{ "56ddde6b9a695914005b9628": "France.", "56ddde6b9a695914005b9629": "10th and 11th centuries", "56ddde6b9a695914005b962a": "Denmark, Iceland and Norway", "56ddde6b9a695914005b962b": "Rollo,", "56ddde6b9a695914005b962c": "10th", "5ad39d53604f3c001a3fe8d1": "", "5ad39d53604f3c001a3fe8d2": "", "5ad39d53604f3c001a3fe8d3": "", "5ad39d53604f3c001a3fe8d4": "", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad5f": "William the Conqueror,", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad60": "Richard I of Normandy", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad61": "The Normans were famed for their martial spirit and eventually for their Christian piety, becoming exponents of the Catholic orthodoxy into which they assimilated.", "5ad3a266604f3c001a3fea27": "", "5ad3a266604f3c001a3fea28": "", "5ad3a266604f3c001a3fea29": "", "5ad3a266604f3c001a3fea2a": "Richard I of Normandy", "5ad3a266604f3c001a3fea2b": "", "56dde0379a695914005b9636": "\"Norseman, Viking\".", "56dde0379a695914005b9637": "9th century)", "5ad3ab70604f3c001a3feb89": "", "5ad3ab70604f3c001a3feb8a": "", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad75": "911", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad76": "King Charles III", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad77": "river Seine,", "5ad3ad61604f3c001a3fec0d": "10th century,", "5ad3ad61604f3c001a3fec0e": "", "5ad3ad61604f3c001a3fec0f": "", "5ad3ad61604f3c001a3fec10": "further Viking incursions.", "56dde1d966d3e219004dad8d": "", "5ad3ae14604f3c001a3fec39": "", "5ad3ae14604f3c001a3fec3a": "Danes, Norwegians, Norse\u2013Gaels, Orkney Vikings,", "56dde27d9a695914005b9651": "", "56dde27d9a695914005b9652": "north", "5ad3af11604f3c001a3fec63": "", "5ad3af11604f3c001a3fec64": "", "5ad3af11604f3c001a3fec65": "", "56dde2fa66d3e219004dad9b": "fighting horsemen", "5ad3c626604f3c001a3ff011": "", "5ad3c626604f3c001a3ff012": "fighting horsemen", "5ad3c626604f3c001a3ff013": "", "56de0f6a4396321400ee257f": "Pechenegs, the Bulgars, and especially the Seljuk Turks.", "5ad3dbc6604f3c001a3ff3e9": "Normans", "5ad3dbc6604f3c001a3ff3ea": "Pechenegs, the Bulgars, and especially the Seljuk Turks.", "5ad3dbc6604f3c001a3ff3eb": "", "5ad3dbc6604f3c001a3ff3ec": "Sicilian campaign of George Maniaces", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258d": "1050s.", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258e": "1060s,", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258f": "Alexius Komnenos.", "5ad3de8b604f3c001a3ff467": "", "5ad3de8b604f3c001a3ff468": "", "5ad3de8b604f3c001a3ff469": "", "5ad3de8b604f3c001a3ff46a": "", "56de10b44396321400ee2593": "Afranji,", "56de10b44396321400ee2594": "Oursel", "56de10b44396321400ee2595": "Turkish forces", "5ad3e96b604f3c001a3ff689": "", "5ad3e96b604f3c001a3ff68a": "", "5ad3e96b604f3c001a3ff68b": "", "5ad3e96b604f3c001a3ff68c": "upper Euphrates valley in northern Syria.", "56de11154396321400ee25aa": "an Italo-Norman", "5ad3ea79604f3c001a3ff6e9": "Byzantine Greece", "5ad3ea79604f3c001a3ff6ea": "", "5ad3ea79604f3c001a3ff6eb": "", "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bc": "Robert Guiscard,", "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bd": "February 1082,", "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5be": "30,000", "5ad3ed26604f3c001a3ff799": "", "5ad3ed26604f3c001a3ff79a": "", "5ad3ed26604f3c001a3ff79b": "", "5ad3ed26604f3c001a3ff79c": "30,000", "56de15104396321400ee25b7": "Deabolis.", "56de15104396321400ee25b8": "Bohemond,", "56de15104396321400ee25b9": "Deabolis,", "5ad3ee2d604f3c001a3ff7e1": "", "5ad3ee2d604f3c001a3ff7e2": "", "5ad3ee2d604f3c001a3ff7e3": "Robert's", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c2": "1185,", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c3": "Dyrrachium\u2014one", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c4": "the Adriatic\u2014fell", "5ad3f028604f3c001a3ff823": "", "5ad3f028604f3c001a3ff824": "", "5ad3f028604f3c001a3ff825": "", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c8": "King Ethelred II of England.", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c9": "", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5ca": "Normandy", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5cb": "Sweyn Forkbeard.", "5ad3f187604f3c001a3ff86f": "", "5ad3f187604f3c001a3ff870": "", "5ad3f187604f3c001a3ff871": "Normans", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d0": "Harthacnut,", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d1": "1041,", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d2": "Robert of Jumi\u00e8ges", "5ad3f350604f3c001a3ff8ef": "1041,", "5ad3f350604f3c001a3ff8f0": "", "5ad3f350604f3c001a3ff8f1": "", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c5": "Battle of Hastings.", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c6": "Duke William II of Normandy", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c7": "1066,", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c8": "Anglo-Saxons", "5ad3f4b1604f3c001a3ff951": "", "5ad3f4b1604f3c001a3ff952": "", "5ad3f4b1604f3c001a3ff953": "", "5ad3f4b1604f3c001a3ff954": "", "56de1728cffd8e1900b4b5d7": "Modern English.", "5ad3f5b0604f3c001a3ff9ab": "", "5ad3f5b0604f3c001a3ff9ac": "", "5ad3f5b0604f3c001a3ff9ad": "Geoffrey Chaucer.", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5da": "1169.", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5db": "", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5dc": "Irish", "5ad3f6f5604f3c001a3ffa09": "", "5ad3f6f5604f3c001a3ffa0a": "", "5ad3f6f5604f3c001a3ffa0b": "", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e0": "", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e1": "King Malcolm III", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e2": "1072,", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e3": "his son Duncan", "5ad3f7ac604f3c001a3ffa3b": "", "5ad3f7ac604f3c001a3ffa3c": "", "5ad3f7ac604f3c001a3ffa3d": "Duncan", "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6be": "Sybilla of Normandy,", "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6bf": "Norman", "5ad3f8d2604f3c001a3ffa8d": "", "5ad3f8d2604f3c001a3ffa8e": "", "56de3d594396321400ee26ca": "Hereford", "56de3d594396321400ee26cb": "the Welsh.", "56de3d594396321400ee26cc": "Edward the Confessor", "5ad3fb01604f3c001a3ffb35": "", "5ad3fb01604f3c001a3ffb36": "", "56de3dbacffd8e1900b4b6d2": "the Marches", "5ad3fb6e604f3c001a3ffb5f": "", "5ad3fb6e604f3c001a3ffb60": "", "56de3e414396321400ee26d8": "1018,", "56de3e414396321400ee26d9": "William of Montreuil", "5ad3fc41604f3c001a3ffb8f": "Antioch.", "5ad3fc41604f3c001a3ffb90": "", "5ad3fc41604f3c001a3ffb91": "", "5ad3fc41604f3c001a3ffb92": "", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e6": "1097,", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e7": "Tancred", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e8": "Jerusalem", "5ad4017a604f3c001a3ffd1f": "", "5ad4017a604f3c001a3ffd20": "", "56de3efccffd8e1900b4b6fe": "380 years.", "5ad401f2604f3c001a3ffd41": "", "5ad401f2604f3c001a3ffd42": "", "56de3f784396321400ee26fa": "a storm", "56de3f784396321400ee26fb": "Berengaria", "56de3f784396321400ee26fc": "1191", "56de3f784396321400ee26fd": "Isaac Komnenos.", "5ad40280604f3c001a3ffd57": "", "5ad40280604f3c001a3ffd58": "", "5ad40280604f3c001a3ffd59": "", "56de40da4396321400ee2708": "Conrad of Montferrat.", "56de40da4396321400ee2709": "silver", "56de40da4396321400ee270a": "Guy de Lusignan.", "5ad404a6604f3c001a3ffde1": "", "5ad404a6604f3c001a3ffde2": "", "5ad404a6604f3c001a3ffde3": "", "56de49564396321400ee277a": "Africa.", "5ad40419604f3c001a3ffdb7": "", "5ad40419604f3c001a3ffdb8": "", "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a7": "Bethencourt", "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a8": "Enrique P\u00e9rez de Guzm\u00e1n, 2nd Count de Niebla.", "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a9": "Maciot de Bethencourt", "5ad403c1604f3c001a3ffd97": "", "5ad403c1604f3c001a3ffd98": "", "56de4a474396321400ee2786": "Channel Islands.", "56de4a474396321400ee2787": "two", "5ad40358604f3c001a3ffd7d": "", "5ad40358604f3c001a3ffd7e": "", "5ad40358604f3c001a3ffd7f": "", "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7bd": "Romanesque", "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7be": "rounded", "5ad402ce604f3c001a3ffd67": "rounded arches,", "56de4b074396321400ee2793": "Early Gothic.", "56de4b074396321400ee2794": "Early Gothic.", "56de4b074396321400ee2795": "Kingdom of Sicily.", "5ad400b0604f3c001a3ffcdf": "", "5ad400b0604f3c001a3ffce0": "", "5ad400b0604f3c001a3ffce1": "", "56de4b5c4396321400ee2799": "early 11th century", "56de4b5c4396321400ee279a": "the dukes", "5ad3ffd7604f3c001a3ffca7": "", "5ad3ffd7604f3c001a3ffca8": "", "5ad3ffd7604f3c001a3ffca9": "", "5ad3ffd7604f3c001a3ffcaa": "", "56de4bb84396321400ee27a2": "16th century", "5ad3ff1b604f3c001a3ffc73": "", "5ad3ff1b604f3c001a3ffc74": "", "56de4c324396321400ee27ab": "embroidery.", "56de4c324396321400ee27ac": "the Bayeux Tapestry,", "56de4c324396321400ee27ad": "Odo, the Bishop of Bayeux and first Earl of Kent,", "5ad3fe91604f3c001a3ffc47": "", "5ad3fe91604f3c001a3ffc48": "", "56de51244396321400ee27ef": "mosaics,", "5ad3fe0d604f3c001a3ffc1b": "", "5ad3fe0d604f3c001a3ffc1c": "stonework or metalwork,", "5ad3fe0d604f3c001a3ffc1d": "", "56de51c64396321400ee27f7": "11th", "56de51c64396321400ee27f8": "William of Volpiano and John of Ravenna,", "5ad3fd68604f3c001a3ffbe7": "", "5ad3fd68604f3c001a3ffbe8": "musical production and education.", "56de52614396321400ee27fb": "southern Italy,", "56de52614396321400ee27fc": "Sant'Eufemia.", "56de52614396321400ee27fd": "Robert Guiscard", "56de52614396321400ee27fe": "singing", "5ad3fccf604f3c001a3ffbb5": "", "56e16182e3433e1400422e28": "Computational complexity theory", "56e16182e3433e1400422e29": "inherent difficulty,", "56e16182e3433e1400422e2a": "computational problem", "5ad5316b5b96ef001a10ab72": "", "5ad5316b5b96ef001a10ab73": "Computational complexity theory", "5ad5316b5b96ef001a10ab74": "", "5ad5316b5b96ef001a10ab75": "", "5ad5316b5b96ef001a10ab76": "", "56e16839cd28a01900c67887": "significant resources,", "56e16839cd28a01900c67888": "The theory", "56e16839cd28a01900c67889": "time and storage.", "56e16839cd28a01900c6788a": "number of gates", "56e16839cd28a01900c6788b": "", "5ad532575b96ef001a10ab7c": "", "5ad532575b96ef001a10ab7d": "", "5ad532575b96ef001a10ab7e": "", "5ad532575b96ef001a10ab7f": "number of gates", "5ad532575b96ef001a10ab80": "", "56e17644e3433e1400422f40": "analysis of algorithms and computability theory.", "56e17644e3433e1400422f41": "", "56e17644e3433e1400422f42": "computational complexity theory", "56e17644e3433e1400422f43": "computability theory.", "5ad5344b5b96ef001a10ab86": "", "5ad5344b5b96ef001a10ab87": "", "5ad5344b5b96ef001a10ab88": "", "5ad5344b5b96ef001a10ab89": "", "5ad5344b5b96ef001a10ab8a": "", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a1": "a problem instance,", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a2": "a problem", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a3": "concrete", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a4": "", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a5": "solution", "5ad5364c5b96ef001a10ab90": "", "5ad5364c5b96ef001a10ab91": "", "5ad5364c5b96ef001a10ab92": "", "5ad5364c5b96ef001a10ab93": "", "5ad5364c5b96ef001a10ab94": "", "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f7f": "2000", "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f80": "Is there a route of at most 2000 kilometres passing through all of Germany's 15 largest cities?", "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f81": "", "5ad537a15b96ef001a10ab9a": "", "5ad537a15b96ef001a10ab9b": "", "5ad537a15b96ef001a10ab9c": "", "5ad537a15b96ef001a10ab9d": "", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa0": "a problem instance", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa1": "the binary alphabet", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa2": "bitstrings.", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa3": "in", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa4": "directly via their adjacency matrices,", "5ad5391e5b96ef001a10aba2": "", "5ad5391e5b96ef001a10aba3": "", "5ad5391e5b96ef001a10aba4": "a problem instance", "5ad5391e5b96ef001a10aba5": "", "5ad5391e5b96ef001a10aba6": "", "56e190bce3433e1400422fc8": "Decision problems", "56e190bce3433e1400422fc9": "yes or no,", "56e190bce3433e1400422fca": "yes or no, or alternately either 1 or 0.", "56e190bce3433e1400422fcb": "yes,", "56e190bce3433e1400422fcc": "yes,", "5ad53b9d5b96ef001a10abc8": "Decision problems", "5ad53b9d5b96ef001a10abc9": "", "5ad53b9d5b96ef001a10abca": "", "5ad53b9d5b96ef001a10abcb": "", "5ad53b9d5b96ef001a10abcc": "yes,", "56e19557e3433e1400422fee": "arbitrary graph.", "56e19557e3433e1400422ff0": "The formal language", "56e19557e3433e1400422ff1": "how graphs are encoded as binary strings.", "5ad53d705b96ef001a10abd2": "", "5ad53d705b96ef001a10abd3": "", "5ad53d705b96ef001a10abd4": "", "5ad53d705b96ef001a10abd5": "", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f6": "computational problem", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f7": "single output", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f8": "function problem", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f9": "the integer factorization problem.", "56e19724cd28a01900c679fa": "more complex", "5ad53e615b96ef001a10abda": "", "5ad53e615b96ef001a10abdb": "", "5ad53e615b96ef001a10abdc": "", "5ad53e615b96ef001a10abdd": "", "5ad53e615b96ef001a10abde": "more complex", "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2e": "decision problems.", "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2f": "the set of triples", "5ad53f815b96ef001a10abe4": "", "5ad53f815b96ef001a10abe5": "", "5ad53f815b96ef001a10abe6": "", "56e1a38de3433e140042305c": "the size of the input in bits.", "56e1a38de3433e140042305d": "the instance.", "56e1a38de3433e140042305e": "as a function of the size of the instance.", "56e1a38de3433e140042305f": "bits.", "56e1a38de3433e1400423060": "input size.", "5ad541ad5b96ef001a10abea": "", "5ad541ad5b96ef001a10abeb": "", "5ad541ad5b96ef001a10abec": "as a function of the size of the instance.", "5ad541ad5b96ef001a10abed": "", "5ad541ad5b96ef001a10abee": "", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a48": "Cobham's", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a49": "time taken", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4a": "", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4b": "", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4c": "polynomial time algorithm.", "5ad542db5b96ef001a10abf4": "", "5ad542db5b96ef001a10abf5": "Cobham's", "5ad542db5b96ef001a10abf6": "", "5ad542db5b96ef001a10abf7": "", "5ad542db5b96ef001a10abf8": "", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423094": "Turing machine", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423095": "an algorithm,", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423097": "the Turing machine", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423098": "symbols", "5ad543c05b96ef001a10abfe": "", "5ad543c05b96ef001a10abff": "", "5ad543c05b96ef001a10ac00": "", "5ad543c05b96ef001a10ac01": "", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a68": "deterministic Turing machine", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a69": "uses a fixed set of rules to determine its future actions.", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6a": "probabilistic", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6b": "non-deterministic", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6c": "randomized algorithms.", "5ad546c75b96ef001a10ac0e": "", "5ad546c75b96ef001a10ac0f": "", "5ad546c75b96ef001a10ac10": "", "5ad546c75b96ef001a10ac11": "", "5ad546c75b96ef001a10ac12": "", "56e1b00ce3433e140042309e": "complexity classes,", "56e1b00ce3433e140042309f": "resources (such as time or space) are bounded,", "56e1b00ce3433e14004230a1": "deterministic Turing machines, probabilistic Turing machines,", "5ad545545b96ef001a10ac06": "", "5ad545545b96ef001a10ac07": "", "5ad545545b96ef001a10ac08": "", "5ad545545b96ef001a10ac09": "", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a72": "random access machines.", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a73": "extra computational power.", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a74": "time and memory", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a75": "operate deterministically.", "5ad547945b96ef001a10ac18": "", "5ad547945b96ef001a10ac19": "time and memory consumption", "5ad547945b96ef001a10ac1a": "time and memory", "5ad547945b96ef001a10ac1b": "", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b0": "non-deterministic", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b1": "more unusual resources.", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b2": "time", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b3": "non-deterministic time", "5ad5489b5b96ef001a10ac2a": "", "5ad5489b5b96ef001a10ac2b": "", "5ad5489b5b96ef001a10ac2c": "", "5ad5489b5b96ef001a10ac2d": "", "5ad5489b5b96ef001a10ac2e": "", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa3": "the total number of state transitions, or steps,", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa4": "difficulty,", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa5": "DTIME(f(n)).", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa6": "time and space,", "5ad54a375b96ef001a10ac48": "", "5ad54a375b96ef001a10ac49": "", "5ad54a375b96ef001a10ac4a": "DTIME(f(n)).", "5ad54a375b96ef001a10ac4b": "", "5ad54a375b96ef001a10ac4c": "", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abc": "complexity", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abd": "computational", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abe": "Blum complexity axioms.", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abf": "Complexity", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67ac0": "complexity", "5ad54b035b96ef001a10ac52": "", "5ad54b035b96ef001a10ac53": "", "5ad54b035b96ef001a10ac54": "", "5ad54b035b96ef001a10ac55": "", "5ad54b035b96ef001a10ac56": "", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e6": "best, worst and average", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e7": "", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e8": "", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e9": "inputs", "5ad54c2f5b96ef001a10ac5c": "", "5ad54c2f5b96ef001a10ac5d": "", "5ad54c2f5b96ef001a10ac5e": "", "5ad54c2f5b96ef001a10ac5f": "", "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae0": "deterministic sorting algorithm quicksort.", "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae1": "", "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae2": "O(n2)", "5ad54d625b96ef001a10ac64": "", "5ad54d625b96ef001a10ac65": "", "5ad54d625b96ef001a10ac66": "best case", "5ad54d625b96ef001a10ac67": "", "5ad54d625b96ef001a10ac68": "", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423104": "the most efficient algorithm solving a given problem.", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423105": "analysis of algorithms.", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423106": "", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423107": "running time", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423108": "", "5ad54e7c5b96ef001a10ac76": "the minimum amount of time required by the most efficient algorithm solving a given problem.", "5ad54e7c5b96ef001a10ac77": "", "5ad54e7c5b96ef001a10ac78": "", "5ad54e7c5b96ef001a10ac79": "", "5ad54e7c5b96ef001a10ac7a": "", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afc": "big O notation,", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afd": "constant factors and smaller terms.", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afe": "T(n) = O(n2).", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67aff": "computational model used.", "5ad54f775b96ef001a10ac88": "", "5ad54f775b96ef001a10ac89": "", "5ad54f775b96ef001a10ac8a": "", "5ad54f775b96ef001a10ac8b": "", "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2c": "complexity classes", "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2d": "", "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2e": "complicated definitions", "5ad5501f5b96ef001a10ac90": "", "5ad5501f5b96ef001a10ac91": "", "5ad5501f5b96ef001a10ac92": "", "5ad5501f5b96ef001a10ac93": "", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423134": "the chosen machine model.", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423135": "in", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423136": "single-tape", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423137": "Cobham-Edmonds thesis", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423138": "complexity class P,", "5ad55ee35b96ef001a10ace4": "", "5ad55ee35b96ef001a10ace5": "", "5ad55ee35b96ef001a10ace6": "", "5ad55ee35b96ef001a10ace7": "", "5ad55ee35b96ef001a10ace8": "Cobham-Edmonds thesis", "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423148": "time or space", "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423149": "", "56e1c3e1e3433e140042314a": "complexity classes", "5ad55fe75b96ef001a10ad0c": "", "5ad55fe75b96ef001a10ad0d": "", "5ad55fe75b96ef001a10ad0e": "", "5ad55fe75b96ef001a10ad0f": "", "56e1c4fce3433e140042314e": "BPP, ZPP and RP,", "56e1c4fce3433e140042314f": "Boolean circuits;", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423150": "quantum", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423151": "#P", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423152": "Interactive", "5ad560b85b96ef001a10ad1e": "BPP, ZPP and RP,", "5ad560b85b96ef001a10ad1f": "", "5ad560b85b96ef001a10ad20": "", "5ad560b85b96ef001a10ad21": "", "5ad560b85b96ef001a10ad22": "", "56e1c720e3433e140042316a": "computation time", "56e1c720e3433e140042316b": "DTIME(n2),", "56e1c720e3433e140042316c": "time and space hierarchy", "56e1c720e3433e140042316d": "proper hierarchy", "56e1c720e3433e140042316e": "quantitative", "5ad561c85b96ef001a10ad3c": "", "5ad561c85b96ef001a10ad3d": "", "5ad561c85b96ef001a10ad3e": "", "5ad561c85b96ef001a10ad3f": "", "5ad561c85b96ef001a10ad40": "", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b74": "time and space hierarchy theorems", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b75": "", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b76": "PSPACE.", "5ad562525b96ef001a10ad50": "", "5ad562525b96ef001a10ad51": "", "5ad562525b96ef001a10ad52": "", "5ad562525b96ef001a10ad53": "", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423192": "a reduction.", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423193": "another problem.", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423194": "X reduces", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423195": "Cook reductions, Karp reductions and Levin reductions,", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423196": "reductions, based on the method of reduction, such as Cook reductions, Karp reductions and Levin reductions, and the bound on the complexity of reductions,", "5ad5632f5b96ef001a10ad6c": "", "5ad5632f5b96ef001a10ad6d": "", "5ad5632f5b96ef001a10ad6e": "", "5ad5632f5b96ef001a10ad6f": "", "5ad5632f5b96ef001a10ad70": "", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bac": "polynomial-time", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bad": "multiplying two integers.", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bae": "", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67baf": "input", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bb0": "multiplication.", "5ad5648b5b96ef001a10ad94": "", "5ad5648b5b96ef001a10ad95": "", "5ad5648b5b96ef001a10ad96": "", "5ad5648b5b96ef001a10ad97": "", "5ad5648b5b96ef001a10ad98": "", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a4": "", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a5": "", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a6": "solve any problem in C.", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a8": "NP-hard problems.", "5ad565575b96ef001a10adb2": "", "5ad565575b96ef001a10adb3": "", "5ad565575b96ef001a10adb4": "", "5ad565575b96ef001a10adb5": "", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cb": "NP-complete problems", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cc": "P.", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cd": "there is no known polynomial-time solution for \u03a01.", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231ce": "NP.", "5ad566375b96ef001a10adce": "", "5ad566375b96ef001a10adcf": "", "5ad566375b96ef001a10add0": "", "5ad566375b96ef001a10add1": "", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bca": "P", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcb": "the Cobham\u2013Edmonds thesis.", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcc": "NP,", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcd": "Boolean satisfiability problem,", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bce": "", "5ad567055b96ef001a10adea": "", "5ad567055b96ef001a10adeb": "", "5ad567055b96ef001a10adec": "", "5ad567055b96ef001a10aded": "", "5ad567055b96ef001a10adee": "", "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d5": "many important problems can be shown to have more efficient solutions.", "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d6": "protein structure prediction", "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d8": "US$1,000,000", "5ad568175b96ef001a10ae10": "", "5ad568175b96ef001a10ae11": "", "5ad568175b96ef001a10ae12": "", "5ad568175b96ef001a10ae13": "", "5ad568175b96ef001a10ae14": "", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd4": "Ladner", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd5": "NP-intermediate problems.", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd6": "The graph isomorphism problem, the discrete logarithm problem and the integer factorization problem", "5ad568d35b96ef001a10ae1a": "", "5ad568d35b96ef001a10ae1b": "The graph isomorphism problem,", "5ad568d35b96ef001a10ae1c": "", "5ad568d35b96ef001a10ae1d": "The graph isomorphism problem, the discrete logarithm problem and the integer factorization problem", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fc": "The graph isomorphism problem", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fd": "", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fe": "", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231ff": "second level.", "56e1e9dfe3433e1400423200": "Laszlo Babai and Eugene Luks", "5ad569c05b96ef001a10ae36": "", "5ad569c05b96ef001a10ae37": "", "5ad569c05b96ef001a10ae38": "", "5ad569c05b96ef001a10ae39": "", "5ad569c05b96ef001a10ae3a": "", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0a": "", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0b": "k.", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0c": "RSA algorithm.", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0e": "the general number field sieve,", "5ad56aea5b96ef001a10ae48": "", "5ad56aea5b96ef001a10ae49": "", "5ad56aea5b96ef001a10ae4a": "", "5ad56aea5b96ef001a10ae4b": "", "5ad56aea5b96ef001a10ae4c": "", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423210": "unequal,", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423211": "P \u2286 NP \u2286 PP \u2286 PSPACE,", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423212": "between P and PSPACE,", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423214": "Proving that any of these classes are unequal", "5ad56bcd5b96ef001a10ae62": "", "5ad56bcd5b96ef001a10ae63": "P \u2286 NP \u2286 PP \u2286 PSPACE,", "5ad56bcd5b96ef001a10ae64": "between P and PSPACE,", "5ad56bcd5b96ef001a10ae65": "", "5ad56bcd5b96ef001a10ae66": "", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321a": "co-NP", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321b": "reversed)", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321c": "It has been shown that if these two complexity classes are not equal then P is not equal to NP.", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321d": "P is not equal to NP.", "5ad56c6b5b96ef001a10ae6c": "co-NP", "5ad56c6b5b96ef001a10ae6d": "", "5ad56c6b5b96ef001a10ae6e": "", "5ad56c6b5b96ef001a10ae6f": "", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423222": "L", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423223": "strictly contained in P or equal to P.", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423224": "many complexity classes", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423225": "NL and NC,", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423226": "if they are distinct or equal classes.", "5ad56d3e5b96ef001a10ae84": "", "5ad56d3e5b96ef001a10ae85": "equal to P.", "5ad56d3e5b96ef001a10ae86": "", "5ad56d3e5b96ef001a10ae87": "", "5ad56d3e5b96ef001a10ae88": "", "56e1fc57e3433e140042322c": "intractable problems.", "56e1fc57e3433e140042322f": "polynomial time", "56e1fc57e3433e1400423230": "NP-complete problems", "5ad56e5c5b96ef001a10ae9e": "", "5ad56e5c5b96ef001a10ae9f": "", "5ad56e5c5b96ef001a10aea0": "", "5ad56e5c5b96ef001a10aea1": "", "5ad56e5c5b96ef001a10aea2": "", "56e1febfe3433e1400423236": "Presburger", "56e1febfe3433e1400423237": "algorithms have been written", "56e1febfe3433e1400423238": "NP-complete knapsack problem", "56e1febfe3433e1400423239": "less than quadratic time", "56e1febfe3433e140042323a": "NP-complete Boolean satisfiability problem.", "5ad56ef05b96ef001a10aea8": "Presburger", "5ad56ef05b96ef001a10aea9": "", "5ad56ef05b96ef001a10aeaa": "", "5ad56ef05b96ef001a10aeab": "", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c14": "foundations were laid out", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c15": "", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c16": "Turing machines", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c17": "1936,", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c18": "a computer.", "5ad56fe65b96ef001a10aec2": "", "5ad56fe65b96ef001a10aec3": "", "5ad56fe65b96ef001a10aec4": "", "5ad56fe65b96ef001a10aec5": "", "5ad56fe65b96ef001a10aec6": "", "56e202e9e3433e1400423240": "\"On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms\"", "56e202e9e3433e1400423241": "Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns", "56e202e9e3433e1400423242": "", "56e202e9e3433e1400423243": "time and space", "56e202e9e3433e1400423244": "1965", "5ad570b25b96ef001a10aedc": "", "5ad570b25b96ef001a10aedd": "", "5ad570b25b96ef001a10aede": "", "5ad570b25b96ef001a10aedf": "time and space complexity", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1e": "John Myhill's", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1f": "(19", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c20": "Hisao Yamada's", "5ad5719f5b96ef001a10aeec": "", "5ad5719f5b96ef001a10aeed": "", "5ad5719f5b96ef001a10aeee": "", "5ad5719f5b96ef001a10aeef": "", "5ad5719f5b96ef001a10aef0": "", "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c24": "input encoding,", "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c25": "encoding.", "5ad53ac65b96ef001a10abac": "", "5ad53ac65b96ef001a10abad": "", "5ad53ac65b96ef001a10abae": "", "5ad53ac65b96ef001a10abaf": "encoding.", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324a": "Manuel Blum", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324b": "speed-up theorem.", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324d": "\"Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems\",", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324e": "21", "5ad572b15b96ef001a10af06": "", "5ad572b15b96ef001a10af07": "", "5ad572b15b96ef001a10af08": "", "5ad572b15b96ef001a10af09": "", "5ad572b15b96ef001a10af0a": "", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d4": "SoCal,", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d5": "10", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d6": "economic center", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d7": "demographics and economic", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d8": "historical political divisions.", "5ad0178577cf76001a68698a": "", "5ad0178577cf76001a68698b": "Kern and San Luis Obispo counties,", "5ad0178577cf76001a68698c": "", "5705e33f52bb89140068964c": "Southern California Megaregion,", "5705e33f52bb89140068964d": "11", "5705e33f52bb89140068964e": "Nevada,", "5705e33f52bb89140068964f": "Mexican", "5705e33f52bb891400689650": "Tijuana.", "5ad0185a77cf76001a6869b8": "", "5ad0185a77cf76001a6869b9": "", "5ad0185a77cf76001a6869ba": "", "5705e3f252bb89140068966a": "Pacific coast", "5705e3f252bb89140068966b": "seven", "5705e3f252bb89140068966c": "12 million", "5705e3f252bb89140068966d": "", "5705e3f252bb89140068966e": "17.5 million", "5ad01a6277cf76001a686a0c": "60", "5ad01a6277cf76001a686a0d": "metropolitan areas,", "5ad01a6277cf76001a686a0e": "four million", "5ad01a6277cf76001a686a0f": "", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7704": "Colorado River", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7705": "Colorado Desert", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7706": "Mojave Desert", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7707": "Mexico\u2013United States", "5ad01c8877cf76001a686a64": "", "5ad01c8877cf76001a686a65": "Mojave Desert", "5ad01c8877cf76001a686a66": "", "5705e63175f01819005e7720": "California", "5705e63175f01819005e7721": "3,792,621,", "5705e63175f01819005e7722": "Los Angeles", "5705e63175f01819005e7723": "San Diego,", "5705e63175f01819005e7724": "south", "5ad01e4677cf76001a686aa6": "Los Angeles and San Diego,", "5ad01e4677cf76001a686aa7": "", "5ad01e4677cf76001a686aa8": "", "5ad01e4677cf76001a686aa9": "", "5705e99452bb891400689688": "", "5705e99452bb891400689689": "United States.", "5705e99452bb89140068968a": "Its counties", "5705e99452bb89140068968b": "", "5705e99452bb89140068968c": "", "5ad01f0f77cf76001a686ac2": "", "5ad01f0f77cf76001a686ac3": "15", "5ad01f0f77cf76001a686ac4": "", "5705eb3375f01819005e7764": "Hollywood,", "5705eb3375f01819005e7765": "Los Angeles,", "5705eb3375f01819005e7766": "The Walt Disney Company", "5705eb3375f01819005e7767": "music", "5705eb3375f01819005e7768": "Sony", "5ad0206677cf76001a686afa": "", "5ad0206677cf76001a686afb": "motion picture, television, and music", "5ad0206677cf76001a686afc": "", "5ad0206677cf76001a686afd": "", "5705ec1675f01819005e776e": "skateboard", "5705ec1675f01819005e776f": "Tony Hawk,", "5705ec1675f01819005e7770": "Shaun White", "5705ec1675f01819005e7771": "", "5705ec1675f01819005e7772": "Transpac,", "5ad0220a77cf76001a686b2a": "Southern California", "5ad0220a77cf76001a686b2b": "professional surfers", "5ad0220a77cf76001a686b2c": "southern California.", "5ad0220a77cf76001a686b2d": "", "5ad0220a77cf76001a686b2e": "", "5705eccb52bb8914006896b8": "Palm Springs", "5705eccb52bb8914006896b9": "beaches,", "5705eccb52bb8914006896ba": "southern", "5705eccb52bb8914006896bb": "open spaces.", "5ad0228a77cf76001a686b58": "locals and tourists", "5ad0228a77cf76001a686b59": "", "5ad0228a77cf76001a686b5a": "", "5705edcd52bb8914006896ca": "37\u00b0 9' 58.23\"", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cb": "11", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cc": "ten", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cd": "Tehachapi Mountains", "5705edcd52bb8914006896ce": "Tehachapi Mountains as the northern", "5ad0297e77cf76001a686c3a": "", "5ad0297e77cf76001a686c3b": "", "5ad0297e77cf76001a686c3c": "", "5ad0297e77cf76001a686c3d": "", "5705eee952bb8914006896de": "Mexico", "5705eee952bb8914006896df": "Alta California.", "5705eee952bb8914006896e0": "Monterey", "5705eee952bb8914006896e1": "the Compromise of 1850", "5705eee952bb8914006896e2": "a free state,", "5ad02cde77cf76001a686cc6": "", "5ad02cde77cf76001a686cc7": "", "5ad02cde77cf76001a686cc8": "", "5ad02cde77cf76001a686cc9": "", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a4": "inequitable taxes", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a5": "\"Cow Counties\"", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a6": "three", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a7": "75%", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a8": "Milton Latham.", "5ad02e5d77cf76001a686d3a": "", "5ad02e5d77cf76001a686d3b": "", "5ad02e5d77cf76001a686d3c": "", "5ad02e5d77cf76001a686d3d": "", "5ad02e5d77cf76001a686d3e": "", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f0": "Los Angeles Times", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f1": "1900,", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f2": "1900,", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f3": "county\u2014Imperial\u2014to", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f4": "seven", "5ad02ee077cf76001a686d58": "", "5ad02ee077cf76001a686d59": "", "5ad02ee077cf76001a686d5a": "", "5705f36452bb891400689718": "regional tourism groups", "5705f36452bb891400689719": "the California State Automobile Association", "5705f36452bb89140068971a": "three-region point of view.", "5705f36452bb89140068971b": "Tehachapis,", "5705f36452bb89140068971c": "southern California region", "5ad02ff177cf76001a686da2": "AAA Auto Clubs", "5ad02ff177cf76001a686da3": "", "5ad02ff177cf76001a686da4": "", "5ad02ff177cf76001a686da5": "", "5705f7c875f01819005e77dc": "third", "5705f7c875f01819005e77dd": "vast areas", "5705f7c875f01819005e77de": "use of automobiles and highways.", "5705f7c875f01819005e77df": "highways.", "5705f7c875f01819005e77e0": "international metropolitan region", "5ad0316a77cf76001a686de4": "Great Lakes Megalopolis and the Northeastern megalopolis.", "5ad0316a77cf76001a686de5": "", "5ad0316a77cf76001a686de6": "", "5705fb7f52bb891400689750": "Camp Pendleton.", "5705fb7f52bb891400689751": "Inland Empire.", "5705fb7f52bb891400689752": "", "5705fb7f52bb891400689753": "Orange Counties,", "5705fb7f52bb891400689754": "1990s.", "5ad0331877cf76001a686e16": "", "5ad0331877cf76001a686e17": "L.A. and Orange Counties,", "5ad0331877cf76001a686e18": "", "5ad0331877cf76001a686e19": "Santa Maria and San Luis Obispo areas.", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976a": "Mediterranean", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976b": "infrequent rain", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976c": "90-60's", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976d": "rare", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976e": "70-50's,", "5ad0381a77cf76001a686e30": "Mediterranean", "5ad0381a77cf76001a686e31": "", "5ad0381a77cf76001a686e32": "", "5ad0381a77cf76001a686e33": "snow", "5705fd8475f01819005e7840": "natural ecosystem", "5705fd8475f01819005e7841": "Pacific Ocean", "5705fd8475f01819005e7842": "topographic,", "5705fd8475f01819005e7843": "Peninsular Ranges", "5705fd8475f01819005e7844": "interior valleys,", "5ad0394877cf76001a686e56": "", "5ad0394877cf76001a686e57": "", "5ad0394877cf76001a686e58": "Pacific", "5ad0394877cf76001a686e59": "Southern California", "5705fec152bb89140068977a": "10,000", "5705fec152bb89140068977b": "Nearly all of them are so small that they are not felt.", "5705fec152bb89140068977c": "6.7", "5705fec152bb89140068977d": "property damage", "5705fec152bb89140068977e": "over $20 billion.", "5ad03c7377cf76001a686ebc": "", "5ad03c7377cf76001a686ebd": "", "5ad03c7377cf76001a686ebe": "", "5ad03c7377cf76001a686ebf": "15\u201320", "5705ffde52bb891400689784": "San Andreas Fault,", "5705ffde52bb891400689785": "magnitude 6.7+", "5705ffde52bb891400689786": "the Puente Hills Fault,", "5705ffde52bb891400689787": "USGS", "5705ffde52bb891400689788": "occurrence", "5ad03d2277cf76001a686ecc": "", "5ad03d2277cf76001a686ecd": "San Jacinto Fault, the Puente Hills Fault, and the Elsinore Fault Zone.", "5ad03d2277cf76001a686ece": "", "5ad03d2277cf76001a686ecf": "", "570602fa52bb89140068979e": "economically", "570602fa52bb89140068979f": "global", "570602fa52bb8914006897a0": "economic", "5ad0410977cf76001a686efe": "a city", "5ad0410977cf76001a686eff": "the hub of economic activity for its respective region and being home to many tourist destinations.", "5ad0410977cf76001a686f00": "", "570603c475f01819005e7882": "2010", "570603c475f01819005e7883": "high growth rates,", "570603c475f01819005e7884": "10.0%", "570603c475f01819005e7885": "tech-oriented", "570603c475f01819005e7886": "northern", "5ad0421177cf76001a686f14": "", "5ad0421177cf76001a686f15": "", "5ad0421177cf76001a686f16": "", "5ad0421177cf76001a686f17": "", "5706074552bb8914006897d4": "Metropolitan Statistical Areas,", "5706074552bb8914006897d5": "two", "5706074552bb8914006897d6": "five million", "5706074552bb8914006897d7": "Southern Border Region.", "5706074552bb8914006897d8": "17,786,419,", "5ad042cf77cf76001a686f24": "", "5ad042cf77cf76001a686f25": "", "5ad042cf77cf76001a686f26": "Greater Los Angeles Area", "5ad042cf77cf76001a686f27": "San Diego\u2013Tijuana", "5ad042cf77cf76001a686f28": "", "570607f575f01819005e78b4": "Los Angeles", "570607f575f01819005e78b5": "3.7 million people) and San Diego (at 1.3 million people),", "570607f575f01819005e78b6": "twelve", "570607f575f01819005e78b7": "100,000", "570607f575f01819005e78b8": "Riverside.", "5ad0440877cf76001a686f3e": "", "5ad0440877cf76001a686f3f": "", "5ad0440877cf76001a686f40": "", "5ad0440877cf76001a686f41": "", "5ad0440877cf76001a686f42": "", "5706094b52bb8914006897de": "petroleum,", "5706094b52bb8914006897df": "Hollywood", "5706094b52bb8914006897e0": "housing bubble", "5706094b52bb8914006897e1": "diverse", "5706094b52bb8914006897e2": "heavily impacted", "5ad044f077cf76001a686f58": "", "5ad044f077cf76001a686f59": "", "5ad044f077cf76001a686f5a": "petroleum,", "5ad044f077cf76001a686f5b": "", "57060a1175f01819005e78d2": "1920s,", "57060a1175f01819005e78d3": "richest", "57060a1175f01819005e78d4": "cattle", "57060a1175f01819005e78d5": "citrus", "57060a1175f01819005e78d6": "aerospace", "5ad0458b77cf76001a686f72": "", "5ad0458b77cf76001a686f73": "", "5ad0458b77cf76001a686f74": "aircraft manufacturing have been major industries. In one of the richest agricultural regions in the U.S., cattle and citrus were major industries until farmlands were turned into suburbs. Although military spending cutbacks have had an impact, aerospace", "5ad0458b77cf76001a686f75": "", "57060a6e52bb8914006897f8": "business", "57060a6e52bb8914006897f9": "Central business districts", "57060a6e52bb8914006897fa": "Downtown Riverside.", "5ad0461477cf76001a686f7a": "Central business districts", "5ad0461477cf76001a686f7b": "Downtown Los Angeles, Downtown San Diego, Downtown San Bernardino, Downtown Bakersfield, South Coast Metro and Downtown Riverside.", "5ad0461477cf76001a686f7c": "", "57060cc352bb89140068980e": "business", "57060cc352bb89140068980f": "Los Angeles Area", "57060cc352bb891400689810": "San Fernando Valley.", "57060cc352bb891400689811": "Los Angeles", "5ad0470477cf76001a686f80": "", "5ad0470477cf76001a686f81": "Downtown Los Angeles central business district", "5ad0470477cf76001a686f82": "Wilshire Boulevard Miracle Mile", "57060df252bb891400689820": "business", "57060df252bb891400689821": "Bernardino-Riverside", "57060df252bb891400689822": "Hospitality Business/Financial Centre,", "5ad0475c77cf76001a686f86": "Downtown San Bernardino, Hospitality Business/Financial Centre, University Town", "5ad0475c77cf76001a686f87": "", "57060eaf75f01819005e7910": "Orange", "57060eaf75f01819005e7911": "University of California, Irvine.", "57060eaf75f01819005e7912": "Irvine Tech Center", "57060eaf75f01819005e7913": "South Coast Metro", "57060eaf75f01819005e7914": "rapidly", "5ad0483977cf76001a686f8a": "Orange", "5ad0483977cf76001a686f8b": "", "5ad0483977cf76001a686f8c": "", "5ad0483977cf76001a686f8d": "", "57060f3e75f01819005e7922": "Downtown San Diego", "57060f3e75f01819005e7923": "Northern San Diego", "57060f3e75f01819005e7924": "North County regions.", "57060f3e75f01819005e7925": "San Diego", "5ad04b2377cf76001a686f92": "Downtown San Diego", "5ad04b2377cf76001a686f93": "", "5ad04b2377cf76001a686f94": "", "570610b275f01819005e792a": "Los Angeles International Airport,", "570610b275f01819005e792b": "passenger volume", "570610b275f01819005e792c": "third", "570610b275f01819005e792d": "San Diego International Airport", "570610b275f01819005e792e": "Van Nuys Airport,", "5ad04bfc77cf76001a686f98": "Los Angeles International Airport,", "5ad04bfc77cf76001a686f99": "San Diego International Airport", "5ad04bfc77cf76001a686f9a": "", "5ad04bfc77cf76001a686f9b": "", "5706111a52bb89140068984c": "Metrolink,", "5706111a52bb89140068984d": "seven", "5706111a52bb89140068984e": "Six", "5706111a52bb89140068984f": ",", "5ad04d3077cf76001a686fa0": "", "5ad04d3077cf76001a686fa1": "Metrolink,", "5ad04d3077cf76001a686fa2": "", "570611c475f01819005e793c": "Port of Los Angeles,", "570611c475f01819005e793d": "Port of Long Beach,", "570611c475f01819005e793e": "Southern California", "5ad04de377cf76001a686fa6": "Port of Los Angeles,", "5ad04de377cf76001a686fa7": "", "5ad04de377cf76001a686fa8": "", "5ad04de377cf76001a686fa9": "Port of Long Beach,", "5706139252bb891400689864": "The Tech Coast", "5706139252bb891400689865": "research", "5706139252bb891400689866": "private", "5706139252bb891400689867": "5", "5706139252bb891400689868": "12", "5ad04ecf77cf76001a686fae": "(Irvine, Los Angeles, Riverside, Santa Barbara, and San Diego);", "5ad04ecf77cf76001a686faf": "5", "5ad04ecf77cf76001a686fb0": "12", "5ad04ecf77cf76001a686fb1": "", "5ad04ecf77cf76001a686fb2": "", "5706143575f01819005e7950": "NFL", "5706143575f01819005e7951": "NBA", "5706143575f01819005e7952": "MLB", "5706143575f01819005e7953": "(Los Angeles Kings,", "5706143575f01819005e7954": "(LA Galaxy).", "5ad04f7977cf76001a686fb8": "", "5ad04f7977cf76001a686fb9": "", "5ad04f7977cf76001a686fba": "(Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, San Diego Padres);", "5ad04f7977cf76001a686fbb": "", "5ad04f7977cf76001a686fbc": "(LA Galaxy).", "5706149552bb891400689880": "Chivas USA \u2014 that both played at the StubHub Center and were local rivals. However, Chivas", "5706149552bb891400689881": "two", "5706149552bb891400689882": "2014,", "5706149552bb891400689883": "StubHub Center", "5706149552bb891400689884": "2018.", "5ad050c877cf76001a686fc2": "two", "5ad050c877cf76001a686fc3": "", "5ad050c877cf76001a686fc4": "", "5ad050c877cf76001a686fc5": "", "570614ff52bb89140068988a": "College sports", "570614ff52bb89140068988b": "UCLA", "570614ff52bb89140068988c": "Trojans", "570614ff52bb89140068988d": "Pac-12", "570614ff52bb89140068988e": "Pac-12 Conference,", "5ad0511577cf76001a686fca": "", "5ad0511577cf76001a686fcb": "", "5ad0511577cf76001a686fcc": "", "5706155352bb891400689894": "Rugby", "5706155352bb891400689895": "high school level,", "5706155352bb891400689896": "official school sport.", "5ad051be77cf76001a686fd0": "", "57092322efce8f15003a7db0": "BSkyB", "57092322efce8f15003a7db1": "BSkyB", "57092322efce8f15003a7db2": "2014", "57092322efce8f15003a7db3": "British Sky Broadcasting Group plc", "57092322efce8f15003a7db4": "Sky UK Limited,", "5a2c08aebfd06b001a5ae989": "", "5a2c08aebfd06b001a5ae98a": "", "5a2c08aebfd06b001a5ae98b": "", "5a2c08aebfd06b001a5ae98c": "", "5a2c08aebfd06b001a5ae98d": "", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc4": "2006,", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc5": "two", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc6": "Sky", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc7": "\u00a31.3bn.", "5a2c0c2fbfd06b001a5ae99b": "", "5a2c0c2fbfd06b001a5ae99c": "", "5a2c0c2fbfd06b001a5ae99d": "", "5a2c0c2fbfd06b001a5ae99e": "", "5a2c0c2fbfd06b001a5ae99f": "", "57094b4f9928a814004714f6": "ONdigital consortium,", "57094b4f9928a814004714f7": "ITV Digital's", "57094b4f9928a814004714f8": "three", "57094b4f9928a814004714f9": "Sky Three", "57094b4f9928a814004714fa": "", "5a2c14b4bfd06b001a5ae9d3": "", "5a2c14b4bfd06b001a5ae9d4": "", "5a2c14b4bfd06b001a5ae9d5": "", "5a2c14b4bfd06b001a5ae9d6": "", "5a2c14b4bfd06b001a5ae9d7": "", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd6": "Sky+ PVR", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd7": "September 2007,", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd8": "a monthly fee", 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"5a2c3efbbfd06b001a5aea96": "", "5a2c3efbbfd06b001a5aea97": "", "570960cf200fba1400367f01": "July 2013,", "570960cf200fba1400367f02": "2013,", "570960cf200fba1400367f03": "OneDrive\"", "570960cf200fba1400367f04": "\"OneDrive for Business\".", "570960cf200fba1400367f05": "cloud storage", "5a2c41c8bfd06b001a5aeaa7": "", "5a2c41c8bfd06b001a5aeaa8": "", "5a2c41c8bfd06b001a5aeaa9": "", "5a2c41c8bfd06b001a5aeaaa": "", "5a2c41c8bfd06b001a5aeaab": "27 January 2014,", "570961aa200fba1400367f15": "Sam Chisholm", "570961aa200fba1400367f16": "Astra's", "570961aa200fba1400367f17": "27 September 2001,", "570961aa200fba1400367f18": "Sky Digital", "570961aa200fba1400367f19": "3.5 million", "5a2c0e0dbfd06b001a5ae9af": "", "5a2c0e0dbfd06b001a5ae9b0": "", "5a2c0e0dbfd06b001a5ae9b1": "", "5a2c0e0dbfd06b001a5ae9b2": "", "5a2c0e0dbfd06b001a5ae9b3": "", "570963a5200fba1400367f33": "British Sky Broadcasting", "570963a5200fba1400367f34": "British telecommunications", "570963a5200fba1400367f35": "11 million", "570963a5200fba1400367f36": "Freeview", "5a2c07d5bfd06b001a5ae97f": "", "5a2c07d5bfd06b001a5ae980": "", "5a2c07d5bfd06b001a5ae981": "", "5a2c07d5bfd06b001a5ae982": "", "5a2c07d5bfd06b001a5ae983": "", "57096505ed30961900e84082": "(Sky Q Hub", "57096505ed30961900e84083": "Sky Q Silver set top boxes", "57096505ed30961900e84084": "share recordings and other media.", "57096505ed30961900e84085": "2016.", "57096505ed30961900e84086": "2016.", "5a2c31abbfd06b001a5aea33": "", "5a2c31abbfd06b001a5aea34": "", "5a2c31abbfd06b001a5aea35": "", "5a2c31abbfd06b001a5aea36": "", "570966e0200fba1400367f4f": "DVB-compliant MPEG-2,", "570966e0200fba1400367f50": "Dolby Digital", "570966e0200fba1400367f51": "MPEG-4", "570966e0200fba1400367f52": "", "570966e0200fba1400367f53": "DVB-S2", "5a2c382dbfd06b001a5aea71": "", "5a2c382dbfd06b001a5aea72": "", "5a2c382dbfd06b001a5aea73": "", "5a2c382dbfd06b001a5aea74": "", "570967c4ed30961900e840ba": "1998", "570967c4ed30961900e840bb": "Astra 2A", "570967c4ed30961900e840bc": "Astra 2A satellite which was located at the 28.5\u00b0E orbital position, unlike the analogue service which was broadcast from 19.2\u00b0E. This was subsequently followed by more Astra satellites as well as Eutelsat's Eurobird 1", "570967c4ed30961900e840bd": "hundreds", "570967c4ed30961900e840be": "28.5\u00b0E", "5a2c3595bfd06b001a5aea5f": "", "5a2c3595bfd06b001a5aea60": "", "5a2c3595bfd06b001a5aea61": "", "5a2c3595bfd06b001a5aea62": "", "5709686c200fba1400367f77": "22 May 2006.", "5709686c200fba1400367f78": "40,000", "5709686c200fba1400367f79": "Thomson.", "5709686c200fba1400367f7a": "17,000", "5709686c200fba1400367f7b": "4,222,000.", "5a2c30dabfd06b001a5aea29": "", "5a2c30dabfd06b001a5aea2a": "", "5a2c30dabfd06b001a5aea2b": "", "5a2c30dabfd06b001a5aea2c": "", "5a2c30dabfd06b001a5aea2d": "", "57096b66200fba1400367fa7": "8 February 2007,", "57096b66200fba1400367fa8": "March", "57096b66200fba1400367fa9": "digital terrestrial platform,", "57096b66200fba1400367faa": "Virgin Media.", "57096b66200fba1400367fab": "English Premier League Football),", "5a2c1622bfd06b001a5ae9dd": "", "5a2c1622bfd06b001a5ae9de": "", "5a2c1622bfd06b001a5ae9df": "", "5a2c1622bfd06b001a5ae9e0": "", "5a2c1622bfd06b001a5ae9e1": "", "57096c95200fba1400367fbb": "", "57096c95200fba1400367fbc": "a monthly subscription,", "57096c95200fba1400367fbd": "VideoGuard UK", "57096c95200fba1400367fbe": "(9.75/10.600 GHz)", "57096c95200fba1400367fbf": "", "5a2c36c4bfd06b001a5aea67": "", "5a2c36c4bfd06b001a5aea68": "", "5a2c36c4bfd06b001a5aea69": "", "5a2c36c4bfd06b001a5aea6a": "", "5a2c36c4bfd06b001a5aea6b": "", "57096e1ced30961900e84102": "In the autumn of 1991,", "57096e1ced30961900e84103": "ITV were the current rights holders,", "57096e1ced30961900e84104": "\u00a334m", "57096e1ced30961900e84105": "The BBC was given the highlights of most of the matches,", "57096e1ced30961900e84106": "\u00a3304m for the Premier League rights,", "5a2c0a5abfd06b001a5ae993": "", "5a2c0a5abfd06b001a5ae994": "\u00a3304m for the Premier League rights,", "5a2c0a5abfd06b001a5ae995": "", "5a2c0a5abfd06b001a5ae996": "", "57096f37200fba1400367fe5": "Ofcom.", "57096f37200fba1400367fe6": "\u00a315\u2013100,000.", "57096f37200fba1400367fe7": "BSkyB has no veto over the presence of channels on their EPG,", "57096f37200fba1400367fe8": "BSkyB does not", "57096f37200fba1400367fe9": "BSkyB does not carry any control over the channel's content or carriage issues such as picture quality.", "5a2c3ca9bfd06b001a5aea83": "", "5a2c3ca9bfd06b001a5aea84": "BSkyB", "5a2c3ca9bfd06b001a5aea85": "", "5a2c3ca9bfd06b001a5aea86": "", "57097051ed30961900e84132": "1 October 1998", "57097051ed30961900e84133": "Sky Digital,", "57097051ed30961900e84134": "Open....", "57097051ed30961900e84135": "ONdigital", "57097051ed30961900e84136": "over 100,000", "5a2c0fb8bfd06b001a5ae9b9": "", "5a2c0fb8bfd06b001a5ae9ba": "", "5a2c0fb8bfd06b001a5ae9bb": "", "5a2c0fb8bfd06b001a5ae9bc": "", "57097141200fba1400367ff9": "2007", "57097141200fba1400367ffa": "Virgin Media", "57097141200fba1400367ffb": "Video On Demand service", "57097141200fba1400367ffc": "BBC HD,", "57097141200fba1400367ffd": "Channel 4 HD", "5a2c3d73bfd06b001a5aea8b": "", "5a2c3d73bfd06b001a5aea8c": "", "5a2c3d73bfd06b001a5aea8d": "", "5a2c3d73bfd06b001a5aea8e": "", "57097b50200fba140036804d": "10 million", "57097b50200fba140036804e": "more than 25m people.", "57097b50200fba140036804f": "August 2004,", "57097b50200fba1400368050": "36%", "57097b50200fba1400368051": "growth in subscriber numbers elsewhere in Europe flattened.", "5a2c116ebfd06b001a5ae9c1": "", "5a2c116ebfd06b001a5ae9c2": "", "5a2c116ebfd06b001a5ae9c3": "", "5a2c116ebfd06b001a5ae9c4": "", "57097c8fed30961900e841f2": "a \"Welfare Cash Card\",", "57097c8fed30961900e841f3": "", "57097c8fed30961900e841f4": "\u2018often damaging\u2019,", "57097c8fed30961900e841f5": "claimants' \"Sky TV bills", "57097c8fed30961900e841f6": "betray a man's presence in the household.", "5a2c1397bfd06b001a5ae9c9": "", "5a2c1397bfd06b001a5ae9ca": "", "5a2c1397bfd06b001a5ae9cb": "\u2018often damaging\u2019,", "5a2c1397bfd06b001a5ae9cc": "", "5a2c1397bfd06b001a5ae9cd": "", "57097d63ed30961900e841fc": "\u00a330m", "57097d63ed30961900e841fd": "Currently there is no indication", "57097d63ed30961900e841fe": "Virgin Media", "57097d63ed30961900e841ff": "BSkyB. As part of the agreements, both BSkyB", "57097d63ed30961900e84200": "the carriage of their respective basic channels.", "5a2c40b8bfd06b001a5aea9d": "", "5a2c40b8bfd06b001a5aea9e": "", "5a2c40b8bfd06b001a5aea9f": "", "5a2c40b8bfd06b001a5aeaa0": "", "5a2c40b8bfd06b001a5aeaa1": "", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3d": "highly diversified:", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3e": "second", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3f": "", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c40": "Melbourne", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c41": "Melbourne Cricket Ground", "5a6374de68151a001a9222e6": "eight public universities,", "5a6374de68151a001a9222e7": "", "5a6374de68151a001a9222e8": "", "5a6374de68151a001a9222e9": "Melbourne", "5a6374de68151a001a9222ea": "", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c47": "Bendigo", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c48": "New South Wales.", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c49": "Buckland Valley near Bright", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4a": "over 1,000", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4b": "cramped and unsanitary;", "5a637a8868151a001a922304": "Bendigo", "5a637a8868151a001a922305": "", "5a637a8868151a001a922306": "", "5a637a8868151a001a922307": "", "5a637a8868151a001a922308": "", "570d26efb3d812140066d48f": "multi-member proportional", "570d26efb3d812140066d490": "eight", "570d26efb3d812140066d491": "five", "570d26efb3d812140066d492": "members\u2014four years.", "570d26efb3d812140066d493": "every four years.", "5a637f8768151a001a922318": "22", "5a637f8768151a001a922319": "", "5a637f8768151a001a92231b": "", "5a637f8768151a001a92231c": "", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a3": "Australian Labor Party", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a4": "Liberals'", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a5": "The Nationals", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a6": "", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a7": "Australian Labor Party", "5a63866968151a001a922336": "", "5a63866968151a001a922337": "", "5a63866968151a001a922338": "", "5a63866968151a001a922339": "", "5a63866968151a001a92233a": "", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bd": "61.1%", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4be": "26.7%", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bf": "Buddhism", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c0": "168,637", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c1": "20%", "5a63888168151a001a922340": "", "5a63888168151a001a922341": "", "5a63888168151a001a922342": "", "5a63888168151a001a922343": "", "5a63888168151a001a922344": "152,775", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c93": "south-east", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c94": "Australia's most densely populated state and its second-most populous state overall.", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c95": "second-most", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c96": "Melbourne,", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c97": "second-largest", "5a636c5a68151a001a9222c8": "", "5a636c5a68151a001a9222c9": "Australia's second-largest", "5a636c5a68151a001a9222ca": "", "5a636c5a68151a001a9222cb": "", "5a636c5a68151a001a9222cc": "", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca7": "Koori.", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca8": "1788,", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca9": "New South Wales.", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45caa": "Sullivan Bay,", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45cab": "1803", "5a636ede68151a001a9222d2": "", "5a636ede68151a001a9222d3": "", "5a636ede68151a001a9222d4": "", "5a636ede68151a001a9222d5": "", "5a636ede68151a001a9222d6": "", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbb": "More than 26,000 square kilometres", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbc": "50%", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbd": "6,000 square kilometres", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbe": "90%", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbf": "270,000", "5a638d2768151a001a92236e": "", "5a638d2768151a001a92236f": "", "5a638d2768151a001a922370": "", "5a638d2768151a001a922371": "90%", "5a638d2768151a001a922372": "270,000", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45ccf": "1975,", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd0": "1855 colonial constitution,", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd1": "Parliament of Victoria,", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd2": "\"entrenched\" provisions that require either an absolute majority in both houses, a three-fifths majority in both houses, or the approval of the Victorian people in a referendum,", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd3": "", "5a63835a68151a001a92232c": "", "5a63835a68151a001a92232d": "", "5a63835a68151a001a92232e": "", "5a63835a68151a001a92232f": "", "5a63835a68151a001a922330": "", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce3": "warmest", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce4": "32 \u00b0C (90 \u00b0F)", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce5": "", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce6": "", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce7": "7 February 2009,", "5a6395e668151a001a9223a0": "", "5a6395e668151a001a9223a1": "15 \u00b0C (59 \u00b0F)", "5a6395e668151a001a9223a2": "32 \u00b0C (90 \u00b0F)", "5a6395e668151a001a9223a3": "", "5a6395e668151a001a9223a4": "", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d01": "state or government schools,", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d02": "Victoria Department of Education .", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d03": "some extra costs are levied.", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d04": "Roman Catholic Church", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d05": "curriculum standards.", "5a638a2468151a001a92234a": "", "5a638a2468151a001a92234b": "", "5a638a2468151a001a92234c": "", "5a638a2468151a001a92234d": "", "5a638a2468151a001a92234e": "", "570d3468b3d812140066d543": "car brands Ford, Toyota and Holden; however, closure announcements by all three companies in the 21st century will mean that Australia will no longer be a base for the global car industry,", "570d3468b3d812140066d544": "February 2014", "570d3468b3d812140066d545": "May 2013,", "570d3468b3d812140066d546": "October 2016).", "570d3468b3d812140066d547": "(", "5a638ffe68151a001a922382": "", "5a638ffe68151a001a922383": "", "5a638ffe68151a001a922384": "May 2013,", "5a638ffe68151a001a922385": "", "5a638ffe68151a001a922386": "", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54d": "2,000 m (6,600 ft),", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54e": "Mount Bogong", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54f": "1,986 m (6,516 ft).", "570d35b7b3d812140066d550": "", "570d35b7b3d812140066d551": "helmeted honeyeater", "5a6394b768151a001a922396": "", "5a6394b768151a001a922397": "Mount Bogong", "5a6394b768151a001a922398": "", "5a6394b768151a001a922399": "", "5a6394b768151a001a92239a": "", "570d391fb3d812140066d575": "The Victorian Alps", "570d391fb3d812140066d576": "Great Dividing Range", "570d391fb3d812140066d577": "east-west", "570d391fb3d812140066d578": "0 \u00b0C (32 \u00b0F)", "570d391fb3d812140066d579": "\u221211.7 \u00b0C", "5a63969068151a001a9223aa": "", "5a63969068151a001a9223ab": "", "5a63969068151a001a9223ac": "", "5a63969068151a001a9223ad": "", "5a63969068151a001a9223ae": "", "570d4030fed7b91900d45d9f": "over", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da0": "Metro Trains Melbourne", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da1": "the Victorian Government,", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da2": "freight", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da3": "electrified,", "5a63981168151a001a9223b4": "", "5a63981168151a001a9223b5": "", "5a63981168151a001a9223b6": "", "5a63981168151a001a9223b7": "Pacific National, CFCL Australia", "5a63981168151a001a9223b8": "", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbd": "37", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbe": "12", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbf": "Legislative Assembly", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc0": "Legislative Council", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc1": "Linda Dessau.", "5a63730568151a001a9222dc": "", "5a63730568151a001a9222dd": "", "5a63730568151a001a9222de": "", "5a63730568151a001a9222df": "", "5a63730568151a001a9222e0": "", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd7": "1 July 1851,", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd8": "1851", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd9": "one of the largest gold rushes", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dda": "sevenfold", "570d4329fed7b91900d45ddb": "20 million ounces", "5a63787868151a001a9222fa": "", "5a63787868151a001a9222fb": "", "5a63787868151a001a9222fc": "", "5a63787868151a001a9222fd": "", "5a63787868151a001a9222fe": "", "570d44abb3d812140066d5fd": "1,548", "570d44abb3d812140066d5fe": "489", "570d44abb3d812140066d5ff": "540,800", "570d44abb3d812140066d600": "63,519", "570d44abb3d812140066d601": "Over 61", "5a638b3668151a001a92235a": "", "5a638b3668151a001a92235b": "", "5a638b3668151a001a92235c": "", "5a638b3668151a001a92235d": "", "5a638b3668151a001a92235e": "", "570d4606b3d812140066d619": "Victoria", "570d4606b3d812140066d61a": "3 million", "570d4606b3d812140066d61b": "60%", "570d4606b3d812140066d61c": "two-thirds", "570d4606b3d812140066d61d": "Asia.", "5a638e4468151a001a922378": "", "5a638e4468151a001a922379": "3 million", "5a638e4468151a001a92237a": "60%", "5a638e4468151a001a92237b": "", "5a638e4468151a001a92237c": "", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62d": "1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in)", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62e": "1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1\u20442 in) standard gauge.", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62f": "760 mm (2 ft 6 in) narrow", "570d47b8b3d812140066d630": "mountainous areas.", "570d47b8b3d812140066d631": "five", "5a6398fd7f3c80001a150aef": "1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in)", "5a6398fd7f3c80001a150af0": "1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1\u20442 in) standard gauge.", "5a6398fd7f3c80001a150af1": "", "5a6398fd7f3c80001a150af2": "", "5a6398fd7f3c80001a150af3": "", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e13": "1788,", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e14": "New South Wales", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e15": "New Holland,", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e16": "Sydney.", "5a63772268151a001a9222f0": "", "5a63772268151a001a9222f2": "New Holland,", "5a63772268151a001a9222f3": "", "5a63772268151a001a9222f4": "", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e31": "1854", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e32": "\"Eureka Stockade\").", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e33": "British troops,", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e34": "mining licence fees)", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e35": "Colony of Victoria Act 1855.", "5a637c6268151a001a92230e": "", "5a637c6268151a001a92230f": "", "5a637c6268151a001a922310": "mining licence fees)", "5a637c6268151a001a922311": "", "5a637c6268151a001a922312": "", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66d": "political party or coalition with the most seats", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66e": "The Premier", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66f": "representatives elected to either house of parliament.", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d670": "Daniel Andrews.", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d671": "elected to either house of parliament.", "5a6381d868151a001a922322": "", "5a6381d868151a001a922323": "", "5a6381d868151a001a922324": "", "5a6381d868151a001a922325": "", "5a6381d868151a001a922326": "", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7d": "17%", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7e": "24%", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7f": "32,463", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e80": "60%", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e81": "60%", "5a638bf768151a001a922364": "", "5a638bf768151a001a922365": "24%", "5a638bf768151a001a922366": "", "5a638bf768151a001a922367": "", "5a638bf768151a001a922368": "A quarter", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bb": "", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bc": "sports", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bd": "Melbourne,", "570d529fb3d812140066d6be": "regional cities,", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bf": "Bells Beach SurfClassic", "5a6391c268151a001a92238c": "", "5a6391c268151a001a92238d": "", "5a6391c268151a001a92238e": "", "5a6391c268151a001a92238f": "", "5a6391c268151a001a922390": "", "57105da9a58dae1900cd699e": "southern and central parts", "57105da9a58dae1900cd699f": "one-eighth", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a0": "1562 to 1598.", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a1": "Edict of Nantes,", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a2": "granted the Huguenots substantial religious, political and military autonomy.", "5ad23fded7d075001a4288fc": "", "5ad23fded7d075001a4288fd": "", "5ad23fded7d075001a4288fe": "", "5ad23fded7d075001a4288ff": "", "5ad23fded7d075001a428900": "", "57106185b654c5140001f8db": "Protestant cause", "57106185b654c5140001f8dc": "Besan\u00e7on Hugues", "57106185b654c5140001f8dd": "Geneva", "57106185b654c5140001f8de": "Amboise plot", "57106185b654c5140001f8df": "1560:", "5ad241c7d7d075001a428978": "", "5ad241c7d7d075001a428979": "", "5ad241c7d7d075001a42897a": "", "5ad241c7d7d075001a42897b": "", "5ad241c7d7d075001a42897c": "", "57106644b654c5140001f8e5": "availability of the Bible in vernacular languages", "57106644b654c5140001f8e6": "1294,", "57106644b654c5140001f8e7": "Jean de R\u00e9ly,", "57106644b654c5140001f8e8": "1487.", "57106644b654c5140001f8e9": "Paris", "5ad243abd7d075001a428a10": "", "5ad243abd7d075001a428a11": "France.", "5ad243abd7d075001a428a12": "", "5ad243abd7d075001a428a13": "", "5ad243abd7d075001a428a14": "", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8ef": "\"villes de s\u00fbret\u00e9\"", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f0": "", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f1": "1622.", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f2": "Edict of Al\u00e8s", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f3": "1598", "5ad24a2ad7d075001a428bb8": "Protestant rule was dead and the ville de s\u00fbret\u00e9 was no more.[citation", "5ad24a2ad7d075001a428bb9": "", "5ad24a2ad7d075001a428bba": "", "5ad24a2ad7d075001a428bbb": "(16", "5ad24a2ad7d075001a428bbc": "", "571077ecb654c5140001f909": "Cape of Good Hope from as early as 1671 with the arrival of Fran\u00e7ois Villion (Viljoen). The first Huguenot to arrive at the Cape of Good Hope was however Maria de la Queillerie, wife of commander Jan van Riebeeck (and daughter of a Walloon church minister), who arrived on 6 April 1652 to establish a settlement at what is today Cape Town.", "571077ecb654c5140001f90a": "Cape Town.", "571077ecb654c5140001f90b": "Maria de la Queillerie,", "571077ecb654c5140001f90c": "Dutch East India Company", "571077ecb654c5140001f90d": "1700;", "5ad25b9ed7d075001a428e6e": "", "5ad25b9ed7d075001a428e6f": "", "5ad25b9ed7d075001a428e70": "", "5ad25b9ed7d075001a428e71": "", "5ad25b9ed7d075001a428e72": "", "57107932a58dae1900cd69ca": "1624", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cb": "Jess\u00e9 de Forest,", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cc": "L'\u00c9glise fran\u00e7aise \u00e0 la Nouvelle-Amsterdam", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cd": "L'Eglise du Saint-Esprit,", "57107932a58dae1900cd69ce": "Brooklyn,", "5ad25e99d7d075001a428f2e": "", "5ad25e99d7d075001a428f2f": "", "5ad25e99d7d075001a428f30": "New France,", "5ad25e99d7d075001a428f31": "", "5ad25e99d7d075001a428f32": "", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69de": "Charleston,", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69df": "", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e0": "1697", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e1": "British Landgrave Edmund Bellinger.", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e2": "Pons", "5ad263d9d7d075001a429122": "", "5ad263d9d7d075001a429123": "", "5ad263d9d7d075001a429124": "1685,", "5ad263d9d7d075001a429125": "", "5ad263d9d7d075001a429126": "", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e8": "William III of Orange,", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e9": "King of England,", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ea": "League of Augsburg", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69eb": "Dutch Republic,", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ec": "", "5ad267dbd7d075001a42923e": "", "5ad267dbd7d075001a42923f": "", "5ad267dbd7d075001a429240": "", "5ad267dbd7d075001a429241": "", "57107d73b654c5140001f91d": "Edict of Fontainebleau", "57107d73b654c5140001f91e": "(16", "57107d73b654c5140001f91f": "Louis XIV,", "57107d73b654c5140001f920": "", "5ad24056d7d075001a42892c": "", "5ad24057d7d075001a42892e": "", "5ad24057d7d075001a42892f": "", "5ad24057d7d075001a428930": "", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f2": "The Catholic Church", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f3": "St. Bartholomew's Day massacre", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f4": "5,000 to 30,000", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f5": "their own militia.", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f6": "some of the Huguenots were nobles trying to establish separate centers of power in southern France.", "5ad2454cd7d075001a428a92": "5,000 to 30,000", "5ad2454cd7d075001a428a93": "", "5ad2454cd7d075001a428a94": "", "5ad2454cd7d075001a428a95": "", "57108073b654c5140001f925": "Huguenot rebellions", "57108073b654c5140001f926": "mainly in southwestern France,", "57108073b654c5140001f927": "between 1621 and 1629.", "57108073b654c5140001f928": "", "57108073b654c5140001f929": "Louis XIII,", "5ad24b60d7d075001a428be4": "", "5ad24b60d7d075001a428be5": "", "5ad24b60d7d075001a428be6": "", "5ad24b60d7d075001a428be7": "", "5ad24b60d7d075001a428be8": "", "57108198b654c5140001f937": "Approximately one million", "57108198b654c5140001f938": "2%", "57108198b654c5140001f939": "Alsace", "57108198b654c5140001f93a": "C\u00e9vennes mountain region", "57108198b654c5140001f93b": "", "5ad25878d7d075001a428dc6": "", "5ad25878d7d075001a428dc7": "", "5ad25878d7d075001a428dc8": "", "5ad25878d7d075001a428dc9": "", "5ad25878d7d075001a428dca": "", "57108c95b654c5140001f979": "New Rochelle,", "57108c95b654c5140001f97a": "New Paltz.", "57108c95b654c5140001f97b": "\"Huguenot Street Historic District\"", "57108c95b654c5140001f97c": "the oldest street in the United States of America.", "57108c95b654c5140001f97d": "Staten", "5ad25f29d7d075001a428f60": "third", "5ad25f29d7d075001a428f61": "", "5ad25f29d7d075001a428f62": "", "5ad25f29d7d075001a428f63": "New York,", "5ad25f29d7d075001a428f64": "", "57108d69b654c5140001f983": "the Dutch Republic", "57108d69b654c5140001f984": "75,000 to 100,000", "57108d69b654c5140001f985": "ca. 2 million", "57108d69b654c5140001f986": "Amsterdam and the area of West Frisia", "57108d69b654c5140001f987": "Edict of Nantes,", "5ad268cbd7d075001a429292": "", "5ad268cbd7d075001a429293": "", "5ad268cbd7d075001a429294": "", "5ad268cbd7d075001a429295": "200", "5ad268cbd7d075001a429296": "", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1a": "Huguon,", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1b": "Huguon, the gate of King Hugo,", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1c": "le roi Huguet", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1d": "pr\u00e9tendus r\u00e9form\u00e9s", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1e": "night.", "5ad24319d7d075001a4289cc": "", "5ad24319d7d075001a4289cd": "", "5ad24319d7d075001a4289ce": "", "5ad24319d7d075001a4289cf": "", "5ad24319d7d075001a4289d0": "", "571090abb654c5140001f995": "Sandwich, Faversham and Maidstone\u2014towns", "571090abb654c5140001f996": "The Weavers,", "571090abb654c5140001f997": "economic separation", "571090abb654c5140001f998": "Sandwich, Faversham and Maidstone\u2014towns", "571090abb654c5140001f999": "restaurant\u2014see", "5ad26c87d7d075001a429398": "", "5ad26c87d7d075001a429399": "", "5ad26c87d7d075001a42939a": "", "5ad26c87d7d075001a42939b": "", "5ad26c87d7d075001a42939c": "", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a40": "", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a41": "Cork City;", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a42": "Dublin,", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a43": "a High Sheriff and one of the founders of the Bank of Ireland.", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a44": "1696,", "5ad27081d7d075001a429454": "", "5ad27081d7d075001a429455": "", "5ad27081d7d075001a429456": "", "5ad27081d7d075001a429457": "", "5ad27081d7d075001a429458": "", "57109275b654c5140001f99f": "brain drain,", "57109275b654c5140001f9a0": "France", "57109275b654c5140001f9a1": "non-Catholics", "57109275b654c5140001f9a2": "Seven Years' War),", "57109275b654c5140001f9a3": "1759-60.", "5ad27473d7d075001a4294e8": "", "5ad27473d7d075001a4294e9": "", "5ad27473d7d075001a4294ea": "", "5ad27473d7d075001a4294eb": "", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5c": "Henry of Navarre,", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5d": "1598,", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5e": "granted the Protestants equality with Catholics under the throne and a degree of religious and political freedom within their domains.", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5f": "the founding of new Protestant churches in Catholic-controlled regions.[citation", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a60": "Protestantism", "5ad248f7d7d075001a428b8c": "", "5ad248f7d7d075001a428b8d": "1598,", "5ad248f7d7d075001a428b8e": "", "5ad248f7d7d075001a428b8f": "", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a66": "education of children as Catholics,", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a67": "prohibited emigration.", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a68": "Four thousand", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a69": "\"new converts\".", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a6a": "Holland, Prussia, and South Africa.", "5ad24e85d7d075001a428c4e": "", "5ad24e85d7d075001a428c4f": "Holland, Prussia, and South Africa.", "5ad24e85d7d075001a428c50": "", "5ad24e85d7d075001a428c51": "", "5ad24e85d7d075001a428c52": "", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a76": "Switzerland and the Netherlands.[citation", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a77": "1555", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a78": "France Antarctique.", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a79": "1560", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a7a": "the Guanabara Confession of Faith,", "5ad25963d7d075001a428e0c": "500", "5ad25963d7d075001a428e0d": "", "5ad25963d7d075001a428e0e": "", "5ad25963d7d075001a428e0f": "", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a86": "Afrikaans-speaking,", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a87": "wine industry", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a88": "Western Cape province", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a89": "surnames", "5ad25c69d7d075001a428ea4": "Huguenots,", "5ad25c69d7d075001a428ea5": "", "5ad25c69d7d075001a428ea6": "", "5ad25c69d7d075001a428ea7": "", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a98": "Paul Revere", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a99": "Henry Laurens,", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9a": "Charleston,", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9b": "Manakin Episcopal Church", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9c": "Texas", "5ad26586d7d075001a4291b2": "", "5ad26586d7d075001a4291b3": "", "5ad26586d7d075001a4291b4": "", "5ad26586d7d075001a4291b5": "", "5ad26586d7d075001a4291b6": "", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab2": "British lace", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab3": "'Bucks Point'", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab4": "The only reference to immigrant lacemakers in this period is of twenty-five widows who settled in Dover,", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab5": "first half of the eighteenth century", "5ad26e85d7d075001a4293f2": "", "5ad26e85d7d075001a4293f3": "", "5ad26e85d7d075001a4293f4": "", "5ad26e85d7d075001a4293f5": "", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b3": "Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichstadt.", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b4": "one-fifth", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b5": "protest against the occupation of Prussia by Napoleon", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b6": "1806-07.", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b7": "Berlin, Stockholm, Hamburg, Frankfurt, Helsinki, and Emden.", "5ad27294d7d075001a42949a": "", "5ad27294d7d075001a42949b": "", "5ad27294d7d075001a42949c": "", "5ad27294d7d075001a42949d": "", "5ad27294d7d075001a42949e": "", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b26": "Prussia", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b27": "C\u00e9vennes region", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b28": "the Camisards", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b29": "the Catholic Church", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b2a": "1702 and 1709.", "5ad24f27d7d075001a428c88": "", "5ad24f27d7d075001a428c89": "200,000 to 1,000,000)", "5ad24f27d7d075001a428c8a": "", "5ad24f27d7d075001a428c8b": "", "5ad24f27d7d075001a428c8c": "", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b30": "", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b31": "Jean Ribault", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b32": "Fort Caroline", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b33": "Pedro Menendez.", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b34": "", "5ad25aa1d7d075001a428e40": "", "5ad25aa1d7d075001a428e41": "", "5ad25aa1d7d075001a428e42": "", "5ad25aa1d7d075001a428e43": "", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa17": "Charlesfort", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa18": "Fort Caroline.", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa19": "Pedro Men\u00e9ndez de Avil\u00e9s,", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1a": "1562,", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1b": "The Wars of Religion", "5ad25d49d7d075001a428eec": "", "5ad25d49d7d075001a428eed": "", "5ad25d49d7d075001a428eee": "", "5ad25d49d7d075001a428eef": "1564,", "5ad25d49d7d075001a428ef0": "", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3a": "Virginia,", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3b": "Lower Norfolk County.", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3c": "Manakin Town,", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3d": "390", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3e": "", "5ad26278d7d075001a4290ac": "", "5ad26278d7d075001a4290ad": "", "5ad26278d7d075001a4290ae": "", "5ad26278d7d075001a4290af": "", "5ad26278d7d075001a4290b0": "", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2b": "(1568\u20131609).", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2c": "", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2d": "\"Apologie\" of William the Silent,", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2e": "William the Silent,", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2f": "(Calvinist)", "5ad266f8d7d075001a429206": "", "5ad266f8d7d075001a429207": "Huguenot", "5ad266f8d7d075001a429208": "", "5ad266f8d7d075001a429209": "", "5ad266f8d7d075001a42920a": "Gaspard de Coligny,", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b60": "the Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act,", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b61": "1708", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b62": "50,000", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b63": "Andrew Lortie", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b64": "transubstantiation", "5ad26ba1d7d075001a429358": "", "5ad26ba1d7d075001a429359": "", "5ad26ba1d7d075001a42935a": "Huguenot", "5ad26ba1d7d075001a42935b": "", "5ad26ba1d7d075001a42935c": "", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b72": "Williamite war", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b73": "William of Orange", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b74": "Dublin, Cork, Portarlington, Lisburn, Waterford and Youghal.", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b75": "flax cultivation", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b76": "Irish linen industry.", "5ad26f6ed7d075001a429422": "", "5ad26f6ed7d075001a429423": "Dublin,", "5ad26f6ed7d075001a429424": "Killeshandra", "5ad26f6ed7d075001a429425": "", "5ad26f6ed7d075001a429426": "", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa45": "Prince Louis de Cond\u00e9,", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa46": "Count Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbr\u00fccken", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa47": "glass-making works,", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa48": "1890s.", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa49": "1604.", "5ad273b5d7d075001a4294b8": "", "5ad273b5d7d075001a4294b9": "", "5ad273b5d7d075001a4294ba": "", "5ad273b5d7d075001a4294bb": "1604.", "5711119cb654c5140001fae3": "Electorate of Brandenburg and Electorate of the Palatinate", "5711119cb654c5140001fae4": "Protestant", "5711119cb654c5140001fae5": "Dutch Cape Colony", "5711119cb654c5140001fae6": "Quebec,", "5711119cb654c5140001fae7": "they were accepted and allowed to worship freely.", "5ad240eed7d075001a428940": "England,", "5ad240eed7d075001a428941": "", "5ad240eed7d075001a428942": "", "5ad240eed7d075001a428943": "", "5ad240eed7d075001a428944": "", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcc": "Hugues Capet,", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcd": "\"Hugues hypothesis\"", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bce": "Janet Gray", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcf": "little Hugos, or those who want Hugo.", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bd0": "non-French linguistic", "5ad2424cd7d075001a42898a": "", "5ad2424cd7d075001a42898b": "Protestants", "5ad2424cd7d075001a42898c": "", "5ad2424cd7d075001a42898d": "", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd6": "Jacques Lefevre", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd7": "University of Paris,", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd8": "", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd9": "William Farel", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bda": "William Farel", "5ad2447dd7d075001a428a68": "France", "5ad2447dd7d075001a428a69": "Paris,", "5ad2447dd7d075001a428a6a": "", "5ad2447dd7d075001a428a6b": "", "5ad2447dd7d075001a428a6c": "", "57111428b654c5140001faff": "24 August \u2013 3 October 1572,", "57111428b654c5140001fb00": "Catholics", "57111428b654c5140001fb01": "", "57111428b654c5140001fb02": "1573", "57111429b654c5140001fb03": "25,000", "5ad24600d7d075001a428ac8": "", "5ad24600d7d075001a428ac9": "Paris", "5ad24600d7d075001a428aca": "", "5ad24600d7d075001a428acb": "", "5ad24600d7d075001a428acc": "", "571114cfb654c5140001fb09": "Louis XIV", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0a": "acted increasingly aggressively", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0b": "sent missionaries,", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0c": "closed Huguenot schools and excluded them from favored professions.", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0d": "dragonnades,", "5ad24d2ad7d075001a428c1e": "", "5ad24d2ad7d075001a428c1f": "", "5ad24d2ad7d075001a428c20": "", "5ad24d2ad7d075001a428c21": "", "5ad24d2ad7d075001a428c22": "", "5711163bb654c5140001fb13": "Westchester", "5711163bb654c5140001fb14": "\"Bauffet's Point\"", "5711163bb654c5140001fb15": "John Pell, Lord of Pelham Manor,", "5711163bb654c5140001fb16": "La Rochelle,", "5711163bb654c5140001fb17": "Trinity-St. Paul's Episcopal Church,", "5ad2615ed7d075001a429018": "Huguenots", "5ad2615ed7d075001a429019": "", "5ad2615ed7d075001a42901a": "", "5ad2615ed7d075001a42901b": "", "5ad2615ed7d075001a42901c": "", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c00": "The Huguenots adapted quickly and often married outside their immediate French communities,", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c01": "married outside their immediate French communities,", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c02": "E.I. du Pont,", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c03": "well into the nineteenth century.", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c04": "Eleutherian gunpowder mills.", "5ad264d7d7d075001a429174": "", "5ad264d7d7d075001a429175": "", "5ad264d7d7d075001a429176": "", "5ad264d7d7d075001a429177": "continued to use French first names and surnames for their children", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0a": "Pierre Bayle.", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0b": "Rotterdam,", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0c": "Historical and Critical Dictionary.", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0d": "US Library of Congress.", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0e": "Saint Nicolas,", "5ad26acad7d075001a42932a": "", "5ad26acad7d075001a42932b": "", "5ad26acad7d075001a42932c": "", "5ad26acad7d075001a42932d": "multi-volume", "57111992b654c5140001fb43": "The French Protestant Church of London", "57111992b654c5140001fb44": "1550.", "57111992b654c5140001fb45": "Soho Square.", "57111992b654c5140001fb46": "Shoreditch,", "57111992b654c5140001fb47": "1724.", "5ad26dbcd7d075001a4293d4": "", "5ad26dbcd7d075001a4293d5": "", "5ad26dbcd7d075001a4293d6": "", "5ad26dbcd7d075001a4293d7": "a third", "5ad26dbcd7d075001a4293d8": "", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3c": "Lutheran and Reformed", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3d": "", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3e": "(Edict of Potsdam)", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3f": "Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia.", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c40": "The Huguenots furnished two new regiments of his army:", "5ad271c2d7d075001a429472": "", "5ad271c2d7d075001a429473": "", "5ad271c2d7d075001a429474": "4,000", "5ad271c2d7d075001a429475": "1,500", "5ad271c2d7d075001a429476": "", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c50": "Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg,", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c51": "Theodor Fontane,", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c52": "Adolf Galland,", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c53": "Lothar de Maizi\u00e8re,", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c54": "Federal Minister of the Interior,", "5ad275ccd7d075001a42950e": "", "5ad275ccd7d075001a42950f": "", "5ad275ccd7d075001a429510": "", "5ad275ccd7d075001a429511": "Huguenots", "5ad275ccd7d075001a429512": "", "57112686b654c5140001fbd3": "solar power,", "57112686b654c5140001fbd4": "Rankine cycle.", "57112686b654c5140001fbd5": "steam", "57112686b654c5140001fbd6": "high pressure.", "57112686b654c5140001fbd7": "external combustion engines,", "5ad3bd8f604f3c001a3fef2d": "", "5ad3bd8f604f3c001a3fef2e": "Rankine cycle.", "5ad3bd8f604f3c001a3fef2f": "", "5ad3bd8f604f3c001a3fef30": "", "5ad3bd8f604f3c001a3fef31": "", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb2": "the atmospheric engine,", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb3": "Thomas Newcomen", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb4": "1712.", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb5": "", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb6": "Papin.", "5ad3c637604f3c001a3ff017": "", "5ad3c637604f3c001a3ff018": "", "5ad3c637604f3c001a3ff019": "", "5ad3c637604f3c001a3ff01a": "", "5ad3c637604f3c001a3ff01b": "", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc4": "United Kingdom", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc5": "21 February 1804,", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc6": "Abercynon", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc7": "", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc8": "south", "5ad3cd43604f3c001a3ff183": "United Kingdom", "5ad3cd43604f3c001a3ff184": "21 February 1804,", "5ad3cd43604f3c001a3ff185": "Abercynon", "5ad3cd43604f3c001a3ff186": "", "5ad3cd43604f3c001a3ff187": "south Wales.", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0e": "water pump", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0f": "multi-stage centrifugal pumps;", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d10": "1850s", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d11": "steam locomotives.", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d12": "lower-pressure boiler feed water", "5ad3e83e604f3c001a3ff63b": "", "5ad3e83e604f3c001a3ff63c": "", "5ad3e83e604f3c001a3ff63d": "1850s", "5ad3e83e604f3c001a3ff63e": "", "5ad3e83e604f3c001a3ff63f": "", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d18": "either three or four", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d19": "", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1a": "19th century,", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1b": "marine triple expansion engines.", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1c": "Olympic class),", "5ad41b12604f3c001a4004fb": "", "5ad41b12604f3c001a4004fc": "", "5ad41b12604f3c001a4004fd": "", "5ad41b12604f3c001a4004fe": "", "5ad41b12604f3c001a4004ff": "", "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d22": "Corliss,", "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d23": "Joy", "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d24": "lengthening rubbing surfaces of the valve", "5ad3f35c604f3c001a3ff8f5": "Corliss,", "5ad3f35c604f3c001a3ff8f6": "", "5ad3f35c604f3c001a3ff8f7": "", "5ad3f35c604f3c001a3ff8f8": "1840s and 50s,", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc1f": "Lead fusible plugs", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc20": "the lead melts", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc21": "steam escapes,", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc22": "manually suppress the fire.", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc23": "dampening the fire.", "5ad40ec6604f3c001a40012f": "Lead fusible plugs", "5ad40ec6604f3c001a400130": "", "5ad40ec6604f3c001a400131": "", "5ad40ec6604f3c001a400132": "manually suppress the fire.", "5ad40ec6604f3c001a400133": "", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d28": "James Watt", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d29": "rotary", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2a": "ten-horsepower", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2b": "1883,", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2c": "the Industrial Revolution,", "5ad3bf63604f3c001a3fef5b": "", "5ad3bf63604f3c001a3fef5c": "", "5ad3bf63604f3c001a3fef5d": "", "5ad3bf63604f3c001a3fef5e": "", "5ad3bf63604f3c001a3fef5f": "", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d32": "first century AD;", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d33": "Greek mathematician Hero of Alexandria.", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d34": "Greek", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d35": "Giovanni Branca", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d36": "1606", "5ad3c46a604f3c001a3fefb1": "", "5ad3c46a604f3c001a3fefb2": "", "5ad3c46a604f3c001a3fefb3": "", "5ad3c46a604f3c001a3fefb4": "", "5ad3c46a604f3c001a3fefb5": "", "57113f83b654c5140001fc29": "compound engines", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2a": "expansions,", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2b": "shipping", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2c": "coal", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2d": "internal combustion engines", "5ad3cc47604f3c001a3ff143": "", "5ad3cc47604f3c001a3ff144": "expansions,", "5ad3cc47604f3c001a3ff145": "shipping", "5ad3cc47604f3c001a3ff146": "", "5ad3cc47604f3c001a3ff147": "", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5a": "steam turbines", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5b": "late", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5c": "several hundred", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5d": "90%", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5e": "electric", "5ad3d3af604f3c001a3ff293": "steam turbines", "5ad3d3af604f3c001a3ff294": "", "5ad3d3af604f3c001a3ff295": "several hundred", "5ad3d3af604f3c001a3ff296": "", "5ad3d3af604f3c001a3ff297": "", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6e": "burning combustible materials", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6f": "combustion chamber,", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d70": "solar energy", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d71": "electric", "5ad3d689604f3c001a3ff30d": "", "5ad3d689604f3c001a3ff30e": "combustion chamber,", "5ad3d689604f3c001a3ff30f": "electric", "5ad3d689604f3c001a3ff310": "solar", "5ad3d689604f3c001a3ff311": "", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d80": "the steam engine indicator.", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d81": "1851,", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d82": "Charles Porter by Charles Richard", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d83": "Charles Richard", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d84": "London Exhibition", "5ad3e8f6604f3c001a3ff66b": "", "5ad3e8f6604f3c001a3ff66c": "1851,", "5ad3e8f6604f3c001a3ff66d": "", "5ad3e8f6604f3c001a3ff66e": "Charles Richard", "5ad3e8f6604f3c001a3ff66f": "London Exhibition", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8a": "90\u00b0", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8b": "180\u00b0,", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8c": "90\u00b0", "5ad3ed37604f3c001a3ff7a1": "90\u00b0", "5ad3ed37604f3c001a3ff7a2": "180\u00b0,", "5ad3ed37604f3c001a3ff7a3": "90\u00b0", "5ad3ed37604f3c001a3ff7a4": "", "5ad3ed37604f3c001a3ff7a5": "", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3d": "(counterflow),", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3e": "two", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3f": "one", "5711488ab654c5140001fc40": "four", "5711488ab654c5140001fc41": "expansion,", "5ad3f03c604f3c001a3ff829": "(counterflow),", "5ad3f03c604f3c001a3ff82a": "", "5ad3f03c604f3c001a3ff82b": "one", "5ad3f03c604f3c001a3ff82c": "four", "5ad3f03c604f3c001a3ff82d": "expansion,", "57114aceb654c5140001fc47": "The Quasiturbine", "57114aceb654c5140001fc48": "counterflow", "57114aceb654c5140001fc49": "an additional port", "5ad3f4ed604f3c001a3ff963": "The Quasiturbine", "5ad3f4ed604f3c001a3ff964": "", "5ad3f4ed604f3c001a3ff965": "an additional port", "5ad3f4ed604f3c001a3ff966": "", "5ad3f4ed604f3c001a3ff967": "", "57114b1a2419e31400955575": "An oscillating cylinder steam engine", "57114b1a2419e31400955576": "(trunnion).", "57114b1a2419e31400955577": "models,", "57114b1a2419e31400955578": "ships", "5ad3fc1f604f3c001a3ffb7b": "An oscillating cylinder steam engine", "5ad3fc1f604f3c001a3ffb7c": "", "5ad3fc1f604f3c001a3ffb7d": "", "5ad3fc1f604f3c001a3ffb7e": "ships", "5ad3fc1f604f3c001a3ffb7f": "", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a53": "recycled continuously,", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a54": "\"open loop\"", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a55": "Mercury", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a56": "water", "5ad415fd604f3c001a400327": "", "5ad415fd604f3c001a400328": "", "5ad415fd604f3c001a400329": "", "5ad415fd604f3c001a40032a": "", "5ad415fd604f3c001a40032b": "closed loop system,", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5b": "the working fluid.", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5c": "565", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5d": "stainless steel)", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5e": "30 \u00b0C.", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5f": "63%", "5ad418fb604f3c001a400431": "", "5ad418fb604f3c001a400432": "565", "5ad418fb604f3c001a400433": "", "5ad418fb604f3c001a400434": "", "5ad418fb604f3c001a400435": "63%", "57114f0050c2381900b54a65": "Steam engines", "57114f0050c2381900b54a66": "steamboats", "57114f0050c2381900b54a67": "Stanley Steamer.", "57114f0050c2381900b54a68": "factories,", "57114f0050c2381900b54a69": "increase in the land available for cultivation.", "5ad3c1ad604f3c001a3fef8d": "", "5ad3c1ad604f3c001a3fef8e": "steamboats", "5ad3c1ad604f3c001a3fef8f": "", "5ad3c1ad604f3c001a3fef90": "", "5ad3c1ad604f3c001a3fef91": "", "571153422419e3140095557d": "Catch Me Who Can", "571153422419e3140095557e": "Matthew Murray", "571153422419e3140095557f": "twin-cylinder", "571153422419e31400955580": "Middleton Railway.", "571153422419e31400955581": "Stockton and Darlington Railway.", "5ad3d2aa604f3c001a3ff261": "Locomotion", "5ad3d2aa604f3c001a3ff262": "Matthew Murray", "5ad3d2aa604f3c001a3ff263": "", "5ad3d2aa604f3c001a3ff264": "Stockton and Darlington Railway.", "5ad3d2aa604f3c001a3ff265": "", "5711541350c2381900b54a6f": "Arthur Woolf,", "5711541350c2381900b54a70": "British", "5711541350c2381900b54a71": "torque variability", "5711541350c2381900b54a72": "cylinder volume", "5ad3eb61604f3c001a3ff71b": "", "5ad3eb61604f3c001a3ff71c": "", "5ad3eb61604f3c001a3ff71d": "", "5ad3eb61604f3c001a3ff71e": "", "5ad3eb61604f3c001a3ff71f": "", "571154c72419e31400955587": "90%", "571154c72419e31400955588": "", "571154c72419e31400955589": "gas turbines,", "571154c72419e3140095558a": "steam turbines with reduction gearing", "571154c72419e3140095558b": "reduction", "5ad3f846604f3c001a3ffa5d": "", "5ad3f846604f3c001a3ffa5e": "", "5ad3f846604f3c001a3ffa5f": "", "5ad3f846604f3c001a3ffa60": "", "5ad3f846604f3c001a3ffa61": "", "571155ae2419e31400955591": "The Rankine cycle", "571155ae2419e31400955592": "removed in a condenser.", "571155ae2419e31400955593": "1990s,", "571155ae2419e31400955594": "biomass,", "571155ae2419e31400955595": "Scottish", "5ad41260604f3c001a40023f": "", "5ad41260604f3c001a400240": "removed", "5ad41260604f3c001a400241": "", "5ad41260604f3c001a400242": "biomass,", "5ad41260604f3c001a400243": "", "571156152419e3140095559b": "\"duty", "571156152419e3140095559c": "Watt", "571156152419e3140095559d": "(", "571156152419e3140095559e": "7 million,", "571156152419e3140095559f": "17. This", "5ad41813604f3c001a4003dd": "", "5ad41813604f3c001a4003de": "Watt", "5ad41813604f3c001a4003df": "", "5ad41813604f3c001a4003e0": "", "5ad41813604f3c001a4003e1": "", "57115ac550c2381900b54a77": "steam turbines", "57115ac550c2381900b54a78": "Reciprocating piston type steam engines", "57115ac550c2381900b54a79": "turbine", "57115ac550c2381900b54a7a": "internal combustion engines", "5ad3c061604f3c001a3fef6f": "steam turbines", "5ad3c061604f3c001a3fef70": "Reciprocating piston type steam engines", "5ad3c061604f3c001a3fef71": "turbine type steam engines,", "5ad3c061604f3c001a3fef72": "internal combustion engines", "5ad3c061604f3c001a3fef73": "", "57115b2850c2381900b54a7f": "Thomas Savery.", "57115b2850c2381900b54a80": "a water pump,", "57115b2850c2381900b54a81": "1698", "57115b2850c2381900b54a82": "Bento de Moura Portugal", "57115b2850c2381900b54a83": "John Smeaton", "5ad3c57a604f3c001a3feff1": "Thomas Savery.", "5ad3c57a604f3c001a3feff2": "", "5ad3c57a604f3c001a3feff3": "", "5ad3c57a604f3c001a3feff4": "", "5ad3c57a604f3c001a3feff5": "", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a89": "Richard Trevithick", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8a": "Richard Trevithick and, separately, Oliver Evans", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8b": "1802.", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8c": "transport", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8d": "power", "5ad3cab2604f3c001a3ff0e3": "Richard Trevithick", "5ad3cab2604f3c001a3ff0e4": "", "5ad3cab2604f3c001a3ff0e5": "", "5ad3cab2604f3c001a3ff0e6": "transport", "5ad3cab2604f3c001a3ff0e7": "", "57115bf350c2381900b54a93": "Energiprojekt AB", "57115bf350c2381900b54a94": "Sweden", "57115bf350c2381900b54a95": "5-cylinder", "57115bf350c2381900b54a96": "(8.", "57115bf350c2381900b54a97": "27-30%", "5ad3d4db604f3c001a3ff2b1": "Energiprojekt AB", "5ad3d4db604f3c001a3ff2b2": "", "5ad3d4db604f3c001a3ff2b3": "", "5ad3d4db604f3c001a3ff2b4": "", "5ad3d4db604f3c001a3ff2b5": "", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9d": "surface condensers", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9e": "automobile radiator", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9f": "water is costly.", "57115c7450c2381900b54aa0": "(w", "57115c7450c2381900b54aa1": "3600", "5ad3d7e0604f3c001a3ff35d": "surface condensers", "5ad3d7e0604f3c001a3ff35e": "", "5ad3d7e0604f3c001a3ff35f": "", "5ad3d7e0604f3c001a3ff360": "", "5ad3d7e0604f3c001a3ff361": "3600", "57115dbe2419e314009555a5": "The centrifugal governor", "57115dbe2419e314009555a6": "Boulton", "57115dbe2419e314009555a7": "a flour mill", "57115dbe2419e314009555a8": "cotton spinning.", "57115dbe2419e314009555a9": "hold a set speed,", "5ad3ea77604f3c001a3ff6df": "", "5ad3ea77604f3c001a3ff6e0": "Boulton", "5ad3ea77604f3c001a3ff6e1": "a flour mill Boulton & Watt were building.", "5ad3ea77604f3c001a3ff6e2": "", "5ad3ea77604f3c001a3ff6e3": "", "57115e532419e314009555af": "1880;", "57115e532419e314009555b0": "railway locomotives", "57115e532419e314009555b1": "complicated.", "57115e532419e314009555b2": "1930).", "57115e532419e314009555b3": "road engines", "5ad3ee11604f3c001a3ff7d7": "", "5ad3ee11604f3c001a3ff7d8": "", "5ad3ee11604f3c001a3ff7d9": "", "5ad3ee11604f3c001a3ff7da": "", "5ad3ee11604f3c001a3ff7db": "road engines", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa7": "\"shortening the cutoff\"", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa8": "(\"kick back\").[citation", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa9": "evacuate the cylinder,", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aaa": "fixed", "5ad3f13e604f3c001a3ff865": "", "5ad3f13e604f3c001a3ff866": "", "5ad3f13e604f3c001a3ff867": "evacuate the cylinder,", "5ad3f13e604f3c001a3ff868": "fixed", "5ad3f13e604f3c001a3ff869": "", "57115f652419e314009555b9": "Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz y Beaumont", "57115f652419e314009555ba": "Spanish", "57115f652419e314009555bb": "1606.", "57115f652419e314009555bc": "1698", "57115f652419e314009555bd": "1712", "5ad3be46604f3c001a3fef37": "", "5ad3be46604f3c001a3fef38": "", "5ad3be46604f3c001a3fef39": "", "5ad3be46604f3c001a3fef3a": "", "5ad3be46604f3c001a3fef3b": "", "57115ff82419e314009555c3": "(rotating discs)", "57115ff82419e314009555c4": "a drive shaft,", "57115ff82419e314009555c5": "(static discs)", "57115ff82419e314009555c6": "turbine casing.", "57115ff82419e314009555c7": "3600 revolutions per minute (RPM)", "5ad3f689604f3c001a3ff9e3": "steam", "5ad3f689604f3c001a3ff9e4": "a drive shaft,", "5ad3f689604f3c001a3ff9e5": "", "5ad3f689604f3c001a3ff9e6": "", "5ad3f689604f3c001a3ff9e7": "3600 revolutions per minute", "5711607f2419e314009555cd": "lower", "5711607f2419e314009555ce": "electric motors.", "5711607f2419e314009555cf": "steam turbine plant,", "5711607f2419e314009555d0": "Advanced Steam movement.[citation", "5711607f2419e314009555d1": "pollution", "5ad3c3bc604f3c001a3fef9f": "lower", "5ad3c3bc604f3c001a3fefa0": "electric motors.", "5ad3c3bc604f3c001a3fefa1": "", "5ad3c3bc604f3c001a3fefa2": "Advanced Steam movement.[citation", "5ad3c3bc604f3c001a3fefa3": "", "571161092419e314009555d7": "the Wankel engine", "571161092419e314009555d8": "cylinders and valve gear", "571161092419e314009555d9": "thermal expansion;", "5ad40864604f3c001a3ffeeb": "", "5ad40864604f3c001a3ffeec": "cylinders and valve gear", "5ad40864604f3c001a3ffeed": "thermal expansion;", "5ad40864604f3c001a3ffeee": "", "5ad40864604f3c001a3ffeef": "", "5711619950c2381900b54aaf": "(1763\u20131775)", "5711619950c2381900b54ab0": "a separate condenser.", "5711619950c2381900b54ab1": "half as much coal", "5711619950c2381900b54ab2": "Newcomen's", "5711619950c2381900b54ab3": "partial vacuum", "5ad3c75a604f3c001a3ff045": "(1763\u20131775)", "5ad3c75a604f3c001a3ff046": "", "5ad3c75a604f3c001a3ff047": "", "5ad3c75a604f3c001a3ff048": "", "5ad3c75a604f3c001a3ff049": "a piston", "5711623e50c2381900b54ab9": "two", "5711623e50c2381900b54aba": "plug valve", "5711623e50c2381900b54abb": "adjustable spring-loaded valve,", "5711623e50c2381900b54abc": "seal illegally", "5711623e50c2381900b54abd": "power", "5ad40b9a604f3c001a400019": "", "5ad40b9a604f3c001a40001a": "", "5ad40b9a604f3c001a40001b": "", "5ad40b9a604f3c001a40001c": "seal illegally", "5ad40b9a604f3c001a40001d": "power", "5711628a2419e314009555dd": "the Corliss steam engine,", "5711628a2419e314009555de": "1849,", "5711628a2419e314009555df": "a", "5711628a2419e314009555e0": "Rumford medal", "5711628a2419e314009555e1": "30%", "5ad3cb62604f3c001a3ff111": "", "5ad3cb62604f3c001a3ff112": "", "5ad3cb62604f3c001a3ff113": "", "5ad3cb62604f3c001a3ff114": "Rumford medal", "5ad3cb62604f3c001a3ff115": "30%", "571163172419e314009555e7": "thermodynamic theory;", "571163172419e314009555e8": "Watt", "571163172419e314009555e9": "separate condenser.", "571163172419e314009555ea": "Joseph Black,", "571163172419e314009555eb": "latent heat,", "5ad41733604f3c001a40037f": "thermodynamic theory;", "5ad41733604f3c001a400380": "", "5ad41733604f3c001a400381": "", "5ad41733604f3c001a400382": "", "5ad41733604f3c001a400383": "latent heat,", "5711648850c2381900b54ac3": "during the compression stage relatively little work is required to drive the pump,", "5711648850c2381900b54ac4": "liquid phase", "5711648850c2381900b54ac5": "1% to 3%", "5711648850c2381900b54ac6": "1500 \u00b0C.", "5ad419f8604f3c001a400499": "during the compression stage relatively little work is required to drive the pump,", "5ad419f8604f3c001a40049a": "liquid phase", "5ad419f8604f3c001a40049b": "", "5ad419f8604f3c001a40049c": "", "5ad419f8604f3c001a40049d": "", "5711651050c2381900b54acb": "an injector)", "5711651050c2381900b54acc": "recover the latent heat of vaporisation,", "5711651050c2381900b54acd": "superheaters", "5711651050c2381900b54ace": "(b", "5711651050c2381900b54acf": "screw stoking mechanism", "5ad3d560604f3c001a3ff2c5": "", "5ad3d560604f3c001a3ff2c6": "", "5ad3d560604f3c001a3ff2c7": "", "5ad3d560604f3c001a3ff2c8": "", "5ad3d560604f3c001a3ff2c9": "", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad5": "feed water", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad6": "British", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad7": "dreadnought battleships,", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad8": "ocean liners.", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad9": "1905", "5ad3ef13604f3c001a3ff7f9": "", "5ad3ef13604f3c001a3ff7fa": "", "5ad3ef13604f3c001a3ff7fb": "dreadnought battleships,", "5ad3ef13604f3c001a3ff7fc": "", "5ad3ef13604f3c001a3ff7fd": "", "571166352419e314009555f1": "water", "571166352419e314009555f2": "a turbine connected to an electrical generator.", "571166352419e314009555f3": "an electrical generator.", "571166352419e314009555f4": "turbo-electric transmission,", "571166352419e314009555f5": "in", "5ad3fabc604f3c001a3ffb1b": "water", "5ad3fabc604f3c001a3ffb1c": "", "5ad3fabc604f3c001a3ffb1d": "", "5ad3fabc604f3c001a3ffb1e": "", "5ad3fabc604f3c001a3ffb1f": "in", "5711669550c2381900b54adf": "practical Carnot cycle", "5711669550c2381900b54ae0": "(in the condenser)", "5711669550c2381900b54ae1": "(constant pressure)", "5711669550c2381900b54ae2": "isothermal", "5711669550c2381900b54ae3": "as a liquid", "5ad414dd604f3c001a4002c7": "", "5ad414dd604f3c001a4002c8": "(in the condenser)", "5ad414dd604f3c001a4002c9": "", "5ad414dd604f3c001a4002ca": "", "5ad414dd604f3c001a4002cb": "as a liquid", "571a484210f8ca1400304fbd": "8.", "571a484210f8ca1400304fbe": "hydrogen", "571a484210f8ca1400304fbf": "Diatomic oxygen", "571a484210f8ca1400304fc0": "two", "571a484210f8ca1400304fc1": "half", "571c3a685efbb31900334db2": "8.", "571c3a685efbb31900334db3": "chalcogen", "571c3a685efbb31900334db4": "oxides)", "571c3a685efbb31900334db5": "third-most", "571c3a685efbb31900334db6": "dioxygen,", "5ad21646d7d075001a4283c4": "Oxygen", "5ad21646d7d075001a4283c5": "Oxygen", "5ad21646d7d075001a4283c6": "", "5ad21646d7d075001a4283c7": "", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94a": "photosynthesis,", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94b": "sunlight", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94c": "ozone (O 3), strongly absorbs UVB radiation and consequently the high-altitude ozone layer", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09c": "oxygen", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09d": "water,", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09e": "photosynthesis,", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09f": "water.", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c0a0": "(allotrope)", "5ad21e1ad7d075001a42846e": "", "5ad21e1ad7d075001a42846f": "Oxygen", "5ad21e1ad7d075001a428470": "ozone", "5ad21e1ad7d075001a428471": "", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd5": "Robert Boyle", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd6": "John Mayow", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd7": "nitroaereus", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd8": "(1641\u20131679)", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a6": "Robert Boyle", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a7": "spiritus nitroaereus", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a8": "", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a9": "respiration", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0aa": "John Mayow", "5ad22a95d7d075001a4285da": "", "5ad22a95d7d075001a4285db": "", "5ad22a96d7d075001a4285dc": "", "5ad22a96d7d075001a4285dd": "", "5ad22a96d7d075001a4285de": "", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a958": "Joseph Priestley", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a959": "clergyman", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95a": "mercuric oxide", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95b": "(HgO)", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b0": "mercuric oxide", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b1": "\"dephlogisticated air\".", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b2": "1775", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b3": "Because he published his findings first,", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b4": "more active and lived longer", "5ad22cd0d7d075001a428618": "", "5ad22cd0d7d075001a428619": "", "5ad22cd0d7d075001a42861a": "", "5ad22cd0d7d075001a42861b": "\"dephlogisticated air\".", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdd": "Leonardo da Vinci", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fde": "Philo of Byzantium.", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdf": "2nd century BCE", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fe0": "", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0ba": "Philo of Byzantium.", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bb": "fire", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bc": "Pneumatica,", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bd": "Leonardo da Vinci", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0be": "air", "5ad21f6fd7d075001a4284a4": "inverting a vessel over a burning candle and surrounding the vessel's neck with water resulted in some water rising into the neck.", "5ad21f6fd7d075001a4284a5": "2nd", "5ad21f6fd7d075001a4284a6": "Leonardo da Vinci", "5ad21f6fd7d075001a4284a7": "", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a960": "an ignition event,", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a961": "the source of most of the chemical energy released in combustion.", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a962": "high oxidative potential,", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a963": "Oxygen", "571cebc05efbb31900334e48": "rapid combustion.", "571cebc05efbb31900334e49": "ignition event,", "571cebc05efbb31900334e4a": "oxidant,", "571cebc05efbb31900334e4b": "chemical energy", "571cebc05efbb31900334e4c": "peroxides, chlorates, nitrates, perchlorates, and dichromates", "5ad2678ad7d075001a42922c": "", "5ad2678ad7d075001a42922d": "fuel,", "5ad2678ad7d075001a42922e": "", "5ad2678ad7d075001a42922f": "Combustion hazards", "5ad2678ad7d075001a429230": "", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a969": "", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96a": "", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96b": "special training", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a0": "combustion", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a1": "", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a2": "special training", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a4": "", "5ad2685dd7d075001a429276": "", "5ad2685dd7d075001a429278": "The fire", "5ad2685dd7d075001a429279": "", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe5": "The Earth's mantle,", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe6": "silicon", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe7": "carbon dioxide (CO 2).", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3e": "carbon dioxide", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3f": "Earth's crustal rock", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e40": "The Earth's mantle,", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e41": "Earth's mantle,", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e42": "complex silicates", "5ad26235d7d075001a429080": "carbon dioxide", "5ad26235d7d075001a429081": "silicon", "5ad26235d7d075001a429082": "(aluminium oxide", "5ad26235d7d075001a429083": "(iron(III)", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c4": "monatomic", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c5": "simplest", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c6": "HO,", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c7": "", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c8": "Avogadro's law", "5ad23e1bd7d075001a4288b4": "all elements were monatomic", "5ad23e1bd7d075001a4288b5": "", "5ad23e1bd7d075001a4288b6": "water is formed of two volumes of hydrogen and one volume of oxygen;", "5ad23e1bd7d075001a4288b7": "", "5ad23e1bd7d075001a4288b8": "", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0ce": "phlogiston;", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0cf": "", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d0": "Air", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d1": "metals,", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d2": "lighter", "5ad22b87d7d075001a428600": "", "5ad22b87d7d075001a428601": "", "5ad22b87d7d075001a428602": "", "5ad22b87d7d075001a428603": "", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d8": "a covalent double bond", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d9": "two.", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0da": "Aufbau,", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0db": "chemically", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0dc": "filling of molecular orbitals formed from the atomic orbitals of the individual oxygen atoms,", "5ad24180d7d075001a428970": "a covalent double bond that results from the filling of molecular orbitals formed from the atomic orbitals of the individual oxygen atoms,", "5ad24180d7d075001a428971": "", "5ad24180d7d075001a428972": "O-O molecular", "5ad24180d7d075001a428973": "two", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e2": "1773", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e3": "1774,", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e4": "his work was published first.", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e5": "Antoine Lavoisier,", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e6": "phlogiston theory of combustion and corrosion.", "5ad21ebdd7d075001a428488": "", "5ad21ebdd7d075001a428489": "", "5ad21ebdd7d075001a42848a": "", "5ad21ebdd7d075001a42848b": "", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ec": "spin triplet state.", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ed": "triplet oxygen.[b]", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ee": "unpaired electrons,", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ef": "spontaneous", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0f0": "antibonding,", "5ad24369d7d075001a4289ea": "triplet oxygen.[b]", "5ad24369d7d075001a4289eb": "", "5ad24369d7d075001a4289ec": "", "5ad24369d7d075001a4289ed": "", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f6": "part of the trapped air", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f7": "weight", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f8": "", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f9": "1777.", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0fa": "azote", "5ad2381dd7d075001a42882a": "", "5ad2381dd7d075001a42882b": "Azote", "5ad2381dd7d075001a42882c": "1777.", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c100": "ozone", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c101": "oxygen", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c102": "lung tissue.", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c103": "protective radiation shield", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c104": "ultraviolet", "5ad24ce8d7d075001a428c0c": "ozone", "5ad24ce8d7d075001a428c0d": "", "5ad24ce8d7d075001a428c0e": "", "5ad24ce8d7d075001a428c0f": "", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10a": "dioxygen,", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10b": "dioxygen,", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10c": "major part", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10d": "energy content,", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10e": "cellular respiration", "5ad24b13d7d075001a428bcc": "dioxygen,", "5ad24b13d7d075001a428bcd": "", "5ad24b13d7d075001a428bce": "", "5ad24b13d7d075001a428bcf": "its energy content,", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c114": "James Dewar", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c115": "1891", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c116": "1895", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c118": "oxyacetylene", "5ad23f8fd7d075001a4288ec": "", "5ad23f8fd7d075001a4288ed": "", "5ad23f8fd7d075001a4288ee": "", "5ad23f8fd7d075001a4288ef": "", "571c96095efbb31900334dbc": "Oxygen", "571c96095efbb31900334dbd": "temperature-dependent,", "571c96095efbb31900334dbe": "6.04 milliliters", "571c96095efbb31900334dbf": "", "571c96095efbb31900334dc0": "twice as much", "5ad24de6d7d075001a428c32": "", "5ad24de6d7d075001a428c33": "", "5ad24de6d7d075001a428c34": "", "5ad24de6d7d075001a428c35": "", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11e": "most abundant chemical element", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11f": "third", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c120": "0.9%", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c121": "the world's oceans", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c122": "ultraviolet radiation", "5ad24ff3d7d075001a428ca4": "Oxygen", "5ad24ff3d7d075001a428ca5": "", "5ad24ff3d7d075001a428ca6": "", "5ad24ff3d7d075001a428ca7": "", "5ad24ff3d7d075001a428ca8": "", "571caac55efbb31900334dc6": "19th", "571caac55efbb31900334dc7": "compressing and cooling it.", "571caac55efbb31900334dc8": "Louis Paul Cailletet", "571caac55efbb31900334dc9": "drops", "571caac55efbb31900334dca": "March 29, 1883", "5ad23eefd7d075001a4288d8": "chemist and physicist", "5ad23eefd7d075001a4288d9": "", "5ad23eefd7d075001a4288da": "", "5ad23eefd7d075001a4288db": "", "5ad23eefd7d075001a4288dc": "Jagiellonian University,", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd0": "Sun,", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd1": "oxygen-16", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd2": "Genesis", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd3": "unknown", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd4": "Earth.", "5ad25553d7d075001a428d34": "", "5ad25553d7d075001a428d35": "", "5ad25553d7d075001a428d36": "", "5ad25553d7d075001a428d37": "", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c128": "Singlet oxygen", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c129": "common organic molecules", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12a": "photosynthesis,", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12b": "photolysis", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12c": "Carotenoids", "5ad245f9d7d075001a428ac0": "", "5ad245f9d7d075001a428ac1": "", "5ad245f9d7d075001a428ac2": "", "5ad245f9d7d075001a428ac3": "Carotenoids", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c132": "Paleoclimatologists", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c133": "snow and rain", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c134": "12%", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c135": "oxygen-18", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c136": "", "5ad254a5d7d075001a428d24": "", "5ad254a5d7d075001a428d25": "isotope,", "5ad254a5d7d075001a428d26": "", "5ad254a5d7d075001a428d27": "", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13c": "687 and 760 nm.", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13d": "carbon cycle", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13e": "satellite platform.", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13f": "", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c140": "", "5ad257e2d7d075001a428d98": "", "5ad257e2d7d075001a428d99": "", "5ad257e2d7d075001a428d9a": "", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c146": "paramagnetic.", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c147": "liquid oxygen", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c148": "unpaired electrons", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c149": "", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c14a": "laboratory demonstrations, a bridge of liquid oxygen may be supported against its own weight between the poles of a powerful magnet.[c]", "5ad2456dd7d075001a428aa2": "paramagnetic.", "5ad2456dd7d075001a428aa3": "because of the spin magnetic moments of the unpaired electrons in the molecule, and the negative exchange energy between neighboring O 2 molecules.", "5ad2456dd7d075001a428aa4": "", "571cc5c45efbb31900334dda": "dangerous", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddb": "to destroy invading microbes.", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddc": "pathogen attack.", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddd": "obligately anaerobic organisms,", "571cc5c45efbb31900334dde": "2.5 billion years ago", "5ad258b4d7d075001a428dda": "", "5ad258b4d7d075001a428ddb": "(O\u2212 2)", "5ad258b4d7d075001a428ddc": "Reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide ion (O\u2212 2) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2),", "5ad258b4d7d075001a428ddd": "", "5ad258b4d7d075001a428dde": "", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de4": "90.20 K", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de5": "light sky-blue color", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de6": "liquefied air.", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de7": "nitrogen", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de8": "combustible", "5ad24eb1d7d075001a428c62": "", "5ad24eb1d7d075001a428c63": "", "5ad24eb1d7d075001a428c64": "", "5ad24eb1d7d075001a428c65": "", "571cc8815efbb31900334dee": "in solution in the world's water bodies.", "571cc8815efbb31900334def": "lower", "571cc8815efbb31900334df0": "higher oxygen content.", "571cc8815efbb31900334df1": "biochemical oxygen demand,", "571cc8815efbb31900334df2": "algae", "5ad252e6d7d075001a428d0c": "", "5ad252e6d7d075001a428d0d": "", "5ad252e6d7d075001a428d0e": "", "5ad252e6d7d075001a428d0f": "", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c150": "3.5 billion years ago.", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c151": "Paleoproterozoic", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c152": "banded iron formations.", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c153": "1.7 billion years ago.", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c154": "3\u20132.7 billion years ago,", "5ad25b1cd7d075001a428e66": "", "5ad25b1cd7d075001a428e67": "Paleoproterozoic", "5ad25b1cd7d075001a428e68": "free oxygen began to outgas from the oceans", "5ad25b1cd7d075001a428e69": "", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15a": "oxygen cycle.", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15b": "biogeochemical", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15c": "three", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15d": "oxygen cycle.", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15e": "oxygen", "5ad251d6d7d075001a428ce8": "", "5ad251d6d7d075001a428ce9": "the atmosphere, the biosphere, and the lithosphere.", "5ad251d6d7d075001a428cea": "", "5ad251d6d7d075001a428ceb": "", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df8": "pressure swing adsorption.", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df9": "90% to 93%", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfa": "nitrogen", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfb": "", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfc": "90% to 93% O 2.", "5ad25bf3d7d075001a428e94": "", "5ad25bf3d7d075001a428e95": "", "5ad25bf3d7d075001a428e96": "", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c164": "water", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c165": "Oxygen gas", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c166": "DC", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c167": "oxides and oxoacids.", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c168": "Chemical catalysts", "5ad25d05d7d075001a428ed0": "", "5ad25d05d7d075001a428ed1": "", "5ad25d05d7d075001a428ed2": "oxides and oxoacids.", "5ad25d05d7d075001a428ed3": "", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16e": "recreational", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16f": "The pharmacological effect is doubtful; a placebo effect is a more likely explanation. Available studies support a performance boost from enriched O 2 mixtures only if they are breathed during aerobic exercise.", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c170": "performance.", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c171": "aerobic", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c172": "placebo effect", "5ad26105d7d075001a428ff4": "Oxygen,", "5ad26105d7d075001a428ff5": "", "5ad26105d7d075001a428ff6": "", "5ad26105d7d075001a428ff7": "placebo effect", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e03": "Hyperbaric (high-pressure) medicine uses special oxygen chambers", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e04": "carbon monoxide", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e05": "anaerobic bacteria", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e06": "Decompression sickness", "5ad25f35d7d075001a428f6a": "Carbon monoxide poisoning, gas gangrene, and decompression sickness", "5ad25f35d7d075001a428f6b": "", "5ad25f35d7d075001a428f6c": "", "5ad25f35d7d075001a428f6d": "", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c178": "respiration,", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c179": "oxygen supplementation", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17a": "heart.", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17b": "Oxygen therapy", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17c": "", "5ad25e70d7d075001a428f1c": "", "5ad25e70d7d075001a428f1d": "", "5ad25e70d7d075001a428f1e": "emphysema, pneumonia, some heart disorders (congestive heart failure), some disorders that cause increased pulmonary artery pressure, and any disease that impairs the body's ability to take up and use gaseous oxygen.", "5ad25e70d7d075001a428f1f": "", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c182": "electronegativity,", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c183": "oxides.", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c184": "FeO (w\u00fcstite)", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c185": "", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c186": "further corrosion.", "5ad261bad7d075001a429050": "", "5ad261bad7d075001a429051": "electronegativity,", "5ad261bad7d075001a429052": "", "5ad261bad7d075001a429053": "", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18d": "cabin depressurization.", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18e": "exothermic reaction.", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18f": "exothermic", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c190": "oxygen", "5ad26000d7d075001a428fae": "People who climb mountains or fly in non-pressurized fixed-wing aircraft", "5ad26000d7d075001a428faf": "Passengers traveling in (pressurized) commercial airplanes", "5ad26000d7d075001a428fb0": "", "5ad26000d7d075001a428fb1": "exothermic reaction.", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c196": "storage", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c197": "liquid", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c198": "specially insulated tankers,", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c199": "", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c19a": "hospitals", "5ad25dd3d7d075001a428f00": "high pressure oxygen tanks,", "5ad25dd3d7d075001a428f01": "", "5ad25dd3d7d075001a428f02": "", "5ad25dd3d7d075001a428f03": "", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0c": "organic solvents", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0d": "organic", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0e": "feeder materials", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0f": "Epoxides", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e10": "organic solvents", "5ad262e2d7d075001a4290ca": "acetone, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, furan, THF, diethyl ether, dioxane, ethyl acetate, DMF, DMSO, acetic acid, and formic acid.", "5ad262e2d7d075001a4290cb": "alcohols", "5ad262e2d7d075001a4290cc": "ethers", "5ad262e2d7d075001a4290cd": "", "5ad262e2d7d075001a4290ce": "ethers", "571cde695efbb31900334e16": "biomolecules that are important to (or generated by) life. Only a few common complex biomolecules, such as squalene and the carotenes, contain no oxygen. Of the organic compounds with biological relevance, carbohydrates", "571cde695efbb31900334e17": "a few", "571cde695efbb31900334e18": "carbohydrates", "571cde695efbb31900334e19": "proteins", "571cde695efbb31900334e1a": "bones", "5ad26479d7d075001a42914e": "", "5ad26479d7d075001a42914f": "", "5ad26479d7d075001a429150": "energy-carrying molecules", "5ad26479d7d075001a429151": "oxygen.", "571ce3745efbb31900334e20": "pulmonary fibrosis.", "571ce3745efbb31900334e21": "pulmonary fibrosis.", "571ce3745efbb31900334e22": "160 kPa", "571ce3745efbb31900334e23": "seizures,", "571ce3745efbb31900334e24": "seizures,", "5ad266d0d7d075001a4291ec": "", "5ad266d0d7d075001a4291ed": "", "5ad266d0d7d075001a4291ee": "", "5ad266d0d7d075001a4291ef": "", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2a": "low total pressures used.", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2b": "30 kPa (1.4 times normal),", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2c": "(1.4", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2d": "marginally more than normal", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2e": "no", "5ad265efd7d075001a4291d0": "", "5ad265efd7d075001a4291d1": "low total pressures used.", "5ad265efd7d075001a4291d2": "", "5ad265efd7d075001a4291d3": "30 kPa (1.4 times normal),", "571ce6655efbb31900334e34": "elevated partial pressures,", "571ce6655efbb31900334e35": "more than 50 kilopascals (kPa),", "571ce6655efbb31900334e36": "50% oxygen composition at standard pressure", "571ce6655efbb31900334e37": "mechanical ventilators,", "571ce6655efbb31900334e38": "30%\u201350%", "5ad26530d7d075001a4291a0": "", "5ad26530d7d075001a4291a1": "", "5ad26530d7d075001a4291a2": "kilopascals", "5ad26530d7d075001a4291a3": "", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952d": "October 1973", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952e": "US$3 per barrel to nearly $12 globally;", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952f": "1979", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89530": "\"first oil shock\",", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89531": "Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries", "5a38a8d2a4b263001a8c1875": "", "5a38a8d2a4b263001a8c1876": "", "5a38a8d2a4b263001a8c1877": "", "5a38a8d2a4b263001a8c1878": "", "5a38a8d2a4b263001a8c1879": "\"second oil shock.\"", "5a75028897ca42001a521daf": "October", "5a75028897ca42001a521db0": "Egypt and Syria)", "5a75028897ca42001a521db1": "\"first oil shock\",", "5a75028897ca42001a521db2": "1979 oil crisis, termed the \"second oil shock.\"", "5a75028897ca42001a521db3": "oil embargo.", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd28": "to avoid being targeted by the boycott.", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd29": "", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2a": "January 18, 1974,", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2b": "March 1974.", "5a38aa28a4b263001a8c187f": "Arab oil producers linked any future policy changes to peace between the belligerents.", "5a38aa28a4b263001a8c1880": "", "5a38aa28a4b263001a8c1881": "", "5a38aa28a4b263001a8c1882": "", "5a38aa28a4b263001a8c1883": "", "5a7504cb97ca42001a521dc3": "NATO.", "5a7504cb97ca42001a521dc4": "Japan", "5a7504cb97ca42001a521dc5": "Arab oil producers", "5a7504cb97ca42001a521dc6": "multilateral negotiations with the combatants.", "5a7504cb97ca42001a521dc7": "Israel", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4a": "August 15, 1971,", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4b": "(rise and fall according to market demand).", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4c": "increased their reserves (by expanding their money supplies) in amounts far greater than before. The result was a depreciation of the dollar and other industrialized nations' currencies. Because oil was priced in dollars, oil producers' real income decreased.", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4d": "September 1971,", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4e": "", "5a38ab9fa4b263001a8c1889": "", "5a38ab9fa4b263001a8c188a": "", "5a38ab9fa4b263001a8c188b": "floating the pound sterling.", "5a38ab9fa4b263001a8c188c": "", "5a38ab9fa4b263001a8c188d": "", "5a75054b97ca42001a521dcd": "Bretton Woods Accord.", "5a75054b97ca42001a521dce": "Gold Exchange Standard", "5a75054b97ca42001a521dcf": "\"float\" (rise and fall according to market demand).", "5a75054b97ca42001a521dd0": "(rise and fall according to market demand).", "5a75054b97ca42001a521dd1": "September 1971,", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd3": "less than two percent per year.", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd4": "", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd5": "1973\u20131974", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd6": "Until the oil shock,", "5a38ace7a4b263001a8c1893": "", "5a38ace7a4b263001a8c1894": "", "5a38ace7a4b263001a8c1895": "", "5a38ace7a4b263001a8c1896": "", "5a38ace7a4b263001a8c1897": "", "5a7505e497ca42001a521de1": "OPEC", "5a7505e497ca42001a521de2": "1947 to 1967,", "5a7505e497ca42001a521de3": "The substantial price increases", "5a7505e497ca42001a521de4": "\"Oil Shock\". After 1971, OPEC was slow to readjust prices to reflect this depreciation. From 1947 to 1967, the dollar price of oil had risen by less than two percent per year. Until the oil shock,", "5725bad5271a42140099d0bd": "October 6, 1973,", "5725bad5271a42140099d0be": "Iran", "5725bad5271a42140099d0bf": "ten times more.\"", "5725bad5271a42140099d0c0": "Iran", "5725bad5271a42140099d0c1": "", "5a38b07ca4b263001a8c189d": "", "5a38b07ca4b263001a8c189e": "", "5a38b07ca4b263001a8c189f": "", "5a38b07ca4b263001a8c18a0": "", "5a38b07ca4b263001a8c18a1": "", "5a75066297ca42001a521de9": "launched a surprise attack on Israel,", "5a75066297ca42001a521dea": "Yom Kippur.", "5a75066297ca42001a521deb": "second-largest", "5a75066297ca42001a521dec": "close US ally.", "5a75066297ca42001a521ded": "ten times more.\"", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0eb": "In response to American aid to Israel,", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ec": "October 16, 1973,", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ed": "their economic and political objectives were met.", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ee": "$2.2 billion", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ef": "\"principal hostile country\".", "5a38b29da4b263001a8c18a7": "", "5a38b29da4b263001a8c18a8": "", "5a38b29da4b263001a8c18a9": "", "5a38b29da4b263001a8c18aa": "", "5a38b29da4b263001a8c18ab": "", "5a75082a97ca42001a521df3": "raised", "5a75082a97ca42001a521df4": "70%,", "5a75082a97ca42001a521df5": "$5.11 a barrel.", "5a75082a97ca42001a521df6": "Libya", "5a75082a97ca42001a521df7": "October 20, 1973.", "57261dab38643c19005ad037": "over 100 billion dollars", "57261dab38643c19005ad038": "Al-Qaeda and the Taliban.", "57261dab38643c19005ad039": "the Middle East.", "57261dab38643c19005ad03a": "lower prices for their own export commodities, amid shrinking Western demand.", "57261dab38643c19005ad03b": "Wahhabism,", "5a38b468a4b263001a8c18b1": "", "5a38b468a4b263001a8c18b2": "", "5a38b468a4b263001a8c18b3": "", "5a38b468a4b263001a8c18b4": "", "5a38b468a4b263001a8c18b5": "", "57261f9f271a42140099d4a9": "price disruptions", "57261f9f271a42140099d4aa": "the USSR", "57261f9f271a42140099d4ab": "1973.", "57261f9f271a42140099d4ac": "Kissinger's dominance.", "5a38b5bca4b263001a8c18bb": "", "5a38b5bca4b263001a8c18bc": "", "5a38b5bca4b263001a8c18bd": "", "5a38b5bca4b263001a8c18be": "", "5a38b5bca4b263001a8c18bf": "", "5726241189a1e219009ac2de": "The embargo", "5726241189a1e219009ac2df": "automobiles.", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e0": "Macroeconomic problems", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e1": "the Arctic.", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e2": "five to ten years", "5a38b819a4b263001a8c18c5": "", "5a38b819a4b263001a8c18c6": "", "5a38b819a4b263001a8c18c7": "", "5a38b819a4b263001a8c18c8": "", "5a38b819a4b263001a8c18c9": "", "5726487b5951b619008f6edd": "Netherlands", "5726487b5951b619008f6ede": "America", "5726487b5951b619008f6edf": "The UK", "5726487b5951b619008f6ee0": "", "5726487b5951b619008f6ee1": "Ted Heath,", "5a38b9b3a4b263001a8c18cf": "", "5a38b9b3a4b263001a8c18d0": "airfields", "5a38b9b3a4b263001a8c18d1": "", "5a38b9b3a4b263001a8c18d2": "", "5a38b9b3a4b263001a8c18d3": "", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db36": "the UK", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db37": "strikes by coal miners and railroad workers", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db38": "1973\u201374", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db39": "Norway", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db3a": "Sweden", "5a38baa2a4b263001a8c18d9": "flying, driving and boating", "5a38baa2a4b263001a8c18da": "", "5a38baa2a4b263001a8c18db": "", "5a38baa2a4b263001a8c18dc": "", "5a38baa2a4b263001a8c18dd": "", "57264cac708984140094c1b3": "Price controls", "57264cac708984140094c1b4": "to encourage investment.", "57264cac708984140094c1b5": "to encourage investment.", "57264cac708984140094c1b7": "rationing", "5a38bbe3a4b263001a8c18e3": "", "5a38bbe3a4b263001a8c18e4": "", "5a38bbe3a4b263001a8c18e5": "", "5a38bbe3a4b263001a8c18e6": "rationing", "5a38bbe3a4b263001a8c18e7": "long lines at gas stations", "57264d9edd62a815002e80fe": "William E. Simon", "57264d9edd62a815002e80ff": "", "57264d9edd62a815002e8100": "to coordinate the response to the embargo.", "57264d9edd62a815002e8101": "20%", "5a38bd58a4b263001a8c18ed": "", "5a38bd58a4b263001a8c18ee": "", "5a38bd58a4b263001a8c18ef": "", "5a38bd58a4b263001a8c18f0": "", "5a38bd58a4b263001a8c18f1": "lines at gasoline stations", "57264efddd62a815002e8134": "55 mph", "57264efddd62a815002e8135": "Emergency Highway Energy Conservation Act.", "57264efddd62a815002e8136": "", "57264efddd62a815002e8137": "November 28, 1995,", "57264efddd62a815002e8138": "1977", "5a38bf63a4b263001a8c18f7": "", "5a38bf63a4b263001a8c18f8": "", "5a38bf63a4b263001a8c18f9": "", "5a38bf63a4b263001a8c18fa": "", "5a38bf63a4b263001a8c18fb": "", "572650325951b619008f6fa9": "energy crisis", "572650325951b619008f6faa": "market and technology realities.", "572650325951b619008f6fab": "congresses and presidents", "5a38c16aa4b263001a8c1901": "", "5a38c16aa4b263001a8c1902": "", "5a38c16aa4b263001a8c1903": "", "5a38c16aa4b263001a8c1904": "", "5a38c16aa4b263001a8c1905": "", "57265200708984140094c237": "U.S.", "57265200708984140094c238": "British", "57265200708984140094c239": "10 years", "57265200708984140094c23a": "Arabs and much of the rest of the Third World.\"", "5a38c34ea4b263001a8c190b": "", "5a38c34ea4b263001a8c190c": "", "5a38c34ea4b263001a8c190d": "", "5a38c34ea4b263001a8c190e": "", "5a38c34ea4b263001a8c190f": "", "57265360dd62a815002e819a": "Japan", "57265360dd62a815002e819b": "71%", "57265360dd62a815002e819c": "declared Japan a \"nonfriendly\"", "57265360dd62a815002e819d": "November 22,", "57265360dd62a815002e819e": "December 25,", "5a38c6bca4b263001a8c1915": "", "5a38c6bca4b263001a8c1916": "", "5a38c6bca4b263001a8c1917": "", "5a38c6bca4b263001a8c1918": "", "5a38c6bca4b263001a8c1919": "", "57265526708984140094c2bd": "USSR's", "57265526708984140094c2be": "Saudi Arabia and Iran", "57265526708984140094c2bf": "Saudi", "57265526708984140094c2c0": "January 1979", "57265526708984140094c2c1": "November 1979", "5a38c911a4b263001a8c191f": "", "5a38c911a4b263001a8c1920": "", "5a38c911a4b263001a8c1921": "", "5a38c911a4b263001a8c1922": "", "5a38c911a4b263001a8c1923": "", "5726581fdd62a815002e823a": "", "5726581fdd62a815002e823b": "Japanese", "5726581fdd62a815002e823c": "V8 and six cylinder", "5726581fdd62a815002e823d": "Japanese", "5a38cd93a4b263001a8c1929": "", "5a38cd93a4b263001a8c192a": "", "5a38cd93a4b263001a8c192b": "", "5a38cd93a4b263001a8c192c": "Japanese", "5a38cd93a4b263001a8c192d": "", "572659535951b619008f703f": "A decade after the 1973 oil crisis,", "572659535951b619008f7040": "Toyota Corona Mark II,", "572659535951b619008f7041": "AM-FM radios,", "572659535951b619008f7042": "(Acura, Lexus and Infiniti,", "5a38ceaaa4b263001a8c1933": "", "5a38ceaaa4b263001a8c1934": "", "5a38ceaaa4b263001a8c1935": "", "5a38ceaaa4b263001a8c1936": "", "5a38ceaaa4b263001a8c1937": "", "57265a58dd62a815002e8270": "Hilux", "57265a58dd62a815002e8271": "Dodge D-50", "57265a58dd62a815002e8272": "GM,", "57265a58dd62a815002e8273": "captive import policy.", "5a38d2f9a4b263001a8c193d": "", "5a38d2f9a4b263001a8c193e": "", "5a38d2f9a4b263001a8c193f": "", "5a38d2f9a4b263001a8c1940": "", "5a38d2f9a4b263001a8c1941": "Toyota Hilux and the Datsun Truck,", "57265bdfdd62a815002e829e": "increase in imported cars", "57265bdfdd62a815002e829f": "four", "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a0": "1985,", "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a1": "Cadillac DeVille and Fleetwood, Buick Electra, Oldsmobile 98, Lincoln Continental, Mercury Marquis,", "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a2": "Chevrolet Bel Air, and Ford Galaxie 500.", "5a38d4b9a4b263001a8c1947": "to introduce smaller and fuel-efficient models", "5a38d4b9a4b263001a8c1948": "", "5a38d4b9a4b263001a8c1949": "", "5a38d4b9a4b263001a8c194a": "", "5a38d4b9a4b263001a8c194b": "", "57265ceddd62a815002e82b8": "1979,", "57265ceddd62a815002e82b9": "1981", "57265ceddd62a815002e82ba": "", "5a38d6e6a4b263001a8c1951": "", "5a38d6e6a4b263001a8c1952": "", "5a38d6e6a4b263001a8c1953": "", "5a38d6e6a4b263001a8c1954": "", "5a38d6e6a4b263001a8c1955": "", "57265e11708984140094c3bb": "1981,", "57265e11708984140094c3bc": "", "57265e11708984140094c3bd": "recover market share,", "57265e11708984140094c3be": "$40 per barrel,", "5a38d93da4b263001a8c195b": "", "5a38d93da4b263001a8c195c": "", "5a38d93da4b263001a8c195d": "shrinking or eliminating profits for high-cost producers.", "5a38d93da4b263001a8c195e": "", "5a38d93da4b263001a8c195f": "$40 per barrel,", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5d": "a body of treaties and legislation,", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5e": "the Treaties establishing the European Union.", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5f": "regulations and directives", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd60": "European Parliament and the Council of the European Union,", "5725c28a271a42140099d14d": "a body of treaties and legislation,", "5725c28a271a42140099d14e": "direct effect or indirect effect", "5725c28a271a42140099d14f": "primary law, secondary law and supplementary law.", "5725c28a271a42140099d150": "European Parliament and the Council of the European Union,", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f0": "primary law, secondary law and supplementary law.", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f1": "the Treaties establishing the European Union.", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f2": "European Parliament and the Council of the European Union,", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f3": "three", "5ad108f9645df0001a2d0a74": "", "5ad108f9645df0001a2d0a75": "", "5ad108f9645df0001a2d0a76": "", "5ad108f9645df0001a2d0a77": "supplementary law.", "5ad108f9645df0001a2d0a78": "", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d1": "courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union.", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d2": "courts of member states.", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d4": "The European Court of Justice", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d5": "case law by the Court of Justice,", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d503": "courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union.", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d504": "Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d505": "The European Court of Justice", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d506": "case law by the Court of Justice,", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890a": "courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union.", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890b": "courts of member states.", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890c": "The European Court of Justice", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890d": "case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.", "5ad10e0f645df0001a2d0b72": "", "5ad10e0f645df0001a2d0b73": "", "5ad10e0f645df0001a2d0b74": "", "5ad10e0f645df0001a2d0b75": "", "5ad10e0f645df0001a2d0b76": "", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d549": "Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU),", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54a": "The European Commission", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54b": "citizens)", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54c": "The European Court of Justice", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54d": "\"European Council\"", "5ad10ece645df0001a2d0b98": "", "5ad10ece645df0001a2d0b99": "", "5ad10ece645df0001a2d0b9a": "", "5ad10ece645df0001a2d0b9b": "", "5ad10ece645df0001a2d0b9c": "", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb4": "The TEU", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb5": "Faroe Islands,", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb6": "can interpret the Treaties, but it cannot rule on their validity,", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb7": "if the Treaty provisions have a direct effect and they are sufficiently clear, precise and unconditional.", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb8": "as soon as they enter into force,", "57268d2ddd62a815002e894e": "Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU).", "57268d2ddd62a815002e894f": "Gibraltar and the \u00c5land islands.", "57268d2ddd62a815002e8950": "as soon as they enter into force,", "57268d2ddd62a815002e8951": "", "5ad10f94645df0001a2d0bc4": "", "5ad10f94645df0001a2d0bc5": "", "5ad10f94645df0001a2d0bc6": "", "5ad10f94645df0001a2d0bc7": "", "5ad10f94645df0001a2d0bc8": "", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bb": "common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy,", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bc": "Treaty of Rome 1957 and the Maastricht Treaty 1992", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bd": "1985,", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5be": "Norway did not end up joining),", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bf": "Greenland", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b0": "", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b1": "1992", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b2": "", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b3": "1972", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b4": "1985", "5ad11097645df0001a2d0be0": "", "5ad11097645df0001a2d0be1": "", "5ad11097645df0001a2d0be2": "", "5ad11097645df0001a2d0be3": "", "5ad11097645df0001a2d0be4": "", "57264865dd62a815002e8062": "Following the Nice Treaty,", "57264865dd62a815002e8063": "France and the referendum in the Netherlands,", "57264865dd62a815002e8064": "very similar", "57264865dd62a815002e8065": "amending treaty,", "57264865dd62a815002e8066": "amending", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c4": "the constitutional law of the European Union", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c5": "a single constitutional document.", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c6": "referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands,", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c7": "Lisbon Treaty", "5ad11186645df0001a2d0bfe": "the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe never came into force.", "5ad11186645df0001a2d0bff": "", "5ad11186645df0001a2d0c00": "", "5ad11186645df0001a2d0c01": "Lisbon Treaty", "5ad11186645df0001a2d0c02": "", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808c": "The European Commission", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808d": "", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808e": "The Commission's President", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808f": "one", "57264a8cdd62a815002e8090": "Federica Mogherini).", "572691545951b619008f76e1": "Article 17(3)", "572691545951b619008f76e2": "The Commission's President", "572691545951b619008f76e3": "a simple majority vote,", "572691545951b619008f76e4": "Ireland", "572691545951b619008f76e5": "", "5ad11288645df0001a2d0c30": "", "5ad11288645df0001a2d0c31": "", "5ad11288645df0001a2d0c32": "", "5ad11288645df0001a2d0c33": "", "5ad11288645df0001a2d0c34": "", "57264e455951b619008f6f65": "Santer Commission", "57264e455951b619008f6f66": "the European Court of Justice held that a Commissioner giving her dentist a job, for which he was clearly unqualified, did in fact not break any law.", "57264e455951b619008f6f67": "Committee of Independent Experts", "57264e455951b619008f6f68": "the European Council,", "57264e455951b619008f6f69": "The President of the Council and a Commissioner can sit in on ECB meetings, but do not have voting rights.", "5726926a5951b619008f7709": "1999,", "5726926a5951b619008f770a": "Commission v Edith Cresson", "5726926a5951b619008f770b": "a Committee of Independent Experts", "5726926a5951b619008f770c": "European Anti-fraud Office.", "5726926a5951b619008f770d": "2012", "5ad11374645df0001a2d0c6c": "", "5ad11374645df0001a2d0c6d": "", "5ad11374645df0001a2d0c6e": "", "5ad11374645df0001a2d0c6f": "", "5ad11374645df0001a2d0c70": "", "5726545f708984140094c2a5": "ministers of the member states.", "5726545f708984140094c2a6": "Donald Tusk)", "5726545f708984140094c2a7": "weighted inversely to member state size,", "5726545f708984140094c2a8": "352 votes,", "5726545f708984140094c2a9": "260", "57269424dd62a815002e8a1e": "the Council,", "57269424dd62a815002e8a1f": "It meets each six months", "57269424dd62a815002e8a20": "352 votes,", "57269424dd62a815002e8a21": "at least 55 per cent of the Council members (not votes) representing 65 per cent of the population of the EU:", "5ad1373b645df0001a2d11cc": "", "5ad1373b645df0001a2d11cd": "", "5ad1373b645df0001a2d11ce": "", "5ad1373b645df0001a2d11cf": "", "5ad1373b645df0001a2d11d0": "", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fa": "a majority of all MEPs", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fb": "qualified majority", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fc": "harder", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fd": "TEU articles 4 and 5", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fe": "Court of Justice", "572695285951b619008f774b": "294", "572695285951b619008f774c": "a majority in Parliament, a minority in the Council, and a majority in the Commission:", "572695285951b619008f774d": "TEU articles 4 and 5", "572695285951b619008f774e": "\"Conciliation Committee\"", "5ad138f4645df0001a2d1258": "", "5ad138f4645df0001a2d1259": "", "5ad138f4645df0001a2d125a": "", "5ad138f4645df0001a2d125b": "", "5ad138f4645df0001a2d125c": "", "572658435951b619008f7025": "The judicial branch", "572658435951b619008f7026": "Court of Justice of the European Union", "572658435951b619008f7027": "28", "572658435951b619008f7028": "member state", "572658435951b619008f7029": "to \"ensure that in the interpretation and application of the Treaties the law is observed\",", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e484": "by assuming the task of interpreting the treaties, and accelerating economic and political integration.", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e485": "Court of Justice of the European Union", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e486": "Civil Service Tribunal", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e487": "three years.", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e488": "to \"ensure that in the interpretation and application of the Treaties the law is observed\",", "5ad139b2645df0001a2d1292": "", "5ad139b2645df0001a2d1293": "", "5ad139b2645df0001a2d1294": "", "5ad139b2645df0001a2d1295": "", "5ad139b2645df0001a2d1296": "", "57265e455951b619008f70bb": "Community law,\"", "57265e455951b619008f70bc": "because the nationalisation law was from 1962, and the treaty was in force from 1958,", "57265e455951b619008f70bd": "1964 and 1968.", "5726975c708984140094cb1f": "the European Court of Justice and the highest national courts", "5726975c708984140094cb20": "1964,", "5726975c708984140094cb21": "the Court of Justice", "5ad13b23645df0001a2d12f8": "", "5ad13b23645df0001a2d12f9": "", "5ad13b23645df0001a2d12fa": "", "5ad13b23645df0001a2d12fb": "", "572699db5951b619008f7799": "EU law", "572699db5951b619008f779a": "foundational constitutional questions affecting democracy and human rights.", "572699db5951b619008f779b": "1972", "572699db5951b619008f779c": "if the EU does not comply with its basic constitutional rights and principles (particularly democracy, the rule of law and the social state principles)", "572699db5951b619008f779d": "the ultimate authority of member states, its factual commitment to human rights, and the democratic will of the people.", "5ad13dbb645df0001a2d1368": "", "5ad13dbb645df0001a2d1369": "", "5ad13dbb645df0001a2d136a": "", "5ad13dbb645df0001a2d136b": "", "5ad13dbb645df0001a2d136c": "", "57269aa65951b619008f77ab": "administrative law", "57269aa65951b619008f77ac": "1986", "57269aa65951b619008f77ad": "All", "57269aa65951b619008f77ae": "constitutional law", "5ad13ef3645df0001a2d138c": "", "5ad13ef3645df0001a2d138d": "", "5ad13ef3645df0001a2d138e": "", "5ad13ef3645df0001a2d138f": "", "5ad13ef3645df0001a2d1390": "", "57269bb8708984140094cb95": "Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen", "57269bb8708984140094cb96": "", "57269bb8708984140094cb97": "a postal company,", "57269bb8708984140094cb98": "Treaty provisions", "5ad14012645df0001a2d13b0": "", "5ad14012645df0001a2d13b1": "", "5ad14012645df0001a2d13b2": "", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b12": "Directives", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b13": "4 weeks", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b14": "more than 28 days", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b15": "early 1990s", "5ad140ab645df0001a2d13ca": "", "5ad140ab645df0001a2d13cb": "", "5ad140ab645df0001a2d13cc": "", "5ad140ab645df0001a2d13cd": "", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e516": "the member state cannot enforce conflicting laws,", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e517": "a citizen or company can invoke a Directive,", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e518": "10 years, from age 18 to 28,", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e519": "", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e51a": "60", "5ad141e1645df0001a2d1402": "", "5ad141e1645df0001a2d1403": "", "5ad141e1645df0001a2d1404": "", "5ad141e1645df0001a2d1405": "", "5ad141e1645df0001a2d1406": "", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e534": "national courts", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e535": "incorporations would only be nullified for a fixed list of reasons.", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e536": "set up an insurance fund for employees to claim unpaid wages if their employers had gone insolvent,", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e537": "6 million Lira", "5ad14337645df0001a2d145a": "", "5ad14337645df0001a2d145b": "", "5ad14337645df0001a2d145c": "", "5ad14337645df0001a2d145d": "", "5ad14337645df0001a2d145e": "", "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e550": "European Court of Justice", "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e551": "fundamental rights (see human rights), proportionality, legal certainty, equality before the law and subsidiarity.", "5ad14468645df0001a2d148a": "", "5ad14468645df0001a2d148b": "", "5ad14468645df0001a2d148c": "", "5ad14468645df0001a2d148d": "", "5726a09f708984140094cc39": "since the 1950s.", "5726a09f708984140094cc3a": "Article 5", "5726a09f708984140094cc3b": "the least onerous", "5ad14573645df0001a2d14b0": "", "5ad14573645df0001a2d14b1": "", "5ad14573645df0001a2d14b2": "the least onerous", "5ad14573645df0001a2d14b3": "", "5ad14573645df0001a2d14b4": "", "5726a14c708984140094cc51": "since the 1960s.", "5726a14c708984140094cc52": "", "5726a14c708984140094cc53": "a proper legal basis.", "5726a14c708984140094cc54": "the principles of legal certainty and good faith,", "5ad146c0645df0001a2d1504": "", "5ad146c0645df0001a2d1505": "", "5ad146c0645df0001a2d1506": "", "5ad146c0645df0001a2d1507": "", "5ad146c0645df0001a2d1508": "", "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b86": "constitutional traditions common to the member states.", "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b87": "fundamental rights recognised and protected in the constitutions of member states.", "5ad14816645df0001a2d1540": "", "5ad14816645df0001a2d1541": "", "5ad14816645df0001a2d1542": "", "5ad14816645df0001a2d1543": "", "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9e": "None", "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9f": "", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba0": "1950", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba1": "the European Court of Human Rights.", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba2": "1999", "5ad14966645df0001a2d1580": "None of the original treaties establishing the European Union mention protection for fundamental rights.", "5ad14966645df0001a2d1581": "", "5ad14966645df0001a2d1582": "1950", "5ad14966645df0001a2d1583": "", "5ad14966645df0001a2d1584": "", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59e": "2007", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59f": "Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a0": "European Union law,", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a1": "the European Court of Justice", "5ad14a28645df0001a2d159e": "", "5ad14a28645df0001a2d159f": "", "5ad14a28645df0001a2d15a0": "", "5ad14a28645df0001a2d15a1": "", "5ad14a28645df0001a2d15a2": "", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5ae": "Treaty of Amsterdam", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5af": "1997", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b0": "1989", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b1": "30", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b2": "40", "5ad14b2e645df0001a2d15ea": "", "5ad14b2e645df0001a2d15eb": "", "5ad14b2e645df0001a2d15ec": "", "5ad14b2e645df0001a2d15ed": "", "5ad14b2e645df0001a2d15ee": "", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd0": "11", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd1": "The UK", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd2": "\"Social Chapter\"", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd3": "1992", "5ad14d8e645df0001a2d16b6": "", "5ad14d8e645df0001a2d16b7": "The UK", "5ad14d8e645df0001a2d16b8": "", "5ad14d8e645df0001a2d16b9": "", "5ad14d8e645df0001a2d16ba": "", "5726a5525951b619008f78dd": "election of the UK Labour Party to government in 1997,", "5726a5525951b619008f78de": "1997,", "5726a5525951b619008f78df": "Works Council Directive,", "5726a5525951b619008f78e0": "1996", "5726a5525951b619008f78e1": "workforce consultation in businesses,", "5ad14e86645df0001a2d16de": "", "5ad14e86645df0001a2d16df": "", "5ad14e86645df0001a2d16e0": "", "5ad14e86645df0001a2d16e1": "", "5ad14e86645df0001a2d16e2": "", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf6": "France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Germany", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf7": "1951", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf8": "cartels", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf9": "66", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bfa": "1957", "5ad14f5a645df0001a2d1710": "", "5ad14f5a645df0001a2d1711": "", "5ad14f5a645df0001a2d1712": "", "5ad14f5a645df0001a2d1713": "", "5ad14f5a645df0001a2d1714": "", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e654": "101(1),", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e655": "abuse of dominant position,", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e656": "106 and 107", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e657": "Article 102", "5ad15059645df0001a2d1722": "", "5ad15059645df0001a2d1723": "", "5ad15059645df0001a2d1724": "", "5ad15059645df0001a2d1725": "", "5ad15059645df0001a2d1726": "", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b55": "2007,", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b56": "since the Treaty of Rome 1957.", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b57": "consumer prices.", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b58": "free trade,", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b59": "", "5ad15170645df0001a2d1734": "", "5ad15170645df0001a2d1735": "", "5ad15170645df0001a2d1736": "", "5ad15170645df0001a2d1737": "", "5ad15170645df0001a2d1738": "", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbe": "customs union,", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbf": "parallel importers", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc0": "private actors.", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc1": "Commission v France", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc2": "protest", "5ad15289645df0001a2d175a": "", "5ad15289645df0001a2d175b": "", "5ad15289645df0001a2d175c": "", "5ad15289645df0001a2d175d": "", "5ad15289645df0001a2d175e": "", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e8": "25 per cent", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e9": "France,", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ea": "2003", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8eb": "cocoa butter", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ec": "motorcycles or mopeds pulling trailers", "5ad153e9645df0001a2d1796": "", "5ad153e9645df0001a2d1797": "", "5ad153e9645df0001a2d1798": "", "5ad153e9645df0001a2d1799": "", "5726ba2c708984140094cf59": "Keck and Mithouard", "5726ba2c708984140094cf5a": "prevent cut throat competition,", "5726ba2c708984140094cf5b": "Konsumentombudsmannen v De Agostini", "5726ba2c708984140094cf5c": "Unfair Commercial Practices Directive,", "5ad1556e645df0001a2d17da": "", "5ad1556e645df0001a2d17db": "", "5ad1556e645df0001a2d17dc": "", "5ad1556e645df0001a2d17dd": "", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e74": "people to pursue their life goals in any country through free movement.", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e75": "the European Community", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e76": "\"citizenship\",", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e77": "Steymann v Staatssecretaris van Justitie,", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e78": "stay, so long as there was at least an \"indirect quid pro quo\" for the work he did.", "5ad15676645df0001a2d17f6": "", "5ad15676645df0001a2d17f7": "", "5ad15676645df0001a2d17f8": "", "5ad15676645df0001a2d17f9": "", "5ad15676645df0001a2d17fa": "", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea6": "articles 1 to 7", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea7": "Jean-Marc Bosman", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea8": "Gaelic", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea9": "Hendrix v Employee Insurance Institute", "5726bc1add62a815002e8eaa": "between 3 and 14 hours", "5ad157cf645df0001a2d1814": "", "5ad157cf645df0001a2d1815": "", "5ad157cf645df0001a2d1816": "", "5ad157cf645df0001a2d1817": "", "5ad157cf645df0001a2d1818": "", "5726bcde708984140094cfbf": "Citizenship of the EU", "5726bcde708984140094cfc0": "the number of social services that people can access wherever they move.", "5726bcde708984140094cfc1": "Commission v Austria", "5726bcde708984140094cfc2": "higher education, along with other forms of vocational training,", "5ad158c0645df0001a2d1828": "", "5ad158c0645df0001a2d1829": "", "5ad158c0645df0001a2d182a": "", "5ad158c0645df0001a2d182b": "", "5726c002708984140094d073": "Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union", "5726c002708984140094d074": "non-discriminatory, \"justified by imperative requirements in the general interest\" and proportionately applied.", "5726c002708984140094d075": "Reyners v Belgium", "5726c002708984140094d076": "49", "5726c002708984140094d077": "Commission v Italy", "5ad15a11645df0001a2d1856": "lack bargaining power", "5ad15a11645df0001a2d1857": "", "5ad15a11645df0001a2d1858": "", "5ad15a11645df0001a2d1859": "", "5ad15a11645df0001a2d185a": "", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8a": "2006,", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8b": "shipping toxic waste,", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8c": "October 2007,", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8d": "2005", "5ad15d77645df0001a2d18c0": "", "5ad15d77645df0001a2d18c1": "", "5ad15d77645df0001a2d18c2": "", "5ad15d77645df0001a2d18c3": "", "5726c3da708984140094d0d9": "people who give services \"for remuneration\",", "5726c3da708984140094d0da": "Dutch law said only people established in the Netherlands could give legal advice.", "5726c3da708984140094d0db": "narcotic drugs", "5726c3da708984140094d0dc": "", "5ad15c52645df0001a2d18ac": "", "5ad15c52645df0001a2d18ad": "", "5ad15c52645df0001a2d18ae": "", "5ad15c52645df0001a2d18af": "", "5ad15c52645df0001a2d18b0": "", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac4": "the Daily Mail", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac5": "\u00a31", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac6": "200,000 Danish krone (around \u20ac27,000)", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac7": "creditor protection, labour rights to participate in work, or the public interest in collecting taxes,", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac8": "\u00dcberseering BV v Nordic Construction GmbH", "5ad15b19645df0001a2d187e": "", "5ad15b19645df0001a2d187f": "", "5ad15b19645df0001a2d1880": "", "5ad15b19645df0001a2d1881": "", "5ad15b19645df0001a2d1882": "", "5725b81b271a42140099d097": "Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle,", "5725b81b271a42140099d098": "5,500,000", "5725b81b271a42140099d099": "nine", "5725b81b271a42140099d09a": "four", "5725b81b271a42140099d09b": "over half", "5728349dff5b5019007d9efe": "Amazoneregenwoud),", "5728349dff5b5019007d9eff": "Amazon", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f00": "Brazil,", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f01": "over half", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f02": "16,000", "5729e2316aef0514001550c4": "moist broadleaf forest", "5729e2316aef0514001550c5": "7,000,000", "5729e2316aef0514001550c6": "nine", "5729e2316aef0514001550c7": "Brazil,", "5729e2316aef0514001550c8": "390 billion individual trees divided into 16,000", "5a0c6698f5590b0018dab3e4": "", "5a0c6698f5590b0018dab3e5": "", "5a0c6698f5590b0018dab3e6": "", "5a0c6698f5590b0018dab3e7": "", "5a0c6698f5590b0018dab3e8": "", "5725be0f271a42140099d117": "wetter", "5725be0f271a42140099d118": "Climate fluctuations", "5725be0f271a42140099d119": "Oligocene,", "5725be0f271a42140099d11a": "at the last glacial maximum.", "5725be0f271a42140099d11b": "the rainforest still managed to thrive during these glacial periods,", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f94": "", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f95": "45\u00b0.", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f96": "Climate fluctuations", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f97": "Oligocene,", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f98": "expanded again", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b5": "Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction event, the extinction of the dinosaurs", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b6": "66\u201334 Mya,", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b7": "Middle Miocene,", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b8": "last glacial maximum.", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b9": "34 million years", "5a0c677bf5590b0018dab3ee": "", "5a0c677bf5590b0018dab3ef": "", "5a0c677bf5590b0018dab3f0": "", "5a0c677bf5590b0018dab3f1": "", "5a0c677bf5590b0018dab3f2": "", "5725c071271a42140099d127": "mid-Eocene,", "5725c071271a42140099d128": "toward the Atlantic,", "5725c071271a42140099d129": "Solim\u00f5es Basin.", "5725c071271a42140099d12a": "last 5\u201310 million years,", "5725c071271a42140099d12b": "the easterly flow toward the Atlantic.", "57283d173acd2414000df78f": "mid-Eocene,", "57283d173acd2414000df790": "Atlantic,", "57283d173acd2414000df791": "Pacific", "57283d173acd2414000df792": "the Amazonas Basin.", "57283d173acd2414000df793": "Solim\u00f5es Basin.", "5729e6313f37b319004785a9": "mid-Eocene,", "5729e6313f37b319004785aa": "middle", "5729e6313f37b319004785ab": "the Atlantic,", "5729e6313f37b319004785ac": "Pacific", "5729e6313f37b319004785ad": "Solim\u00f5es Basin.", "5a0c6a7ef5590b0018dab3f8": "", "5a0c6a7ef5590b0018dab3f9": "", "5a0c6a7ef5590b0018dab3fa": "", "5a0c6a7ef5590b0018dab3fb": "", "5a0c6a7ef5590b0018dab3fc": "", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50b": "Last Glacial Maximum", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50c": "rainfall in the basin during the LGM was lower than for the present,", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50d": "Some scientists argue that the rainforest was reduced to small, isolated refugia separated by open forest and grassland;", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50e": "both explanations are reasonably well supported by the available data.", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50f": "reasonably well supported by the available data.", "572841772ca10214002da1a6": "21,000 years", "572841772ca10214002da1a7": "Last Glacial Maximum", "572841772ca10214002da1a8": "sediment deposits", "572841772ca10214002da1a9": "reduced moist tropical vegetation cover in the basin.", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa779": "21,000 years", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77a": "", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77b": "moist tropical", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77c": "open forest and grassland;", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77d": "practical limitations of working in the rainforest mean that data sampling is biased away from the center of the Amazon basin,", "5a0c6c78f5590b0018dab402": "", "5a0c6c78f5590b0018dab403": "", "5a0c6c78f5590b0018dab404": "", "5a0c6c78f5590b0018dab405": "", "5725c63438643c19005acc9f": "NASA's CALIPSO", "5725c63438643c19005acca0": "182 million tons", "5725c63438643c19005acca1": "1,600 miles", "5725c63438643c19005acca2": "Amazon", "5725c63438643c19005acca3": "132 million tons", "5728455bff5b5019007da078": "NASA's CALIPSO satellite", "5728455bff5b5019007da079": "182 million tons", "5728455bff5b5019007da07a": "", "5728455bff5b5019007da07b": "", "5728455bff5b5019007da07c": "", "5729ea263f37b319004785bd": "NASA's CALIPSO", "5729ea263f37b319004785be": "NASA's", "5729ea263f37b319004785bf": "182 million tons", "5729ea263f37b319004785c0": "1,600 miles", "5729ea263f37b319004785c1": "", "5a0c6d26f5590b0018dab40a": "", "5a0c6d26f5590b0018dab40b": "", "5a0c6d26f5590b0018dab40c": "", "5a0c6d26f5590b0018dab40d": "", "5a0c6d26f5590b0018dab40e": "", "5725c95f38643c19005accf3": "Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise.", "5725c95f38643c19005accf4": "", "5725c95f38643c19005accf5": "agriculture", "5725c95f38643c19005accf6": "recent anthropological findings", "5725c95f38643c19005accf7": "5 million", "572847dd4b864d19001648bc": "poor soil.", "572847dd4b864d19001648bd": "Betty Meggers", "572847dd4b864d19001648be": "0.2", "572847dd4b864d19001648bf": "Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise.", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6c9": "Betty Meggers", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6ca": "Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise.", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cb": "0.2", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cc": "5 million", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cd": "less than 200,000.", "5a0c77e3f5590b0018dab414": "Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise.", "5a0c77e3f5590b0018dab415": "", "5a0c77e3f5590b0018dab416": "Betty Meggers", "5a0c77e3f5590b0018dab417": "", "5a0c77e3f5590b0018dab418": "", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed2": "Francisco de Orellana", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed3": "1540s.", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed4": "spread of diseases from Europe,", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed5": "", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed6": "AD 0\u20131250,", "5729edd56aef051400155112": "Francisco de Orellana", "5729edd56aef051400155113": "1542.", "5729edd56aef051400155114": "AD 0\u20131250,", "5729edd56aef051400155115": "Ondemar Dias", "5729edd56aef051400155116": "11,000", "5a0c7b88f5590b0018dab41e": "", "5a0c7b88f5590b0018dab41f": "", "5a0c7b88f5590b0018dab420": "", "5a0c7b88f5590b0018dab421": "", "5a0c7b88f5590b0018dab422": "", "5725cf3238643c19005acd61": "(black earth", "5725cf3238643c19005acd62": "", "5725cf3238643c19005acd63": "agriculture and silviculture", "5725cf3238643c19005acd64": "Xingu", "5725cf3238643c19005acd65": "Michael Heckenberger and colleagues of the University of Florida.", "5729ef266aef05140015511c": "Terra preta (black earth),", "5729ef266aef05140015511d": "agriculture and silviculture", "5729ef266aef05140015511e": "Xingu", "5729ef266aef05140015511f": "Michael Heckenberger", "5729ef266aef051400155120": "roads, bridges and large plazas.", "5a0c7cb3f5590b0018dab428": "", "5a0c7cb3f5590b0018dab429": "", "5a0c7cb3f5590b0018dab42a": "", "5a0c7cb3f5590b0018dab42b": "", "5a0c7cb3f5590b0018dab42c": "", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61b": "2.5 million", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61c": "One in five", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61d": "", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61e": "one in five", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61f": "between 96,660 and 128,843", "5729f0db6aef051400155126": "2.5 million", "5729f0db6aef051400155127": "2,000", "5729f0db6aef051400155128": "40,000", "5729f0db6aef051400155129": "378", "5729f0db6aef05140015512a": "One in five", "5a0c7d74f5590b0018dab432": "", "5a0c7d74f5590b0018dab433": "", "5a0c7d74f5590b0018dab434": "Brazil", "5a0c7d74f5590b0018dab435": "378", "5726722bdd62a815002e8528": "(", "5726722bdd62a815002e8529": "16,000.", "5726722bdd62a815002e852a": "90,790", "5726722bdd62a815002e852b": "356 \u00b1 47 tonnes", "5726722bdd62a815002e852c": "438,000", "5729f2646aef051400155130": "the highest", "5729f2646aef051400155131": "1,100", "5729f2646aef051400155132": "90,790", "5729f2646aef051400155133": "356 \u00b1 47 tonnes", "5729f2646aef051400155134": "438,000", "5a0c7edcf5590b0018dab43a": "", "5a0c7edcf5590b0018dab43b": "", "5a0c7edcf5590b0018dab43c": "", "5a0c7edcf5590b0018dab43d": "", "5a0c7edcf5590b0018dab43e": "", "5729f3831d0469140077967b": "electric eels", "5729f3831d0469140077967c": "black caiman,", "5729f3831d0469140077967d": "piranha", "5729f3831d0469140077967e": "lipophilic alkaloid toxins", "5729f3831d0469140077967f": "Vampire bats", "5a0c7fb2f5590b0018dab444": "", "5a0c7fb2f5590b0018dab445": "", "5a0c7fb2f5590b0018dab446": "", "5a0c7fb2f5590b0018dab447": "", "5a0c7fb2f5590b0018dab448": "", "5729fd56af94a219006aa72f": "Deforestation", "5729fd56af94a219006aa730": "early 1960s,", "5729fd56af94a219006aa731": "slash and burn", "5729fd56af94a219006aa732": "loss of soil fertility and weed invasion.", "5729fd56af94a219006aa733": "Deforestation", "5a0c807ff5590b0018dab44e": "", "5a0c807ff5590b0018dab44f": "", "5a0c807ff5590b0018dab450": "", "5a0c807ff5590b0018dab451": "", "5a0c807ff5590b0018dab452": "", "5729feaf6aef051400155188": "", "5729feaf6aef051400155189": "587,000", "5729feaf6aef05140015518a": "livestock pasture.", "5729feaf6aef05140015518b": "second-largest", "5729feaf6aef05140015518c": "Seventy percent", "5a0c817df5590b0018dab458": "", "5a0c817df5590b0018dab459": "", "5a0c817df5590b0018dab45a": "", "5a0c817df5590b0018dab45b": "", "572a005f1d046914007796b7": "soy", "572a005f1d046914007796b8": "increased settlement and deforestation.", "572a005f1d046914007796b9": "8,646", "572a005f1d046914007796ba": "18%", "572a005f1d046914007796bb": "declined significantly", "5a0c8ba8f5590b0018dab460": "", "5a0c8ba8f5590b0018dab461": "", "5a0c8ba8f5590b0018dab462": "", "5a0c8ba8f5590b0018dab463": "2000 to 2005", "5a0c8ba8f5590b0018dab464": "", "572a020f6aef051400155198": "biodiversity", "572a020f6aef051400155199": "destruction of the forest,", "572a020f6aef05140015519a": "carbon", "572a020f6aef05140015519b": "1.1 \u00d7 1011 metric tonnes", "572a020f6aef05140015519c": "1.1 \u00d7 1011", "5a0c9275f5590b0018dab46a": "", "5a0c9275f5590b0018dab46b": "", "5a0c9275f5590b0018dab46c": "", "5a0c9275f5590b0018dab46d": "", "572a03a06aef0514001551aa": "severely reduced rainfall and increased temperatures,", "572a03a06aef0514001551ab": "greenhouse gas emissions", "572a03a06aef0514001551ac": "2100.", "572a03a06aef0514001551ad": "though the 21st century", "572a03a06aef0514001551ae": "climate change in addition to deforestation.", "5a0c93b9f5590b0018dab472": "", "5a0c93b9f5590b0018dab473": "", "5a0c93b9f5590b0018dab474": "climate change", "5a0c93b9f5590b0018dab475": "", "5a0c93b9f5590b0018dab476": "", "572a064a3f37b3190047865d": "indigenous", "572a064a3f37b3190047865e": "community-based", "572a064a3f37b3190047865f": "deforestation and ecocide,", "572a064a3f37b31900478660": "Urarina", "572a064a3f37b31900478661": "", "5a0c958bf5590b0018dab47c": "", "5a0c958bf5590b0018dab47d": "", "5a0c958bf5590b0018dab47e": "", "5a0c958bf5590b0018dab47f": "", "5a0c958bf5590b0018dab480": "community-based", "572a07c11d046914007796d5": "", "572a07c11d046914007796d6": "Trio Tribe,", "572a07c11d046914007796d7": "southern Suriname,", "572a07c11d046914007796d8": "map out their ancestral lands to help strengthen their territorial claims.", "572a07c11d046914007796d9": "to protect their tribal lands from commercial interests.", "5a0c96fbf5590b0018dab486": "", "5a0c96fbf5590b0018dab487": "", "5a0c96fbf5590b0018dab488": "", "5a0c96fbf5590b0018dab489": "", "5a0c96fbf5590b0018dab48a": "members of the Trio Tribe,", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75b": "tree growth", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75c": "carbon related", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75d": "Tatiana Kuplich", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75e": "2006", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75f": "Synthetic aperture radar", "5a0c9832f5590b0018dab490": "", "5a0c9832f5590b0018dab491": "", "5a0c9832f5590b0018dab492": "", "5a0c9832f5590b0018dab493": "", "5a0c9832f5590b0018dab494": "", "572a0b101d046914007796e9": "2005,", "572a0b101d046914007796ea": "Woods Hole Research Center", "572a0b101d046914007796eb": "Brazilian National Institute of Amazonian Research", "572a0b101d046914007796ec": "deforestation", "572a0b101d046914007796ed": "savanna or desert,", "5a0c98fef5590b0018dab49a": "", "5a0c98fef5590b0018dab49b": "", "5a0c98fef5590b0018dab49c": "", "5a0c98fef5590b0018dab49d": "", "5a0c98fef5590b0018dab49e": "", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa76f": "2010", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa770": "1,160,000 square miles", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa771": "three", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa772": "2005", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa773": "1.5 gigatons", "5a0c99fcf5590b0018dab4a4": "", "5a0c99fcf5590b0018dab4a5": "", "5a0c99fcf5590b0018dab4a6": "", "5a0c99fcf5590b0018dab4a7": "", "5a0c99fcf5590b0018dab4a8": "carbon dioxide;", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf2": "a phylum of animals that live in marine waters worldwide.", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf3": "\u2018combs\u2019 \u2013 groups of cilia", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf4": "water flow through the body cavity", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf5": "1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) in size.", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf6": "\u2018combs\u2019 \u2013", "57263eaa38643c19005ad371": "comb jellies)", "57263eaa38643c19005ad372": "1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) in size.", "57263eaa38643c19005ad373": "water flow through the body cavity", "57263eaa38643c19005ad374": "'", "57263eaa38643c19005ad375": "marine waters worldwide.", "5a8349a2e60761001a2eb509": "", "5a8349a2e60761001a2eb50a": "", "5a8349a2e60761001a2eb50b": "", "5a8349a2e60761001a2eb50c": "separate phyla.", "5a8349a2e60761001a2eb50d": "", "5725c337271a42140099d163": "100\u2013150", "5725c337271a42140099d164": "tentilla", "5725c337271a42140099d165": "ten times their own weight", "5725c337271a42140099d166": "tentacles", "5725c337271a42140099d167": "large, stiffened cilia", "5726400589a1e219009ac5ee": "ten times their own weight", "5726400589a1e219009ac5ef": "tentilla", "5726400589a1e219009ac5f0": "large, stiffened cilia", "5726400589a1e219009ac5f1": "colloblasts, sticky cells", "5726400589a1e219009ac5f2": "100\u2013150", "5a834af4e60761001a2eb51b": "", "5a834af4e60761001a2eb51c": "", "5a834af4e60761001a2eb51d": "", "5a834af5e60761001a2eb51e": "", "5a834af5e60761001a2eb51f": "", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5e": "single animal can produce both eggs and sperm,", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5f": "can produce both eggs and sperm at the same time.", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe60": "sequential hermaphrodites,", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe61": "platyctenids'", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe62": "hermaphroditism and early reproduction", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd1": "hermaphrodites\u2014a single animal can produce both eggs and sperm,", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd2": "can produce both eggs and sperm at the same time.", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd3": "the eggs and sperm mature at different times.", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd4": "platyctenids'", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd5": "beroids,", "5a834caae60761001a2eb539": "", "5a834caae60761001a2eb53a": "", "5a834caae60761001a2eb53b": "", "5a834caae60761001a2eb53c": "reproduction", "5a834caae60761001a2eb53d": "explosive rate.", "5725c69738643c19005accb9": "ctenophores.", "5725c69738643c19005accba": "Mnemiopsis,", "5725c69738643c19005accbb": "fish larvae and organisms that would otherwise have fed the fish.", "5725c69738643c19005accbc": "bays", "5726431d271a42140099d7f5": "bays", "5726431d271a42140099d7f6": "(planktonic plants),", "5726431d271a42140099d7f7": "Mnemiopsis,", "5726431d271a42140099d7f8": "fish stocks to collapse", "5726431d271a42140099d7f9": "introduction of Beroe", "5a834dbde60761001a2eb555": "", "5a834dbde60761001a2eb556": "", "5a834dbde60761001a2eb557": "", "5a834dbde60761001a2eb558": "", "5a834dbde60761001a2eb559": "", "5725c91e38643c19005acceb": "66 million years ago.", "5725c91e38643c19005accec": "monophyletic,", "5725c91e38643c19005acced": "as far back as the early Cambrian, about 515 million years ago.", "5725c91e38643c19005accee": "tentacles", "5726449f1125e71900ae1928": "515 million years ago.", "5726449f1125e71900ae1929": "Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction", "5726449f1125e71900ae192a": "monophyletic,", "5726449f1125e71900ae192b": "", "5a8352ebe60761001a2eb57d": "515 million years ago.", "5a8352ebe60761001a2eb57e": "", "5a8352ebe60761001a2eb57f": "", "5a8352ebe60761001a2eb580": "", "5a8352ebe60761001a2eb581": "", "5725cb33271a42140099d1db": "cnidarians", "5725cb33271a42140099d1dc": "colloblasts,", "5725cb33271a42140099d1dd": "bilaterians", "5725cb33271a42140099d1de": "Ctenophores", "5725cb33271a42140099d1df": "colloblasts,", "572646655951b619008f6ebf": "cnidarians", "572646655951b619008f6ec0": "colloblasts,", "572646655951b619008f6ec1": "colloblasts,", "572646655951b619008f6ec2": "ctenophores and cnidarians", "572646655951b619008f6ec3": "bilaterians", "5a835482e60761001a2eb597": "", "5a835482e60761001a2eb598": "", "5a835482e60761001a2eb599": "", "5a835482e60761001a2eb59a": "", "5a835482e60761001a2eb59b": "", "572647d0708984140094c14b": "mesoglea", "572647d0708984140094c14c": "diploblastic,", "572647d0708984140094c14d": "ctenophores", "572647d0708984140094c14e": "sponges", "5a835778e60761001a2eb5d9": "", "5a835778e60761001a2eb5da": "", "5a835778e60761001a2eb5db": "", "5a835778e60761001a2eb5dc": "diploblastic,", "5a835778e60761001a2eb5dd": "three", "572648e8dd62a815002e8076": "", "572648e8dd62a815002e8077": "main method of locomotion.", "572648e8dd62a815002e8078": "\"ct", "572648e8dd62a815002e8079": "\"comb-", "5a8359c1e60761001a2eb5f3": "", "5a8359c1e60761001a2eb5f4": "", "5a8359c1e60761001a2eb5f5": "", "5a8359c1e60761001a2eb5f6": "", "5a8359c1e60761001a2eb5f7": "", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db40": "Pleurobrachia.", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db41": "oceanic", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db42": "to withstand waves and swirling sediment particles,", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db43": "Pleurobrachia, Beroe and Mnemiopsis.", "5a835b42e60761001a2eb60d": "swirling", "5a835b42e60761001a2eb60e": "", "5a835b42e60761001a2eb60f": "", "5a835b42e60761001a2eb610": "", "5a835b42e60761001a2eb611": "", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a0": "an epithelium, the gastrodermis.", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a1": "bioluminescence.", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a2": "pharynx", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a3": "a mouth that can usually be closed by muscles; a pharynx (\"throat\"); a wider area in the center that acts as a stomach; and a system of internal canals.", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a4": "the mouth and pharynx;", "5a836273e60761001a2eb63f": "", "5a836273e60761001a2eb640": "", "5a836273e60761001a2eb641": "", "5a836273e60761001a2eb642": "", "5a836273e60761001a2eb643": "", "57264cfa708984140094c1c3": "swimming-plates,", "57264cfa708984140094c1c4": "\"ctenes\" or \"comb plates\")", "57264cfa708984140094c1c5": "a supporting function.", "57264cfa708984140094c1c6": "in the direction in which the mouth is pointing,", "57264cfa708984140094c1c7": "2 millimeters", "5a836496e60761001a2eb657": "", "5a836496e60761001a2eb658": "", "5a836496e60761001a2eb659": "", "5a836496e60761001a2eb65a": "", "5a836496e60761001a2eb65b": "", "57264e66dd62a815002e811a": "It is uncertain", "57264e66dd62a815002e811b": "the mesoglea", "57264e66dd62a815002e811c": "increase its bulk and decrease its density,", "57264e66dd62a815002e811d": "", "5a837038e60761001a2eb6f3": "", "5a837038e60761001a2eb6f4": "", "5a837038e60761001a2eb6f5": "", "5a837038e60761001a2eb6f6": "", "5a837038e60761001a2eb6f7": "to avoid sinking.", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5e": "the aboral organ", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5f": "(at the opposite end from the mouth).", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc60": "a transparent dome made of long, immobile cilia.", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc61": "a statocyst,", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc62": "a balance sensor", "5a8371dfe60761001a2eb725": "", "5a8371dfe60761001a2eb726": "", "5a8371dfe60761001a2eb727": "", "5a8371dfe60761001a2eb728": "", "5a8371dfe60761001a2eb729": "", "57265746dd62a815002e8218": "\"sea gooseberry,\"", "57265746dd62a815002e8219": "a pair of long, slender tentacles,", "57265746dd62a815002e821a": "rounded,", "57265746dd62a815002e821b": "a sheath", "57265746dd62a815002e821c": "at the narrow end,", "5a8373a7e60761001a2eb72f": "", "5a8373a7e60761001a2eb730": "", "5a8373a7e60761001a2eb731": "", "5a8373a7e60761001a2eb732": "", "5a8373a7e60761001a2eb733": "", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcac": "tentilla", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcad": "specialized mushroom-shaped cells in the outer layer of the epidermis,", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcae": "they contain striated muscle,", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcaf": "three", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcb0": "capturing prey:", "5a837549e60761001a2eb739": "", "5a837549e60761001a2eb73a": "fringed", "5a837549e60761001a2eb73b": "three", "5a837549e60761001a2eb73c": "vesicles", "5a837549e60761001a2eb73d": "adhesive;", "572659ea5951b619008f7051": "eight", "572659ea5951b619008f7052": "near the mouth to the opposite end,", "572659ea5951b619008f7053": "evenly round the body.", "572659ea5951b619008f7054": "ciliary groove", "5a838553e60761001a2eb759": "", "5a838553e60761001a2eb75a": "metachronal", "5a838553e60761001a2eb75b": "", "5a838553e60761001a2eb75c": "", "5a838553e60761001a2eb75d": "two adjacent comb rows,", "57265aaf5951b619008f706b": "lobes,", "57265aaf5951b619008f706c": "gelatinous projections edged with cilia", "57265aaf5951b619008f706d": "four", "57265aaf5951b619008f706e": "produce water currents that help direct microscopic prey toward the mouth.", "57265aaf5951b619008f706f": "suspended planktonic prey.", "5a838676e60761001a2eb763": "", "5a838676e60761001a2eb764": "", "5a838676e60761001a2eb765": "", "5a838676e60761001a2eb766": "", "5a838676e60761001a2eb767": "", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd36": "clapping their lobes,", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd37": "", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd38": "nerves", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd39": "", "5a83878de60761001a2eb777": "", "5a83878de60761001a2eb778": "", "5a83878de60761001a2eb779": "", "5a83878de60761001a2eb77a": "", "5a83878de60761001a2eb77b": "", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd50": "Nuda,", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd51": "Beroida,", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd52": "\"zip\" the mouth shut", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd53": "tight closure streamlines", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd54": "pharynx,", "5a83894de60761001a2eb789": "", "5a83894de60761001a2eb78a": "", "5a83894de60761001a2eb78b": "", "5a83894de60761001a2eb78c": "", "5a83894de60761001a2eb78d": "", "57265e97708984140094c3c3": "Cestida", "57265e97708984140094c3c4": "(\"belt animals\")", "57265e97708984140094c3c5": "by undulating their bodies as well as by the beating of their comb-rows.", "57265e97708984140094c3c6": "Cestum veneris", "57265e97708984140094c3c7": "Velamen parallelum,", "5a838a2ee60761001a2eb793": "", "5a838a2ee60761001a2eb794": "", "5a838a2ee60761001a2eb795": "", "5a838a2ee60761001a2eb796": "", "5a838a2ee60761001a2eb797": "aligned in the middle of opposite edges of the ribbon.", "572681c1dd62a815002e8796": "a pair of tentilla-bearing tentacles", "572681c1dd62a815002e8797": "a muscular \"foot\".", "572681c1dd62a815002e8798": "comb-rows.", "572681c1dd62a815002e8799": "rocks, algae, or the body surfaces of other invertebrates,", "5a838b42e60761001a2eb7a7": "", "5a838b42e60761001a2eb7a8": "", "5a838b42e60761001a2eb7a9": "", "5a838b42e60761001a2eb7aa": "", "5a838b42e60761001a2eb7ab": "", "572683075951b619008f7513": "via pores in the epidermis.", "572683075951b619008f7514": "internal fertilization and keep the eggs in brood chambers until they hatch.", "572683075951b619008f7515": "Mnemiopsis,", "572683075951b619008f7516": "in the parts of the internal canal network under the comb rows,", "572683075951b619008f7517": "external", "5a838db9e60761001a2eb7b9": "hermaphrodites, in other words they function as both males and females", "5a838db9e60761001a2eb7ba": "", "5a838db9e60761001a2eb7bb": "", "5a838db9e60761001a2eb7bc": "", "5a838db9e60761001a2eb7bd": "hermaphrodites,", "572684365951b619008f753f": "tentacles and tentacle sheaths.", "572684365951b619008f7540": "among the plankton", "572684365951b619008f7541": "after dropping to the sea-floor.", "572684365951b619008f7542": "true larvae,", "572684365951b619008f7543": "Beroe", "5a838f74e60761001a2eb7cf": "Development of the fertilized eggs is direct,", "5a838f74e60761001a2eb7d0": "", "5a838f74e60761001a2eb7d1": "adults,", "5a838f74e60761001a2eb7d2": "", "5a838f74e60761001a2eb7d3": "among the plankton", "572686fc708984140094c8e5": "they produce secretions (ink) that luminesce at much the same wavelengths as their bodies.", "572686fc708984140094c8e6": "", "572686fc708984140094c8e7": "(", "572686fc708984140094c8e8": "Juveniles", "5a8391c7e60761001a2eb7d9": "", "5a8391c7e60761001a2eb7da": "same", "5a8391c7e60761001a2eb7db": "", "5a8391c7e60761001a2eb7dc": "", "5a8391c7e60761001a2eb7dd": "", "5726887e708984140094c917": "predators", "5726887e708984140094c918": "jellyfish", "5726887e708984140094c919": "incorporate their prey's nematocysts (stinging cells) into their own tentacles", "5726887e708984140094c91a": "smaller, weaker swimmers such as rotifers and mollusc and crustacean larvae.", "5726887e708984140094c91b": "Lampea", "5a839654e60761001a2eb7f1": "", "5a839654e60761001a2eb7f2": "mollusc and fish larvae, to small adult crustaceans such as copepods, amphipods, and even krill.", "5a839654e60761001a2eb7f3": "", "5a839654e60761001a2eb7f4": "", "5a839654e60761001a2eb7f5": "", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33c": "their low ratio of organic matter to salt and water", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33d": "keta,", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33e": "other ctenophores.", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33f": "Red Sea.", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e340": "ctenophores,", "5a8397d0e60761001a2eb7fb": "", "5a8397d0e60761001a2eb7fc": "", "5a8397d0e60761001a2eb7fd": "", "5a8397d0e60761001a2eb7fe": "", "5a8397d0e60761001a2eb7ff": "", "57268c01dd62a815002e8912": "Mnemiopsis leidyi", "57268c01dd62a815002e8913": "via the ballast tanks of ships,", "57268c01dd62a815002e8914": "late 1980s", "57268c01dd62a815002e8915": "by the accidental introduction of the Mnemiopsis-eating North American ctenophore Beroe ovata,", "57268c01dd62a815002e8916": "slowed the animal's metabolism.", "5a8398bbe60761001a2eb805": "", "5a8398bbe60761001a2eb806": "", "5a8398bbe60761001a2eb807": "", "5a8398bbe60761001a2eb808": "", "5a8398bbe60761001a2eb809": "", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39c": "Because of their soft, gelatinous bodies,", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39d": "a comb jelly.", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39e": "the mid-Cambrian", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39f": "Three", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e3a0": "tentacles", "5a839ccfe60761001a2eb81f": "", "5a839ccfe60761001a2eb820": "", "5a839ccfe60761001a2eb821": "", "5a839ccfe60761001a2eb822": "", "5a839ccfe60761001a2eb823": "", "57268f05dd62a815002e8990": "515 million years ago,", "57268f05dd62a815002e8991": "Cambrian sessile frond-like", "57268f05dd62a815002e8992": "Stromatoveris", "57268f05dd62a815002e8993": "Vendobionta", "57268f05dd62a815002e8994": "Ediacaran", "5a83a59be60761001a2eb84b": "", "5a83a59be60761001a2eb84c": "", "5a83a59be60761001a2eb84d": "", "5a83a59be60761001a2eb84e": "", "5a83a59be60761001a2eb84f": "", "57269016708984140094ca41": "all other animals.", "57269016708984140094ca42": "Porifera", "5a83a80ae60761001a2eb855": "", "5a83a80ae60761001a2eb856": "", "5a83a80ae60761001a2eb857": "", "5a83a80ae60761001a2eb858": "", "5a83a80ae60761001a2eb859": "", "572691bedd62a815002e89dc": "beroids", "572691bedd62a815002e89dd": "monophyletic", "572691bedd62a815002e89de": "65.5 million years ago", "572691bedd62a815002e89df": "Richard Harbison's", "5a83acb4e60761001a2eb85f": "", "5a83acb4e60761001a2eb860": "", "5a83acb4e60761001a2eb861": "", "5a83acb4e60761001a2eb862": "", "5a83acb4e60761001a2eb863": "", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4d": "Fresno", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4e": "220 miles", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4f": "\"ash tree\"", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd50": "an ash leaf", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd51": "", "5a7b054521c2de001afe9cce": "", "5a7b054521c2de001afe9ccf": "", "5a7b054521c2de001afe9cd0": "", "5a7b054521c2de001afe9cd1": "", "5a7b054521c2de001afe9cd2": "", "5725cfd0271a42140099d225": "1872,", "5725cfd0271a42140099d226": "the convenience of the railroad and worried about flooding,", "5725cfd0271a42140099d227": "1885.", "5725cfd0271a42140099d228": "47", "5725cfd0271a42140099d229": "the Central Pacific Railroad", "5a7b05cd21c2de001afe9cd8": "", "5a7b05cd21c2de001afe9cd9": "", "5a7b05cd21c2de001afe9cda": "", "5a7b05cd21c2de001afe9cdb": "1931", "5a7b05cd21c2de001afe9cdc": "", "5725d183271a42140099d23d": "2.7%", "5725d183271a42140099d23e": "Chinatown. In 1940, the Census Bureau reported Fresno's population as 94.0% white, 3.3% black and 2.7% Asian. (Incongruously, Chinatown", "5725d183271a42140099d23f": "Pinedale,", "5725d183271a42140099d240": "an interim facility for the relocation of Fresno area Japanese Americans to internment camps.", "5725d183271a42140099d241": "an assembly center.", "5a7b064b21c2de001afe9ce2": "", "5a7b064b21c2de001afe9ce3": "", "5a7b064b21c2de001afe9ce4": "", "5a7b064b21c2de001afe9ce5": "", "5a7b064b21c2de001afe9ce6": "", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d639": "BankAmericard", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63a": "BankAmericard", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63b": "revolve a balance", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63c": "1976,", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63d": "Visa Inc.", "5a7b070121c2de001afe9cec": "", "5a7b070121c2de001afe9ced": "", "5a7b070121c2de001afe9cee": "", "5a7b070121c2de001afe9cef": "", "5a7b070121c2de001afe9cf0": "", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf58": "Bill Aken", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf59": "Bob Gallion", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5a": "Madera", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5b": "The Fresno Barn.", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5c": "Lupe Mayorga,", "5a7b079b21c2de001afe9cf6": "", "5a7b079b21c2de001afe9cf7": "Mexican", "5a7b079b21c2de001afe9cf8": "Bob Gallion", "5a7b079b21c2de001afe9cf9": "", "5a7b079b21c2de001afe9cfa": "", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d687": "three", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d688": "Roeding Park,", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d689": "Kearney Park", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68a": "Shinzen Japanese Gardens,", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68b": "Kearney Park", "5a7b086921c2de001afe9d00": "", "5a7b086921c2de001afe9d01": "", "5a7b086921c2de001afe9d02": "", "5a7b086921c2de001afe9d03": "", "5a7b086921c2de001afe9d04": "southwest.", "5725d7e438643c19005acdf9": "Between the 1880s and World War II,", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfa": "the original Fresno County Courthouse (demolished), the Fresno Carnegie Public Library (demolished),", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfb": "San Joaquin Light & Power Building", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfc": "Hughes Hotel", "5a7b093b21c2de001afe9d0a": "", "5a7b093b21c2de001afe9d0b": "", "5a7b093b21c2de001afe9d0c": "", "5a7b093b21c2de001afe9d0d": "San Joaquin Light & Power Building", "5a7b093b21c2de001afe9d0e": "San Joaquin Light & Power Building", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b3": "1964.", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b4": "Fulton Mall,", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b5": "Pierre-Auguste Renoir", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b6": "near their current locations", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b7": "wide sidewalks", "5a7b0e2221c2de001afe9d14": "", "5a7b0e2221c2de001afe9d15": "one can walk up to and touch.", "5a7b0e2221c2de001afe9d16": "", "5a7b0e2221c2de001afe9d17": "", "5a7b0e2221c2de001afe9d18": "east", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c5": "Fresno's far southeast side,", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c6": "Kings Canyon Avenue and Clovis Avenue.", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c7": "1950s through the 1970s,", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c8": "Sunnyside", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c9": "William P. Bell.", "5a7b0ec521c2de001afe9d1e": "", "5a7b0ec521c2de001afe9d1f": "", "5a7b0ec521c2de001afe9d20": "", "5a7b0ec521c2de001afe9d21": "", "5a7b0ec521c2de001afe9d22": "", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfea": "Tower Theatre,", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfeb": "1939", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfec": "water tower,", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfed": "Fresno Normal School,", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfee": "one-half mile south", "5a7b0fae21c2de001afe9d28": "", "5a7b0fae21c2de001afe9d29": "", "5a7b0fae21c2de001afe9d2a": "", "5a7b0fae21c2de001afe9d2b": "", "5a7b0fae21c2de001afe9d2c": "", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d7": "late 1970s,", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d8": "second and third run movies, along with classic films.", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d9": "1978,[citation", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2da": "Fresno", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2db": "Evita and The Wiz", "5a7b103b21c2de001afe9d32": "", "5a7b103b21c2de001afe9d33": "", "5a7b103b21c2de001afe9d34": "1978,[citation", "5a7b103b21c2de001afe9d35": "", "5a7b103b21c2de001afe9d36": "", "5725e45689a1e219009ac048": "live", "5725e45689a1e219009ac049": "within a few hundred feet", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04a": "the Tower District", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04b": "Tower District", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04c": "Tower District", "5a7b10e021c2de001afe9d3c": "", "5a7b10e021c2de001afe9d3d": "", "5a7b10e021c2de001afe9d3e": "", "5a7b10e021c2de001afe9d3f": "", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d733": "early twentieth century homes,", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d734": "Storybook houses", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d735": "contrasts", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d736": "recent decades.", "5a7b11bb21c2de001afe9d44": "", "5a7b11bb21c2de001afe9d45": "", "5a7b11bb21c2de001afe9d46": "", "5a7b11bb21c2de001afe9d47": "north and east", "5a7b11bb21c2de001afe9d48": "", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0ae": "Huntington Boulevard", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0af": "William Stranahan", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b0": "1914", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b1": "267", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b2": "Fresno Traction Company", "5a7b12a421c2de001afe9d4e": "", "5a7b12a421c2de001afe9d4f": "", "5a7b12a421c2de001afe9d50": "", "5a7b12a421c2de001afe9d51": "", "5a7b12a421c2de001afe9d52": "", "5725edfe38643c19005ace9f": "\"Southwest Fresno\",", "5725edfe38643c19005acea0": "southwest", "5725edfe38643c19005acea1": "African-American", "5725edfe38643c19005acea2": "Hmong or Laotian)", "5725edfe38643c19005acea3": "The \"West Side\"", "5a7b325021c2de001afe9da8": "", "5a7b325021c2de001afe9da9": "99 freeway", "5a7b325021c2de001afe9daa": "", "5a7b325021c2de001afe9dab": "", "5a7b325021c2de001afe9dac": "", "5725f00938643c19005aced7": "M. Theo Kearney,", "5725f00938643c19005aced8": "tall palm trees.", "5725f00938643c19005aced9": "Fresno Street and Thorne Ave", "5725f00938643c19005aceda": "Brookhaven,", "5725f00938643c19005acedb": "\"Dogg Pound\"", "5a7b32e621c2de001afe9db2": "", "5a7b32e621c2de001afe9db3": "", "5a7b32e621c2de001afe9db4": "", "5a7b32e621c2de001afe9db5": "", "5a7b32e621c2de001afe9db6": "", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d76f": "between the 1960s and 1990s", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d770": "Fresno and B streets,", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d771": "Cargill Meat Solutions and Foster Farms", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d772": "West Side.", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d773": "very little", "5a7b33b821c2de001afe9dbc": "", "5a7b33b821c2de001afe9dbd": "", "5a7b33b821c2de001afe9dbe": "", "5a7b33b821c2de001afe9dbf": "", "5a7b33b821c2de001afe9dc0": "late 1990s)", "5725f2c838643c19005aceed": "Ralph Woodward,", "5725f2c838643c19005aceee": "300", "5725f2c838643c19005aceef": "up to 2,500", "5725f2c838643c19005acef0": "22", "5725f2c838643c19005acef1": "April through October,", "5a7b34fa21c2de001afe9dc6": "", "5a7b34fa21c2de001afe9dc7": "", "5a7b34fa21c2de001afe9dc8": "", "5a7b34fa21c2de001afe9dc9": "", "5a7b34fa21c2de001afe9dca": "", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fa": "1946,", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fb": "William Smilie", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fc": "Sierra Sky Park Airport", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fd": "automobiles", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fe": "numerous such communities across the United States and around the world.", "5a7b359f21c2de001afe9dd0": "", "5a7b359f21c2de001afe9dd1": "", "5a7b359f21c2de001afe9dd2": "", "5a7b359f21c2de001afe9dd3": "", "5a7b359f21c2de001afe9dd4": "", "5725f5b1271a42140099d371": "hot and dry", "5725f5b1271a42140099d372": "July", "5725f5b1271a42140099d373": "11.5 inches", "5725f5b1271a42140099d374": "northwest,", "5725f5b1271a42140099d375": "December, January and February", "5a7b37ce21c2de001afe9dda": "", "5a7b37ce21c2de001afe9ddb": "", "5a7b37ce21c2de001afe9ddc": "", "5a7b37ce21c2de001afe9ddd": "", "5a7b37ce21c2de001afe9dde": "", "5725f6e138643c19005acf19": "115 \u00b0F", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1a": "January 6, 1913.", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1b": "1982", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1c": "2.2 inches", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1d": "3.55 inches", "5a7b3b3121c2de001afe9dee": "", "5a7b3b3121c2de001afe9def": "", "5a7b3b3121c2de001afe9df0": "", "5a7b3b3121c2de001afe9df1": "", "5a7b3b3121c2de001afe9df2": "", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf23": "494,665.", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf24": "30.0%", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf25": "8,525", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf26": "30.0%", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf27": "4,404.5", "5a7b3dd921c2de001afe9df8": "494,665.", "5a7b3dd921c2de001afe9df9": "", "5a7b3dd921c2de001afe9dfa": "72.6%", "5a7b3dd921c2de001afe9dfb": "", "5a7b3dd921c2de001afe9dfc": "", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b1": "68,511", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b2": "(19.3%)", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b3": "1,388", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b4": "3.62.", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b5": "3.07.", "5a7b3f0f21c2de001afe9e02": "", "5a7b3f0f21c2de001afe9e03": "", "5a7b3f0f21c2de001afe9e04": "", "5a7b3f0f21c2de001afe9e05": "", "5a7b3f0f21c2de001afe9e06": "", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac128": "427,652", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac129": "149,025", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12a": "8.4%", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12b": "a third", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12c": "4,097.9 people per square mile", "5a7b402121c2de001afe9e0c": "", "5a7b402121c2de001afe9e0d": "97,915", "5a7b402121c2de001afe9e0e": "", "5a7b402121c2de001afe9e0f": "11.2% Asian (about a third", "5a7b402121c2de001afe9e10": "11.2% Asian (about a third", "5725fb8138643c19005acf3f": "To avoid interference with existing VHF television stations in the San Francisco Bay Area", "5725fb8138643c19005acf40": "KMJ-TV,", "5725fb8138643c19005acf41": "June 1, 1953.", "5725fb8138643c19005acf42": "KSEE.", "5725fb8138643c19005acf43": "KGPE,", "5a7b409721c2de001afe9e16": "", "5a7b409721c2de001afe9e17": "", "5a7b409721c2de001afe9e18": "", "5a7b409721c2de001afe9e19": "", "5a7b409721c2de001afe9e1a": "", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ad": "State Route 99,", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ae": "the Sierra Freeway,", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3af": "Freeway/Eisenhower Freeway)", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3b0": "west", "5a7b44ae21c2de001afe9e20": "", "5a7b44ae21c2de001afe9e21": "Clovis and Huntington Lake.", "5a7b44ae21c2de001afe9e22": "", "5a7b44ae21c2de001afe9e23": "", "5a7b44ae21c2de001afe9e24": "", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7dd": "Fresno", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7de": "1950s,", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7df": "SR 99,", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7e0": "rapidly raising population and traffic in cities along SR 99, as well as the desirability of Federal funding,", "5a7b456121c2de001afe9e2a": "", "5a7b456121c2de001afe9e2b": "", "5a7b456121c2de001afe9e2c": "", "5a7b456121c2de001afe9e2d": "", "5a7b456121c2de001afe9e2e": "", "5725ff8238643c19005acf49": "Amtrak San Joaquins.", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4a": "Downtown Fresno.", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4b": "Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway and Union Pacific Railroad", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4c": "San Joaquin Valley Railroad", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4d": "Fresno", "5a7b485921c2de001afe9e52": "", "5a7b485921c2de001afe9e53": "", "5a7b485921c2de001afe9e54": "", "5a7b485921c2de001afe9e55": "San Joaquin Valley Railroad", "5a7b485921c2de001afe9e56": "", "5725d34089a1e219009abf50": "Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", "5725d34089a1e219009abf51": "provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages", "5725d34089a1e219009abf52": "This concept contrasted and contradicted the theretofore established principles of pre-allocation of network bandwidth,", "5725d34089a1e219009abf53": "Davies is credited with coining the modern name packet switching and inspiring numerous packet switching networks in Europe in the decade following,", "572632ceec44d21400f3dc2f": "Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", "572632ceec44d21400f3dc30": "the goal to provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages", "572632ceec44d21400f3dc31": "Donald Davies", "5a5504e1134fea001a0e17f8": "Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", "5a5504e1134fea001a0e17f9": "provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages", "5a5504e1134fea001a0e17fa": "US Department of Defense.", "5a5504e1134fea001a0e17fb": "packet switching", "5a5504e1134fea001a0e17fc": "telecommunications", "5a5645196349e2001acdccfc": "", "5a5645196349e2001acdccfd": "", "5a5645196349e2001acdccfe": "", "5a5645196349e2001acdccff": "", "5a5645196349e2001acdcd00": "", "5a605197eae51e001ab14d0b": "with the goal to provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages", "5a605197eae51e001ab14d0c": "funded by the US Department of Defense.", "5a605197eae51e001ab14d0d": "", "5a605197eae51e001ab14d0e": "funded by the US Department of Defense.", "5a605197eae51e001ab14d0f": "", "5a667457846392001a1e1c2d": "", "5a667457846392001a1e1c2e": "", "5a667457846392001a1e1c2f": "", "5a667457846392001a1e1c30": "", "5a667457846392001a1e1c31": "the development of telecommunications in the Bell System.", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf78": "circuit switching,", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf79": "a fee per unit of connection time, even when no data is transferred,", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf7a": "packet switching may be characterized by a fee per unit of information transmitted, such as characters, packets, or messages.", "572634a789a1e219009ac56c": "circuit switching,", "572634a789a1e219009ac56d": "pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session,", "572634a789a1e219009ac56e": "a fee per unit of connection time, even when no data is transferred,", "572634a789a1e219009ac56f": "packet switching may be characterized by a fee per unit of information transmitted, such as characters, packets, or messages.", "5a55068b134fea001a0e180c": "a method which pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session, each having a constant bit rate and latency between nodes.", "5a55068b134fea001a0e180d": "", "5a55068b134fea001a0e180e": "fee per unit", "5a55068b134fea001a0e180f": "", "5a55068b134fea001a0e1810": "", "5a56496b6349e2001acdcd06": "a method which pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session, each having a constant bit rate and latency between nodes. In cases of billable services, such as cellular communication services, circuit switching is characterized by a fee per unit of connection time, even when no data is transferred, while packet switching may be characterized by a fee per unit of information transmitted,", "5a56496b6349e2001acdcd07": "constant", "5a56496b6349e2001acdcd08": "", "5a56496b6349e2001acdcd09": "", "5a56496b6349e2001acdcd0a": "", "5a60556eeae51e001ab14d15": "", "5a60556eeae51e001ab14d16": "", "5a60556eeae51e001ab14d17": "fee per unit", "5a60556eeae51e001ab14d18": "", "5a667761846392001a1e1c37": "", "5a667761846392001a1e1c38": "packet switching may be characterized by a fee per unit of information transmitted,", "5a667761846392001a1e1c39": "", "5a667761846392001a1e1c3a": "", "5726219489a1e219009ac2d0": "according to a multiple access scheme.", "5726356938643c19005ad2ff": "with or without intermediate forwarding nodes", "5726356938643c19005ad300": "Packets are normally forwarded by intermediate network nodes asynchronously using first-in, first-out buffering,", "5726356938643c19005ad301": "according to a multiple access scheme.", "5a5507df134fea001a0e181e": "Packet mode", "5a5507df134fea001a0e181f": "multiple access scheme.", "5a5507df134fea001a0e1820": "shared physical medium", "5a5507df134fea001a0e1821": "(packet switches or routers).", "5a5507df134fea001a0e1822": "according to a multiple access scheme.", "5a564b1e6349e2001acdcd10": "", "5a564b1e6349e2001acdcd11": "", "5a564b1e6349e2001acdcd12": "", "5a564b1e6349e2001acdcd13": "", "5a564b1e6349e2001acdcd14": "", "5a6057f0eae51e001ab14d1d": "", "5a6057f0eae51e001ab14d1e": "Packets are normally forwarded by intermediate network nodes asynchronously", "5a6057f0eae51e001ab14d1f": "", "5a6057f0eae51e001ab14d20": "fair queuing, traffic shaping, or for differentiated or guaranteed quality of service,", "5a6057f0eae51e001ab14d21": "shared physical medium", "5a66797c846392001a1e1c49": "", "5a66797c846392001a1e1c4a": "first-in, first-out buffering,", "5a66797c846392001a1e1c4b": "", "5a66797c846392001a1e1c4c": "", "5a66797c846392001a1e1c4d": "", "5726249538643c19005ad07f": "the concept of distributed adaptive message block switching", "5726249538643c19005ad080": "Baran developed the concept of distributed adaptive message block switching during his research at the RAND Corporation for the US Air Force into survivable communications networks,", "5726249538643c19005ad081": "", "5726249538643c19005ad082": "by store and forward switching.", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc49": "distributed adaptive message block switching", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4a": "Report P-2626 described a general architecture for a large-scale, distributed, survivable communications network.", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4b": "use of a decentralized network with multiple paths between any two points, dividing user messages into message blocks, later called packets, and delivery of these messages by store and forward switching.", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4c": "by store and forward switching.", "5a5508f5134fea001a0e1828": "", "5a5508f5134fea001a0e1829": "", "5a5508f5134fea001a0e182a": "three", "5a5508f5134fea001a0e182b": "", "5a5508f5134fea001a0e182c": "", "5a564c956349e2001acdcd1a": "", "5a564c956349e2001acdcd1b": "", "5a564c956349e2001acdcd1c": "survivable communications networks,", "5a564c956349e2001acdcd1d": "", "5a564c956349e2001acdcd1e": "", "5a6059ace9e1cc001a33cd34": "during his research at the RAND Corporation for the US Air Force into survivable communications networks,", "5a6059ace9e1cc001a33cd35": "", "5a6059ace9e1cc001a33cd36": "", "5a6059ace9e1cc001a33cd37": "", "5a6059ace9e1cc001a33cd38": "", "5a667dae846392001a1e1c53": "", "5a667dae846392001a1e1c54": "by store and forward switching.", "5a667dae846392001a1e1c55": "", "5a667dae846392001a1e1c56": "distributed adaptive message block switching", "5a667dae846392001a1e1c57": "", "572629c6271a42140099d6a3": "independently developed the same message routing methodology as developed by Baran.", "572629c6271a42140099d6a4": "packet switching,", "572629c6271a42140099d6a5": "proposed to build a nationwide network in the UK.", "572629c6271a42140099d6a6": "A member of Davies' team (Roger Scantlebury) met Lawrence Roberts at the 1967 ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles and suggested it for use in the ARPANET.", "5726378238643c19005ad313": "Donald Davies", "5726378238643c19005ad314": "packet switching,", "5726378238643c19005ad315": "suggested it for use in the ARPANET.", "5a5509e8134fea001a0e183a": "", "5a5509e8134fea001a0e183c": "", "5a5509e8134fea001a0e183d": "", "5a5509e8134fea001a0e183e": "", "5a605b5ee9e1cc001a33cd3e": "", "5a605b5ee9e1cc001a33cd3f": "independently", "5a605b5ee9e1cc001a33cd40": "", "5a605b5ee9e1cc001a33cd41": "independently developed the same message routing methodology as developed by Baran. He called it packet switching, a more accessible name than Baran's, and proposed to build a nationwide network in the UK.", "5a605b5ee9e1cc001a33cd42": "", "5a667f50846392001a1e1c67": "", "5a667f50846392001a1e1c68": "", "5a667f50846392001a1e1c69": "", "5a667f50846392001a1e1c6a": "", "5a667f50846392001a1e1c6b": "", "5726385e271a42140099d797": "complete addressing information.", "5726385e271a42140099d798": "The packets are routed individually,", "5726385e271a42140099d799": "Each packet is labeled with a destination address, source address, and port numbers.", "5726385e271a42140099d79a": "At the destination, the original message/data is reassembled in the correct order, based on the packet sequence number.", "5a550b52134fea001a0e1844": "The packets are routed individually,", "5a550b52134fea001a0e1845": "", "5a550b52134fea001a0e1846": "The packets are routed individually,", "5a550b52134fea001a0e1847": "At the destination,", "5a550b52134fea001a0e1848": "virtual circuit or byte stream is provided to the end-user by a transport layer protocol,", "5a605cdce9e1cc001a33cd48": "", "5a605cdce9e1cc001a33cd49": "based on the packet sequence number.", "5a605cdce9e1cc001a33cd4a": "At the destination, the original message/data is reassembled in the correct order, based on the packet sequence number.", "5a605cdce9e1cc001a33cd4c": "based on the packet sequence number.", "5a668172f038b7001ab0bef8": "", "5a668172f038b7001ab0bef9": "individually,", "5a668172f038b7001ab0befa": "", "5a668172f038b7001ab0befb": "complete addressing information.", "5726398589a1e219009ac588": "Connection-oriented transmission requires a setup phase in each involved node before any packet is transferred to establish the parameters of communication.", "5726398589a1e219009ac589": "The packets include a connection identifier", "5726398589a1e219009ac58a": "", "5726398589a1e219009ac58b": "The packet header can be small,", "5a550c52134fea001a0e1856": "to establish the parameters of communication.", "5a550c52134fea001a0e1857": "in order", "5a550c52134fea001a0e1858": "", "5a550c52134fea001a0e1859": "", "5a550c52134fea001a0e185a": "service parameters", "5a605eaae9e1cc001a33cd52": "negotiated between endpoints", "5a605eaae9e1cc001a33cd53": "The packet header can be small,", "5a605eaae9e1cc001a33cd54": "", "5a605eaae9e1cc001a33cd55": "Address information is only transferred to each node during the connection set-up phase,", "5a605eaae9e1cc001a33cd56": "", "5a66850bf038b7001ab0bf3c": "", "5a66850bf038b7001ab0bf3d": "", "5a66850bf038b7001ab0bf3e": "", "5a66850bf038b7001ab0bf3f": "", "57263b1638643c19005ad333": "", "57263b1638643c19005ad334": "Frame Relay was used to interconnect LANs across wide area networks.", "57263b1638643c19005ad335": "Internet Protocol (IP) at the network layer,", "57263b1638643c19005ad336": "A typical configuration is to run IP over ATM or a version of MPLS.", "5a550e6f134fea001a0e187e": "connection-oriented operations.", "5a550e6f134fea001a0e187f": "the data link layer.", "5a550e6f134fea001a0e1880": "", "5a550e6f134fea001a0e1881": "X.25", "5a550e6f134fea001a0e1882": "UNI", "5a668682f038b7001ab0bf4e": "", "5a668682f038b7001ab0bf4f": "", "5a668682f038b7001ab0bf50": "", "5a668682f038b7001ab0bf51": "", "5a668682f038b7001ab0bf52": "the network layer of the OSI Model.", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7b": "", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7c": "division of functions and tasks between the hosts at the edge of the network and the network core.", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7d": "In the virtual call system, the network guarantees sequenced delivery of data to the host.", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7e": "datagram protocol.", "5a550f98134fea001a0e189c": "about twenty", "5a550f98134fea001a0e189d": "", "5a550f98134fea001a0e189e": "host interface", "5a550f98134fea001a0e189f": "", "5a550f98134fea001a0e18a0": "division of functions and tasks between the hosts at the edge of the network and the network core.", "5a6688fcf038b7001ab0bf6c": "", "5a6688fcf038b7001ab0bf6d": "", "5a6688fcf038b7001ab0bf6e": "X.25", "5a6688fcf038b7001ab0bf6f": "", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8d": "AppleTalk was a proprietary suite of networking protocols", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8e": "local area networks to be established ad hoc without the requirement for a centralized router or server. The AppleTalk system automatically assigned addresses, updated the distributed namespace, and configured any required inter-network routing.", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8f": "The AppleTalk system automatically assigned addresses, updated the distributed namespace, and configured any required inter-network routing.", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc90": "plug-n-play", "5a55106f134fea001a0e18ae": "AppleTalk", "5a55106f134fea001a0e18af": "allowed local area networks to be established ad hoc without the requirement for a centralized router or server.", "5a55106f134fea001a0e18b0": "automatically assigned addresses, updated the distributed namespace, and configured any required inter-network routing.", "5a55106f134fea001a0e18b1": "", "5a55106f134fea001a0e18b2": "primary protocol used by Apple devices through the 1980s and 90s.", "5a668b1df038b7001ab0bf88": "", "5a668b1df038b7001ab0bf89": "", "5a668b1df038b7001ab0bf8a": "", "5a668b1df038b7001ab0bf8b": "", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a2": "The CYCLADES packet switching network was a French research network designed and directed by Louis Pouzin.", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a3": "It was the first network to make the hosts responsible for reliable delivery of data, rather than the network itself,", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a4": "using unreliable datagrams and associated end-to-end protocol mechanisms.", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a5": "ARPANET architecture.", "5a55114d134fea001a0e18c2": "CYCLADES packet switching network", "5a55114d134fea001a0e18c3": "", "5a55114d134fea001a0e18c4": "The CYCLADES packet switching network", "5a55114d134fea001a0e18c5": "The CYCLADES", "5a55114d134fea001a0e18c6": "", "5a668c1af038b7001ab0bfa4": "", "5a668c1af038b7001ab0bfa5": "", "5a668c1af038b7001ab0bfa6": "", "5a668c1af038b7001ab0bfa7": "using unreliable datagrams and associated end-to-end protocol mechanisms.", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c3": "DECnet is a suite of network protocols created by Digital Equipment Corporation, originally released in 1975 in order to connect two PDP-11 minicomputers.", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c4": "to connect two PDP-11 minicomputers.", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c5": "a", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c6": "open standards with published specifications,", "5a551230134fea001a0e18cc": "network protocols", "5a551230134fea001a0e18cd": "network architectures,", "5a551230134fea001a0e18ce": "open standards with published specifications,", "5a551230134fea001a0e18cf": "network protocols", "5a551230134fea001a0e18d0": "", "5a668d25f038b7001ab0bfac": "", "5a668d25f038b7001ab0bfad": "", "5a668d25f038b7001ab0bfae": "", "5a668d25f038b7001ab0bfaf": "", "5a668d25f038b7001ab0bfb0": "", "57263fd138643c19005ad37b": "at the instigation of Warner Sinback,", "57263fd138643c19005ad37c": "(Schenectady, Phoenix, Chicago, and Phoenix) to facilitate a computer time-sharing service, apparently the world's first commercial online service.", "57263fd138643c19005ad37d": "They lost money from the beginning,", "57263fd138643c19005ad37e": "a time-sharing system, based on Kemney's work at Dartmouth\u2014which used a computer on loan from GE\u2014could be profitable.", "5a551328134fea001a0e18d6": "Warner Sinback,", "5a551328134fea001a0e18d7": "", "5a551328134fea001a0e18d8": "computer time-sharing service,", "5a551328134fea001a0e18d9": "", "5a551328134fea001a0e18da": "a time-sharing system, based on Kemney's work at Dartmouth\u2014which used a computer on loan from GE\u2014could be profitable.", "5a668e55f038b7001ab0bfcb": "", "5a668e55f038b7001ab0bfcc": "Dartmouth\u2014which", "5a668e55f038b7001ab0bfcd": "", "5726414e271a42140099d7e5": "to explore computer networking between three of Michigan's public universities as a means to help the state's educational and economic development.", "5726414e271a42140099d7e6": "connections to the CDC mainframe at Michigan State University in East Lansing completed the triad.", "5726414e271a42140099d7e7": "mid-1980s.", "5a551492134fea001a0e18e0": "Merit Network,", "5a551492134fea001a0e18e1": "University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and Wayne State University in Detroit.", "5a551492134fea001a0e18e2": "Michigan Educational Research Information Triad to explore computer networking between three of Michigan's public universities", "5a551492134fea001a0e18e3": "NSFNET project", "5a551492134fea001a0e18e4": "", "5a668fc9f038b7001ab0bfe6": "Michigan State University", "5a668fc9f038b7001ab0bfe7": "", "5a668fc9f038b7001ab0bfe8": "to explore computer networking between three of Michigan's public universities as a means to help the state's educational and economic development.", "5a668fc9f038b7001ab0bfe9": "", "5a668fc9f038b7001ab0bfea": "", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf5": "Telenet was the first FCC-licensed public data network in the United States.", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf6": "Larry Roberts", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf7": "making ARPANET technology public.", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf8": "ARPANET technology but changed the host interface to X.25 and the terminal interface to X.29.", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf9": "GTE.", "5a55157f134fea001a0e18ea": "", "5a55157f134fea001a0e18eb": "making ARPANET technology public.", "5a55157f134fea001a0e18ec": "Telenet", "5a55157f134fea001a0e18ed": "", "5a55157f134fea001a0e18ee": "this was incompatible with their future.", "5a6690d6f038b7001ab0bff0": "", "5a6690d6f038b7001ab0bff1": "", "5a6690d6f038b7001ab0bff2": "", "5a6690d6f038b7001ab0bff3": "", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd13": "Tymnet was an international data communications network headquartered in San Jose, CA that utilized virtual call packet switched technology and used X.25, SNA/SDLC, BSC and ASCII interfaces to connect host computers (servers)at thousands of large companies, educational institutions, and government agencies.", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd14": "Tymnet was also connected to dozens of other public networks in the U.S. and internationally via X.25/X.75 gateways.", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd15": "Users typically connected via dial-up connections or dedicated async connections.", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd16": "allowed government agencies and large companies (mostly banks and airlines) to build their own dedicated networks.", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd17": "build their own dedicated networks.", "5a55167b134fea001a0e18fe": "thousands of large companies, educational institutions, and government agencies.", "5a55167b134fea001a0e18ff": "to reach locations not on the private network.", "5a55167b134fea001a0e1900": "Another employee", "5a55167b134fea001a0e1901": "Users", "5a55167b134fea001a0e1902": "", "5a6694dbf038b7001ab0c002": "", "5a6694dbf038b7001ab0c003": "", "5a6694dbf038b7001ab0c004": "", "5a6694dbf038b7001ab0c005": "connect host computers (servers)at", "5a6694dbf038b7001ab0c006": "", "572643de5951261400b5195a": "two kinds of X.25 networks.", "572643de5951261400b5195b": "DATAPAC was developed by Bell Northern Research which was a joint venture of Bell Canada (a common carrier) and Northern Telecom (a telecommunications equipment supplier).", "572643de5951261400b5195c": "X.75 and X.121 allowed the interconnection of national X.25 networks.", "5a551a65134fea001a0e191c": "", "5a551a65134fea001a0e191d": "DATAPAC clones", "5a551a65134fea001a0e191e": "", "5a551a65134fea001a0e191f": "DATAPAC clones", "5a551a65134fea001a0e1920": "X.75 and X.121", "5a6695e8f038b7001ab0c016": "", "5a6695e8f038b7001ab0c017": "", "5a6695e8f038b7001ab0c018": "", "5a6695e8f038b7001ab0c019": "", "5a6695e8f038b7001ab0c01a": "", "5726446a89cfff1900a8404d": "AUSTPAC was an Australian public X.25 network operated by Telstra.", "5726446a89cfff1900a8404e": "supporting applications such as on-line betting, financial applications \u2014 the Australian Tax Office made use of AUSTPAC \u2014 and remote terminal access to academic institutions,", "5726446a89cfff1900a8404f": "Access can be via a dial-up terminal to a PAD, or, by linking a permanent X.25 node to the network.[citation", "5a551d87134fea001a0e1944": "", "5a551d87134fea001a0e1945": "AUSTPAC", "5a551d87134fea001a0e1946": "", "5a551d87134fea001a0e1947": "academic institutions,", "5a551d87134fea001a0e1948": "financial applications \u2014 the", "5a6696d0f038b7001ab0c020": "", "5a6696d0f038b7001ab0c021": "academic institutions,", "5a6696d0f038b7001ab0c022": "", "5a6696d0f038b7001ab0c023": "", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac6": "the public switched data network operated by the Dutch PTT Telecom (now known as KPN).", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac7": "Datanet 1 only referred to the network and the connected users via leased lines", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac8": "public PAD service Telepad", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac9": "incorrect", "5a552252134fea001a0e1962": "all these services were managed by the same people within one department", "5a552252134fea001a0e1963": "Telepad", "5a552252134fea001a0e1964": "", "5a552252134fea001a0e1965": "Datanet 1 was used for these services as well. Although this use of the name", "5a552252134fea001a0e1966": "the same people within one department of KPN", "5a669800f038b7001ab0c03c": "", "5a669800f038b7001ab0c03d": "", "5a669800f038b7001ab0c03e": "", "5a669800f038b7001ab0c03f": "", "5726462b708984140094c117": "The Computer Science Network (CSNET) was a computer network funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) that began operation in 1981.", "5726462b708984140094c118": "Its purpose was to extend networking benefits, for computer science departments at academic and research institutions that could not be directly connected to ARPANET, due to funding or authorization limitations.", "5726462b708984140094c119": "", "5a55234d134fea001a0e1974": "development of the global Internet.", "5a55234d134fea001a0e1975": "", "5a55234d134fea001a0e1976": "computer science departments at academic and research institutions", "5a55234d134fea001a0e1977": "", "5a55234d134fea001a0e1978": "ARPANET,", "5a669a2cf038b7001ab0c044": "", "5a669a2cf038b7001ab0c045": "to extend networking benefits,", "5a669a2cf038b7001ab0c046": "funding or authorization limitations.", "5a669a2cf038b7001ab0c047": "", "5a669a2cf038b7001ab0c048": "", "5726472bdd62a815002e8042": "Internet2 is a not-for-profit United States computer networking consortium led by members from the research and education communities, industry, and government.", "5726472bdd62a815002e8043": "Level 3 Communications to launch a brand new nationwide network,", "5726472bdd62a815002e8044": "Abilene,", "5726472bdd62a815002e8045": "Level 3 Communications to launch a brand new nationwide network,", "5726472bdd62a815002e8046": "Internet2 Network.", "5a55242b134fea001a0e197e": "", "5a55242b134fea001a0e197f": "", "5a55242b134fea001a0e1980": "Internet2 Network.", "5a55242b134fea001a0e1981": "Internet2 Network,", "5a55242b134fea001a0e1982": "Internet2 Network.", "5a669b3df038b7001ab0c04e": "", "5a669b3df038b7001ab0c04f": "", "5a669b3df038b7001ab0c050": "", "5a669b3df038b7001ab0c051": "National LambdaRail", "572647e2dd62a815002e805c": "The National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET) was a program of coordinated, evolving projects sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) beginning in 1985 to promote advanced research and education networking in the United States.", "572647e2dd62a815002e805d": "to promote advanced research and education networking in the United States.", "572647e2dd62a815002e805e": "it developed into a major part of the Internet backbone.", "5a552578134fea001a0e1990": "National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET) was a program of coordinated, evolving projects sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF)", "5a552578134fea001a0e1991": "", "5a552578134fea001a0e1992": "", "5a552578134fea001a0e1993": "a major part of the Internet backbone.", "5a552578134fea001a0e1994": "", "5a669ca9f038b7001ab0c056": "advanced research and education networking", "5a669ca9f038b7001ab0c057": "", "5a669ca9f038b7001ab0c058": "", "5a669ca9f038b7001ab0c059": "", "572648d1708984140094c15d": "The Very high-speed Backbone Network Service", "572648d1708984140094c15e": "to provide high-speed interconnection between NSF-sponsored supercomputing centers and select access points in the United States.", "572648d1708984140094c15f": "The network was engineered and operated by MCI Telecommunications", "572648d1708984140094c160": "", "572648d1708984140094c161": "The vBNS installed one of the first ever production OC-48c (2.5 Gbit/s) IP links", "5a55319c134fea001a0e19ba": "", "5a55319c134fea001a0e19bb": "", "5a55319c134fea001a0e19bc": "", "5a55319c134fea001a0e19bd": "(622 Mbit/s) links on an all OC-12c backbone,", "5a55319c134fea001a0e19be": "", "5a669d5cf038b7001ab0c05e": "", "5a669d5cf038b7001ab0c05f": "", "5a669d5cf038b7001ab0c060": "", "5a669d5cf038b7001ab0c061": "", "5a669d5cf038b7001ab0c062": "12", "57264684708984140094c123": "arid plains of Central Asia,", "57264684708984140094c124": "it was most likely carried by Oriental rat fleas living on the black rats that were regular passengers on merchant ships.", "57264684708984140094c125": "30\u201360%", "57264684708984140094c126": "17th century.", "57264684708984140094c127": "the 19th century.", "5a2eb84ba83784001a7d241f": "", "5a2eb84ba83784001a7d2420": "carried by Oriental rat fleas living on the black rats that were regular passengers on merchant ships.", "5a2eb84ba83784001a7d2421": "", "5a2eb84ba83784001a7d2422": "", "5a2eb84ba83784001a7d2423": "", "572647935951b619008f6ec9": "(commonly present)", "572647935951b619008f6eca": "1338\u201339", "572647935951b619008f6ecb": "in", "572647935951b619008f6ecc": "1331,", "572647935951b619008f6ecd": "25 million", "5a2eb95ca83784001a7d2429": "", "5a2eb95ca83784001a7d242a": "13th century", "5a2eb95ca83784001a7d242b": "", "5a2eb95ca83784001a7d242c": "", "5a2eb95ca83784001a7d242d": "", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0a": "Genoese traders", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0b": "Mongol army under Jani Beg", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0c": "infected corpses", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0d": "Sicily and the south of Europe,", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0e": "war, famine, and weather", "5a2eba17a83784001a7d2433": "", "5a2eba17a83784001a7d2434": "", "5a2eba17a83784001a7d2435": "", "5a2eba17a83784001a7d2436": "", "5a2eba17a83784001a7d2437": "", "572648ed5951b619008f6f03": "northwest", "572648ed5951b619008f6f04": "Russia", "572648ed5951b619008f6f05": "smaller trade relations with their neighbours,", "572648ed5951b619008f6f06": "Germany and Scandinavia", "572648ed5951b619008f6f07": "1349", "5a2ebaada83784001a7d243d": "June 1348,", "5a2ebaada83784001a7d243e": "", "5a2ebaada83784001a7d243f": "1349", "5a2ebaada83784001a7d2440": "", "5a2ebaada83784001a7d2441": "", "57264991f1498d1400e8db2e": "serious depopulation and permanent change in both economic and social structures.", "57264991f1498d1400e8db2f": "autumn 1347,", "57264991f1498d1400e8db30": "probably through the port's trade with Constantinople, and ports on the Black Sea.", "57264991f1498d1400e8db31": "the north,", "5a2ebb5fa83784001a7d2447": "", "5a2ebb5fa83784001a7d2448": "the north,", "5a2ebb5fa83784001a7d2449": "", "5a2ebb5fa83784001a7d244a": "", "5a2ebb5fa83784001a7d244b": "Syria", "57264a74708984140094c18b": "Gasquet", "57264a74708984140094c18c": "atra mors", "57264a74708984140094c18d": "", "57264a74708984140094c18e": "1823", "57264a74708984140094c18f": "Scandinavia", "5a2ec431a83784001a7d2451": "", "5a2ec431a83784001a7d2452": "1823", "5a2ec431a83784001a7d2453": "", "5a2ec431a83784001a7d2454": "", "5a2ec431a83784001a7d2455": "", "57264b3edd62a815002e80aa": "", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ab": "the king of France", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ac": "Miasma theory.", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ad": "Miasma theory.", "5a2ec55da83784001a7d245b": "", "5a2ec55da83784001a7d245c": "bad air", "5a2ec55da83784001a7d245d": "", "5a2ec55da83784001a7d245e": "", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c6": "Yersinia pestis,", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c7": "1894,", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c8": "Alexandre Yersin,", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c9": "mechanism by which Y. pestis was usually transmitted", "57264c42dd62a815002e80ca": "two populations of rodents:", "5a2ec77ba83784001a7d2463": "", "5a2ec77ba83784001a7d2464": "", "5a2ec77ba83784001a7d2465": "", "5a2ec77ba83784001a7d2466": "", "5a2ec77ba83784001a7d2467": "Alexandre Yersin,", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e4": "Francis Aidan Gasquet", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e5": "some form of the ordinary Eastern or bubonic plague\".", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e6": "1908,", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e7": "rats and fleas", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e8": "Justinian plague", "5a2ec82fa83784001a7d246d": "", "5a2ec82fa83784001a7d246e": "", "5a2ec82fa83784001a7d246f": "", "5a2ec82fa83784001a7d2470": "", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7a": "30\u201375%", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7b": "(100\u2013106 \u00b0F),", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7c": "80 percent", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7d": "90 to 95 percent.", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7e": "", "5a2ec98aa83784001a7d2477": "", "5a2ec98aa83784001a7d2478": "", "5a2ec98aa83784001a7d2479": "", "5a2ec98aa83784001a7d247a": "", "5a2ec98aa83784001a7d247b": "", "57264e2f708984140094c1e1": "October 2010,", "57264e2f708984140094c1e2": "the role of Yersinia pestis in the Black Death", "57264e2f708984140094c1e3": "Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques", "57264e2f708984140094c1e4": "tooth sockets in human skeletons from mass graves", "57264e2f708984140094c1e5": "unambiguously demonstrates that Y. pestis was the causative agent of the epidemic plague that devastated Europe during the Middle Ages\".", "5a2eca47a83784001a7d2481": "", "5a2eca47a83784001a7d2482": "", "5a2eca47a83784001a7d2483": "", "5a2eca47a83784001a7d2484": "", "5a2eca47a83784001a7d2485": "", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbae": "(genetic branches)", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbaf": "Y. p. orientalis and Y. p. medievalis,", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb0": "the plague may have entered Europe in two waves.", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb1": "November 1347", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb2": "spring of 1349,", "5a2ecb43a83784001a7d248b": "", "5a2ecb43a83784001a7d248c": "", "5a2ecb43a83784001a7d248d": "", "5a2ecb43a83784001a7d248e": "", "5a2ecb43a83784001a7d248f": "", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa1": "The results of the Haensch study have since been confirmed and amended.", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa2": "England,", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa3": "may no longer exist.\"", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa4": "October 2011", "5a2ecbe9a83784001a7d2495": "", "5a2ecbe9a83784001a7d2496": "", "5a2ecbe9a83784001a7d2497": "", "5a2ecbe9a83784001a7d2498": "", "5726509bdd62a815002e815a": "J. F. D. Shrewsbury", "5726509bdd62a815002e815b": "the reported rates of mortality in rural areas during the 14th-century pandemic were inconsistent with the modern bubonic plague,", "5726509bdd62a815002e815c": "contemporary accounts were exaggerations.", "5726509bdd62a815002e815d": "the first major work to challenge the bubonic plague theory directly,", "5726509bdd62a815002e815e": "Samuel K. Cohn, Jr.", "5a2eccc9a83784001a7d249f": "", "5a2eccc9a83784001a7d24a0": "", "5a2eccc9a83784001a7d24a1": "", "5a2eccc9a83784001a7d24a2": "", "5a2eccc9a83784001a7d24a3": "(", "5726516a708984140094c223": "an epidemiological account", "5726516a708984140094c224": "lack of reliable statistics", "5726516a708984140094c225": "over 100%", "5726516a708984140094c226": "", "5726516a708984140094c227": "between the time of publication of the Domesday Book and the year 1377.", "5a2ecd6da83784001a7d24a9": "", "5a2ecd6da83784001a7d24aa": "", "5a2ecd6da83784001a7d24ab": "", "5a2ecd6da83784001a7d24ac": "", "57265285708984140094c25b": "lack of accounts of the death of rats before outbreaks of plague between the 14th and 17th centuries;", "57265285708984140094c25c": "likely to be of marginal", "57265285708984140094c25d": "temperatures that are too cold in northern Europe for the survival of fleas;", "57265285708984140094c25e": "", "57265285708984140094c25f": "5 to 15 years,", "5a2eced7a83784001a7d24b1": "", "5a2eced7a83784001a7d24b2": "", "5a2eced7a83784001a7d24b3": "", "5a2eced7a83784001a7d24b4": "", "5a2eced7a83784001a7d24b5": "", "5726534d708984140094c26d": "", "5726534d708984140094c26e": "thought it may have been a combination of anthrax and other pandemics.", "5726534d708984140094c26f": "typhus, smallpox and respiratory infections.", "5726534d708984140094c270": "(a type of \"blood poisoning\")", "5726534d708984140094c271": "25", "5a2ecfb1a83784001a7d24c5": "", "5a2ecfb1a83784001a7d24c6": "", "5a2ecfb1a83784001a7d24c7": "", "5a2ecfb1a83784001a7d24c8": "", "5a2ecfb1a83784001a7d24c9": "", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc28": "a third.", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc29": "Half", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2a": "pre-planning", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2b": "50%", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2c": "most isolated", "5a2ed0a0a83784001a7d24cf": "", "5a2ed0a0a83784001a7d24d0": "", "5a2ed0a0a83784001a7d24d1": "", "5a2ed0a0a83784001a7d24d2": "", "5a2ed0a0a83784001a7d24d3": "", "572654e2708984140094c2b7": "14th to 17th centuries.", "572654e2708984140094c2b8": "the plague was present somewhere in Europe in every year between 1346 and 1671.", "572654e2708984140094c2b9": "almost a million", "5a2ed136a83784001a7d24d9": "", "5a2ed136a83784001a7d24da": "", "5a2ed136a83784001a7d24db": "", "5a2ed136a83784001a7d24dc": "", "5a2ed136a83784001a7d24dd": "", "5726559edd62a815002e81c8": "propose a range of preincident population figures", "5726559edd62a815002e81c9": "end of 1350,", "5726559edd62a815002e81ca": "", "5726559edd62a815002e81cb": "1665.", "5a2ed246a83784001a7d24e3": "", "5a2ed246a83784001a7d24e4": "", "5a2ed246a83784001a7d24e5": "", "5a2ed246a83784001a7d24e6": "", "5a2ed246a83784001a7d24e7": "", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc68": "40,000", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc69": "Russia,", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6a": "22", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6b": "Italian Plague", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6c": "1654.", "5a2ed354a83784001a7d24ed": "30", "5a2ed354a83784001a7d24ee": "", "5a2ed354a83784001a7d24ef": "", "5a2ed354a83784001a7d24f0": "", "5a2ed354a83784001a7d24f1": "", "57265700dd62a815002e820e": "1.7 million", "57265700dd62a815002e820f": "300,000", "57265700dd62a815002e8210": "half.", "57265700dd62a815002e8211": "Sweden v. Russia and allies)", "57265700dd62a815002e8212": "1720", "5a2ed42fa83784001a7d24f7": "Spain.", "5a2ed42fa83784001a7d24f8": "", "5a2ed42fa83784001a7d24f9": "", "5a2ed42fa83784001a7d24fa": "a third", "5a2ed42fa83784001a7d24fb": "", "5726577f708984140094c301": "1500 and 1850.", "5726577f708984140094c302": "30 to 50 thousand", "5726577f708984140094c303": "until the second quarter of the 19th century.", "5726577f708984140094c304": "", "5a2ed525a83784001a7d2501": "", "5a2ed525a83784001a7d2502": "", "5a2ed525a83784001a7d2503": "", "5a2ed525a83784001a7d2504": "", "5a2ed525a83784001a7d2505": "", "572657d9dd62a815002e8230": "melt", "572657d9dd62a815002e8231": "metamorphic", "572657d9dd62a815002e8232": "a new magma", "572657d9dd62a815002e8233": "igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.", "572657d9dd62a815002e8234": "heat and pressure", "5a57c667770dc0001aeefd66": "", "5a57c667770dc0001aeefd67": "", "5a57c667770dc0001aeefd68": "", "5a57c667770dc0001aeefd69": "", "5a57c667770dc0001aeefd6a": "", "5a58cfd63e1742001a15ce32": "", "5a58cfd63e1742001a15ce33": "", "5a58cfd63e1742001a15ce34": "", "5a58cfd63e1742001a15ce35": "", "5a58cfd63e1742001a15ce36": "", "57265d08708984140094c397": "seafloor spreading,", "57265d08708984140094c398": "crust and rigid uppermost portion of the upper mantle,", "57265d08708984140094c399": "asthenosphere.", "57265d08708984140094c39a": "the convecting mantle", "57265d08708984140094c39b": "1960s,", "5a57ca90770dc0001aeefd70": "", "5a57ca90770dc0001aeefd71": "", "5a57ca90770dc0001aeefd72": "", "5a57ca90770dc0001aeefd73": "", "5a57ca90770dc0001aeefd74": "", "5a58d33e3e1742001a15ce3c": "", "5a58d33e3e1742001a15ce3d": "", "5a58d33e3e1742001a15ce3e": "", "5a58d33e3e1742001a15ce3f": "", "5a58d33e3e1742001a15ce40": "", "57265f605951b619008f70db": "divergent boundaries,", "57265f605951b619008f70dc": "convergent boundaries,", "57265f605951b619008f70dd": "", "57265f605951b619008f70de": "Alfred Wegener's", "57265f605951b619008f70df": "convecting mantle.", "5a57cc97770dc0001aeefd84": "resulted in widespread powerful earthquakes.", "5a57cc97770dc0001aeefd86": "divergent boundaries,", "5a57cc97770dc0001aeefd87": "", "5a57cc97770dc0001aeefd88": "", "5a58db973e1742001a15ce4e": "", "5a58db973e1742001a15ce4f": "", "5a58db973e1742001a15ce50": "", "5a58db973e1742001a15ce51": "", "5a58db973e1742001a15ce52": "", "57266193dd62a815002e832a": "seismic", "57266193dd62a815002e832b": "", "57266193dd62a815002e832c": "", "57266193dd62a815002e832d": "mantle", "57266193dd62a815002e832e": "wave speeds", "5a57cf7a770dc0001aeefda2": "", "5a57cf7a770dc0001aeefda3": "", "5a57cf7a770dc0001aeefda4": "", "5a57cf7a770dc0001aeefda5": "", "5a57cf7a770dc0001aeefda6": "", "5a58dd513e1742001a15ce61": "", "5a58dd513e1742001a15ce62": "", "5a58dd513e1742001a15ce63": "", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf2": "", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf4": "the Quaternary", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf5": "Holocene", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf6": "Quaternary", "5a57d364770dc0001aeefdc8": "the most recent era,", "5a57d364770dc0001aeefdc9": "", "5a57d364770dc0001aeefdca": "", "5a57d364770dc0001aeefdcb": "", "5a57d364770dc0001aeefdcc": "", "5a58e3833e1742001a15ce82": "", "5a58e3833e1742001a15ce83": "", "5a58e3833e1742001a15ce84": "four", "5a58e3833e1742001a15ce85": "", "5a58e3833e1742001a15ce86": "", "572665ff708984140094c4c3": "The principle of cross-cutting relationships", "572665ff708984140094c4c4": "younger", "572665ff708984140094c4c5": "the key bed", "572665ff708984140094c4c6": "", "5a57d668770dc0001aeefde6": "principle of cross-cutting relationships pertains to the formation of faults and the age of the sequences through which they cut. Faults are younger than the rocks they cut; accordingly, if a fault is found that penetrates some formations but not those on top of it, then the formations that were cut are older than the fault, and the ones that are not cut must be younger than the fault. Finding the key bed", "5a57d668770dc0001aeefde7": "", "5a57d668770dc0001aeefde8": "", "5a57d668770dc0001aeefde9": "", "5a57d668770dc0001aeefdea": "", "5a58e9133e1742001a15cea6": "", "5a58e9133e1742001a15cea7": "", "5a58e9133e1742001a15cea8": "", "5a58e9133e1742001a15cea9": "", "5a58e9133e1742001a15ceaa": "", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de90": "xenoliths", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de91": "magma or lava flows,", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de92": "clasts)", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de93": "The principle of inclusions and components", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de94": "gravel", "5a57eee0770dc0001aeefed8": "", "5a57eee0770dc0001aeefed9": "", "5a57eee0770dc0001aeefeda": "", "5a57eee0770dc0001aeefedb": "", "5a57eee0770dc0001aeefedc": "", "5a58f69e3e1742001a15cede": "", "5a58f69e3e1742001a15cedf": "", "5a58f69e3e1742001a15cee0": "", "5a58f69e3e1742001a15cee1": "", "5a58f69e3e1742001a15cee2": "", "572669a9dd62a815002e8416": "faunal succession", "572669a9dd62a815002e8417": "William Smith", "572669a9dd62a815002e8418": "quite complex,", "572669a9dd62a815002e8419": "organisms", "572669a9dd62a815002e841a": "Charles Darwin's", "5a57f0ea770dc0001aeefee2": "", "5a57f0ea770dc0001aeefee3": "", "5a57f0ea770dc0001aeefee4": "", "5a57f0ea770dc0001aeefee5": "", "5a57f0ea770dc0001aeefee6": "", "5a58feb63e1742001a15cf2e": "", "5a58feb63e1742001a15cf2f": "William Smith", "5a58feb63e1742001a15cf30": "", "5a58feb63e1742001a15cf31": "organisms exist at the same time period throughout the world,", "5a58feb63e1742001a15cf32": "", "57266c015951b619008f7237": "beginning of the 20th century,", "57266c015951b619008f7238": "stratigraphic", "57266c015951b619008f7239": "new absolute ages.", "57266c015951b619008f723a": "one another.", "57266c015951b619008f723b": "fossil sequences in which there was datable material,", "5a57f487770dc0001aeefefc": "", "5a57f487770dc0001aeefefd": "", "5a57f487770dc0001aeefefe": "", "5a57f487770dc0001aeefeff": "", "5a57f487770dc0001aeeff00": "", "5a59002d3e1742001a15cf38": "", "5a59002d3e1742001a15cf39": "", "5a59002d3e1742001a15cf3a": "", "5a59002d3e1742001a15cf3b": "", "5a59002d3e1742001a15cf3c": "", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8c": "Thermochemical techniques", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8d": "closure temperature,", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8e": "radiometric isotopes", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8f": "Dating of lava and volcanic ash layers", "5a57f717770dc0001aeeff06": "", "5a57f717770dc0001aeeff07": "", "5a57f717770dc0001aeeff08": "", "5a57f717770dc0001aeeff09": "", "5a57f717770dc0001aeeff0a": "", "5a5904ed3e1742001a15cf42": "", "5a5904ed3e1742001a15cf43": "", "5a5904ed3e1742001a15cf44": "", "5a5904ed3e1742001a15cf45": "", "5a5904ed3e1742001a15cf46": "", "5726701add62a815002e84c8": "horizontal compression,", "5726701add62a815002e84c9": "shallow crust,", "5726701add62a815002e84ca": "\"antiforms\",", "5726701add62a815002e84cb": "\"synforms\".", "5726701add62a815002e84cc": "anticlines and synclines,", "5a57fb62770dc0001aeeff10": "", "5a57fb62770dc0001aeeff11": "", "5a57fb62770dc0001aeeff12": "", "5a57fb62770dc0001aeeff13": "", "5a57fb62770dc0001aeeff14": "thrust faults", "5a5909b13e1742001a15cf4c": "", "5a5909b13e1742001a15cf4d": "", "5a5909b13e1742001a15cf4e": "", "5a5909b13e1742001a15cf4f": "", "5a5909b13e1742001a15cf50": "", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe4": "Extension", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe5": "boudins,", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe6": "Maria Fold and Thrust Belt", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe7": "metamorphosed.", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe8": "normal faulting", "5a57fe29770dc0001aeeff1a": "", "5a57fe29770dc0001aeeff1b": "", "5a57fe29770dc0001aeeff1c": "", "5a57fe29770dc0001aeeff1d": "", "5a57fe29770dc0001aeeff1e": "", "5a590de93e1742001a15cf56": "", "5a590de93e1742001a15cf57": "", "5a590de93e1742001a15cf58": "", "5a590de93e1742001a15cf59": "", "5a590de93e1742001a15cf5a": "", "572673f5708984140094c69b": "Dikes,", "572673f5708984140094c69c": "in areas that are being actively deformed.", "572673f5708984140094c69d": "topographic", "572673f5708984140094c69e": "Continual motion along the fault", "572673f5708984140094c69f": "Deformational events", "5a580070770dc0001aeeff36": "", "5a580070770dc0001aeeff37": "", "5a580070770dc0001aeeff38": "", "5a580070770dc0001aeeff39": "", "5a580070770dc0001aeeff3a": "", "5a590efb3e1742001a15cf60": "Faulting and other deformational processes result in the creation of topographic gradients,", "5a590efb3e1742001a15cf61": "material on the rock unit that is increasing in elevation to be eroded by hillslopes and channels.", "5a590efb3e1742001a15cf62": "", "5a590efb3e1742001a15cf63": "", "5a590efb3e1742001a15cf64": "", "57267640f1498d1400e8e074": "layered basaltic lava flows.", "57267640f1498d1400e8e075": "Acasta gneiss", "57267640f1498d1400e8e076": "sedimentary", "57267640f1498d1400e8e077": "Cambrian time.", "57267640f1498d1400e8e078": "northwestern Canada,", "5a580429770dc0001aeeff46": "", "5a580429770dc0001aeeff47": "", "5a580429770dc0001aeeff48": "", "5a580429770dc0001aeeff49": "", "5a580429770dc0001aeeff4a": "", "5a5915043e1742001a15cf6a": "", "5a5915043e1742001a15cf6b": "", "5a5915043e1742001a15cf6c": "", "5a5915043e1742001a15cf6d": "", "5a5915043e1742001a15cf6e": "", "572677e7708984140094c723": "(the study of rocks),", "572677e7708984140094c724": "(the study of sedimentary layers),", "572677e7708984140094c725": "(the study of positions of rock units and their deformation).", "572677e7708984140094c726": "", "5a5808ef770dc0001aeeff66": "", "5a5808ef770dc0001aeeff67": "", "5a5808ef770dc0001aeeff68": "", "5a5808ef770dc0001aeeff69": "", "5a5808ef770dc0001aeeff6a": "", "5a5915cd3e1742001a15cf74": "", "5a5915cd3e1742001a15cf75": "", "5a5915cd3e1742001a15cf76": "", "5a5915cd3e1742001a15cf77": "", "5a5915cd3e1742001a15cf78": "", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ec": "", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ed": "birefringence, pleochroism, twinning, and interference properties", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ee": "geochemical evolution of rock units.", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ef": "laboratory.", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0f0": "petrographic microscope,", "5a580ab1770dc0001aeeff78": "", "5a580ab1770dc0001aeeff79": "", "5a580ab1770dc0001aeeff7a": "", "5a580ab1770dc0001aeeff7b": "", "5a580ab1770dc0001aeeff7c": "", "5a5918ff3e1742001a15cf7e": "", "5a5918ff3e1742001a15cf7f": "", "5a5918ff3e1742001a15cf80": "", "5a5918ff3e1742001a15cf81": "", "5a5918ff3e1742001a15cf82": "", "57267b3c5951b619008f7423": "perform high temperature and pressure physical experiments", "57267b3c5951b619008f7424": "perform high temperature and pressure physical experiments", "57267b3c5951b619008f7425": "metamorphic", "5a580d05770dc0001aeeff96": "", "5a580d05770dc0001aeeff97": "", "5a580d05770dc0001aeeff98": "", "5a580d05770dc0001aeeff99": "", "5a580d05770dc0001aeeff9a": "", "5a591a5f3e1742001a15cf88": "", "5a591a5f3e1742001a15cf89": "", "5a591a5f3e1742001a15cf8a": "", "5a591a5f3e1742001a15cf8b": "", "57267d52708984140094c7d9": "Structural", "57267d52708984140094c7da": "microscopic analysis of oriented thin sections of geologic samples", "57267d52708984140094c7db": "plot and combine", "57267d52708984140094c7dc": "analog and numerical", "5a5810c4770dc0001aeeffb8": "", "5a5810c4770dc0001aeeffb9": "", "5a5810c4770dc0001aeeffba": "", "5a5810c4770dc0001aeeffbb": "", "5a5810c4770dc0001aeeffbc": "", "5a591f773e1742001a15cfa4": "strain within the crystalline structure of the rocks.", "5a591f773e1742001a15cfa5": "", "5a591f773e1742001a15cfa6": "", "5a591f773e1742001a15cfa7": "", "5a591f773e1742001a15cfa8": "", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872c": "orogenic wedges,", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872d": "those involving orogenic wedges,", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872e": "sand", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872f": "(all angles remain the same)", "57267ebfdd62a815002e8730": "Numerical models", "5a5812f9770dc0001aeeffd0": "", "5a5812f9770dc0001aeeffd1": "", "5a5812f9770dc0001aeeffd2": "", "5a5812f9770dc0001aeeffd3": "", "5a5812f9770dc0001aeeffd4": "", "5a5920963e1742001a15cfae": "", "5a5920963e1742001a15cfaf": "", "5a5920963e1742001a15cfb0": "", "5a5920963e1742001a15cfb1": "", "5a5920963e1742001a15cfb2": "", "57268066708984140094c821": "stratigraphers", "57268066708984140094c822": "geophysical", "57268066708984140094c823": "well logs", "57268066708984140094c824": "computer programs", "57268066708984140094c825": "water, coal, and hydrocarbon", "5a581597770dc0001aeeffe2": "", "5a581597770dc0001aeeffe3": "", "5a581597770dc0001aeeffe4": "", "5a581597770dc0001aeeffe5": "", "5a581597770dc0001aeeffe6": "", "5a5929d33e1742001a15cfc2": "", "5a5929d33e1742001a15cfc3": "", "5a5929d33e1742001a15cfc4": "", "5a5929d33e1742001a15cfc5": "", "5a5929d33e1742001a15cfc6": "locate areas for water, coal, and hydrocarbon extraction.", "57268220f1498d1400e8e216": "biostratigraphers", "57268220f1498d1400e8e217": "Geochronologists", "57268220f1498d1400e8e218": "to provide better absolute bounds on the timing and rates of deposition.", "57268220f1498d1400e8e219": "Magnetic stratigraphers", "5a5817e3770dc0001aeeffec": "", "5a5817e3770dc0001aeeffed": "", "5a5817e3770dc0001aeeffee": "", "5a5817e3770dc0001aeeffef": "", "5a5817e3770dc0001aeefff0": "", "5a592b593e1742001a15cfcc": "", "5a592b593e1742001a15cfcd": "", "5a592b593e1742001a15cfce": "magnetic reversals", "5a592b593e1742001a15cfcf": "", "5a592b593e1742001a15cfd0": "", "572683f95951b619008f7525": "Persia", "572683f95951b619008f7526": "Abu al-Rayhan al-Biruni", "572683f95951b619008f7527": "Shen Kuo", "572683f95951b619008f7528": "Ibn Sina", "572683f95951b619008f7529": "fossil animal shells", "5a581adb770dc0001aeefff6": "", "5a581adb770dc0001aeefff7": "", "5a581adb770dc0001aeefff8": "", "5a581adb770dc0001aeefff9": "", "5a581adb770dc0001aeefffa": "", "5a592c9d3e1742001a15cfd6": "", "5a592c9d3e1742001a15cfd7": "", "5a592c9d3e1742001a15cfd8": "", "5a592c9d3e1742001a15cfd9": "the earliest writings on the geology of India,", "5a592c9d3e1742001a15cfda": "", "57268527708984140094c8bf": "James Hutton", "57268527708984140094c8c0": "Theory of the Earth", "57268527708984140094c8c1": "1795", "57268527708984140094c8c2": "the Earth must be much older than had previously been supposed", "5a581bda770dc0001aef0000": "", "5a581bda770dc0001aef0001": "", "5a581bda770dc0001aef0002": "", "5a581bda770dc0001aef0003": "", "5a581bda770dc0001aef0004": "", "5a592d703e1742001a15cfea": "", "5a592d703e1742001a15cfeb": "", "5a592d703e1742001a15cfec": "", "5a592d703e1742001a15cfed": "James Hutton", "5a592d703e1742001a15cfee": "", "572686ac5951b619008f75a9": "William Maclure.", "572686ac5951b619008f75aa": "1809", "572686ac5951b619008f75ab": "1807,", "572686ac5951b619008f75ac": "American Philosophical Society", "572686ac5951b619008f75ad": "Observations on the Geology of the United States explanatory of a Geological Map,", "5a581e5d770dc0001aef000a": "", "5a581e5d770dc0001aef000b": "", "5a581e5d770dc0001aef000c": "", "5a581e5d770dc0001aef000d": "", "5a581e5d770dc0001aef000e": "", "5a592e733e1742001a15cff4": "", "5a592e733e1742001a15cff5": "50", "5a592e733e1742001a15cff6": "", "5a592e733e1742001a15cff7": "", "5a592e733e1742001a15cff8": "", "57268882f1498d1400e8e306": "Principles of Geology,", "57268882f1498d1400e8e307": "uniformitarianism.", "57268882f1498d1400e8e308": "uniformitarianism.", "57268882f1498d1400e8e309": "catastrophism", "57268882f1498d1400e8e30a": "Charles Darwin,", "5a582cfa770dc0001aef0014": "", "5a582cfa770dc0001aef0015": "", "5a582cfa770dc0001aef0016": "", "5a582cfa770dc0001aef0017": "", "5a582cfa770dc0001aef0018": "", "5a592f3f3e1742001a15cffe": "", "5a592f3f3e1742001a15cfff": "", "5a592f3f3e1742001a15d000": "", "5a592f3f3e1742001a15d001": "", "5a592f3f3e1742001a15d002": "", "5726d8bd708984140094d35b": "pharma", "5726d8bd708984140094d35c": "tobacco and patent medicines.", "5726d8bd708984140094d35d": "sorcery or even poison.", "5726d8bd708984140094d35e": "outdated", "5726d8bd708984140094d35f": "many other herbs not listed.", "5a6cb5c14eec6b001a80a624": "", "5a6cb5c14eec6b001a80a625": "", "5a6cb5c14eec6b001a80a626": "", "5a6cb5c14eec6b001a80a628": "", "5726d9935951b619008f7fed": "healthcare professionals", "5726d9935951b619008f7fee": "optimal", "5726d9935951b619008f7fef": "drug", "5726d9935951b619008f7ff0": "small-business proprietors,", "5726d9935951b619008f7ff1": "", "5a6cb66c4eec6b001a80a62e": "", "5a6cb66c4eec6b001a80a62f": "", "5a6cb66c4eec6b001a80a630": "", "5a6cb66c4eec6b001a80a631": "", "5a6cb66c4eec6b001a80a632": "", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b2": "other senior pharmacy technicians.", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b3": "General Pharmaceutical Council", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b4": "regulates the practice of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians.", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b5": "health care", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b6": "manage the pharmacy department and specialised areas in pharmacy practice", "5a6cb7ce4eec6b001a80a638": "a pharmacist", "5a6cb7ce4eec6b001a80a639": "", "5a6cb7ce4eec6b001a80a63a": "", "5a6cb7ce4eec6b001a80a63b": "", "5726db5add62a815002e92d4": "Diocles of Carystus", "5726db5add62a815002e92d5": "writing a five volume book", "5726db5add62a815002e92d6": "De Materia Medica", "5726db5add62a815002e92d7": "materia medica.", "5726db5add62a815002e92d8": "middle eastern scientists", "5a6cb89e4eec6b001a80a640": "", "5a6cb89e4eec6b001a80a641": "", "5a6cb89e4eec6b001a80a642": "", "5a6cb89e4eec6b001a80a643": "", "5a6cb89e4eec6b001a80a644": "", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9320": "highly respected.", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9321": "Taih\u014d Code (701) and re-stated in the Y\u014dr\u014d Code (718).", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9322": "", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9323": "superior to all others in health-related fields", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9324": "ranked above the two personal physicians of the Emperor.", "5a6cba504eec6b001a80a64a": "", "5a6cba504eec6b001a80a64b": "", "5a6cba504eec6b001a80a64c": "ranked above the two personal physicians", "5a6cba504eec6b001a80a64d": "", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee04": "botany and chemistry", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee05": "Muhammad ibn Zakar\u012bya R\u0101zi", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee06": "Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee07": "sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate,", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee08": "Al-Muwaffaq\u2019s", "5a6cbba74eec6b001a80a652": "", "5a6cbba74eec6b001a80a653": "", "5a6cbba74eec6b001a80a654": "Al-Muwaffaq\u2019s", "5a6cbba74eec6b001a80a655": "", "5a6cbba74eec6b001a80a656": "", "5726deed5951b619008f80c5": "", "5726deed5951b619008f80c6": "Church of Santa Maria Novella in Florence, Italy,", "5726deed5951b619008f80c7": "museum,", "5726deed5951b619008f80c8": "albarellos from the 16th and 17th centuries, old prescription books and antique drugs.", "5726deed5951b619008f80c9": "1221", "5a6cdddf4eec6b001a80a65c": "", "5a6cdddf4eec6b001a80a65d": "", "5a6cdddf4eec6b001a80a65e": "a museum,", "5a6cdddf4eec6b001a80a65f": "", "5726e08e5951b619008f810f": "pharmacy legislation;", "5726e08e5951b619008f8110": "", "5726e08e5951b619008f8111": "automation", "5726e08e5951b619008f8112": "patients' prescriptions and patient safety issues.", "5726e08e5951b619008f8113": "storage conditions, compulsory texts, equipment,", "5a6ce1054eec6b001a80a664": "", "5a6ce1054eec6b001a80a665": "", "5a6ce1054eec6b001a80a666": "", "5a6ce1054eec6b001a80a667": "", "5a6ce1054eec6b001a80a668": "", "5726e179dd62a815002e93ae": "a pharmacy practice residency", "5726e179dd62a815002e93af": "various disciplines of pharmacy.", "5726e179dd62a815002e93b0": "patient compliance issues", "5726e179dd62a815002e93b1": "practicing in hospitals", "5a6ce1ca4eec6b001a80a66e": "", "5a6ce1ca4eec6b001a80a66f": "", "5a6ce1ca4eec6b001a80a670": "", "5a6ce1ca4eec6b001a80a671": "", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb2": "within the premises of the hospital.", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb3": "unit-dose,", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb4": "high risk preparations and some other compounding", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb5": "high cost of medications", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb6": "Hospital pharmacies usually stock a larger range of medications, including more specialized medications, than would be feasible in the community setting.", "5a6ce2ec4eec6b001a80a676": "", "5a6ce2ec4eec6b001a80a677": "", "5a6ce2ec4eec6b001a80a678": "", "5a6ce2ec4eec6b001a80a679": "", "5a6ce2ec4eec6b001a80a67a": "", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9404": "direct patient care services that optimizes the use of medication and promotes health, wellness, and disease prevention.", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9405": "inside hospitals and clinics.", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9406": "physicians and other healthcare professionals", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9407": "patient care rounds drug product selection.", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9408": "in all health care settings,", "5a6ce4164eec6b001a80a680": "", "5a6ce4164eec6b001a80a681": "", "5a6ce4164eec6b001a80a682": "", "5a6ce4164eec6b001a80a683": "", "5726e5c95951b619008f81cb": "reviewing all prescribed medications prior to dispensing and administration to the patient.", "5726e5c95951b619008f81cc": "an evaluation of the appropriateness of the drug therapy", "5726e5c95951b619008f81cd": "drug choice, dose, route, frequency, and duration of therapy)", "5726e5c95951b619008f81ce": "potential drug interactions, adverse drug reactions, and assess patient drug allergies", "5a6ce4fa4eec6b001a80a688": "", "5a6ce4fa4eec6b001a80a689": "", "5a6ce4fa4eec6b001a80a68a": "", "5a6ce4fa4eec6b001a80a68b": "", "5726e985dd62a815002e94da": "full independent prescribing authority.", "5726e985dd62a815002e94db": "North Carolina and New Mexico", "5726e985dd62a815002e94dc": "2011", "5726e985dd62a815002e94dd": "Board Certified Ambulatory Care Pharmacist", "5726e985dd62a815002e94de": "the VA, the Indian Health Service, and NIH)", "5a6ce55e4eec6b001a80a690": "", "5a6ce55e4eec6b001a80a691": "", "5a6ce55e4eec6b001a80a692": "", "5a6ce55e4eec6b001a80a693": "", "5a6ce55e4eec6b001a80a694": "", "5726ea985951b619008f8261": "medication regimen review", "5726ea985951b619008f8262": "nursing homes,", "5726ea985951b619008f8263": "Omnicare, Kindred Healthcare and PharMerica).", "5726ea985951b619008f8264": "many elderly people are now taking numerous medications but continue to live outside of institutional settings.", "5726ea985951b619008f8265": "employ consultant pharmacists and/or provide consulting services.", "5a6ce6164eec6b001a80a69a": "", "5a6ce6164eec6b001a80a69b": "", "5a6ce6164eec6b001a80a69c": "", "5a6ce6164eec6b001a80a69d": "many elderly people are now taking numerous medications but continue to live outside of institutional settings.", "5a6ce6164eec6b001a80a69e": "", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826b": "2000,", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826c": "brick-and-mortar community pharmacies", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826d": "online pharmacies)", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826e": "if they are homebound.", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826f": "the method by which the medications are requested and received.", "5a6ce6b54eec6b001a80a6a4": "", "5a6ce6b54eec6b001a80a6a5": "", "5a6ce6b54eec6b001a80a6a6": "", "5a6ce6b54eec6b001a80a6a7": "", "5a6ce6b54eec6b001a80a6a8": "", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00c": "to avoid the \"inconvenience\" of visiting a doctor or to obtain medications which their doctors were unwilling to prescribe.", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00d": "those who feel that only doctors can reliably assess contraindications,", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00e": "potentially dangerous,", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00f": "without requiring a prescription.", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f010": "sell prescription drugs", "5a6ce7444eec6b001a80a6ae": "", "5a6ce7444eec6b001a80a6af": "", "5a6ce7444eec6b001a80a6b0": "a valid prescription,", "5a6ce7444eec6b001a80a6b1": "", "5726edecdd62a815002e957f": "it must be issued for a legitimate medical purpose by a licensed practitioner acting in the course of legitimate doctor-patient relationship.", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05e": "ease with which people, youth in particular, can obtain controlled substances", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05f": "it must be issued for a legitimate medical purpose by a licensed practitioner acting in the course of legitimate doctor-patient relationship.", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f060": "to ensure that the prescription is valid.", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f061": "individual state laws", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f062": "Vicodin,", "5a6ce8ea4eec6b001a80a6b6": "", "5a6ce8ea4eec6b001a80a6b7": "", "5a6ce8ea4eec6b001a80a6b8": "", "5a6ce8ea4eec6b001a80a6b9": "", "5a6ce8ea4eec6b001a80a6ba": "", "5726f0e35951b619008f82f7": "reduce consumer costs.", "5726f0e35951b619008f82f8": "Canada", "5726f0e35951b619008f82f9": "international drug suppliers,", "5726f0e35951b619008f82fa": "There is no known case of any U.S. citizens buying Canadian drugs for personal use with a prescription, who has ever been charged by authorities.", "5726f0e35951b619008f82fb": "legalize importation of medications from Canada and other countries,", "5a6ce9ab4eec6b001a80a6c0": "", "5a6ce9ab4eec6b001a80a6c1": "", "5a6ce9ab4eec6b001a80a6c2": "", "5a6ce9ab4eec6b001a80a6c3": "", "5726f2375951b619008f830f": "pharmacy practice science and applied information science.", "5726f2375951b619008f8310": "information technology departments or for healthcare information technology vendor companies.", "5726f2375951b619008f8311": "major national and international patient information projects and health system interoperability goals.", "5726f2375951b619008f8312": "medication management system development, deployment and optimization.", "5726f2375951b619008f8313": "quickly", "5a6ceb164eec6b001a80a6c8": "", "5a6ceb164eec6b001a80a6c9": "", "5a6ceb164eec6b001a80a6ca": "", "5a6ceb164eec6b001a80a6cb": "", "5726f36cdd62a815002e95fe": "specialty drugs.", "5726f36cdd62a815002e95ff": "19", "5726f36cdd62a815002e9600": "chronic and complex disease states such as cancer, hepatitis, and rheumatoid arthritis.", "5726f36cdd62a815002e9601": "high cost injectable, oral, infused, or inhaled", "5726f36cdd62a815002e9602": "lab monitoring, adherence counseling, and assist patients with cost-containment strategies", "5a6ceb7a4eec6b001a80a6d0": "", "5a6ceb7a4eec6b001a80a6d1": "", "5a6ceb7a4eec6b001a80a6d2": "", "5a6ceb7a4eec6b001a80a6d3": "", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0da": "separately from physicians.", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0db": "pharmacists", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dc": "American Medical Association", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dd": "7 to 10 percent", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0de": "form business partnerships with physicians or give them \"kickback\" payments.", "5a6cecdb4eec6b001a80a6d8": "", "5a6cecdb4eec6b001a80a6d9": "", "5a6cecdb4eec6b001a80a6db": "", "5726f635dd62a815002e9656": "some rural areas in the United Kingdom,", "5726f635dd62a815002e9657": "Austria", "5726f635dd62a815002e9658": "1.6 kilometres)", "5726f635dd62a815002e9659": "4 kilometers", "5a6ced7d4eec6b001a80a6e0": "", "5a6ced7d4eec6b001a80a6e1": "", "5a6ced7d4eec6b001a80a6e2": "", "5a6ced7d4eec6b001a80a6e3": "4 kilometers", "5726f7715951b619008f838d": "high risk of a conflict of interest and/or the avoidance of absolute powers.", "5726f7715951b619008f838e": "financial self-interest in \"diagnosing\" as many conditions as possible, and in exaggerating their seriousness, because he or she can then sell more medications to the patient.", "5726f7715951b619008f838f": "checks and balances system of the U.S. and many other governments.[citation", "5726f7715951b619008f8390": "obtaining cost-effective medication", "5726f7715951b619008f8391": "exaggerating their seriousness,", "5a6cee244eec6b001a80a6e8": "", "5a6cee244eec6b001a80a6e9": "", "5a6cee244eec6b001a80a6ea": "", "5a6cee244eec6b001a80a6eb": "", "5a6cee244eec6b001a80a6ec": "", "5726f868dd62a815002e9684": "more integral", "5726f868dd62a815002e9685": "patient care skills.", "5726f868dd62a815002e9686": "clinical services that pharmacists can provide for their patients.", "5726f868dd62a815002e9687": "thorough analysis of all medication (prescription, non-prescription, and herbals)", "5726f868dd62a815002e9688": "increased patient health outcomes", "5a6ceec84eec6b001a80a6f2": "", "5a6ceec84eec6b001a80a6f3": "", "5a6ceec84eec6b001a80a6f4": "", "5a6ceec84eec6b001a80a6f5": "", "5a6ceec84eec6b001a80a6f6": "", "5726f96ddd62a815002e9698": "Alberta and British Columbia)", "5726f96ddd62a815002e9699": "the Australian Government", "5726f96ddd62a815002e969a": "medicine use reviews.", "5726f96ddd62a815002e969b": "pharmaceutical care or clinical pharmacy", "5726f96ddd62a815002e969c": "Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm. D.)", "5a6cef5a4eec6b001a80a6fc": "", "5a6cef5a4eec6b001a80a6fd": "", "5a6cef5a4eec6b001a80a6fe": "", "5a6cef5a4eec6b001a80a6ff": "", "5a6cef5a4eec6b001a80a700": "", "5726fa525951b619008f83f7": "mortar and pestle and the \u211e (recipere) character,", "5726fa525951b619008f83f8": "The show globe", "5726fa525951b619008f83f9": "Netherlands,", "5726fa525951b619008f83fa": "Germany and Austria", "5726fa525951b619008f83fb": "France, Argentina, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Ireland, Italy, Spain, and India,", "5a6cefd64eec6b001a80a706": "", "5a6cefd64eec6b001a80a707": "", "5a6cefd64eec6b001a80a708": "", "5a6cefd64eec6b001a80a709": "", "5a6cefd64eec6b001a80a70a": "", "57271c235951b619008f860b": "Civil disobedience", "57271c235951b619008f860c": "fight against apartheid,", "57271c235951b619008f860d": "the Singing Revolution", "57271c235951b619008f860e": "in", "57271c235951b619008f860f": "Georgia", "5728d4c03acd2414000dff9f": "Egyptians", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa0": "British occupation", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa1": "unfair laws.", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa2": "unfair laws.", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa3": "the American Civil Rights Movement,", "5a66413dc2b11c001a425ec7": "", "5a66413dc2b11c001a425ec8": "", "5a66413dc2b11c001a425ec9": "", "5a66413dc2b11c001a425eca": "", "5a66413dc2b11c001a425ecb": "", "57271f125951b619008f8635": "Antigone,", "57271f125951b619008f8636": "Oedipus,", "57271f125951b619008f8637": "Creon,", "57271f125951b619008f8638": "Antigone,", "57271f125951b619008f8639": "giving her brother Polynices a proper burial.", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb3": "Antigone,", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb4": "Sophocles'", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb5": "Creon, the current King of Thebes,", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb6": "giving her brother Polynices a proper burial.", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb7": "She gives a stirring speech", "5a664314c2b11c001a425ed9": "", "5a664314c2b11c001a425eda": "", "5a664314c2b11c001a425edb": "", "5a664314c2b11c001a425edc": "", "5a664314c2b11c001a425edd": "", "5727213c708984140094da35": "", "5727213c708984140094da36": "nonviolent", "5727213c708984140094da37": "Henry David Thoreau", "5727213c708984140094da38": "Satyagraha", "5727213c708984140094da39": "a free India.", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f18": "", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f19": "", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1a": "", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1b": "Gandhi", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1c": "Satyagraha", "5a664447c2b11c001a425eeb": "", "5a664447c2b11c001a425eec": "", "5a664447c2b11c001a425eed": "", "5a664447c2b11c001a425eee": "", "5a664447c2b11c001a425eef": "", "572726c9708984140094da7b": "muggers, arsonists, draft evaders, campaign hecklers, campus militants, anti-war demonstrators, juvenile delinquents and political assassins.\"", "572726c9708984140094da7c": "become utterly debased.", "572726c9708984140094da7d": "become utterly debased.", "572726c9708984140094da7e": "Marshall Cohen", "5728d6f02ca10214002da90e": "become utterly debased.", "5728d6f02ca10214002da90f": "Marshall Cohen", "5728d6f02ca10214002da910": "become utterly debased.", "5728d6f02ca10214002da911": "Vice President Agnew", "5728d6f02ca10214002da912": "ambiguity", "5a664612c2b11c001a425f09": "", "5a664612c2b11c001a425f0a": "", "5a664612c2b11c001a425f0b": "", "5a664612c2b11c001a425f0c": "", "5a664612c2b11c001a425f0d": "", "572807802ca10214002d9bf8": "LeGrande", "572807802ca10214002d9bf9": "extremely difficult,", "572807802ca10214002d9bfa": "lawful protest demonstration, nonviolent civil disobedience, and violent civil disobedience.", "572807802ca10214002d9bfb": "semantical problems", "572807802ca10214002d9bfc": "no more (or no less) meaning than the individual orator intends it to have.\"", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4c": "LeGrande", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4d": "voluminous", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4e": "semantical problems and grammatical niceties.", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4f": "lawful protest demonstration,", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f50": "violent", "5a6647d2c2b11c001a425f1d": "", "5a6647d2c2b11c001a425f1e": "", "5a6647d2c2b11c001a425f1f": "", "5a6647d2c2b11c001a425f20": "", "5a6647d2c2b11c001a425f21": "", "57280f974b864d1900164370": "Civil disobedience", "57280f974b864d1900164371": "private citizen.", "57280f974b864d1900164372": "relation to the state and its laws,", "57280f974b864d1900164373": "", "57280f974b864d1900164374": "Civil disobedience", "5728d9403acd2414000e001b": "a citizen's relation to the state and its laws,", "5728d9403acd2414000e001c": "if the head of government of a country were to refuse to enforce a decision of that country's highest court,", "5728d9403acd2414000e001d": "", "5728d9403acd2414000e001e": "citizen's", "5728d9403acd2414000e001f": "", "5a665002846392001a1e1ab3": "two equally sovereign branches of government,", "5a665002846392001a1e1ab4": "", "5a665002846392001a1e1ab5": "", "5a665002846392001a1e1ab6": "", "5a665002846392001a1e1ab7": "", "572812e74b864d19001643ce": "Thoreau's", "572812e74b864d19001643cf": "imprisonment,", "572812e74b864d19001643d0": "not necessarily right.", "572812e74b864d19001643d1": "\u201cResign.\u201d", "572812e74b864d19001643d2": "", "5728dafe3acd2414000e005d": "The individual", "5728dafe3acd2414000e005e": "only individuals", "5728dafe3acd2414000e005f": "", "5728dafe3acd2414000e0060": "\u201cResign.\u201d", "5728dafe3acd2414000e0061": "it is not necessarily right.", "5a665142846392001a1e1abd": "", "5a665142846392001a1e1abe": "", "5a665142846392001a1e1abf": "", "5a665142846392001a1e1ac0": "", "5a665142846392001a1e1ac1": "", "5728151b4b864d1900164428": "", "5728151b4b864d1900164429": "non-governmental agencies", "5728151b4b864d190016442a": "non-governmental", "5728151b4b864d190016442b": "", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e007f": "only justified against governmental entities.", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0080": "Brownlee", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0081": "", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0083": "universities", "5a665338846392001a1e1ac7": "Brownlee", "5a665338846392001a1e1ac8": "", "5a665338846392001a1e1ac9": "", "5a665338846392001a1e1aca": "breaches of law in protest", "5a665338846392001a1e1acb": "", "572818f54b864d190016446c": "", "572818f54b864d190016446d": "covert lawbreaking.", "572818f54b864d190016446e": "", "572818f54b864d190016446f": "Book of Exodus,", "572818f54b864d1900164470": "Shiphrah and Puah", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d2": "publicly announced", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d3": "rules that conflict with morality,", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d4": "assisting in fabricating evidence or committing perjury", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d5": "", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d6": "Exodus,", "5a665549846392001a1e1ad5": "", "5a665549846392001a1e1ad6": "", "5a665549846392001a1e1ad7": "", "5a665549846392001a1e1ad8": "", "5a665549846392001a1e1ad9": "the dilemma faced by German citizens when Hitler's secret police demanded to know if they were hiding a Jew in their house.\"", "57281c594b864d19001644a2": "", "57281c594b864d19001644a3": "Black's Law Dictionary", "57281c594b864d19001644a4": "rebellion", "57281c594b864d19001644a5": "tolerance", "57281c594b864d19001644a6": "", "5728df634b864d1900164fe2": "", "5728df634b864d1900164fe3": "rebellion", "5728df634b864d1900164fe4": "", "5728df634b864d1900164fe6": "help preserve society's tolerance of civil disobedience.", "5a665747846392001a1e1ae9": "", "5a665747846392001a1e1aea": "", "5a665747846392001a1e1aeb": "", "5a665747846392001a1e1aec": "", "5a665747846392001a1e1aed": "", "5728202c4b864d19001644ec": "Revolutionary civil disobedience", "5728202c4b864d19001644ed": "Hungarians", "5728202c4b864d19001644ee": "Ferenc De\u00e1k", "5728202c4b864d19001644ef": "Gandhi's", "5728202c4b864d19001644f0": "", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00e9": "Non-revolutionary civil disobedience is a simple disobedience of laws on the grounds that they are judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience,", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ea": "they are judged \"wrong\" by an individual conscience, or as part of an effort to render certain laws ineffective,", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00eb": "", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ec": "", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ed": "Gandhi's", "5a665870846392001a1e1af3": "", "5a665870846392001a1e1af4": "", "5a665870846392001a1e1af5": "", "5a665870846392001a1e1af6": "", "5a665870846392001a1e1af7": "", "572822233acd2414000df555": "during the Roman Empire[citation", "572822233acd2414000df556": "Unarmed Jews gathered in the streets", "572822233acd2414000df557": "The tax collector who arrested him rose to higher political office,", "572822233acd2414000df558": "higher political office,", "572822233acd2414000df559": "after the end of the Mexican War.", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0131": "Roman Empire[citation", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0132": "prevent the installation of pagan images in the Temple in Jerusalem.[citation", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0133": "", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0134": "jail solidarity.[page needed]", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0135": "", "5a6659d3846392001a1e1b0d": "", "5a6659d3846392001a1e1b0e": "", "5a6659d3846392001a1e1b0f": "", "5a6659d3846392001a1e1b10": "", "5a6659d3846392001a1e1b11": "", "572825a92ca10214002d9efe": "illegal acts.", "572825a92ca10214002d9eff": "propaganda", "572825a92ca10214002d9f00": "Voice in the Wilderness,", "572825a92ca10214002d9f01": "738 days,", "572825a92ca10214002d9f02": "successfully preventing it from being cut down.", "5728e5224b864d1900165032": "harassment", "5728e5224b864d1900165033": "trespassing at a nuclear-missile installation)...Such", "5728e5224b864d1900165034": "a harassment", "5728e5224b864d1900165035": "social", "5728e5224b864d1900165036": "Julia Butterfly Hill", "5a665b56846392001a1e1b1d": "", "5a665b56846392001a1e1b1e": "", "5a665b56846392001a1e1b1f": "", "5a665b56846392001a1e1b20": "", "5a665b56846392001a1e1b21": "", "5728284e3acd2414000df5cd": "sending an email to the Lebanon, New Hampshire city councilors stating, \"Wise up or die.\"", "5728284e3acd2414000df5ce": "\"Wise up or die.\"", "5728284e3acd2414000df5cf": "forbidden speech.", "5728284e3acd2414000df5d0": "the 1978 Supreme Court case of FCC v. Pacifica Foundation.", "5728284e3acd2414000df5d1": "1978", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0171": "Threatening government officials", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0172": "broadcasting the track \"Filthy Words\" from a George Carlin comedy album,", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0173": "Threatening government officials", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0174": "Threatening government officials", "5a666b43846392001a1e1c0f": "", "5a666b43846392001a1e1c10": "", "5a666b43846392001a1e1c11": "", "5a666b43846392001a1e1c12": "", "5a666b43846392001a1e1c13": "Threatening government officials", "57282dfb4b864d1900164668": "a system to function.", "57282dfb4b864d1900164669": "by padlocking the gates", "57282dfb4b864d190016466a": "padlocking the gates and using sickles to deflate one of the large domes covering two satellite dishes.", "57282dfb4b864d190016466b": "coercion", "57282dfb4b864d190016466c": "coercive.", "5728e715ff5b5019007da914": "draft dodging,", "5728e715ff5b5019007da916": "make it more difficult for a system to function.", "5728e715ff5b5019007da917": "engage in moral dialogue,", "5728e715ff5b5019007da918": "boycotts,", "5a6681d1f038b7001ab0bf00": "", "5a6681d1f038b7001ab0bf01": "", "5a6681d1f038b7001ab0bf02": "", "5a6681d1f038b7001ab0bf03": "", "5a6681d1f038b7001ab0bf04": "", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6c": "", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6d": "arrest", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6e": "", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6f": "", "5728e8212ca10214002daa70": "", "5a6683d5f038b7001ab0bf1e": "", "5a6683d5f038b7001ab0bf1f": "", "5a6683d5f038b7001ab0bf20": "", "5a6683d5f038b7001ab0bf21": "", "5a6683d5f038b7001ab0bf22": "", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c5": "it is incumbent upon them to accept punishment because of their belief in the validity of the social contract,", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c6": "because of their belief in the validity of the social contract,", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c7": "", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c8": "anarchists,", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c9": "don't believe in the legitimacy of any government,", "5a668632f038b7001ab0bf44": "", "5a668632f038b7001ab0bf45": "", "5a668632f038b7001ab0bf46": "legitimacy of any government,", "5a668632f038b7001ab0bf47": "", "5a668632f038b7001ab0bf48": "", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01d9": "whether or not to plead guilty.", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01da": "to submit to the punishment prescribed by law,", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01db": "will increase the possibility of changing the unjust law.", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dc": "I feel I have done no wrong.", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dd": "", "5a66893ff038b7001ab0bf74": "civil disobedients", "5a66893ff038b7001ab0bf75": "compromise between the two. One defendant accused of illegally protesting nuclear power, when asked to enter his plea, stated, \"I plead for the beauty that surrounds us\"; this is known as a \"creative plea,\"", "5a66893ff038b7001ab0bf76": "", "5a66893ff038b7001ab0bf77": "will increase the possibility of changing the unjust law.", "5a66893ff038b7001ab0bf78": "not guilty", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650aa": "Camp Mercury nuclear test site", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ab": "protest", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ac": "The arrested persons were found \"guilty,\" nevertheless, and given suspended sentences,", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ad": "\"nolo contendere\",", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ae": "suspended", "5a668b33f038b7001ab0bf90": "", "5a668b33f038b7001ab0bf91": "", "5a668b33f038b7001ab0bf92": "", "5a668b33f038b7001ab0bf93": "", "5a668b33f038b7001ab0bf94": "", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97c": "", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97d": "", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97e": "the spirit of protest should be maintained all the way,", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97f": "", "5a668d4ef038b7001ab0bfc0": "", "5a668d4ef038b7001ab0bfc1": "", "5a668d4ef038b7001ab0bfc2": "the neo-conservative insistence on a guilty plea", "5a668d4ef038b7001ab0bfc3": "", "5a668d4ef038b7001ab0bfc4": "", "5728eef92ca10214002daab0": "a plea bargain", "5728eef92ca10214002daab1": "receive no jail time.", "5728eef92ca10214002daab2": "solidarity", "5728eef92ca10214002daab3": "blind plea,", "5728eef92ca10214002daab4": "Gandhi", "5a668ef8f038b7001ab0bfdc": "", "5a668ef8f038b7001ab0bfdd": "", "5a668ef8f038b7001ab0bfde": "", "5a668ef8f038b7001ab0bfdf": "", "5a668ef8f038b7001ab0bfe0": "", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e55": "", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e56": "", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e57": "", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e58": "", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e59": "", "5a66938ff038b7001ab0bff8": "", "5a66938ff038b7001ab0bff9": "", "5a66938ff038b7001ab0bffa": "", "5a66938ff038b7001ab0bffb": "", "5a66938ff038b7001ab0bffc": "", "5728facd4b864d1900165170": "to win an acquittal and avoid imprisonment or a fine,", "5728facd4b864d1900165171": "to use the proceedings as a forum to inform the jury and the public of the political circumstances surrounding the case and their reasons for breaking the law via civil disobedience.\"", "5728facd4b864d1900165172": "seek jury nullification.", "5728facd4b864d1900165173": "", "5728facd4b864d1900165174": "", "5a66978af038b7001ab0c028": "", "5a66978af038b7001ab0c029": "", "5a66978af038b7001ab0c02a": "", "5a66978af038b7001ab0c02b": "", "5a66978af038b7001ab0c02c": "", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef5": "", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef6": "", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef7": "encouraging general disobedience", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef8": "", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef9": "avoiding attribution,", "5a669ee5f038b7001ab0c068": "", "5a669ee5f038b7001ab0c069": "", "5a669ee5f038b7001ab0c06a": "", "5a669ee5f038b7001ab0c06b": "", "5a669ee5f038b7001ab0c06c": "", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f11": "\"Indirect civil disobedience", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f12": "direct civil disobedience", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f13": "Vietnam War,", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f14": "necessity defense", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f15": "\"prosecutors have reasoned (correctly) that if they arrest fully informed jury leafleters, the leaflets will have to be given to the leafleter's own jury as evidence.\"", "5a66a156f038b7001ab0c072": "", "5a66a156f038b7001ab0c073": "protesting the existence of a particular law by breaking that law.\"", "5a66a156f038b7001ab0c074": "Fully Informed Jury Association activists", "5a66a156f038b7001ab0c075": "", "5a66a156f038b7001ab0c076": "the leaflets will have to be given to the leafleter's own jury as evidence.\"", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2b": "achieving crime control", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2d": "", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2e": "", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2f": "", "5a66a55af038b7001ab0c07c": "", "5a66a55af038b7001ab0c07d": "", "5a66a55af038b7001ab0c07e": "", "5a66a55af038b7001ab0c07f": "", "5a66a55af038b7001ab0c080": "", "57273a465951b619008f86ff": "Construction", "57273a465951b619008f8700": "manufacturing in that manufacturing", "57273a465951b619008f8701": "six to nine percent", "57273a465951b619008f8702": "", "57273a465951b619008f8703": "a known client.", "5a234eef82b03a001a4aa76a": "", "5a234eef82b03a001a4aa76b": "", "5a234eef82b03a001a4aa76c": "", "5a234eef82b03a001a4aa76d": "planning,[citation needed] design, and financing", "5a25a709ef59cd001a623c0e": "", "5a25a709ef59cd001a623c0f": "", "5a25a709ef59cd001a623c10": "", "5a25a709ef59cd001a623c11": "", "5a25a709ef59cd001a623c12": "", "57273cca708984140094db33": "An architect", "57273cca708984140094db34": "construction manager, design engineer, construction engineer or project manager", "57273cca708984140094db35": "effective planning", "57273cca708984140094db36": "megaprojects.", "57273cca708984140094db37": "Those involved with the design and execution of the infrastructure in question", "5a2350d582b03a001a4aa773": "", "5a2350d582b03a001a4aa774": "", "5a2350d582b03a001a4aa775": "megaprojects.", "5a2350d582b03a001a4aa776": "", "5a25a8e9ef59cd001a623c20": "", "5a25a8e9ef59cd001a623c21": "", "5a25a8e9ef59cd001a623c22": "", "5a25a8e9ef59cd001a623c23": "", "5a25a8e9ef59cd001a623c24": "", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4fe": "buildings, infrastructure and industrial.", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4ff": "residential and non-residential (commercial/institutional).", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f500": "heavy/highway, heavy civil or heavy engineering.", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f501": "Infrastructure", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f502": "Industrial", "5a2352f782b03a001a4aa77b": "", "5a2352f782b03a001a4aa77c": "", "5a2352f782b03a001a4aa77d": "", "5a2352f782b03a001a4aa77e": "", "5a25ab1bef59cd001a623c32": "", "5a25ab1bef59cd001a623c33": "", "5a25ab1bef59cd001a623c34": "", "5a25ab1bef59cd001a623c35": "", "5a25ab1bef59cd001a623c36": "", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a02": "a trade magazine for the construction industry.", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a03": "Engineering News-Record", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a04": "2014,", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a05": "transportation, sewer, hazardous waste and water", "5a23548782b03a001a4aa783": "", "5a23548782b03a001a4aa784": "", "5a23548782b03a001a4aa785": "", "5a23548782b03a001a4aa786": "", "5a23548782b03a001a4aa787": "", "5a25ade0ef59cd001a623c44": "", "5a25ade0ef59cd001a623c45": "", "5a25ade0ef59cd001a623c46": "", "5a25ade0ef59cd001a623c47": "", "5a25ade0ef59cd001a623c48": "", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0a": "building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors.", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0b": "construction service firms", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0c": "The Standard Industrial Classification", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0d": "(firms engaged in managing construction projects without assuming direct financial responsibility for completion of the construction project).", "5a23565482b03a001a4aa78d": "", "5a23565482b03a001a4aa78e": "", "5a23565482b03a001a4aa78f": "", "5a23565482b03a001a4aa790": "", "5a25b230ef59cd001a623c4e": "", "5a25b230ef59cd001a623c4f": "", "5a25b230ef59cd001a623c50": "", "5a25b230ef59cd001a623c51": "", "5a25b230ef59cd001a623c52": "", "57274046dd62a815002e9a12": "Building construction", "57274046dd62a815002e9a13": "small renovations,", "57274046dd62a815002e9a14": "the owner of the property", "57274046dd62a815002e9a15": "structural collapse, cost overruns, and/or litigation.", "57274046dd62a815002e9a16": "make detailed plans and maintain careful oversight", "5a2358cc82b03a001a4aa795": "", "5a2358cc82b03a001a4aa796": "structural collapse, cost overruns, and/or litigation.", "5a2358cc82b03a001a4aa797": "", "5a2358cc82b03a001a4aa798": "", "5a25b668ef59cd001a623c76": "", "5a25b668ef59cd001a623c77": "", "5a25b668ef59cd001a623c78": "", "5a25b668ef59cd001a623c79": "", "5a25b668ef59cd001a623c7a": "", "572742bd5951b619008f8785": "local building authority regulations and codes of practice.", "572742bd5951b619008f8786": "Materials readily available in the area", "572742bd5951b619008f8787": "", "572742bd5951b619008f8788": "Cost of construction", "5a25bb0bef59cd001a623cb2": "", "5a25bb0bef59cd001a623cb3": "", "5a25bb0bef59cd001a623cb4": "", "5a25bb0bef59cd001a623cb5": "", "5a25bb0bef59cd001a623cb6": "", "572744aff1498d1400e8f588": "3D printing technology.", "572744aff1498d1400e8f589": "20 hours,", "572744aff1498d1400e8f58a": "2014.", "572744aff1498d1400e8f58b": "2 metres", "5a25bd5cef59cd001a623cc4": "", "5a25bd5cef59cd001a623cc5": "", "5a25bd5cef59cd001a623cc6": "", "5a25bd5cef59cd001a623cc7": "", "5a25bd5cef59cd001a623cc8": "", "572745c6708984140094db99": "designs into reality.", "572745c6708984140094db9a": "plan the physical proceedings, and to integrate those proceedings with the other parts.", "572745c6708984140094db9b": "(i.e. in contract with) the property owner.", "572745c6708984140094db9c": "a quantity surveyor.", "572745c6708984140094db9d": "the most cost efficient bidder.", "5a25c087ef59cd001a623cce": "", "5a25c087ef59cd001a623ccf": "design team", "5a25c087ef59cd001a623cd1": "", "5a25c087ef59cd001a623cd2": "", "57274e0d708984140094dbe5": "previously separated specialties,", "57274e0d708984140094dbe6": "entirely separate companies,", "57274e0d708984140094dbe7": "\"one-stop shopping\"", "57274e0d708984140094dbe8": "\"design build\"", "5a25c41def59cd001a623cd8": "", "5a25c41def59cd001a623cd9": "", "5a25c41def59cd001a623cda": "", "5a25c41def59cd001a623cdb": "", "5a25c41def59cd001a623cdc": "", "57274e975951b619008f87f9": "design-build, partnering and construction management.", "57274e975951b619008f87fa": "architects, interior designers, engineers and constructors", "57274e975951b619008f87fb": "establishing relationships with other necessary participants", "5a25d23bef59cd001a623ce2": "", "5a25d23bef59cd001a623ce3": "project structures", "5a25d23bef59cd001a623ce4": "", "5a25d23bef59cd001a623ce5": "", "5a25d23bef59cd001a623ce6": "", "57274f67708984140094dbf5": "preventable financial problems.", "57274f67708984140094dbf6": "builders ask for too little money to complete the project.", "57274f67708984140094dbf7": "when the present amount of funding cannot cover the current costs for labour and materials,", "57274f67708984140094dbf8": "", "5a25d529ef59cd001a623cec": "", "5a25d529ef59cd001a623ced": "", "5a25d529ef59cd001a623cee": "", "5a25d529ef59cd001a623cef": "", "5a25d529ef59cd001a623cf0": "", "5727502f708984140094dc07": "Mortgage bankers, accountants, and cost engineers", "5727502f708984140094dc08": "mortgage banker", "5727502f708984140094dc09": "Accountants", "5727502f708984140094dc0a": "Cost engineers and estimators", "5727502f708984140094dc0b": "identified change orders or project changes that increased costs,", "5a25d89aef59cd001a623cf6": "", "5a25d89aef59cd001a623cf7": "", "5a25d89aef59cd001a623cf8": "", "5a25d89aef59cd001a623cf9": "", "5a25d89aef59cd001a623cfa": "", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af0": "zoning and building code requirements.", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af1": "the owner.", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af2": "the desire to prevent things that are indisputably bad", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af3": "things that are a matter of custom or expectation,", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af4": "An attorney", "5a25e0a9ef59cd001a623d00": "", "5a25e0a9ef59cd001a623d01": "", "5a25e0a9ef59cd001a623d02": "", "5a25e0a9ef59cd001a623d03": "", "5a25e0a9ef59cd001a623d04": "", "572751b4708984140094dc1b": "A construction project", "572751b4708984140094dc1c": "A contract", "572751b4708984140094dc1d": "a delay costs money,", "572751b4708984140094dc1e": "each side is capable of performing the obligations set out.", "572751b4708984140094dc1f": "poorly drafted contracts", "5a25e4a2ef59cd001a623d0a": "", "5a25e4a2ef59cd001a623d0b": "", "5a25e4a2ef59cd001a623d0c": "", "5a25e4a2ef59cd001a623d0d": "", "5a25e4a2ef59cd001a623d0e": "", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0e": "relationship contracting", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0f": "Public-Private Partnering", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b10": "Public-Private Partnering", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b11": "co-operation", "5a25e8d5ef59cd001a623d14": "", "5a25e8d5ef59cd001a623d15": "", "5a25e8d5ef59cd001a623d16": "", "5a25e8d5ef59cd001a623d17": "", "5a25e8d5ef59cd001a623d18": "", "572753335951b619008f8853": "the architect or engineer", "572753335951b619008f8854": "", "572753335951b619008f8855": "the architect's client and the main contractor.", "572753335951b619008f8856": "the main contractor.", "572753335951b619008f8857": "the building is ready to occupy.", "5a25eae4c93d92001a40033d": "This is the most common method of construction procurement", "5a25eae4c93d92001a40033e": "", "5a25eae4c93d92001a40033f": "", "5a25eae4c93d92001a400340": "", "5a25eae4c93d92001a400341": "", "57275411dd62a815002e9b30": "The owner", "57275411dd62a815002e9b31": "Several D&B contractors", "57275411dd62a815002e9b32": "The owner", "57275411dd62a815002e9b33": "a consortium of several contractors", "57275411dd62a815002e9b34": "they design phase 2.", "5a25eed2c93d92001a400347": "", "5a25eed2c93d92001a400348": "a list of requirements", "5a25eed2c93d92001a400349": "", "5a25eed2c93d92001a40034a": "", "5a25eed2c93d92001a40034b": "", "572754fff1498d1400e8f660": "contractors", "572754fff1498d1400e8f661": "damage", "572754fff1498d1400e8f662": "electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable", "572754fff1498d1400e8f663": "municipal building inspector", "572754fff1498d1400e8f664": "occupancy permit", "5a25f133c93d92001a400351": "", "5a25f133c93d92001a400352": "", "5a25f133c93d92001a400353": "existing electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable facilities,", "5a25f133c93d92001a400354": "", "5a25f133c93d92001a400355": "", "572755b7708984140094dc4d": "$960 billion", "572755b7708984140094dc4e": "$680 billion", "572755b7708984140094dc4f": "667,000", "572755b7708984140094dc50": "fewer than 10", "572755b7708984140094dc51": "828,000", "5a25f38dc93d92001a40035b": "", "5a25f38dc93d92001a40035c": "", "5a25f38dc93d92001a40035d": "", "5a25f38dc93d92001a40035e": "", "5a25f38dc93d92001a40035f": "", "5727565ef1498d1400e8f674": "\u00a342,090,", "5727565ef1498d1400e8f675": "\u00a326,719", "5727565ef1498d1400e8f676": "US/Canada", "5a25f6a3c93d92001a400365": "\u00a342,090,", "5a25f6a3c93d92001a400366": "", "5a25f6a3c93d92001a400367": "", "5a25f6a3c93d92001a400368": "", "5a25f6a3c93d92001a400369": "", "572756fe708984140094dc71": "Construction", "572756fe708984140094dc72": "Falls", "572756fe708984140094dc73": "electrocution, transportation accidents, and trench cave-ins.", "572756fe708984140094dc74": "Proper safety equipment", "5a25fa34c93d92001a40036f": "", "5a25fa34c93d92001a400370": "", "5a25fa34c93d92001a400371": "Proper safety equipment", "5a25fa34c93d92001a400372": "", "5a25fa34c93d92001a400373": "", "572746addd62a815002e9a5e": "independent schools,", "572746addd62a815002e9a5f": "academic scholarship),", "572746addd62a815002e9a60": "public (government) funding;", "572746addd62a815002e9a61": "right to select their students", "5a6787d4f038b7001ab0c27a": "", "5a6787d4f038b7001ab0c27b": "", "5a6787d4f038b7001ab0c27c": "", "5a6787d4f038b7001ab0c27d": "", "5a6787d4f038b7001ab0c27e": "", "57274712708984140094dbad": "$45,000", "57274712708984140094dbae": "'tuition-free'", "57274712708984140094dbaf": "Australia", "57274712708984140094dbb0": "", "5a678908f038b7001ab0c296": "", "5a678908f038b7001ab0c297": "", "5a678908f038b7001ab0c298": "", "5a678908f038b7001ab0c299": "", "5a678908f038b7001ab0c29a": "", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59a": "lower sixth)", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59b": "(upper sixth).", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59c": "\"prep schools\",", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59d": "peer tuitions", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59e": "teachers", "5a678aa6f038b7001ab0c2a0": "", "5a678aa6f038b7001ab0c2a1": "", "5a678aa6f038b7001ab0c2a3": "", "5a678aa6f038b7001ab0c2a4": "", "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a4": "Roman Catholic", "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a5": "Orthodox Christians.", "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a6": "religious education,", "5a678dcef038b7001ab0c2ba": "private schools.", "5a678dcef038b7001ab0c2bc": "", "5a678dcef038b7001ab0c2bd": "", "5a678dcef038b7001ab0c2be": "", "5727490bdd62a815002e9a82": "power of expulsion,", "5727490bdd62a815002e9a83": "a compulsory blazer.", "5727490bdd62a815002e9a84": "more expensive", "5a678f35f038b7001ab0c2c4": "", "5a678f35f038b7001ab0c2c5": "", "5a678f35f038b7001ab0c2c6": "", "5a678f35f038b7001ab0c2c7": "", "5a678f35f038b7001ab0c2c8": "", "57274971708984140094dbbb": "Presbyterian Church,", "57274971708984140094dbbc": "Catholic", "57274971708984140094dbbd": "(Sydney)", "57274971708984140094dbbe": "girls.", "5a6790dbf038b7001ab0c2ce": "", "5a6790dbf038b7001ab0c2cf": "", "5a6790dbf038b7001ab0c2d0": "Campbelltown,", "5a6790dbf038b7001ab0c2d1": "Anglican Church, Uniting Church and Presbyterian Church,", "5a6790dbf038b7001ab0c2d2": "", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9a": "Article 7, Paragraph 4", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9b": "a second Gleichschaltung", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9c": "7.8%", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9d": "7.8%", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9e": "0.5% to 6.1%", "5a6792f1f038b7001ab0c2ea": "", "5a6792f1f038b7001ab0c2eb": "", "5a6792f1f038b7001ab0c2ec": "to protect these schools from a second Gleichschaltung or similar event in the future.", "5a6792f1f038b7001ab0c2ed": "", "5a6792f1f038b7001ab0c2ee": "", "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bc": "Sonderungsverbot).", "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bd": "Ersatzschulen", "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5be": "very low tuition fees", "5a67978ef038b7001ab0c306": "", "5a67978ef038b7001ab0c307": "", "5a67978ef038b7001ab0c308": "", "5a67978ef038b7001ab0c309": "", "5a67978ef038b7001ab0c30a": "", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d4": "Erg\u00e4nzungsschulen", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d5": "vocational schools.", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d6": "by charging their students tuition fees.", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d7": "religious", "5a67986af038b7001ab0c310": "", "5a67986af038b7001ab0c311": "", "5a67986af038b7001ab0c312": "", "5a67986af038b7001ab0c313": "", "5a67986af038b7001ab0c314": "", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e4": "independent schools,", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e5": "CBSE", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e6": "30", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e7": "union government", "5a6799adf038b7001ab0c31a": "", "5a6799adf038b7001ab0c31b": "", "5a6799adf038b7001ab0c31c": "", "5a6799adf038b7001ab0c31d": "", "5a6799adf038b7001ab0c31e": "", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa4": "societies", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa5": "", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa6": "Annual Status of Education Report", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa7": "evaluates learning levels in rural India,", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa8": "is", "5a679cc7f038b7001ab0c344": "", "5a679cc7f038b7001ab0c345": "", "5a679cc7f038b7001ab0c346": "", "5a679cc7f038b7001ab0c347": "poorer academic achievement in government schools than in private schools.", "5a679cc7f038b7001ab0c348": "", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aae": "scoil phr\u00edobh\u00e1ideach)", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aaf": "unusual", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab0": "\u20ac5,000", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab1": "Society of Jesus", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab2": "\u20ac25,000 per year.", "5a679db8f038b7001ab0c34e": "", "5a679db8f038b7001ab0c34f": "", "5a679db8f038b7001ab0c350": "relatively low", "5a679db8f038b7001ab0c351": "", "5a679db8f038b7001ab0c352": "", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f6": "1957,", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f7": "Chinese", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f8": "English-medium", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f9": "the National School system.", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5fa": "Over 60", "5a679f83f038b7001ab0c364": "", "5a679f83f038b7001ab0c365": "", "5a679f83f038b7001ab0c366": "", "5a679f83f038b7001ab0c367": "", "5a679f83f038b7001ab0c368": "the schools.", "57274e145951b619008f87e7": "'aided' schools.", "57274e145951b619008f87e8": "fully funded by private parties.", "57274e145951b619008f87e9": "Kathmandu.", "57274e145951b619008f87ea": "is", "57274e145951b619008f87eb": "Nepali", "5a67a1e3f038b7001ab0c388": "", "5a67a1e3f038b7001ab0c389": "", "5a67a1e3f038b7001ab0c38a": "", "5a67a1e3f038b7001ab0c38b": "", "5a67a1e3f038b7001ab0c38c": "", "57274eca5951b619008f87ff": "88", "57274eca5951b619008f8800": "28,000", "57274eca5951b619008f8801": "3.7%", "57274eca5951b619008f8802": "Catholic", "57274eca5951b619008f8803": "(A", "5a67a2c7f038b7001ab0c3a2": "", "5a67a2c7f038b7001ab0c3a3": "", "5a67a2c7f038b7001ab0c3a4": "", "5a67a2c7f038b7001ab0c3a5": "", "5a67a2c7f038b7001ab0c3a6": "", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61e": "Anglican,", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61f": "Wellington,", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f620": "Presbyterian,", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f621": "Christchurch.", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f622": "Society of St Pius X", "5a67a492f038b7001ab0c3c4": "", "5a67a492f038b7001ab0c3c5": "", "5a67a492f038b7001ab0c3c6": "", "5a67a492f038b7001ab0c3c7": "", "5a67a492f038b7001ab0c3c8": "", "5727500f708984140094dbfd": "7.5%", "5727500f708984140094dbfe": "32%", "5727500f708984140094dbff": "80%", "5727500f708984140094dc00": "August 1992.", "5727500f708984140094dc01": "natural science", "5a67a5d9f038b7001ab0c3dc": "", "5a67a5d9f038b7001ab0c3de": "Per unit costs", "5a67a5d9f038b7001ab0c3df": "", "5a67a5d9f038b7001ab0c3e0": "", "572750df5951b619008f882f": "Education Service Contracting scheme", "572750df5951b619008f8830": "The Tuition Fee Supplement", "572750df5951b619008f8831": "The Private Education Student Financial Assistance", "5a67a898f038b7001ab0c3f4": "", "5a67a898f038b7001ab0c3f5": "students enrolled in priority courses in post-secondary and non-degree programmes, including vocational and technical courses.", "5a67a898f038b7001ab0c3f6": "pursue college/technical education in private colleges and universities.", "5a67a898f038b7001ab0c3f7": "The Private Education Student Financial Assistance", "5a67a898f038b7001ab0c3f8": "", "5727515f708984140094dc11": "The South African Schools Act", "5727515f708984140094dc12": "1996", "5727515f708984140094dc13": "\"", "5727515f708984140094dc14": "traditional private schools", "5727515f708984140094dc15": "nineteenth century.", "5a67aa48f038b7001ab0c3fe": "", "5a67aa48f038b7001ab0c3ff": "", "5a67aa48f038b7001ab0c400": "", "5a67aa48f038b7001ab0c401": "", "5a67aa48f038b7001ab0c402": "", "57275409708984140094dc35": "government schools formerly reserved for white children..", "57275409708984140094dc36": "better", "57275409708984140094dc37": "much higher school fees than other public schools.", "5a67b759f038b7001ab0c43a": "", "5a67b759f038b7001ab0c43b": "", "5a67b759f038b7001ab0c43c": "", "5a67b759f038b7001ab0c43d": "better", "5a67b759f038b7001ab0c43e": "", "572754dd708984140094dc3b": "10%", "572754dd708984140094dc3c": "10,000", "572754dd708984140094dc3d": "700", "572754dd708984140094dc3e": "(\u201cThe Knowledge School\u201d),", "572754dd708984140094dc3f": "innovative school voucher", "5a67b94bf038b7001ab0c444": "", "5a67b94bf038b7001ab0c445": "", "5a67b94bf038b7001ab0c446": "", "5a67b94bf038b7001ab0c447": "", "5a67b94bf038b7001ab0c448": "", "572756265951b619008f886d": "13", "572756265951b619008f886e": "public schools.", "572756265951b619008f886f": "9 per cent", "572756265951b619008f8870": "13", "572756265951b619008f8871": "", "5a67d87ef038b7001ab0c48a": "", "5a67d87ef038b7001ab0c48b": "", "5a67d87ef038b7001ab0c48c": "", "5a67d87ef038b7001ab0c48d": "", "5a67d87ef038b7001ab0c48e": "", "572757bef1498d1400e8f690": "Brown v. Board of Education", "572757bef1498d1400e8f691": "\"segregation academies\"", "572757bef1498d1400e8f692": "South,", "572757bef1498d1400e8f693": "white", "572757bef1498d1400e8f694": "African-American", "5a67dae18476ee001a58a738": "", "5a67dae18476ee001a58a739": "", "5a67dae18476ee001a58a73a": "", "5a67dae18476ee001a58a73b": "", "5a67dae18476ee001a58a73c": "", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6ae": "endowments,", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6af": "First Amendment", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b0": "Blaine Amendments.", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b1": "charter", "5a67dedd8476ee001a58a74c": "", "5a67dedd8476ee001a58a74d": "", "5a67dedd8476ee001a58a74e": "", "5a67dedd8476ee001a58a74f": "", "5a67dedd8476ee001a58a750": "", "572759665951b619008f8883": "Massachusetts", "572759665951b619008f8884": "1852.", "572759665951b619008f8885": "(", "572759665951b619008f8886": "268 U.S. 510", "572759665951b619008f8887": "", "5a67e29c8476ee001a58a756": "", "5a67e29d8476ee001a58a757": "", "5a67e29d8476ee001a58a758": "", "5a67e29d8476ee001a58a759": "", "5a67e29d8476ee001a58a75a": "", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b94": "$40,000", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b95": "nearly $50,000", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b96": "Groton School", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b97": "fundraising drives.", "5a67e5278476ee001a58a760": "", "5a67e5278476ee001a58a761": "", "5a67e5278476ee001a58a762": "", "5a67e5278476ee001a58a763": "", "5a67e5278476ee001a58a764": "", "5727aa413acd2414000de921": "John Harvard", "5727aa413acd2414000de922": "1977", "5727aa413acd2414000de923": "James Bryant Conant", "5727aa413acd2414000de924": "Association of American Universities", "5727aa413acd2414000de925": "Charles W. Eliot's", "5a81ee4b31013a001a334f9d": "", "5a81ee4b31013a001a334f9e": "", "5a81ee4b31013a001a334f9f": "", "5a81ee4b31013a001a334fa0": "", "5a81ee4b31013a001a334fa1": "", "5727aeac3acd2414000de987": "Harvard Library,", "5727aeac3acd2414000de988": "79", "5727aeac3acd2414000de989": "18 million", "5727aeac3acd2414000de98a": "eight", "5727aeac3acd2414000de98b": "150", "5a81f28431013a001a334fb1": "", "5a81f28431013a001a334fb2": "", "5a81f28431013a001a334fb3": "", "5a81f28431013a001a334fb4": "", "5a81f28431013a001a334fb5": "", "5727aec03acd2414000de991": "Boston", "5727aec03acd2414000de992": "$37.6 billion", "5727aec03acd2414000de993": "Charles River", "5727aec03acd2414000de994": "eleven", "5727aec03acd2414000de995": "Harvard Yard", "5a81f0f031013a001a334fa7": "", "5a81f0f031013a001a334fa8": "", "5a81f0f031013a001a334fa9": "", "5a81f0f031013a001a334faa": "", "5a81f0f031013a001a334fab": "", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c2": "1636", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c3": "the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c4": "1638,", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c5": "1639,", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c6": "1650.", "5a81f84e31013a001a335007": "", "5a81f84e31013a001a335008": "", "5a81f84e31013a001a335009": "", "5a81f84e31013a001a33500a": "", "5a81f84e31013a001a33500b": "", "5727b0892ca10214002d93e8": "Puritan", "5727b0892ca10214002d93e9": "English university model\u2014\u200b\u200bmany", "5727b0892ca10214002d93ea": "never affiliated with any particular denomination,", "5a82001531013a001a3350a1": "", "5a82001531013a001a3350a2": "", "5a82001531013a001a3350a3": "\"to advance learning and perpetuate it to posterity,", "5a82001531013a001a3350a4": "", "5a82001531013a001a3350a5": "", "5727b8df3acd2414000dea99": "1804,", "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9a": "Samuel Webber", "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9b": "1805,", "5a82025a31013a001a3350b5": "", "5a82025a31013a001a3350b6": "", "5a82025a31013a001a3350b7": "", "5a82025a31013a001a3350b8": "", "5a82025a31013a001a3350b9": "", "5727c0402ca10214002d9564": "Louis Agassiz", "5727c0402ca10214002d9565": "intuition", "5727c0402ca10214002d9566": "", "5a8203d431013a001a3350bf": "", "5a8203d431013a001a3350c0": "", "5a8203d431013a001a3350c1": "", "5a8203d431013a001a3350c2": "", "5a8203d431013a001a3350c3": "", "5727c3b02ca10214002d95ba": "Charles W. Eliot,", "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bb": "Transcendentalist Unitarian", "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bc": "William Ellery Channing and Ralph Waldo Emerson,", "5a8205d131013a001a3350f7": "", "5a8205d131013a001a3350f8": "", "5a8205d131013a001a3350f9": "", "5a8205d131013a001a3350fa": "", "5a8205d131013a001a3350fb": "", "5727c55bff5b5019007d94ce": "James Bryant Conant", "5727c55bff5b5019007d94cf": "devised programs to identify, recruit, and support talented youth.", "5727c55bff5b5019007d94d0": "1945,", "5a82079731013a001a33511d": "", "5a82079731013a001a33511e": "", "5a82079731013a001a33511f": "", "5a82079731013a001a335120": "", "5a82079731013a001a335121": "", "5727c69d3acd2414000dec13": "about four men attending Harvard College for every woman studying at Radcliffe.", "5727c69d3acd2414000dec14": "1977,", "5727c69d3acd2414000dec15": "steadily increased,", "5a8209f831013a001a335131": "", "5a8209f831013a001a335132": "", "5a8209f831013a001a335133": "", "5a8209f831013a001a335134": "", "5a8209f831013a001a335135": "", "5727c8863acd2414000dec49": "3 miles (5 km)", "5727c8863acd2414000dec4a": "", "5727c8863acd2414000dec4b": "Charles River.", "5727c8863acd2414000dec4c": "half a mile", "5a820c4931013a001a335145": "", "5a820c4931013a001a335146": "", "5a820c4931013a001a335147": "", "5a820c4931013a001a335148": "", "5a820c4931013a001a335149": "", "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9576": "Allston.", "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9577": "John W. Weeks Bridge", "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9578": "Longwood Medical and Academic Area", "5a820ebf31013a001a33516b": "", "5a820ebf31013a001a33516c": "", "5a820ebf31013a001a33516d": "", "5a820ebf31013a001a33516e": "", "5a820ebf31013a001a33516f": "The Harvard Medical School,", "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d72": "fifty percent", "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d73": "new and enlarged bridges, a shuttle service and/or a tram.", "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d74": "enhanced transit infrastructure, possible shuttles open to the public, and park space which will also be publicly accessible.", "5a8221dc31013a001a33522f": "", "5a8221dc31013a001a335230": "", "5a8221dc31013a001a335231": "", "5a8221dc31013a001a335232": "", "5a8221dc31013a001a335233": "transit", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f0": "2,400", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f1": "7,200", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f2": "14,000", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f3": "", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f4": "", "5a82237d31013a001a335243": "", "5a82237d31013a001a335244": "", "5a82237d31013a001a335245": "", "5a82237d31013a001a335246": "", "5a82237d31013a001a335247": "", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c4": "$32 billion", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c5": "30%", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c6": "Allston Science Complex", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c7": "$4.093 million", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c8": "$159 million", "5a8224ea31013a001a33524d": "", "5a8224ea31013a001a33524e": "", "5a8224ea31013a001a33524f": "", "5a8224ea31013a001a335250": "", "5a8224ea31013a001a335251": "", "5727d0f73acd2414000ded13": "late 1980s,", "5727d0f73acd2414000ded14": "Duke Kent-Brown.", "5727d0f73acd2414000ded15": "$230 million", "5a8225de31013a001a335261": "", "5a8225de31013a001a335262": "", "5a8225de31013a001a335263": "", "5a8225de31013a001a335264": "", "5a8225de31013a001a335265": "", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded3f": "5.3%", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded40": "2007", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded41": "the program was believed to disadvantage low-income and under-represented minority applicants applying to selective universities,", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded42": "2016", "5a82294a31013a001a335271": "", "5a82294a31013a001a335272": "", "5a82294a31013a001a335273": "", "5a82294a31013a001a335274": "", "5a82294a31013a001a335275": "", "5727d3843acd2414000ded69": "seven", "5727d3843acd2414000ded6a": "eight", "5727d3843acd2414000ded6b": "reliance on teaching fellows", "5a822bc531013a001a335281": "", "5a822bc531013a001a335282": "", "5a822bc531013a001a335283": "", "5a822bc531013a001a335284": "", "5a822bc531013a001a335285": "", "5727d4922ca10214002d977c": "semester calendar beginning in early September and ending in mid-May.", "5727d4922ca10214002d977d": "four-course rate average", "5727d4922ca10214002d977e": "summa cum laude,", "5727d4922ca10214002d977f": "60%", "5a822dc931013a001a335295": "", "5a822dc931013a001a335296": "", "5a822dc931013a001a335297": "", "5a822dc931013a001a335298": "", "5a822dc931013a001a335299": "", "5727d6154b864d1900163e34": "$38,000,", "5727d6154b864d1900163e35": "$57,000.", "5727d6154b864d1900163e36": "", "5727d6154b864d1900163e37": "$414 million", "5727d6154b864d1900163e38": "88%", "5a82325231013a001a3352b9": "", "5a82325231013a001a3352ba": "", "5a82325231013a001a3352bb": "", "5a82325231013a001a3352bc": "", "5a82325231013a001a3352bd": "", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969a": "Widener Library", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969b": "18 million", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969c": "Cabot Science Library, Lamont Library, and Widener Library", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969d": "Pusey Library", "5a8235a931013a001a3352d7": "", "5a8235a931013a001a3352d8": "", "5a8235a931013a001a3352d9": "", "5a8235a931013a001a3352da": "", "5a8235a931013a001a3352db": "", "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5e": "three", "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5f": "Western art from the Middle Ages to the present", "5727d88b4b864d1900163e60": "Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology,", "5a82370631013a001a3352e1": "", "5a82370631013a001a3352e2": "", "5a82370631013a001a3352e3": "", "5a82370631013a001a3352e4": "", "5a82370631013a001a3352e5": "", "5727d9c43acd2414000dee17": "2003,", "5727d9c43acd2414000dee18": "2011,", "5727d9c43acd2414000dee19": "second most commonly named \"dream college\", both for students and parents in 2013,", "5a8238f531013a001a3352f5": "2003,", "5a8238f531013a001a3352f6": "", "5a8238f531013a001a3352f7": "", "5a8238f531013a001a3352f8": "", "5a8238f531013a001a3352f9": "", "5727da564b864d1900163e8e": "42", "5727da564b864d1900163e8f": "Yale University", "5727da564b864d1900163e90": "every two years", "5a823a7731013a001a335309": "", "5a823a7731013a001a33530a": "", "5a823a7731013a001a33530b": "", "5a823a7731013a001a33530c": "", "5a823a7731013a001a33530d": "", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fc": "1875", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fd": "1903,", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fe": "1906", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96ff": "Yale", "5a823e6f31013a001a33532d": "", "5a823e6f31013a001a33532e": "", "5a823e6f31013a001a33532f": "", "5a823e6f31013a001a335330": "", "5a823e6f31013a001a335331": "", "5727dc473acd2414000dee43": "Lavietes Pavilion,", "5727dc473acd2414000dee44": "Malkin Athletic Center,", "5727dc473acd2414000dee45": "three weight rooms,", "5a8241e631013a001a335361": "", "5a8241e631013a001a335362": "", "5a8241e631013a001a335363": "five-story", "5a8241e631013a001a335364": "", "5a8241e631013a001a335365": "Olympic-size", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163eba": "23", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebb": "Thames River", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebc": "Cornell),", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebd": "2003.", "5a82432131013a001a33536b": "", "5a82432131013a001a33536c": "", "5a82432131013a001a33536d": "", "5a82432131013a001a33536e": "", "5a82432131013a001a33536f": "", "5727de862ca10214002d9860": "", "5727de862ca10214002d9861": "", "5727de862ca10214002d9862": "Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Figueres;", "5727de862ca10214002d9863": "", "5a82458131013a001a335387": "", "5a82458131013a001a335388": "", "5a82458131013a001a335389": "", "5a82458131013a001a33538a": "", "5a82458131013a001a33538b": "Greek", "5727e0474b864d1900163f08": "", "5727e0474b864d1900163f09": "Leonard Bernstein;", "5727e0474b864d1900163f0a": "Yo Yo Ma;", "5727e0474b864d1900163f0b": "W. E. B. Du Bois;", "5a8251c231013a001a3353ef": "", "5a8251c231013a001a3353f0": "", "5a8251c231013a001a3353f1": "Ryan Fitzpatrick;", "5a8251c231013a001a3353f2": "", "5a8251c231013a001a3353f3": "Darren Aronofsky,", "5727e21e4b864d1900163f34": "Shing-Tung Yau,", "5727e21e4b864d1900163f35": "Alan Dershowitz and Lawrence Lessig.", "5727e21e4b864d1900163f36": "Stephen Greenblatt,", "5a8257efe60761001a2eb1cf": "", "5a8257efe60761001a2eb1d0": "", "5a8257efe60761001a2eb1d1": "", "5a8257efe60761001a2eb1d2": "", "5a8257efe60761001a2eb1d3": "", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954a": "Jacksonville", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954b": "1,345,596", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954c": "12th", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954d": "Duval County,", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954e": "1968.", "5a1c539bb4fb5d00187145fa": "", "5a1c539bb4fb5d00187145fb": "", "5a1c539bb4fb5d00187145fc": "", "5a1c539bb4fb5d00187145fd": "", "5a1c539bb4fb5d00187145fe": "Jacksonville", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9676": "St. Johns River,", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9677": "340 miles", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9678": "Fort Caroline,", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9679": "Timucua", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d967a": "Andrew Jackson,", "5a1c55b4b4fb5d0018714605": "", "5a1c55b4b4fb5d0018714606": "", "5a1c55b4b4fb5d0018714607": "", "5a1c55b4b4fb5d0018714608": "", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958e": "third largest", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958f": "golf.", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9590": "two", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9591": "\"Jacksonvillians\" or \"Jaxsons\"", "5a1c60f0b4fb5d001871460e": "", "5a1c60f0b4fb5d001871460f": "", "5a1c60f0b4fb5d0018714610": "", "5a1c60f0b4fb5d0018714611": "Port of Jacksonville,", "5a1c60f0b4fb5d0018714612": "", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bec": "thousands of years.", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bed": "University of North Florida team", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bee": "", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bef": "the historical era,", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bf0": "Ossachite", "5a1c6968b4fb5d0018714618": "", "5a1c6968b4fb5d0018714619": "", "5a1c6968b4fb5d001871461a": "", "5a1c6968b4fb5d001871461b": "", "5a1c6968b4fb5d001871461c": "", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c26": "Jean Ribault", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c27": "France.", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c28": "Pedro Men\u00e9ndez de Avil\u00e9s", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c29": "San Mateo,", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c2a": "Fort Caroline", "5a1c6d30b4fb5d0018714622": "", "5a1c6d30b4fb5d0018714623": "", "5a1c6d30b4fb5d0018714624": "", "5a1c6d30b4fb5d0018714625": "", "5a1c6d30b4fb5d0018714626": "1964.", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d06": "the French and Indian War,", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d07": "constructed the King's Road", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d08": "cattle were brought across the river there.", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d09": "Britain", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d0a": "February 9, 1832.", "5a1c8092b4fb5d001871462d": "", "5a1c8092b4fb5d001871462e": "", "5a1c8092b4fb5d0018714630": "", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c76": "Confederate", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c77": "Skirmish of the Brick Church", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c78": "Battle of Olustee", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c79": "Warfare and the long occupation", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c7a": "1864", "5a1c836ab4fb5d0018714636": "", "5a1c836ab4fb5d0018714637": "", "5a1c836ab4fb5d0018714638": "Battle of Olustee", "5a1c836ab4fb5d0018714639": "", "5a1c836ab4fb5d001871463a": "", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbc": "Reconstruction and the Gilded Age,", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbd": "Grover Cleveland", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbe": "yellow fever outbreaks.", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbf": "extension of the Florida East Coast Railway", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cc0": "railroad.", "5a1c850fb4fb5d001871464a": "", "5a1c850fb4fb5d001871464b": "President Grover Cleveland", "5a1c850fb4fb5d001871464c": "", "5a1c850fb4fb5d001871464d": "", "5a1c850fb4fb5d001871464e": "Florida East Coast Railway", "5728170d3acd2414000df443": "Spanish moss", "5728170d3acd2414000df444": "2,000", "5728170d3acd2414000df445": "declare martial law", "5728170d3acd2414000df446": "\"Great Fire of 1901\",", "5a1c861fb4fb5d0018714654": "", "5a1c861fb4fb5d0018714655": "", "5a1c861fb4fb5d0018714656": "", "5a1c861fb4fb5d0018714657": "", "5a1c861fb4fb5d0018714658": "Henry John Klutho", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d44": "New York\u2013based filmmakers", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d45": "silent film", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d46": "\"Winter Film Capital of the World\".", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d47": "emergence of Hollywood", "5a1c8753b4fb5d0018714668": "", "5a1c8753b4fb5d0018714669": "", "5a1c8753b4fb5d001871466a": "", "5a1c8753b4fb5d001871466b": "Norman Studios,", "57281ab63acd2414000df493": "", "57281ab63acd2414000df494": "55.1%", "57281ab63acd2414000df495": "\"white flight\"", "57281ab63acd2414000df496": "Mayor W. Haydon Burns'", "57281ab63acd2414000df497": "World War II.", "5a1c883cb4fb5d0018714670": "", "5a1c883cb4fb5d0018714671": "highways", "5a1c883cb4fb5d0018714672": "", "5a1c883cb4fb5d0018714673": "", "5a1c883cb4fb5d0018714674": "\"white flight\"", "57281bb84b864d190016449a": "Much of the city's tax base dissipated,", "57281bb84b864d190016449b": "unincorporated suburbs", "57281bb84b864d190016449c": "annexing outlying communities", "57281bb84b864d190016449d": "Voters outside the city limits", "5a1c88d2b4fb5d001871467a": "", "5a1c88d2b4fb5d001871467b": "unincorporated suburbs", "5a1c88d2b4fb5d001871467c": "", "5a1c88d2b4fb5d001871467d": "", "57281d494b864d19001644be": "old boy network.", "57281d494b864d19001644bf": "11", "57281d494b864d19001644c0": "Jacksonville Consolidation,", "57281d494b864d19001644c1": "1964 all 15 of Duval County's public high schools lost their accreditation.", "5a1c8971b4fb5d0018714682": "", "5a1c8971b4fb5d0018714683": "11", "5a1c8971b4fb5d0018714684": "", "5a1c8971b4fb5d0018714685": "", "5a1c8971b4fb5d0018714686": "", "57281edd3acd2414000df4eb": "voters approved the plan.", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ec": "Hans Tanzler", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ed": "\"Bold New City of the South\"", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ee": "The Better Jacksonville Plan,", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ef": "half-penny sales tax.", "5a1c8a1eb4fb5d0018714696": "", "5a1c8a1eb4fb5d0018714697": "", "5a1c8a1eb4fb5d0018714698": "", "5a1c8a1eb4fb5d0018714699": "\"Bold New City of the South\"", "572820512ca10214002d9e72": "874.3 square miles", "572820512ca10214002d9e73": "St. Johns River", "572820512ca10214002d9e74": "Trout River,", "572820512ca10214002d9e75": "13.34%", "572820512ca10214002d9e76": "Baldwin.", "5a1c8aedb4fb5d00187146a0": "", "5a1c8aedb4fb5d00187146a1": "Trout River,", "5a1c8aedb4fb5d00187146a2": "", "5a1c8aedb4fb5d00187146a3": "", "5a1c8aedb4fb5d00187146a4": "Baldwin.", "572821274b864d1900164510": "tallest building in Downtown Jacksonville's skyline", "572821274b864d1900164511": "Barnett Center.", "572821274b864d1900164512": "617 ft", "572821274b864d1900164513": "28", "572821274b864d1900164514": "flared base", "5a1c8bb4b4fb5d00187146aa": "", "5a1c8bb4b4fb5d00187146ac": "", "5a1c8bb4b4fb5d00187146ad": "Wells Fargo Center", "5a1c8bb4b4fb5d00187146ae": "42", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc4": "humid subtropical climate", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc5": "May through September,", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc6": "mild", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc7": "low latitude", "5a1c8c34b4fb5d00187146b4": "", "5a1c8c34b4fb5d00187146b5": "mild", "5a1c8c34b4fb5d00187146b6": "", "5a1c8c34b4fb5d00187146b7": "low latitude and coastal location,", "57282358ff5b5019007d9dde": "104 \u00b0F", "57282358ff5b5019007d9ddf": "thunderstorms", "57282358ff5b5019007d9de0": "extremely high humidity.", "57282358ff5b5019007d9de1": "July.", "5a1c8d0bb4fb5d00187146bc": "104 \u00b0F", "5a1c8d0bb4fb5d00187146bd": "", "5a1c8d0bb4fb5d00187146be": "", "5a1c8d0bb4fb5d00187146bf": "", "572824f13acd2414000df58f": "Hurricane Dora", "572824f13acd2414000df590": "110 mph (180 km/h),", "572824f13acd2414000df591": "Beryl,", "572824f13acd2414000df592": "Saffir-Simpson Scale.", "572824f13acd2414000df593": "2008's", "5a1c8e0bb4fb5d00187146c4": "", "5a1c8e0bb4fb5d00187146c5": "", "5a1c8e0bb4fb5d00187146c6": "", "5a1c8e0bb4fb5d00187146c7": "Jacksonville Beach pier", "5a1c8e0bb4fb5d00187146c8": "", "572826634b864d19001645be": "Arab", "572826634b864d19001645bf": "821,784", "572826634b864d19001645c0": "largest", "572826634b864d19001645c1": "Filipino", "5a1c8ea7b4fb5d00187146ce": "", "5a1c8ea7b4fb5d00187146cf": "", "5a1c8ea7b4fb5d00187146d0": "", "5a1c8ea7b4fb5d00187146d1": "", "5a1c8ea7b4fb5d00187146d2": "", "572827fc3acd2414000df5bb": "7.9%", "572827fc3acd2414000df5bc": "23.9%", "572827fc3acd2414000df5bd": "females", "572827fc3acd2414000df5be": "91.3", "5a1c8f54b4fb5d00187146d8": "2010[update],", "5a1c8f54b4fb5d00187146d9": "10.9%", "5a1c8f54b4fb5d00187146da": "91.3", "5a1c8f54b4fb5d00187146db": "", "5a1c8f54b4fb5d00187146dc": "43.8%", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ee": "40%", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ef": "3.5 billion", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f0": "$759,900.", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f1": "methodology used:", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f2": "", "5729d36b1d04691400779607": "40%", "5729d36b1d04691400779608": "financial assets", "5729d36b1d04691400779609": "$41 trillion", "5729d36b1d0469140077960a": "more than half", "5729d36b1d0469140077960b": "a greater tendency to take on debts).[unreliable", "5ad242e5d7d075001a4289a4": "", "5ad242e5d7d075001a4289a5": "", "5ad242e5d7d075001a4289a6": "", "5ad242e5d7d075001a4289a7": "", "5ad242e5d7d075001a4289a8": "", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc0": "400", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc1": "the New York Times", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc2": "Inherited wealth", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc3": "", "5729d44b1d04691400779611": "wealth", "5729d44b1d04691400779612": "the \"richest 1 percent", "5729d44b1d04691400779613": "Inherited wealth", "5729d44b1d04691400779614": "\"over 60 percent\"", "5729d44b1d04691400779615": "Institute for Policy Studies,", "5ad2434fd7d075001a4289d6": "400", "5ad2434fd7d075001a4289d7": "the New York Times", "5ad2434fd7d075001a4289d8": "Inherited wealth", "5ad2434fd7d075001a4289d9": "", "5ad2434fd7d075001a4289da": "", "5727e9523acd2414000def95": "", "5727e9523acd2414000def96": "differences in value added by labor, capital and land.", "5727e9523acd2414000def97": "", "5727e9523acd2414000def98": "productivity gap", "5727e9523acd2414000def99": "differences in value added by different classifications of workers.", "5729d51d3f37b3190047858f": "differences in value added by labor, capital and land.", "5729d51d3f37b31900478590": "different classifications of workers.", "5729d51d3f37b31900478591": "wages and profits", "5729d51d3f37b31900478592": "(worker, capitalist/business owner, landlord).", "5729d51d3f37b31900478593": "productivity gap between highly-paid professions and lower-paid professions.", "5ad243a7d7d075001a428a06": "", "5ad243a7d7d075001a428a07": "", "5ad243a7d7d075001a428a08": "", "5ad243a7d7d075001a428a09": "", "5ad243a7d7d075001a428a0a": "", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986e": "", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986f": "", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9870": "increasing unemployment", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9871": "", "5729d609af94a219006aa661": "labor inputs", "5729d609af94a219006aa662": "to reduce costs and maximize profits.", "5729d609af94a219006aa663": "increasingly substitute capital equipment for labor inputs", "5729d609af94a219006aa664": "productivity", "5729d609af94a219006aa665": "stagnant wages", "5ad2442bd7d075001a428a3c": "", "5ad2442bd7d075001a428a3d": "", "5ad2442bd7d075001a428a3e": "", "5ad2442bd7d075001a428a3f": "relatively stagnant wages for the working class", "5ad2442bd7d075001a428a40": "", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b6": "", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b7": "law of supply and demand,", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b8": "Their competitors will take advantage of the situation by offering a higher wage the best of their labor.", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b9": "offering a higher wage", "5727ec062ca10214002d99ba": "unfair.\"", "5729d878af94a219006aa66b": "the market.", "5729d878af94a219006aa66c": "prices", "5729d878af94a219006aa66d": "wages", "5729d878af94a219006aa66e": "markets", "5729d878af94a219006aa66f": "high levels of inequality,", "5ad2461ad7d075001a428ad2": "", "5ad2461ad7d075001a428ad3": "", "5ad2461ad7d075001a428ad4": "", "5ad2461ad7d075001a428ad5": "", "5ad2461ad7d075001a428ad6": "", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df001": "A job where there are few able or willing workers (low supply), but a large need for the positions (high demand), will result in high wages for that job. This is because competition between employers for employees will drive up the wage. Examples of this would include jobs that require highly developed skills, rare abilities, or a high level of risk. Competition amongst employers", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df002": "(low demand", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df003": "high wages", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df004": "collective bargaining, political influence, or corruption.", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df005": "", "5729da0faf94a219006aa675": "low wage", "5729da0faf94a219006aa676": "competition between workers", "5729da0faf94a219006aa677": "the expendable nature of the worker in relation to his or her particular job.", "5729da0faf94a219006aa678": "high wages", "5729da0faf94a219006aa679": "employers", "5ad2467ad7d075001a428af6": "", "5ad2467ad7d075001a428af7": "(high supply)", "5ad2467ad7d075001a428af8": "", "5ad2467ad7d075001a428af9": "", "5ad2467ad7d075001a428afa": "", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ec": "entrepreneurship rates", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ed": "Necessity-based entrepreneurship", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ee": "(\"push\"", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ef": "", "5727ee372ca10214002d99f0": "opportunity-based entrepreneurship", "5729de24af94a219006aa689": "higher economic inequality", "5729de24af94a219006aa68a": "higher economic inequality", "5729de24af94a219006aa68b": "Necessity-based", "5729de24af94a219006aa68c": "achievement-oriented motivations (\"pull\")", "5729de24af94a219006aa68d": "positive", "5ad2472bd7d075001a428b22": "", "5ad2472bd7d075001a428b23": "", "5ad2472bd7d075001a428b24": "", "5ad2472bd7d075001a428b25": "", "5ad2472bd7d075001a428b26": "", "5727ef664b864d1900164060": "A progressive tax", "5727ef664b864d1900164061": "top tax rate", "5727ef664b864d1900164062": "", "5727ef664b864d1900164063": "progressive tax system,", "5729e02f1d04691400779639": "tax rate", "5729e02f1d0469140077963a": "the level of the top tax rate", "5729e02f1d0469140077963b": "steeper tax progressivity applied to social spending", "5729e02f1d0469140077963c": "", "5ad247b0d7d075001a428b42": "", "5ad247b0d7d075001a428b43": "", "5ad247b0d7d075001a428b44": "", "5ad247b0d7d075001a428b45": "", "5ad247b0d7d075001a428b46": "", "5727f05b4b864d1900164068": "Education,", "5727f05b4b864d1900164069": "", "5727f05b4b864d190016406a": "", "5727f05b4b864d190016406b": "the poor.", "5727f05b4b864d190016406c": "", "5729e1101d04691400779641": "variation in individuals' access to education.", "5729e1101d04691400779642": "high wages", "5729e1101d04691400779643": "lower", "5729e1101d04691400779644": "lower incomes,", "5729e1101d04691400779645": "education", "5ad24840d7d075001a428b5c": "", "5ad24840d7d075001a428b5d": "", "5ad24840d7d075001a428b5e": "high wages", "5ad24840d7d075001a428b5f": "", "5ad24840d7d075001a428b60": "", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05b": "increasing access to education.", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05c": "$105 billion", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05d": "boom-and-bust cycles.", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05e": "economists with the Standard & Poor's rating agency", "5729e1e36aef0514001550ba": "2014,", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bb": "", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bc": "increasing access to education.", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bd": "$105 billion", "5729e1e36aef0514001550be": "boom-and-bust cycles.", "5ad248e0d7d075001a428b82": "", "5ad248e0d7d075001a428b83": "$105 billion", "5ad248e0d7d075001a428b84": "", "5ad248e0d7d075001a428b85": "", "5ad248e0d7d075001a428b86": "", "5727f2714b864d1900164072": "1910\u20131940,", "5727f2714b864d1900164073": "an increase in skilled workers,", "5727f2714b864d1900164074": "decrease in the price of skilled labor.", "5727f2714b864d1900164075": "", "5727f2714b864d1900164076": "decrease in wages", "5729e2b76aef0514001550ce": "1910\u20131940,", "5729e2b76aef0514001550cf": "decrease in the price of skilled labor.", "5729e2b76aef0514001550d0": "High school education during the period was designed to equip students with necessary skill sets to be able to perform at work.", "5729e2b76aef0514001550d1": "Education", "5729e2b76aef0514001550d2": "gender inequality in education,", "5ad24b96d7d075001a428bee": "", "5ad24b96d7d075001a428bef": "", "5ad24b96d7d075001a428bf0": "", "5ad24b96d7d075001a428bf1": "", "5ad24b96d7d075001a428bf2": "", "5727f6723acd2414000df0e7": "union membership", "5727f6723acd2414000df0e8": "", "5727f6723acd2414000df0e9": "", "5727f6723acd2414000df0ea": "little", "5729e38daf94a219006aa69d": "economic inequality.", "5729e38daf94a219006aa69e": "social exclusion,", "5729e38daf94a219006aa69f": "the CEPR", "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a0": "little", "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a1": "lower", "5ad24e50d7d075001a428c3a": "union membership", "5ad24e50d7d075001a428c3b": "European", "5ad24e50d7d075001a428c3c": "", "5ad24e50d7d075001a428c3d": "", "5ad24e50d7d075001a428c3e": "", "5727f7523acd2414000df10d": "Scandinavia,", "5727f7523acd2414000df10e": "high inequality", "5727f7523acd2414000df10f": "decline of organized labor", "5727f7523acd2414000df110": "decline of organized labor", "5729e4291d04691400779651": "Sociologist", "5729e4291d04691400779652": "University of Washington", "5729e4291d04691400779653": "decline of organized labor", "5729e4291d04691400779654": "", "5729e4291d04691400779655": "weak labor movements", "5ad24efad7d075001a428c74": "Scandinavia,", "5ad24efad7d075001a428c75": "", "5ad24efad7d075001a428c76": "", "5ad24efad7d075001a428c77": "", "5ad24efad7d075001a428c78": "", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a18": "reduced wages", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a19": "low-skilled workers in the rich countries may see reduced wages as a result of the competition, while low-skilled workers in the poor countries may see increased wages.", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1a": "technological innovation,", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1b": "", "5729f1283f37b319004785d7": "a", "5729f1283f37b319004785d8": "low-skilled workers", "5729f1283f37b319004785d9": "trade liberalisation", "5729f1283f37b319004785da": "minor", "5729f1283f37b319004785db": "machine labor", "5ad24fb7d7d075001a428c92": "increased wages.", "5ad24fb7d7d075001a428c93": "technological innovation,", "5ad24fb7d7d075001a428c94": "", "5ad24fb7d7d075001a428c95": "", "5727fd123acd2414000df185": "53%", "5727fd123acd2414000df186": "-40%", "5727fd123acd2414000df187": "", "5727fd123acd2414000df188": "", "5729f1c13f37b319004785e7": "Gender", "5729f1c13f37b319004785e8": "males", "5729f1c13f37b319004785e9": "women", "5729f1c13f37b319004785ea": "Thomas Sowell,", "5729f1c13f37b319004785eb": "difference", "5ad258f3d7d075001a428de4": "", "5ad258f3d7d075001a428de5": "", "5ad258f3d7d075001a428de6": "", "5ad258f3d7d075001a428de7": "", "5ad258f3d7d075001a428de8": "", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ab": "social welfare programs,", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ac": "equal distributions of wealth.", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ad": "it acquires more capital,", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ae": "social welfare programs,", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6dd": "Economist", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6de": "levels of economic inequality", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6df": "more capital,", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e0": "more wealth and income", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e1": "more developed countries move back to lower levels of inequality.", "5ad2594ed7d075001a428df8": "", "5ad2594ed7d075001a428df9": "lower", "5ad2594ed7d075001a428dfa": "", "5ad2594ed7d075001a428dfb": "it acquires more capital,", "5ad2594ed7d075001a428dfc": "", "57287b322ca10214002da3be": "1910 to 1940", "57287b322ca10214002da3bf": "after the 1970s.", "57287b322ca10214002da3c0": "service", "57287b322ca10214002da3c1": "", "5729f3883f37b319004785f1": "Kuznets", "5729f3883f37b319004785f2": "the Kuznets curve.", "5729f3883f37b319004785f3": "very weak.", "5729f3883f37b319004785f4": "will eventually decrease", "5729f3883f37b319004785f5": "", "5ad259fdd7d075001a428e26": "", "5ad259fdd7d075001a428e27": "1910 to 1940", "5ad259fdd7d075001a428e28": "", "5ad259fdd7d075001a428e29": "service", "5ad259fdd7d075001a428e2a": "", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26c": "Wealth concentration", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26d": "those who already hold wealth have the means to invest in new sources of creating wealth", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26e": "larger fortunes", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26f": "", "5729f4273f37b319004785fb": "in the possession of already-wealthy individuals or entities.", "5729f4273f37b319004785fc": "those who already hold wealth", "5729f4273f37b319004785fd": "wealth condensation", "5729f4273f37b319004785fe": "Thomas Piketty", "5729f4273f37b319004785ff": "higher returns", "5ad25a8bd7d075001a428e30": "", "5ad25a8bd7d075001a428e31": "", "5ad25a8bd7d075001a428e32": "", "5ad25a8bd7d075001a428e33": "", "5ad25a8bd7d075001a428e34": "", "5729f4e46aef051400155156": "Economist", "5729f4e46aef051400155157": "market", "5729f4e46aef051400155158": "rare and desired", "5729f4e46aef051400155159": "political power", "5729f4e46aef05140015515a": "rent-seeking,", "5ad25af2d7d075001a428e52": "", "5ad25af2d7d075001a428e53": "", "5ad25af2d7d075001a428e54": "", "5ad25af2d7d075001a428e55": "", "5ad25af2d7d075001a428e56": "", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6ef": "inequality", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f0": "human capital is neglected", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f1": "life expectancy", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f2": "inequality", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f3": "(r = -.620).", "5ad25c56d7d075001a428e9a": "", "5ad25c56d7d075001a428e9b": "", "5ad25c56d7d075001a428e9c": "", "5ad25c56d7d075001a428e9d": "", "5ad25c56d7d075001a428e9e": "(r = -.620).", "572a05eb3f37b31900478653": "2013", "572a05eb3f37b31900478654": "rising inequality", "572a05eb3f37b31900478655": "a", "572a05eb3f37b31900478656": "", "572a05eb3f37b31900478657": "economic growth.", "5ad25cced7d075001a428ec6": "", "5ad25cced7d075001a428ec7": "", "5ad25cced7d075001a428ec8": "", "5ad25cced7d075001a428ec9": "", "5ad25cced7d075001a428eca": "", "572a06866aef0514001551be": "British", "572a06866aef0514001551bf": "higher rates of health and social problems (obesity, mental illness, homicides, teenage births, incarceration, child conflict, drug use),", "572a06866aef0514001551c0": "lower", "572a06866aef0514001551c1": "equality,", "572a06866aef0514001551c2": "23", "5ad25d39d7d075001a428ed8": "", "5ad25d39d7d075001a428ed9": "", "5ad25d39d7d075001a428eda": "", "5ad25d39d7d075001a428edb": "inequality.", "5ad25d39d7d075001a428edc": "", "572a070c6aef0514001551c8": "better health and longer lives.", "572a070c6aef0514001551c9": "poorer countries,", "572a070c6aef0514001551ca": "life expectancy", "572a070c6aef0514001551cb": "Americans", "572a070c6aef0514001551cc": "", "5ad25eead7d075001a428f4c": "", "5ad25eead7d075001a428f4d": "", "5ad25eead7d075001a428f4e": "", "5ad25eead7d075001a428f4f": "Americans", "5ad25eead7d075001a428f50": "", "572a07a86aef0514001551d2": "income inequality.", "572a07a86aef0514001551d3": "Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett", "572a07a86aef0514001551d4": "nine", "572a07a86aef0514001551d5": "countries with bigger income inequalities\",", "572a07a86aef0514001551d6": "greater equality", "5ad25f42d7d075001a428f72": "", "5ad25f42d7d075001a428f73": "", "5ad25f42d7d075001a428f74": "", "5ad25f42d7d075001a428f75": "", "5ad25f42d7d075001a428f76": "", "572a0a391d046914007796df": "inequality", "572a0a391d046914007796e0": "homicides", "572a0a391d046914007796e1": "fifty", "572a0a391d046914007796e2": "tenfold", "572a0a391d046914007796e3": "differences in the amount of inequality in each province or state.", "5ad25fcbd7d075001a428f8c": "", "5ad25fcbd7d075001a428f8d": "", "5ad25fcbd7d075001a428f8e": "", "5ad25fcbd7d075001a428f8f": "", "5ad25fcbd7d075001a428f90": "", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa765": "the greatest good", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa766": "", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa767": "a great deal of utility", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa768": "decreases", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa769": "higher aggregate utility.", "5ad260dbd7d075001a428fd8": "", "5ad260dbd7d075001a428fd9": "", "5ad260dbd7d075001a428fda": "luxury items", "5ad260dbd7d075001a428fdb": "", "5ad260dbd7d075001a428fdc": "", "572a0c541d046914007796f3": "consumption,", "572a0c541d046914007796f4": "libertarian", "572a0c541d046914007796f5": "2001", "572a0c541d046914007796f6": "Thomas B. Edsall.", "572a0c541d046914007796f7": "journalist", "5ad2616fd7d075001a429036": "", "5ad2616fd7d075001a429037": "", "5ad2616fd7d075001a429038": "", "5ad2616fd7d075001a429039": "", "5ad2616fd7d075001a42903a": "", "572a0d21af94a219006aa783": "Central Banking economist", "572a0d21af94a219006aa784": "\"systematic economic inequalities,", "572a0d21af94a219006aa785": "Financial crisis of 2007\u201308", "572a0d21af94a219006aa786": "easier credit", "572a0d21af94a219006aa787": "unsustainable monetary stimulation.", "5ad261cfd7d075001a429062": "", "5ad261cfd7d075001a429063": "", "5ad261cfd7d075001a429064": "", "5ad261cfd7d075001a429065": "", "5ad261cfd7d075001a429066": "", "572a0e0e1d04691400779707": "inequality", "572a0e0e1d04691400779708": "the quality of a country's institutions and high levels of education.", "572a0e0e1d04691400779709": "declines", "572a0e0e1d0469140077970a": "higher GDP growth.", "572a0e0e1d0469140077970b": "The poor and the middle class", "5ad2623dd7d075001a429092": "", "5ad2623dd7d075001a429093": "", "5ad2623dd7d075001a429094": "", "5ad2623dd7d075001a429095": "", "5ad2623dd7d075001a429096": "", "572a0ecb1d04691400779717": "economists", "572a0ecb1d04691400779718": "economic growth.", "572a0ecb1d04691400779719": "subsequent long-run economic growth.", "572a0ecb1d0469140077971a": "a waste of resources,", "572a0ecb1d0469140077971b": "inequality-associated effects", "5ad262aad7d075001a4290c0": "", "5ad262aad7d075001a4290c1": "", "5ad262aad7d075001a4290c2": "", "5ad262aad7d075001a4290c3": "", "5ad262aad7d075001a4290c4": "", "572a1046af94a219006aa78d": "evidence in 2009 that both global inequality and inequality within countries prevent growth by limiting aggregate demand.", "572a1046af94a219006aa78e": "limiting aggregate demand.", "572a1046af94a219006aa78f": "Economist", "572a1046af94a219006aa790": "increasing importance of human capital in development.", "572a1046af94a219006aa791": "widespread education", "5ad262ffd7d075001a4290e4": "", "5ad262ffd7d075001a4290e5": "", "5ad262ffd7d075001a4290e6": "", "5ad262ffd7d075001a4290e7": "", "572a11663f37b31900478693": "1993,", "572a11663f37b31900478694": "long lasting detrimental effect", "572a11663f37b31900478695": "the channels through which inequality may affect economic growth.", "572a11663f37b31900478696": "redistributive taxation,", "572a11663f37b31900478697": "politically and socially unstable,", "5ad26367d7d075001a4290fe": "1993,", "5ad26367d7d075001a4290ff": "", "5ad26367d7d075001a429100": "", "5ad26367d7d075001a429101": "", "5ad26367d7d075001a429102": "", "572a12381d0469140077972b": "Harvard", "572a12381d0469140077972c": "growth and investment\".", "572a12381d0469140077972d": "reduce growth", "572a12381d0469140077972e": "encourage growth", "572a12381d0469140077972f": "between 1960 and 2000", "5ad26420d7d075001a429134": "", "5ad26420d7d075001a429135": "", "5ad26420d7d075001a429136": "encourage growth", "5ad26420d7d075001a429137": "", "5ad26420d7d075001a429138": "", "572a13841d0469140077973b": "the Kuznets curve hypothesis,", "572a13841d0469140077973c": "first increases,", "572a13841d0469140077973d": "Thomas Piketty", "572a13841d0469140077973e": "Economist", "572a13841d0469140077973f": "wars and \"violent economic and political shocks\"", "5ad2647bd7d075001a429156": "", "5ad2647bd7d075001a429157": "", "5ad2647bd7d075001a429158": "", "5ad2647bd7d075001a429159": "", "5ad2647bd7d075001a42915a": "", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7df": "1970s", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e0": "reduced consumer demand.", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e1": "risen with increased income inequality.", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e2": "several years", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e3": "more equality in the income distribution.\"", "5ad264e2d7d075001a42917c": "", "5ad264e2d7d075001a42917d": "", "5ad264e2d7d075001a42917e": "", "5ad264e2d7d075001a42917f": "", "5ad264e2d7d075001a429180": "", "572a1a5c6aef051400155284": "special efforts", "572a1a5c6aef051400155285": "the existing level of inequality.", "572a1a5c6aef051400155286": "poverty reduction", "572a1a5c6aef051400155287": "the United Nations", "572a1a5c6aef051400155288": "reducing poverty.\"", "5ad2654fd7d075001a4291a8": "", "5ad2654fd7d075001a4291a9": "", "5ad2654fd7d075001a4291aa": "", "5ad2654fd7d075001a4291ab": "", "5ad2654fd7d075001a4291ac": "", "572a1ba46aef05140015528e": "land and housing", "572a1ba46aef05140015528f": "through various associations and other arrangements.", "572a1ba46aef051400155290": "extra-legal", "572a1ba46aef051400155291": "over 200 steps", "572a1ba46aef051400155292": "government land.", "5ad265d2d7d075001a4291c6": "", "5ad265d2d7d075001a4291c7": "", "5ad265d2d7d075001a4291c8": "", "5ad265d2d7d075001a4291c9": "", "5ad265d2d7d075001a4291ca": "", "572a1c943f37b319004786e1": "affordable housing", "572a1c943f37b319004786e2": "quality rental units", "572a1c943f37b319004786e3": "", "572a1c943f37b319004786e4": "gentrification of older neighbourhoods, for example, in East New York, rental prices increased rapidly as landlords found new residents willing to pay higher market rate for housing", "572a1c943f37b319004786e5": "ad valorem property tax policy", "5ad266efd7d075001a4291f4": "", "5ad266efd7d075001a4291f5": "", "5ad266efd7d075001a4291f6": "gentrification of older neighbourhoods,", "5ad266efd7d075001a4291f7": "", "5ad266efd7d075001a4291f8": "", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f5": "shared by everyone,", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f6": "finances.", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f7": "aspirational consumption", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f8": "taking on debt.", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f9": "economic instability.", "5ad2676ed7d075001a429210": "", "5ad2676ed7d075001a429211": "", "5ad2676ed7d075001a429212": "", "5ad2676ed7d075001a429213": "taking on debt.", "5ad2676ed7d075001a429214": "", "572a1f086aef0514001552c0": "", "572a1f086aef0514001552c1": "amount of environmental degradation", "572a1f086aef0514001552c2": "environmental degradation", "572a1f086aef0514001552c3": "population levels would start to drop to a sustainable level", "5ad267e2d7d075001a429246": "", "5ad267e2d7d075001a429247": "", "5ad267e2d7d075001a429248": "", "5ad267e2d7d075001a429249": "", "5ad267e2d7d075001a42924a": "population levels would start to drop to a sustainable level", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d0": "private ownership of the means of production by a class of owners,", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d1": "a small portion of the population lives off unearned property income", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d2": "wage or salary.", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d3": "socially owned", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d4": "reflective", "5ad2684bd7d075001a429262": "", "5ad2684bd7d075001a429263": "", "5ad2684bd7d075001a429264": "", "5ad2684bd7d075001a429265": "", "5ad2684bd7d075001a429266": "", "572a20816aef0514001552e4": "Robert Nozick", "572a20816aef0514001552e5": "taxation),", "572a20816aef0514001552e6": "force.", "572a20816aef0514001552e7": "forceful taking of property,", "572a20816aef0514001552e8": "when they improve society as a whole,", "5ad268b2d7d075001a429288": "", "5ad268b2d7d075001a429289": "", "5ad268b2d7d075001a42928a": "", "5ad268b2d7d075001a42928b": "", "5ad268b2d7d075001a42928c": "", "572a213e6aef0514001552ee": "\u201ccapability deprivation\u201d.", "572a213e6aef0514001552ef": "the end itself.", "572a213e6aef0514001552f0": "to \u201cwid[en] people\u2019s choices and the level of their achieved well-being\u201d", "572a213e6aef0514001552f1": "well-being\u201d through increasing functionings", "572a213e6aef0514001552f2": "(the ability to pursue valued goals).", "5ad2690ed7d075001a4292b0": "", "5ad2690ed7d075001a4292b1": "the end itself.", "5ad2690ed7d075001a4292b2": "", "5ad2690ed7d075001a4292b3": "", "5ad2690ed7d075001a4292b4": "", "572a2224af94a219006aa823": "they are in some way deprived of earning as much income as they would otherwise.", "572a2224af94a219006aa824": "", "572a2224af94a219006aa825": "gender roles and customs", "572a2224af94a219006aa826": "fear of their lives.", "572a2224af94a219006aa827": "a better relevant income.", "5ad26964d7d075001a4292cc": "", "5ad26964d7d075001a4292cd": "", "5ad26964d7d075001a4292ce": "", "5ad26964d7d075001a4292cf": "", "5ad26964d7d075001a4292d0": "a better relevant income.", "57283c464b864d19001647c8": "private research", "57283c464b864d19001647c9": "1890,", "57283c464b864d19001647ca": "seven", "57283c464b864d19001647cb": "four", "57283c464b864d19001647cc": "5,000", "5acf774877cf76001a684e96": "", "5acf774877cf76001a684e97": "", "5acf774877cf76001a684e98": "", "5acf774877cf76001a684e99": "", "5acf774877cf76001a684e9a": "", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbc": "various academic disciplines,", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbd": "Chicago's physics department", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbe": "beneath the university's Stagg Field.", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbf": "University of Chicago Press,", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fc0": "2020,", "5acf782877cf76001a684eb2": "", "5acf782877cf76001a684eb3": "", "5acf782877cf76001a684eb4": "", "5acf782877cf76001a684eb5": "", "5acf782877cf76001a684eb6": "", "57283f014b864d19001647e8": "American Baptist Education Society", "57283f014b864d19001647e9": "John D. Rockefeller,", "57283f014b864d19001647ea": "William Rainey Harper", "57283f014b864d19001647eb": "1891,", "57283f014b864d19001647ec": "1892.", "5acf7dcf77cf76001a684f7a": "", "5acf7dcf77cf76001a684f7b": "", "5acf7dcf77cf76001a684f7c": "", "5acf7dcf77cf76001a684f7d": "", "5acf7dcf77cf76001a684f7e": "", "57284142ff5b5019007da00a": "Marshall Field.", "57284142ff5b5019007da00b": "Silas B. Cobb", "57284142ff5b5019007da00c": "Cobb Lecture Hall,", "57284142ff5b5019007da00d": "", "57284142ff5b5019007da00e": "Charles L. Hutchinson", "5acf7ecb77cf76001a684fa2": "", "5acf7ecb77cf76001a684fa3": "", "5acf7ecb77cf76001a684fa4": "", "5acf7ecb77cf76001a684fa5": "", "5acf7ecb77cf76001a684fa6": "", "572843304b864d1900164848": "", "572843304b864d1900164849": "1896,", "572843304b864d190016484a": "made a grade of A for all four years,", "572843304b864d190016484b": "Several University of Chicago professors", "572843304b864d190016484c": "1910.", "5acf7fdf77cf76001a684fd4": "", "5acf7fdf77cf76001a684fd5": "Mount Carroll,", "5acf7fdf77cf76001a684fd6": "", "5acf7fdf77cf76001a684fd7": "", "57284456ff5b5019007da05c": "Robert Maynard Hutchins,", "57284456ff5b5019007da05d": "", "57284456ff5b5019007da05e": "24-year", "57284456ff5b5019007da05f": "to emphasize academics over athletics,", "57284456ff5b5019007da060": "Common Core,", "5acf808877cf76001a685004": "", "5acf808877cf76001a685005": "", "5acf808877cf76001a685006": "", "5acf808877cf76001a685007": "", "5acf808877cf76001a685008": "", "57284618ff5b5019007da0a8": "early 1950s,", "57284618ff5b5019007da0a9": "increasing crime and poverty in the Hyde Park neighborhood.", "57284618ff5b5019007da0aa": "after their second year,", "57284618ff5b5019007da0ab": "Hyde Park", "57284618ff5b5019007da0ac": "allowed very young students to attend college;", "5acf82c277cf76001a685064": "", "5acf82c277cf76001a685065": "", "5acf82c277cf76001a685066": "", "5acf82c277cf76001a685067": "", "5acf82c277cf76001a685068": "an early entrant program", "572847ff3acd2414000df869": "1962,", "572847ff3acd2414000df86a": "the university's off-campus rental policies.", "572847ff3acd2414000df86b": "1967", "572847ff3acd2414000df86c": "a", "572847ff3acd2414000df86d": "\"social and political action,\"", "5acf86ff77cf76001a6850f8": "", "5acf86ff77cf76001a6850f9": "", "5acf86ff77cf76001a6850fa": "", "5acf86ff77cf76001a6850fb": "", "5acf86ff77cf76001a6850fc": "", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f2": "mid-2000s,", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f3": "", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f4": "$200 million", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f5": "Chicago Theological Seminary.", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f6": "David G. Booth", "5acf879f77cf76001a68511c": "", "5acf879f77cf76001a68511d": "", "5acf879f77cf76001a68511e": "", "5acf879f77cf76001a68511f": "", "5acf879f77cf76001a685120": "", "57284b904b864d19001648e2": "Main Quadrangles,", "57284b904b864d19001648e3": "six", "57284b904b864d19001648e4": "Cobb, Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge, Holabird & Roche,", "57284b904b864d19001648e5": "Magdalen Tower,", "57284b904b864d19001648e6": "Christ Church Hall.)", "5acf8b1177cf76001a68518e": "", "5acf8b1177cf76001a68518f": "", "5acf8b1177cf76001a685190": "", "5acf8b1177cf76001a685191": "", "57284d484b864d1900164900": "1940s,", "57284d484b864d1900164901": "Eero Saarinen", "57284d484b864d1900164902": "School of Social Service Administration;,", "57284d484b864d1900164903": "Harris School of Public Policy Studies", "57284d484b864d1900164904": "(", "5acf8bbd77cf76001a6851b2": "1940s,", "5acf8bbd77cf76001a6851b3": "", "5acf8bbd77cf76001a6851b4": "", "5acf8bbd77cf76001a6851b5": "", "5acf8bbd77cf76001a6851b6": "", "57284e9fff5b5019007da150": "Singapore, London, and the downtown Streeterville neighborhood of Chicago.", "57284e9fff5b5019007da151": "Seine", "57284e9fff5b5019007da152": "2010,", "57284e9fff5b5019007da153": "Renmin University's", "57284e9fff5b5019007da154": "2015.", "5acf8c4b77cf76001a6851bc": "", "5acf8c4b77cf76001a6851bd": "", "5acf8c4b77cf76001a6851be": "", "5acf8c4b77cf76001a6851bf": "", "5acf8c4b77cf76001a6851c0": "", "5728501aff5b5019007da166": "a board of trustees.", "5728501aff5b5019007da167": "50", "5728501aff5b5019007da168": "fourteen", "5728501aff5b5019007da169": "Andrew Alper,", "5728501aff5b5019007da16a": "Daniel Diermeier.", "5acf8d4077cf76001a6851f6": "", "5acf8d4077cf76001a6851f7": "", "5acf8d4077cf76001a6851f8": "", "5acf8d4077cf76001a6851f9": "", "5acf8d4077cf76001a6851fa": "", "5728510f4b864d1900164936": "The Higher Learning Commission.", "5728510f4b864d1900164937": "four", "5728510f4b864d1900164938": "seven", "5acf900177cf76001a68527e": "four", "5acf900177cf76001a68527f": "", "5acf900177cf76001a685280": "", "5acf900177cf76001a685281": "", "5acf900177cf76001a685282": "", "57285213ff5b5019007da180": "50", "57285213ff5b5019007da181": "28", "57285213ff5b5019007da182": "five", "57285213ff5b5019007da183": "New Collegiate Division.", "5acf941b77cf76001a68532e": "", "5acf941b77cf76001a68532f": "28", "5acf941b77cf76001a685330": "", "5acf941b77cf76001a685331": "", "5acf941b77cf76001a685332": "", "572853e8ff5b5019007da188": "Common Core.", "572853e8ff5b5019007da189": "17", "572853e8ff5b5019007da18a": "intense", "572853e8ff5b5019007da18b": "Uni in the USA,", "5acf974277cf76001a6853a8": "", "5acf974277cf76001a6853a9": "", "5acf974277cf76001a6853aa": "", "5acf974277cf76001a6853ab": "15 courses and demonstrated proficiency in a foreign language", "5acf974277cf76001a6853ac": "", "572855973acd2414000df925": "University of Chicago Laboratory Schools", "572855973acd2414000df926": "Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School", "572855973acd2414000df927": "four", "572855973acd2414000df928": "four public charter schools", "572855973acd2414000df929": "University of Chicago campus.", "5acf98ad77cf76001a6853c6": "", "5acf98ad77cf76001a6853c7": "", "5acf98ad77cf76001a6853c8": "", "5acf98ad77cf76001a6853c9": "", "5acf98ad77cf76001a6853ca": "", "572856beff5b5019007da190": "six", "572856beff5b5019007da191": "9.8 million", "572856beff5b5019007da192": "Regenstein Library,", "572856beff5b5019007da193": "2011,", "572856beff5b5019007da194": "1.3 million", "5acf99b577cf76001a6853ee": "", "5acf99b577cf76001a6853ef": "", "5acf99b577cf76001a6853f0": "", "5acf99b577cf76001a6853f1": "", "57285841ff5b5019007da19a": "12", "57285841ff5b5019007da19b": "113", "57285841ff5b5019007da19c": "Oriental Institute\u2014a", "57285841ff5b5019007da19d": "Fermilab,", "57285841ff5b5019007da19e": "Sunspot, New Mexico.", "5acf9a5277cf76001a68541c": "12", "5acf9a5277cf76001a68541d": "113", "5acf9a5277cf76001a68541e": "", "5acf9a5277cf76001a68541f": "", "5acf9a5277cf76001a685420": "", "57286010ff5b5019007da1ca": "shaping ideas about the free market", "57286010ff5b5019007da1cb": "Chicago Pile-1", "57286010ff5b5019007da1cc": "Miller\u2013Urey experiment,", "57286010ff5b5019007da1cd": "1953", "5acf9b1177cf76001a685440": "", "5acf9b1177cf76001a685441": "", "5acf9b1177cf76001a685442": "", "5acf9b1177cf76001a685443": "", "5acf9b1177cf76001a685444": "", "572861cc4b864d190016495e": "1933", "572861cc4b864d190016495f": "2000,", "572861cc4b864d1900164960": "2000,", "572861cc4b864d1900164961": "(", "572861cc4b864d1900164962": "Several thousand", "5acf9bcf77cf76001a68547a": "", "5acf9bcf77cf76001a68547b": "", "5acf9bcf77cf76001a68547c": "", "5acf9bcf77cf76001a68547d": "", "5acf9bcf77cf76001a68547e": "", "572863363acd2414000df985": "5,792", "572863363acd2414000df986": "3,468", "572863363acd2414000df987": "5,984", "572863363acd2414000df988": "15,244", "572863363acd2414000df989": "international students", "5acf9d3477cf76001a685512": "", "5acf9d3477cf76001a685513": "", "5acf9d3477cf76001a685514": "", "5acf9d3477cf76001a685515": "", "5acf9d3477cf76001a685516": "", "572864542ca10214002da2de": "University Athletic Association", "572864542ca10214002da2df": "Division III", "572864542ca10214002da2e0": "Big Ten Conference", "572864542ca10214002da2e1": "Jay Berwanger", "572864542ca10214002da2e2": "University President Robert Maynard Hutchins de-emphasized varsity athletics in 1939", "5acf9dfb77cf76001a685556": "", "5acf9dfb77cf76001a685557": "", "5acf9dfb77cf76001a685558": "", "5acf9dfb77cf76001a685559": "", "5acf9dfb77cf76001a68555a": "", "5728659f4b864d190016498a": "over 400", "5728659f4b864d190016498b": "Recognized Student Organizations", "5728659f4b864d190016498c": "University of Chicago College Bowl Team,", "5728659f4b864d190016498d": "Doc Films,", "5728659f4b864d190016498e": "Off-Off Campus,", "5acf9e9377cf76001a685582": "", "5acf9e9377cf76001a685583": "", "5acf9e9377cf76001a685584": "", "5acf9e9377cf76001a685585": "", "5acf9e9377cf76001a685586": "", "5728667eff5b5019007da1fc": "graduate and undergraduate students", "5728667eff5b5019007da1fd": "President with the assistance of two Vice Presidents,", "5728667eff5b5019007da1fe": "", "5728667eff5b5019007da1ff": "$2 million.", "5acf9f9877cf76001a6855b6": "All Recognized Student Organizations,", "5acf9f9877cf76001a6855b7": "", "5acf9f9877cf76001a6855b8": "", "5acf9f9877cf76001a6855b9": "two Vice Presidents,", "5acf9f9877cf76001a6855ba": "", "572867543acd2414000df9a1": "fifteen", "572867543acd2414000df9a2": "seven", "572867543acd2414000df9a3": "Alpha Phi Omega.", "572867543acd2414000df9a4": "Four", "572867543acd2414000df9a5": "ten", "5acfa09277cf76001a6855ca": "seven", "5acfa09277cf76001a6855cb": "fifteen", "5acfa09277cf76001a6855cc": "", "5acfa09277cf76001a6855cd": "", "5acfa09277cf76001a6855ce": "", "5728683b3acd2414000df9af": "May", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b0": "1987,", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b1": "Festival of the Arts", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b2": "Kuviasungnerk/Kangeiko,", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b3": "Summer Breeze", "5acfa18177cf76001a6855f8": "", "5acfa18177cf76001a6855f9": "", "5acfa18177cf76001a6855fa": "", "5acfa18177cf76001a6855fb": "", "5acfa18177cf76001a6855fc": "", "57286951ff5b5019007da20e": "Satya Nadella,", "57286951ff5b5019007da20f": "Larry Ellison,", "57286951ff5b5019007da210": "Larry Ellison,", "57286951ff5b5019007da211": "", "57286951ff5b5019007da212": "James O. McKinsey,", "5acfa23577cf76001a68562e": "", "5acfa23577cf76001a68562f": "Satya Nadella,", "5acfa23577cf76001a685630": "Thomas S. Ricketts,", "5acfa23577cf76001a685631": "", "5acfa23577cf76001a685632": "Satya Nadella,", "57286ab72ca10214002da31e": "Saul Alinsky,", "57286ab72ca10214002da31f": "Saul Alinsky,", "57286ab72ca10214002da320": "Robert Bork,", "57286ab72ca10214002da321": "Masaaki Shirakawa,", "57286ab72ca10214002da322": "Eliot Ness,", "5acfa29c77cf76001a685666": "Robert Bork,", "5acfa29c77cf76001a685667": "", "5acfa29c77cf76001a685668": "", "5acfa29c77cf76001a685669": "", "5acfa29c77cf76001a68566a": "Masaaki Shirakawa,", "57286bf84b864d19001649d2": "Lauren Oliver,", "57286bf84b864d19001649d3": "Philip Roth,", "57286bf84b864d19001649d4": "Mind\" Allan Bloom,", "57286bf84b864d19001649d5": "Studs Terkel,", "57286bf84b864d19001649d6": "Kurt Vonnegut", "5acfa31377cf76001a685682": "", "5acfa31377cf76001a685683": "", "5acfa31377cf76001a685684": "", "5acfa31377cf76001a685685": "", "5acfa31377cf76001a685686": "", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e0": "Philip Glass,", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e1": "Alex Seropian,", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e2": "Halo", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e3": "Ed Asner,", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e4": "Mike Nichols,", "5acfa53677cf76001a6856f4": "", "5acfa53677cf76001a6856f5": "Ed Asner,", "5acfa53677cf76001a6856f6": "", "5acfa53677cf76001a6856f7": "", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d1": "Carl Sagan,", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d2": "John M. Grunsfeld,", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d3": "David Suzuki,", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d4": "John B. Goodenough,", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d5": "Clair Cameron Patterson,", "5acfa71b77cf76001a68572c": "", "5acfa71b77cf76001a68572d": "James Watson,", "5acfa71b77cf76001a68572e": "", "5acfa71b77cf76001a68572f": "John B. Goodenough,", "572870b2ff5b5019007da222": "Thomas Sowell", "572870b2ff5b5019007da223": "", "572870b2ff5b5019007da224": "Paul Samuelson,", "572870b2ff5b5019007da225": "Eugene Fama,", "5acfa8a277cf76001a68576c": "", "5acfa8a277cf76001a68576d": "", "5acfa8a277cf76001a68576e": "Eugene Fama,", "5acfa8a277cf76001a68576f": "", "5acfa8a277cf76001a685770": "", "572871bc4b864d1900164a04": "David Graeber and Donald Johanson,", "572871bc4b864d1900164a05": "Samuel Reshevsky,", "572871bc4b864d1900164a06": "Samuel P. Huntington.", "5acfa93777cf76001a685780": "", "5acfa93777cf76001a685781": "", "5acfa93777cf76001a685782": "", "5acfa93777cf76001a685783": "", "5acfa93777cf76001a685784": "", "572872dd2ca10214002da37e": "A. A. Michelson,", "572872dd2ca10214002da37f": "Robert A. Millikan,", "572872dd2ca10214002da380": "Arthur H. Compton,", "572872dd2ca10214002da381": "Enrico Fermi,", "572872dd2ca10214002da382": "Maria Goeppert-Mayer,", "5acfa9b877cf76001a6857a8": "", "5acfa9b877cf76001a6857a9": "", "5acfa9b877cf76001a6857aa": "Robert A. Millikan,", "5acfa9b877cf76001a6857ab": "", "5acfa9b877cf76001a6857ac": "", "5728742cff5b5019007da246": "James Henry Breasted,", "5728742cff5b5019007da247": "Alberto Calder\u00f3n,", "5728742cff5b5019007da248": "Ted Fujita,", "5728742cff5b5019007da249": "Glenn T. Seaborg,", "5728742cff5b5019007da24a": "Charles Brenton Huggins and Janet Rowley,", "5acfab5077cf76001a6857d0": "Saul Bellow,", "5acfab5077cf76001a6857d1": "", "5acfab5077cf76001a6857d2": "", "5acfab5077cf76001a6857d3": "Friedrich Hayek, meteorologist Ted Fujita, chemists Glenn T. Seaborg, the developer of the actinide concept and Nobel Prize winner Yuan T. Lee, Nobel Prize winning novelist Saul Bellow, political philosopher and author Allan Bloom, cancer researchers Charles Brenton Huggins and Janet Rowley,", "5acfab5077cf76001a6857d4": "Allan Bloom,", "5728759cff5b5019007da25a": "Goldman Sachs", "5728759cff5b5019007da25b": "Raghuram Rajan,", "5728759cff5b5019007da25c": "David Bevington,", "5728759cff5b5019007da25d": "John Mearsheimer and Robert Pape.", "5728759cff5b5019007da25e": "Neil Shubin and Paul Sereno,", "5acfac7177cf76001a6857f8": "", "5acfac7177cf76001a6857f9": "", "5acfac7177cf76001a6857fa": "", "5acfac7177cf76001a6857fb": "Steven Levitt,", "5acfac7177cf76001a6857fc": "", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b6": "\u5143\u671d; pinyin: Yu\u00e1n Ch\u00e1o), officially the Great Yuan", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b7": "Great Yuan", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b8": "Kublai Khan,", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b9": "Kublai Khan,", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1ba": "1271", "5ad3ffb3604f3c001a3ffc93": "", "5ad3ffb3604f3c001a3ffc94": "", "5ad3ffb3604f3c001a3ffc95": "", "5ad3ffb3604f3c001a3ffc96": "", "5ad3ffb3604f3c001a3ffc97": "", "572860e03acd2414000df977": "", "572860e03acd2414000df978": "Ming dynasty.", "572860e03acd2414000df979": "Ming dynasty.", "572860e03acd2414000df97a": "Genghis Khan", "5ad3ffef604f3c001a3ffcaf": "", "5ad3ffef604f3c001a3ffcb0": "", "5ad3ffef604f3c001a3ffcb1": "", "5ad3ffef604f3c001a3ffcb2": "", "57286192ff5b5019007da1dc": "1271,", "57286192ff5b5019007da1dd": "Commentaries on the Classic of Changes", "57286192ff5b5019007da1de": "Dai \u00d6n (Great Yuan) is often used in conjunction with the \"Yeke Mongghul Ulus\" (lit. \"Great Mongol State\"), resulting in Dai \u00d6n Yeke Mongghul Ulus", "57286192ff5b5019007da1df": "\"Great Mongol State\"),", "57286192ff5b5019007da1e0": "Great Khan.", "5ad4003b604f3c001a3ffcb7": "", "5ad4003b604f3c001a3ffcb8": "", "5ad4003b604f3c001a3ffcb9": "", "5ad4003b604f3c001a3ffcba": "", "5ad4003b604f3c001a3ffcbb": "", "572863c72ca10214002da2d4": "Mongol and Turkic", "572863c72ca10214002da2d5": "1206.", "572863c72ca10214002da2d6": "\u00d6gedei Khan,", "572863c72ca10214002da2d7": "1251.", "572863c72ca10214002da2d8": "his nephew", "5ad400f0604f3c001a3ffcef": "", "5ad400f0604f3c001a3ffcf0": "", "5ad400f0604f3c001a3ffcf1": "", "5ad400f0604f3c001a3ffcf2": "", "5ad400f0604f3c001a3ffcf3": "", "572864dd4b864d1900164976": "the Jin.", "572864dd4b864d1900164977": "", "572864dd4b864d1900164978": "Shi Tianze,", "572864dd4b864d1900164979": "10,000", "572864dd4b864d190016497a": "3", "5ad40158604f3c001a3ffd0b": "", "5ad40158604f3c001a3ffd0c": "", "5ad40158604f3c001a3ffd0d": "", "5ad40158604f3c001a3ffd0e": "10,000 troops.", "5ad40158604f3c001a3ffd0f": "", "5728661e2ca10214002da2e8": "Han Chinese", "5728661e2ca10214002da2e9": "Jin", "5728661e2ca10214002da2ea": "Han and Jurchen", "5728661e2ca10214002da2eb": "Shi Bingzhi", "5728661e2ca10214002da2ec": "Song dynasty", "5ad401de604f3c001a3ffd2d": "Han Chinese", "5ad401de604f3c001a3ffd2e": "", "5ad401de604f3c001a3ffd2f": "", "5ad401de604f3c001a3ffd30": "", "5ad401de604f3c001a3ffd31": "", "572867212ca10214002da2f2": "M\u00f6ngke Khan", "572867212ca10214002da2f3": "southern China.", "572867212ca10214002da2f4": "1259", "572867212ca10214002da2f5": "Ariq B\u00f6ke,", "572867212ca10214002da2f6": "Zhongtong.", "5ad40219604f3c001a3ffd45": "", "5ad40219604f3c001a3ffd46": "", "5ad40219604f3c001a3ffd47": "", "5ad40219604f3c001a3ffd48": "", "5ad40219604f3c001a3ffd49": "", "572867d72ca10214002da2fc": "Ogedei's", "572867d72ca10214002da2fd": "the south.", "572867d72ca10214002da2fe": "Wonjong", "572867d72ca10214002da2ff": "western", "572867d72ca10214002da300": "1262.", "5ad402ae604f3c001a3ffd5d": "Ogedei's", "5ad402ae604f3c001a3ffd5e": "", "5ad402ae604f3c001a3ffd5f": "", "5ad402ae604f3c001a3ffd60": "", "5ad402ae604f3c001a3ffd61": "", "572869b84b864d19001649ae": "preserving Mongol interests in China and satisfying the demands of his Chinese subjects.", "572869b84b864d19001649af": "salt and iron.", "572869b84b864d19001649b0": "past Chinese dynasties", "572869b84b864d19001649b1": "three,", "572869b84b864d19001649b2": "Han Chinese", "5ad402f1604f3c001a3ffd69": "", "5ad402f1604f3c001a3ffd6a": "", "5ad402f1604f3c001a3ffd6b": "", "5ad402f1604f3c001a3ffd6c": "", "5ad402f1604f3c001a3ffd6d": "", "57286b003acd2414000df9c1": "Karakorum", "57286b003acd2414000df9c2": "Khanbaliq", "57286b003acd2414000df9c3": "1264,", "57286b003acd2414000df9c4": "Zhongdu,", "57286b003acd2414000df9c5": "Confucian propriety and ancestor veneration,", "5ad40346604f3c001a3ffd73": "", "5ad40346604f3c001a3ffd74": "", "5ad40346604f3c001a3ffd75": "", "5ad40346604f3c001a3ffd76": "", "5ad40346604f3c001a3ffd77": "", "57286bb84b864d19001649c8": "commercial, scientific, and cultural", "57286bb84b864d19001649c9": "Mongol peace,", "57286bb84b864d19001649ca": "southern China", "57286bb84b864d19001649cb": "Daidu", "57286bb84b864d19001649cc": "Marco Polo,", "5ad40397604f3c001a3ffd83": "", "5ad40397604f3c001a3ffd84": "", "5ad40397604f3c001a3ffd85": "", "5ad40397604f3c001a3ffd86": "", "5ad40397604f3c001a3ffd87": "", "57286c8cff5b5019007da218": "the Song Emperor", "57286c8cff5b5019007da219": "(11", "57286c8cff5b5019007da21a": "(1115\u20131234)", "57286c8cff5b5019007da21b": "Kong Duancao", "57286c8cff5b5019007da21c": "30,000.", "5ad403df604f3c001a3ffd9b": "", "5ad403df604f3c001a3ffd9c": "", "5ad403df604f3c001a3ffd9d": "", "5ad403df604f3c001a3ffd9e": "", "57286d4f2ca10214002da328": "northern China,", "57286d4f2ca10214002da329": "1268 and 1273,", "57286d4f2ca10214002da32a": "Yangzi River basin.", "57286d4f2ca10214002da32b": "Hangzhou", "57286d4f2ca10214002da32c": "drowned,", "5ad40432604f3c001a3ffdbb": "", "5ad40432604f3c001a3ffdbc": "", "5ad40432604f3c001a3ffdbd": "", "5ad40432604f3c001a3ffdbe": "Hangzhou", "5ad40432604f3c001a3ffdbf": "", "57286dfa2ca10214002da332": "1279.", "57286dfa2ca10214002da333": "typhoon.", "57286dfa2ca10214002da334": "Vietnam \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t,", "57286dfa2ca10214002da335": "Battle of B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng", "57286dfa2ca10214002da336": "(12", "5ad40480604f3c001a3ffdcf": "Wars and construction projects", "5ad40480604f3c001a3ffdd0": "", "5ad40480604f3c001a3ffdd1": "crushed and defeated the Mongols", "5ad40480604f3c001a3ffdd2": "", "57286ead2ca10214002da346": "1253,", "57286ead2ca10214002da347": "his eldest son, Zhenjin,", "57286ead2ca10214002da348": "1285.", "57286ead2ca10214002da349": "Emperor Chengzong,", "57286ead2ca10214002da34a": "1294 to 1307.", "5ad404d4604f3c001a3ffde7": "", "5ad404d4604f3c001a3ffde8": "", "5ad404d4604f3c001a3ffde9": "", "5ad404d4604f3c001a3ffdea": "", "5ad404d4604f3c001a3ffdeb": "1307.", "57286f373acd2414000df9db": "Buyantu Khan", "57286f373acd2414000df9dc": "", "57286f373acd2414000df9dd": "Li Meng,", "57286f373acd2414000df9de": "Department of State Affairs", "57286f373acd2414000df9df": "1313", "5ad40515604f3c001a3ffe05": "", "5ad40515604f3c001a3ffe06": "", "5ad40515604f3c001a3ffe07": "", "5ad40515604f3c001a3ffe08": "", "5ad40515604f3c001a3ffe09": "", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e5": "Emperor Gegeen Khan,", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e6": "1321 to 1323.", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e7": "Baiju.", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e8": "\"the comprehensive institutions of the Great Yuan\"),", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e9": "five", "5ad40582604f3c001a3ffe19": "", "5ad40582604f3c001a3ffe1a": "", "5ad40582604f3c001a3ffe1b": "", "5ad40582604f3c001a3ffe1c": "", "5ad40582604f3c001a3ffe1d": "", "5728705c2ca10214002da35a": "Shangdu", "5728705c2ca10214002da35b": "War of the Two Capitals.", "5728705c2ca10214002da35c": "four days", "5728705c2ca10214002da35d": "", "5728705c2ca10214002da35e": "Tugh Tem\u00fcr", "5ad405f0604f3c001a3ffe2d": "Yes\u00fcn Tem\u00fcr died in Shangdu", "5ad405f0604f3c001a3ffe2e": "", "5ad405f0604f3c001a3ffe2f": "", "5ad405f0604f3c001a3ffe30": "", "5ad405f0604f3c001a3ffe31": "", "5728710c3acd2414000df9ef": "his cultural contribution", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f0": "Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of Literature", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f1": "spring of 1329", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f2": "Jingshi Dadian", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f3": "Buddhism.", "5ad40639604f3c001a3ffe4b": "", "5ad40639604f3c001a3ffe4c": "", "5ad40639604f3c001a3ffe4d": "", "5ad40639604f3c001a3ffe4e": "", "5ad40639604f3c001a3ffe4f": "", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa03": "1332", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa04": "(Emperor Ningzong)", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa05": "13-year-old", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa06": "nine", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa07": "Liao, Jin, and Song", "5ad4066a604f3c001a3ffe5f": "", "5ad4066a604f3c001a3ffe60": "", "5ad4066a604f3c001a3ffe61": "", "5ad4066a604f3c001a3ffe62": "", "5ad4066a604f3c001a3ffe63": "", "572872822ca10214002da374": "struggle, famine, and bitterness among the populace.", "572872822ca10214002da375": "the Mongols beyond the Middle Kingdom saw them as too Chinese.", "572872822ca10214002da376": "the army and the populace,", "572872822ca10214002da377": "Outlaws", "572872822ca10214002da378": "administration,", "5ad406b6604f3c001a3ffe73": "", "5ad406b6604f3c001a3ffe74": "", "5ad406b6604f3c001a3ffe75": "", "5ad406b6604f3c001a3ffe76": "", "5ad406b6604f3c001a3ffe77": "", "57287338ff5b5019007da232": "1340s", "57287338ff5b5019007da233": "Red Turban Rebellion", "57287338ff5b5019007da234": "fear of betrayal.", "57287338ff5b5019007da235": "", "57287338ff5b5019007da236": "(1368\u20131644),", "5ad406e9604f3c001a3ffe7d": "", "5ad406e9604f3c001a3ffe7e": "", "5ad406e9604f3c001a3ffe7f": "", "5ad406e9604f3c001a3ffe80": "", "5ad406e9604f3c001a3ffe81": "", "572878942ca10214002da3a2": "political unity of China", "572878942ca10214002da3a3": "The Mongols' extensive West Asian and European contacts", "572878942ca10214002da3a4": "the Ilkhanate,", "572878942ca10214002da3a5": "carrots, turnips, new varieties of lemons, eggplants, and melons, high-quality granulated sugar, and cotton", "5ad40726604f3c001a3ffe8f": "", "5ad40726604f3c001a3ffe90": "", "5ad40726604f3c001a3ffe91": "", "572879574b864d1900164a14": "Western", "572879574b864d1900164a15": "Nestorianism and Roman Catholicism", "572879574b864d1900164a16": "Taoism", "572879574b864d1900164a17": "Confucian", "572879574b864d1900164a18": "travel literature, cartography, geography, and scientific education.", "5ad40762604f3c001a3ffe95": "", "5ad40762604f3c001a3ffe96": "", "5ad40762604f3c001a3ffe97": "", "5ad40762604f3c001a3ffe98": "Confucian", "5ad40762604f3c001a3ffe99": "", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a28": "Marco Polo,", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a29": "", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2a": "Travels of Marco Polo),", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2b": "Il milione", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2c": "through contact with Persian traders", "5ad40796604f3c001a3ffea9": "", "5ad40796604f3c001a3ffeaa": "", "5ad40796604f3c001a3ffeab": "", "5ad40796604f3c001a3ffeac": "", "57287c142ca10214002da3d0": "Guo Shoujing,", "57287c142ca10214002da3d1": "365.2425 days", "57287c142ca10214002da3d2": "granaries were ordered built throughout the empire.", "57287c142ca10214002da3d3": "Beijing", "57287c142ca10214002da3d4": "sorghum,", "5ad407de604f3c001a3ffebb": "", "5ad407de604f3c001a3ffebc": "365.2425 days", "5ad407de604f3c001a3ffebd": "", "5ad407de604f3c001a3ffebe": "", "5ad407de604f3c001a3ffebf": "", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3da": "non-native Chinese people", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3db": "Eternal Heaven,", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dc": "Song dynasty", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dd": "Ming dynasty.", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3de": "did not", "5ad4081b604f3c001a3ffed9": "", "5ad4081b604f3c001a3ffeda": "", "5ad4081b604f3c001a3ffedb": "", "5ad4081b604f3c001a3ffedc": "", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e4": "Han Chinese, Khitans, Jurchens, Mongols, and Tibetan Buddhists.", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e5": "Tang, Song, as well as Khitan Liao and Jurchen Jin dynasties.", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e6": "Liu Bingzhong and Yao Shu", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e7": "Chinese tripartite", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e8": "civil, military, and censorial offices,", "5ad408aa604f3c001a3ffeff": "", "5ad408aa604f3c001a3fff00": "", "5ad408aa604f3c001a3fff01": "", "5ad408aa604f3c001a3fff02": "", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa3f": "the Privy Council.", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa40": "since the Sui and Tang dynasties)", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa41": "Mongols and Semuren,", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa42": "", "5ad408ed604f3c001a3fff0f": "the Privy Council.", "5ad408ed604f3c001a3fff10": "", "5ad408ed604f3c001a3fff11": "", "5ad408ed604f3c001a3fff12": "", "57287e512ca10214002da3f8": "1269,", "57287e512ca10214002da3f9": "Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese", "57287e512ca10214002da3fa": "they could generally converse well in", "57287e512ca10214002da3fb": "Tugh Temur,", "57287e512ca10214002da3fc": "(Emperor Wenzong),", "5ad40955604f3c001a3fff2b": "", "5ad40955604f3c001a3fff2c": "", "5ad40955604f3c001a3fff2d": "", "5ad40955604f3c001a3fff2e": "", "5ad40955604f3c001a3fff2f": "", "57287ee3ff5b5019007da274": "1290", "57287ee3ff5b5019007da275": "1291", "57287ee3ff5b5019007da276": "the harvests of their Chinese tenants", "5ad40995604f3c001a3fff45": "", "5ad40995604f3c001a3fff46": "", "5ad40995604f3c001a3fff47": "costs of equipping and dispatching men for their tours of duty.", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa51": "painting, mathematics, calligraphy, poetry, and theater,", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa52": "painting, poetry, and calligraphy", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa53": "Song dynasty", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa54": "qu,", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa55": "zaju", "5ad409d6604f3c001a3fff5f": "", "5ad409d6604f3c001a3fff60": "", "5ad409d6604f3c001a3fff61": "", "5ad409d6604f3c001a3fff62": "", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3c": "", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3d": "Buddhism,", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3e": "", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3f": "Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs", "57287fec4b864d1900164a40": "Sakya", "5ad40a0e604f3c001a3fff79": "western khanates,", "5ad40a0e604f3c001a3fff7a": "", "5ad40a0e604f3c001a3fff7b": "Tibetan Buddhism", "5ad40a0e604f3c001a3fff7d": "", "5728804b4b864d1900164a46": "(12", "5728804b4b864d1900164a47": "(1249\u20131314)", "5728804b4b864d1900164a48": "matrices.", "5728804b4b864d1900164a49": "polynomial algebra", "5728804b4b864d1900164a4a": "1303.", "5ad40a41604f3c001a3fff8b": "", "5ad40a41604f3c001a3fff8c": "", "5ad40a41604f3c001a3fff8d": "", "5ad40a41604f3c001a3fff8e": "", "5ad40a41604f3c001a3fff8f": "", "5728809f2ca10214002da40c": "applied mathematics", "5728809f2ca10214002da40d": "cubic interpolation formula", "5728809f2ca10214002da40e": "Shoushi Li", "5728809f2ca10214002da40f": "Shoushi Li", "5728809f2ca10214002da410": "1281", "5ad40a72604f3c001a3fffa9": "", "5ad40a72604f3c001a3fffaa": "", "5ad40a72604f3c001a3fffab": "", "5ad40a72604f3c001a3fffac": "", "5ad40a72604f3c001a3fffad": "", "572881022ca10214002da416": "non-Mongol physicians", "572881022ca10214002da417": "herbal remedies,", "572881022ca10214002da418": "", "572881022ca10214002da419": "Imperial Academy of Medicine", "572881022ca10214002da41a": "it ensured a high income and medical ethics were compatible with Confucian virtues.", "5ad40ac5604f3c001a3fffc7": "non-Mongol physicians", "5ad40ac5604f3c001a3fffc8": "", "5ad40ac5604f3c001a3fffc9": "", "5ad40ac5604f3c001a3fffca": "", "5ad40ac5604f3c001a3fffcb": "", "572881704b864d1900164a50": "\"", "572881704b864d1900164a51": "the Yuan inherited from the Jin dynasty.", "572881704b864d1900164a52": "Chinese physicians were brought along military campaigns", "572881704b864d1900164a53": "acupuncture, moxibustion, pulse diagnosis, and various herbal drugs and elixirs", "572881704b864d1900164a54": "(1277\u20131347)", "5ad40af0604f3c001a3fffdf": "", "5ad40af0604f3c001a3fffe0": "", "5ad40af0604f3c001a3fffe1": "", "5ad40af0604f3c001a3fffe2": "", "572881d34b864d1900164a5a": "Muslim medicine.", "572881d34b864d1900164a5b": "Jesus the Interpreter", "572881d34b864d1900164a5c": "1263", "572881d34b864d1900164a5d": "humoral system", "572881d34b864d1900164a5e": "yin-yang and wuxing", "5ad40b55604f3c001a3ffffb": "", "5ad40b55604f3c001a3ffffc": "", "5ad40b55604f3c001a3ffffd": "", "5ad40b55604f3c001a3ffffe": "", "5ad40b55604f3c001a3fffff": "", "572882242ca10214002da420": "through Kingdom of Qocho and Tibetan intermediaries.", "572882242ca10214002da421": "Wang Zhen's", "572882242ca10214002da422": "12th century.", "572882242ca10214002da423": "T\u00f6regene Khatun,", "572882242ca10214002da424": "1273,", "5ad40b87604f3c001a400005": "", "5ad40b87604f3c001a400006": "", "5ad40b87604f3c001a400007": "", "5ad40b87604f3c001a400008": "", "5ad40b87604f3c001a400009": "", "5728827b2ca10214002da42a": "chao,", "5728827b2ca10214002da42b": "bark of mulberry trees.", "5728827b2ca10214002da42c": "1275.", "5728827b2ca10214002da42d": "woodblocks", "5728827b2ca10214002da42e": "1294,", "5ad40bd9604f3c001a400035": "", "5ad40bd9604f3c001a400036": "", "5ad40bd9604f3c001a400037": "", "5ad40bd9604f3c001a400038": "", "5ad40bd9604f3c001a400039": "", "572883153acd2414000dfa6f": "patrimonial feudalism", "572883153acd2414000dfa70": "autocratic-bureaucratic system.", "572883153acd2414000dfa71": "(various allied groups from Central Asia and the western end of the empire)", "572883153acd2414000dfa72": "strong \"colonial\" coloration.", "572883153acd2414000dfa73": "", "5ad40c2d604f3c001a400049": "", "5ad40c2d604f3c001a40004a": "", "5ad40c2d604f3c001a40004b": "(various allied groups from Central Asia and the western end of the empire)", "5ad40c2d604f3c001a40004c": "", "572883a33acd2414000dfa79": "Central Asian Muslims", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7a": "Han Chinese and Khitans", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7b": "Besh Baliq, Almaliq, and Samarqand", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7c": "artisans and farmers.", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7d": "Ahai", "5ad40c62604f3c001a400065": "", "5ad40c62604f3c001a400066": "", "5ad40c62604f3c001a400067": "", "5ad40c62604f3c001a400068": "", "57288428ff5b5019007da28e": "restricting Halal slaughter and other Islamic practices like circumcision, as well as Kosher butchering for Jews, forcing them to eat food the Mongol way.", "57288428ff5b5019007da28f": "Kosher butchering", "57288428ff5b5019007da290": "Zhu Yuanzhang", "57288428ff5b5019007da291": "\"", "57288428ff5b5019007da292": "Muslims in the semu class", "5ad40cac604f3c001a400087": "", "5ad40cac604f3c001a400088": "", "5ad40cac604f3c001a400089": "", "5ad40cac604f3c001a40008a": "", "5ad40cac604f3c001a40008b": "", "5728848cff5b5019007da298": "Frederick W. Mote", "5728848cff5b5019007da299": "\"degrees of privilege\"", "5728848cff5b5019007da29a": "", "5728848cff5b5019007da29b": "poverty", "5ad40cdb604f3c001a400091": "", "5ad40cdb604f3c001a400092": "", "5ad40cdb604f3c001a400093": "rich and well socially standing", "5ad40cdb604f3c001a400094": "poverty", "572885023acd2414000dfa83": "Northern Chinese", "572885023acd2414000dfa84": "Southern Chinese were ranked lower because southern China", "572885023acd2414000dfa85": "because southern China withstood and fought to the last before caving in.", "572885023acd2414000dfa86": "The earlier they surrendered to the Mongols,", "572885023acd2414000dfa87": "southern Chinese manufacturers and merchants.", "5ad40d28604f3c001a4000b5": "", "5ad40d28604f3c001a4000b6": "", "5ad40d28604f3c001a4000b7": "", "5ad40d28604f3c001a4000b8": "", "5ad40d28604f3c001a4000b9": "", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8d": "", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8e": "the Karluk Kara-Khanid ruler,", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8f": "the Uighur King of Qocho", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa90": "because the Uighurs surrendered to the Mongols first,", "5ad40d50604f3c001a4000c9": "", "5ad40d50604f3c001a4000ca": "", "5ad40d50604f3c001a4000cb": "", "5ad40d50604f3c001a4000cc": "", "572885c44b864d1900164a78": "The Central Region,", "572885c44b864d1900164a79": "the Central Secretariat", "572885c44b864d1900164a7a": "Khanbaliq (modern Beijing);", "572885c44b864d1900164a7b": "Beijing);", "572885c44b864d1900164a7c": "Zhongshu Sheng)", "5ad40d89604f3c001a4000d1": "", "5ad40d89604f3c001a4000d2": "", "5ad40d89604f3c001a4000d3": "", "5ad40d89604f3c001a4000d4": "", "5ad40d89604f3c001a4000d5": "", "5728eff82ca10214002daadc": "disease.", "5728eff82ca10214002daadd": "pathogens,", "5728eff82ca10214002daade": "neuroimmune system", "5728eff82ca10214002daadf": "the blood\u2013brain barrier, blood\u2013cerebrospinal fluid barrier, and similar fluid\u2013brain barriers", "572a14af3f37b319004786c1": "pathogens,", "572a14af3f37b319004786c2": "humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.", "572a14af3f37b319004786c3": "the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.", "572a14af3f37b319004786c4": "neuroimmune system", "5ad49c34ba00c4001a268d9a": "", "5ad49c34ba00c4001a268d9b": "", "5ad49c34ba00c4001a268d9c": "", "5ad49c34ba00c4001a268d9d": "", "5ad49c34ba00c4001a268d9e": "", "5728f2e26aef051400154896": "Immunodeficiency", "5728f2e26aef051400154897": "autoimmunity", "5728f2e26aef051400154898": "Immunology", "5728f2e26aef051400154899": "HIV/AIDS,", "5ad49faaba00c4001a268e24": "", "5ad49faaba00c4001a268e25": "", "5ad49faaba00c4001a268e26": "", "5ad49faaba00c4001a268e27": "", "5ad49faaba00c4001a268e28": "", "5728f3724b864d1900165116": "Robert Koch's", "5728f3724b864d1900165117": "microorganisms", "5728f3724b864d1900165118": "yellow fever", "5728f3724b864d1900165119": "430 BC.", "5ad4a049ba00c4001a268e42": "", "5ad4a049ba00c4001a268e43": "", "5ad4a049ba00c4001a268e44": "Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis", "5ad4a049ba00c4001a268e45": "", "5ad4a049ba00c4001a268e46": "", "5728f6446aef0514001548e4": "Innate", "5728f6446aef0514001548e5": "the adaptive immune system,", "5728f6446aef0514001548e6": "immunological memory,", "5728f6446aef0514001548e7": "physical barriers", "5ad4a110ba00c4001a268e60": "", "5ad4a110ba00c4001a268e61": "", "5ad4a110ba00c4001a268e62": "", "5ad4a110ba00c4001a268e63": "", "5ad4a110ba00c4001a268e64": "", "5728f7774b864d190016512e": "self and non-self molecules.", "5728f7774b864d190016512f": "self", "5728f7774b864d1900165130": "non-self molecules", "5728f7774b864d1900165131": "antigens", "5728f7774b864d1900165132": "specific immune receptors", "5ad4a682ba00c4001a268eca": "", "5ad4a682ba00c4001a268ecb": "", "5ad4a682ba00c4001a268ecc": "", "5ad4a682ba00c4001a268ecd": "", "5ad4a682ba00c4001a268ece": "", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5a": "pattern recognition receptors,", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5b": "innate immune system", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5c": "microorganisms,", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5d": "non-specific,", "5ad4a75aba00c4001a268ee8": "", "5ad4a75aba00c4001a268ee9": "", "5ad4a75aba00c4001a268eea": "", "5ad4a75aba00c4001a268eeb": "", "5ad4a75aba00c4001a268eec": "", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6a": "exoskeleton", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6b": "waxy cuticle", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6c": "coughing and sneezing", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6d": "mucus", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6e": "", "5ad4abe25b96ef001a109d64": "", "5ad4abe25b96ef001a109d65": "", "5ad4abe25b96ef001a109d66": "", "5ad4abe25b96ef001a109d67": "", "5ad4abe25b96ef001a109d68": "", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec7": "\u03b2-defensins.", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec8": "lysozyme and phospholipase A2", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec9": "defensins and zinc", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9eca": "gastric acid and proteases", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ecb": "menarche,", "5ad4acbd5b96ef001a109d78": "", "5ad4acbd5b96ef001a109d79": "", "5ad4acbd5b96ef001a109d7a": "", "5ad4acbd5b96ef001a109d7b": "", "5ad4acbd5b96ef001a109d7c": "", "5728fd206aef05140015494c": "commensal flora", "5728fd206aef05140015494d": "fungi,", "5728fd206aef05140015494e": "lactobacilli", "5728fd206aef05140015494f": "pH or available iron.", "5ad4b0f25b96ef001a109dbc": "", "5ad4b0f25b96ef001a109dbd": "", "5ad4b0f25b96ef001a109dbe": "", "5ad4b0f25b96ef001a109dbf": "", "5ad4b0f25b96ef001a109dc0": "", "572900f73f37b31900477f69": "Inflammation", "572900f73f37b31900477f6a": "increased blood flow into tissue.", "572900f73f37b31900477f6b": "eicosanoids and cytokines,", "572900f73f37b31900477f6c": "prostaglandins", "572900f73f37b31900477f6d": "interleukins", "5ad4b1895b96ef001a109dc6": "", "5ad4b1895b96ef001a109dc7": "", "5ad4b1895b96ef001a109dc8": "", "5ad4b1895b96ef001a109dc9": "", "5ad4b1895b96ef001a109dca": "", "572905ce1d04691400778f83": "'phagocytes'", "572905ce1d04691400778f84": "cytokines.", "572905ce1d04691400778f85": "phagosome,", "572905ce1d04691400778f86": "phagolysosome.", "572905ce1d04691400778f87": "acquiring nutrients,", "5ad4ca235b96ef001a10a0b6": "", "5ad4ca235b96ef001a10a0b7": "", "5ad4ca235b96ef001a10a0b8": "an intracellular vesicle called a phagosome,", "5ad4ca235b96ef001a10a0b9": "", "5ad4ca235b96ef001a10a0ba": "", "5729081d3f37b31900477fab": "Neutrophils and macrophages", "5729081d3f37b31900477fac": "Neutrophils", "5729081d3f37b31900477fad": "50% to 60%", "5729081d3f37b31900477fae": "chemotaxis,", "5729081d3f37b31900477faf": "interleukin 1.", "5ad4cb055b96ef001a10a0de": "", "5ad4cb055b96ef001a10a0df": "", "5ad4cb055b96ef001a10a0e0": "", "5ad4cb055b96ef001a10a0e1": "", "5ad4cb055b96ef001a10a0e2": "", "572908c13f37b31900477fbd": "Leukocytes", "572908c13f37b31900477fbe": "Leukocytes", "572908c13f37b31900477fbf": "adaptive", "572908c13f37b31900477fc0": "(macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells),", "5ad4c94f5b96ef001a10a098": "", "5ad4c94f5b96ef001a10a099": "", "5ad4c94f5b96ef001a10a09a": "", "5ad4c94f5b96ef001a10a09b": "", "5ad4c94f5b96ef001a10a09c": "", "5729efab3f37b319004785cf": "Dendritic cells", "5729efab3f37b319004785d0": "neuronal dendrites,", "5729efab3f37b319004785d1": "T cells,", "5729efab3f37b319004785d2": "", "5ad4cd245b96ef001a10a110": "", "5ad4cd245b96ef001a10a111": "", "5ad4cd245b96ef001a10a112": "neuronal dendrites,", "5ad4cd245b96ef001a10a113": "", "5ad4cd245b96ef001a10a114": "", "5729f06f1d04691400779673": "Natural killer cells,", "5729f06f1d04691400779674": "\"missing self.\"", "5729f06f1d04691400779675": "MHC I (major histocompatibility complex)", "5729f06f1d04691400779676": "killer cell immunoglobulin receptors", "5ad4cf8e5b96ef001a10a148": "", "5ad4cf8e5b96ef001a10a149": "", "5ad4cf8e5b96ef001a10a14a": "", "5ad4cf8e5b96ef001a10a14b": "", "5ad4cf8e5b96ef001a10a14c": "", "5729f12e3f37b319004785e1": "vertebrates", "5729f12e3f37b319004785e2": "antigen presentation.", "5729f12e3f37b319004785e3": "pathogens", "5ad4d0385b96ef001a10a178": "", "5ad4d0385b96ef001a10a179": "", "5ad4d0385b96ef001a10a17a": "", "5ad4d0385b96ef001a10a17b": "", "5ad4d0385b96ef001a10a17c": "", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d3": "the killer T cell and the helper T cell.", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d4": "regulatory", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d5": "Class I MHC molecules,", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d6": "Class II MHC molecules.", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d7": "\u03b3\u03b4", "5ad4d10e5b96ef001a10a1a0": "", "5ad4d10e5b96ef001a10a1a1": "", "5ad4d10e5b96ef001a10a1a2": "", "5ad4d10e5b96ef001a10a1a3": "", "5ad4d10e5b96ef001a10a1a4": "", "5729f39a6aef05140015514c": "Killer T cells", "5729f39a6aef05140015514d": "(TC", "5729f39a6aef05140015514e": "CD8.", "5729f39a6aef05140015514f": "perforin,", "5729f39a6aef051400155150": "granulysin", "5ad4d2105b96ef001a10a1c6": "", "5ad4d2105b96ef001a10a1c7": "", "5ad4d2105b96ef001a10a1c8": "", "5ad4d2105b96ef001a10a1c9": "", "5ad4d2105b96ef001a10a1ca": "", "5729f4b41d0469140077968b": "CD4", "5729f4b41d0469140077968c": "200\u2013300)", "5729f4b41d0469140077968d": "", "5729f4b41d0469140077968e": "cytokines", "5729f4b41d0469140077968f": "CD40", "5ad4d2d65b96ef001a10a1f8": "", "5ad4d2d65b96ef001a10a1f9": "", "5ad4d2d65b96ef001a10a1fa": "", "5ad4d2d65b96ef001a10a1fb": "", "5ad4d2d65b96ef001a10a1fc": "", "5729f5a03f37b31900478605": "helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and NK cells.", "5729f5a03f37b31900478606": "(TC", "5729f5a03f37b31900478607": "\u03b3\u03b4 T cells", "5729f5a03f37b31900478608": "receptor diversity", "5729f5a03f37b31900478609": "V\u03b39/V\u03b42", "5ad4d4795b96ef001a10a232": "CD4+ and CD8+ (\u03b1\u03b2) T cells", "5ad4d4795b96ef001a10a233": "", "5ad4d4795b96ef001a10a234": "", "5ad4d4795b96ef001a10a235": "", "5729f69caf94a219006aa6f9": "B cell", "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fa": "proteolysis", "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fb": "lymphokines", "5ad4d52a5b96ef001a10a260": "", "5ad4d52a5b96ef001a10a261": "", "5ad4d52a5b96ef001a10a262": "", "5ad4d52a5b96ef001a10a263": "", "5ad4d52a5b96ef001a10a264": "", "5729f799af94a219006aa707": "long-lived memory cells.", "5729f799af94a219006aa708": "\"adapt", "5729f799af94a219006aa709": "passive short-term memory or active long-term memory.", "5729f799af94a219006aa70a": "pathogen", "5ad4d6a75b96ef001a10a2c6": "", "5ad4d6a75b96ef001a10a2c7": "", "5ad4d6a75b96ef001a10a2c8": "", "5ad4d6a75b96ef001a10a2c9": "", "5ad4d6a75b96ef001a10a2ca": "", "5729f8516aef05140015516c": "microbes", "5729f8516aef05140015516d": "IgG,", "5729f8516aef05140015516e": "Breast milk or colostrum", "5729f8516aef05140015516f": "passive", "5ad4d7395b96ef001a10a2f4": "", "5ad4d7395b96ef001a10a2f5": "", "5ad4d7395b96ef001a10a2f6": "", "5ad4d7395b96ef001a10a2f7": "", "5ad4d7395b96ef001a10a2f8": "", "5729f9953f37b3190047861f": "immunomodulators,", "5729f9953f37b31900478620": "adaptive and innate", "5729f9953f37b31900478621": "lupus erythematosus", "5729f9953f37b31900478622": "immunosuppressive.", "5ad4e61e5b96ef001a10a5ac": "", "5ad4e61e5b96ef001a10a5ad": "", "5ad4e61e5b96ef001a10a5ae": "", "5ad4e61e5b96ef001a10a5af": "testosterone", "5ad4e61e5b96ef001a10a5b0": "", "5729fa40af94a219006aa70f": "NFIL3,", "5729fa40af94a219006aa710": "heart disease, chronic pain, and asthma.", "5729fa40af94a219006aa711": "sleep deprivation,", "5ad4ea425b96ef001a10a626": "", "5ad4ea425b96ef001a10a627": "", "5ad4ea425b96ef001a10a628": "", "5ad4ea425b96ef001a10a629": "", "5ad4ea425b96ef001a10a62a": "", "5729fb003f37b31900478627": "progressive decline in hormone levels", "5729fb003f37b31900478628": "vitamin D.", "5729fb003f37b31900478629": "thyroid hormone", "5729fb003f37b3190047862a": "cholecalciferol", "5ad4e90e5b96ef001a10a608": "", "5ad4e90e5b96ef001a10a609": "", "5ad4e90e5b96ef001a10a60a": "", "5ad4e90e5b96ef001a10a60b": "", "5ad4e90e5b96ef001a10a60c": "", "5729fc3d1d0469140077969d": "killer T cells,", "5729fc3d1d0469140077969e": "MHC class I molecules", "5729fc3d1d0469140077969f": "viral antigens.", "5729fc3d1d046914007796a0": "antibodies", "5ad4e4cf5b96ef001a10a586": "", "5ad4e4cf5b96ef001a10a587": "", "5ad4e4cf5b96ef001a10a588": "", "5ad4e4cf5b96ef001a10a589": "", "5ad4e4cf5b96ef001a10a58a": "", "5729fd111d046914007796a5": "phagocytic cells,", "5729fd111d046914007796a6": "Pathogen-associated molecular patterns", "5729fd111d046914007796a7": "rapid apoptosis", "5729fd111d046914007796a8": "Systemic acquired resistance", "5729fd111d046914007796a9": "RNA silencing", "5ad4e3a15b96ef001a10a560": "", "5ad4e3a15b96ef001a10a561": "", "5ad4e3a15b96ef001a10a562": "", "5ad4e3a15b96ef001a10a563": "", "5ad4e3a15b96ef001a10a564": "", "5729fe5c3f37b3190047862f": "autoimmune", "5729fe5c3f37b31900478630": "self and non-self,", "5729fe5c3f37b31900478631": "thymus and bone marrow)", "5729fe5c3f37b31900478632": "", "5ad4db615b96ef001a10a434": "", "5ad4db615b96ef001a10a435": "", "5ad4db615b96ef001a10a436": "", "5ad4db615b96ef001a10a437": "", "5ad4db615b96ef001a10a438": "", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa739": "Immunodeficiencies", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73a": "young and the elderly,", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73b": "50 years of age", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73c": "obesity, alcoholism, and drug use", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73d": "malnutrition", "5ad4d91d5b96ef001a10a380": "", "5ad4d91d5b96ef001a10a381": "", "5ad4d91d5b96ef001a10a382": "", "5ad4d91d5b96ef001a10a383": "", "5ad4d91d5b96ef001a10a384": "", "5729ffda1d046914007796af": "vaccination.", "5729ffda1d046914007796b0": "immunization)", "5729ffda1d046914007796b1": "an antigen", "5729ffda1d046914007796b2": "natural specificity", "5ad4d8845b96ef001a10a344": "", "5ad4d8845b96ef001a10a345": "", "5ad4d8845b96ef001a10a346": "", "5ad4d8845b96ef001a10a347": "", "5ad4d8845b96ef001a10a348": "", "572a019f3f37b31900478643": "enzymes", "572a019f3f37b31900478644": "type III secretion system,", "572a019f3f37b31900478645": "shut down host defenses.", "572a019f3f37b31900478646": "elude host immune responses.", "5ad4f4405b96ef001a10a77e": "", "5ad4f4405b96ef001a10a77f": "", "5ad4f4405b96ef001a10a780": "type III secretion system,", "5ad4f4405b96ef001a10a781": "", "5ad4f4405b96ef001a10a782": "", "572a02483f37b3190047864b": "Frank Burnet,", "572a02483f37b3190047864c": "(pathogens, an allograft)", "572a02483f37b3190047864d": "histocompatibility", "572a02483f37b3190047864e": "Niels Jerne,", "5ad4f11d5b96ef001a10a702": "", "5ad4f11d5b96ef001a10a703": "", "5ad4f11d5b96ef001a10a704": "", "5ad4f11d5b96ef001a10a705": "", "5ad4f11d5b96ef001a10a706": "", "572a03086aef0514001551a2": "Glucocorticoids", "572a03086aef0514001551a3": "cytotoxic or immunosuppressive drugs", "572a03086aef0514001551a4": "methotrexate or azathioprine.", "572a03086aef0514001551a5": "cyclosporin", "5ad4ef8b5b96ef001a10a6b8": "", "5ad4ef8b5b96ef001a10a6b9": "", "5ad4ef8b5b96ef001a10a6ba": "", "5ad4ef8b5b96ef001a10a6bb": "", "5ad4ef8b5b96ef001a10a6bc": "", "572a04d51d046914007796cd": "cytotoxic natural killer cells and CTLs (cytotoxic T lymphocytes),", "572a04d51d046914007796ce": "cortisol and catecholamines,", "572a04d51d046914007796cf": "melatonin.", "572a04d51d046914007796d0": "free radical", "5ad4ec305b96ef001a10a668": "", "5ad4ec305b96ef001a10a669": "", "5ad4ec305b96ef001a10a66a": "", "5ad4ec305b96ef001a10a66b": "actively counteract free radical production", "5ad4ec305b96ef001a10a66c": "", "572a058aaf94a219006aa751": "a vitamin D receptor.", "572a058aaf94a219006aa752": "calcitriol.", "572a058aaf94a219006aa753": "symbiotic", "572a058aaf94a219006aa754": "CYP27B1,", "572a058aaf94a219006aa755": "dendritic cells, keratinocytes and macrophages.", "5ad4e7eb5b96ef001a10a5f4": "", "5ad4e7eb5b96ef001a10a5f5": "", "5ad4e7eb5b96ef001a10a5f6": "", "5ad4e7eb5b96ef001a10a5f7": "", "5ad4e7eb5b96ef001a10a5f8": "", "572a06af3f37b31900478667": "Pattern recognition receptors", "572a06af3f37b31900478668": "defensins", "572a06af3f37b31900478669": "phagocytic cells", "572a06af3f37b3190047866a": "RNA interference", "5ad4df065b96ef001a10a4f4": "", "5ad4df065b96ef001a10a4f5": "", "5ad4df065b96ef001a10a4f6": "", "5ad4df065b96ef001a10a4f7": "", "5ad4df065b96ef001a10a4f8": "", "572a07fc6aef0514001551dc": "immunoglobulins and T cell receptors)", "572a07fc6aef0514001551dd": "lamprey and hagfish.", "572a07fc6aef0514001551de": "Variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs)", "572a07fc6aef0514001551df": "adaptive", "5ad4d5e15b96ef001a10a298": "", "5ad4d5e15b96ef001a10a299": "", "5ad4d5e15b96ef001a10a29a": "", "5ad4d5e15b96ef001a10a29b": "", "5ad4d5e15b96ef001a10a29c": "", "572a096e6aef0514001551e4": "lymphocytes", "572a096e6aef0514001551e5": "restriction modification system", "572a096e6aef0514001551e6": "viral pathogens,", "572a096e6aef0514001551e7": "CRISPR sequences", "5ad4de4c5b96ef001a10a4d8": "", "5ad4de4c5b96ef001a10a4d9": "", "5ad4de4c5b96ef001a10a4da": "", "5ad4de4c5b96ef001a10a4db": "", "5ad4de4c5b96ef001a10a4dc": "", "572a0a686aef0514001551ec": "\"cellular\" and \"humoral\"", "572a0a686aef0514001551ed": "Elie Metchnikoff,", "572a0a686aef0514001551ee": "phagocytes", "572a0a686aef0514001551ef": "Robert Koch and Emil von Behring,", "572a0a686aef0514001551f0": "soluble components (molecules)", "5ad4f0675b96ef001a10a6e8": "", "5ad4f0675b96ef001a10a6e9": "", "5ad4f0675b96ef001a10a6ea": "", "5ad4f0675b96ef001a10a6eb": "", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f6": "cancers.", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f7": "MHC class I molecules", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f8": "TGF-\u03b2,", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f9": "", "5ad4e56d5b96ef001a10a598": "", "5ad4e56d5b96ef001a10a599": "", "5ad4e56d5b96ef001a10a59a": "", "5ad4e56d5b96ef001a10a59b": "", "5ad4e56d5b96ef001a10a59c": "the immune system no longer attacks the tumor cells.", "572a0bf96aef051400155204": "Hypersensitivity", "572a0bf96aef051400155205": "four", "572a0bf96aef051400155206": "Type I hypersensitivity", "572a0bf96aef051400155207": "IgE,", "572a0bf96aef051400155208": "Type II", "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4a8": "", "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4a9": "", "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4aa": "", "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4ab": "", "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4ac": "", "572a0ce11d046914007796fd": "intracellular pathogenesis).", "572a0ce11d046914007796fe": "Salmonella", "572a0ce11d046914007796ff": "(Plasmodium falciparum)", "572a0ce11d04691400779700": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis,", "572a0ce11d04691400779701": "(protein A", "5ad4f7895b96ef001a10a7f0": "", "5ad4f7895b96ef001a10a7f1": "", "5ad4f7895b96ef001a10a7f2": "", "5ad4f7895b96ef001a10a7f3": "", "5ad4f7895b96ef001a10a7f4": "", "572a0e4b6aef051400155214": "antigenic variation.", "572a0e4b6aef051400155215": "HIV,", "572a0e4b6aef051400155216": "", "572a0e4b6aef051400155217": "antigens", "5ad4f8255b96ef001a10a80e": "", "5ad4f8255b96ef001a10a80f": "", "5ad4f8255b96ef001a10a810": "", "5ad4f8255b96ef001a10a811": "", "5ad4f8255b96ef001a10a812": "", "572a0f073f37b3190047867f": "immune surveillance.", "572a0f073f37b31900478680": "papillomavirus,", "572a0f073f37b31900478681": "tyrosinase", "572a0f073f37b31900478682": "melanomas.", "572a0f073f37b31900478683": "melanocytes)", "5ad4e4425b96ef001a10a572": "", "5ad4e4425b96ef001a10a573": "", "5ad4e4425b96ef001a10a574": "", "5ad4e4425b96ef001a10a575": "", "5ad4e4425b96ef001a10a576": "", "572a10cd6aef051400155222": "(>500 Da)", "572a10cd6aef051400155223": "hydrophilic", "572a10cd6aef051400155224": "Immunoproteomics", "572a10cd6aef051400155225": "B cells.", "572a10cd6aef051400155226": "immunoinformatics.", "5ad4f3a25b96ef001a10a758": "", "5ad4f3a25b96ef001a10a759": "", "5ad4f3a25b96ef001a10a75a": "", "5ad4f3a25b96ef001a10a75b": "hydrophobic amino acids;", "5ad4f3a25b96ef001a10a75c": "", "572a12386aef051400155234": "leptin, pituitary growth hormone, and prolactin.", "572a12386aef051400155235": "APCs", "572a12386aef051400155236": "Th1,", "572a12386aef051400155237": "", "5ad4eb355b96ef001a10a64c": "", "5ad4eb355b96ef001a10a64d": "hormones leptin, pituitary growth hormone, and prolactin.", "5ad4eb355b96ef001a10a64e": "", "5ad4eb355b96ef001a10a64f": "", "5ad4eb355b96ef001a10a650": "", "572a135daf94a219006aa79f": "unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a0": "defensins,", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a1": "vaccination.", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a2": "", "5ad49d30ba00c4001a268dd4": "", "5ad49d30ba00c4001a268dd5": "", "5ad49d30ba00c4001a268dd6": "", "5ad49d30ba00c4001a268dd7": "", "5ad49d30ba00c4001a268dd8": "", "572a142e3f37b319004786b9": "carbohydrates", "572a142e3f37b319004786ba": "signal amplification", "572a142e3f37b319004786bb": "catalytic", "572a142e3f37b319004786bc": "by disrupting their plasma membrane.", "5ad4c6775b96ef001a10a010": "", "5ad4c6775b96ef001a10a011": "", "5ad4c6775b96ef001a10a012": "", "5ad4c6775b96ef001a10a013": "protease activity,", "5ad4c6775b96ef001a10a014": "", "57293b843f37b31900478133": "United Nations,", "57293b843f37b31900478134": "World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP),", "57293b843f37b31900478135": "greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere", "57293b843f37b31900478136": "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change", "57293b843f37b31900478137": "Resolution 43/53.", "5a3e2a95378766001a0024af": "", "5a3e2a95378766001a0024b0": "United Nations", "5a3e2a95378766001a0024b1": "", "5a3e2a95378766001a0024b2": "", "5a3e2a95378766001a0024b3": "", "57293bc91d0469140077919b": "Hoesung Lee", "57293bc91d0469140077919c": "Korean", "57293bc91d0469140077919d": "Ismail El Gizouli,", "57293bc91d0469140077919e": "Rajendra K. Pachauri,", "57293bc91d0469140077919f": "February 2015.", "5a3e2ba4378766001a0024b9": "", "5a3e2ba4378766001a0024ba": "", "5a3e2ba4378766001a0024bb": "", "5a3e2ba4378766001a0024bc": "", "5a3e2ba4378766001a0024bd": "", "57293c246aef051400154bb8": "representatives appointed by governments and organizations.", "57293c246aef051400154bb9": "322", "57293c246aef051400154bba": "", "57293c246aef051400154bbb": "seven-eighths", "5a3e2dc0378766001a0024c3": "", "5a3e2dc0378766001a0024c4": "", "5a3e2dc0378766001a0024c5": "", "5a3e2dc0378766001a0024c6": "", "5a3e2dc0378766001a0024c7": "", "57293ca73f37b3190047815b": "1989", "57293ca73f37b3190047815c": "United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO),", "57293ca73f37b3190047815d": "", "57293ca73f37b3190047815e": "", "57293ca73f37b3190047815f": "Financial Regulations and Rules of the WMO.", "5a3e2f07378766001a0024cd": "", "5a3e2f07378766001a0024ce": "", "5a3e2f07378766001a0024cf": "", "5a3e2f07378766001a0024d0": "the WMO, by UNEP, and by IPCC Members;", "5a3e2f07378766001a0024d1": "", "57293d116aef051400154bc8": "carry out research nor does it monitor climate related data.", "57293d116aef051400154bc9": "published sources.", "57293d116aef051400154bca": "non-peer-reviewed sources", "57293d116aef051400154bcb": "model results, reports from government agencies and non-governmental organizations, and industry journals.", "5a3e307f378766001a0024d7": "", "5a3e307f378766001a0024d8": "", "5a3e307f378766001a0024d9": "IPCC guidelines,", "5a3e307f378766001a0024da": "", "5a3e307f378766001a0024db": "", "57293d6d1d046914007791b7": "two", "57293d6d1d046914007791b8": "ten to fifteen", "57293d6d1d046914007791b9": "", "57293d6d1d046914007791ba": "coordinating lead authors", "57293d6d1d046914007791bb": "the Working Group chairs.", "5a3e488b378766001a00253b": "", "5a3e488b378766001a00253c": "two", "5a3e488b378766001a00253d": "", "5a3e488b378766001a00253e": "", "5a3e488b378766001a00253f": "", "57293e221d046914007791d5": "substantially increasing the atmospheric concentrations", "57293e221d046914007791d6": "warming", "57293e221d046914007791d7": "over half", "57293e221d046914007791d8": "", "57293e221d046914007791d9": "0.3 to 0.6 \u00b0C", "5a3e3405378766001a0024e1": "", "5a3e3405378766001a0024e2": "", "5a3e3405378766001a0024e3": "", "5a3e3405378766001a0024e4": "", "5a3e3405378766001a0024e5": "The unequivocal detection of the enhanced greenhouse effect is not likely for a decade or more.", "57293e983f37b3190047818b": "2001,", "57293e983f37b3190047818c": "16", "57293e983f37b3190047818d": "Science,", "57293e983f37b3190047818e": "90%", "57293e983f37b3190047818f": "between 1.4 and 5.8 \u00b0C above 1990 levels", "5a3e3614378766001a0024eb": "", "5a3e3614378766001a0024ec": "Royal Society", "5a3e3614378766001a0024ed": "Science,", "5a3e3614378766001a0024ee": "", "5a3e3614378766001a0024ef": "", "57293f353f37b3190047819b": "Richard Lindzen", "57293f353f37b3190047819c": "does not faithfully summarize the full WGI report.", "57293f353f37b3190047819d": "John Houghton,", "57293f353f37b3190047819e": "co-chair of TAR WGI,", "57293f353f37b3190047819f": "scientific evidence.", "5a3e3752378766001a0024f5": "", "5a3e3752378766001a0024f6": "", "5a3e3752378766001a0024f7": "", "5a3e3752378766001a0024f8": "", "5a3e3752378766001a0024f9": "(SP", "57293f8a6aef051400154bde": "The preparation and approval process for all IPCC Special Reports follows the same procedures as for IPCC Assessment Reports.", "57293f8a6aef051400154bdf": "2011", "57293f8a6aef051400154be0": "2011", "57293f8a6aef051400154be1": "Both Special Reports were requested by governments.", "5a3e3907378766001a0024ff": "", "5a3e3907378766001a002500": "", "5a3e3907378766001a002501": "", "5a3e3907378766001a002502": "", "5a3e3907378766001a002503": "", "572940246aef051400154bec": "Data Distribution Centre and the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme,", "572940246aef051400154bed": "default emission factors,", "572940246aef051400154bee": "fuel consumption, industrial production and so on.", "572940246aef051400154bef": "WMO Executive Council and UNEP Governing Council", "5a3e3aa9378766001a002509": "", "5a3e3aa9378766001a00250a": "", "5a3e3aa9378766001a00250b": "", "5a3e3aa9378766001a00250c": "", "5a3e3aa9378766001a00250d": "", "572940973f37b319004781a5": "the date", "572940973f37b319004781a6": "\"the poor application of well-established IPCC procedures", "572940973f37b319004781a7": "the WWF report, which has misquoted its own source,", "572940973f37b319004781a8": "WWF", "5a3e495c378766001a002545": "", "5a3e495c378766001a002547": "", "5a3e495c378766001a002548": "", "5a3e495c378766001a002549": "", "572941273f37b319004781ad": "chairman", "572941273f37b319004781ae": "making it seem like climate change is more serious by overstating the impact.", "572941273f37b319004781af": "a climate expert who had been co-chair of the IPCC working group II,", "572941273f37b319004781b0": "", "572941273f37b319004781b1": "\"generally unfounded and also marginal to the assessment\".", "5a3e3de4378766001a002513": "Former IPCC chairman Robert Watson", "5a3e3de4378766001a002514": "The IPCC", "5a3e3de4378766001a002515": "", "5a3e3de4378766001a002516": "Himalayan glaciers", "5a3e3de4378766001a002517": "", "57294209af94a219006aa201": "1999", "57294209af94a219006aa202": "Michael E. Mann, Raymond S. Bradley and Malcolm K. Hughes", "57294209af94a219006aa203": "\"hockey stick graph\".", "57294209af94a219006aa204": "Jones et al. 1998, Pollack, Huang & Shen 1998, Crowley & Lowery 2000 and Briffa 2000,", "5a3e40d1378766001a00251d": "", "5a3e40d1378766001a00251e": "", "5a3e40d1378766001a00251f": "", "5a3e40d1378766001a002520": "", "5a3e40d1378766001a002521": "", "57294279af94a219006aa209": "1000 and 1900,", "57294279af94a219006aa20a": "Fred Singer's", "57294279af94a219006aa20b": "Capitol Hill, Washington, D.C.,", "57294279af94a219006aa20c": "18 July 2000.", "57294279af94a219006aa20d": "Commerce, Science and Transportation", "5a3e42de378766001a002527": "1000 and 1900,", "5a3e42de378766001a002528": "", "5a3e42de378766001a002529": "", "5a3e42de378766001a00252a": "", "5a3e42de378766001a00252b": "", "572943ab1d04691400779219": "Joe Barton,", "572943ab1d0469140077921a": "Ed Whitfield,", "572943ab1d0469140077921b": "23 June 2005,", "572943ab1d0469140077921c": "Sherwood Boehlert,", "572943ab1d0469140077921d": "Sherwood Boehlert,", "5a3e44ea378766001a002531": "Mann, Bradley and Hughes.", "5a3e44ea378766001a002532": "", "5a3e44ea378766001a002533": "", "5a3e44ea378766001a002534": "", "5a3e44ea378766001a002535": "", "572944e03f37b319004781e1": "2007", "572944e03f37b319004781e2": "", "572944e03f37b319004781e3": "14", "572944e03f37b319004781e4": "Ten", "572944e03f37b319004781e5": "divergence problem", "5a3e582e378766001a00259f": "", "5a3e582e378766001a0025a0": "", "5a3e582e378766001a0025a1": "", "5a3e582e378766001a0025a2": "", "5a3e582e378766001a0025a3": "", "572945b11d0469140077922f": "1 February 2007,", "572945b11d04691400779230": "the actual temperature rise was near the top end of the range given by IPCC's 2001 projection, and the actual sea level rise was above the top of the range of the IPCC projection.", "572945b11d04691400779231": "near the top end of the range", "572945b11d04691400779232": "the actual sea level rise was above the top of the range of the IPCC projection.", "5a3e5697378766001a002595": "", "5a3e5697378766001a002596": "six", "5a3e5697378766001a002597": "", "5a3e5697378766001a002598": "IPCC's 2001 projection,", "5a3e5697378766001a002599": "", "572949306aef051400154c68": "rises in sea levels.", "572949306aef051400154c69": "9\u201388 cm", "572949306aef051400154c6a": "0.5\u20131.4 m", "572949306aef051400154c6b": "2001\".", "5a3e4a34378766001a00254f": "", "5a3e4a34378766001a002550": "9\u201388 cm", "5a3e4a34378766001a002551": "", "5a3e4a34378766001a002552": "", "5a3e4a34378766001a002553": "", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26b": "coordinating lead author", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26c": "Science Magazine's", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26d": "smaller assessments of special problems", "5a3e4c01378766001a002559": "", "5a3e4c01378766001a00255a": "2008-2009", "5a3e4c01378766001a00255b": "", "5a3e4c01378766001a00255c": "", "5a3e4c01378766001a00255d": "", "57294e6b1d04691400779275": "global regulation based on the Montreal Protocol", "57294e6b1d04691400779276": "", 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"5a3e51b6378766001a002584": "", "5a3e51b6378766001a002585": "", "572951f16aef051400154cce": "five", "572951f16aef051400154ccf": "Nature", "572951f16aef051400154cd0": "tightening the selection of lead authors and contributors,", "572951f16aef051400154cd1": "employ a full-time staff and remove government oversight", "5a3e539a378766001a00258b": "", "5a3e539a378766001a00258c": "", "5a3e539a378766001a00258d": "", "5a3e539a378766001a00258e": "", "5a3e539a378766001a00258f": "", "57296d571d04691400779413": "", "57296d571d04691400779414": "", "57296d571d04691400779415": "The fundamental theorem of arithmetic", "57296d571d04691400779416": "primes", "57296d571d04691400779417": "one can include arbitrarily many instances of 1 in any factorization,", "5a89117e19b91f001a626f2d": "", "5a89117e19b91f001a626f2e": "composite", "5a89117e19b91f001a626f2f": "", "5a89117e19b91f001a626f30": "", "5a89117e19b91f001a626f31": "", "57296f293f37b319004783a3": "primality.", "57296f293f37b319004783a4": "trial division.", "57296f293f37b319004783a5": "Miller\u2013Rabin primality test,", "57296f293f37b319004783a6": "AKS primality test,", "57296f293f37b319004783a7": "22,338,618", "5a89128d3b2508001a72a494": "", "5a89128d3b2508001a72a495": "", "5a89128d3b2508001a72a496": "", "5a89128d3b2508001a72a497": "", "5a89128d3b2508001a72a498": "22,338,618", "572970c11d04691400779463": "infinitely", "572970c11d04691400779464": "", "572970c11d04691400779465": "statistical", "572970c11d04691400779466": "the prime number theorem,", "572970c11d04691400779467": "end of the 19th century,", "5a8913713b2508001a72a49e": "", "5a8913713b2508001a72a49f": "", "5a8913713b2508001a72a4a0": "", "5a8913713b2508001a72a4a1": "", "5a8913713b2508001a72a4a2": "", "5729727baf94a219006aa437": "Goldbach's conjecture", "5729727baf94a219006aa438": "", "5729727baf94a219006aa439": "algebraic", "5729727baf94a219006aa43a": "public-key cryptography,", "5729727baf94a219006aa43b": "", "5a89150d3b2508001a72a4a8": "Goldbach's conjecture", "5a89150d3b2508001a72a4a9": "", "5a89150d3b2508001a72a4aa": "algebraic", "5a89150d3b2508001a72a4ab": "public-key cryptography,", "5a89150d3b2508001a72a4ac": "", "572973f76aef051400154f0a": "", "572973f76aef051400154f0b": "1, 2, and n.", "572973f76aef051400154f0c": "odd prime", "572973f76aef051400154f0d": "9,", "572973f76aef051400154f0e": "even numbers", "5a8917433b2508001a72a4b2": "", "5a8917433b2508001a72a4b3": "", "5a8917433b2508001a72a4b4": "", "5a8917433b2508001a72a4b5": "9,", "5a8917433b2508001a72a4b6": "", "57297547af94a219006aa45b": "", "57297547af94a219006aa45c": "Christian Goldbach", "57297547af94a219006aa45d": "Leonhard Euler -- who", "57297547af94a219006aa45e": "10,006,721,", "57297547af94a219006aa45f": "", "5a8919843b2508001a72a4bc": "", "5a8919843b2508001a72a4bd": "", "5a8919843b2508001a72a4be": "", "5a8919843b2508001a72a4bf": "", "5a8919843b2508001a72a4c0": "", "57297781af94a219006aa4a3": "the sieve of Eratosthenes", "57297781af94a219006aa4a4": "if 1 were considered a prime:", "57297781af94a219006aa4a5": "the sum of divisors", "57297781af94a219006aa4a6": "the sum of divisors function.", "57297781af94a219006aa4a7": "only the single number 1.", "5a8923a23b2508001a72a4c6": "", "5a8923a23b2508001a72a4c7": "", "5a8923a23b2508001a72a4c8": "", "5a8923a23b2508001a72a4c9": "", "5a8923a23b2508001a72a4ca": "", "572978f91d046914007794d3": "Rhind", "572978f91d046914007794d4": "Ancient Greeks.", "572978f91d046914007794d5": "Euclid's Elements", "572978f91d046914007794d6": "Euclid", "572978f91d046914007794d7": "compute primes,", "5a8925e53b2508001a72a4d0": "", "5a8925e53b2508001a72a4d1": "", "5a8925e53b2508001a72a4d2": "", "5a8925e53b2508001a72a4d3": "", "5a8925e53b2508001a72a4d4": "", "57297a276aef051400154f88": "1640", "57297a276aef051400154f89": "Euler).", "57297a276aef051400154f8a": "22n + 1", "57297a276aef051400154f8b": "he verified this up to n = 4", "57297a276aef051400154f8c": "2p \u2212 1, with p a prime.", "5a8929e43b2508001a72a4da": "", "5a8929e43b2508001a72a4db": "", "5a8929e43b2508001a72a4dc": "", "5a8929e43b2508001a72a4dd": "", "5a8929e43b2508001a72a4de": "", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c7": "trial division.", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c8": "if a complete list of primes up to is known\u2014then", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c9": "1", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4ca": "the square root of n.", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4cb": "three divisions", "5a892b473b2508001a72a4e4": "trial division.", "5a892b473b2508001a72a4e5": "if a complete list of primes up to is known\u2014then", "5a892b473b2508001a72a4e6": "equal to the square root of n.", "5a892b473b2508001a72a4e7": "", "5a892b473b2508001a72a4e8": "three divisions", "57297d421d046914007794e5": "", "57297d421d046914007794e6": "probabilistic", "57297d421d046914007794e7": "deterministic algorithms.", "57297d421d046914007794e8": "deterministic", "57297d421d046914007794e9": "1/(1-p)n,", "5a892d303b2508001a72a4ee": "", "5a892d303b2508001a72a4ef": "\"Monte Carlo\")", "5a892d303b2508001a72a4f0": "deterministic algorithms.", "5a892d303b2508001a72a4f1": "", "5a892d303b2508001a72a4f2": "1/(1-p)n,", "57297ed93f37b3190047845f": "Fermat primality test,", "57297ed93f37b31900478460": "(Fermat's little theorem) that np\u2261n (mod p) for any n if p is a prime number.", "57297ed93f37b31900478461": "composite numbers (the Carmichael numbers)", "57297ed93f37b31900478462": "Baillie-PSW, Miller-Rabin, and Solovay-Strassen tests,", "57297ed93f37b31900478463": "Baillie-PSW, Miller-Rabin, and Solovay-Strassen tests,", "5a892e8e3b2508001a72a4f8": "", "5a892e8e3b2508001a72a4f9": "", "5a892e8e3b2508001a72a4fa": "composite numbers", "5a892e8e3b2508001a72a4fb": "", "5a892e8e3b2508001a72a4fc": "", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d1": "2p + 1 with p prime),", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d2": "2p \u2212 1,", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d3": "The Lucas\u2013Lehmer", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d4": "Sophie Germain primes", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d5": "Sophie Germain primes", "5a8930573b2508001a72a502": "", "5a8930573b2508001a72a503": "", "5a8930573b2508001a72a504": "The Lucas\u2013Lehmer test", "5a8930573b2508001a72a505": "", "5a8930573b2508001a72a506": "", "572982e66aef051400154f92": "distributed computing.", "572982e66aef051400154f93": "", "572982e66aef051400154f94": "US$100,000", "572982e66aef051400154f95": "The Electronic Frontier Foundation", "572982e76aef051400154f96": "[256kn + 1, 256k(n + 1) \u2212 1].[citation", "5a89320b3b2508001a72a50c": "", "5a89320b3b2508001a72a50d": "", "5a89320b3b2508001a72a50e": "", "5a89320b3b2508001a72a50f": "", "5a89320b3b2508001a72a510": "[256kn + 1, 256k(n + 1) \u2212 1].[citation", "572985011d04691400779501": "floor function,", "572985011d04691400779502": "Chebyshev),", "572985011d04691400779503": "n > 3.", "572985011d04691400779504": "", "572985011d04691400779505": "Wilson's theorem", "5a8933ed3b2508001a72a516": "", "5a8933ed3b2508001a72a517": "Chebyshev),", "5a8933ed3b2508001a72a518": "", "5a8933ed3b2508001a72a519": "", "5a8933ed3b2508001a72a51a": "Wilson's theorem", "572987e46aef051400154fa2": "their greatest common divisor is one.", "572987e46aef051400154fa3": "Dirichlet's theorem", "572987e46aef051400154fa4": "1/6.", "572987e46aef051400154fa5": "one prime number.", "572987e46aef051400154fa6": "infinitely many prime numbers.", "5a89357c3b2508001a72a520": "", "5a89357c3b2508001a72a521": "", "5a89357c3b2508001a72a522": "", "5a89357c3b2508001a72a523": "", "5a89357c3b2508001a72a524": "", "572989846aef051400154fc0": "The zeta function", "572989846aef051400154fc1": "finite", "572989846aef051400154fc2": "harmonic series 1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + ... diverges", "572989846aef051400154fc3": "exceeds any given number),", "572989846aef051400154fc4": "modern algebraic number theory", "5a8937553b2508001a72a52a": "", "5a8937553b2508001a72a52b": "", "5a8937553b2508001a72a52c": "", "5a8937553b2508001a72a52d": "", "5a8937553b2508001a72a52e": "", "57298ef11d0469140077952d": "1859,", "57298ef11d0469140077952e": "\u22122, \u22124, ...,", "57298ef11d0469140077952f": "", "57298ef11d04691400779530": "asymptotic distribution", "57298ef11d04691400779531": "asymptotic distribution", "5a89392f3b2508001a72a534": "", "5a89392f3b2508001a72a535": "\u22122, \u22124, ...,", "5a89392f3b2508001a72a536": "", "5a89392f3b2508001a72a537": "", "5a89392f3b2508001a72a538": "", "57299021af94a219006aa50b": "1912", "57299021af94a219006aa50c": "Goldbach's conjecture,", "57299021af94a219006aa50d": "all numbers up to n = 2 \u00b7 1017.", "57299021af94a219006aa50e": "Vinogradov's theorem", "57299021af94a219006aa50f": "Chen's theorem", "5a893a003b2508001a72a53e": "", "5a893a003b2508001a72a53f": "Goldbach's conjecture,", "5a893a003b2508001a72a540": "", "5a893a003b2508001a72a541": "Vinogradov's theorem", "5a893a003b2508001a72a542": "Chen's theorem", "572991943f37b319004784a1": "(twin prime conjecture).", "572991943f37b319004784a2": "pairs of primes with difference 2", "572991943f37b319004784a3": "Polignac's conjecture", "572991943f37b319004784a4": "n2 + 1.", "572991943f37b319004784a5": "Brocard's conjecture", "5a893bd73b2508001a72a548": "", "5a893bd73b2508001a72a549": "", "5a893bd73b2508001a72a54a": "", "5a893bd73b2508001a72a54b": "", "5a893bd73b2508001a72a54c": "", "57299326af94a219006aa515": "number theory", "57299326af94a219006aa516": "G. H. Hardy", "57299326af94a219006aa517": "1970s,", "57299326af94a219006aa518": "hash tables and pseudorandom number generators.", "57299326af94a219006aa519": "pseudorandom", "5a893ce63b2508001a72a552": "", "5a893ce63b2508001a72a553": "", "5a893ce63b2508001a72a554": "", "5a893ce63b2508001a72a555": "", "5a893ce63b2508001a72a556": "", "572995d46aef051400154fe8": "recurring decimal,", "572995d46aef051400154fe9": "p \u2212 1 or a divisor of p \u2212 1.", "572995d46aef051400154fea": "(p \u2212 1)! + 1", "572995d46aef051400154feb": "(n \u2212 1)!", "572995d46aef051400154fec": "p is not a prime factor of q.", "5a8940ba3b2508001a72a55c": "", "5a8940ba3b2508001a72a55d": "", "5a8940ba3b2508001a72a55e": "", "5a8940ba3b2508001a72a55f": "(n \u2212 1)!", "5a8940ba3b2508001a72a560": "", "572996c73f37b319004784b3": "RSA", "572996c73f37b319004784b4": "Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange,", "572996c73f37b319004784b5": "512-bit", "572996c73f37b319004784b6": "modular", "572996c73f37b319004784b7": "1024-bit", "5a8942233b2508001a72a566": "", "5a8942233b2508001a72a567": "", "5a8942233b2508001a72a568": "512-bit", "5a8942233b2508001a72a569": "", "5a8942233b2508001a72a56a": "1024-bit", "572998673f37b319004784d5": "cicadas", "572998673f37b319004784d6": "underground.", "572998673f37b319004784d7": "17 years,", "572998673f37b319004784d8": "the prime number intervals between emergences make it very difficult for predators to evolve that could specialize as predators on Magicicadas.", "572998673f37b319004784d9": "up to 2%", "5a8943753b2508001a72a570": "cicadas", "5a8943753b2508001a72a571": "", "5a8943753b2508001a72a572": "", "5a8943753b2508001a72a573": "", "5a8943753b2508001a72a574": "up to 2%", "57299a6f6aef051400155016": "minimality or indecomposability,", "57299a6f6aef051400155017": "the smallest subfield", "57299a6f6aef051400155018": "it cannot be written as the knot sum of two nontrivial knots.", "57299a6f6aef051400155019": "as a connected sum of prime knots.", "57299a6f6aef05140015501a": "any object can be, essentially uniquely, decomposed into its prime components.", "5a8944653b2508001a72a57a": "", "5a8944653b2508001a72a57b": "", "5a8944653b2508001a72a57c": "", "5a8944653b2508001a72a57d": "", "5a8944653b2508001a72a57e": "", "57299c2c6aef051400155020": "commutative ring R,", "57299c2c6aef051400155021": "prime elements", "57299c2c6aef051400155022": "irreducible elements.", "57299c2c6aef051400155023": "neither zero nor a unit (i.e., does not have a multiplicative inverse) and satisfies the following requirement: given x and y in R such that p divides the product xy, then p divides x or y.", "57299c2c6aef051400155024": "it is not a unit and cannot be written as a product of two ring elements that are not units.", "5a8945a43b2508001a72a584": "", "5a8945a43b2508001a72a585": "", "5a8945a43b2508001a72a586": "", "5a8945a43b2508001a72a587": "", "5a8945a43b2508001a72a588": "", "57299d1c1d04691400779581": "The fundamental theorem of arithmetic", "57299d1c1d04691400779582": "Gaussian integers Z[i],", "57299d1c1d04691400779583": "a + bi", "57299d1c1d04691400779584": "arbitrary integers.", "57299d1c1d04691400779585": "", "5a89464f3b2508001a72a58e": "", "5a89464f3b2508001a72a58f": "", "5a89464f3b2508001a72a590": "", "5a89464f3b2508001a72a591": "", "5a89464f3b2508001a72a592": "4k + 3", "57299ec43f37b3190047850d": "ring theory,", "57299ec43f37b3190047850e": "Prime ideals,", "57299ec43f37b3190047850f": "algebraic", "57299ec43f37b31900478510": "expresses every ideal in a Noetherian commutative ring as an intersection of primary ideals,", "57299ec43f37b31900478511": "Noetherian", "5a89473c3b2508001a72a598": "", "5a89473c3b2508001a72a599": "", "5a89473c3b2508001a72a59a": "", "5a89473c3b2508001a72a59b": "", "5a89473c3b2508001a72a59c": "", "5729a03f1d04691400779593": "Prime ideals", "5729a03f1d04691400779594": "", "5729a03f1d04691400779595": "the ring of integers of quadratic number fields", "5729a03f1d04691400779596": "solvability of quadratic equations", "5a8949463b2508001a72a5a2": "", "5a8949463b2508001a72a5a3": "", "5a8949463b2508001a72a5a4": "", "5a8949463b2508001a72a5a5": "", "5a8949463b2508001a72a5a6": "", "5729a26d6aef05140015505a": "this norm gets smaller", "5729a26d6aef05140015505b": "completed (or local) fields.", "5729a26d6aef05140015505c": "the absolute value", "5729a26d6aef05140015505d": "local-global principle", "5a894a483b2508001a72a5ac": "", "5a894a483b2508001a72a5ad": "completed (or local) fields.", "5a894a483b2508001a72a5ae": "", "5a894a483b2508001a72a5af": "", "5a894a483b2508001a72a5b0": "", "5729a3716aef05140015506a": "Olivier Messiaen", "5729a3716aef05140015506b": "La Nativit\u00e9 du Seigneur", "5729a3716aef05140015506c": "Quatre \u00e9tudes de rythme", "5729a3716aef05140015506d": "third", "5729a3716aef05140015506e": "the movements of nature,", "5a894b333b2508001a72a5b6": "Olivier Messiaen", "5a894b333b2508001a72a5b7": "", "5a894b333b2508001a72a5b8": "", "5a894b333b2508001a72a5b9": "", "5a894b333b2508001a72a5ba": "", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55c": "", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55d": "Cologne,", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55e": "", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55f": "1,230 km (760 mi),[note", "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e37": "Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden in the southeastern Swiss Alps,", "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3a": "", "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3b": "1,230 km (760 mi),[note", "5ad25e17d7d075001a428f12": "", "5ad25e17d7d075001a428f13": "", "5ad25e17d7d075001a428f14": "", "5ad25e17d7d075001a428f15": "", "5ad25e17d7d075001a428f16": "", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56b": "Gaulish name R\u0113nos,", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56c": "Rhin", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56d": "*R\u012bnaz,", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56e": "(1st century BC)", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad7": "R\u0113nos,", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad8": "Rhin", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad9": "*R\u012bnaz,", "572fe288a23a5019007fcada": "Rijn", "572fe288a23a5019007fcadb": "Rhijn)).", "5ad262fbd7d075001a4290dc": "", "5ad262fbd7d075001a4290dd": "", "5ad262fbd7d075001a4290de": "", "5ad262fbd7d075001a4290df": "", "572f567cb2c2fd140056803f": "\"Rhine-kilometers\"", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568040": "1939", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568041": "Old Rhine Bridge at Constance", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568042": "Hoek van Holland", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568043": "canalisation projects", "572fe393947a6a140053cdba": "\"Rhine-kilometers\"", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbb": "1939", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbc": "Old Rhine Bridge at Constance", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbd": "Hoek van Holland", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbe": "canalisation projects completed in the 19th and 20th century.[note 7]", "5ad2649ad7d075001a429160": "(0 km)", "5ad2649ad7d075001a429161": "", "5ad2649ad7d075001a429162": "", "5ad2649ad7d075001a429163": "", "5ad2649ad7d075001a429164": "", "572f5703a23a5019007fc573": "north", "572f5703a23a5019007fc574": "nearly 86 km long,", "572f5703a23a5019007fc575": "Rhine Valley", "572f5703a23a5019007fc576": "", "572f5703a23a5019007fc577": "Liechtenstein", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4b": "near Chur.", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4c": "86 km long,", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4d": "396 m.", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4e": "the Rhine Valley", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4f": "", "5ad2660dd7d075001a4291d8": "", "5ad2660dd7d075001a4291d9": "", "5ad2660dd7d075001a4291da": "", "5ad2660dd7d075001a4291db": "", "5ad2660dd7d075001a4291dc": "", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686d": "Lake Constance", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686e": "the Alter Rhein", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686f": "a modern canalized section.", "572f57c704bcaa1900d76870": "\"I", "572f57c704bcaa1900d76871": "(\"Donkey\").", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e55": "Lake Constance", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e56": "a modern canalized section.", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e57": "the Alter Rhein", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e58": "", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e59": "", "5ad268a9d7d075001a42927e": "The mouth of the Rhine", "5ad268a9d7d075001a42927f": "", "5ad268a9d7d075001a429280": "", "5ad268a9d7d075001a429281": "", "5ad268a9d7d075001a429282": "", "572f5875947a6a140053c89a": "near Diepoldsau", "572f5875947a6a140053c89b": "Fu\u00dfach,", "572f5875947a6a140053c89c": "strong sedimentation", "572f5875947a6a140053c89d": "", "572f5875947a6a140053c89e": "", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e69": "Fu\u00dfach,", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6a": "near Diepoldsau", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6b": "in order to counteract the constant flooding and strong sedimentation in the western Rhine Delta.", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6c": "Dornbirner Ach", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6d": "continuous input of sediment", "5ad26aa8d7d075001a429320": "", "5ad26aa8d7d075001a429321": "", "5ad26aa8d7d075001a429322": "", "5ad26aa8d7d075001a429323": "", "5ad26aa8d7d075001a429324": "", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57d": "three", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57e": "Seerhein", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57f": "(\"upper lake\"),", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc580": "(\"lower lake\"),", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc581": "Swiss-Austrian border.", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858b": "three", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858c": "Austria", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858d": "the Alps.", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858e": "", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858f": "", "5ad26d27d7d075001a4293c0": "", "5ad26d27d7d075001a4293c1": "", "5ad26d27d7d075001a4293c2": "", "5ad26d27d7d075001a4293c3": "", "5ad26d27d7d075001a4293c4": "", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc587": "because of the greater density of cold water.", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc588": "", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc589": "Lindau.", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58a": "Lake \u00dcberlingen.", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58b": "", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e95": "", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e96": "", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e97": "Lake \u00dcberlingen.", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e98": "(\"Rhine Gutter\")", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e99": "water level,", "5ad26fafd7d075001a42942c": "", "5ad26fafd7d075001a42942d": "", "5ad26fafd7d075001a42942e": "", "5ad26fafd7d075001a42942f": "", "5ad26fafd7d075001a429430": "", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5af": "westward,", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b0": "Aare.", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b1": "more than doubles the Rhine's water discharge, to an average of nearly 1,000 m3/s (35,000 cu ft/s),", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b2": "Finsteraarhorn,", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b3": "Basel,", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde0": "westward,", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde1": "Aare.", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde2": "more than doubles the Rhine's water discharge,", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde3": "Finsteraarhorn,", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde4": "German-Swiss", "5ad2741ed7d075001a4294d4": "Aare. The Aare", "5ad2741ed7d075001a4294d5": "", "5ad2741ed7d075001a4294d6": "", "5ad2741ed7d075001a4294d7": "", "5ad2741ed7d075001a4294d8": "", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ea": "Basel,", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8eb": "\"Rhine knee\";", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ec": "the Central Bridge", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ed": "300 km long", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ee": "40 km", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf2": "Basel,", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf3": "\"Rhine knee\";", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf4": "North.", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf5": "High Rhine", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf6": "the Central Bridge", "5ad275c8d7d075001a429504": "", "5ad275c8d7d075001a429505": "", "5ad275c8d7d075001a429506": "", "5ad275c8d7d075001a429507": "", "5ad275c8d7d075001a429508": "", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b7": "19th Century.", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b8": "increased", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b9": "the ground water level fell significantly.", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680ba": "Grand Canal d'Alsace", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680bb": "large compensation pools,", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5b": "Upper Rhine region", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5c": "19th Century.", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5d": "increased", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5e": "fell", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5f": "Grand Canal d'Alsace", "5ad278add7d075001a429572": "", "5ad278add7d075001a429573": "", "5ad278add7d075001a429574": "", "5ad278add7d075001a429575": "", "5ad278add7d075001a429576": "", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cb": "The Rhine", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cc": "", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cd": "300 m3/s (11,000 cu ft/s).", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680ce": "Moselle;", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cf": "400 m (1,300 ft).", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef5": "Germany.", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef6": "Germany.", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef7": "", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef8": "France", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef9": "2,290 m3/s (81,000 cu ft/s)", "5ad27abcd7d075001a42962a": "", "5ad27abcd7d075001a42962b": "", "5ad27abcd7d075001a42962c": "", "5ad27abcd7d075001a42962d": "", "5ad27abcd7d075001a42962e": "", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5eb": "the Middle Rhine", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ec": "the Rhine Gorge,", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ed": "erosion.", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ee": "\"the Romantic Rhine\",", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76eff": "the Middle Rhine", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f00": "the Rhine Gorge,", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f02": "many castles and vineyards.", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f03": "\"the Romantic Rhine\",", "5ad27d5dd7d075001a4296bc": "(", "5ad27d5dd7d075001a4296bd": "", "5ad27d5dd7d075001a4296be": "", "5ad27d5dd7d075001a4296bf": "", "5ad27d5dd7d075001a4296c0": "", "572f6c85947a6a140053c940": "industry", "572f6c85947a6a140053c941": "along the Lower Rhine", "572f6c85947a6a140053c942": "Duisburg", "572f6c85947a6a140053c943": "The Ruhr,", "572f6c85947a6a140053c944": "drinking water.", "572ff293947a6a140053ce52": "", "572ff293947a6a140053ce53": "Lower Rhine", "572ff293947a6a140053ce54": "", "572ff293947a6a140053ce55": "Duisburg", "572ff293947a6a140053ce56": "The Ruhr,", "5ad27f33d7d075001a429752": "", "5ad27f33d7d075001a429753": "", "5ad27f33d7d075001a429754": "", "5ad27f33d7d075001a429755": "", "5ad27f33d7d075001a429756": "the Emscher,", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc621": "tourism.", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc622": "R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc623": "Lorelei.", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc624": "the Middle Rhine Valley", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce66": "tourism.", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce67": "UNESCO World Heritage Site.", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce68": "R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce69": "Lorelei.", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce6a": "Near Sankt Goarshausen,", "5ad28098d7d075001a4297b8": "", "5ad28098d7d075001a4297b9": "", "5ad28098d7d075001a4297ba": "", "5ad28098d7d075001a4297bb": "Lorelei.", "5ad28098d7d075001a4297bc": "", "572f7588947a6a140053c984": "", "572f7588947a6a140053c985": "Wesel-Datteln Canal,", "572f7588947a6a140053c986": "the Lippe.", "572f7588947a6a140053c987": "Emmerich Rhine Bridge,", "572f7588947a6a140053c988": "400 m", "572ff430a23a5019007fcba9": "The Lower Rhine", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbaa": "the Rhine-Ruhr region.", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbab": "(Duisport).", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbac": "Emmerich Rhine Bridge,", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbad": "400 m", "5ad28253d7d075001a429832": "", "5ad28253d7d075001a429833": "", "5ad28253d7d075001a429834": "", "5ad28253d7d075001a429835": "", "5ad28253d7d075001a429836": "", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568153": "Rijn", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568154": "the Meuse,", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568155": "Two thirds", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f24": "farther west,", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f25": "through the Waal and", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f26": "the Meuse,", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f27": "", "5ad2852ad7d075001a429892": "", "5ad2852ad7d075001a429893": "", "5ad2852ad7d075001a429894": "North Sea.", "5ad2852ad7d075001a429895": "", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a2": "", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a3": "Nederrijn.", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a4": "the Lek.", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a5": "the Noord River", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2d": "Pannerdens Kanaal", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2e": "Nederrijn.", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2f": "one ninth", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f30": "the Lek.", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f31": "Wijk bij Duurstede,", "5ad286b4d7d075001a4298f6": "", "5ad286b4d7d075001a4298f7": "", "5ad286b4d7d075001a4298f8": "", "5ad286b4d7d075001a4298f9": "", "5ad286b4d7d075001a4298fa": "", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568657": "", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568658": "draining the surrounding land and polders.", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568659": "Kromme Rijn", "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865a": "(\"Bent Rhine\")", "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865b": "Oude Rijn", "5ad28861d7d075001a42993e": "", "5ad28861d7d075001a42993f": "", "5ad28861d7d075001a429940": "", "5ad28861d7d075001a429941": "", "5ad28861d7d075001a429942": "", "572ff673b2c2fd1400568669": "Rhine-Meuse Delta,", "572ff673b2c2fd140056866a": "near Millingen aan de Rijn,", "572ff673b2c2fd140056866b": "Rhine Delta", "5ad28a54d7d075001a4299a6": "", "5ad28a54d7d075001a4299a7": "", "5ad28a54d7d075001a4299a8": "", "5ad28a54d7d075001a4299a9": "", "5ad28a54d7d075001a4299aa": "Scheldt", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f51": "Nederrijn at Angeren,", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f52": "three", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f53": "Boven Merwede", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f54": "(\"the Rip\")", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f55": "(\"Old Meuse\"),", "5ad28c93d7d075001a429a0e": "", "5ad28c93d7d075001a429a0f": "", "5ad28c93d7d075001a429a10": "", "5ad28c93d7d075001a429a11": "", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568681": "St. Elizabeth's flood", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568682": "(14", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568683": "just south of today's line Merwede-Oude Maas", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568684": "", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568685": "1421 to 1904,", "5ad28ea7d7d075001a429a50": "", "5ad28ea7d7d075001a429a51": "", "5ad28ea7d7d075001a429a52": "(14", "5ad28ea7d7d075001a429a53": "", "5ad28ea7d7d075001a429a54": "", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcd": "(\"dammed\")", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbce": "drainage channels", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcf": "The construction of Delta Works", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbd0": "second half of the 20th Century", "5ad2909bd7d075001a429a9e": "", "5ad2909bd7d075001a429a9f": "", "5ad2909bd7d075001a429aa0": "", "5ad2909bd7d075001a429aa1": "", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869b": "tidal delta,", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869c": "", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869d": "strong tidal currents could tear huge areas of land into the sea.", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869e": "Zaltbommel.", "5ad292f0d7d075001a429ad4": "", "5ad292f0d7d075001a429ad5": "", "5ad292f0d7d075001a429ad6": "", "5ad292f0d7d075001a429ad7": "", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbe9": "Tethys sea.", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbea": "Triassic Period", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbeb": "Jurassic Period,", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbec": "Mediterranean geography:", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbed": "Iberia", "5ad295d4d7d075001a429afa": "", "5ad295d4d7d075001a429afb": "", "5ad295d4d7d075001a429afc": "", "5ad295d4d7d075001a429afd": "", "5ad295d4d7d075001a429afe": "", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b7": "N\u2013S rift system", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b8": "", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b9": "Miocene,", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686ba": "", "5ad297dbd7d075001a429b2a": "", "5ad297dbd7d075001a429b2b": "", "5ad297dbd7d075001a429b2c": "", "5ad297dbd7d075001a429b2d": "", "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef0": "Through stream capture,", "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef1": "Pliocene", "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef2": "Vosges Mountains,", "5ad2990cd7d075001a429b5e": "", "5ad2990cd7d075001a429b5f": "Pliocene period,", "5ad2990cd7d075001a429b60": "", "5ad2990cd7d075001a429b61": "", "5ad2990cd7d075001a429b62": "", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc15": "Ice Ages.", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc16": "six", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc17": "120 m (390 ft)", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc18": "northwest,", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc19": "offshore of Brest, France", "5ad29b43d7d075001a429bca": "2.5 million years ago", "5ad29b43d7d075001a429bcb": "", "5ad29b43d7d075001a429bcc": "", "5ad29b43d7d075001a429bcd": "", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e5": "~74,000", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e6": "(~11,600 BP).", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e7": "west", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e8": "", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e9": "", "5ad29d35d7d075001a429c12": "", "5ad29d35d7d075001a429c13": "", "5ad29d35d7d075001a429c14": "", "5ad29d35d7d075001a429c15": "", "5ad29d35d7d075001a429c16": "", "572fff45947a6a140053cf26": "a glacier.", "572fff45947a6a140053cf27": "A tundra,", "572fff45947a6a140053cf28": "22,000\u201314,000 yr BP,", "572fff45947a6a140053cf29": "ice-sheets", "572fff45947a6a140053cf2a": "loess", "5ad29f7ed7d075001a429c72": "a glacier.", "5ad29f7ed7d075001a429c73": "", "5ad29f7ed7d075001a429c74": "", "5ad29f7ed7d075001a429c75": "", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76fef": "22,000 years ago", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff0": "thaw", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff1": "", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff2": "13,000 BP.", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff3": "9000 BP,", "5ad2a15ad7d075001a429cc8": "", "5ad2a15ad7d075001a429cc9": "", "5ad2a15ad7d075001a429cca": "", "5ad2a15ad7d075001a429ccb": "", "573003dd947a6a140053cf42": "7500 yr ago,", "573003dd947a6a140053cf43": "Rates of sea-level rise had dropped so far,", "573003dd947a6a140053cf44": "7000 years,", "573003dd947a6a140053cf45": "ongoing tectonic subsidence,", "573003dd947a6a140053cf46": "1\u20133 cm (0.39\u20131.18 in) per century", "5ad2a3b3d7d075001a429d5a": "", "5ad2a3b3d7d075001a429d5b": "", "5ad2a3b3d7d075001a429d5c": "", "5ad2a3b3d7d075001a429d5d": "", "5ad2a3b3d7d075001a429d5e": "", "5730042804bcaa1900d77011": "(~11,700 years ago),", "5730042804bcaa1900d77012": "Late-Glacial valley.", "5730042804bcaa1900d77013": "", "5730042804bcaa1900d77014": "(~8,000 years ago).", "5ad2a58bd7d075001a429dcc": "", "5ad2a58bd7d075001a429dcd": "", "5ad2a58bd7d075001a429dce": "", "5ad2a58bd7d075001a429dcf": "", "57300580b2c2fd140056874d": "~3000 yr BP", "57300580b2c2fd140056874e": "sediment load", "57300580b2c2fd140056874f": "flooding", "57300580b2c2fd1400568750": "80", "57300580b2c2fd1400568751": "", "5ad2a71ad7d075001a429e02": "~3000 yr BP", "5ad2a71ad7d075001a429e03": "", "5ad2a71ad7d075001a429e04": "", "5ad2a71ad7d075001a429e05": "", "5ad2a71ad7d075001a429e06": "", "5730069004bcaa1900d7702d": "the North Sea,", "5730069004bcaa1900d7702e": "the North Sea,", "5730069004bcaa1900d7702f": "to the north and enters the IJsselmeer,", "5730069004bcaa1900d77030": "a freshwater lake.", "5730069004bcaa1900d77031": "three", "5ad2a901d7d075001a429e28": "", "5ad2a901d7d075001a429e29": "", "5ad2a901d7d075001a429e2a": "", "5ad2a901d7d075001a429e2b": "", "5ad2a901d7d075001a429e2c": "", "57300761947a6a140053cf9a": "1st century BC", "57300761947a6a140053cf9b": "Germania.", "57300761947a6a140053cf9c": "6th century BC,", "57300761947a6a140053cf9d": "", "5ad2afe2d7d075001a429f1a": "", "5ad2afe2d7d075001a429f1b": "", "5ad2afe2d7d075001a429f1c": "", "5ad2afe2d7d075001a429f1d": "", "573007fab2c2fd140056876b": "AD 14", "573007fab2c2fd140056876c": "upper Danube.", "573007fab2c2fd140056876d": "until the empire fell.", "573007fab2c2fd140056876e": "easily", "573007fab2c2fd140056876f": "eastwards.", "5ad2b1e1d7d075001a429f68": "", "5ad2b1e1d7d075001a429f69": "", "5ad2b1e1d7d075001a429f6a": "", "5ad2b1e1d7d075001a429f6b": "", "5ad2b1e1d7d075001a429f6c": "Germanic", "57300888b2c2fd1400568775": "eight", "57300888b2c2fd1400568776": "whether a state or threat of war existed.", "57300888b2c2fd1400568777": "the army of Germania Inferior,", "57300888b2c2fd1400568778": "oppidum Ubiorum", "57300888b2c2fd1400568779": "(\"town of the Ubii\"),", "5ad2b3bcd7d075001a429fa4": "", "5ad2b3bcd7d075001a429fa5": "", "5ad2b3bcd7d075001a429fa6": "two legions", "5ad2b3bcd7d075001a429fa7": "", "5ad2b3bcd7d075001a429fa8": "", "57300911947a6a140053cfb6": "the Migration period,", "57300911947a6a140053cfb7": "", "57300911947a6a140053cfb8": "(\"dragons rock\"),", "57300911947a6a140053cfb9": "Siegfried", "57300911947a6a140053cfba": "Hagen.", "5ad2b5ddd7d075001a429ff2": "", "5ad2b5ddd7d075001a429ff3": "", "5ad2b5ddd7d075001a429ff4": "(\"dragons", "5ad2b5ddd7d075001a429ff5": "", "5ad2b5ddd7d075001a429ff6": "", "573009a004bcaa1900d7704f": "6th century,", "573009a004bcaa1900d77050": "10th century,", "573009a004bcaa1900d77051": "Lower Lorraine.", "573009a004bcaa1900d77052": "Archduke Sigismund of Austria", "573009a004bcaa1900d77053": "1469", "5ad2b72fd7d075001a42a022": "6th century,", "5ad2b72fd7d075001a42a023": "", "5ad2b72fd7d075001a42a024": "", "5ad2b72fd7d075001a42a025": "", "5ad2b72fd7d075001a42a026": "", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc97": "the Peace of Westphalia,", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc98": "Establishing \"natural borders\"", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc99": "Napoleon,", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9a": "1814,", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9b": "1840,", "5ad2b882d7d075001a42a040": "", "5ad2b882d7d075001a42a041": "", "5ad2b882d7d075001a42a042": "", "5ad2b882d7d075001a42a043": "", "5ad2b882d7d075001a42a044": "", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77063": "At the end of World War I,", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77064": "1930", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77065": "German army", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77066": "Adolf Hitler's rise to power.", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77067": "1936,", "5ad2ba09d7d075001a42a064": "", "5ad2ba09d7d075001a42a065": "1936,", "5ad2ba09d7d075001a42a066": "", "5ad2ba09d7d075001a42a067": "", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77087": "Arnhem,", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77088": "", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77089": "September 1944.", "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708a": "the Ludendorff Bridge,", "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708b": "Seven Days to the River Rhine", "5ad2bb5fd7d075001a42a080": "World War II,", "5ad2bb5fd7d075001a42a081": "", "5ad2bb5fd7d075001a42a082": "", "5ad2bb5fd7d075001a42a083": "", "5ad2bb5fd7d075001a42a084": "", "57300c67947a6a140053cff0": "1,230 kilometres", "57300c67947a6a140053cff1": "", "57300c67947a6a140053cff2": "1,320 kilometres (820 miles),", "57300c67947a6a140053cff3": "a typographical error.", "57300c68947a6a140053cff4": "2010,", "5ad2bcdfd7d075001a42a0ae": "", "5ad2bcdfd7d075001a42a0af": "", "5ad2bcdfd7d075001a42a0b0": "", "5ad2bcdfd7d075001a42a0b1": "", "5ad2bcdfd7d075001a42a0b2": "", "572fac17947a6a140053cb54": "1998,", "572fac17947a6a140053cb55": "the Scotland Act 1998,", "572fac17947a6a140053cb56": "the areas in which it can make laws", "572fac17947a6a140053cb57": "the Parliament of the United Kingdom.", "572fac17947a6a140053cb58": "Westminster.", "5ad0213377cf76001a686b0c": "", "5ad0213377cf76001a686b0d": "", "5ad0213377cf76001a686b0e": "", "5ad0213377cf76001a686b0f": "", "5ad0213377cf76001a686b10": "", "572facb0a23a5019007fc863": "lack of a Parliament of Scotland", "572facb0a23a5019007fc864": "three", "572facb0a23a5019007fc865": "outbreak of the First World War.", "572facb0a23a5019007fc866": "late 1960s", "572facb0a23a5019007fc867": "a directly elected Scottish Assembly", "5ad0225377cf76001a686b3e": "", "5ad0225377cf76001a686b3f": "", "5ad0225377cf76001a686b40": "", "5ad0225377cf76001a686b41": "", "5ad0225377cf76001a686b42": "", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86d": "North Sea", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86e": "\"It's Scotland's oil\"", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86f": "the revenues from the oil were not benefitting Scotland as much as they should.", "572fad30a23a5019007fc870": "1974.", "572fad30a23a5019007fc871": "1978", "5ad0247477cf76001a686b90": "", "5ad0247477cf76001a686b91": "", "5ad0247477cf76001a686b92": "", "5ad0247477cf76001a686b93": "", "572fadcbb2c2fd1400568329": "Edinburgh", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832a": "40%", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832b": "failed.", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832c": "51.6%", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832d": "32.9%", "5ad025df77cf76001a686ba2": "", "5ad025df77cf76001a686ba3": "", "5ad025df77cf76001a686ba4": "", "5ad025df77cf76001a686ba5": "", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76bdf": "a Scottish Parliament", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be0": "the Conservative Party,", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be1": "1989", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be2": "Scottish Constitutional Convention", "5ad026a777cf76001a686bc8": "", "5ad026a777cf76001a686bc9": "", "5ad026a777cf76001a686bca": "", "5ad026a777cf76001a686bcb": "", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568333": "Holyrood area of Edinburgh.", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568334": "Enric Miralles", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568335": "Spanish", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568336": "leaf-shaped", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568337": "Queen Elizabeth II", "5ad0278077cf76001a686be4": "", "5ad0278077cf76001a686be5": "", "5ad0278077cf76001a686be6": "", "5ad0278077cf76001a686be7": "", "5ad0278077cf76001a686be8": "", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568347": "General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568348": "in the courtyard adjoining the Assembly Hall,", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568349": "the meeting of the Church's General Assembly.", "572faf74b2c2fd140056834a": "the former Strathclyde Regional Council debating chamber in Glasgow,", "572faf74b2c2fd140056834b": "", "5ad0285977cf76001a686c0c": "", "5ad0285977cf76001a686c0d": "", "5ad0285977cf76001a686c0e": "", "5ad0285977cf76001a686c0f": "", "572fb059947a6a140053cb80": "City of Edinburgh Council.", "572fb059947a6a140053cb81": "Lothian Regional Council", "572fb059947a6a140053cb82": "demolished.", "572fb059947a6a140053cb83": "Parliament Square, High Street and George IV Bridge", "572fb059947a6a140053cb84": "former Midlothian County Buildings", "5ad0291f77cf76001a686c28": "", "5ad0291f77cf76001a686c29": "", "5ad0291f77cf76001a686c2a": "", "5ad0291f77cf76001a686c2b": "", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c15": "one MSP", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c16": "Tricia Marwick),", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c17": "secret", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c18": "129", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c19": "A vote clerk", "5ad02a9777cf76001a686c5e": "deputies", "5ad02a9777cf76001a686c5f": "", "5ad02a9777cf76001a686c60": "vote clerk", "5ad02a9777cf76001a686c61": "", "5ad02a9777cf76001a686c62": "", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f7": "the Presiding Officer", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f8": "Parliamentary Bureau,", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f9": "", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8fa": "The Presiding Officer", "5ad02bef77cf76001a686ca2": "Parliamentary Bureau,", "5ad02bef77cf76001a686ca3": "", "5ad02bef77cf76001a686ca4": "", "5ad02bef77cf76001a686ca5": "", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5b": "a hemicycle,", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5c": "which reflects the desire to encourage consensus amongst elected members.", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5d": "131", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5e": "", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5f": "cannot vote.", "5ad02cfc77cf76001a686ce2": "", "5ad02cfc77cf76001a686ce3": "", "5ad02cfc77cf76001a686ce4": "debating chamber of the Scottish Parliament", "5ad02cfc77cf76001a686ce5": "", "5ad02cfc77cf76001a686ce6": "", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc937": "silver", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc938": "Scottish rivers", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc939": "Wisdom, Compassion, Justice and Integrity.", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93a": "the Queen", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93b": "a glass case suspended from the lid.", "5ad02de677cf76001a686d1e": "", "5ad02de677cf76001a686d1f": "", "5ad02de677cf76001a686d20": "", "5ad02de677cf76001a686d21": "", "5ad02de677cf76001a686d22": "the parliamentary mace,", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c73": "April", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c74": "the debating chamber", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c75": "public.", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c76": "free,", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c77": "Official Report,", "5ad02e6777cf76001a686d44": "", "5ad02e6777cf76001a686d45": "", "5ad02e6777cf76001a686d46": "", "5ad02e6777cf76001a686d47": "", "5ad02e6777cf76001a686d48": "", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95d": "Wednesdays", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95e": "up to four minutes,", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95f": "religious beliefs", "572fc043a23a5019007fc960": "the Presiding Officer", "572fc043a23a5019007fc961": "nominate speakers.", "5ad02f4977cf76001a686d72": "", "5ad02f4977cf76001a686d73": "", "5ad02f4977cf76001a686d74": "", "5ad02f4977cf76001a686d75": "the Presiding Officer", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc80": "The Presiding Officer (or Deputy Presiding Officer)", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc81": "amount of time for which they are allowed to speak.", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc82": "", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc83": "ministers or party leaders", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc84": "Gaelic,", "5ad02fdf77cf76001a686d98": "", "5ad02fdf77cf76001a686d99": "", "5ad02fdf77cf76001a686d9a": "", "5ad02fdf77cf76001a686d9b": "", "5ad02fdf77cf76001a686d9c": "", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccb": "5 pm,", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccc": "\"Decision Time\"", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccd": "vote.", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76cce": "by means of electronic consoles on their desks.", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccf": "seconds.", "5ad0309377cf76001a686dbe": "", "5ad0309377cf76001a686dbf": "", "5ad0309377cf76001a686dc0": "", "5ad0309377cf76001a686dc1": "", "5ad0309377cf76001a686dc2": "", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8a": "The outcome of most votes", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8b": "political parties", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8c": "whips,", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8d": "Errant members can be deselected as official party candidates during future elections,", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8e": "moral", "5ad0313b77cf76001a686dd2": "", "5ad0313b77cf76001a686dd3": "", "5ad0313b77cf76001a686dd4": "", "5ad0313b77cf76001a686dd5": "backbench rebellions", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568447": "Immediately after Decision Time", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568448": "45 minutes.", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568449": "Such motions are on issues which may be of interest to a particular area such as a member's own constituency, an upcoming or past event or any other item which would otherwise not be accorded official parliamentary time.", "572fc659b2c2fd140056844a": "other members", "572fc659b2c2fd140056844b": "\"winds up\" the debate", "5ad031cf77cf76001a686dea": "Decision Time", "5ad031cf77cf76001a686deb": "", "5ad031cf77cf76001a686dec": "", "5ad031cf77cf76001a686ded": "Members Business", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf5": "committee.", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf6": "stronger", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf7": "to compensate for the fact that there is no revising chamber.", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf8": "to take evidence from witnesses, conduct inquiries and scrutinise legislation.", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf9": "", "5ad0327377cf76001a686e04": "", "5ad0327377cf76001a686e05": "", "5ad0327377cf76001a686e06": "", "5ad0327377cf76001a686e07": "", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d07": "MSPs,", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d08": "the balance of parties across Parliament.", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d09": "functions", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0a": "Mandatory Committees", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0b": "fourth", "5ad0392577cf76001a686e4e": "", "5ad0392577cf76001a686e4f": "", "5ad0392577cf76001a686e50": "", "5ad0392577cf76001a686e51": "", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d11": "at the beginning of each parliamentary session,", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d12": "one (or more)", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d13": "Subject Committees", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d14": "", "5ad039be77cf76001a686e5e": "", "5ad039be77cf76001a686e5f": "", "5ad039be77cf76001a686e60": "", "5ad039be77cf76001a686e61": "", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d1f": "", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d20": "large-scale development projects such as infrastructure projects that require the use of land or property.", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d21": "", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d22": "Private Bill Committees", "5ad03aa977cf76001a686e88": "", "5ad03aa977cf76001a686e89": "", "5ad03aa977cf76001a686e8a": "", "5ad03aa977cf76001a686e8b": "", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568473": "The Scotland Act 1998,", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568474": "Queen Elizabeth II", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568475": "the devolved competencies.", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568476": "the Parliament of the United Kingdom at Westminster", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568477": "the Parliament", "5ad03b2777cf76001a686e98": "", "5ad03b2777cf76001a686e99": "", "5ad03b2777cf76001a686e9a": "", "5ad03b2777cf76001a686e9b": "", "5ad03b2777cf76001a686e9c": "", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f1": "", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f2": "the Scottish Parliament.", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f3": "", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f4": "up to 3 pence in the pound.", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f5": "2012", "5ad03c2977cf76001a686eb4": "", "5ad03c2977cf76001a686eb5": "", "5ad03c2977cf76001a686eb6": "", "5ad03c2977cf76001a686eb7": "", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847d": "Reserved matters", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847e": "The Scottish Parliament", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847f": "", "572fcc43b2c2fd1400568480": "", "5ad03cd377cf76001a686ec4": "", "5ad03cd377cf76001a686ec5": "", "5ad03cd377cf76001a686ec6": "", "5ad03cd377cf76001a686ec7": "", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccda": "Bills", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdb": "the Scottish Government", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdc": "a private member;", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdd": "an outside proposer.", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccde": "in a number of stages:", "5ad03e5077cf76001a686ed4": "", "5ad03e5077cf76001a686ed5": "", "5ad03e5077cf76001a686ed6": "", "5ad03e5077cf76001a686ed7": "", "572fce12a23a5019007fca11": "introductory stage of the bill, where the minister or member in charge of the bill will formally introduce it to Parliament", "572fce13a23a5019007fca12": "accompanying documents \u2013 Explanatory Notes, a Policy Memorandum setting out the policy underlying the bill, and a Financial Memorandum setting out the costs and savings associated with it.", "572fce13a23a5019007fca13": "whether the bill is within the legislative competence of the Parliament.", "572fce13a23a5019007fca14": "in the relevant committee or committees", "572fce13a23a5019007fca15": "Stage 2.", "5ad03efa77cf76001a686edc": "", "5ad03efa77cf76001a686edd": "", "5ad03efa77cf76001a686ede": "", "5ad03efa77cf76001a686edf": "", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd02": "Stage 3", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd03": "two parts:", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd04": "a final vote", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd05": "\"wrecking amendments\"", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd06": "Decision Time", "5ad03f8077cf76001a686ee4": "", "5ad03f8077cf76001a686ee5": "", "5ad03f8077cf76001a686ee6": "", "5ad03f8077cf76001a686ee7": "", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684a9": "the Monarch", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684aa": "a 4-week period has elapsed,", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ab": "4-week", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ac": "the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ad": "", "5ad0403c77cf76001a686eec": "", "5ad0403c77cf76001a686eed": "", "5ad0403c77cf76001a686eee": "", "5ad0403c77cf76001a686eef": "", "5ad0403c77cf76001a686ef0": "", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca55": "", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca56": "First Minister", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca57": "Any member", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca58": "elected MSPs,", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca59": "the Sovereign.", "5ad040d977cf76001a686ef6": "", "5ad040d977cf76001a686ef7": "", "5ad040d977cf76001a686ef8": "", "5ad040d977cf76001a686ef9": "", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76d9f": "Thursday", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da0": "May", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da1": "the Monarch", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da2": "28", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da3": "they supplant it.", "5ad0415577cf76001a686f04": "", "5ad0415577cf76001a686f05": "", "5ad0415577cf76001a686f06": "", "5ad0415577cf76001a686f07": "", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd32": "Several procedures", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd33": "MSPs", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd34": "a statement to the chamber setting out the Government's legislative programme for the forthcoming year.", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd35": "issues related to the substance of the statement.", "5ad041c477cf76001a686f0c": "", "5ad041c477cf76001a686f0d": "", "5ad041c477cf76001a686f0e": "", "5ad041c477cf76001a686f0f": "", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3a": "Parliamentary time", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3b": "a", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3c": "any member of the Scottish Government.", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3d": "issues under their jurisdiction.", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3e": "four", "5ad0426c77cf76001a686f1c": "", "5ad0426c77cf76001a686f1d": "", "5ad0426c77cf76001a686f1e": "", "5ad0426c77cf76001a686f1f": "Opposition leaders", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684f9": "73", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fa": "one", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fb": "2005", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fc": "55,000", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fd": "their dispersed population and distance from the Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh.", "5ad0431077cf76001a686f2e": "", "5ad0431077cf76001a686f2f": "", "5ad0431077cf76001a686f30": "", "5ad0431077cf76001a686f31": "", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850b": "proportionally to the number of votes received in the second vote of the ballot", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850c": "d'Hondt method.", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850d": "quotient", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850e": "constituency seats", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850f": "The party with the highest quotient is awarded the seat, which is then added to its constituency seats in allocating the second seat. This is repeated iteratively", "5ad043a977cf76001a686f36": "", "5ad043a977cf76001a686f37": "", "5ad043a977cf76001a686f38": "", "5ad043a977cf76001a686f39": "", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851d": "a number of qualifications", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851e": "1981.", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851f": "18", "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568520": "police and the armed forces", "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568521": "Mental Health (Care and Treatment) (Scotland) Act 2003.", "5ad0440a77cf76001a686f48": "", "5ad0440a77cf76001a686f49": "", "5ad0440a77cf76001a686f4a": "", "5ad0440a77cf76001a686f4b": "", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dd9": "a party has commanded a parliamentary majority.", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dda": "Labour,", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddb": "151", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddc": "eight", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddd": "Scottish independence.", "5ad0447f77cf76001a686f50": "16", "5ad0447f77cf76001a686f51": "", "5ad0447f77cf76001a686f52": "", "5ad0447f77cf76001a686f53": "Liberal Democrats", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca93": "Conservatives,", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca94": "Edinburgh Pentlands,", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca95": "five seats,", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca96": "Annabel Goldie", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca97": "", "5ad044f977cf76001a686f60": "", "5ad044f977cf76001a686f61": "", "5ad044f977cf76001a686f62": "", "5ad044f977cf76001a686f63": "", "5ad044f977cf76001a686f64": "Cameron", "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9d": "are able to vote on domestic legislation", "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9e": "domestic legislation of the Scottish Parliament.", "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9f": "the West Lothian question", "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa0": "Conservative", "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa1": "England.", "5ad0457b77cf76001a686f6a": "", "5ad0457b77cf76001a686f6b": "", "5ad0457b77cf76001a686f6c": "", "5ad0457b77cf76001a686f6d": "", "572ff626947a6a140053ce8e": "Islamism,", "572ff626947a6a140053ce8f": "all spheres of life.\"", "572ff626947a6a140053ce90": "reordering", "572ff626947a6a140053ce91": "two poles\":", "572ff626947a6a140053ce92": "revolution or invasion;", "5acfe40a77cf76001a686390": "", "5acfe40a77cf76001a686391": "", "5acfe40a77cf76001a686392": "", "5acfe40a77cf76001a686393": "", "572ff760b2c2fd1400568677": "democratic", "572ff760b2c2fd1400568678": "Palestine", "572ff760b2c2fd1400568679": "abolish the state of Israel.", "572ff760b2c2fd140056867a": "democracy,", "572ff760b2c2fd140056867b": "religious", "5acfe5ce77cf76001a6863ac": "", "5acfe5ce77cf76001a6863ad": "", "5acfe5ce77cf76001a6863ae": "", "5acfe5ce77cf76001a6863af": "", "5acfe5ce77cf76001a6863b0": "", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f65": "", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f66": "\"Sunni pan-Islamism", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f67": "\"sharia", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f68": "democracy", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f69": "to maintain their legitimacy.", "5acfe69177cf76001a6863be": "", "5acfe69177cf76001a6863bf": "", "5acfe69177cf76001a6863c0": "", "5acfe69177cf76001a6863c1": "", "5acfe69177cf76001a6863c2": "", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd5": "a", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd6": "Islam,", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd7": "", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd8": "illiberal Islamic regimes,", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd9": "religion from politics.", "5acfe6eb77cf76001a6863c8": "", "5acfe6eb77cf76001a6863c9": "", "5acfe6eb77cf76001a6863ca": "", "5acfe6eb77cf76001a6863cb": "", "5acfe6eb77cf76001a6863cc": "", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76f9f": "Islamists", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa0": "Americans", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa1": "a historical fluke of the \"short-lived era of the heyday of secular Arab nationalism between 1945 and 1970\",", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa2": "between 1945 and 1970\",", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa3": "quietist/non-political Islam,", "5acfe73c77cf76001a6863d2": "", "5acfe73c77cf76001a6863d3": "", "5acfe73c77cf76001a6863d4": "", "5acfe73c77cf76001a6863d5": "", "5acfe73c77cf76001a6863d6": "", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee6": "During the 1970s", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee7": "dangerous enemies.", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee8": "leftist/communist/nationalist insurgents/opposition,", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee9": "Muslim Afghanistan enemies", "572ffbaab2c2fd14005686cd": "\"experience, ideology, and weapons\",", "5acfe78477cf76001a6863e6": "", "5acfe78477cf76001a6863e7": "", "5acfe78477cf76001a6863e8": "leftist/communist/nationalist insurgents/opposition,", "5acfe78477cf76001a6863e9": "", "5acfe78477cf76001a6863ea": "", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef6": "Anwar Sadat", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef7": "making peace", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef8": "political support", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef9": "1975", "572ffc99947a6a140053cefa": "released Islamists from prison and welcomed home exiles in tacit exchange for political support", "5acfe80877cf76001a6863f0": "", "5acfe80877cf76001a6863f1": "", "5acfe80877cf76001a6863f2": "", "5acfe80877cf76001a6863f3": "", "5acfe80877cf76001a6863f4": "", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc7": "strict, conservative", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc8": "\"hate them for their religion ... for Allah's sake,\"", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc9": "wars", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fca": "", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fcb": "Saudi-interpretation", "5acfe84677cf76001a686404": "", "5acfe84677cf76001a686405": "", "5acfe84677cf76001a686406": "wars", "5acfe84677cf76001a686407": "", "5acfe84677cf76001a686408": "", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686ef": "Islamist", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f0": "housing", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f1": "to avoid prohibitively costly dowry demands,", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f2": "", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f3": "rhetoric.", "5acfe89777cf76001a68640e": "", "5acfe89777cf76001a68640f": "", "5acfe89777cf76001a686410": "", "5acfe89777cf76001a686411": "", "5acfe89777cf76001a686412": "", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf14": "law and philosophy", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf15": "All India Muslim League.", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf16": "1908.", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf17": "mainstream Indian nationalist and secularist Indian National Congress.", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf18": "The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam.", "5acfe8e777cf76001a686422": "", "5acfe8e777cf76001a686423": "", "5acfe8e777cf76001a686424": "", "5acfe8e777cf76001a686425": "", "5acfe8e777cf76001a686426": "", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686f9": "secularism and secular nationalism", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fa": "crowd out", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fb": "nationalist differences.", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fc": "1930", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fd": "Pakistan movement.", "5acfe91c77cf76001a686436": "", "5acfe91c77cf76001a686437": "", "5acfe91c77cf76001a686438": "", "5acfe91c77cf76001a686439": "", "5acfe91c77cf76001a68643a": "", "5730005db2c2fd1400568703": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", "5730005db2c2fd1400568704": "journalism,", "5730005db2c2fd1400568705": "1941", "57300137b2c2fd1400568717": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", "57300137b2c2fd1400568718": "journalism,", "57300137b2c2fd140056871a": "writing", "57300137b2c2fd140056871b": "modern context,", "5acfe95877cf76001a686440": "", "5acfe95877cf76001a686441": "", "5acfe95877cf76001a686442": "1972.", "5acfe95877cf76001a686443": "", "5acfe95877cf76001a686444": "", "57300200b2c2fd1400568729": "Sharia,", "57300200b2c2fd140056872a": "an Islamic state.", "57300200b2c2fd140056872b": "(unity of God),", "57300200b2c2fd140056872c": "Islamic", "57300200b2c2fd140056872d": "da'wah.", "5acfe99177cf76001a686454": "", "5acfe99177cf76001a686455": "", "5acfe99177cf76001a686456": "", "5acfe99177cf76001a686457": "", "5acfe99177cf76001a686458": "", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77001": "1928", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77002": "Ismailiyah, Egypt", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77003": "Hassan al Banna.", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77004": "\"the Qur'an", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77005": "imperialist", "5acfe9d477cf76001a68645e": "", "5acfe9d477cf76001a68645f": "", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4c": "violence", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4d": "1949", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4e": "Mahmud Fami Naqrashi", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4f": "1948", "5730040f947a6a140053cf50": "Gamal Abdul Nasser,", "5acfea0677cf76001a686462": "", "5acfea0677cf76001a686463": "", "5acfea0677cf76001a686464": "", "5acfea0677cf76001a686465": "", "5acfea0677cf76001a686466": "Gamal Abdul Nasser,", "573004bf947a6a140053cf56": "one of the most influential movements", "573004bf947a6a140053cf57": "\"semi-legal\"", "573004bf947a6a140053cf58": "field candidates", "573004bf947a6a140053cf59": "75%", "573004bf947a6a140053cf5a": "Mohamed Morsi,", "5acfea4977cf76001a686476": "", "5acfea4977cf76001a686477": "", "5acfea4977cf76001a686478": "", "5acfea4977cf76001a686479": "", "5acfea4977cf76001a68647a": "", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6a": "quick and decisive", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6b": "a pivotal event", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6c": "economic", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6d": "decline", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6e": "Islamist movements", "5acfea9277cf76001a68648a": "", "5acfea9277cf76001a68648b": "", "5acfea9277cf76001a68648c": "economic", "5acfea9277cf76001a68648d": "", "5acfea9277cf76001a68648e": "", "5730088e947a6a140053cfac": "Ali Shariati,", "5730088e947a6a140053cfad": "ideological", "5730088e947a6a140053cfae": "somewhere between beliefs of Sunni Islamic thinkers", "5730088e947a6a140053cfaf": "Prophet Mohammad", "5730088e947a6a140053cfb0": "conspiracy against Islam", "5acfeae177cf76001a68649e": "", "5acfeae177cf76001a68649f": "", "5acfeae177cf76001a6864a0": "", "5acfeae177cf76001a6864a1": "", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b7": "The Islamic Republic", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b8": "economic sanctions,", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b9": "Shia terrorist groups", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770ba": "During the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict,", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770bb": "President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's", "5acfeb2577cf76001a6864b0": "", "5acfeb2577cf76001a6864b1": "", "5acfeb2577cf76001a6864b2": "", "5acfeb2577cf76001a6864b3": "", "5acfeb2577cf76001a6864b4": "", "57300ec0947a6a140053d004": "the Soviet Union", "57300ec0947a6a140053d005": "Islamic rebellion", "57300ec0947a6a140053d006": "send aid and sometimes to go themselves to fight for their faith.", "57300ec0947a6a140053d007": "marginal,", "57300ec0947a6a140053d008": "16,000 to 35,000", "5acfeb5f77cf76001a6864ba": "", "5acfeb5f77cf76001a6864bb": "", "5acfeb5f77cf76001a6864bc": "", "5acfeb5f77cf76001a6864bd": "", "5acfeb5f77cf76001a6864be": "", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d1": "radicalize the Islamist movement", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d2": "Saddam Hussein's", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d3": "Islamist", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d4": "Saudi", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d5": "the west.", "5acfeba077cf76001a6864c4": "", "5acfeba077cf76001a6864c5": "", "5acfeba077cf76001a6864c6": "", "5acfeba077cf76001a6864c7": "", "5acfeba077cf76001a6864c8": "", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d7": "conservative Muslims", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d8": "the kingdom,", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d9": "domestic Islamists who attacked it", "573010fab2c2fd14005687da": "Algeria", "573010fab2c2fd14005687db": "Osama bin Laden's", "5acfebe477cf76001a6864d6": "", "5acfebe477cf76001a6864d7": "in the kingdom,", "5acfebe477cf76001a6864d8": "", "5acfebe477cf76001a6864d9": "", "5acfebe477cf76001a6864da": "", "573011de04bcaa1900d770f9": "Qutb's", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fa": "1966,", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fb": "the Brotherhood,", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fc": "Fringe or splinter movements", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fd": "1970s,", "5acfec2077cf76001a6864f2": "", "5acfec2077cf76001a6864f3": "", "5acfec2077cf76001a6864f4": "", "5acfec2077cf76001a6864f5": "", "5acfec2077cf76001a6864f6": "", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd09": "Egyptian Islamic Jihad", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0a": "1981.", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0b": "\"apostate\" leaders of Muslim states,", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0c": "\"apostate\"", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0d": "Muhammad Abd al-Salaam Farag,", "5acfec5577cf76001a6864fc": "", "5acfec5577cf76001a6864fd": "", "5acfec5577cf76001a6864fe": "", "5acfec5577cf76001a6864ff": "", "5acfec5577cf76001a686500": "", "5730131c947a6a140053d052": "violence", "5730131c947a6a140053d053": "al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya", "5730131c947a6a140053d054": "unsuccessful,", "5730131c947a6a140053d055": "2003.", "5730131c947a6a140053d056": "political figures,", "5acfec9277cf76001a686506": "", "5acfec9277cf76001a686507": "al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya", "5acfec9277cf76001a686508": "", "5acfec9277cf76001a686509": "", "5acfec9277cf76001a68650a": "", "5730208fa23a5019007fcded": "\"quiescent\"", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdee": "HAMAS", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdef": "the destruction of Israel and the establishment of an Islamic state in Palestine.", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf0": "Palestine.", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf1": "alcohol", "5acfecc577cf76001a686510": "", "5acfecc577cf76001a686511": "", "5acfecc577cf76001a686512": "", "5acfecc577cf76001a686513": "", "5acfecc577cf76001a686514": "alcohol", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f7": "Hamas", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f8": "542", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f9": "majority of the seats,", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fa": "2007", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fb": "driving Israel out of the Gaza Strip,", "5acfed0b77cf76001a686524": "", "5acfed0b77cf76001a686525": "", "5acfed0b77cf76001a686526": "", "5acfed0b77cf76001a686527": "", "5acfed0b77cf76001a686528": "", "57302700a23a5019007fce89": "Islamist", "57302700a23a5019007fce8a": "Hassan al-Turabi.", "57302700a23a5019007fce8b": "National Islamic Front", "57302700a23a5019007fce8c": "with money from foreign Islamist banking systems,", "57302700a23a5019007fce8d": "university and military academy", "5acfed5277cf76001a68652e": "Islamist", "5acfed5277cf76001a68652f": "", "5acfed5277cf76001a686530": "", "5acfed5277cf76001a686531": "", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9d": "1985", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9e": "with the help of the military.", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9f": "sharia law,", "573027d6a23a5019007fcea0": "Osama bin Laden", "573027d6a23a5019007fcea1": "American attack on Iraq", "5acfed9477cf76001a686540": "", "5acfed9477cf76001a686541": "", "5acfed9477cf76001a686542": "", "5acfed9477cf76001a686543": "", "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726d": "Front Islamique de Salut", "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726e": "Algeria.", "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726f": "1989", "5730285a04bcaa1900d77270": "women staying home", "5730285a04bcaa1900d77271": "a military coup d'\u00e9tat.", "5acfedc577cf76001a686548": "Front Islamique de Salut", "5acfedc577cf76001a686549": "Algeria.", "5acfedc577cf76001a68654a": "1989", "5acfedc577cf76001a68654b": "", "5acfedc577cf76001a68654c": "", "573028fa04bcaa1900d77287": "justice and prosperity,", "573028fa04bcaa1900d77288": "vicious and destructive", "573028fa04bcaa1900d77289": "one of the poorest countries on earth.", "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728a": "1992,", "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728b": "80%", "5acfee0a77cf76001a686552": "", "5acfee0a77cf76001a686553": "", "5acfee0a77cf76001a686554": "", "5acfee0a77cf76001a686555": "", "5acfee0a77cf76001a686556": "", "57302a3aa23a5019007fcecf": "The Taliban", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced0": "Pakistan.", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced1": "Islamic fundamentalist or neofundamentalist,", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced2": "Sharia", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced3": "Osama bin Laden.", "5acfee4777cf76001a68655c": "", "5acfee4777cf76001a68655d": "", "5acfee4777cf76001a68655e": "", "5acfee4777cf76001a68655f": "", "5acfee4777cf76001a686560": "", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772af": "July 1977,", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b0": "alcohol and nightclubs", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b1": "Islamism", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b2": "his means of seizing power.", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b3": "1988", "5acfee8977cf76001a686566": "", "5acfee8977cf76001a686567": "", "5acfee8977cf76001a686568": "", "5acfee8977cf76001a686569": "", "5acfee8977cf76001a68656a": "", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689db": "a Wahhabi/Salafi jihadist extremist militant group", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dc": "Sunni Arabs from Iraq and Syria.", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dd": "a caliphate,", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689de": "ten million", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689df": "recognition.)", "5acfeee177cf76001a686570": "", "5acfeee177cf76001a686571": "", "5acfeee177cf76001a686572": "", "5acfeee177cf76001a686573": "", "5acfeee177cf76001a686574": "", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d7": "2004,", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d8": "March 2003", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d9": "March 2011,", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772da": "", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772db": "terrorist organisation", "5acfef1b77cf76001a68657a": "", "5acfef1b77cf76001a68657b": "", "5acfef1b77cf76001a68657c": "", "5acfef1b77cf76001a68657d": "", "57302e45947a6a140053d22e": "the party takes a different view", "57302e45947a6a140053d22f": "", "57302e45947a6a140053d230": "1924.", "57302e45947a6a140053d231": "true Islamic system,", "57302e45947a6a140053d232": "", "5acfef5477cf76001a686582": "", "5acfef5477cf76001a686583": "", "5acfef5477cf76001a686584": "", "5acfef5477cf76001a686585": "", "5acfef5477cf76001a686586": "", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f5": "armed", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f6": "through \"ideological struggle\"", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f7": "elites", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f8": "Egypt,", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f9": "terrorist groups", "5acfef9577cf76001a6865a0": "", "5acfef9577cf76001a6865a1": "", "5acfef9577cf76001a6865a2": "", "5acfef9577cf76001a6865a3": "", "5acfef9577cf76001a6865a4": "", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77311": "over 900,000", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77312": "strong Islamist", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77313": "2007", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77314": "Londonistan.", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77315": "incitement to terrorism", "5acfefcc77cf76001a6865aa": "", "5acfefcc77cf76001a6865ab": "", "5acfefcc77cf76001a6865ac": "", "5acfefcc77cf76001a6865ad": "", "5acfefcc77cf76001a6865ae": "", "57303048947a6a140053d254": "since 2001.", "57303048947a6a140053d255": "State Department.", "57303048947a6a140053d256": "Christian Whiton,", "57303048947a6a140053d257": "Defense Secretary", "57303048947a6a140053d258": "undermining the communist ideology", "5acff00c77cf76001a6865b4": "", "5acff00c77cf76001a6865b5": "", "5acff00c77cf76001a6865b6": "", "5acff00c77cf76001a6865b7": "", "5acff00c77cf76001a6865b8": "", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c6": "Latin", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c7": "use of military force, or other means\".", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c9": "", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4ca": "technologies and ideas.", "5acff36377cf76001a6865ee": "Latin", "5acff36377cf76001a6865ef": "", "5acff36377cf76001a6865f0": "", "5acff36377cf76001a6865f1": "", "5acff36377cf76001a6865f2": "", "573062662461fd1900a9cdf7": "influence", "573062662461fd1900a9cdf8": "\"Formal", "573062662461fd1900a9cdfa": "\"othering\"", "573062662461fd1900a9cdfb": "direct;", "5acff3b377cf76001a6865f8": "", "5acff3b377cf76001a6865f9": "", "5acff3b377cf76001a6865fa": "", "5acff3b377cf76001a6865fb": "", "5acff3b377cf76001a6865fc": "", "57306797396df919000960ee": "uneven", "57306797396df919000960ef": "\"form", "57306797396df919000960f0": "aggressiveness.", "57306797396df919000960f1": "formally. This is because, with informal", "57306797396df919000960f2": "ownership of private industries", "5acff4b177cf76001a686614": "", "5acff4b177cf76001a686615": "", "5acff4b177cf76001a686616": "", "5acff4b177cf76001a686617": "", "5acff4b177cf76001a686618": "", "573081c2069b531400832133": "distinction", "573081c2069b531400832134": "world systems theory.", "573081c2069b531400832135": "Lenin", "573081c2069b531400832136": "", "573081c2069b531400832137": "overland,", "5acff55577cf76001a68661e": "", "5acff55577cf76001a68661f": "", "5acff55577cf76001a686620": "", "5acff55577cf76001a686621": "", "5acff55577cf76001a686622": "", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6d": "\"colonial", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6e": "political focus.[further", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6f": "ideological", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce70": "Ottoman", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce71": "a person or group of people.", "5acff5b077cf76001a686628": "\"colonial", "5acff5b077cf76001a686629": "", "5acff5b077cf76001a68662a": "", "5acff5b077cf76001a68662b": "", "5acff5b077cf76001a68662c": "", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54c": "Imperialism and colonialism", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54d": "taking physical control of another,", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54e": "by conquering the other state's lands and therefore increasing its own dominance.", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54f": "characteristics", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c550": "the exploitation of the valuable assets and supplies of the nation that was conquered", "5acff63377cf76001a68665a": "", "5acff63377cf76001a68665b": "", "5acff63377cf76001a68665c": "", "5acff63377cf76001a68665d": "", "5acff63377cf76001a68665e": "", "5730876a396df9190009617a": "the defense and justification of empire-building based on seemingly rational grounds.", "5730876a396df9190009617b": "races of highest 'social efficiency'\".", "5730876a396df9190009617c": "imperialism", "5730876a396df9190009617d": "\"Social Darwinism\"", "5730876a396df9190009617e": "\"whiteness\"", "5acff69e77cf76001a686664": "", "5acff69e77cf76001a686665": "", "5acff69e77cf76001a686666": "", "5acff69e77cf76001a686667": "", "5acff69e77cf76001a686668": "", "573088da069b53140083216b": "Germany", "573088da069b53140083216c": "Britain", "573088da069b53140083216d": ".Political ge", "573088da069b53140083216e": "necessary for a state\u2019s survival", "573088da069b53140083216f": "fund travelers who would come back with tales of their discoveries.", "5acff6ea77cf76001a686680": "Germany", "5acff6ea77cf76001a686681": "Britain", "5acff6ea77cf76001a686682": ".Political ge", "5acff6ea77cf76001a686683": "", "5acff6ea77cf76001a686684": "", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c576": "environmental determinism", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c577": "temperate", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c578": "Orientalism", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c579": "uncivilized", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c57a": "the superior and the norm,", "5acff73377cf76001a68668a": "", "5acff73377cf76001a68668b": "", "5acff73377cf76001a68668c": "Orientalism", "5acff73377cf76001a68668d": "", "5acff73377cf76001a68668e": "", "57308ddc396df919000961a4": "British Empire", "57308ddc396df919000961a5": "", "57308ddc396df919000961a6": "Aboriginal", "57308ddc396df919000961a7": "eighteenth century,", "57308ddc396df919000961a8": "'empty land').", "5ad02ab477cf76001a686c68": "", "5ad02ab477cf76001a686c69": "", "5ad02ab477cf76001a686c6a": "", "5ad02ab477cf76001a686c6b": "", "5ad02ab477cf76001a686c6c": "", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c580": "imaginative geography", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c581": "irrational and backward", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c582": "inferior,", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c583": "Orientalism", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c584": "inferior,", "5ad02aff77cf76001a686c7c": "", "5ad02aff77cf76001a686c7d": "", "5ad02aff77cf76001a686c7e": "", "5ad02aff77cf76001a686c7f": "", "5ad02aff77cf76001a686c80": "", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58a": "analysis of the role of nineteenth-century maps", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58b": "", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58c": "to denote unknown or unexplored territory.", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58d": "nineteenth-century cartographic techniques,", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58e": "", "5ad02be477cf76001a686c9a": "", "5ad02be477cf76001a686c9b": "", "5ad02be477cf76001a686c9c": "", "5ad02be477cf76001a686c9d": "", "573092088ab72b1400f9c594": "Genghis Khan", "573092088ab72b1400f9c595": "pre-Columbian", "573092088ab72b1400f9c596": "", "573092088ab72b1400f9c597": "dozens.", "573092088ab72b1400f9c598": "", "5ad02cf577cf76001a686cd8": "", "5ad02cf577cf76001a686cd9": "", "5ad02cf577cf76001a686cda": "", "5ad02cf577cf76001a686cdb": "", "5ad02cf577cf76001a686cdc": "", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5ae": "Cultural imperialism", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5af": "soft power,", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b0": "a", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b1": "Roman", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b2": "bans on foreign popular culture, control of the internet and unauthorised satellite dishes", "5ad02d3077cf76001a686cf6": "", "5ad02d3077cf76001a686cf7": "", "5ad02d3077cf76001a686cf8": "", "5ad02d3077cf76001a686cf9": "", "5ad02d3077cf76001a686cfa": "", "57309446396df919000961b8": "around 1700,", "57309446396df919000961b9": "colonizing, influencing, and annexing other parts of the world in order to gain political power.[citation", "57309446396df919000961ba": "thousands of years,", "57309446396df919000961bb": "the middle of the 20th century,", "57309446396df919000961bc": "\"Open Door Policy\"", "5ad02de177cf76001a686d14": "", "5ad02de177cf76001a686d15": "", "5ad02de177cf76001a686d16": "", "5ad02de177cf76001a686d17": "", "5ad02de177cf76001a686d18": "", "57309564069b5314008321a5": "(19", "57309564069b5314008321a6": "(1920\u20131999)", "57309564069b5314008321a7": "", "57309564069b5314008321a8": "the world's economy", "57309564069b5314008321a9": "many imperial powers", "5ad02e3377cf76001a686d32": "", "5ad02e3377cf76001a686d33": "", "5ad02e3377cf76001a686d34": "", "5ad02e3377cf76001a686d35": "", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d2": "economic growth", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d3": "colonies,", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d4": "mid-18th century", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d5": "the Mughal state,", "5ad02e8277cf76001a686d4e": "", "5ad02e8277cf76001a686d4f": "", "5ad02e8277cf76001a686d50": "", "5ad02e8277cf76001a686d51": "", "5ad02e8277cf76001a686d52": "", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dc": "communication,", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dd": "deadly explosives", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5de": "the machine gun", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5df": "", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5e0": "", "5ad02ef677cf76001a686d68": "", "5ad02ef677cf76001a686d69": "", "5ad02ef677cf76001a686d6a": "", "5ad02ef677cf76001a686d6b": "", "5ad02ef677cf76001a686d6c": "", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e6": "British", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e7": "late 1870s", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e8": "philanthropy;", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e9": "need for capitalist economies to constantly expand investment, material resources and manpower", "5ad02f5777cf76001a686d84": "", "5ad02f5777cf76001a686d85": "", "5ad02f5777cf76001a686d86": "", "5ad02f5777cf76001a686d87": "", "5ad02f5777cf76001a686d88": "", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c600": "aristocracy,", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c601": "before World War I,", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c602": "1950s.", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c603": "disease", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c604": "by removing its economic foundation.", "5ad02fda77cf76001a686d8e": "", "5ad02fda77cf76001a686d8f": "", "5ad02fda77cf76001a686d90": "", "5ad02fda77cf76001a686d91": "", "5ad02fda77cf76001a686d92": "", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60a": "environmental determinism", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60b": "the environment", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60c": "\"less civilized\"", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60d": "Africa),", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60e": "orientalism and tropicality.", "5ad0301577cf76001a686db4": "", "5ad0301577cf76001a686db5": "", "5ad0301577cf76001a686db6": "", "5ad0301577cf76001a686db7": "Africa),", "5ad0301577cf76001a686db8": "", "5730a314069b5314008321eb": "geographic scholars under colonizing empires,", "5730a314069b5314008321ec": "Northern Europe and the Mid-Atlantic", "5730a314069b5314008321ed": "guidance and intervention", "5730a314069b5314008321ee": "", "5730a314069b5314008321ef": "under colonizing empires,", "5ad0312677cf76001a686dc8": "", "5ad0312677cf76001a686dc9": "", "5ad0312677cf76001a686dca": "", "5ad0312677cf76001a686dcb": "", "5ad0312677cf76001a686dcc": "", "5730a40f396df91900096234": "sixteenth century.", "5730a40f396df91900096235": "1599", "5730a40f396df91900096236": "Queen Elizabeth", "5730a40f396df91900096237": "political activity caused exploitation of the East India Company causing the plundering of the local economy, almost bringing the company into bankruptcy.", "5730a40f396df91900096238": "Portuguese", "5ad0316177cf76001a686dda": "", "5ad0316177cf76001a686ddb": "", "5ad0316177cf76001a686ddc": "", "5ad0316177cf76001a686ddd": "", "5ad0316177cf76001a686dde": "Portuguese", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf29": "1830", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2a": "after 1850,", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2b": "North and West Africa,", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2c": "when Germany started to build her own colonial empire.", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2d": "Catholicism.", "5ad031ef77cf76001a686df2": "", "5ad031ef77cf76001a686df3": "", "5ad031ef77cf76001a686df4": "", "5ad031ef77cf76001a686df5": "", "5ad031ef77cf76001a686df6": "", "5730a951069b531400832213": "civilize the inferior\".", "5730a951069b531400832214": "Full citizenship rights", "5730a951069b531400832215": "France sent small numbers of settlers to its colonies,", "5730a951069b531400832216": "Christianity and French culture.", "5730a951069b531400832217": "Algeria,", "5ad0322877cf76001a686dfc": "", "5ad0322877cf76001a686dfd": "", "5ad0322877cf76001a686dfe": "", "5ad0322877cf76001a686dff": "", "5730aa52069b53140083221d": "overseas colonies", "5730aa52069b53140083221e": "anti-colonial movements", "5730aa52069b53140083221f": "Vietnam", "5730aa52069b531400832220": "they won the war in Algeria,", "5730aa52069b531400832221": "1960,", "5ad032b377cf76001a686e0c": "", "5ad032b377cf76001a686e0d": "", "5ad032b377cf76001a686e0e": "", "5ad032b377cf76001a686e0f": "", "5ad032b377cf76001a686e10": "", "5730ab63396df91900096260": "Scandinavia and northern Europe,", "5730ab63396df91900096261": "middle period of classical antiquity;", "5730ab63396df91900096262": "", "5730ab63396df91900096263": "Muslim Iberia.", "5730ab63396df91900096264": "an amorphous area of central Europe.", "5ad0354e77cf76001a686e1e": "", "5ad0354e77cf76001a686e1f": "", "5ad0354e77cf76001a686e20": "", "5ad0354e77cf76001a686e21": "", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf73": "the late 19th century.", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf74": "(18", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf75": "after the Franco-German War,", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf76": "Europe", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf77": "Napoleon,", "5ad035bd77cf76001a686e26": "", "5ad035bd77cf76001a686e27": "", "5ad035bd77cf76001a686e28": "", "5ad035bd77cf76001a686e29": "", "5ad035bd77cf76001a686e2a": "", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c682": "the South Pacific,", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c683": "German prestige.", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c684": "German New Guinea", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c685": "1884.", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c686": "Hamburg merchants and traders,", "5ad0383677cf76001a686e38": "", "5ad0383677cf76001a686e39": "", "5ad0383677cf76001a686e3a": "", "5ad0383677cf76001a686e3b": "", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa3": "1894,", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa4": "Japan took part of Sakhalin Island from Russia.", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa5": "Manchuria", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa6": "Thailand,", "5ad0388377cf76001a686e40": "", "5ad0388377cf76001a686e41": "", "5ad0388377cf76001a686e42": "", "5ad0388377cf76001a686e43": "", "5730b255396df919000962b0": "People\u2019s Republic of China", "5730b255396df919000962b1": "1932.", "5730b255396df919000962b2": "", "5730b255396df919000962b3": "Eastern Europe.", "5730b255396df919000962b4": "Bolshevik leaders", "5ad0391f77cf76001a686e48": "", "5ad0391f77cf76001a686e49": "", "5ad0391f77cf76001a686e4a": "", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc5": "a world revolution.", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc6": "Lenin", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc7": "'socialism in one country'", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc8": "", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc9": "Mao Zedong", "5ad039ec77cf76001a686e66": "", "5ad039ec77cf76001a686e67": "", "5ad039ec77cf76001a686e68": "", "5730b541396df919000962c2": "mercantilism,", "5730b541396df919000962c3": "1776.", "5730b541396df919000962c4": "about 1820.", "5730b541396df919000962c5": "free trade", "5730b541396df919000962c6": "1815,", "5ad03a1a77cf76001a686e6c": "", "5ad03a1a77cf76001a686e6d": "", "5ad03a1a77cf76001a686e6e": "", "5ad03a1a77cf76001a686e6f": "", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfcf": "British", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd0": "pseudo-sciences", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd1": "Africa", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd2": "", "5ad03a3e77cf76001a686e74": "", "5ad03a3e77cf76001a686e75": "", "5ad03a3e77cf76001a686e76": "", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c3": "through policies such as the Monroe Doctrine.", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c4": "interventionism", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c5": "Philippines", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c6": "a war erupted in the Philippines", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c7": "\"racket\"", "5ad03a6b77cf76001a686e7a": "", "5ad03a6b77cf76001a686e7b": "", "5ad03a6b77cf76001a686e7c": "", "5ad03a6b77cf76001a686e7d": "", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c704": "Isiah Bowman.", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c705": "1917,", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c706": "the American delegation", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c707": "U.S authorship of a 'new world'", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c708": "", "5ad03a8a77cf76001a686e82": "", "5ad03a8a77cf76001a686e83": "", "5ad03a8a77cf76001a686e84": "", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d011": "internal strife", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d012": "imperial power prior to any attempts at external imperialism. This internal form of empire has been referred to as \"internal colonialism\".", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d013": "12 to 15 million", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d015": "the contemporary Orient,", "5ad03b0b77cf76001a686e90": "", "5ad03b0b77cf76001a686e91": "", "5ad03b0b77cf76001a686e92": "", "5ad03b0b77cf76001a686e93": "", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73c": "1923.", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73d": "Suleiman the Magnificent,", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73e": "32", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73f": "Caucasus,", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c740": "16th and 17th centuries,", "5ad03b4677cf76001a686ea2": "", "5ad03b4677cf76001a686ea3": "", "5ad03b4677cf76001a686ea4": "", "5ad03b4677cf76001a686ea5": "", "5730bd00069b5314008322d7": "Istanbul", "5730bd00069b5314008322d9": "", "5730bd00069b5314008322da": "Turkey", "5730bd00069b5314008322db": "creation of modern Balkan and Middle Eastern states,", "5ad03b7977cf76001a686eaa": "", "5ad03b7977cf76001a686eab": "", "5ad03b7977cf76001a686eac": "", "5ad03b7977cf76001a686ead": "", "5ad03b7977cf76001a686eae": "", "5732b6b5328d981900602021": "Warsaw", "5732b6b5328d981900602022": "Vistula River", "5732b6b5328d981900602023": "260 kilometres", "5732b6b5328d981900602024": "2.666 million", "5732b6b5328d981900602025": "9th", "5ad4bbbb5b96ef001a109e88": "", "5ad4bbbb5b96ef001a109e89": "", "5ad4bbbb5b96ef001a109e8a": "", "5ad4bbbb5b96ef001a109e8b": "", "5ad4bbbb5b96ef001a109e8c": "", "573312fcd058e614000b56e6": "Economist Intelligence Unit", "573312fcd058e614000b56e7": "2012", "573312fcd058e614000b56e8": "FMCG manufacturing, metal processing, steel and electronic manufacturing and food processing.", "573312fcd058e614000b56e9": "Warsaw Stock Exchange", "573312fcd058e614000b56ea": "Frontex,", "5ad4bcc45b96ef001a109e9c": "", "5ad4bcc45b96ef001a109e9d": "", "5ad4bcc45b96ef001a109e9e": "", "5ad4bcc45b96ef001a109e9f": "", "5ad4bcc45b96ef001a109ea0": "", "5733140a4776f419006606e0": "1313,", "5733140a4776f419006606e1": "Krak\u00f3w", "5733140a4776f419006606e2": "1596.", "5733140a4776f419006606e3": "King Sigismund III Vasa", "5733140a4776f419006606e4": "because it has survived many wars, conflicts and invasions throughout its long history.", "5ad4bdbd5b96ef001a109ed8": "", "5ad4bdbd5b96ef001a109ed9": "", "5ad4bdbd5b96ef001a109eda": "1795,", "5ad4bdbd5b96ef001a109edb": "", "5ad4bdbd5b96ef001a109edc": "", "573314e3d058e614000b56f0": "Roman Catholic", "573314e3d058e614000b56f1": "Polish Academy of Sciences", "573314e3d058e614000b56f2": "UNESCO World Heritage Site.", "573314e3d058e614000b56f3": "architectural", "573314e3d058e614000b56f4": "luxurious parks and royal gardens.", "5ad510be5b96ef001a10ab56": "", "5ad510be5b96ef001a10ab57": "", "5ad510be5b96ef001a10ab58": "", "5ad510be5b96ef001a10ab59": "", "5ad510be5b96ef001a10ab5a": "architectural", "57332442d058e614000b5720": "Warszawa,", "57332442d058e614000b5721": "\"belonging to Warsz\",", "57332442d058e614000b5722": "a 12th/13th-century nobleman", "57332442d058e614000b5723": "a village", "57332442d058e614000b5724": "miasto sto\u0142eczne Warszawa", "5ad50bb95b96ef001a10aaae": "", "5ad50bb95b96ef001a10aaaf": "", "5ad50bb95b96ef001a10aab0": "", "5ad50bb95b96ef001a10aab1": "", "5ad50bb95b96ef001a10aab2": "Warszawa", "57332562d058e614000b5730": "Jazd\u00f3w", "57332562d058e614000b5731": "The Prince of P\u0142ock,", "57332562d058e614000b5732": "1300.", "57332562d058e614000b5733": "1413.", "57332562d058e614000b5734": "1526.", "5ad4bea25b96ef001a109ef6": "Prince of P\u0142ock,", "5ad4bea25b96ef001a109ef7": "", "5ad4bea25b96ef001a109ef8": "", "5ad4bea25b96ef001a109ef9": "1413.", "5ad4bea25b96ef001a109efa": "1526.", "5733266d4776f41900660712": "General Sejm,", "5733266d4776f41900660713": "1569.", "5733266d4776f41900660714": "religious freedom in the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth.", "5733266d4776f41900660715": "Due to its central location between the Commonwealth's capitals of Krak\u00f3w and Vilnius,", "5733266d4776f41900660716": "1596.", "5ad4c99d5b96ef001a10a0a3": "", "5ad4c99d5b96ef001a10a0a4": "", "5ad4c99d5b96ef001a10a0a5": "", "5ad4c99d5b96ef001a10a0a6": "", "57332a734776f41900660726": "until 1796,", "57332a734776f41900660727": "Kingdom of Prussia", "57332a734776f41900660728": "Napoleon's", "57332a734776f41900660729": "1815,", "57332a734776f4190066072a": "1816.", "5ad4ca605b96ef001a10a0ca": "", "5ad4ca605b96ef001a10a0cb": "Napoleon's", "5ad4ca605b96ef001a10a0cc": "", "5ad4ca605b96ef001a10a0cd": "", "5ad4ca605b96ef001a10a0ce": "", "57332b66d058e614000b5758": "4 August 1915 until November 1918.", "57332b66d058e614000b5759": "areas controlled by Russia in 1914,", "57332b66d058e614000b575a": "Pi\u0142sudski", "57332b66d058e614000b575b": "1920,", "57332b66d058e614000b575c": "Red Army", "5ad4caf45b96ef001a10a0d4": "", "5ad4caf45b96ef001a10a0d5": "", "5ad4caf45b96ef001a10a0d6": "Pi\u0142sudski", "5ad4caf45b96ef001a10a0d7": "", "5ad4caf45b96ef001a10a0d8": "", "57332c1e4776f4190066073a": "1 September 1939", "57332c1e4776f4190066073b": "German Nazi colonial administration.", "57332c1e4776f4190066073c": "30%", "57332c1e4776f4190066073d": "19 April 1943,", "57332c1e4776f4190066073e": "almost a month.", "5ad50c9f5b96ef001a10aae0": "", "5ad50c9f5b96ef001a10aae1": "", "5ad50c9f5b96ef001a10aae2": "", "5ad50c9f5b96ef001a10aae3": "", "5ad50c9f5b96ef001a10aae4": "", "57332e48d058e614000b5762": "Red Army", "57332e48d058e614000b5763": "Stalin was hostile to the idea of an independent Poland,", "57332e48d058e614000b5764": "1 August 1944,", "57332e48d058e614000b5765": "63 days.", "57332e48d058e614000b5766": "between 150,000 and 200,000.", "5ad4cc135b96ef001a10a0f2": "", "5ad4cc135b96ef001a10a0f3": "", "5ad4cc135b96ef001a10a0f4": "1 August 1944,", "5ad4cc135b96ef001a10a0f5": "63 days.", "5ad4cc135b96ef001a10a0f6": "", "57332f81d058e614000b5776": "\"Bricks for Warsaw\"", "57332f81d058e614000b5777": "prefabricated", "57332f81d058e614000b5778": "Eastern Bloc city,", "57332f81d058e614000b5779": "Palace of Culture and Science,", "57332f81d058e614000b577a": "UNESCO's World Heritage list.", "5ad4cd6e5b96ef001a10a124": "", "5ad4cd6e5b96ef001a10a125": "", "5ad4cd6e5b96ef001a10a126": "", "5ad4cd6e5b96ef001a10a127": "", "5ad4cd6e5b96ef001a10a128": "", "573330444776f41900660758": "John Paul II's", "573330444776f41900660759": "anti-communist fervor", "573330444776f4190066075a": "less than a year", "573330444776f4190066075b": "Victory Square", "573330444776f4190066075c": "incentive for the democratic changes.", "5ad4d0ca5b96ef001a10a196": "", "5ad4d0ca5b96ef001a10a197": "", "5ad4d0ca5b96ef001a10a198": "", "5ad4d0ca5b96ef001a10a199": "", "5ad4d0ca5b96ef001a10a19a": "", "5733314e4776f4190066076a": "300", "5733314e4776f4190066076b": "(", "5733314e4776f4190066076c": "Vistula River.", "5733314e4776f4190066076d": "115.7 metres", "5733314e4776f4190066076e": "(at the right bank of the Vistula, by the eastern border of Warsaw).", "5ad4d1785b96ef001a10a1b2": "", "5ad4d1785b96ef001a10a1b3": "", "5ad4d1785b96ef001a10a1b4": "Vistula River.", "5ad4d1785b96ef001a10a1b5": "", "5ad4d1785b96ef001a10a1b6": "", "57335c20d058e614000b58f9": "two", "57335c20d058e614000b58fa": "Vistula Valley", "57335c20d058e614000b58fb": "The Vistula River", "57335c20d058e614000b58fc": "moraine", "57335c20d058e614000b58fd": "Warsaw Escarpment.", "5ad4d2855b96ef001a10a1da": "", "5ad4d2855b96ef001a10a1db": "", "5ad4d2855b96ef001a10a1dc": "", "5ad4d2855b96ef001a10a1dd": "", "5ad4d2855b96ef001a10a1de": "", "57335ddbd058e614000b592f": "plain moraine", "57335ddbd058e614000b5930": "former flooded terraces", "57335ddbd058e614000b5931": "valleys and ground depressions", "57335ddbd058e614000b5932": "the highest terrace.", "57335ddbd058e614000b5933": "(pine forest).", "5ad50de85b96ef001a10ab12": "", "5ad50de85b96ef001a10ab13": "valleys and ground depressions", "5ad50de85b96ef001a10ab14": "", "5ad50de85b96ef001a10ab15": "", "5ad50de85b96ef001a10ab16": "", "57335fcad058e614000b5970": "the turbulent history of the city and country.", "57335fcad058e614000b5971": "During the Second World War,", "57335fcad058e614000b5972": "After liberation,", "57335fcad058e614000b5973": "", "57335fcad058e614000b5974": "basic design typical of Eastern bloc countries.", "5ad4d55f5b96ef001a10a274": "", "5ad4d55f5b96ef001a10a275": "", "5ad4d55f5b96ef001a10a276": "", "5ad4d55f5b96ef001a10a277": "", "5ad4d55f5b96ef001a10a278": "", "573361404776f4190066093c": "Gothic architecture", "573361404776f4190066093d": "(14th century),", "573361404776f4190066093e": "Masovian gothic style,", "573361404776f4190066093f": "Renaissance", "573361404776f41900660940": "mannerist architecture", "5ad50f1c5b96ef001a10ab2e": "(15", "5ad50f1c5b96ef001a10ab2f": "", "5ad50f1c5b96ef001a10ab30": "", "5ad50f1c5b96ef001a10ab31": "", "5ad50f1c5b96ef001a10ab32": "", "573362b94776f41900660974": "the 17th century.", "573362b94776f41900660975": "(1688\u20131692).", "573362b94776f41900660976": "rococo architecture", "573362b94776f41900660977": "neoclassical architecture", "573362b94776f41900660978": "1775\u20131795),", "5ad4d8d65b96ef001a10a362": "", "5ad4d8d65b96ef001a10a363": "", "5ad4d8d65b96ef001a10a364": "", "5ad4d8d65b96ef001a10a365": "", "5ad4d8d65b96ef001a10a366": "", "5733638fd058e614000b59e8": "bourgeois architecture", "5733638fd058e614000b59e9": "were not restored by the communist authorities after the war", "5733638fd058e614000b59ea": "socialist realism", "5733638fd058e614000b59eb": "Warsaw University of Technology building", "5733638fd058e614000b59ec": "", "5ad4d9be5b96ef001a10a3b0": "", "5ad4d9be5b96ef001a10a3b1": "", "5ad4d9be5b96ef001a10a3b2": "", "5ad4d9be5b96ef001a10a3b3": "", "5ad4d9be5b96ef001a10a3b4": "", "5733647e4776f419006609ae": "many places", "5733647e4776f419006609af": "Pawiak,", "5733647e4776f419006609b0": "The Warsaw Citadel,", "5733647e4776f419006609b1": "the children who served as messengers and frontline troops in the Warsaw Uprising,", "5733647e4776f419006609b2": "Warsaw Uprising Monument", "5ad4da795b96ef001a10a3e6": "", "5ad4da795b96ef001a10a3e7": "", "5ad4da795b96ef001a10a3e8": "", "5ad4da795b96ef001a10a3e9": "", "5ad4da795b96ef001a10a3ea": "", "57336755d058e614000b5a3c": "The Saxon Garden,", "57336755d058e614000b5a3d": "100", "57336755d058e614000b5a3e": "east", "57336755d058e614000b5a3f": "the Krasi\u0144ski Palace Garden", "57336755d058e614000b5a40": "\u0141azienki Park", "5ad4db9f5b96ef001a10a43e": "", "5ad4db9f5b96ef001a10a43f": "", "5ad4db9f5b96ef001a10a440": "", "5ad4db9f5b96ef001a10a441": "", "5ad4db9f5b96ef001a10a442": "", "573368044776f41900660a29": "green spaces", "573368044776f41900660a2a": "New Orangery", "573368044776f41900660a2b": "Pole Mokotowskie", "573368044776f41900660a2c": "Park Ujazdowski", "573368044776f41900660a2d": "1927", "5ad4dc755b96ef001a10a46e": "", "5ad4dc755b96ef001a10a46f": "Park Skaryszewski", "5ad4dc755b96ef001a10a470": "", "5ad4dc755b96ef001a10a471": "", "5ad4dc755b96ef001a10a472": "New Orangery", "573368e54776f41900660a53": "location of Warsaw within the border region of several big floral regions", "573368e54776f41900660a54": "within the borders of Warsaw,", "573368e54776f41900660a55": "", "573368e54776f41900660a56": "Kabaty Forest", "573368e54776f41900660a57": "two", "5ad50fe55b96ef001a10ab4c": "", "5ad50fe55b96ef001a10ab4d": "", "5ad50fe55b96ef001a10ab4e": "", "5ad50fe55b96ef001a10ab4f": "", "5ad50fe55b96ef001a10ab50": "", "57337ddc4776f41900660bba": "13", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbb": "15 kilometres", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbc": "the otter, beaver and hundreds of bird species.", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbd": "several", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbe": "to clean them of plants and sediments.", "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a49e": "", "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a49f": "", "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4a0": "", "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4a1": "", "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4a2": "", "57337ea24776f41900660bd0": "Demographically,", "57337ea24776f41900660bd1": "Jewish", "57337ea24776f41900660bd2": "34%", "57337ea24776f41900660bd3": "833,500", "57337ea24776f41900660bd4": "internal migration and urbanisation.", "5ad4f1365b96ef001a10a70c": "", "5ad4f1365b96ef001a10a70d": "", "5ad4f1365b96ef001a10a70e": "", "5ad4f1365b96ef001a10a70f": "", "5ad4f1365b96ef001a10a710": "", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcb": "1,300,000", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcc": "420,000.", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcd": "(19", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bce": "that Varsovians thought of themselves as better only because they lived in the capital.", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcf": "residency registration", "5ad4f1c95b96ef001a10a726": "", "5ad4f1c95b96ef001a10a727": "", "5ad4f1c95b96ef001a10a728": "(19", "5ad4f1c95b96ef001a10a729": "", "5ad4f1c95b96ef001a10a72a": "", "57338007d058e614000b5bda": "multi-cultural", "57338007d058e614000b5bdb": "711,988", "57338007d058e614000b5bdc": "56.2%", "57338007d058e614000b5bdd": "2.8%", "57338007d058e614000b5bde": "1944.", "5ad4f28c5b96ef001a10a730": "", "5ad4f28c5b96ef001a10a731": "", "5ad4f28c5b96ef001a10a732": "", "5ad4f28c5b96ef001a10a733": "", "5ad4f28c5b96ef001a10a734": "", "573380e0d058e614000b5be9": "a commune", "573380e0d058e614000b5bea": "counties or powiats.", "573380e0d058e614000b5beb": "Krak\u00f3w", "5ad4f40c5b96ef001a10a774": "", "5ad4f40c5b96ef001a10a775": "", "5ad4f40c5b96ef001a10a776": "", "5ad4f40c5b96ef001a10a777": "", "5ad4f40c5b96ef001a10a778": "Krak\u00f3w", "57338160d058e614000b5bf9": "Warsaw City Council", "57338160d058e614000b5bfa": "60", "57338160d058e614000b5bfb": "every four years.", "57338160d058e614000b5bfc": "committees", "57338160d058e614000b5bfd": "30", "5ad4f4d95b96ef001a10a792": "Warsaw City Council", "5ad4f4d95b96ef001a10a793": "", "5ad4f4d95b96ef001a10a794": "", "5ad4f4d95b96ef001a10a795": "", "5ad4f4d95b96ef001a10a796": "", "57338255d058e614000b5c0d": "President.", "57338255d058e614000b5c0e": "Jan Andrzej Menich", "57338255d058e614000b5c0f": "(1695\u20131696).", "57338255d058e614000b5c10": "City council.", "57338255d058e614000b5c11": "Centrum", "5ad4f5765b96ef001a10a7a6": "", "5ad4f5765b96ef001a10a7a7": "", "5ad4f5765b96ef001a10a7a8": "1994\u20131999", "5ad4f5765b96ef001a10a7a9": "", "5ad4f5765b96ef001a10a7aa": "", "573382d24776f41900660c37": "(\u015ar\u00f3dmie\u015bcie),", "573382d24776f41900660c38": "304,016", "573382d24776f41900660c39": "emerging market.", "573382d24776f41900660c3a": "12%", "573382d24776f41900660c3b": "191.766 billion PLN,", "5ad4f63b5b96ef001a10a7c2": "", "5ad4f63b5b96ef001a10a7c3": "", "5ad4f63b5b96ef001a10a7c4": "", "5ad4f63b5b96ef001a10a7c5": "", "5ad4f63b5b96ef001a10a7c6": "", "5733834ed058e614000b5c26": "1817", "5733834ed058e614000b5c27": "World War II.", "5733834ed058e614000b5c28": "April 1991,", "5733834ed058e614000b5c29": "374", "5733834ed058e614000b5c2a": "Polish United Workers' Party", "5ad4f7235b96ef001a10a7dc": "", "5ad4f7235b96ef001a10a7dd": "", "5ad4f7235b96ef001a10a7de": "", "5ad4f7235b96ef001a10a7df": "", "5ad4f7235b96ef001a10a7e0": "", "573383d0d058e614000b5c35": "1951.", "573383d0d058e614000b5c36": "", "573383d0d058e614000b5c37": "Daewoo,", "573383d0d058e614000b5c38": "AvtoZAZ,", "573383d0d058e614000b5c39": "Chevrolet Aveo.", "5ad4f7df5b96ef001a10a7fa": "", "5ad4f7df5b96ef001a10a7fb": "", "5ad4f7df5b96ef001a10a7fc": "", "5ad4f7df5b96ef001a10a7fd": "", "5ad4f7df5b96ef001a10a7fe": "", "57339555d058e614000b5df3": "1816,", "57339555d058e614000b5df4": "Warsaw University of Technology", "57339555d058e614000b5df5": "2,000", "57339555d058e614000b5df6": "Medical University of Warsaw,", "57339555d058e614000b5df7": "Fryderyk Chopin University of Music", "5ad4f8b35b96ef001a10a82a": "", "5ad4f8b35b96ef001a10a82b": "", "5ad4f8b35b96ef001a10a82c": "", "5ad4f8b35b96ef001a10a82d": "", "5ad4f8b35b96ef001a10a82e": "", "57339902d058e614000b5e70": "1816,", "57339902d058e614000b5e71": "over two million", "57339902d058e614000b5e72": "", "57339902d058e614000b5e73": "Irena Bajerska,", "57339902d058e614000b5e74": "10,000 m2 (107,639.10 sq ft),", "5ad4faa45b96ef001a10a85a": "", "5ad4faa45b96ef001a10a85b": "", "5ad4faa45b96ef001a10a85c": "", "5ad4faa45b96ef001a10a85d": "", "5ad4faa45b96ef001a10a85e": "", "573399b54776f41900660e64": "infrastructure", "573399b54776f41900660e65": "the initial Three-Year Plan", "573399b54776f41900660e66": "solid economic growth,", "573399b54776f41900660e67": "improved markedly.", "5ad4fbeb5b96ef001a10a882": "", "5ad4fbeb5b96ef001a10a883": "", "5ad4fbeb5b96ef001a10a884": "", "5ad4fbeb5b96ef001a10a885": "", "5ad4fbeb5b96ef001a10a886": "", "57339a554776f41900660e74": "Warsaw", "57339a554776f41900660e75": "Children's Memorial Health Institute", "57339a554776f41900660e76": "Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Institute of Oncology", "57339a554776f41900660e77": "700", "57339a554776f41900660e78": "developed", "5ad4fd0f5b96ef001a10a896": "", "5ad4fd0f5b96ef001a10a897": "", "5ad4fd0f5b96ef001a10a898": "", "5ad4fd0f5b96ef001a10a899": "", "5ad4fd0f5b96ef001a10a89a": "developed", "57339ad74776f41900660e86": "musical", "57339ad74776f41900660e87": "events and festivals.", "57339ad74776f41900660e88": "Palace of Culture and Science,", "57339ad74776f41900660e89": "", "57339ad74776f41900660e8a": "events and festivals.", "5ad4fe635b96ef001a10a8b8": "", "5ad4fe635b96ef001a10a8b9": "", "5ad4fe635b96ef001a10a8ba": "", "5ad4fe635b96ef001a10a8bb": "", "5ad4fe635b96ef001a10a8bc": "", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec5": "Ogr\u00f3d Saski", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec6": "Ogr\u00f3d Saski (the Saxon Garden),", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec7": "1870 to 1939,", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec8": "Momus,", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec9": "Wojciech Bogus\u0142awski Theatre", "5ad4ff375b96ef001a10a8d6": "", "5ad4ff375b96ef001a10a8d7": "", "5ad4ff375b96ef001a10a8d8": "", "5ad4ff375b96ef001a10a8d9": "", "5ad4ff375b96ef001a10a8da": "", "57339dd94776f41900660ecc": "Wianki", "57339dd94776f41900660ecd": "thousands", "57339dd94776f41900660ece": "Midsummer\u2019s Night", "57339dd94776f41900660ecf": "when they would be married,", "57339dd94776f41900660ed0": "fern flower,", "5ad500e95b96ef001a10a912": "", "5ad500e95b96ef001a10a913": "thousands", "5ad500e95b96ef001a10a914": "Midsummer\u2019s Night", "5ad500e95b96ef001a10a915": "when they would be married, and to whom.", "5ad500e95b96ef001a10a916": "fern flower,", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef6": "art posters", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef7": "60", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef8": "prestigious ones", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef9": "paintings", "57339eb9d058e614000b5efa": "arms.", "5ad502385b96ef001a10a954": "", "5ad502385b96ef001a10a955": "", "5ad502385b96ef001a10a956": "", "5ad502385b96ef001a10a957": "", "5ad502385b96ef001a10a958": "", "5733a1854776f41900660f0a": "Warsaw Uprising Museum", "5733a1854776f41900660f0b": "Katy\u0144 Museum", "5733a1854776f41900660f0c": "stereoscopic", "5733a1854776f41900660f0d": "The Museum of Independence", "5733a1854776f41900660f0e": "60", "5ad5036c5b96ef001a10a984": "", "5ad5036c5b96ef001a10a985": "", "5ad5036c5b96ef001a10a986": "", "5ad5036c5b96ef001a10a987": "", "5ad5036c5b96ef001a10a988": "", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f28": "Royal Ujazd\u00f3w Castle", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f29": "500", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2a": "Zach\u0119ta National Gallery of Art,", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2b": "", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2c": "last weekend of September.", "5ad5041c5b96ef001a10a9ac": "", "5ad5041c5b96ef001a10a9ad": "", "5ad5041c5b96ef001a10a9ae": "", "5ad5041c5b96ef001a10a9af": "", "5ad5041c5b96ef001a10a9b0": "", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f32": "Polonia Warsaw,", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f33": "1946,", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f34": "twice", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f35": "Konwiktorska Street,", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f36": "their disastrous financial situation.", "5ad505165b96ef001a10a9f4": "", "5ad505165b96ef001a10a9f5": "", "5ad505165b96ef001a10a9f6": "", "5ad505165b96ef001a10a9f7": "", "5ad505165b96ef001a10a9f8": "", "5733a45d4776f41900660f23": "(syrenka)", "5733a45d4776f41900660f24": "The mermaid", "5733a45d4776f41900660f25": "since at least the mid-14th century.", "5733a45d4776f41900660f26": "1390,", "5733a45d4776f41900660f27": "a sword", "5ad5071f5b96ef001a10aa38": "mermaid", "5ad5071f5b96ef001a10aa39": "", "5ad5071f5b96ef001a10aa3a": "", "5ad5071f5b96ef001a10aa3b": "", "5ad5071f5b96ef001a10aa3c": "", "5733a560d058e614000b5f77": "", "5733a560d058e614000b5f78": "the depths of the oceans and seas.", "5733a560d058e614000b5f79": "the coast of Denmark", "5733a560d058e614000b5f7a": "Warszowa,", "5733a560d058e614000b5f7b": "captured the mermaid.", "5ad507d25b96ef001a10aa4c": "", "5ad507d25b96ef001a10aa4d": "", "5ad507d25b96ef001a10aa4e": "the coast of Denmark", "5ad507d25b96ef001a10aa4f": "", "5ad507d25b96ef001a10aa50": "", "5733a5f54776f41900660f44": "Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie,", "5733a5f54776f41900660f45": "the Nobel Prize.", "5733a5f54776f41900660f46": "musicians", "5733a5f54776f41900660f47": "seven months", "5733a5f54776f41900660f48": "1745.", "5ad508665b96ef001a10aa68": "", "5ad508665b96ef001a10aa69": "", "5ad508665b96ef001a10aa6a": "", "5ad508665b96ef001a10aa6b": "seven months", "5ad508665b96ef001a10aa6c": "", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f58": "Warsaw.", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f59": "1916", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5a": "Art Deco style", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5b": "poet,", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5c": "Isaac Bashevis Singer,", "5ad509615b96ef001a10aa7c": "Warsaw.", "5ad509615b96ef001a10aa7d": "", "5ad509615b96ef001a10aa7e": "", "5ad509615b96ef001a10aa7f": "", "5ad509615b96ef001a10aa80": "Isaac Bashevis Singer,", "5733cf61d058e614000b62e9": "(1754\u20131763)", "5733cf61d058e614000b62ea": "British America and New France,", "5733cf61d058e614000b62eb": "60,000", "5733cf61d058e614000b62ec": "2 million", "5ad3a01a604f3c001a3fe971": "", "5ad3a01a604f3c001a3fe972": "", "5ad3a01a604f3c001a3fe973": "Native American allies.", "5ad3a01a604f3c001a3fe974": "", "5ad3a01a604f3c001a3fe975": "", "5733cff84776f419006612b4": "primarily along the frontiers between New France and the British colonies, from Virginia in the South to Nova Scotia in the North.", "5733cff84776f419006612b5": "a dispute over control of the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers,", "5733cff84776f419006612b6": "May 1754,", "5ad3a076604f3c001a3fe9a7": "", "5ad3a076604f3c001a3fe9a8": "", "5ad3a076604f3c001a3fe9a9": "", "5ad3a076604f3c001a3fe9aa": "", "5ad3a076604f3c001a3fe9ab": "", "5733d13e4776f419006612c4": "1755,", "5733d13e4776f419006612c5": "None succeeded and the main effort by Braddock was a disaster;", "5733d13e4776f419006612c6": "poor management, internal divisions, and effective Canadian scouts, French regular forces, and Indian warrior allies.", "5733d13e4776f419006612c7": "Fort Beaus\u00e9jour", "5733d13e4776f419006612c8": "", "5ad3a16d604f3c001a3fe9e1": "", "5ad3a16d604f3c001a3fe9e2": "None succeeded and the main effort by Braddock was a disaster;", "5ad3a16d604f3c001a3fe9e3": "", "5ad3a16d604f3c001a3fe9e4": "", "5ad3a16d604f3c001a3fe9e5": "", "5733d249d058e614000b6331": "William Pitt", "5733d249d058e614000b6332": "France was unwilling to risk large convoys to aid the limited forces it had in New France.", "5733d249d058e614000b6333": "France concentrated its forces against Prussia and its allies in the European theatre of the war.", "5733d249d058e614000b6334": "Sainte Foy in Quebec,", "5ad3a1cd604f3c001a3fe9f5": "", "5ad3a1cd604f3c001a3fe9f6": "France was unwilling to risk large convoys", "5ad3a1cd604f3c001a3fe9f7": "", "5ad3a1cd604f3c001a3fe9f8": "", "5ad3a1cd604f3c001a3fe9f9": "", "5733d2dbd058e614000b6339": "France ceded its territory east of the Mississippi", "5733d2dbd058e614000b633a": "French Louisiana west of the Mississippi River (including New Orleans)", "5733d2dbd058e614000b633b": "one of the most significant developments in a century of Anglo-French conflict.", "5ad3a21d604f3c001a3fea1d": "", "5ad3a21d604f3c001a3fea1e": "", "5ad3a21d604f3c001a3fea1f": "", "5ad3a21d604f3c001a3fea20": "", "5ad3a21d604f3c001a3fea21": "", "5733d3cb4776f419006612ea": "1740s,", "5733d3cb4776f419006612eb": "it obscures the fact that Indians fought on both sides of the conflict,", "5733d3cb4776f419006612ec": "a much larger conflict between France and Great Britain.", "5733d3cb4776f419006612ed": "the Fourth Intercolonial War and the Great War for the Empire.", "5ad3a27c604f3c001a3fea31": "", "5ad3a27c604f3c001a3fea32": "", "5ad3a27c604f3c001a3fea33": "", "5ad3a27c604f3c001a3fea34": "", "5ad3a27c604f3c001a3fea35": "", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6353": "from the official declaration of war in 1756 to the signing of the peace treaty in 1763.", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6354": "six years,", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6355": "1760.", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6356": "Battle of Jumonville Glen", "5ad3a2e3604f3c001a3fea3b": "", "5ad3a2e3604f3c001a3fea3c": "", "5ad3a2e3604f3c001a3fea3d": "", "5ad3a2e3604f3c001a3fea3e": "", "5ad3a2e3604f3c001a3fea3f": "", "5733d5704776f4190066130e": "75,000", "5733d5704776f4190066130f": "", "5733d5704776f41900661310": "throughout the St. Lawrence and Mississippi watersheds,", "5ad3a342604f3c001a3fea59": "", "5ad3a342604f3c001a3fea5a": "", "5ad3a342604f3c001a3fea5b": "", "5ad3a342604f3c001a3fea5c": "", "5ad3a342604f3c001a3fea5d": "", "5733d68ed058e614000b637f": "20 to 1", "5733d68ed058e614000b6380": "ranged along the eastern coast of the continent, from Nova Scotia and Newfoundland in the north, to Georgia in the south.", "5733d68ed058e614000b6381": "along the coast,", "5ad3a38c604f3c001a3fea63": "", "5ad3a38c604f3c001a3fea64": "20 to 1", "5ad3a38c604f3c001a3fea65": "", "5ad3a38c604f3c001a3fea66": "", "5ad3a38c604f3c001a3fea67": "", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ab": "native tribes.", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ac": "Mi'kmaq and the Abenaki", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ad": "much of present-day Upstate New York and the Ohio Country,", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ae": "Iroquois rule,", "5ad3a3fc604f3c001a3fea77": "", "5ad3a3fc604f3c001a3fea78": "", "5ad3a3fc604f3c001a3fea79": "", "5ad3a3fc604f3c001a3fea7a": "", "5ad3a3fc604f3c001a3fea7b": "", "5733da01d058e614000b63f9": "", "5733da01d058e614000b63fa": "western portions of the Great Lakes region", "5733da01d058e614000b63fb": "Iroquois Six Nations, and also by the Cherokee", "5ad3a733604f3c001a3feac9": "", "5ad3a733604f3c001a3feaca": "", "5ad3a733604f3c001a3feacb": "", "5ad3a733604f3c001a3feacc": "", "5ad3a733604f3c001a3feacd": "", "5733dab4d058e614000b6409": "no French regular army troops were stationed in North America,", "5733dab4d058e614000b640a": "few British troops.", "5733dab4d058e614000b640b": "local militia companies,", "5ad3a79a604f3c001a3fead3": "", "5ad3a79a604f3c001a3fead4": "", "5ad3a79a604f3c001a3fead5": "", "5ad3a79a604f3c001a3fead6": "", "5ad3a79a604f3c001a3fead7": "Most British colonies mustered local militia companies,", "5733db8dd058e614000b6428": "3,000 miles (4,800 km)", "5733db8dd058e614000b6429": "200 Troupes de la marine and 30 Indians.", "5733db8dd058e614000b642a": "Whenever he encountered British merchants or fur-traders, C\u00e9loron informed them of the French claims on the territory and told them to leave.", "5ad3a7ef604f3c001a3feadd": "", "5ad3a7ef604f3c001a3feade": "", "5ad3a7ef604f3c001a3feadf": "", "5ad3a7ef604f3c001a3feae0": "200 Troupes de la marine and 30 Indians.", "5ad3a7ef604f3c001a3feae1": "", "5733dc95d058e614000b644a": "they would trade with the British regardless of the French.", "5733dc95d058e614000b644b": "Pickawillany,", "5733dc95d058e614000b644c": "threatened \"Old Briton\" with severe consequences", "5733dc95d058e614000b644d": "ignored the warning.", "5ad3a839604f3c001a3feaf1": "", "5ad3a839604f3c001a3feaf2": "", "5ad3a839604f3c001a3feaf3": "", "5ad3a839604f3c001a3feaf4": "", "5ad3a839604f3c001a3feaf5": "", "5733dd4f4776f419006613aa": "the Natives of these localities are very badly disposed towards the French, and are entirely devoted to the English.", "5733dd4f4776f419006613ab": "each side proposing that action be taken.", "5733dd4f4776f419006613ac": "British colonists would not be safe as long as the French were present.", "5ad3a893604f3c001a3feafb": "", "5ad3a893604f3c001a3feafc": "are entirely devoted to the English.", "5ad3a893604f3c001a3feafd": "", "5ad3a893604f3c001a3feafe": "", "5ad3a893604f3c001a3feaff": "", "5733e5a14776f4190066145b": "1749", "5733e5a14776f4190066145c": "Ohio Company of Virginia", "5733e5a14776f4190066145d": "Christopher Gist,", "5733e5a14776f4190066145e": "", "5733e5a14776f4190066145f": "", "5ad3a8fe604f3c001a3feb05": "", "5ad3a8fe604f3c001a3feb06": "", "5ad3a8fe604f3c001a3feb07": "", "5ad3a8fe604f3c001a3feb08": "", "5ad3a8fe604f3c001a3feb09": "", "5733e771d058e614000b6545": "King George's War)", "5733e771d058e614000b6546": "Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.", "5733e771d058e614000b6547": "", "5733e771d058e614000b6548": "", "5ad3ad01604f3c001a3febd3": "", "5ad3ad01604f3c001a3febd4": "King George's War)", "5ad3ad01604f3c001a3febd5": "Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.", "5ad3ad01604f3c001a3febd6": "resolving issues in Europe.", "5ad3ad01604f3c001a3febd7": "", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a6": "Marquis de la Jonqui\u00e8re,", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a7": "300 men,", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a8": "His objective was to punish the Miami people of Pickawillany for not following C\u00e9loron's orders to cease trading with the British.", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a9": "capturing three traders and killing 14 people of the Miami nation,", "5ad3ad60604f3c001a3fec03": "", "5ad3ad60604f3c001a3fec04": "", "5ad3ad60604f3c001a3fec05": "", "5ad3ad60604f3c001a3fec06": "", "5ad3ad60604f3c001a3fec07": "", "5733ea04d058e614000b6594": "", "5733ea04d058e614000b6595": "Presque Isle", "5733ea04d058e614000b6596": "Fort Le Boeuf", "5733ea04d058e614000b6597": "protect the King's land in the Ohio Valley from the British.", "5733ea04d058e614000b6598": "Tanaghrisson,", "5ad3ade2604f3c001a3fec15": "", "5ad3ade2604f3c001a3fec16": "", "5ad3ade2604f3c001a3fec17": "Presque Isle", "5ad3ade2604f3c001a3fec18": "", "5ad3ade2604f3c001a3fec19": "", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cc": "Superintendent for Indian Affairs", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cd": "Warraghiggey,", "5733eb34d058e614000b65ce": "colonel", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cf": "Mohawk Chief Hendrick,", "5ad3ae4f604f3c001a3fec47": "", "5ad3ae4f604f3c001a3fec48": "", "5ad3ae4f604f3c001a3fec49": "", "5ad3ae4f604f3c001a3fec4a": "", "5ad3ae4f604f3c001a3fec4b": "", "5733ef47d058e614000b662b": "Ohio Company,", "5733ef47d058e614000b662c": "Major George Washington", "5733ef47d058e614000b662d": "Jacob Van Braam as an interpreter; Christopher Gist, a company surveyor working in the area; and a few Mingo led by Tanaghrisson.", "5733ef47d058e614000b662e": "December 12,", "5ad3aedc604f3c001a3fec51": "", "5ad3aedc604f3c001a3fec52": "", "5ad3aedc604f3c001a3fec53": "", "5ad3aedc604f3c001a3fec54": "", "5ad3aedc604f3c001a3fec55": "", "5733f062d058e614000b6633": "Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre,", "5733f062d058e614000b6634": "the letter from Dinwiddie demanding an immediate French withdrawal from the Ohio Country.", "5733f062d058e614000b6635": "\"As to the Summons you send me to retire, I do not think myself obliged to obey it.\"", "5733f062d058e614000b6636": "Ren\u00e9-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle had explored the Ohio Country nearly a century earlier.", "5ad3af4e604f3c001a3fec73": "", "5ad3af4e604f3c001a3fec74": "", "5ad3af4e604f3c001a3fec75": "", "5ad3af4e604f3c001a3fec76": "\"As to the Summons you send me to retire, I do not think myself obliged to obey it.\"", "5ad3af4e604f3c001a3fec77": "", "5733f1784776f41900661575": "500 men", "5733f1784776f41900661576": "1754", "5733f1784776f41900661577": "Fort Duquesne.", "5ad3afa9604f3c001a3fec85": "", "5ad3afa9604f3c001a3fec86": "", "5ad3afa9604f3c001a3fec87": "", "5ad3afa9604f3c001a3fec88": "", "5ad3afa9604f3c001a3fec89": "", "5733f309d058e614000b6648": "surprised the Canadians", "5733f309d058e614000b6649": "They killed many of the Canadians, including their commanding officer, Joseph Coulon de Jumonville,", "5733f309d058e614000b664a": "regain authority over his own people.", "5ad3b08b604f3c001a3fecb1": "", "5ad3b08b604f3c001a3fecb2": "", "5ad3b08b604f3c001a3fecb3": "", "5ad3b08b604f3c001a3fecb4": "", "5ad3b08b604f3c001a3fecb5": "", "5733f410d058e614000b6663": "to dislodge the French.", "5733f410d058e614000b6664": "before Braddock's departure for North America.", "5733f410d058e614000b6665": "dispatched six regiments to New France", "5733f410d058e614000b6666": "blockade French ports,", "5ad3b147604f3c001a3fecd5": "to dislodge the French.", "5ad3b147604f3c001a3fecd6": "", "5ad3b147604f3c001a3fecd7": "", "5ad3b147604f3c001a3fecd8": "King Louis XV dispatched six regiments to New France", "5ad3b147604f3c001a3fecd9": "", "5733f5264776f419006615a3": "Albany Congress", "5733f5264776f419006615a4": "to formalize a unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians,", "5733f5264776f419006615a5": "The plan that the delegates agreed to was never ratified by the colonial legislatures nor approved of by the crown.", "5733f5264776f419006615a6": "political response to the opening of hostilities", "5ad3b1be604f3c001a3fece9": "", "5ad3b1be604f3c001a3fecea": "", "5ad3b1be604f3c001a3feceb": "", "5ad3b1be604f3c001a3fecec": "never ratified by the colonial legislatures nor approved of by the crown.", "5ad3b1be604f3c001a3feced": "", "5733f5f24776f419006615c1": "Braddock", "5733f5f24776f419006615c2": "disaster.", "5733f5f24776f419006615c3": "Approximately 1,000 British soldiers were killed or injured.", "5733f5f24776f419006615c4": "Washington and Thomas Gage,", "5ad3b260604f3c001a3fed05": "", "5ad3b260604f3c001a3fed06": "", "5ad3b260604f3c001a3fed07": "", "5ad3b260604f3c001a3fed08": "", "5ad3b260604f3c001a3fed09": "", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66a9": "Shirley and Johnson.", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66aa": "logistical", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ab": "his absence", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ac": "garrisons", "5ad3b2e8604f3c001a3fed23": "", "5ad3b2e8604f3c001a3fed24": "", "5ad3b2e8604f3c001a3fed25": "", "5ad3b2e8604f3c001a3fed26": "", "5ad3b2e8604f3c001a3fed27": "", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f7": "Marquis de Vaudreuil.", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f8": "sent Dieskau to Fort St. Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f9": "both sides withdrawing from the field.", "5733f8dc4776f419006615fa": "Fort William Henry,", "5733f8dc4776f419006615fb": "Ticonderoga Point,", "5ad3b373604f3c001a3fed49": "", "5ad3b373604f3c001a3fed4a": "", "5ad3b373604f3c001a3fed4b": "", "5ad3b373604f3c001a3fed4c": "Fort William Henry,", "5ad3b373604f3c001a3fed4d": "Ticonderoga Point,", "5733f9fa4776f4190066161f": "Colonel Monckton,", "5733f9fa4776f41900661620": "ordered the deportation of the French-speaking Acadian population from the area.", "5733f9fa4776f41900661621": "Petitcodiac in 1755 and at Bloody Creek near Annapolis Royal in 1757.", "5ad3b3dc604f3c001a3fed67": "", "5ad3b3dc604f3c001a3fed68": "", "5ad3b3dc604f3c001a3fed69": "", "5ad3b3dc604f3c001a3fed6a": "", "5ad3b3dc604f3c001a3fed6b": "", "5733faaf4776f4190066162f": "William Shirley", "5733faaf4776f41900661630": "Albany", "5733faaf4776f41900661631": "Fort Frontenac on the north shore of Lake Ontario and an expedition through the wilderness of the Maine district and down the Chaudi\u00e8re River to attack the city of Quebec.", "5733faaf4776f41900661632": "Maine district", "5ad3b498604f3c001a3fed7b": "", "5ad3b498604f3c001a3fed7c": "", "5ad3b498604f3c001a3fed7d": "", "5ad3b498604f3c001a3fed7e": "", "5ad3b498604f3c001a3fed7f": "", "5733fb7bd058e614000b66ff": "James Abercrombie", "5733fb7bd058e614000b6700": "Major General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm", "5733fb7bd058e614000b6701": "May 18, 1756,", "5ad3b4e8604f3c001a3fed99": "", "5ad3b4e8604f3c001a3fed9a": "", "5ad3b4e8604f3c001a3fed9b": "", "5ad3b4e8604f3c001a3fed9c": "", "5ad3b4e8604f3c001a3fed9d": "", "5733fc6ed058e614000b670f": "the Oneida Carry.", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6710": "attack against the forts Shirley had erected at the Oneida Carry.", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6711": "45,000 pounds", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6712": "British hopes for campaigns on Lake Ontario,", "5ad3b567604f3c001a3fedb3": "", "5ad3b567604f3c001a3fedb4": "", "5ad3b567604f3c001a3fedb5": "attack against the forts Shirley had erected at the Oneida Carry.", "5ad3b567604f3c001a3fedb6": "", "5ad3b567604f3c001a3fedb7": "", "5733fd66d058e614000b6735": "Abercrombie", "5733fd66d058e614000b6736": "Ticonderoga,", "5733fd66d058e614000b6737": "Oswego", "5733fd66d058e614000b6738": "the disposition of prisoners' personal effects.", "5ad3b6d8604f3c001a3fedfb": "Ticonderoga,", "5ad3b6d8604f3c001a3fedfc": "", "5ad3b6d8604f3c001a3fedfd": "", "5ad3b6d8604f3c001a3fedfe": "Albany, Montcalm slipped away and led the successful attack on Oswego", "5ad3b6d8604f3c001a3fedff": "", "5733fe73d058e614000b673d": "an attack on New France's capital, Quebec.", "5733fe73d058e614000b673e": "to distract Montcalm,", "5733fe73d058e614000b673f": "William Pitt,", "5733fe73d058e614000b6740": "returned to New York amid news that a massacre had occurred at Fort William Henry.", "5ad3b781604f3c001a3fee23": "", "5ad3b781604f3c001a3fee24": "", "5ad3b781604f3c001a3fee25": "", "5ad3b781604f3c001a3fee26": "", "5ad3b781604f3c001a3fee27": "returned to New York", "5733ffa7d058e614000b674f": "French irregular forces", "5733ffa7d058e614000b6750": "Lake George,", "5733ffa7d058e614000b6751": "attacked the British column,", "5ad3b826604f3c001a3fee47": "", "5ad3b826604f3c001a3fee48": "", "5ad3b826604f3c001a3fee49": "", "5ad3b826604f3c001a3fee4a": "", "5ad3b826604f3c001a3fee4b": "attacked the British column,", "57340111d058e614000b677d": "British blockade of the French coastline", "57340111d058e614000b677e": "poor harvest", "57340111d058e614000b677f": "St. Lawrence,", "5ad3b911604f3c001a3fee63": "", "5ad3b911604f3c001a3fee64": "", "5ad3b911604f3c001a3fee65": "", "5ad3b911604f3c001a3fee66": "", "5ad3b911604f3c001a3fee67": "defense of the St. Lawrence,", "5734025d4776f419006616c3": "British failures in North America,", "5734025d4776f419006616c4": "Duke of Cumberland.", "5734025d4776f419006616c5": "three major offensive actions", "5734025d4776f419006616c6": "Two", "5ad3b9cd604f3c001a3fee87": "", "5ad3b9cd604f3c001a3fee88": "", "5ad3b9cd604f3c001a3fee89": "", "5ad3b9cd604f3c001a3fee8a": "", "5ad3b9cd604f3c001a3fee8b": "", "573403394776f419006616dd": "3,600", "573403394776f419006616de": "", "573403394776f419006616df": "he sent John Bradstreet on an expedition that successfully destroyed Fort Frontenac,", "573403394776f419006616e0": "Abercrombie was recalled and replaced by Jeffery Amherst,", "5ad3ba81604f3c001a3fee9b": "3,600", "5ad3ba81604f3c001a3fee9c": "", "5ad3ba81604f3c001a3fee9d": "", "5ad3ba81604f3c001a3fee9e": "Abercrombie saved something from the disaster when he sent John Bradstreet on an expedition that successfully destroyed Fort Frontenac,", "5ad3ba81604f3c001a3fee9f": "Abercrombie was recalled and replaced by Jeffery Amherst,", "57340549d058e614000b67dd": "an invasion of Britain,", "57340549d058e614000b67de": "The invasion failed both militarily and politically,", "57340549d058e614000b67df": "Lagos and Quiberon Bay.", "5ad3bb12604f3c001a3feeb9": "", "5ad3bb12604f3c001a3feeba": "an invasion of Britain,", "5ad3bb12604f3c001a3feebb": "The invasion failed both militarily and politically,", "5ad3bb12604f3c001a3feebc": "The invasion failed both militarily and politically,", "5ad3bb12604f3c001a3feebd": "", "573406d1d058e614000b6801": "James Wolfe", "573406d1d058e614000b6802": "successfully cut off the French frontier forts further to the west and south.", "573406d1d058e614000b6803": "Battle of Sainte-Foy,", "573406d1d058e614000b6804": "the British were able to prevent the arrival of French relief ships in the naval Battle of the Restigouche", "5ad3bb68604f3c001a3feec3": "", "5ad3bb68604f3c001a3feec4": "", "5ad3bb68604f3c001a3feec5": "", "5ad3bb68604f3c001a3feec6": "", "5ad3bb68604f3c001a3feec7": "", "573407d7d058e614000b6813": "Governor Vaudreuil", "573407d7d058e614000b6814": "", "573407d7d058e614000b6815": "", "5ad3bbcc604f3c001a3feecd": "", "5ad3bbcc604f3c001a3feece": "", "5ad3bbcc604f3c001a3feecf": "", "5ad3bbcc604f3c001a3feed0": "", "5ad3bbcc604f3c001a3feed1": "", "573408ef4776f41900661757": "10 February 1763,", "573408ef4776f41900661758": "15 February 1763.", "573408ef4776f41900661759": "France chose to cede the former,", "573408ef4776f4190066175a": "", "5ad3bc28604f3c001a3feedf": "", "5ad3bc28604f3c001a3feee0": "", "5ad3bc28604f3c001a3feee1": "", "5ad3bc28604f3c001a3feee2": "", "5ad3bc28604f3c001a3feee3": "", "57340a094776f4190066177d": "80,000", "57340a094776f4190066177e": "1755", "57340a094776f4190066177f": "throughout its North American provinces,", "57340a094776f41900661780": "New Orleans,", "5ad3bce5604f3c001a3feefb": "", "5ad3bce5604f3c001a3feefc": "", "5ad3bce5604f3c001a3feefd": "", "5ad3bce5604f3c001a3feefe": "", "5ad3bce5604f3c001a3feeff": "", "57340b1bd058e614000b6869": "King George III", "57340b1bd058e614000b686a": "outlined the division and administration of the newly conquered territory,", "57340b1bd058e614000b686b": "west of the Appalachian Mountains", "5ad3bd30604f3c001a3fef0f": "", "5ad3bd30604f3c001a3fef10": "", "5ad3bd30604f3c001a3fef11": "", "5ad3bd30604f3c001a3fef12": "", "5ad3bd30604f3c001a3fef13": "", "57340d124776f419006617bf": "", "57340d124776f419006617c0": "construction of military roads to the area by Braddock and Forbes.", "57340d124776f419006617c1": "1769)", "57340d124776f419006617c2": "tribes", "57340d124776f419006617c3": "Cuba,", "5ad3bd87604f3c001a3fef23": "", "5ad3bd87604f3c001a3fef24": "", "5ad3bd87604f3c001a3fef25": "1769)", "5ad3bd87604f3c001a3fef26": "", "5ad3bd87604f3c001a3fef27": "", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e71": "force", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e72": "A fundamental error", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e73": "Sir Isaac Newton", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e74": "three hundred years.", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e75": "Einstein", "5ad25efad7d075001a428f56": "", "5ad25efad7d075001a428f57": "", "5ad25efad7d075001a428f58": "Galileo Galilei and Sir Isaac Newton.", "5ad25efad7d075001a428f59": "motion and force", "5ad25efad7d075001a428f5a": "", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7b": "a Standard Model", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7c": "gauge bosons", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7d": "", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7e": "", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7f": "electroweak interaction.", "5ad25f82d7d075001a428f84": "", "5ad25f82d7d075001a428f85": "", "5ad25f82d7d075001a428f86": "", "5ad25f82d7d075001a428f87": "", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e85": "Aristotle", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e86": "Aristotelian cosmology.", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e87": "four", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e88": "on the ground", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e89": "unnatural", "5ad2605dd7d075001a428fc6": "", "5ad2605dd7d075001a428fc7": "", "5ad2605dd7d075001a428fc8": "", "5ad2605dd7d075001a428fc9": "", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e8f": "17th century", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e90": "Galileo Galilei,", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e91": "", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e92": "Galileo Galilei,", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e93": "", "5ad26103d7d075001a428fec": "", "5ad26103d7d075001a428fed": "", "5ad26103d7d075001a428fee": "Galileo Galilei,", "5ad26103d7d075001a428fef": "", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e99": "Newton's", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9a": "", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9b": "", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9c": "", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9d": "", "5ad261a4d7d075001a429048": "", "5ad261a4d7d075001a429049": "", "5ad261a4d7d075001a42904a": "", "5ad261a4d7d075001a42904b": "", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea3": "the laws of physics", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea4": "curving parabolic", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea5": "at rest:", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea6": "Inertia", "5ad26257d7d075001a42909c": "", "5ad26257d7d075001a42909d": "the person", "5ad26257d7d075001a42909e": "", "5ad26257d7d075001a42909f": "the vehicle that is at rest or the outside world that is at rest,", "573749741c4567190057445d": "inertia", "573749741c4567190057445e": "rotational inertia", "573749741c4567190057445f": "Albert Einstein", "573749741c45671900574460": "weightlessness", "573749741c45671900574461": "principle of equivalence", "5ad262f7d7d075001a4290d4": "", "5ad262f7d7d075001a4290d5": "", "5ad262f7d7d075001a4290d6": "", "5ad262f7d7d075001a4290d7": "", "573750f51c45671900574467": "Newton's Second Law", "573750f61c45671900574468": "kinematic", "573750f61c45671900574469": "General relativity", "573750f61c4567190057446a": "General relativity", "573750f61c4567190057446b": "fixed.", "5ad26382d7d075001a42911a": "", "5ad26382d7d075001a42911b": "", "5ad26382d7d075001a42911c": "", "5ad26382d7d075001a42911d": "", "5737534ec3c5551400e51eab": "Newton's Third Law", "5737534ec3c5551400e51eac": "", "5737534ec3c5551400e51ead": "unidirectional", "5737534ec3c5551400e51eae": "F and \u2212F are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.", "5ad26421d7d075001a42913e": "", "5ad26421d7d075001a42913f": "", "5ad26421d7d075001a429140": "the second body exerts a force \u2212F on the first body.", "573755afc3c5551400e51eb3": "the center of mass", "573755afc3c5551400e51eb4": "closed", "573755afc3c5551400e51eb5": "the mass of the system.:19-1", "5ad266f6d7d075001a4291fe": "", "5ad266f6d7d075001a4291ff": "", "5ad266f6d7d075001a429200": "", "5ad266f6d7d075001a429201": "", "573766251c45671900574471": "intuitive understanding", "573766251c45671900574472": "", "573766251c45671900574473": "Newtonian mechanics.", "573766251c45671900574474": "Through experimentation,", "5ad26797d7d075001a429236": "", "5ad26797d7d075001a429237": "", "5ad26797d7d075001a429238": "force", "5ad26797d7d075001a429239": "", "57376828c3c5551400e51eb9": "\"vector quantities\".", "57376828c3c5551400e51eba": "scalar quantities).", "57376828c3c5551400e51ebb": "Associating forces with vectors", "57376828c3c5551400e51ebc": "ambiguous.", "57376828c3c5551400e51ebd": "you do not know which direction either person is pulling,", "5ad26839d7d075001a42925a": "", "5ad26839d7d075001a42925b": "", "5ad26839d7d075001a42925c": "", "5ad26839d7d075001a42925d": "", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec3": "conditions of static equilibrium", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec4": "magnitude and direction.", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec5": "the resultant (also called the net force),", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec6": "their respective lines of application", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec7": "parallelogram", "5ad26925d7d075001a4292c4": "", "5ad26925d7d075001a4292c5": "", "5ad26925d7d075001a4292c6": "", "5ad26925d7d075001a4292c7": "", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecd": "independent components", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ece": "two", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecf": "the original force.", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed0": "Orthogonal components", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed1": "", "5ad269a7d7d075001a4292e0": "", "5ad269a7d7d075001a4292e1": "", "5ad269a7d7d075001a4292e2": "", "5ad269a7d7d075001a4292e3": "", "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed7": "static friction,", "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed8": "static friction,", "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed9": "the applied force", "57376df3c3c5551400e51eda": "increases or decreases in response to the applied force", "5ad26a5fd7d075001a429318": "a situation where the object does not move", "5ad26a5fd7d075001a429319": "", "5ad26a5fd7d075001a42931a": "static friction", "5ad26a5fd7d075001a42931b": "", "57377083c3c5551400e51edf": "forces,", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee0": "\"spring reaction force\",", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee1": "object's weight.", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee2": "force of gravity", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee3": "Isaac Newton", "5ad26aedd7d075001a429332": "", "5ad26aedd7d075001a429333": "", "5ad26aedd7d075001a429334": "", "5ad26aedd7d075001a429335": "", "573776eec3c5551400e51ee9": "Galileo", "573776eec3c5551400e51eea": "rest.", "573776eec3c5551400e51eeb": "Aristotle's", "573776eec3c5551400e51eec": "behind the foot of the mast", "573776eec3c5551400e51eed": "at the foot of the mast,", "5ad26c15d7d075001a42937c": "", "5ad26c15d7d075001a42937d": "", "5ad26c15d7d075001a42937e": "", "5ad26c15d7d075001a42937f": "", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef3": "dynamic equilibrium", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef4": "kinetic friction force", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef5": "kinetic friction", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef6": "Aristotle", "5ad27697d7d075001a429518": "", "5ad27697d7d075001a429519": "", "5ad27697d7d075001a42951a": "", "5ad27697d7d075001a42951b": "", "57377aac1c45671900574479": "the Schr\u00f6dinger equation", "57377aac1c4567190057447a": "Newtonian equations.", "57377aac1c4567190057447b": "classical position variables,", "57377aac1c4567190057447c": "\"quantized\",", "57377aac1c4567190057447d": "", "5ad2772cd7d075001a42953e": "", "5ad2772cd7d075001a42953f": "", "5ad2772cd7d075001a429540": "", "5ad2772cd7d075001a429541": "", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efb": "\"", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efc": "Pauli principle", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efd": "spin,", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efe": "symmetric", "57377c98c3c5551400e51eff": "", "5ad277d3d7d075001a429546": "fermions", "5ad277d3d7d075001a429547": "", "5ad277d3d7d075001a429548": "", "5ad277d3d7d075001a429549": "", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f05": "as a mathematical by-product", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f06": "force", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f07": "The conservation of momentum", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f08": "Feynman", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f09": "a", "5ad278c3d7d075001a42957c": "", "5ad278c3d7d075001a42957d": "", "5ad278c3d7d075001a42957e": "", "5ad278c3d7d075001a42957f": "", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f0f": "four", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f10": "The strong and weak forces", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f11": "electromagnetic force", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f12": "masses.", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f13": "Pauli exclusion principle,", "5ad27941d7d075001a4295a8": "", "5ad27941d7d075001a4295a9": "four", "5ad27941d7d075001a4295aa": "", "5ad27941d7d075001a4295ab": "The strong and weak forces", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f19": "Isaac Newton", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1a": "20th", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1b": "unification", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1c": "", "5ad279e5d7d075001a4295c2": "", "5ad279e5d7d075001a4295c3": "", "5ad279e5d7d075001a4295c4": "", "5ad279e5d7d075001a4295c5": "", "573784fa1c45671900574483": "Isaac Newton.", "573784fa1c45671900574484": "Galileo", "573784fa1c45671900574485": "", "573784fa1c45671900574486": "sea level", "573784fa1c45671900574487": "", "5ad27a80d7d075001a4295fa": "", "5ad27a80d7d075001a4295fb": "", "5ad27a80d7d075001a4295fc": "", "5ad27a80d7d075001a4295fd": "", "573786b51c4567190057448d": "larger distances.", "573786b51c4567190057448e": "", "573786b51c4567190057448f": "the mass of the attracting body.", "573786b51c45671900574490": "radius", "5ad27e30d7d075001a429700": "", "5ad27e30d7d075001a429701": "", "5ad27e30d7d075001a429702": "", "5ad27e30d7d075001a429703": "", "57378862c3c5551400e51f21": "a dimensional constant", "57378862c3c5551400e51f22": "Henry Cavendish", "57378862c3c5551400e51f23": "1798", "57378862c3c5551400e51f24": "Newton,", "5ad27f01d7d075001a429742": "", "5ad27f01d7d075001a429743": "", "5ad27f01d7d075001a429744": "", "5ad27f01d7d075001a429745": "", "5737898f1c45671900574495": "Mercury", "5737898f1c45671900574496": "(Vulcan)", "5737898f1c45671900574497": "theory of general relativity", "5737898f1c45671900574498": "Albert Einstein", "5737898f1c45671900574499": "Albert Einstein", "5ad27fb9d7d075001a429782": "", "5ad27fb9d7d075001a429783": "", "5ad27fb9d7d075001a429784": "theory of general relativity", "5ad27fb9d7d075001a429785": "", "57378b141c4567190057449f": "general relativity", "57378b141c456719005744a0": "straight line", "57378b141c456719005744a1": "\"gravitational force\".", "57378b141c456719005744a2": "a", "5ad28035d7d075001a4297a6": "", "5ad28035d7d075001a4297a7": "", "5ad28035d7d075001a4297a8": "", "5ad28035d7d075001a4297a9": "", "57378c9b1c456719005744a7": "Lorentz's Law", "57378c9b1c456719005744a8": "electric current", "57378c9b1c456719005744a9": "electromagnetic force", "57378c9b1c456719005744aa": "electrostatic force (due to the electric field) and the magnetic force (due to the magnetic field).", "5ad280d4d7d075001a4297d6": "", "5ad280d4d7d075001a4297d7": "magnetism", "5ad280d4d7d075001a4297d8": "", "5ad280d4d7d075001a4297d9": "", "57378e311c456719005744af": "James Clerk Maxwell", "57378e311c456719005744b0": "1864", "57378e311c456719005744b1": "20", "57378e311c456719005744b2": "4", "57378e311c456719005744b3": "James Clerk Maxwell", "5ad28173d7d075001a4297fa": "", "5ad28173d7d075001a4297fb": "", "5ad28173d7d075001a4297fc": "", "5ad28173d7d075001a4297fd": "James Clerk Maxwell", "573792ee1c456719005744b9": "", "573792ee1c456719005744ba": "quantum mechanics.", "573792ee1c456719005744bb": "quantum electrodynamics", "573792ee1c456719005744bc": "photons.", "573792ee1c456719005744bd": "quantum electrodynamics", "5ad28237d7d075001a429820": "", "5ad28237d7d075001a429821": "", "5ad28237d7d075001a429822": "", "5ad28237d7d075001a429823": "electromagnetism", "5737958b1c456719005744c3": "repulsion of like charges under the influence of the electromagnetic force.", "5737958b1c456719005744c4": "Pauli exclusion principle.[citation", "5737958b1c456719005744c5": "energy", "5737958b1c456719005744c6": "as a structural force,", "5ad283bcd7d075001a42985a": "", "5ad283bcd7d075001a42985b": "", "5ad283bcd7d075001a42985c": "", "5ad283bcd7d075001a42985d": "", "573796edc3c5551400e51f33": "elementary particles.", "573796edc3c5551400e51f34": "a residual of the force", "573796edc3c5551400e51f35": "as the nuclear force.", "573796edc3c5551400e51f36": "", "573796edc3c5551400e51f37": "color confinement.", "5ad28471d7d075001a429876": "", "5ad28471d7d075001a429877": "", "5ad28471d7d075001a429878": "", "5ad28471d7d075001a429879": "", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3d": "weak force", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3e": "", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3f": "", "57379829c3c5551400e51f40": "1013", "57379829c3c5551400e51f41": "1015 kelvins.", "5ad28597d7d075001a4298ae": "", "5ad28597d7d075001a4298af": "", "5ad28597d7d075001a4298b0": "", "5ad28597d7d075001a4298b1": "", "57379a4b1c456719005744cd": "Pauli repulsion", "57379a4b1c456719005744ce": "Pauli repulsion", "57379a4b1c456719005744cf": "fermionic nature of electrons)", "57379a4b1c456719005744d0": "", "5ad28614d7d075001a4298c0": "", "5ad28614d7d075001a4298c1": "", "5ad28614d7d075001a4298c2": "", "5ad28614d7d075001a4298c3": "", "57379ed81c456719005744d5": "ideal strings that are massless, frictionless, unbreakable, and unstretchable.", "57379ed81c456719005744d6": "ideal pulleys,", "57379ed81c456719005744d7": "instantaneously in action-reaction pairs", "57379ed81c456719005744d8": "conservation of mechanical energy", "57379ed81c456719005744d9": "connecting the same string multiple times to the same object through the use of a set-up that uses movable pulleys,", "5ad2866ed7d075001a4298e6": "", "5ad2866ed7d075001a4298e7": "", "5ad2866ed7d075001a4298e8": "", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f47": "", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f48": "", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f49": "extended fluids,", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4a": "other parts of an object.", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4b": "", "5ad286fdd7d075001a429900": "", "5ad286fdd7d075001a429901": "", "5ad286fdd7d075001a429902": "", "5ad286fdd7d075001a429903": "", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f51": "", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f52": "", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f53": "pressure terms", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f54": "", "5ad2877cd7d075001a429912": "", "5ad2877cd7d075001a429913": "", "5ad2877cd7d075001a429914": "", "5ad2877cd7d075001a429915": "", "5737a4511c456719005744df": "", "5737a4511c456719005744e0": "unbalanced torque.", "5737a4511c456719005744e1": "Newton's Second Law of Motion", "5ad28846d7d075001a42992e": "", "5ad28846d7d075001a42992f": "", "5ad28846d7d075001a429930": "angular velocity", "5ad28846d7d075001a429931": "First Law of Motion,", "5737a5931c456719005744e7": "the center of the curving path.", "5737a5931c456719005744e8": "perpendicular", "5737a5931c456719005744e9": "radial (centripetal) force,", "5737a5931c456719005744ea": "radial", "5737a5931c456719005744eb": "tangential force,", "5ad288e1d7d075001a429970": "", "5ad288e1d7d075001a429971": "", "5ad288e1d7d075001a429972": "", "5ad288e1d7d075001a429973": "", "5737a7351c456719005744f1": "kinetic", "5737a7351c456719005744f2": "potential", "5737a7351c456719005744f3": "net mechanical energy", "5737a7351c456719005744f4": "difference in potential energy", "5737a7351c456719005744f5": "", "5ad2895bd7d075001a429982": "", "5ad2895bd7d075001a429983": "", "5ad2895bd7d075001a429984": "", "5ad2895bd7d075001a429985": "", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f59": "forces as being due to gradient of potentials.", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5a": "macrophysical considerations that yield forces as arising from a macroscopic statistical average of microstates.", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5b": "", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5c": "Nonconservative forces", "5ad289c2d7d075001a42999e": "", "5ad289c2d7d075001a42999f": "", "5ad289c2d7d075001a4299a0": "", "5ad289c2d7d075001a4299a1": "", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f61": "statistical mechanics.", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f62": "", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f63": "", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f64": "the Second law of thermodynamics,", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f65": "nonconservative forces", "5ad28a57d7d075001a4299b0": "", "5ad28a57d7d075001a4299b1": "", "5ad28a57d7d075001a4299b2": "", "5ad28a57d7d075001a4299b3": "", "5737aafd1c456719005744fb": "", "5737aafd1c456719005744fc": "kilopond),", "5737aafd1c456719005744fd": "the metric slug", "5737aafd1c456719005744fe": "", "5737aafd1c456719005744ff": "", "5ad28ad0d7d075001a4299cc": "", "5ad28ad0d7d075001a4299cd": "", "5ad28ad0d7d075001a4299ce": "", "5ad28ad0d7d075001a4299cf": "" }