "invasion of Britain,", "5ad3bb12604f3c001a3feebb": "failed both militarily and politically", "5ad3bb12604f3c001a3feebc": "to draw British resources away from North America and the European mainland. The invasion failed both militarily and politically,", "5ad3bb12604f3c001a3feebd": "", "573406d1d058e614000b6801": "James Wolfe", "573406d1d058e614000b6802": "successfully cut off the French frontier forts further to the west and south.", "573406d1d058e614000b6803": "Battle of Sainte-Foy,", "573406d1d058e614000b6804": "the British", "5ad3bb68604f3c001a3feec3": "James Wolfe", "5ad3bb68604f3c001a3feec4": "James Wolfe", "5ad3bb68604f3c001a3feec5": "cut off the French frontier forts further to the west and south.", "5ad3bb68604f3c001a3feec6": "", "5ad3bb68604f3c001a3feec7": "Battle of Sainte-Foy,", "573407d7d058e614000b6813": "Governor Vaudreuil", "573407d7d058e614000b6814": "any French residents who chose to remain in the colony would be given freedom to continue worshiping in their Roman Catholic tradition,", "573407d7d058e614000b6815": "a capitulation with General Amherst.", "5ad3bbcc604f3c001a3feecd": "", "5ad3bbcc604f3c001a3feece": "Governor Vaudreuil", "5ad3bbcc604f3c001a3feecf": "any French residents who chose to remain in the colony would be given freedom to continue worshiping in their Roman Catholic tradition,", "5ad3bbcc604f3c001a3feed0": "a capitulation with General Amherst.", "5ad3bbcc604f3c001a3feed1": "a capitulation with General Amherst.", "573408ef4776f41900661757": "10 February 1763,", "573408ef4776f41900661758": "15 February 1763.", "573408ef4776f41900661759": "The British offered France the choice of surrendering either its continental North American possessions east of the Mississippi or the Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique, which had been occupied by the British.", "573408ef4776f4190066175a": "east of the Mississippi", "5ad3bc28604f3c001a3feedf": "10 February 1763,", "5ad3bc28604f3c001a3feee0": "10 February 1763,", "5ad3bc28604f3c001a3feee1": "15 February 1763.", "5ad3bc28604f3c001a3feee2": "", "5ad3bc28604f3c001a3feee3": "", "57340a094776f4190066177d": "80,000", "57340a094776f4190066177e": "1755", "57340a094776f4190066177f": "throughout its North American provinces,", "57340a094776f41900661780": "France, and some went to New Orleans,", "5ad3bce5604f3c001a3feefb": "", "5ad3bce5604f3c001a3feefc": "", "5ad3bce5604f3c001a3feefd": "1755", "5ad3bce5604f3c001a3feefe": "", "5ad3bce5604f3c001a3feeff": "", "57340b1bd058e614000b6869": "King George III", "57340b1bd058e614000b686a": "the division and administration of the newly conquered territory", "57340b1bd058e614000b686b": "west of the Appalachian Mountains", "5ad3bd30604f3c001a3fef0f": "", "5ad3bd30604f3c001a3fef10": "", "5ad3bd30604f3c001a3fef11": "", "5ad3bd30604f3c001a3fef12": "", "5ad3bd30604f3c001a3fef13": "west of the Appalachian Mountains", "57340d124776f419006617bf": "disappearance of a strong ally and counterweight to British expansion,", "57340d124776f419006617c0": "construction of military roads to the area by Braddock and Forbes.", "57340d124776f419006617c1": "1769", "57340d124776f419006617c2": "Spanish Catholic population to leave. Most went to Cuba, including the entire governmental records from St. Augustine, although some Christianized Yamasee", "57340d124776f419006617c3": "Cuba,", "5ad3bd87604f3c001a3fef23": "", "5ad3bd87604f3c001a3fef24": "", "5ad3bd87604f3c001a3fef25": "1769", "5ad3bd87604f3c001a3fef26": "Spanish Catholic population to leave. Most went to Cuba, including the entire governmental records from St. Augustine, although some Christianized Yamasee", "5ad3bd87604f3c001a3fef27": "", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e71": "force", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e72": "even at a constant velocity", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e73": "", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e74": "three hundred years", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e75": "", "5ad25efad7d075001a428f56": "", "5ad25efad7d075001a428f57": "", "5ad25efad7d075001a428f58": "Galileo Galilei and Sir Isaac Newton.", "5ad25efad7d075001a428f59": "motion and force", "5ad25efad7d075001a428f5a": "Sir Isaac Newton", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7b": "", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7c": "gauge bosons", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7d": "strong, electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7e": "", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7f": "", "5ad25f82d7d075001a428f84": "", "5ad25f82d7d075001a428f85": "forces between particles smaller than atoms", "5ad25f82d7d075001a428f86": "", "5ad25f82d7d075001a428f87": "", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e85": "Aristotle", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e86": "Aristotelian cosmology.", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e87": "four", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e88": "", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e89": "", "5ad2605dd7d075001a428fc6": "", "5ad2605dd7d075001a428fc7": "four", "5ad2605dd7d075001a428fc8": "left alone", "5ad2605dd7d075001a428fc9": "", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e8f": "", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e90": "Galileo Galilei,", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e91": "an innate force of impetus", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e92": "", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e93": "friction", "5ad26103d7d075001a428fec": "", "5ad26103d7d075001a428fed": "", "5ad26103d7d075001a428fee": "", "5ad26103d7d075001a428fef": "", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e99": "external net force or resultant force", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9a": "", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9b": "", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9c": "First Law", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9d": "", "5ad261a4d7d075001a429048": "", "5ad261a4d7d075001a429049": "", "5ad261a4d7d075001a42904a": "", "5ad261a4d7d075001a42904b": "", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea3": "physics", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea4": "parabolic", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea5": "at rest", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea6": "Inertia", "5ad26257d7d075001a42909c": "", "5ad26257d7d075001a42909d": "the person", "5ad26257d7d075001a42909e": "the outside world", "5ad26257d7d075001a42909f": "", "573749741c4567190057445d": "inertia", "573749741c4567190057445e": "", "573749741c4567190057445f": "Albert Einstein", "573749741c45671900574460": "", "573749741c45671900574461": "", "5ad262f7d7d075001a4290d4": "", "5ad262f7d7d075001a4290d5": "constancy of the length of a day and the length of a year", "5ad262f7d7d075001a4290d6": "", "5ad262f7d7d075001a4290d7": "weightlessness", "573750f51c45671900574467": "", "573750f61c45671900574468": "", "573750f61c45671900574469": "General relativity", "573750f61c4567190057446a": "", "573750f61c4567190057446b": "fixed", "5ad26382d7d075001a42911a": "force", "5ad26382d7d075001a42911b": "", "5ad26382d7d075001a42911c": "", "5ad26382d7d075001a42911d": "", "5737534ec3c5551400e51eab": "", "5737534ec3c5551400e51eac": "", "5737534ec3c5551400e51ead": "unidirectional", "5737534ec3c5551400e51eae": "", "5ad26421d7d075001a42913e": "situations where forces can be attributed to the presence of different objects", "5ad26421d7d075001a42913f": "different bodies", "5ad26421d7d075001a429140": "a force \u2212F", "573755afc3c5551400e51eb3": "the center of mass", "573755afc3c5551400e51eb4": "closed system", "573755afc3c5551400e51eb5": "", "5ad266f6d7d075001a4291fe": "", "5ad266f6d7d075001a4291ff": "", "5ad266f6d7d075001a429200": "", "5ad266f6d7d075001a429201": "", "573766251c45671900574471": "intuitive understanding", "573766251c45671900574472": "", "573766251c45671900574473": "Newtonian mechanics.", "573766251c45671900574474": "fully consistent with the conceptual definition of force offered by Newtonian mechanics.", "5ad26797d7d075001a429236": "conceptual definition of force offered by Newtonian mechanics.", "5ad26797d7d075001a429237": "Newtonian mechanics.", "5ad26797d7d075001a429238": "force", "5ad26797d7d075001a429239": "temperature", "57376828c3c5551400e51eb9": "vector quantities", "57376828c3c5551400e51eba": "forces follow a different set of mathematical rules than physical quantities that do not have direction (denoted scalar quantities", "57376828c3c5551400e51ebb": "Associating forces with vectors", "57376828c3c5551400e51ebc": "ambiguous", "57376828c3c5551400e51ebd": "", "5ad26839d7d075001a42925a": "", "5ad26839d7d075001a42925b": "", "5ad26839d7d075001a42925c": "", "5ad26839d7d075001a42925d": "", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec3": "static equilibrium", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec4": "magnitude and direction", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec5": "the net force", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec6": "their respective lines of application", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec7": "", "5ad26925d7d075001a4292c4": "", "5ad26925d7d075001a4292c5": "", "5ad26925d7d075001a4292c6": "", "5ad26925d7d075001a4292c7": "", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecd": "independent components", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ece": "two", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecf": "original force", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed0": "", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed1": "", "5ad269a7d7d075001a4292e0": "", "5ad269a7d7d075001a4292e1": "", "5ad269a7d7d075001a4292e2": "", "5ad269a7d7d075001a4292e3": "", "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed7": "", "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed8": "", "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed9": "", "57376df3c3c5551400e51eda": "upper limit", "5ad26a5fd7d075001a429318": "", "5ad26a5fd7d075001a429319": "", "5ad26a5fd7d075001a42931a": "static friction", "5ad26a5fd7d075001a42931b": "The static friction", "57377083c3c5551400e51edf": "forces", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee0": "gravity", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee1": "the object's weight", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee2": "force of gravity", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee3": "Isaac Newton", "5ad26aedd7d075001a429332": "", "5ad26aedd7d075001a429333": "forces", "5ad26aedd7d075001a429334": "", "5ad26aedd7d075001a429335": "weighing scales and spring balances", "573776eec3c5551400e51ee9": "Galileo", "573776eec3c5551400e51eea": "", "573776eec3c5551400e51eeb": "", "573776eec3c5551400e51eec": "behind the foot of the mast of a moving ship", "573776eec3c5551400e51eed": "", "5ad26c15d7d075001a42937c": "", "5ad26c15d7d075001a42937d": "", "5ad26c15d7d075001a42937e": "Aristotelian", "5ad26c15d7d075001a42937f": "", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef3": "", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef4": "kinetic friction force", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef5": "kinetic friction", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef6": "", "5ad27697d7d075001a429518": "", "5ad27697d7d075001a429519": "", "5ad27697d7d075001a42951a": "", "5ad27697d7d075001a42951b": "", "57377aac1c45671900574479": "Schr\u00f6dinger equation", "57377aac1c4567190057447a": "Schr\u00f6dinger equation", "57377aac1c4567190057447b": "classical position variables", "57377aac1c4567190057447c": "", "57377aac1c4567190057447d": "", "5ad2772cd7d075001a42953e": "", "5ad2772cd7d075001a42953f": "", "5ad2772cd7d075001a429540": "", "5ad2772cd7d075001a429541": "", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efb": "", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efc": "Pauli", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efd": "", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efe": "", "57377c98c3c5551400e51eff": "", "5ad277d3d7d075001a429546": "", "5ad277d3d7d075001a429547": "antisymmetric", "5ad277d3d7d075001a429548": "", "5ad277d3d7d075001a429549": "", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f05": "", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f06": "", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f07": "", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f08": "", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f09": "", "5ad278c3d7d075001a42957c": "", "5ad278c3d7d075001a42957d": "", "5ad278c3d7d075001a42957e": "", "5ad278c3d7d075001a42957f": "", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f0f": "", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f10": "strong and weak forces", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f11": "", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f12": "masses", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f13": "Pauli exclusion principle,", "5ad27941d7d075001a4295a8": "", "5ad27941d7d075001a4295a9": "four", "5ad27941d7d075001a4295aa": "", "5ad27941d7d075001a4295ab": "", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f19": "Isaac Newton unified the force responsible for objects falling at the surface of the Earth with the force responsible for the orbits of celestial mechanics", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1a": "20th", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1b": "unification models", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1c": "", "5ad279e5d7d075001a4295c2": "", "5ad279e5d7d075001a4295c3": "", "5ad279e5d7d075001a4295c4": "Michael Faraday and James Clerk Maxwell", "5ad279e5d7d075001a4295c5": "", "573784fa1c45671900574483": "Isaac Newton.", "573784fa1c45671900574484": "", "573784fa1c45671900574485": "", "573784fa1c45671900574486": "", "573784fa1c45671900574487": "", "5ad27a80d7d075001a4295fa": "gravity", "5ad27a80d7d075001a4295fb": "", "5ad27a80d7d075001a4295fc": "", "5ad27a80d7d075001a4295fd": "", "573786b51c4567190057448d": "at larger distances", "573786b51c4567190057448e": "", "573786b51c4567190057448f": "mass of the attracting body", "573786b51c45671900574490": "mass () and the radius", "5ad27e30d7d075001a429700": "", "5ad27e30d7d075001a429701": "the same force of gravity", "5ad27e30d7d075001a429702": "", "5ad27e30d7d075001a429703": "", "57378862c3c5551400e51f21": "a dimensional constant", "57378862c3c5551400e51f22": "Henry Cavendish", "57378862c3c5551400e51f23": "1798", "57378862c3c5551400e51f24": "Newton,", "5ad27f01d7d075001a429742": "", "5ad27f01d7d075001a429743": "", "5ad27f01d7d075001a429744": "Newton,", "5ad27f01d7d075001a429745": "", "5737898f1c45671900574495": "", "5737898f1c45671900574496": "(Vulcan)", "5737898f1c45671900574497": "", "5737898f1c45671900574498": "Albert Einstein", "5737898f1c45671900574499": "", "5ad27fb9d7d075001a429782": "", "5ad27fb9d7d075001a429783": "", "5ad27fb9d7d075001a429784": "", "5ad27fb9d7d075001a429785": "discrepancies", "57378b141c4567190057449f": "general relativity", "57378b141c456719005744a0": "straight line", "57378b141c456719005744a1": "gravitational force", "57378b141c456719005744a2": "global", "5ad28035d7d075001a4297a6": "", "5ad28035d7d075001a4297a7": "", "5ad28035d7d075001a4297a8": "curved", "5ad28035d7d075001a4297a9": "", "57378c9b1c456719005744a7": "Lorentz's Law", "57378c9b1c456719005744a8": "electric current", "57378c9b1c456719005744a9": "", "57378c9b1c456719005744aa": "", "5ad280d4d7d075001a4297d6": "the force on a charge moving in a magnetic field", "5ad280d4d7d075001a4297d7": "electricity and magnetism", "5ad280d4d7d075001a4297d8": "", "5ad280d4d7d075001a4297d9": "", "57378e311c456719005744af": "James Clerk Maxwell", "57378e311c456719005744b0": "1864", "57378e311c456719005744b1": "", "57378e311c456719005744b2": "4", "57378e311c456719005744b3": "Maxwell", "5ad28173d7d075001a4297fa": "", "5ad28173d7d075001a4297fb": "James Clerk Maxwell", "5ad28173d7d075001a4297fc": "", "5ad28173d7d075001a4297fd": "Maxwell", "573792ee1c456719005744b9": "", "573792ee1c456719005744ba": "quantum mechanics", "573792ee1c456719005744bb": "", "573792ee1c456719005744bc": "photons", "573792ee1c456719005744bd": "quantum electrodynamics", "5ad28237d7d075001a429820": "", "5ad28237d7d075001a429821": "", "5ad28237d7d075001a429822": "", "5ad28237d7d075001a429823": "electromagnetism", "5737958b1c456719005744c3": "electromagnetic force", "5737958b1c456719005744c4": "repulsion of like charges under the influence of the electromagnetic force. However, these characteristics actually result from the Pauli exclusion principle.[citation", "5737958b1c456719005744c5": "", "5737958b1c456719005744c6": "", "5ad283bcd7d075001a42985a": "", "5ad283bcd7d075001a42985b": "", "5ad283bcd7d075001a42985c": "", "5ad283bcd7d075001a42985d": "", "573796edc3c5551400e51f33": "", "573796edc3c5551400e51f34": "", "573796edc3c5551400e51f35": "", "573796edc3c5551400e51f36": "", "573796edc3c5551400e51f37": "", "5ad28471d7d075001a429876": "", "5ad28471d7d075001a429877": "", "5ad28471d7d075001a429878": "", "5ad28471d7d075001a429879": "", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3d": "", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3e": "", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3f": "neutrons in atomic nuclei) and the associated radioactivity", "57379829c3c5551400e51f40": "", "57379829c3c5551400e51f41": "1015 kelvins", "5ad28597d7d075001a4298ae": "", "5ad28597d7d075001a4298af": "beta", "5ad28597d7d075001a4298b0": "", "5ad28597d7d075001a4298b1": "", "57379a4b1c456719005744cd": "", "57379a4b1c456719005744ce": "", "57379a4b1c456719005744cf": "fermionic nature of electrons", "57379a4b1c456719005744d0": "", "5ad28614d7d075001a4298c0": "", "5ad28614d7d075001a4298c1": "", "5ad28614d7d075001a4298c2": "", "5ad28614d7d075001a4298c3": "", "57379ed81c456719005744d5": "ideal strings", "57379ed81c456719005744d6": "ideal pulleys", "57379ed81c456719005744d7": "action-reaction pairs", "57379ed81c456719005744d8": "conservation of mechanical energy", "57379ed81c456719005744d9": "", "5ad2866ed7d075001a4298e6": "", "5ad2866ed7d075001a4298e7": "", "5ad2866ed7d075001a4298e8": "", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f47": "", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f48": "", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f49": "extended fluids", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4a": "other parts of an object", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4b": "", "5ad286fdd7d075001a429900": "", "5ad286fdd7d075001a429901": "", "5ad286fdd7d075001a429902": "along the pressure gradients", "5ad286fdd7d075001a429903": "", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f51": "", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f52": "", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f53": "", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f54": "", "5ad2877cd7d075001a429912": "", "5ad2877cd7d075001a429913": "", "5ad2877cd7d075001a429914": "", "5ad2877cd7d075001a429915": "", "5737a4511c456719005744df": "", "5737a4511c456719005744e0": "an unbalanced torque", "5737a4511c456719005744e1": "Second Law of Motion", "5ad28846d7d075001a42992e": "rotational", "5ad28846d7d075001a42992f": "", "5ad28846d7d075001a429930": "", "5ad28846d7d075001a429931": "", "5737a5931c456719005744e7": "", "5737a5931c456719005744e8": "", "5737a5931c456719005744e9": "radial (centripetal) force", "5737a5931c456719005744ea": "radial", "5737a5931c456719005744eb": "tangential force", "5ad288e1d7d075001a429970": "", "5ad288e1d7d075001a429971": "", "5ad288e1d7d075001a429972": "", "5ad288e1d7d075001a429973": "", "5737a7351c456719005744f1": "", "5737a7351c456719005744f2": "", "5737a7351c456719005744f3": "", "5737a7351c456719005744f4": "", "5737a7351c456719005744f5": "", "5ad2895bd7d075001a429982": "", "5ad2895bd7d075001a429983": "", "5ad2895bd7d075001a429984": "", "5ad2895bd7d075001a429985": "", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f59": "forces as being due to gradient of potentials", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5a": "gradient of potentials", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5b": "", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5c": "Nonconservative", "5ad289c2d7d075001a42999e": "", "5ad289c2d7d075001a42999f": "", "5ad289c2d7d075001a4299a0": "", "5ad289c2d7d075001a4299a1": "other contact forces, tension, compression, and drag", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f61": "statistical mechanics", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f62": "nonconservative forces", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f63": "", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f64": "", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f65": "nonconservative forces", "5ad28a57d7d075001a4299b0": "", "5ad28a57d7d075001a4299b1": "", "5ad28a57d7d075001a4299b2": "heat", "5ad28a57d7d075001a4299b3": "", "5737aafd1c456719005744fb": "", "5737aafd1c456719005744fc": "kilopond", "5737aafd1c456719005744fd": "", "5737aafd1c456719005744fe": "", "5737aafd1c456719005744ff": "", "5ad28ad0d7d075001a4299cc": "", "5ad28ad0d7d075001a4299cd": "", "5ad28ad0d7d075001a4299ce": "", "5ad28ad0d7d075001a4299cf": "" }