{"question": "卧位腰椎穿刺,脑脊液压力正常值是(  )。", "options": {"A": "80~180mmH2O(0.78~1.76kPa)", "B": "50~70mmH2O(0.49~0.69kPa)", "C": "230~250mmH2O(2.25~2.45kPa)", "D": "260~280mmH2O(2.55~2.74kPa)"}, "answer": "80~180mmH2O(0.78~1.76kPa)", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性儿童,左肘摔伤急诊就医。小夹板外固定后,前臂高度肿胀,手部青白发凉,麻木无力,经拍X线片,诊断为左肱骨髁上骨折,若不及时处理,其最可能的后果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "缺血性骨坏死", "B": "骨化性肌炎", "C": "关节僵硬", "D": "缺血性肌挛缩"}, "answer": "缺血性肌挛缩", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对痢疾病人做生物学检查,下列哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "取粪便标本分离培养", "B": "取黏液性或脓血性粪便涂片,做革兰染色镜检", "C": "取标本接种于肠道选择培养基培养", "D": "最后做血清学鉴定"}, "answer": "取黏液性或脓血性粪便涂片,做革兰染色镜检", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗哮喘严重持续状态时,宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "静注琥珀酸氢化可的松", "B": "肌注麻黄碱", "C": "色甘酸钠气雾吸入", "D": "异丙托溴铵气雾吸入"}, "answer": "静注琥珀酸氢化可的松", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不属于机体自然获得免疫的方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎儿或新生儿从母体获得免疫", "B": "机体患病后获得免疫", "C": "接收细胞因子获得免疫", "D": "机体隐性感染后获得"}, "answer": "接收细胞因子获得免疫", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肝硬化时,脾肿大的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脾窦巨噬细胞增多", "B": "脾索纤维组织增生", "C": "脾窦扩张红细胞淤滞", "D": "淋巴小结内大量中性粒细胞浸润"}, "answer": "脾窦扩张红细胞淤滞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "MBR的实测值与正常平均值比较,正常变动范圈是(  )。", "options": {"A": "±(3%~5%)", "B": "±(5%~8%)", "C": "±(10%~15%)", "D": "±(15%~25%)"}, "answer": "±(10%~15%)", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,18岁。3小时前剧烈活动时,右下腹部剧烈疼痛,恶心、呕吐2次,体温37.5℃。肛查子宫右侧触及活动良好、触痛明显、手拳头大肿物。2.最适当的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "进行腹腔镜检查明确诊断", "B": "进行腹部穿刺明确诊断", "C": "抗结核药物治疗", "D": "行剖腹探查"}, "answer": "行剖腹探查", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "直肠肛管周围脓肿最常见的发病部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肛门周围皮下", "B": "肛管括约肌间隙", "C": "坐骨肛管间隙", "D": "直肠壁内"}, "answer": "肛门周围皮下", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "造成气流受限的病因中,最常出现肺脏弹性回缩力减弱的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "弥漫性细支气管炎", "B": "支气管扩张", "C": "慢性支气管炎", "D": "阻塞性肺气肿"}, "answer": "阻塞性肺气肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,23岁。1个月前分娩后出现失眠、心情烦躁。近2周加重,认为自己很笨,没有能力带好小孩,怕小孩夭折,觉得丈夫不再喜欢自己了,猜疑丈夫有外遇,整日以泪洗面,称不想活了,基至要带着孩子一起去死,遂入院治疗。2.患者经治疗后,情绪逐渐好转,近1周显兴奋、容易激动,好管闲事,自我感觉良好,称将来要成为中国女首富,丈夫根本配不上自己。目前最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "妄想性障碍", "B": "环形心境障碍", "C": "双相障碍,躁狂发作", "D": "精神分裂症"}, "answer": "双相障碍,躁狂发作", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "Horner征由下述哪一种病因引起?(  )", "options": {"A": "眼交感神经麻痹", "B": "眼副交感神经兴奋", "C": "眼副交感神经麻痹", "D": "动眼神经麻痹"}, "answer": "眼交感神经麻痹", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "清除率是指两肾在单位时间内将血浆中某物质完全清除出去的(  )。", "options": {"A": "血浆量(体积,ml)", "B": "血容量", "C": "能力", "D": "循环血量"}, "answer": "血浆量(体积,ml)", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,24岁,吸烟,近一年来右下肢行走后疼痛,休息后好转,出现间歇性跛行。近一月来,右脚拇趾变黑、皱缩、失去知觉。此种病变应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "液化性坏死", "B": "固缩坏死", "C": "干性坏疽", "D": "湿性坏疽"}, "answer": "干性坏疽", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是奥美拉唑的作用机制?(  )", "options": {"A": "黏膜保护药", "B": "胃壁细胞H+泵抑制药", "C": "H2-受体阻断药", "D": "M胆碱受体阻断药"}, "answer": "胃壁细胞H+泵抑制药", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,70岁。外阴、阴道灼热感4天。妇科检查:阴道黏膜有散在出血点,阴道内少许分泌物,呈淡黄色。3.该患者首选的外用药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "制霉菌素", "B": "红霉素", "C": "孕激素", "D": "雌激素"}, "answer": "雌激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪一项结果不符合溶血性贫血?(  )", "options": {"A": "网织红细胞增加", "B": "尿中尿胆原排泄增加", "C": "血中非结合性胆红素增加", "D": "血清结合珠蛋白增加"}, "answer": "血清结合珠蛋白增加", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "临床常选用对乙酰氨基酚治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "感冒发烧", "B": "急性痛风", "C": "类风湿性关节炎", "D": "预防血栓形成"}, "answer": "感冒发烧", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,3岁。被牵拉前臂后,出现肘部疼痛,不愿用手取物,桡骨近端压痛。Ⅹ线片检查未见骨折征象。最适宜的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "手法复位", "B": "切开探查", "C": "石膏固定", "D": "肩部固定带悬吊"}, "answer": "手法复位", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "诊断宫内早孕最可靠的辅助检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿妊娠试验", "B": "基础体温测定", "C": "B型超声检查", "D": "阴道脱落细胞学检测"}, "answer": "B型超声检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.生后2个月开始形成(  )。", "options": {"A": "第一个条件反射", "B": "感觉相关的条件反射", "C": "兴奋性和抑制性条件反射", "D": "握持反射"}, "answer": "感觉相关的条件反射", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "Millard-Gubler综合征的表现不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "本侧面神经瘫痪", "B": "本侧展神经瘫痪", "C": "对侧舌下神经瘫痪", "D": "眼球侧视运动障碍"}, "answer": "眼球侧视运动障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.急性低位小肠梗阻,心率120次/分,血压90/60mmHg,尿少,口不渴(  )。", "options": {"A": "低钾血症", "B": "等渗性缺水", "C": "水过多", "D": "低钙血症"}, "answer": "等渗性缺水", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,21岁,右利,突然癫痫发作并伴头痛、呕吐、颈项强直、低热、命名性失语。6.假如上述检查不满意,应做下述哪项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "DSA", "B": "B超", "C": "PET(正电子发射计算机断层扫描)", "D": "EEG"}, "answer": "DSA", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "最有助于提示室性心动过速的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "QRS波群宽大畸形", "B": "心律规则", "C": "心室夺获", "D": "ST段下斜型压低"}, "answer": "心室夺获", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "单卵双生中一人在40岁以前出现糖尿病,另一人也发生糖尿病,其中多数情况为(  )。", "options": {"A": "1型糖尿病", "B": "2型糖尿病", "C": "糖耐量异常", "D": "妊娠期糖尿病"}, "answer": "1型糖尿病", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,28岁。停经3个月,早孕反应消失,阴道少许流血2天。妇科检查:宫口闭,子宫如妊娠8周大,质软,双侧附件区未触及异常。2.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "完全流产", "B": "难免流产", "C": "流产感染", "D": "稽留流产"}, "answer": "稽留流产", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "我国围生期定义为(  )。", "options": {"A": "自妊娠20周到生后7足天", "B": "自妊娠28周到生后7足天", "C": "自妊娠20周到生后14足天", "D": "自妊娠28周到生后14足天"}, "answer": "自妊娠28周到生后7足天", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "断肢再植术后,血管吻合通畅,患肢(指)的皮温应比健侧(  )。", "options": {"A": "高1~2℃", "B": "低1~2℃", "C": "高2~3℃", "D": "一致"}, "answer": "高1~2℃", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.滑车神经支配的肌肉是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上斜肌", "B": "下斜肌", "C": "眼轮匝肌", "D": "瞳孔开大肌"}, "answer": "上斜肌", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "社区获得性肺炎最常见的致病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "流感嗜血杆菌", "B": "嗜肺军团菌", "C": "肺炎链球菌", "D": "葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "肺炎链球菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "细支气管不完全阻塞所致的阻塞性通气障碍可导致(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺纤维化", "B": "支气管扩张", "C": "气胸", "D": "肺气肿"}, "answer": "肺气肿", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是目前最常用的智力高低表示法?(  )", "options": {"A": "百分位数", "B": "离差智商", "C": "比率智商", "D": "项目数"}, "answer": "离差智商", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于生理性贫血出现的原因,以下错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞破坏增加", "B": "骨髓暂时性造血功能低下", "C": "循环血量迅速增加", "D": "红细胞寿命长"}, "answer": "红细胞寿命长", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,53岁,近一年来怕脏,不敢倒垃圾,不敢上公共厕所,在街上遇到垃圾车也怕,会反复洗手,自己知道不应该,但不能控制。为此感到苦恼而就诊。3.最宜联合使用的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "电抽搐治疗", "B": "经颅磁刺激治疗", "C": "家庭治疗", "D": "认知行为治疗"}, "answer": "认知行为治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是交感缩血管神经节后纤维释放的递质?(  )", "options": {"A": "乙酰胆碱", "B": "去甲肾上腺素", "C": "肾上腺素", "D": "血管紧张素"}, "answer": "去甲肾上腺素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.胸部X线见双肺下野中内带小斑片状阴影(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管炎", "B": "毛细支气管炎", "C": "支气管肺炎", "D": "支原体肺炎"}, "answer": "支气管肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.环磷酰胺的主要不良反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏毒性", "B": "肾脏毒性", "C": "骨髓毒性", "D": "皮肤毒性"}, "answer": "骨髓毒性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.青春期无排卵性功能失调性子宫出血的体温特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "基础体温单相,无低温相", "B": "基础体温双相,高温相下降缓慢", "C": "基础体温双相,低温相短", "D": "基础体温单相,无高温相"}, "answer": "基础体温单相,无高温相", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于操纵基因的叙述,下述哪项是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "与阻遏蛋白结合的部位", "B": "属于结构基因的一部分", "C": "与RNA聚合酶结合的部位", "D": "是结构基因的转录"}, "answer": "与阻遏蛋白结合的部位", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,45岁。间断咳嗽2年,每年均于秋季出现,干咳为主,夜间明显,伴憋气,常常影响睡眠,白天症状常不明显,使用多种药物抗感染治疗无效,持续1~2个月后症状可自行消失,本次入秋后再次出现上述症状,体格检查未见明显异常,胸部X线片未见明显异常,通气功能正常。为明确诊断,宜采取的进一步检查措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管镜", "B": "睡眠呼吸监测", "C": "支气管激发试验", "D": "血气分析"}, "answer": "支气管激发试验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,38岁,四肢无力,双下肢水肿及皮下出血点2个月,查尿蛋白(++),红细胞(++),ANA(+),有光过敏,诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多发性肌炎", "B": "系统性红斑狼疮", "C": "急性肾小球肾炎", "D": "过敏性紫癜"}, "answer": "系统性红斑狼疮", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者男性40岁,不否认有性乱行为,近月来发热、食少、消瘦,全身淋巴结肿大,更有白细胞减少,疑其感染HIV病毒,下述哪项有助于初步诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "血常规", "B": "免疫印染法查抗体", "C": "酶免测抗体", "D": "放免测抗体"}, "answer": "酶免测抗体", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.自身免疫性溶血性贫血(  )。", "options": {"A": "酸溶血试验阳性", "B": "抗人球蛋白试验阳性", "C": "血红蛋白电泳试验异常", "D": "高铁血红蛋白还原试验异常"}, "answer": "抗人球蛋白试验阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "青年男性外伤致右肱骨干骨折,折端外露。查体:有垂腕、垂指畸形,虎口感觉障碍。2.该患者正确的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "清创后手法复位,内固定,观察2个月,桡神经功能不恢复时再次手术治疗", "B": "清创缝合,手法复位,石膏固定", "C": "清创后手法复位,加压钢板内固定,探查桡神经并修复加外固定", "D": "清创缝合,牵引治疗"}, "answer": "清创后手法复位,加压钢板内固定,探查桡神经并修复加外固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.高血压属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "心理疾病", "B": "心身疾病", "C": "心身反应", "D": "心身障碍"}, "answer": "心身疾病", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.髋关节结核,未经治疗常发生的畸形是(  )。", "options": {"A": "髋关节功能保存", "B": "局部形成窦道", "C": "髋关节骨性强直", "D": "髋关节形成前屈内收畸形"}, "answer": "髋关节形成前屈内收畸形", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对诊断消化性溃疡穿孔最有价值的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "突发上腹部剧痛", "B": "腹式呼吸消失", "C": "上腹部压痛明显", "D": "肝浊音界消失"}, "answer": "突发上腹部剧痛", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,10岁,发育正常,无明显症状。听诊于胸骨左缘第2、3肋间2级收缩期杂音,心电图显示右心室肥厚及不完全性右束支传导阻滞。2.为确诊,选用下述哪一项无创性检查最好?(  )", "options": {"A": "心电图", "B": "多普勒彩色血流显像", "C": "心导管检查", "D": "心血管造影"}, "answer": "多普勒彩色血流显像", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "乳腺癌癌瘤长径约4cm,该肿瘤属(  )。", "options": {"A": "Tis", "B": "T2", "C": "T3", "D": "T4"}, "answer": "T2", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "乳房发生乳腺癌最常见的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳头部位", "B": "外上部位", "C": "内下部位", "D": "外下部位"}, "answer": "外上部位", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项不是颅前窝骨折的临床表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "“熊猫眼”征", "B": "脑脊液鼻漏", "C": "周围性面神经瘫", "D": "一侧嗅觉丧失"}, "answer": "周围性面神经瘫", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "上腹部手术的拆线日期是术后(  )。", "options": {"A": "4~5日", "B": "7~10日", "C": "10~12日", "D": "14日"}, "answer": "7~10日", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,12岁。1个月前无明显诱因出现左胫骨近端肿痛,逐渐加重,皮肤表面静脉怒张,皮温增高。X线片见左胫骨近端呈溶骨性破坏,伴有骨膜日光放射表现。3.最适宜的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对症治疗", "B": "单纯截肢术", "C": "放疗", "D": "放疗+保肢治疗"}, "answer": "放疗+保肢治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,发热起病,乏力、腹胀、食欲缺乏,发病第9天出现躁动不安,神志不清,巩膜及皮肤深度黄染,肝界缩小,注射部位可见瘀斑,血胆红素定量300μmol/L,ALTl50U/L,血清蛋白29g/L。3.下述哪一项治疗措施是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "静脉滴注支链氨基酸", "B": "静脉滴注含短链脂肪酸脂肪乳", "C": "口服乳果糖", "D": "精氨酸静脉滴注"}, "answer": "静脉滴注含短链脂肪酸脂肪乳", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5.动作电位产生过程中,膜内电位由负变正称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "极化", "B": "复极化", "C": "反极化", "D": "超极化"}, "answer": "反极化", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是甘油磷脂合成最活跃的组织?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑", "B": "肺", "C": "骨", "D": "肝脏"}, "answer": "肝脏", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于胃肠道手术的术前准备,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "术前1~2天进流食", "B": "术前2~3天开始静脉点滴抗菌药物", "C": "术前12小时禁食,4小时禁饮", "D": "必要时可行胃肠减压"}, "answer": "术前2~3天开始静脉点滴抗菌药物", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "明尼苏达多项人格调查表最初是根据什么需要编制的?(  )", "options": {"A": "职业选择", "B": "临床医学", "C": "人类学研究", "D": "精神病临床"}, "answer": "人类学研究", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,7岁。发热、头痛、恶心、呕吐2天,嗜睡1天。查体:39.5℃,浅昏迷,瞳孔等大,对光反射存在,腹部可见多个出血点,颈抵抗(+),克氏征(+)。实验室检查:血WBC 19×109/L,N 0.85。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "B": "流行性乙脑炎", "C": "中毒型细菌性痢疾", "D": "肾综合征出血热"}, "answer": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.早产儿出生体重1450g被称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "足月小样儿", "B": "极低出生体重儿", "C": "早产儿", "D": "巨大儿"}, "answer": "极低出生体重儿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "原位溶血时红细胞破坏的部位最主要是在(  )。", "options": {"A": "脾脏", "B": "肝脏", "C": "骨髓", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "骨髓", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在流行病学研究中,由因到果的研究为(  )。", "options": {"A": "生态学研究", "B": "队列研究", "C": "现况研究", "D": "病例对照研究"}, "answer": "队列研究", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "吗啡主要适用于(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性钝痛", "B": "急性锐痛", "C": "分娩镇痛", "D": "肾绞痛"}, "answer": "急性锐痛", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列属于对冲性脑挫裂伤的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "额部着力出现额叶的损伤", "B": "枕部着力出现枕叶的损伤", "C": "着力点处大脑凸面的损伤", "D": "左枕着力出现右额颞极的损伤"}, "answer": "左枕着力出现右额颞极的损伤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.治疗外阴阴道念珠菌病宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "孕激素", "B": "雄激素", "C": "甲硝唑", "D": "克霉唑"}, "answer": "克霉唑", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在汇入门静脉的血流中,来自脾的血液约占(  )。", "options": {"A": "25%", "B": "15%", "C": "10%", "D": "20%"}, "answer": "20%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,女,2岁半,走路时有蹲踞现象,剧烈哭闹时,突然出现呼吸困难,晕厥2次,查体见口唇青紫,心前区隆起,胸骨左缘第2~4肋间有2~3级收缩期喷射状杂音,向锁骨下传导;就诊时又晕厥一次,发作时杂音消失。3.下列哪项是法洛四联征最常见的并发症?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺炎", "B": "脑血栓,脑脓肿", "C": "心功能不全", "D": "偏瘫"}, "answer": "脑血栓,脑脓肿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "意志活动的基本特征包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "有目的的行动、克服困难的行动、随意运动", "B": "确定目的、克服困难、实现目标", "C": "自觉性、果断性、坚韧性、自制性", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "有目的的行动、克服困难的行动、随意运动", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于缺铁性贫血的铁剂治疗,以下说法正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "注射铁剂有效", "B": "口服铁剂与维生素B12同服效果较好", "C": "一旦红细胞计数恢复正常,铁治疗就可终止", "D": "有效的铁剂治疗开始后48小时就可见到症状好转"}, "answer": "注射铁剂有效", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不是分枝杆菌特性的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "生长慢并有分枝生长的趋势", "B": "专性需氧", "C": "营养要求不高", "D": "毒力和耐药性均可发生变异"}, "answer": "营养要求不高", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "腹部闭合性损伤时,不支持腹腔内脏损伤诊断的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "早期出现休克", "B": "腹膜刺激征", "C": "有气腹征", "D": "肠鸣音活跃"}, "answer": "肠鸣音活跃", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "23岁,农民,因高热、全身肌肉酸痛7天,黄疸2天入院。查体:结膜充血,巩膜轻度黄疸,肝肋下1.0cm,脾不大。血象:WBC83×109/L,N0.72,L0.28;尿蛋白(+);总胆红素60μmol/L,ALT350U/L;肥达反应“O”1:40,H:1:320;凝集溶解试验1:400;外斐反应OX 1:80。考虑诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "斑疹伤寒", "B": "伤寒", "C": "钩端螺旋体病", "D": "流行性出血热"}, "answer": "钩端螺旋体病", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "分娩时最主要的产力是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫收缩力", "B": "腹肌收缩力", "C": "膈肌收缩力", "D": "腹压力"}, "answer": "子宫收缩力", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿1岁,可见胸骨串珠、膈肋沟、手镯及脚镯,前囟为1.5cm×1.5cm,血钙为2.25mmol/L,血磷为1.0mmol/L,X线可见干骺端呈杯口改变,临时钙化带消失,诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "软骨营养不良", "B": "甲状腺功能低下", "C": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病", "D": "维生素D依赖性佝偻病"}, "answer": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.原发性甲状腺功能亢进是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "自身免疫性疾病", "B": "病毒感染", "C": "血钙降低", "D": "碘缺乏"}, "answer": "自身免疫性疾病", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "张某,女性,35岁。一个月前因多发性子宫肌瘤行子宫切除术,术后恢复良好,但病人情绪低落,常常独自流泪,各种兴趣下降,整夜难眠,经常出现轻生的念头。2.病人这种情绪反应强度主要取决于(  )。", "options": {"A": "病情对生活的影响", "B": "病情对于前途的影响", "C": "病人经济上损失", "D": "病人赋予所失去东西的主观价值"}, "answer": "病人赋予所失去东西的主观价值", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "系膜增生性肾小球肾炎增生的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球球囊壁层上皮细胞", "B": "肾小球球囊脏层上皮细胞", "C": "肾小球系膜细胞和内皮细胞", "D": "肾小球系膜细胞"}, "answer": "肾小球系膜细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,70岁。摔伤后右髋关节处疼痛。入院后行x线片示:外展型嵌插型股骨颈骨折。正确的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "髋人字石膏外固定", "B": "立即行人工股骨头置换术", "C": "皮牵引6~8周后,三刃钉内固定", "D": "持续皮牵引固定6~8周"}, "answer": "持续皮牵引固定6~8周", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,38岁,胃大部切除、毕Ⅱ式吻合术后20d,进食后30min上腹突然胀痛,喷射性呕吐大量不含食物的胆汁,吐后腹痛消失,最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吻合口梗阻", "B": "慢性不完全性输入段梗阻", "C": "输出段梗阻", "D": "倾倒综合征"}, "answer": "慢性不完全性输入段梗阻", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,10个月。出生后反复呼吸道感染,脉搏168次/分,胸骨左缘第3~4肋间可闻及Ⅲ级粗糙收缩期杂音,双肺闻及湿啰音。该患儿的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "室间隔缺损合并急性支气管肺炎", "B": "房间隔缺损合并急性支气管肺炎", "C": "动脉导管未闭合并支气管肺炎", "D": "单纯性室间隔缺损"}, "answer": "室间隔缺损合并急性支气管肺炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "红霉素的抗菌作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制DNA的合成", "B": "与30S亚基结合,抑制蛋白质合成", "C": "与50S亚基结合,抑制蛋白质合成", "D": "抑制二氢叶酸合成酶"}, "answer": "与50S亚基结合,抑制蛋白质合成", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不属于条件致病性真菌的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "白色念珠菌", "B": "曲霉菌", "C": "皮肤癣菌", "D": "新型隐球菌"}, "answer": "皮肤癣菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不影响补体激活旁路途径的成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "C5", "B": "C8", "C": "C1,C2,C4", "D": "C3"}, "answer": "C1,C2,C4", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于肌红蛋白和血红蛋白的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "都属于色蛋白类", "B": "都可以和氧结合", "C": "两者都含有铁", "D": "都是含有辅基的结合蛋白"}, "answer": "两者都含有铁", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列有关电烧伤抗休克补液,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "早期补液量应高于烧伤补液量", "B": "成人补液要求适宜尿量30~50ml/小时", "C": "儿童输液量要求尿量达到每小时每公斤体重2ml", "D": "使用甘露醇"}, "answer": "成人补液要求适宜尿量30~50ml/小时", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,25岁。溢乳并继发性闭经1年,无孕产史。妇科检查未见异常。实验室检查:血PRL升高。蝶鞍MRI发现垂体微腺瘤,首选的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用溴隐亭", "B": "应用GnRH-α", "C": "手术治疗", "D": "放射治疗"}, "answer": "应用溴隐亭", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列克罗恩病的表现中,哪项最少见?(  )", "options": {"A": "腹痛", "B": "腹泻", "C": "腹部包块", "D": "癌变"}, "answer": "癌变", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "阿托品对眼睛的作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "散瞳、升高眼内压和调节麻痹", "B": "散瞳、降低眼内压和调节麻痹", "C": "散瞳、升高眼内压和调节痉挛", "D": "缩瞳、升高眼内压和调节痉挛"}, "answer": "散瞳、升高眼内压和调节麻痹", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "酵解过程中可被别构调节的限速酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳酸脱氢酶", "B": "6-磷酸果糖激酶-1", "C": "醛缩酶", "D": "磷酸己糖异构酶"}, "answer": "6-磷酸果糖激酶-1", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是营养物质吸收最主要的部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "口腔", "B": "食管", "C": "胃", "D": "小肠"}, "answer": "小肠", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "初产妇,26岁。规律宫缩13小时,已破膜,产科检查:枕左前位,胎心率92次/分,宫口开全,胎头S=+3。该患者正确的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "会阴侧切后产钳助娩", "B": "吸氧、备血", "C": "等待自然分娩", "D": "会阴侧切后自然分娩"}, "answer": "会阴侧切后产钳助娩", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.与肝细胞性黄疸检查结果符合的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血间接胆红素升高,直接胆红素正常", "B": "尿含铁血黄素阳性", "C": "血直接、间接胆红素均升高,尿胆原阳性", "D": "血直接胆红素升高,尿胆原阴性"}, "answer": "血直接、间接胆红素均升高,尿胆原阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有一名16岁男孩,2小时前3楼掉下一花盆击伤左顶部,当时有短暂意识障碍,左顶部有1.5cm长头皮不全裂伤,局部头皮肿胀,正侧切位颅片示左顶凹陷骨折,陷入深度0.5cm,头颅CT示左顶凹陷骨折,局部头皮肿胀。1.该病例诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑震荡", "B": "头皮裂伤", "C": "开放凹陷性颅骨骨折", "D": "闭合性凹陷性颅骨骨折,头皮裂伤(不全),脑震荡"}, "answer": "闭合性凹陷性颅骨骨折,头皮裂伤(不全),脑震荡", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "风湿性舞蹈病的临床特征中哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "以四肢和面部为主的不自主、无目的的快速运动", "B": "兴奋和注意力集中时消失", "C": "病程呈自限性", "D": "其动作入睡后可消失"}, "answer": "兴奋和注意力集中时消失", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.真菌感染引起的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺孢子菌感染", "B": "大叶性肺炎", "C": "肺结核病", "D": "小叶性肺炎"}, "answer": "肺孢子菌感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于生殖器疱疹的传播途径,以下哪项叙述是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "间接接触污染有病毒的生活用品也有可能造成传染", "B": "孕妇感染HSV-2后,可在分娩时传染胎儿", "C": "无症状的感染者不具有传染性", "D": "一般来说孕妇发生原发性生殖器瘤疹传染胎儿的几率大于孕妇发生复发性生殖器疱疹几率"}, "answer": "无症状的感染者不具有传染性", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有关糖尿病的概念不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是一组临床综合征", "B": "胰岛素绝对缺乏是最主要的改变", "C": "高血糖是本病的重要标志", "D": "可引起蛋白质、脂肪、水、电解质代谢紊乱"}, "answer": "胰岛素绝对缺乏是最主要的改变", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪一种药物能防止和逆转慢性心功能不全引起的心室肥厚并能降低病死率?(  )", "options": {"A": "地高辛", "B": "氢氯噻嗪", "C": "硝普钠", "D": "卡托普利"}, "answer": "卡托普利", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,23岁,甲状腺弥漫性肿大,无突眼,甲状腺摄碘试验:2h 25%,24h 50%。清晨空腹时脉搏80次/min,血压120/80mmHg(16/10kPa),SPECT检查甲状腺无结节,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性甲状腺功能亢进", "B": "甲状腺功能减退", "C": "结节性甲状腺肿", "D": "单纯性甲状腺肿"}, "answer": "单纯性甲状腺肿", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,30岁。有四肢关节疼痛病史,近半年来,时感心悸,活动后气急,休息后缓解。体检:两颧紫红色,口唇轻度发绀,听诊心尖区闻及舒张期隆隆样杂音,胸骨左缘第3~4肋间可闻及二尖瓣开放拍击音,P2亢进、分裂。1.应首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄", "B": "风湿性心脏病二尖瓣关闭不全", "C": "风湿性心脏病主动脉瓣狭窄", "D": "风湿性心脏病主动脉瓣关闭不全"}, "answer": "风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,42岁。乏力、面色苍白20年。感冒后出现恶心、呕吐1周,意识模糊1天。查体: BP 90/60mmHg,血钠125mmol/L,血钾4.0mmol/L。眉毛外1/3、阴毛、腋毛脱落。1.需要重点追问的病史是(  )。", "options": {"A": "家族史", "B": "毒物接触史", "C": "分娩哺乳史", "D": "药物治疗史"}, "answer": "分娩哺乳史", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "补体系统在激活后可以(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制超敏反应", "B": "裂解细菌", "C": "启动抗体的类别转换", "D": "结合细胞毒性T细胞"}, "answer": "裂解细菌", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "妊娠时维持妊娠黄体功能的主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "黄体生成素", "B": "孕激素", "C": "雌激素", "D": "人绒毛膜促性腺激素"}, "answer": "人绒毛膜促性腺激素", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.在不少变态反应性疾病及寄生虫感染时血清中含量明显升高的抗体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgA", "B": "IgG", "C": "IgD", "D": "IgE"}, "answer": "IgE", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "Tc在抗感染中主要抵御的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "布氏杆菌", "B": "破伤风杆菌", "C": "肺炎球菌", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "布氏杆菌", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "视乳头水肿在临床诊断颅内病变时的意义是(  )。", "options": {"A": "无视乳头水肿,可排除颅内占位病变", "B": "视乳头水肿,对颅内占位病变性质有鉴别价值", "C": "无视乳头水肿,可排除颅内压增高", "D": "视乳头水肿,是颅内压增高的重要体征之一"}, "answer": "视乳头水肿,是颅内压增高的重要体征之一", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.腺病毒肺炎多为(  )。", "options": {"A": "热型不定", "B": "中低度发热", "C": "稽留高热或驰张热", "D": "驰张热"}, "answer": "稽留高热或驰张热", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "治疗立克次体病的首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "庆大霉素", "B": "链霉素", "C": "四环素", "D": "多黏菌素"}, "answer": "四环素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小脑幕切迹疝临床表现的主要特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "剧烈头痛", "B": "意识障碍发生较早", "C": "呼吸骤停发生较早", "D": "血压、脉搏、呼吸改变"}, "answer": "意识障碍发生较早", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪种情况下常出现双下肢对称性紫癜伴荨麻疹?(  )", "options": {"A": "过敏性紫癜", "B": "血小板减少", "C": "激素性紫癜", "D": "特发性血小板增多症"}, "answer": "过敏性紫癜", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,70岁,下楼时不慎摔伤右髋部,查体:右下肢缩短,外旋50°畸形,右髋肿胀不明显,但有叩痛。3.该患者最易发生的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脂肪栓塞", "B": "坐骨神经损伤", "C": "髋内翻畸形", "D": "股骨头缺血性坏死"}, "answer": "股骨头缺血性坏死", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "预防甲亢手术术后出现甲状腺危象最关键的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "术前使基础代谢率降至正常", "B": "术中尽量少切甲状腺组织", "C": "术后充分使用镇静药", "D": "术后加强护理"}, "answer": "术前使基础代谢率降至正常", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "房缺者,胸骨左缘下方听到舒张期杂音,提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺动脉高压", "B": "左向右分流量大", "C": "合并室间隔缺损", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "以上都不是", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.早期急性血源性骨髓炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "疼痛与压痛在长骨干骺端,压痛局限深在,红肿不明显", "B": "疼痛压痛在关节,红肿明显,关节活动障碍", "C": "疼痛与压痛表浅", "D": "疼痛与压痛在长骨骨干"}, "answer": "疼痛与压痛在长骨干骺端,压痛局限深在,红肿不明显", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在细菌生长过程中,哪一期细菌生长最快、生物学性状最典型?(  )", "options": {"A": "对数期", "B": "迟缓期", "C": "减数期", "D": "衰退期"}, "answer": "对数期", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "8个月女婴,频繁抽搐,高热4天,脑脊液检查:压力升高,外观微混,细胞数1200×10g/L,中性粒细胞70%,淋巴细胞30%,糖2.2mmol/L,氯化物100 mmol/L,该患儿首选治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "雷米封+链霉素", "B": "头孢三嗪", "C": "两性霉素B", "D": "青霉素+庆大霉素"}, "answer": "头孢三嗪", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,62岁。近两月来常有吞咽困难,伴隐痛,但可进半流质饮食,自感体力不支,逐渐消瘦。1.该病人首选考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "食管憩室", "B": "食管癌", "C": "食管平滑肌瘤", "D": "贲门失弛缓症"}, "answer": "食管癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "色甘酸钠预防哮喘发作的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有较强的抗炎作用", "B": "有较强的抗过敏作用", "C": "阻止抗原与抗体结合", "D": "稳定肥大细胞膜,抑制过敏介质释放"}, "answer": "稳定肥大细胞膜,抑制过敏介质释放", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,65岁。反复不规律上腹部胀痛3年,胃镜诊断为萎缩性胃炎。2.该患者如考虑为A型胃炎,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不出现厌食、体重下降", "B": "不出现恶性贫血", "C": "胃酸升高", "D": "主要位于胃体部"}, "answer": "主要位于胃体部", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男性,39岁农民,持续发热10d,体温呈稽留热。体检:精神萎靡,反应淡漠,体温39.5℃,心率76/min,肝肋下1.5cm,脾肋下2cm。外周血WBC 14×109/L,中性粒细胞44%,淋巴细胞60%,肥达氏反应O抗体1:80,H抗体1:160,ALT 180U/L,总胆红素2.2μmol/L,HBsAg阴性。1.该病例最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "钩端螺旋体病", "B": "伤寒合并中毒性肝炎", "C": "流行性出血热", "D": "病毒性肝炎合并胆系感染"}, "answer": "伤寒合并中毒性肝炎", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.真菌(  )。", "options": {"A": "有细胞壁,且含肽聚糖", "B": "无细胞壁,细胞膜内含有胆固醇", "C": "原有细胞壁,现在失去细胞壁", "D": "有细胞壁,不含肽聚糖,但含有糖苷类和几丁质微原纤维"}, "answer": "有细胞壁,不含肽聚糖,但含有糖苷类和几丁质微原纤维", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肾在什么地方重吸收葡萄糖(  )。", "options": {"A": "近球小管", "B": "髓袢", "C": "集合管", "D": "各段肾小管"}, "answer": "近球小管", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,35岁,公司职员,2年来害怕坐电梯,进入电梯后即出现心慌、紧张、出汗等不适感,但能控制情绪。近1年来,竭力避免接触电梯,宁愿徒步上11层搂,此后发展到不敢单独乘公共汽车,不敢去浴室,甚至害怕独处,该病人可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "焦虑症", "B": "疑病症", "C": "神经衰弱", "D": "场所恐惧症"}, "answer": "场所恐惧症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.颈椎病主要体征为(  )。", "options": {"A": "伸肌腱牵拉试验(Mills)阳性", "B": "杜加征(Dugas)阳性", "C": "直腿抬高试验阳性", "D": "压头试验阳性"}, "answer": "压头试验阳性", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "经产妇,28岁。合并风湿性心脏病,现妊娠38周,心功能Ⅰ级,规律宫缩7小时来院,枕左前位,胎心152次/分,估计胎儿3300g,宫口开大4cm,胎头S=0。本例正确的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "适当使用镇静剂,阴道助产", "B": "避免用力屏气加腹压,胎头吸引或产钳助产", "C": "试产期若出现心力衰竭症状,应立即行剖宫产", "D": "不行阴道助产,行剖宫产术结束分娩"}, "answer": "适当使用镇静剂,阴道助产", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列关于乳头湿疹样乳癌的论述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发展迅速、预后差", "B": "乳头有瘙痒、烧灼感", "C": "乳晕区肿块", "D": "腋淋巴结肿大"}, "answer": "发展迅速、预后差", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,30岁,4小时前跌伤后昏迷5分钟,清醒后步行回家。1小时前因剧烈头痛,呕吐3次送来急诊。查体:昏迷,脉搏64次/分,血压180/90mmHg,呼吸18次/分,左瞳孔3mm,右瞳孔2mm,右上、下肢肌力Ⅲ级。2.应立即采取的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑电图", "B": "脑血管造影", "C": "头部CT", "D": "心电图"}, "answer": "头部CT", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心动周期持续的时间长短决定于下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "心房收缩时程", "B": "心室收缩时程", "C": "心室舒张时程", "D": "心率"}, "answer": "心率", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.预激综合征合并快速心房颤动(  )。", "options": {"A": "地尔硫", "B": "洋地黄", "C": "利多卡因", "D": "胺碘酮"}, "answer": "胺碘酮", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心身关系是(  )。", "options": {"A": "统一的关系", "B": "互不影响的关系", "C": "可以分离的关系", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "统一的关系", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某糖尿病患者为了控制血糖,在医生的建议下准备和营养师一起定制一份饮食计划。她虽然知道饮食控制的好处,但总认为无法管住自己,计划难以实施。对于这样患者的干预重点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "提高自我效能", "B": "培养行为能力", "C": "提供社会支持", "D": "建立支持性环境"}, "answer": "提高自我效能", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "免疫系统的三大功能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫防御、免疫应答、免疫记忆", "B": "免疫应答、免疫记忆、免疫监视", "C": "免疫防御、免疫记忆、免疫监视", "D": "免疫防御、免疫自稳、免疫监视"}, "answer": "免疫防御、免疫自稳、免疫监视", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,32岁。左下腹痛2个月。伴腹泻,大便为黄稀便,时有黏液血便,每日3次。查体:T 36.5℃,P 80次/分,R 18次/分,BP 120/80mmHg。双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿啰音,心律齐,腹软,左下腹轻压痛,无反跳痛。结肠镜检查:直肠、乙状结肠黏膜弥漫充血、水肿,粗颗粒样改变,多发糜烂及浅溃疡。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结肠癌", "B": "克罗恩病", "C": "慢性结肠炎", "D": "溃疡性结肠炎"}, "answer": "溃疡性结肠炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "巨大胎儿经阴道分娩的常见并发症不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "产程延长", "B": "产后出血", "C": "头盆不称", "D": "羊水栓塞"}, "answer": "羊水栓塞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "气性坏疽是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核杆菌感染", "B": "坏死组织伴腐败菌感染", "C": "深部组织的产气荚膜杆菌、恶性水肿杆菌及腐败弧菌等厌气菌感染", "D": "溶血性链球菌感染"}, "answer": "深部组织的产气荚膜杆菌、恶性水肿杆菌及腐败弧菌等厌气菌感染", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "典型伤寒的临床表现不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "相对缓脉", "B": "表情淡漠", "C": "持续发热", "D": "出血性皮疹"}, "answer": "出血性皮疹", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某男,45岁,因上消化道大出血来诊。入院诊断为肝硬化门脉高压,食管胃底静脉破裂血。立即给予手术治疗,术后持续导尿监测2小时,尿量不足20ml,此时应选用的利尿药为(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙酰唑胺+呋塞米", "B": "螺内酯+呋塞米", "C": "甘露醇+螺内酯", "D": "氢氯噻嗪+呋塞米"}, "answer": "螺内酯+呋塞米", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,65岁,咳嗽、咳痰10天,纳差、腹泻3天,神志不清伴抽搐2小时。糖尿病史10年,不规律口服降糖药治疗。5.若不能测血生化,则下列检查可助诊的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿糖、酮体", "B": "血气", "C": "便常规", "D": "血乳酸"}, "answer": "尿糖、酮体", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "维持阴道正常酸性环境的主要菌群是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠球菌", "B": "大肠埃希菌", "C": "乳酸杆菌", "D": "棒状杆菌"}, "answer": "乳酸杆菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "药物出现副反应的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "药物的选择性低", "B": "药物的剂量过大", "C": "药物的代谢速度慢", "D": "病人对药物的敏感性高"}, "answer": "药物的选择性低", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.上述哪项与子宫颈癌的发生有关(  )。", "options": {"A": "人乳头瘤病毒", "B": "森林脑炎病毒", "C": "狂犬病病毒", "D": "柯萨奇病毒"}, "answer": "人乳头瘤病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,24岁。手背部刀伤,创口出血不止。现场急救处理最简便而有效的止血方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "前臂止血带止血", "B": "立即缝合创口", "C": "上臂止血带止血", "D": "局部加压包扎"}, "answer": "局部加压包扎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,25岁,头痛3年多,每次头痛前有烦躁不安、视物模糊,头痛发作以右侧为主,并扩展至整个头部,呈搏动性,持续时间约10小时。神经系统检查未见异常,脑电图正常。诊断应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "偏头痛", "B": "癔病", "C": "三叉神经痛", "D": "癫痫精神运动性发作"}, "answer": "偏头痛", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "慢性肾功能不全周围神经病变中较明显的表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "弛缓性瘫痪", "B": "震颤", "C": "不宁腿综合征", "D": "肌无力"}, "answer": "不宁腿综合征", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,42岁。腹部撞伤3小时,持续性腹痛,未排尿。查体:T 37.5℃,P 110次/分,BP 90/60mmHg,腹式呼吸受限,腹稍胀,全腹肌紧张,压痛(+),腹部移动性浊音(+),肠鸣音消失。实验室检查:Hb 100g/L,WBC 12×109/L。最佳治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗休克治疗", "B": "急症剖腹探查", "C": "广谱抗生素治疗观察", "D": "导尿,留置尿管观察"}, "answer": "急症剖腹探查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "碘剂治疗甲亢用于(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲亢危象、术前准备", "B": "甲亢危象、妊娠", "C": "应激", "D": "Graves眼病、术前准备"}, "answer": "甲亢危象、术前准备", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "Henoch型过敏性紫癜的临床表现中,除皮肤紫癜外,还有(  )。", "options": {"A": "便血", "B": "尿血", "C": "视网膜出血", "D": "虹膜炎"}, "answer": "便血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于平喘药的叙述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素也能收缩支气管黏膜的血管,有助于平喘", "B": "异丙肾上腺素的主要缺点是加快心率", "C": "阿托品可用于哮喘发作", "D": "色甘酸钠只能预防哮喘发作"}, "answer": "阿托品可用于哮喘发作", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,27岁,心悸气短,胸闷、胸痛、晕厥。查体:胸骨左缘第3肋间3/6级收缩期杂音,超声:室间隔:左室后壁为1.5:1。SAM(+)。1.该患者的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "先心室缺", "B": "风心病二尖瓣,主动脉瓣病", "C": "肥厚型梗阻性心肌病", "D": "二尖瓣脱垂"}, "answer": "肥厚型梗阻性心肌病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿3岁,因发热呕吐15天住院。查体,嗜睡状。营养差,颈抵抗(+),右侧鼻唇沟变浅,右眼闭合不全。心肺腹部未见异常。巴氏征(+)。脑脊液:蛋白800mg/L,糖2.24mmol/L,氯化物100mmol/L,白细胞160×106/L,多核45%,单核55%。2.治疗应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素+氯霉素", "B": "INH+RF、P+SM+PZA+泼尼松", "C": "异烟肼+利福平", "D": "INH+RFP+SM+PZA"}, "answer": "INH+RF、P+SM+PZA+泼尼松", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男孩,4岁。左膝关节上方肿痛3个月,夜间加重。查体:左膝关节上方肿胀,压痛(+)、皮温高、静脉怒张,触及一肿物,硬而固定。X线检查示干骺端有溶骨破坏及日光放射状骨膜反应。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨肉瘤", "B": "骨软骨病", "C": "转移性骨肿瘤", "D": "骨结核"}, "answer": "骨肉瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,64岁。因阵发性胸闷9年,持续胸痛7小时收入院。入院时血压为150/90mmHg,诊断急性前壁心肌梗死。3.上述患者出现频发室性期前收缩,伴短阵室性心动过速,此时最恰当的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静推西地兰", "B": "口服美两律", "C": "静脉注射利多卡因", "D": "观察"}, "answer": "静脉注射利多卡因", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,70岁,右侧股骨颈头下骨折,移位较明显,下列哪种处理方法是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "持续皮牵引6~8周", "B": "行转子间截骨术", "C": "可行人工股骨头置换术", "D": "手术,钢针加压固定"}, "answer": "可行人工股骨头置换术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,50岁。反复脓血便半年,每天3~5次,在当地曾按痢疾治疗无明显效果。近1个月出现腹胀,伴阵发性腹痛。查体:消瘦,腹稍胀,腹软,下腹轻压痛,右下腹可扪及一肿块,质较硬,尚可活动。2.首选的辅助检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "CT", "B": "钡餐检查", "C": "纤维结肠镜检查", "D": "MRI"}, "answer": "纤维结肠镜检查", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "冈崎片段是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "DNA模板上的DNA片段", "B": "引物酶催化合成的RNA片段", "C": "随从链上合成的DNA片段", "D": "由DNA连接酶合成的DNA"}, "answer": "随从链上合成的DNA片段", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "增强子的作用特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "只作用于真核细胞中", "B": "有严格的专一性", "C": "无需与蛋白质因子结合就能增强转录作用", "D": "作用无方向性"}, "answer": "作用无方向性", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,1岁。头发稀黄,皮肤白嫩,头不能竖起,间断抽搐。尿有鼠尿味。该患儿的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "唐氏综合征(先天愚型)", "B": "呆小病", "C": "苯丙酮尿症", "D": "脑性瘫痪"}, "answer": "苯丙酮尿症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "烧伤最常见的死亡原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "休克", "B": "ARDS", "C": "感染", "D": "心功能衰竭"}, "answer": "感染", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,45岁,反复双手近端指间关节、双膝关节痛伴晨僵2年,肘部伸侧可触及皮下结节,质硬,无触痛。实验室检查:血RF 1:40(+),ESR 100mm/h。1.最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "风湿性关节炎", "B": "类风湿关节炎", "C": "系统性红斑狼疮", "D": "骨性关节炎"}, "answer": "类风湿关节炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,48岁,左中指发僵、疼痛,屈伸中指时有弹响。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "类风湿性关节炎", "B": "狭窄性腱鞘炎", "C": "腱鞘囊肿", "D": "创伤性关节炎"}, "answer": "狭窄性腱鞘炎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.支气管扩张的典型痰液表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量白色泡沫状痰", "B": "大量脓性痰,有分层", "C": "大量粉红色泡沫痰", "D": "大量白色黏液样痰"}, "answer": "大量脓性痰,有分层", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在下列各项中,最能反映医患关系性质的是医务人员与患者之间的(  )。", "options": {"A": "信托关系", "B": "主动-被动关系", "C": "类似父(母)子间的关系", "D": "商品关系"}, "answer": "信托关系", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "青年男性外伤致右肱骨干骨折,折端外露。查体:有垂腕、垂指畸形,虎口感觉障碍。2.该患者正确的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "清创后手法复位,内固定,观察2个月,桡神经功能不恢复时再次手术治疗", "B": "清创缝合,手法复位,石膏固定", "C": "清创后手法复位,加压钢板内固定,探查桡神经并修复加外固定", "D": "清创缝合,牵引治疗"}, "answer": "清创后手法复位,加压钢板内固定,探查桡神经并修复加外固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肺炎支原体肺炎,临床特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小婴儿多见", "B": "咳嗽突出", "C": "肺部体征明显", "D": "需头孢菌素治疗"}, "answer": "咳嗽突出", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,42岁。呕吐、腹泻两天,意识模糊、烦躁不安半天急诊入院。查体:血压110/70mmHg,神志恍惚,巩膜中度黄染,颈部可见数枚蜘蛛痣,心肺未见异常,腹软,肝肋下未触及,脾肋下3cm,双上肢散在出血点,Hb 90g/L,WBC 3.2×109/L,血糖7.0mmol/L,尿糖(+),尿酮(-),尿镜检(-)。2.确诊最有价值的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部CT", "B": "血常规", "C": "肝功能", "D": "血氨"}, "answer": "血氨", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男孩,2岁半,患有法洛四联症。每当哭闹后出现呼吸困难,即出现抽搐,这种现象是由于肺动脉漏斗部狭窄的基础上,突然发生该处肌肉的痉挛。出现上述缺氧发作时最有效的抢救措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "身体取胸膝位", "B": "静脉注射普萘洛尔(心得安)", "C": "静脉滴注碳酸氢钠", "D": "口服吲哚美辛"}, "answer": "静脉注射普萘洛尔(心得安)", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪项是小脑幕切迹疝最有意义的临床测定体征?(  )", "options": {"A": "对侧腹壁反射消失", "B": "患侧瞳孔散大", "C": "患侧肢体活动减少或消失", "D": "患侧下肢病理反射阳性"}, "answer": "患侧瞳孔散大", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "艾滋病的英文缩写是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HIV", "B": "AIDS", "C": "HBV", "D": "HAV"}, "answer": "AIDS", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,3岁,低热、乏力、盗汗伴腹泻、腹痛2个月。体格检查:右下腹有压痛和轻度反跳痛,X线钡剂检查发现回盲部有跳跃征,最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠结核", "B": "阿米巴肠炎", "C": "克罗恩病", "D": "血吸虫病"}, "answer": "肠结核", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,42岁。平素无不适,体检时发现血压120/80mmHg。心率80次/分,律不齐,心电图示偶发室性期前收缩。超声心电图示心脏结构功能正常。目前该患者最适宜的处置是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服索他洛尔", "B": "暂不治疗,随诊", "C": "射频消融术", "D": "口服美托洛尔"}, "answer": "暂不治疗,随诊", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "儿茶酚胺与β受体结合后引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "心房心室肌兴奋", "B": "子宫平滑肌兴奋", "C": "血管平滑肌兴奋", "D": "支气管平滑肌兴奋"}, "answer": "心房心室肌兴奋", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,40岁,体检发现HBsAg阳性5年,近1周来劳累后感乏力、食欲不振,来院检查。2.若患者门诊化验肝功ALT 260U/L.TBIL 46μmol/L,HBsAg阳性,HBeAg阳性,抗-HBcIgM阳性。临床应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒性肝炎、乙型、慢性轻度", "B": "病毒性肝炎、乙型、慢性中度", "C": "病毒性肝炎、乙型、慢性重度", "D": "病毒性肝炎、乙型、急性重型"}, "answer": "病毒性肝炎、乙型、慢性中度", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不代表精神分析的观点有(  )。", "options": {"A": "潜意识理论", "B": "自我实现理论", "C": "心理防御理论", "D": "性驱力理论"}, "answer": "自我实现理论", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "反射时的长短主要取决于(  )。", "options": {"A": "刺激的强度", "B": "刺激的性质", "C": "神经的传导速度", "D": "反射中枢突触的多少"}, "answer": "反射中枢突触的多少", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,25岁,妊娠37周,G1P0,因羊膜破裂入院待产。既往身体健康,无传染病及遗传性疾病史,分娩过程顺利,产一男婴7斤重。分娩后突然出现呼吸困难、发绀、抽搐、休克死亡。最可能发生的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血栓形成", "B": "空气栓塞", "C": "脂肪栓塞", "D": "羊水栓塞"}, "answer": "羊水栓塞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "血红素合成的步骤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ALA→胆色素原→尿卟啉原Ⅲ→血红素", "B": "胆红素原→ALA→尿卟啉原Ⅲ→血红素", "C": "ALA→粪卟啉原Ⅲ→尿卟啉原Ⅲ→血红素", "D": "ALA→原卟啉原Ⅸ→尿卟啉原Ⅲ→血红素"}, "answer": "ALA→胆色素原→尿卟啉原Ⅲ→血红素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "诊断早期股骨头坏死最敏感的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B超", "B": "MRI", "C": "CT", "D": "X线"}, "answer": "MRI", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对正常足月新生儿,暂不能引出的神经反射是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹壁反射", "B": "觅食反射", "C": "吸吮反射", "D": "握持反射"}, "answer": "腹壁反射", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列属于选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "托莫西汀", "B": "氟西汀", "C": "米氮平", "D": "利培酮"}, "answer": "氟西汀", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医疗机构配制制剂,必须取得下列许可证(  )。", "options": {"A": "卫生许可证", "B": "医疗机构执业许可证", "C": "医疗机构制剂许可证", "D": "营业许可证"}, "answer": "医疗机构制剂许可证", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "应首选以下哪项治疗原发性三叉神经痛?(  )", "options": {"A": "纯酒精注射", "B": "卡马西平", "C": "氯硝西泮", "D": "神经切断术"}, "answer": "卡马西平", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "硫脲类抗甲状腺药最严重的不良反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血小板减少性紫癜", "B": "粘膜出血", "C": "粒细胞减少", "D": "溶血性贫血"}, "answer": "粒细胞减少", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "传染病防治法规定,有关人员不得隐瞒、谎报或者授意他人隐瞒、谎报疫情。没有这项法定义务的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "从事传染病监督管理的", "B": "从事传染病科研的", "C": "从事卫生防疫的", "D": "各级政府有关主管人员"}, "answer": "从事传染病科研的", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某医师从医院辞职到一家药品生产企业从事营销工作。后因事业不顺,想重回医院工作,但因其中止医师执业活动已满法定期被卫生行政部门注销注册。该法定期限是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2年", "B": "3年", "C": "1年", "D": "6个月"}, "answer": "2年", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪项不是妄想的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "内容与个人利益安全密切相关", "B": "具有个人特征,不同于集体共有信念", "C": "内容受个人经历和时代背景影响", "D": "是一种虚幻的知觉体验"}, "answer": "是一种虚幻的知觉体验", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,68岁,阵发性胸闷3年,持续加重6小时后突发意识丧失。查体:BP 40/20mmHg,双肺呼吸音清。心率32次/分,律齐,各瓣膜区未闻及杂音。血清肌钙蛋白水平增高。2.最可能的心律失常是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心房颤动", "B": "心室颤动", "C": "二度房室传导阻滞", "D": "三度房室传导阻滞"}, "answer": "心室颤动", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "属于免疫调节治疗肿瘤的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "注射TNF-α", "B": "注射LAK", "C": "注射CTL", "D": "注射肿瘤相关Ag疫苗"}, "answer": "注射TNF-α", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "枕骨大孔疝病人表现(  )。", "options": {"A": "双侧瞳孔散大", "B": "生命体征紊乱", "C": "双侧瞳孔无变化", "D": "双侧瞳孔先散大后缩小"}, "answer": "生命体征紊乱", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,65岁。间断腹痛伴呕吐、乏力、少尿6小时,呕吐量大,无口渴。5年前行“急性重症胰腺炎腹腔引流术”。此时患者最可能的水电解质平衡紊乱是(  )。", "options": {"A": "等渗性缺水", "B": "低渗性缺水", "C": "高钾血症", "D": "稀释性低钠血症"}, "answer": "等渗性缺水", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,40岁,反复手关节痛1年,曾诊断为类风湿关节炎,间断使用理疗和非甾体抗炎药,症状有缓解。近月来低热,关节痛加重,肘后出现多个皮下结节,检查ESR40mm/h,心脏彩超发现小量心包积液,考虑为类风湿关节炎活动。2.哪项为最适宜的治疗措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "维持原治疗方案", "B": "改用皮质激素", "C": "加用青霉胺", "D": "应用皮质激素加慢作用抗风湿药"}, "answer": "加用青霉胺", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "36周男婴,出生体重1.5kg,生后3d体温不升,需要暖箱,该暖箱温度应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "31℃", "B": "32℃", "C": "33℃", "D": "34℃"}, "answer": "34℃", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,75岁。摔倒时右手撑地,腕部疼痛、肿胀。查体:右腕部呈“枪刺刀”畸形。应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "Galeazzi骨折", "B": "Colles骨折", "C": "Chance骨折", "D": "Smith骨折"}, "answer": "Colles骨折", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有一名53岁男患者,入院前3小时突然剧烈头痛伴呕吐,CT检查后入院,入院检查意识清,痛苦病容,四肢肌张力肌力改变不明显,项强直(+),头CT脑沟脑池有高密度影像,眼底检查玻璃体膜下片状出血。1.该病例诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑出血", "B": "蛛网膜下腔出血", "C": "脑供血不全", "D": "脑膜炎"}, "answer": "蛛网膜下腔出血", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以患者为中心疗法中医生不恰当的行为是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医生在治疗中具有权威作用", "B": "适用于感到有压力的病人", "C": "医生是患者的朋友,必要时加以引导", "D": "病人要受到充分理解"}, "answer": "医生在治疗中具有权威作用", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪项不是躯体疾病所致精神障碍的共同特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "躯体疾病严重时,精神症状明显", "B": "精神症状多发于躯体疾病高峰期", "C": "精神症状多具有昼重夜轻的波动性", "D": "躯体和(或)神经系统有病理体征及实验室的阳性所见"}, "answer": "精神症状多具有昼重夜轻的波动性", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为血管性痴呆(VD)和老年性痴呆(AD)的主要鉴别点?(  )", "options": {"A": "记忆障碍明显", "B": "情绪障碍明显", "C": "病程呈波动性阶梯性恶化", "D": "认知功能损害明显"}, "answer": "病程呈波动性阶梯性恶化", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,50岁。从1.5m高处摔下,右胸着地。体格检查:神志清晰,呼吸34次/分,心率100次/分,血压130/75mmHg,右胸壁畸形,无伤口,出现反常呼吸,双肺呼吸音粗,无干、湿啰音。身体其余部分无损伤。现场急救的最重要处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "给氧、镇静、止痛治疗", "B": "加压包扎,迅速消除反常呼吸", "C": "行气管插管、人工控制呼吸", "D": "气管切开"}, "answer": "加压包扎,迅速消除反常呼吸", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "为重度营养不良的患儿调整饮食,每日应开始供给热能(  )。", "options": {"A": "35kcal/kg", "B": "40kcal/kg", "C": "50kcal/kg", "D": "65kcal/kg"}, "answer": "40kcal/kg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.主要作用于红细胞外期,防止疟疾复发的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙胺嘧啶", "B": "磺胺嘧啶", "C": "氯喹", "D": "伯氨喹"}, "answer": "伯氨喹", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪一种成分不是粥样斑块内通常具有的?(  )", "options": {"A": "纤维组织增生伴有透明变", "B": "中性粒细胞", "C": "苏丹Ⅲ染色阳性物质", "D": "无定形坏死物质"}, "answer": "中性粒细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "细菌性阴道病最常见的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大肠杆菌", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "C": "溶血性链球菌", "D": "加德纳菌"}, "answer": "加德纳菌", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "自觉地确定目的,并根据目的支配自己的行为、克服困难以实现目的的心理过程是(  )。", "options": {"A": "情感", "B": "意志", "C": "感知", "D": "思维"}, "answer": "意志", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项不符合单纯性肾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "大量蛋白尿", "B": "明显水肿", "C": "血胆固醇明显增高", "D": "多为非选择性蛋白尿"}, "answer": "多为非选择性蛋白尿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "治疗窦性心动过速药物应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "普萘洛尔", "B": "维拉帕米", "C": "奎尼丁", "D": "洋地黄"}, "answer": "普萘洛尔", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男婴,3个月。高热伴频繁呕吐2天,嗜睡1天,惊厥2次。查体:精神差,双眼凝视,前卤隆起,脑膜刺激征阴性。实验室检查:血WBC 15.0×109/L,N 0.88,L 0.12。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核性脑膜炎", "B": "化脓性脑膜炎", "C": "热性惊厥", "D": "中毒性脑病"}, "answer": "化脓性脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,35岁。发热20余天就诊。体温在38℃左右。体检:腹部饱满,腹壁柔韧感,全腹轻度压痛及反跳痛。肝脾肋下未扪及,移动浊音(+)。血白细胞2×109/L,中性粒细胞0.75,淋巴细胞0.25。4.以下哪项结果符合本例患者腹水特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "白细胞计数不超过500×106/L,且以淋巴细胞为主", "B": "腹水比重不超过1.018", "C": "蛋白质含量大于30g/L", "D": "结核分枝杆菌培养大多阳性"}, "answer": "蛋白质含量大于30g/L", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "柯萨可夫综合征是下列哪种疾病的特有症状之一?(  )", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "慢性铅中毒", "C": "酒精依赖", "D": "一氧化碳中毒"}, "answer": "酒精依赖", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,5岁,高热、头痛l天,昏迷4h,于1月9日来诊。体检:体温39.6℃,血压120/80mmHg,呼吸节律不整,全身皮肤见散在多个大小不等的瘀点、瘀斑,两侧瞳孔不等大,颈项强直,Kernig征阳性。外周血白细胞21.6×109/L,中性粒细胞0.82,淋巴细胞0.18。3.针对患儿目前情况,下列处理不恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即腰椎穿刺,行脑脊液检查", "B": "快速静滴20%的甘露醇", "C": "应用有效抗生素", "D": "应用肾上腺皮质激素"}, "answer": "立即腰椎穿刺,行脑脊液检查", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪一种组织细胞再生力最强?(  )", "options": {"A": "神经节细胞", "B": "骨组织", "C": "心肌", "D": "神经胶质细胞"}, "answer": "神经胶质细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "提示结直肠癌诊断的最主要的报警症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹胀", "B": "腹泻", "C": "便秘", "D": "便血"}, "answer": "便血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.蛛网膜下腔出血的病因诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线颅片", "B": "脑电图", "C": "脑血管造影", "D": "CT"}, "answer": "脑血管造影", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "5.接种方法为口服(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡介苗", "B": "乙型脑炎疫苗", "C": "脊髓灰质炎疫苗", "D": "百日咳-白喉-破伤风混合疫苗"}, "answer": "脊髓灰质炎疫苗", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "“无论是致病、治疗,还是预防和康复,都应将人视为一个整体,需要考虑各方面因素的交互作用,而不能机械地将他们分割开”。此观点所反映的医学模式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生物-心理-社会医学模式", "B": "神灵主义的医学模式", "C": "机械论医学模式", "D": "生物医学模式"}, "answer": "生物-心理-社会医学模式", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于营养性缺铁性贫血,骨髓象错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "各系均增生活跃", "B": "幼红细胞胞体小,胞浆少,染色偏蓝", "C": "胞浆成熟落后于胞核", "D": "巨核细胞减少"}, "answer": "各系均增生活跃", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.肺内压与肺回缩力之差为(  )。", "options": {"A": "表面活性物质", "B": "胸膜腔内压", "C": "弹性阻力", "D": "顺应性"}, "answer": "胸膜腔内压", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于医学伦理学的任务,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "反映社会对医学的需求", "B": "为符合道德的医学行为辩护", "C": "努力解决医学活动中产生的伦理问题", "D": "满足患者的所有要求和利益"}, "answer": "满足患者的所有要求和利益", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列开放性创伤中可以进行清创缝合的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "面部锐器伤6小时的伤口", "B": "已有脓性分泌物的伤口", "C": "有明显局部红、肿、热、痛的伤口", "D": "刚被手术缝针刺伤的伤口"}, "answer": "面部锐器伤6小时的伤口", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,38岁,发热、腰痛5天,无尿2天,诊断为流行性出血热。经利尿等治疗,无明显好转,现患者烦躁不安,颜面潮红,眼睑浮肿,血压170/95mmHg,心率120次/min,脉洪大,体表静脉充盈。2.针对患者目前情况,下列治疗最适宜的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "严格控制补液量,同时应用高效利尿剂并导泻", "B": "输入平衡盐,同时降压、利尿", "C": "使用血管活性药物", "D": "输入高渗葡萄糖"}, "answer": "严格控制补液量,同时应用高效利尿剂并导泻", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "雌激素的生理作用错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "促进子宫发育", "B": "促进水和钠的排泄", "C": "促进输卵管发育", "D": "促进骨钙沉积"}, "answer": "促进水和钠的排泄", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,45岁。体检发现血压150/96mmHg,心率80次/分,血糖8.0mmol/L,HbAlc 8.0%,血蛋白酶500μmol/L。2.选择该药的主要原因(  )。", "options": {"A": "降低心率", "B": "促进尿酸排泄", "C": "降低外周血管阻力", "D": "肾脏保护"}, "answer": "肾脏保护", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.新生儿期接种的痘苗应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙肝疫苗", "B": "流感疫苗", "C": "麻疹疫苗", "D": "脊髓灰质炎疫苗"}, "answer": "乙肝疫苗", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "明显舒张肾血管、增加肾血流的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "异丙肾上腺素", "B": "麻黄碱", "C": "多巴胺", "D": "去甲肾上腺素"}, "answer": "多巴胺", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肺炎患儿进食不足或不能进食时,输注液体的选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "生理维持液", "B": "5%葡萄糖液", "C": "2:2:1液", "D": "5%碳酸氢钠液"}, "answer": "生理维持液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有关新生儿肝脏对胆红素代谢的特点,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "UDPGT的量及活性不足", "B": "排泄结合胆红素的功能差", "C": "Y、Z蛋白在生后5~15天达成人水平", "D": "UDPGT生后1周达成人水平"}, "answer": "UDPGT生后1周达成人水平", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项为霍乱最重要的传播途径?(  )", "options": {"A": "生活接触", "B": "苍蝇媒介", "C": "水型传播", "D": "带菌动物传播"}, "answer": "水型传播", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "病人认为自己的思想通过广播而扩散出去,尽人皆知,这种现象是(  )。", "options": {"A": "读心症", "B": "思维被广播", "C": "被洞悉感", "D": "思维化声"}, "answer": "思维被广播", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,30岁,由父亲陪同入诊室时,突然神情紧张地说:“爸,我嗅到毒气味。”停顿一下后又说:“这房间里肯定有毒气。”遂退出诊室,拒绝治疗。此症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "幻嗅", "B": "幻味", "C": "感觉障碍", "D": "错觉"}, "answer": "幻嗅", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,43岁,肝炎肝硬化病史5年,出现腹腔积液1年,1周来低热伴轻度腹痛,腹腔积液明显增多。腹腔积液检查:淡黄色,比重0.17,蛋白26g/L,白细胞500×109/L,中性粒细胞0.80,最可能的诊断是肝硬化合并(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核性腹膜炎", "B": "自发性腹膜炎", "C": "原发性肝癌", "D": "肝肾综合征"}, "answer": "自发性腹膜炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.重症肌无力表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "四肢无力,血钾减低", "B": "四肢无力,脑脊液蛋白细胞分离", "C": "四肢无力,休息后减轻,活动后加重", "D": "四肢无力,肩胛带骨盆带萎缩"}, "answer": "四肢无力,休息后减轻,活动后加重", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,24岁。一周前从外地旅游返家,发热咳嗽,呼吸困难,全身酸痛,倦怠。实验室检查:WBC 3.2×109/L,血清学检测特异性IgM抗体阳性。患者可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "衣原体肺炎", "B": "病毒性肺炎", "C": "真菌性肺炎", "D": "细菌性肺炎"}, "answer": "病毒性肺炎", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男孩,8岁,孤独症患者。心理治疗师在对其进行治疗的过程中,每当了解到他有主动向老师问好、递给小朋友玩具或整理好自己的衣服等情形时,就奖励他一个纸质小星星作为强化物。该心理治疗师采用的行为治疗技术是(  )。", "options": {"A": "自我管理", "B": "代币疗法", "C": "满灌疗法", "D": "差别强化"}, "answer": "代币疗法", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "60岁老年男性患者,左侧腹股沟突出半球形包块,不降入阴囊,咳嗽冲击试验阴性,易还纳,诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "混合疝", "B": "隐睾", "C": "股疝", "D": "直疝"}, "answer": "直疝", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.靠IL-2活化诱导才能具有更强的杀伤作用的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Thl", "B": "Tc", "C": "Mφ", "D": "LAK"}, "answer": "LAK", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "神经末梢兴奋与递质释放之间的偶联因子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "K+", "B": "Na+", "C": "Ca2+", "D": "Mg2+"}, "answer": "Ca2+", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于糖皮质激素作用的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使淋巴细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞减少", "B": "有利于提高血管的张力和维持血压", "C": "增强对有害刺激的抵抗力", "D": "减少胃酸和胃蛋白酶原的分泌"}, "answer": "减少胃酸和胃蛋白酶原的分泌", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有心脏炎的风湿热患者,抗风湿治疗疗程是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1~2周", "B": "6~8周", "C": "8~12周", "D": "6~9个月"}, "answer": "8~12周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.属于医疗保健机构提供婚前卫生指导的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "性卫生知识教育", "B": "遗传病诊察", "C": "传染病诊察", "D": "心理健康指导"}, "answer": "性卫生知识教育", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,诊断为化脓性脑膜炎,治疗5天明显好转后,体温又复回升,嗜睡、惊厥,前囟门隆起,头围增大,查脑脊液正常,可考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "并发中毒性脑病", "B": "继发病毒性脑膜炎", "C": "并发硬脑膜下积液", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "并发硬脑膜下积液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男性,65岁,吸烟40余年,慢性咳嗽,咳痰20余年。近2年来劳累时有气急。查体:两肺呼吸音减弱,肺下界下移,两肺底有细小湿啰音。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大叶性肺炎", "B": "肺气肿", "C": "胸腔积液", "D": "气胸"}, "answer": "肺气肿", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "法洛四联症青紫程度和出现早晚主要取决于(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动脉骑跨的程度", "B": "肺动脉狭窄的程度", "C": "左心室的大小", "D": "右心室的大小"}, "answer": "肺动脉狭窄的程度", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性肾小球肾炎的严重病例常发生在起病的(  )。", "options": {"A": "1~2周内", "B": "3~4周内", "C": "5~6周内", "D": "7~8周内"}, "answer": "1~2周内", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,28岁,发冷、发热,轻度黄疸,脾肋下2cm,血红蛋白76g/L,白细胞12×109/L,血小板150×109/L,Coombs试验直接阳性,Ham试验阴性,诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝炎后合并继发性贫血", "B": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血", "C": "阵发性寒冷性血红蛋白尿", "D": "Evans综合征"}, "answer": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "典型霍乱患者,发病后最先出现的常见症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "畏寒、发热", "B": "剧烈腹泻,继之呕吐", "C": "腓肠肌痉挛", "D": "腹部绞痛"}, "answer": "剧烈腹泻,继之呕吐", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.属于半抗原的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HLA", "B": "青霉素", "C": "花粉", "D": "Forssman抗原"}, "answer": "青霉素", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,56岁,患高血压病、冠心病,死于急性心肌梗死。尸检发现两肾大小不等,右侧肾稍大,表面光滑,切面皮质与髓质分界清楚。左肾明显缩小,表面高低不平,有不规则的凹陷性瘢痕,切面皮质与髓质界限不清,有的肾乳头萎缩,肾盂变形,黏膜粗糙。此肾的病变属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压固缩肾", "B": "动脉栓塞后肾硬化", "C": "慢性肾盂肾炎", "D": "左肾先天发育不全"}, "answer": "慢性肾盂肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列有关氧化磷酸化的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "物质在氧化时伴有ADP磷酸化生成ATP的过程", "B": "氧化磷酸化过程涉及两种呼吸链", "C": "电子分别经两种呼吸链传递至氧,均产生2.5分子ATP", "D": "氧化磷酸化过程存在于线粒体内"}, "answer": "电子分别经两种呼吸链传递至氧,均产生2.5分子ATP", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不属于下丘脑调节肽的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "TRH", "B": "FSH", "C": "CRH", "D": "GHRH"}, "answer": "FSH", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者王某,女,26岁,未婚。体检中发现右侧乳房有肿块来院治疗。医生检查后拟进行手术治疗,但患者担心手术后会影响生活质量。经医生解释和说明,并让患者和家属考虑。患者最后消除了心理负担并要求保密。在征得患者和家属同意下,决定进行手术,手术顺利。患者满意,体现了患者所享有的权利,但下列一项除外(  )。", "options": {"A": "基本医疗权", "B": "自我决定权", "C": "保护隐私权", "D": "监督医疗权"}, "answer": "监督医疗权", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "甲状腺功能亢进术前准备时,基础代谢率应降至(  )。", "options": {"A": "+20以下", "B": "+30以下", "C": "+40以下", "D": "+50以下"}, "answer": "+20以下", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "颅底骨折通常的诊断依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑脊液鼻、耳漏", "B": "偏瘫", "C": "头皮血肿", "D": "昏迷"}, "answer": "脑脊液鼻、耳漏", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,52岁。患急性重症胰腺炎并发休克36小时,经抗休克治疗后行胰腺和其周围坏死组织清除、腹腔引流术。术后心率106次/分,血压12.8/8kPa(96/60mmHg),中心静脉压10cmH2O,呼吸频率22次/分。动脉血氧分压11.5kPa(86mmHg),尿量10mL/h,尿比重1.002。此患者目前最紧急的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心功能不全", "B": "肺功能衰竭", "C": "肾衰竭", "D": "血容量过多"}, "answer": "肾衰竭", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某幼儿园小朋友,3岁,以发热、咽痛、呼吸困难入院。查体:体温38.5℃,咽部及扁桃体有一层灰白色膜,心率103次/分。实验室检查:白细胞23×109/L,初诊为白喉,试问正确的治疗原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "注射白喉抗毒素", "B": "注射白喉抗毒素及抗生素", "C": "注射白喉类毒素及抗生素", "D": "注射青霉素或红霉素"}, "answer": "注射白喉抗毒素及抗生素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.男,25岁,验光配眼镜,为了更精确地检验出晶状体的屈光度,验光前可给上述何种药物(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛果芸香碱", "B": "氯解磷定", "C": "阿托品", "D": "异丙托溴铵"}, "answer": "阿托品", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,32岁,近2个月上床后近2小时方能人睡,每周3或4次,只能睡眠2~4小时,晨起后感觉疲乏,精神不振,诊断为失眠症。3.对解除短期失眠症,最安全的药物应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "艾司唑仑", "B": "三唑安定", "C": "硝西泮", "D": "地西泮"}, "answer": "艾司唑仑", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.胆汁中药物浓度高于血浓度10~20倍的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯霉素", "B": "多西环素", "C": "四环素", "D": "米诺霉素"}, "answer": "四环素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "孕妇不宜用的H1受体阻断药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "布可立嗪", "B": "美克洛嗪", "C": "特非那定", "D": "阿司咪唑"}, "answer": "美克洛嗪", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.未成熟型畸胎瘤属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "交界性肿瘤", "B": "早期癌", "C": "良性肿瘤", "D": "恶性肿瘤"}, "answer": "恶性肿瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.在腱反射中,梭外肌纤维属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "感受器", "B": "传入神经元", "C": "传出神经元", "D": "效应器"}, "answer": "效应器", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不是负反馈调节特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使系统的活动保持稳定", "B": "不可逆过程", "C": "反馈信息能减弱控制部分的活动", "D": "具有调定点"}, "answer": "不可逆过程", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有关铁的描述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "食物中的铁以二价铁为主", "B": "肠黏膜吸收的铁为二价铁", "C": "体内铁蛋白结合的铁为二价铁", "D": "血红蛋白中的铁为三价铁"}, "answer": "肠黏膜吸收的铁为二价铁", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血的患儿出现精神、神经症状的治疗应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素B12+输血", "B": "维生素B12+维生素C", "C": "维生素B12+铁剂", "D": "维生素B12+镇静剂"}, "answer": "维生素B12+镇静剂", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,2岁,百日咳后持续发热半月余,体温在38℃左右,易倦、纳差、消瘦。近1周头痛,烦躁,时有呕吐。查体:心肺听诊无异常,肝肋下1.0cm,颈强(±)。脑脊液:外观清,蛋白(+),细胞数80×106/L,糖2.5mmol/L,氯化物115mmol/L。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "中毒性脑病", "B": "百日咳合并脑炎", "C": "结核性脑膜炎", "D": "化脓性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "结核性脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,65岁,右侧阴囊逐渐增大5年,无疼痛,查体见右侧阴囊肿大,大小约15cm×10cm,呈囊性,未触及睾丸,透光试验阳性。首先应该考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "精索静脉曲张", "B": "腹股沟斜疝", "C": "睾丸肿瘤", "D": "睾丸鞘膜积液"}, "answer": "睾丸鞘膜积液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.巨大生长激素瘤首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "经蝶手术", "B": "开颅手术", "C": "长效奥曲肽", "D": "放疗"}, "answer": "经蝶手术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.mRNA碱基插入或缺失可造成框移突变,是由于密码的(  )。", "options": {"A": "摆动性", "B": "通用性", "C": "连续性", "D": "简并性"}, "answer": "连续性", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于“脂肪酸β氧化”过程的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脂肪酸β氧化直接生成CO2和水", "B": "脂肪酸β氧化过程没有脱氢和ATP生成", "C": "脂肪酸氧化直接从脂肪酸β氧化开始", "D": "脂肪酸β氧化4步反应是可逆的"}, "answer": "脂肪酸β氧化过程没有脱氢和ATP生成", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "重症肌无力最常受累的肌肉是(  )。", "options": {"A": "四肢肌", "B": "眼外肌", "C": "咽喉肌", "D": "面肌"}, "answer": "眼外肌", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列低血钾的临床表现中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌肉软弱无力,甚至四肢软瘫", "B": "腹胀、肠麻痹", "C": "心悸、心率快或心率失常", "D": "尿量明显减少"}, "answer": "尿量明显减少", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "乙型肝炎病毒的传播途径不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "输血或器官移植", "B": "共用牙具", "C": "呼吸道", "D": "分娩"}, "answer": "呼吸道", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,45岁。被鱼刺扎伤右手食指尖2天,右手食指针刺样痛半天就诊。查体:T 36.8℃,右手食指末节轻度肿胀、压痛,但张力不高,皮肤不红。3.病人右手食指肿胀加重,伴有剧烈搏动性跳痛,此时作切开引流,正确的操作是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右手食指末端做鱼口形切口", "B": "末节指侧面纵切口,远侧应不超过甲沟的1/2", "C": "右手两侧面纵切口,远侧应超过指节横纹", "D": "突出切口的脂肪不应剪去,以防损伤血管、神经"}, "answer": "末节指侧面纵切口,远侧应不超过甲沟的1/2", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不是结核性胸膜炎常规治疗的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "少量积液不需穿刺抽液", "B": "胸水量多,每周可抽液2~3次", "C": "抗结核化疗的同时加用糖皮质激素", "D": "结核性脓胸应反复冲洗胸腔并向胸腔内注入异烟肼"}, "answer": "抗结核化疗的同时加用糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,67岁。阵发性心房颤动1年,持续心悸2天,既往无高血压病史。2小时前急诊查体:P 102次/分,BP 110/60mmHg,心率130次/分,心律绝对不齐,心音强弱不等。予以普罗帕酮静脉推注后,心悸缓解离院。1小时前因左腹痛再次就诊,无呕吐和腹泻。尿常规正常。该患者腹痛首先考虑的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾结石", "B": "内脏动脉栓塞", "C": "急性下壁心肌梗死", "D": "主动脉夹层"}, "answer": "内脏动脉栓塞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.典型的十二指肠溃疡的症状特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "进行性吞咽困难", "B": "便血", "C": "空腹及夜间上腹痛,进食后可缓解", "D": "反酸、胃灼热伴胸骨后烧灼样痛"}, "answer": "空腹及夜间上腹痛,进食后可缓解", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.“双盲法”直接与哪一条人体实验道德原则有冲突?(  )", "options": {"A": "受试者知情同意", "B": "维护受试者利益", "C": "试验者多数赞成", "D": "严谨的科学态度"}, "answer": "受试者知情同意", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.评定抑郁(  )。", "options": {"A": "MMPI", "B": "SDS", "C": "SCL-90", "D": "TAT"}, "answer": "SDS", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.逻辑严密,系统性强,有一定现实基础的妄想发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "器质性精神障碍", "C": "偏执性精神病", "D": "妄想阵发"}, "answer": "偏执性精神病", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肺炎诱发心力衰竭的主要原因(  )。", "options": {"A": "末梢循环衰竭", "B": "肺动脉高压", "C": "弥漫性血管内凝血", "D": "高钾血症"}, "answer": "肺动脉高压", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肺癌血道转移最常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑", "B": "肾上腺", "C": "肝脏", "D": "甲状腺"}, "answer": "脑", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.可根治间日疟和控制疟疾的传播药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯喹", "B": "伯氨喹", "C": "乙胺嘧啶", "D": "甲氟喹"}, "answer": "伯氨喹", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "杀灭芽孢最可靠的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "超声波消毒", "B": "X射线", "C": "低温冷冻", "D": "高压蒸汽灭菌"}, "answer": "高压蒸汽灭菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于肺炎支原体,下述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是原发性非典型肺炎的病原体", "B": "主要经呼吸道传播", "C": "侵入人体后靠顶端结构吸附于细胞表面", "D": "首选青霉素进行治疗"}, "answer": "首选青霉素进行治疗", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "耻骨骨折不易出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "血尿", "B": "会阴部瘀斑", "C": "坐骨神经损伤", "D": "骨盆挤压试验阳性"}, "answer": "坐骨神经损伤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列有关叶酸的说法,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主要经十二指肠和空肠上段吸收", "B": "吸收需要内因子的协助", "C": "促进氨基酸之间的转换", "D": "妊娠妇女需要量增加"}, "answer": "吸收需要内因子的协助", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "免疫对机体(  )。", "options": {"A": "正常情况下,对机体有益,在一定条件下有害", "B": "无益也无害的反应", "C": "有益也有害的反应", "D": "是有益的反应"}, "answer": "正常情况下,对机体有益,在一定条件下有害", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述除哪一项外,均为细菌生长繁殖的条件?(  )", "options": {"A": "酸碱度", "B": "营养物质", "C": "气体环境", "D": "溶解度"}, "answer": "溶解度", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "食物中毒的概念指(  )。", "options": {"A": "暴饮暴食造成的胃肠功能紊乱", "B": "食物被有毒物质污染,食用后引起的中毒", "C": "食用被细菌病毒污染的食品而引起的急性中毒症状", "D": "吃了被致病菌及其毒素、真菌毒素、化学毒物所污染的食物或因误食含有自然毒素的食物所引起的急性中毒性疾病"}, "answer": "吃了被致病菌及其毒素、真菌毒素、化学毒物所污染的食物或因误食含有自然毒素的食物所引起的急性中毒性疾病", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心脏骤停早期诊断的最佳指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "瞳孔突然散大", "B": "颈动脉和股动脉搏动消失", "C": "呼吸停止", "D": "面色苍白"}, "answer": "颈动脉和股动脉搏动消失", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,54岁,优秀话务员,近几年怀疑丈夫有外遇,看电视时激动,控制不住,外出走失一周找不到自己家,露宿,公安人员收留送回家,吃饭用手抓着吃,记忆力下降,行为幼稚。既往高血压7年,脑梗死后l0个月。神经系检查:血压225/110mmHg,说话口齿不清,右侧下肢轻偏瘫症状,肌张力增高,巴氏征(+)。精神检查:意识清晰,智力减退,个人生活不能自理,有二便失禁。1.最有意义的检查是哪一项?(  )", "options": {"A": "头CT", "B": "CSF", "C": "EEG", "D": "脑血流图"}, "answer": "头CT", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "血清中常规检查检测到的HBV标志物不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "HBsAg", "B": "HBeAg", "C": "HBcAg", "D": "抗-HBc"}, "answer": "HBcAg", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.在肺的非弹性阻力中,最主要的为哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "黏滞阻力", "B": "气道阻力", "C": "肺弹性阻力", "D": "胸廓弹性阻力"}, "answer": "气道阻力", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "儿童期出现注意力不集中,离开母亲时深感不安,焦虑,担心自己大祸临头,患者属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "错觉", "B": "感知综合障碍", "C": "妄想症", "D": "分离性焦虑"}, "answer": "分离性焦虑", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "降结肠癌最早出现的表现中,较常见的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "排便习惯与粪便性状的改变", "B": "腹痛", "C": "腹胀", "D": "面色苍白、乏力"}, "answer": "排便习惯与粪便性状的改变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "内脏痛的主要特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "刺痛", "B": "慢痛", "C": "定位不精确", "D": "必有牵涉痛"}, "answer": "定位不精确", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪项是通过ADCC作用介导细胞毒作用的细胞?(  )", "options": {"A": "CTL", "B": "B细胞", "C": "NK细胞", "D": "肥大细胞"}, "answer": "NK细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女婴,1个月。生后间断呕吐,呕吐物为奶液,体重增长不满意。查体:可见胃蠕动波,右上腹触及包块。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃扭转", "B": "先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄", "C": "先天性巨结肠", "D": "胃食管反流"}, "answer": "先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以下哪一项不是评定量表?(  )", "options": {"A": "SCL-90", "B": "应对方式量表", "C": "EPQ", "D": "SAS"}, "answer": "EPQ", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.Ⅲ期淋巴瘤(  )。", "options": {"A": "病变仅限于一个解剖部位", "B": "病变累及右侧颈、腋下和腹股沟淋巴结", "C": "病变累及左腋下淋巴结及肝", "D": "病变累及右锁骨上淋巴结和左腋下,并伴有高热"}, "answer": "病变累及右侧颈、腋下和腹股沟淋巴结", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5岁男孩,低热伴头痛1个月入院。查体:精神弱,左眼外展受限,颈抵抗阳性,克氏征、布氏征阳性。腰穿脑脊液压力200mmH2O,蛋白2g/L,糖1.5mmol/L,氯化物100mmol/L。3.如果患儿出现肌张力减低,膝腱反射减弱,肠鸣音减低,首选检查(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑电图", "B": "复查腰穿", "C": "肌电图检查", "D": "血电解质测定"}, "answer": "血电解质测定", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男5岁,浮肿1个月,体检有高度浮肿,血压16/10kPa,尿蛋白(+++),24小时尿蛋白定量2500mg,尿沉渣RBC5~8个/HP,BUN5.4mmol/L。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾炎", "B": "慢性肾炎", "C": "单纯型肾病", "D": "肾炎型肾病"}, "answer": "单纯型肾病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.医疗事故的客观方面(  )。", "options": {"A": "过失", "B": "违法行为和损害结果之间有因果关系", "C": "实施了违反卫生管理法律、行政法规、部门规章和诊疗护理规范、常规的行为", "D": "医疗机构和医务人员"}, "answer": "实施了违反卫生管理法律、行政法规、部门规章和诊疗护理规范、常规的行为", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "45岁农民,8月初发病,畏寒发热起病,伴头痛,周身痛,皮肤黏膜有少许出血点,4天后出现黄疸并进行性加重。查体:体温38.9℃,结膜充血,巩膜及皮肤黄染轻度,肝肋下0.8cm,脾未触及。血清总胆红素821μmol/L,ALT300μ/L,尿蛋白(+),每个高倍镜视野下红细胞及白细胞各为10~20个。应考虑诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤寒", "B": "病毒性肝炎", "C": "出血热", "D": "钩端螺旋体病"}, "answer": "钩端螺旋体病", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "衣原体肺炎,临床特点正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "6个月以内婴儿多见", "B": "高热", "C": "肺实变体征", "D": "青霉素有特效"}, "answer": "6个月以内婴儿多见", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.上述哪项是引起梅毒的病原体?(  )", "options": {"A": "艰难梭菌", "B": "苍白密螺旋体", "C": "甲型溶血性链球菌", "D": "白假丝酵母菌(白念珠菌)"}, "answer": "苍白密螺旋体", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "载脂蛋白主要有apoA、B、C、D及E五大类,LDL几乎只含(  )。", "options": {"A": "apoB100", "B": "apoCⅠ", "C": "apoD", "D": "apoE"}, "answer": "apoB100", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "使慢性粒细胞白血病达到血液学缓解的首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "白消安", "B": "羟基脲", "C": "α干扰素", "D": "环磷酰胺"}, "answer": "羟基脲", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.胃大部切除术后近端空肠综合征(  )。", "options": {"A": "呕吐物为食物,无胆汁", "B": "呕吐物为胆汁,无食物", "C": "呕吐物呈酸臭味,有宿食", "D": "无呕吐"}, "answer": "呕吐物为胆汁,无食物", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对肠热症患者的标本进行病原菌分离培养,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发病第1周取血液", "B": "发病第1周取粪便", "C": "发病第3周起取尿液", "D": "可选用SS肠道选择培养基"}, "answer": "发病第1周取粪便", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.骨巨细胞瘤(  )。", "options": {"A": "20~40岁", "B": "11~20岁", "C": "5~15岁", "D": "30岁以上的成年人"}, "answer": "20~40岁", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.上述哪项是防止超急排斥的方法?(  )", "options": {"A": "进行ABO血型配型", "B": "进行HLA配型", "C": "进行混合淋巴细胞培养", "D": "应用环孢素A"}, "answer": "进行ABO血型配型", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "治疗肺炎支原体肺炎宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "头孢呋辛", "B": "阿米卡星(丁胺卡那霉素)", "C": "红霉素", "D": "链霉素"}, "answer": "红霉素", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,5岁,因发热、咳嗽1周,水肿、尿少5天入院。查体:全身明显浮肿,呈凹陷性,血压110/60mmHg。尿检:蛋白质(+++),红细胞5~7个/HP。血浆白蛋白23g/L,胆固醇9.2mmol/L。1.该患儿最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾炎", "B": "单纯性肾病", "C": "肾炎性肾病", "D": "慢性肾炎"}, "answer": "单纯性肾病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一大面积烧伤患者,近日来常寒战、高热,呈间歇热,四肢厥冷、发绀,尿量明显减少,很快发生血压下降、休克。其原因最有可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "革兰阳性细菌败血症", "B": "革兰阴性细菌败血症", "C": "真菌性败血症", "D": "厌氧菌性败血症"}, "answer": "革兰阴性细菌败血症", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "病人经常感到生殖器痒痛不适,似有小虫子在爬动,经过皮肤科反复检查却未发现任何异常,对于医生的解释患者拒绝接受。此症状最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内脏幻觉", "B": "内感性不适", "C": "幻触", "D": "错觉"}, "answer": "幻触", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.ABO抗原可(  )。", "options": {"A": "引起Ⅰ型超敏反应", "B": "引起Ⅱ型超敏反应", "C": "引起Ⅲ型超敏反应", "D": "是Ⅰ型超敏反应的介质"}, "answer": "引起Ⅱ型超敏反应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胆红素脑病患儿临床表现可包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "嗜睡", "B": "肌张力减低", "C": "喂养困难", "D": "以上各项"}, "answer": "以上各项", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "青年男性外伤致右肱骨干骨折,折端外露。查体:有垂腕、垂指畸形,虎口感觉障碍。1.该患者的正确诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右肱骨干骨折伴桡神经损伤", "B": "右肱骨干开放性骨折伴桡神经损伤", "C": "右肱骨干开放性骨折", "D": "右肱骨干闭合性骨折"}, "answer": "右肱骨干开放性骨折伴桡神经损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "人体实验的道德原则中符合病人健康高于医学目的是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "人体实验应是没有风险", "B": "人体实验应是危险很小", "C": "人体实验应是不能损害人们的健康", "D": "人体实验的危险不能超过实验带来的利益"}, "answer": "人体实验的危险不能超过实验带来的利益", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "良性肿瘤的异型性主要表现在(  )。", "options": {"A": "肿瘤组织结构紊乱", "B": "瘤细胞核的多形性", "C": "核浆比例不明显", "D": "可见核分裂象"}, "answer": "肿瘤组织结构紊乱", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,35岁。间断发作腰痛伴右下肢麻木3年,CT提示中央型腰椎间盘突出症,经保守治疗缓解,近1个月症状逐渐加重,2小时前出现大小便障碍。首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖皮质激素硬膜外注射", "B": "绝对卧床休息", "C": "髓核摘除术", "D": "持续牵引"}, "answer": "髓核摘除术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性链球菌感染后肾小球肾炎属(  )。", "options": {"A": "膜性增生性肾炎", "B": "弥漫性毛细血管内增生性肾炎", "C": "新月体性肾炎", "D": "轻微病变性肾炎"}, "answer": "弥漫性毛细血管内增生性肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "神经纤维中相邻两个锋电位的时间间隔至少应大于其(  )。", "options": {"A": "相对不应期", "B": "绝对不应期", "C": "超常期", "D": "低常期"}, "answer": "绝对不应期", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性支气管炎患者的下列表现中,不应该使用抗生素的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "咳黏液样痰", "B": "发热", "C": "喘息伴哮鸣音", "D": "两肺下部散在湿啰音"}, "answer": "喘息伴哮鸣音", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,30岁,持续发热10天。体检:精神萎靡,反应淡漠,体温39.5℃,心率70次/分,肝肋下未触及,脾肋下2cm。化验:WBC 1.4×109/L,N 60%,L 40%,肥达氏反应O 1:80(+),H 1:160(+),ALT 180μmol/L,总胆红素22.2μmol/L。2.为确诊应首先检查的项目是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血培养", "B": "骨髓培养", "C": "外裴氏反应", "D": "肝炎病毒血清学检测"}, "answer": "血培养", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "双侧旁中央小叶及其附近中央前后回受损将导致(  )。", "options": {"A": "下肢瘫痪", "B": "下肢感觉障碍", "C": "面舌及上肢感觉障碍", "D": "痉挛性截瘫,传导束性感觉障碍及尿潴留"}, "answer": "痉挛性截瘫,传导束性感觉障碍及尿潴留", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿6岁,半月前患猩红热,经治疗后好转,近1周有不规则的发热,伴有游走性关节痛,多汗、乏力。查体:精神萎靡,面色苍白,心率120次/分,心音低钝,杂音不明显,肺呼吸音清,腹平坦柔软,肝脏、脾脏未触及,双膝关节红肿、疼痛、活动受限,下肢不肿。X线胸片示:肺阴性,心脏轻度向两侧扩大,心脏搏动减弱。心电图示:P-R间期延长。4.该患儿应严格卧床休息的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2周", "B": "4周", "C": "8周", "D": "3个月"}, "answer": "4周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肺动脉及其分支栓塞的栓子最常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "二尖瓣的疣状血栓", "B": "体静脉和右心房的血栓", "C": "动脉及左心房的血栓", "D": "左心室附壁血栓"}, "answer": "体静脉和右心房的血栓", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.病人有高血压和卒中发作史,目前有近事记忆障碍,情绪不稳定,日常生活自理有困难,病程时有波动,人格相对保持完整(  )。", "options": {"A": "谵妄状态", "B": "痴呆状态", "C": "血管性痴呆", "D": "意识障碍"}, "answer": "血管性痴呆", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者右面神经周围性瘫,双眼不能向右侧凝视,左侧偏瘫,左侧Babinski征阳性,病变位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "右侧内囊", "B": "左侧脑桥", "C": "右侧脑桥", "D": "内囊病变延及桥脑"}, "answer": "右侧脑桥", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.阿米巴肝脓肿的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "食欲减退", "B": "右上腹绞痛及黄疸", "C": "肝穿刺抽出棕褐色脓液", "D": "突发寒战、高热,肝区疼痛,肝大"}, "answer": "肝穿刺抽出棕褐色脓液", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某医院未经批准新设医疗机构美容科,从外地聘请了一位退休外科医师担任主治医师,该院的行为的性质属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "非法行医", "B": "超范围执业", "C": "正常医疗行为", "D": "开展新技术"}, "answer": "超范围执业", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于细菌内毒素的描述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "由革兰阴性菌裂解产生", "B": "毒性较弱且无特异性", "C": "耐热,160℃,2~4小时才被破坏", "D": "抗原性强,经甲醛处理可制成类毒素"}, "answer": "抗原性强,经甲醛处理可制成类毒素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患甲类传染病死亡的,应当将尸体(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即进行卫生处理,就近火化", "B": "立即火化", "C": "立即深埋", "D": "以上都不对"}, "answer": "立即进行卫生处理,就近火化", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1岁男孩,持续高热,咳嗽7天,伴喘憋,嗜睡2天,今日惊厥2次,抽后神志不清。体检:浅昏迷,体温39.5℃。呼吸80次/min,心率180次/min。面色苍白,口周发绀,三凹征明显,两肺呼吸音粗,左背下部叩诊浊音,可闻支气管呼吸音及中细湿啰音,心音低钝,肝肋下4cm,前囟饱满,Kerning征阴性,Barbinsid征阳性,血WBC 10×109/L。脑脊液检查:细胞数6×106/L,潘氏试验阴性,糖3.6mmol/L,氯化物102mmol/L。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺病毒性肺炎,心力衰竭,中毒性脑病", "B": "呼吸道合胞病毒性肺炎,心力衰竭,高热惊厥", "C": "金葡菌肺炎,心力衰竭,高热惊厥", "D": "支原体肺炎,心力衰竭,化脓性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "腺病毒性肺炎,心力衰竭,中毒性脑病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "衣壳的生物学意义不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "携带遗传信息", "B": "吸附细胞", "C": "引起免疫应答", "D": "病毒分类依据"}, "answer": "携带遗传信息", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医德修养的根本途径和方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "见贤思齐", "B": "在医疗实践中修养", "C": "自我反思", "D": "接受病人监督"}, "answer": "在医疗实践中修养", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以下哪项是艾滋病患者肺部机会性感染最常见的病原体?(  )", "options": {"A": "巨细胞病毒", "B": "结核杆菌", "C": "疱疹病毒", "D": "肺孢子虫"}, "answer": "肺孢子虫", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "H+泵抑制药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胶体碱,枸橼酸铋", "B": "奥美拉唑", "C": "哌仑西平", "D": "丙谷胺"}, "answer": "奥美拉唑", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,39岁。痛经进行性加重5年,月经量增多2年。妇科检查:子宫后位,球形增大,如2个月妊娠大小,活动欠佳,触痛阳性,双附件区未触及异常,CA125 87U/ml。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫肉瘤", "B": "子宫腺肌病", "C": "子宫内膜异位症", "D": "子宫肌瘤"}, "answer": "子宫腺肌病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,32岁,近3月来失眠,情绪烦躁,时常自言自语,说听到许多人在耳边议论他,有时是表扬他,有时是批评他;工作漫不经心,无故旷工,家人劝说,则有打骂毁物行为,体检及神经系统无异常发现,该病情的诊断考虑是(  )。", "options": {"A": "躁狂症", "B": "精神分裂症", "C": "人格障碍", "D": "神经衰弱"}, "answer": "精神分裂症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,36岁,间断上腹痛5年,空腹时出现,Hp(+),应选择的联合治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "奥美拉唑+CBS+抗生素", "B": "硫糖铝+阿托品+抗生素", "C": "前列腺素+硫糖铝", "D": "法莫替丁+抗生素"}, "answer": "奥美拉唑+CBS+抗生素", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,64岁。上腹疼痛5小时。胆囊多发结石病史5年。查体:T 38.3℃,P 100次/分,BP 85/60mmHg,皮肤、巩膜黄染,右上腹肌紧张,压痛(+),为明确诊断,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部B超", "B": "腹部CT", "C": "胆道镜检查", "D": "经皮肝穿刺胆管造影"}, "answer": "腹部B超", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3~6个月婴儿维生素D缺乏性佝偻病激期骨骼改变最常见的表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅骨软化", "B": "方颅", "C": "腕踝部膨大", "D": "肋骨串珠和肋膈沟"}, "answer": "颅骨软化", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "治疗抑郁发作的常用药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "地西泮", "B": "丙咪嗪", "C": "氯丙嗪", "D": "奥氮平"}, "answer": "丙咪嗪", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "28岁初产妇,妊娠41周,阵发性腹痛10小时,宫缩10~15分钟1次,持续30秒,宫口开大3cm。3.若已进入第二产程,胎头+4,胎心102次/分,此时的恰当的处理应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "等待自然分娩", "B": "行产钳术助娩", "C": "静脉滴注缩宫素加强宫缩", "D": "静脉注射地西泮加速产程进展"}, "answer": "行产钳术助娩", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.引起双下肢痉挛性瘫病变部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大脑皮质", "B": "内囊", "C": "脑干", "D": "胸髓"}, "answer": "胸髓", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "补体经典途径反应的次序是(  )。", "options": {"A": "C1→C2→C3……→C9", "B": "C1→C2→C3→C5……→C9", "C": "C1→C4→C2→C3→C5……→C9", "D": "C3→C5→C6……→C9"}, "answer": "C1→C4→C2→C3→C5……→C9", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "控制结核病流行的最根本措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "治愈痰涂片阳性病人", "B": "普查发现新病人", "C": "加强宣传力度", "D": "预防性化疗"}, "answer": "治愈痰涂片阳性病人", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "胚胎抗原的特点(  )。", "options": {"A": "胚胎期产生,出生后完全消失", "B": "仅以分泌形成存在", "C": "在宿主体内抗原性极弱", "D": "仅以膜结合形式存在"}, "answer": "在宿主体内抗原性极弱", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,教师,下肢静脉曲张,术中见静脉腔内有多个褐色物,堵塞管腔,该褐色物最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉内瘤栓", "B": "静脉内血栓", "C": "静脉内血凝块", "D": "静脉内血栓栓子"}, "answer": "静脉内血栓", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "丘脑的非特异投射系统的主要作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "引起牵涉痛", "B": "引起触觉", "C": "调节内脏功能", "D": "维持大脑皮质的兴奋状态"}, "answer": "维持大脑皮质的兴奋状态", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.易合并硬膜下积液(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核性脑膜炎", "B": "脑膜炎双球菌脑膜炎", "C": "流感嗜血杆菌脑膜炎", "D": "真菌性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "流感嗜血杆菌脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "11个月小儿,发热3天,体温39.0℃,呕吐2次,抽搐1次。体检:神志清,精神萎靡,皮肤无出血点,前囟稍隆起,颈略抵抗,Barbinski征阳性。曾于半岁时有高热惊厥1次。2.为明确诊断,首先宜进行(  )。", "options": {"A": "血钙、磷测定", "B": "脑电图检查", "C": "脑脊液检查+培养", "D": "血培养+药敏"}, "answer": "脑脊液检查+培养", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,38岁。突发心悸伴烦躁和胸闷30分钟,四肢发凉,曾出现黑蒙,收入急诊监护病房。查体:BP 70/50mmHg,心率180次/分,心律绝对不齐,心音强弱不等,心脏各瓣膜区未闻及杂音。心电图提示“预激综合征伴心房颤动”。1.该患者最适宜的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉注射维拉帕米", "B": "电复律", "C": "静脉注射毛花苷C", "D": "静脉注射普罗帕酮"}, "answer": "电复律", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "据报道,现在有些医院已采取了一些隔离措施,使体格检查置于一个相对封闭的环境中,以免受检病人曝光于众人面前。更确切地说,这些措施反映了医院和医生哪种医德意识?(  )", "options": {"A": "服务意识", "B": "保护病人隐私意识", "C": "有利于病人的意识", "D": "热爱医学事业的意识"}, "answer": "保护病人隐私意识", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "术前准备的重要性中,以下各项中最重要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "防止术后感染", "B": "防止术后伤口裂开", "C": "使机体接近生理状态,提高手术耐受力", "D": "预防术后肺不张"}, "answer": "使机体接近生理状态,提高手术耐受力", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一个电工在进行带电线路检查时,突然大叫一声,摔倒在地无任何反应,如何判定病人呼吸心跳停止?(  )", "options": {"A": "神志消失", "B": "无自主呼吸", "C": "大动脉无搏动", "D": "听诊心音"}, "answer": "大动脉无搏动", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,71岁,下台阶时摔伤髋部。查体:右下肢短缩3cm,足外旋45°,髋部叩压痛明显,旋转痛阳性髋部无明显肿胀,诊断最可能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右髋脱位", "B": "右股骨干骨折", "C": "右髋骨折", "D": "右股骨颈骨折"}, "answer": "右股骨颈骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.麻疹疫苗初种(  )。", "options": {"A": "生后2~6个月", "B": "1~3岁", "C": "3~7岁", "D": "生后8~10个月"}, "answer": "生后8~10个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "调节细胞生长的重要物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "精胺", "B": "5-羟色胺", "C": "谷氨酰胺", "D": "天冬酰胺"}, "answer": "精胺", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "术前常规禁食的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "禁食4小时,禁水2小时", "B": "禁食6小时,禁水2小时", "C": "禁食10小时,禁水3小时", "D": "禁食12小时,禁水4小时"}, "answer": "禁食12小时,禁水4小时", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿肺炎引起脓胸最常见的病原菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠球菌", "B": "溶血性链球菌", "C": "流感嗜血杆菌", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "重度有机磷中毒时,全血胆碱酯酶活力应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "60%以下", "B": "70%以下", "C": "50%以下", "D": "30%以下"}, "answer": "30%以下", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "病人在旷野里听到两个人因为买一件物品而争吵不休,各说各的理,此现象是(  )。", "options": {"A": "争论性幻听", "B": "思维化声", "C": "命令性幻听", "D": "思维鸣响"}, "answer": "争论性幻听", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,45岁。双手和膝关节肿痛伴晨僵1年。体检:肘部可及皮下结节,质硬,无触痛。2.最有助于确定诊断的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "关节影像检查", "B": "滑液检查", "C": "抗核抗体", "D": "ESR"}, "answer": "关节影像检查", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一男性,某省厅干部,平时不嗜烟酒,生活规律;但性情急躁,易激动,工作认真,争强好胜,雄心勃勃。1年前单位减员时调入某厂工作,常因小事上火,发脾气。3日前因心绞痛入院,诊断为冠心病。3.病人的情绪反应属(  )。", "options": {"A": "恐怖反应", "B": "抑郁反应", "C": "愤怒反应", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "以上都不是", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "个体为维持自己生存和种族延续适应不断变化的复杂环境所做出的各种反应,称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "学习", "B": "行为", "C": "动机", "D": "需要"}, "answer": "行为", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "8岁男孩,4周前曾患脓疱病,近3日来眼睑浮肿,尿少,有肉眼血尿。查体:呼吸34次/分,心率110次/分,血压17.5/11kPa,眼睑及双下肢浮肿,双肺底少许湿啰音,肝肋下2cm,化验尿蛋白(+++),红细胞20~30/HP,ASO700U,C30.4g/L,白蛋白28g/L。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾炎", "B": "肾炎型肾病", "C": "慢性肾炎", "D": "IgA肾病"}, "answer": "急性肾炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,30岁,重症感染病人,每天上午10时出现寒战,高热,已连续5d。疑有败血症,应做血培养。最佳抽血时间应在(  )。", "options": {"A": "预计发生寒战及发热前", "B": "寒战后体温升至最高时", "C": "体温正常后1h", "D": "体温正常后0.5h"}, "answer": "预计发生寒战及发热前", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3岁患儿,曾多次患肺炎,平时无发绀。查体:心前区隆起,心尖搏动弥散,胸骨左缘第2肋间闻Ⅲ级粗糙的连续性机器样杂音,向颈部传导,有震颤,有水冲脉。5.如果此患儿心尖部出现舒张中期隆隆样杂音,提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺动脉高压", "B": "肺动脉狭窄", "C": "左向右分流量大", "D": "左向右分流量小"}, "answer": "左向右分流量大", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.百白破疫苗的初种年龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "3个月", "B": "出生时", "C": "8个月", "D": "1岁"}, "answer": "3个月", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性肾功能衰竭少尿期的主要死因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低血钾", "B": "高血钾", "C": "DIC", "D": "代谢性酸中毒"}, "answer": "高血钾", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,21岁,消瘦、多饮2个月,咽痛、发热3天,意识不清4小时。1.哪一项体征对诊断有特殊意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "心动过速", "B": "中度昏迷", "C": "呼气有烂苹果味", "D": "血压80/60mmHg"}, "answer": "呼气有烂苹果味", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,53岁。因上腹部隐痛1个月余就诊。查粪隐血(+),行纤维胃镜检查,见胃小弯2cm×2cm溃疡,中央凹陷有污秽苔,周围隆起且不规则,质硬易出血,蠕动少。2.为明确诊断,最可靠的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃液分析", "B": "胃镜+活检", "C": "X线胃肠钡餐造影", "D": "胃脱落细胞检查"}, "answer": "胃镜+活检", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于抗疟药,下列哪一项叙述是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "氯喹可根治间日疟", "B": "氯喹对阿米巴痢疾有效", "C": "青蒿素治疗疟疾的最大缺点是复发率高", "D": "乙胺嘧啶能引起急性溶血性贫血"}, "answer": "青蒿素治疗疟疾的最大缺点是复发率高", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "抗原是指能够刺激机体的免疫系统发生免疫应答进而(  )。", "options": {"A": "产生致敏LC的物质", "B": "产生抗体的物质", "C": "与相应的抗体在体内外特异性结合的物质", "D": "产生抗体和(或)致敏LC,并与相应的抗体或致敏LC在体内外特异性结合的物质"}, "answer": "产生抗体和(或)致敏LC,并与相应的抗体或致敏LC在体内外特异性结合的物质", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列有关脂肪变性的描述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "磷中毒时,脂肪变性首先累及肝小叶的中央细胞", "B": "肝瘀血时,脂肪变性首先累及肝小叶周边细胞", "C": "严重贫血时,心脏乳头肌可呈虎斑状", "D": "心肌脂肪变性严重影响心脏功能"}, "answer": "严重贫血时,心脏乳头肌可呈虎斑状", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.经产妇,27岁,32周妊娠,昨日夜晚突然出现无痛性阴道出血,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "前置胎盘", "B": "羊水过多", "C": "胎盘早剥", "D": "先兆子宫破裂"}, "answer": "前置胎盘", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,48岁。反复发生尿急、尿频、尿痛伴腰痛与低热10余年。曾查尿蛋白(++),近1年来出现无力,纳差、清晨恶心,偶尔呕吐。近日症状再现,尿蛋白(+),尿沉渣镜检白细胞20~30个/HP、红细胞偶见,血尿素氮13.6mmol/L,血肌酐353.6μmol/L,血红蛋白90g/L。2.除肾功能不全的诊断外还应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性肾盂肾炎", "B": "慢性肾盂肾炎急性发作", "C": "急性肾盂肾炎", "D": "慢性肾炎合并肾盂肾炎"}, "answer": "慢性肾盂肾炎急性发作", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "易早期出现颅内高压症状的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "额叶肿瘤", "B": "颞叶肿瘤", "C": "枕叶肿瘤", "D": "第四脑室肿瘤"}, "answer": "第四脑室肿瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列各项中符合急性淋巴细胞白血病的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "与EB病毒感染相关", "B": "为儿童的主要白血病类型", "C": "化疗反应差", "D": "复发率低"}, "answer": "为儿童的主要白血病类型", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,17岁。疲乏无力,心烦易怒,怕热多汗半年,易饿。体重下降11kg,月经量减少,经期仅1~2天。查体:BP 140/70mmHg,皮肤微潮,手有细颤,轻微突眼,甲状腺Ⅰ度弥漫性肿大,质软,无触痛。2.明确诊断的主要检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺放射性核素扫描", "B": "垂体功能测定", "C": "血甲状腺素水平测定", "D": "甲状腺摄131碘率"}, "answer": "血甲状腺素水平测定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,46岁。右小指被鱼刺刺伤后肿胀、疼痛2天。体检:小指呈半屈位,被动伸直小指时剧痛。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "化脓性腱鞘炎", "B": "尺侧化脓性滑囊炎", "C": "掌深间隙感染", "D": "鱼际间隙感染"}, "answer": "化脓性腱鞘炎", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "我国急性胰腺炎的主要病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性酒精中毒", "B": "胆道系统疾病", "C": "胰管阻塞", "D": "手术与创伤"}, "answer": "胆道系统疾病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "骨巨细胞瘤X线表现(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨性破坏,可见片状钙化", "B": "位于干骺端,可见有分格", "C": "骨破坏,可见Codman三角", "D": "偏心性,位于骨端,溶骨性破坏"}, "answer": "偏心性,位于骨端,溶骨性破坏", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "基础代谢率是以每小时下述哪项为单位计算的产热量?(  )", "options": {"A": "体重", "B": "年龄", "C": "体表面积", "D": "环境温度"}, "answer": "体表面积", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医生的责任感具有(  )。", "options": {"A": "稳定性", "B": "强制性", "C": "灵活性", "D": "全民性"}, "answer": "稳定性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,55岁,因患短肠综合征,予全胃肠外营养(TPN)治疗。应用1周时病人出现昏迷,但尿内无酮体。病人既往曾有空腹血糖高(10mmol/L)。3.预防此病主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "开始1周内注意葡萄糖输注的浓度、速度和与胰岛素的比例", "B": "加强导管护理、无菌操作", "C": "纠正水和电解质紊乱,预防酸中毒发生", "D": "加强保肝"}, "answer": "开始1周内注意葡萄糖输注的浓度、速度和与胰岛素的比例", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "我国法定传染病中甲类传染病包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "狂犬病和天花", "B": "霍乱和副霍乱", "C": "鼠疫和霍乱", "D": "艾滋病和霍乱"}, "answer": "鼠疫和霍乱", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿腹泻4天,中度脱水。经2天补液后脱水基本纠正,但仍肢软,心音稍钝,进食甚少。在整个补液治疗过程中对补钾按下列方案进行,但哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "静脉钾盐滴注浓度不超过0.3%", "B": "滴注时间不少于6~8小时", "C": "脱水纠正后第二天停止补钾", "D": "补钾量一般为3~4mmol/(kg·d)"}, "answer": "脱水纠正后第二天停止补钾", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.肌肉中贮存能源的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "GTP", "B": "CTP", "C": "UTP", "D": "磷酸肌酸"}, "answer": "磷酸肌酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,28岁。反复上腹痛2年,加重并呕吐宿食2周,伴有口渴、少尿。最可能的电解质失衡种类是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低钾低氯性酸中毒", "B": "高钾低氯性碱中毒", "C": "低钾低氯性碱中毒", "D": "低钾高氯性酸中毒"}, "answer": "低钾低氯性碱中毒", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列与病毒蛋白质作用无关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸附作用", "B": "脂溶剂可破坏其敏感性", "C": "病毒包膜的主要成分", "D": "免疫原性"}, "answer": "脂溶剂可破坏其敏感性", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,62岁,诊断胃癌,血压160/100mmHg,重度贫血,消瘦,术前准备不是必要的项目是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纠正贫血", "B": "改善营养状态", "C": "血压降至正常", "D": "血生化检测"}, "answer": "血压降至正常", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "属于液化性坏死的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心肌梗死", "B": "脑坏死", "C": "肠梗死", "D": "足坏疽"}, "answer": "脑坏死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "与幽门螺杆菌感染相关性不确定的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化性溃疡", "B": "慢性胃炎", "C": "反流性食管炎", "D": "胃癌"}, "answer": "反流性食管炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,45岁。上腹部剧烈疼痛3小时,随即蔓延至全腹,呈持续性。查体:板状腹,全腹压痛及反跳痛,肠鸣音消失。确诊需要做的最重要的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直肠指诊", "B": "诊断性腹腔穿刺", "C": "腹部立位X线平片", "D": "腹部B超"}, "answer": "腹部立位X线平片", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "孕妇需要蛋白质的最高量是在(  )。", "options": {"A": "孕14周", "B": "孕20周", "C": "孕早期", "D": "孕晚期"}, "answer": "孕晚期", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,45岁,反复大便时出血8年。近2个月来因大便干结,出血量增加,感头晕。查:Hb 90g/L,肠管有水肿,肛门周围见梅花状脱出物。1.最可能的准断(  )。", "options": {"A": "混合痔", "B": "环状内痔", "C": "溃疡性结肠炎", "D": "家族性息肉病变"}, "answer": "环状内痔", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,30岁,腹部被自行车碾过,尚未明确诊断,观察期间错误的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "禁饮、禁食", "B": "注射吗啡镇痛", "C": "反复检查腹部", "D": "检测血压、脉搏"}, "answer": "注射吗啡镇痛", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.在粘膜表面粘附时,可产生分解SIgA蛋白酶的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄球菌", "B": "链球菌", "C": "肺炎链球菌", "D": "淋病奈瑟菌"}, "answer": "淋病奈瑟菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于SLE病人妊娠问题,哪一项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "应病情稳定,心、肾功能正常,方可妊娠", "B": "可出现新生儿狼疮", "C": "妊娠时可使SLE病情恶化", "D": "妊娠头3个月内可应用免疫抑制剂"}, "answer": "妊娠头3个月内可应用免疫抑制剂", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是参与I型超敏反应的效应细胞?(  )", "options": {"A": "肥大细胞", "B": "B1细胞", "C": "巨噬细胞", "D": "NKT细胞"}, "answer": "肥大细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "结核分枝杆菌化学组成最显著的特点是含有大量的(  )。", "options": {"A": "多糖", "B": "脂类", "C": "RNA", "D": "磷壁酸"}, "answer": "脂类", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医患关系是以社会主义法制为保障建立起来的(  )。", "options": {"A": "权威关系", "B": "信誉关系", "C": "互助关系", "D": "信托关系"}, "answer": "信托关系", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在环境化学污染物中,一次污染物是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "从污染物排入环境后,理化特性发生了变化的污染物", "B": "从污染源直接排入环境,理化性质未发生变化的污染物", "C": "从污染源排入环境后,其毒性增大的污染物", "D": "多个污染源同时排出的同一类污染物"}, "answer": "从污染源直接排入环境,理化性质未发生变化的污染物", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女性,41岁,已行乳腺癌改良根治术,原发肿物大小约2cm×1cm,腋窝淋巴结可见癌转移1/19,未发现远处脏器转移,雌孕激素受体为阴性。2.下一步不宜进行的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "放射治疗", "B": "中医药治疗", "C": "内分泌治疗", "D": "综合治疗"}, "answer": "内分泌治疗", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪种治疗方法是治疗急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎最常用的有效手术方式?(  )", "options": {"A": "急诊胆总管切开引流", "B": "胆囊切除术", "C": "胆囊造口术", "D": "十二指肠切除术"}, "answer": "急诊胆总管切开引流", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于急性膀胱炎的治疗措施,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "根据尿沉渣涂片检查初步选用抗生素", "B": "根据尿细菌培养和药敏试验选用最敏感的抗生素", "C": "口服小苏打", "D": "症状好转后停药"}, "answer": "症状好转后停药", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,22岁,学生,受凉后畏寒,高热3天,右胸痛及右上腹痛2天,深吸气时加剧,查体:T 39.5℃,P 120次/分,R 36次/分,BP 80/50mmHg,巩膜轻度黄染,右下肺叩诊浊音,右下肺可闻及支气管呼吸音,心率120次/分,律不齐,偶有早搏,中上腹轻度压痛,肢端湿冷,此患者除抗感染治疗外,应首先采取的诊疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "液体复苏", "B": "机械通气治疗", "C": "静脉注射碳酸氢钠", "D": "急诊腹部B超检查"}, "answer": "液体复苏", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,30岁。骑自行车时不慎摔倒,出现四肢不全瘫痪。X线片示:齿状突骨折伴脱位。此时治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "石膏领固定", "B": "颅骨牵引固定术", "C": "吊带牵引", "D": "切开复位内固定术"}, "answer": "颅骨牵引固定术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "45岁,女性,反复腹痛、发热、黄疸1年,近3d上述症状加重,高热黄疸不退。入院体温40℃,脉搏120/min,血压70/50mmHg,该病人首选的治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "太剂量抗生素治疗感染后择期手术", "B": "全胃肠外营养后手术", "C": "积极抗休克同时及早手术", "D": "应用血管收缩药,血压升至正常后及早手术"}, "answer": "积极抗休克同时及早手术", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "测得初孕妇坐骨结节间径7cm,出口后矢状径7cm,现妊娠39周,估计胎儿约3200g,宫缩正常,宫口开大2.5cm。正确的分娩方式应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "自然分娩", "B": "会阴侧切,经阴道分娩", "C": "产钳术", "D": "剖宫产术"}, "answer": "剖宫产术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.原核阻遏蛋白的结合位点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "DNA序列", "B": "蛋白质", "C": "操纵序列", "D": "阻遏型操纵子"}, "answer": "操纵序列", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,教师,下肢静脉曲张,术中可见静脉腔有多个褐色物,堵塞管腔,该褐色物最可能的病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉内血栓栓子", "B": "静脉内瘤栓", "C": "静脉内凝血", "D": "静脉石"}, "answer": "静脉石", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "与水盐代谢无关的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胰岛素", "B": "皮质醇", "C": "抗利尿激素", "D": "雌激素"}, "answer": "胰岛素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAM)的重要作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "补充甲硫氨酸", "B": "提供甲基", "C": "合成四氢叶酸", "D": "合成嘌呤核苷酸"}, "answer": "提供甲基", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "突触前抑制的产生是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "突触前轴突末梢超极化", "B": "突触前轴突末梢去极化", "C": "突触前轴突末梢释放抑制性递质", "D": "突触后神经元超极化"}, "answer": "突触前轴突末梢去极化", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,35岁,因慢性咳嗽2个月,发热、气促1周入院。体检:体温38.9℃,颈部、腋下及腹股沟处触及多个直径lcm的淋巴结,无压痛,与周围组织无粘连,肺部偶可闻及少量湿啰音。胸片呈间质性肺炎改变。人院后先后采用青霉素、红霉素、卡那霉素、环丙沙星等抗感染治疗20天,患者症状反而加重,出现缺氧、发绀。追问患者,3年前曾去非洲工作,1年前回国。2.为明确诊断,应进行的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "痰培养", "B": "血清HIV抗体检测", "C": "衣原体抗体检测", "D": "红细胞冷凝集实验"}, "answer": "血清HIV抗体检测", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于树胶肿的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "自觉症状明显,疼痛剧烈", "B": "可出现在全身各处,以头面和小腿伸侧多见", "C": "溃疡较深,境界清楚,边缘锐利", "D": "发生于上腭部者,局部坏死穿孔"}, "answer": "自觉症状明显,疼痛剧烈", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "治疗闭角型青光眼最佳的药物(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛果芸香碱", "B": "新斯的明", "C": "阿托品", "D": "去甲肾上腺素"}, "answer": "毛果芸香碱", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者女性,40岁,行甲状腺次全切除术,术后出现声音嘶哑,喉镜检查显示左侧声带麻痹,术中可能损伤的结构是(  )。", "options": {"A": "舌咽神经", "B": "喉上神经", "C": "舌下神经襻", "D": "左侧喉返神经"}, "answer": "左侧喉返神经", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.含巯基的氨基酸是(  )。", "options": {"A": "半胱氨酸", "B": "丝氨酸", "C": "蛋氨酸", "D": "脯氨酸"}, "answer": "半胱氨酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,28岁,因左侧甲状腺结节行左侧甲状腺大部分切除术,5天后病理结果显示为甲状腺癌,患者进一步治疗应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉化疗", "B": "行放射性外照射治疗", "C": "行放射性碘治疗", "D": "再次手术,行患侧全切、峡部切除及对侧大部切除"}, "answer": "再次手术,行患侧全切、峡部切除及对侧大部切除", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,22岁。不规则低热伴关节痛1个月,3天来尿少、浮肿,皮肤有瘀斑,化验尿蛋白(+++),红细胞10个/HP,血ESR 40 mm/h,血ANA 1/160(+),首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "系统性红斑狼疮", "B": "急性肾小球肾炎", "C": "关节型过敏性紫癜", "D": "原发性肾病综合征"}, "answer": "系统性红斑狼疮", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "属于乙类传染病的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹", "B": "麻风病", "C": "急性出血性结膜炎", "D": "风疹"}, "answer": "麻疹", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项不是乳癌的临床表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "肿块生长速度较快", "B": "癌块表面皮肤凹陷", "C": "肿块表面光滑,活动度好", "D": "橘皮样外观"}, "answer": "肿块表面光滑,活动度好", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "最适于进行输卵管结扎术的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "正常月经干净后15天", "B": "正常产后10天", "C": "人流后35天", "D": "月经干净后3~4天"}, "answer": "月经干净后3~4天", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,25岁。葡萄胎清宫术后13个月,阴道流血2周。妇科检查:阴道口处见一直径2cm紫蓝色结节,子宫稍大,质软,双侧附件正常。胸部X线片未见异常。尿妊娠试验(+)。阴道病灶组织病理检查见成堆高度增生滋养细胞,无绒毛结构。最有可能的诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "绒毛膜癌", "B": "子宫内膜异位症", "C": "葡萄胎", "D": "侵蚀性葡萄胎"}, "answer": "绒毛膜癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "原发性甲状腺功能亢进是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "继发于结节性甲状腺肿的甲亢", "B": "在甲状腺肿大的同时,出现功能亢进表现", "C": "在结节性甲状腺肿的基础上并发功能亢进症状", "D": "先出现甲状腺肿大,再出现甲状腺功能亢进症状"}, "answer": "在甲状腺肿大的同时,出现功能亢进表现", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.桡神经损伤多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "桡骨远端骨折", "B": "前臂屈肌群", "C": "尺骨上1/3骨折", "D": "肱骨干骨折"}, "answer": "肱骨干骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于原核RNA聚合酶叙述,下述哪项正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "原核RNA聚合酶有3种", "B": "由4个亚基组成的复合物", "C": "全酶中包括1个σ因子", "D": "全酶中包括2个β因子"}, "answer": "全酶中包括1个σ因子", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.婴儿生长发育所需能量(  )。", "options": {"A": "占总能量的50%~60%", "B": "占总能量的25%~30%", "C": "占总能量的10%", "D": "占总能量的5%"}, "answer": "占总能量的25%~30%", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "内毒素的主要成分为(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋白质", "B": "鞭毛", "C": "核酸", "D": "脂多糖"}, "answer": "脂多糖", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项不是代谢性酸中毒的临床表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "血压偏低", "B": "耳前叩击试验阳性", "C": "呼吸深快", "D": "呼气中有酮味"}, "answer": "耳前叩击试验阳性", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初孕妇,26岁。妊娠38周。查体:P 90次/分,R 18次/分,BP 120/80mmHg,叩诊心浊音界稍向左扩张,心尖部闻及2/6级收缩期吹风样杂音,踝部轻度水肿。最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "妊娠期高血压疾病性心脏病", "B": "风湿性心脏病合并妊娠", "C": "心脏病合并妊娠,性质待查", "D": "正常妊娠改变"}, "answer": "正常妊娠改变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,42岁,割伤手腕部,伤口二期缝合,以后手指呈爪形畸形,手内部肌明显萎缩,所有手指感觉消失,对掌功能丧失,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尺神经损伤", "B": "正中神经损伤", "C": "尺神经、正中神经联合伤", "D": "桡神经、正中神经联合伤"}, "answer": "尺神经、正中神经联合伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "血液循环中血栓随血流运行发生相应的血管阻塞的过程称之为(  )。", "options": {"A": "梗死", "B": "血栓运行", "C": "血栓栓塞", "D": "栓子"}, "answer": "血栓栓塞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,72岁。排便时突然跌倒,呼之不应。诊断为心脏骤停。有陈旧性心肌梗死和糖尿病病史。3.最佳的给药途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服", "B": "动脉注射", "C": "静脉注射", "D": "肌内注射"}, "answer": "静脉注射", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医疗保健机构为公民提供的婚前保健服务包括下述哪项内容?(  )", "options": {"A": "婚前遗传指导、婚前卫生咨询、婚前医学检查", "B": "婚前卫生指导、婚前卫生咨询、婚前医学检查", "C": "婚前卫生指导、婚前健康咨询、婚前医学检查", "D": "婚前卫生指导、婚前卫生咨询、婚前遗传检查"}, "answer": "婚前卫生指导、婚前卫生咨询、婚前医学检查", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2岁男孩,持续高热伴咳嗽6天,加重1天,烦躁、气促,青霉素治疗无效。体检:体温39.5℃,口唇青紫,三凹征明显,呼吸65次/min,心率160次/min,气管略右移,左背下部呼吸音低,叩诊浊音,肝肋下2cm,X线胸片示:两肺散在斑片状阴影,左肺下部密度均匀升高,可见自外上向内下的反抛物线状边缘。3.最主要的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "镇静剂", "B": "抗生素", "C": "强心利尿", "D": "雾化吸入"}, "answer": "抗生素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,男,3岁,l周前无明显诱因发热,流泪、畏光,当地医院疑“上呼吸道感染”给予口服抗生素,4天后患儿病情加重,咳嗽,出现皮疹,今日来我院。体检见皮肤红色斑丘疹,双肺闻及湿啰音。诊断:麻疹合并肺炎。3.应采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服转移因子", "B": "立即注射丙种球蛋白", "C": "立即接种麻疹疫苗", "D": "口服复方新诺明"}, "answer": "立即注射丙种球蛋白", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.上叙哪项是电泳分离蛋白质的依据(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋白质紫外吸收的最大波长280nm", "B": "蛋白质是两性电解质", "C": "蛋白质分子大小不同", "D": "蛋白质溶液为亲水胶体"}, "answer": "蛋白质是两性电解质", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "32岁男性,17岁时起病,走路不稳,偏向一侧,双手震颤,眼睛看不清字,成绩下降,25岁时出现癫痫大发作,27岁逐渐出现精神异常,吵闹不休,打人骂人砸东西,时有自言自语,随地大小便,吐字不清,流口水,患者妹妹有相同病史。查体:意识清楚,兴奋躁动,傻笑,思维贫乏,智力低下,行为紊乱,血清铜氧化酶低于正常,有K-F环,肝脏B超呈轻度结节性硬化。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "癫痫所致精神障碍", "B": "精神分裂症", "C": "肝豆状核变性所致精神障碍", "D": "匹克病"}, "answer": "肝豆状核变性所致精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.可反映左右心室去极过程的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "P波", "B": "QRS波群", "C": "P-R间期", "D": "ST段"}, "answer": "QRS波群", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,20岁,神志不清2小时入院,既往患1型糖尿病5年,长期皮下注射胰岛素。近3天因腹泻而停用。体检:血压70/50mmHg,皮肤中度失水征,呼吸深大,有烂苹果味,心率130次/分。2.最可能与诊断无关的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血气分析", "B": "血电解质测定", "C": "尿糖、尿酮", "D": "血培养"}, "answer": "血培养", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "每当听到电话铃声的同时就听到辱骂自己的声音,该症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心因性幻听", "B": "元素性幻听", "C": "假性幻听", "D": "功能性幻听"}, "answer": "功能性幻听", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,52岁。慢性咳嗽、咳痰5年余,冬季好发,仍能坚持上班。近因胃溃疡大出血急诊手术治疗。手术后第1天出现呼吸困难进行性加重,伴发热。有冠心病史,平素无症状。动脉血气分析(呼吸空气):pH 7.48,PaCO2 4.0kPa(30mmHg),PaO2 6.7kPa(50mmHg),Qs/Qt 32%。胸片两肺血管纹理增粗,普遍模糊。3.如果床旁胸片检查示右肺大片阴影,密度均匀。右肋膈角消失,纵隔阴影左移。结合病史,其诊断应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺不张", "B": "胸腔积液", "C": "肺泡出血", "D": "肺栓塞"}, "answer": "胸腔积液", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.参与联合脱氨基的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "转氨酶", "B": "乳酸脱氢酶", "C": "HMG-CoA还原酶", "D": "琥珀酰CoA羧化酶"}, "answer": "转氨酶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "晚期卵巢癌最常见的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹痛", "B": "阴道出血", "C": "腹胀", "D": "发热"}, "answer": "腹胀", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,69岁。发现右侧阴囊内肿物5年,逐渐增大。肿物呈球形,表面光滑,有囊性感,无压痛,触不到睾丸和附睾,透光性试验阳性,B超示液性暗区。平卧后肿物无消失或缩小。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹股沟斜疝", "B": "附睾炎", "C": "睾丸鞘膜积液", "D": "睾丸肿瘤"}, "answer": "睾丸鞘膜积液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,30岁。多汗、心悸、消瘦3月,无其他不适。查体:甲状腺Ⅱ度弥漫性肿大,T3、T4水平升高,TSH水平下降,诊断为甲状腺功能亢进。1.不适宜的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗甲状腺药物", "B": "放射碘", "C": "碘剂和β受体阻滞剂", "D": "甲状腺手术"}, "answer": "甲状腺手术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医务人员正确的功利观不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "解除病人的痛苦,保障了人民健康", "B": "肯定个人功利的同时去争取集体和社会的功利", "C": "强调个人利益,集体社会功利与己无关", "D": "以对集体社会贡献大小为功利的概括"}, "answer": "强调个人利益,集体社会功利与己无关", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "最可能加重变异性心绞痛的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "β-受体抑制剂", "B": "硝酸酯类药物", "C": "抗血小板药物", "D": "调血脂药物"}, "answer": "β-受体抑制剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "30岁,男性,来自农村,发病4天,主要表现为发热、出血、少尿,如果怀疑肾综合征出血热,最应做的化验是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿常规", "B": "便常规", "C": "出凝血时间", "D": "血、尿常规"}, "answer": "血、尿常规", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是引起急性出血性结肠炎的病原体?(  )", "options": {"A": "志贺菌", "B": "伤寒沙门菌", "C": "大肠埃希菌O157型", "D": "轮状病毒A组"}, "answer": "大肠埃希菌O157型", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性肾小球肾炎与急进性肾小球肾炎临床相似之处为(  )。", "options": {"A": "中度贫血", "B": "预后很好", "C": "以急性肾炎综合征起病", "D": "早期出现急性肾衰竭"}, "answer": "以急性肾炎综合征起病", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某病人因车祸被抬入急诊室。CT检查显示颅内有血肿,量约30mL,合并下颌骨开放性骨折。并有舌后坠,抢救原则首先是(  )。", "options": {"A": "下颌骨结扎固定", "B": "补充血容量", "C": "保持呼吸道通畅", "D": "开颅手术"}, "answer": "保持呼吸道通畅", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "淋病奈氏菌可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "包涵体结膜炎", "B": "脓漏眼", "C": "沙眼", "D": "青光眼"}, "answer": "脓漏眼", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医学在我国古代被称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "技术", "B": "人术", "C": "仁术", "D": "医术"}, "answer": "仁术", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "5岁女孩,自幼身体瘦弱,易患感冒。体检:心前区稍隆起,未触及震颤,胸骨左缘第2肋间闻及2/6级收缩期杂音,P2亢进,固定分裂。3.最可能出现的超声心动图改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左室大,左室流出道增宽", "B": "右房大,右室流出道增宽", "C": "室间隔与左室壁反向运动", "D": "主动脉增宽"}, "answer": "室间隔与左室壁反向运动", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪个药物治疗癫痫局限性发作是无效的?(  )", "options": {"A": "丙戊酸", "B": "苯妥英钠", "C": "乙琥胺", "D": "卡马西平"}, "answer": "乙琥胺", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是脑动脉栓塞栓子最可能的来源?(  )", "options": {"A": "左心房附壁血栓", "B": "右心房附壁血栓", "C": "右心室附壁血栓", "D": "下肢股静脉血栓"}, "answer": "左心房附壁血栓", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女孩10岁,发热2周,苍白,多汗,心悸,双膝关节痛肿,第一心音低钝,ASO增高,ESR增快。2.该患儿的药物治疗方案应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿司匹林", "B": "氯化钾", "C": "强的松", "D": "阿托平"}, "answer": "阿司匹林", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "法洛四联症常见的并发症,下列哪一项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑血栓", "B": "脑缺氧发作", "C": "细菌性心内膜炎", "D": "梗阻型肺动脉高压"}, "answer": "梗阻型肺动脉高压", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,56岁,阵发性腹痛6d,伴恶心腹胀2d入院,无发热,体格检查:腹膨隆,见肠型,肠鸣音亢进,有气过水声,腹部X线平片见腹中部扩张小肠呈“阶梯状”液平,结肠内少量积气,可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻痹性肠梗阻", "B": "低位小肠梗阻", "C": "坏死性小肠炎", "D": "乙状结肠扭转"}, "answer": "低位小肠梗阻", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "6.我国慢性肝炎患者主要由哪型肝炎病毒引起?(  )", "options": {"A": "甲型肝炎病毒", "B": "丙型肝炎病毒", "C": "丁型肝炎病毒", "D": "戊型肝炎病毒"}, "answer": "丙型肝炎病毒", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,32岁。间歇出现颜面及下肢水肿已经5年,伴乏力、头痛。血压180/110mmHg,Hb 70g/L,尿蛋白(++),尿红细胞6~10/HP。2.可能性最大的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾炎", "B": "高血压肾小动脉硬化", "C": "慢性肾炎", "D": "肾衰竭"}, "answer": "慢性肾炎", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述药物—适应证—不良反应中哪一组是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "苯巴比妥—癫痫大发作—嗜睡", "B": "乙琥胺—精神运动性发作—胃肠反应", "C": "对乙酰氨基酚—发热—肝损害", "D": "左旋多巴—震颤麻痹—精神障碍"}, "answer": "乙琥胺—精神运动性发作—胃肠反应", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "电子传递的递氢体有5种类型,它们按一定顺序进行电子传递,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "辅酶→泛醌→黄素蛋白→铁硫蛋白→细胞色素", "B": "黄素蛋白→辅酶Ⅰ→铁硫蛋白→泛醌→细胞色素", "C": "辅酶Ⅰ→黄素蛋白→铁硫蛋白→泛醌→细胞色素", "D": "辅酶Ⅰ→泛醌→铁硫蛋白→黄素蛋白→细胞色素"}, "answer": "黄素蛋白→辅酶Ⅰ→铁硫蛋白→泛醌→细胞色素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是生物转化过程最重要的方式?(  )", "options": {"A": "使药物失效", "B": "使毒物的毒性降低", "C": "使某些药物药效更强或毒性增加", "D": "使非营养物质极性增强,利于排泄"}, "answer": "使非营养物质极性增强,利于排泄", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "Bishop宫颈成熟度评分得2分的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫口开大4cm", "B": "先露位置-2", "C": "宫颈管消退80%", "D": "宫颈中等硬度"}, "answer": "宫口开大4cm", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "谵妄状态最常见的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "意识混浊", "B": "恐怖性错觉、幻觉", "C": "坚定不移的妄想", "D": "思维中断"}, "answer": "意识混浊", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不符合SLE的血液系统改变的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血小板减少", "B": "白细胞减少", "C": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血", "D": "类白血病样改变"}, "answer": "类白血病样改变", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "影响肾排H+的主要因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "通过碳酸酐酶的作用,H+与重碳酸盐结合", "B": "H+与肾小管液中的NH3结合形成NH4+", "C": "H+与SO42-结合形成H2SO4而分泌出来", "D": "H+与醋酸盐结合"}, "answer": "H+与肾小管液中的NH3结合形成NH4+", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "钩端螺旋体病最常见的临床类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯型(流感伤寒型)", "B": "胸膜炎型", "C": "黄疸出血型", "D": "肾功能衰竭型"}, "answer": "单纯型(流感伤寒型)", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对脑和长骨发育最为重要的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生长素", "B": "性激素", "C": "甲状腺激素", "D": "促甲状腺激素"}, "answer": "甲状腺激素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "初产妇,29岁,孕35周,子痫前期,突然出现腹痛伴有阴道少量流血。血压100/70mmHg,子宫张力高,宫底剑突下2指,胎心不清。2.最佳处理为(  )。", "options": {"A": "期待治疗", "B": "阴道检查", "C": "剖宫产术", "D": "人工破膜"}, "answer": "剖宫产术", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "决定病毒传染性的主要因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "核酸", "B": "衣壳", "C": "刺突", "D": "子粒"}, "answer": "核酸", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "能增加左心室后负荷的临床情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压", "B": "房间隔缺损", "C": "主动脉瓣反流", "D": "室间隔缺损"}, "answer": "高血压", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肾病综合征患儿突然出现肉眼血尿伴腰痛,最可能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "并发泌尿系感染", "B": "肾功能衰竭", "C": "肾炎性肾病", "D": "并发肾静脉血栓"}, "answer": "并发肾静脉血栓", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,19岁,约2周前曾咳嗽、流涕,近3天感心悸。查体:心界不大,P2>A2。心率88次/min,可闻及频发期前收缩,心脏各瓣膜区未闻及杂音和附加音。心电图示:室性期前收缩,血清肌钙蛋白升高,该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "感染性心内膜炎", "B": "急性心肌梗死", "C": "急性心包炎", "D": "病毒性心肌炎"}, "answer": "病毒性心肌炎", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,30岁。活动后心悸、气短半年。查体:心尖部可闻及舒张期隆隆样杂音,该患者所患疾病最少出现的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心房颤动", "B": "感染性心内膜炎", "C": "心力衰竭", "D": "肺部感染"}, "answer": "感染性心内膜炎", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "用孕激素治疗闭经患者,停药后出现撤药性阴道流血,表示(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫内膜对雌激素不起反应", "B": "子宫内膜呈萎缩型", "C": "子宫内膜有结核病灶", "D": "子宫内膜已受雌激素影响"}, "answer": "子宫内膜已受雌激素影响", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "病人突然昏迷、抽搐、瞳孔缩小、皮肤湿冷、多汗、呼吸困难,应考虑下述哪一种疾病可能性大?(  )", "options": {"A": "CO中毒", "B": "中暑", "C": "阿托品中毒", "D": "有机磷农药中毒"}, "answer": "有机磷农药中毒", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "兴奋的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阈电位", "B": "动作电位", "C": "静息电位", "D": "反应"}, "answer": "动作电位", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,10个月,母乳喂养近1个月,面色渐苍白,不愿活动,食欲差。查体发现肝脏增大,于右肋下可触及3cm,心率124次/分,节律不整,心音尚有力。其肝大的原因最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心功能不全", "B": "正常现象", "C": "骨髓外造血", "D": "营养不良"}, "answer": "骨髓外造血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "动物实验显示,口服葡萄糖比静脉注射相同剂量葡萄糖引起的胰岛素分泌更多,这是因为口服可引起下列哪种具有很强的刺激胰岛素分泌的胃肠激素释放(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆囊收缩素", "B": "抑胃肽", "C": "促胃液素", "D": "胰高血糖素"}, "answer": "抑胃肽", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不适合接受心理治疗的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "焦虑症", "B": "恐惧症", "C": "精神分裂症急性发作", "D": "创伤后应激障碍"}, "answer": "精神分裂症急性发作", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,32岁,胫骨中1/3骨折,最容易发生的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨筋膜室综合征", "B": "腓总神经损伤", "C": "骨折延迟愈合", "D": "腘动静脉受压"}, "answer": "骨筋膜室综合征", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "属于必需氨基酸的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙氨酸", "B": "天冬氨酸", "C": "甲硫氨酸", "D": "谷氨酸"}, "answer": "甲硫氨酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,60岁,左面部发作性剧痛1年,疼痛自上颌部及左侧面颊部最明显,延至外眦下方,每次持续10余秒钟,洗脸、刷牙可诱发。查体:无神经系统体征。2.最需与该患者相鉴别的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "非典型面痛", "B": "症状性癫痫", "C": "舌咽神经痛", "D": "继发性三叉神经痛"}, "answer": "继发性三叉神经痛", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "利用健康高危人群的就医机会进行的针对性检查称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "健康体检", "B": "社会性体检", "C": "医疗性体检", "D": "机会性筛检"}, "answer": "机会性筛检", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对肠结核最有价值的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结肠镜检查示回盲部炎症", "B": "结肠镜下活检干酪样上皮样肉芽肿", "C": "结核菌素试验阳性", "D": "粪便中检查到结核杆菌"}, "answer": "结肠镜下活检干酪样上皮样肉芽肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,58岁。反复腹胀,尿少3年,加重伴双下肢水肿、腹围明显增加2周。乙型肝炎病史15年。腹部查体中不可能出现的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "移动性浊音阳性", "B": "尺压试验阳性", "C": "液波试验阳性", "D": "腹式呼吸减弱"}, "answer": "尺压试验阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪项不属于肉芽组织的功能?(  )", "options": {"A": "保护创面", "B": "抗感染", "C": "填补伤口", "D": "伤口收缩"}, "answer": "伤口收缩", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,22岁,因多关节疼痛2个月就诊,近1周出现双手指间关节及掌指关节肿胀,晨僵30min。血白细胞3.2×109/L,血小板83×109/L;24小时尿蛋白定量1.9g;血沉48mm/h;血抗核抗体阳性;补体C3轻度下降。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "类风湿关节炎", "B": "骨关节炎", "C": "系统性红斑狼疮", "D": "原发性干燥综合征"}, "answer": "类风湿关节炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "血管外溶血时,红细胞破坏的主要场所是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脾", "B": "肝", "C": "肾", "D": "骨髓"}, "answer": "脾", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,64岁。2型糖尿病10年,口服降糖药治疗,近两个月出现头昏、视物模糊。查体:BP 170/100mmHg,双肺呼吸音清晰,心界不大,肝脾未触及,双下肢水肿,空腹血糖9.6mmol/L,餐后血糖14.2mmol/L,血肌酐96μmol/L,尿蛋白定量0.7g/d。目前应诊断为糖尿病肾病(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅳ期", "B": "Ⅴ期", "C": "Ⅱ期", "D": "Ⅲ期"}, "answer": "Ⅳ期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.在意识清晰情况下出现全面智能减退是(  )。", "options": {"A": "影响妄想", "B": "强制性思维", "C": "痴呆", "D": "关系妄想"}, "answer": "痴呆", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.磷酸戊糖途径的限速酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "磷酸葡萄糖异构酶", "B": "6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶", "C": "己糖激酶", "D": "丙酮酸羧化酶"}, "answer": "6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "属于肿瘤特异性抗原的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癌胚抗原(CEA)", "B": "胚性硫糖蛋白(FSA)", "C": "异型胎儿蛋白", "D": "甲基胆蒽诱发的肉瘤抗原"}, "answer": "甲基胆蒽诱发的肉瘤抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "42岁,男性,平素多食,肥胖,2次尿糖阳性,空腹血糖5.4mmol/L,饭后2小时血糖7.6mmol/L,可诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "应激性糖尿", "B": "肾性糖尿", "C": "肿瘤性糖尿", "D": "甲亢致糖尿"}, "answer": "肾性糖尿", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肝癌淋巴结转移最多的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动脉旁淋巴结", "B": "胃旁淋巴结", "C": "肝门淋巴结", "D": "锁骨上淋巴结"}, "answer": "肝门淋巴结", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "成人,体重60kg,烧伤,于下午4时入急诊室。查体:意识清,能合作,心率100次/分,血压120/84mmHg,面部、胸、腹部,两前臂、两手及两小腿和足部Ⅱ、Ⅲ度烧伤。下午5时开始静脉输液,6时入手术室、清创,晚上8时送病房。2.输液计划起始时间应计为(  )。", "options": {"A": "下午5时", "B": "下午4时", "C": "下午2时", "D": "下午6时"}, "answer": "下午4时", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "骨肉瘤X线片可见病变(  )。", "options": {"A": "短管状骨多见", "B": "发生于骨端", "C": "可见“日光照射”现象", "D": "可为膨胀性生长"}, "answer": "可见“日光照射”现象", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.1岁以下正常婴儿可能出现的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "分离性感觉障碍", "B": "Babinski征阳性", "C": "共济失调", "D": "屈颈试验阳性"}, "answer": "Babinski征阳性", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.上述病原体中,可以产生血浆凝固酶(+)的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎克雷伯杆菌", "B": "大肠埃希菌", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "D": "流感嗜血杆菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,45岁,肥胖多年,口渴5个月,尿糖(+),空腹血糖7.9mmol/L,饭后2小时血糖12.1mmol/L。2.本病人应首选下列哪种药物或治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "双胍类降糖药", "B": "胰岛素", "C": "饮食治疗+双胍类降糖药", "D": "运动疗法"}, "answer": "饮食治疗+双胍类降糖药", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女婴,胎龄256天,生后第二天,家长见他每隔15~20秒后有5~8秒“不呼吸”,但无皮肤颜色及心率改变。应做何处理?(  )", "options": {"A": "供氧", "B": "给咖啡因", "C": "向家长解释", "D": "持续气道正压"}, "answer": "向家长解释", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.等渗性缺水(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肠梗阻", "B": "感染性休克", "C": "慢性十二指肠瘘", "D": "急性肾功能衰竭"}, "answer": "急性肠梗阻", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "移植类型包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "自体移植", "B": "同种异基因移植", "C": "异种移植", "D": "以上全包括"}, "answer": "以上全包括", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "神经衰弱的核心症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "思维迟钝", "B": "无愉快感", "C": "精神易兴奋", "D": "精神易疲劳"}, "answer": "精神易疲劳", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女婴,1岁半,因头颅大,未出牙,前囟未闭来院门诊。生后人工喂养,间断服用钙剂和维生素D,用不详。体检:精神可,易哭,体重11kg,前囟2cm×2cm,方颅,头围48cm,胸部有肋骨串珠,心肺(一),双腕部呈手镯状。X线长骨示:骨骺软骨带明显增宽,干骺端呈杯口状,毛刷样改变。该患儿诊断应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "软骨营养不良", "B": "脑积水", "C": "克汀病", "D": "佝偻病激期"}, "answer": "佝偻病激期", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "原发性醛固酮增多症患者出现肌无力的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血钠潴留过多", "B": "持久尿量过多", "C": "尿钾排出增多", "D": "血钾浓度降低"}, "answer": "血钾浓度降低", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,40岁。确诊为急性胰腺炎,内科正规治疗2周后体温仍在38℃~39℃,左上腹部压痛明显。血淀粉酶256U/L,血WBC 16×109/L。可能性最大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "败血症", "B": "病情迁延未愈", "C": "合并急性胆囊炎", "D": "并发胰腺脓肿"}, "answer": "并发胰腺脓肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女婴,8个月。母乳喂养,未添加辅食。查体:面色苍白,肝脾肿大。外周血象:Hb 75g/L, RBC 3.5×1012/L,MCV 70fl,MCH 26pg,MCHC 30%。其贫血的细胞形态是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯小细胞性", "B": "大细胞性", "C": "小细胞低色素性", "D": "正细胞正色素性"}, "answer": "小细胞低色素性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.大细胞性贫血细胞形态的改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "MCV>94fl、MCH>32pg、MCHC35%", "B": "MCV<80fl、MCH<28pg、MCHC35%", "C": "MCV<80fl、MCH<28pg、MCHC<32%", "D": "MCV<80fl、MCH30pg、MCHC>32%"}, "answer": "MCV>94fl、MCH>32pg、MCHC35%", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "病毒在宿主细胞内的复制周期包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸附和穿入、脱壳、生物合成、组装、成熟与释放", "B": "吸附和脱壳、生物合成、成熟与释放", "C": "吸附和结合、穿入、生物合成、成熟与释放", "D": "特异性结合、脱壳、复制、组装与释放"}, "answer": "吸附和穿入、脱壳、生物合成、组装、成熟与释放", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,41岁。3年来经常夜间上腹不适,2日前进油腻食物,突然右上腹部阵发性绞痛伴恶心,入院时体温38℃,巩膜轻度黄染,有上腹肌紧张,压痛明显,肠鸣音弱,WBC 16×109/L,血清淀粉酶为128温氏单位。应首先考虑诊断的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性阑尾炎", "B": "急性胰腺炎", "C": "急性化脓性胆囊炎", "D": "胆道蛔虫症"}, "answer": "急性化脓性胆囊炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3岁小儿的收缩压为(  )。", "options": {"A": "85mmHg", "B": "88mmHg", "C": "86mmHg", "D": "87mmHg"}, "answer": "86mmHg", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.WHO推荐的第一线抗生素,治疗肺炎的首选药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯霉素", "B": "庆大霉素", "C": "青霉素", "D": "头孢氨苄"}, "answer": "青霉素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "α螺旋每上升一圈相当于氨基酸残基的个数是(  )。", "options": {"A": "4.5", "B": "3.6", "C": "3.0", "D": "2.5"}, "answer": "3.6", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "跌倒,手掌撑地,肩外展外旋,出现肩痛,肿胀,活动受限,查体Dugas征阳性。该病人肩部的畸形是(  )。", "options": {"A": "屈曲外展,外旋", "B": "方肩", "C": "肩过度后伸", "D": "肩过度膨隆"}, "answer": "方肩", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "癫痫持续状态首选的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯妥英钠", "B": "地西泮", "C": "水合氯醛", "D": "苯巴比妥钠"}, "answer": "地西泮", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于重症急性盆腔炎的处理,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "放置宫内节育器者,应立即取出", "B": "抗生素应用宜广谱、及时、个体化", "C": "怀疑盆腔脓肿破裂者,不宜马上手术", "D": "保持平卧位"}, "answer": "抗生素应用宜广谱、及时、个体化", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者进食困难,右侧咀嚼肌力弱,张口时,下颌偏向右侧,病损位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "三叉神经脊束核", "B": "三叉神经运动核", "C": "三叉神经中脑核", "D": "右面神经核"}, "answer": "三叉神经运动核", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.结核病(  )。", "options": {"A": "属Ⅰ型超敏反应性疾病", "B": "属Ⅲ型超敏反应性疾病", "C": "属Ⅳ型超敏反应性疾病", "D": "不属于超敏反应性疾病"}, "answer": "属Ⅳ型超敏反应性疾病", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "用酒精给高热病人擦浴的散热方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蒸发散热", "B": "不感蒸发散热", "C": "传导散热", "D": "对流散热"}, "answer": "蒸发散热", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,重体力劳动工人,腰腿痛,并向左下肢放散,咳嗽,喷嚏时加重。检查腰部活动明显受限,并向左倾斜,直腿抬高试验阳性。病程中无低热、盗汗、消瘦症状。3.如病史2年,并逐年加重,已严重影响生活及工作,且出现尿便障碍。其治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "理疗", "B": "按摩", "C": "牵引", "D": "手术"}, "answer": "手术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.体内可转变成为胆色素的原料是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆汁", "B": "胆红素", "C": "血红素", "D": "胆绿素"}, "answer": "血红素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下丘脑神经细胞产生的调节肽其作用是通过(  )。", "options": {"A": "下丘脑—垂体束运送到腺垂体", "B": "垂体门脉运送到腺垂体", "C": "垂体门脉运送到神经垂体", "D": "垂体门脉运送到视上核与室旁核"}, "answer": "垂体门脉运送到腺垂体", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.突发右上眼睑下垂1小时,头颅CT右侧侧裂池高密度影,最可能诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑梗死", "B": "蛛网膜下隙出血", "C": "短暂性脑缺血", "D": "脑肿瘤"}, "answer": "蛛网膜下隙出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,51岁,胸骨后剧烈疼痛4小时,伴大汗淋漓,血压80/40mmHg,心率134次/分,面色苍白,四肢发冷,心电图提示广泛心肌梗死。3.该患者最理想有效的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛花苷C强心", "B": "尿激酶溶栓", "C": "主动脉内球囊反搏", "D": "直接PTCA术"}, "answer": "直接PTCA术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某大型企业计划在自然疫源地兴建旅游建设项目,在征询意见时,有专家提醒,根据《传染病防治法》规定,应当事先由法定单位对该项目施工环境进行卫生调查。该法定单位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "省级以上旅游主管部门", "B": "省级以上疾病预防控制机构", "C": "省级以上环境保护主管部门", "D": "省级以上环境监测评价机构"}, "answer": "省级以上疾病预防控制机构", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女孩,4岁,因高热2h,惊厥2次,无吐泻,于8月12日来院急诊。发病前曾去公园玩,吃过苹果、葡萄。体检:体温40.2℃,重病容,神志欠清,面色青灰,四肢凉,血压56/30mmHg(7.5/4kPa)。3.若该患儿在住院治疗中,出现呕吐、头痛、反复惊厥,首要的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "扩充血容量", "B": "吸氧", "C": "糖皮质激素", "D": "降温止惊"}, "answer": "降温止惊", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,59岁。因患乳腺瘤在硬膜外麻醉下行根治术,出血较多,即输“AB”型红细胞悬液2个单位,当输入20ml左右时出现畏寒、胸闷,胸背疼痛,呼吸急促,脉搏加速,血压下降,立即停止输血,经处理1小时体温升至39℃,排尿一次,呈浓茶样,量少。最可能的输血不良反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "非溶血性发热性输血反应", "B": "即发性的溶血性输液反应", "C": "细菌污染反应", "D": "过敏反应"}, "answer": "即发性的溶血性输液反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "溶血性链球菌感染常引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "假膜性炎", "B": "浆液性炎", "C": "出血性炎", "D": "蜂窝织炎"}, "answer": "蜂窝织炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "治疗烧伤休克的主要措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "补液", "B": "吸氧", "C": "抗感染", "D": "正确处理创面"}, "answer": "补液", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.尺神经损(  )。", "options": {"A": "垂腕、垂指畸形", "B": "爪形手畸形", "C": "锅铲畸形", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "爪形手畸形", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5.缺铁性贫血服用铁剂治疗2~3周后(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞内含铁酶开始恢复", "B": "网织红细胞开始上升", "C": "血红蛋白达到正常", "D": "网织红细胞降至正常"}, "answer": "网织红细胞降至正常", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,65岁。常规体检发现脾左肋下5cm。化验:Hb 135g/L,WBC 117×109/L,分类中幼粒细胞5%,晚幼粒细胞12%,杆状核细胞22%,分叶中性粒细胞34%,嗜酸性粒细胞5%,嗜碱性粒细胞14%,淋巴细胞14%,PLT 560×109/L,NAP(-)。2.进一步应采取的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓干细胞培养", "B": "染色体核型", "C": "食管造影", "D": "骨髓活检"}, "answer": "染色体核型", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.结肠癌病灶穿透肠壁,无淋巴结转移的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "DukesA2期", "B": "DukesB期", "C": "DukesC期", "D": "DukesD期"}, "answer": "DukesB期", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "Graves病中,最明显的体液免疫特征是在病人血清中可检出(  )。", "options": {"A": "TSH受体抗体(TRAb)", "B": "甲状腺生长免疫球蛋白(TGI)", "C": "TSH结合抑制免疫球蛋白(TBII)", "D": "甲状腺刺激性抗体(TSAb)"}, "answer": "TSH受体抗体(TRAb)", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "杀菌性抗结核药为(  )。", "options": {"A": "异烟肼,利福平,乙胺丁醇", "B": "异烟肼,链霉素,乙胺丁醇", "C": "异烟肼,链霉素,吡嗪酰胺", "D": "异烟肼,利福平,乙硫异烟胺"}, "answer": "异烟肼,链霉素,吡嗪酰胺", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.纤维组织细胞瘤可出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "印戒细胞", "B": "透明细胞", "C": "组织细胞", "D": "嗜银细胞"}, "answer": "组织细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "溃疡性结肠炎的好发部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "空肠和回肠", "B": "直肠和乙状结肠", "C": "横结肠", "D": "阑尾"}, "answer": "直肠和乙状结肠", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项胆囊结石在行X线腹部平片检查时常显影?(  )", "options": {"A": "胆色素结石", "B": "混合性结石", "C": "泥沙样结石", "D": "黑结石"}, "answer": "混合性结石", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.氮氧化物与挥发性有机物在日光下生成的二次污染是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硝酸盐", "B": "水体富营养化", "C": "甲基汞", "D": "光化学烟雾"}, "answer": "光化学烟雾", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,35岁。发现蛋白尿、镜下血尿3年。血压升高1个月,BP 160/100mmHg,尿RBC 30~35/HP。尿蛋白1.8g/d,血Cr 130μmol/L,BUN 8.2mmol/L。该患者首选的降压药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "β受体阻滞剂", "B": "利尿剂", "C": "α受体阻滞剂", "D": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂"}, "answer": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "室性心动过速伴严重血流动力学障碍时,终止发作的首选方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "利多卡因", "B": "人工起搏超速抑制", "C": "同步电复律", "D": "胺碘酮"}, "answer": "同步电复律", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "初产妇,临产10小时。肛查:宫口已开全,先露为头,S+4。此时产力组成是下列哪一种情况?(  )", "options": {"A": "子宫收缩力", "B": "子宫收缩力+膈肌收缩力", "C": "子宫收缩力+腹肌收缩力", "D": "子宫收缩力+腹肌收缩力+膈肌收缩力+肛提肌收缩力"}, "answer": "子宫收缩力+腹肌收缩力+膈肌收缩力+肛提肌收缩力", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "加压素合成于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺", "B": "腺垂体", "C": "神经垂体", "D": "下丘脑视上核"}, "answer": "下丘脑视上核", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列各项均符合矽肺病变,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "矽结节是肺巨噬细胞聚积形成", "B": "矽结节不是一种肉芽肿病变", "C": "矽结节融合成团块,继而可在中央形成空洞", "D": "可形成弥漫性间质纤维化"}, "answer": "矽结节不是一种肉芽肿病变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "A型标准血清与B型血液混合时可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞叠连", "B": "红细胞凝集", "C": "血液凝固", "D": "红细胞收缩"}, "answer": "红细胞凝集", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于烧伤早期补液,下列叙述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "烧伤后第一个8小时应输入总量的1/3", "B": "胶体液首选是代血浆", "C": "基础水分量是5%葡萄糖3000ml", "D": "晶体液和胶体液的比例是2:1,广泛深度1:1"}, "answer": "晶体液和胶体液的比例是2:1,广泛深度1:1", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.上述哪项是体内可转变成为胆色素的原料?(  )", "options": {"A": "胆汁", "B": "血红素", "C": "胆固醇", "D": "胆绿素"}, "answer": "血红素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于前臂双骨折的治疗,下列说法哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "应注意防止畸形和旋转", "B": "先复位稳定的骨折,再复位不稳定的骨折", "C": "术后2周开始手指屈伸和前臂旋转", "D": "发生在中段的骨折,一般先复位尺骨"}, "answer": "术后2周开始手指屈伸和前臂旋转", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "临产第2产程的标志是(  )。", "options": {"A": "外阴膨隆", "B": "胎头拨露", "C": "胎头着冠", "D": "宫口开全10cm"}, "answer": "宫口开全10cm", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,70岁。健康体检时B超发现胆囊内有一约0.8cm直径结石,随体位活动,口服法胆囊造影,充盈缺损不明显。既往无胃病史,无胆囊炎发作史,无心脏病、糖尿病史。目前的治疗建议是(  )。", "options": {"A": "观察、随诊", "B": "溶石疗法", "C": "择期行胆囊切除术", "D": "择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术"}, "answer": "观察、随诊", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某患者于1月3日起发病,3d来发热,恶心,呕吐,食欲减退,头痛,四肢酸痛,腰痛。查体:重病容,球结膜充血,无水肿,咽充血,腋下可见点状抓痕样出血点,肝脾未及。血常规检查:WBC12×109/L,N0.72,L0.28可见异型淋巴细胞。尿常规:尿蛋白(+++),RBC2~5个/Hp,诊断首先考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "败血症", "B": "流行性出血热", "C": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "D": "结核性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.腹股沟直疝(  )。", "options": {"A": "疝环位于腹壁下动脉的内侧", "B": "疝环位于腹壁下动脉的外侧", "C": "疝内容物为多个肠袢", "D": "疝囊位于股管内"}, "answer": "疝环位于腹壁下动脉的内侧", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "最易引起胎儿畸形的病毒是(  )。", "options": {"A": "流感病毒", "B": "风疹病毒", "C": "轮状病毒", "D": "麻疹病毒"}, "answer": "风疹病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.荨麻疹(  )。", "options": {"A": "超敏反应病", "B": "免疫缺陷病", "C": "自身免疫病", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "超敏反应病", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.失神发作首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯妥英钠", "B": "卡马西平", "C": "乙琥胺", "D": "地西泮"}, "answer": "乙琥胺", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "最常见的女性不孕因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫体因素", "B": "阴道因素", "C": "输卵管因素", "D": "宫颈因素"}, "answer": "输卵管因素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.上叙哪项是防止胆固醇析出形成胆道结石的重要原因(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆汁酸盐和磷脂酰胆碱", "B": "17-羟胆固醇和17-酮胆固醇", "C": "胆汁酸和维生素D", "D": "胆汁酸"}, "answer": "胆汁酸盐和磷脂酰胆碱", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "剧烈呕吐后出现呕血的情况强烈提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "食管胃底静脉曲张破裂", "B": "食管贲门黏膜撕裂综合征", "C": "贲门癌", "D": "食管癌"}, "answer": "食管贲门黏膜撕裂综合征", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在HE染色切片中,见癌细胞弥漫浸润于胃黏膜下层及肌层,有大量淡蓝色均质无结构物质,其中有小堆癌细胞,部分癌细胞核偏于一侧,胞浆内同样见上述蓝染物质。该切片的诊断应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "髓样癌", "B": "腺癌", "C": "腺鳞癌", "D": "黏液腺癌"}, "answer": "黏液腺癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "8岁患儿,水肿、少尿4d,近1d来诉头痛、头晕、呕吐并抽搐1次,查体:体温37.3℃,血压170/120mmHg,血BUN 78mmol/L,尿常规示:蛋白(++),红细胞>100/HP,白细胞30个/HP,该患儿准确的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急进性肾炎", "B": "肾炎性肾病,高血压脑病", "C": "急性肾炎,高血压脑病", "D": "急性肾炎,颅内出血"}, "answer": "急性肾炎,高血压脑病", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,25岁,妊娠37周,G1P0,因羊膜破裂入院待产。既往身体健康,无传染病及遗传性疾病史,分娩过程顺利,产一男婴,7斤重。分娩后突然出现呼吸困难、发绀、抽搐、休克死亡。最可能发生的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血栓形成", "B": "空气栓塞", "C": "心肌梗死", "D": "羊水栓塞"}, "answer": "羊水栓塞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肺心病慢性呼吸衰竭患者,血气分析结果:pH 7.188,PaCO2 75mmHg,PaO2 50mmHg,HCO3- 27.6mmol/L,BE 5mmol/L,其酸碱失衡类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "代谢性酸中毒", "B": "呼吸性酸中毒", "C": "呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性酸中毒", "D": "代谢性碱中毒"}, "answer": "呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性酸中毒", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.急性普通型肝炎的病理特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝细胞点灶状坏死", "B": "肝细胞碎片状坏死", "C": "肝细胞桥接坏死", "D": "肝细胞大片坏死"}, "answer": "肝细胞点灶状坏死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,65岁,高血压史5年,2小时前在劳动时突发剧烈头痛,检查:血压为180/105mmHg,神志清,右上、下肢肌力2级,右侧痛觉明显减退。入院后很快昏迷,瞳孔左>右,左侧瞳孔对光反射消失,颈强直,右侧肢瘫,右侧Babinski征(+),左侧Gordon征(+)1.经检查明确了脑出血诊断,依据其临床表现,其病损部位最可能在(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑室", "B": "左侧项叶", "C": "左侧基底节区", "D": "脑桥"}, "answer": "左侧基底节区", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肺实变时触诊可出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "气管偏向健侧,语音震颤减弱", "B": "气管偏向健侧,语音震颤增强", "C": "气管偏向患侧,语音震颤减弱", "D": "气管居中,语音震颤增强"}, "answer": "气管居中,语音震颤增强", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.在外源性抗原的提呈中发挥重要作用的分子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD4和MHCⅡ类分子结合", "B": "CD8和MHCⅠ类分子结合", "C": "CD28和CD80结合", "D": "CD40和CD40L结合"}, "answer": "CD4和MHCⅡ类分子结合", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.受吊销医师执业证书行政处罚,自处罚之日起不满2年的(  )。", "options": {"A": "从事医师执业活动", "B": "中止医师执业活动", "C": "申请执业医师注册", "D": "不予医师执业注册"}, "answer": "不予医师执业注册", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,56岁,糖尿病患者,用胰岛素治疗,晚10时突起心慌,多汗,软弱,继而神志不清,查脉搏120次/分,尿糖(-),尿酮(-),血尿素氮10.0mmol/L,最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "低血糖昏迷", "B": "高渗性昏迷", "C": "脑血管意外", "D": "尿毒症昏迷"}, "answer": "低血糖昏迷", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一般问题解决模式包含发现问题、分析问题、提出假设、实践和检验假设几个要素,心理治疗过程中哪个阶段相当于提出假设?(  )", "options": {"A": "治疗行动阶段", "B": "分析认识阶段", "C": "结束巩固阶段", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "分析认识阶段", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胫腓骨中1/3骨折患者,手法复位后,有10°左右向前成角移位,用长腿石膏管型固定,4个月骨折愈合拆除石膏后,发现膝关节功能障碍,这是因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "关节强直", "B": "关节僵硬", "C": "肌肉萎缩", "D": "骨折复位不理想"}, "answer": "关节僵硬", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "左心衰竭患者合并右心衰竭后,可能减轻左心衰竭时的临床症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "恶心", "B": "喘憋", "C": "肝肿大", "D": "下肢水肿"}, "answer": "喘憋", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不属于转录后修饰的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "5’端加帽子结构", "B": "内含子切除", "C": "甲基化", "D": "外显子切除"}, "answer": "外显子切除", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "决定输血治疗前,经治医师应向患者或其家属说明什么?(  )", "options": {"A": "血液传播性疾病的治疗", "B": "输同种异体血的不良反应和经血传播疾病的可能性", "C": "血液传播性疾病的症状", "D": "血液的采集与保存"}, "answer": "输同种异体血的不良反应和经血传播疾病的可能性", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "骨盆骨折特有的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "疼痛广泛,坐位或行走时加重", "B": "局部肿胀、瘀斑、压痛显著", "C": "骨盆挤压、分离试验阳性", "D": "患侧髂后上嵴较健侧高"}, "answer": "骨盆挤压、分离试验阳性", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女孩10岁,发热2周,苍白,多汗,心悸.双膝关节痛肿,第一心音低钝,ASO增高,ESR增快。3.该患儿出院后预防性用药应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "长效青霉素", "B": "氯霉素", "C": "心律平", "D": "强的松"}, "answer": "长效青霉素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,55岁。胆囊结石7年,曾胆绞痛发作4次,B超示胆囊结石6枚,直径1~2cm,首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆囊切除", "B": "溶石治疗", "C": "抗感染治疗", "D": "胆囊造口"}, "answer": "胆囊切除", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "6.输血反应(  )。", "options": {"A": "属I型超敏反应性疾病", "B": "属Ⅱ型超敏反应性疾病", "C": "属Ⅳ型超敏反应性疾病", "D": "不属于超敏反应性疾病"}, "answer": "属Ⅱ型超敏反应性疾病", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.细菌性痢疾的肠溃疡特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溃疡呈环形与肠的长轴垂直", "B": "溃疡呈长椭圆形与肠的长轴平行", "C": "溃疡边缘呈堤状隆起", "D": "溃疡表浅呈地图状"}, "answer": "溃疡表浅呈地图状", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "神经末梢是通过什么方式释放递质乙酰胆碱?(  )", "options": {"A": "主动转运", "B": "易化扩散", "C": "单纯扩散", "D": "出胞作用"}, "answer": "出胞作用", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在妊娠期间子宫肌瘤容易发生的变性是(  )。", "options": {"A": "玻璃样变", "B": "囊性变", "C": "红色变", "D": "肉瘤变"}, "answer": "红色变", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.属于Ⅲ型超敏反应的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管哮喘", "B": "血清病", "C": "药物过敏性休克", "D": "接触性皮炎"}, "answer": "血清病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女童,体重比同龄正常儿童低30%,皮下脂肪厚0.5cm,同时伴有皮肤干燥、肌张力减低,应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "营养不良重度", "B": "营养不良中度", "C": "营养不良轻度", "D": "属正常儿童范畴"}, "answer": "营养不良中度", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.最易与输卵管妊娠破裂相混淆的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性阑尾炎", "B": "输卵管卵巢囊肿", "C": "卵巢黄体破裂", "D": "子宫穿孔"}, "answer": "卵巢黄体破裂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩,6岁。头痛、呕吐,站立不稳、行走左右摇晃2个月。查体:神志清楚,精神差,双侧视乳头水肿。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "顶叶恶性淋巴瘤", "B": "枕叶星形细胞瘤", "C": "小脑髓母细胞瘤", "D": "颞叶胶质母细胞瘤"}, "answer": "小脑髓母细胞瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,56岁,皮下结节两年,1个月来癫痫发作频繁。查体:躯干、四肢、头皮下可触及多个0.5~1cm大小的圆形结节,无触痛,与周围有粘连。2.进一步必作的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头颅CT或MRI", "B": "腰穿", "C": "胸部X线", "D": "脑血管造影"}, "answer": "头颅CT或MRI", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "经产妇,26岁。妊娠37周,晨起发现阴道流血,无明显腹痛,检查有宫缩,查体子宫大小大于孕周数,胎心存在。2.对确诊最有价值的检查结果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "贫血程度与阴道流血量不相符", "B": "伴休克", "C": "宫颈管消失", "D": "胎位不正"}, "answer": "贫血程度与阴道流血量不相符", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,34岁。哮喘患者。平时规律使用吸入激素,偶有需要使用短效β受体激动剂治疗,症状控制较满意。近来过敏性鼻炎发作,喘息症状出现波动。此时为加强抗炎效果,宜首先选择的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "茶碱缓释片", "B": "长效β2受体激动剂", "C": "白三烯受体调节剂", "D": "H1受体拮抗剂"}, "answer": "白三烯受体调节剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不完全抗原(半抗原)(  )。", "options": {"A": "只有免疫反应性,而无免疫原性", "B": "只有免疫原性,而无免疫反应性", "C": "既无免疫原性,又无免疫反应性", "D": "与抗原决定簇具有相似的含义"}, "answer": "只有免疫反应性,而无免疫原性", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,29岁,分娩时大出血,出现淡漠、呆滞、话少、思维迟钝、活动减少,闭经,乳房萎缩,阴毛、腋毛脱落,诊断为席汉病(Sheehandisease)。1.该患者的精神障碍属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺皮质功能亢进所致精神障碍", "B": "腺垂体功能减退所致精神障碍", "C": "肾上腺皮质功能减退所致精神障碍", "D": "甲状腺功能减退所致精神障碍"}, "answer": "腺垂体功能减退所致精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,45岁。发作性呼吸困难5年,再发3天,伴咳喘、咳白色泡沫痰,无咯血、发热,有甲状腺功能亢进症病史1年。查体:BP 135/90mmHg,呼吸延长,双肺可闻及哮鸣音。发生呼吸困难最可能的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大支气管狭窄", "B": "大支气管梗阻", "C": "呼吸面积减少", "D": "肺泡张力增高"}, "answer": "大支气管狭窄", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.患者,3岁,上午开始流涕、发热,体温最高38.2℃,在家服用小儿退热药及双黄连口服液,吃晚饭时发现患儿面部有皮疹。查体:精神状态良好,耳后、枕部触及黄豆及花生大小淋巴结,有触痛,面、颈及躯干有红色斑丘疹(  )。", "options": {"A": "风疹", "B": "麻疹", "C": "猩红热", "D": "荨麻疹"}, "answer": "风疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "伤寒宜选(  )。", "options": {"A": "多西环素", "B": "氯霉素", "C": "氨苄西林", "D": "吉他霉素"}, "answer": "氯霉素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "早期中心型肺癌的常见症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上肢及颜面部肿胀", "B": "声音嘶哑", "C": "高热、胸痛", "D": "咳嗽、血痰"}, "answer": "咳嗽、血痰", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,25岁。低热、腹痛2个月,尿少、腹围增加1周,查体:腹部弥漫压痛(+),揉面感,移动性浊音阳性。2.如考虑腹腔结核感染,对于确诊最有意义的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "造影", "B": "腹水结核杆菌培养", "C": "胸腹部CT", "D": "PPD试验"}, "answer": "腹水结核杆菌培养", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "正常人每日的尿蛋白总量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "0mg", "B": "<150mg", "C": "<200mg", "D": "<250mg"}, "answer": "<150mg", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于肿瘤特异性抗原的描述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肿瘤特异性抗原是肿瘤细胞特有的", "B": "肿瘤特异性抗原也可存在于正常细胞", "C": "肿瘤特异性诱导的主要是T细胞免疫", "D": "一般是通过动物肿瘤移植排斥试验证实"}, "answer": "肿瘤特异性抗原也可存在于正常细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列疾病可表现为肠鸣音活跃的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上消化道出血", "B": "肠系膜上动脉栓塞", "C": "麻痹性肠梗阻", "D": "上消化道穿孔"}, "answer": "上消化道出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于献血者的健康的描述不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "健康体检费用可以报销而不用个人承担", "B": "身体状况不符合献血条件的不得采集血液", "C": "献血者身体健康条件由国务院卫生行政部门规定", "D": "血站对采集的血液必须进行检测"}, "answer": "健康体检费用可以报销而不用个人承担", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,56岁。饮酒20年,进行性吞咽困难5个月,体重下降5kg,查体无阳性所见。1.对该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "食管平滑肌瘤", "B": "食管癌", "C": "食管狭窄", "D": "结肠癌"}, "answer": "食管癌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项描述不符合大叶性肺炎?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺泡腔内纤维素可被机化", "B": "肺泡壁充血腔内有渗出液", "C": "肺泡壁结构破坏", "D": "肺泡腔内大量红细胞及白细胞"}, "answer": "肺泡壁结构破坏", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,35岁。阵发性心悸3年。发作时心电图示:心室率190次/min,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF可见逆行P波,QRS波群形态与时限正常。为防止该患者复发首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "射频消融术", "B": "美托洛尔", "C": "地高辛", "D": "普罗帕酮"}, "answer": "射频消融术", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪项是慢性胃溃疡最常见的病变部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "胃后壁", "B": "胃前壁", "C": "胃小弯近幽门窦部", "D": "胃大弯近幽门部"}, "answer": "胃小弯近幽门窦部", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.主张自我实现是人格形成的主要动力(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分析理论", "B": "人本主义理论", "C": "社会学习理论", "D": "人格特质理论"}, "answer": "人本主义理论", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "条件反射是通过认识过程中哪个部分所获得的?(  )", "options": {"A": "学习", "B": "思维", "C": "感觉", "D": "知觉"}, "answer": "学习", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列关于保密的说法中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对他人和社会有害的医疗秘密不属于保密的范围", "B": "只有在病人提出保密的要求的情况下,医师应为患者的病史等保密", "C": "它是医学伦理学中最有生命力的医德范畴", "D": "它是医学伦理学中最古老的医德范畴"}, "answer": "只有在病人提出保密的要求的情况下,医师应为患者的病史等保密", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.细胞间相互作用缺乏活化第二信号,可导致淋巴细胞出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "克隆消除", "B": "克隆无能", "C": "耐受分离", "D": "高带耐受"}, "answer": "克隆无能", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪一项与B细胞免疫耐受的发生无关(  )。", "options": {"A": "缺乏辅助性T细胞的辅助", "B": "成熟B细胞接触抗原后,发生凋亡而被清除", "C": "成熟B细胞接触抗原后,将抗原内化清除,而不能激发免疫应答", "D": "成熟B细胞接触抗原后被清除"}, "answer": "成熟B细胞接触抗原后,将抗原内化清除,而不能激发免疫应答", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医师在执业活动中有权出具的医学证明文件应当是(  )。", "options": {"A": "在注册的执业范围内", "B": "患者实事求是地提出要求的范围内", "C": "在医疗范围内", "D": "在所在医疗机构的服务范围内"}, "answer": "在注册的执业范围内", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.风湿性心内膜炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "疣状心内膜炎", "B": "心瓣膜穿孔", "C": "心内膜心肌纤维化", "D": "左室前壁心肌梗死"}, "answer": "疣状心内膜炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,27岁,尿频、尿急、尿痛1年,一般抗炎治疗不好转,时有低热无力,尿检:白细胞20~30/HP,红细胞5~8/HP,肾图:右肾功能严重受损,左肾积水。初诊为肾结核,为确诊应作哪项检查意义最大?(  )", "options": {"A": "IVU", "B": "B超", "C": "CT", "D": "血常规"}, "answer": "IVU", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医疗事故处理条例中的疾病不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "严重遗传性疾病", "B": "精神分裂症", "C": "艾滋病", "D": "职业病"}, "answer": "严重遗传性疾病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "能导致肾小球滤过率减少的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血浆胶体渗透压下降", "B": "血浆胶体渗透压升高", "C": "血浆晶体渗透压下降", "D": "肾小球毛细血管血压升高"}, "answer": "血浆胶体渗透压升高", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,28岁,持续发热17天,伴纳差,腹泻。脉搏80 次/分,肝肋下2cm。血象:白细胞5×109/L,中性粒细胞0.7。肥达反应“0”1:160。“H”1:320,“A”1:80,“B”1:40。6个月前有血吸虫疫水接触史,最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性血吸虫病", "B": "慢性血吸虫病", "C": "伤寒合并血吸虫病", "D": "副伤寒甲"}, "answer": "伤寒合并血吸虫病", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "糖的有氧氧化途径不包括下列哪一项?(  )", "options": {"A": "糖分解成丙酮酸", "B": "丙酮酸还原成乳酸", "C": "三羧酸循环", "D": "氧化磷酸化"}, "answer": "丙酮酸还原成乳酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,25岁。上腹痛、腹胀4个月。3周前上消化道X线钡剂造影未见异常。口服法莫替丁20mg,每日2次,1周后上腹痛缓解,仍觉餐后上腹胀。目前最适宜的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硫酸铝", "B": "多潘立酮", "C": "铝硫酸镁", "D": "氢氧化铝"}, "answer": "多潘立酮", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胰头癌最常见的病理类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "导管细胞腺癌", "B": "乳头状癌", "C": "腺泡细胞癌", "D": "未分化癌"}, "answer": "导管细胞腺癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.肉芽组织取代坏死组织、血栓以及渗出物的过程称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "化生", "B": "机化", "C": "分化", "D": "增生"}, "answer": "机化", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新生儿寒冷损伤综合征的皮肤硬肿最早出现在(  )。", "options": {"A": "小腿", "B": "大腿", "C": "躯干", "D": "臀部"}, "answer": "小腿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.确定有无颅骨骨折(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线颅片", "B": "脑电图", "C": "CT", "D": "MRI"}, "answer": "X线颅片", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,26岁,施工时因塌方受伤,被同事从土堆中救出后送入医院。2.清除口腔异物后,病人仍有呼吸困难。发现病人处于浅昏迷状态,以下哪项检查应稍后再做?(  )", "options": {"A": "测血压、脉搏", "B": "CT扫描除外颅内血肿", "C": "检查病人的两侧瞳孔大小及对光反应", "D": "胸部叩诊及呼吸音的双侧比较"}, "answer": "CT扫描除外颅内血肿", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列疾病中,纵隔向患侧移位的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性脓胸", "B": "慢性脓胸", "C": "张力性气胸", "D": "血气胸"}, "answer": "慢性脓胸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪一项是TPN的适应证(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹泻", "B": "发热", "C": "肠梗阻", "D": "便血"}, "answer": "肠梗阻", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,71岁,急性前壁心肌梗死2天,轻微活动后喘憋,查体:BP 100/60mmHg,双肺底可闻及少量细湿啰音,心率102次/分,该患者的心功能分级是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Killip分级I级", "B": "Killip分级Ⅲ级", "C": "NYHA分级Ⅲ级", "D": "Killip分级Ⅱ级"}, "answer": "Killip分级Ⅱ级", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,35岁。脸圆、脸红、向心性肥胖1年余,患者有明显的乏力与口干。腹部皮肤可见紫纹,皮肤薄。血压160/80mmHg。闭经1年。1.对定性诊断最有帮助的实验(  )。", "options": {"A": "24小时游离皮质醇测定", "B": "大剂量地塞米松抑制试验", "C": "小剂量地塞米松抑制试验", "D": "下午4点血皮质醇水平检测"}, "answer": "小剂量地塞米松抑制试验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不符合我国人类精子库管理伦理原则要求的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "捐精者有权随时停止捐精", "B": "捐精行为应完全自愿", "C": "捐精者有权知道捐精的用途", "D": "禁止同一捐精者的精子使5名以上妇女受孕"}, "answer": "捐精者有权随时停止捐精", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.血栓脱落随血流至远处(  )。", "options": {"A": "白色血栓", "B": "混合血栓", "C": "透明血栓", "D": "血栓栓塞"}, "answer": "血栓栓塞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪种疾病不需要应用抗菌药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "毛囊炎", "B": "开放性骨折", "C": "结肠手术前", "D": "人工关节术后"}, "answer": "毛囊炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.矽肺可出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺肉质变", "B": "早期肺门淋巴结病变", "C": "肺空洞形成", "D": "蜂窝肺"}, "answer": "早期肺门淋巴结病变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在我国,1岁内小儿需完成的基础计划免疫中,不包括下列中哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "卡介苗", "B": "脊髓灰质炎疫苗", "C": "百日咳—白喉—破伤风混合疫苗", "D": "乙型脑炎疫苗"}, "answer": "乙型脑炎疫苗", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.侵袭性大肠杆菌肠炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "大便呈暗绿色、海水样,粘液较多。便常规有大量脓细胞、革兰阳性细菌", "B": "大便呈水样便、腥臭味,便常规有白细胞,少量红细胞", "C": "多夏季起病,粘液脓血便,便常规大量白细胞、可见红细胞", "D": "秋季起病,大便呈蛋花汤样、量多、次数多、无腥臭味,便常规偶见白细胞"}, "answer": "多夏季起病,粘液脓血便,便常规大量白细胞、可见红细胞", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,12岁,三周前患急性扁桃体炎。突然出现窦性心动过速,心搏微弱,心尖区有收缩期吹风样杂音,实验室检查有链球菌感染,确诊为急性风湿热,除用青霉素控制链球菌感染外,还应选哪种药治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿司匹林", "B": "保泰松", "C": "布洛芬", "D": "吲哚美辛"}, "answer": "阿司匹林", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "椎动脉型颈椎病最突出的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "恶心", "B": "猝倒", "C": "头痛头晕", "D": "耳鸣耳聋"}, "answer": "猝倒", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.21-三体综合征(  )。", "options": {"A": "嗜睡、腹胀、便秘", "B": "四肢细长", "C": "高腭弓、通贯手", "D": "智力正常"}, "answer": "高腭弓、通贯手", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "AMP在体内分解时,首先形成的核苷酸是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IMP", "B": "CMP", "C": "GMP", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "IMP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,28岁。双下肢进行性无力3天,现无法上楼,尿潴留,有冶游史,2周前感冒。查体:胸4平面以下深浅感觉消失,双下肢肌力2级,腱反射消失,Babinski征阳性,脑脊液细胞数0,蛋白100mg/L,糖和氯化物正常,RPR阴性,MRI示胸4~9脊髓略增粗,T2加权像见条索状高信号。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓髓内肿瘤", "B": "脊髓血管畸形", "C": "急性脊髓炎", "D": "脊髓痨"}, "answer": "急性脊髓炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,20岁。头晕、乏力1年。实验室检查:Hb 70g/L,RBC 3.0×1012/L,WBC 4.1×109/L,PLT 200×109/L,血清铁蛋白4μg/L。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性病性贫血", "B": "缺铁性贫血", "C": "地中海贫血", "D": "骨髓增生异常综合征"}, "answer": "缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.重度妊娠高血压综合征孕妇剧烈头痛伴呕吐时首选药物为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌内注射杜冷丁", "B": "静脉滴注硫酸镁", "C": "快速静脉滴注甘露醇", "D": "静脉推注氯丙嗪"}, "answer": "快速静脉滴注甘露醇", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,35岁,双下肢水肿2周,查体:血压130/80mmHg,双下肢轻度凹陷。尿常规:蛋白(+++),红细胞(++),Cr 122μmol/L,血浆白蛋白28g/L。1.为明确诊断,不需要的检查项目是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾活检", "B": "双肾超声", "C": "肾CT", "D": "尿蛋白定量"}, "answer": "肾CT", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "既想参赛锻炼自己,又怕成绩不好被人讥笑,此时的动机冲突是(  )。", "options": {"A": "双避冲突", "B": "趋避冲突", "C": "双重趋避冲突", "D": "双重避趋冲突"}, "answer": "趋避冲突", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "无器质性心脏病慢性心房颤动患者静息心率的控制目标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "<100次/分", "B": "<60次/分", "C": "<90次/分", "D": "<110次/分"}, "answer": "<110次/分", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者突然意识丧失,全身抽搐,面色发绀,口吐白沫,小便失禁,5~6分钟后意识逐渐清醒。诊断可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癔症", "B": "癫痫", "C": "震颤麻痹", "D": "手足搐搦症"}, "answer": "癫痫", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.胸部X线常见肺脓肿,肺大疱(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管炎", "B": "毛细支气管炎", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "D": "支原体肺炎"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,50岁。缓起发热,咳嗽,痰呈脓性,伴腥臭味,每日约150mL。病程已10天,多种抗生素治疗不见改善。X线示右下肺叶后基底段团块状影,伴空洞和液平。两周前曾有拔牙史。2.病原学诊断最可能的细菌当属(  )。", "options": {"A": "铜绿假单胞菌", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "C": "混合性(需氧菌、厌氧菌等)感染", "D": "大肠埃希菌"}, "answer": "混合性(需氧菌、厌氧菌等)感染", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于锡克试验,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可用于调查人群对白喉的免疫状态", "B": "在使用白喉毒素的同时,用无毒力白喉毒素作为对照", "C": "阳性反应说明机体对白喉棒状杆菌无免疫力", "D": "假阳性反应说明机体对白喉棒状杆菌无免疫力,但有超敏反应"}, "answer": "假阳性反应说明机体对白喉棒状杆菌无免疫力,但有超敏反应", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.医疗机构从业人员的职业道德手段是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大医精诚", "B": "以患者为中心", "C": "人道行医", "D": "救死扶伤"}, "answer": "救死扶伤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,28岁,已婚,因消瘦、乏力、多食、心悸3个月就诊。近2年应用口服避孕药。4.哪一种治疗措施是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "放射性核素治疗", "B": "继续药物治疗,待妊娠中期行甲状腺手术", "C": "立即行甲状腺手术", "D": "以上都不对"}, "answer": "继续药物治疗,待妊娠中期行甲状腺手术", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性重症胰腺炎的临床表现一般不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "休克", "B": "呼吸衰竭", "C": "发热", "D": "腹泻"}, "answer": "腹泻", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "降氨药物对下列情况所致的肝性脑病均有效,除(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝炎后肝硬化", "B": "有广泛门-腔静脉分流时,进食高蛋白饮食所致", "C": "有广泛门腔静脉分流时,服用含氮药物之后", "D": "急性重症病毒性肝炎"}, "answer": "急性重症病毒性肝炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.上述哪项突出体现医德良心的作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "某地一些临床名家自发组织了X俱乐部,其活动宗旨是:定期聚会,坦诚交待自己误诊误治的情况并互相交流体会", "B": "一位急诊病人被送到医院,因其满身血污,其他病人及其家属见了忙掩鼻躲开,而应诊医护人员则顾不得脏不脏,出于责任心赶紧给病人做检查和处置", "C": "某科室常常针对所要解决的医德医风问题向住院病人做出改善服务的承诺", "D": "医师保证不泄露病人隐私,终于使病人放心地述说了全部病情信息"}, "answer": "某地一些临床名家自发组织了X俱乐部,其活动宗旨是:定期聚会,坦诚交待自己误诊误治的情况并互相交流体会", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "引起尖锐湿疣的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HPV", "B": "HBV", "C": "VZV", "D": "CMV"}, "answer": "HPV", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一般情况下,需要由主治医师申请、上级医师审核、科室主任核准签发的输血备血量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "100毫升至200毫升", "B": "400毫升至600毫升", "C": "600毫升至800毫升", "D": "800毫升至1600毫升"}, "answer": "800毫升至1600毫升", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男53岁。连续2年冬季感冒后咳嗽,咳痰,持续4~5周,发作时伴有憋气,经使用抗感染治疗后缓解。吸烟近30年每天1包,体检及胸部X线片无异常发现。为明确诊断应首先采取的进一步检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺功能", "B": "胸部CT", "C": "支气管镜", "D": "超声心动图"}, "answer": "肺功能", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.胰岛B细胞产生的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胰高血糖素", "B": "胰岛素", "C": "促黑激素", "D": "褪黑素"}, "answer": "胰岛素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,26岁,牙龈出血伴月经过多1年,双下肢可见散在出血点及紫癜,肝脾不大,血红蛋白90g/L,白细胞5.5×109/L,分类正常,血小板25 ×109/L,尿常规正常。3.首选治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗纤溶药物", "B": "免疫抑制剂", "C": "肾上腺皮质激素", "D": "脾切除"}, "answer": "肾上腺皮质激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "10岁女孩持续发热12天,体温在38~39℃,每日腹泻3或4次,稀便;肝肋下1.0cm,脾肋下2.0cm;血白细胞5.0×109/L;肥达反应“O”1:160;“H”1:160;肝功检查:ALT80单位(正常<40单位);尿胆原阳性;尿胆素阴性;抗HBs阳性。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "疟疾", "B": "伤寒", "C": "病毒性的肝炎", "D": "粟粒型肺结核"}, "answer": "伤寒", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "示指腱鞘炎易蔓延至(  )。", "options": {"A": "鱼际间隙", "B": "桡侧滑液囊", "C": "尺侧滑液囊", "D": "中指骨膜下间隙"}, "answer": "鱼际间隙", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "病毒在下列哪种情况下可脱离免疫逃逸状态?(  )", "options": {"A": "病毒基因高频突变", "B": "病毒急性感染期", "C": "免疫抑制", "D": "干扰抗原提成"}, "answer": "病毒急性感染期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.儿童原发性肾病综合征最常见的类型为(  )。", "options": {"A": "微小病变肾病", "B": "新月体性肾小球肾炎", "C": "IgA肾病", "D": "膜性肾病"}, "answer": "微小病变肾病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "能增加肾血流量,明显舒张肾血管的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻黄碱", "B": "多巴胺", "C": "肾上腺素", "D": "异丙肾上腺素"}, "answer": "多巴胺", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1岁男孩,高热6天,咳重,嗜睡。体检:T39.6℃,面色灰白,口唇青紫,呼吸60次/分,有三凹征,左肺下闻管状呼吸音,细湿啰音,叩浊,胸X线摄片示左下肺大片状阴影。为尽快作出病原学诊断,下列检查项目首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "白细胞分类计数", "B": "痰液细菌培养", "C": "咽拭子分离病毒", "D": "免疫荧光检查"}, "answer": "免疫荧光检查", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "以下哪项是重症肌无力的主要病理生理机制?(  )", "options": {"A": "乙酰胆碱抗体数目减少", "B": "乙酰胆碱释放量增多", "C": "乙酰胆碱受体数目增多", "D": "乙酰胆碱受体数目减少"}, "answer": "乙酰胆碱受体数目减少", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.术后饮食呛咳(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺危象", "B": "喉上神经内支损伤", "C": "喉上神经外支损伤", "D": "手术区内出血"}, "answer": "喉上神经内支损伤", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿前囟检查的意义,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "前囟过大见于佝偻病", "B": "前囟饱满见于颅压增高", "C": "前囟凹陷见于脱水者", "D": "前囟早闭见于克汀病"}, "answer": "前囟早闭见于克汀病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.孕妇感染梅毒首选的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿奇霉素", "B": "青霉素", "C": "多西环素", "D": "头孢曲松"}, "answer": "青霉素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "应首先考虑切除子宫止血的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫缩乏力", "B": "胎盘粘连", "C": "胎盘大部植入", "D": "凝血功能障碍"}, "answer": "胎盘大部植入", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,60岁。腹胀痛,腹泻、便秘交替月余,伴里急后重感,无鲜血便。体格检查:腹平软,未及包块,左锁骨上、腹股沟淋巴结未触及。1.该患者可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直肠癌", "B": "乙状结肠癌", "C": "小肠癌", "D": "盲肠癌"}, "answer": "直肠癌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,33岁。急性腹膜炎术后7天。发热,为弛张热,伴乏力、盗汗,食欲减退,右上腹、肋下持续性钝痛,深呼吸及咳嗽时疼痛加重。腹部B超及CT示肝右叶上方、膈肌下见6cm×4cm液气平面,诊断性穿刺可抽出脓液。2.最常用的抗生素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "半合成青霉素", "B": "克林霉素", "C": "氨基糖苷类", "D": "第三代头孢菌素"}, "answer": "第三代头孢菌素", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)的基因组是(  )。", "options": {"A": "双链线状DNA", "B": "双链环状DNA", "C": "单链正股线状RNA", "D": "单链负股环状或自身配对呈杆状RNA"}, "answer": "单链正股线状RNA", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "苯丙酮尿症需要定期监测(  )。", "options": {"A": "血苯丙氨酸", "B": "尿三氯化铁", "C": "尿蝶呤", "D": "血酪氨酸"}, "answer": "血苯丙氨酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有五个不同职业人群的冠心病患病率资料,若比较职业不同患病率是否相同。2.图示对比不同职业人群的冠心病患病率的高低,应绘制(  )。", "options": {"A": "普通线图", "B": "直方图", "C": "直条图", "D": "圆图"}, "answer": "直条图", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于第二信使二酰甘油的叙述,下述哪一项是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "进入胞浆,起第二信使的作用", "B": "由三酰甘油水解而成", "C": "可提高PKC对Ca2+的敏感性,激活PKC", "D": "只参与腺体的分泌"}, "answer": "可提高PKC对Ca2+的敏感性,激活PKC", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.雷贝拉唑的主要作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制胃蠕动", "B": "抑制胃酸分泌", "C": "黏膜保护作用", "D": "中和胃酸"}, "answer": "抑制胃酸分泌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "集体心理治疗的有效性来源于(  )。", "options": {"A": "团体的情感支持", "B": "群体的相互学习", "C": "重复(矫正)原本家庭经验", "D": "以上均是"}, "answer": "以上均是", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于维拉帕米,哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "对肥厚性心肌病无效", "B": "是治疗阵发性室上性心动过速的首选药", "C": "禁用于严重心衰的病人", "D": "能增加缺血心肌的冠脉流量"}, "answer": "对肥厚性心肌病无效", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪项是引起尖锐湿疣的病原体?(  )", "options": {"A": "EBV", "B": "HPV", "C": "HBV", "D": "VZV"}, "answer": "HPV", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.与原发性肝癌有关(  )。", "options": {"A": "人乳头瘤病毒", "B": "人嗜T淋巴细胞病毒(HTLV-1)", "C": "甲胎蛋白", "D": "癌胚抗原"}, "answer": "甲胎蛋白", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,50岁,因头晕2年就诊,门诊查心率70次/min,血压165/85mmHg,余未发现异常,以高血压收住院。3.该患者住院后。其检查结果为:心电图二度Ⅰ型房室传导阻滞,血钾5.5mmol/L,血肌酐600μmol/L。下列哪项降压药物组合最合适?(  )", "options": {"A": "阿替洛尔+异搏定(维拉帕米)", "B": "心痛定(硝苯地平片)+卡托普利", "C": "阿替洛尔+卡托普利", "D": "硝苯地平+氢氯噻唼"}, "answer": "硝苯地平+氢氯噻唼", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.右心房血氧含量高于上、下腔静脉平均血氧含量(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "动脉导管未闭", "D": "肺动脉狭窄"}, "answer": "房间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某化合物,在无氧条件下可转变为含羟基的三碳羧酸;经CO2固定所得产物为可补充三羧酸循环的中间产物;经氨基移换作用可转变为一种脂肪族氨基酸;其氧化脱羧产物是合成脂肪酸的原料。该物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙酰辅酶A", "B": "丙酮酸", "C": "草酰乙酸", "D": "甘油"}, "answer": "丙酮酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.可发现局部黏膜的早期食管癌的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内镜检查", "B": "脱落细胞检查", "C": "甲胎蛋白定量测定", "D": "选择性动脉造影"}, "answer": "脱落细胞检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪一项不是佐剂应有的生物学作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "提高抗体的滴度", "B": "可特异性的增强免疫功能", "C": "可提高免疫原性", "D": "改变循环抗体的类型"}, "answer": "可特异性的增强免疫功能", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.风湿性心脏病,休息时有心悸,呼吸困难或心绞痛,任何活动均可加重上述症状,判断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "Killip Ⅰ级", "B": "Killip Ⅲ级", "C": "NYHA Ⅱ级", "D": "NYHA Ⅳ级"}, "answer": "NYHA Ⅳ级", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,48岁。右颈部包块伴发热1个月入院,活检诊断为弥漫性大细胞型,B细胞来源,脾肋下5cm,骨髓穿刺涂片内有12%淋巴肉瘤细胞。1.最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "霍奇金病", "B": "非霍奇金淋巴瘤", "C": "慢性淋巴细胞白血病", "D": "转移瘤"}, "answer": "非霍奇金淋巴瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "可承载生物遗传信息的分子结构是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氨基酸的侧链基团", "B": "脂蛋白的脂质组成", "C": "核酸的核苷酸序列", "D": "胆固醇的侧链碳原子"}, "answer": "核酸的核苷酸序列", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,40岁。颞侧搏动样头痛,伴恶心、呕吐、怕光,持续1~2天。发作前有视物变形和亮点。有头痛发作史20年。查体无异常。头痛发作时口服药物治疗不宜选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "吲哚美辛", "B": "尼莫地平", "C": "麦角胺咖啡因", "D": "英明格"}, "answer": "尼莫地平", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "骨巨细胞瘤的好发年龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1~5岁", "B": "6~10岁", "C": "11~15岁", "D": "21~30岁"}, "answer": "21~30岁", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,4岁,7月25日开始发热,伴头痛、恶心、呕吐一次,次日稀便三次,精神不振,抽搐一次。体检:急性热病容,嗜睡状,颈强(+),克氏征(++),血常规检查:WBC 15.0×109/L,脑脊液为无色透明,白细胞数100×109/L,中性80%。2.住院两天后,该患儿高热不退,反复抽搐,意识不清,呼吸节律不规整,双侧瞳孔不等大,此时重要的抢救措施是立即应用(  )。", "options": {"A": "脱水剂", "B": "镇静剂", "C": "地塞米松", "D": "呼吸兴奋剂"}, "answer": "脱水剂", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "类白血病反应的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓中幼稚粒细胞增高", "B": "外周血出现幼稚细胞,NAP活性增高", "C": "脾脏显著肿大", "D": "外周血嗜碱性嗜酸粒细胞增高"}, "answer": "外周血出现幼稚细胞,NAP活性增高", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对始终未明确病原菌的化脓性脑膜炎患儿抗生素疗程应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "7~8天", "B": "9~10天", "C": "10~14天", "D": "15~20天"}, "answer": "10~14天", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急链后肾小球肾炎,补体C3恢复时间为(  )。", "options": {"A": "2周以内", "B": "4周以内", "C": "8周以内", "D": "半年以内"}, "answer": "8周以内", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "《母婴保健法》规定,主管全国母婴保健工作的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全国妇女联合会", "B": "国家技术监督部门", "C": "国家计划生育委员会", "D": "国务院卫生行政部门"}, "answer": "国务院卫生行政部门", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "能量的需要,为小儿特有的所需是(  )。", "options": {"A": "基础代谢", "B": "活动", "C": "排泄损失能量", "D": "生长发育"}, "answer": "生长发育", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "苯海拉明最常见的不良反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化道反应", "B": "镇静,嗜睡", "C": "口干", "D": "粒细胞减少"}, "answer": "镇静,嗜睡", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医师张某给一患者开具了处方,患者取药时,药剂师指出该处方不符合相关规定不予调配。其理由是(  )。", "options": {"A": "该处方使用了药品通用名称", "B": "该处方同时开具了中成药和西药", "C": "该处方注明了5天有效期", "D": "该处方开具了7天药物用量"}, "answer": "该处方注明了5天有效期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,53岁。外阴瘙痒数年,外阴皮肤黏膜萎缩变薄,色白,发亮,阴蒂萎缩且与包皮粘连。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "外阴硬化性苔癣", "B": "外阴上皮增生", "C": "外阴上皮内瘤样病变", "D": "皮肤病"}, "answer": "外阴硬化性苔癣", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.根据功能可将T细胞分为(  )。", "options": {"A": "αβT细胞和γδT细胞", "B": "Th、Ts、Tc和TDTH细胞", "C": "Th0、Thl、Th2和Th3细胞", "D": "初始T细胞和记忆性T细胞"}, "answer": "Th0、Thl、Th2和Th3细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "婴儿期的特点中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生长发育最迅速", "B": "抗病能力较强,不易患传染病", "C": "易发生消化与营养紊乱", "D": "需要有计划接受预防接种"}, "answer": "抗病能力较强,不易患传染病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,59岁,右上腹剧痛15天,伴发热10天。乙肝病史10年,慢性支气管炎病史8年。查体:T 38.3℃,慢性病容,颈静脉无怒张,双肺呼吸音减弱,未闻及湿啰音,腹膨隆,肝右肋下4cm,双下肢凹陷性水肿。肝功能检查正常。1.该患者肝大最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右心功能不全", "B": "淋巴瘤", "C": "胆道感染", "D": "肝脓肿"}, "answer": "肝脓肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "起源于上皮组织的恶性肿瘤称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "类癌", "B": "瘤", "C": "癌", "D": "癌肉瘤"}, "answer": "癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有关同工酶概念的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "同工酶常由几个亚基组成", "B": "不同器官的同工酶谱不同", "C": "同工酶的理化性质不同", "D": "同工酶催化不同的底物反应"}, "answer": "同工酶催化不同的底物反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "可用口服补液方式治疗的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿腹泻", "B": "腹胀明显", "C": "中度脱水无周围循环衰竭", "D": "重度脱水"}, "answer": "中度脱水无周围循环衰竭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.初孕妇,妊娠36周,无痛性阴道流血3天,胎心136次/min,宫口开大5cm,胎膜未破,S+1。恰当的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "手术助产缩短第二产程", "B": "人工破膜", "C": "剖宫产", "D": "静滴缩宫素引产"}, "answer": "人工破膜", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.急性化脓性关节炎是(  )。", "options": {"A": "关节痛表现为病情缓慢,肿而不红,穿刺见脓液", "B": "关节痛表现为游走性,轻度红、肿、热,与天气变化有关", "C": "关节痛表现为多发性,有畸形及功能障碍,穿刺液见白细胞数增多,中性粒细胞占0.75", "D": "关节痛表现为急性发作,高热,红肿明显,不能活动,白细胞高,关节液自细胞甚多,中性粒细胞占0.90"}, "answer": "关节痛表现为急性发作,高热,红肿明显,不能活动,白细胞高,关节液自细胞甚多,中性粒细胞占0.90", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.重度窒息新生儿推迟喂养,第1天静脉补液的量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "60~90ml/kg", "B": "50~60ml/kg", "C": "90~120ml/kg", "D": "120~150ml/kg"}, "answer": "50~60ml/kg", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪一项不作为铅中毒的实验室检查指标?(  )", "options": {"A": "尿粪卟啉(CPU)", "B": "血铅、尿铅", "C": "红细胞游离原卟啉(FEP)、锌原卟啉(ZPP)", "D": "δ-氨基乙酰丙酸合成酶"}, "answer": "δ-氨基乙酰丙酸合成酶", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "成年男性,3个月来双下肢无力、双下肢麻木,逐渐发展到腰部,后背疼痛且咳嗽时加剧。查体:左半侧T8下痛温觉消失;右下肢肌力Ⅲ度,腱反射亢进,Babinski征阳性,右下肢足趾振动觉、位置觉消失。1.可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "T8附近脊髓髓内病变", "B": "右T8附近脊髓髓外病变", "C": "T8附近脊髓休克性病变", "D": "右T8附近脊髓髓内病变"}, "answer": "右T8附近脊髓髓内病变", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "氰化氢中毒引起缺氧的主要原因是下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "组织用氧功能障碍", "B": "血循环障碍", "C": "细胞内氧化还原障碍", "D": "机体运氧功能障碍"}, "answer": "组织用氧功能障碍", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "建筑工人不慎坠楼,腰剧痛,双下肢感觉运动障碍,大小便功能障碍。3.除手术外,伤后早期最重要的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "止痛剂", "B": "甘露醇与大剂量糖皮质激素", "C": "防止褥疮", "D": "留置尿管"}, "answer": "甘露醇与大剂量糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿结核性脑膜炎的早期临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "前囟饱满", "B": "性格改变", "C": "意识模糊", "D": "脑膜刺激征"}, "answer": "性格改变", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "氯化钾静滴浓度不得超过(  )。", "options": {"A": "0.3%", "B": "O.6%", "C": "0.9%", "D": "1.2%"}, "answer": "0.3%", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.上述各项中属于医生违背尊重原则的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医生满足病人的一切保密要求", "B": "妊娠危及母亲的生命时,医生给予引产", "C": "医生对病人的呼叫或提问给予应答", "D": "医生的行为使某个病人受益,但却损害了别的病人的利益"}, "answer": "医生满足病人的一切保密要求", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "与动物细胞结构相比较,细菌所特有的一种重要结构是(  )。", "options": {"A": "线粒体", "B": "高尔基体", "C": "细胞膜", "D": "细胞壁"}, "answer": "细胞壁", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,45岁。4小时前感上腹胀痛伴恶心,呕吐一次为胃内容物。1小时来右侧腹痛,有便意但未能排便,疑似急性阑尾炎。下列体征中,对确诊最有价值的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体温37.8℃", "B": "MeBurney点压痛", "C": "腰大肌征阳性", "D": "右侧腹痛"}, "answer": "MeBurney点压痛", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在细菌生长过程中,细菌生长最快、生物学性状最典型的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "减数期", "B": "对数期", "C": "迟缓期", "D": "稳定期"}, "answer": "对数期", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于管家基因的叙述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "在一个生物个体的几乎所有细胞中持续表达", "B": "在个体各个生长阶段几乎全部组织中持续表达", "C": "在个体发育不同阶段进行表达", "D": "只受启动序列与RNA聚合酶相互作用的影响"}, "answer": "在个体发育不同阶段进行表达", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "5.无意识障碍而出现言语、动作、情感的抑制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "强制性思维", "B": "痴呆", "C": "关系妄想", "D": "木僵"}, "answer": "木僵", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "蛋白质-热能营养不良小儿最先出现的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "身高低于正常", "B": "皮下脂肪消失", "C": "体重不增", "D": "体重减轻"}, "answer": "体重不增", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "11个月婴儿发热、剧烈呕吐,嗜睡、烦躁交替出现,惊厥1次。前囟膨隆,右侧鼻唇沟变浅,颈项强直。其母患有肺结核。7.对严重的结核性脑膜炎患儿,应用肾上腺糖皮质激素的作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "与抗结核药物有协同作用", "B": "减轻中毒症状及脑膜刺激症状", "C": "减少脑脊液的产生", "D": "防止结核病复发"}, "answer": "减轻中毒症状及脑膜刺激症状", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "正常成年女性的红细胞数量平均为(  )。", "options": {"A": "3×1012/L", "B": "4.2×1012/L", "C": "6.2×1012/L", "D": "6.8×1012/L"}, "answer": "4.2×1012/L", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "无症状性细菌尿最常见的致病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "粪肠球菌", "B": "大肠埃希菌", "C": "葡萄球菌", "D": "铜绿假单胞菌"}, "answer": "大肠埃希菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初产妇,妊娠40周,产力正常,胎心140次/分,头位,双顶径10cm,先露浮,宫口2cm,对角径11cm,正确的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "哌替啶肌注", "B": "继续观察产程进展", "C": "稀释缩宫素静滴", "D": "剖宫产"}, "answer": "剖宫产", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.上述哪项引起眼球内斜视?(  )", "options": {"A": "动眼神经损害", "B": "外展神经损害", "C": "三叉神经损害", "D": "舌下神经损害"}, "answer": "外展神经损害", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.执业医师考核不合格的,可以责令其暂停执业活动3~6个月,并(  )。", "options": {"A": "接受培训和继续医学教育", "B": "继续执业", "C": "注销注册", "D": "予以取缔"}, "answer": "接受培训和继续医学教育", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,49岁,近半年数次发作性右上腹疼痛,恶心呕吐,多为夜间睡眠后发作,并向右肩部放射。检查:肥胖体质,BP 110/90mmHg,P 90次/分,右上腹轻度压痛,无腹肌紧张。3.病情进一步加重,并出现黄疸,应首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆囊穿孔性腹膜炎", "B": "亚急性肝坏死", "C": "胆囊癌侵犯肝总管", "D": "胆囊结石进入胆总管并堵塞远端"}, "answer": "胆囊结石进入胆总管并堵塞远端", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于慢性肾盂肾炎的描述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小管和肾间质的慢性化脓性炎症", "B": "一种以增生为主的炎症", "C": "一种以变质为主的炎症", "D": "肾小球肾炎的一种特殊类型"}, "answer": "肾小管和肾间质的慢性化脓性炎症", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿生长发育的一般规律,不正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "由下到上", "B": "由粗到细", "C": "由近到远", "D": "由简单到复杂"}, "answer": "由下到上", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.骨软骨瘤可见到(  )。", "options": {"A": "表面静脉怒张,皮温明显增高", "B": "病理性骨折后可自愈", "C": "发病后迅速出现瘫痪", "D": "局部肿块,无触痛,外伤后始发现"}, "answer": "局部肿块,无触痛,外伤后始发现", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.佝偻病患儿预防性服用维生素D的时间一般可以达(  )。", "options": {"A": "1个月", "B": "3个月", "C": "1年", "D": "2年"}, "answer": "2年", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项为接近震颤麻痹病因治疗的药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "地西泮", "B": "左旋多巴", "C": "新斯的明", "D": "利血平"}, "answer": "左旋多巴", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗三叉神经痛的疗效最好的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯妥英钠", "B": "卡马西平", "C": "乙琥胺", "D": "阿司匹林"}, "answer": "卡马西平", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "动脉导管未闭时,血液的分流方向是下列哪一项?(  )", "options": {"A": "左室→右室", "B": "主动脉→肺动脉", "C": "肺动脉→主动脉", "D": "右房→左房"}, "answer": "主动脉→肺动脉", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.SLE的标记性抗体(  )。", "options": {"A": "颊部蝶形皮疹及蛋白尿", "B": "腕、掌指、近指关节受累", "C": "膝关节受累", "D": "第一趾剧烈疼痛"}, "answer": "腕、掌指、近指关节受累", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.人体实验中的受试者选择原则(  )。", "options": {"A": "欺骗、威胁、利诱进行人体实验违反道德和法律", "B": "负担和受益要公平分配", "C": "研究者与受试者之间应保密", "D": "死亡者家属有权获得赔偿"}, "answer": "负担和受益要公平分配", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,25岁。5年来上腹痛,服药后短时间即缓解。近来因天气转冷,工作劳累又发。上腹灼痛,反酸,疼痛多出现在早上10点、下午4点左右,有时夜间痛醒,进食后缓解。X线钡餐检查:十二指肠溃疡。该病人首选何药治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "西咪替丁", "B": "雷尼替丁", "C": "胃舒平", "D": "阿托品"}, "answer": "雷尼替丁", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.以小动脉硬化为主的患者动脉血压变化特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主要为收缩压升高", "B": "主要为舒张压升高", "C": "收缩压降低,舒张压升高", "D": "收缩压升高,舒张压降低"}, "answer": "主要为舒张压升高", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染的筛查试验与确证试验方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ELISA法检测P24抗原及抗-HIV筛查与蛋白印迹(WB)试验确证", "B": "ELISA法检测抗-HIV抗体筛查与PCR试验确证", "C": "间接免疫荧光抗体吸收试验筛查与病毒分离确证", "D": "RT-PCR筛查与蛋白印迹试验(WB)确证"}, "answer": "ELISA法检测P24抗原及抗-HIV筛查与蛋白印迹(WB)试验确证", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,23岁,月经周期无规律性,2~3个月1次,经期持续时间7~14日。经期1日宫颈黏液涂片见羊齿状结晶,与之有关的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "雌激素", "B": "孕激索", "C": "催乳素", "D": "甲状腺素"}, "answer": "雌激素", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "手外伤的术后处理,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "包扎时用纱布隔开手指、露出指尖", "B": "游离植皮处应适当加压", "C": "术后用石膏托固定于伸直位", "D": "注射破伤风抗毒素血清"}, "answer": "术后用石膏托固定于伸直位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,44岁,有胆囊结石病史9年。上腹剧痛3天,向腰部放射,伴恶心、呕吐,血淀粉酶升高2倍。以下最有价值的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上消化道钡餐", "B": "心电图", "C": "腹部CT", "D": "胃镜"}, "answer": "腹部CT", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,18岁。因转移性右下腹痛12小时入院,诊断为“急性阑尾炎”,当晚行阑尾切除术,病理为坏疽性阑尾炎。自术后次晨起,患者表现为腹痛,烦躁不安,未解小便。查体:面色较苍白,皮肤湿冷,心率110次/min,较弱,血压80/60mmHg,腹稍胀,全腹压痛,轻度肌紧张,肠鸣音减弱。1.该患者目前情况,应考虑为何种可能?(  )", "options": {"A": "术后肠麻痹", "B": "术后尿潴留", "C": "术后腹腔内出血", "D": "机械性肠梗阻"}, "answer": "术后腹腔内出血", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项与底物水平磷酸化有关?(  )", "options": {"A": "3-磷酸甘油醛", "B": "6-磷酸葡萄糖酸", "C": "1,3-二磷酸甘油酸", "D": "2-磷酸甘油酸"}, "answer": "1,3-二磷酸甘油酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于胎儿生长受限,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "足月胎儿出生体重<2000g", "B": "胎儿体重低于同孕龄平均体重的3个标准差", "C": "胎儿发育指数正常值为>+3", "D": "宫高、腹围连续3周测量在第10百分位数以下为筛选FGR的指标"}, "answer": "宫高、腹围连续3周测量在第10百分位数以下为筛选FGR的指标", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪一种过程与Ca2+内流无关?(  )", "options": {"A": "快反应细胞2期复极", "B": "慢反应细胞0期去极", "C": "快反应细胞1期复极", "D": "快反应细胞平台期"}, "answer": "快反应细胞1期复极", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不属于基因重组的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "转换", "B": "转化", "C": "整合", "D": "转位"}, "answer": "转换", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "治疗风湿性疾病的药物,下述哪一项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "青霉胺", "B": "布洛芬", "C": "环磷酰胺", "D": "PGE(前列腺素)"}, "answer": "PGE(前列腺素)", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "佐剂的功能不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "作用于T细胞抗原受体", "B": "激活抗原提呈细胞", "C": "延长抗原的体内滞留时间", "D": "改变免疫应答的类型"}, "answer": "作用于T细胞抗原受体", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "骨折临床愈合的标准,下列哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "局部无压痛", "B": "局部无反常活动", "C": "局部无畸形", "D": "X片示骨折线模糊并有连续性骨痂通过"}, "answer": "局部无畸形", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,21岁,下水道工人,因发热、全身酸痛、乏力5天人院。查体:结膜充血,皮肤有出血疹,腹股沟淋巴结蚕豆大,伴有压痛,腓肠肌压痛(+)。血象:WBC 13.2×109/L,N 0.8,L 0.2。钩端螺旋体凝集溶解试验阳性(1:400)。应首选下述何种药物(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素每次40万U肌内注射,每天120万U~160万U", "B": "复方新诺明l9,每天分2次口服", "C": "青霉素每次80万u加链霉素0.5g肌内注射,每天2次", "D": "螺旋霉素0.2g,每天4次口服"}, "answer": "青霉素每次40万U肌内注射,每天120万U~160万U", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,68岁。阵发性腹痛1年,自觉有“气块”在腹中窜动,起初大便次数增加,近3个月腹胀、便秘,近3天无肛门排气排便,呕吐物有粪便臭味,一直感觉乏力和低热。1.根据病史考虑肠梗阻为(  )。", "options": {"A": "血运性肠梗阻", "B": "高位完全梗阻", "C": "低位不完全梗阻", "D": "低位完全梗阻"}, "answer": "低位完全梗阻", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "产前诊断胎儿畸形最常用的手段是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎儿心电图", "B": "羊膜腔穿刺羊水检查", "C": "羊膜镜检查", "D": "B超检查"}, "answer": "B超检查", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于脂类的消化和吸收的叙述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆汁酸使脂类乳化成细小微团", "B": "辅脂酶具有脂肪酶的活性", "C": "磷脂酶能催化生成溶血磷脂", "D": "胆固醇酯酶能催化生成脂肪酸"}, "answer": "辅脂酶具有脂肪酶的活性", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,32岁,白带增多伴腥臭味3d。妇科检查:阴道黏膜无充血,阴道壁黏附有大量灰白色、均匀一致、稀薄的分泌物,该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阴道念珠菌病", "B": "细菌性阴道病", "C": "老年性阴道炎", "D": "阿米巴性阴道炎"}, "answer": "细菌性阴道病", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项为诱发DIC最常见的病因?(  )", "options": {"A": "恶性肿瘤", "B": "手术及外伤", "C": "革兰阴性细菌感染", "D": "代谢性酸中毒"}, "answer": "革兰阴性细菌感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于幽门螺旋杆菌的特征正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "革兰阴性杆菌,无鞭毛", "B": "需氧生长,营养要求高", "C": "耐干燥", "D": "与B型胃炎、消化道溃疡及胃癌有关"}, "answer": "与B型胃炎、消化道溃疡及胃癌有关", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医学伦理学公正原则要求医生对病人(  )。", "options": {"A": "细致周到", "B": "一视同仁", "C": "充满爱心", "D": "充满责任心"}, "answer": "一视同仁", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.新生儿常见(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核性脑膜炎", "B": "B族溶血性链球菌脑膜炎", "C": "脑膜炎双球菌脑膜炎", "D": "流感嗜血杆菌脑膜炎"}, "answer": "B族溶血性链球菌脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "成年男性患者,使用抗结核药物治疗肺结核数月,一周前出现头部持续性疼痛,3天前出现发热,达38℃左右,今日头痛加重,出现昏迷。检查可见项强,脑脊液轻度混浊,白细胞数为12×109/L,以淋巴细胞为多见,总蛋白1.5g/L(标准值为0.15~0.45g/L),集菌涂片镜检见厚荚膜的菌体。除结核性脑膜炎外,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "B": "新型隐球菌性脑膜炎", "C": "白色念珠菌性脑膜炎", "D": "钩端螺旋体性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "新型隐球菌性脑膜炎", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "母亲孕期吸烟对母亲或胎儿造成的影响不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "自然流产率增加", "B": "胎儿死亡率增加", "C": "低体重儿", "D": "新生儿死亡"}, "answer": "新生儿死亡", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小叶性肺炎属于何种炎症?(  )", "options": {"A": "化脓性炎", "B": "出血性炎", "C": "纤维素性炎", "D": "浆液性炎"}, "answer": "化脓性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.处于恢复期时最理想的医患关系模式为(  )。", "options": {"A": "指导合作型", "B": "共同参与型", "C": "患者至上型", "D": "互惠型"}, "answer": "共同参与型", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "神经元兴奋时,首先产生动作电位的部位为(  )。", "options": {"A": "树突", "B": "胞体", "C": "轴突始段", "D": "树突始段"}, "answer": "轴突始段", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,男,8岁。剧烈运动后胸闷,气短1个月。查体:心前区未触及震颤,胸骨左缘2~3肋间闻及3/6级收缩期喷射性杂音,P2增强、固定分裂。3.最典型的心电图改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不完全性右束支传导阻滞和电轴右偏", "B": "左心房肥大", "C": "二度房室传导阻滞Ⅰ型", "D": "一度房室传导阻滞"}, "answer": "不完全性右束支传导阻滞和电轴右偏", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "腹部大手术后,早期出现肺功能不全的最常见原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃内容物误吸", "B": "肺不张", "C": "气胸", "D": "肺水肿"}, "answer": "肺不张", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有关肛裂的描述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "常伴发大出血", "B": "最常见于膝胸位肛门12点处", "C": "应以手术治疗为主", "D": "多因慢性腹泻发生"}, "answer": "最常见于膝胸位肛门12点处", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "26岁,初产妇,妊娠39周,规律宫缩18h,肛查宫口8cm,先露0、胎膜未破,腹部触诊为头先露,宫缩时宫体部不硬,持续30s,间隔5min,胎心136/min,B超检查:示胎儿双顶径为9.0cm。1.出现以上情况最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫收缩过强", "B": "胎儿过大", "C": "子宫收缩乏力", "D": "骨盆狭窄"}, "answer": "子宫收缩乏力", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "惊厥持续状态的处理,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尽快找出病因", "B": "禁用甘露醇", "C": "首先地西泮止惊", "D": "积极降温"}, "answer": "禁用甘露醇", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "陈旧性心肌梗死患者,心电图示频发室性期前收缩。首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "美西律", "B": "奎尼丁", "C": "β受体阻滞剂", "D": "硝酸甘油"}, "answer": "β受体阻滞剂", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "35岁男性,右膝关节内侧疼痛,肿胀半年,曾在外院拍X片,见有胫骨上端内侧有一5cm×4cm大小透光区,中间有肥皂泡沫阴影,骨端膨大。近1月来肿胀明显加重,夜间疼痛难忍,右膝关节活动受限。入院后X线片是胫骨上端病变扩大,肥皂泡沫阴影,呈云雾状阴影,病变侵入软组织。4.上述病人若病变处于早期阶段时,治疗应采用(  )。", "options": {"A": "病灶刮除+植骨", "B": "病灶不处理,严密观察", "C": "瘤段切除,假体植入", "D": "瘤段切除,植骨"}, "answer": "瘤段切除,植骨", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.ICD为(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神障碍诊断与统计手册", "B": "疾病及有关健康的国际分类", "C": "中国精神障碍分类方案", "D": "中国精神疾病分类与诊断标准"}, "answer": "疾病及有关健康的国际分类", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.动眼神经支配的肌肉是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上斜肌", "B": "下斜肌", "C": "外直肌", "D": "眼轮匝肌"}, "answer": "下斜肌", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "骨盆骨折最重要的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "反常活动", "B": "畸形", "C": "局部压痛及间接挤压痛", "D": "骨擦音及骨擦感"}, "answer": "局部压痛及间接挤压痛", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "钩端螺旋体多价疫苗接种后其免疫力可维持(  )。", "options": {"A": "有效1年以内", "B": "终生免疫", "C": "有效2~5年", "D": "有效5~10年"}, "answer": "有效1年以内", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某患者,因欲自杀服有机磷农药。被发现后急送医院。查体:昏迷状态,呼吸困难,皮肤湿冷,双瞳孔如针尖大小。2.在治疗本病时应用阿托品,阿托品治疗的有效指标不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "口干、皮肤干燥", "B": "颜面潮红", "C": "瞳孔较前缩小", "D": "肺部哕音减少或消失"}, "answer": "瞳孔较前缩小", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.可以转变为酪氨酸的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甘氨酸", "B": "色氨酸", "C": "谷氨酸", "D": "苯丙氨酸"}, "answer": "苯丙氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.长效胰岛素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢胰岛素锌悬液、半慢胰岛素锌悬液", "B": "鱼精蛋白锌胰岛素、慢胰岛素锌悬液", "C": "中性鱼精蛋白锌胰岛素、慢胰岛素锌悬液", "D": "特慢胰岛素锌悬液、鱼精蛋白锌胰岛素"}, "answer": "特慢胰岛素锌悬液、鱼精蛋白锌胰岛素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是颈膨大损伤引起瘫痪的表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "双下肢弛缓性瘫", "B": "双上肢弛缓性瘫,双下肢痉挛性瘫", "C": "双下肢痉挛性瘫", "D": "四肢痉挛性瘫"}, "answer": "双上肢弛缓性瘫,双下肢痉挛性瘫", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "属于浅Ⅱ度烧伤的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤及表皮层", "B": "伤及表皮浅层,生发层健在", "C": "伤及表皮生发层、真皮乳头层", "D": "伤及皮肤全层"}, "answer": "伤及表皮生发层、真皮乳头层", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "中毒型细菌性痢疾的临床表现的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "起病急骤,突然高热", "B": "反复惊厥、嗜睡", "C": "迅速发生休克、昏迷", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "继发性肺结核的病变特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病变在肺内主要经受侵的支气管播散", "B": "易发生干酪样坏死,不形成结核结节", "C": "空洞的形成比原发性肺结核少见", "D": "肺内病变多位于下叶"}, "answer": "病变在肺内主要经受侵的支气管播散", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某工地工人因外伤致股骨干闭合性骨折,在运往医院途中,应该(  )。", "options": {"A": "用木板床运送", "B": "置左下肢内收内旋位", "C": "人力牵引置下肢中立位", "D": "将左下肢和右下肢捆扎一起"}, "answer": "将左下肢和右下肢捆扎一起", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "若对急性心肌梗死患者行其他疾病的择期手术,最早应在心肌梗死后(  )。", "options": {"A": "6个月", "B": "1个月", "C": "3个月", "D": "2个月"}, "answer": "6个月", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.上述哪项能增强NK细胞杀伤活性(  )。", "options": {"A": "IL-4", "B": "IL-7", "C": "IL-8", "D": "IL-12"}, "answer": "IL-12", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,30岁,左前胸刀刺伤半小时。查体:烦躁不安,皮肤苍白湿冷,呼吸困难,脉细弱,140次/min,颈静脉怒张。血压70/50mmHg。左前胸第5肋间处见约4cm刀伤口。2.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏压塞", "B": "左侧进行性血胸", "C": "左侧张力性气胸", "D": "大血管破裂"}, "answer": "心脏压塞", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "坏死组织经腐败菌作用后常可发生(  )。", "options": {"A": "脓肿", "B": "梗死", "C": "坏疽", "D": "栓塞"}, "answer": "坏疽", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性肾小球肾炎的主要临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "浮肿、血尿、高血压", "B": "贫血、浮肿、高血压", "C": "少尿、氮质血症、浮肿", "D": "管型尿、浮肿、高血压"}, "answer": "浮肿、血尿、高血压", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "十二指肠大乳头位于十二指肠(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃窦部", "B": "降部后内侧壁", "C": "降部后外侧壁", "D": "水平部后壁"}, "answer": "降部后内侧壁", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.正常人安静时血液中白细胞计数为(  )。", "options": {"A": "(4~10)×109个/L", "B": "4000~10000个/cm3", "C": "(100~300)×109个/L", "D": "(3.5~5.0)×1012/L"}, "answer": "(4~10)×109个/L", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,28岁。反复上腹痛2年,加重并呕吐宿食2周,伴有口渴少尿。最可能的电解质失衡种类是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低钾低氯性酸中毒", "B": "高钾低氯性碱中毒", "C": "低钾低氯性碱中毒", "D": "低钾高氯性酸中毒"}, "answer": "低钾低氯性碱中毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "我国晚发型新生儿败血症病原菌最多见的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "破伤风杆菌", "B": "幽门螺杆菌", "C": "葡萄球菌", "D": "表皮葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "基础代谢率的正常范围是不超过正常平均值的(  )。", "options": {"A": "正负5%~正负10%", "B": "正负0%~正负5%", "C": "正负10%~正负15%", "D": "正负20%~正负30%"}, "answer": "正负10%~正负15%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,28岁,被人发现昏迷且休克,屋内有火炉,且发现有敌敌畏空瓶。查体:体温36℃,脉搏90/60mmHg,四肢厥冷、腱反射消失、心电图一度房室传导阻滞。尿糖(+)、尿蛋白(+)、血液的COHb为60%。2.诊断该病后,首要的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "冬眠疗法", "B": "20%甘露醇250ml快速静脉滴注", "C": "血液透析", "D": "氧气疗法"}, "answer": "氧气疗法", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "通过内源性途径活化CD8+细胞的Ag是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌的外毒素", "B": "菌体Ag", "C": "病毒感染的细胞", "D": "异种动物血清"}, "answer": "病毒感染的细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有关脊髓灰质炎疫苗的描述不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒有毒力恢复的可能", "B": "可能活化其他潜伏病毒", "C": "疫苗可置室温下长期保存", "D": "免疫力低下者不宜服用"}, "answer": "疫苗可置室温下长期保存", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "62岁女性,因口角歪斜2日来诊。查体:双眼闭合有力,示齿口角左偏,该体征提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "周围性面瘫", "B": "三叉神经运动支损害", "C": "中枢性面瘫", "D": "舌下神经损害"}, "answer": "中枢性面瘫", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "营养性缺铁性贫血患儿最适合的治疗应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "餐前服用富马酸铁", "B": "反复多次少量输血及硫酸亚铁", "C": "肌注左旋糖酐铁及维生素C口服", "D": "餐间服用硫酸亚铁及维生素C"}, "answer": "餐间服用硫酸亚铁及维生素C", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于栓塞的叙述,以下哪项是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "脂肪栓塞均由创伤引起", "B": "羊水栓塞不引起死亡", "C": "肺动脉血栓栓塞的栓子多来自下肢深静脉", "D": "减压病是氧气栓塞"}, "answer": "肺动脉血栓栓塞的栓子多来自下肢深静脉", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男。26岁。节律性中上腹痛2年余。每次饥饿时加重,进餐后缓解,夜间常痛醒,昨日大便发黑就诊。体检:血压、脉率正常,中上腹部轻度压痛,无包块。隐血(+++)。3.本病例估计出血量至少是多少(  )。", "options": {"A": ">50mL", "B": "100~200mL", "C": "500~1000mL", "D": "1500mL以上"}, "answer": ">50mL", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,16岁。低热、咳嗽、咽部不适2周,胸部X线片示两肺下部网状及按小叶分布的斑片状浸润阴影,血WBC 10×109/L2.首选哪项检查以确定诊断?(  )", "options": {"A": "痰真菌培养", "B": "冷凝集试验", "C": "血清抗体测定", "D": "痰抗酸杆菌涂片"}, "answer": "血清抗体测定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "自我意识的形成标志着(  )。", "options": {"A": "情绪成熟", "B": "人格形成", "C": "自我实现", "D": "理想我的形成"}, "answer": "人格形成", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "子痫前期-子痫的基本病理生理变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高凝状态", "B": "脏器功能受损或衰竭", "C": "全身小动脉痉挛", "D": "血管通透性增加"}, "answer": "全身小动脉痉挛", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "水溶性物质,借助细胞膜上的载体蛋白或通道蛋白的帮助进入细胞的过程是(  )。", "options": {"A": "易化扩散", "B": "单纯扩散", "C": "入胞作用", "D": "出胞作用"}, "answer": "易化扩散", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,24岁。停经49天,诊断为早期妊娠。在行人工流产负压吸宫术时,突然出现面色苍白、出汗、头晕、胸闷。体检:体温36.6℃,血压90/60mmHg,心率56次/分。2.最合适的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "改行钳刮术", "B": "肌内注射催产素20U", "C": "静脉注射阿托品0.5mg", "D": "超声监护下继续人工流产"}, "answer": "静脉注射阿托品0.5mg", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有关血栓形成的概念下列哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "血栓是在死亡后心血管内形成的", "B": "血栓是在活体心血管内血液成分析出形成的固体团块", "C": "血栓是在血管流动状态下形成的", "D": "血栓与血凝块不同"}, "answer": "血栓是在死亡后心血管内形成的", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,11个月,生后反复患肺炎,2天前开始发热咳嗽、气促、烦躁不安。查体:口唇发绀,呼吸48次/分,心率198次/分,心音低钝,胸骨左级第3、4肋间可闻及3级收缩期杂音,双肺中、小水泡音,肝肋下3.0cm,双足背轻度水肿。2.下列哪一项处置是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "快速洋地黄化", "B": "静脉滴注抗生素", "C": "静脉注射钙剂", "D": "应用利尿剂"}, "answer": "静脉注射钙剂", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "DNA变性是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "多核苷酸链解聚", "B": "分子中磷酸二酯键断裂", "C": "互补碱基间氢键断裂", "D": "DNA分子由超螺旋转变为双螺旋"}, "answer": "互补碱基间氢键断裂", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "“病人仰卧在躺椅上畅所欲言,治疗者在倾听和询问中解释病人的潜意识、情绪或幼年的特殊生活事件的方法”称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "梦的分析", "B": "自由联想", "C": "系统脱敏", "D": "生物反馈"}, "answer": "自由联想", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "头孢菌素类用于抗绿脓杆菌感染最强的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头孢氨苄", "B": "头孢唑啉", "C": "头孢他啶", "D": "头孢哌酮"}, "answer": "头孢他啶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.库欣反应(  )。", "options": {"A": "头痛,呕吐,视乳头水肿", "B": "呼吸骤停", "C": "昏迷,患侧瞳孔散大,对侧肢体偏瘫", "D": "血压升高,脉搏变慢,出现潮式呼吸"}, "answer": "血压升高,脉搏变慢,出现潮式呼吸", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "反映心脏健康程度的最好指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心指数", "B": "射血分数", "C": "心脏做功", "D": "心力贮备"}, "answer": "心力贮备", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,28岁。枕部着地,昏迷5分钟后清醒,并自己回到家中,其后出现头痛并逐渐加重伴呕吐,1小时候不省人事,急送医院。查体:BP 160/90mmHg,脉率65次/分,呼吸15次/分。浅昏迷,右枕部头皮挫伤,左侧瞳孔4mm,对光反应消失;右侧瞳孔2.5mm,对光反应存在。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅脑肿瘤", "B": "颅内血肿", "C": "蛛网膜下腔出血", "D": "脑挫伤"}, "answer": "颅内血肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.二尖瓣关闭不全(  )。", "options": {"A": "心率小于脉率", "B": "心室律绝对不规则", "C": "心尖部3/6级收缩期杂音", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "心尖部3/6级收缩期杂音", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "尿激酶属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗血小板药", "B": "抗贫血药", "C": "纤维蛋白溶解药", "D": "抗凝血药"}, "answer": "纤维蛋白溶解药", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩,3岁。自幼人工喂养,食欲差,有时腹泻,身高85cm,体重7500g,皮肤干燥、苍白,腹部皮下脂肪厚度约0.3cm,脉搏缓慢,心音较低钝。1.其主要诊断应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症", "B": "营养性贫血", "C": "营养不良", "D": "心功能不全"}, "answer": "营养不良", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.瘘管(  )。", "options": {"A": "具有两端开口的病理性通道", "B": "只有一端开口的盲管", "C": "单个毛囊发生的化脓性炎", "D": "多个毛囊发生的化脓性炎"}, "answer": "具有两端开口的病理性通道", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "传染病的治疗原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病原治疗和消毒隔离", "B": "治疗、护理和消毒隔离", "C": "一般治疗和特效治疗", "D": "病原治疗、康复治疗和中药治疗"}, "answer": "治疗、护理和消毒隔离", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,48岁,肝硬化5年。近1年来明显腹胀,尿少,食欲下降,下肢水肿,遂来我院。查体:一般情况差,腹膨隆,可见腹壁静脉曲张,移动性浊音阳性。1.该患者还可能出现的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "剑突下可闻静脉“营营”音", "B": "肝浊音界消失", "C": "肠鸣音亢进", "D": "腹膜刺激征"}, "answer": "剑突下可闻静脉“营营”音", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "35岁男性,右膝关节内侧疼痛,肿胀半年,曾在外院拍X片,见有胫骨上端内侧有一5cm×4cm大小透光区,中间有肥皂泡沫阴影,骨端膨大。近1月来肿胀明显加重,夜间疼痛难忍,右膝关节活动受限。入院后X线片是胫骨上端病变扩大,肥皂泡沫阴影,呈云雾状阴影,病变侵入软组织。3.复查的最重要的项目是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血尿常规", "B": "胸部X线检查", "C": "血碱性磷酸酶测定", "D": "尿本周蛋白测定"}, "answer": "胸部X线检查", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.氯丙嗪(  )。", "options": {"A": "阻断D1、D2受体", "B": "使突触间隙的NA浓度下降", "C": "阻断N型胆碱受体", "D": "对心肌有奎尼丁样作用"}, "answer": "阻断D1、D2受体", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.必须监测出凝血状况的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡托普利", "B": "双嘧达莫(潘生丁)", "C": "低分子肝素", "D": "呋塞米(速尿)"}, "answer": "低分子肝素", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者已确诊为艾滋病,为了防止其感染其他人,应采取的措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸道隔离", "B": "饮食隔离", "C": "严格管理病人的排泄物,医用器械", "D": "注射疫苗"}, "answer": "严格管理病人的排泄物,医用器械", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "初孕妇,24岁。规律宫缩12小时,羊膜囊完整,胎头S+1,胎心140次/分,对该患者的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即行人工破膜", "B": "无需处理", "C": "立即剖宫产", "D": "会阴剪切"}, "answer": "立即行人工破膜", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心动周期中,左室内压升高速率最快的时相是(  )。", "options": {"A": "快速射血期", "B": "等容收缩期", "C": "心房收缩期", "D": "快速充盈期"}, "answer": "等容收缩期", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "合成甘油磷脂的酶系存在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "仅在肝", "B": "仅在肾", "C": "仅在肠", "D": "全身各组织细胞"}, "answer": "全身各组织细胞", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "注射青霉素过敏引起的过敏性休克属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "副作用", "B": "应激效应", "C": "毒性反应", "D": "变态反应"}, "answer": "变态反应", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在激活B细胞产生抗体过程中,哪种抗原物质有T细胞和单核巨噬细胞参与?(  )", "options": {"A": "TD-Ag", "B": "TI-Ag", "C": "半抗原", "D": "共同抗原"}, "answer": "TD-Ag", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.弥漫性毛细血管内增生性肾炎的特点(  )。", "options": {"A": "少尿、水肿、高血压", "B": "脓尿", "C": "无痛性血尿", "D": "肾病综合征"}, "answer": "少尿、水肿、高血压", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于免疫应答的调节,下列哪项是错误的(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫应答的调节涉及分子、细胞、整体及群体等不同水平", "B": "免疫调节的机制决定了免疫应答发生及反应的强弱", "C": "免疫应答不受遗传基因的制约", "D": "免疫调节机制失控或异常可导致免疫疾病的发生"}, "answer": "免疫应答不受遗传基因的制约", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "人体合成尿素的重要器官是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑", "B": "肾", "C": "肝", "D": "心"}, "answer": "肝", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,56岁,G4P2。绝经5年,阴道脱出肿物4年,脱出肿物增大3个月。不能自行回缩,伴排尿困难。妇科检查见宫颈及部分宫体已脱出于阴道口外。妇科超声及泌尿系统超声均未提示异常。适宜的处理为(  )。", "options": {"A": "经腹圆韧带缩短术", "B": "阴道半封闭术", "C": "盆底修复及子宫切除术", "D": "Manchester手术"}, "answer": "盆底修复及子宫切除术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,1岁,智能落后,表情呆滞,鼻梁低。舌宽大并常伸出口外,皮肤苍黄、粗糙,四肢粗短,腱反射减弱。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Down综合征(21-三体综合征)", "B": "软骨发育不良", "C": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症", "D": "苯丙酮尿症"}, "answer": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哪个年龄组小儿腹泻发病率高?(  )", "options": {"A": "3~4岁", "B": "6个月~2岁", "C": "3~5个月", "D": "<3个月"}, "answer": "6个月~2岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "氯霉素首选用于治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤寒、副伤寒", "B": "支原体肺炎", "C": "军团病", "D": "百日咳"}, "answer": "伤寒、副伤寒", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "血清铁蛋白低于多少提示有缺铁(  )。", "options": {"A": "194~238μg/L", "B": "100~200μg/L", "C": "18~91μg/L", "D": "12μg/L以下"}, "answer": "12μg/L以下", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肠伤寒最严重的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中毒性心肌炎", "B": "肠出血", "C": "肠穿孔", "D": "脑炎"}, "answer": "肠穿孔", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "病人安于已适应的角色,小病大养,该出院而不愿意出院,此时病人的状态属于角色行为(  )。", "options": {"A": "减退", "B": "冲突", "C": "强化", "D": "异常"}, "answer": "强化", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "结核性脑膜炎常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "全身粟粒性结核感染", "B": "脑实质结核病灶破溃", "C": "乳突结核灶直接蔓延至脑膜", "D": "3岁以上小儿"}, "answer": "全身粟粒性结核感染", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是限制性内切酶的作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "切开变性的DNA", "B": "切开错配的DNA", "C": "特异切开双链DNA", "D": "连接断开的单链DNA"}, "answer": "特异切开双链DNA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,35岁,右膝关节内侧疼痛、肿胀半年,曾在外院摄X线片,见右胫骨上端内侧有一5cm×4cm大小透光区,中间有肥皂泡沫阴影,骨端膨大。近1个月来肿胀明显加重,夜间疼痛难忍,右膝关节活动受限。入院后X线摄片示胫骨上端病变扩大,肥皂泡沫阴影消失,呈云雾状阴影,病变侵入软组织。4.上述病人若病变处于早期阶段,治疗应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "病灶刮除+植骨", "B": "瘤段切除,植骨", "C": "瘤段切除,假体植入", "D": "病灶不处理,严密观察"}, "answer": "病灶刮除+植骨", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某男,45岁,双眼睑下垂6~7天,逐渐加重,近一两天四肢或活动无力,晨起轻,下午重,休息后减轻,活动后加重,诊断:重症肌无力,对该病人最好用哪种药物治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "毛果芸香碱", "B": "毒扁豆碱", "C": "新斯的明", "D": "阿托品"}, "answer": "新斯的明", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1岁6个月男孩,因间断咳嗽1周就诊,每日呕吐1~2次胃内容物。患儿是第一胎足月顺产儿,生后母乳喂养至今,未添加辅食。平时易患“肺炎、肠炎”。查体:精神萎靡,营养差,体重5.9kg,身长75cm,前囟已闭,心肺(-),皮肤弹性差,皮下脂肪消失,四肢肌张力低下,活动尚可,神志尚清。2.此患儿不会出现的现象是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖代谢失常,发生低血糖", "B": "脂肪代谢失常,出现高胆固醇血症", "C": "伴发维生素A缺乏症", "D": "特异性免疫功能低下"}, "answer": "脂肪代谢失常,出现高胆固醇血症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胆色素是体内的代谢废物,以下物质属于胆色素的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆固醇", "B": "胆汁酸", "C": "胆红素和胆绿素", "D": "胆汁"}, "answer": "胆红素和胆绿素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "支气管肺炎合并呼吸性酸中毒的原因有(  )。", "options": {"A": "CO2滞留", "B": "饥饿", "C": "需氧代谢障碍", "D": "吐泻"}, "answer": "CO2滞留", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,女,6岁。因眼睑与下肢水肿1周,咳嗽伴喘憋1天入院。查体:血压130/96mmHg,半卧位,呼吸急促,眼睑及双下肢肿胀,心率135次/min,律齐,心音有力,双肺底部可闻及细小水泡音,肝肋下3.5cm。此患儿诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾炎合并肺炎", "B": "支气管肺炎合并心衰", "C": "肺炎支原体肺炎", "D": "急性肾炎合并循环充血"}, "answer": "急性肾炎合并循环充血", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,65岁,肥胖,血压升高10年,最高达160/90mmHg。近1周来,在早晨锻炼时出现胸骨后压榨性疼痛,伴有窒息感,疼痛约持续5分钟左右。急送医院检查心电图发现Ⅰ、Ⅱ、aVF、V5、V6导联ST段水平型压低0.1mV,T波倒置。应首先考虑诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏神经官能症", "B": "心绞痛", "C": "肋间神经痛", "D": "急性心肌梗死"}, "answer": "心绞痛", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2岁女孩,体检发现胸骨左缘第2~3肋间Ⅱ~Ⅲ级收缩期杂音,肺动脉瓣区第2音亢进,伴固定性分裂。该患儿的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉导管未闭", "B": "房间隔缺损", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "肺动脉瓣狭窄"}, "answer": "房间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.NK细胞的表面分子(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD3", "B": "KIR", "C": "MHC-Ⅱ", "D": "IL-2"}, "answer": "KIR", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "大动脉硬化时血压的变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "收缩压升高,舒张压降低", "B": "收缩压降低,舒张压升高", "C": "收缩压降低,舒张压不变", "D": "收缩压和舒张压变化都不大"}, "answer": "收缩压升高,舒张压降低", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.属自然被动免疫的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "经胎盘、初乳获得免疫", "B": "经注射抗毒素获得免疫", "C": "经接种疫苗获得免疫", "D": "经隐性感染或患病后获得免疫"}, "answer": "经胎盘、初乳获得免疫", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "腹膜炎患者应进行手术探查的情况不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹痛和腹膜刺激征有进行性加重或范围扩大", "B": "红细胞计数进行性下降者", "C": "出现明显腹胀", "D": "白细胞计数下降者"}, "answer": "白细胞计数下降者", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.EGF是(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经递质", "B": "旁分泌的激素", "C": "细胞因子", "D": "谷胱甘肽"}, "answer": "细胞因子", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "诊断慢性血管内溶血的重要依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脾肿大", "B": "贫血与黄疸", "C": "血红蛋白尿", "D": "尿含铁血黄素阳性"}, "answer": "尿含铁血黄素阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,68岁。2年前出现过短暂的意识混浊,清醒后有几天听到空中有人在向他打招呼,思维迟缓,情感脆弱,几周后症状明显减轻。近半年来类似症状发作过2次,记忆力明显减退。头颅MRI示大脑多发性腔隙性梗死。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "血管性痴呆", "C": "癫痫所致精神障碍", "D": "抑郁发作"}, "answer": "血管性痴呆", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "升结肠癌的主要表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "便秘", "B": "便血", "C": "贫血", "D": "腹泻"}, "answer": "贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.衣原体细胞外的感染型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "始体", "B": "原体", "C": "内基小体", "D": "革兰阳性圆形体"}, "answer": "原体", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对《中华人民共和国执业医师法》的适用范围描述最全面的一项是(  )。", "options": {"A": "依法取得执业医师资格的人", "B": "依法取得执业医师资格或者执业助理医师资格的专业医务人员", "C": "依法取得执业医师资格或者执业助理医师资格,在医疗机构中执业的专业医务人员", "D": "依法取得执业医师资格或者执业助理医师资格,经注册在医疗、预防、保健机构中执业的专业医务人员"}, "answer": "依法取得执业医师资格或者执业助理医师资格,经注册在医疗、预防、保健机构中执业的专业医务人员", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肾病综合征时,组织水肿主要是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "组织液胶体渗透压增高", "B": "血浆胶体渗透压降低", "C": "淋巴回流受阻", "D": "毛细血管壁通透性增加"}, "answer": "血浆胶体渗透压降低", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,55岁。皮肤黄染进行性加重1个月,10天前发现小便呈浓茶样,近几天来大便呈灰白色。查体:T 36.8℃,皮肤、巩膜黄染,腹软,右上腹可触及肿大的胆囊,无压痛,无反跳痛。2.该患者手术治疗后第4天发生上腹部剧烈疼痛,腹腔引流量明显增加,引流液淀粉酶15000U/L。病人最有可能发生的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胰瘘", "B": "急性胰腺炎", "C": "肠系膜血栓形成", "D": "胆瘘"}, "answer": "胰瘘", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.由一条多肽链组成而具有多种不同催化功能的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单体酶", "B": "单纯酶", "C": "寡聚酶", "D": "多功能酶"}, "answer": "多功能酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "COPD气道炎症最主要的效应细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肥大细胞", "B": "嗜酸性粒细胞", "C": "中性粒细胞", "D": "巨噬细胞"}, "answer": "中性粒细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,60岁。背部无痛性肿块5年,约鸽蛋大小,未见增大。查体:右肩胛下皮下一圆形肿块,直径约3.5cm,与皮肤粘连,表面有黑头,质稍硬,无压痛,边界清。其最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮脂囊肿", "B": "畸胎瘤", "C": "鳞状细胞癌", "D": "脂肪瘤"}, "answer": "皮脂囊肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,43岁。肝炎肝硬化病史15年,反复少尿、腹胀1年,一周来腹痛伴低热。腹水常规:比重1.017,蛋白28g/L,细胞总数920×106/L,白细胞800×106/L,多形核细胞0.80。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "门静脉血栓形成", "B": "结核性腹膜炎", "C": "原发性肝癌", "D": "自发性腹膜炎"}, "answer": "自发性腹膜炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有一名30岁男性患者,病程4个月,头痛发作入院。入院前出现左侧肢体无力和呕吐。入院查体:意识清,眼底视乳头水肿,左上下肢肌力Ⅳ级,腱反射活跃,病理征(+)。5.采用的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑电图", "B": "脑血管造影", "C": "CT", "D": "ESCT"}, "answer": "CT", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肾糖阈是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿中开始出现葡萄糖时的血糖浓度", "B": "肾小球开始滤过葡萄糖时的血糖浓度", "C": "肾小管吸收葡萄糖的最大能力", "D": "肾小球开始滤过葡萄糖的临界尿糖浓度"}, "answer": "尿中开始出现葡萄糖时的血糖浓度", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有关足月新生儿病理性黄疸的特点错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生后24小时内出现黄疸", "B": "黄疸持续时间>2周", "C": "黄疸退而复现", "D": "血清结合胆红素<34μmol/L"}, "answer": "血清结合胆红素<34μmol/L", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "广泛的下肢深静脉血栓形成最严重的并发症为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺栓塞", "B": "下肢溃疡", "C": "伴动脉痉挛、肢体缺血", "D": "心肌梗死"}, "answer": "肺栓塞", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于HLAⅡ类分子的叙述,下列错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "由HLA—DP、HLA—DQ、HLA—DR基因编码", "B": "Tc杀伤靶细胞时必须同时识别的结构", "C": "Th识别抗原时必须识别的结构", "D": "活化的T细胞表面可表达HLAⅡ类分子"}, "answer": "Tc杀伤靶细胞时必须同时识别的结构", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "最常引起代谢性碱中毒的电解质紊乱是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低钾血症", "B": "高钾血症", "C": "低钙血症", "D": "高钠血症"}, "answer": "低钾血症", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,60岁。性交接触性出血4月余,妇科检查:外阴阴道未见异常,宫颈肥大糜烂、质脆,子宫及双附件未见异常。2.病理检查报告宫颈鳞状细胞异型性增生,占宫颈上皮全层2/3以上,伴人乳头瘤病毒感染,此例应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "CIN Ⅰ", "B": "CIN Ⅱ", "C": "CIN Ⅲ", "D": "宫颈癌"}, "answer": "CIN Ⅲ", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于破伤风的描述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈部肌肉强烈收缩最早出现", "B": "光线不能诱发全身肌肉抽搐", "C": "严重者神志不清", "D": "可出现尿潴留"}, "answer": "可出现尿潴留", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.菌痢的病变部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化道主要病变部位是胃十二指肠", "B": "消化道主要病变部位是小肠", "C": "消化道主要病变部位是盲肠结肠", "D": "消化道主要病变部位是结肠"}, "answer": "消化道主要病变部位是结肠", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.肺动脉狭窄X线检查可见(  )。", "options": {"A": "右房、右室大", "B": "左房、左室大", "C": "左、右室大、左房也大", "D": "右室大"}, "answer": "右室大", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项不是病人的义务?(  )", "options": {"A": "避免将疾病传播他人", "B": "如实提供病情和有关信息", "C": "不可以拒绝医学科研试验", "D": "在医师指导下对治疗做出负责的决定并与医师合作执行"}, "answer": "不可以拒绝医学科研试验", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "最有可能引起副肿瘤综合征的肺癌类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小细胞癌", "B": "鳞状细胞癌", "C": "腺鳞癌", "D": "肉瘤样癌"}, "answer": "小细胞癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于乳房纤维腺瘤说法错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "约占乳房良性肿瘤的3/4", "B": "好发于20~25岁女性", "C": "发病原因与乳腺小叶内纤维细胞对雌激素的敏感性异常增高有关", "D": "月经周期对肿块大小影响较大"}, "answer": "月经周期对肿块大小影响较大", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.结核病(  )。", "options": {"A": "属Ⅱ型超敏反应性疾病", "B": "属Ⅲ型超敏反应性疾病", "C": "属Ⅳ型超敏反应性疾病", "D": "不属于超敏反应性疾病"}, "answer": "属Ⅳ型超敏反应性疾病", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有关胸内压的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一般情况下是负压", "B": "胸内负压有利于静脉回流", "C": "使肺维持一定的扩张程度", "D": "产生气胸时负压增大"}, "answer": "产生气胸时负压增大", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,23岁。心尖区可闻及收缩中晚期吹风样杂音及喀喇音,超声心动图可见二尖瓣前叶CD段呈吊床样波形。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "二尖瓣狭窄", "B": "二尖瓣关闭不全", "C": "主动脉瓣关闭不全", "D": "二尖瓣脱垂"}, "answer": "二尖瓣脱垂", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心动周期中左室容积最大的时期是(  )。", "options": {"A": "快速射血期末", "B": "快速充盈期末", "C": "减慢射血期末", "D": "房缩期末"}, "answer": "房缩期末", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性肾小球肾炎的临床表现中,下列哪项是最常见和必不可少的?(  )", "options": {"A": "水肿", "B": "镜下血尿", "C": "高血压", "D": "肾功能损害"}, "answer": "镜下血尿", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某医师为不得罪同事,将病人严格区分为“你的”和“我的”,对其他医师所负责的病人一概不闻不问,即使同事出现严重失误,也是如此。这种做法违反下列哪条道德原则?(  )", "options": {"A": "彼此独立、互相支持和帮助", "B": "彼此信任、互相协作和监督", "C": "彼此独立、互相协作和监督", "D": "彼此平等、互相协作和监督"}, "answer": "彼此信任、互相协作和监督", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对重症急性胰腺炎的诊断最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿淀粉酶", "B": "腹部增强CT", "C": "血淀粉酶", "D": "血清脂肪酶"}, "answer": "腹部增强CT", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪条血管闭塞可引起延髓背外侧综合征?(  )", "options": {"A": "大脑中动脉", "B": "大脑后动脉", "C": "椎动脉或小脑下后动脉", "D": "后交通动脉"}, "answer": "椎动脉或小脑下后动脉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某病人,将墙上的污点看成众多蚊子,遂拍打。这种症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "幻视", "B": "错视", "C": "非真实感", "D": "视物变形症"}, "answer": "错视", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.胆红素在肝细胞内存在形式(  )。", "options": {"A": "硫酸胆红素", "B": "胆红素-清蛋白", "C": "胆红素-配体蛋白", "D": "胆素原族"}, "answer": "胆红素-配体蛋白", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.B细胞分化增殖的场所是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓", "B": "淋巴结", "C": "胸腺", "D": "脾"}, "answer": "骨髓", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.患者长期反复持续大量饮酒,不饮酒或少饮酒时即身体难受、出汗、手哆嗦(  )。", "options": {"A": "躯体依赖", "B": "耐受性", "C": "戒断综合征", "D": "急性酒精中毒"}, "answer": "戒断综合征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "判断肺血栓栓塞患者需要溶栓治疗的主要依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "出现呼吸衰竭", "B": "存在体循环功能障碍", "C": "出现右心功能异常", "D": "合并下肢深静脉血栓"}, "answer": "出现右心功能异常", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.亚急性甲状腺炎伴甲亢(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺疼痛", "B": "甲状腺触诊质硬", "C": "多见于老年人", "D": "宜手术治疗"}, "answer": "甲状腺疼痛", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某县医院妇产科医师欲开展结扎手术业务,按照规定参加了相关培训。培训结束后,有关单位负责对其进行了考核并颁发给相应的合格证书。该有关单位是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "地方卫生行政部门", "B": "卫生部", "C": "地方医学会", "D": "所在医疗保健机构"}, "answer": "地方卫生行政部门", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.外观矮小,全身比例匀称是(  )。", "options": {"A": "佝偻病", "B": "软骨发育不全", "C": "垂体性侏儒症", "D": "先天性巨结肠"}, "answer": "垂体性侏儒症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "能够通过胎盘的免疫球蛋白是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgA", "B": "IgD", "C": "IgG", "D": "IgE"}, "answer": "IgG", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不是促进慢性肾炎恶化因素的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾脏基础病变活动", "B": "高血压", "C": "高脂血症", "D": "遗传因素"}, "answer": "遗传因素", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,48岁。因胆道梗阻,并发休克入院。使用去甲肾上腺素升压血压不易维持,波动较大,应用氢化可的松后血压升高并维持平稳,治疗3天时,患者出现精神失常,躁狂。2.加用氢化可的松后,去甲肾上腺素升压作用增强的这种现象是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖皮质激素的允许作用", "B": "两种药物作用的协同", "C": "糖皮质激素的抗感染作用", "D": "两种药物作用的叠加"}, "answer": "糖皮质激素的允许作用", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.低剂量TD-Ag(  )。", "options": {"A": "引起T细胞免疫耐受", "B": "不引起免疫耐受", "C": "引起T、B细胞免疫耐受", "D": "引起免疫抑制"}, "answer": "引起T细胞免疫耐受", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "慢性风湿性瓣膜病中联合瓣膜病变常发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "三尖瓣和主动脉瓣", "B": "二尖瓣和主动脉瓣", "C": "二尖瓣和三尖瓣", "D": "三尖瓣和肺动脉瓣"}, "answer": "二尖瓣和主动脉瓣", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性肾功不全是哪型钩端螺旋体病的常见死亡原因(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺出血型", "B": "单纯型(流感伤寒型)", "C": "黄疸出血型", "D": "胸膜炎型"}, "answer": "黄疸出血型", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "青霉素G的主要不良反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "过敏", "B": "听力减退", "C": "肝损害", "D": "胃肠道反应"}, "answer": "过敏", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.TAT是一种(  )。", "options": {"A": "死疫苗", "B": "活疫苗", "C": "抗毒素", "D": "丙种球蛋白"}, "answer": "抗毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于P与O比值的叙述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "指每消耗1mol氧分子所消耗的无机磷的摩尔数", "B": "指每消耗1mol氧原子所消耗的无机磷的摩尔数", "C": "P与O比值不能反映物质氧化时生成ATP的数目", "D": "P与O比值反映物质氧化时所产生的NAD+的数目"}, "answer": "指每消耗1mol氧原子所消耗的无机磷的摩尔数", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,50岁。胃大部切除术后3天出血,阵发性腹痛、腹胀,无肛门排气,生命体征平稳。最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹腔内血肿形成", "B": "肠系膜血管缺血性疾病", "C": "肠扭转", "D": "手术后肠蠕动功能失调"}, "answer": "手术后肠蠕动功能失调", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.对各型癫痫都有效的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙琥胺", "B": "苯妥英钠", "C": "地西泮", "D": "氯硝西泮"}, "answer": "氯硝西泮", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有关脑挫裂伤的意识障碍,下列哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "受伤当时立即出现", "B": "意识障碍的程度和时间与挫裂伤程度无直接关系", "C": "重症者可长期昏迷", "D": "少数局限的脑挫裂伤可不出现早期的意识障碍"}, "answer": "意识障碍的程度和时间与挫裂伤程度无直接关系", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项组合不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "急粒白血病——可见Auer小体", "B": "M3型白血病——t(15;17)", "C": "急淋白血病——过氧化物酶阳性", "D": "慢淋白血病——以成熟小淋巴细胞为主"}, "answer": "急淋白血病——过氧化物酶阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "室间隔损、房间隔缺损、动脉导管未闭及法洛四联症,上述的先天性心脏病患儿平时最常见的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎", "B": "喉返神经麻痹", "C": "心律失常", "D": "脑栓塞"}, "answer": "肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "呼气储备量等于下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺活量-深呼气量", "B": "补吸气量", "C": "肺活量-深吸气量", "D": "肺活量-吸气贮备量"}, "answer": "肺活量-深吸气量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某患者,因欲自杀服有机磷农药,被发现后,急送医院,查体:昏迷状态、呼吸困难、皮肤湿冷、双瞳孔如针尖大小。1.该患入院给予洗胃最好选用哪一种洗胃液?(  )", "options": {"A": "硫酸酮溶液", "B": "1:5000高锰酸钾液", "C": "NaHC03水", "D": "清水"}, "answer": "NaHC03水", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,35岁。间断咳嗽、咳痰伴咯血20年。行HRCT检查示右中叶支气管囊状扩张,其余肺叶未见异常。今日再次咯血,量约200ml,给予静脉滴注垂体后叶素治疗,效果欠佳。该患者宜选择的最佳治疗措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "换用酚妥拉明静脉滴注", "B": "支气管动脉栓塞", "C": "支气管镜下止血", "D": "手术切除病变肺叶"}, "answer": "支气管镜下止血", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.可引起干咳的降压药(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡托普利", "B": "硝苯地平", "C": "倍他乐克(美托洛尔)", "D": "哌唑嗪"}, "answer": "卡托普利", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,45岁。进食高脂餐并饮酒后上腹持续疼痛8小时,呕吐2次后疼痛无缓解。查体:T 37.8℃,上腹偏左压痛、反跳痛阳性。1.最有诊断意义的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清脂肪酶", "B": "血常规", "C": "血清淀粉酶", "D": "心电图"}, "answer": "血清淀粉酶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.乳腺导管内癌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癌前病变", "B": "原位癌", "C": "良性增生", "D": "浸润性癌"}, "answer": "原位癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "最有助于感染性心内膜炎诊断的实验室检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血培养", "B": "尿常规", "C": "血常规", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "血培养", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,40岁。患十二指肠溃疡,择期经上腹正中切口行胃大部切除术,并置切口内乳胶片引流。1.一般拔除引流片的时间为(  )。", "options": {"A": "术后1~2天", "B": "术后3~24天", "C": "术后5~26天", "D": "术后7~28天"}, "answer": "术后1~2天", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "伤口附近出现“红线”是(  )。", "options": {"A": "深层静脉炎", "B": "浅层静脉炎", "C": "浅层管状淋巴管炎", "D": "深层管状淋巴管炎"}, "answer": "浅层管状淋巴管炎", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.巨人症是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "先天性甲状腺机能不足", "B": "长期大量服用糖皮质激素", "C": "甲状腺手术误切除甲状旁腺", "D": "幼年时腺垂体肿瘤"}, "answer": "幼年时腺垂体肿瘤", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对病人保密的要求应考虑除外(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人不良的病情预后", "B": "病人不良的病情诊断", "C": "病人所需特殊检查", "D": "医师同事的医疗差错"}, "answer": "病人所需特殊检查", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "宫颈上皮内癌变Ⅲ级发展至浸润癌需要的时间为(  )。", "options": {"A": "2年", "B": "5~10年", "C": "10~15年", "D": "15~20年"}, "answer": "5~10年", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医学道德的意识现象和活动现象之间的关系是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可以互相代替的", "B": "互不相干", "C": "可以割裂的", "D": "相互依存、相互渗透,不可分割的"}, "answer": "相互依存、相互渗透,不可分割的", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "28岁,孕34周,10天前开始感觉乏力,食欲差,近5天病情加重,伴呕吐,巩膜发黄,神志欠清而入院,血压135/90mmHg,ALT 35U/L,胆红素176μmol/L,尿蛋白(+)。2.最佳诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "妊娠脂肪肝", "B": "妊娠高血压肝损害", "C": "药物性肝损害", "D": "妊娠合并重症肝炎"}, "answer": "妊娠合并重症肝炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在HBV感染中,其免疫病理机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅰ、Ⅱ型超敏反应", "B": "Ⅰ、Ⅳ型超敏反应", "C": "Ⅱ、Ⅲ及Ⅳ型超敏反应", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "Ⅱ、Ⅲ及Ⅳ型超敏反应", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "破伤风最先出现典型的肌肉强烈收缩是(  )。", "options": {"A": "咬肌", "B": "面肌", "C": "颈项肌", "D": "背腹肌"}, "answer": "咬肌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男孩,1岁半。平日偏食,常有腹泻、咳嗽,已会独立行走,玩耍正常。近2个月来面色苍黄,逗之不笑,时有头部、肢体颤抖。不能独站。外周血象:血红蛋白100 g/L,红细胞2.5×1012/L,自细胞4×109/L,中性粒细胞分叶过多。本例可诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "营养不良伴低钙血症", "B": "慢性腹泻伴低钙血症", "C": "缺铁性贫血伴低钙血症", "D": "营养性巨幼细胞贫血"}, "answer": "营养性巨幼细胞贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪种现象中,存在着正反馈(  )。", "options": {"A": "腱反射", "B": "减压反射", "C": "排尿反射", "D": "双侧伸肌反射"}, "answer": "排尿反射", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医务人员在确定辅助检查项目后,必须做到(  )。", "options": {"A": "只要有益于治疗,医生可以做出决定", "B": "使病人知情同意,要告知病人(或家属),尊重被检查者", "C": "向病人解释清楚检查的危险性", "D": "因治病需要,无需向病人说明检查项目的经济负担"}, "answer": "使病人知情同意,要告知病人(或家属),尊重被检查者", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述情况哪一种不属艾滋病4期内容?(  )", "options": {"A": "无症状感染", "B": "前驱期", "C": "持续性全身淋巴结肿大综合征", "D": "艾滋病"}, "answer": "前驱期", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "8岁男孩,右小腿轻微外伤后发冷、发热(39.5℃)5天,右小腿上端肿胀、剧痛,局部皮温高,肤色正常,白细胞计数25×109/L,X线片未见明显变化,局部穿刺,针达骨膜下时抽出黄色脓汁,首先应考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "化脓性膝关节炎", "B": "急性蜂窝组织炎", "C": "化脓性骨髓炎", "D": "滑囊炎感染"}, "answer": "化脓性骨髓炎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "精神分析的人格结构理论为(  )。", "options": {"A": "本我、自我、他我", "B": "本我、自我、超我", "C": "本能、现实、理想", "D": "自我、超我、他我"}, "answer": "本我、自我、超我", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪一种不是致癌因子?(  )", "options": {"A": "硒", "B": "亚硝胺", "C": "二甲基氨基偶氮苯", "D": "3,4-苯并芘"}, "answer": "硒", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.刻板言语(  )。", "options": {"A": "联想过程缺乏一定方向,概念间缺乏内在联系", "B": "大脑中反复出现的观念,明知不必要,却摆脱不了,感到非常痛苦", "C": "持续地重复某一单调的语句", "D": "缺乏事实依据,患者却坚信不疑的病理信念"}, "answer": "持续地重复某一单调的语句", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "10个月患者,已在当地医院诊断为佝偻病活动期,给予治疗,效果不好,为下一步判定诊断是否正确,不需要做下述哪些检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "测血清钙、磷", "B": "腕部X线摄片", "C": "血常规", "D": "体格检查"}, "answer": "血常规", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.28岁,未孕。继发性痛经5年,子宫右后方7cm囊肿,按压有压痛。最佳的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "药物治疗", "B": "保留生育功能手术", "C": "根治性手术", "D": "无需处理"}, "answer": "保留生育功能手术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.肠道重吸收的胆色素(  )。", "options": {"A": "硫酸胆红素", "B": "胆红素-清蛋白", "C": "胆红素葡萄糖醛酸酯", "D": "胆素原族"}, "answer": "胆素原族", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "知觉是对客观事物哪种属性的反映?(  )", "options": {"A": "个别", "B": "整体", "C": "主要", "D": "特定"}, "answer": "整体", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.细胞表面BCR复合与蛋白质抗原结合可(  )。", "options": {"A": "诱导B细胞活化,但无需Th细胞辅助", "B": "为B细胞活化的初级信号传导分子", "C": "产生增强的免疫应答,分泌高亲和力抗体", "D": "产生活化第一信号,需Th细胞辅助,诱导B细胞活化"}, "answer": "产生活化第一信号,需Th细胞辅助,诱导B细胞活化", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "哪型股骨颈骨折最易引起股骨头坏死?(  )。", "options": {"A": "股骨头下骨折", "B": "经股骨颈骨折", "C": "外展骨折", "D": "CardenI型"}, "answer": "股骨头下骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "风湿热的临床主要表现有(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热关节痛", "B": "皮下小结", "C": "抗链球菌抗体增高", "D": "血沉增快"}, "answer": "皮下小结", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "帕金森病的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑干网状结构胆碱能系统受损", "B": "低位脑干5-羟色胺能系统受损", "C": "中脑黑质多巴胺能系统受损", "D": "纹状体GABA能系统受损"}, "answer": "中脑黑质多巴胺能系统受损", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.分泌胃液中H+的细胞为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃壁细胞", "B": "胃主细胞", "C": "小肠上部S细胞", "D": "胃窦粘膜G细胞"}, "answer": "胃壁细胞", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "锁骨骨折常用的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "手法复位,夹板固定", "B": "手法复位,石膏外固定", "C": "牵引治疗", "D": "手法复位,横“8”字绷带固定"}, "answer": "手法复位,横“8”字绷带固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于转氨基作用的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体内有多种转氨酶", "B": "可以合成非必需氨基酸", "C": "转氨酶主要分布于细胞内,血清中活性很低", "D": "磷酸吡哆醛作为转氨酶的辅酶接转氨基"}, "answer": "磷酸吡哆醛作为转氨酶的辅酶接转氨基", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "14个月男婴,牛奶和稀粥喂养,近2个月腹泻不愈,食欲欠佳,时而自食墙皮或泥块,皮肤黏膜渐苍白,肝脾轻度肿大,Hb 60g/L,RBC 3.5×1012/L。最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生理性贫血", "B": "再生障碍性贫血", "C": "营养性缺铁性贫血", "D": "营养性巨幼细胞性贫血"}, "answer": "营养性缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.通过释放NO松弛血管平滑肌而发挥抗心绞痛作用的药物(  )。", "options": {"A": "硝酸甘油", "B": "硝苯地平", "C": "普萘洛尔", "D": "维拉帕米"}, "answer": "硝酸甘油", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医患关系建立的原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "疾病性质和病人年龄", "B": "疾病性质和病人的人格特征", "C": "病人的文化程度和情绪反应", "D": "病人的社会地位和经济状况"}, "answer": "疾病性质和病人的人格特征", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列疾病无痛经的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "无排卵性功血", "B": "子宫腺肌病", "C": "子宫内膜异位症", "D": "慢性盆腔炎"}, "answer": "无排卵性功血", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于温度感受器的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤、黏膜均古有冷、热感受器", "B": "外周温度感受器对温度的变化速率更为敏感", "C": "视前区-下丘脑前部中以热敏神经元较多", "D": "脑组织局部温度变动0.3℃以上温度敏感神经元的放电频率才会发生改变"}, "answer": "脑组织局部温度变动0.3℃以上温度敏感神经元的放电频率才会发生改变", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.脑桥(  )。", "options": {"A": "大脑中动脉供血", "B": "大脑后动脉供血", "C": "基底动脉供血", "D": "椎动脉供血"}, "answer": "基底动脉供血", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,哺乳期,右乳内发现4cm大硬块,疼痛已2天,多为(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳癌", "B": "急性乳房炎", "C": "炎性乳癌", "D": "乳房囊性增生病"}, "answer": "急性乳房炎", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有一名病人,确诊为脑挫裂伤,哪一项不是诊断脑挫伤的依据?(  )", "options": {"A": "意识障碍超过30分钟", "B": "可表现局灶脑损伤体征", "C": "脑脊液鼻漏", "D": "CT示有额部点状高密度灶"}, "answer": "脑脊液鼻漏", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "符合原核细胞型微生物的说法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞核中有核膜、核仁", "B": "以真菌为代表", "C": "细胞器很不完善只有核糖体", "D": "DNA与RNA不同时存在"}, "answer": "细胞器很不完善只有核糖体", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对浅表和深部真菌都有效的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "二性霉素B", "B": "酮康唑", "C": "制霉菌素", "D": "红霉素"}, "answer": "酮康唑", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5.患者畏寒、高热,腰痛及肿块,考虑诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性前列腺炎", "B": "急性附睾炎", "C": "膀胱炎", "D": "肾积脓"}, "answer": "肾积脓", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.大叶性肺炎渗出物清除不完全时可并发的病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺肉质变", "B": "肺脓肿", "C": "早期肺门淋巴结病变", "D": "蜂窝肺"}, "answer": "肺肉质变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,30岁,在家属陪同下首次来门诊看病,精神检查发现有妄想症状。2.如果这位病人诊断是抑郁症,其妄想特点应该是(  )。", "options": {"A": "妄想多是自罪或疑病的内容", "B": "是一种原发性妄想", "C": "妄想的产生与情绪低落无关", "D": "妄想内容荒谬离奇,内容自相矛盾"}, "answer": "妄想多是自罪或疑病的内容", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在下列选项中,不属于医学伦理学的基本原则的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不伤害原则", "B": "人道原则", "C": "有利原则", "D": "尊重原则"}, "answer": "人道原则", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列对短暂性脑缺血发作的描述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "局灶性脑缺血导致突发性短暂性可逆性神经功能障碍", "B": "症状发作常持续数分钟,多在30分钟内完全恢复", "C": "本病不会超过24小时", "D": "本病在发作间歇期可查到轻微神经功能缺失体征"}, "answer": "本病在发作间歇期可查到轻微神经功能缺失体征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小叶性肺炎是(  )。", "options": {"A": "变质性炎", "B": "增生性炎", "C": "化脓性炎", "D": "浆液性炎"}, "answer": "化脓性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "支气管哮喘发病的主要临床特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "反复发作性咳嗽、咳痰、喘息,经支气管扩张剂治疗后可缓解", "B": "反复发作性咳嗽、喘息,经支气管扩张剂治疗后可缓解或自行缓解", "C": "反复发作咳嗽、咳痰、喘息,经支气管扩张剂和抗生素治疗后方可缓解", "D": "反复发作性咳嗽、咳痰、喘息,经支气管扩张剂和抗生素治疗后仍难缓解"}, "answer": "反复发作性咳嗽、喘息,经支气管扩张剂治疗后可缓解或自行缓解", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "26岁,女性,病人称“有时眼前看到彩色光圈和几何图形,耳朵能听到一个乐团演奏肖邦的交响乐”,此症状属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "假性幻觉", "B": "真性幻觉", "C": "心因性幻觉", "D": "幻视"}, "answer": "真性幻觉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "“先吃糖,再吃西瓜,就吃不出西瓜的甜味来”,这一现象属于:(  )。", "options": {"A": "感觉适应", "B": "感觉后象", "C": "感觉融合", "D": "感觉补偿"}, "answer": "感觉适应", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.运输内源性甘油三酯的脂蛋白是(  )。", "options": {"A": "VLDL", "B": "LDL", "C": "CM", "D": "HDL"}, "answer": "VLDL", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.四肢中枢性瘫痪的病变部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓胸段", "B": "脊髓颈膨大", "C": "脊髓高颈段", "D": "马尾"}, "answer": "脊髓高颈段", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "卵巢内胚窦瘤的特异性肿瘤标志物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "AFP", "B": "CA19-9", "C": "CA125", "D": "PSA"}, "answer": "AFP", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.HDI2(  )。", "options": {"A": "运送内源性Ch", "B": "运送外源性TG", "C": "蛋白质含量最高", "D": "与冠状动脉粥样硬化的发生率呈负相关"}, "answer": "与冠状动脉粥样硬化的发生率呈负相关", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,21岁。1型糖尿病8年,平素4次(R-R-R-N)胰岛素皮下注射治疗,定期查糖化血红蛋白7.5%~8%,2日前患者受凉后发热,体温37.5℃~38℃,因食欲不佳,自行停用胰岛素,改用阿卡波糖治疗。渐出现恶心、食欲不振,呕吐少量胃内容物,尿中有异味。查体:P 102次/分。BP 90/60mmHg,体重55kg,轻度脱水貌,精神萎靡,实验室检查:随机血糖25.6mmol/L,血钾4.8mmol/L,血糖(++++),尿酮体(++++);动脉血气分析pH值7.25。1.该患者目前最佳胰岛素治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "速效胰岛素类似物持续静脉滴注,起始量11U/小时", "B": "长效胰岛素类似物持续静脉滴注,起始量5.5U/小时", "C": "常规人胰岛素持续静脉滴往,起始量11U/小时", "D": "恢复4次胰岛素注射治疗,并适当增加剂量"}, "answer": "速效胰岛素类似物持续静脉滴注,起始量11U/小时", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "由于抗体引起的自身免疫病可发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗原-抗体复合物的形成", "B": "抗体封闭细胞受体", "C": "抗体、补体参与的细胞裂解", "D": "上述任一均可"}, "answer": "上述任一均可", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,35岁,胃区常隐痛3年,与饮食有关,间有黑便。检查:血红蛋白75g/L,红细胞3.1×1012/L,白细胞5.9×109/L,血小板130×109/L,患者贫血最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性肝病贫血", "B": "缺铁性贫血", "C": "营养不良性贫血", "D": "巨幼红细胞性贫血"}, "answer": "缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "阿托品对下列有机磷酸酯类中毒症状无效的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "瞳孔缩小", "B": "流涎流汗", "C": "腹痛腹泻", "D": "骨骼肌震颤"}, "answer": "骨骼肌震颤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.癫痫复杂部分性发作的病灶多位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "额叶", "B": "脑干", "C": "颞叶", "D": "基底节"}, "answer": "颞叶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "破伤风梭菌(  )。", "options": {"A": "通过伤口感染,细菌侵入血而致病", "B": "革兰阴性菌,具周鞭毛", "C": "芽孢抵抗力强", "D": "以上均不是"}, "answer": "芽孢抵抗力强", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下哪些细胞因子可增强NK细胞的作用(  )。", "options": {"A": "IL-2、IL-8", "B": "IL-2、IL-4", "C": "IL-2、IFN-γ", "D": "IL-10、IFN-γ"}, "answer": "IL-2、IFN-γ", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列有关术前准备,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "练习床上排便、排尿", "B": "练习正确的咳嗽、咳痰方式", "C": "提前2周戒烟", "D": "提前3周预防性应用抗生素"}, "answer": "提前3周预防性应用抗生素", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "新生儿缺氧缺血性所致颅内出血多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "早产儿", "B": "适于龄儿", "C": "巨大儿", "D": "足月儿A"}, "answer": "早产儿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,26岁,入院前2小时被他人用斧砍伤致股骨下段骨折。查体:足背动脉触不到,足苍白、发凉,血压测不到。正确的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "股骨下段骨折伴休克", "B": "股骨下段开放性骨折,股动脉损伤伴休克", "C": "股骨下段开放性损伤伴股动脉损伤", "D": "股骨下段开放性骨折伴休克"}, "answer": "股骨下段开放性骨折,股动脉损伤伴休克", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "由于小儿呼吸道解剖特点,易患下列疾病,但应除外(  )。", "options": {"A": "耳咽管相对较宽、直、短,呈水平位,易引起中耳炎", "B": "膈肌位置较高,心脏呈横位,气胸时易致纵隔移位", "C": "学龄前期和学龄期儿童呼吸道炎时,常伴扁桃体炎", "D": "鼻腔黏膜与鼻窦黏膜相连续,且鼻窦口相对较大,急性鼻炎时易致鼻窦炎"}, "answer": "膈肌位置较高,心脏呈横位,气胸时易致纵隔移位", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肝硬化最常见的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上消化道出血", "B": "肝性脑病", "C": "肝肾综合征", "D": "肝肺综合症"}, "answer": "上消化道出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,64岁,在抗洪抢险一线,突获悉其母病故后当日发生急性下壁心肌梗死。既往有高血压病5年、糖尿病10年、吸烟40余年。该患者急性心肌梗死的主要病因(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压病", "B": "糖尿病", "C": "动脉硬化", "D": "吸烟过量"}, "answer": "动脉硬化", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.弥漫性硬化性肾小球肾炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "颗粒性固缩肾", "B": "肾盂积水", "C": "肾盂变形", "D": "肾梗死性瘢痕形成"}, "answer": "颗粒性固缩肾", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项属于生理性蛋白尿?(  )", "options": {"A": "肾淤血产生的蛋白尿", "B": "肾动脉硬化引起的蛋白尿", "C": "体位性蛋白尿", "D": "血管内溶血引起的血红蛋白尿"}, "answer": "体位性蛋白尿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.可用于肿瘤特异性主动免疫治疗的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡介苗", "B": "灭活瘤苗", "C": "5-氟尿嘧啶", "D": "单克隆抗体结合的蓖麻毒素"}, "answer": "灭活瘤苗", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肠易激综合征患者典型的腹痛特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "具有季节性发作的特点", "B": "便前疼痛,便后缓解", "C": "饭前疼痛,饭后缓解", "D": "夜间疼痛"}, "answer": "便前疼痛,便后缓解", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医生在治疗中确诊一名肝癌患者,他妥当的做法应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对患者绝对保密", "B": "征求家属意见,尊重患者意愿,向患者家属如实交代病情", "C": "将诊断书直接交给患者本人", "D": "将假诊断书交给患者,隐瞒病情和预后"}, "answer": "征求家属意见,尊重患者意愿,向患者家属如实交代病情", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,46岁。活动耐力进行性下降5年,近半年来平地步行50米左右即感呼吸急促,并出现双下肢水肿。1周前上呼吸道感染后症状加重,伴夜间阵发性呼吸困难。查体:平卧位,颈静脉怒张,肝颈静脉回流征阳性,双肺可闻及细湿啰音,双下肢凹陷性水肿。目前该患者的心力衰竭类型为(  )。", "options": {"A": "全心衰竭", "B": "急性右心衰竭", "C": "慢性右心衰竭", "D": "慢行左心衰竭"}, "answer": "全心衰竭", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对充血性心力衰竭的病人,每日口服地高辛0.25mg,已知地高辛的t1/2为33小时,病人需经几天才能达到稳定的血药浓度(  )。", "options": {"A": "3天", "B": "7天", "C": "10天", "D": "14天"}, "answer": "7天", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.遗传性球形红细胞增多症溶血主要为(  )。", "options": {"A": "血管内溶血", "B": "血管外溶血", "C": "原位溶血", "D": "脾功能亢进"}, "answer": "血管外溶血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪项为蛋白质腐败作用的主要产物?(  )", "options": {"A": "氨、胺类", "B": "苯酚、胺类", "C": "吲哚、氨", "D": "硫化氢"}, "answer": "氨、胺类", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.股骨颈囊内骨折的典型畸形(  )。", "options": {"A": "外旋90°", "B": "外旋<90°", "C": "屈曲、外展、外旋", "D": "屈曲、外展、内旋"}, "answer": "外旋<90°", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不符合十二指肠溃疡的叙述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "易引起腹膜炎", "B": "比胃溃疡浅", "C": "比胃溃疡易穿孔", "D": "易癌变"}, "answer": "易癌变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,11岁,因发热、浮肿、血尿入院,自幼时常咽喉痛、发热,曾因心脏杂音卧床一个月。入院前3周又因咽痛、发热而注青霉素数日,症状消失。入院前三日又突发高热、血尿、眼睑浮肿。查体温39℃,血压稍高。化验结果:尿RBC+++,颗粒管型3~5/HP;ASO抗体85单位。该患者可疑疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾小球肾炎", "B": "亚急性细菌性心内膜炎", "C": "急性肾盂肾炎", "D": "风湿热"}, "answer": "急性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "稳定性股骨颈骨折是(  )。", "options": {"A": "经颈骨折", "B": "基底骨折", "C": "内收骨折", "D": "外展骨折"}, "answer": "外展骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.抗体形成细胞测定(  )。", "options": {"A": "51Cr释放法", "B": "溶血空斑试验", "C": "TuNEL法", "D": "MTT法"}, "answer": "溶血空斑试验", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女孩,2岁,经常患感冒和肺炎。查体:心前区隆起,无震颤,胸骨左缘第2肋间可闻及2级喷射性杂音,P2>A2,伴有固定分裂,心电显示电轴右偏,V1呈rsR'波型,14mm,2mm,PR间期0.16秒。该患儿考虑为何种先天性心脏病?(  )", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "肺动脉狭窄", "C": "动脉导管未闭", "D": "室间隔缺损"}, "answer": "房间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "化脓性脑膜炎和结核性脑膜炎的主要区别为(  )。", "options": {"A": "病史", "B": "胸部X线检查", "C": "周围血象变化", "D": "脑脊液检查"}, "answer": "脑脊液检查", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "局部兴奋的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呈“全或无”现象,非递减性传导,不能总和", "B": "非“全或无”,电紧张性扩布,可总和", "C": "呈“全或无”现象,非递减性传导,可总和", "D": "非“全或无”,有不应期,可总和"}, "answer": "非“全或无”,电紧张性扩布,可总和", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,35岁,高热、皮肤瘙痒半月,右颈及锁骨上淋巴结肿大,无压痛,互相粘连。血红蛋白90g/L,白细胞10×109/L,中性粒细胞66%,淋巴细胞24%。骨髓涂片找到里一斯细胞。常用的化疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "MOPP", "B": "羟基脲", "C": "VDP", "D": "HA+DA"}, "answer": "MOPP", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.LDL的作用(  )。", "options": {"A": "运送内源性TG", "B": "运送内源性Ch", "C": "运送外源性TG", "D": "与冠状动脉粥样硬化的发生率呈负相关"}, "answer": "运送内源性Ch", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.10岁以下儿童肠息肉最常见的类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "炎性息肉", "B": "错构瘤性息肉", "C": "绒毛状腺瘤性息肉", "D": "化生性息肉"}, "answer": "错构瘤性息肉", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "成年男性尸体,双肾明显缩小,表面呈细颗粒状,质硬,切面皮质明显变薄。病理诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性肾盂肾炎", "B": "膜性增生性肾炎", "C": "慢性硬化性肾炎", "D": "IgA肾病"}, "answer": "慢性硬化性肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "闭经患者雌、孕激素序贯试验阳性,垂体兴奋试验阳性说明病变部位在(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫", "B": "卵巢", "C": "下丘脑", "D": "大脑皮质"}, "answer": "下丘脑", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "神经性呕吐的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "进食前就恶心、呕吐", "B": "反复发生于进食以后的呕吐", "C": "害怕身体发胖而引吐", "D": "吃荤的吐,素食不吐"}, "answer": "反复发生于进食以后的呕吐", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于全胃肠外营养的适应证,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "短肠综合征", "B": "高位肠瘘", "C": "乙状结肠瘘", "D": "坏死性胰腺炎"}, "answer": "乙状结肠瘘", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项在甲亢时升高最常见和最有诊断意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "TT4", "B": "TT3", "C": "FT3", "D": "FT4"}, "answer": "FT3", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "治疗哺乳期妇女滴虫性阴道炎,最适宜的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲硝唑口服", "B": "甲硝唑栓置入阴道", "C": "1%龙胆紫涂阴道黏膜", "D": "局部用克林霉素软膏"}, "answer": "甲硝唑栓置入阴道", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "体现医患之间契约关系的有下述做法,但应除外(  )。", "options": {"A": "医生向患者做出应有的承诺", "B": "先收费用然后给予检查处置", "C": "先签写手术协议书然后实施手术", "D": "患者被迫送红包时保证不给医生宣扬"}, "answer": "患者被迫送红包时保证不给医生宣扬", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "早期癌可以是(  )。", "options": {"A": "局限于粘膜内和粘膜下层的癌", "B": "发生于粘膜或表皮", "C": "可发生淋巴结转移", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于肺外器官结核病的描述哪项正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "肠结核以横结肠为其好发部位", "B": "结核性脑膜炎侵犯蛛网膜", "C": "肾结核均为双侧性", "D": "肾结核病变开始于肾盂"}, "answer": "结核性脑膜炎侵犯蛛网膜", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "无偿献血的血液用途,应符合以下哪项规定?(  )", "options": {"A": "在保证临床用血的前提下,可以出售给血液制品生产单位", "B": "由血站自主决定", "C": "必须用于临床", "D": "由卫生行政部门根据情况确定"}, "answer": "必须用于临床", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.胎心率晚期减速的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎儿缺氧", "B": "胎动", "C": "胎头受压", "D": "胎盘功能减低"}, "answer": "胎儿缺氧", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "公正不仅指形式上的类似,更强调公正的(  )。", "options": {"A": "内容", "B": "基础", "C": "内涵", "D": "意义"}, "answer": "内容", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者女性,45岁,因巨大结节性甲状腺肿于颈丛麻醉下行一侧甲状腺全切、另一侧甲状腺大部切除术,术后第2天突然发生窒息,面肌和手足持续性痉挛。3.预防此种术后并发症的关键是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结扎甲状腺下动脉要靠近颈总动脉", "B": "结扎甲状腺上动脉应紧贴甲状腺上极", "C": "保留腺体要适当", "D": "必须保存两叶腺体背面部分"}, "answer": "必须保存两叶腺体背面部分", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,32岁,7月26日来诊。1天来腹泻,大便次数多,不可数,伴呕吐多次,均为稀水,不发热。精神萎靡,BP50/30mmHg。心率124次/分,腹软,肠鸣音活跃。为尽快诊断本病最需进行的检测是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大便常规", "B": "大便悬滴查动力试验", "C": "血清特异性抗体检测", "D": "大便特异性抗原检测"}, "answer": "大便悬滴查动力试验", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.霍乱弧菌的主要致病因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠毒素", "B": "内毒素", "C": "神经毒素", "D": "细胞毒素"}, "answer": "肠毒素", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.流脑的首选治疗药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呋喃唑酮", "B": "磺胺多辛", "C": "磺胺嘧啶", "D": "环丙沙星"}, "answer": "磺胺嘧啶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不属于临产后正常宫缩特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "节律性", "B": "规律性", "C": "对称性", "D": "极性"}, "answer": "规律性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于佐剂的叙述,下述哪一项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "佐剂是特异性免疫增强剂", "B": "可刺激单核巨噬细胞,增加它对抗原的处理和呈递", "C": "最常用于动物实验的是弗氏佐剂", "D": "增强辅助性T细胞的作用"}, "answer": "佐剂是特异性免疫增强剂", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于反转录酶的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "作用物为四种dNTP", "B": "催化以RNA为模板进行DNA合成", "C": "催化RNA的水解反应", "D": "合成方向3′→5′"}, "answer": "合成方向3′→5′", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,44岁,反复发作上腹部疼痛3年,近3d上腹绞痛,伴发热寒战,皮肤巩膜黄染。2.该病最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肿瘤", "B": "结石", "C": "蛔虫", "D": "先天畸形"}, "answer": "结石", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "支气管哮喘12年,规律吸入糖皮质激素。近2周再次出现喘息发作,夜间症状明显。不宜采取的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "加用小剂量口服激素", "B": "增加吸入激素剂量", "C": "加用短效β受体激动剂", "D": "加用长效β受体激动剂"}, "answer": "加用小剂量口服激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "乳癌肿物直径4cm,腋下扪及3个淋巴结,其首选治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺单纯切除", "B": "仅用化疗", "C": "单纯切除+化疗", "D": "乳癌根治术"}, "answer": "乳癌根治术", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性有机磷农药中毒抢救治疗后,哪一种农药可再发生昏迷或突然死亡?(  )", "options": {"A": "内硫磷", "B": "乐果", "C": "敌敌畏", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "乐果", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "属于隐蔽的自身抗原是(  )。", "options": {"A": "类毒素", "B": "RBC", "C": "精子", "D": "磺胺"}, "answer": "精子", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,50岁。患肝硬化腹水半年,大量利尿后意识不清1天住院。查血钾2.3mmol/L,血钠135mmol/L,血氯化物及血氨增高。最好选下列哪种药物治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "氨基丁酸", "B": "谷氨酸钠", "C": "盐酸精氨酸", "D": "复方氨基酸"}, "answer": "盐酸精氨酸", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,20岁。咽疼、咳嗽、发热,1周后发现尿色红,眼睑水肿,尿量1000ml/24h。体检:全身皮肤未见皮疹,血压150/100mmHg。化验:尿蛋白(++),红细胞50~60/HP,血白蛋白32g/L,血肌酐123μmol/L。1.诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性链球菌感染后肾炎", "B": "急性肾孟肾炎", "C": "过敏性紫癜", "D": "急进性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "急性链球菌感染后肾炎", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列正常人摄取糖类过多时的几种代谢途径中,哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "糖转变为蛋白质", "B": "糖转变为甘油", "C": "糖氧化分解成CO2,H2O", "D": "糖转变成糖原"}, "answer": "糖转变为蛋白质", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "Tm值愈高的DNA分子,其(  )。", "options": {"A": "G+C含量愈高", "B": "A+T含量愈高", "C": "G+C含量愈低", "D": "T+C含量愈高"}, "answer": "G+C含量愈高", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "T型管拔出后患者出现持续性右上腹痛伴肌紧张,最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆汁性腹膜炎", "B": "急性胆管炎", "C": "急性胰腺炎", "D": "急性胆囊炎"}, "answer": "胆汁性腹膜炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "水痘发热后几日开始出皮疹(  )。", "options": {"A": "1天", "B": "3天", "C": "5天", "D": "9天"}, "answer": "1天", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "引起交叉性感觉障碍和(或)交叉性瘫痪的病灶在(  )。", "options": {"A": "额叶", "B": "颞叶", "C": "脑干", "D": "蝶鞍区"}, "answer": "脑干", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.Ⅲ(重)度营养不良(  )。", "options": {"A": "体重低于正常均值5%~10%", "B": "体重低于正常均值10%~15%", "C": "体重低于正常均值25%~40%", "D": "体重低于正常均值40%~60%"}, "answer": "体重低于正常均值40%~60%", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,35岁。腰痛伴右侧下肢放射性疼痛1个月,无明显发热、盗汗。查体:右下肢直腿抬高试验阳性。小腿前外侧和足内侧感觉感觉减退,拇背伸肌力减退。3.最合适的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "联合应用抗生素", "B": "卧床休息,牵引治疗", "C": "抗结核药物治疗", "D": "单纯椎板减压术"}, "answer": "卧床休息,牵引治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "酶的Km值大小主要与(  )。", "options": {"A": "酶的性质有关", "B": "酶的作用时间有关", "C": "酶的最适pH有关", "D": "酶的最佳温度有关"}, "answer": "酶的性质有关", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某病人认为幼年时某次呕吐实际上就是有人在食物中放毒,所以现在有病,是他们还没有放弃迫害,此现象属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "近事遗忘", "B": "远事遗忘", "C": "妄想性回忆", "D": "虚构"}, "answer": "妄想性回忆", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某人呼吸频率从12次/分增加到24次/分,潮气量从500ml减少到250ml,则下述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺通气量减少", "B": "肺通气量增加", "C": "肺泡通气量减少", "D": "肺泡通气量增加"}, "answer": "肺泡通气量减少", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一女性,55岁,丧偶8年,现独居,嗜烟酒,不爱运动。平时性情抑郁,过分容忍,办事无主见,常顺从于别人。1月前行胃癌切除,术中及术后情绪低落,兴趣下降,独自流泪,有轻生之念。1.患者病前的行为特征为(  )。", "options": {"A": "B型", "B": "A型", "C": "C型", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "C型", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "成人肾肿瘤最常见的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰部包块", "B": "腹部包块", "C": "蛋白尿", "D": "间断无痛性血尿"}, "answer": "间断无痛性血尿", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,7个月,早产1个月,出生体重2.0kg,一直母乳喂养,目前体重8kg,近日发现小儿易惊,睡眠少,出汗多,查体:有方颅,前卤大,肋骨串珠。4.哪项预防措施不合适?(  )", "options": {"A": "婴儿应多晒太阳", "B": "孕妇多做户外活动", "C": "维生素D摄入800IU/d", "D": "适当补充钙剂"}, "answer": "维生素D摄入800IU/d", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "表现为强迫症思维的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑郁症", "B": "急性精神分裂症", "C": "慢性精神分裂症", "D": "强迫性神经症"}, "answer": "强迫性神经症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,22岁,8年前患右胫骨上段急性骨髓炎,经综合治疗症状体征消失,但1年后开始反复出现右膝关节下方流脓。检查:右膝下方有一窦道,少许脓性分泌物。X线平片右胫骨上段有大块死骨,胫骨干包壳形成。2.窦道渗出物进行细菌培养的结果最可能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯金黄色葡萄球菌", "B": "单纯流感嗜血杆菌", "C": "两种或两种以上细菌混合", "D": "单纯绿脓杆菌"}, "answer": "两种或两种以上细菌混合", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,56岁,左臀部注射青霉素后红肿、剧痛伴发热10天。曾作切开排脓,但引流欠通畅,改用红霉素,仍发热不适。近2天伴有寒战、弛张型高热、头痛、肩部肿痛。查体:BP 110/70mmHg,神志淡漠,唇色苍白。呼吸深快,肺部呼吸音清,未闻及啰音,心率快。左臀切口渗液。血WBC 21×109/L。细菌血培养阴性。2.对该患者不宜采用的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "补充血容量", "B": "联合应用抗生素", "C": "应用小剂量糖皮质激素", "D": "纠正酸碱平衡失调"}, "answer": "应用小剂量糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在DNA复制中RNA引物的功能(作用)是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使DNA聚合酶活化并使DNA双链解开", "B": "提供5′末端作为合成新DNA链的起点", "C": "提供3′-OH末端作为合成新DNA链的起点", "D": "提供3′-OH末端作为合成新RNA链的起点"}, "answer": "提供3′-OH末端作为合成新DNA链的起点", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "胃癌淋巴结转移的常见部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右锁骨上", "B": "左锁骨上", "C": "右颈部", "D": "左颈部"}, "answer": "左锁骨上", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列亚急性感染性心内膜炎的病理变化哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "赘生物质脆,易脱落", "B": "赘生物呈白色透明串珠状", "C": "心内膜可发生溃疡", "D": "瓣膜内偶见风湿小体"}, "answer": "赘生物呈白色透明串珠状", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "为了保证研究结果能够回答研究目的中提出的问题,使用的人、财、物、时间较少,结果可靠,哪项是应该做好的首要工作?(  )", "options": {"A": "资料分析", "B": "科研设计", "C": "资料整理", "D": "结果的表达"}, "answer": "科研设计", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "糖尿病的诊断标准是糖尿病症状加上随机血糖(  )。", "options": {"A": "≥7.1mmol/L", "B": "≥10.1mmol/L", "C": "≥11.1mmol/L", "D": "≥12.1mmol/L"}, "answer": "≥11.1mmol/L", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.女性,50岁,突发剧烈头痛、呕吐,发作性左侧肢体麻木,抽搐一次,血压195/130mmHg,头CT未见异常,降血压后恢复正常,诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "腔隙性脑梗死", "B": "短暂性脑缺血发作", "C": "高血压脑病", "D": "壳核出血"}, "answer": "高血压脑病", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.测量病毒大小的单位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "毫米(mm)", "B": "纳米(nm)", "C": "纳克(ng)", "D": "道尔顿(Dalton)"}, "answer": "纳米(nm)", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列情形中不予医师执业注册的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "受过刑事处罚的", "B": "不具有完全民事行为能力的", "C": "受过吊销医师执业证书行政处罚的", "D": "受吊销医师执业证书行政处罚,自处罚之日起至申请注册之日止不满3年的"}, "answer": "不具有完全民事行为能力的", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.癫痫失神发作的首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "地西泮", "B": "扑米酮", "C": "丙戊酸钠", "D": "苯巴比妥"}, "answer": "丙戊酸钠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "交感神经节后纤维的递质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙酰胆碱", "B": "去甲肾上腺素", "C": "5-羟色胺", "D": "去甲肾上腺素或乙酰胆碱"}, "answer": "去甲肾上腺素或乙酰胆碱", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医患关系中“患”指的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "就诊病人", "B": "病人亲属", "C": "到医院进行咨询的人", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "前列腺增生最重要的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿频", "B": "尿急", "C": "尿痛", "D": "进行性排尿困难"}, "answer": "进行性排尿困难", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.晚期骨髓内纤维组织增多(  )。", "options": {"A": "急淋", "B": "急非淋M5", "C": "慢粒", "D": "慢淋"}, "answer": "慢粒", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是支气管哮喘中起主要作用的Ig?(  )", "options": {"A": "IgM", "B": "sIgA", "C": "IgE", "D": "IgD"}, "answer": "IgE", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性患者头痛数月,遇上感和月经来潮时疼痛加重,于是出于彻底检查的目的来院坚决要求做CT检查被医师拒绝。医师开出脑电图检查单和请耳鼻喉科会诊单。病人大为不满。为形成正常医患关系,该医师应该(  )。", "options": {"A": "维持契约关系,坚决按医生意见办,脑电图检查后再定", "B": "维持契约信托关系,说服患者先行体格检查再定", "C": "维持信托关系,对不信赖者拒绝接诊", "D": "维持信托关系,先查CT和脑电图、会诊,然后体检"}, "answer": "维持契约信托关系,说服患者先行体格检查再定", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "糖尿病毛细血管间肾小球肾炎硬化症在临床上尿液变化的主要特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量血尿", "B": "尿中有大量白细胞及管型", "C": "持续性尿蛋白", "D": "出现酮体"}, "answer": "持续性尿蛋白", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,男,1岁。腹痛、哭闹、呕吐,伴果酱样血便3天,发热1天。查体:面色苍白,出汗,腹肌紧张,有压痛和反跳痛,脐右上方扪及腊肠形肿块,右下腹空虚。最佳的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "空气灌肠", "B": "结肠镜检查", "C": "急诊手术", "D": "抗感染治疗"}, "answer": "急诊手术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.急性或慢性乙型肝炎或慢性无症状HBV携带者是(  )。", "options": {"A": "仅血清HBsAg阳性", "B": "血清HBsAg、HBeAg或抗-HBe阳性、抗-HBc阳性", "C": "血清HBsAg和抗-HBc阳性,而HBeAg一直为阴性", "D": "仅血清抗-HRs阳性"}, "answer": "血清HBsAg、HBeAg或抗-HBe阳性、抗-HBc阳性", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "血清与血浆的最主要区别在于血清缺乏(  )。", "options": {"A": "凝血酶", "B": "纤维蛋白原", "C": "纤维蛋白", "D": "血小板"}, "answer": "纤维蛋白原", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "心理评估师给患者进行心理评估时,向患者出示了三张意义含糊的图片,并请他根据对图片内容的理解讲一个较为完整的故事,医生由此可以推测患者的个性特征和心理问题。该测验方法属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "调查法", "B": "观察法", "C": "投射法", "D": "问卷法"}, "answer": "投射法", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.骨盆骨折合并腹膜后出血,经积极抗休克无效,血压进行性下降,应该采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮牵引", "B": "手法复位及石膏外固定", "C": "骨盆兜垂吊牵引法", "D": "介入疗法(髂内动脉造影及栓塞)"}, "answer": "介入疗法(髂内动脉造影及栓塞)", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,52岁,4年来因心律失常,长期用胺碘酮,近期出现消瘦、便频、手抖,临床诊断为碘甲亢。2.下列哪一项叙述是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "极少数病人于撤碘后,甲亢症状加重", "B": "同位素不适于本型甲亢的治疗", "C": "抗甲状腺药物治疗效果好", "D": "以上都是不对"}, "answer": "抗甲状腺药物治疗效果好", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "镇上基本医疗保险费用的缴付方主要为(  )。", "options": {"A": "职工个人和国家", "B": "用人单位和职工个人", "C": "国家和用人单位", "D": "国家"}, "answer": "用人单位和职工个人", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "Smith骨折的典型移位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "远侧端向掌侧移位", "B": "远侧端向桡侧移位", "C": "近侧端向掌侧移位", "D": "远侧端旋转移位"}, "answer": "远侧端向掌侧移位", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "初产妇,妊娠37周,8小时前突然出现阴道流液,如尿样,6小时前开始出现规律宫缩,因胎手脱出于阴道口2小时就诊,查体:产妇烦躁不安,腹痛拒按,脉搏110次/分,呼吸28次/分,胎心160次/分,导尿时血尿。1.诊断首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎膜早破", "B": "先兆子宫破裂", "C": "前置胎盘", "D": "胎盘早剥"}, "answer": "先兆子宫破裂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项为传染病的基本特征?(  )", "options": {"A": "有传染源、传播途径、免疫性", "B": "有病原体,有传染性,有流行病学特征,有感染后免疫", "C": "有病原体,流行性,易感性", "D": "有传染性、流行性、免疫性"}, "answer": "有病原体,有传染性,有流行病学特征,有感染后免疫", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,28岁,初孕,平素月经规律,妊娠40周,孕期检查正常,今自觉胎动减少,查体:T 36.0℃,P 70次/分,R 20次/分,BP 110/70mmHg,超声检查:羊水最大暗区2.5cm,指数7.0cm,检查:宫颈管未消,宫口未开,先露-3,胎心率120次/分。3.该孕妇临产开始后,胎心监护示有频繁晚期减速,最恰当的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制宫缩", "B": "加压给氧", "C": "待宫口开全产钳助产", "D": "剖宫产"}, "answer": "剖宫产", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "可以减弱心理应激的负面影响的方法除外(  )。", "options": {"A": "学会放松技术", "B": "保持乐观的心情", "C": "取得社会支持", "D": "坚持面对严酷的现实"}, "answer": "坚持面对严酷的现实", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心脏病产妇胎儿娩出后应立即(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部放置沙袋", "B": "抗感染治疗", "C": "静注麦角新碱", "D": "鼓励下床活动"}, "answer": "腹部放置沙袋", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "低钾性碱中毒的常见病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "挤压创伤", "B": "胃肠减压", "C": "尿毒症", "D": "输血过量"}, "answer": "胃肠减压", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在霍乱的临床表现中哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "寒战、高热、急性起病", "B": "先泻后吐", "C": "“米泔水”样吐泻物", "D": "严重者有痛性肌肉痉挛"}, "answer": "寒战、高热、急性起病", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "毛果芸香碱对眼的作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "降低眼压,扩瞳,调节痉挛", "B": "降低眼压,缩瞳,调节麻痹", "C": "降低眼压,缩瞳,调节痉挛", "D": "升高眼压,扩瞳,调节痉挛"}, "answer": "降低眼压,缩瞳,调节痉挛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩9个月,混合喂养,未添加辅食,1个月来皮肤粘膜逐渐苍白,不爱活动,肝在肋下3cm,脾肋下1cm,血红蛋白81g/L,红细胞3.4×1012/L,血小板150×109/L。2.临床诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "溶血性贫血", "B": "营养性混合性贫血", "C": "营养性缺铁性贫血", "D": "再生障碍性贫血"}, "answer": "营养性缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,18岁。咳嗽4个月,伴低热,1个月前右膝部外伤。体格检查:跛行,右股四头肌萎缩,右膝肿胀,浮髌试验(+)。1.该患者应首先进行哪项检查(  )。", "options": {"A": "右膝CT", "B": "血沉", "C": "右膝穿刺抽液,生化检查及细菌培养", "D": "胸部平片及右膝正侧位片"}, "answer": "胸部平片及右膝正侧位片", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "面颊部有短暂的反复发作的剧痛,检查时除触发点外无阳性体征,常发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "特发性面神经麻痹", "B": "三叉神经痛", "C": "症状性癫痫", "D": "典型偏头痛"}, "answer": "三叉神经痛", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,77岁,胆囊切除术后第2天,自觉憋气、痰多、发热、腹痛。体检:心率100次/min,心电图无特殊发现。查血常规示白细胞17×109/L。2.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心肌梗死", "B": "肺部感染", "C": "胆瘘", "D": "心力衰竭"}, "answer": "肺部感染", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肺炎支原体肺炎最常见的胸部X线表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "早期为下叶间质性改变,肺实变后为边缘模糊的斑片状阴影", "B": "肺叶和小叶实变,叶间隙呈弧形下坠,多发性蜂窝状脓肿形成", "C": "肺叶或肺段实变,呈多发性、周围性肺浸润,可伴气囊肿", "D": "病变多在肺上部,呈大片浓密阴影,密度不均,历久而不消散,可形成空洞"}, "answer": "早期为下叶间质性改变,肺实变后为边缘模糊的斑片状阴影", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.主要用于治疗脑血管病的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尼莫地平", "B": "硝苯地平", "C": "维拉帕米", "D": "奎尼丁"}, "answer": "尼莫地平", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "普氏立克次体主要引起哪一种疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "流行性斑疹伤寒", "B": "肠伤寒", "C": "地方性斑疹伤寒", "D": "恙虫病"}, "answer": "流行性斑疹伤寒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "根据经典的定义,细胞因子与激素的不同点为(  )。", "options": {"A": "作用于特定细胞", "B": "是一类信息物质", "C": "产生于一般细胞", "D": "以内分泌、旁分泌、自分泌方式发挥作用"}, "answer": "产生于一般细胞", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列病毒中抵抗力最强的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙型肝炎病毒", "B": "乙脑病毒", "C": "单纯疱疹病毒", "D": "流感病毒"}, "answer": "乙型肝炎病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,65岁。突发头痛、头晕和行走困难10小时。既往有高血压和糖尿病病史10年。查体:神志清,颈有抵抗,对答尚清晰,双眼可见眼震颤,瞳孔等大且对光反射存在,无明确面舌瘫或肢体瘫痪,听力正常,腱反射对称,无深浅感觉异常,未引出病理征,行走步态宽大、不稳,直线行走不能。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小脑出血破入脑室", "B": "延髓出血破入脑室", "C": "脑桥出血破入脑室", "D": "丘脑出血破入脑室"}, "answer": "小脑出血破入脑室", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "安静时,M受体阻断剂阿托品可引起兔的心率明显增加,房室传导加速。若切断双侧迷走神经后再给阿托品,心脏的变化表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "心率明显增快", "B": "房室传导无明显变化", "C": "心率明显降低", "D": "房室传导明显减慢"}, "answer": "心率明显增快", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.激动时引起支气管平滑肌松弛的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "β1受体", "B": "β2受体", "C": "M受体", "D": "N2受体"}, "answer": "β2受体", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,65岁。有近40年的吸烟史,患慢性支气管炎近20年,经常咳嗽、咳痰;近2年自觉蹬自行车费力,感觉气短;近一个月坐下休息时亦觉胸闷、呼吸困难。入院查体:桶状胸,胸廓呼吸运动减弱;叩诊呈过清音,心浊音界缩小,肝浊音界下降;听诊呼吸音减弱,呼气延长。该患者可能患(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性细支气管炎", "B": "慢性支气管炎合并肺气肿", "C": "肺癌", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "慢性支气管炎合并肺气肿", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.了解患儿的骨龄应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "干血滴片TSH", "B": "TRH刺激试验", "C": "核素检查", "D": "腕部X线检查"}, "answer": "腕部X线检查", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.能被肾小管大部分重吸收的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Na+", "B": "葡萄糖", "C": "菊粉", "D": "对氨基马尿酸"}, "answer": "Na+", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "54岁妇女,G1P1,有高血压、冠心病、糖尿病史,1年来月经失调,10~15天/20~60天,经量时多时少。检查子宫饱满增大,质地中等。B超提示子宫增大,内膜厚度1.8cm,双附件正常。该病例的诊断和处理以下哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "首先考虑子宫内膜癌的可能性大", "B": "如确诊子宫内膜癌应首选手术治疗", "C": "如已侵犯颈管,不宜手术治疗", "D": "若不能耐受手术可放射治疗"}, "answer": "如已侵犯颈管,不宜手术治疗", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是二尖瓣狭窄伴心房颤动患者最常见的并发症?(  )", "options": {"A": "心绞痛", "B": "心包填塞", "C": "心力衰竭", "D": "感染性心内膜炎"}, "answer": "心力衰竭", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.基底膜正常出现在(  )。", "options": {"A": "膜性肾炎", "B": "膜性增生性肾炎(Ⅰ型)", "C": "轻微病变性肾炎", "D": "膜性增生性肾炎(Ⅱ型)"}, "answer": "轻微病变性肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对巨噬细胞具有抑制作用的细胞因子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IL-2", "B": "TNF", "C": "IFN-γ", "D": "TGF-β"}, "answer": "TGF-β", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "属于乳腺癌二级预防的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "流行病学进行病因调查", "B": "乳腺癌普查早期发现", "C": "乳腺癌手术治疗", "D": "乳腺癌术前化疗"}, "answer": "乳腺癌普查早期发现", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "手术后猝死最常见的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "气胸", "B": "ARDS", "C": "急性左心衰", "D": "肺栓塞"}, "answer": "肺栓塞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于感染性休克患者应用糖皮质激素的依据与方法,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大剂量糖皮质激素对心脏发挥正性肌力作用", "B": "适当应用糖皮质激素可以减少并发症", "C": "糖皮质激素应从大剂量开始使用", "D": "要取得疗效至少要使用5天"}, "answer": "要取得疗效至少要使用5天", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,65岁,咳嗽、咳痰10天,纳差、腹泻3天,神志不清伴抽搐2小时。糖尿病史10年,不规律口服降糖药治疗。1.采集病史应注意(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿量", "B": "发热", "C": "高血压史", "D": "胃肠道疾病史"}, "answer": "尿量", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.语言发展关键期是(  )。", "options": {"A": "0~1岁", "B": "1~3岁", "C": "3~7岁", "D": "7~11岁"}, "answer": "1~3岁", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2岁男孩,发热4天,咳嗽,轻喘,查体:双肺可闻及散在的中小水泡音,诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管炎", "B": "支气管肺炎", "C": "毛细支气管炎", "D": "急性喉炎"}, "answer": "支气管肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于胆汁酸代谢的叙述中,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "在肾细胞内胆固醇转变为胆汁酸", "B": "合成胆汁酸的前体是胆固醇酯", "C": "胆汁酸可进行肠肝循环", "D": "胆汁酸盐不影响脂类的消化、吸收"}, "answer": "胆汁酸可进行肠肝循环", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3岁男孩,自生后6个月开始出现发绀,有杵状指。胸部X线检查示“靴型”心影,肺血减少。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺动脉狭窄", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "艾森曼格综合征"}, "answer": "法洛四联症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.30岁初产妇,足月,于晨4时临产,13时宫口开大3cm,21时宫口开大7cm,应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "潜伏期延长", "B": "活跃期延长", "C": "活跃期停滞", "D": "第二产程延长"}, "answer": "活跃期延长", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "齐某,男,42岁,因在高空作业时不慎坠落,不省人事而被送入医院抢救。医院虽进行了抢救,但病情并未好转,又发生了感染性中毒性休克,继而循环功能发生障碍,预后估计不好。当家属和单位得知这一消息后出现了截然不同的意见:家属要求放弃治疗和抢救,而单位则要求继续抢救和治疗。1.医生在面对这两种时,做何种选择才最符合伦理原则?(  )", "options": {"A": "听取家属的意见,停止抢救和治疗", "B": "听取单位的意见,继续抢救和治疗", "C": "在意见无法达成一致的情况下,采取一般疗法", "D": "在取得家属与单位的共同支持下,停止抢救与治疗"}, "answer": "在取得家属与单位的共同支持下,停止抢救与治疗", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "蛋白质的变性是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋白质的空间构象的破坏", "B": "辅基的脱落", "C": "蛋白质的水解", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "蛋白质的空间构象的破坏", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项为抑郁发作的核心症状?(  )", "options": {"A": "抑郁心境", "B": "思维迟缓", "C": "思维内容障碍", "D": "音联意联"}, "answer": "抑郁心境", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "原发性肝癌最常见的淋巴转移部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动脉旁", "B": "胰周", "C": "腹膜后", "D": "肝门"}, "answer": "肝门", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列选项中,不符合嗜铬细胞瘤消化系统表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可引起腹泻", "B": "胆石症发病率增高", "C": "可引起胆汁潴留", "D": "可引起肠出血"}, "answer": "可引起腹泻", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.急性感染(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动—被动型医患关系", "B": "稳定型医患关系", "C": "指导—合作型医患关系", "D": "对立型医患关系"}, "answer": "指导—合作型医患关系", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于异位妊娠,下列哪一项正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "输卵管峡部妊娠发病较迟,发生率最高", "B": "阴道排出蜕膜管型,镜检时见到滋养细胞", "C": "陈旧性宫外孕患者症状最典型", "D": "输卵管间质部妊娠虽少见,但后果严重"}, "answer": "输卵管间质部妊娠虽少见,但后果严重", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,40岁。咳嗽、脓痰半年,尤以运动后明显加重,每次咳痰均带血,明显乏力,近3个月来体重下降约4kg,无明显发热。吸烟10余年,1~2包/d,高血压病史4年。查体:浅表淋巴结未及,肝脾肋下未及,杵状指(+)。1.对该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺结核", "B": "支气管扩张", "C": "慢性支气管炎", "D": "肺脓肿"}, "answer": "支气管扩张", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不属于骨折的急救的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "妥善固定", "B": "创口包扎", "C": "一般处理", "D": "开放骨折复位"}, "answer": "开放骨折复位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "乙型肝炎病毒具有(  )。", "options": {"A": "逆转录活性DNA聚合酶", "B": "DNA聚合酶", "C": "逆转录酶", "D": "溶菌酶"}, "answer": "逆转录活性DNA聚合酶", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "诊断先天愚型最有价值的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清T3、T4检查", "B": "染色体检查", "C": "智力低下", "D": "特殊面容,通贯手"}, "answer": "染色体检查", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于风湿性疾病的概念下述哪一种叙述是对的?(  )", "options": {"A": "风湿病就是结缔组织病", "B": "风湿病只包括风湿热和类风湿关节炎", "C": "风湿病、结缔组织病、胶原病均是同范畴的疾病", "D": "结缔组织病、胶原病仅是风湿病的一部分,不能互相等同"}, "answer": "结缔组织病、胶原病仅是风湿病的一部分,不能互相等同", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "选择性蛋白尿是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "以大分子量的尿蛋白为主", "B": "以中分子量的尿蛋白为主", "C": "以小分子量的尿蛋白为主", "D": "以小、中分子量的尿蛋白为主"}, "answer": "以小分子量的尿蛋白为主", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "乳腺囊性增生的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "药物治疗", "B": "全乳腺切除", "C": "肾上腺皮质激素治疗", "D": "增生部位局部切除术"}, "answer": "药物治疗", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,75岁。风湿性心脏瓣膜病21年。因心悸6天就诊。查体:自动体位,血压150/70mmHg,心率109次/分,心律绝对不齐,心音强弱不等。心电图示:心房颤动。1.为控制该患者的心室率不宜首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "地高辛", "B": "异搏定", "C": "地尔硫", "D": "普罗帕酮"}, "answer": "普罗帕酮", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "毛果芸香碱滴眼可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "缩瞳,眼内压升高,调节痉挛", "B": "缩瞳,眼内压降低,调节麻痹", "C": "缩瞳,眼内压降低,调节痉挛", "D": "扩瞳,眼内压升高,调节痉挛"}, "answer": "缩瞳,眼内压降低,调节痉挛", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "上腹部汽车撞伤4小时,患者面色苍白,四肢厥冷,脉搏140次/分,血压60/40mmHg,全腹轻度压痛,肌紧张及反跳痛,首先考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃破裂", "B": "十二指肠破裂", "C": "肝脾破裂", "D": "严重的腹壁软组织损伤"}, "answer": "肝脾破裂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "农药敌敌畏可抑制(  )。", "options": {"A": "羧基酶", "B": "磷酸酶", "C": "胆碱酯酶", "D": "羟基酶"}, "answer": "胆碱酯酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "末梢血反映骨髓功能细胞增生程度准确的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "出现有核红细胞", "B": "血红蛋白与红细胞计数", "C": "网织红细胞绝对值", "D": "红细胞出现豪—周小体"}, "answer": "网织红细胞绝对值", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "食物蛋白的生物学价值较高的是以下哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "食物中蛋白质的含量愈高", "B": "必需氨基酸的比值与人体的比值不一致", "C": "必需氨基酸的比值愈接近人体的比值", "D": "各种氨基酸比值愈接近人体的比值"}, "answer": "必需氨基酸的比值愈接近人体的比值", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于医务人员决策权的下列认识和做法中,下列描述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "需要用强制的方法干涉某些患者嗜酒的不良行为", "B": "需要根据病人的意见,开具诊断书", "C": "如何运用药物治疗可以不必考虑患者的意见", "D": "是住院治疗还是门诊治疗,由医者最后决策"}, "answer": "是住院治疗还是门诊治疗,由医者最后决策", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列有关酶的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对底物都有绝对专一性", "B": "能显著地降低反应活化能", "C": "催化活性都需要特异的辅酶", "D": "在体内发挥催化作用时,不受任何调控"}, "answer": "能显著地降低反应活化能", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "引起早产最常见的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾盂肾炎", "B": "胎盘早剥", "C": "下生殖道及泌尿道感染", "D": "吸烟、酗酒"}, "answer": "下生殖道及泌尿道感染", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,35岁,因车祸右小腿受伤,经拍X线片,诊断为右胫骨中下1/3交界处斜形骨折,易发生的合并症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨筋膜室综合征", "B": "延迟愈合或不愈合", "C": "血管损伤", "D": "神经损伤"}, "answer": "延迟愈合或不愈合", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "由于红细胞破坏过多引起的贫血不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "海洋性贫血", "B": "蚕豆病", "C": "铁粒幼细胞性贫血", "D": "遗传性球形红细胞增多症"}, "answer": "铁粒幼细胞性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,1岁,智能落后,表情呆滞,鼻梁低,舌宽大并常伸出口外,皮肤苍黄、粗糙,四肢粗短,腱反射减弱。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "软骨发育不良", "B": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症", "C": "佝偻病", "D": "苯丙酮尿症"}, "answer": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5.高渗性脱水(  )。", "options": {"A": "体重减低,眼窝及前囟凹陷", "B": "心音低钝,四肢肌张力低下", "C": "惊厥或手足搐搦", "D": "烦渴,高热易激惹"}, "answer": "烦渴,高热易激惹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.一次心跳一侧心室射出的血量称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "搏出量", "B": "搏功", "C": "心指数", "D": "射血分数"}, "answer": "搏出量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "11个月小儿,发热3天,体温39.0℃,呕吐2次,抽搐1次。体检:神志清,精神萎靡,皮肤无出血点,前囟稍隆起,颈略抵抗,Barbinski征阳性。曾于半岁时有高热惊厥1次。3.若该患儿脑脊液报告:细胞数1200×106/L,N0.88,蛋白1.0g/L,糖2.4mmol/L,氯化物122mmol/L,涂片(-)。脑脊液培养有流感嗜血杆菌生长。抗生素治疗应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "大剂量青霉素", "B": "氨苄西林", "C": "头孢曲松钠或头孢噻肟钠", "D": "氨苄西林+氯霉素"}, "answer": "头孢曲松钠或头孢噻肟钠", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1岁患儿,母乳喂养未添加辅食。体检:虚胖,毛发稀黄,面色苍黄,肝肋下3cm,脾肋下1.5cm,表情呆滞,智力发育落后,肢体震颤,踝阵挛阳性。2.可确诊的实验室检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "网织红细胞计数", "B": "血常规检查", "C": "血沉测定", "D": "骨髓细胞学检查"}, "answer": "骨髓细胞学检查", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,15岁,因突发寒战、高热、呕吐入院。经检查:血压75/45mmHg。脑膜刺激征阳性,WBC 25×109/L,中性粒细胞0.90,脑脊液涂片发现革兰阴性双球菌。病人四肢厥冷,口唇发绀,面色苍白,确诊后,立即给青霉素抗感染,此外,还应给哪一种药治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素", "B": "去甲肾上腺素", "C": "阿托品", "D": "东莨菪碱"}, "answer": "阿托品", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是急性白血病引起贫血最重要的原因?(  )", "options": {"A": "红细胞增殖受白血病细胞干扰", "B": "无效红细胞形成", "C": "造血原料缺乏", "D": "红细胞寿命缩短"}, "answer": "红细胞增殖受白血病细胞干扰", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者刘某,女,9岁。因急性化脓性扁桃体炎收入某院儿科病房,当时高烧39.5度,经静脉点滴青霉素后,次日体温下降,第四日体温已正常。该科某研究生为完成研究课题,需做正常儿童的神经系统电生理检查(无创性),故选此儿童为受试者,受试时患者同意。次日家属探视时发现患者的头顶部皮肤有3个直径约2mm的圆形丘疹样红斑,了解到事情经过后,向医院提出抗议,并与院方发生争执。1.关于争执,下列评价最正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "研究生未违背病人利益第一的原则,无道德责任", "B": "研究生没违背人体实验中知情同意的道德原则,所以研究生无道德责任", "C": "对未成年人进行人体实验应得到其监护人的同意,研究生在此有道德缺陷", "D": "患者是未成年人,不可以进行人体实验,所以研究生有道德责任"}, "answer": "对未成年人进行人体实验应得到其监护人的同意,研究生在此有道德缺陷", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肝硬化的特征性病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小胆管增生", "B": "纤维组织增生", "C": "肝细胞水解", "D": "假小叶形成"}, "answer": "假小叶形成", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,28岁。腰背及腹部挤压伤后1小时。查体:P 96次/分,BP 140/80mmHg,痛苦貌,腹部膨隆,轻压痛,无反跳痛,肠鸣音弱,腰肋部可见瘀斑,急诊剖腹探查见后腹膜完整,腹膜后见10cm×8cm×2cm血肿,观察期大小无变化。该患者术后的治疗中最重要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "防治感染", "B": "纠正水电解质紊乱", "C": "防治肝肾功能障碍", "D": "纠正低蛋白血症"}, "answer": "防治感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.以RNA作模板,催化合成cDNA第一条链的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "反转录酶", "B": "端粒酶", "C": "末端转移酶", "D": "连接酶"}, "answer": "反转录酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.阿片类麻醉药的解毒药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "依地酸二钠钙", "B": "二巯基丁二酸", "C": "氟马西尼", "D": "纳洛酮"}, "answer": "纳洛酮", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.佝偻病患儿7~8个月时出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅骨软化", "B": "方颅", "C": "前囟增大", "D": "胸廓畸形"}, "answer": "方颅", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某患者乘车时,因急刹车,右膝前方受到撞击,出现右髋剧痛,髋关节运动障碍,处于屈曲内收,内旋,畸形状态。4.若该病人治疗4周后,自行下地负重行走,正常活动。预计可能发生的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "关节强直", "B": "关节周围组织损伤", "C": "习惯性关节脱位", "D": "股骨头缺血性坏死"}, "answer": "股骨头缺血性坏死", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.退疹1周后全身大片脱皮(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹", "B": "风疹", "C": "猩红热", "D": "水痘"}, "answer": "猩红热", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,50岁。绝经1年,阵发性阴道排液半年,偶有右下腹隐痛。妇科检查右侧附件区可触及条状肿物,首选考虑的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫内膜癌", "B": "输卵管癌", "C": "卵巢癌", "D": "腹膜癌"}, "answer": "卵巢癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "通过交谈或问卷的方法了解一些人对某一事件的感受、态度和行为,在医学心理学的研究方法中属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "调查法", "B": "实验法", "C": "临床观察法", "D": "心理测验法"}, "answer": "调查法", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.肺炎链球菌有(  )。", "options": {"A": "毒性休克综合征毒素-1(TSSTl)", "B": "红疹毒素", "C": "自溶酶", "D": "鞭毛"}, "answer": "自溶酶", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项与细菌运动有关?(  )", "options": {"A": "菌毛", "B": "鞭毛", "C": "芽孢", "D": "异染颗粒"}, "answer": "鞭毛", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,26岁。5天来鼻及牙龈出血,皮肤瘀斑。血红蛋白55g/L,白细胞10.0×109/L,血小板16×109/L。骨髓增生极度活跃,绝大多数细胞呈清一色,胞浆内有大小不等颗粒及成堆Auer小体,过氧化酶染色强阳性。2.临床最容易出现的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "巨脾", "B": "严重感染", "C": "中枢神经系统受侵犯", "D": "牙龈肿胀"}, "answer": "严重感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一足月新生儿,因脐带绕颈引起胎儿窘迫,娩出时Apgar评分1分钟2分,5分钟5分,10分钟7分。由于窒息可致下述表现,但有一点不常见(  )。", "options": {"A": "意识改变,惊厥", "B": "肾脏损害", "C": "溶血性贫血", "D": "坏死性小肠结肠炎"}, "answer": "溶血性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.下丘脑分泌的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生长抑素", "B": "降钙素", "C": "胰岛素", "D": "皮质醇"}, "answer": "生长抑素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.C8结合蛋白(  )。", "options": {"A": "膜攻击复合体", "B": "阻断C3转化酶的形成", "C": "干扰C9与C8的结合", "D": "过敏毒素"}, "answer": "干扰C9与C8的结合", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "类风湿关节炎的诊断标准共计10项,典型病例应具备其中几项(  )。", "options": {"A": "4项", "B": "3项", "C": "6项", "D": "7项"}, "answer": "7项", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.可见于颅脑外伤性精神障碍之智能减退(  )。", "options": {"A": "以人格改变为早期症状的痴呆", "B": "潜隐发病,以记忆力下降为主要表现的痴呆", "C": "片断遗忘,智能正常", "D": "遗忘综合征伴有脑震荡后综合征"}, "answer": "遗忘综合征伴有脑震荡后综合征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,女,4岁,因发热、畏光、流涕、咳嗽入院。经查,患儿口腔两侧出现中心灰白伴有红晕的颊粘膜斑,面部、颈部出现红色斑丘疹。考虑下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "麻疹", "B": "腮腺炎", "C": "猩红热", "D": "风疹"}, "answer": "麻疹", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.流行性出血热(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热伴口角疱疹", "B": "发热伴肝脾肿大", "C": "发热伴出血", "D": "发热伴昏迷"}, "answer": "发热伴出血", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "26岁已婚妇女,停经49天,腹痛伴阴道少量流血2天,确诊为输卵管妊娠破裂,失血性休克。最佳的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "输血,输液", "B": "保守治疗", "C": "纠正休克后手术", "D": "抗休克与剖腹探查术同时进行"}, "answer": "抗休克与剖腹探查术同时进行", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性肺源性心脏病最常见的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管哮喘", "B": "肺血栓栓塞", "C": "过敏性肺炎", "D": "慢性阻塞心肺疾病"}, "answer": "肺血栓栓塞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一小儿,身长76cm,体重9.5kg,头围46cm,出牙6颗。最可能的年龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "10个月", "B": "15个月", "C": "24个月", "D": "12个月"}, "answer": "12个月", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿,发育良好,身高80cm,前囟已闭,头围47cm,乳牙16枚,能用简单的语言表达自己的需要,对人、事有喜乐之分。2.此小儿的体重按公式计算约是(  )。", "options": {"A": "15.5kg", "B": "13.5kg", "C": "10.5kg", "D": "9kg"}, "answer": "10.5kg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,48岁。接触性出血3个月。妇科检查:宫颈呈糜烂状,宫体大小正常,活动好,双侧附件区无异常,三合诊(-)。阴道镜下活检病理示鳞状细胞癌,间质浸润深度6mm。1.该患者的临床分期应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ⅠB1期", "B": "ⅠA2期", "C": "ⅠB2期", "D": "ⅠA1期"}, "answer": "ⅠB1期", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,25岁。产后7个月,哺乳。厌食1周。妇科检查子宫软,如妊娠42天大小,人工流产术中,探针探宫腔深度15cm,患者无明显腹痛,无阴道流血。2.正确的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "继续操作吸宫", "B": "请上级大夫再次探宫腔深度", "C": "后穹隆穿刺确定有无内出血", "D": "严密观察1周后再吸宫"}, "answer": "严密观察1周后再吸宫", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.肝素、双香豆素(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗凝治疗", "B": "溶栓治疗", "C": "血液稀释疗法", "D": "脑保护剂"}, "answer": "抗凝治疗", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,26岁。已婚,突发腹痛,阴道流血1天,血压60/40mmHg,体检发现一侧下腹部持续剧烈疼痛,阴道后穹隆穿刺抽出不凝血。最有价值的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一侧下腹部持续性剧烈疼痛", "B": "阴道后穹隆穿刺抽出不凝血", "C": "阴道流血1天", "D": "血压60/40mmHg"}, "answer": "阴道后穹隆穿刺抽出不凝血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.人(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾综合征出血热的传染源", "B": "艾滋病的传染源", "C": "布病的传染源", "D": "乙脑的传染源"}, "answer": "艾滋病的传染源", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "家鼠传播的流行性出血热发病高峰一般在(  )。", "options": {"A": "1~3月", "B": "3~5月", "C": "5~8月", "D": "11月~次年1月"}, "answer": "3~5月", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "能使伤寒不断传播或流行的传染源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "潜伏期末的病人", "B": "伤寒的极期病人", "C": "缓解期带菌者", "D": "慢性带菌者"}, "answer": "慢性带菌者", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.破伤风杆菌产生(  )。", "options": {"A": "内毒素", "B": "肠毒素", "C": "神经毒素", "D": "红疹毒素"}, "answer": "神经毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "脊髓病所致音叉振动觉及位置觉缺失的病变部位在(  )。", "options": {"A": "红核脊髓束", "B": "前庭脊髓束", "C": "脊髓小脑束", "D": "薄束与楔束"}, "answer": "薄束与楔束", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,37岁。右下胸部撞伤6小时,伤后感上腹部疼痛,头晕,查体:血压90/70mmHg,心率110次/分,面色苍白,右腹部压痛、反跳痛、肌紧张较明显。X线透视示肝阴影扩大、右膈抬高。首先应考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "外伤性血气胸", "B": "肝破裂", "C": "右肾破裂", "D": "结肠肝曲破裂"}, "answer": "肝破裂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对解剖复位要求最高的骨折是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胫骨平台骨折", "B": "腓骨中段骨折", "C": "锁骨骨折", "D": "掌骨骨折"}, "answer": "胫骨平台骨折", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "临床上最常出现血尿的疾病是什么?(  )", "options": {"A": "免疫系统疾病", "B": "红斑狼疮", "C": "糖尿病", "D": "肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于质粒的叙述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "存在于大多数细菌的胞质中", "B": "是双链的线性分子", "C": "易从一个细菌转移入另一个细菌", "D": "常带抗药基因"}, "answer": "是双链的线性分子", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,3个月。生长发育良好,体重为5kg,因母亲患慢性疾病,须停用母乳而改牛奶喂养。1.每日所需水分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "850ml", "B": "750ml", "C": "550ml", "D": "450ml"}, "answer": "750ml", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有一类信号通路,其中的蛋白激酶功能与G蛋白、磷脂酶C及钙离子功能相关。这类信号通路称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋白激酶G通路", "B": "蛋白激酶C通路", "C": "酪氨酸蛋白激酶通路", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "蛋白激酶C通路", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对急性脑梗死患者,下述哪一种情况不适于溶栓治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "CT证实无出血灶", "B": "发病6小时以内", "C": "出凝血时间正常", "D": "头部CT出现低密度灶"}, "answer": "头部CT出现低密度灶", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "用直接电镜法可做出早期快速诊断的病毒是(  )。", "options": {"A": "疱疹病毒", "B": "轮状病毒", "C": "流感病毒", "D": "巨细胞病毒"}, "answer": "轮状病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性宫颈炎患者的主要临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "月经量增多", "B": "白带增多", "C": "腰骶酸痛感", "D": "血性白带"}, "answer": "白带增多", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "10个月小儿,因高热4天伴反复惊厥入院。体检:体温39.2℃,神志清,嗜睡,颈部抵抗,心、肺、腹无异常。Kerning征阳性、Brudzinski征阳性、Barbinski征阴性;血常规:WBC 8×109/L,N 0.89,L0.11;脑脊液常规:WBC1200×106/L,N 0.78,L 0.22,涂片可见革兰阳性双球菌,PPD试验阴性(1:2000)。4.治疗过程中,最易出现的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硬膜下积液", "B": "脑脓肿", "C": "脑积水", "D": "脑性低钠血症"}, "answer": "硬膜下积液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "禁用于肾功能不全患者的抗菌药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素G", "B": "阿莫西林", "C": "阿米卡星", "D": "阿奇霉素"}, "answer": "阿米卡星", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某病人,腹膜后一肿瘤,结节状,鱼肉样,瘤细胞以多形性脂肪母细胞为主,形态多样,可诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "圆形细胞型脂肪肉瘤", "B": "多形性脂肪肉瘤", "C": "黏液瘤", "D": "黏液样型脂肪肉瘤"}, "answer": "多形性脂肪肉瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "乳酸循环所需的NADH主要来自(  )。", "options": {"A": "谷氨酸脱氢产生的NADH", "B": "三羧酸循环过程中产生的NADH", "C": "糖酵解过程中3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢产生的NADH", "D": "磷酸戊糖途径产生的NADPH经转氢生成的NADH"}, "answer": "糖酵解过程中3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢产生的NADH", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于类风湿关节炎描述不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "类风湿结节是血管炎的一种表现", "B": "晨僵可出现在95%以上的患者", "C": "血清类风湿因子阳性可出现在98%以上的患者", "D": "最常见合并的肺病变是肺间质病变"}, "answer": "血清类风湿因子阳性可出现在98%以上的患者", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,38岁,发冷、发热、寒战、头晕3天,体温38℃,巩膜黄染,肝肋下2.5cm,尿胆原阳性,尿镜下无红细胞,尿隐血阳性,过去有肝炎史,诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆石症", "B": "慢性肝炎急性发作", "C": "溶血性贫血", "D": "以上全不是"}, "answer": "溶血性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.渗出性结核性胸膜炎属(  )。", "options": {"A": "变质性炎症", "B": "浆液性炎症", "C": "纤维素性炎症", "D": "化脓性炎症"}, "answer": "浆液性炎症", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.呼吸困难,咳粉红色泡沫样痰,双肺满布干、湿啰音,双下肢无水肿,诊断宜首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性左心衰竭", "B": "慢性右心衰竭", "C": "慢性左心衰", "D": "急性右心衰竭"}, "answer": "急性左心衰竭", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医学伦理学的特征之一是(  )。", "options": {"A": "灵活性", "B": "实践性", "C": "集体性", "D": "组织性"}, "answer": "实践性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "神经症性症状,以下哪项按等级诊断排在首位?(  )", "options": {"A": "焦虑症", "B": "疑病症", "C": "癔症", "D": "神经衰弱"}, "answer": "癔症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "结核自然感染,PPD阳性反应的特点,不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "硬结质地硬,颜色深", "B": "反应持续时间可达7~10天", "C": "硬结消退后留有色素沉着,脱屑", "D": "自然感染后PPD阳性持续3~5年"}, "answer": "自然感染后PPD阳性持续3~5年", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肱骨中段粉碎性骨折,选用哪种手术方法较好?(  )", "options": {"A": "加压钢板固定", "B": "手法复位,夹板固定", "C": "普通钢板固定", "D": "骨牵引治疗"}, "answer": "手法复位,夹板固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪种物质使胃蛋白酶原转变成胃蛋白酶?(  )", "options": {"A": "Na+", "B": "K+", "C": "HCl", "D": "内因子"}, "answer": "HCl", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "钩端螺旋体病主要的传染源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鼠、猪", "B": "鼠、牛", "C": "猪、羊", "D": "猪、狗"}, "answer": "鼠、猪", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "抗休克治疗后,下列提示微循环改善的指标中,临床上最有意义的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿量已达30ml/h", "B": "肤色转红润", "C": "神智变清楚", "D": "肢端温度上升"}, "answer": "尿量已达30ml/h", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "治疗肺炎链球菌脑膜炎的首选药物为(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素", "B": "先锋霉素", "C": "氨苄西林", "D": "青霉素+氯霉素"}, "answer": "青霉素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,25岁。右上腹刀刺伤1小时,烦躁、恶心、呕吐。查体:P 106次/分,BP 110/80mmHg,腹肌紧张,有局限压痛和反跳痛。 CVP 4cmH2O,Hb 100g/L,血细胞比容0.35。首先应进行的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "镇静、止痛", "B": "肠胃减压", "C": "快速输平衡盐溶液", "D": "快速输全血"}, "answer": "快速输平衡盐溶液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "支气管肺炎合并心力衰竭时,应立即给予何种处理?(  )", "options": {"A": "静脉给予心肌营养剂", "B": "口服地高辛", "C": "静脉给予地塞米松", "D": "静脉给予毒毛花苷K制剂"}, "answer": "静脉给予毒毛花苷K制剂", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "股骨颈骨折好发于(  )。", "options": {"A": "儿童", "B": "成年人", "C": "老年人", "D": "无年龄差别"}, "answer": "老年人", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,48岁。5年前患右上肺结核,痰菌阳性,经异烟肼、链霉素和乙胺丁醇治疗6个月,痰菌转阴,病灶明显吸收,自行停药,未再随访。近1个月来感乏力,2天前起咳嗽,痰中带血就诊。X线胸片示右上肺大片密影,边缘不清,密度不均,高密度病灶部分隐约见有钙化。侧位病变位于肺上叶尖后段,呈团块状,约4cm×4.5cm大小,边界毛糙。家庭中近期有人患肺结核。1.本例最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺癌", "B": "肺结核恶化", "C": "肺结核复发", "D": "肺结核合并细菌性感染"}, "answer": "肺结核复发", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,56岁。2年来表现为烦渴多食、多饮、多尿,体重下降,疲倦无力,注意力不集中,失眠,情绪低落,主动性差,反应迟钝。1周前出现兴奋不安,言语紊乱而住院。2.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺皮质功能减退所致精神障碍", "B": "甲状腺功能减退所致精神障碍", "C": "糖尿病所致精神障碍", "D": "肾上腺皮质功能亢进所致精神障碍"}, "answer": "糖尿病所致精神障碍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "根据蛋白尿的发生机制,尿蛋白可分为五类,下列哪一类是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "肾小球性蛋白尿", "B": "肾小管性蛋白尿", "C": "分泌性蛋白尿", "D": "假性蛋白尿"}, "answer": "假性蛋白尿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性骨髓炎转为慢性骨髓炎的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "局部血运差", "B": "患肢固定时间短", "C": "细菌毒力强", "D": "未能早期诊断、早期治疗"}, "answer": "未能早期诊断、早期治疗", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,35岁,双手关节疼痛6个月,偶有肿胀,晨僵约30min,间断低热。查体:双手指间关节压痛阳性,未见明显肿胀和活动受限。血红蛋白102g/L,WBC 2.8×109/L,血小板123×109/L;尿蛋白1.0g/L;血沉52mm/h。为明确诊断首要的检查项目是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗核抗体谱", "B": "双手X线检查", "C": "肾脏穿刺", "D": "急性期反应物"}, "answer": "抗核抗体谱", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "病人发生甲状腺功能亢进时,其131I摄取率2小时至少超过(  )。", "options": {"A": "15%", "B": "20%", "C": "25%", "D": "30%"}, "answer": "25%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,22岁,既往有HBsAg阳性史,10天前无诱因发热,体温逐渐上升,波动于37.5~39℃,近3天体温持续在38.5~39.5℃不降,伴有食欲缺乏、乏力、腹胀及尿黄。查体:T39.5℃,P88次/分,BP110/70mmHg,神清,表情淡漠,未见皮疹,巩膜轻度黄染,心肺未见异常,腹软,右下腹压痛(+),肝右肋下2cm,脾未触及,肝浊音区不小,移动性浊音阴性,双下肢无浮肿。化验:白细胞3.5×109/L,中性粒细胞0.6,淋巴细胞0.4,血HBsAg(+),抗-HBsAg。4.该患者可能发生的严重并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心肌炎", "B": "急性胆囊炎", "C": "肠出血、肠穿孔", "D": "肝昏迷"}, "answer": "肠出血、肠穿孔", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,45岁。车祸中头部受伤后出现短暂昏迷,1.5小时后剧烈头痛,频繁呕吐。急诊查体:神志清楚,双侧瞳孔大小多变,对光反射迟钝,肢体活动正常。行头颅CT检查过程中,发生呼吸骤停。其呼吸骤停最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑挫裂伤", "B": "脑震荡", "C": "急性颅后窝血肿并发枕骨大孔疝", "D": "急性颅内血肿并发小脑幕切迹疝"}, "answer": "急性颅后窝血肿并发枕骨大孔疝", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "新斯的明兴奋骨骼肌的作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制胆碱酯酶", "B": "直接激动骨骼肌运动终板上的N2受体", "C": "促进运动神经末梢释放ACh", "D": "A+B+C"}, "answer": "A+B+C", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "营养性缺铁性贫血的临床表现,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "年长儿可有头晕、眼前发黑、耳鸣等", "B": "注意力不集中,记忆力减退", "C": "免疫功能低下,易合并感染", "D": "年龄愈大,肝脾大越明显"}, "answer": "年龄愈大,肝脾大越明显", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿受结核感染至PPD试验阳性的时间为(  )。", "options": {"A": "2~4周", "B": "4~8周", "C": "10~12周", "D": "12~14周"}, "answer": "4~8周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "最常见肉眼血尿反复发作的肾小球疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性链球菌感染后肾小球肾炎", "B": "急进性肾小球肾炎", "C": "IgA肾病", "D": "狼疮性肾炎"}, "answer": "IgA肾病", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有感染高危因素的院内肺炎病原体排在首位的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大肠杆菌", "B": "肺炎链球菌", "C": "铜绿假单胞菌", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,38岁,上腹疼痛6年。餐前痛、伴反酸,近日疼痛加重,且呈持续性向腰背部放射,有时低热。胃肠钡剂检查示:十二指肠壶腹部变形;血白细胞11×109/L,中性粒细胞0.780。诊断首先考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃溃疡", "B": "胃癌", "C": "十二指肠穿透性溃疡", "D": "胃黏膜脱垂"}, "answer": "十二指肠穿透性溃疡", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "手术区皮肤消毒范围边缘至少距手术切口(  )。", "options": {"A": "15cm", "B": "13cm", "C": "10cm", "D": "17cm"}, "answer": "15cm", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,7岁,水肿1周。查体:全身明显水肿,血压120/80mmHg。尿常规:蛋白(+++),红细胞10~15个/HP。血清蛋白22g/L,胆固醇7.8mmol/L。诊断为肾病综合征,给予泼尼松1.5~2mg/(kg·d)口服,2周后尿蛋白转阴性。下一步治疗应(  )。", "options": {"A": "继续用原量4周再逐渐减量", "B": "继续用原量2周再逐渐减量", "C": "停药", "D": "上述剂量改为隔日晨顿服2~4周减量1次"}, "answer": "继续用原量2周再逐渐减量", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "既往身体健康的成年人,社区获得性肺炎的常见病原体不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "铜绿假单胞菌", "B": "肺炎支原体", "C": "肺炎衣原体", "D": "肺炎链球菌"}, "answer": "铜绿假单胞菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "脓性卡他、蜂窝织炎,以及脓肿的区分的主要根据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "白细胞渗出的数量", "B": "致病菌和发生的部位不同", "C": "是否形成脓腔", "D": "细菌种类不同"}, "answer": "致病菌和发生的部位不同", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "张某,女性,35岁。一个月前因多发性子宫肌瘤行子宫切除术,术后恢复良好,但病人情绪低落,常常独自流泪,各种兴趣下降,整夜难眠,经常出现轻生的念头。3.对于这种病人,临床上一般采取哪些干预措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "支持性心理治疗", "B": "放松疗法", "C": "药物治疗", "D": "以上均可以"}, "answer": "以上均可以", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "与前置胎盘的发生无关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "妊娠高血压综合征", "B": "受精卵滋养层发育迟缓", "C": "胎盘面积过大", "D": "多次刮宫"}, "answer": "妊娠高血压综合征", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "初产妇,29岁,孕35周,子痫前期,突然出现腹痛伴有阴道少量流血。血压100/70mmHg,子宫张力高,宫底剑突下2指,胎心不清。3.术中最可能发生的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎盘粘连", "B": "产后出血", "C": "急性肾衰竭", "D": "羊水栓塞"}, "answer": "产后出血", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "中年男性,近年来与妻子关系紧张,常失眠,夜间盘问妻子一天的行踪,并搜索包内物品,白日跟踪妻子,认为妻子与单位的男同事有不正当关系,曾写信到单位“检举揭发”,打匿名电话警告妻子单位的男同事。吃饭时认为菜里有洗衣粉的味道,怀疑是妻子与别人联合起来对付他。3.此病人考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "人格障碍", "B": "心境障碍", "C": "恐惧症", "D": "精神分裂症"}, "answer": "精神分裂症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "股骨颈骨折后,下列体征不可能出现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "髋部叩击痛", "B": "Bryant三角底边短缩", "C": "大转子在Nelaton线上方", "D": "患肢略长于健侧"}, "answer": "患肢略长于健侧", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.闭眼困难(  )。", "options": {"A": "动眼神经损害", "B": "三叉神经损害", "C": "面神经损害", "D": "舌下神经损害"}, "answer": "面神经损害", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "最有助于诊断肠结核的病理改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "黏膜弥漫性炎症", "B": "节段性炎症", "C": "匍行沟槽样溃疡", "D": "干酪性肉芽肿"}, "answer": "干酪性肉芽肿", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某地级市医院于2001年10月对患者李某行胃大部切除,胃空肠吻合术。手术操作无误,术后恢复良好。第5天李某感到张口、下咽困难,第6天出现角弓反张、抽搐,诊断为破伤风,经医院抢救无效,于10月11日死亡。患者家属找到市卫生行政部门申诉。经市医学会10月31日鉴定,不属于医疗事故。并在当日将通知书交与家属。家属对此有异议。家属可以向市卫生行政部门申请再鉴定的有效期限是(  )。", "options": {"A": "11月5日前", "B": "11月7日前", "C": "11月15日前", "D": "11月30日前"}, "answer": "11月15日前", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医师注册后应当由卫生行政部门注销注册的情形之一是(  )。", "options": {"A": "受警告行政处罚", "B": "受责令暂停6个月执业活动的行政处罚", "C": "中止医师执业活动满1年的", "D": "受吊销执业证书行政处罚的"}, "answer": "受吊销执业证书行政处罚的", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "氨基糖苷类抗生素的不良反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "耳蜗听神经损伤", "B": "肝毒性", "C": "心脏毒性", "D": "消化道反应"}, "answer": "耳蜗听神经损伤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.皮疹为皮肤上同时存在斑疹、丘疹、水疱疹和结痂疹,可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "猩红热", "B": "水痘", "C": "麻疹", "D": "风疹"}, "answer": "水痘", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,8天,足月顺产,母乳喂养。近2日来哭声低弱,不吃奶,黄疸加深。体检:体温不升,面色发灰,脐部有脓性分泌物。血清总胆红素221μmol/L(13mg/dL),直接胆红素17μmol/L(1mg/dL),子血型“O”,母血型“A”。引起黄疸的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "母乳性黄疸", "B": "新生儿败血症", "C": "新生儿ABO溶血病", "D": "新生儿Rh溶血病"}, "answer": "新生儿败血症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,21岁。足底被生锈钉刺伤后8天,四肢抽搐2天,发作时头颈部后仰、强直,牙关紧闭,口唇青紫,大汗淋漓。该患者最严重的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨折", "B": "肺部感染", "C": "窒息", "D": "脑疝"}, "answer": "窒息", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "10个月男婴,经常出现夜惊不宁,近1周加重,多汗、烦闹。2.该患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "佝偻病", "B": "上呼吸道感染", "C": "正常儿", "D": "消化不良"}, "answer": "佝偻病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "胆汁中与消化有关最重要的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化酶", "B": "胆盐", "C": "卵磷脂", "D": "胆色素"}, "answer": "胆盐", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿脊柱出现胸椎后突在(  )。", "options": {"A": "出生后2个月", "B": "出生后3个月", "C": "出生后6个月", "D": "出生后8个月"}, "answer": "出生后6个月", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "头围和胸围相等的年龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1岁", "B": "2岁", "C": "3岁", "D": "4岁"}, "answer": "1岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "中度发热的口腔温度是(  )。", "options": {"A": "37.3~37.9℃", "B": "37~37.2℃", "C": "38~38.9℃", "D": "39~40.9℃"}, "answer": "38~38.9℃", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,62岁。咳嗽、胸闷、气促2周。高血压病史10年。查体:BP 150/90mmHg,气管左移,右胸叩诊实音,右肺呼吸音消失。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "冠心病", "B": "胸腔积液", "C": "心力衰竭", "D": "肺血栓栓塞"}, "answer": "胸腔积液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,65岁,因心前区疼痛2小时来院急诊。心电图示急性广泛前壁心肌梗死伴多源性室性早搏。入院体检:气急、不能平卧,血压140/80mmHg,心率120次/min,两肺散在细湿啰音,伴少量哮鸣音,并有奔马律。2.患者呼吸困难,考虑存在有(  )。", "options": {"A": "左心衰竭", "B": "右心衰竭", "C": "全心衰竭", "D": "肺部感染"}, "answer": "左心衰竭", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "耐药质粒的组成部分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "γ决定因子与gal基因", "B": "RTF与γ决定因子", "C": "RTF(耐药传递因子)与F因子", "D": "γ决定因子与bio基因"}, "answer": "RTF与γ决定因子", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,44岁。右颈部包块伴发热1个月入院,活检诊断为弥漫性大细胞型,B细胞来源,脾肋下5cm,肝不大,骨髓穿刺涂片内有12%淋巴肉瘤细胞。3.治疗应采取(  )。", "options": {"A": "脾切除", "B": "联合化疗", "C": "颈淋巴结切除", "D": "免疫抑制剂"}, "answer": "联合化疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有关腹膜的叙述,哪项正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "腹膜是由上皮细胞组成的一层薄膜", "B": "网膜不是腹膜形成的", "C": "腹膜的面积约1m2", "D": "壁腹膜主要受肋间神经和腰神经支配,痛觉敏感,定位准确"}, "answer": "壁腹膜主要受肋间神经和腰神经支配,痛觉敏感,定位准确", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.滑动疝(  )。", "options": {"A": "疝环位于腹壁下动脉的内侧", "B": "疝内容物为多个肠袢", "C": "疝囊位于股管内", "D": "疝囊部分由盲肠构成"}, "answer": "疝囊部分由盲肠构成", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列各种复位方法操作不当会发生股骨头骨折的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Allis法", "B": "Biglew法", "C": "Stimson法", "D": "Hippocrates法"}, "answer": "Biglew法", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,25岁。发热、咽痛2天后出现肉眼血尿,血压130/70mmHg(17.3/9.4kPa),扁桃体Ⅱ度大、充血,余查体未见异常,血肌酐正常。2.有关该病的病理诊断,下述哪项叙述不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "电镜在诊断中没有价值", "B": "必须进行免疫荧光或免疫组化检查", "C": "肾组织中可能见到新月体", "D": "光镜下可见肾间质呈灶性细胞增生"}, "answer": "电镜在诊断中没有价值", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不符合流感病毒的特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "具有分节段的RNA", "B": "不易发生抗原性变异", "C": "具有神经氨酸酶刺突", "D": "具有植物血凝素刺突"}, "answer": "不易发生抗原性变异", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "足月儿生后第1小时内呼吸频率是(  )。", "options": {"A": "20~30次/分", "B": "40~50次/分", "C": "60~80次/分", "D": "100~110次/分"}, "answer": "60~80次/分", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩,1岁,确诊为先天性甲状腺功能减低症,应用L-甲状腺素钠治疗,剂量为每日50μg。近几天患儿烦躁不安、多汗、腹泻,此时应(  )。", "options": {"A": "先密切观察不作特殊处理", "B": "改用甲状腺干粉片", "C": "立即停药", "D": "减少剂量"}, "answer": "减少剂量", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "能减弱双香豆素类抗凝血作用的药物有(  )。", "options": {"A": "广谱抗生素", "B": "甲苯磺丁脲", "C": "苯巴比妥", "D": "西咪替丁"}, "answer": "苯巴比妥", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,56岁。饮酒20年,进行性吞咽困难5个月,体重下降5kg,查体无阳性所见。2.首选检查方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部CT", "B": "食管钡餐造影", "C": "食管镜检查活检", "D": "胸部MRI"}, "answer": "食管镜检查活检", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一侧三叉神经脊束核的病损表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "同侧面部呈洋葱皮样分布的痛温觉及触觉障碍", "B": "同侧面部呈现洋葱皮样分布的分离性痛温觉障碍", "C": "对侧面部呈洋葱皮样分布的痛、温觉及触觉障碍", "D": "咀嚼无力,下颌反射消失,张口时下颌向同侧偏斜"}, "answer": "同侧面部呈现洋葱皮样分布的分离性痛温觉障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "已知某病患者8人的潜伏期(天)分别是6、8、8、10、12、15、16、>17,平均潜伏天数为(  )。", "options": {"A": "8", "B": "11", "C": "12", "D": "15"}, "answer": "11", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某县妇幼保健院组织医疗队下乡为孕妇、产妇进行产前定期检查。2.孕产期保健服务的该项内容中还包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "对孕育健康后代提供医学意见", "B": "为产妇提供卫生方面的咨询", "C": "为胎儿生长发育进行监护", "D": "为胎儿生长发育提供咨询"}, "answer": "为产妇提供卫生方面的咨询", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "β受体阻断药对下述何种心律失常疗效最好?(  )", "options": {"A": "心房颤动", "B": "窦性心动过速", "C": "室性心动过速", "D": "阵发性室上性心动过速"}, "answer": "窦性心动过速", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以肾小球壁层上皮细胞增生为主的肾炎类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膜增生性肾小球肾炎", "B": "微小病变型肾小球肾炎", "C": "新月体性肾小球肾炎", "D": "急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "新月体性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.慢性弥漫性硬化性肾炎的特点(  )。", "options": {"A": "多尿、夜尿、低比重尿", "B": "脓尿", "C": "无痛性血尿", "D": "肾病综合征"}, "answer": "多尿、夜尿、低比重尿", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,32岁。反复发作无痛性肉眼血尿4年,多于上呼吸道感染后出现,间歇期尿RBC 3~5/HP,无水肿及高血压,无肾脏病家族史。其血尿最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球肾炎", "B": "尿路结石", "C": "泌尿系结核", "D": "尿路感染"}, "answer": "肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项为肾综合征出血热的“三大”主征?(  )", "options": {"A": "发热、休克、少尿", "B": "发热、出血、肾损害", "C": "发热、出血、“三痛”", "D": "休克、少尿、“三痛”"}, "answer": "发热、出血、肾损害", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,30岁,在家属陪同下首次来门诊看病,精神检查发现有妄想症状。1.如果诊断考虑是精神分裂症,其妄想应具有下列哪一个特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "妄想的内容与精神刺激内容一致", "B": "妄想是逐渐产生的", "C": "妄想内容奇特、荒谬", "D": "妄想内容与心境障碍相协调"}, "answer": "妄想内容奇特、荒谬", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,40岁,多年饮酒,不饮酒则身体难受、失眠、出汗、心烦等。两天来停饮,出现幻视,并且听到有声音议论他。此人所患疾病可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心因性精神障碍", "B": "精神分裂症", "C": "酒精中毒性幻觉症", "D": "焦虑症"}, "answer": "酒精中毒性幻觉症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,62岁。近1年来劳累时胸痛,休息或含服硝酸甘油后数分钟即可缓解。既往高血压病史10余年,药物控制满意。实验室检查:血LDL-C 2.16mmol/L,改善患者预后的药物不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "硝酸异山梨酯", "B": "福辛普利", "C": "美托洛尔", "D": "阿司匹林"}, "answer": "硝酸异山梨酯", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "足月新生儿,心率波动范围是(  )。", "options": {"A": "60~140次/分", "B": "90~120次/分", "C": "90~160次/分", "D": "100~180次/分"}, "answer": "90~160次/分", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "胃食管反流病的主要发病机制不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "夜间胃酸分泌过多", "B": "异常的食管下括约肌一过性松弛", "C": "胃排空异常", "D": "食管清除能力下降"}, "answer": "夜间胃酸分泌过多", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.病毒基因组不能编码病毒表面抗原的缺陷性病毒是(  )。", "options": {"A": "轮状病毒", "B": "EB病毒", "C": "狂犬病毒", "D": "丁型肝炎病毒"}, "answer": "丁型肝炎病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "参与胞外菌免疫的细胞主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD4Th2", "B": "CD4Th1", "C": "中性粒细胞", "D": "B细胞"}, "answer": "CD4Th2", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "左向右分流型先天性心脏病出现显著肺动脉高压时,主要改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右心房增大", "B": "左心室增大", "C": "左心房增大", "D": "右心室增大"}, "answer": "右心室增大", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.脊髓的抑制性中间神经元属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "感受器", "B": "效应器", "C": "神经中枢", "D": "传出神经"}, "answer": "神经中枢", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哪种微生物营养要求条件最低?(  )", "options": {"A": "支原体", "B": "螺旋体", "C": "立克次体", "D": "真菌"}, "answer": "真菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.肱骨外上髁炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "Mills试验阳性", "B": "肩关节外展受限", "C": "肩部疼痛、无活动受限", "D": "Finkelstein试验阳性"}, "answer": "Mills试验阳性", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是引起成年人肾病综合征的最常见肾炎?(  )", "options": {"A": "膜性肾炎", "B": "局灶性节段性肾小球硬化", "C": "链球菌感染后肾炎", "D": "新月体性肾炎"}, "answer": "膜性肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.Mφ(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ab阻断、中和作用", "B": "调理作用", "C": "裂解细胞作用", "D": "ADCC"}, "answer": "ADCC", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "蛛网膜下腔出血最常见的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血液病", "B": "高血压", "C": "脑动脉粥样硬化", "D": "先天性颅内动脉瘤"}, "answer": "先天性颅内动脉瘤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,66岁。活动后突发左侧胸痛伴呼吸困难1天。既往慢性阻塞性肺疾病史10余年。查体:R 26次/分,BP 95/60mmHg。口唇发绀,左肺呼吸音明显减弱,心率102次/分,律齐。2.为明确诊断,应先采取的检查措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CT肺动脉造影", "B": "支气管镜", "C": "胸部X线片", "D": "心电图"}, "answer": "胸部X线片", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "密码与反密码配对时,不遵从碱基配对规律,称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "密码的连续性", "B": "密码的简并性", "C": "密码的通用性", "D": "密码的摆动性"}, "answer": "密码的摆动性", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "右心衰竭的主要体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心音低钝", "B": "颈静脉怒张", "C": "急性肺水肿", "D": "心前区疼痛"}, "answer": "颈静脉怒张", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA),出现相应的症状及体征,完全恢复最长应在(精神、神经系统)(  )。", "options": {"A": "12小时内", "B": "24小时内", "C": "48小时内", "D": "72小时内"}, "answer": "24小时内", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,48岁。放置宫内节育器(IUD)10年,不规则阴道流血3个月。妇科检查:宫颈光滑。宫颈细胞学检查无异常。首选处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "止血药治疗", "B": "抗感染治疗", "C": "取出IUD+诊断性刮宫术", "D": "人工周期治疗"}, "answer": "取出IUD+诊断性刮宫术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "伤寒患者最严重的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中毒性肝炎", "B": "肠出血", "C": "肠穿孔", "D": "急性胆囊炎"}, "answer": "肠穿孔", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "脂褐素大量增加最常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞萎缩", "B": "细胞坏死", "C": "细胞水样变", "D": "细胞玻璃样变"}, "answer": "细胞萎缩", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "新生儿生后(  )。", "options": {"A": "6小时内排出胎便", "B": "18小时内排出胎便", "C": "24小时内排出胎便", "D": "36小时内排出胎便"}, "answer": "24小时内排出胎便", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于肾小管HCO3﹣重吸收的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主要在近端小管重吸收", "B": "HCO3﹣是以CO2扩散的形式重吸收", "C": "HCO3﹣重吸收需碳酸酐酶的帮助", "D": "C1﹣的重吸收优先于HCO3﹣的重吸收"}, "answer": "C1﹣的重吸收优先于HCO3﹣的重吸收", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪一项不是导致前置胎盘的高危因素?(  )", "options": {"A": "多次刮宫", "B": "副胎盘", "C": "身材矮小", "D": "经产妇"}, "answer": "身材矮小", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "颈动脉体最敏感的刺激是血液中的(  )。", "options": {"A": "CO2分压下降", "B": "感受器所处环境的PO2", "C": "高氧", "D": "H+浓度降低"}, "answer": "感受器所处环境的PO2", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,58岁。近半年工作压力大,经常出现差错,刚做过的事就记不起来,性格变得古怪,喜怒无常,有时情绪低落。一次喝了50ml啤酒后,找不到家而露宿街头。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "复发性抑郁症", "B": "阿尔茨海默病", "C": "躁狂症", "D": "神游症"}, "answer": "阿尔茨海默病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女性,85岁,吸烟30余年,反复咳嗽、咳痰20年,气喘10年,水肿、尿少10天。查体:血压110/50mmHg,嗜睡,呼吸促,球结膜水肿,口唇发绀,颈静脉怒张,左肺闻及湿啰音,P2>A2.肝大,肋下2cm,双下肢水肿。pH 7.32,PaCO2 75mmHg,Pa02 42mmHg。1.目前患者诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病", "B": "慢性支气管炎", "C": "慢性肺源性心脏病,肺性脑病,Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭", "D": "急性脑血管疾病"}, "answer": "慢性肺源性心脏病,肺性脑病,Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,20岁,有明显糖尿病症状,每日胰岛素用量36U,夜里出现多汗、心悸、手抖,晨起查血糖10.3mmol/L(186mg/dl),应采取的措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "调换胰岛素类型", "B": "增加晚餐用量", "C": "加大胰岛素用量", "D": "减少晚餐前胰岛素用量"}, "answer": "减少晚餐前胰岛素用量", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "抗毒素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是抗体,不是抗原", "B": "是抗原,不是抗体", "C": "即是抗原,又是抗体", "D": "是异嗜性抗原"}, "answer": "即是抗原,又是抗体", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "临床诊断脊柱结核,下述哪一项指标最有价值?(  )", "options": {"A": "穿刺液作结核菌培养", "B": "X线摄片", "C": "消瘦、贫血、盗汗及食欲不振", "D": "结核菌素试验"}, "answer": "X线摄片", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.可出现Homans征阳性的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "雷诺综合征", "B": "下肢深静脉血栓形成", "C": "血栓闭塞性脉管炎", "D": "单纯性下肢静脉曲张"}, "answer": "下肢深静脉血栓形成", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.Crohn病的病变大多位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "末段回肠", "B": "十二指肠", "C": "全结肠", "D": "直肠、乙状结肠"}, "answer": "末段回肠", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "静脉注射甘露醇引起尿量增多是通过(  )。", "options": {"A": "增加小管液中溶质的浓度", "B": "减少抗利尿激素的释放", "C": "减少醛固酮的释放", "D": "降低远曲小管和集合管对水的通透性"}, "answer": "增加小管液中溶质的浓度", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.可引起菌血症的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "α-溶血性链球菌", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "C": "鼠伤寒沙门菌", "D": "腐生葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "α-溶血性链球菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "维持机体新陈代谢所必需的能量,为小儿所特有的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生长发育所需", "B": "食物特殊动力作用", "C": "活动所需", "D": "排泄损失能量"}, "answer": "生长发育所需", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "我国中毒型细菌性痢疾常见的病原体为(  )。", "options": {"A": "志贺痢疾杆菌", "B": "福氏痢疾杆菌", "C": "宋氏痢疾杆菌", "D": "舒密次痢疾杆菌"}, "answer": "福氏痢疾杆菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "等渗性缺水的临床表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "短期内体液的丧失达体重3%时有休克", "B": "休克常伴有代谢性酸中毒", "C": "明显口渴", "D": "化验检查见血清Na+降低"}, "answer": "休克常伴有代谢性酸中毒", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "反应体内贮铁情况的较敏感的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清铁蛋白(SF)<12μg/L", "B": "红细胞游离原卟啉(FEP)>0.9μmol/L", "C": "总铁结合力(TIBC)>62.7μmol/L", "D": "转铁蛋白饱和度(TS)<15%"}, "answer": "血清铁蛋白(SF)<12μg/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,45岁。体检发现空腹血糖8mmol/L,餐后2小时血糖13mmol/L,血清甘油三酯3.5mmol/L,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇3.6mmol/L,无明显不适,半年内体重下降10kg。查体:BP 160/110mmHg,BMI 28,心肺查体无阳性发现。2.降血压首选的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "受体阻滞剂", "B": "血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂", "C": "利尿剂", "D": "β受体阻滞剂"}, "answer": "血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "看到周围的楼房、树木、人物变得比正常时大许多,这种现象是(  )。", "options": {"A": "视物变小症", "B": "错觉", "C": "视物显大症", "D": "空间知觉障碍"}, "answer": "视物显大症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "病毒性肝炎中见明显碎片状坏死和桥接坏死的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性黄疸型肝炎", "B": "慢性持续性肝炎", "C": "慢性活动性肝炎", "D": "急性重型肝炎"}, "answer": "慢性活动性肝炎", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性血源性骨髓炎早期局部穿刺的正确方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "逐层穿刺", "B": "一次穿入骨膜下", "C": "一次穿入骨髓腔", "D": "不可穿入骨髓内"}, "answer": "逐层穿刺", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.关节结核(  )。", "options": {"A": "关节痛表现为病隋缓慢,肿而不红,穿刺见脓液", "B": "关节痛表现为多发性,有畸形及功能障碍,穿刺液见白细胞数增多,中性粒细胞占0.75", "C": "关节痛表现为急性发作,高热,红肿明显,不能活动,白细胞高,关节液白细胞甚多,中性粒细胞占0.90", "D": "关节附近痛,急性发作,高热,红肿不明显,深压痛,不愿意活动关节,白细胞明显增高"}, "answer": "关节痛表现为病隋缓慢,肿而不红,穿刺见脓液", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不是佐剂应有的生物学作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "提高抗体的滴度", "B": "可特异性的增强免疫功能", "C": "改变循环抗体的类型", "D": "促进炎症的发生"}, "answer": "可特异性的增强免疫功能", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "最有助于诊断克罗恩病的病理改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "黏膜弥漫性炎症", "B": "不典型增生", "C": "干酪性肉芽肿", "D": "非干酪性肉芽肿"}, "answer": "非干酪性肉芽肿", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,22岁,患糖尿病7年,一直用胰岛素治疗。1小时前昏迷,检查皮肤湿冷,血压120/80mmHg,BUN 4.3mmol/L,CO2CP 22.0mmol/L。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高渗性非酮症性糖尿病昏迷", "B": "乳酸性酸中毒昏迷", "C": "低血糖昏迷", "D": "脑血管疾病"}, "answer": "低血糖昏迷", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.作为消毒灭菌是否彻底的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "菌毛", "B": "芽胞", "C": "异染颗粒", "D": "荚膜"}, "answer": "芽胞", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "受血者配血试验的血标本必须是输血前几天的(  )。", "options": {"A": "1天之内的", "B": "3天之内的", "C": "4天之内的", "D": "5天之内的"}, "answer": "3天之内的", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.成年人甲状腺功能低下可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "侏儒症", "B": "呆小症", "C": "粘液水肿", "D": "巨人症"}, "answer": "粘液水肿", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩,5岁,发热,喷射性呕吐3天,伴剧烈头痛1天,全身性抽搐2次,每次约3分钟缓解,抽搐后嗜睡。查体:神志恍惚,面色灰白,体温38.8℃。末梢血检查:白细胞明显升高,以中性粒细胞为主。2.为确定诊断为化脓性脑膜炎,最重要的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰穿做脑脊液,常规及生化", "B": "血常规,白细胞总数和分类", "C": "脑电图检查", "D": "脑CT检查"}, "answer": "腰穿做脑脊液,常规及生化", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.因受刑事处罚未注册的,自刑罚执行完毕之日起满2年的(  )。", "options": {"A": "只准从事预防业务", "B": "可以从事相应的医疗、预防、保健业务", "C": "不得从事医师执业活动", "D": "可以重新申请医师执业注册"}, "answer": "可以重新申请医师执业注册", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.与立体构型改变有关部位(  )。", "options": {"A": "VL+CL", "B": "铰链区", "C": "CH", "D": "CL"}, "answer": "铰链区", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪种肾炎不能演变成新月体性肾小球肾炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎", "B": "抗基底膜性肾小球肾炎", "C": "系膜增生性肾小球肾炎", "D": "轻微病变性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "轻微病变性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心脏骤停最重要的诊断依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心音消失", "B": "桡动脉搏动消失", "C": "呼吸断续", "D": "呼之不应"}, "answer": "心音消失", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.金黄色葡萄球菌感染,其脓液特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脓液稀薄,淡黄,量较多", "B": "脓液稠厚,黄色,不臭", "C": "脓液有特殊恶臭", "D": "脓液稠厚有粪臭"}, "answer": "脓液稠厚,黄色,不臭", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新生儿溶血疾病换血治疗的指征,血清胆红素在足月儿至少应大于(  )。", "options": {"A": "10mg/dl", "B": "15mg/dl", "C": "20mg/dl", "D": "25mg/dl"}, "answer": "20mg/dl", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,50岁。中上腹饥饿性隐痛反复发作15年,伴反酸、嗳气,进食和服用抑酸剂可缓解。3.如进行腹部检查,最具诊断价值的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹肌紧张", "B": "胃肠型", "C": "肝浊音界消失或缩小", "D": "墨菲氏征阳性"}, "answer": "肝浊音界消失或缩小", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在X线上鉴别成人脊椎结核和椎体肿瘤主要是观察(  )。", "options": {"A": "椎体骨质疏松的程度", "B": "椎旁软组织阴影的形态", "C": "椎间隙是否变狭窄或消失", "D": "椎体破坏的数目"}, "answer": "椎间隙是否变狭窄或消失", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于骨盆狭窄的诊断,哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "入口前后径长<10cm为骨盆入口狭窄", "B": "骨盆各径线比正常值小1cm为均小骨盆", "C": "坐骨棘间径9cm为中骨盆狭窄", "D": "骨盆出口横径+后矢状径=15cm属于正常范围"}, "answer": "骨盆各径线比正常值小1cm为均小骨盆", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,28岁。进行性膀胱刺激症状经抗生素治疗不见好转,且伴有右侧腰部胀痛及午后潮热,尿液检查对诊断有决定性意义的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血尿", "B": "脓尿", "C": "尿沉渣找结核杆菌", "D": "蛋白尿"}, "answer": "尿沉渣找结核杆菌", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "64岁男性,高血压病史6年,某日晨起出现复视,右侧肢体活动不灵。查体:血压110/90mmHg,左眼睑下垂,左眼外斜位,左眼球向上下内活动受限,右侧偏瘫,住院两天,无明显好转。最可能的初诊是(  )。", "options": {"A": "短暂脑缺血发作", "B": "脑出血(基底节区)", "C": "脑栓塞", "D": "椎基底动脉系统血栓形成"}, "answer": "椎基底动脉系统血栓形成", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,31岁。上腹疼2年,疼痛发作与情绪、饮食有关。查体:上腹部轻压痛。胃镜:胃窦皱襞平坦,可见黏膜下血管分布。此病例可诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化性溃疡", "B": "胃黏膜脱垂症", "C": "胃癌", "D": "慢性萎缩性胃炎"}, "answer": "慢性萎缩性胃炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项不符合小儿急性阑尾炎的临床特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "有右下腹明显压痛和肌紧张的典型体征", "B": "病情发展快且较重,早期即出现高热、呕吐等症状", "C": "穿孔率可达30%", "D": "治疗原则是早期手术"}, "answer": "有右下腹明显压痛和肌紧张的典型体征", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "坐位乘车时,急刹车,右膝前方受到撞击,出现右髋剧痛,髋关节运动障碍,处于屈曲、内收、内旋畸形状态。2.可能出现哪些合并损伤?(  )", "options": {"A": "坐骨神经损伤", "B": "股神经损伤", "C": "胫神经损伤", "D": "腓总神经损伤"}, "answer": "坐骨神经损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.医疗机构应当对因突发事件致病的人员(  )。", "options": {"A": "提供医疗救护和现场救援", "B": "应当按照规定将病人及其病历记录的复印件转送至接诊的或者指定的医疗机构", "C": "卫生防护措施,防止交叉感染和污染", "D": "医学观察措施"}, "answer": "提供医疗救护和现场救援", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.女性,64岁,右侧轻偏瘫两天,血压l80/120mmHg,头CT左基底区小低密度灶,诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "腔隙性脑梗死", "B": "高血压脑病", "C": "壳核出血", "D": "脑栓塞"}, "answer": "腔隙性脑梗死", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.主要减少肝糖输出的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胰岛素", "B": "格列本脲", "C": "吡格列酮", "D": "二甲双胍"}, "answer": "二甲双胍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "正常人先用力深吸气,然后以最快的速度呼出气体。第1s末的呼出气量占肺活量的百分数应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "83%", "B": "60%", "C": "99%", "D": "100%"}, "answer": "83%", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,35岁。右肾疼痛;尿常规红细胞充满视野,白细胞2~3/HP;尿路平片可见右下段输尿管走行区0.6cm高密度阴影。IVU可见右输尿管下段结石,其上输尿管轻度扩张,右肾轻度积水。2.患者中西药物治疗和大量饮水活动后绞痛解除,突然出现尿流中断及排尿终末痛,原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性前列腺炎", "B": "结石在输尿管间壁段", "C": "结石到膀胱", "D": "尿道炎"}, "answer": "结石到膀胱", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,37岁。1周来咳嗽、寒战、高热,最高体温40℃,血WBC 15.2×109/L,N 0.91,经阿莫西林抗感染治疗后体温下降不明显,逐渐出现呼吸急促。半月前颈部皮肤疖肿,自行结痂。胸部X线片示双肺可见多发直径2~3cm的边缘模糊的类圆形阴影,其内可见空洞。下列检查对明确诊断意义最大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管镜", "B": "动脉血气分析", "C": "胸部CT", "D": "血培养"}, "answer": "血培养", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "高分化鳞状细胞癌的镜下特点有(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞核大小不一", "B": "细胞质嗜碱性", "C": "血管丰富", "D": "角化珠的形成"}, "answer": "角化珠的形成", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,体重60kg,因外伤引起急性出血约2000ml,经手术止血并在应用晶体液和人造胶体液补足血容量(血压已稳定)的基础上,宜输注下列何种血制品(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞悬液(添加剂红细胞)", "B": "洗涤红细胞", "C": "新鲜冷冻血浆", "D": "保存全血"}, "answer": "红细胞悬液(添加剂红细胞)", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,6岁,近半个月不规则发热,伴关节肿痛,查体发现心率稍增快,心音低钝,心电可见T波平坦,医院确诊为风湿热。该患儿应首选什么药物治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "泼尼松", "B": "ATP、CoA、维生素C等", "C": "阿司匹林", "D": "强心药物"}, "answer": "泼尼松", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,55岁,反复不规则胃胀痛3年,胃镜诊断为萎缩性胃窦炎。2.临床疑有胃炎引起的上消化道出血,为确诊,合适的诊断方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急诊钡透", "B": "剖腹探查", "C": "急诊胃镜检查", "D": "吞钡试验"}, "answer": "急诊胃镜检查", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.在SLE中,特异性最高的抗体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗Sm抗体", "B": "抗核抗体", "C": "抗RNP抗体", "D": "抗磷脂抗体"}, "answer": "抗Sm抗体", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性胰腺炎的内科治疗不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制胃酸分泌", "B": "抗菌药物的应用", "C": "糖皮质激素抗炎", "D": "镇痛"}, "answer": "糖皮质激素抗炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "幼儿时生长激素分泌不足可导致(  )。", "options": {"A": "巨人症", "B": "侏儒症", "C": "向心性肥胖", "D": "肢端肥大症"}, "answer": "侏儒症", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "Ⅱ度营养不良的诊断标准,不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "体重低于正常小儿标准的25%~40%", "B": "腹壁皮下脂肪厚度0.8cm", "C": "皮肤干燥,苍白", "D": "身高较正常减低"}, "answer": "腹壁皮下脂肪厚度0.8cm", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不符合门静脉血流受阻后病理生理变化的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝性脑病", "B": "脾大", "C": "门静脉高压性胃病", "D": "交通支扩张"}, "answer": "肝性脑病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肝脏的血液供应来自门静脉的约占(  )。", "options": {"A": "30%~35%", "B": "40%~45%", "C": "50%~55%", "D": "70%~75%"}, "answer": "70%~75%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "Ⅲ型变态反应的重要病理学特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "嗜酸性粒细胞浸润", "B": "单核细胞浸润", "C": "充血水肿、局部坏死和中性粒细胞浸润", "D": "嗜碱性粒细胞浸润"}, "answer": "充血水肿、局部坏死和中性粒细胞浸润", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,37岁。发作性喘息2年。查体:双肺满布哮鸣音。X线片未发现异常。应首先采取的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸入糖皮质激素", "B": "口服抗过敏药物", "C": "静脉点滴抗生素", "D": "使用支气管舒张剂"}, "answer": "使用支气管舒张剂", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,男,2岁。咳嗽发热3天,烦躁气促半天。体检:T 38.0℃,R 40次/min,心率168次/min。体格发育落后,呼吸急促,三凹征阳性,口唇发绀,双肺可闻及中、小水泡音,P2亢进;胸骨左缘第3、4肋间闻及3/6级粗糙的全收缩期杂音,向四周广泛传导,杂音最响亮的部位触及收缩期震颤,肝肋下3cm,质软。1.此患儿的诊断以下最正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "先心病,室间隔缺损", "B": "先心病,室间隔缺损并支气管肺炎", "C": "先心病,室间隔缺损并肺动脉高压", "D": "先心病,室间隔缺损并支气管肺炎、心力衰竭"}, "answer": "先心病,室间隔缺损并支气管肺炎、心力衰竭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.轻度新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "以兴奋症状为主,3天左右好转", "B": "瞳孔对光反射消失,昏迷,肌张力时高时低", "C": "负荷量20ml/kg,维持量每天3~5ml/kg", "D": "每次0.25~0.5/kg,每4~6小时1次,连用3~5天"}, "answer": "以兴奋症状为主,3天左右好转", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,45岁。房事后出血半年。妇科检查:宫颈Ⅰ度糜烂状。宫颈细胞学检查结果为低度鳞状上皮内病变(LSIL)。为明确诊断,下一步应首选的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫颈电热圈切除术", "B": "阴道镜下活检", "C": "宫颈管搔刮", "D": "HPV-DNA检测"}, "answer": "阴道镜下活检", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一位病人觉得自己的上肢变得很长,鼻子也变长了。这个症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人格解体", "B": "错觉", "C": "幻觉", "D": "视物变形症"}, "answer": "人格解体", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.男性,49岁,胆总管囊肿,胆管空肠吻合术后胆瘘,pH 7.29(  )。", "options": {"A": "代谢性酸中毒", "B": "呼吸性酸中毒", "C": "代谢性碱中毒", "D": "高钾血症"}, "answer": "代谢性酸中毒", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,70岁,软弱无力,进食减少,口渴、多尿2周,近2天嗜睡。急诊检查:血压70/50mmHg,神志朦胧,皮肤干燥失水,呼吸34次/分,心率108次/分,尿糖(++++),尿酮(±)。既往无糖尿病史。3.最主要的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗感染", "B": "肾上腺皮质激素", "C": "小剂量胰岛素及补液", "D": "补充碱性药物"}, "answer": "小剂量胰岛素及补液", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,50岁,有高血压病史5年,因近期未按时服药,近日出现明显头痛、烦躁、心悸多汗、面色苍白、视力模糊,测血压为230/130mmHg。3.此种情况最有效的血管扩张药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硝苯地平", "B": "索他洛尔", "C": "卡托普利", "D": "硝普钠"}, "answer": "硝普钠", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.上述哪项用来鉴定DNA?(  )", "options": {"A": "离子交换层析", "B": "Northern印迹法", "C": "Southern印迹法", "D": "Western印迹法"}, "answer": "Southern印迹法", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肺气肿时肺的病理变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺体积增大,边缘钝圆", "B": "色深红", "C": "肺实变", "D": "肺体积缩小"}, "answer": "肺体积增大,边缘钝圆", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,51岁。1小时前因咳嗽突发右下腹疼痛,右腹股沟出现肿块。查体:全腹轻压痛,无腹肌紧张,肠鸣音亢进,右侧腹股沟韧带下方呈半球形隆起,不能回纳,有轻压痛。应采取的正确措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急诊手术复位,行McVay法修补术", "B": "急诊手术复位,行Ferguson法修补术", "C": "及时手法复位,密切观察", "D": "应用抗生素、止痛剂后观察"}, "answer": "急诊手术复位,行McVay法修补术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "实现“人人享有卫生保健”目标的关键是(  )。", "options": {"A": "加强医德医风建设", "B": "开展初级卫生保键", "C": "深化医药卫生体制改革", "D": "促进妇幼卫生保健"}, "answer": "开展初级卫生保键", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在贫血的诊断中最重要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "确定贫血的原因", "B": "确定贫血的类型", "C": "确定贫血的程度", "D": "确定贫血的发展速度"}, "answer": "确定贫血的原因", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "O2对呼吸的调节途径主要是通过(  )。", "options": {"A": "直接兴奋脑桥调整中枢", "B": "直接剌激呼吸中枢", "C": "外周化学感受器所实现的反射性效应", "D": "刺激中枢化学感受器而兴奋呼吸中枢"}, "answer": "外周化学感受器所实现的反射性效应", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某女,3岁,过敏体质。既往有哮喘病史,1h前因吸入油漆而出现哮喘急性发作,对患者应选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸入色甘酸钠", "B": "吸入沙丁胺醇", "C": "口服麻黄碱", "D": "口服氨茶碱"}, "answer": "吸入沙丁胺醇", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医疗保险基金主要由雇主和雇员按一定比例缴纳,政府适当补贴。这种模式属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "商业医疗保险", "B": "储蓄医疗保险", "C": "国家医疗保险", "D": "社会医疗保险"}, "answer": "社会医疗保险", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医疗机构施行特殊治疗,无法取得患者意见又无家属或者关系人在场,或者遇到其他特殊情况时,经治医师应当提出医疗处置方案,在取得(  )。", "options": {"A": "病房负责人同意后实施", "B": "医疗机构质监部门负责人批准后实施", "C": "医疗机构负责人或者被授权负责人员批准后实施", "D": "科室全体医师讨论通过后实施"}, "answer": "医疗机构负责人或者被授权负责人员批准后实施", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.丘脑出血眼征(  )。", "options": {"A": "双瞳孔散大", "B": "双眼向上凝视", "C": "双眼向下凝视", "D": "双眼向右凝视"}, "answer": "双眼向下凝视", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列疾病属于下丘脑性闭经的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅咽管瘤", "B": "空蝶鞍综合征", "C": "子宫内膜炎", "D": "卵巢早衰"}, "answer": "颅咽管瘤", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,40岁,腰痛伴右下肢放射痛2个月,反复发作,与劳累有关,咳嗽、用力排便时可加重疼痛。查体:右直腿抬高试验阳性,加强试验阳性。X线片示L4椎间隙变窄。4.对诊断有定位定性意义的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线片", "B": "CT", "C": "ECT", "D": "化验检查"}, "answer": "CT", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪一种不是糖异生途径中越过能障所需的酶?(  )", "options": {"A": "丙酮酸羧化酶", "B": "磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶", "C": "果糖双磷酸酶-1", "D": "丙酮酸激酶"}, "answer": "丙酮酸激酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于非幻觉性知觉障碍,下列哪一个要排除?(  )", "options": {"A": "视物变形症", "B": "内感性不适", "C": "非真实感", "D": "人格解体"}, "answer": "内感性不适", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.流行性乙型脑炎的传染源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "羊", "B": "犬", "C": "猪", "D": "病人"}, "answer": "猪", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.上述哪项是仅磷酸戊糖途径需要的?(  )", "options": {"A": "3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶", "B": "丙酮酸激酶", "C": "6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶", "D": "果糖双磷酸酶-1"}, "answer": "6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.治疗急性血栓栓塞性疾病最好选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝素", "B": "尿激酶", "C": "糖皮质激素", "D": "甲苯磺丁脲"}, "answer": "尿激酶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "诊断心肌病最常用的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心电图", "B": "超声心动图", "C": "冠状动脉造影", "D": "心内膜心肌活检"}, "answer": "超声心动图", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不属于开放性损伤(  )。", "options": {"A": "震荡伤", "B": "颅底骨折并耳道出血", "C": "吸入性损伤", "D": "火器伤"}, "answer": "震荡伤", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,33岁。活动时气短、心前区疼痛1年。查体:BP 146/80mmHg,双肺呼吸音清,心率78次/分,律齐,胸骨左缘第3、4肋间可闻及3/6级收缩期喷射性杂音。超声心动图示舒张期间室间隔与左室后壁厚度之比>1.5。2.该患者最适宜的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "地高辛", "B": "美托洛尔", "C": "氢氯噻嗪", "D": "氨茶碱"}, "answer": "美托洛尔", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,36岁,心悸3年,既往体健,查体:BP 130/80mmHg,双肺未闻及湿啰音,心脏各瓣膜区未闻及杂音。心律不齐,心电图示心室率140次/分,P波消失,代之大小不等的f波,该患者最可能出现的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发绀", "B": "二尖瓣面容", "C": "脉搏短绌", "D": "A2亢进"}, "answer": "脉搏短绌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,32岁。停经90天,阴道不规则流血6天,下腹隐痛。妇科检查:宫底平脐,质软,未触及胎体,未闻及胎心,尿妊娠试验阳性。应首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "先兆流产", "B": "死胎", "C": "葡萄胎", "D": "稽留流产"}, "answer": "葡萄胎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医师发现或怀疑胎儿异常时,应当对孕妇进行产前诊断。“产前诊断”指(  )。", "options": {"A": "孕妇健康诊察", "B": "胎儿先天性缺陷诊断", "C": "对孕妇进行遗传病诊察", "D": "对孕妇进行传染病诊察"}, "answer": "胎儿先天性缺陷诊断", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,52岁。皮肤、巩膜黄染2个月。大便颜色变浅,无腹痛及发热。查体:皮肤、巩膜黄染,右上腹触及囊性包块,无压痛。腹部B超示:胆总管扩张,胆囊大,胰腺显示不清。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆总管结石", "B": "胆囊癌", "C": "慢性胰腺炎", "D": "壶腹周围癌"}, "answer": "壶腹周围癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶缺陷的病人可导致溶血性贫血,被称为蚕豆黄病,此病的直接原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "NADH不足", "B": "GSH不足", "C": "NADPH不足", "D": "葡萄糖醛酸不足"}, "answer": "NADPH不足", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是抑制性突触后电位产生的离子机制?(  )", "options": {"A": "K+内流", "B": "Ca2+内流", "C": "Cl-内流", "D": "K+外流"}, "answer": "Cl-内流", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,30岁。反复右下腹痛1年,伴便秘、口腔溃疡,无发热及乏力。否认结核病史及结核密切接触史。查体,右下腹可触及边界不清的包块,可移动,压痛阳性。2.为明确诊断,最重要的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "粪隐血", "B": "粪查找抗酸杆菌", "C": "结肠镜检查及活检", "D": "腹部B超"}, "answer": "结肠镜检查及活检", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "30岁,男性,突然不规则发热20余日,于5月8日急诊入院。查体:巩膜黄染,肝脾在肋下1.0cm。血白细胞6.0×109/L,总胆红素定量98μmol/L(正常<17.1μmol/L),ALT 85单位,尿蛋白(+),肥达反应“0”1:80、“H”1:160,抗HBS(+)。下述哪一项检查最有利于确定诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "粪便细菌培养", "B": "骨髓细菌培养", "C": "血涂片检疟原虫", "D": "凝溶试验"}, "answer": "骨髓细菌培养", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在腹部损伤中,十二指肠损伤好发于(  )。", "options": {"A": "球部和升部", "B": "球部和降部", "C": "横部和升部", "D": "降部和横部"}, "answer": "降部和横部", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某70岁女患者,因尿路感染于10天前开始服用氨苄青霉素,现出现腹泻。取尿液标本,培养出大量革兰阳性葡萄球菌。病人腹泻的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "菌群失调", "B": "细菌侵袭肠黏膜所致", "C": "内毒素作用于肠黏膜", "D": "肠蠕动加快"}, "answer": "菌群失调", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.移位再植(  )。", "options": {"A": "拇指完全离断", "B": "老人一指多节段断指", "C": "两处以上的断指", "D": "多指断指,仅拇指断指远端无再植条件"}, "answer": "多指断指,仅拇指断指远端无再植条件", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "嘌吟核苷酸从头合成的原料不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "R-5’-P", "B": "天冬氨酸、甘氨酸", "C": "Gln.CO2", "D": "S-腺苷蛋氨酸"}, "answer": "S-腺苷蛋氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "白喉是(  )。", "options": {"A": "变质性炎", "B": "渗出性炎", "C": "化脓性炎", "D": "假膜性炎"}, "answer": "假膜性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "可导致肾小球滤过率增加的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾交感神经兴奋", "B": "快速静注大量生理盐水", "C": "静注高渗葡萄糖液", "D": "注射抗利尿激素"}, "answer": "快速静注大量生理盐水", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5.安体舒通试验阳性(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺皮质腺瘤或腺癌", "B": "Cushing病", "C": "单纯性肥胖", "D": "原发性醛固酮增多症"}, "answer": "原发性醛固酮增多症", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.验光和检查眼底后,为抵消扩瞳药的作用可选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛果芸香碱", "B": "新斯的明", "C": "氯解磷定", "D": "异丙肾上腺素"}, "answer": "毛果芸香碱", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.Cushing溃疡的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "酒精", "B": "幽门螺杆菌", "C": "中枢神经系统严重损害", "D": "非甾体抗炎药"}, "answer": "中枢神经系统严重损害", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不符合脑膜炎双球菌的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "奈瑟菌属", "B": "严格的需氧菌", "C": "革兰阳性菌", "D": "在普通培养基上不能生长"}, "answer": "革兰阳性菌", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "无论对错都盲目地拒绝他人的意见和劝告,坚持自己的决定,其意志活动缺乏(  )。", "options": {"A": "自觉性", "B": "坚韧性", "C": "自制性", "D": "整体性"}, "answer": "自觉性", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是易被诱导形成免疫耐受的细胞?(  )", "options": {"A": "B细胞", "B": "单核细胞", "C": "T细胞", "D": "NK细胞"}, "answer": "T细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.43岁。继发性痛经6年,子宫约妊娠12周大小。B超检查可见子宫肌层大小不等的结节,治疗方法应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "药物治疗", "B": "保留生育功能手术", "C": "根治性手术", "D": "饮食注意"}, "answer": "根治性手术", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "子宫内膜癌病理分期ⅢB是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "癌累及宫颈黏膜腺体", "B": "癌侵犯肌层>1/2", "C": "癌侵犯宫颈间质", "D": "癌累及阴道上1/3"}, "answer": "癌累及阴道上1/3", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,21岁,左小腿因外伤手术后经常自伤口处流脓3年余,伤口愈合后无任何症状,破溃流脓时发热、局部肿胀,反复多次发作,现发热、局部流脓,有时流出小碎骨片。1.依据以上资料,诊断应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性骨髓炎", "B": "慢性化脓性关节炎", "C": "慢性骨髓炎", "D": "尤文肉瘤"}, "answer": "慢性骨髓炎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪一项不是肾病综合征的临床表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "蛋白尿", "B": "高脂血症", "C": "血尿", "D": "水肿"}, "answer": "血尿", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪项可作为心室收缩期开始的标志?(  )", "options": {"A": "第一心音", "B": "第四心音", "C": "第三心音", "D": "第二心音"}, "answer": "第一心音", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.髋关节后脱位(  )。", "options": {"A": "易发生肱动脉损伤", "B": "易发生缺血性骨坏死", "C": "易发生桡神经损伤", "D": "易发生坐骨神经损伤"}, "answer": "易发生坐骨神经损伤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2岁小儿,标准体重(kg)、身长(cm)(  )。", "options": {"A": "9 70", "B": "10 75", "C": "11 80", "D": "12 85"}, "answer": "12 85", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,女,2岁半,走路时有蹲踞现象,剧烈哭闹时,突然出现呼吸困难,晕厥2次,查体见口唇青紫,心前区隆起,胸骨左缘第2~4肋间有2~3级收缩期喷射状杂音,向锁骨下传导;就诊时又晕厥一次,发作时杂音消失。4.法洛四联征脑缺氧发作治疗有误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉推注心得安", "B": "吸氧", "C": "用5%碳酸氢钠纠正酸中毒", "D": "用快速作用洋地黄如西地兰等"}, "answer": "用快速作用洋地黄如西地兰等", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "风湿热的病变一般比较少侵犯的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏的外膜", "B": "大脑", "C": "肾脏", "D": "皮肤"}, "answer": "肾脏", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "婴儿腹泻重型与轻型的主要区别点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹泻,每日10余次", "B": "大便蛋花汤样,混有粘液", "C": "大便镜检有大量脂肪球", "D": "有水及电解质紊乱"}, "answer": "有水及电解质紊乱", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.肝炎时,肝细胞坏死,胆红素入血(  )。", "options": {"A": "黄疸", "B": "出血", "C": "血SGPT升高", "D": "肝区疼痛"}, "answer": "黄疸", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "癌症的易感性格为(  )。", "options": {"A": "A型性格", "B": "C型性格", "C": "D型性格", "D": "A+C型性格"}, "answer": "C型性格", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "原发性免疫缺陷病所涉及的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单核巨噬细胞", "B": "粒细胞", "C": "B细胞与T细胞", "D": "肥大细胞"}, "answer": "B细胞与T细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一位3岁病儿患急性菌痢住进医院,经治疗本已好转,行将出院。其父母觉得小儿虚弱,要求输血。碍于情面,医生同意了。可护士为了快点交班,提议给予静脉推注输血。当时病儿哭闹,医护齐动手给他输血过程中,病儿突发心跳骤停死亡。此案例中医护人员的伦理过错是(  )。", "options": {"A": "无知无原则,违背了人道主义原则", "B": "无知无原则,违背了有利病人的原则", "C": "曲解家属自主权,违反操作规程,违背了不伤害病人的原则", "D": "曲解家属自主权,违反操作规程,违背了人道主义原则"}, "answer": "曲解家属自主权,违反操作规程,违背了不伤害病人的原则", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "慢性粒细胞白血病最突出的特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "粒细胞显著增多,脾明显肿大", "B": "腹胀、食后饱胀", "C": "乏力、低热、多汗", "D": "骨痛明显"}, "answer": "粒细胞显著增多,脾明显肿大", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不符合香豆素类抗凝血药的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服就有抗凝血作用", "B": "体内外都有抗凝血作用", "C": "维生素K能对抗其抗凝血作用", "D": "华法林的作用比双香豆素的作用出现得快,维持时间短"}, "answer": "体内外都有抗凝血作用", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,35岁,晚餐进食较多,餐后突然上腹刀割样疼痛迅速波及全腹,不敢直立行走,2h后急诊求治。查体:痛苦面容,腹式呼吸消失,腹膜刺激征(+),肝浊音界消失,肠鸣音消失。该患者最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阑尾炎穿孔", "B": "胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔", "C": "胆囊穿孔", "D": "急性胰腺炎"}, "answer": "胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初产妇,妊娠37周,8小时前突然出现阴道流液,如尿样,6小时前开始出现规律宫缩,因胎手脱出于阴道口2小时就诊,查体:产妇烦躁不安,腹痛拒按,脉搏110次/分,呼吸28次/分,胎心160次/分,导尿时血尿。2.最适宜的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服地西泮", "B": "全麻下行内倒转术", "C": "立即行剖宫产", "D": "等待宫口开全后行牵引术"}, "answer": "立即行剖宫产", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "原发性肝癌肝内播散最主要的途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "经淋巴管", "B": "直接侵犯", "C": "经肝动脉", "D": "经门静脉"}, "answer": "经门静脉", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.心肌自律性最高的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "窦房结", "B": "心房肌", "C": "房室交界", "D": "浦肯野纤维"}, "answer": "窦房结", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.表明药物从血液向组织细胞间液和细雕内液转运过程的词(  )。", "options": {"A": "分布", "B": "表观分布容积", "C": "药物代谢动力学", "D": "清除"}, "answer": "分布", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "左肾结核无功能,右肾轻度积水,功能正常,经抗结核治疗后仍有膀胱刺激症状。下一步治疗方案为(  )。", "options": {"A": "继续抗结核治疗", "B": "加强支持疗法", "C": "右肾造瘘术", "D": "对症治疗"}, "answer": "右肾造瘘术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.DIC消耗性低凝期首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝素", "B": "输新鲜血浆", "C": "氨基己酸’", "D": "输浓缩血小板"}, "answer": "输新鲜血浆", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "环磷酰胺对何种肿瘤疗效最为显著?(  )", "options": {"A": "卵巢癌", "B": "急性淋巴细胞性白血病", "C": "多发性骨髓瘤", "D": "恶性淋巴瘤"}, "answer": "恶性淋巴瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "动作电位沿单根神经纤维传导时,其幅度变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "逐渐增大", "B": "先增大,后减小", "C": "先减小,后增大", "D": "不变"}, "answer": "不变", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,60岁。因胃溃疡合并多次大出血,行胃大部切除术。2.该病人术后可能出现的营养性并发症不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "体重减轻", "B": "低血糖综合症", "C": "缺铁性贫血", "D": "骨质疏松"}, "answer": "低血糖综合症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "根据症状和体征提示有胸腔积液时,需确定是否有胸腔积液应首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸片", "B": "超声", "C": "胸部MRI", "D": "血沉"}, "answer": "胸片", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "哪项为囊虫寄生于人体的部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "眼", "B": "肌肉", "C": "皮下", "D": "以上都可"}, "answer": "以上都可", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "吗啡的适应证是(  )。", "options": {"A": "分娩止痛", "B": "心源性哮喘", "C": "颅脑外伤止痛", "D": "感染性腹泻"}, "answer": "心源性哮喘", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于流感病毒及其致病性的描述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙型流感病毒不发生变异,抗原性稳定", "B": "流感病毒不能进行组织细胞培养,因此只能依靠血清学实验进行病原学诊断", "C": "流感病毒通过空气飞沫传播,主要引起呼吸道感染", "D": "甲型流感较乙型及丙型流感病情严重"}, "answer": "流感病毒不能进行组织细胞培养,因此只能依靠血清学实验进行病原学诊断", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.生后15个月开始(  )。", "options": {"A": "发出和谐的喉音", "B": "能懂“再见”", "C": "开始用单词", "D": "能说出自己的名字"}, "answer": "能说出自己的名字", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.思维迟缓(  )。", "options": {"A": "是急性精神分裂症的常见症状", "B": "是慢性精神分裂症的常见症状", "C": "是躁狂症的常见症状", "D": "是抑郁症的常见症状"}, "answer": "是抑郁症的常见症状", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,20岁,每天总感到身体上有许多蚂蚁在身上爬,有电流击他,有人用针刺他的全身,非常疼痛。此症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "幻触", "B": "感觉倒错", "C": "感觉过敏", "D": "错觉"}, "answer": "幻触", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者刘某,女,9岁。因急性化脓性扁桃体炎收入某院儿科病房,当时高烧39.5度,经静脉点滴青霉素后,次日体温下降,第四日体温已正常。该科某研究生为完成研究课题,需做正常儿童的神经系统电生理检查(无创性),故选此儿童为受试者,受试时患者同意。次日家属探视时发现患者的头顶部皮肤有3个直径约2mm的圆形丘疹样红斑,了解到事情经过后,向医院提出抗议,并与院方发生争执。3.关于对未成人能否做人体实验,下列说法正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对未成人没有伤害的人体实验可以做", "B": "只要未成年人同意就可做人体实验", "C": "只要未成年人的监护人同意就能做人体实验", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "以上都不是", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,65岁,既往有高血压病史约5年,血压控制不稳定,饮酒史30年,3~4两/日。某日中午饮2两白酒后,突然出现口齿不清,瘫软在地,送往医院途中,情绪烦躁,神情恐惧,要拔除输液管,不能辨认亲人。3.首要处理方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "暗示治疗", "B": "静脉快速滴注20%甘露醇", "C": "肌注氟哌啶醇、东莨菪碱混合液", "D": "补充大剂量维生素,并输液促排泄"}, "answer": "静脉快速滴注20%甘露醇", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "10月上旬,门诊病人30岁,男性,来自农村,3d前出现高热,全身痛,近2d少尿,查体可见醉酒貌,猫爪样出血,肾区叩痛,此时首先考虑的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾炎", "B": "肾病综合征出血热", "C": "紫癜", "D": "血液病"}, "answer": "肾病综合征出血热", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1岁患儿,母乳喂养未加辅食。查体:皮肤粘膜苍白,肝肋下2cm,脾肋下1cm,化验血象Hb78g/L,RBC 3.6×1012/L,血小板121×109/L。1.贫血程度为(  )。", "options": {"A": "轻度贫血", "B": "中度贫血", "C": "极重度贫血", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "中度贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "首选链霉素的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鼠疫", "B": "浸润性肺结核", "C": "草绿色链球菌性心内膜炎", "D": "布氏杆菌病"}, "answer": "鼠疫", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿体格发育正常,体重9kg,头围46cm,身高75cm,其胸围最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "32cm", "B": "34cm", "C": "46cm", "D": "48cm"}, "answer": "46cm", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某镇卫生院3名医务人员违反《献血法》规定,将不符合国家规定标准的血液用于患者,由于患者家属及时发现,经治医师采取果断措施,幸好未给受血者健康造成损害。根据《献血法》规定,当地县卫生局应对3名医务人员给予的行政处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "责令改正", "B": "警告", "C": "暂停职业活动6个月以上1年以下", "D": "吊销其医师职业证书"}, "answer": "责令改正", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,61岁。反复肢体抽搐发作1个月,头颅CT示右额叶有结节样强化灶伴大片低密度影。首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "陈旧性脑出血", "B": "脑梗死", "C": "脑膜瘤", "D": "脑转移瘤"}, "answer": "脑转移瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "破伤风最先发生收缩的肌肉是(  )。", "options": {"A": "面肌", "B": "咬肌", "C": "背腹肌", "D": "四肢肌"}, "answer": "咬肌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.可引起胃肠道平滑肌松弛的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素", "B": "阿托品", "C": "多巴胺", "D": "去甲肾上腺素"}, "answer": "阿托品", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,男,2岁,生后半年发现智能发育落后,反复惊厥,且尿有鼠尿臭味。查检:目光呆滞,毛发棕黄,心肺正常,四肢肌张力高,膝腱反射亢进,尿三氯化铁试验阳性。其可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯丙酮尿症", "B": "半乳糖血下", "C": "组氨酸血症", "D": "肝糖原累积症"}, "answer": "苯丙酮尿症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,55岁,进行性吞咽困难3个月,体重下降5kg,查体无阳性所见。2.首选检查方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部CT", "B": "食管拉网", "C": "食管镜检查", "D": "胸部MRI"}, "answer": "食管镜检查", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列不属于特殊型胃癌的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "未分化癌", "B": "腺鳞癌", "C": "类癌", "D": "印戒细胞癌"}, "answer": "印戒细胞癌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.无排卵性功能失调性子宫出血子宫内膜的表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "月经5~6日刮宫子宫内膜呈增生期和分泌期并存", "B": "经前诊断性刮宫子宫内膜呈增生型", "C": "经前诊断性刮宫子宫内膜呈蜕膜反应", "D": "经前诊断性刮宫子宫内膜呈分泌不良"}, "answer": "经前诊断性刮宫子宫内膜呈增生型", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "脑器质性精神障碍的主要特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "智能障碍", "B": "兴奋躁动", "C": "幻觉、妄想", "D": "情绪低落"}, "answer": "智能障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "沿海某城镇,于9月、10月间发生一批症状类似的急性病人约200余人,多数为儿童及青少年,症状主要是短期发热,伴乏力、恶心、纳差,大部分病人有黄疸及肝肿大。血常规正常,尿蛋白阴性,血培养阴性。2.此次疾病流行的传播途径最有可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "苍蝇", "B": "注射途径", "C": "水源或食物污染", "D": "密切接触"}, "answer": "水源或食物污染", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为传染病流行过程的基本条件?(  )", "options": {"A": "病原体、感菌动物、易感人群", "B": "病原体、人体和它们所处的环境", "C": "传染源、传播途径、易感人群", "D": "社会环节、自然环节"}, "answer": "传染源、传播途径、易感人群", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在医学上能够做到的(  )。", "options": {"A": "在伦理学上不一定是应该做的", "B": "在伦理学上是不应该做的", "C": "在伦理学上是缺乏根据的", "D": "都是经过伦理学检验的"}, "answer": "在伦理学上不一定是应该做的", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.患者出现不可自控的反复数建筑的玻璃,若出现漏数,会重新计数,此症状属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "强迫观念", "B": "强迫行为", "C": "惊恐障碍", "D": "被害妄想"}, "answer": "强迫行为", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不协调性精神运动性兴奋属于下列哪一类障碍?(  )", "options": {"A": "思维障碍", "B": "意志障碍", "C": "意识障碍", "D": "行为障碍"}, "answer": "行为障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不属于胃液作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "激活胃蛋白酶原", "B": "使蛋白质变性", "C": "对淀粉进行初步消化", "D": "促进维生素B12的吸收"}, "answer": "对淀粉进行初步消化", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿5岁,因发热4天,伴咽痛、头痛、呕吐并出现不能站立行走来诊。体检T38℃,神志清,心肺无异常,左下肢肌力1级,膝、跟腱反射未引出,病理反射阴性,双下肢痛觉存在。1.该患儿最可能诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓灰质炎", "B": "急性脊髓炎", "C": "病毒性脑炎", "D": "急性感染性多发性神经根炎"}, "answer": "脊髓灰质炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,30岁,初产妇,孕期检查无异常,妊娠35周自然分娩后第2天,母婴分离,乳房胀痛,无红肿,体温37.1℃,要求继续母乳喂养,首选的处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "按时挤奶", "B": "抗生素治疗", "C": "芒硝外敷用", "D": "少喝水"}, "answer": "按时挤奶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "最有助于提示发生急性心肌梗死的临床情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心电图提示新出现的完全性左束传导阻滞", "B": "左下肺湿啰音", "C": "胸痛持续5分钟自行缓解", "D": "血CK水平高,CK-MB/CK<2%"}, "answer": "血CK水平高,CK-MB/CK<2%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.细菌大量入血并繁殖称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "败血症", "B": "内毒素血症", "C": "脓毒血症", "D": "菌血症"}, "answer": "败血症", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1岁患儿,母乳喂养未添加辅食,查体:虚胖,毛发稀黄,面色苍黄,肝肋下3cm,脾肋下1.5cm,表情呆滞,智力发育落后,肢体震颤,踝阵挛阳性。3.此患儿最不可能出现的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Hb 86g/L", "B": "血小板82×109/L", "C": "血WBC 3.5×109/L", "D": "网织红细胞数10%"}, "answer": "网织红细胞数10%", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "B细胞表面能识别结合C3b和C4b的受体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD35", "B": "CD32", "C": "CD40", "D": "CD23"}, "answer": "CD35", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.反复发作右侧肢体无力,常在1小时内恢复,头颅CT正常,最可能诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑出血", "B": "脑梗死", "C": "短暂性脑缺血", "D": "脑肿瘤"}, "answer": "短暂性脑缺血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于外科营养,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "营养状态差的病人首先考虑肠内营养", "B": "肠外营养的完善使其可以替代肠内营养", "C": "肠瘘的患者应首选肠内营养", "D": "肠外营养可使消化道处于休息状态,可保护胃肠道的结构和功能"}, "answer": "营养状态差的病人首先考虑肠内营养", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,26岁,1个月来,兴高采烈,话多,自觉思维敏捷“脑子特别灵”,“自己有超人才能”,整日忙碌不停,精力旺盛,爱表现自己,举止轻浮,好接近异性,食欲亢进,体重减轻,睡眠量减少,无疲倦感。3.该病人的典型症状不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "思维形式障碍", "B": "思维内容障碍", "C": "活动增多", "D": "意志减退"}, "answer": "意志减退", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男孩,6岁。因发热2周,头痛伴呕吐3天,惊厥1次入院,疑诊结核性脑膜炎。1.确诊该病的主要依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑脊液中找到结核杆菌", "B": "头颅CT示脑室扩大、脑实质改变", "C": "脑脊液蛋白增高,糖、氯化物降低", "D": "脑脊液外观呈毛玻璃样"}, "answer": "脑脊液中找到结核杆菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "胆固醇体内合成的原料是(  )。", "options": {"A": "17-羟类固醇和17-酮类固醇", "B": "胆汁酸和VD等", "C": "乙酰CoA和NADPH", "D": "胆汁酸"}, "answer": "乙酰CoA和NADPH", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "脊柱骨折病人在搬运过程中,最正确的体位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "仰卧屈曲位", "B": "侧卧位", "C": "仰卧过伸位", "D": "俯卧过伸位"}, "answer": "仰卧过伸位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,22岁,半年前诊断为精神分裂症,平时服用利培酮治疗,病情稳定。半月前因与男朋友分手,情绪低落、话少。近3天加重,整日躺在床上,不语不动,拒绝进食,常双眼含泪。家人反复询问下有时能用点头、摇头表示。患者目前首要的处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "认知治疗", "B": "加用抗抑郁药", "C": "抗精神病药加量", "D": "暗示治疗"}, "answer": "加用抗抑郁药", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿16个月,有惊厥史,血钙为1.75mmol/L,以维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症收入院,查体可能出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈强直", "B": "Trousseau征", "C": "脐旁皮下组织0.4cm厚", "D": "面色苍白"}, "answer": "Trousseau征", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "15天新生儿,男性,以反应差不吃奶2天,加重1天收入院。查体:反应差,面色发灰,皮肤轻度黄染,有少量出血点,心音稍低,肺呼吸音清析,腹软,肝肋下2cm,脾肋下1cm,四肢活动少,腋下、背部可见数个脓疱疹,绿豆到黄豆大小,有黄色脓性渗出液,脐部干燥,神经系统未见异常。白细胞21×109/L,中性70%,淋巴30%,血小板90×109/L。1.本患儿目前最主要的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿败血症", "B": "新生儿出血症", "C": "新生儿脓疱疹", "D": "新生儿高胆红素血症"}, "answer": "新生儿败血症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.引起唾液分泌的主要神经递质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃泌素", "B": "胆囊收缩素", "C": "乙酰胆碱", "D": "血管活性肠肽"}, "answer": "乙酰胆碱", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,40岁,体检发现HBsAg阳性5年,近1周来劳累后感乏力、食欲不振,来院检查。3.若入院后行肝脏穿刺活组织检查示:汇管区炎症明显,见中度碎屑样坏死,小叶内炎症明显,伴桥形坏死,纤维间隔形成,小叶结构大部分保存。其病理诊断应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性肝炎(轻度)", "B": "慢性肝炎(中度)", "C": "慢性肝炎(重度)", "D": "慢性重型肝炎"}, "answer": "慢性肝炎(中度)", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在类风湿关节炎发病中起主要作用的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD3+细胞", "B": "CD4+细胞", "C": "CD8+细胞", "D": "B淋巴细胞"}, "answer": "CD4+细胞", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪一项不是引起炎性渗出的因素?(  )", "options": {"A": "组织胶体渗透压升高", "B": "血浆胶体渗透压升高", "C": "血浆胶体渗透压降低", "D": "毛细血管壁通透性升高"}, "answer": "血浆胶体渗透压升高", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "心理治疗的目标是促进求助者的成长和自立,不能代替病人做出任何选择与决定,这是心理治疗的(  )。", "options": {"A": "耐心原则", "B": "真诚原则", "C": "保密原则", "D": "中立原则"}, "answer": "中立原则", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "高浓度降钙素能迅速降低血钙的作用环节是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制甲状旁腺激素分泌", "B": "抑制破骨细胞溶骨活动", "C": "刺激成骨细胞成骨活动", "D": "抑制肾小管对钙的重吸收"}, "answer": "抑制破骨细胞溶骨活动", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,40岁,体重60kg,因食管癌进食困难1个月余,主诉:乏力、极度口渴、尿少而色深。体检:血压、体温均正常,眼窝凹陷,唇、舌干燥,皮肤弹性差。辅助检查:血红蛋白102g/L,血浆清蛋白30g/L,血清钠164mmol/L,钾3.1mmol/L。3.该患者应在尿量达下列哪项指标时补给钾盐?(  )", "options": {"A": "20ml/h", "B": "25ml/h", "C": "35ml/h", "D": "40ml/h"}, "answer": "40ml/h", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "呈对数正态分布的数值变量资料,描述集中趋势的指标最好选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "几何均数", "B": "众数", "C": "算术均数", "D": "调和均数"}, "answer": "几何均数", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "特发性血小板减少性紫癜的诊断依据不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "血小板寿命缩短", "B": "血小板减少", "C": "APTT延长", "D": "骨髓巨核细胞增多并成熟障碍"}, "answer": "APTT延长", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列感染不属于外科感染的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性阑尾炎", "B": "肝脓肿", "C": "急性化脓性蜂窝织炎", "D": "菌痢"}, "answer": "菌痢", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,73岁。头痛、精神异常,左侧肢体无力5天,加重偶伴呕吐1天,3个月前有头部外伤史,查体:BP 160/95mmHg,神志清楚,双侧视乳头水肿,左侧肢体肌力4级。3.为明确诊断,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅脑超声", "B": "头颅CT", "C": "腰椎穿刺脑脊液检查", "D": "头颅X线片"}, "answer": "头颅CT", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪种药物不属于支气管扩张剂?(  )", "options": {"A": "喘乐宁", "B": "沙丁胺醇", "C": "苯妥英钠", "D": "异丙阿托品"}, "answer": "苯妥英钠", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性风湿热诊断标准中的主要表现不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "关节痛", "B": "舞蹈病", "C": "环形红斑", "D": "皮下小结"}, "answer": "关节痛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "酶保持催化活性,必须(  )。", "options": {"A": "酶分子完整无缺", "B": "酶分子上所有化学基团存在", "C": "有活性中心及其必需基团", "D": "有金属离子参加"}, "answer": "有活性中心及其必需基团", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医疗机构配制制剂,应是本单位临床需要而市场上没有供应的品种,并须经所在地(  )部门批准后方可配制。", "options": {"A": "省级卫生行政部门", "B": "省级药品监督管理部门", "C": "防治措施和医疗保健措施", "D": "防治措施和追踪调查措施"}, "answer": "省级药品监督管理部门", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪种细菌是母乳喂养儿粪便中主要的细菌?(  )", "options": {"A": "肠链球菌", "B": "副大肠杆菌", "C": "大肠杆菌", "D": "乳酸杆菌"}, "answer": "乳酸杆菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性普通型病毒性肝炎,下述哪项。为其坏死的主要病变?(  )", "options": {"A": "点状坏死", "B": "桥接坏死", "C": "大片坏死", "D": "灶性坏死"}, "answer": "点状坏死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,5岁,高热10h,抽搐2h,呕吐1次。外周血白细胞18×109/I,,中性粒细胞0.89,粪便常规:每高倍镜视野脓细胞5~8个,脑脊液检查正常,诊断为中毒型细菌性痢疾。1.中毒型细菌性痢疾发病因素中最重要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "痢疾杆菌在体内大量繁殖", "B": "痢疾杆菌毒力强", "C": "特异性体质对细菌毒素产生强烈过敏反应", "D": "痢疾杆菌引起全身毒血症状"}, "answer": "特异性体质对细菌毒素产生强烈过敏反应", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列选项不符合全肠外营养所用的营养液要求的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "每日供氮应达0.2~0.24g/kg体重", "B": "氮(g)和热量之比为1:100kCal", "C": "适量补充胰岛素和脂肪乳剂", "D": "所补充的必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸的含量一般应为1:2"}, "answer": "氮(g)和热量之比为1:100kCal", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,73岁。头痛、精神异常,左侧肢体无力5天,加重偶伴呕吐1天,3个月前有头部外伤史,查体:BP 160/95mmHg,神志清楚,双侧视乳头水肿,左侧肢体肌力4级。2.最需要鉴别的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑肿瘤", "B": "脑炎", "C": "精神疾病", "D": "高血压脑出血"}, "answer": "高血压脑出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,51岁。急性前壁心肌梗死,起病第二天发生心房颤动,心室率184次/分,血压84/60mmHg,气急发绀,首选的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉注射毛花苷丙", "B": "同步电击除颤", "C": "静脉注射多巴酚丁胺", "D": "静注胺碘酮"}, "answer": "同步电击除颤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "46岁男性,突发头痛、恶心、呕吐,无明显肢体瘫痪,脑膜刺激征阳性,脑脊液呈均匀一致血性,最不可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑叶出血", "B": "蛛网膜下腔出血", "C": "壳核出血", "D": "尾状核头出血"}, "answer": "壳核出血", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "典型的苯丙酮尿症所缺乏的酶为(  )。", "options": {"A": "二氢生物蝶呤还原酶", "B": "四氢生物蝶呤合成酶", "C": "酪氨酸羟化酶", "D": "苯丙氨酸-4-羟化酶"}, "answer": "苯丙氨酸-4-羟化酶", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肾上腺糖皮质激素分泌过多可产生(  )。", "options": {"A": "血糖浓度降低", "B": "四肢脂肪增加", "C": "蛋白质合成增加", "D": "面部、腹部脂肪增加"}, "answer": "面部、腹部脂肪增加", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.消化性溃疡的主要症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹痛伴反酸、嗳气", "B": "腹痛伴呕吐、腹胀", "C": "腹痛伴休克、贫血", "D": "腹痛伴腹泻"}, "answer": "腹痛伴反酸、嗳气", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于转录的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "以DNA为模板", "B": "引物酶先合成一段引物", "C": "需依赖DNA的RNA聚合酶", "D": "产物为mRNA、tRNA、rRNA"}, "answer": "引物酶先合成一段引物", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列风湿性疾病中抗dsDNA抗体阳性率最高的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "类风湿性关节炎", "B": "硬皮病", "C": "系统性红斑狼疮", "D": "皮肌炎"}, "answer": "系统性红斑狼疮", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于流行性脑脊髓膜炎的流行病学特点正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "传播途径主要是经飞沫传播", "B": "由于细菌毒力强,间接传播亦重要", "C": "本病发生有严格季节性(冬春季)", "D": "感染后仅产生对本群细菌的免疫,无交叉免疫"}, "answer": "传播途径主要是经飞沫传播", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,65岁,腹胀痛,腹泻便秘交替数月余伴里急后重感,无鲜血便。体格检查:腹平软,未及包块,左锁骨上、腹股沟淋巴结未触及。1.该病人可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直肠癌", "B": "乙状结肠癌", "C": "升结肠癌", "D": "盲肠癌"}, "answer": "直肠癌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者女性,18岁,上唇红肿疼痛5天,加重伴寒战、高热、头痛2天。检查:表情淡漠,体温39.5℃,脉搏120次/分,上唇隆起呈紫红色,中心组织坏死塌陷,有多个脓栓,鼻部、眼部及其周围广泛肿胀,发硬,触痛;化验WBC25×109/L,N0.90。2.下列治疗措施中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "补液、少量多次输血", "B": "限制张口、少言语", "C": "早期联合静脉滴注抗生素", "D": "挤出脓栓"}, "answer": "挤出脓栓", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,36岁。患者呕血不止,烦躁、出冷汗,曾有胃溃疡史,呕血的原因可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃溃疡", "B": "十二指肠球溃疡", "C": "慢性胃炎", "D": "胃癌"}, "answer": "胃溃疡", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "单纯性睾丸鞘膜积液最可靠的诊断依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阴囊肿大", "B": "阴囊肿块有波动感", "C": "透光试验阳性", "D": "右侧阴囊无睾丸"}, "answer": "透光试验阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "寻常疣和尖锐湿疣的病原是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CMV", "B": "HIV", "C": "HPV", "D": "EBV"}, "answer": "HPV", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿男12岁,高热、咽痛3天后出现全身皮疹入院。咽拭子经血琼脂平皿培养出现β溶血菌落,显微镜下可见G+呈链状排列的球菌。你的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "猩红热", "B": "麻疹", "C": "风疹", "D": "流脑"}, "answer": "猩红热", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.哪项是脊髓灰质炎疫苗的初种年龄?(  )", "options": {"A": "2个月", "B": "3个月以上", "C": "8个月", "D": "1岁以上"}, "answer": "2个月", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,69岁。呼吸困难伴左胸痛2天。活动后呼吸困难加重,胸痛于吸气时加重,无咳嗽、咳痰、咯血和发热。结肠癌术后化疗中。查体:BP 110/75mmHg,口唇发绀,左下肺可闻及少许细湿啰音,心率96次/分,律齐,P2>A2,胸骨左缘第5肋间可闻及2/6级收缩期杂音。首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "重症肺炎", "B": "肺血栓栓塞", "C": "急性心肌梗死", "D": "结肠癌肺转移"}, "answer": "肺血栓栓塞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对病毒性肝炎下述哪一项是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "甲型肝炎无慢性带毒状态", "B": "慢性迁延型肝炎多发展为肝硬化", "C": "丙型肝炎不会发展成肝硬化", "D": "肝细胞癌与慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染无关"}, "answer": "甲型肝炎无慢性带毒状态", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.血站对献血者的身体状况应(  )。", "options": {"A": "血站应当为献血者提供各种安全、卫生、便利的条件", "B": "血站应当为献血者提供整洁、安静、美观的环境", "C": "必须经国务院卫生行政部门或者省、自治区、直辖市人民政府卫生行政部门批准", "D": "免费进行必要的健康检查"}, "answer": "免费进行必要的健康检查", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医疗机构应当实行传染病预检、分诊制度,应(  )。", "options": {"A": "对传染病病人、疑似传染病病人引导至相对隔离的分诊点进行初诊", "B": "对传染病病人,引导至相对隔离的分诊点进行初诊", "C": "对疑似传染病病人引导至相对隔离的分诊点进行初诊", "D": "以上都不对"}, "answer": "对传染病病人、疑似传染病病人引导至相对隔离的分诊点进行初诊", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.妊娠高血压综合征孕妇血压180/116mmHg时首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "哌替啶肌内注射", "B": "肼苯达嗪静脉滴注", "C": "甘露醇快速静脉滴注", "D": "阿托品静脉注射"}, "answer": "肼苯达嗪静脉滴注", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,55岁。呕鲜血4小时。共2次,约200mL,黑便1次,约300mL。查体:贫血貌,肝掌阳性,前胸可见数个蜘蛛痣,肝肋下2cm,移动性浊音阳性。最适宜的药物止血措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉应用生长抑素", "B": "肌内注射维生素K", "C": "静脉应用止血环酸", "D": "静脉应用质子泵抑制剂"}, "answer": "静脉应用生长抑素", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "应用巴比妥类所出现的下列现象中哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "酸化尿液会加速苯巴比妥的排泄", "B": "长期应用苯巴比妥可加速自身代谢", "C": "苯巴比妥的量效曲线比地西泮要陡", "D": "大剂量对中枢抑制程度远比苯二氮类要深"}, "answer": "酸化尿液会加速苯巴比妥的排泄", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "伤寒杆菌引起的炎症是一种(  )。", "options": {"A": "变质性炎", "B": "渗出性炎", "C": "增生性炎", "D": "卡他性炎"}, "answer": "增生性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,35岁,G2P1。停经70天,下腹隐痛,阴道不规则流血6天,子宫达脐水平,尿HCG(+)。1.首选的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "盆腔CT", "B": "B超检查", "C": "血HCG", "D": "诊断刮宫"}, "answer": "B超检查", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.由免疫机制引起中性粒细胞减少的疾病(  )。", "options": {"A": "假性粒细胞减少", "B": "Felty综合征", "C": "低增生性白血病", "D": "骨髓增生异常综合征"}, "answer": "Felty综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.直接分解产生尿酸的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "I", "B": "X", "C": "T", "D": "U"}, "answer": "X", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗社区获得性肺炎时,可覆盖非典型病原体的抗生素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖肽类", "B": "青霉素类", "C": "大环内酯类", "D": "氨基糖苷类"}, "answer": "大环内酯类", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "11个月婴儿发热、剧烈呕吐,嗜睡、烦躁交替出现,惊厥1次。前囟膨隆,右侧鼻唇沟变浅,颈项强直。其母患有肺结核。3.该患儿为结核性脑膜炎的中期,诊断依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核中毒症状、呕吐,意识模糊", "B": "结核中毒症状、呕吐,嗜睡,前囟膨隆", "C": "结核中毒症状、呕吐,水、盐代谢紊乱", "D": "结核中毒症状、呕吐,有脑膜刺激征,颅神经损害"}, "answer": "结核中毒症状、呕吐,有脑膜刺激征,颅神经损害", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "29岁已婚妇女,停经48天,剧烈腹痛2天,阴道不规则流血2天,今晨从阴道排出三角形膜样组织,检查贫血外貌,下腹部压痛、反跳痛明显。正确治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用止血药", "B": "静脉滴注缩宫素", "C": "肌注麦角新碱", "D": "行剖腹探查术"}, "answer": "行剖腹探查术", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.腺瘤(  )。", "options": {"A": "良性间叶性肿瘤", "B": "腺上皮起源的良性肿瘤", "C": "恶性间叶性肿瘤", "D": "恶性上皮性肿瘤"}, "answer": "腺上皮起源的良性肿瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,8岁。发热、胸痛、气短1周余,查体:右胸部饱满,叩诊呈浊音,右胸呼吸音减弱,实验室检查:白细胞20×109/L,中性粒细胞分数90%,胸透示:右胸腔积液。1.应首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸导管损伤", "B": "急性脓胸", "C": "癌性胸膜炎", "D": "结核性胸膜炎"}, "answer": "急性脓胸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "类白病反应不同于慢性粒细胞白血病的主要检查结果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "白细胞数目增多", "B": "NAP活性增高", "C": "血小板和血红蛋白量大多正常", "D": "白细胞胞浆中有中毒颗粒和空泡"}, "answer": "NAP活性增高", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.介导Ⅰ型超敏反应的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CTL细胞", "B": "B细胞", "C": "NK细胞", "D": "肥大细胞"}, "answer": "肥大细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "交界性肿瘤是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "介于良性与恶性肿瘤之间的肿瘤", "B": "癌前病变", "C": "发生于表皮与真皮交界处的肿瘤", "D": "既有鳞癌又有腺癌结构的肿瘤"}, "answer": "介于良性与恶性肿瘤之间的肿瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男孩,4岁。一向偏食,不吃鱼肉蛋,近日发现面色渐苍白。不愿活动,时而腹泻。查体心肺正常,肝脏于肋下触及3cm,脾未及,血Hb 60g/L,RBC 2.90×1012/L,血涂片:红细胞大小不等,以小为主,中心淡染区扩大。1.该患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溶血性贫血", "B": "巨幼细胞性贫血", "C": "缺铁性贫血", "D": "营养性混合性贫血"}, "answer": "缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,58岁。进行性黄疸15天。恶心、厌食,腹胀,无腹痛,近5天大便发白,陶土样,尿呈浓茶样。查体:巩膜、皮肤黄染,可触及肿大胆囊,无压痛。首选的影像学检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内镜逆行性胰胆管造影", "B": "腹部B超", "C": "磁共振胰胆管成像", "D": "静脉法胆道造影"}, "answer": "腹部B超", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列属于胞内菌的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄球菌", "B": "白喉棒状杆菌", "C": "麻风分枝杆菌", "D": "淋病奈瑟菌"}, "answer": "麻风分枝杆菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对精神分裂症最具有诊断价值的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心因性幻听", "B": "命令性幻听", "C": "反射性幻听", "D": "假性幻听"}, "answer": "命令性幻听", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,35岁。停经80天,阴道不规则流血4天,下腹隐痛。呕吐反应剧烈。既往无孕产史。妇科检查:宫底平脐,质软,未触及胎体,未闻及胎心,尿hCG(+)。1.该患者首选的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血β-hCG", "B": "胸部X线片检查", "C": "盆腔超声检查", "D": "颅脑CT检查"}, "answer": "盆腔超声检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肝脏的血液供应中来自门静脉的约占(  )。", "options": {"A": "40%~45%", "B": "50%~55%", "C": "60%~65%", "D": "70%~75%"}, "answer": "70%~75%", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,28岁。左胸外伤后1小时,胸痛、呼吸困难。查体:BP 120/80mmHg,心率100次/min。左前外侧胸壁皮下淤血,局部约6cm×6cm的区域反常呼吸运动。1.目前明确的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血胸", "B": "肋骨骨折", "C": "支气管断裂", "D": "胸腹联合伤"}, "answer": "肋骨骨折", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.是螺内酯的利尿机制(  )。", "options": {"A": "明显抑制集合管碳酸酐酶活性", "B": "抑制髓袢升支粗段皮质部Na+、Cl-的重吸收", "C": "竞争性拮抗醛固酮受体", "D": "抑制髓袢升支粗段皮质部和髓质部Na+、Cl-的重吸收"}, "answer": "竞争性拮抗醛固酮受体", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于细胞介导的免疫应答(  )。", "options": {"A": "可通过减少巨噬细胞得到增强", "B": "可通过减少T细胞得到增强", "C": "可被可的松药物抑制", "D": "可通过消耗补体得到增强"}, "answer": "可被可的松药物抑制", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.激活后能促进脂肪分解代谢的受体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "α1受体", "B": "α2受体", "C": "β1受体", "D": "β3受体"}, "answer": "β3受体", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "初孕妇,26岁。妊娠34周。因腹部直接受撞击出现轻微腹痛,伴少量阴道出血,胎心142/min。恰当处理应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卧床休息,给予镇静药观察病情变化", "B": "立即肛查,了解宫口扩张情况", "C": "立即阴道检查,根据宫口扩张程度决定分娩方式", "D": "立即行剖宫产结束妊娠"}, "answer": "卧床休息,给予镇静药观察病情变化", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.红细胞生成缺铁期的实验室特征性指标(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞游离原卟啉>500μg/L", "B": "红细胞数和血红蛋白量减低", "C": "血清铁蛋白<12μg/L", "D": "骨髓象提示增生性贫血"}, "answer": "红细胞游离原卟啉>500μg/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性溶血或慢性溶姐急性发作与慢性溶血不同之处为(  )。", "options": {"A": "出现贫血", "B": "出现黄疸", "C": "出现乏力、头晕", "D": "出现高热、休克可伴有血红蛋白尿"}, "answer": "出现高热、休克可伴有血红蛋白尿", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "婚前医学检查包括对(  )的检查。", "options": {"A": "遗传性疾病、艾滋病、有关精神病", "B": "严重遗传性疾病、传染病、精神病", "C": "严重遗传性疾病、传染病、有关性病", "D": "严重遗传性疾病、指定传染病、有关精神病"}, "answer": "严重遗传性疾病、指定传染病、有关精神病", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列有关RNA的叙述不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胞质中只有mRNA和tRNA", "B": "tRNA是细胞内分子量最小的一种RNA", "C": "rRNA可与蛋白质结合", "D": "RNA并不全是单链结构"}, "answer": "胞质中只有mRNA和tRNA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "破伤风病人使用破伤风抗毒素的目的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中和游离毒素", "B": "中和已与神经组织结合的毒素", "C": "获得自动免疫", "D": "获得被动免疫"}, "answer": "中和游离毒素", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "应进行交叉配血试验的情形是(  )。", "options": {"A": "输注成分血", "B": "浓缩红细胞", "C": "白细胞悬液", "D": "洗涤白细胞"}, "answer": "浓缩红细胞", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于腹股沟疝的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "嵌顿性疝多发生在斜疝", "B": "直疝的疝内容物多为小肠和大网膜", "C": "难复性疝的主要特点是疝块不能完全还纳", "D": "绞窄性疝疼痛减轻,但肿块仍在,说明病情好转"}, "answer": "绞窄性疝疼痛减轻,但肿块仍在,说明病情好转", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医疗机构临床用血应当制定用血计划,遵循(  )。", "options": {"A": "公平、公正的原则", "B": "准确、慎用的原则", "C": "合理、科学的原则", "D": "勤查、深究的原则"}, "answer": "合理、科学的原则", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "食管胸部前面邻接的结构是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸主动脉", "B": "胸骨", "C": "半奇静脉", "D": "左心房"}, "answer": "左心房", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某医师欲采用横断面调查研究的方法调查高血压病在人群中的分布情况,选择最合适的指标为(  )。", "options": {"A": "病死率", "B": "发病率", "C": "死亡率", "D": "患病率"}, "answer": "患病率", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "诱导免疫耐受的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "切除成年动物的脾脏", "B": "切除成年动物的胸腺", "C": "注射极大量Ag", "D": "注射有丝分裂素和Ag"}, "answer": "注射极大量Ag", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,35岁。初产妇,妊娠34周,心慌,不能平卧一天。查体:P 120次/分,R 30次/分,BP 140/90mmHg。心界向左下扩大,双肺满布湿啰音,胎心率145次/分。正确的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纠正心衰后保守治疗", "B": "纠正心衰同时剖宫产", "C": "纠正心衰后剖宫产", "D": "纠正心衰同时破膜引产"}, "answer": "纠正心衰后剖宫产", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "脂酰CoA进行β-氧化的酶促反应顺序是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脱氢,加水,再脱氢,硫解", "B": "脱氢,脱水,再脱氢,硫解", "C": "加水,脱氢,硫解,再脱氢", "D": "脱水,脱氢,硫解,再脱氢"}, "answer": "脱氢,加水,再脱氢,硫解", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项为抑郁症患者的特征性睡眠障碍?(  )", "options": {"A": "入睡困难", "B": "易惊醒", "C": "早醒", "D": "睡眠过多"}, "answer": "早醒", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "检测血清中一种微量的小分子肽,下列方法中最敏感的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "放射免疫分析法", "B": "双向琼脂扩散法", "C": "单向琼脂扩散法", "D": "对流免疫电泳"}, "answer": "放射免疫分析法", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性骨髓炎,在骨膜下或骨髓内抽得脓液后,最关键的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多次抽脓并注入抗生素", "B": "联合使用大量抗生素", "C": "局部引流", "D": "局部固定防止病理性骨折"}, "answer": "局部引流", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.亚急性感染性心内膜炎时发生于视网膜的病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Janeway损害", "B": "瘀点", "C": "Roth斑", "D": "Osler结节"}, "answer": "Roth斑", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,上腹部不适,食欲不振3个月。1个月来出现黄疸进行性加重,有体重减轻,全身明显黄染,肝未触及,深吸气时可触及肿大的胆囊底部,无触痛。化验:血胆红素15mg/dL;尿检:胆红素阳性。最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝炎", "B": "胆石症", "C": "胰头癌", "D": "慢性胰腺炎"}, "answer": "胰头癌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "最易发生血栓并发症的肾病综合征病理类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "微小病变肾病", "B": "系膜增生性肾炎(非IgA肾病)", "C": "膜性肾病", "D": "局灶节段性肾小球硬化"}, "answer": "膜性肾病", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于医德规范,下列提法中错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "调节医务人员人际关系的出发点和根本准则", "B": "医务人员行为的具体医德标准", "C": "医德原则的具体体现和补充", "D": "把医德理想变成医德实践的中间环节"}, "answer": "调节医务人员人际关系的出发点和根本准则", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,22岁,受凉后出现咽痛,咳嗽,发热,1天后出现全程肉眼血尿2次,无尿频,尿急,尿痛。尿常规:蛋白(++),尿沉渣镜检:RBC满视野。血SCr 74μmol/L。1.最可能的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性间质性肾炎", "B": "急性肾盂肾炎", "C": "急性肾小球肾炎", "D": "IgA肾病"}, "answer": "IgA肾病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.病人觉得自己的配偶另有新欢,经常跟踪、逼问配偶以求证实,即使不能证实也坚信不疑(  )。", "options": {"A": "被害妄想", "B": "被控制妄想", "C": "夸大妄想", "D": "嫉妒妄想"}, "answer": "嫉妒妄想", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.血管壁外伤(  )。", "options": {"A": "夹层动脉瘤", "B": "多发性微小动脉瘤", "C": "真性动脉瘤", "D": "假性动脉瘤"}, "answer": "假性动脉瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.5个月婴儿每日所需8%的糖牛奶量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "700ml", "B": "660ml", "C": "500ml", "D": "300ml"}, "answer": "660ml", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,72岁。乏力,走路不稳3个月。查体:肌张力减低,共济失调,意向性震颤,指鼻试验阳性,该患者最可能的病变部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小脑", "B": "皮层运动区", "C": "脑干", "D": "脊髓"}, "answer": "小脑", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,11个月,发热咳嗽3~4天,食后呕吐,腹泻5~6次/天,蛋花汤样。体温39.5℃,心率140次/分,呼吸60次/分,神萎,气促,唇周青紫,口唇干燥,心音略低,二肺底湿啰音,腹部皮肤弹性减退。其酸碱平衡紊乱:血pH7.24,PaCO248mmHg,SB24mmol/L,BE6mmol/L。应考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸性酸中毒,代偿性", "B": "代谢性酸中毒,代偿性", "C": "代谢性酸中毒,失代偿性", "D": "代谢性合并呼吸性酸中毒"}, "answer": "代谢性合并呼吸性酸中毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,45岁。行走时右小腿和足部出现间歇性疼痛1年余。近3个月夜间呈持续性疼痛,足趾呈紫黑色、干冷。吸烟史20余年,每日2包。该患者不应该选择的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "严格戒烟", "B": "手术治疗", "C": "高压氧仓治疗", "D": "热疗"}, "answer": "热疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "可以灭活C3b的成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "S蛋白", "B": "C4结合蛋白", "C": "C8结合蛋白", "D": "I因子"}, "answer": "I因子", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,42岁。1944年胸部X光片据说有异常,但无症状。至1965年才感到双臂举过头顶时有困难,双睑午后下垂,并发觉视物成双。检查:双睑下垂,眨眼疲劳试验阳性,各眼外肌均无力。两臂上举过头只能坚持30秒,两下肢近端无力。面肌力弱,但无咽下困难与构音障碍。反射感觉正常,未见肌萎缩和肌束颤动。3.明确诊断的合适方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌电图", "B": "神经传导速度测定", "C": "腾喜龙试验", "D": "CT"}, "answer": "腾喜龙试验", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "45岁女性患者,10月前因左股骨颈头下型骨折行空心钉固定术,术后3月下地行走。近2月来,左髋疼痛明显,不能行走,X线片示左股骨头密度高低不均,形态基本正常,诊断应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "左髋关节结核", "B": "化脓性关节炎", "C": "左股骨头缺血性坏死", "D": "股骨头肿瘤"}, "answer": "左股骨头缺血性坏死", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,31岁。上腹疼2年,疼痛发作与情绪、饮食有关,查体:上腹部轻压痛,胃镜:胃窦皱襞平坦,可见黏膜下血管分布,此病例可诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃黏膜脱垂症", "B": "慢性非萎缩性胃炎", "C": "胃癌", "D": "慢性萎缩性胃炎"}, "answer": "慢性萎缩性胃炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于上肢骨折临床愈合标准哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "局部无反常活动", "B": "外固定解除后观察2天骨折处不变形", "C": "X线片显示骨折线模糊、有连续性骨痂通过骨折线", "D": "外固定解除后上肢能向前举1kg重量达1分钟"}, "answer": "外固定解除后观察2天骨折处不变形", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "面对威胁性的应激源,通过各种适当的心理和行为对策来消除或缓解个体的紧张状态,称之为(  )。", "options": {"A": "激励", "B": "回避", "C": "应对", "D": "超脱"}, "answer": "应对", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.术后呼吸困难和窒息(  )。", "options": {"A": "喉返神经损伤", "B": "喉上神经内支损伤", "C": "喉上神经外支损伤", "D": "手术区内出血"}, "answer": "手术区内出血", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.给高热患者酒精擦浴是为了增加(  )。", "options": {"A": "辐射散热", "B": "对流散热", "C": "蒸发散热", "D": "发汗"}, "answer": "蒸发散热", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "初产妇,30岁。孕37周,规律宫缩3小时,产科检查:宫口开大2cm,臀先露,S=-2。2分钟前胎膜自然破裂,胎心监护显示胎心率90次/分,阴道内诊触及搏动条索状物。最恰当的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "采取头低臀高位,立即行剖宫产术", "B": "吸氧,胎心恢复后立即行剖宫产术", "C": "行外转胎位术后等待自然分娩", "D": "静脉滴注缩宫素.宫口开全行臀牵引"}, "answer": "采取头低臀高位,立即行剖宫产术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "维持机体新陈代谢所必需的能量,下列哪项是小儿所特有的?(  )", "options": {"A": "活动所需", "B": "生长发育所需", "C": "基础代谢", "D": "排泄损失能量"}, "answer": "生长发育所需", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪项是Colles骨折远段的典型移位?(  )", "options": {"A": "近侧端向桡侧背侧移位", "B": "近侧端向尺侧背侧移位", "C": "远侧端向桡侧背侧移位", "D": "远侧端向尺侧背侧移位"}, "answer": "远侧端向桡侧背侧移位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "持久的心理应激可导致以下疾病,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "过敏", "B": "哮喘", "C": "肿瘤", "D": "高血压"}, "answer": "过敏", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "确认新生儿败血症最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血CRP", "B": "血常规", "C": "免疫功能测定", "D": "血培养"}, "answer": "血培养", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于原发性脑干损伤以下哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "昏迷时间超过12小时,甚至无体征", "B": "四肢强直性痉挛,锥体束征阳性", "C": "瞳孔多变或不等圆,对光反射迟钝", "D": "体温调节功能障碍,体温不升"}, "answer": "体温调节功能障碍,体温不升", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "根据《医疗事故处理条例》,患者一方向卫生行政部门提出医疗事故争议处理申请的期限为自知道或应当知道发生人身损害之日起(  )。", "options": {"A": "15日内", "B": "3个月内", "C": "1年内", "D": "2年内"}, "answer": "1年内", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者女性,40岁。车祸致伤,即来院就诊,神志模糊,左耳道及鼻均有少量活动性出血,口腔内有较多污物及血外溢。查体:心率110次/分,血压140/90mmHg,双瞳孔等大等圆,直径3mm,对光反射存在。双上肢可自主活动,左大腿中段、右踝明显肿胀,活动受限。1.入抢救室处理措施中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸氧,心电监护", "B": "用消毒棉球填塞鼻腔及左耳道止血", "C": "请多科医生会诊处理", "D": "输液"}, "answer": "用消毒棉球填塞鼻腔及左耳道止血", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于新生儿胎便的特点下列哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "新生儿生后12小时内排出胎便", "B": "由肠粘膜脱落的上皮细胞,羊水及消化液组成", "C": "墨绿色", "D": "约2~3天排完"}, "answer": "新生儿生后12小时内排出胎便", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有关气道高反应性(AHR)的描述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "AHR是哮喘发作的重要神经机制", "B": "气道炎症是导致AHR的重要机制", "C": "AHR检测阳性者可诊断支气管哮喘", "D": "AHR不受遗传因素的影响"}, "answer": "气道炎症是导致AHR的重要机制", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对急性脑血管病的病变部位叙述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑血栓形成最易发生在大脑中动脉", "B": "脑栓塞以大脑中动脉阻塞最常见", "C": "脑桥出血多由基底动脉的旁正中动脉破裂所致", "D": "蛛网膜下腔出血以大脑凸面畸形血管破裂最多见"}, "answer": "蛛网膜下腔出血以大脑凸面畸形血管破裂最多见", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,26岁,足月分娩后12个月后出现持续的阴道不规则流血,血β-hCG持续高水平。CT示肺部转移灶。最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎盘部位反应", "B": "胎盘残留", "C": "绒毛膜癌", "D": "葡萄胎"}, "answer": "绒毛膜癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "克罗恩病的手术指征不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠内瘘", "B": "慢性肠穿孔", "C": "发热、腹痛、体重下降", "D": "肠管狭窄"}, "answer": "发热、腹痛、体重下降", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.维生素D缺乏性佝偻病的治疗原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "补充维生素D+钙剂", "B": "止惊-抗感染-降颅内压", "C": "止惊-静脉注射葡萄糖", "D": "止惊-退热-对症"}, "answer": "补充维生素D+钙剂", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,64岁。上腹部不适、隐痛2个月。逐渐加重,有胀满感,食欲下降,曾服多种药物治疗无好转。无胃病史。查体:略消瘦,腹部未见阳性体征,化验血Hb 100g/L,粪隐血(+),首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性胃炎", "B": "胃溃疡", "C": "胃黏膜脱垂", "D": "胃癌"}, "answer": "胃癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,10个月,发热2天,抽搐1次,急诊人院,询问病史,其母患浸润性肺结核。查体:心肺正常,前囟饱满,颈软,肝、脾轻度肿大。脑脊液:外观清,细胞数100×106/L,中性粒细胞占0.3,淋巴细胞占0.7,糖1.1mmol/L,氯化物101mmol/L。首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "中毒性脑病", "B": "结核性脑膜炎", "C": "化脓性脑膜炎", "D": "病毒性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "结核性脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一女孩发育正常,会坐、会爬,不能站立、行走,能发出“爸爸”等复音字。3.头围应该达到(  )。", "options": {"A": "45cm", "B": "46cm", "C": "48cm", "D": "34cm"}, "answer": "45cm", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "毛果芸香碱滴眼可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "缩瞳、降低眼内压、调节麻痹", "B": "缩瞳、升高眼内压、调节痉挛", "C": "扩瞳、升高眼内压、调节痉挛", "D": "缩瞳、降低眼内压、调节痉挛"}, "answer": "缩瞳、降低眼内压、调节痉挛", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "何者核酸中具有长末端重复序列(LTR)?(  )", "options": {"A": "轮状病毒", "B": "柯萨奇病毒", "C": "腺病毒", "D": "HIV"}, "answer": "HIV", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "可诱导初始T细胞分化为Th1的细胞因子(  )。", "options": {"A": "IL-4", "B": "IL-12", "C": "IL-13", "D": "IL-6"}, "answer": "IL-12", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "8岁女孩,因眼睑浮肿1周,伴下肢水肿4天,咳嗽伴喘憋1天入院。体检:血压135/96mmHg,半卧位,呼吸急促,眼睑浮肿,双下肢非凹陷性水肿,心率135次/min,律齐,心音有力,双肺底部可闻及细小水泡音,肝肋下3.5cm。此患儿诊断应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾炎", "B": "支原体肺炎", "C": "急性肾炎伴肺炎", "D": "急性肾炎合并循环充血"}, "answer": "急性肾炎合并循环充血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,45岁。便中排节片2年,视物不清2个月,粪便中检出猪肉绦虫虫卵。下列处理措施中错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "眼科裂隙灯检查", "B": "待眼科治疗后再进行杀虫治疗", "C": "诊断明确后立即开始杀虫治疗", "D": "住院治疗"}, "answer": "诊断明确后立即开始杀虫治疗", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.开展以医院为基础的病例对照研究,最常见的偏倚是(  )。", "options": {"A": "入院率偏倚", "B": "不依从偏倚", "C": "回忆偏倚", "D": "失访偏倚"}, "answer": "入院率偏倚", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "计算患病率的分子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "观察期间某病的暴露人口数", "B": "观察期间某病的新旧病例数", "C": "观察期间某病的新发病例数", "D": "观察期间所有人口数"}, "answer": "观察期间某病的新旧病例数", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.血红素合成的原料是(  )。", "options": {"A": "琥珀酰辅酶A", "B": "胆红素", "C": "乙酰辅酶A", "D": "2,3-二磷酸甘油酸"}, "answer": "琥珀酰辅酶A", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,35岁。2年前曾因“浸润型肺结核”住院治疗,近半年又有低热、盗汗、食欲不振、全身无力和咯血,痰中可查出结核杆菌。X线片示双肺上部多个空洞,大小不一,双肺下部多个灶状致密斑点状阴影。试诊断患者可能是继发性肺结核病哪一类型?(  )", "options": {"A": "局灶型肺结核", "B": "慢性纤维空洞型肺结核", "C": "干酪样肺炎", "D": "结核球"}, "answer": "慢性纤维空洞型肺结核", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不是自杀行为高危因素的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "严重的抑郁症患者、酒和药物依赖性患者", "B": "支持系统差,社会经济地位低", "C": "以往出现过自伤或自杀", "D": "文化程度低的患者"}, "answer": "文化程度低的患者", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有关幻觉在诊断中意义的描述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "在意识障碍下出现的幻视多为生动鲜明的形象,并常具有恐怖性质", "B": "非言语性幻听多见于脑局灶性病变", "C": "顶枕部位的病灶则产生较复杂的景象性幻视", "D": "机能性与反射性幻觉主要见于器质性精神障碍"}, "answer": "机能性与反射性幻觉主要见于器质性精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "重症腹泻补钾时,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "输液后有尿开始补钾", "B": "静脉输液中氯化钾的浓度不超过0.3%", "C": "每日补钾静滴时间不短于8小时", "D": "每日氯化钾的剂量1~2mmol/kg"}, "answer": "每日氯化钾的剂量1~2mmol/kg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,54岁。发热、胸痛伴心包摩擦音,曾用非激素类抗炎药。3周后呼吸困难加重,心率110次/分,律齐,心音遥远,血压90/70mmHg,肝大,下肢水肿。4.不属于心包穿刺的指征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏压塞", "B": "为证实心包积液的存在", "C": "为明确心包积液的性质", "D": "心包积脓"}, "answer": "为证实心包积液的存在", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.上述哪项是T细胞的表面分子?(  )", "options": {"A": "CD3", "B": "CD19", "C": "KIR", "D": "MHC-Ⅱ"}, "answer": "CD3", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,56岁。间断活动时憋喘1年余,近期加重,重体力活动即感喘憋,有夜间憋醒。既往高血压病8年余,糖尿病4年余。查体:BP 150/100mmHg,双肺呼吸音清。心率76次/分,律齐。患者经药物治疗症状好转,为改善预后需要长期使用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "洋地黄类药物", "B": "肾上腺素能受体激动剂", "C": "利尿剂", "D": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂"}, "answer": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "能使伤寒不断传播或流行的传染源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤寒的极期病人", "B": "恢复期带菌者", "C": "缓解期带菌者", "D": "慢性带菌者"}, "answer": "慢性带菌者", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.上述哪一型食管癌梗阻程度较轻?(  )", "options": {"A": "缩窄型或硬化型", "B": "髓质型", "C": "溃疡型", "D": "腔内型"}, "answer": "溃疡型", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "癌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上皮来源恶性肿瘤的总称", "B": "上皮来源肿瘤的总称", "C": "一切肿瘤的总称", "D": "一切恶性肿瘤的总称"}, "answer": "上皮来源恶性肿瘤的总称", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.系统性红斑狼疮(  )。", "options": {"A": "关节间隙狭窄有骨质破坏", "B": "普遍性骨质疏松", "C": "压缩性骨折", "D": "无明显异常"}, "answer": "无明显异常", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "最易与再障混淆的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性血小板减少性紫癜", "B": "阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿", "C": "脾功能亢进", "D": "“非白血性”白血病"}, "answer": "阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,38岁,间歇性浮肿10余年,伴恶心、呕吐1周。血压155/110mmHg。血常规Hb 80g/L。尿常规:尿蛋白(++),颗粒管型2~3个/HP。血Cr 485μmol/L。3.上例患者肾功能损害分期为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾功能不全代偿期", "B": "肾功能不全氮质血症期", "C": "肾功能衰竭期", "D": "尿毒症晚期"}, "answer": "肾功能衰竭期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,9个月,8kg,发热、呕吐、腹泻3天,大便蛋花汤样,无腥臭味,尿量明显少。精神委靡,皮肤弹性差,眼凹陷,唇樱红,四肢凉。诊断为婴儿腹泻,血钠132mmol/L。2.第一天补液种类应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "2:1液", "B": "2:3:1液", "C": "维持液", "D": "10%葡萄糖液"}, "answer": "2:3:1液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,64岁。头晕、心悸4~5年,心尖搏动向左下移位,呈抬举性搏动,于胸骨左缘第3、4肋间可闻及叹气样舒张期杂音,为递减型,向心尖传导。在心尖区闻及隆隆样舒张早期杂音,股动脉可闻及枪击音。患者应首先考虑的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "二尖瓣狭窄", "B": "主动脉瓣关闭不全", "C": "主动脉瓣狭窄", "D": "室间隔缺损"}, "answer": "主动脉瓣关闭不全", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "人格包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "人格模式和人格倾向", "B": "人格特质和行为模式", "C": "人格特征和人格倾向", "D": "人格特征和行为模式"}, "answer": "人格特征和人格倾向", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者男性,28岁。2天前受凉后突发高热,呼吸困难,咳嗽,咳铁锈色痰。X线显示右肺下叶大片状阴影。其肺部的病理改变应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "浆液性炎", "B": "纤维素性炎", "C": "化脓性炎", "D": "肉芽肿性炎"}, "answer": "纤维素性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.腹水(  )。", "options": {"A": "黏膜的浆液渗出性炎", "B": "皮肤烫伤的水疱", "C": "体腔内蓄积大量的液体", "D": "伤口表面的脓苔"}, "answer": "体腔内蓄积大量的液体", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.有明确目的、要付出意志努力的识记是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有意识记", "B": "意义识记", "C": "联想识记", "D": "机械识记"}, "answer": "有意识记", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心肌梗死24小时内并发急性左心衰竭时,最不宜应用(  )。", "options": {"A": "利尿剂", "B": "洋地黄", "C": "吗啡", "D": "硝酸甘油"}, "answer": "洋地黄", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "由病人的家长和家属或他人做出求医决定的求医类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动", "B": "被动", "C": "稳定", "D": "独立"}, "answer": "被动", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,32岁。因十二指肠溃疡行毕Ⅱ式胃大部切除术后6个月。术后出现反酸、烧心症状。应用抑酸剂治疗无效。上述症状逐渐加重,并呕吐胆汁样物,上腹部及胸骨后灼烧样疼痛,体重减轻。查体:T 36.5℃,P 80次/分,BP 120/80mmHg,贫血貌,消瘦,营养不良,巩膜无黄染,心肺查体未见异常。胃镜检查见黏膜充血、水肿、糜烂,胃液中无游离酸,最适当的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "采取少食多餐方式", "B": "行Roux-en-Y胃空肠吻合术", "C": "应用H2受体拮抗剂", "D": "注意餐后平卧"}, "answer": "行Roux-en-Y胃空肠吻合术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者伸舌偏左,右侧肢体痉挛性偏瘫,右侧Babinski征(+),以下哪项为该患者的病变部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "左侧内囊", "B": "左侧中脑", "C": "左侧延髓", "D": "右侧延髓"}, "answer": "左侧延髓", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "类风湿性关节炎的诊断标准共计10项,典型病例应具备其中几项?(  )", "options": {"A": "4项", "B": "3项", "C": "5项", "D": "7项"}, "answer": "7项", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,8岁,枕部着地,昏迷5min后清醒,并自己回到家中,其后出现头痛并呈逐渐加重伴呕吐,1h后不省人事,急送医院。查体:17.3/12.0kPa(130/90mmHg),脉搏65/min,呼吸15/min,浅昏迷,右枕部头皮挫伤,左侧瞳孔4mm,对光反应消失;右侧瞳孔2.5mm,对光反应存在。3.引起病人浅昏迷、左侧瞳孔散大最可能原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "枕骨大孔疝", "B": "小脑幕切迹疝", "C": "颈髓损伤", "D": "右侧视神经损害"}, "answer": "小脑幕切迹疝", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列恶性肿瘤中,应用放疗疗效最好的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝癌", "B": "子宫内膜癌", "C": "睾丸精原细胞瘤", "D": "胃癌"}, "answer": "睾丸精原细胞瘤", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "股骨下1/3骨折可损伤(  )。", "options": {"A": "股动脉", "B": "胫神经", "C": "正中神经", "D": "闭孔神经"}, "answer": "胫神经", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于断肢再植原则,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "首先进行彻底的清创", "B": "肌腱常做二期缝接", "C": "主要的动、静脉均应做吻合", "D": "神经应一期修复"}, "answer": "肌腱常做二期缝接", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不属于风湿热的主要表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热", "B": "关节炎", "C": "心脏炎", "D": "环形红斑"}, "answer": "发热", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不是细胞间信息物质的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "前列腺素", "B": "三磷酸肌醇", "C": "去甲肾上腺素", "D": "生长因子"}, "answer": "三磷酸肌醇", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,35岁。颈前包块8年,心慌、气短、怕热、多汗半年。查体:P 110次/分,BP 160/70mmHg,无突眼,甲状腺触及多个结节,中等硬度,表面光滑,随吞咽可上下移动。实验室检查:T3、T4增高,TSH降低,TPOAb及TGAb均阴性。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎", "B": "结节性甲状腺肿继发甲亢", "C": "甲状腺自主功能腺癌", "D": "单纯性甲状腺肿"}, "answer": "结节性甲状腺肿继发甲亢", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,55岁。发现肝硬化已10年。4天前与朋友聚餐时出现呕血,鲜红色,量约1000mL。患者出现头晕、心慌、出冷汗等。经输血、补液和应用止血药物治疗后病情好转,血压和心率恢复正常。1天前起出现睡眠障碍,并出现幻听和言语不清。化验检查示:血氨130ug/dl,血糖5.6mmol/L,尿素氮7.2mmol/L。4.为明确出血原因,待病情稳定后,最好行下列哪项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "钡餐透视", "B": "吞线试验", "C": "胃镜检查", "D": "MRI"}, "answer": "胃镜检查", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,2岁。因间断抽搐半年就诊,1岁以后智能渐落后,皮肤色泽变浅,头发变黄,常有呕吐,对明确诊断最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "染色体核型分析", "B": "血钙", "C": "尿有机酸分析", "D": "血TSH、T4"}, "answer": "尿有机酸分析", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为脑干病损时瘫痪的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "完全性均等性偏瘫", "B": "截瘫", "C": "交叉性瘫", "D": "伴明显肌肉萎缩"}, "answer": "交叉性瘫", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪种物质不是NADH氧化呼吸链的组分?(  )", "options": {"A": "FAD", "B": "FMN", "C": "Cyt", "D": "泛醌"}, "answer": "FAD", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "9个月患儿,发热、咳嗽3天,加重半天,突然烦躁,喘憋加重。体检:三凹征明显,呼吸80次/分,心率170次/分,心音钝,两肺内散在中细湿啰音,叩诊正常,肝肋下3.5cm。临床考虑可能是合并(  )。", "options": {"A": "气胸", "B": "纵隔气胸", "C": "心力衰竭", "D": "肺不张"}, "answer": "心力衰竭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.医疗事故的损害结果(  )。", "options": {"A": "造成患者人身损害", "B": "过失", "C": "违法行为和损害结果之间有因果关系", "D": "实施了违反卫生管理法律、行政法规、部门规章和诊疗护理规范、常规的行为"}, "answer": "造成患者人身损害", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列局麻药中毒性最大的药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "利多卡因", "B": "普鲁卡因", "C": "依替卡因", "D": "丁卡因"}, "answer": "丁卡因", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "深Ⅱ度烧伤的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "痛觉迟钝,创面苍白,无水疱", "B": "痛觉迟钝,创面红、白相间,有水疱", "C": "轻度疼痛,轻度发红,无水疱", "D": "剧痛,创面均匀发红,有水疱"}, "answer": "痛觉迟钝,创面红、白相间,有水疱", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "30岁初产妇,孕38周,规律宫缩18小时,肛查宫口8cm,先露0。胎膜未破,腹部触诊为头先露,宫缩时宫体部不硬,持续30秒,间隔5分钟,胎心140次/分,B型超声检查示胎儿双顶径为9.0cm。1.出现上述临床表现是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎儿过大", "B": "子宫收缩乏力", "C": "子宫收缩过强", "D": "胎儿畸形"}, "answer": "子宫收缩乏力", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,65岁。活动时心悸、气短1年余。查体:胸骨左缘第3肋间可闻及舒张期叹气样杂音,向心尖部传导,周围血管征阳性。该患者心界叩诊最可能的表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "向左下扩大,心腰凹陷", "B": "向左扩大,心腰饱满", "C": "向右侧扩大", "D": "向两侧扩大"}, "answer": "向左下扩大,心腰凹陷", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.新月体形成(  )。", "options": {"A": "快速进行性肾小球肾炎", "B": "急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎", "C": "微小病变性肾小球肾炎", "D": "膜性增生性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "快速进行性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,54岁,肝硬化20年。腹部B超检查:腹水最大液区深18cm,化验检查:血清钠142mmol/L,钾6.3mmol/L,BUN 23mmol/L,血肌酐224umol/L。治疗措施错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "10%葡萄糖酸钙20ml缓慢静脉注射", "B": "口服螺内酯", "C": "控制体液入量", "D": "葡萄糖加胰岛素静滴"}, "answer": "口服螺内酯", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于肱骨外上髁炎,下述哪一项不对?(  )", "options": {"A": "局封常有效", "B": "一旦确诊应手术松解", "C": "好发于网球运动员", "D": "是伸腕伸指肌腱止点处的慢性损伤性炎症"}, "answer": "一旦确诊应手术松解", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5.复方碘溶液(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制TH合成", "B": "阻抑T4外周组织中转化为T3", "C": "减少甲状腺血液供应", "D": "破坏甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞"}, "answer": "减少甲状腺血液供应", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "淋病是何种类型的炎症?(  )", "options": {"A": "急性化脓性炎症", "B": "急性变质性炎症", "C": "出血性炎", "D": "浆液性炎症"}, "answer": "急性化脓性炎症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.起病急骤,以片断妄想、幻觉或多种妄想、幻觉或言语、行为紊乱的精神病性症状为主,病程至少数小时至1个月的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯型分裂症", "B": "紧张型分裂症", "C": "妄想性障碍", "D": "急性短暂性精神障碍"}, "answer": "急性短暂性精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,60岁。右下肢水肿4年,1天前出现呼吸困难,并进行性加重,血气分析(未吸氧)pH 7.46,PaO2 56mmHg,PaCO2 28mmHg。1.本病诊断的金标准是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺通气灌注扫描", "B": "肺CT扫描", "C": "下肢血管多普勒超声检查", "D": "肺动脉造影(CTPA)"}, "answer": "肺动脉造影(CTPA)", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,30岁,4小时前跌伤后昏迷5分钟,清醒后步行回家。1小时前因剧烈头痛,呕吐3次送来急诊。查体:昏迷,脉搏64次/分,血压180/90mmHg,呼吸18次/分,左瞳孔3mm,右瞳孔2mm,右上、下肢肌力Ⅲ级。3.应立即采取的急救措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用促苏醒剂", "B": "应用降血压药", "C": "严密观察病情变化", "D": "静脉滴注甘露醇,同时做开颅准备"}, "answer": "应用降血压药", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "阑尾周围脓肿非手术治疗治愈,择期行阑尾切除的时间是治愈后多少时间(  )。", "options": {"A": "1周", "B": "2周", "C": "1个月", "D": "3个月"}, "answer": "3个月", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "初产妇,26岁。妊娠40周,临产11小时,宫口开大4cm。前羊膜囊饱满,S=0,胎心率140次/分。目前该患者恰当的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌肉注射哌替啶", "B": "静脉滴注缩宫素", "C": "行人工破膜", "D": "温肥皂水灌肠"}, "answer": "行人工破膜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.周期性瘫痪是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病", "B": "神经-肌肉传递障碍性疾病", "C": "血清钾低", "D": "黑质致密区含黑色素的神经元缺失"}, "answer": "血清钾低", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于过敏性紫癜哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "临床主要表现为皮肤紫癜", "B": "本病是血管变态反应性疾病", "C": "儿童及青少年多见", "D": "肾型多出现于紫癜发生前"}, "answer": "肾型多出现于紫癜发生前", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列不符合全身性外科感染的叙述的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "伴有厌氧菌感染时易形成脓肿", "B": "外科真菌感染属条件性感染", "C": "真菌感染时血培养易发现", "D": "菌血症是脓毒症的一种"}, "answer": "真菌感染时血培养易发现", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,59岁,诊断为急性前壁心梗,经治疗后病情稳定,一个月后又出现心绞痛,这类病人易发生(  )。", "options": {"A": "心律失常", "B": "室壁瘤", "C": "再梗死", "D": "栓塞"}, "answer": "再梗死", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "诊断肱骨外上髁炎的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Mills征阳性", "B": "Lasegue试验阳性", "C": "Dugas征阳性", "D": "Finkelstein试验阳性"}, "answer": "Mills征阳性", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于深部脓肿,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "有凹陷性水肿", "B": "局部有疼痛与压痛", "C": "可扪及波动感", "D": "有明显全身症状"}, "answer": "可扪及波动感", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "符合胎儿缺氧早期表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎动增强", "B": "胎动减弱", "C": "胎动频繁", "D": "心率减慢"}, "answer": "胎动频繁", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "诊断缺铁最肯定的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性失血史", "B": "小细胞低色素性贫血", "C": "转铁蛋白饱和度降低", "D": "骨髓小粒可染铁消失"}, "answer": "骨髓小粒可染铁消失", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,48岁,呕血5小时。查体:P 120次/min,BP 95/60mmHg,营养状况差,巩膜明显黄染。腹壁可见静脉曲张,肝未触及,脾肋下6cm,移动性浊音阳性。3.首先应输注的液体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人血白蛋白", "B": "复方氨基酸溶液", "C": "平衡盐溶液", "D": "5%葡萄糖溶液"}, "answer": "平衡盐溶液", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,男,6岁,患先天愚型,消瘦、乏力、气短、多汗,近年来发生青紫。查体:营养发育差,于胸骨右缘3、4肋间闻及粗糙的全收缩期杂音,可触及震颤,肺动脉第二音亢进,X线以右室大为主。可诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "高位室间隔缺损", "B": "房间隔缺损", "C": "艾森曼格综合征", "D": "动脉导管未闭"}, "answer": "艾森曼格综合征", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "引起病毒性肺炎占首位的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "流感病毒", "B": "腺病毒", "C": "合胞病毒", "D": "肠道病毒"}, "answer": "合胞病毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是继发性肺结核的病变特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺门淋巴结常有明显的干酪样坏死", "B": "病变在肺内主要经受侵的支气管播散", "C": "易发生干酪样坏死,不形成结核结节", "D": "肺内病变多位于下叶"}, "answer": "病变在肺内主要经受侵的支气管播散", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.可采用雄激素治疗的贫血是(  )。", "options": {"A": "缺铁性贫血", "B": "再生障碍性贫血", "C": "巨幼红细胞性贫血", "D": "甲状腺功能减退所致贫血"}, "answer": "再生障碍性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某人已被确诊为某病,而本人否认自己有病,此人角色行为的改变属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "角色行为冲突", "B": "角色行为减退", "C": "角色行为强化", "D": "角色行为缺如"}, "answer": "角色行为缺如", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,52岁,腰痛3年,长期口服止痛药。10天前搬重物后突感腰腿痛加剧,并出现左下肢麻木与排尿困难。体检:腰运动受限,腰5骶l平面偏棘突左侧压痛向下肢放散,直腿抬高试验阳性。马鞍区痛觉减退。1.出现排尿困难,鞍区麻木的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "窦椎神经受刺激", "B": "脊神经后支卡压", "C": "S1神经根受压", "D": "马尾神经受压"}, "answer": "马尾神经受压", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,28岁。间断下腹痛4年余,大便2~3次/日,稀便,无脓血,便后下腹痛可缓解。粪常规检查:未见细胞,潜血试验阴性,查体无异常发现。2.该患者最适合的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "喹诺酮类抗生素", "B": "泼尼松龙", "C": "异烟肼", "D": "匹维溴铵"}, "answer": "匹维溴铵", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.亚急性甲状腺炎伴甲亢的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺疼痛", "B": "多见于老年人", "C": "宜手术治疗", "D": "易合并甲状腺癌"}, "answer": "甲状腺疼痛", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "QRS波群代表(  )。", "options": {"A": "心房的去极化", "B": "心室的去极化", "C": "心室的复极化", "D": "浦肯野纤维网复极化"}, "answer": "心室的去极化", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "目前法定传染病的病原体中不包括的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒", "B": "原虫", "C": "细菌", "D": "弓形虫"}, "answer": "弓形虫", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.患者,2岁,4天前开始发热、流涕、打喷嚏、畏光,今日体温升高,且咳嗽,出现皮疹,急来就诊。查体:体温40.5℃,口腔黏膜粗糙,耳后、颈部沿发际边缘见红色斑丘疹,双肺呼吸音粗(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹", "B": "幼儿急疹", "C": "猩红热", "D": "荨麻疹"}, "answer": "麻疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对腹膜刺激最轻的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血液", "B": "肠液", "C": "胰液", "D": "胃液"}, "answer": "血液", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.75岁老人,跌倒手掌着地,致桡骨下端骨折(  )。", "options": {"A": "切开复位、内固定", "B": "闭合复位、外固定、支架固定", "C": "骨牵引", "D": "手法复位,石膏外固定"}, "answer": "手法复位,石膏外固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,23岁,急性泌尿系感染,用链霉素治疗同时还可加用下列哪种药,以增加疗效(  )。", "options": {"A": "碳酸氢钠", "B": "碳酸钙", "C": "维生素C", "D": "氯化铵"}, "answer": "碳酸氢钠", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "属于上皮组织发生的肿瘤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血管瘤", "B": "乳头状瘤", "C": "平滑肌瘤", "D": "脂肪瘤"}, "answer": "乳头状瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3岁女孩,主因眼睑及面部水肿两周就诊。查体:血压12/9kPa,全身高度水肿,呈凹陷性。实验室检查尿蛋白(++++),尿红细胞1~2/HP。2.支持肾炎性肾病的化验指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量蛋白尿", "B": "低白蛋白血症", "C": "a2球蛋白升高", "D": "血清补体C3下降"}, "answer": "血清补体C3下降", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,21岁,因工作紧张,近一月感觉压力重重,不能胜任工作,觉得自己一无是处,连累了父母,开煤气自杀被急送入院,入院后又趁人不备打破窗玻璃,用碎玻璃自杀,后经抢救脱险,经检查患者有青光眼病史。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应激障碍", "B": "抑郁症", "C": "虚无心境", "D": "恶劣心境障碍"}, "answer": "抑郁症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "冬季出生一男婴,足月顺产,现已4个月,体重5.8kg,只中乳喂养,未添加辅食。近日来,婴儿多烦躁,易激惹,夜惊、多汗,血钙、血磷、碱性磷酸酶正常。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "惊吓", "B": "佝偻病活动期", "C": "佝偻病早期", "D": "先天性佝偻病"}, "answer": "佝偻病早期", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "10个月婴儿,3个月前因发热、惊厥诊断为化脓性脑膜炎,经抗生素治疗1周热退,即停药,现头围47cm,前囟隆起,颅缝裂开,前额突出,两眼球向下呈落日征。2.为作出诊断,首选的检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰穿,脑脊液检查", "B": "硬膜下穿刺", "C": "侧脑室穿刺", "D": "颅脑CT检查"}, "answer": "颅脑CT检查", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "以下确诊伤寒最可靠的依据是来自(  )。", "options": {"A": "血培养", "B": "粪便培养", "C": "胆汁培养", "D": "肥达反应"}, "answer": "血培养", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.可激活补体的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "KIR", "B": "TCR", "C": "MBL", "D": "CEA"}, "answer": "MBL", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪相是与接合有关的细菌结构?(  )", "options": {"A": "微绒毛", "B": "性菌毛", "C": "鞭毛", "D": "纤毛"}, "answer": "性菌毛", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "促使胆囊收缩素释放作用最强的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋白质分解产物", "B": "糖类", "C": "脂酸钠", "D": "脂肪"}, "answer": "蛋白质分解产物", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "毒性最大的局麻药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "利多卡因", "B": "普鲁卡因", "C": "丁卡因", "D": "布比卡因"}, "answer": "丁卡因", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,男,11个月,以面色苍白、纳差、乏力一个月入院。查体:心率138次/分,心尖区闻及Ⅲ级收缩期杂音,血象:Hb50g/L,RBC2.54×1012/L,血涂片红细胞以小细胞为主,中心浅染区扩大。考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "生理性贫血", "B": "中度营养性缺铁性贫血", "C": "重度营养性缺铁性贫血", "D": "轻度营养性缺铁性贫血"}, "answer": "重度营养性缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对肝炎后肝硬化的诊断,下列哪项最有价值?(  )", "options": {"A": "蜘蛛痣", "B": "肝功能不正常", "C": "超声波显示肝不均质回声", "D": "食管钡餐检查下段有蚯蚓样充盈缺损"}, "answer": "食管钡餐检查下段有蚯蚓样充盈缺损", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "控制中枢性尿崩症的药物首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯磺丙脲", "B": "垂体后叶素", "C": "鞣酸加压素", "D": "去氨加压素"}, "answer": "去氨加压素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "初孕妇,29岁。妊娠37周,今晨喷射性呕吐1次。1小时前突然抽搐并随即昏迷入院。查体:BP 180/120,尿蛋白(+++)。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑血栓形成", "B": "脑出血", "C": "癔症", "D": "子痫"}, "answer": "子痫", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,26岁,与其父吵架后服敌敌畏60ml,30min后被家人送到医院,神志清楚,治疗过程中首先的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉注射安定", "B": "应用解磷啶", "C": "应用水合氯醛", "D": "彻底洗胃"}, "answer": "彻底洗胃", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,25岁。发作性意识丧失伴四肢抽搐8年。2天前自行调整治疗药物,次日出现频繁发作,意识不清。应立即采取的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服丙戊酸钠", "B": "静脉注射地西泮", "C": "肌注苯巴比妥", "D": "气管切开"}, "answer": "静脉注射地西泮", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.说明抗休克治疗时液体已补足的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿量少,CVP较低", "B": "尿量多,CVP很低", "C": "尿量多,CVP正常", "D": "尿量多,CVP偏高"}, "answer": "尿量多,CVP正常", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "化学性突触传递的特征中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "双向性传递", "B": "对内环境变化敏感", "C": "总和", "D": "后放"}, "answer": "双向性传递", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "青年刘某在筹备婚礼的过程中,连续多日劳累,患化脓性扁桃体炎。医生在诊查中发现他同时患有淋病。该患者住院4天,扁桃腺炎痊愈出院,医生嘱其充分休息。按照《母婴保健法》的规定,刘某(  )。", "options": {"A": "应当暂缓结婚", "B": "可以结婚,但不能生育", "C": "可以结婚,治愈后可生育", "D": "不影响结婚生育"}, "answer": "应当暂缓结婚", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.12岁小儿中点位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "身长的中点在脐上", "B": "身长的中点在脐下", "C": "身长的中点在脐与耻骨联合上缘之间", "D": "身长的中点在耻骨联合上缘"}, "answer": "身长的中点在耻骨联合上缘", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女孩,6岁,自幼啼哭时唇面青紫,会行走后喜蹲踞。轻度杵状指(趾),血压90/40mmHg,胸骨左缘第2、3肋间可闻及3级收缩期杂音伴收缩期震颤,肺动脉第二音单一感。胸片示心脏外形呈靴状,心腰凹陷,心尖上翘,肺纹理稀少。最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "室间隔缺损伴肺动脉高压", "B": "房间隔缺损伴肺动脉高压", "C": "动脉导管未闭伴肺动脉高压", "D": "法洛四联症"}, "answer": "法洛四联症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "主治医师邱某经过抗菌药物临床应用知识和规范管理培训并考核合格后,被授予限制使用级抗菌药物处方权。但不久,邱某因违反《抗菌药物临床应用管理办法》的相关规定,受到医院警告并限制其上述处方权。医院处理邱某的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使用价格相对较高的抗菌药物", "B": "在紧急情况下越级使用抗菌药物", "C": "无正当理由开具抗菌药物超常处方3次以上", "D": "在门诊使用限制使用级抗菌药物"}, "answer": "无正当理由开具抗菌药物超常处方3次以上", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "卵子由卵巢排出后未受精,黄体开始萎缩是在排卵后的(  )。", "options": {"A": "9~10天", "B": "11~12天", "C": "13~14天", "D": "15~16天"}, "answer": "9~10天", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某冠心病患者想接受冠脉搭桥治疗,但又担心术中出现意外,属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "双趋冲突", "B": "双避冲突", "C": "趋避冲突", "D": "双重趋避冲突"}, "answer": "趋避冲突", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项。最易发生转移?(  )", "options": {"A": "筛状癌", "B": "导管内癌", "C": "硬癌", "D": "黏液癌"}, "answer": "硬癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.36岁经产妇,现妊娠35周,有慢性高血压病史。今下午散步时被人撞倒在地,回家后突感腹部疼痛,持续性,无阴道出血。来院检查子宫发硬,无明显松弛,胎位似左枕前。胎心弱、听不清。可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎盘早剥", "B": "前置胎盘", "C": "先兆早产", "D": "妊娠合并阑尾炎"}, "answer": "胎盘早剥", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "癫痫治疗用药的特点正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单药、个体化、长期、根据类型用药", "B": "最好多种药物同时应用", "C": "孕妇应用抗癫痫药副作用较小", "D": "长期用药副作用不大"}, "answer": "单药、个体化、长期、根据类型用药", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男孩,5岁,自幼唇、指(趾)甲床青紫,乏力,活动后气促,体格发育落后,胸骨左缘第2~3肋间可闻及Ⅲ级收缩期杂音,经超声心动图证实为先天性心脏病——法洛匹联症。1.此患儿其心脏由哪4种畸形组成?(  )", "options": {"A": "主动脉狭窄,房间隔缺损,主动脉骑跨,左心室肥厚", "B": "肺动脉狭窄,室间隔缺损,主动脉骑跨,有心室肥厚", "C": "肺动脉狭窄,房间隔缺损,肺动脉骑跨,左心室肥厚", "D": "肺动脉瓣狭窄,房间隔缺损,主动脉骑跨,右心室肥厚"}, "answer": "肺动脉狭窄,室间隔缺损,主动脉骑跨,有心室肥厚", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "细胞膜内外正常的Na+和K+浓度差的形成和维持是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "膜在安静时对K+通透性大", "B": "膜在兴奋时对Na+通透性增加", "C": "细胞膜上Na+-K+泵的作用", "D": "细胞膜上ATP的作用"}, "answer": "细胞膜上Na+-K+泵的作用", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有关脑挫裂伤,下列论述哪项正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑挫裂伤是比脑震荡更严重的原发性脑损伤,伤后均有意识障碍,时间超过30分钟", "B": "意识障碍可出现中间清醒或好转期,但不一定是继发颅内血肿", "C": "只有腰穿证实蛛网膜下腔出血时才能确诊,测压高于正常", "D": "影像检查多有阳性表现,MRI优于CT,适用于所有情况"}, "answer": "意识障碍可出现中间清醒或好转期,但不一定是继发颅内血肿", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是人格核心?(  )", "options": {"A": "能力", "B": "气质", "C": "性格", "D": "动机"}, "answer": "性格", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "鉴别原发性和继发性靶腺功能减低时,最好的方法是下述哪一种?(  )", "options": {"A": "靶腺激素的测定", "B": "代谢状态的测定", "C": "促激素的测定", "D": "测定游离的靶腺激素"}, "answer": "促激素的测定", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列化合物不属于糖异生的原料的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氨基酸", "B": "丙酮酸", "C": "乳酸", "D": "脂肪酸"}, "answer": "脂肪酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于自知力的描述不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "自知力是自我控制的能力", "B": "神经症患者大都有自知力", "C": "自知力是判断疾病严重程度的重要指标", "D": "自知力与治疗依从性有关"}, "answer": "自知力是自我控制的能力", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.初产妇,24岁,妊娠38周,凌晨3时出现规律宫缩,19时30分宫口开大2cm,此时的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "第二产程延长", "B": "活跃期停滞", "C": "活跃期延长", "D": "潜伏期延长"}, "answer": "潜伏期延长", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于萎缩的描述,哪项正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "萎缩是一种生理现象", "B": "肾盂积水引起的肾萎缩属于内分泌萎缩", "C": "脑缺血所致的脑萎缩属于营养不良性萎缩", "D": "以上都不对"}, "answer": "脑缺血所致的脑萎缩属于营养不良性萎缩", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,72岁,乏力。面色苍白1年。40年前行胃大部切除术。查体:T 36.5℃,P 90次/分,R 16次/分,BP 110/80mmHg,皮肤及睑结膜苍白,双肺呼吸音清,心率90次/分,心律齐,各瓣膜听诊区未闻及杂音,腹软,上腹部见一长约7cm陈旧性手术瘢痕,全腹无压痛及反跳痛,未触及包块。实验室检查:Hb 70g/L,粪隐血(-)。胃镜:吻合口炎症。与病人贫血有关的因素不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃蛋白酶缺乏", "B": "铁缺乏", "C": "胃酸缺乏", "D": "叶酸缺乏"}, "answer": "胃蛋白酶缺乏", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "铁剂治疗缺铁性贫血应服用至(  )。", "options": {"A": "Hb正常后", "B": "网织红细胞和Hb达正常水平", "C": "Hb达正常水平后2个月左右", "D": "总疗程达1个月时"}, "answer": "Hb达正常水平后2个月左右", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "脑膜刺激征不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈项强直", "B": "巴氏征阳性", "C": "布氏征阳性", "D": "克氏征阳性"}, "answer": "巴氏征阳性", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对女性生殖器尖锐湿疣,不适宜的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "冷冻", "B": "微波", "C": "口服红霉素", "D": "激光"}, "answer": "口服红霉素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不符合静脉性充血的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小动脉扩张", "B": "局部温度降低", "C": "局部组织肿胀", "D": "间质水肿"}, "answer": "小动脉扩张", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,43岁。胃溃疡病史6年,近半个月来症状加重,2小时前突发穿孔,且全腹症状逐渐加重,最佳治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "非手术治疗", "B": "常规胃大部切除术", "C": "全胃切除术", "D": "保守治疗"}, "answer": "常规胃大部切除术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "因抢救危急患者,未能及时书写病历的,有关医务人员应在抢救结束后(  )内据实补记。", "options": {"A": "2小时", "B": "6小时", "C": "8小时", "D": "12小时"}, "answer": "6小时", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.常用作真核表达体系的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支原体", "B": "衣原体", "C": "噬菌体", "D": "酵母"}, "answer": "酵母", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "糖皮质激素对代谢的作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "促进脂肪分解", "B": "抑制蛋白质分解", "C": "轻微促进肾排钠", "D": "减少水的排出"}, "answer": "促进脂肪分解", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "影响小儿生长发育的因素中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "青春期开始较早者,最终身高相对较高", "B": "年龄越小受营养的影响越大", "C": "疾病对小儿生长发育的影响十分明显", "D": "生活环境对小儿性格和精神智能发育有影响"}, "answer": "青春期开始较早者,最终身高相对较高", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,35岁。机器碾压致腕部、手部受伤,手掌部皮肤严重缺损,肌腱外露,手指均不能屈曲,感觉消失,每2~3掌骨骨折。不正确的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "在止血带下清创", "B": "行皮瓣移植术", "C": "肌腱、神经损伤必须同时行一期修复", "D": "影响血供的血管损伤应立即修复"}, "answer": "肌腱、神经损伤必须同时行一期修复", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于抗毒素的叙述,下列正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是抗原,不是抗体", "B": "既是抗原,又是抗体", "C": "既非抗原,又非抗体", "D": "是异嗜性抗原"}, "answer": "既是抗原,又是抗体", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,70岁。右季肋部胀痛、食欲减退、尿黄5个月。乙肝肝硬化病史7年。查体:肝肋下5cm,表面不平,质硬,压痛。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性肝癌", "B": "继发性肝癌", "C": "乙肝活动期", "D": "胆囊炎"}, "answer": "原发性肝癌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者男性,18岁,右足和右小腿被开水烫伤,有水疱伴剧痛。创面基底部肿胀发红,烧伤面积和深度的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "5%浅Ⅱ度", "B": "10%浅Ⅱ度", "C": "10%深Ⅱ度", "D": "15%浅Ⅱ度"}, "answer": "10%浅Ⅱ度", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "痴呆的主要特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "感知障碍", "B": "判断理解力下降", "C": "不能自理生活", "D": "缓慢出现的智能减退"}, "answer": "缓慢出现的智能减退", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性粒细胞白血病与类白血病反应最主要的区别是(  )。", "options": {"A": "外周血可见中幼粒、晚幼粒细胞", "B": "脾大", "C": "Ph染色体阳性", "D": "骨髓检查:粒细胞增生活跃"}, "answer": "Ph染色体阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1岁半小儿,2天来流涕、鼻塞、精神好,今午后发热39℃,突然全身抽动、双眼发直、口吐白沫,持续2分钟后缓解,抽止后神志清楚。体检:发育正常,皮肤未见出血点,咽充血,心、肺无异常,前囟已闭,颈无抵抗,克氏征阴性。1.该病例临床诊断首先考虑的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上呼吸道感染,婴儿手足搐搦症", "B": "上呼吸道感染,典型高热惊厥", "C": "上呼吸道感染,癫痫", "D": "中枢神经系统感染"}, "answer": "上呼吸道感染,典型高热惊厥", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于第三心音,正确的描述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "性质清脆", "B": "正常成人均可闻及", "C": "在心尖部外侧听诊最清楚", "D": "音调低"}, "answer": "音调低", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,40岁,推销员,自述半小时前又突然感到气紧,胸闷,心悸,头晕,出汗,认为生命垂危,被送来急诊。近2月来,这种情况发生过3次,每次持续约0.5~1小时,发病间隙期一切正常,发病与饮食无关。3.最适宜的急诊处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "输液补钾", "B": "吸入氧气", "C": "暗示治疗", "D": "安定注射"}, "answer": "安定注射", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "青春期开始的重要标志是(  )。", "options": {"A": "开始出现第二性征", "B": "出现体格发育第二高峰", "C": "第一次月经来潮", "D": "乳房发育"}, "answer": "第一次月经来潮", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "胚胎造血首先出现在(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸腺", "B": "卵黄囊", "C": "骨髓", "D": "淋巴结"}, "answer": "卵黄囊", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医务人员与患者沟通时,适宜的方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多用自我表露", "B": "加快语速", "C": "多用术语", "D": "注意倾听"}, "answer": "注意倾听", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "醛固酮的主要作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "保钾排钠", "B": "保钠排钾", "C": "保钠保钾", "D": "排氢排钾"}, "answer": "保钠排钾", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于风湿性心脏病患者,提示有风湿活动的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗“O”增高", "B": "白细胞增高", "C": "发生了心力衰竭找不到任何诱因", "D": "关节疼痛"}, "answer": "发生了心力衰竭找不到任何诱因", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "成人股骨头坏死最常见的病因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "长期大量使用或滥用肾上腺皮质激素", "B": "肿瘤放射治疗", "C": "股骨颈骨折", "D": "创伤性髋关节后脱位"}, "answer": "股骨颈骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "按数量计算胆固醇在体内代谢的主要去路是转变成(  )。", "options": {"A": "二氢胆固醇", "B": "胆汁酸", "C": "维生素D3", "D": "类固醇激素"}, "answer": "胆汁酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,30岁。5小时前发生十二指肠壶腹(球部)溃疡前壁穿孔,以下症状及体征中,不应出现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全腹压痛及肌紧张", "B": "肠鸣音亢进", "C": "肝浊音界消失", "D": "发热及白细胞计数上升"}, "answer": "肠鸣音亢进", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "近年来输血后肝炎主要由哪一种病毒引起?(  )", "options": {"A": "乙型肝炎病毒", "B": "甲型肝炎病毒", "C": "丙型肝炎病毒", "D": "戊型肝炎病毒"}, "answer": "丙型肝炎病毒", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某女青年因咳嗽、发热就诊。拍胸片发现右肺有片状阴影,结核菌素试验红肿直径大于2.0cm。表明该患者是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核病恢复期", "B": "机体对结核无免疫能力", "C": "结核病活动期", "D": "注射过卡介苗"}, "answer": "结核病活动期", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有一名30岁男性患者,病程4个月,头痛发作入院。入院前出现左侧肢体无力和呕吐。入院查体:意识清,眼底视乳头水肿,左上下肢肌力Ⅳ级,腱反射活跃,病理征(+)。1.诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑出血", "B": "蛛网膜下腔出血", "C": "脑水肿", "D": "颅内压增高"}, "answer": "颅内压增高", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,45岁,3小时前车祸头部受伤,伤后立即昏迷,做CT后入院,入院检查中度昏迷。右瞳散大,光反射消失,左上下肢肌张力增高,病理征(+),CT示右额颞部高密度新月影像。1.该病例诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右额颞脑挫伤,脑疝", "B": "右额颞急性硬膜下血肿,脑疝", "C": "右额颞急性硬膜外血肿,脑疝", "D": "右额颞脑内血肿,脑疝"}, "answer": "右额颞急性硬膜下血肿,脑疝", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "引起早产最常见的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫畸形", "B": "急性肾盂肾炎", "C": "胎盘早剥", "D": "下生殖器及泌尿道感染"}, "answer": "下生殖器及泌尿道感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,20岁,发热起病,体温38℃,3天后体温下降伴周身乏力,食欲不振,恶心呕吐。近2天发现尿色深如豆油样,胆红素定量80μmol/L,抗HBs(+),抗HAV IgM(+),巩膜及皮肤中等度黄疸,肝区轻度叩痛,肝肋下触及1.0cm,质软,脾侧卧位未及,胆囊区无压痛。2.从病原学诊断应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性乙型肝炎", "B": "急性甲型肝炎", "C": "急性戊型肝炎", "D": "急性甲、乙型肝炎"}, "answer": "急性甲型肝炎", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者女性,45岁,近1年来盗汗,心悸,易怒,食量增加。检查:突眼,心率110次/分,血压126/84mmHg,甲状腺弥漫性肿大Ⅲ°,心律齐、无杂音,举手颤动明显。查血T3、T4高于正常值。诊为原发性甲亢,经抗甲状腺药物治疗后复发,拟行甲状腺双侧次全切除术。1.若用丙基硫氧嘧啶+碘剂作术前准备,不能进行手术的表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心率在90~100次/分", "B": "血T3、T4值均正常", "C": "甲亢症状缓解", "D": "基础代谢率低于+20%"}, "answer": "心率在90~100次/分", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列关于脾破裂的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有慢性病理改变的脾更易破裂", "B": "通常采用脾切除术", "C": "85%有脾包膜及脾实质破裂", "D": "Ⅲ级及以下损伤可保留脾脏"}, "answer": "Ⅲ级及以下损伤可保留脾脏", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "口服药治疗甲亢的适应证是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病情轻,甲状腺较小者", "B": "结节性高功能腺瘤", "C": "胸骨后甲状腺肿", "D": "中、重度甲亢"}, "answer": "病情轻,甲状腺较小者", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,63岁。乏力、腹胀3个月,加重伴尿少1个月。慢性肝炎病史20余年。查体:巩膜轻度黄染,肝肋下4cm,质硬,脾肋下3cm,移动性浊音阳性,双下肢水肿。对诊断最有意义的实验室检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹水铁蛋白", "B": "血甲胎蛋白", "C": "血CA 125", "D": "腹水腺苷脱氨酶"}, "answer": "血甲胎蛋白", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "先天愚型染色体检查绝大部分核型为(  )。", "options": {"A": "47,XX(或XY),+21", "B": "46,XX(或XY),-21,+t21q", "C": "45,XX(或XY),-14,-21,+t(14q21q)", "D": "46,XX(或XY),-22,+t(21q22q)"}, "answer": "47,XX(或XY),+21", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.外伤性腹膜后巨大血肿易发生(  )。", "options": {"A": "机械性肠梗阻", "B": "麻痹性肠梗阻", "C": "痉挛性肠梗阻", "D": "绞窄性肠梗阻"}, "answer": "麻痹性肠梗阻", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,19岁,告诉医生“整个世界已经停滞不前,岁月不再流逝,时间过得很慢很慢,真正体会到度日如年的感觉”。此症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心因性幻觉", "B": "空间知觉障碍", "C": "时间知觉障碍", "D": "感觉障碍"}, "answer": "时间知觉障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,37岁。交通事故中右下肢受伤3小时。查体:右下肢缩短,右髋关节呈屈曲、内收、内旋畸形,右足背麻木,背屈无力。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "髋关节前脱位、坐骨神经损伤", "B": "髋关节前脱位、闭孔神经损伤", "C": "髋关节后脱位、股神经损伤", "D": "髋关节后脱位、坐骨神经损伤"}, "answer": "髋关节后脱位、坐骨神经损伤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,21岁,舞蹈演员。8个月前,因同事偶尔说了句“最近胖了”遂采取各种措施节食,家人劝阻时,以食欲不佳等理由拒绝进餐,体重由以往54kg降至32kg(身高1.65m),近3个月来出现闭经,体检见皮肤干燥、苍白,形体消瘦,严重营养不良。1.根据以上病史,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人格障碍", "B": "心因性反应", "C": "神经性厌食症", "D": "焦虑症"}, "answer": "神经性厌食症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是类毒素刺激机体后产生的特异性免疫应答物质?(  )", "options": {"A": "补体", "B": "抗毒素", "C": "干扰素", "D": "乙型溶素"}, "answer": "抗毒素", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "支气管扩张患者因感染反复加重多次住院,再次因感染加重行抗感染治疗时,应特别注意覆盖的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠杆菌", "B": "耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌", "C": "军团菌", "D": "铜绿假单胞菌"}, "answer": "铜绿假单胞菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "子宫内膜癌的治疗,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅰ期患者腹水中有癌细胞的手术加放疗", "B": "Ⅰ期患者深肌层浸润的手术加放疗", "C": "Ⅰ期有浅肌层浸润者,术后常规应辅助放疗", "D": "严重并发症不能耐受手术的放疗"}, "answer": "Ⅰ期有浅肌层浸润者,术后常规应辅助放疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "前置胎盘时的阴道流血特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阴道流血常有外伤史", "B": "无痛性阴道流血", "C": "有痛性阴道流血", "D": "阴道流血量与贫血严重程度不相符"}, "answer": "无痛性阴道流血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "血浆蛋白琼脂糖电泳图谱中脂蛋白迁移率从快到慢的顺序为(  )。", "options": {"A": "α、β、前β、CM", "B": "α、前β、β、CM", "C": "CM、α、前β、β", "D": "前β、β、α、CM"}, "answer": "α、前β、β、CM", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列血液学改变符合再障诊断的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "网织红细胞绝对数正常", "B": "中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶积分增加", "C": "凝血时间延长", "D": "骨髓涂片可见幼红细胞,有巨幼样变"}, "answer": "中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶积分增加", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,20岁,右颈前肿块2个月来诊。查体,甲状腺右叶上极扪及3cm×2cm肿块,表面光滑,颈部未触及肿大的淋巴结,该病人首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺B超", "B": "颈部CT", "C": "甲状腺核素扫描", "D": "肿块针吸细胞学检查"}, "answer": "肿块针吸细胞学检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "术前常规禁食的主要目的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "避免胃膨胀而妨碍手术", "B": "防止围手术期的呕吐及误吸", "C": "防止术后腹胀", "D": "防止术后肠麻痹"}, "answer": "防止围手术期的呕吐及误吸", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.人体实验的核心宗旨是(  )。", "options": {"A": "以病人作为受试对象的试验", "B": "以人作为受试对象的试验", "C": "人体实验时必须要做到真正的知情同意", "D": "保障受试者身心安全"}, "answer": "保障受试者身心安全", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,53岁。因上腹部隐痛1个月余就诊。查粪隐血(+),行纤维胃镜检查,见胃小弯2cm×2cm溃疡,中央凹陷有污秽苔,周围隆起且不规则,质硬易出血,蠕动少。3.本病最恰当的处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "按胃溃疡治疗1个月再胃镜复查", "B": "抗溃疡加抗真菌治疗", "C": "手术切除病变", "D": "手术切除病变加化学治疗"}, "answer": "手术切除病变", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "化脓性关节炎后期关节已有破坏与增生,强直已不可避免时,最恰当的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "加强活动", "B": "避免负重", "C": "行关节融合术", "D": "物理疗法"}, "answer": "行关节融合术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,45岁。上腹部疼痛9小时,向背部放射,伴恶心、呕吐。发病前大量饮酒。查体: T 38.3℃,P 100次/分,上腹部肌紧张,压痛、反跳痛阳性。2.为明确诊断,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清脂肪酶", "B": "血清淀粉酶", "C": "尿淀粉酶", "D": "肝功能"}, "answer": "血清淀粉酶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列作用不属于酚妥拉明的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "竞争性阻断α受体", "B": "扩张血管,降低血压", "C": "抑制心肌收缩力,心率减慢", "D": "具有拟胆碱作用"}, "answer": "抑制心肌收缩力,心率减慢", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.阿米巴痢疾(  )。", "options": {"A": "症状轻,非典型病例多", "B": "排病原体时间长,易转为慢性", "C": "果酱样大便", "D": "便秘与腹泻交替"}, "answer": "果酱样大便", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "中年男子,猛抬重物后腰剧痛并向右下肢放射,咳嗽时加重,其诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰椎滑脱", "B": "腰椎骨折", "C": "腰间盘突出症", "D": "腰扭伤"}, "answer": "腰间盘突出症", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.霍乱腓肠肌、腹直肌痛性痉挛的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量失水", "B": "低镁血症", "C": "低钾血症", "D": "大量盐类丧失"}, "answer": "大量盐类丧失", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,45岁,1个月前出现腹胀,无呕吐,伴发热,体温最高38℃,夜间盗汗,12小时前突发腹部绞痛,未排气排便,查体:T 37.7℃,P 88次/分,R 16次/分,BP 110/80mmHg,心肺查体未见异常,腹部呈揉面感,可见肠型及蠕动波,肠鸣音亢进。2.目前该患者首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结肠镜", "B": "立位腹部X线平片", "C": "腹部B超", "D": "腹部CT"}, "answer": "立位腹部X线平片", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某医院发生一起医疗事故,医患双方在卫生行政部门的支持下就赔偿事宜达成和解的协议称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "和解草案", "B": "解决方案", "C": "调解书", "D": "和解书"}, "answer": "调解书", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "恶性肿瘤的主要生长方式为(  )。", "options": {"A": "浸润性生长", "B": "内生性生长", "C": "内翻性生长", "D": "外生性生长"}, "answer": "浸润性生长", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "新生儿Apgar评分体征中,以下无关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤颜色", "B": "弹足底反应", "C": "肌肉张力", "D": "出生体重"}, "answer": "出生体重", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女婴,1岁,体重10kg,生后母乳喂养,8月始添加辅食,因不能站立而就诊。查体:精神好,面稍苍白,消瘦,腹部皮下脂肪厚度为0.3cm,肌肉松弛。可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅲ度营养不良", "B": "正常儿", "C": "Ⅱ度营养不良", "D": "Ⅰ度营养不良"}, "answer": "Ⅱ度营养不良", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,42岁,轻度肥胖,无明显口渴、多饮和多尿现象,空腹血糖6.8mmol/L。为确定是否有糖尿病,应检查以下哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "餐后2h血糖", "B": "24h尿糖定量", "C": "口服葡萄糖耐量试验", "D": "糖基化血红蛋白"}, "answer": "口服葡萄糖耐量试验", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "支气管肺炎与支气管炎的主要鉴别点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热的高低", "B": "咳嗽的轻重", "C": "食欲的好坏", "D": "肺部是否有固定的中小水泡音"}, "answer": "肺部是否有固定的中小水泡音", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于风湿性疾病的概念下述哪一种叙述是对的?(  )", "options": {"A": "风湿病就是结缔组织病", "B": "风湿病就是胶原性疾病", "C": "风湿病、结缔组织病、胶原病均是同范畴的疾病", "D": "结缔组织病、胶原病仅是风湿病的一部分,不能互相等同"}, "answer": "结缔组织病、胶原病仅是风湿病的一部分,不能互相等同", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在等容舒张期,心脏各瓣膜的功能状态是下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "房室瓣关闭,动脉瓣开放", "B": "房室瓣关闭,动脉瓣关闭", "C": "房室瓣开放,动脉瓣开放", "D": "二尖瓣关闭,三尖瓣开放"}, "answer": "房室瓣关闭,动脉瓣关闭", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是与思维破裂关系最密切的疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "精神发育迟滞", "B": "精神分裂症", "C": "躁狂症", "D": "偏执性精神病"}, "answer": "精神分裂症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "发现早期直肠癌最有意义的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结肠镜检查", "B": "钡剂灌肠", "C": "B超", "D": "CT"}, "answer": "结肠镜检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "糖尿病最常见的精神症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "焦虑症状", "B": "幻觉妄想", "C": "抑郁情绪", "D": "偏执状态"}, "answer": "抑郁情绪", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是可治疗伤寒的青霉素类药?(  )", "options": {"A": "苯唑西林", "B": "苄青霉素", "C": "羧苄西林", "D": "氨苄西林"}, "answer": "氨苄西林", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "真核生物中tRNA和5SrRNA的转录由下述哪种酶催化?(  )", "options": {"A": "RNA聚合酶I", "B": "RNA聚合酶", "C": "RNA聚合酶全酶", "D": "RNA聚合酶Ⅲ"}, "answer": "RNA聚合酶Ⅲ", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "胎头于临产后迟迟不入盆,骨盆测量径线最有价值的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "髂嵴间径", "B": "骶耻外径", "C": "坐骨棘间径", "D": "对角径"}, "answer": "骶耻外径", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于TD抗原,下列哪项是正确的(  )。", "options": {"A": "在胸腺中产生", "B": "只有在T细胞辅助下才能产生针对这种抗原的抗体", "C": "相应抗体在胸腺中产生", "D": "对此抗原不产生体液免疫"}, "answer": "只有在T细胞辅助下才能产生针对这种抗原的抗体", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.小儿麻疹最常见的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肺炎", "B": "急性脑炎", "C": "急性喉炎", "D": "急性肾炎"}, "answer": "急性肺炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,60岁,双手抖动3年。查体:面部表情少,双手震颤,步行运动迟缓,该患者的诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "帕金森病", "B": "帕金森综合征", "C": "小舞蹈病", "D": "肝豆状核变性"}, "answer": "帕金森病", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "细菌L型与支原体的共同特点不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "具有多态性", "B": "均能通过滤菌器", "C": "培养时均需10%~20%的动物血清", "D": "脱离诱导因素后均可恢复为原来的细菌型"}, "answer": "脱离诱导因素后均可恢复为原来的细菌型", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者女性,38岁,乘车时右腿放在左腿上,突然刹车时右膝受到撞击致右髋疼痛不能活动,4小时后来医院就诊,查体见患肢短缩,右髋屈曲、内收、内旋畸形。3.X线片未见明显的骨折征象,应选择哪种治疗方法?(  )", "options": {"A": "骨牵引后卧床4周", "B": "单纯手法复位", "C": "复位后卧床4周", "D": "手法复位后患肢皮牵引2~3周"}, "answer": "手法复位后患肢皮牵引2~3周", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,45岁。HBsAg(+)20年。超声检查:肝脏回声不均匀,脾大,门静脉增宽,中等量腹水。肝穿刺病理的特征性发现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝细胞变性坏死", "B": "肝细胞气球样变", "C": "毛细胆管胆汁淤积", "D": "假小叶形成"}, "answer": "假小叶形成", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.女性,突发膀胱刺激症状伴血尿,无发热及腰痛,应先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性膀胱炎", "B": "急性肾盂肾炎", "C": "膀胱结石", "D": "膀胱肿瘤"}, "answer": "急性膀胱炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,50岁,间歇性无痛性血尿2个月,有血块,B超见膀胱内有1.5cm×2.0cm×1.0cm新生物,有蒂。1.对诊断最重要的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿脱落细胞", "B": "膀胱镜+活检", "C": "IVP", "D": "CT"}, "answer": "膀胱镜+活检", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "病人的自主权在(  )有效。", "options": {"A": "患精神疾病时", "B": "与其他病人的利益冲突时", "C": "自杀时", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "以上都不是", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,64岁,患高血压、冠心病10年。今晨起说话欠清,但能理解别人讲话,右肢体活动不灵。体检:血压140/90mmHg,不全运动失语,有中枢性面瘫,右上、下肢不全瘫。1.如果上述症状持续2小时恢复正常,应考虑为下列哪种疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "蛛网膜下腔出血", "B": "脑动脉硬化", "C": "脑栓塞", "D": "短暂性脑缺血发作"}, "answer": "短暂性脑缺血发作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,22岁,近半年来因紧张复习准备考研究生,渐出现脑力迟钝,头痛,失眠,注意力不集中,心情紧张,常无故发脾气。近1个月上述症状加重,伴有疲乏无力,不想活动,对事情不感兴趣,对将来没有信心,准备放弃考试。还有明显早醒,醒后不能再次入睡,此时心情尤其烦躁不安,思想悲观。食欲下降,体重减轻。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "焦虑症", "B": "强迫症", "C": "抑郁症", "D": "精神分裂症"}, "answer": "抑郁症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,4岁,其母患浸润性肺结核,该患儿近半个月低热、咳嗽,疑为结核病。做OT试验1:2000,其硬结直径为21mm,结果为(  )。", "options": {"A": "“-”", "B": "“+”", "C": "“+++”", "D": "“++++”"}, "answer": "“+++”", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为良性肿瘤的主要生长方式?(  )", "options": {"A": "息肉状生长", "B": "结节状生长", "C": "膨胀性生长", "D": "隆起状生长"}, "answer": "膨胀性生长", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肾上腺皮质肿瘤引起的库欣综合征与库欣病鉴别,最有意义的试验检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血皮质醇昼夜节律", "B": "24h尿羟类固醇", "C": "小剂量地塞米松抑制试验", "D": "大剂量地塞米松抑制试验"}, "answer": "大剂量地塞米松抑制试验", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪一项不是吗啡镇痛药成瘾的精神症状?(  )", "options": {"A": "用成瘾药后情绪高涨、活跃", "B": "痴呆", "C": "记忆力下降", "D": "人格改变"}, "answer": "痴呆", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,70岁,排尿困难2年,腹部平片提示膀胱区有2.0cm椭圆形致密影,典型的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膀胱刺激征", "B": "血尿", "C": "腰痛、血尿、脓尿", "D": "尿流中断,改变体位后好转"}, "answer": "尿流中断,改变体位后好转", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "与DNA结合并阻止转录进行的蛋白质称(  )。", "options": {"A": "反式作用因子", "B": "诱导物", "C": "阻遏物", "D": "分解代谢基因活化蛋白"}, "answer": "阻遏物", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "位于糖酵解、糖异生、磷酸戊糖途径,糖原合成及分解各代谢途径交汇点上的化合物为下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "6-磷酸葡萄糖", "B": "6-磷酸果糖", "C": "1,6-二磷酸果糖", "D": "3.磷酸甘油醛"}, "answer": "6-磷酸葡萄糖", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.预防肾病综合征肾静脉血栓形成用(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡托普利", "B": "低分子肝素", "C": "甲泼尼龙", "D": "呋塞米"}, "answer": "低分子肝素", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "含有核黄素辅酶的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "FMN", "B": "NAD+", "C": "NADP+", "D": "辅酶Q"}, "answer": "FMN", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,45岁,近2年月经不规律,现停经6个月,阴道不规则流血10天,无腹痛。查体:中度贫血貌,子宫及双侧附件无明显异常,首选的辅助检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "分段刮宫", "B": "CT检查", "C": "阴道镜检查", "D": "尿hCG测定"}, "answer": "分段刮宫", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿5岁,阵发性头痛3个月,因突然剧烈头痛、反复呕吐半天急诊入院,检查:神志清醒,双瞳孔正常,颈项强直,半小时后突然呼吸停止,心跳存在,其诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性脑水肿", "B": "急性脑膜炎", "C": "枕骨大孔疝", "D": "小脑幕切迹疝"}, "answer": "枕骨大孔疝", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,20岁,农民,发热2周于7月20日入院。体温39.2℃,精神稍差,腹部5个小出血点,腹胀,脾侧位可及。血WBC 4.1×109/L,N 70%,M2%,L 2.18%。本病人最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤寒", "B": "斑疹伤寒", "C": "结核病", "D": "流行性出血热"}, "answer": "伤寒", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "诊断肾病综合征必须具备的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量蛋白尿与血尿", "B": "大量蛋白尿与低清蛋白血症", "C": "低清蛋白血症与高脂血症", "D": "水肿与低清蛋白血症"}, "answer": "大量蛋白尿与低清蛋白血症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医生甲在为一孕妇检查高血压原因时,怀疑胎儿可能有先天缺陷。患者的高血压缓解后再没有就诊。该患者后生育一畸形儿。医生在怀疑有先天缺陷时(  )。", "options": {"A": "患者有要求时给诊察", "B": "患者有要求时给产前诊断", "C": "应当进行产前诊断", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "应当进行产前诊断", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.UGC、UGU可编码半胱氨酸,是属于密码的(  )。", "options": {"A": "摆动性", "B": "通用性", "C": "简并性", "D": "特异性"}, "answer": "简并性", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是氯丙嗪治疗精神分裂症时最常见的不良反应?(  )", "options": {"A": "过敏反应", "B": "直立性低血压", "C": "内分泌障碍", "D": "锥体外系反应"}, "answer": "锥体外系反应", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "25岁男性,春季,主诉寒战、高热,剧烈头痛1天,呕吐3次,查体:神志清楚,体温39.8℃,颈强直(±),皮肤有瘀点,咽部略充血,心肺腹无异常,克氏征(-),血白细胞20×109/L,中性粒85%,腰穿:脑脊液米汤样,细胞数3000×106/L,中性80%,糖1.12mmol/L。2.可能出现的并发症有(  )。", "options": {"A": "化脓性关节炎", "B": "中耳炎", "C": "心内膜炎", "D": "以上均是"}, "answer": "以上均是", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "社区获得的细菌性肺炎,常见的病原菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎链球菌", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "C": "流感嗜血杆菌", "D": "结核菌"}, "answer": "肺炎链球菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.易发生齿龈肿胀(  )。", "options": {"A": "早幼粒细胞白血病", "B": "急性单核细胞白血病", "C": "急性淋巴细胞白血病", "D": "慢性粒细胞白血病"}, "answer": "急性单核细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "心尖区触及舒张期震颤提示存在(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动脉瓣狭窄", "B": "主动脉瓣关闭不全", "C": "二尖瓣狭窄", "D": "二尖瓣关闭不全"}, "answer": "二尖瓣狭窄", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于体液免疫,下列哪项是错误的(  )。", "options": {"A": "需要抗原刺激", "B": "不需APC参与", "C": "B细胞活化、增殖、分化为浆细胞", "D": "浆细胞合成并分泌Ig"}, "answer": "不需APC参与", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者经泼尼松治疗1年后,血小板20×109/L,但仍在维持服用泼尼松30mg/d。3.该疾病发病的最主要机理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血小板功能异常", "B": "自身免疫引起", "C": "脾增大致血小板破坏增加", "D": "造血功能低下"}, "answer": "自身免疫引起", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于血细胞数量的改变,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "真性红细胞增多症可有嗜酸粒细胞增多", "B": "分娩时可有一过性中性粒细胞增多", "C": "器官移植排斥反应时可有淋巴细胞增多", "D": "正常人外周血中偶尔可见到异形淋巴细胞,一般<10%"}, "answer": "正常人外周血中偶尔可见到异形淋巴细胞,一般<10%", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "典型流脑脑膜炎期,下列哪项为脑脊液改变的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "细胞数每毫升常达数千,分类中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞各半", "B": "蛋白质中度升高", "C": "糖正常或略低", "D": "脑脊液沉淀涂片检菌阳性率比培养高"}, "answer": "脑脊液沉淀涂片检菌阳性率比培养高", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在风湿性疾病中,肾脏受累较少见的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "干燥综合征", "B": "皮肌炎(DM)", "C": "结节性多动脉炎(PN)", "D": "血管炎"}, "answer": "皮肌炎(DM)", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "氮杂丝氨酸能干扰或阻断核苷酸合成的原因是其化学结构类似于(  )。", "options": {"A": "谷氨酸", "B": "天冬氨酸", "C": "谷氨酰胺", "D": "天冬酰胺"}, "answer": "谷氨酰胺", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肾综合征出血热休克期,下述哪一种药物不宜首先使用?(  )", "options": {"A": "血管活性药物", "B": "平衡盐", "C": "碳酸氨钠", "D": "高渗葡萄糖"}, "answer": "血管活性药物", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.核酸杂交指(  )。", "options": {"A": "不同的核酸链经变性处理,它们之间形成局部的双链", "B": "一小段核苷酸聚合体的单链,用放射性核素或生物素来标记其末端或全链", "C": "单链DNA恢复成双链DNA", "D": "50%双链DNA变性时的温度"}, "answer": "不同的核酸链经变性处理,它们之间形成局部的双链", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.由IgG或IgM参与,但必须依赖补体(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅰ型超敏反应", "B": "Ⅱ型超敏反应", "C": "Ⅲ型超敏反应", "D": "Ⅳ型超敏反应"}, "answer": "Ⅲ型超敏反应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.反射肝硬化肝功能减退的血清指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙氨酸氨基转移酶", "B": "碱性磷酸酶", "C": "清蛋白", "D": "甲胎蛋白"}, "answer": "清蛋白", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "内分泌功能减退性疾病目前较普遍使用的替代治疗方法是给予(  )。", "options": {"A": "生理剂量的靶腺激素", "B": "药理剂量的靶腺激素", "C": "药理剂量的垂体激素", "D": "调节神经递质或受体的药物"}, "answer": "生理剂量的靶腺激素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.男性,37岁。发热,全身衰竭,伴皮肤出血2周来门诊。体检:肝脾轻度肿大.牙龈肿胀,外周血浆血细胞减少,骨髓增生明显活跃,原始细胞72%,POX(+),非特异性酯酶(+),阳性反应可被NaF抑制。该病例临床诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性单核细胞白血病", "B": "急性红白血病", "C": "急性早幼粒性白血病", "D": "急性淋巴细胞性白血病"}, "answer": "急性单核细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.慢性疼痛(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动—被动型医患关系", "B": "稳定型医患关系", "C": "共同参与型医患关系", "D": "对立型医患关系"}, "answer": "共同参与型医患关系", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,40岁,诉头痛、头晕,颈侧弯后伸后头晕加重并出现猝倒。肱二头肌腱反射亢进,颈椎斜位片显示钩椎关节增生。最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "美尼尔(梅尼埃)征", "B": "脊髓肿瘤", "C": "椎动脉型颈椎病", "D": "粘连性蜘蛛膜炎"}, "answer": "椎动脉型颈椎病", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于佝偻病骨骼X线的改变,哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "长骨钙化带消失", "B": "骨骺软骨增宽", "C": "骨质疏松", "D": "骨皮质增厚"}, "answer": "骨皮质增厚", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "多名来自工地的男性患者,均有发热、腹痛、腹泻、里急后重、脓血便症状。细菌培养物生化反应试验结果:IMViC ++――,可发酵乳糖产酸产气,动力(+),可诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "志贺菌属引起的痢疾", "B": "埃希菌属引起的痢疾", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌引起的食物中毒", "D": "霍乱弧菌引起的霍乱"}, "answer": "埃希菌属引起的痢疾", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿3岁,因发热呕吐15天住院。查体,嗜睡状。营养差,颈抵抗(+),右侧鼻唇沟变浅,右眼闭合不全。心肺腹部未见异常。巴氏征(+)。脑脊液:蛋白800mg/L,糖2.24mmol/L,氯化物100mmol/L,白细胞160×106/L,多核45%,单核55%。1.诊断应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "化脓性脑膜炎", "B": "病毒性脑膜炎", "C": "结核性脑膜炎", "D": "隐球菌脑膜炎"}, "answer": "结核性脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "经产妇,足月活胎可经阴道娩出的胎位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "枕右后位", "B": "肩右后位", "C": "颏左后位", "D": "颏右后位"}, "answer": "枕右后位", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列何种情况不是胃消化性溃疡的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "与幽门螺杆菌感染有关", "B": "溃疡直径通常在2cm以下", "C": "常反复再发", "D": "不发生癌变"}, "answer": "不发生癌变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "紫外线具有杀菌作用的波长(  )。", "options": {"A": "100~140nm", "B": "150~190nm", "C": "200~300nm", "D": "400~490nm"}, "answer": "200~300nm", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "劳累时有心绞痛及晕厥发作的主动脉瓣狭窄患者首选治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉滴注硝酸甘油", "B": "利尿", "C": "主动脉瓣瓣膜置换术", "D": "主动脉瓣球囊成形术"}, "answer": "主动脉瓣瓣膜置换术", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "5.经皮半月神经节射频电凝疗法(  )。", "options": {"A": "头晕、口干、行走不稳", "B": "面部感觉异常、角膜炎、复视和带状疱疹", "C": "听力减退或丧失、面部感觉减退或丧失、其他脑神经麻痹", "D": "偶有一过性头晕、全身瘙痒和复视"}, "answer": "面部感觉异常、角膜炎、复视和带状疱疹", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一位病人打球时,球在他身边过去,他却觉得与他距离很远。这种症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "错觉", "B": "幻觉", "C": "非真实感", "D": "空间知觉障碍"}, "answer": "空间知觉障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "糖尿病最常见的神经病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "周围神经炎", "B": "坐骨神经痛", "C": "自主神经病变", "D": "腕管综合征"}, "answer": "周围神经炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.肺源性心脏病肺动脉高压形成的功能因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "缺氧性肺血管收缩", "B": "支气管肺感染和阻塞", "C": "血液黏稠度增加", "D": "气管炎症"}, "answer": "缺氧性肺血管收缩", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,7岁,3周前曾患上呼吸道感染,3日来眼睑浮肿,尿少,有肉眼血尿。查体:咽部不充血,眼睑浮肿,血压150/,110mmHg。尿蛋白(+++),有大量红细胞,抗“O”500U,CH50、补体C减少。诊断为急性肾炎,给予利尿、降压治疗,同时给予青霉素治疗。2.应用青霉素的目的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "控制肾脏炎症", "B": "治疗并发症", "C": "防止交叉感染", "D": "清除体内残存的链球菌"}, "answer": "清除体内残存的链球菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于小儿尿液的性质,以下正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "正常小儿尿pH为7.5~8.0", "B": "小儿尿渗透压1岁后接近成人水平", "C": "正常小儿尿蛋白定性试验弱阳性", "D": "寒冷季节小儿尿排出后变为白色浑浊为异常"}, "answer": "小儿尿渗透压1岁后接近成人水平", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有关脑动脉粥样硬化的描述哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "可有脑实质萎缩", "B": "脑回变窄,脑沟变深", "C": "脑回变宽,脑沟变浅", "D": "记忆力减退"}, "answer": "脑回变宽,脑沟变浅", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男婴,8个月,腹泻3天,大便10余次/日,蛋花汤样,伴少量黏液,呕吐4或5次/日。嗜睡,口干,尿量少。查体:精神委靡,皮肤干燥、弹性较差,眼窝及前囟明显凹陷,哭时泪少。血钠132mmol/L,血钾4mmol/L。1.该患儿诊断为婴儿腹泻合并(  )。", "options": {"A": "轻度等渗脱水", "B": "中度等渗脱水", "C": "重度等渗脱水", "D": "中度高渗脱水"}, "answer": "中度等渗脱水", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医患关系的实质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "具有契约性质的信托关系", "B": "具有法律性质的契约关系", "C": "具有市场性质的交换关系", "D": "具有宗教性质的文化关系"}, "answer": "具有契约性质的信托关系", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "可授予特殊使用级抗菌药物处方权的医务人员是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主治医师", "B": "住院医师", "C": "乡村医生", "D": "副主任医师"}, "answer": "副主任医师", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "严重心力衰竭时,治疗频发室性期前收缩首选的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胺碘酮", "B": "索他洛尔", "C": "多巴酚丁胺", "D": "普罗帕酮"}, "answer": "胺碘酮", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.莫氏立克次体通过鼠蚤传播引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "B": "地方性斑疹伤寒", "C": "登革出血热", "D": "森林脑炎"}, "answer": "地方性斑疹伤寒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医师使用的药品、消毒药剂和医疗器械应当是(  )。", "options": {"A": "所在医疗单位允许使用的", "B": "有经营权的单位销售的", "C": "经临床证明可以使用的", "D": "经国家有关部门批准使用"}, "answer": "经国家有关部门批准使用", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "检验科医生贾某为交流业务信息,在朋友圈上传了一名艾滋病患者的检验数据,并进行了解读,其中包括患者的工作单位,有人提醒他此行为侵犯了患者的法定权利。贾某侵犯的患者权利是(  )。", "options": {"A": "姓名权", "B": "身份权", "C": "知情权", "D": "隐私权"}, "answer": "隐私权", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述有关双链DNA中碱基含量关系哪项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "A+T=G+C", "B": "A+G=C+T", "C": "A=T", "D": "G=C"}, "answer": "A+T=G+C", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小肠作为吸收主要部位的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小肠含有丰厚的平滑肌", "B": "食物在小肠内停留的时间长", "C": "食物在小肠内已被分解为小分子物质", "D": "小肠黏膜表面积巨大"}, "answer": "小肠黏膜表面积巨大", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "结核菌素试验阴性,下列情况不属于假阴性反应的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "初次感染结核杆菌4~8周以内", "B": "使用免疫抑制剂后", "C": "患麻疹时", "D": "重度营养不良"}, "answer": "初次感染结核杆菌4~8周以内", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.属于医疗保健机构提供孕产妇保健服务的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "碘缺乏病等地方病的发病原因、治疗和预防方法提供医学意见", "B": "对产妇提供营养方面的咨询和指导", "C": "为新生儿护理提供医疗保健服务", "D": "为胎儿生长发育提供医学指导"}, "answer": "对产妇提供营养方面的咨询和指导", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,40岁,2个月来左颈部淋巴结进行性肿大、无痛,周期性发热,消瘦。近1周上胸部水肿,颈粗,淋巴结活检有里一斯细胞,胸片示纵隔有肿块。选择哪一种治疗显效最快(  )。", "options": {"A": "ABVD", "B": "放射治疗", "C": "肾上腺皮质激素+长春新碱", "D": "阿霉素(多柔比星)"}, "answer": "ABVD", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,67岁。头痛、呕吐3天,4个月前有头部摔伤史。头颅CT示右额颞顶新月形中等密度影。3.该患者治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "脱水利尿药降颅压", "B": "手术切除治疗", "C": "镇静止痛药治疗", "D": "钻孔引流术"}, "answer": "钻孔引流术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1岁6个月男孩,因间断咳嗽1周就诊,每日呕吐1~2次胃内容物。患儿是第一胎足月顺产儿,生后母乳喂养至今,未添加辅食。平时易患“肺炎、肠炎”。查体:精神萎靡,营养差,体重5.9kg,身长75cm,前囟已闭,心肺(-),皮肤弹性差,皮下脂肪消失,四肢肌张力低下,活动尚可,神志尚清。3.患儿下列起始治疗措施不妥当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "10%葡萄糖每日100ml/kg供给", "B": "开始供给热量每日167~250J/kg", "C": "口服各种维生素", "D": "用苯丙酸诺龙促进同化作用"}, "answer": "10%葡萄糖每日100ml/kg供给", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "生后第1年身高增长约(  )。", "options": {"A": "35cm", "B": "30cm", "C": "27cm", "D": "25cm"}, "answer": "25cm", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "与钩端螺旋体特征不符合的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "电镜观察其最外层由细胞壁构成", "B": "用Fontana镀银染色法染成棕褐色", "C": "制备疫苗时,可用无蛋白的培养基培养", "D": "抵抗力强,在湿土或水中可存活数月"}, "answer": "电镜观察其最外层由细胞壁构成", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于高血压病脑出血的描述,不确切的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内囊处豆纹动脉与大脑中动脉呈直角分支,受血压冲击易破裂", "B": "以基底节内囊部多见", "C": "小动脉痉挛,可引起漏出性出血", "D": "脑出血都是内囊区小动脉痉挛引起"}, "answer": "脑出血都是内囊区小动脉痉挛引起", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "生命道德在实践中体现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生命价值论", "B": "生命神圣论", "C": "生命数量论", "D": "生命神圣论和生命质量论的统一"}, "answer": "生命神圣论和生命质量论的统一", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于掌深部间隙感染的处理原则,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "切口常选在手背肿胀明显处", "B": "抬高患侧上肢", "C": "沿掌间隙纵轴切开引流", "D": "早期静脉滴注大剂量青霉素"}, "answer": "切口常选在手背肿胀明显处", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.属于脑血管性精神障碍是(  )。", "options": {"A": "童样痴呆", "B": "情感高涨", "C": "睡眠障碍", "D": "强制性哭笑"}, "answer": "强制性哭笑", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.直接刺激B细胞产生抗体(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗原决定簇", "B": "胸腺非依赖性抗原", "C": "完全抗原", "D": "共同抗原"}, "answer": "胸腺非依赖性抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "脊髓灰质炎病毒免疫特点(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠道局部SIgA不能阻止野毒株的入侵", "B": "SIgA不能由乳汁分泌", "C": "抗原性稳定,感染后机体免疫力牢固", "D": "血清IgG不能阻止病毒侵入中枢神经系统"}, "answer": "抗原性稳定,感染后机体免疫力牢固", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.乙胺丁醇(  )。", "options": {"A": "可引起外周神经炎", "B": "可引起视神经炎", "C": "可引起耳鸣、耳聋", "D": "可引起关节疼痛"}, "answer": "可引起视神经炎", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "敌百虫口服中毒时不能用下述哪种溶液洗胃?(  )", "options": {"A": "生理盐水", "B": "高锰酸钾溶液", "C": "饮用水", "D": "碳酸氢钠溶液"}, "answer": "碳酸氢钠溶液", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "法洛四联症患者的青紫程度主要取决于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺动脉狭窄的程度", "B": "室间隔缺损的大小", "C": "主动脉骑跨的程度", "D": "右心室肥厚的程度"}, "answer": "肺动脉狭窄的程度", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肺炎支原体可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性非典型性肺炎", "B": "大叶性肺炎", "C": "沙眼", "D": "Q热"}, "answer": "原发性非典型性肺炎", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "采集血样时,患者的哪些信息医护人员可以不用核对?(  )", "options": {"A": "姓名和年龄", "B": "性别和年龄", "C": "血型和诊断", "D": "住院时间"}, "answer": "住院时间", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不是病人义务的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "避免将疾病传播他人", "B": "如实提供病情和有关信息", "C": "不可以拒绝医学科研试验", "D": "在医师指导下对治疗做出负责的决定并与医师合作执行"}, "answer": "不可以拒绝医学科研试验", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "大面积烧伤24小时内的病人,首选的主要治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "处理创面", "B": "镇静止痛", "C": "液体复苏", "D": "控制感染"}, "answer": "液体复苏", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.接触麻疹的易感者需检疫观察的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "21天", "B": "7天", "C": "10天", "D": "14天"}, "answer": "21天", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.急性阑尾炎属(  )。", "options": {"A": "蜂窝织炎", "B": "脓肿", "C": "纤维索性炎", "D": "积脓"}, "answer": "蜂窝织炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.未成熟型畸胎瘤为(  )。", "options": {"A": "癌前病变", "B": "良性肿瘤", "C": "恶性肿瘤", "D": "交界性肿瘤"}, "answer": "恶性肿瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "维生素B12缺乏与叶酸缺乏所致的营养性巨幼红细胞贫血的区别点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "面色蜡黄,颜面水肿虚胖", "B": "精神神经症状", "C": "血象改变", "D": "骨髓象改变"}, "answer": "精神神经症状", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "注射青霉素40万U 2小时后,突发寒战、高热,头痛、身痛,低血压时,可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "败血症", "B": "猩红热", "C": "回归热", "D": "钩端螺旋体病"}, "answer": "钩端螺旋体病", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "骨盆骨折并腹膜后出血休克,经积极抢救未见好转时,应立即采取何种措施(  )。", "options": {"A": "结扎髂总动脉", "B": "结扎髂内动脉", "C": "结扎髂外动脉", "D": "结扎髂内髂外动脉和静脉"}, "answer": "结扎髂内动脉", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,30岁。肛门周围胀痛伴发热3天。排便时疼痛加重。查体:肛门周围皮肤发红、压痛明显。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直肠后间隙脓肿", "B": "肛管括约肌间隙脓肿", "C": "骨盆直肠间隙脓肿", "D": "肛周皮下脓肿"}, "answer": "肛周皮下脓肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "诊断成年女性贫血的标准为血红蛋白浓度低于(  )。", "options": {"A": "130g/L", "B": "120g/I", "C": "110g/I", "D": "100g/I"}, "answer": "110g/I", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,26岁,明显的“三多一少”,症状10年,经胰岛素治疗,症状时轻时重,有明显的低血糖症状,近2个月眼睑及下肢浮肿、乏力、腰痛,血压160/100mmHg,尿蛋白(++),颗粒管型少许,尿糖(++)。诊断应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖尿病肾病", "B": "肾盂肾炎", "C": "肾动脉硬化", "D": "胰岛素副作用"}, "answer": "糖尿病肾病", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.体现尊重原则的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "选择受益最大、损伤最小的治疗方案", "B": "患者及家属无法实行知情同意时,医生可以行使家长权", "C": "对病人一视同仁", "D": "合理筛选肾脏移植受术者"}, "answer": "患者及家属无法实行知情同意时,医生可以行使家长权", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "催化转录合成RNA的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "反转录酶", "B": "引物酶", "C": "DNA指导的RNA聚合酶", "D": "拓扑异构酶"}, "answer": "DNA指导的RNA聚合酶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.发生在输血后1~2h内的反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "非溶血性发热反应", "B": "循环超负荷", "C": "溶血反应", "D": "细菌污染反应"}, "answer": "非溶血性发热反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "电子传递中生成ATP的三个部位为(  )。", "options": {"A": "FMN→CoQ,cytb→cytc,cytaa.3→O2", "B": "FAD→CoQ,cytb→cytc,cytaa.3→O2", "C": "FMN→CoQ,CoQ→cytb,cytaa.3→O2", "D": "FAD→cytb,cyb→cytc,cytaa.3→O2"}, "answer": "FMN→CoQ,cytb→cytc,cytaa.3→O2", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "30岁患者,1年来反复发作瞪视不动,意识模糊,奔跑、游走等,持续约半小时逐渐清醒,事后对行为毫无记忆。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "Jackson癫痫", "C": "癔病", "D": "复杂部分性发作"}, "answer": "复杂部分性发作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列属于原核细胞的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人的红细胞", "B": "噬菌体", "C": "结核菌", "D": "SARS病原体"}, "answer": "结核菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,70岁。食管癌术后行放射治疗。血小板90×109/L,此时决定治疗是否停止的指标是白细胞计数低于(  )。", "options": {"A": "1×109/L", "B": "2×109/L", "C": "3×109/L", "D": "10×109/L"}, "answer": "3×109/L", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "形成脑疝的根本条件是(  )。", "options": {"A": "过量过快补液", "B": "频繁呕吐", "C": "高压灌肠", "D": "颅内各分腔压力不均衡"}, "answer": "颅内各分腔压力不均衡", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性足月新生儿,第1胎第1产,娩出经过顺利,无窒息,母乳喂养,生后18h出现黄疸并加重,胎粪已排空,生后第3天住院。体检:皮肤、巩膜中至重度黄染,心、肺听诊正常,肝肋下2.5cm,脾未及。血红蛋白12.5g/L,网织红细胞0.05,白细胞数11×1012/L,中性粒细胞0.7,血型A,血清总胆红素255μmol/L(15mg/dl),1分钟胆红素8μmol/L。3.治疗措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "输血", "B": "输注白蛋白", "C": "光照疗法", "D": "抗生素疗法"}, "answer": "光照疗法", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是对脑血管具有较强扩张作用的钙拮抗药?(  )", "options": {"A": "维拉帕米", "B": "硝苯地平", "C": "尼莫地平", "D": "地尔硫"}, "answer": "尼莫地平", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "既有局麻作用,又有抗心律失常作用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "普鲁卡因", "B": "利多卡因", "C": "丁卡因", "D": "罗哌卡因"}, "answer": "利多卡因", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,76岁。左下肢间歇性跛行3年,加重1个月,既往史:高血压病史8年,冠心病病史5年,曾行冠脉支架植入术。查体:BP 150/90mmHg,左足苍白,左足及左下肢皮温明显降低,左足背动脉、腘动脉搏动消失,左股动脉可触及搏动,最可能的诊断是左下肢(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性动脉栓塞", "B": "深静脉血栓形成", "C": "动脉硬化性闭塞症", "D": "血栓闭塞性脉管炎"}, "answer": "动脉硬化性闭塞症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于急性白血病骨髓移植治疗的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "自体骨髓移植应在第一次缓解期进行", "B": "异基因骨髓移植应在第二次缓解期进行", "C": "异基因骨髓移植患者的年龄应控制在40岁以内", "D": "从完全缓解到自体骨髓移植的时间间隔以6个月内为佳"}, "answer": "自体骨髓移植应在第一次缓解期进行", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,34岁。2个月来无痛性颈淋巴结肿大,间断发热3个月,体检:脾肋下4cm。3.临床分期为(  )。", "options": {"A": "ⅡA", "B": "ⅢA", "C": "ⅢB", "D": "ⅣB"}, "answer": "ⅢB", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,42岁。普查发现距肛门缘上8cm处直肠肿块,溃疡型,锁骨淋巴结末及,腹部平软,未及肿块。B超检查未见肝脏肿块。3.术后哪项检查对判肿瘤是否复发较有意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "AFP", "B": "淀粉酶", "C": "CEA", "D": "CA125"}, "answer": "CEA", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,65岁,近半年来反复出现头痛、头晕,今晨在突然转头时感眩晕、耳鸣,恶心、呕吐,摔倒在地,2分钟后缓解。既往曾类似发作2次。X线片示颈5~6椎体后缘骨质增生,椎间孔明显缩小。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经根型颈椎病", "B": "交感神经型颈椎病", "C": "椎动脉型颈椎病", "D": "癫痫发作"}, "answer": "椎动脉型颈椎病", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女婴,5个月。今晨突然面肌、口角及眼角抽动约半分钟,抽后精神好,不发热,不吐。冬季出生,混合喂养,未加辅食。查体:体重7kg,会笑,前囟平,有枕秃,双侧巴氏征阳性。最可能的诊断及进一步检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "败血症,做血培养", "B": "癫痫,做脑电图", "C": "中枢神经系统感染,做腰穿", "D": "维生素D缺乏性手足抽搐症,查血钙"}, "answer": "维生素D缺乏性手足抽搐症,查血钙", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在转移性骨肿瘤中,下列原发病灶最多见的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺癌", "B": "前腺癌", "C": "肾癌", "D": "甲状腺癌"}, "answer": "乳腺癌", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于外科感染,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大部分是由几种细菌引起的", "B": "常需手术治疗", "C": "多数局部症状明显", "D": "以上都正确"}, "answer": "以上都正确", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在医疗实践中加强医德修养指的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "在医疗实践中认识主观世界,改造客观世界;检验自己的言行,在自我修养上下功夫;不断提高医德修养", "B": "在医疗实践中认识医学事业的神圣性;适应周围环境,在搞好人际关系上下功夫;不断提高医德修养", "C": "在医疗实践中认识主观世界,改造客观世界;适应周围环境,在搞好人际关系上下功夫;不断提高服务质量", "D": "在医疗实践中认识自己的差距;适应周围环境,在搞好人际关系上下功夫;不断提高医德修养"}, "answer": "在医疗实践中认识主观世界,改造客观世界;检验自己的言行,在自我修养上下功夫;不断提高医德修养", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,18岁,学生,近1年来出现反复洗手,每次洗手时间可达30min,对做过的题目不放心,反复检查,以致耽搁考试时间,明知无需如此,却不能自控,为此苦恼不堪,当被阻止其洗手或检查时,即出现烦躁不安。3.该病人最佳治疗方案为(  )。", "options": {"A": "心理治疗+氯米帕明", "B": "生物反馈治疗", "C": "小剂量氯丙嗪", "D": "地西泮"}, "answer": "心理治疗+氯米帕明", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.百日咳疫苗(  )。", "options": {"A": "活疫苗", "B": "死疫苗", "C": "结合疫苗", "D": "基因工程疫苗"}, "answer": "死疫苗", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是使胰蛋白酶原活化的最主要物质?(  )", "options": {"A": "HCl", "B": "肠激酶", "C": "胰蛋白酶本身", "D": "羧基肽酶"}, "answer": "肠激酶", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "钩端螺旋体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "需氧菌", "B": "兼性需氧菌", "C": "微需氧菌", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "微需氧菌", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "铁剂治疗缺铁性贫血应服用至(  )。", "options": {"A": "网织红细胞计数达高峰即可", "B": "网织红细胞和Hb达正常水平", "C": "Hb达正常水平后2个月左右", "D": "总疗程达1个月时"}, "answer": "Hb达正常水平后2个月左右", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,3岁,眼睑及双下肢明显水肿,少尿1周,体检:精神状态良好,眼睑水肿,双下肢呈凹陷性水肿,血压90/60mmHg,心脏正常,尿常规:蛋白(+++),红细胞0~3个/HP,血浆总蛋白45g/L,白蛋白22g/L,抗“O”正常,C3补体正常,胆固醇11.2mmol/L。2.该患儿病理类型最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "微小病变型", "B": "系膜增生型", "C": "膜性肾病", "D": "膜增生性肾炎"}, "answer": "微小病变型", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "孕妇34岁,G3P0,妊娠33周。阴道少量出血3天,无腹痛,曾自然流产,过期流产各1次。入院检查:枕左前位,胎头浮,胎心好,耻骨联合上方可闻及胎盘杂音。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "先兆流产", "B": "前置胎盘", "C": "胎盘早剥", "D": "先兆子宫破裂"}, "answer": "前置胎盘", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肿瘤血道转移的确切依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "恶性肿瘤细胞侵入静脉", "B": "恶性肿瘤细胞侵入动脉", "C": "血液中查见肿瘤细胞", "D": "在远隔器官形成同一组织学类型的肿瘤"}, "answer": "在远隔器官形成同一组织学类型的肿瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于革兰阳性细菌败血症临床表现,下列各项中错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "寒战少见", "B": "热型呈稽留热或弛张热", "C": "休克发生早", "D": "少尿或无尿不明显"}, "answer": "休克发生早", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "上运动神经元瘫痪的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腱反射消失", "B": "浅反射活跃", "C": "肌肉萎缩明显", "D": "病理征阳性"}, "answer": "病理征阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于唾液分泌调节的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "完全是神经调节", "B": "完全是体液调节", "C": "完全是非条件反射", "D": "神经-体液调节"}, "answer": "完全是神经调节", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "细胞膜主动转运物质时,能量由哪里供给?(  )", "options": {"A": "细胞膜", "B": "细胞核", "C": "细胞浆", "D": "高尔基复合体"}, "answer": "细胞膜", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,60岁。右上腹剧烈疼痛2天,黄疸、发热1天。首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部B超", "B": "磁共振胰胆管成像", "C": "腹部CT", "D": "经内镜逆行胰胆管造影"}, "answer": "腹部B超", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "蛛网膜下腔出血后一侧上睑下垂,最先考虑以下哪个部位可能有动脉瘤?(  )", "options": {"A": "颈内动脉", "B": "大脑中动脉", "C": "前交通动脉", "D": "椎动脉"}, "answer": "颈内动脉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,25岁,发热、咳嗽两天后出现肉眼血尿,1天后肉眼血尿消失,但6周后尿沉渣镜检查RBC 20~30/高倍镜,以变形红细胞为主,尿蛋白阴性,查体未见异常,血压130/80mmHg,血肌酐正常,ANA、ANCA均阴性,C3正常,父母及哥哥体健。2.还应除外的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾基底膜肾病", "B": "狼疮肾炎", "C": "急性肾小球肾炎", "D": "小血管炎"}, "answer": "急性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是降低总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白最明显的药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "多烯脂肪酸", "B": "烟酸", "C": "洛伐他汀", "D": "非诺贝特"}, "answer": "洛伐他汀", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述除哪一项外能抑制铁的吸收?(  )", "options": {"A": "咖啡", "B": "茶", "C": "维生素C", "D": "菠菜"}, "answer": "维生素C", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于启动子的叙述下述哪项是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "开始转录生成mRNA的DNA序列", "B": "开始被翻译的DNA序列", "C": "开始结合RNA聚合酶的DNA序列", "D": "产生阻遏物的基因"}, "answer": "开始结合RNA聚合酶的DNA序列", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.胃大部切除术后低血糖综合征(  )。", "options": {"A": "呕吐物为食物,无胆汁", "B": "呕吐物为胆汁,无食物", "C": "呕吐物既有胆汁,又有食物", "D": "无呕吐"}, "answer": "无呕吐", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "根据《献血法》的规定,血站对献血者每次采集的血液量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "100毫升;150毫升", "B": "100毫升;200毫升", "C": "200毫升;300毫升", "D": "200毫升;400毫升"}, "answer": "200毫升;400毫升", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "川崎病的诊断标准不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "双眼球结膜充血、唇红干裂和杨梅舌", "B": "发热呈稽留热或弛张热", "C": "手足皮肤广泛硬性水肿,继之手掌、脚底有弥漫性红斑或膜样脱皮", "D": "关节疼痛、肿大"}, "answer": "关节疼痛、肿大", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.DIC消耗性低凝血期(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤维蛋白原降低", "B": "PT缩短", "C": "3P试验(+)", "D": "Hb降低"}, "answer": "纤维蛋白原降低", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男孩,3岁。发热伴咳嗽3天,加重伴呼吸困难1天,自服抗生素治疗。查体:T 39℃,嗜睡,精神反应差,躯干可见散在脓疱疹,呼吸急促,双肺可闻及散在中、小水泡音。实验室检查:血WBC 18×109/L,N 0.85,L 0.12。3.进一步有效的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "换用其他抗生素+肾上腺皮质激素", "B": "换用其他抗生素+胸腔闭式引流", "C": "换用其他抗生素+胸腔内注射抗生素", "D": "换用其他抗生素"}, "answer": "换用其他抗生素+胸腔闭式引流", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.与B细胞淋巴瘸和鼻咽癌的发生有关(  )。", "options": {"A": "EB病毒", "B": "人乳头瘤病毒", "C": "人嗜T淋巴细胞病毒(HTLV-1)", "D": "癌胚抗原"}, "answer": "EB病毒", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于戴铜V形宫内节育器的叙述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "戴器妊娠率低", "B": "其形状更接近宫腔形态", "C": "出血发生率低", "D": "是我国常用的宫内节育器之一"}, "answer": "出血发生率低", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于肺气肿的后果,下述哪项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺心病", "B": "呼吸衰竭", "C": "全心衰竭", "D": "肺萎缩"}, "answer": "全心衰竭", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "甲亢手术预防术后并发甲状腺危象的关键是(  )。", "options": {"A": "术中勿过多挤压甲状腺", "B": "手术切除腺体适当", "C": "术中止血彻底", "D": "基础代谢率降到正常范围再进行手术"}, "answer": "基础代谢率降到正常范围再进行手术", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有关维生素D的来源问题不对的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "母体-胎儿转运得到", "B": "食物中得到的维生素D", "C": "强化食品中得到的维生素D", "D": "蔬菜、水果中得到的"}, "answer": "蔬菜、水果中得到的", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,10个月。牛奶喂养,面色苍白2个月,烦躁,肝肋下2cm,脾肋下刚及。血象:血红蛋白80g/L,红细胞3.6×1012/L,网织红细胞0.01,外周血涂片红细胞大小不等,中心淡染,初步诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "地中海贫血", "B": "VitB6缺乏性贫血", "C": "再生障碍性贫血", "D": "营养性缺铁性贫血"}, "answer": "营养性缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "收缩压发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "等容收缩期末", "B": "等容舒张期末", "C": "快速射血期末", "D": "减慢射血期末"}, "answer": "快速射血期末", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "恶性葡萄胎与良性葡萄胎的主要区别是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可见水肿绒毛", "B": "绒毛消失", "C": "绒毛侵犯子宫壁深部肌层", "D": "绒毛间质血管消失"}, "answer": "绒毛侵犯子宫壁深部肌层", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,孕36周出生。出生体重2000g,生后1天,吸吮欠佳。睾丸未降,皮肤毳毛多。3.该患儿如出现黄疸,可持续多久消退(  )。", "options": {"A": "7~10天消退", "B": "1~2周消退", "C": "2~3周消退", "D": "3~4周消退"}, "answer": "3~4周消退", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,25岁。急性发生四肢对称性无力,无尿便障碍。检查发现四肢为弛缓性瘫痪,四肢远端可疑痛觉减退,神经传导速度测定明显减慢,初步考虑为急性炎症性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病,在病史询问中最重要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "长期饮酒史", "B": "有机磷农药中毒", "C": "病前1~4周有上呼吸道或消化道感染症状", "D": "长期吸烟"}, "answer": "病前1~4周有上呼吸道或消化道感染症状", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "腹部最易损伤的空腔脏器是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃", "B": "小肠", "C": "直肠", "D": "十二指肠"}, "answer": "小肠", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,18岁。左大腿肿胀,疼痛3周,呈持续性,逐渐加剧,夜间尤重。查体:左大腿局部压痛,皮温高,静脉怒张。X线片显示左股骨下端骨质破坏,可见Codman三角。应首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨肉瘤", "B": "转移性骨肿瘤", "C": "骨纤维发育不良", "D": "骨巨细胞瘤"}, "answer": "骨肉瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "8个月婴儿体重8kg,腹泻3天,水样便,10余次/日,伴呕吐4~5次/日,尿量明显减少,眼窝凹陷,皮肤弹性差。四肢尚暖,血清钠128mmo1/L。首先应用哪种液体静脉输液?(  )", "options": {"A": "2∶1等张含钠液160ml,30分钟内输入", "B": "2/3张含钠溶液550ml,8~12小时输入", "C": "1/3张含钠溶液550ml,8~12小时输入", "D": "1/5张含钠溶液550ml,8~12小时输入"}, "answer": "2/3张含钠溶液550ml,8~12小时输入", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "系统性红斑狼疮的抗核抗体谱检查中敏感性最高的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗核抗体", "B": "抗Sm抗体", "C": "抗Ro抗体", "D": "抗La抗体"}, "answer": "抗核抗体", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.强心苷治疗房颤的药理基础是(  )。", "options": {"A": "增加房室结的隐匿性传导", "B": "加强心肌收缩力", "C": "抑制窦房结", "D": "缩短心房的ERP"}, "answer": "增加房室结的隐匿性传导", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于贫血的临床表现,以下错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤、黏膜出血点或瘀斑", "B": "肝、脾和淋巴结肿大", "C": "食欲减退", "D": "精神不振,注意力不集中"}, "answer": "皮肤、黏膜出血点或瘀斑", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,57岁,心前区疼痛2年,多于安静状态发生,近日于睡眠中突发心前区疼痛。查心电图ST段抬高,冠脉造影见一过性狭窄。予硝苯地平治疗的主要药理学依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "选择性扩张外冠状动脉,增加心肌供血", "B": "显著减慢心率,降低心肌耗氧量", "C": "选择性增加心内膜膜下心肌供氧", "D": "显著抑制心肌收缩力,降低心肌耗氧量"}, "answer": "选择性扩张外冠状动脉,增加心肌供血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于IgA下列哪一项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "IgA主要存在于血清中", "B": "二聚体IgA结合Ag的亲和力高于单体IgA", "C": "IgA缺乏铰链区", "D": "sIgA是黏膜局部免疫的最重要因素"}, "answer": "IgA缺乏铰链区", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "获得执业医师资格或执业助理医师资格后,应在几年内注册?(  )", "options": {"A": "2年", "B": "半年", "C": "3年", "D": "5年"}, "answer": "2年", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有些基因的表达产物在生物体整个生命过程都是必不可少的,这类基因在几乎所有细胞中持续表达。这类基因被定义为(  )。", "options": {"A": "可阻遏基因", "B": "管家基因", "C": "原核基因", "D": "真核基因"}, "answer": "管家基因", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪个肿瘤不是恶性肿瘤?(  )", "options": {"A": "视网膜母细胞瘤", "B": "尤文瘤", "C": "畸胎瘤", "D": "霍奇金病"}, "answer": "畸胎瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.短效胰岛素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "普通胰岛素、锌结晶胰岛素", "B": "鱼精蛋白锌胰岛素、慢胰岛素锌悬液", "C": "中性鱼精蛋白锌胰岛素、慢胰岛素锌悬液", "D": "特慢胰岛素锌悬液、鱼精蛋白锌胰岛素"}, "answer": "普通胰岛素、锌结晶胰岛素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "胆汁可以促进脂肪的消化和吸收,主要是因为它含有(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆红素", "B": "胆绿素", "C": "胆盐", "D": "胆固醇"}, "answer": "胆盐", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,24岁。水肿、进行性少尿1周。查体:BP 165/100mmHg,双下肢水肿。尿RBC 20~40/HP,蛋白(++)。Scr 679μmol/L,抗GBM抗体阳性。肾活检病理示新月体性肾小球肾炎。其最重要的发病机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞免疫", "B": "原位免疫复合物形成引起的体液免疫反应", "C": "循环免疫复合物沉积引起的体液免疫反应", "D": "遗传因素"}, "answer": "原位免疫复合物形成引起的体液免疫反应", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.卡介苗(  )。", "options": {"A": "活疫苗", "B": "结合疫苗", "C": "亚单位疫苗", "D": "基因工程疫苗"}, "answer": "活疫苗", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "HLA-Ⅱ类分子的抗原结合槽位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "α1和β1结构域之间", "B": "β1和β2结构域之间", "C": "α1结构域和β2M之间", "D": "α2结构域和β2M之间"}, "answer": "α1和β1结构域之间", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性肾功能衰竭、高钾血症患者,心率40次/分,应首先采取的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉点滴5%碳酸氢钠", "B": "静脉点滴10%葡萄糖+胰岛素", "C": "口服降钾树酯", "D": "静脉注射10%葡萄糖酸钙"}, "answer": "静脉注射10%葡萄糖酸钙", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男孩,3岁,出生时正常,母乳喂养,5个月后智能渐落后,头发变黄,肤色变白,有时发生抽搐,肌张力较高。2.为协助诊断应选择的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血钙、磷测定", "B": "染色体核型分析", "C": "脑电图检查", "D": "尿三氯化铁试验"}, "answer": "尿三氯化铁试验", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "长期淤血导致肝硬化的基本病理变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝细胞坏死", "B": "大量肝细胞嗜酸性变性", "C": "大量肝细胞脂肪变性", "D": "大量肝小叶改建"}, "answer": "大量肝小叶改建", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "哪项是重症肌无力最常受累的肌肉?(  )", "options": {"A": "眼外肌", "B": "咽喉肌", "C": "咀嚼肌", "D": "四肢肌"}, "answer": "眼外肌", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,26岁,突然大喊大叫:“不得了啦,我爸爸被刺得稀烂,这儿净是戴铜帽子的人,你们看,他们正在刺我爸爸。”患者异常恐惧。此症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "幻听", "B": "思维障碍", "C": "假性幻视", "D": "真性幻视"}, "answer": "真性幻视", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,30岁,持续发热10天,体温呈稽留热。体检:精神委靡,反应淡漠,体温39.5℃,心率76次/分,肝肋下1.5cm,脾肋下2cm,WBC1.4×109/L,N0.40,L0.60,肥达反应01为80(+)、H1为160(+),ALTl80U/L,总胆红素22.2mol/L,HBsAg阴性。1.该病例最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "钩端螺旋体病", "B": "伤寒合并中毒性肝炎", "C": "急性血吸虫病", "D": "病毒性肝炎合并胆道感染"}, "answer": "伤寒合并中毒性肝炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是放线菌引起化脓性感染的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "脓汁稀薄,呈暗黑色", "B": "脓汁稀薄,呈血水样", "C": "脓汁稀薄,呈亮绿色", "D": "脓汁中可查到硫磺样颗粒"}, "answer": "脓汁中可查到硫磺样颗粒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医生行使干涉权不是针对(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人自主要求易诊时", "B": "精神病患者、自杀未遂者拒绝治疗", "C": "需要进行隔离的传染病患者", "D": "危重病人要求了解自己的疾病实情,但了解后不利于诊治,医生隐瞒真相"}, "answer": "病人自主要求易诊时", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "原位溶血时红细胞破坏的部位最主要是在(  )。", "options": {"A": "脾脏", "B": "肝脏", "C": "骨髓", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "骨髓", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性溶血的开始症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰背及四肢酸痛、头痛、呕吐、寒战、高热等", "B": "昏迷", "C": "血红蛋白尿", "D": "肾功能衰竭"}, "answer": "腰背及四肢酸痛、头痛、呕吐、寒战、高热等", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,35岁,黄疸、贫血伴关节酸痛3个月,体检检查巩膜黄染,脾肋下2cm,血红蛋白58g/L,白细胞5×109/L,网织红细胞计数25%,外周血涂片成熟红细胞形态正常,尿隐血试验阴性。2.明确诊断应作哪项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "肝功能", "B": "Coombs试验", "C": "免疫球蛋白", "D": "骨髓检查"}, "answer": "Coombs试验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "6岁幼儿,摔倒后肩部疼痛,检查患肩下沉,健手托患侧肘部,患肢活动障碍,头向患侧偏斜,杜加(Dugas)征阴性,最可能的诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "肩关节脱位", "B": "锁骨骨折", "C": "肱骨外科颈骨折", "D": "桡骨头半脱位"}, "answer": "锁骨骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "甲状腺大部切除术,最危急的并发症为(  )。", "options": {"A": "术后呼吸困难和窒息", "B": "喉上神经损伤", "C": "喉返神经损伤", "D": "甲状腺危象"}, "answer": "术后呼吸困难和窒息", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.与宫颈癌有密切关系的病毒是(  )。", "options": {"A": "狂犬病病毒", "B": "人乳头瘤病毒", "C": "人类免疫缺陷病毒", "D": "疱疹病毒"}, "answer": "人乳头瘤病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,65岁。间断上腹痛10余年,3个月来加重伴饱胀,体重下降6kg,Hb 90g/L。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性胆囊炎", "B": "慢性肝炎", "C": "胃癌", "D": "胰腺癌"}, "answer": "胃癌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "原发性肝癌转移最主要的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺", "B": "肝内", "C": "腹腔内种植", "D": "左锁骨上淋巴结"}, "answer": "肝内", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "属于《疫苗流通和预防接种管理条例》规定的预防接种异常反应情形的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心理因素发生的群体心因性反应", "B": "实施规范接种后造成受种者的损害", "C": "疫苗质量不合格给受种者造成的损害", "D": "接种医生违反接种程序造成的损害"}, "answer": "实施规范接种后造成受种者的损害", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "可用于治疗尿崩症的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氢氯噻嗪", "B": "呋噻米", "C": "布美他尼", "D": "螺内酯"}, "answer": "氢氯噻嗪", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,43岁,临床表现为肾病综合征,肾穿刺活检见。肾小球基底膜明显增厚,其电镜检查最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "基底膜与脏层上皮细胞问的沉积物内见基底膜的钉状突起", "B": "毛细血管基底膜不规则增厚", "C": "内皮细胞与基底膜间致密沉积物", "D": "脏层上皮与基底膜间致密沉积物"}, "answer": "基底膜与脏层上皮细胞问的沉积物内见基底膜的钉状突起", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "30岁男性,劳动中突感剧烈头痛、呕吐,一度意识不清,醒后颈枕部痛,右侧眼睑下垂,右瞳孔大、颈强,克氏征阳性。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性脑膜炎", "B": "小脑出血", "C": "脑干出血", "D": "蛛网膜下腔出血"}, "answer": "蛛网膜下腔出血", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.病变区与正常皮肤界限清楚(  )。", "options": {"A": "疖", "B": "痈", "C": "丹毒", "D": "急性蜂窝组织炎"}, "answer": "丹毒", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.能引起骨髓抑制的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯霉素", "B": "多西环素", "C": "土霉素", "D": "米诺霉素"}, "answer": "氯霉素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性阑尾炎行急诊手术时,有关术前准备,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "必须灌肠", "B": "禁食水", "C": "会阴备皮", "D": "必要时胃肠减压"}, "answer": "必须灌肠", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,72岁,因持续胸痛6小时入院。查体:双肺底有少量湿啰音。诊断为急性心肌梗死。该患者心功能分级为(  )。", "options": {"A": "NYHA分级Ⅰ级", "B": "NYHA分级Ⅱ级", "C": "Killip分级为Ⅱ级", "D": "Killip分级为Ⅲ级"}, "answer": "Killip分级为Ⅱ级", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "降压反射生理意义是(  )。", "options": {"A": "升高动脉血压", "B": "降低动脉血压", "C": "加强心血管活动", "D": "维持动脉血压相对恒定"}, "answer": "维持动脉血压相对恒定", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男孩,7岁。水肿4天,伴血尿、尿少2天。查体:P 112次/分,R 33次/分,BP 120/85mmHg,颜面、双下肢明显水肿,烦躁不安、气促,双肺底可闻及湿啰音,肝肋下1.5cm。尿常规:蛋白(+)。尿沉渣镜检:RBC 25/HP。目前应首选的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛花苷丙", "B": "硝普钠", "C": "呋塞米", "D": "地西泮"}, "answer": "呋塞米", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,45岁。不明原因发热半个月。查体:T 38℃,两侧颈部、腋窝和腹股沟区均可触及淋巴结肿大,最大者3cm×2cm,均质韧。活动,无压痛,肝肋下2cm,脾肋下4cm。颈部淋巴结活检诊断为非霍奇金淋巴瘤。要确定该患者的临床分期,所需的辅助检查不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部B超", "B": "骨髓细胞学检查", "C": "浅表淋巴结B超", "D": "胸部CT"}, "answer": "浅表淋巴结B超", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医学技术鉴定组织负责对下述问题有异议的医学技术鉴定(  )。", "options": {"A": "婚前医学检查、遗传病诊断和产前诊断结果", "B": "婚前医学检查、精神病诊断和产前诊断结果", "C": "婚前卫生指导、遗传病诊断和产前诊断结果", "D": "婚前医学检查、遗传病诊断和产前检查结果"}, "answer": "婚前医学检查、遗传病诊断和产前诊断结果", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,26岁,停经10周,出现阴道出血,阵发性疼痛明显加重。妇科检查:子宫如孕8周,宫口通过1指,宫口处见有胚胎组织堵塞。2.本例此时最有效的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌注立止", "B": "纱布条塞阴道压迫止血", "C": "尽早行刮宫术", "D": "肌注维生素K1"}, "answer": "尽早行刮宫术", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.抑制剂占据酶活性中心阻止底物与酶结合(  )。", "options": {"A": "竞争性抑制作用", "B": "非竞争性抑制作用", "C": "反竞争性抑制作用", "D": "特异性不可逆抑制作用"}, "answer": "竞争性抑制作用", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,18岁。反复左侧腰部胀痛3年余。B超见左肾重度积水,左输尿管显示不清。总肾功能正常。尿常规:RBC(-),WBC 5~10/HP。IVU检查示左肾显影不清晰,右肾正常。2.有效的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾盂输尿管成形术", "B": "继续观察", "C": "放置输尿管支架引流", "D": "左肾造瘘"}, "answer": "肾盂输尿管成形术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "胎儿成熟障碍常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "双胎妊娠", "B": "妊娠期糖尿病", "C": "过期妊娠", "D": "慢性羊水过多"}, "answer": "过期妊娠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "动脉导管未闭有显著肺动脉高压时可出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "头面部青紫", "B": "上半身青紫", "C": "全身青紫", "D": "下半身青紫"}, "answer": "下半身青紫", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "氨茶碱平喘作用的主要机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "促进内源性儿茶酚胺类物质释放", "B": "抑制磷酸二酯酶活性", "C": "激活磷酸二酯酶活性", "D": "激活腺苷酸环化酶活性"}, "answer": "促进内源性儿茶酚胺类物质释放", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.正强化(  )。", "options": {"A": "行为出现的频率增加,给予正性强化物", "B": "行为出现的频率增加,给予负性强化物", "C": "行为出现的频率增加,撤销负性强化物", "D": "行为出现的频率减少,给予负性强化物"}, "answer": "行为出现的频率增加,给予正性强化物", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,24岁。停经45天,诊断为早期妊娠。在行负压吸宫术时,突然出现面色苍白、出汗、头晕、胸闷,体检血压80∕50mmHg,心率40次/分。2.恰当的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "超声监护下继续人工流产操作", "B": "静脉注射阿托品0.5mg", "C": "改行钳刮术", "D": "立即行剖腹探查"}, "answer": "静脉注射阿托品0.5mg", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列与类风湿关节炎活动无关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "关节畸形", "B": "类风湿结节", "C": "血沉增快", "D": "C反应蛋白增高"}, "answer": "关节畸形", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.肠结核的好发部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结肠脾曲", "B": "结肠肝曲", "C": "回盲部", "D": "全结肠"}, "answer": "回盲部", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,55岁。大面积烧伤5天,突发寒战、高热伴意识不清1天,查体:T 35.6℃,P 120次/分,BP 90/55mmHg,血WBC 2.7×109/L,该患者最可能感染的致病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "革兰阴性杆菌", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "C": "肠球菌", "D": "白色念珠菌"}, "answer": "革兰阴性杆菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肾小管上皮细胞变性中,哪一种损害最轻?(  )", "options": {"A": "水变性", "B": "混浊肿胀", "C": "玻璃样小滴变性", "D": "脂肪变性"}, "answer": "玻璃样小滴变性", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,6岁,身高85cm,智能落后,只能数1~10。体检:皮肤粗糙,眼睑水肿,眼距宽,鼻梁扁平,牙列不齐,常舌伸口外,流涎,毛发黄,发际低,骨龄摄片示腕部骨化中心4个。3.患儿确诊后给予治疗,下列措施不恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "服用甲状腺素片", "B": "从小剂量开始,逐渐增加量", "C": "治疗期定期复查T4、TSH", "D": "临床症状消失后停药"}, "answer": "临床症状消失后停药", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于肝性脑病的治疗下述哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "躁动不安时禁用吗啡类药物", "B": "口服甲硝唑", "C": "肥皂水灌肠", "D": "给予支链氨基酸"}, "answer": "肥皂水灌肠", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肝素体内抗凝最常用的给药途径为(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服", "B": "皮下注射", "C": "静脉注射", "D": "舌下含服"}, "answer": "静脉注射", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,28岁。已婚,无子女。葡萄胎清宫术8周后,HCG持续阳性,拟诊断为侵蚀性葡萄胎。正确的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "清宫术", "B": "化疗", "C": "子宫切除术", "D": "放疗+子宫切除术"}, "answer": "化疗", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不符合小儿先天性肥厚型幽门狭窄临床特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呕吐物常含胆汁", "B": "多于生后2~4周发病", "C": "右季肋区下可触及橄榄样肿块", "D": "少数病人有黄疸"}, "answer": "呕吐物常含胆汁", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者男性,60岁,发热4天,体温37.5℃左右,伴左拇趾痛。检查:血压114/70mmHg,左拇趾甲沟部红肿。血白细胞10×109/L,中性粒细胞为82%。1.初步诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左拇趾甲沟炎", "B": "右拇趾坏疽", "C": "左侧小腿丹毒", "D": "左小腿蜂窝织炎"}, "answer": "左拇趾甲沟炎", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "使用明尼苏达多项人格调查表(MMPI)对某人的人格特征测量、分析和评价,属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "观察法", "B": "调查法", "C": "作品分析法", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "以上都不是", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肾结石行体外冲击波碎石的主要禁忌证是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖尿病", "B": "前列腺增生", "C": "结石急性发作", "D": "输尿管狭窄"}, "answer": "输尿管狭窄", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.流行性脑脊髓膜炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "流感病毒感染", "B": "脑膜炎双球菌感染", "C": "乙型脑炎病毒感染", "D": "EB病毒感染"}, "answer": "脑膜炎双球菌感染", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不符合乙状结肠扭转临床特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呕吐早且频繁", "B": "可见不对称腹胀或肠型", "C": "腹部压痛及肌紧张不明显", "D": "腹部X线可见马蹄状充气肠袢"}, "answer": "呕吐早且频繁", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "足月新生儿,因胎心率>160次/min而以产钳助产,第二产程延长,Apgar评分3分。1.首先应采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人工呼吸,心脏按压", "B": "清除呼吸道分泌物", "C": "纠正酸中毒", "D": "肌注山梗菜碱"}, "answer": "清除呼吸道分泌物", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.使相应细菌裂解的噬菌体称(  )。", "options": {"A": "温和噬菌体", "B": "毒性噬菌体", "C": "前噬菌体", "D": "溶原性细菌"}, "answer": "毒性噬菌体", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "青春期的特点中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生长发育加快,体重身高增长迅速", "B": "生殖器官迅速发育,趋向成熟", "C": "神经内分泌调节趋于稳定", "D": "可出现心理、行为、精神方面的变化"}, "answer": "神经内分泌调节趋于稳定", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.蛋白酶水解时(  )。", "options": {"A": "一级结构破坏", "B": "二级结构破坏", "C": "三级结构破坏", "D": "四级结构破坏"}, "answer": "一级结构破坏", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医生问:“你哪里不舒服?”病人回答:“我姓王,下雨了,做牛做马,心里好苦,要帮助好人做事……”,此属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "思维贫乏", "B": "思维破裂", "C": "思维奔逸", "D": "病理性赘述"}, "answer": "思维破裂", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪项不是导致小儿腹泻的内在因素?(  )", "options": {"A": "消化系统发育不成熟", "B": "消化道负担过重", "C": "肠道内感染", "D": "血中免疫球蛋白及胃肠道SIgA低"}, "answer": "肠道内感染", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.属于癌基因激活的方式的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生长因子", "B": "调节基因", "C": "噬菌体", "D": "基因易位"}, "answer": "基因易位", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一婴儿突发惊厥,无热,反复发作3次,惊厥后意志清,活泼如常,患儿为人工喂养,极少户外活动,未服鱼肝油。查体:出牙延迟,哈氏沟明显,方颅。血钙为1.0mmol/L。最确切的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "佝偻病的活动期", "B": "佝偻病早期", "C": "维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症", "D": "低血糖症"}, "answer": "维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,78岁,反复咳嗽、咳痰50年,心悸、气促10年,再发10天。吸烟40年,30支/日。查体:T 36.0℃,P 120次/分,R 32次/分,BP 135/80mmHg,SpO2 87%。桶状胸,肋间隙增宽,两侧呼吸运动对称,触觉语颤减低,胸部叩诊呈过清音,双肺呼吸音减弱,双肺可闻及细湿啰音和少量哮鸣音。动脉血气分析示pH 7.398,PaO2 50.4mmHg,PaCO2 56.8mmHg,肺功能检查:FEV1占预计值27%,FEVl/FVC 34%,该患者不宜吸入高浓度氧的原因是高浓度氧可解除(  )。", "options": {"A": "低氧对呼吸中枢的直接兴奋作用", "B": "中枢化学感受器对低氧存在的适应现象", "C": "低氧对外周化学感受器的兴奋作用", "D": "低氧对中枢化学感受器的兴奋作用"}, "answer": "低氧对外周化学感受器的兴奋作用", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "引起疱疹性咽峡炎的病毒为(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺病毒", "B": "合胞病毒", "C": "柯萨奇病毒A组", "D": "流感病毒"}, "answer": "柯萨奇病毒A组", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "用于治疗人破伤风的抗毒素血清对人是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗原", "B": "半抗原", "C": "抗体", "D": "不完全抗体"}, "answer": "抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项可减弱香豆素类药物抗凝血作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "甲苯磺丁脲", "B": "奎尼丁", "C": "阿司匹林", "D": "口服避孕药"}, "answer": "口服避孕药", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,60岁,吸烟史30年,慢性咳嗽、咳痰12年,气急3年,呈逐渐加重。胸片示肋间隙增宽、双肺透亮度增加,两下肺纹理乱。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺脓肿", "B": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病", "C": "肺炎", "D": "支气管哮喘"}, "answer": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,63岁。夜尿增多伴血压升高2年,乏力、纳差1个月,既往间断服用“龙胆泻肝丸”多年。查体:BP 150/95mmHg,双下肢无水肿。实验室检查:Hb 82g/L,Scr 238μmol/L,GIu 5.4mmol/L。尿常规:RBC(-),蛋白(+),糖(+),放射性核素肾动态显像示左肾GFR 10.2ml/min,右肾GFR 11.5ml/min。2.患者肾功能减退最可能的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖尿病肾病", "B": "高血压性良性小动脉性肾硬化", "C": "慢性肾小球肾炎", "D": "慢性肾盂肾炎"}, "answer": "慢性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1997年冬,某县卫生防疫站于某被派下乡了解疾病发生情况。调查中得知某乡有一病人患流行性出血热去外地住院,但于某既未向防疫站反映,也未采取任何措施,却在乡干部家玩了3天。此时,该村已有9人患该病住院。依据传染病防治法,于某可能承担的法律责任是(  )。", "options": {"A": "行政处分", "B": "民事赔偿", "C": "行政赔偿", "D": "批评教育"}, "answer": "行政处分", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性心肌梗死最晚恢复正常的心肌坏死标志物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳酸脱氢酶", "B": "肌酸激酶同工酶(MB)", "C": "肌红蛋白", "D": "肌钙蛋白"}, "answer": "肌钙蛋白", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性肺水肿抢救时不宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "依那普利", "B": "吗啡", "C": "呋塞米", "D": "氨茶碱"}, "answer": "吗啡", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "可迟缓发酵乳糖的志贺菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宋内志贺菌", "B": "鲍氏志贺菌", "C": "痢疾志贺菌", "D": "B群志贺菌Y变种"}, "answer": "宋内志贺菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "细菌性阴道病诊断标准不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "均质稀薄白带", "B": "氨臭味试验阳性", "C": "线索细胞阳性", "D": "挖空细胞阳性"}, "answer": "挖空细胞阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,26岁,明显的“三多一少”,症状10年,经胰岛素治疗,症状时轻时重,有明显的低血糖症状,近2个月眼睑及下肢浮肿、乏力、腰痛,血压160/100mmHg,尿蛋白(++),颗粒管型少许,尿糖(++)。应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖尿病肾病", "B": "肾炎", "C": "肾盂肾炎", "D": "胰岛素副作用"}, "answer": "糖尿病肾病", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "正常人血浆pH值的主要缓冲对是(  )。", "options": {"A": "KHCO3/H2CO3", "B": "NaHCO3/H2CO3", "C": "Na2HPO4/NaH2PO4", "D": "蛋白质-Na/蛋白质"}, "answer": "NaHCO3/H2CO3", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "8月小儿,单纯母乳喂养,未添加辅食,近两个月腹泻,面色逐渐蜡黄,对周围反应差,少哭不笑,并出现头和舌的颤抖,红细胞数2.1×1012/L,血红蛋白85g/L。2.骨髓检查最显著的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓增生明显活跃", "B": "以红系统增生明显", "C": "细胞浆成熟程度落后于细胞核", "D": "细胞核成熟程度落后于细胞浆"}, "answer": "细胞核成熟程度落后于细胞浆", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "足月新生儿生后2天,因黄疸1天而入院,皮肤重度黄染,心肺腹脐无异常,母血型为O型。子为A型,血红蛋白130g/L,网织红细胞8%。该病机理可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "同族免疫性溶血", "B": "红细胞膜缺陷", "C": "红细胞酶的缺陷", "D": "异常血红蛋白"}, "answer": "同族免疫性溶血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,48岁,糖尿病12年,每日皮下注射预混胰岛素治疗,早餐前30单位,晚餐前24单位,每日进餐规律,主食350g。近来查空腹血糖13.6~14.8mmol/L。餐后2小时血糖7.6~8.8mmol/L,关于空腹高血糖。2.最可能的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Somogyi或黎明现象", "B": "未加口服降糖药物", "C": "餐后血糖控制不佳", "D": "存在胰岛素抵抗"}, "answer": "Somogyi或黎明现象", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,28岁。药物流产后5天,高热伴右下腹疼痛1天。妇科检查:脓性白带,宫颈举痛,宫体如妊娠6周大小,右附件区有明显压痛。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性盆腔炎", "B": "肠梗阻", "C": "宫外孕", "D": "卵巢巧克力囊肿破裂"}, "answer": "急性盆腔炎", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,男,1岁6个月。其基础代谢所需热量占总热量的比例为(  )。", "options": {"A": "30%以下", "B": "50%~60%", "C": "70%~80%", "D": "80%以上"}, "answer": "50%~60%", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.骨囊肿可见到(  )。", "options": {"A": "局部肿块,无触痛,多偶然发现", "B": "多发生于扁平骨及不规则骨", "C": "发病后迅速出现瘫痪", "D": "病理性骨折后可自愈"}, "answer": "病理性骨折后可自愈", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,35岁,因多食、肥胖、闭经、血糖高1年就诊。查体:身高160cm,体重75kg,腹部、臀部脂肪堆积,紫纹(+),血压170/100mmHg。血糖10.mmol/L。初步诊断为皮质醇增多症。4.病人于手术后1年随诊,下列哪一种情况不支持治疗有效?(  )", "options": {"A": "月经恢复", "B": "空腹血糖6.8mml/L", "C": "血压,150/90mmHg", "D": "血皮质醇早8点510mmol/L(正常l65~44lmmol/L),下午4点480mmol/L"}, "answer": "血皮质醇早8点510mmol/L(正常l65~44lmmol/L),下午4点480mmol/L", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,47岁。交通事故导致右肘关节上方被车轮压伤2小时,剧痛,出血较多。查体:P 96次/分,BP 88/60mmHg,神志清楚。右肘窝伤口已加压包扎,敷料鲜血渗透,桡动脉搏动消失。2.止血带压迫止血的时间至多是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1.5小时", "B": "2.5小时", "C": "2小时", "D": "1小时"}, "answer": "1小时", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "初产妇枕先露时,开始保护会阴的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎头可见到时", "B": "胎头着冠时", "C": "胎头复位时", "D": "胎头拨露使阴唇后联合紧张时"}, "answer": "胎头拨露使阴唇后联合紧张时", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某患者有输血史,近日体检发现血液HCV-RNA(+)和抗HCV-IgM(+),最佳的处置方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "注射抗生素", "B": "卧床休息", "C": "注射丙种球蛋白", "D": "注射干扰素"}, "answer": "注射干扰素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "伤寒肉芽肿由何种细胞组成?(  )", "options": {"A": "浆细胞", "B": "巨噬细胞", "C": "类上皮细胞", "D": "多核巨细胞"}, "answer": "巨噬细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "苯二氮类药物作用的特点不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "具有催眠作用", "B": "具有外周性肌松作用", "C": "具有镇静作用", "D": "用于癫痫持续状态"}, "answer": "具有外周性肌松作用", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5.ⅡB期淋巴瘤(  )。", "options": {"A": "病变仅限于一个解剖部位", "B": "病变累及右侧颈、腋下和腹股沟淋巴结", "C": "病变累及左腋下淋巴结及肝脏", "D": "病变累及右锁骨上淋巴结和左腋下,并伴有高热"}, "answer": "病变累及右锁骨上淋巴结和左腋下,并伴有高热", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "亚急性自体瓣膜感染性心内膜炎的主要致病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎链球菌", "B": "葡萄球菌", "C": "草绿色链球菌", "D": "流感嗜血杆菌"}, "answer": "草绿色链球菌", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,20岁。活动后胸闷,气短2天。3周前曾咳嗽持续发热1周,既往体健。查体:面色苍白、双肺呼吸音清,心界向左下扩大,心率120次/分,频发期前收缩,第一心音减弱,P2>A2,心尖区可闻见2/6级收缩期杂音。实验室检查:血肌钙蛋白增高。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒性心肌炎", "B": "急性心肌梗死", "C": "慢性心力衰竭", "D": "感染性心内膜炎"}, "answer": "病毒性心肌炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,23岁,车祸致伤,即来院就诊,神志模糊,咯血,口鼻均有泥沙及血外溢,呼吸困难,烦躁不安,左侧严重擦伤、肿胀。查:HR102次/分,BP16.7/12kPa(125/90mmHg),四肢尚可自动活动,左大腿中下段中度肿胀、瘀斑和严重擦伤。1.此时最紧迫的抢救措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "请胸科医师会诊处理", "B": "清除上呼吸道异物,保持呼吸道通畅", "C": "吸氧", "D": "左下肢夹板固定"}, "answer": "清除上呼吸道异物,保持呼吸道通畅", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "高钾血症的心电图表现不应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "出现U波", "B": "高而尖的T波", "C": "PR间期延长", "D": "QT间期延长"}, "answer": "出现U波", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "影响胎儿和婴儿软骨发育,孕妇及哺乳妇女不宜用(  )。", "options": {"A": "磺胺类", "B": "喹诺酮类", "C": "四环素类", "D": "硝基呋喃类"}, "answer": "喹诺酮类", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在常规脑脊液检查中,哪一项结果不正常?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑脊液压力0.69~1.96kPa", "B": "白细胞数0~10×106/L", "C": "蛋白定量0.2~0.4", "D": "糖定量1.4~2.1mmol/L"}, "answer": "糖定量1.4~2.1mmol/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,75岁。陈旧性广泛前壁心肌梗死6年,活动后胸闷、心悸、气短3年,近2周出现夜间阵发性呼吸困难。体检:端坐呼吸,血压160/90mmHg,脉搏120次/分。P2亢进,心脏各瓣膜区未闻及杂音。双肺底可闻及细湿啰音,双肺散在哮鸣音。腹平软,肝脾肋下未触及,双下肢无水肿。空腹血糖4.2mmol/L。心电图:V1~V6导联ST段压低0.05~0.1mV。4.该患者血压控制目标至少是(  )。", "options": {"A": "150/90mmHg", "B": "140/90mmHg", "C": "130/90mmHg", "D": "100/70mmHg"}, "answer": "140/90mmHg", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是自身免疫最重要的基本特征?(  )", "options": {"A": "患者血中可测得高效价的自身抗体和(或)针对自身Ag的致敏淋巴细胞", "B": "反复发作或慢性迁延", "C": "病情转归与自身免疫反应强度有关", "D": "自身Ab或致敏淋巴细胞造成组织损伤或功能障碍"}, "answer": "患者血中可测得高效价的自身抗体和(或)针对自身Ag的致敏淋巴细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.急性重型肝炎的病理特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝细胞桥接坏死", "B": "肝细胞亚大片坏死", "C": "肝细胞碎片状坏死", "D": "肝细胞大片坏死"}, "answer": "肝细胞大片坏死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "抑郁发作的生物性症状中,下列哪项为典型的日间病情规律?(  )", "options": {"A": "昼轻夜重", "B": "晨重夜轻", "C": "中午最严重以后减轻", "D": "半夜最重"}, "answer": "晨重夜轻", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,21岁,不慎溺水后2小时出现呼吸困难急诊入院。查体:BP 90/60mmHg、R 40/分、P 120/分。烦躁不安,唇发绀,双肺可闻及湿啰音,胸片示双肺呈大片状浸润阴影。1.为明确诊断,该患者首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心电图", "B": "血气分析", "C": "超声心动图", "D": "心肌损伤标志物"}, "answer": "血气分析", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "足月新生儿生后第2天出现黄疸,间接胆红素>205μmol/L。诊断最不可能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿ABO溶血病", "B": "新生儿败血症", "C": "先天性胆道闭锁", "D": "G-6-PD缺乏症"}, "answer": "先天性胆道闭锁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.风湿性关节炎的关节表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "四肢大关节游走性肿痛,很少有畸形", "B": "主要累及负重关节,多见于50岁以上", "C": "累及脊柱、周围关节、关节周围组织的慢性炎症", "D": "对称性指间关节、腕、足部、膝、踝等关节痛或关节炎,不伴畸形"}, "answer": "四肢大关节游走性肿痛,很少有畸形", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,34岁。因肺炎住院治疗。给予鼻导管吸氧(3L/min)。动脉血气分析示pH 7.46,PaCO2 30mmHg,PaO2 66mmHg,SaO2 95%。该患者的氧合指数为(  )。", "options": {"A": "240mmHg", "B": "280mmHg", "C": "300mnHg", "D": "200mmHg"}, "answer": "200mmHg", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肝蒂内包含的结构不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝动脉", "B": "肝静脉", "C": "淋巴管", "D": "神经"}, "answer": "肝静脉", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "疾病的传染源不可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性带菌者或携带者", "B": "感染性疾病急性期或慢性病人", "C": "人畜共患病的患病动物", "D": "食物中毒患者"}, "answer": "食物中毒患者", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,24岁。间断咳嗽2天。伴阵发性胸闷,无发热、胸痛。查体:右下肺呼吸音稍低,未闻及干湿性啰音,为明确诊断,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血D-二聚体", "B": "胸部X线片", "C": "肺功能", "D": "动脉血气分析"}, "answer": "胸部X线片", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪项是醛固酮的主要作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "保Na+保K+", "B": "保Na+排K+", "C": "保K+排Na+", "D": "保Na+排H+"}, "answer": "保Na+排K+", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "8个月婴儿发热,体温高达39℃,咽红,精神状态尚好,静脉滴注3日头孢唑啉及双黄连,第4天热退,但患儿皮肤出现红色斑丘疹,颈部及躯干明显,既往曾用过头孢唑啉,诊断最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "药疹", "B": "麻疹", "C": "幼儿急疹", "D": "荨麻疹"}, "answer": "幼儿急疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.乙胺丁醇的毒性反应(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝损害", "B": "球后神经炎", "C": "胃肠道反应", "D": "骨髓抑制"}, "answer": "球后神经炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "中度缺氧缺血性脑病的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "出生24h内症状最明显", "B": "肌张力增加", "C": "瞳孔扩大", "D": "出现惊厥,肌阵挛"}, "answer": "出现惊厥,肌阵挛", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者从高处跌下已2小时,左腰部受伤疼痛剧烈,血尿。查体:血压80/60mmHg,左腰部触痛明显,腹部压痛,无反跳痛。其治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卧床休息", "B": "手术治疗", "C": "输血", "D": "观察"}, "answer": "输血", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,28岁,怀孕8个月,突眼、“三多”症状数月,伴有怕热、汗多、体重不增加。体检:血压120/80mmHg,中度贫血面容,甲状腺I°肿大,心率:92次/分,下肢无浮肿。化验:空腹血糖16.7mmol/L,尿糖(+++)尿蛋白(+++),血T3为400ng/dl(正常80~200mg/dl)。其完整诊断应该是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖尿病,甲亢", "B": "糖尿病,甲亢妊娠并肾小球硬化症", "C": "糖尿病,妊娠中毒症", "D": "糖尿病。妊娠并肾小球硬化症"}, "answer": "糖尿病,甲亢妊娠并肾小球硬化症", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "直肠长度为(  )。", "options": {"A": "5~10cm", "B": "12~15cm", "C": "16~20crn", "D": "21~25cm"}, "answer": "12~15cm", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,21岁。午后发热伴胸闷、气短1周入院,胸部X线片示:左侧胸腔积液(大量)。其气短的最主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阻塞性通气功能障碍", "B": "限制性通气功能障碍", "C": "通气/血流比例失调", "D": "动静脉分流"}, "answer": "限制性通气功能障碍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不符合骨软骨瘤的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "好发于四肢长骨的干骺端,特别是股骨下端、胫骨上端及肱骨上端", "B": "多见于儿童", "C": "又称骨软骨性外生疣", "D": "生长缓慢,但症状多明显"}, "answer": "生长缓慢,但症状多明显", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.婴儿生长发育所需能量(  )。", "options": {"A": "占总能量的50%~60%", "B": "占总能量的25%~30%", "C": "占总能量的7%~8%", "D": "占总能量的5%"}, "answer": "占总能量的25%~30%", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.女,32岁。大量呕血1天。伴恶心,之后出现黑便。既往有饥饿性上腹痛,伴烧心、反酸,进食后可缓解。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性胃黏膜病变出血", "B": "胃癌出血", "C": "胃溃疡出血", "D": "十二指肠溃疡出血"}, "answer": "十二指肠溃疡出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "提示小儿缺氧的胎动计数是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎动<5次/12小时", "B": "胎动<8次/12小时", "C": "胎动<10次/12小时", "D": "胎动<12次/12小时"}, "answer": "胎动<10次/12小时", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "萎缩细胞在电镜下最显著的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "线粒体增多", "B": "肌丝增多", "C": "滑面内质网增多", "D": "自噬泡增多"}, "answer": "自噬泡增多", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某人因车祸导致盆神经受损,下列哪项是其排尿功能障碍的表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "少尿", "B": "尿失禁", "C": "尿潴留", "D": "尿频"}, "answer": "尿潴留", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.表达阻遏蛋白的基因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑癌基因", "B": "结构基因", "C": "调节基因", "D": "操纵基因"}, "answer": "调节基因", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "子宫颈癌好发部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫颈管", "B": "子宫颈外口", "C": "子宫颈前唇", "D": "子宫颈后唇"}, "answer": "子宫颈外口", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女孩,6岁,发热12天,盗汗、乏力。检查全身浅表淋巴结轻度肿大、结节性红斑,疱疹性结膜炎,可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发型肺结核", "B": "中毒型菌痢", "C": "肺炎支原体肺炎", "D": "支气管哮喘"}, "answer": "原发型肺结核", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "由病人的家长、家属或他人做出求医决定的求医类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "强制型", "B": "被动型", "C": "顾虑型", "D": "合作型"}, "answer": "被动型", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪一项不是急性戊型肝炎的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "病情较重,尤其重叠感染乙肝病毒", "B": "肝内淤胆现象常见", "C": "妊娠合并戊型肝炎者死亡率高", "D": "易发展成慢性肝炎"}, "answer": "易发展成慢性肝炎", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "痛风症是因为血中某种物质在关节、软组织处沉积,其成分为?(  )", "options": {"A": "尿酸", "B": "黄嘌呤", "C": "尿素", "D": "次黄嘌呤"}, "answer": "尿酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4岁患儿,全身水肿20天,血压90/60mmHg,尿蛋白(+++)~(++++)血浆蛋白总量45g/L,清蛋白20g/L,血BUN 4.2mmol/L。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯性肾病", "B": "IgA肾病", "C": "急进性肾炎", "D": "膜性肾病"}, "answer": "单纯性肾病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,5岁。眼睑水肿2周就诊。查体:Hb97g/L,尿蛋白++,尿红细胞+/HP,尿比重1.026,血清蛋白(白蛋白)27g/L,胆固醇9.8mmol/L,C3460mg/L,该患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急进性肾炎", "B": "急性肾盂肾炎", "C": "单纯性肾病", "D": "肾炎性肾病"}, "answer": "肾炎性肾病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "糖皮质激素维持正常血压的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直接引起血管平滑肌收缩", "B": "增强血管平滑肌对儿茶酚胺的敏感性", "C": "增强心肌收缩力,增加心输出量", "D": "增加红细胞数目和血容量"}, "answer": "增强血管平滑肌对儿茶酚胺的敏感性", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性白血病浸润所致体征最多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏增大", "B": "中枢神经系统", "C": "牙龈肿胀,皮肤损害", "D": "淋巴结、肝、脾肿大"}, "answer": "淋巴结、肝、脾肿大", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于同工酶的叙述哪项是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "各同工酶Km相同", "B": "催化化学反应相同", "C": "同工酶的生物学功能可有差异", "D": "同工酶的理化性质相同"}, "answer": "催化化学反应相同", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者男性,25岁。因高位小肠瘘1天入院。入院后经颈内静脉插管滴入肠外营养液,2周后突然出现寒战、高热,无咳嗽、咳痰,腹部无压痛和反跳痛。3.如果24小时后发热仍不退,应采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "用抗生素", "B": "胸腔穿刺抽气", "C": "停止肠外营养", "D": "气管切开"}, "answer": "用抗生素", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医师注册后有下列情形之一的,其所在的医疗、预防、保健机构应当在三十日内报告准予注册的卫生行政部门,卫生行政部门应当注销注册,收回医师执业证书,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "中止执业医师满二年的", "B": "受吊销医师执业证书行政处罚的", "C": "死亡或者被宣告失踪的", "D": "中止医师执业活动满一年的"}, "answer": "中止医师执业活动满一年的", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "腺垂体功能减退症常先出现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溢乳、闭经", "B": "继发性糖尿病", "C": "产后无乳汁,长期闭经不育", "D": "体位性头晕,低血压"}, "answer": "产后无乳汁,长期闭经不育", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.代表全身脂肪和肌肉状况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "三头肌皮皱厚度", "B": "上臂中部周长", "C": "肌酐/身高指数", "D": "氮平衡试验"}, "answer": "上臂中部周长", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列不属于营养性缺铁性贫血常见表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝脾肿大", "B": "口腔炎,异食癖", "C": "水肿", "D": "记忆力减退"}, "answer": "水肿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者在车祸时发生右大腿开放性骨折,患者面部青紫,呼吸困难,口吐白沫死亡,其最可能的死因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心肌梗死", "B": "气体栓塞", "C": "脂肪栓塞", "D": "脑出血"}, "answer": "脂肪栓塞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.甲状腺素的功能(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺素释放激素(TRH)", "B": "合成、储存和分泌甲状腺素", "C": "促进蛋白质、碳水化合物和脂肪的分解", "D": "促甲状腺素(TSH)"}, "answer": "促进蛋白质、碳水化合物和脂肪的分解", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "发生急性炎症的组织内浸润细胞主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋巴细胞", "B": "巨噬细胞", "C": "中性粒细胞", "D": "嗜酸粒细胞"}, "answer": "中性粒细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者男性,40岁。因上腹部不适及黑便而行胃镜检查:胃窦部黏膜严重出血、水肿,小弯处有多处糜烂及黏膜下出血点,病理切片下有中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞浸润,血管破坏及出血,曾因关节疼痛服用过吲哚美辛等药物。应考虑诊断何病最适宜(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性糜烂性胃炎", "B": "胃窦部多发性溃疡", "C": "萎缩性胃炎", "D": "肥厚性胃炎"}, "answer": "急性糜烂性胃炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "慢性排斥性反应中,移植物的血管病变特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血管内膜纤维化", "B": "血管外膜纤维组织增生", "C": "血管壁纤维素性坏死", "D": "血管壁玻璃样变性"}, "answer": "血管内膜纤维化", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.网织红细胞计数(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆红素脑病", "B": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病", "C": "新生儿溶血病", "D": "病理性黄疸"}, "answer": "新生儿溶血病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "神经症与重性精神病相鉴别的主要特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发病与精神因素有关", "B": "具有躯体的不适感", "C": "对疾病有自知力,主动求治", "D": "具有人格弱点为发病基础"}, "answer": "对疾病有自知力,主动求治", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.房室瓣开放见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "等容收缩期初", "B": "等容收缩期末", "C": "等容舒张期初", "D": "等容舒张期末"}, "answer": "等容舒张期末", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某医院内科病房,责任护士误将甲床患者的青霉素注射给乙床患者。发现错误后,该护士心里十分矛盾和紧张,对乙床患者进行严密观察,没有出现青霉素过敏反应。对此以下说法符合伦理的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "患者没出现过敏反应,为避免护士与患者发生矛盾,不应告诉患者", "B": "打错针后护士已经进行了严密的观察,避免了医疗事故", "C": "打错针后应及时情况及时上报主管的护士长,进行观察并采取进一步治疗", "D": "患者未出现过敏反应,可以不告诉护士长以免受处分"}, "answer": "打错针后应及时情况及时上报主管的护士长,进行观察并采取进一步治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.地方性斑疹伤寒的传播媒介是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人虱", "B": "鼠蚤", "C": "恙螨", "D": "蜱"}, "answer": "鼠蚤", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在已知较长的序列情况下,获得目的DNA最常用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "化学合成法", "B": "筛选基因组文库", "C": "筛选cDNA文库", "D": "聚合酶链式反应"}, "answer": "聚合酶链式反应", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列有关糖、脂肪、蛋白质互变的叙述中,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脂肪可转变为蛋白质", "B": "蛋白质可转变为糖", "C": "葡萄糖可转变为非必需氨基酸的碳架部分", "D": "脂肪中甘油可转变为糖"}, "answer": "脂肪可转变为蛋白质", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,11个月,近1个月面色渐苍白,该患儿出生时为足月顺产,生长发育正常,未患过任何疾病,母乳喂养,其母孕期和哺乳期身体均健康,该患儿经检查诊断为缺铁性贫血,其缺铁的主要原因是什么(  )。", "options": {"A": "生长发育过快", "B": "铁摄入量不足", "C": "先天储铁不足", "D": "铁丢失过多"}, "answer": "铁摄入量不足", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.骨盆骨折易伤及(  )。", "options": {"A": "球部尿道", "B": "膜部尿道", "C": "前列腺部尿道", "D": "膀胱颈部"}, "answer": "膜部尿道", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "骨髓穿刺的禁忌证有(  )。", "options": {"A": "血友病", "B": "前一次穿刺后局部皮肤感染", "C": "多发性骨髓瘤累及骨盆", "D": "腰椎骨折"}, "answer": "血友病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,50岁。胸部不适2个月,无咳嗽、发热。胸部CT示右前上纵隔肿物,直径约3cm,边缘光滑,上极清晰。首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸腺瘤", "B": "胸骨后甲状腺", "C": "支气管囊肿", "D": "神经纤维瘤"}, "answer": "胸腺瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心绞痛发作时最有效、作用最快、使用最简便的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿司匹林", "B": "阿替洛尔", "C": "硝苯地平", "D": "硝酸甘油舌下含化"}, "answer": "硝酸甘油舌下含化", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.急性化脓性关节炎是(  )。", "options": {"A": "关节痛表现为病隋缓慢,肿而不红,穿刺见脓液", "B": "关节痛表现为游走性,轻度红、肿、热,与天气变化有关", "C": "关节痛表现为急性发作,高热,红肿明显,不能活动,白细胞高,关节液白细胞甚多,中性粒细胞占0.90", "D": "关节附近痛,急性发作,高热,红肿不明显,深压痛,不愿意活动关节,白细胞明显增高"}, "answer": "关节痛表现为急性发作,高热,红肿明显,不能活动,白细胞高,关节液白细胞甚多,中性粒细胞占0.90", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,男,10个月,母乳喂养,近3个月来面色渐苍白,间断腹泻,原可站立,现坐不稳,手足常颤抖。体检面色苍黄,略水肿,表情呆滞。血红蛋白80g/L,红细胞2.0×1012/L,白细胞6.0×109/L。2.需做什么检查确诊(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清铁检查", "B": "脑电图检查", "C": "脑CT", "D": "血清维生素B12、叶酸测定"}, "answer": "血清维生素B12、叶酸测定", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "脊髓灰质炎病毒的致病特点不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "粪口途径传播", "B": "5岁以下幼儿易感", "C": "易侵入中枢神经系统引起肢体痉挛", "D": "病后获得牢固免疫"}, "answer": "易侵入中枢神经系统引起肢体痉挛", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "巨大胎儿经阴道分娩的常见并发症不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "产程延长", "B": "产后出血", "C": "头盆不称", "D": "羊水栓塞"}, "answer": "羊水栓塞", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,8岁,额部多发性疖肿,未治疗,红肿、扩大,弛张性高热,4天后臀部皮下又发现一肿块,疼痛、压痛明显,且有波动感。3.治疗方案为(  )。", "options": {"A": "额部疖肿换药", "B": "臀部脓肿切开引流及抗生素治疗", "C": "加强营养,增强抵抗力", "D": "综合应用多种抗生素"}, "answer": "臀部脓肿切开引流及抗生素治疗", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新生儿期的保健重点包括以下几方面,但其中有一项不是必需的(  )。", "options": {"A": "保温", "B": "喂养", "C": "护理", "D": "预防传染病"}, "answer": "预防传染病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "根据《传染病防治法》规定,需按照甲类传染病采取预防控制措施的乙类传染病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炭疽", "B": "登革热", "C": "梅毒", "D": "肺结核"}, "answer": "肺炭疽", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "消毒染有霍乱弧菌食具的最佳消毒措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2%漂白粉", "B": "煮沸", "C": "紫外线", "D": "3%的来苏儿"}, "answer": "煮沸", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,56岁。尿中泡沫增多2年,间断双下肢水肿,晨轻暮重半年。既往患2型糖尿病15年,目前使用二甲双胍(1.5g/日)联合预混胰岛素30R(早、晚餐前皮下注射)治疗。冠心病病史10年,2年前行PTCA治疗。查体:BP 155/85mmHg,腹型肥胖,心肺无显著异常,双下肢轻度凹陷性水肿。尿蛋白(++)。2.患者24小时尿蛋白定量2.3g,eGFR 70m1/min,HbAc 7.0%。下一步降糖治疗最恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "停用二甲双胍,单独使用胰岛素治疗", "B": "停用二甲双胍,改用格列本脲联合胰岛素治疗", "C": "继续使用二甲双胍治疗", "D": "停用二甲双胍,改用罗格列酮联合胰岛素治疗"}, "answer": "停用二甲双胍,单独使用胰岛素治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于肝淤血的描述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝细胞萎缩", "B": "中央静脉扩张", "C": "肝细胞脂肪变性", "D": "小叶间静脉扩张、肝血窦狭窄"}, "answer": "小叶间静脉扩张、肝血窦狭窄", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "高血压病时的肾脏病理变化表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "颗粒性固缩肾", "B": "肾脏单发性贫血性梗死", "C": "肾的多发性大瘢痕凹陷", "D": "肾脏淤血"}, "answer": "颗粒性固缩肾", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,23岁,农民,11月份固发热、头痛、呕吐3d入院。体检:面颈部潮红,双腋下少许出血点。尿常规:蛋白(++),红细胞3~10个/HP,血常规:WBC 23.0×109/L,异型淋巴细胞10%,PLT 48×109/L。1.该患者的诊断可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "B": "斑疹伤寒", "C": "流行性出血热", "D": "钩端螺旋体病"}, "answer": "流行性出血热", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,45岁。车祸致左枕部着地,当即意识丧失,送至附近医院途中右侧肢体间断性抽搐伴喷射状呕吐3次。查体:P 56次/分,BP 160/95mmHg,浅昏迷、躁动,右侧瞳孔直径约4mm,左侧2mm;对光反射:左侧存在,右侧消失,左侧肌力3级,右侧肌力5级;左枕部头皮血肿,颈项强直。1.最主要的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右额急性硬脑膜下血肿伴左小脑幕切迹疝", "B": "右额急性硬脑膜下血肿伴右小脑幕切迹疝", "C": "左额急性硬脑膜下血肿伴左小脑幕切迹疝", "D": "左额急性硬脑膜下血肿伴右小脑幕切迹疝"}, "answer": "右额急性硬脑膜下血肿伴左小脑幕切迹疝", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于脂肪酸β-氧化的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脂肪酸的活化是在胞液中进行", "B": "脂酯CoA进入线粒体内β-氧化", "C": "帮助长链脂酰CoA进入线粒体的载体是肉碱", "D": "脂肪酸β-氧化的主要反应产物是CO2和H2O"}, "answer": "脂肪酸β-氧化的主要反应产物是CO2和H2O", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,23岁,其末次月经为2000年5月17日,则其预产期为(  )。", "options": {"A": "2月26日", "B": "2月27日", "C": "2月25日", "D": "2月24日"}, "answer": "2月24日", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.出生时新生儿身长平均是(  )。", "options": {"A": "40cm", "B": "46cm", "C": "50cm", "D": "56cm"}, "answer": "50cm", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.外伤属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "心身疾病", "B": "心身反应", "C": "心身障碍", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "以上都不是", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "胎儿血液循环出生后的改变,下列哪项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺小动脉肌层退化", "B": "肺循环压力增高", "C": "卵圆孔关闭", "D": "动脉导管关闭"}, "answer": "肺循环压力增高", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项为确诊伤寒最可靠的依据?(  )", "options": {"A": "粪便培养阳性", "B": "血培养阳性", "C": "胆汁培养阳性", "D": "肥达反应阳性"}, "answer": "血培养阳性", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.妊娠33周,反复无痛性阴道出血3次,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "前置胎盘", "B": "子宫破裂", "C": "前置血管", "D": "葡萄胎"}, "answer": "前置胎盘", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.间歇性跛行(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾动脉粥样硬化", "B": "四肢动脉粥样硬化", "C": "冠状动脉粥样硬化", "D": "脑动脉粥样硬化"}, "answer": "四肢动脉粥样硬化", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,54岁。腹痛、腹胀、乏力3个月。腹部隐痛阵发性发作。查体:贫血貌,浅表淋巴结无肿大,巩膜无黄染,腹软,未见肠型,右下腹可触及一活动性包块。实验室检查:Hb 90g/L,WBC 9.5×109/L,肝功能正常,CEA 20μg/L。粪隐血试验阳性。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "回盲部结核", "B": "溃疡性结肠炎", "C": "回盲部肿瘤", "D": "克罗恩病"}, "answer": "回盲部肿瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.乳腺癌最常见的组织学类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鳞状上皮癌", "B": "腺癌", "C": "实性癌", "D": "小细胞癌"}, "answer": "实性癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肩关节脱位时,肱骨头最容易脱出的方向是(  )。", "options": {"A": "前方", "B": "外侧", "C": "内侧", "D": "后方"}, "answer": "前方", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,男,2岁,出生时正常,母乳喂养,5个月后智能渐落后,头发变黄,肤色变白,有时发生抽搐,肌张力较高。2.应选择哪项检查协助诊断?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑电图检查", "B": "染色体核型分析", "C": "血钙、磷测定", "D": "尿三氯化铁试验"}, "answer": "尿三氯化铁试验", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,40岁。头痛3个月,加重伴间断性呕吐、抽搐、视物模糊1个月。查体:右上肢可见2个活动良好的椭圆形结节,眼底检查有视神经乳头水肿。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癫痫", "B": "隐球菌性脑膜炎", "C": "囊尾蚴病", "D": "结核性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "囊尾蚴病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "伴有躯体症状的焦虑患者,首先应与下列哪能种疾病鉴别?(  )", "options": {"A": "呼吸系统疾病", "B": "消化系统疾病", "C": "心血管疾病", "D": "骨骼系统疾病"}, "answer": "心血管疾病", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在感染过程的各种表现中,一般来说所占比例最低的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病原体被消除", "B": "显性感染", "C": "病原携带状态", "D": "潜伏性感染"}, "answer": "显性感染", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪种情况是洋地黄治疗的最佳指征?(  )", "options": {"A": "缩窄性心包炎、肝大伴腹水", "B": "快速房颤伴心衰", "C": "风湿热伴心动过速", "D": "肺心病伴心衰"}, "answer": "快速房颤伴心衰", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "炎症时首先起血管反应的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛细血管", "B": "细动脉", "C": "细静脉", "D": "小静脉"}, "answer": "细动脉", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "心房颤动时f波的频率为(  )。", "options": {"A": "350~600次/分", "B": "<150次/分", "C": "150~200次/分", "D": "250~300次/分"}, "answer": "350~600次/分", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,45岁,肥胖多年,口渴5个月,尿糖(+),空腹血糖7.9mmol/L,饭后2小时血糖12.1mmol/L。1.本病人可诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾性糖尿", "B": "饮食后糖尿", "C": "2型糖尿病", "D": "类固醇性糖尿病"}, "answer": "2型糖尿病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对壶腹后溃疡的正确描述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "十二指肠壶腹部后壁溃疡", "B": "易并发出血", "C": "临床症状多不明显", "D": "内科治疗效果好"}, "answer": "易并发出血", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪项是锁骨骨折常用的治疗方法?(  )", "options": {"A": "牵引治疗", "B": "手法复位,横8字绷带固定", "C": "切开复位,内固定", "D": "手法复位,石膏外固定"}, "answer": "手法复位,横8字绷带固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "惊厥持续状态,制止惊厥首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯巴比妥", "B": "地西泮", "C": "水合氯醛", "D": "苯妥英钠"}, "answer": "地西泮", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.伤寒的主要病变部位(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃、十二指肠", "B": "小肠", "C": "回肠末端", "D": "直肠、乙状结肠"}, "answer": "回肠末端", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "62岁男患者,言语不清,吞咽困难,饮水呛咳,声音嘶哑半年入院。查体:伸舌困难,软腭抬举差,吞咽困难。2.如要鉴别是真、假球麻痹则应检查的体征为(  )。", "options": {"A": "有无肢体瘫", "B": "有无Homer征", "C": "有无咽反射", "D": "有无瞳孔改变"}, "answer": "有无咽反射", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "T细胞不能(  )。", "options": {"A": "产生细胞因子", "B": "直接杀伤靶细胞", "C": "参与对病毒的免疫应答", "D": "介导ADCC效应"}, "answer": "介导ADCC效应", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "唾液中除含有唾液淀粉酶外还有(  )。", "options": {"A": "溶菌酶", "B": "脂肪酶", "C": "肽酶", "D": "寡糖酶"}, "answer": "溶菌酶", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,6个月,突然出现极度烦躁不安,呼吸困难加重。查体:心率191次/分,呼吸69次/分,精神不振,唇周明显发绀,面色苍白,心音低钝,双肺叩诊正常,可闻及较密集的细湿啰音,肝肋下3.5cm中度硬。诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管肺炎合并中毒性脑病", "B": "支气管肺炎合并心力衰竭", "C": "支气管肺炎合并中毒性肠麻痹", "D": "支气管肺炎合并"}, "answer": "支气管肺炎合并心力衰竭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "通常主要依靠以下哪项来诊断癫痫?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑脊液检查", "B": "脑CT", "C": "临床表现", "D": "神经系统体检"}, "answer": "临床表现", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一位患者注射破伤风抗毒素后10天,出现疲乏,头痛,肌肉和关节痛,实验室检查尿中蛋白量增加,血清中免疫球蛋白水平正常,补体C4和C3含量较低,产生此临床表现的最可能原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗毒素作用消失后机体对破伤风毒素的全身性反应", "B": "由破伤风毒素蛋白与抗体形成的复合物的沉淀", "C": "由破伤风抗毒素血清蛋白与人免疫球蛋白形成的复合物的沉积", "D": "对破伤风毒素的迟发型超敏反应"}, "answer": "由破伤风抗毒素血清蛋白与人免疫球蛋白形成的复合物的沉积", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,40岁,因发热、便秘、食欲缺乏10天入院。查体:体温39.8℃,脉搏98次/分,肝大肋下1.0cm,质软,脾肋下及边。血常规:白细胞2.7×109/L,中性粒细胞0.52,淋巴细胞0.44,血清ALT 100U/L;肥达反应“0”1:160,“H”1:160。4.在治疗过程中哪一项是错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "高压灌肠", "B": "禁用新斯的明", "C": "低压灌肠", "D": "抗生素"}, "answer": "高压灌肠", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性白血病发生贫血的最主要因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓造血受白血病细胞干扰", "B": "化疗后胃肠功能紊乱,营养缺乏", "C": "脾脏大,破坏红细胞过多", "D": "产生抗红细胞抗体"}, "answer": "骨髓造血受白血病细胞干扰", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心室肌细胞动作电位4期内Ca2+逆浓度梯度外运是由下列哪项提供能量的?(  )", "options": {"A": "Na+-Ca2+泵", "B": "Na+-K+泵", "C": "Ca2+泵", "D": "Cl-泵"}, "answer": "Na+-K+泵", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "属于Ⅱ型超敏反应性疾病的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿溶血症", "B": "荨麻疹", "C": "过敏性鼻炎", "D": "过敏性休克"}, "answer": "新生儿溶血症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "氯丙嗪抗精神病的作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阻滞中枢DA2样受体", "B": "激动中枢DA2样受体", "C": "阻断α肾上腺素受体", "D": "阻断GABA受体"}, "answer": "阻滞中枢DA2样受体", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项不符合小叶性肺炎?(  )", "options": {"A": "细菌和病毒均能引起小叶性肺炎", "B": "各病灶病变性质不一致", "C": "可致心力衰竭", "D": "可为麻疹或手术后并发症"}, "answer": "细菌和病毒均能引起小叶性肺炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "炎症的变质是指病灶局部实质细胞发生(  )。", "options": {"A": "萎缩和坏死", "B": "增生和坏死", "C": "变性和坏死", "D": "萎缩和变性"}, "answer": "变性和坏死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.是呋塞米的利尿机制(  )。", "options": {"A": "明显抑制集合管碳酸酐酶活性", "B": "抑制髓袢升支粗段皮质部Na+、Cl-的重吸收", "C": "直接抑制远端小管对K+的分泌", "D": "抑制髓袢升支粗段皮质部和髓质部Na+、Cl-的重吸收"}, "answer": "抑制髓袢升支粗段皮质部和髓质部Na+、Cl-的重吸收", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.成人每日所需水分(  )。", "options": {"A": "150ml/kg", "B": "125ml/kg", "C": "100ml/kg", "D": "40ml/kg"}, "answer": "40ml/kg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4个月女婴,冬季出生,足月顺产,单纯牛奶喂养,未添加辅食。近半个月来较烦躁,夜哭闹不安,多汗。体检:体重6kg,有颅骨软化。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "营养不良", "B": "亚临床维生素A缺乏症", "C": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.患者,女,20岁,左膝内下硬性肿块2个月,无痛。X线片示:左胫骨干骺端内侧有正常骨组织的疣状肿物,界限清楚,无骨膜反应,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨软骨瘤", "B": "骨巨细胞瘤", "C": "骨转移性癌", "D": "骨肉瘤"}, "answer": "骨软骨瘤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "尊重病人自主权或决定,在病人坚持己见时,可能要求医生(  )。", "options": {"A": "放弃自己的责任", "B": "听命于患者", "C": "无需具体分析", "D": "必要时限制病人自主性"}, "answer": "必要时限制病人自主性", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "病毒的增殖方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "复制", "B": "芽生", "C": "二分裂", "D": "裂殖"}, "answer": "复制", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.成人失血100ml时(  )。", "options": {"A": "血压升高,心率加快", "B": "血压降低,心率加快", "C": "血压降低,心率加慢", "D": "心率和血压均无变化"}, "answer": "心率和血压均无变化", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "“感时花溅泪,恨别鸟惊心”,这种情绪状态是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心境", "B": "应激", "C": "激情", "D": "悲哀"}, "answer": "心境", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列机构中的医师,哪项不适用执业医师法?(  )", "options": {"A": "计划生育技术服务机构", "B": "药品生产经营机构", "C": "医疗机构", "D": "保健机构"}, "answer": "药品生产经营机构", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于别构调节(或别构酶)的叙述哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "催化部位与别构部位位于同一亚基", "B": "别构调节可有效地、及时地适应环境的变化", "C": "动力学曲线呈S形", "D": "都含有一个以上的亚基"}, "answer": "催化部位与别构部位位于同一亚基", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "化脓性关节炎与关节结核的鉴别,下述哪一项无价值?(  )", "options": {"A": "局部是否有红肿、疼痛与皮温明显增高", "B": "是否有高热等急性全身表现", "C": "血和关节液的白细胞总数和中性粒细胞增多的程度", "D": "浮髌试验阳性"}, "answer": "浮髌试验阳性", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.尿毒症患者伴高钾血症最有效的降血钾疗法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服碳酸钙", "B": "必需氨基酸疗法", "C": "促红细胞生成素", "D": "血液透析治疗"}, "answer": "血液透析治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一食堂,就餐者用餐1小时后,陆续出现唇、指甲以及全身皮肤青紫等症状。1.根据中毒症状,中毒的原因最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "赤霉病中毒", "B": "磷化锌中毒", "C": "亚硝酸盐中毒", "D": "黄变米中毒"}, "answer": "亚硝酸盐中毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.属于恶性肿瘤的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经纤维瘤", "B": "软骨母细胞瘤", "C": "成熟性畸胎瘤", "D": "髓母细胞瘤"}, "answer": "髓母细胞瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "母乳性黄疸的特点,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "血清胆红素可大于342μmol/L(20mg/dl)但尚无核黄疸报告", "B": "多于生后4~7天出现黄疸", "C": "胃纳差,体重不增", "D": "继续哺乳1~4月胆红素亦降至正常"}, "answer": "胃纳差,体重不增", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.脂肪栓塞(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈、胸部创伤时,静脉破裂,空气进入", "B": "肺毛细血管内有角化上皮、胎毛、胎粪等", "C": "寄生虫阻塞肝内门静脉分支", "D": "长骨骨折,游离的脂滴进入破裂静脉"}, "answer": "长骨骨折,游离的脂滴进入破裂静脉", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "《传染病防治法》规定的甲类传染病是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "鼠疫、霍乱", "B": "鼠疫、传染性非典型肺炎", "C": "传染性非典型肺炎、人感染高致病性禽流感", "D": "流行性出血热、艾滋病"}, "answer": "鼠疫、霍乱", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,72岁。排便时突然跌倒,意识丧失,呼吸断续,有陈旧心肌梗死和糖尿病病史,无高血压病史,诊断为心搏骤停。2.心电图示心搏停顿,此时首选的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "普鲁卡因酰胺", "B": "肾上腺素", "C": "普罗帕酮", "D": "碳酸氢钠"}, "answer": "肾上腺素", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,62岁。1小时前呕血1000ml。既往史:HbsAg(+)20年,冠心病史10年。近期有心绞痛发作。不宜应用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血管加压素", "B": "生长抑素", "C": "支链氨基酸", "D": "奥美拉唑"}, "answer": "血管加压素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "卵巢动静脉通过的韧带是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主韧带", "B": "宫骶韧带", "C": "阔韧带", "D": "骨盆漏斗韧带"}, "answer": "骨盆漏斗韧带", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于平喘药的叙述哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素也能收缩支气管黏膜的血管,有助于平喘", "B": "异丙肾上腺素的主要缺点是加快心率", "C": "阿托品可用于哮喘发作", "D": "色甘酸钠只能预防哮喘发作"}, "answer": "阿托品可用于哮喘发作", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某妇女下腹部疼痛,阴道有大量黄色、无血、无气味的分泌物,一周前曾做过经阴道结扎术。检查时,从阴道后穹隆穿刺,得20ml带血、恶臭的脓性物,厌氧培养出G-杆菌。下述哪一项可能是该化脓感染的病原体?(  )", "options": {"A": "铜绿假单胞菌", "B": "变形杆菌", "C": "脆弱类杆菌", "D": "肉毒杆菌"}, "answer": "脆弱类杆菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.所谓“大三阳”是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "仅HBsAg阳性", "B": "仅血清抗-HBsAg阳性", "C": "HBsAg、HBeAg、抗-HBc均阳性", "D": "HBeAg、抗-HBe、抗-HBc均阳性"}, "answer": "HBsAg、HBeAg、抗-HBc均阳性", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "佝偻病哪期经过治疗症状体征多减轻?(  )", "options": {"A": "佝偻病早期", "B": "佝偻病初期", "C": "佝偻病恢复期", "D": "佝偻病后遗症期"}, "answer": "佝偻病恢复期", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "杀菌性抗结核药为(  )。", "options": {"A": "异烟肼,链霉素,乙胺醇", "B": "异烟肼,吡嗪酰胺,氨硫脲", "C": "异烟肼,利福平,链霉素", "D": "异烟肼,利福平,乙硫异烟胺"}, "answer": "异烟肼,利福平,链霉素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于精神活性物质,下列说法不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "能够影响人类情绪、行为,改变意识状态", "B": "由于其成瘾性,所以在社会上禁止使用", "C": "人们的使用目的是取得或保持某些特殊的心理、生理状态", "D": "是一类化学物质"}, "answer": "由于其成瘾性,所以在社会上禁止使用", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "过敏性反应时组织水肿是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛细血管血压升高", "B": "血浆胶体渗透压降低", "C": "组织液胶体渗透压降低", "D": "毛细血管、微静脉管壁通透性增加"}, "answer": "毛细血管、微静脉管壁通透性增加", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "大面积烧伤24小时内的病人,首选的治疗措施主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "控制感染", "B": "镇静止痛", "C": "液体复苏", "D": "补充营养,增强免疫"}, "answer": "液体复苏", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.不存在于RNA中的碱基是(  )。", "options": {"A": "I", "B": "X", "C": "A", "D": "U"}, "answer": "X", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,48岁。双下肢水肿2个月,既往体健,查体:BP 140/90mmHg,血ALB 27g/L,Scr 92μmol/L,尿蛋白(+++),尿潜血(-)。肾活检示:基底膜增厚,嗜银染色有钉突形成。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膜性肾病", "B": "IgA肾病", "C": "微小病变型肾病", "D": "系膜毛细血管性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "膜性肾病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,58岁。上腹胀、隐痛2个月,伴食欲减退、乏力、消瘦、大便发黑。查体:消瘦,浅表淋巴结无肿大。上消化道钡剂造影见胃窦部小弯侧黏膜紊乱,可见直径3.5cm不规则充盈缺损,胃壁僵直。其最常见的转移途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃肠道内转移", "B": "淋巴转移", "C": "直接浸润", "D": "腹腔内种植"}, "answer": "淋巴转移", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4个月小儿因支气管肺炎住院,住院后用三代头孢菌素治疗2周余,病情好转,体检正常。但近2天来体温不升,有呕吐,腹泻,大便为暗绿色水样,粘液较多,有腥臭味,镜检下有大量的脓细胞及革兰阳性球菌。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "真菌性肠炎", "B": "病毒性肠炎", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌肠炎", "D": "致病性大肠杆菌肠炎"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌肠炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "月经周期能够正反馈作用于下丘脑-垂体的激素为(  )。", "options": {"A": "雄激素", "B": "雌激素", "C": "甲状腺素", "D": "促性腺激素"}, "answer": "雌激素", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "血浆清蛋白的主要生理功能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "清蛋白分子中有识别和结合抗原的主要部位", "B": "维持血浆胶体渗透压", "C": "具有很强的结合补体和抗细菌功能", "D": "血浆蛋白电泳时,清蛋白泳动速度最慢"}, "answer": "维持血浆胶体渗透压", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,24岁,突然意识不清,跌倒,全身强直数秒钟后抽搐,咬破舌。2分钟后抽搐停止。醒后活动正常。3.治疗的首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "降颅压药", "B": "止血药", "C": "扩血管药", "D": "抗癫痫药"}, "answer": "抗癫痫药", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,男,7个月,于11月份住院,发热3天,呕吐、腹泻2天入院,大便每日10余次,水样便,无腥味,尿少。查体:轻度脱水,心肺(—),大便镜检,WBC0~1个/HP,对他最恰当的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "霉菌性肠炎", "B": "致病性大肠杆菌肠炎", "C": "轮状病毒性肠炎", "D": "生理性腹泻"}, "answer": "轮状病毒性肠炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.双上肢正常,双下肢中枢性瘫痪的病变部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓胸段", "B": "脊髓颈膨大", "C": "脊髓圆锥", "D": "马尾"}, "answer": "脊髓胸段", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "机化时出现的特征性细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "成纤维细胞", "B": "类上皮细胞", "C": "横纹肌细胞", "D": "上皮细胞"}, "answer": "成纤维细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "根据求医的决定权,可将求医行为分为(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动型、指导型、合作型", "B": "主动型、被动型、强制型", "C": "参与型、指导型、合作型", "D": "参与型、被动型、强制型"}, "answer": "主动型、被动型、强制型", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一正常小儿身高80cm,前囟已闭,头围47cm,乳牙16枚,能用简单的语言表达自己的需要,对人、事有喜乐之分。2.按公式计算此小儿的体重约是(  )。", "options": {"A": "13.5kg", "B": "12kg", "C": "10.5kg", "D": "9kg"}, "answer": "10.5kg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "重症肌无力胆碱能危象是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗胆碱酯酶药物用量不足", "B": "抗胆碱酯酶药物作用突然消失", "C": "抗胆碱酯酶药物过量", "D": "抗胆碱酯酶药物过敏"}, "answer": "抗胆碱酯酶药物过量", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪种皮肤试验的原理是迟发型超敏反应(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素皮试", "B": "结核菌素皮试", "C": "锡克皮试", "D": "胰岛素注射皮试"}, "answer": "结核菌素皮试", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,25岁。发现心悸、盗汗、易怒1年,伴有饮食量增加、消瘦。查体:BP 110/80mmHg,重度突眼,甲状腺弥漫性肿大,深入胸骨后上纵隔内,心率116次/分。测血T3、T4值高于参考值上限一倍。4.该患者行双侧甲状腺次全切除术,术后第2天发生四肢抽搐。有效的处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服钙剂", "B": "10%葡萄糖酸钙静脉点滴", "C": "口服镇静剂", "D": "口服碘剂"}, "answer": "10%葡萄糖酸钙静脉点滴", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "硝普钠最常见的不良反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低血压", "B": "高钾血症", "C": "硫氰酸盐中毒", "D": "血管神经性水肿"}, "answer": "低血压", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "哪项是降低颅内压最有效易行的方法?(  )", "options": {"A": "进行控制性过度换气", "B": "施行人工冬眠物理降温", "C": "使用脱水剂或利尿剂", "D": "将病员置于高压氧舱内"}, "answer": "使用脱水剂或利尿剂", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "现代医学模式指(  )。", "options": {"A": "生物—心理—社会医学模式", "B": "整体医学模式", "C": "生物医学模式", "D": "分子医学模式"}, "answer": "生物—心理—社会医学模式", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在肝细胞内由胆固醇转变为胆汁酸的过程很复杂,需经过羟化、加氢及侧链氧化断裂等许多酶促反应才能完成。其限速酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "12α羟化酶", "B": "7α羟化酶", "C": "还原酶", "D": "水解酶"}, "answer": "7α羟化酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者饮水呛咳,声音嘶哑,右软腭抬举无力,病损位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "右侧皮质脑干束", "B": "左侧皮质脑干束", "C": "右舌下神经", "D": "右舌咽迷走神经"}, "answer": "右舌咽迷走神经", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.能被肾小管全部重吸收的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Na+", "B": "葡萄糖", "C": "菊粉", "D": "肌酐"}, "answer": "葡萄糖", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医疗保险制度的资金来源主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "个人、保险公司、政府", "B": "个人、集体、国家", "C": "职工、雇主、保险公司", "D": "个人、单位、保险公司"}, "answer": "个人、集体、国家", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "成人椎体结核和椎体肿瘤在X线上的主要鉴别点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "椎体破坏的程度", "B": "椎体破坏的数目", "C": "椎间隙是否变狭窄或消失", "D": "椎体骨质疏松的程度"}, "answer": "椎间隙是否变狭窄或消失", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.移植物急性排斥(  )。", "options": {"A": "属Ⅱ型超敏反应性疾病", "B": "属Ⅲ型超敏反应性疾病", "C": "属Ⅳ型超敏反应性疾病", "D": "不属于超敏反应性疾病"}, "answer": "属Ⅳ型超敏反应性疾病", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,24岁,体检时发现甲状腺右叶内有一1cm大小的孤立结节,无任何自觉症状。3.手术治疗2年后,患者右颈部出现一个1cm大小肿大淋巴结,应采取的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "再次行甲状腺全切除及双侧颈部淋巴结清扫术", "B": "对右颈部淋巴结行局部放射治疗", "C": "手术切除肿大淋巴结,同时探查同侧颈部有无肿大淋巴结,对可疑者行病理检查", "D": "行放射性131Ⅰ治疗"}, "answer": "手术切除肿大淋巴结,同时探查同侧颈部有无肿大淋巴结,对可疑者行病理检查", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "TRH兴奋试验在Graves病时结果应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "TSH异常升高", "B": "TSH升高", "C": "TSH无变化", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "TSH无变化", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "任何单位或者个人开展诊疗活动,必须依法取得(  )。", "options": {"A": "《设置医疗机构备案回执》", "B": "《医疗机构执业许可证》", "C": "《医疗机构校验申请书》", "D": "《医疗机构申请变更登记注册书》"}, "answer": "《医疗机构执业许可证》", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列检查中不能用于传染病早期诊断的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "特异性抗原的检测", "B": "特异性抗体IgM的检测", "C": "特异性抗体lgG的检测", "D": "分子生物学检测病原体特异性核酸"}, "answer": "特异性抗体lgG的检测", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "兄弟姐妹之间进行器官移植引起排斥反应的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "异种抗原", "B": "自身抗原", "C": "同种异型抗原", "D": "异嗜性抗原"}, "answer": "同种异型抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,48岁。腹部肿痛2天,肛门停止排气排便。查体:心肺(-),腹部隆起,左下腹肌紧张、压痛、反跳痛(+)。左下腹卵圆窝处可扪及半球形包块,大小2cm×2cm×2.5cm,不能推动。腹部立位X线片显示腹腔胀气,有数个液平面。针对该患者的治疗方案应该选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "切除坏死肠管,疝囊高位结扎,McVay修补", "B": "切除坏死肠管,疝囊高位结扎", "C": "切除坏死肠管,疝囊高位结扎,Shouldiec修补", "D": "切除坏死肠管,疝囊高位结扎,无张力修补"}, "answer": "切除坏死肠管,疝囊高位结扎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对年老体弱、痰量较多且无力咳痰的慢性支气管炎患者,不宜使用的药物为(  )。", "options": {"A": "氧氟沙星", "B": "羧甲司坦", "C": "氨溴索", "D": "可待因"}, "answer": "可待因", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,45岁。进行性少尿4天。既往体健。查体:BP 160/90mmHg,心率120次/分,双下肢水肿。血BUN 18.9mmol/L,Scr 655.6μmol/L。动脉血气分析:pH 7.3,PaO2 65mmHg,PaCO233mmHg,BE-8.5mmol/L。急需采取的最主要治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "透析治疗", "B": "利尿治疗", "C": "降压治疗", "D": "口服泼尼松"}, "answer": "透析治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "大面积烧伤,早期最重要的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "补液", "B": "防止感染", "C": "止痛,镇静", "D": "切痂植皮手术"}, "answer": "补液", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.高血压伴高钾血症禁用(  )。", "options": {"A": "螺内酯", "B": "氨氯地平", "C": "氢氯噻嗪", "D": "美托洛尔"}, "answer": "螺内酯", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某县(省直接管辖)县医院发生医疗事故争议,需进行医疗事故技术鉴定,按照《医疗事故处理条例》的规定,负责首次医疗事故鉴定工作的组织应当是(  )。", "options": {"A": "该县医学会", "B": "该县卫生行政部门的上级组织", "C": "市级医学会", "D": "省级医学会"}, "answer": "该县医学会", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "典型的食管癌症状特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "持续性胸骨后异物感", "B": "渐进性加重的吞咽困难", "C": "间断吞咽困难伴呕吐", "D": "胸痛"}, "answer": "渐进性加重的吞咽困难", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,6岁,因高热、头痛、精神萎靡l天于2月5日入院。体检:体温39.5℃.血压70/40mmHg。胸部及四肢皮肤见多处大小不等的瘀点、瘀斑.颈软,心、肺无异常发现。外周血白细胞28.2×109/L,中性粒细胞0.87,淋巴细胞0.13。诊断首先考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "流行性出血热", "B": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "C": "流行性乙型脑炎", "D": "败血症"}, "answer": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以下对动机的理解错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是行为的源动力", "B": "是在外界诱因下产生的", "C": "是推动个体行动的心理动力", "D": "以需要为基础"}, "answer": "是行为的源动力", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "未经批准擅自开办医疗机构行医的,承担下列法律责任,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "警告", "B": "给患者造成损害的,承担赔偿责任", "C": "对医师吊销执业证书", "D": "构成犯罪的,追究刑事责任"}, "answer": "警告", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "初产妇,27岁,左乳外上象限红肿、疼痛,穿刺未抽得脓液,此时治疗宜选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "全身应用抗生素", "B": "局部应用抗生素", "C": "沿乳晕边缘弧形切开", "D": "放射状切开引流"}, "answer": "全身应用抗生素", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.在胎儿体内合成最早(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgG", "B": "IgM", "C": "sIgA", "D": "IgE"}, "answer": "IgM", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于水痘的皮疹特点,以下错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "黏膜皮疹可出现在口腔、结膜、生殖器等处", "B": "发热1~2天后出现皮疹", "C": "同一时期内有丘疹、疱疹和结痂", "D": "皮疹最多见于面部与四肢"}, "answer": "皮疹最多见于面部与四肢", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "胆固醇合成的限速酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HMGCoA硫解酶", "B": "HMGCoA裂解酶", "C": "HMGCoA还原酶", "D": "HMGCoA合成酶"}, "answer": "HMGCoA还原酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.同一种动物遗传结构不同个体之间的移植称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "自体移植", "B": "同种异基因移植", "C": "异种移植", "D": "骨髓移植"}, "answer": "同种异基因移植", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.Tm值是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "一小段核苷酸聚合体的单链,用放射性核素或生物素来标记其末端或全链", "B": "双链DNA解链成单链DNA", "C": "单链:DNA恢复成双链DNA", "D": "50%双链DNA变性时的温度"}, "answer": "50%双链DNA变性时的温度", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "细胞膜在静息情况下,对下列哪种离子的通透性最大?(  )", "options": {"A": "Na+", "B": "K+", "C": "Cl-", "D": "Mg2+"}, "answer": "K+", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是精神分析常用的方法?(  )", "options": {"A": "潜能的发挥", "B": "宣泄", "C": "神化", "D": "自由联想"}, "answer": "自由联想", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,5岁,高热2小时,反复惊厥3次,于8月20日晚6点就诊,追问病史,该患儿上午曾去公园进食玉米及葡萄等。查体:体温40.5℃,神志不清,呈抽搐状,面色发青,四肢凉,血压60/45mmHg,双瞳孔等大,光反应迟钝,心肺正常,腹软,颈强阳性,克氏征阴性。该患儿最可能诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "中暑", "B": "中毒性细菌性痢疾", "C": "病毒性脑炎", "D": "流行性乙型脑炎"}, "answer": "中毒性细菌性痢疾", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述颅脑损伤最急需处理的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "顶部的凹陷骨折,深度达1.5cm", "B": "颅底骨折引起外耳道出血", "C": "开放性颅脑损伤,脑组织外溢", "D": "颅内血肿并脑疝形成"}, "answer": "颅内血肿并脑疝形成", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4个月男孩,低热伴咳嗽2天,喘憋加重1天,精神、食欲尚可。体检:体温37.8℃,呼吸60次/min,心率150次/min,两肺满布哮鸣音,两背下部可闻及细湿啰音,肝肋下3.5cm。4.按可能的病原体选择药物,以下最合适的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素+氨苄青霉素", "B": "三氮唑核苷", "C": "头孢噻肟", "D": "氨苄西林"}, "answer": "三氮唑核苷", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于痢疾杆菌正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "易入血引起败血症", "B": "菌毛是致病的重要因素", "C": "福氏痢疾杆菌因能产生外毒索故引起的痢疾比较严重", "D": "我国以志贺痢疾杆菌感染多见"}, "answer": "菌毛是致病的重要因素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项易引起肠腔狭窄?(  )", "options": {"A": "肠阿米巴病", "B": "细菌性痢疾", "C": "肠伤寒", "D": "肠结核"}, "answer": "肠结核", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.催化三羧酸循环第一步反应的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "异柠檬酸脱氢酶、α-酮戊二酸脱氢酶", "B": "柠檬酸合成酶、琥珀酸脱氢酶", "C": "柠檬酸合成酶", "D": "琥珀酸合成酶"}, "answer": "柠檬酸合成酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男婴,足月,有宫内窘迫史,羊水Ⅱ度污染,经产钳助产娩出。生后1分钟四肢青紫,心率每分钟95次,刺激时皱眉,呼吸浅弱,肌张力低。下述哪一项措施不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "擦干,保暖", "B": "给氧", "C": "注射山梗茶碱刺激呼吸", "D": "若心率每分钟<60次,进行胸外心脏按摩"}, "answer": "注射山梗茶碱刺激呼吸", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.能提示胎儿肺成熟的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卵磷脂/鞘磷脂比值为2.3", "B": "含脂肪细胞出现率为23%", "C": "淀粉酶值为500U/L", "D": "肌酐值为200μmol/L"}, "answer": "卵磷脂/鞘磷脂比值为2.3", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医德修养的主要内容是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "卫生部长提出的要求", "B": "医院院长提出的要求", "C": "新闻媒体提出的要求", "D": "医德原则、规范提出的要求"}, "answer": "医德原则、规范提出的要求", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "遗忘综合征常见于下列哪个疾病(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性酒精中毒", "B": "一氧化碳中毒", "C": "有机磷中毒", "D": "阿托品中毒"}, "answer": "慢性酒精中毒", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列关于药物副作用的叙述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "治疗量时出现的与治疗目的无关的反应", "B": "常因剂量过大引起", "C": "常因药物作用选择性低引起", "D": "副作用与治疗目的是相对的"}, "answer": "常因剂量过大引起", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "心身疾病的界定条件是(  )。", "options": {"A": "在发病的原因中,心理社会因素是重要的因素", "B": "具有由心理因素引起的躯体症状", "C": "具有明显的器质性病理改变或病理生理变化", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "通常所说的血型是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞膜上的受体类型", "B": "红细胞膜上凝集素的类型", "C": "红细胞膜上凝集原的类型", "D": "血浆中凝集原的类型"}, "answer": "红细胞膜上凝集原的类型", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,16岁。发热、干咳3天,最高体温37.8℃,N 0.75。胸部X线片示右下肺纹理增粗、模糊。首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头孢拉定", "B": "阿奇霉素", "C": "左氧氟沙星", "D": "青霉素"}, "answer": "阿奇霉素", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "冠状动脉粥样硬化最常发生的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左冠状动脉主干", "B": "左冠状动脉前降支", "C": "左冠状动脉左旋支", "D": "右冠状动脉主干"}, "answer": "左冠状动脉前降支", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性粒细胞自血病下述哪一项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "骨髓中原始细胞<10%,而以中、晚幼粒细胞为主", "B": "中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶慢性期增多,急性期下降", "C": "晚期骨髓内纤维组织增多", "D": "血清维生素β12浓度增高"}, "answer": "中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶慢性期增多,急性期下降", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.食管胃底静脉曲张吞钡X线片示(  )。", "options": {"A": "食管下段呈鸟嘴状改变", "B": "食管大部分呈线性狭窄", "C": "食管下段黏膜呈串珠样改变", "D": "食管下段呈半月状压迹,黏膜尚完整,并有“瀑布征”"}, "answer": "食管下段黏膜呈串珠样改变", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "DNA损伤时,使修复酶反应性增加属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "诱导表达", "B": "阻遏表达", "C": "协调表达", "D": "组成表达"}, "answer": "诱导表达", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,35岁。因误服有机磷农药半小时,意识障碍逐渐加重入院。经洗胃、导泻,应用阿托品、碘解磷定、对症支持等治疗后意识恢复,症状好转。3天后患者突然出现视物模糊、面瘫、呼吸困难,并再次出现意识障碍,大小便失禁。查体:T 36.7℃,P 65次/分,R 15次/分,BP 135/75mmHg,肌力3级。SpO2 93%。目前出现的情况最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性脑卒中", "B": "有机磷中毒加重", "C": "中间型综合征", "D": "急性有机磷中毒迟发型多发性神经病变"}, "answer": "中间型综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂治疗高血压的特点,下列哪种说法是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "用于各型高血压,不伴有反射性心率加快", "B": "防止和逆转血管壁增厚和心肌肥厚", "C": "降低血钾", "D": "久用不易引起脂质代谢障碍"}, "answer": "降低血钾", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "胚胎期造血不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝脏造血", "B": "脾脏造血", "C": "淋巴结造血", "D": "骨髓造血"}, "answer": "淋巴结造血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,6个月。近1个月烦躁、多汗、夜惊。突然两眼上窜、神志不清,四肢抽动。持续约1min缓解。血清钙1.6mmol/L,血糖4.5mmol/L,考虑诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "癫痫", "B": "化脓性脑膜炎", "C": "低钙惊厥", "D": "高热惊厥"}, "answer": "低钙惊厥", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "依据《精神卫生法》,给予吊销精神科医师执业证书处罚的情形是(  )。", "options": {"A": "未及时对有伤害自身危险的患者进行检查评估的", "B": "故意将非精神障碍患者诊断为精神障碍患者的", "C": "对实施住院治疗的患者未根据评估结果作出处理的", "D": "拒绝对送诊的疑似精神障碍患者作出诊断的"}, "answer": "故意将非精神障碍患者诊断为精神障碍患者的", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,24岁,因心悸、多食、消瘦、月经量少就诊,经查体及实验检查确诊为Graves病,病人幼年时有哮喘史,下列何种药物应禁忌?(  )", "options": {"A": "他巴唑(甲巯咪唑)", "B": "卡比马唑", "C": "甲状腺素片", "D": "普萘洛尔"}, "answer": "普萘洛尔", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.可引起假膜性肠炎的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "B": "肺炎链球菌", "C": "淋病奈瑟菌", "D": "脑膜炎奈瑟菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,4岁。眼睑水肿2周就诊。查体:血红蛋白97g/L,尿蛋白(++),尿红细胞+/HP,尿比重1.026,血白蛋白27g/L,胆固醇9.8mmol/L,C3为460mg/L,该患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯性肾病", "B": "慢性肾炎急性发作", "C": "急性肾盂肾炎", "D": "肾炎性肾病"}, "answer": "肾炎性肾病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于医学心理学的研究方法正确的观点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心理学最基本的研究方法是观察法和实验法", "B": "观察法的观察是指对被观察者的外显行为进行观察、测量以及记录", "C": "实验法的数据资料收集需要观察获得", "D": "以上均正确"}, "answer": "以上均正确", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "神经衰弱的最佳治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "工娱疗法", "B": "生物反馈训练", "C": "抗焦虑药物", "D": "心理治疗与药物治疗相结合"}, "answer": "心理治疗与药物治疗相结合", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "霍奇金淋巴瘤的独特点在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "发生在淋巴结的恶性肿瘤", "B": "含瘤巨细胞即R-S细胞", "C": "有炎细胞浸润", "D": "可发生纤维化"}, "answer": "含瘤巨细胞即R-S细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "腹部闭合性损伤导致下列某一部位破裂时,症状出现最晚的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结肠", "B": "十二指肠球部", "C": "回肠", "D": "空肠"}, "answer": "十二指肠球部", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.属于TI抗原的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素", "B": "二硝基苯酚", "C": "脂多糖", "D": "BSA"}, "answer": "脂多糖", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "执业医师的权利是(  )。", "options": {"A": "依法参与所在机构的民主管理", "B": "保护患者隐私", "C": "努力钻研业务", "D": "遵守技术操作规范"}, "answer": "依法参与所在机构的民主管理", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "50岁女性,车祸3小时入院,诊断:骨盆骨折,左股骨干骨折及左胫骨开放性骨折,首先应密切观察的是哪种并发症?(  )", "options": {"A": "休克", "B": "泌尿系感染", "C": "创口感染", "D": "坠积性肺炎"}, "answer": "休克", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "可作为人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)受体的表面分子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD20", "B": "CD3", "C": "CD4", "D": "CD8"}, "answer": "CD4", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "髋关节全关节结核合并冷脓肿形成,诊断确定后最好应(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即进行切开引流", "B": "应用抗结核药物2~4周后行病灶清除术", "C": "应用抗结核药物2~4周后行脓肿搔刮", "D": "髋“人”字石膏固定,并应用抗结核药物"}, "answer": "应用抗结核药物2~4周后行病灶清除术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于半抗原的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "既有免疫原性,又有抗原性", "B": "具有抗原性,而没有免疫原性", "C": "具有免疫原性,而没有抗原性", "D": "既没有免疫原性,也没有抗原性"}, "answer": "具有抗原性,而没有免疫原性", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,39岁。呕血、黑便1天。既往肝炎病史20年。查体:贫血貌,巩膜轻度黄染,腹膨隆,肝肋下8cm,腹水征(++++)。需要立即实施的措施中不包括的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉滴注生长抑素", "B": "急诊胃镜检查、止血", "C": "开腹探查止血", "D": "输血、输液"}, "answer": "开腹探查止血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,50岁。右侧腹股沟斜疝嵌顿8小时入院。急症手术中发现嵌顿入疝囊的回肠有约5cm坏死,行坏死回肠切除、肠吻合术。对伤口进行彻底清洗后,无明显炎症表现。疝的处理应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯疝囊高位结扎术", "B": "Bassini法疝修补术", "C": "Halsted法疝修补术", "D": "无张力疝修补术"}, "answer": "单纯疝囊高位结扎术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有一患者伤后表现为单侧坐骨神经痛及腰痛,直腿抬高试验及加强试验阳性,脊柱侧弯,踝反射异常,足趾跖屈力减退,此时最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰椎间盘突出症", "B": "类风湿性脊柱炎", "C": "腰椎骶化", "D": "慢性腰肌劳损"}, "answer": "腰椎间盘突出症", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于心理治疗,以下哪项不正确(  )。", "options": {"A": "运用的是心理学的理论", "B": "心理治疗可以治疗好所有心理障碍", "C": "保密是心理治疗的道德原则", "D": "良好的医患关系是心理治疗取得效果的根本保证"}, "answer": "心理治疗可以治疗好所有心理障碍", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "心理健康不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "智力正常", "B": "情绪乐观", "C": "意识清晰", "D": "人格健全"}, "answer": "意识清晰", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "骨髓细胞学检查不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "巨核细胞计数与分类", "B": "有核细胞增生程度", "C": "骨髓染色体分析", "D": "细胞形态变化"}, "answer": "骨髓染色体分析", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列再生障碍性贫血的描述哪些错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "铁剂、叶酸治疗无效", "B": "浆细胞单核淋巴细胞等非造血细胞增多", "C": "巨核细胞数量减少", "D": "慢性病例,贫血感染出血较轻"}, "answer": "慢性病例,贫血感染出血较轻", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于SLE描述不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫复合物的形成及沉积是SLE发病的主要机制", "B": "抗Sm抗体特异性高达99%", "C": "几乎所有患者的肾组织均有病理变化", "D": "补体C3升高"}, "answer": "补体C3升高", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.Rb基因的定义是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结构基因", "B": "抑癌基因", "C": "癌基因", "D": "操纵基因"}, "answer": "抑癌基因", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "限制性内切酶的作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "切开变性的DNA", "B": "特异切开双链DNA", "C": "特异切开单链DNA", "D": "连接断开的单链DNA"}, "answer": "特异切开双链DNA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "髓外硬脊膜内肿瘤的临床表现不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "椎管梗阻程度较重", "B": "脊髓损害常自一侧开始", "C": "感觉障碍呈上行性进展", "D": "尿便障碍较早出现"}, "answer": "尿便障碍较早出现", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "由红细胞膜异常引起的贫血性疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "镰状细胞贫血", "B": "蚕豆病", "C": "地中海贫血", "D": "遗传性球形细胞增多症"}, "answer": "遗传性球形细胞增多症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,28岁。40分钟前至2楼阳台上跌下,枕部着地,伤后即昏迷。入院时查体:P 50次/分、BP 140/90mmHg。深度昏迷,双侧瞳孔直径5mm。对光反射迟钝,四肢强直,双侧Babinski征阳性。在急诊科静脉输入20%甘露醇250ml后,进一步有效的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头颅ECT", "B": "头颅X线片", "C": "头颅MRI", "D": "头颅CT"}, "answer": "头颅CT", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,50岁,因右前臂卷入机器引起右手伸直困难,伴轻度疼痛。检查:右上臂和右前臂均肿胀,无皮肤挫裂伤,右手手指不能伸直,右肘和腕关节活动良好,X线片未见骨折,诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "桡神经损伤(位于肘部以下)", "B": "桡神经损伤(位于肘部以上)", "C": "桡神经损伤(位于腋部)", "D": "桡神经浅支损伤"}, "answer": "桡神经损伤(位于肘部以下)", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,35岁。肛周皮下有一深部脓肿。一端向体表穿破,另一端向直肠穿孔,不断有脓、粪液流出,此管道应称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "空洞", "B": "脱肛", "C": "蜂窝织炎", "D": "瘘管"}, "answer": "瘘管", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "以下哪项是脑出血最常见的原因?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑动脉瘤", "B": "高血压合并动脉硬化", "C": "动脉粥样硬化", "D": "脑血管畸形"}, "answer": "高血压合并动脉硬化", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.大剂量地塞米松抑制试验可被抑制(  )。", "options": {"A": "Cushing病", "B": "Addison病", "C": "单纯性肥胖", "D": "原发性醛固酮增多症"}, "answer": "Cushing病", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "11月下旬,一名8个月婴儿来门诊就诊,呕吐腹泻2天伴发热流涕,大便10次/日,水样便,呕吐4~6次/日。查体:皮肤干燥,弹性差,口唇樱红,腱反射弱。大便镜检:WBC0~1/HP,下列治疗措施不恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "及时足量、足疗程给予抗生素", "B": "根据脱水程度进行补液", "C": "补液的同时纠正酸中毒", "D": "有尿后,静脉补钾浓度为0.2%"}, "answer": "及时足量、足疗程给予抗生素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女婴,4个月,腹泻、中度脱水,经静脉补液后脱水纠正,突然出现精神委靡、嗜睡、呼吸变浅,心率140次/分,心音低钝腹胀,膝反射未引出。血清钠145mmol/L、钾3.2mmol/L。ECG示窦性心动过速,T波低平。2.对患儿应立即给予(  )。", "options": {"A": "10%葡萄糖酸钙10ml稀释后静脉注射", "B": "血浆20ml/kg静脉滴注", "C": "10%氯化钾3~4ml/kg加入液体中静脉滴注", "D": "10%氯化钾1~2ml/kg加入液体中静脉滴注"}, "answer": "10%氯化钾3~4ml/kg加入液体中静脉滴注", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "子宫内膜增生症对机体最大的危害是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癌变", "B": "导致不孕症", "C": "导致功能性子宫出血", "D": "导致性激素水平的紊乱"}, "answer": "癌变", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,35岁。反复右腰部绞痛伴血尿,KUB见右肾结石,长径1.8cm。IVU见右肾轻度积水,输尿管显影正常。首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "经皮肾镜碎石取石", "B": "体外冲击波碎石", "C": "药物排石", "D": "抗炎治疗"}, "answer": "体外冲击波碎石", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "洋地黄中毒时心脏毒性最常见的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心律失常", "B": "黄视或绿视", "C": "胸痛", "D": "咯血"}, "answer": "心律失常", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不是细菌侵袭性酶的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "透明质酸酶", "B": "血浆凝固酶", "C": "链激酶(SK)", "D": "溶菌酶"}, "answer": "溶菌酶", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.易并发血磷过低的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服加胃肠外补充电解质", "B": "口服为主", "C": "管饲为主", "D": "胃肠外营养"}, "answer": "胃肠外营养", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,28岁,有不洁性交史和吸毒史,近半年来出现体重下降、腹泻、发热,反复出现口腔真菌感染,初诊为AIDS。确诊时需要参考下列哪项主要检测指标?(  )", "options": {"A": "HIV相应的抗体", "B": "AIDS患者的补体", "C": "HIV相关的CD8+细胞", "D": "HIV相关的CD4+细胞"}, "answer": "HIV相应的抗体", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一例38岁女性病人,双肾上腺手术后5年,病理为增生,近3年消瘦,进行性皮肤色素沉着,头痛伴视力下降,垂体CT示蝶鞍明显扩大,初步诊断为Nelson综合征,最不符合诊断的检查结果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血皮质醇高", "B": "血N-pomc高", "C": "血糖低", "D": "血ACTH明显升高"}, "answer": "血皮质醇高", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.黄体功能不足的体温特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "基础体温单相,无低温相", "B": "基础体温双相,高温相下降缓慢", "C": "基础体温双相,高温相短", "D": "基础体温单相,无高温相"}, "answer": "基础体温双相,高温相短", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.动脉粥样硬化的纤维斑块是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞水肿", "B": "结缔组织玻璃样变", "C": "血管壁玻璃样变", "D": "细胞内玻璃样变"}, "answer": "结缔组织玻璃样变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.直接暴力可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "粉碎性骨折", "B": "疲劳性骨折", "C": "压缩性骨折", "D": "撕脱性骨折"}, "answer": "粉碎性骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.房间隔缺损X线检查可见(  )。", "options": {"A": "右房、右室大", "B": "左房、左室大", "C": "左、右室大、左房也大", "D": "右室大"}, "answer": "右房、右室大", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对心理实质正确全面的理解是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是人脑对客观现实的主观能动的反映", "B": "心理是客观现实的反映", "C": "心理是主观想象的反映", "D": "心理是客观现实的主观反映"}, "answer": "是人脑对客观现实的主观能动的反映", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男性。50岁,1个月前因右股骨干骨折行内固定术,起床时突然晕厥,持续约20分钟。查体:血压80/50mmHg,脉搏120次/min,右肺下呼吸音弱,D-二聚体790μg/L,诊断急性肺栓塞。2.急性肺栓塞溶栓的绝对禁忌证是(  )。", "options": {"A": "近期曾行心肺复苏", "B": "血小板<100×109/L", "C": "严重肝功能不全", "D": "活动性内出血和近期自发性颅内出血"}, "answer": "活动性内出血和近期自发性颅内出血", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "子痫发作时孕妇的直接死因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏病", "B": "脑出血", "C": "急性重型肝炎", "D": "急性肾功能衰竭"}, "answer": "脑出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5岁小儿,结核菌素试验72h,注射局部出现水疱和坏死,硬结直径为20mm。判断结果为(  )。", "options": {"A": "(-)", "B": "(+)", "C": "(+++)", "D": "(++++)"}, "answer": "(++++)", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.长期缺乏维生素B1引起的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "坏血病", "B": "夜盲症", "C": "脚气病", "D": "佝偻病"}, "answer": "脚气病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "腰椎管狭窄症典型的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "行走时出现腰痛", "B": "行走时出现腿痛", "C": "行走时出现尿意", "D": "下肢神经源性间歇性跛行"}, "answer": "下肢神经源性间歇性跛行", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,50岁,因头晕2年就诊,门诊查心率70次/min,血压165/85mmHg,余未发现异常,以高血压收住院。2.为了对该患者进行心血管危险分层,下列哪项对分层无意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "性别", "B": "血脂", "C": "饮食习惯", "D": "心血管病家族史"}, "answer": "饮食习惯", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "危重症哮喘患者的临床表现,下列哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "双肺哮鸣音响亮", "B": "血压下降", "C": "奇脉", "D": "意识模糊"}, "answer": "双肺哮鸣音响亮", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "慢性血吸虫虫卵结节的特征的病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核结节", "B": "假结核结节", "C": "风湿结节", "D": "炎性结节"}, "answer": "假结核结节", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胸腔穿刺的指征不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "穿刺胸膜腔给药", "B": "检查胸腔积液的性质", "C": "疑为恶性胸腔积液者", "D": "常在CT引导下穿刺"}, "answer": "常在CT引导下穿刺", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "食管癌最常见的组织学类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺癌", "B": "鳞癌", "C": "印戒细胞癌", "D": "小细胞癌"}, "answer": "鳞癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "钩端螺旋体病最常见的临床类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "流感伤寒型", "B": "黄疸出血型", "C": "肾衰竭型", "D": "脑膜脑炎型"}, "answer": "流感伤寒型", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "提示室性心动过速的特征性心电图改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "QRS波群交替", "B": "室性融合波", "C": "P波与QRS波群传导比例为1:2", "D": "心动过速由房性期前收缩诱发"}, "answer": "室性融合波", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某患者,竞争意识强,总想胜过他人,老觉得时间不够用,说话快,走路快,脾气暴躁,容易激动,常与他人意见不一致。其行为类型属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "A型行为", "B": "B型行为", "C": "AB混合型行为", "D": "BC混合型行为"}, "answer": "A型行为", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.交感性眼炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "隐蔽抗原", "B": "修饰抗原", "C": "抗独特型抗体", "D": "交叉反应性抗体"}, "answer": "隐蔽抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,65岁。右侧阴囊逐渐增大5年,无疼痛。查体:右侧阴囊肿大,大小约15cm×10cm,呈囊性,未触及睾丸,透光试验阳性。首先应该考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "睾丸炎", "B": "精索静脉曲张", "C": "睾丸肿瘤", "D": "睾丸鞘膜积液"}, "answer": "睾丸鞘膜积液", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有关心理测验的原则,以下哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "符合评估的目的", "B": "常模样本符合被试的条件", "C": "可以直接使用国外的测验工具", "D": "要对被试的信息保密"}, "answer": "可以直接使用国外的测验工具", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男婴,11个月,母乳喂养,近3个月来面色渐苍白,间断腹泻,原可站立,现坐不稳,手足常颤抖。查体:面色萎黄,略浮肿,表情呆滞。血象:血红蛋白80g/L,红细胞2.0×1012/L,白细胞6.0×109/L。1.该患儿可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大脑发育不全", "B": "维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症", "C": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病", "D": "营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血"}, "answer": "营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "二尖瓣狭窄患者最常见的心律失常是(  )。", "options": {"A": "三度房室传导阻滞", "B": "心室颤动", "C": "室性心动过速", "D": "心房颤动"}, "answer": "心房颤动", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,50岁。咳嗽,间断咯血3个月,咳大量脓痰伴发热1周来诊,吸烟史30年,胸部X线片示左下肺阴影伴空洞,洞壁厚薄不一,有液平,诊断为肺脓肿。该患者应首先考虑的基础疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺血管炎", "B": "支气管肺癌", "C": "支气管扩张", "D": "支气管囊肿"}, "answer": "支气管扩张", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是移植排斥反应损伤机制中能激活CTL,NK杀伤移植物,使B细胞产生Ab,介导ADCC的细胞因子?(  )", "options": {"A": "γ-IFN", "B": "α-TNF", "C": "IL-2", "D": "IL-4"}, "answer": "IL-2", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述病变哪项是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "慢性肝淤血晚期,脂肪变性主要位于肝小叶周围", "B": "贫血时心肌脂肪变呈弥漫分布", "C": "白喉杆菌外毒素引起心肌脂肪变性,乳头肌常呈红黄相间", "D": "磷中毒时肝脂肪变性主要位于小叶中心"}, "answer": "慢性肝淤血晚期,脂肪变性主要位于肝小叶周围", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.细胞内含量最多的核糖核酸是(  )。", "options": {"A": "DNA", "B": "mRNA", "C": "rRNA", "D": "蛋白质"}, "answer": "rRNA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "初产妇,27岁。妊娠宫缩12小时。妇科检查:胎头高浮,宫口开大3cm。胎头枕骨靠近骶岬,胎心140/分。最恰当的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉滴注地诺前列酮", "B": "尽早剖宫产术", "C": "等待宫口开全产钳助娩", "D": "等待经阴道分娩"}, "answer": "尽早剖宫产术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "临床预防服务的主要内容不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "化学预防", "B": "健康咨询", "C": "免疫接种", "D": "药物治疗"}, "answer": "药物治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于生长因子受体的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "与配体结合后可变构,并且二聚化", "B": "为跨膜蛋白质", "C": "其丝(苏)氨酸残基可被自身磷酸化", "D": "磷酸化后参与信息传递"}, "answer": "其丝(苏)氨酸残基可被自身磷酸化", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,57岁。突然神志丧失,呼吸不规则,即刻进行心脏按压,判断其是否有效的主要方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "摸桡动脉搏动", "B": "摸股动脉搏动", "C": "呼喊患者看其是否清醒", "D": "测血压"}, "answer": "摸股动脉搏动", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.作为医学伦理学基本范畴的审慎指(  )。", "options": {"A": "医学关系中的主体在道义上应享有的权力和利益", "B": "医学关系中的主体在道义上应履行的职责和使命", "C": "医学关系中的主体在道义上对周围人、事及自身的内心体验和感受", "D": "医学关系中的主体表现出行为前的周密思考和行为中的谨慎负责"}, "answer": "医学关系中的主体表现出行为前的周密思考和行为中的谨慎负责", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "诊断肺心病的心电图检查主要条件不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "电轴右偏、额面平均电轴≥+90°", "B": "重度顺钟向转位", "C": "右束支传导阻滞", "D": "V1R/S≥1"}, "answer": "右束支传导阻滞", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.饮水消毒用(  )。", "options": {"A": "高压蒸汽灭菌", "B": "干烤", "C": "滤过除菌", "D": "煮沸消毒"}, "answer": "煮沸消毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "高温环境中体温调节障碍的主要标志是(  )。", "options": {"A": "出现休克", "B": "皮肤干热", "C": "体温降低", "D": "体温升高"}, "answer": "体温升高", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有眼睑下垂的重症肌无力患者,还可能有的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "调节反射消失", "B": "眼球向内、上、下运动受限,复视", "C": "眼球震颤", "D": "角结膜反射消失"}, "answer": "眼球向内、上、下运动受限,复视", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以下不适合用输尿管镜碎石的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "输尿管狭窄", "B": "结石停留时间较长", "C": "患侧肾积水", "D": "肥胖患者"}, "answer": "输尿管狭窄", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "慢性阻塞性肺病最常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管扩张", "B": "慢性支气管炎", "C": "肺结核球", "D": "肺脓肿"}, "answer": "慢性支气管炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胆碱酯酶复能药的药理作用中不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "提高全血胆碱酯酶活性", "B": "恢复已经老化的胆碱酯酶活性", "C": "与磷酰化胆碱酯酶中的磷形成结合物", "D": "减轻烟碱样症状"}, "answer": "恢复已经老化的胆碱酯酶活性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在突触传递过程中,以下哪项是引起递质释放的关键因素?(  )", "options": {"A": "前膜内侧负电位的大小", "B": "Ca2+进入突触前末梢", "C": "前膜内轴浆黏度的高低", "D": "突触前膜发生去极化"}, "answer": "Ca2+进入突触前末梢", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.正常小儿前囟闭合最晚的年龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1岁半", "B": "1岁8个月", "C": "2岁半", "D": "3岁"}, "answer": "1岁半", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "由病人的家长、家属或他人作出求医的决定属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "强制求医型", "B": "被动求医型", "C": "本人不愿求医", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "被动求医型", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.足月儿的外观特点之一是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤发亮,水肿毳毛多", "B": "皮肤色红润,皮下脂肪丰满,毳毛少", "C": "肝葡萄糖醛酸基转移酶活性低", "D": "呼吸常不规则,甚至呼吸暂停"}, "answer": "皮肤色红润,皮下脂肪丰满,毳毛少", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "类风湿关节炎最先受累的关节是(  )。", "options": {"A": "远端指间关节", "B": "近端指间关节", "C": "肘关节", "D": "肩关节"}, "answer": "近端指间关节", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪个组织和器官具有内分泌功能(  )。", "options": {"A": "泪腺", "B": "前庭大腺", "C": "肾", "D": "肝"}, "answer": "肾", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "伤寒杆菌的下述特点中哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "在水中存活2—3周,在粪便中存活l个月", "B": "煮沸立即被杀死", "C": "消毒饮水余氯每升达0.2~0.4mg时,可迅速致死", "D": "有菌体和鞭毛两种抗原,且均产生相应的抗体"}, "answer": "有菌体和鞭毛两种抗原,且均产生相应的抗体", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "6岁,女孩,出生后反复患呼吸道感染,平时少活动。查体:无发绀,心前区稍隆起,胸骨左缘第3、4肋间Ⅲ级粗糙全收缩杂音,伴震颤,肺动脉第二音亢进。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉导管未闭", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "肺动脉狭窄"}, "answer": "室间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医师在执业活动中,有下述行为之一的,予以警告或责令暂停6个月以上1年以下执业活动,情节严重的,吊销其执业证书,构成犯罪的,追究其刑事责任,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "发生医疗纠纷的", "B": "泄露患者隐私,造成严重后果的", "C": "未经患者或者其家属同意,对患者进行实验性临床医疗的", "D": "发生自然灾害、突发重大伤亡事故等紧急情况时,不服从卫生行政部门调遣的"}, "answer": "发生医疗纠纷的", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性有机磷农药中毒最主要的死因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾功能衰竭", "B": "中毒性休克", "C": "呼吸衰竭", "D": "脑水肿"}, "answer": "呼吸衰竭", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于重症肌无力下列哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "症状常晨轻暮重,重复活动后加重、休息后减轻", "B": "是一种获得性自身免疫性疾病", "C": "抗胆碱酯酶药物治疗有效", "D": "腾喜龙(依酚氯铵)试验阴性"}, "answer": "腾喜龙(依酚氯铵)试验阴性", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "乳腺癌时局部皮肤橘皮样外观主要是由于癌细胞(  )。", "options": {"A": "阻塞淋巴管,皮肤水肿,毛囊汗腺处皮肤相对下陷", "B": "压迫局部静脉,造成淤血水肿", "C": "引起局部组织炎性渗出、水肿", "D": "阻塞乳腺导管,造成乳汁淤积"}, "answer": "阻塞淋巴管,皮肤水肿,毛囊汗腺处皮肤相对下陷", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿以哪种肺炎多见?(  )", "options": {"A": "支气管肺炎", "B": "大叶性肺炎", "C": "间质性肺炎", "D": "慢性肺炎"}, "answer": "支气管肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "微循环中参与体温调节的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "迂回通路", "B": "动静脉短路", "C": "直捷通路", "D": "微动脉"}, "answer": "动静脉短路", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于血液粘滞性的叙述,错误的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "与水相比,血液的粘滞性为4~5", "B": "血浆的粘滞性主要决定于血浆蛋白质的含量", "C": "血流速度显著减慢时,血液粘滞性相对减小", "D": "血液粘滞性与血流阻力成正比"}, "answer": "血流速度显著减慢时,血液粘滞性相对减小", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,43岁,近20年来每年发作一次鬼神附体,以大仙口气说话,要求父亲烧香拜佛,持续数小时后痊愈,一个半月前开始疲乏无力,不认家人,好忘事,小便尿在裤内,右侧轻偏瘫,右手拿不住东西,好跟别人说话。既往史:23岁时有冶游史。神经系统检查:两侧瞳孔不等大,右瞳孔边缘不整齐,左侧椭圆形,右侧瞳孔光反射消失。1.哪一项检查最有必要?(  )", "options": {"A": "EEG", "B": "心理测验", "C": "康华试验", "D": "头部CT"}, "answer": "康华试验", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一青年工人抬重物后感觉腰痛,检查时发现骶棘肌紧张,仰卧检查直腿抬高试验阳性,在屈髋、屈膝姿势下将双膝向腹部推压时疼痛加剧,俯卧位检查时腰部肌肉压痛,正确的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊柱滑脱", "B": "急性腰扭伤", "C": "腰间盘脱出症", "D": "急性肌筋膜炎"}, "answer": "急性腰扭伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于正常人胰液的分泌的描述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胰液的pH约为8", "B": "胰液的碳酸氢钠含量较高", "C": "胰液中含有羧基肽酶", "D": "胰液的分泌以神经调节为主"}, "answer": "胰液的分泌以神经调节为主", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是腺垂体功能减退症最常见原因?(  )", "options": {"A": "希恩(Sheehan)综合征", "B": "各种垂体肿瘤", "C": "原发性空蝶鞍症", "D": "糖尿病血管病变"}, "answer": "各种垂体肿瘤", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "确诊消化性溃疡首选的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线", "B": "幽门螺旋杆菌检测", "C": "胃镜", "D": "胃液分析"}, "answer": "胃镜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "初产妇,27岁。妊娠32周,阴道少量流血及规律腹痛2小时。肛门检查:宫颈管消失,宫口开大1.5cm。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "先兆早产", "B": "胎盘早剥", "C": "前置胎盘", "D": "晚期流产"}, "answer": "先兆早产", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "婴幼儿支气管肺炎所致的支气管扩张(  )。", "options": {"A": "多发生于左下叶支气管", "B": "常伴鼻窦炎及内脏转位", "C": "好发部位位于上叶尖后段或下叶背段", "D": "血清内可含有抑制支气管柱状上皮细胞纤毛活动的物质"}, "answer": "多发生于左下叶支气管", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.上述哪项突出体现医德情感的作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "某地一些临床名家自发组织了X俱乐部,其活动宗旨是:定期聚会,坦诚交待自己误诊误治的情况并互相交流体会", "B": "一位急诊病人被送到医院,因其满身血污,其他病人及其家属见了忙掩鼻躲开,而应诊医护人员则顾不得脏不脏,出于责任心赶紧给病人做检查和处置", "C": "某科室常常针对所要解决的医德医风问题向住院病人做出改善服务的承诺", "D": "在病人及其家属的一再恳求下,某手术组决心为一高龄病人做心脏手术,但手术前这个手术组提出必须先去做公证"}, "answer": "一位急诊病人被送到医院,因其满身血污,其他病人及其家属见了忙掩鼻躲开,而应诊医护人员则顾不得脏不脏,出于责任心赶紧给病人做检查和处置", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,28岁,跳舞时突感剧烈头痛、呕吐,脑膜刺激征阳性,无肢瘫。应首先做何种辅助检查来确定诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑超声血流", "B": "脑电图", "C": "腰穿", "D": "头颅CT"}, "answer": "腰穿", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,25岁。工地高空坠落受伤,出现血压下降,腹胀,腹痛。查体见髂骨挤压分离试验阳性,双下肢不等长,会阴部瘀斑。首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "股骨颈骨折", "B": "股骨干骨折", "C": "髋关节脱位", "D": "骨盆骨折"}, "answer": "骨盆骨折", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.β-内酰胺类(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制细菌细胞壁合成", "B": "抑制细菌DNA依赖的RNA聚合酶", "C": "抑制细菌二氢叶酸还原酶", "D": "抑制细菌DNA合成"}, "answer": "抑制细菌细胞壁合成", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.仅浸润黏膜层及黏膜下层的胃肠道癌称(  )。", "options": {"A": "交界性肿瘤", "B": "早期癌", "C": "恶性肿瘤", "D": "癌前病变"}, "answer": "早期癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,65岁。5月前无明确原因咳嗽、咳痰,痰中带血,MRI示大脑半球皮质多个小类圆形低信号影,提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑囊虫", "B": "脑梗死", "C": "脑转移瘤", "D": "脑软化灶"}, "answer": "脑转移瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项。为高血压病时的肾脏病理变化表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "颗粒性固缩肾", "B": "肾脏单发性贫血性梗死", "C": "肾动脉动脉瘤形成", "D": "肾脏淤血"}, "answer": "颗粒性固缩肾", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "病员行胃大部切除,胃空肠吻合术。手术操作无误,术后状态良好。第5天感到张口、下咽困难,第6天出现角弓反张、抽搐,诊断为破伤风,经医院抢救无效,于10月11日死亡。患者家属找到区卫生行政部门申诉。经区医疗事故鉴定委员会鉴定,不属事故,10月31日区卫生行政部门判定为医院无责任,并将通知书交与家属。家属仍不服。家属可以向上一级卫生行政部门申请复议,有效期限是(  )。", "options": {"A": "11月7日前", "B": "11月10日前", "C": "11月15日前", "D": "11月30日前"}, "answer": "11月15日前", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.确认甲亢内科治疗是否可停药首选检查(  )。", "options": {"A": "FT3、FT4", "B": "TT3、TT4", "C": "TRAb", "D": "甲状腺摄131I率"}, "answer": "TRAb", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述5种药物中,治疗指数最大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙药LD50=100mg,ED50=50mg", "B": "甲药LD50=50mg,ED50=100mg", "C": "丁药LD50=50mg,ED50=10mg", "D": "戊药LD50=100mg,ED50=25mg"}, "answer": "丁药LD50=50mg,ED50=10mg", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "钩端螺旋体病的主要流行季节是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2~5月", "B": "3~6月", "C": "6~10月", "D": "10~12月"}, "answer": "6~10月", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.未经患者或者其家属同意,对患者进行实验性治疗的,由卫生行政部门给予的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "暂停执业活动三个月至六个月", "B": "暂停执业活动六个月至一年", "C": "给予行政处分", "D": "吊销医师执业证书"}, "answer": "暂停执业活动六个月至一年", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在下列医务人员的行为中,不符合有利原则的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "与解除病人的痛苦有关", "B": "可能解除病人的疾苦", "C": "使病人受益,但却给别人造成了较大的伤害", "D": "在人体实验中,可能使受试者暂不得益,但却使社会、后代收益很大"}, "answer": "使病人受益,但却给别人造成了较大的伤害", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "衡量某病和某暴露因素间联系强度的最佳指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "暴露者的发病率", "B": "暴露者的死亡率", "C": "暴露者的致残率", "D": "相对危险度"}, "answer": "相对危险度", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪类疾病目前不能采用介入治疗方法?(  )", "options": {"A": "冠心病心绞痛", "B": "阵发性窒性心动过速", "C": "肥厚型梗阻性心肌病", "D": "缩窄性心包炎"}, "answer": "缩窄性心包炎", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于内分泌疾病的治疗正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "凡激素水平低者均需替代治疗", "B": "手术切除分泌亢进的腺体是最好的治疗", "C": "有些治疗是根据反馈原理设计的", "D": "症状改善,激素水平正常是停止内分泌治疗的指征"}, "answer": "有些治疗是根据反馈原理设计的", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.次黄嘌呤类似物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "8-氮杂鸟嘌呤", "B": "甲氨蝶呤", "C": "5-氟尿嘧啶", "D": "别嘌呤醇"}, "answer": "别嘌呤醇", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男婴,足月自然分娩,脐绕颈1周,Apgar评分1分钟与5分钟分别是3分、7分,体检:小儿易激惹,拥抱反射增强,肌张力增高,偶有惊厥。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿破伤风", "B": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病", "C": "新生儿脑膜炎", "D": "新生儿低钙血症"}, "answer": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.容易漏诊,死亡率高的损伤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结肠破裂", "B": "脾破裂", "C": "肝破裂", "D": "胰腺损伤"}, "answer": "胰腺损伤", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,女,4岁,其母患结核性胸膜炎,故来体检。双肺听诊呼吸音粗,胸部透视未见异常,欲做“OT”试验。2.观测反应结果应在(  )。", "options": {"A": "15分钟", "B": "30分钟", "C": "12~24小时", "D": "48~72小时"}, "answer": "48~72小时", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列属于生物-心理-社会医学模式观点的(  )。", "options": {"A": "心理对健康和疾病有能动作用", "B": "心身是统一的", "C": "在健康和疾病问题上应将人视为一个整体", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "鉴别结核性与病毒性脑膜炎最有意义的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑脊液压力", "B": "糖、氯化物是否降低", "C": "脑脊液细胞数", "D": "蛋白增高的程度"}, "answer": "糖、氯化物是否降低", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.肠伤寒的肠溃疡特征(  )。", "options": {"A": "溃疡呈长椭圆形与肠的长轴平行", "B": "溃疡呈烧瓶状口小底大", "C": "溃疡边缘呈堤状隆起", "D": "溃疡表浅呈地图状"}, "answer": "溃疡呈长椭圆形与肠的长轴平行", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,24岁,2年来有发作性神志丧失、四肢抽搐,服药不规则。今日凌晨开始又有发作,意识一直不清醒。来院后又有一次四肢抽搐发作。2.此病例属下述哪种状态?(  )", "options": {"A": "癫痫持续状态", "B": "复杂部分发作继全面性发作", "C": "癫痫强直一阵挛发作", "D": "癫痫发作后昏睡期"}, "answer": "癫痫持续状态", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列各项中不符合肺心病体征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺动脉区第二音(P2)亢进", "B": "剑突下示心脏搏动", "C": "下肢水肿", "D": "心浊音界向左下扩大"}, "answer": "心浊音界向左下扩大", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心导管检查右心室血氧含量高于右心房的先心病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "动脉导管未闭", "D": "肺动脉狭窄"}, "answer": "室间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医疗机构在药品购销中暗中收受回扣或者其他利益,依法对其给予罚款处罚的机关是(  )。", "options": {"A": "药品监督管理部门", "B": "工商行政管理部门", "C": "劳动保障行政部门", "D": "中医药管理部门"}, "answer": "工商行政管理部门", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "感知是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "客观刺激作用于感觉器官而被意识到的过程", "B": "对客观事物的错误感受", "C": "客观刺激作用于人脑的过程", "D": "对客观事物个别属性的反映"}, "answer": "客观刺激作用于感觉器官而被意识到的过程", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.肺鳞癌的主要播散途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "经血液", "B": "经淋巴", "C": "腹腔病变直接蔓延", "D": "腰椎病变直接蔓延"}, "answer": "经淋巴", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男性,车祸伤及头部,伤后出现左侧鼻唇沟变浅,鼻出血,左耳听力下降,左外耳道流出淡血性液体。诊断首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅中窝骨折", "B": "颅后窝骨折", "C": "左颞骨骨折", "D": "脑震荡"}, "answer": "颅中窝骨折", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.子宫内膜癌与哪项有关?(  )", "options": {"A": "增殖期子宫内膜", "B": "子宫内膜部分分泌、部分增生期变化", "C": "子宫内膜腺囊型增生过长", "D": "子宫内膜腺瘤型增生过长"}, "answer": "子宫内膜腺瘤型增生过长", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.病人的义务(  )。", "options": {"A": "享有知情同意权", "B": "解释、说明的义务", "C": "真实提供病情,并积极配合治疗的义务", "D": "恪守职业道德,对患者一视同仁"}, "answer": "真实提供病情,并积极配合治疗的义务", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,26岁,左乳房外上象限内3cm圆形光滑肿块已8个月,质韧、活动佳,可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "佩吉特乳头病", "B": "纤维腺瘤", "C": "乳房囊性增生病", "D": "结核"}, "answer": "纤维腺瘤", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "正常人血中NPN含量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "8.24~14.28mmol/L", "B": "10.28~14.28mmol/L", "C": "14.28~24.99mmol/L", "D": "24.99~32.24mmol/L"}, "answer": "14.28~24.99mmol/L", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有关高血压并发症,下列项不正确?(  )。", "options": {"A": "心、脑、肾等器官是主要受累脏器", "B": "恶性高血压以脑并发症最为突出", "C": "脑卒中的发病率比心肌梗死高5倍左右", "D": "高血压脑病症状出现可能与脑水肿有关"}, "answer": "恶性高血压以脑并发症最为突出", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,21岁,胫腓骨开放性粉碎性骨折,伤后4小时入院治疗的重点应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "行跟骨牵引、创面清创不缝合", "B": "清创缝合确保伤口一期愈合", "C": "胫腓骨骨折的切开复位内固定", "D": "腓骨骨折的切开复位内固定"}, "answer": "清创缝合确保伤口一期愈合", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性CO中毒,下述哪一项治疗是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "脱离现场,转移到空气新鲜的地方", "B": "防治肺水肿", "C": "控制高热", "D": "首先注射苏醒剂"}, "answer": "首先注射苏醒剂", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.能产生溶原状态的噬菌体称(  )。", "options": {"A": "温和噬菌体", "B": "前噬菌体", "C": "溶原性细菌", "D": "L型细菌"}, "answer": "温和噬菌体", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "治疗黏液性水肿的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲巯眯唑", "B": "碘制剂", "C": "甲状腺素", "D": "卡比马唑"}, "answer": "甲状腺素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,4岁,发热伴有咽痛、大关节疼痛、眨眼、皱眉、四指舞蹈样动作,诊断为风湿热,给予抗感染抗风湿常规治疗外,还应加用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "洋地黄制剂", "B": "糖皮质激素", "C": "苯巴比妥", "D": "大剂量青霉素"}, "answer": "苯巴比妥", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.双侧耻骨支骨折或耻骨联合分离最易合并(  )。", "options": {"A": "髂内外血管破裂", "B": "尿道损伤", "C": "直肠损伤", "D": "骶神经损伤"}, "answer": "尿道损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在疟疾的表现中(典型),错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有完全缓解间歇", "B": "脾肿大", "C": "白细胞增多,中性粒细胞升高", "D": "贫血"}, "answer": "白细胞增多,中性粒细胞升高", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.痈肿(  )。", "options": {"A": "具有两端开口的病理性通道", "B": "表面或黏膜上皮坏死脱落形成较深缺损", "C": "单个毛囊发生的化脓性炎", "D": "多个毛囊发生的化脓性炎"}, "answer": "多个毛囊发生的化脓性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项属于真核细胞型微生物?(  )", "options": {"A": "立克次体", "B": "白色念珠菌", "C": "衣氏放线菌", "D": "肺炎支原体"}, "answer": "白色念珠菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.纲菌荚膜多糖水解物化学联接白喉类毒素形成的疫苗(  )。", "options": {"A": "活疫苗", "B": "死疫苗", "C": "结合疫苗", "D": "亚单位疫苗"}, "answer": "结合疫苗", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,38岁。发热2周,胸闷5天。无咳嗽、咳痰和咯血,曾使用“三代头孢菌素”抗感染治疗无效。查体:T 37.8℃,BP 140/90mmHg。右下肺呼吸音消失,语音共振减弱。胸部X线片示右下肺大片状密度增高影,上缘呈外高内低弧形。为明确诊断应首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "超音心动图", "B": "胸部CT", "C": "胸腔穿刺抽液", "D": "血肿瘤标志物"}, "answer": "胸腔穿刺抽液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.动脉粥样硬化(  )。", "options": {"A": "心肌糖原沉积", "B": "主动脉中膜粘液样变性及坏死", "C": "血浆LDL及VLDL含量增高", "D": "肉芽肿形成"}, "answer": "血浆LDL及VLDL含量增高", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,35岁,高热、皮肤瘙痒半月,右颈及锁骨上淋巴结肿大,无压痛,互相粘连,血红蛋白90g/L,白细胞10×109/L,中性粒细胞66%,淋巴细胞24%。骨髓涂片找到里-斯细胞。如需明确诊断应进一步做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部或全身CT", "B": "肝脾B超", "C": "淋巴结活检", "D": "中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶测定"}, "answer": "淋巴结活检", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.最易发生癌变的溃疡是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Cushing溃疡", "B": "胃溃疡", "C": "Curling溃疡", "D": "十二指肠溃疡"}, "answer": "胃溃疡", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,31岁,精神分裂症急性发作入院,因兴奋躁动,敌对攻击严重,给予氟哌啶醇5mg一天2次肌肉注射。次日患者出现双眼上翻,斜颈,面肌肉痉挛,角弓反张。此时首选的处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即停药", "B": "口服普萘洛尔", "C": "电抽搐治疗", "D": "肌肉注射东茛菪碱"}, "answer": "立即停药", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.妄想是(  )。", "options": {"A": "联想过程缺乏一定方向,概念间缺乏内在联系", "B": "以往经验在记忆中大量脱失", "C": "持续地重复某一单调的语句", "D": "缺乏事实依据,患者却坚信不移的病理信念"}, "answer": "缺乏事实依据,患者却坚信不移的病理信念", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,32岁,车祸伤致颈项部剧烈疼痛,四肢不能活动,尿闭,大便失禁8小时,体检:双上肢屈肘位畸形,肱三头肌以下肌力0级,前臂以下四肢及躯干深浅感觉消失,肱二头肌腱反射存在,肱三头肌腱以下深浅反射消失,病理征引不出。颈椎正侧位平片见C5前脱位1.为了解颈脊髓损伤的情况,选择下列哪项影像学检查最好?(  )", "options": {"A": "双斜位片", "B": "脊髓造影", "C": "MRI", "D": "椎动脉造影"}, "answer": "MRI", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在疟疾的表现中(典型),下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "有完全缓解间歇", "B": "定时性,周期性寒热、大汗发作", "C": "脾肿大", "D": "白细胞增多,中性粒细胞升高"}, "answer": "白细胞增多,中性粒细胞升高", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "病儿跌伤,X线片示左肱骨下端骨骺分离。3周后到市医院就诊,接诊医生填X线申请单时将左写成右,放射科发现错后,拍了左手,却将一个“右”字铅号贴在X线片上。人院后值班医师在主诉中写左,诊断上又写右,手术通知单上也写右。术前备皮时,护士仍在右臂备皮。手术医生术前曾去查看患者,检查出是左臂跌伤,手术时竞仍在右臂上开了刀,暴露到关节囊未见异常时,经再次询问病人,方发现开错了手术部位。该事件的主要责任者是(  )。", "options": {"A": "放射线医师", "B": "接诊医师", "C": "经治医师", "D": "手术医师"}, "answer": "手术医师", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.6-MP的结构类似物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "I", "B": "X", "C": "A", "D": "T"}, "answer": "I", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "糖皮质激素不可用于(  )。", "options": {"A": "暴发型流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "B": "重症伤寒", "C": "鹅口疮", "D": "猩红热"}, "answer": "鹅口疮", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哪项是毛果芸香碱对眼睛的作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "扩瞳、调节麻痹", "B": "扩瞳、升高眼压", "C": "缩瞳、调节痉挛", "D": "缩瞳、升高眼压"}, "answer": "缩瞳、调节痉挛", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,女,18个月。体检发现胸骨左缘第2~3肋间Ⅱ~Ⅲ级收缩期杂音,肺动脉瓣区第2音亢进,伴固定性分裂。该患儿的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "法洛四联症", "B": "房间隔缺损", "C": "室间隔缺损", "D": "肺动脉瓣狭窄"}, "answer": "房间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,45岁。脸圆、变红1年,体重增加、月经稀发6个月。查体:BP 160/100mmHg,向心性肥胖,皮肤薄,面部痤疮较多,下颌小胡须,全身毳毛增多。腹部、大腿根部可见宽大紫纹。血钾3.3mmol/L,空腹血糖15.4mmol/L。2.定性诊断最主要的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血ACTH测定", "B": "小剂量地塞米松抑制试验", "C": "血皮质醇测定", "D": "血醛固酮测定"}, "answer": "小剂量地塞米松抑制试验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有关对阿尔茨海默病的描述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有记忆障碍和全面的智能减退", "B": "是老年期痴呆中最主要疾病之一", "C": "早期可出现幻觉妄想", "D": "Hachinski缺血评分量表<6分"}, "answer": "Hachinski缺血评分量表<6分", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "产生错觉常见的因素有(  )。", "options": {"A": "情绪因素", "B": "暗示或/和期待的心理状态", "C": "意识障碍", "D": "以上都对"}, "answer": "以上都对", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "20岁,男性,夜间骑自行车,头朝下跌于壕沟,发现四肢不全瘫,X线片显示齿状突骨折伴半脱位,此时在治疗上最先采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "石膏外固定", "B": "颅骨牵引固定", "C": "吊带牵引", "D": "切开复位内固定"}, "answer": "颅骨牵引固定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "耐青霉素G金葡菌感染可选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯唑西林、头孢氨苄、庆大霉素", "B": "头孢氨苄、红霉素、四环素", "C": "氨苄西林、红霉素、林可霉素", "D": "羧苄西林、头孢氨苄、庆大霉素"}, "answer": "苯唑西林、头孢氨苄、庆大霉素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "以下对免疫网络学说的要点的描述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "BCR或TCR上都存在着独特型决定簇", "B": "独特型决定簇能被体内另一些淋巴细胞识别并产生抗独特型抗体", "C": "独特型网络只有负调节作用", "D": "独特型决定簇和抗独特型抗体形成网络,对免疫应答进行调节"}, "answer": "独特型网络只有负调节作用", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病不正确的预防措施(  )。", "options": {"A": "提倡母乳喂养", "B": "孕母补充维生素D及钙剂", "C": "及时添加辅食", "D": "早产儿2个月开始补充维生素D"}, "answer": "早产儿2个月开始补充维生素D", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.不把自己当病人,仍坚持带病工作是病人角色的(  )。", "options": {"A": "角色行为冲突", "B": "角色行为减退", "C": "角色行为强化", "D": "角色行为异常"}, "answer": "角色行为减退", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血的患者,当其无神经系统症状时,首选的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素B12", "B": "叶酸", "C": "维生素B12+叶酸", "D": "维生素C"}, "answer": "叶酸", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.睁眼困难(  )。", "options": {"A": "动眼神经损害", "B": "外展神经损害", "C": "三叉神经损害", "D": "面神经损害"}, "answer": "动眼神经损害", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是急性白血病出血的主要原因?(  )", "options": {"A": "纤维蛋白溶解", "B": "血小板减少", "C": "DIC", "D": "小血管被白血病细胞浸润破坏"}, "answer": "血小板减少", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "类癌的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一般分化比较好,癌细胞小而一致", "B": "一般生长缓慢,呈低度恶性经过", "C": "能分泌激素", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "支气管肺炎时肾上腺皮质激素常用(  )。", "options": {"A": "氢化可的松", "B": "泼尼松龙", "C": "甲泼尼龙", "D": "地塞米松"}, "answer": "地塞米松", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "卵巢肿瘤最常见的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蒂扭转", "B": "破裂", "C": "感染", "D": "囊性变"}, "answer": "蒂扭转", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,50岁,劳累时胸痛2年,每于上3层楼梯时症状发作,含服硝酸甘油1~3分钟可缓解。既往高血压病史5年,糖尿病病史4年。可改善该患者预后的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮下注射低分子肝素", "B": "长期口服营养心肌类药物", "C": "冠状动脉旁路移植术", "D": "长期口服他汀类药物"}, "answer": "长期口服他汀类药物", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "7个月女婴,近1周易激惹,烦躁不安,呕吐2次,大便稀,2次/日。查体:嗜睡,前囟膨,有张力,颈强(±),心肺正常,布氏征(+),巴氏征(±)。为明确诊断,应做哪一项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑CT", "B": "脑电图", "C": "脑脊液检查", "D": "OT试验"}, "answer": "脑脊液检查", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "Km值是指反应速度为0.5Vmax时的(  )。", "options": {"A": "激活剂浓度", "B": "底物浓度", "C": "产物浓度", "D": "抑制剂浓度"}, "answer": "底物浓度", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,70岁,健康体检时B超发现胆囊内有约0.8cm直径结石,随体位活动,口服法胆囊造影,充盈缺损不明显,既往无胃病史,无胆囊炎发作史,无心脏病、糖尿病史,目前的治疗建议是(  )。", "options": {"A": "观察,随诊", "B": "中药排石", "C": "选择性胆囊切除术", "D": "选择性腹腔镜胆囊切除术"}, "answer": "观察,随诊", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "5天女孩,家中出生,母乳喂养,2天来皮肤黄染,拒奶,嗜睡,体温不升。查体:面色灰暗,四肢稍凉,脐轮红,可见脓性分泌物,肝脏肋下3cm,脾肋下2cm。2.首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血培养", "B": "网织红细胞计数", "C": "血ALT测定", "D": "血气分析"}, "answer": "血培养", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿语言发育三个阶段的顺序是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发音,理解,表达", "B": "理解,表达,发音", "C": "听觉,发音,理解", "D": "模仿,表达,理解"}, "answer": "发音,理解,表达", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,52岁。上腹痛伴进行性黄疸1个月,感乏力、食欲减退,症状逐渐加重。查体:腹部膨隆,腹软,未触及包块,肠鸣音弱,血CA19-9和CEA增高。为诊断和设计手术方案,最有意义的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ERCP", "B": "MRI", "C": "上消化道造影", "D": "腹部B超"}, "answer": "ERCP", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "金葡菌引起的急慢性骨髓炎最好选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿莫西林", "B": "头孢曲松", "C": "林可霉素", "D": "万古霉素"}, "answer": "林可霉素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列化合物中不以胆固醇为合成原料的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮质醇", "B": "胆汁酸", "C": "胆红素", "D": "1,25-(OH)2D3"}, "answer": "胆红素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "脂肪动员的关键酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脂蛋白脂肪酶", "B": "甘油一酯酶", "C": "甘油三酯酶", "D": "激素敏感性甘油三酯酶"}, "answer": "激素敏感性甘油三酯酶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,55岁。3个月来腹胀、食欲减退、低热。查体:腹饱满,移动浊音(+),抗结核治疗2周不见好转。为进一步明确诊断,应做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹腔积液常规", "B": "腹腔镜+活检", "C": "全胃肠钡透", "D": "剖腹探查"}, "answer": "腹腔镜+活检", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.一位伴有心功能不全的老年人,因上消化道急性大出血急需输血,选择哪种血制品最恰当?(  )", "options": {"A": "全血", "B": "浓缩红细胞", "C": "少白细胞红细胞", "D": "冰冻红细胞"}, "answer": "浓缩红细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,14岁。月经初潮后1年,月经期1~4个月,经量多,伴血块。止血首先应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "大剂量雌激素", "B": "雄激素", "C": "孕激素", "D": "刮宫术"}, "answer": "大剂量雌激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "被乙型肝炎病人血液污染的针头刺破皮肤后,主要宜采用(  )。", "options": {"A": "碘酒消毒", "B": "注射高滴度抗HBV IgG (HBIG)", "C": "应用干扰素", "D": "注射转移因子"}, "answer": "注射高滴度抗HBV IgG (HBIG)", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "主要由自身反应性T细胞介导的自身免疫性疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "链球菌感染后肾小球肾炎", "B": "系统性红斑狼疮", "C": "血小板减少性紫癜", "D": "多发性硬化"}, "answer": "多发性硬化", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于霍乱弧菌生物学性状的描述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "革兰阴性,弧形", "B": "有菌毛和单鞭毛", "C": "穿梭样运动", "D": "有芽孢"}, "answer": "有芽孢", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "放置宫内节育器术后的注意事项不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "术后休息3日", "B": "术后2周禁性交及盆浴", "C": "术后未见尾丝应行超声检查", "D": "戴铜节育器可放置5年"}, "answer": "戴铜节育器可放置5年", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "Tc细胞(CTL)表面具有鉴定意义的标志(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD8分子", "B": "CD4分子", "C": "CD3分子", "D": "CD80分子"}, "answer": "CD8分子", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "体内氨的主要去路是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生成铵盐", "B": "合成尿素", "C": "生成非必需氨基酸", "D": "参与嘌呤、嘧啶合成"}, "answer": "合成尿素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新生儿出生时,身体红,四肢青紫,心率90次/分,呼吸20次/分,呼吸不规则,四肢能活动,弹足底有皱眉。3.处理中最重要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "清理呼吸道", "B": "维持正常循环", "C": "预防感染", "D": "母乳喂养"}, "answer": "清理呼吸道", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医务人员修养的根本途径和方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "坚持学习医德的理论知识", "B": "坚持自我评价", "C": "追求慎独", "D": "坚持医疗卫生实践"}, "answer": "坚持医疗卫生实践", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.小剂量地塞米松抑制试验可被抑制(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺皮质腺瘤或腺癌", "B": "Cushing病", "C": "单纯性肥胖", "D": "原发性醛固酮增多症"}, "answer": "单纯性肥胖", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于胰岛素瘤,下述哪一项不是该病的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "胰岛素释放指数增加", "B": "低血糖经常出现在空腹或活动后", "C": "血糖降至1.67mmol/L,胰岛素则停止释放", "D": "禁食后多在48小时出现低血糖"}, "answer": "血糖降至1.67mmol/L,胰岛素则停止释放", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "青年患者入院前1小时,右肱骨中段被机器绞伤,致上臂仅后侧有宽2cm的皮肤相连,该皮肤有较重的挫伤,其余组织完全离断。1.该患者应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "右上臂不完全离断伤", "B": "右上臂完全离断伤", "C": "右肱骨严重的开放性骨折", "D": "右肱骨开放性骨折伴神经损伤"}, "answer": "右上臂完全离断伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于伦理学的研究对象,下列表述中最为准确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "个人道德", "B": "社会公共道德", "C": "家庭道德", "D": "道德现象"}, "answer": "道德现象", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "哺乳期妇女,发现左侧乳房有一约3cm大小硬结。疼痛2天,体检两衡乳腺均明显增大,左乳外下象限皮肤充血,发红,扪之发硬、发热。诊断首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性乳腺炎", "B": "纤维腺瘤", "C": "炎性乳癌", "D": "乳房囊性增生病"}, "answer": "急性乳腺炎", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "根据国内标准,下述哪一项血红蛋白测定值可诊断为贫血?(  )", "options": {"A": "妊娠期低于105g/L", "B": "成年女性低于110g/L", "C": "成年男生低于130g/L", "D": "哺乳期低于115g/L"}, "answer": "成年女性低于110g/L", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,64岁。右侧腹股沟区可复性肿块6年。查体:患者直立时,在腹股沟内侧、耻骨结节上外方有一4cm×4cm半球形肿物,未进入阴囊,平卧后自行消失。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "隐睾", "B": "交通性鞘膜积液", "C": "腹股沟斜疝", "D": "腹股沟直疝"}, "answer": "腹股沟直疝", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某企业职工因为冠心病在某三甲医院住院6天,共产生医药费用9000元。出院结算时,医院先扣除自费项目1200元,在剩下的7800元中,扣除起付标准800元后,对剩余部分医疗费用的7000元,由统筹基金按90%比例给予报销,其余10%由该职工本人支付。这7000元的支付方式属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "共同付费", "B": "起付比例", "C": "自费线", "D": "起付线"}, "answer": "共同付费", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.对癫痫大发作和洋地黄引起的室性快速型心律失常均有良好疗效(  )。", "options": {"A": "扑米酮", "B": "苯妥英钠", "C": "丙戊酸钠", "D": "乙琥胺"}, "answer": "苯妥英钠", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.常用于血清除菌的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "巴氏消毒法", "B": "高压蒸汽灭菌法", "C": "紫外线照射", "D": "滤过除菌"}, "answer": "滤过除菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,26岁,突然出现阵发性抽搐,历时2分钟,自然缓解,抽搐从一侧手指开始向腕部、臂部、肩部、下肢扩散,神志始终清楚。诊断最大可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大发作", "B": "精神运动性发作", "C": "小发作", "D": "Jackson发作"}, "answer": "Jackson发作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,2岁,智能落后,表情呆滞,眼距宽,眼裂小,鼻梁低,口半张,舌伸出口外,皮肤细嫩,肌张力低下,右侧通贯手。(  )。", "options": {"A": "21-三体综合征", "B": "软骨发育不良", "C": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症", "D": "苯丙酮尿症"}, "answer": "21-三体综合征", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "以下属于公共卫生工作特有的伦理原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生命价值原则", "B": "尊重自主原则", "C": "隐私保密原则", "D": "全社会参与原则"}, "answer": "全社会参与原则", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "PPD阳性反应的临床意义中,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "儿童PPD阳性表示体内有活动结核", "B": "儿童PPD强阳性表示体内有活动结核", "C": "PPD硬结直径5mm以上为强阳性", "D": "PPD强阳性表示病情较重"}, "answer": "儿童PPD强阳性表示体内有活动结核", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,27岁。右足底被铁钉刺伤1O天后突然出现张口困难,继之出现苦笑面容,角弓反张,每次发作数秒钟。声响及触碰病人时均可诱发上述症状,发作间歇期肌肉仍不能完全松弛,神志一直清楚,无发热。1.该病诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "气性坏疽", "B": "化脓性脑膜炎", "C": "破伤风", "D": "狂犬病"}, "answer": "破伤风", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "早产儿", "B": "小于胎龄儿", "C": "足月儿", "D": "微小儿"}, "answer": "足月儿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "颅内肿瘤非定位症状的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头痛、视乳头水肿", "B": "肢体运动和感觉障碍", "C": "视力、视野障碍", "D": "眼睑下垂、眼球运动障碍"}, "answer": "头痛、视乳头水肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项为急性重型肝炎最有诊断意义的临床表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "肾功能障碍", "B": "黄疸加深", "C": "出血倾向明显", "D": "中枢神经系统症状(肝性脑病)"}, "answer": "中枢神经系统症状(肝性脑病)", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.mRNA碱基插入或缺失可造成框移突变,是因为密码的(  )。", "options": {"A": "摆动性", "B": "连续性", "C": "简并性", "D": "特异性"}, "answer": "连续性", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者女,38岁,已婚,右乳外上象限可触及一直径3cm包块,同侧腋窝触到肿大淋巴结。3.术后病理诊断乳腺导管浸润癌伴同侧腋窝淋巴结转移,将行粒子加速器治疗,预期疗效属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "高度敏感", "B": "中度敏感", "C": "低度敏感", "D": "可能使病情加重"}, "answer": "中度敏感", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "早期流产最常见的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "孕妇黄体功能不足", "B": "胚胎染色体异常", "C": "孕妇生殖器官异常", "D": "孕妇免疫功能异常"}, "answer": "胚胎染色体异常", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是碳酸锂中毒的早期症状?(  )", "options": {"A": "厌食、恶心、呕吐等胃肠道反应", "B": "震颤、共济失调", "C": "癫痫大发作", "D": "下肢水肿、多尿"}, "answer": "震颤、共济失调", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "出血性梗死常发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾、肠", "B": "脾、肺", "C": "肺、肠", "D": "心、肠"}, "answer": "肺、肠", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "抗利尿激素的主要作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "提高远曲小管和集合管对水通透性", "B": "促进近球小管对水重吸收", "C": "增强髓袢升支粗段对NaCl的重吸收", "D": "保Na+排K+、保水"}, "answer": "提高远曲小管和集合管对水通透性", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "成人术前需要应用降压药的血压(mmHg)指标是超过(  )。", "options": {"A": "140/90", "B": "150/100", "C": "160/100", "D": "170/110"}, "answer": "160/100", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是诱导免疫耐受形成的最佳时期?(  )", "options": {"A": "成年期", "B": "幼年期", "C": "老年期", "D": "胚胎期"}, "answer": "胚胎期", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "决定肺部气体交换方向的主要因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺泡膜的通透性", "B": "肺内压的大小", "C": "气体的分压差", "D": "气体和血红蛋白的亲和力"}, "answer": "气体的分压差", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,40岁,发热伴鼻出血1周。检查牙龈肿胀,肝脾轻度肿大;血红蛋白40g/L,白细胞6.0×109/L,血小板15×109/L,骨髓象原始细胞占60%,过氧化酶染色阳性,非特异性酯酶阳性,阳性反应可被氟化钠抑制,诊断应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性粒细胞性白血病", "B": "急性早幼粒细胞白血病", "C": "急性红白血病", "D": "急性单核细胞性白血病"}, "answer": "急性单核细胞性白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,45岁,间断腹泻5年,加重3月。大便每日4~5次,脓血便,纳差,体重减轻6kg,口服左氧氟沙星治疗2周后复查粪便常规:白细胞、红细胞满视野,隐血(+)。血常规:HB 100g/L,WBC 4.5×109/L,PLT 215×109/L。1.为明确诊断,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部B超", "B": "血肿瘤标志物", "C": "腹部CT", "D": "结肠镜"}, "answer": "结肠镜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "行为疗法对下述哪一种强迫症状有效?(  )", "options": {"A": "强迫性穷思竭虑", "B": "强迫性对立思维", "C": "强迫性仪式动作", "D": "强迫性计数"}, "answer": "强迫性仪式动作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "细菌合成代谢产物不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "外毒素", "B": "类毒素", "C": "色素", "D": "侵袭性酶类"}, "answer": "类毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.人体实验中的保密原则(  )。", "options": {"A": "负担和受益要公平分配", "B": "研究者与受试者之间应保密", "C": "死亡者家属有权获得赔偿", "D": "需获得伦理专家委员会的批准"}, "answer": "研究者与受试者之间应保密", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗要获得病人的知情同意,其实质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尊重患者自主性", "B": "患者不会做出不正确决定", "C": "尊重患者人格尊严", "D": "尊重患者社会地位"}, "answer": "尊重患者自主性", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,45岁。数年前曾出现发热、尿频、尿急、尿痛等尿路刺激征,未彻底治疗。近年来上述症状时轻时重。本例尿的变化可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋白尿", "B": "血尿", "C": "尿内可见红细胞", "D": "尿内可查到大肠杆菌"}, "answer": "尿内可查到大肠杆菌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "免疫增强疗法不宜用于(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸内寄生菌感染", "B": "自身免疫病", "C": "肿瘤", "D": "免疫缺陷病"}, "answer": "自身免疫病", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "硫糖铝治疗消化性溃疡病的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中和胃酸", "B": "抑制胃壁细胞内H+-K+-ATP酶", "C": "保护胃肠粘膜", "D": "抗幽门螺杆菌"}, "answer": "保护胃肠粘膜", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于特发性面神经麻痹的病因,下列哪项表述是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "风寒、病毒感染可引起", "B": "自主神经功能不稳可引起", "C": "病因已完全阐明", "D": "局部神经营养血管痉挛"}, "answer": "病因已完全阐明", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.胎心减速出现在宫缩高峰后,下降慢,持续时间长,恢复慢。临床提示的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫缩时胎头受压", "B": "胎儿受镇静药物的影响", "C": "胎儿缺氧", "D": "胎儿状况良好"}, "answer": "胎儿缺氧", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "溶栓治疗最严重的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃肠道出血", "B": "颅内出血", "C": "腹膜后出血", "D": "皮肤出血点、瘀斑"}, "answer": "颅内出血", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.对变异型心绞痛的疗效好,也可用于不稳定型心绞痛(  )。", "options": {"A": "硝酸甘油", "B": "普萘洛尔", "C": "维拉帕米", "D": "洛伐他汀"}, "answer": "维拉帕米", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某医院年终对全院职工的基本情况做调查了解,其情况如下:死亡一人,医生甲因病休息1年多,医生乙因医院效益不好也在家闲了不满2年,医生丙出去参与经营未从事医疗2年多,医生丁承包医院的第二门诊近3年,其余大多数仍在医院坚持工作。依据执业医师法,下述人员中,属于应当注销注册,收回医师执业证书的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "医生乙", "B": "医生甲", "C": "医生丙", "D": "医生丁"}, "answer": "医生丙", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪一项不符合一侧动眼神经麻痹的表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "眼球向上、内、向下注视时出现复视", "B": "眼球向外呈外下方斜视", "C": "瞳孔散大,光反射消失,调节反射存在", "D": "瞳孔散大,光反射及调节反射均消失"}, "answer": "瞳孔散大,光反射消失,调节反射存在", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩,4岁,一向偏食,不吃鱼、肉、蛋,仅食蔬菜,近日发现面色渐苍白,不愿活动,时而腹泻。查体:心肺正常,肝脏于肋下触及3cm,脾未及。血象:Hb 60g/L,RBC 2.90×1012/L,血涂片:红细胞大小不等,以小为主,中心淡染区扩大。2.确定此病最灵敏的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨穿及骨髓象分析", "B": "血清铁蛋白测定", "C": "血涂片,中性粒细胞多分叶现象", "D": "MCV、MCH、MCHC"}, "answer": "血清铁蛋白测定", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.充血性心力衰竭所产生的胸腔积液为(  )。", "options": {"A": "漏出液", "B": "渗出液", "C": "脓性胸水", "D": "乳糜性胸水"}, "answer": "漏出液", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.基底膜局灶性破裂或缺损出现在(  )。", "options": {"A": "新月体性肾炎", "B": "膜性肾炎", "C": "膜性增生性肾炎(Ⅰ型)", "D": "膜性增生性肾炎(Ⅱ型)"}, "answer": "新月体性肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "5.窦道(  )。", "options": {"A": "具有两端开口的病理性通道", "B": "只有一端开口的盲管", "C": "单个毛囊发生的化脓性炎", "D": "多个毛囊发生的化脓性炎"}, "answer": "只有一端开口的盲管", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列有关伤寒沙门菌的描述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "属于沙门菌属中的D群", "B": "不形成芽孢,无荚膜,有鞭毛", "C": "产生外毒素,对致病有一定意义", "D": "菌体裂解释放内毒素,在发病过程起重要作用"}, "answer": "产生外毒素,对致病有一定意义", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "被称为“药王”的我国古代名医是(  )。", "options": {"A": "黄帝", "B": "张仲景", "C": "孙思邈", "D": "华佗"}, "answer": "孙思邈", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.延长移植物存活最有效的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "进行HLA配型", "B": "进行混合淋细胞培养", "C": "应用环孢素A", "D": "应用FK-506"}, "answer": "应用FK-506", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,30岁。月经量多已2年,近3个月来感乏力、头晕、心悸,查血红蛋白65g/L,白细胞6.0×109/L,血小板140×109/L。骨髓象:粒比红为1:1,红细胞增生活跃,中晚幼红细胞45%,体积小,胞浆偏蓝。治疗应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌注维生素B12", "B": "口服铁剂", "C": "输血", "D": "脾切除"}, "answer": "口服铁剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "血浆中能与铁结合的转铁蛋白称(  )。", "options": {"A": "未饱和铁结合力", "B": "铁蛋白", "C": "转铁蛋白", "D": "总铁结合力"}, "answer": "总铁结合力", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列非霍奇金淋巴瘤预后最差的类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小淋巴细胞性", "B": "滤泡性小裂细胞为主", "C": "弥漫性大细胞性", "D": "淋巴母细胞性淋巴瘤"}, "answer": "淋巴母细胞性淋巴瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,19岁,右小腿上段肿胀疼痛8个月,近2个月来肿胀明显,低热,无夜间盗汗现象。体检:右胫骨上端肿胀严重,压痛明显,浅静脉怒张,扪及一8cm×6cm硬性肿块,固定,边界不清。X线片示:右胫骨上段呈虫蚀状溶骨性破坏,骨膜反应明显,可见“日光照射”现象。2.最佳治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯化疗", "B": "放疗+免疫疗法", "C": "截肢术,术前术后化疗", "D": "刮除植骨术,术前术后化疗"}, "answer": "截肢术,术前术后化疗", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "引起中毒型细菌性痢疾的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "空肠弯曲菌", "B": "耶尔森氏菌", "C": "痢疾杆菌", "D": "克雷白杆菌"}, "answer": "痢疾杆菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,34岁。风湿性心脏瓣膜病主动脉瓣狭窄9年,进行性活动耐力减低。近1年来,每于剧烈运动中发生晕厥。无高血压、糖尿病,高脂血症病史。查体:BP 100/70mmHg,心率78次/min,律齐,主动脉瓣区可闻及收缩期喷射性杂音。超声心动图提示左心室增大。LVEF 40%,主动脉瓣瓣口面积1.1cm2。平均压力阶差55mmHg。跨瓣峰速度5.4m/s。对该患者最恰当的处置是(  )。", "options": {"A": "避免竞技性运动,其他体力活动不受限", "B": "口服阿托伐他汀", "C": "晕厥时硝酸甘油急救", "D": "动脉瓣置换术"}, "answer": "动脉瓣置换术", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.SARS病毒属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "正粘病毒科", "B": "小RNA病毒科", "C": "呼肠病毒科", "D": "冠状病毒科"}, "answer": "冠状病毒科", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男孩,3岁,自幼人工喂养,食欲极差,有时腹泻。身高85cm,体重7500g,皮肤干燥、苍白,腹部皮下脂肪厚度约0.3cm,脉搏缓慢,心音较低钝。3.假设此患儿清晨突然面色苍白、神志不清、体温不升、呼吸暂停,首先应考虑最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性心力衰竭", "B": "低钙血症引起喉痉挛", "C": "低钾血症引起呼吸肌麻痹", "D": "自发性低血糖"}, "answer": "自发性低血糖", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿最常见的贫血是(  )。", "options": {"A": "营养性缺铁性贫血", "B": "溶血性贫血", "C": "感染性贫血", "D": "生理性贫血"}, "answer": "营养性缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "孕妇于某经产前检查,诊断出胎儿有严重缺陷。3.实施医师的医学意见时应当(  )。", "options": {"A": "医疗机构和患者共同签署意见", "B": "医师和患者共同签署意见", "C": "经本人同意", "D": "经本人同意并签署意见"}, "answer": "经本人同意并签署意见", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.幼儿急疹是(  )。", "options": {"A": "黏膜疹", "B": "玫瑰疹", "C": "水疱疹", "D": "荨麻疹"}, "answer": "玫瑰疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性支气管炎患者发生通气和散气功能障碍的病变基础是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管软骨萎缩、纤维化", "B": "支气管管壁钙化", "C": "黏膜腺体增生", "D": "细支气管炎及细支气管周围炎"}, "answer": "细支气管炎及细支气管周围炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "营养不良合并维生素缺乏症,最常见的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素B缺乏", "B": "维生素C缺乏", "C": "维生素A缺乏", "D": "维生素E缺乏"}, "answer": "维生素A缺乏", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "按诊断标准,下列哪项不是诊断类风湿关节炎的必备关节表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "对称性关节肿", "B": "腕、掌指、指间关节肿", "C": "关节畸形", "D": "晨僵"}, "answer": "关节畸形", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "62岁,女性,晨起出现讲话不清,右侧肢体无力,两天后因病情渐加重就诊。血压110/80mmHg,意识清,运动性失语,右侧偏瘫,可完全排除的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑栓塞", "B": "脑血栓形成", "C": "短暂性脑缺血发作", "D": "腔隙性脑梗死"}, "answer": "短暂性脑缺血发作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "初产妇第一产程潜伏期延长是指潜伏期超过(  )。", "options": {"A": "10小时", "B": "12小时", "C": "16小时", "D": "18小时"}, "answer": "16小时", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.主要引起婴幼儿急性肠炎,集体食物中毒(  )。", "options": {"A": "百日咳鲍特菌", "B": "空肠弯曲菌", "C": "铜绿假单胞菌", "D": "幽门螺旋杆菌"}, "answer": "空肠弯曲菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项不是骨关节结核病灶清除术的指征?(  )", "options": {"A": "明显死骨或较大脓肿不易吸收", "B": "窦道流脓经久不愈", "C": "全身中毒症状重,抗结核药物效果不佳,产生耐药", "D": "单纯骨结核或滑膜结核药物治疗未能控制即将发展为全关节结核"}, "answer": "全身中毒症状重,抗结核药物效果不佳,产生耐药", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,36岁,反复乏力、恶心、纳差3年,明确诊断为慢性乙型病毒性肝炎,肝功时有波动。10天前因参加麦收而过于劳累,近1周来感高度乏力、食欲不振,伴恶心、呕吐、腹胀、尿黄,皮肤、巩膜黄疸进行性加深。化验:肝功TBIL 342μmol/L,DBIL170μmol/L,ALT 160U/L,HBsAg阳性。3.对此患者,下列处理措施错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "绝对卧床休息", "B": "高蛋白饮食", "C": "给予人血白蛋白或新鲜血浆", "D": "促肝细胞生长素静滴"}, "answer": "高蛋白饮食", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,59岁,2型糖尿病12年。空腹血糖5.6mmol/L,餐后2小时血糖14.6mmol/L,糖化血红蛋白7.6%。3年前眼底检查可见微血管瘤和出血,近2月来视力明显减退,眼底检查可见新生血管和玻璃体出血,目前糖尿病视网膜病变已进展为(  )。", "options": {"A": "2期", "B": "3期", "C": "4期", "D": "6期"}, "answer": "4期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在破伤风的治疗措施中,关键措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使用破伤风抗毒素中和游离的毒素", "B": "控制和解除痉挛,预防窒息", "C": "给予大量青霉素,抑制破伤风杆菌", "D": "积极支持治疗"}, "answer": "控制和解除痉挛,预防窒息", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某患者咳嗽,发热3天到医院就诊,被医院初步诊断为疑似人感染高致病性禽流感,应住院治疗,但患者以工作离不开为由予以拒绝。医院对该患者应采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "定期随诊", "B": "立即单独隔离治疗", "C": "请示卫生行政部门", "D": "尊重患者的自主决定权"}, "answer": "立即单独隔离治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.足月儿开始添加维生素D的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "出生后2个月", "B": "出生后4~6个月", "C": "出生后7~9个月", "D": "出生后2周"}, "answer": "出生后2周", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "糖原合成中糖链延长时葡萄糖的供体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄糖", "B": "1-磷酸葡萄糖", "C": "UDP葡萄糖", "D": "ADP葡萄糖"}, "answer": "UDP葡萄糖", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "骨关节炎的疼痛最主要的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "休息痛", "B": "运动痛", "C": "阴雨天痛", "D": "不定时痛"}, "answer": "休息痛", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项免疫调理作用最强的Ig?(  )", "options": {"A": "IgM", "B": "IgG", "C": "IgD", "D": "IgE"}, "answer": "IgM", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.再生障碍性贫血(  )。", "options": {"A": "大细胞高色素贫血", "B": "正细胞正色素贫血", "C": "小细胞低色素贫血", "D": "小细胞正色素贫血"}, "answer": "正细胞正色素贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者复视,查体右眼向外侧视受限,双瞳孔等大同圆,对光反射存在,病变部位在(  )。", "options": {"A": "右滑车神经", "B": "右视神经", "C": "右外展神经", "D": "右三叉神经眼支"}, "answer": "右外展神经", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "术后腹气胀应选用哪种药治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "阿托品", "B": "毒扁豆碱", "C": "新斯的明", "D": "毛果芸香碱"}, "answer": "新斯的明", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.原发性肺结核好发于(  )。", "options": {"A": "下叶后基底段", "B": "上叶尖后段和下叶背段", "C": "上叶下部或下叶上部近胸膜处", "D": "中叶"}, "answer": "上叶下部或下叶上部近胸膜处", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.仅浸润黏膜层及黏膜下层的胃肠道癌称(  )。", "options": {"A": "癌前病变", "B": "早期胃癌", "C": "良性肿瘤", "D": "交界性肿瘤"}, "answer": "早期胃癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.癫痫(  )。", "options": {"A": "用抑制胆碱能活性药物", "B": "不宜用抑制胆碱能活性药物和增强多巴胺活性的药物", "C": "用增强多巴胺活性的药物", "D": "用丙戊酸钠或卡马西平"}, "answer": "用丙戊酸钠或卡马西平", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "脑出血与蛛网膜下腔出血的主要区别是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有无高血压", "B": "脑脊液改变", "C": "有无头痛", "D": "有无偏瘫"}, "answer": "有无偏瘫", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某孕妇体检时发现其血尿中HCG水平显著增高。该孕妇可能患有(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫颈癌", "B": "乳腺癌", "C": "葡萄胎", "D": "肺癌"}, "answer": "葡萄胎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,过敏性休克,使用肾上腺素后,心血管系统可出现的反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "减慢心率", "B": "降低机体代谢", "C": "心率加快", "D": "降低心肌收缩性"}, "answer": "心率加快", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "磷酸吡哆醛作为辅酶参与的反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "转氨基酶作用", "B": "转甲基反应", "C": "过氧化反应", "D": "磷酸化反应"}, "answer": "转氨基酶作用", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "鉴别急性与慢性肾衰竭首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "同位素肾动态显像", "B": "尿钠排泄分数", "C": "尿沉渣镜检", "D": "肾脏B超"}, "answer": "肾脏B超", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "行乳房扪诊通常按哪种顺序(  )。", "options": {"A": "先查健侧,后查患侧", "B": "先查患侧,后查健侧", "C": "对乳房外上、内上、内下、外下各象限检查", "D": "对乳房外上、外下、内上、内下各象限检查"}, "answer": "先查健侧,后查患侧", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,33岁。急性坏疽性阑尾炎手术后4天,出现尿频、尿急、大便次数增多、里急后重、发热。其最可能的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "盆腔脓肿", "B": "肛周脓肿", "C": "阑尾残株炎", "D": "急性膀胱炎"}, "answer": "盆腔脓肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,5个月,腹泻、水样便,每天10余次,为稀水样便。今日病儿昏睡,呼吸深快,尿量极少,四肢厥冷。二氧化碳结合力8mmol/L,血钾4.0mmol/L,血钠140mmol/L。2.第一天首选下述哪一种液体给该患儿补液?(  )", "options": {"A": "2:1液", "B": "4:3:2含钠液860ml", "C": "2:6:1含钠液860ml", "D": "5%碳酸氢钠360ml"}, "answer": "2:1液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于腺癌的描述哪项错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "常见于胃肠、胆囊、子宫体等处", "B": "常见于皮肤及骨组织", "C": "癌细胞大小不一,核分裂象多见", "D": "伴有大量乳头结构时称乳头状腺癌"}, "answer": "常见于皮肤及骨组织", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,32岁。低热、盗汗、腹胀1个月,阵发性腹部绞痛,伴停止排气及排便10小时。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核性腹膜炎合并肠梗阻", "B": "肠梗阻合并肠穿孔", "C": "急性腹膜炎合并肠穿孔", "D": "急性腹膜炎"}, "answer": "结核性腹膜炎合并肠梗阻", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.以上何种药物最适宜于治疗尖端扭转型室速?(  )", "options": {"A": "异丙肾上腺素", "B": "硝普钠", "C": "硝苯地平", "D": "多巴胺"}, "answer": "异丙肾上腺素", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,35岁。纳差、腹胀2个月。查体:浅表淋巴结未触及,巩膜无黄染,肝肋下未触及,脾肋下8.5cm,质硬。化验血常规:Hb 100g/L,WBC 67.7×109/L,原始细胞0.02,早幼粒细胞0.02,中幼粒细胞0.13,晚幼粒细胞0.18,杆状核粒细胞0.08,分叶粒细胞0.37,E 0.06,B 0.09,L 0.04,M 0.01,PLT 543×109/L。3.应首选的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "羟基脲,甲磺酸伊马替尼", "B": "苯丁酸氮芥,糖皮质激素", "C": "维生素B12,叶酸", "D": "沙利度胺,红细胞生成素"}, "answer": "羟基脲,甲磺酸伊马替尼", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "新生儿化脓性脑膜炎,脑膜刺激征不明显的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑膜炎症不如年长儿强", "B": "颅缝及前囟未闭,对颅内压升高起缓冲作用", "C": "颈肌尚不发达", "D": "大脑处于抑制状态"}, "answer": "颅缝及前囟未闭,对颅内压升高起缓冲作用", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "大肠癌的好发部位依次是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直肠、乙状结肠、升结肠、横结肠、盲肠、降结肠", "B": "直肠、乙状结肠、降结肠、横结肠、升结肠、盲肠", "C": "直肠、乙状结肠、盲肠、升结肠、降结肠", "D": "升结肠、横结肠、盲肠、乙状结肠、直肠"}, "answer": "直肠、乙状结肠、盲肠、升结肠、降结肠", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,30岁,腹部砸伤5小时。查体:四肢湿冷,腹肌紧张。全腹压痛、反跳痛。有移动性浊音。肠鸣音消失。该患者目前应进行的处理不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "诊断性腹腔穿刺", "B": "补充血容量,抗休克治疗", "C": "给予止痛和镇静剂", "D": "抗感染治疗"}, "answer": "给予止痛和镇静剂", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿扁桃体发育的规律是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2岁后扁桃体增大,6~7岁时达顶峰", "B": "5~6岁时扁桃体增大,9~10岁时缩小", "C": "3岁时扁桃体增大,8~9岁时缩小", "D": "3~4时扁桃体增大,青春期缩小"}, "answer": "2岁后扁桃体增大,6~7岁时达顶峰", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对半抗原的解释正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有免疫原或抗原性的物质", "B": "只有反应性的物质", "C": "作为免疫佐剂的物质", "D": "相对分子质量小于10000的物质"}, "answer": "只有反应性的物质", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "病人的自主权有效的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对他人生命造成威胁时", "B": "与其他病人的利益冲突时", "C": "患精神疾病时", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "以上都不是", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "五聚体IgM一般只有几个结合点可结合抗原(  )。", "options": {"A": "2个", "B": "1个", "C": "5个", "D": "10个"}, "answer": "5个", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以师承方式学习传统医学至少满多长时间,经卫生行政部门指定的组织考核合格并推荐,方可参加执业医师资格或者执业助理医师资格考试(  )。", "options": {"A": "一年", "B": "五年", "C": "三年", "D": "二年"}, "answer": "三年", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "只有在骨肉瘤X线片中可见的现象是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发生于骨端", "B": "有完整囊壁", "C": "可见膨胀性生长", "D": "可见“日光照射”现象"}, "answer": "可见“日光照射”现象", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.霍乱全身肌张力减退、反射减退、鼓肠、心律失常的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量失水", "B": "酸中毒", "C": "低钾血症", "D": "大量盐类丧失"}, "answer": "低钾血症", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,36岁,已婚8年,月经规律,5年前有一次人工流产,男方精液检查正常,B超检查提示双侧输卵管近端阻塞,为促进生育,首先的处理方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹腔镜手术", "B": "人工授精", "C": "应用促排卵药物", "D": "体外授精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)"}, "answer": "体外授精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "22岁男性,大学二年级学生。近一年来听课注意力不集中,发呆发愣,时有自语自笑,动作迟缓,吃一顿饭要一个多小时。5天前开始终日卧床,不吃饭,不知上厕所。精神检查:意识清晰,卧床不动不语,针刺其身体无反应,肌张力增高。令病人张嘴,反把嘴闭的更紧,把病人肢体摆成不舒服的姿势,可以保持很久不变,躯体及神经系统检查未见其他异常体征。1.该患者不具有的症状为(  )。", "options": {"A": "情绪低落", "B": "蜡样屈曲", "C": "主动违拗", "D": "木僵"}, "answer": "情绪低落", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心脏破裂的典型表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "低血压,心音消失,无电活动", "B": "血压测不到,心音消失,无电活动", "C": "低血压,心音正常,有电活动", "D": "血压测不到,心音消失,有电活动"}, "answer": "血压测不到,心音消失,有电活动", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,25岁,半年前离婚。某日下班后回到家中突然出现强烈的恐惧感,有如大祸临头,同时心悸、胸闷,呼吸困难,有窒息感。全身多汗、脸红、手足发麻、四肢颤抖。5~6min逐渐平静。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "慢性焦虑症", "C": "心理生理障碍", "D": "惊恐发作"}, "answer": "惊恐发作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,32岁,婚后3年不孕。患者平素月经规律,妇科检查未发现异常。内分泌检查正常,造影示双侧输卵管堵塞。适宜的辅助生育是(  )。", "options": {"A": "配子输卵管内移植", "B": "胞浆内单精子注射", "C": "体外受精与胚胎移植", "D": "人工授精"}, "answer": "体外受精与胚胎移植", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "催化以RNA为模板合成DNA的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "反转录酶", "B": "RNA聚合酶", "C": "DNA聚合酶", "D": "引物酶"}, "answer": "反转录酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "前置胎盘时阴道出血特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "无痛性阴道出血", "B": "有痛性阴道出血", "C": "阴道出血常与外伤有关", "D": "宫缩时阴道出血停止"}, "answer": "无痛性阴道出血", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿5岁,近来活动减少,乏力、食欲减退、盗汗。胸透见右肺上叶下部片状阴影,右肺门淋巴结肿大,应考虑诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "支原体肺炎", "B": "原发性肺结核病", "C": "小叶性肺炎", "D": "病毒性肺炎"}, "answer": "原发性肺结核病", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有关医际关系与医患关系的表述,下列错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医际关系的恶化在一定程度上将对医患关系产生不良影响", "B": "医患关系的恶化在一定程度上将对医际关系产生不良影响", "C": "处理医际关系和医患关系依据的伦理原则是相同的", "D": "医际关系与医患关系既互相独立又相互关联"}, "answer": "处理医际关系和医患关系依据的伦理原则是相同的", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.易发生绿色瘤(  )。", "options": {"A": "早幼粒细胞白血病", "B": "急性粒细胞白血病", "C": "急性单核细胞白血病", "D": "慢性粒细胞白血病"}, "answer": "急性粒细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "按照希波克拉底对气质的分类,不属于气质类型的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆汁质", "B": "粘液质", "C": "神经质", "D": "抑郁质"}, "answer": "神经质", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "5岁男孩,低热伴头痛1个月入院。查体:精神弱,左眼外展受限,颈抵抗阳性,克氏征、布氏征阳性。腰穿脑脊液压力200mmH2O,蛋白2g/L,糖1.5mmol/L,氯化物100mmol/L。2.如果患儿出现惊厥,止惊药物首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯巴比妥", "B": "地西泮", "C": "苯妥英钠", "D": "硫喷妥钠"}, "answer": "地西泮", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "化脓性关节炎经穿刺及关节内注入抗生素治疗后,未能控制症状时,应当(  )。", "options": {"A": "调整抗生素种类", "B": "增加关节穿刺次数", "C": "增加关节内抗生素用量", "D": "切开引流"}, "answer": "切开引流", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于母乳营养素的优点,下列哪项是错误的(  )。", "options": {"A": "不饱和脂肪酸较多", "B": "乳糖含量高,且以乙型乳糖为主", "C": "维生素K含量较低", "D": "含矿物质锌、铜、碘较低"}, "answer": "含矿物质锌、铜、碘较低", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,28岁。恶心、呕吐1天,诊断为急性胃炎。查体:BP 120/80mmHg,心率55次/分。心电图示窦性心动过缓。该患者心动过缓的最恰当处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "植入临时起搏器", "B": "植入永久起搏器", "C": "静脉滴注异丙肾上腺素", "D": "治疗胃炎,继续观察"}, "answer": "治疗胃炎,继续观察", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.面神经受损(  )。", "options": {"A": "1岁之内患儿患化脓性脑膜炎易合并", "B": "结核性脑膜炎", "C": "脑膜炎双球菌脑膜炎", "D": "脑炎链球菌性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "结核性脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某人的红细胞与B型血的血清不凝集,其血清与B型血的红细胞也不凝集,此人血型为(  )。", "options": {"A": "B型", "B": "A型", "C": "AB型", "D": "Rh型"}, "answer": "B型", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,33岁。胃溃疡穿孔保守治疗24小时,拟行手术治疗。1年前因为溃疡穿孔行修补术。其手术过程中处理错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "从原切口进入", "B": "胃大部切除术", "C": "甲硝唑及生理盐水灌洗腹腔至清洁", "D": "放置腹腔引流管"}, "answer": "甲硝唑及生理盐水灌洗腹腔至清洁", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性肾小球肾炎有肉眼血尿、高血压者,治疗上要注意(  )。", "options": {"A": "卧床休息2~3周", "B": "限制蛋白质的摄入量", "C": "硝普钠扩张血管", "D": "切除慢性炎症扁桃体腺"}, "answer": "卧床休息2~3周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某甲在医学院获得了专科毕业证书,此时他可以(  )。", "options": {"A": "在医疗、预防、保健机构中试用期满一年,参加执业医师资格考试", "B": "在医疗、预防、保健机构中试用期满一年,参加执业助理医师资格考试", "C": "取得执业助理医师执业证书后,在医疗、预防、保健机构中工作满一年,参加执业医师资格考试", "D": "取得执业助理医师执业证书后,在医疗、预防、保健机构中试用期满一年,参加执业医师资格考试"}, "answer": "在医疗、预防、保健机构中试用期满一年,参加执业助理医师资格考试", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.控制支气管哮喘最有效的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "特布他林", "B": "氨茶碱", "C": "糖皮质激素", "D": "白三烯"}, "answer": "糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为医德良心的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "形式主观、内容客观", "B": "形式和内容既非主观也非客观", "C": "形式和内容都是主观的", "D": "形式和内容都是客观的"}, "answer": "形式主观、内容客观", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.提呈抗原的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肥大细胞", "B": "B细胞", "C": "NK细胞", "D": "浆细胞"}, "answer": "B细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "老年男性患者,尸检见肺组织散在多个小实变区。小支气管上皮坏死脱落,管腔内有炎性渗出物,以中性粒细胞为主,小支气管周围肺泡腔内也见上述渗出物。此病理诊断应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "问质性肺炎", "B": "小叶性肺炎", "C": "大叶性肺炎", "D": "支原体肺炎"}, "answer": "小叶性肺炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "缺氧引起呼吸加深加快的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直接刺激呼吸中枢", "B": "刺激外周化学感受器", "C": "刺激呼吸肌", "D": "通过肺牵张反射"}, "answer": "刺激外周化学感受器", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "化脓性脑膜炎与病毒性脑膜炎在CSF检查中的区别是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑脊液透明", "B": "脑脊液压力", "C": "蛋白增高程度", "D": "糖减少"}, "answer": "糖减少", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男婴,生后24天,近4天哭闹剧烈,拒乳,呕吐1天,抽搐3次人院,患儿生后无窒息史。查体:体温不升,反应差,消瘦,脐部见少量脓性分泌物,前囟膨满,双眼凝视,心肺正常,脑膜刺激征(-)。1.该患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅内出血", "B": "化脓性脑膜炎", "C": "脑发育不全", "D": "低钙惊厥"}, "answer": "化脓性脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "40岁男性,头痛,伴恶心、呕吐3个月,近3天来头痛剧烈,呕吐呈喷射性,全身无力,不能站立。查体:患者嗜睡,痛苦病容,眼底见视神经乳头高度水肿,边缘有火焰状出血,体温37℃。2个月前当时脑脊液检查WBC 0.01×109/L。5.首先应给予的主要治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用抗生素", "B": "大剂量硫喷妥钠降低脑代谢", "C": "20%甘露醇脱水", "D": "输注血浆"}, "answer": "20%甘露醇脱水", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者女性,44岁。因急性坏死性胰腺炎行剖腹探查,病灶清除加引流术,术后即行经颈静脉插管滴入全胃肠外营养支持,术后第12天突然出现高热,寒战,呼吸急促,腹部无压痛及反跳痛,最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "气胸", "B": "腹部感染", "C": "导管性脓毒症", "D": "高渗性非酮性昏迷"}, "answer": "导管性脓毒症", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "大叶性肺炎患者出现明显发绀等缺氧症状时,其病变基础应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "充血水肿期", "B": "红色肝样变期", "C": "灰色肝样变期", "D": "溶解消散期"}, "answer": "红色肝样变期", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,24岁。发热,腹痛、腹泻1天,为黏液脓血便。查体:T 38.4℃,BP 110/62mmHg,脐周及左下腹有轻压痛,实验室检查:血WBC 15.8×109/L,N 0.88,L 0.12。粪镜检:WBC 40/HP,RBC 20/HP。肠道最可能的病理变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠黏膜弥漫性纤维蛋白渗出性炎症", "B": "肠黏膜出血", "C": "肠黏膜隐窝小脓肿", "D": "乙状结肠、直肠多发溃疡"}, "answer": "肠黏膜弥漫性纤维蛋白渗出性炎症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列关于TIA的鉴别诊断的叙述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癫痫绝无影像学的异常", "B": "严重心律失常等可致全脑供血不全造成短暂意识丧失需与TIA鉴别", "C": "肿瘤或慢性硬膜下出血等绝不会出现TIA样症状", "D": "强直性及(或)阵挛性痉挛发作可见于TIA"}, "answer": "严重心律失常等可致全脑供血不全造成短暂意识丧失需与TIA鉴别", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,60岁。发热伴寒战、心悸7天,体温最高39℃,头痛、咳嗽,右大腿肿痛,病情渐重入院。查体:T 38℃,P 100次/分,R 24次/分,BP 100/75mmHg。神志清楚,巩膜轻度黄染,双肺呼吸音粗,无啰音,心脏无异常,腹平软、无压痛,肝区无叩痛。右大腿中段红肿,范围约10cm,压痛明显,有波动感。血WBC 20×109/L,Hb 100g/L,多次血培养(-)。2.对该患者,最恰当的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用针对G-菌抗生素", "B": "应用糖皮质激素", "C": "抗休克治疗", "D": "切开引流"}, "answer": "切开引流", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4岁男孩,低热半月,伴咳嗽,纳差。查体:体温38.2℃,两侧颈淋巴结肿大.两肺呼吸音粗,心脏腹部无异常,血WBC7.8×109/L,PPD试验72小时,皮肤硬结16mm。胸透:右肺中叶可见密集增深阴影,右肺门有团块状阴影。3.为促进患儿尽早康复,哪项是不可取的?(  )", "options": {"A": "加强营养,适当补充维生素", "B": "避免继续与开放性结核病人接触", "C": "避免肝功损害,可缩短疗程", "D": "避免接触各种传染病"}, "answer": "避免肝功损害,可缩短疗程", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于代谢性酸中毒的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是由体内[HCO3-]减少引起的", "B": "最突出的表现是呼吸变慢、变浅", "C": "呼气中可有酮味", "D": "血清pH降低"}, "answer": "最突出的表现是呼吸变慢、变浅", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医师在执业活动中除正当治疗外,不得使用(  )。", "options": {"A": "消毒药剂", "B": "有禁忌证的药", "C": "有副作用的药品", "D": "麻醉药品"}, "answer": "麻醉药品", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "治疗风湿热急性期伴有心脏炎的患儿时,下列治疗哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "如有心衰,待心衰控制后再卧床3~4周", "B": "宜绝对卧床休息至急性症状消失、血沉接近正常值", "C": "首选阿司匹林治疗", "D": "总疗程为2~8周"}, "answer": "首选阿司匹林治疗", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.髋关节后脱位的典型畸形(  )。", "options": {"A": "外旋90°", "B": "外旋<90°", "C": "屈曲、内收、内旋", "D": "屈曲、外展、内旋"}, "answer": "屈曲、内收、内旋", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下不属于三期梅毒皮肤黏膜损害的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "斑疹性梅毒疹", "B": "结节性梅毒疹", "C": "树胶肿", "D": "梅毒性纤维瘤"}, "answer": "斑疹性梅毒疹", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "抗精神病药物的应用原则不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "尽可能单一用药", "B": "从小剂量开始,迅速加到治疗剂量", "C": "剂量个体化", "D": "足量、足疗程"}, "answer": "从小剂量开始,迅速加到治疗剂量", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,48岁,建筑工人,因牙关紧闭、四肢痉挛而入院。8天前,右脚被铁钉扎伤,伤口深,但几日后自愈。5日后,右腿有些麻木和疼痛,咀嚼不便、吞咽困难,最后全身抽搐、四肢痉挛。入院诊断为破伤风。请问下列哪一项是最佳治疗原则?(  )", "options": {"A": "注射破伤风抗毒素和青霉素", "B": "注射青霉素", "C": "注射破伤风抗毒素", "D": "注射白百破疫苗和青霉素"}, "answer": "注射破伤风抗毒素和青霉素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于兴奋性突触传递的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ca2+由膜外进入突触前膜内", "B": "突触囊泡释放递质,并与突触后膜受体结合", "C": "突触后膜对Na+、K+、Ca2+,特别是对K+的通透性升高", "D": "突触后膜电位去极化达阈值时,引起突触后神经元发放冲动"}, "answer": "突触后膜对Na+、K+、Ca2+,特别是对K+的通透性升高", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不是学习的规律有(  )。", "options": {"A": "经典条件反射", "B": "非条件反射", "C": "观察学习", "D": "替代学习"}, "answer": "非条件反射", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "9个月男婴,近2个月表情呆滞,活动减少,便稀,呈蛋花汤样便,舌常抖动。查体:面色黄,发黄稀疏,腱反射亢进。血象:RBC1.5×1012/L,Hb80g/L,WBC4×109/L。最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "营养性缺铁性贫血", "B": "再生障碍性贫血", "C": "营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血", "D": "溶血性贫血"}, "answer": "营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.属于抑郁症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蜡样屈曲", "B": "情绪低落", "C": "焦虑", "D": "恐怖"}, "answer": "情绪低落", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.易合并脓胸、脓气胸的肺炎是(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "B": "腺病毒肺炎", "C": "支原体肺炎", "D": "支气管肺炎"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.代谢性酸中毒的常见病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "挤压综合征", "B": "反复呕吐", "C": "盐皮质激素过多", "D": "长期胃肠减压"}, "answer": "长期胃肠减压", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "CO中毒的症状与下述哪一项无关?(  )", "options": {"A": "与CO接触时问长短", "B": "空气中CO的浓度", "C": "中毒时体力活动情况", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "以上都不是", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,34岁,因急性阑尾炎穿孔伴局限性腹膜炎,行阑尾切除术后5天。仍有腹痛,腹胀,体温38℃以上,大便3~5次/d,有下坠感。WBC 18×109/L。1.首先考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "切口感染", "B": "并发膈下脓肿", "C": "盆腔脓肿", "D": "化脓性门静脉炎"}, "answer": "盆腔脓肿", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于汉坦病毒正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是无包膜的RNA病毒", "B": "主要以蜱为传播媒介", "C": "不凝集鹅红细胞", "D": "由韩国的李镐汪首先分离出"}, "answer": "由韩国的李镐汪首先分离出", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列化学键维系蛋白质分子中螺旋的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "盐键", "B": "疏水键", "C": "氢键", "D": "二硫键"}, "answer": "氢键", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,23岁,右手被机器压辗伤,手掌部及5指多处挫裂伤,屈伸指肌腱、主要血管神经及掌骨、指骨均无损伤,经清创缝合后收入病房观察,以下一些术后处理哪一项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "术后敷料将手掌部和5指一起覆盖,用绷带环绕包扎", "B": "抬高患肢,以利静脉回流", "C": "术后3天用些激素和脱水剂,减少组织水肿", "D": "注射破伤风抗毒血清"}, "answer": "术后敷料将手掌部和5指一起覆盖,用绷带环绕包扎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.1型糖尿病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内分泌功能亢进", "B": "内分泌功能减退", "C": "激素受体不敏感", "D": "下丘脑—垂体—靶腺轴的反馈抑制所致功能减退"}, "answer": "内分泌功能减退", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.属于同种异型抗原的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HLA", "B": "花粉", "C": "进入血液的精子", "D": "Forssman抗原"}, "answer": "HLA", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.体征以实变为主的肺炎是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎", "B": "葡萄球菌肺炎", "C": "腺病毒肺炎", "D": "肺炎支原体肺炎"}, "answer": "腺病毒肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.淋巴源性肿瘤多位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "前纵隔", "B": "前上纵隔", "C": "后纵隔", "D": "中纵隔"}, "answer": "后纵隔", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "与动、静脉血栓形成及反复流产相关的自身抗体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗SSA抗体", "B": "抗核抗体", "C": "抗Sm抗体", "D": "抗心磷脂抗体"}, "answer": "抗心磷脂抗体", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,74岁。腹股沟疝修补术后2年,复发3个月,要求再手术治疗。考虑患者年老、腹壁薄弱,最适宜的手术式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Lichtenstein法", "B": "Bassini法", "C": "McVay法", "D": "Ferguson法"}, "answer": "McVay法", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.亚硝酸盐中毒的解毒药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "依地酸二钠钙", "B": "亚甲蓝", "C": "二巯基丁二酸", "D": "氟马西尼"}, "answer": "亚甲蓝", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项为有机磷酸酯类急性中毒的表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "腺体分泌减少、胃肠平滑肌兴奋", "B": "膀胱逼尿肌松弛、呼吸肌麻痹", "C": "支气管平滑肌松弛、涎液腺分泌增加", "D": "神经节兴奋、心血管作用复杂"}, "answer": "膀胱逼尿肌松弛、呼吸肌麻痹", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,29岁,Graves病病人,抗甲状腺药物治疗已2年,是否停药,哪项为最有参考意义的指标?(  )", "options": {"A": "血清sTSH的测定", "B": "甲状腺摄131I试验", "C": "血清反T3测定", "D": "TRH兴奋试验"}, "answer": "TRH兴奋试验", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,70岁。反复咳嗽、咳痰25年,心悸、气促、下肢间歇水肿3年,病情加重伴畏寒发热1周入院。体检:体温38℃,呼吸急促,口唇发绀,双肺叩诊过清音,中下肺闻及湿啰音,心率110次/分,心律齐,无杂音,双下肢重度水肿。2.为明确诊断首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血胆固醇和甘油三酯测定", "B": "心电图检查", "C": "胸部X线检查", "D": "痰培养及药敏试验"}, "answer": "胸部X线检查", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,35岁,持续性血压升高2个月,疑诊嗜铬细胞瘤,则下列检查中哪项检查的敏感性和特异性最高?(  )", "options": {"A": "尿甲氧基肾上腺素和甲氧基去甲肾上腺素", "B": "尿皮质醇", "C": "尿17-酮类固醇", "D": "尿17-羟类固醇"}, "answer": "尿甲氧基肾上腺素和甲氧基去甲肾上腺素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.化脓性脑膜炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖正常,氯化物升高,蛋白质明显下降,细胞数升高,以中性粒细胞为主", "B": "糖明显下降,氯化物下降,蛋白质明显升高,细胞数升高,以中性粒细胞为主", "C": "细胞数增高,淋巴为主,糖正常,氯化物正常,蛋白质升高", "D": "糖明显升高,氯化物正常,蛋白质正常,细胞数正常"}, "answer": "糖明显下降,氯化物下降,蛋白质明显升高,细胞数升高,以中性粒细胞为主", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某病人,将墙上的污点看成众多蚊子,遂拍打。这种症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "感觉过敏", "B": "错视", "C": "非真实感", "D": "视物变形症"}, "answer": "错视", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "轻触患者咽后壁,出现呕吐反应,此反射定位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "舌咽迷走神经", "B": "副神经", "C": "舌下神经", "D": "三叉神经"}, "answer": "舌咽迷走神经", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,60岁。突发喘憋1小时。查体:BP 160/70mmHg,双肺满布湿性啰音,心率105次/分。该患者最适宜的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服氨苯蝶啶", "B": "静脉滴注小剂量多巴胺", "C": "静脉推注呋塞米", "D": "口服螺内酯"}, "answer": "静脉推注呋塞米", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.夜间阵发性呼吸困难,高枕卧位,颈静脉怒张。双肺底可闻及干湿啰音,肝大,下脑水肿,诊断考虑是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全心衰竭", "B": "急性左心衰竭", "C": "慢性左心衰竭", "D": "急性右心衰竭"}, "answer": "全心衰竭", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.深部开放性创伤,合并厌氧菌感染(  )。", "options": {"A": "机化", "B": "包裹", "C": "钙化", "D": "气性坏疽"}, "answer": "气性坏疽", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,52岁。心悸头晕,四肢冰凉,见宽QRS波,心动过速,心律不规则,采取最合理的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直流电复律", "B": "静脉注射普罗帕酮", "C": "静脉注射利多卡因", "D": "静脉注射普鲁卡因酰胺"}, "answer": "直流电复律", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.嘧啶核苷酸合成障碍导致(  )。", "options": {"A": "白化病", "B": "乳清酸尿症", "C": "苯酮酸尿症", "D": "Lesch-Nyhan综合症"}, "answer": "乳清酸尿症", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪一个是中枢淋巴器官(  )。", "options": {"A": "扁桃体", "B": "淋巴结", "C": "胸腺", "D": "脾脏"}, "answer": "胸腺", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "原发性高血压病人脑出血时,下列哪项是最常见的出血部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "小脑齿状核", "B": "脑桥", "C": "基底核", "D": "延脑"}, "answer": "基底核", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,75岁。排尿困难3年,加重2周。直肠指检发现前列腺结节,质地硬。血清PAS 30ng/ml。2.下列检查对患者病情评价意义不大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "泌尿系B超", "B": "放射性核素骨显像", "C": "X线胸片", "D": "膀胱尿道造影"}, "answer": "膀胱尿道造影", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,l9岁,因原发性闭经就诊。查体:女性体态,双乳Ⅲ期(乳核大于乳晕),触发泌乳征阳性。化验:血雌二醇正常范围低值,血泌乳素水耳210μg/L。垂体CT正常;B超示子宫体积小。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卵巢性闭经", "B": "子宫源性闭经", "C": "下丘脑一垂体性闭经", "D": "垂体泌乳素分泌微腺瘤"}, "answer": "垂体泌乳素分泌微腺瘤", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.治疗急性粒细胞白血病首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲氨蝶呤", "B": "环磷酰胺", "C": "DA方案", "D": "VP方案"}, "answer": "DA方案", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,20岁,因发热、全身酸痛、乏力5天,于7月20日入院。查:T40℃,P120次/分,球结膜充血,腹股沟淋巴结蚕豆大,有压痛,肝肋下1cm,质软。腓肠肌轻压痛,肾区叩击痛,血WBC 13.4×109/L,中性82%,尿蛋白(+),每高倍视野红细胞2~3个,白细胞1~2个。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "流行性出血热", "B": "钩端螺旋体病", "C": "伤寒", "D": "斑疹伤寒"}, "answer": "钩端螺旋体病", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,56岁。右下肢静脉迂曲扩张20年,伴下肢酸胀、水肿,活动或抬高患肢减轻,近2年右足靴区皮肤发红,时有瘙痒,逐渐加重。查体:右下肢大腿内侧、小腿后有迂曲扩张之静脉团,足靴区色素沉着,皮肤变厚。1.该患者的病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "下肢静脉回流障碍", "B": "下肢静脉倒流性疾病", "C": "动静脉瘤", "D": "以上均不是"}, "answer": "下肢静脉倒流性疾病", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医德评价的内心信念方式如何理解?(  )", "options": {"A": "内心信念是人生下来就有的", "B": "内心信念是自己“反思”的结果", "C": "内心信念是内心认识的变化,是看不见摸不着的", "D": "内心信念是发自内心的对事业对人生一种深刻认识和坚定信念"}, "answer": "内心信念是发自内心的对事业对人生一种深刻认识和坚定信念", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "TIA持续时间通常为(  )。", "options": {"A": "12小时内", "B": "24小时内", "C": "30小时内", "D": "48小时内"}, "answer": "24小时内", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "抑制PG合成酶作用最强的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "保泰松", "B": "吲哚美辛", "C": "对乙酰氨基酚", "D": "布洛芬"}, "answer": "吲哚美辛", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对病人的道德权利表述无误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人都有要求开假休息的权利", "B": "医师在任何情况下都不能超越病人要求保密的权利", "C": "病人都享有稀有卫生资源分配的权利", "D": "知情同意是病人自主权的具体形式"}, "answer": "知情同意是病人自主权的具体形式", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于正常菌群的论述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一般情况下正常菌群对人体有益无害", "B": "刚一出生的新生儿肠道内即有细菌", "C": "口腔正常菌群中需氧菌是厌氧菌的10倍", "D": "人的眼结膜相对来说是无细菌寄生的"}, "answer": "一般情况下正常菌群对人体有益无害", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.花粉(  )。", "options": {"A": "引起Ⅰ型超敏反应", "B": "引起Ⅱ型超敏反应", "C": "引起Ⅳ型超敏反应", "D": "是Ⅰ型超敏反应的介质"}, "answer": "引起Ⅰ型超敏反应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,50岁,颈增粗20年,近一年消瘦10kg,并有心悸。体检发现双侧甲状腺多个结节。基础代谢率+31%,2小时内甲状腺摄碘29%。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结节性甲状腺肿", "B": "原发性甲亢", "C": "继发性甲亢", "D": "甲状腺肿瘤"}, "answer": "继发性甲亢", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,26岁。高热1周,伴右侧胸痛就诊。于深呼吸时加剧,但近2天胸痛已有所缓解,X线和超声检查证实右侧胸腔积液。胸水常规为渗出液,单核细胞占优势。3.如果患者已妊娠2个月,而且急盼婴儿,不愿中止妊娠。则下列药物哪一组不能使用?(  )", "options": {"A": "异烟肼和对氨基水杨酸钠", "B": "异烟肼和吡嗪酰胺", "C": "利福平和链霉素", "D": "异烟肼和丙硫异烟胺"}, "answer": "利福平和链霉素", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "发作时心电图ST段抬高的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "变异型心绞痛", "B": "初发型心绞痛", "C": "稳定型心绞痛", "D": "梗死后心绞痛"}, "answer": "变异型心绞痛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于室间隔缺损胸部X线征象,以下错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺血管影增粗", "B": "肺动脉段突出", "C": "心尖圆钝上翘", "D": "主动脉弓影较小"}, "answer": "心尖圆钝上翘", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列有关普萘洛尔的描述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "已广泛用于高血压的治疗", "B": "对伴有心绞痛者可减少发作", "C": "用量个体差异大,一般应从小剂量开始", "D": "抗高血压作用优于AT1受体阻断药"}, "answer": "抗高血压作用优于AT1受体阻断药", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "特征表现为多见于6月~2岁的婴幼儿,高热3~5天,热退疹出的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "幼儿急疹", "B": "麻疹", "C": "风疹", "D": "水痘"}, "answer": "幼儿急疹", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.违背人体实验知情同意原则的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "以健康人或病人作为人体实验的受试对象", "B": "人体实验时使用对照和双盲法", "C": "人体实验都需要伦理委员会审查", "D": "参与人体实验的受试者只有得到专家的允许后,中途才可以退出实验"}, "answer": "参与人体实验的受试者只有得到专家的允许后,中途才可以退出实验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对食物中毒的正确描述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一种食源性肠道传染病的总称", "B": "摄入有毒有害物质的食品而引起的非传染性急性、亚急性疾病", "C": "长期摄入某些有毒有害食品引起的慢性毒害性疾病", "D": "由致病性细菌引起的食源性疾病的总称"}, "answer": "摄入有毒有害物质的食品而引起的非传染性急性、亚急性疾病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗立克次体感染宜选(  )。", "options": {"A": "磺胺嘧啶", "B": "四环素", "C": "链霉素", "D": "多黏菌素"}, "answer": "四环素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.呼吸性酸中毒(  )。", "options": {"A": "pH:7.35;PaO2:95mmHg;PaCO2:40mmHg;HCO3-:27mmol;BE:+2mmol/L", "B": "pH:7.25;PaO2:80mmHg;PaCO2:70mmHg;HCO3-:23mmol;BE:+1mmol/L", "C": "pH:7.20;PaO2:96mmHg;PaCO2:55mmHg;HCO3-:18mmol;BE:-3mmol/L", "D": "pH:7.40;PaO2:98mmHg;PaCO2:45mmHg;HCO3-:23mmol;BE:+2.3mmol/L"}, "answer": "pH:7.25;PaO2:80mmHg;PaCO2:70mmHg;HCO3-:23mmol;BE:+1mmol/L", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某人已被确诊为某病,而本人否认自己有病,此人角色行为属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "角色行为减退", "B": "角色行为强化", "C": "角色行为缺如", "D": "角色行为异常"}, "answer": "角色行为缺如", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "婴幼儿患化脓性脑膜炎时,最常见的病原菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑膜炎双球菌、流感嗜血杆菌", "B": "肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌", "C": "大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌", "D": "铜绿假单胞菌、β-溶血性链球菌"}, "answer": "肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,48岁。因胆道梗阻,并发休克入院。使用去甲肾上腺素升压血压不易维持,波动较大,应用氢化可的松后血压升高并维持平稳,治疗3天时,患者出现精神失常,躁狂。1.患者出现精神失常,躁狂,因氢化可的松(  )。", "options": {"A": "提高中枢神经的兴奋性", "B": "加速蛋白质的分解代谢", "C": "减少脑组织对葡萄糖的利用", "D": "增强升压药的作用"}, "answer": "提高中枢神经的兴奋性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,38岁。上腹不适、纳差3年,体重减轻,乏力半年。查体:贫血貌,上腹部轻压痛,Hb 88g/L,MCV 115fl,胃镜检查示胃体皱襞稀疏,黏膜血管透见。3.该患者发生贫血最可能的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素C缺乏", "B": "铁吸收障碍", "C": "蛋白质吸收障碍", "D": "内因子缺乏"}, "answer": "内因子缺乏", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "病人术后的处理中错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃肠道手术病人肛门排气后,可开始进食", "B": "腹部的减张缝线一般在术后2周左右拆除", "C": "伤口的乳胶片引流一般在术后4~7日拔除", "D": "一般性手术后的病人,应鼓励早期活动"}, "answer": "伤口的乳胶片引流一般在术后4~7日拔除", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.高血压合并窦性心动过速的患者首选的降压药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "美托洛尔", "B": "氢氯噻嗪", "C": "特拉唑嗪", "D": "氨氯地平"}, "answer": "美托洛尔", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在医德评价中常常通过社会舆论来进行,下列社会舆论除哪一项外都是可取的?(  )", "options": {"A": "有些医务人员采取用药、休假、迁就病人不合理的要求,以取悦病人来获取好的医德社会舆论", "B": "医德社会舆论中必须是多数人有共同看法,少数人看法形不成舆论", "C": "医德社会舆论有二部分,一部分是有领导、有组织就医疗卫生某思想观点的讨论,另一部分是自发形成的某一看法", "D": "医德社会舆论就是众人对医疗卫生工作评论,必须有一定人群,对某一问题有明确看法"}, "answer": "有些医务人员采取用药、休假、迁就病人不合理的要求,以取悦病人来获取好的医德社会舆论", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "甲亢性心脏病的老年患者,根治甲状腺功能亢进症应(  )。", "options": {"A": "大剂量普萘洛尔", "B": "抗甲状腺药物", "C": "核素131I治疗", "D": "复方碘溶液"}, "answer": "核素131I治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,45岁。右下肢静脉迂曲扩张15年,长期站立有酸胀感。近1年右靴区颜色加深、肿胀,大隐静脉瓣膜功能试验(+),深静脉通畅试验(-)。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动静脉炎", "B": "单纯性下肢静脉曲张", "C": "血栓性浅静脉炎", "D": "下肢深静脉血栓形成"}, "answer": "单纯性下肢静脉曲张", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.苍白球黑质病变将导致(  )。", "options": {"A": "静止性震颤", "B": "舞蹈病", "C": "躯干性共济失调", "D": "闭目难立征阳性"}, "answer": "静止性震颤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一眼静止时处于内收位,瞳孔对光反应正常,被损害的脑神经是(  )。", "options": {"A": "展神经", "B": "动眼神经", "C": "面神经", "D": "三叉神经"}, "answer": "展神经", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,68岁。阵发性腹痛1年,自觉有“气块”在腹中窜动,起初大便次数增加,近3个月腹胀、便秘,近3天无肛门排气排便,呕吐物有粪便臭味,一直感觉乏力和低热。2.该患者引起梗阻的病因最可能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肿瘤", "B": "肠系膜血栓", "C": "粪块", "D": "炎性狭窄"}, "answer": "肿瘤", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "新生儿ABO溶血病血型不合是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "母亲为B型,新生儿是O型", "B": "母亲为AB型,新生儿是O型", "C": "母亲为O型,新生儿是A型或B型", "D": "母亲为O型,新生儿是AB型"}, "answer": "母亲为O型,新生儿是A型或B型", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.20岁女患者,因发作性头痛1年余来就医。在头痛前偶有极短暂而轻微的视力模糊,继之半侧头痛,左右不定,常伴恶心,呕吐,可持续2~3天缓解。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "典型偏头痛", "B": "普通型偏头痛", "C": "群集性头痛", "D": "基底动脉型偏头痛"}, "answer": "普通型偏头痛", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "属于营养必需氨基酸的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甘氨酸", "B": "酪氨酸", "C": "甲硫氨酸", "D": "谷氨酸"}, "answer": "甲硫氨酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.肾动脉狭窄者慎用(  )。", "options": {"A": "环磷酰胺", "B": "卡托普利", "C": "低分子肝素", "D": "甲泼尼龙"}, "answer": "卡托普利", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,28岁。被车撞伤在左腰部,伤后腰部痛。全程血尿伴血块8小时。查体:BP 70/50mmHg,P 120次/min,左腰部包块季肋下5指并触痛。经输血800ml,血压仅上升到80/60mmHg,尿色无改变,左腰部肿块增大,B超对侧肾正常。该患者应立即采取的最佳治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "快速输血补液", "B": "经11肋间切口肾切除术", "C": "继续输血下经腹行肾切除术", "D": "继续输血下经腹先阻断肾蒂探查肾脏,根据情况采取肾修补、肾部分切除或肾切除术"}, "answer": "继续输血下经腹先阻断肾蒂探查肾脏,根据情况采取肾修补、肾部分切除或肾切除术", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "神经衰弱的情绪症状主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "烦恼、紧张、易激惹", "B": "情感高涨", "C": "情绪低落", "D": "焦虑"}, "answer": "烦恼、紧张、易激惹", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于脑出血,下列哪项为最确切的诊断依据?(  )", "options": {"A": "均有偏瘫", "B": "脑脊液血性", "C": "突然偏瘫,头部CT见基底节区附近高密度影", "D": "均有脑膜刺激征"}, "answer": "突然偏瘫,头部CT见基底节区附近高密度影", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "成人阑尾炎切除术后1天出现烦躁、剧烈腹痛,心率112次/分,血压90/60mmHg,腹胀、全腹压痛,肠鸣音弱。为除外腹腔内出血,首要的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B超", "B": "MRI", "C": "腹腔穿剌", "D": "立位腹平片"}, "answer": "腹腔穿剌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.特异性高,但与SLE活动性无关(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗核抗体", "B": "抗Sm抗体", "C": "抗磷脂抗体", "D": "类风湿因子"}, "answer": "抗Sm抗体", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,36岁。不慎跌入热水池中烫伤臀部及双下肢。按新九分法其烧伤面积是(  )。", "options": {"A": "27%", "B": "36%", "C": "46%", "D": "44%"}, "answer": "46%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,5岁,于8月中旬发病,高热2小时,抽搐1次,有进不洁食物史,无呕吐、腹泻。查体:面色苍白,意识朦胧,四肢凉,血压70/40mmHg。2.为下一步确诊首选做哪一项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑脊液检查", "B": "便常规", "C": "脑电图", "D": "血培养"}, "answer": "便常规", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,28岁。心悸、无力、手颤抖3个月,大便每日2~3次,不成形。体重下降5kg,1周前诊断为甲状腺功能亢进症,尚未治疗,昨晚饮白酒半斤,呕吐一次,晨起醒来发现双下肢不能活动。2.下肢不能活动的紧急处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服大剂量β受体阻滞剂", "B": "静脉补钾", "C": "口服丙硫氧嘧啶", "D": "注射B族维生素"}, "answer": "静脉补钾", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.破伤风的治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗毒素血清", "B": "丙种球蛋白", "C": "免疫毒素", "D": "抗HIV血清"}, "answer": "抗毒素血清", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "5岁女孩,因活动后气促2年就诊。体检:体格较瘦小,无发绀,双肺呼吸音清,P2亢进、分裂、胸骨左缘第2、3肋间闻及2/6级收缩期杂音。5.对此病目前最先进的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "开胸修补术", "B": "经导管封堵术", "C": "经导管栓塞术", "D": "经导管修补术"}, "answer": "经导管封堵术", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,50岁。间歇性水肿20年,恶心呕吐2周,血压150/100mmHg,Hb 80g/L。尿蛋白(++)、蜡样管型(+),血BUN 40mmol/L,Scr 760μmol/L,血钾5.5mmol/L。最适宜的首选治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "利尿剂", "B": "纠正贫血", "C": "禁食疗法", "D": "血液透析"}, "answer": "血液透析", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1岁男婴,因腹胀、便秘、反应低下、少哭、多睡11个月来诊。体检;T 36.2℃,四肢稍凉,皮肤粗糙,毛发枯黄稀疏,心率68次/min,心音低钝,眼距宽,唇厚舌大。身高70cm,四肢短粗,不会独坐及爬行,表情呆滞,哭声嘶哑,腹部膨隆,有脐疝。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "黏多糖病", "B": "苯丙酮尿症", "C": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症", "D": "染色体病"}, "answer": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不符合21-三体综合征特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫功能低下", "B": "白血病的发生率较低", "C": "性发育延迟", "D": "喂养困难"}, "answer": "白血病的发生率较低", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "35岁女性,血红蛋白80g/L,网织红细胞1.5%,白细胞、血小板正常。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "缺铁性贫血", "B": "溶血性贫血", "C": "再生障碍性贫血", "D": "巨幼细胞性贫血"}, "answer": "缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,35岁,颈前区肿块10年,近年来易出汗、心悸,渐感呼吸困难。体检:晨起心率104次/分,BP 120/60mmHg;无突眼,甲状腺Ⅲ度肿大,结节状,心电图示窦性心律不齐。2.确诊主要根据(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈部CT", "B": "血T3、T4值", "C": "甲状腺B超", "D": "颈部X线检查"}, "answer": "血T3、T4值", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "上消化道出血表现为呕血或黑便,主要取决于(  )。", "options": {"A": "出血的速度和量", "B": "出血部位的高低", "C": "出血的部位", "D": "胃肠蠕动情况"}, "answer": "出血的速度和量", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.上述哪项是引起支气管平滑肌舒张的肾上腺素能受体?(  )", "options": {"A": "β1受体", "B": "β2受体", "C": "M受体", "D": "N1受体"}, "answer": "β2受体", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性病员,王某,55岁。因患乙状结肠癌行肿瘤切除、结肠造瘘术。术中顺利,在关腹前,输A型血约50m1,病员突然出现寒战、伤口渗血,导尿为全程血尿,当即认定系输血引起的溶血反应,立即停止输血、进行抢救;同时复查,病员系O型血,即改输O型血400ml。由于发现及时,抢救得当,病员转危为安。经调查发现系血库工作人员甲将血样试管搞错,导致定错血型,发生溶血反应。甲的行为违反了《临床输血技术规范》的(  )。", "options": {"A": "输血申请规定", "B": "交叉配血规定", "C": "发血规定", "D": "输血规定"}, "answer": "交叉配血规定", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "细胞坏死的主要形态学特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "核分裂", "B": "线粒体肿胀", "C": "细胞核碎裂", "D": "细胞质脂质增多"}, "answer": "细胞核碎裂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于暴发型流行性脑炎,描述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "常见周围循环衰竭", "B": "皮肤黏膜广泛瘀点、瘀斑", "C": "蜘蛛膜下腔大量脓细胞", "D": "双侧肾上腺出血"}, "answer": "蜘蛛膜下腔大量脓细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,45岁,发现左乳房肿块10个月,近日发现左腋下淋巴结肿大而来就诊,体检:左乳房外上象限可扪及一5cm×5cm×4cm大小的肿块,质硬,推不动,乳房皮肤表面呈橘皮样,左侧腋窝可触及直径约1.5cm肿大淋巴结2个,无压痛,可移动。3.应选择哪项手术方案?(  )", "options": {"A": "乳癌根治切除术", "B": "扩大乳癌根治切除术", "C": "单纯左乳房切除术", "D": "保留乳房的乳腺癌切除"}, "answer": "乳癌根治切除术", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于调定点的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "温度敏感神经元起着调定点的作用", "B": "规定数值为37℃", "C": "发热时调定点不变", "D": "致热原可使调定点上移"}, "answer": "发热时调定点不变", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "新修订的《传染病防治法》增加的乙类传染病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "艾滋病与钩端螺旋体病", "B": "布氏杆菌病与梅毒", "C": "传染性非典型肺炎与人感染高致病性禽流感", "D": "黑热病与流行性感冒"}, "answer": "传染性非典型肺炎与人感染高致病性禽流感", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,55岁。左乳房红肿、增大1个月,进展较快,无疼痛、发热。查体:左乳房红肿,局部温度略高,发硬,但未触及包块,左腋窝有肿大淋巴结,稍硬,活动度好,无压痛。血常规正常。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺增生症", "B": "急性乳腺炎", "C": "导管内乳头状瘤", "D": "炎性乳腺癌"}, "answer": "炎性乳腺癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "经高压蒸汽灭菌的物品一般可保留(  )。", "options": {"A": "5天", "B": "7天", "C": "10天", "D": "14天"}, "answer": "14天", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,66岁。有风湿性心脏病和脑卒中史。为预防血栓栓塞,宜长期使用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "华法林", "B": "阿司匹林", "C": "潘生丁", "D": "低分子量肝素"}, "answer": "华法林", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "情绪发生的理论,下面正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "外周学说", "B": "丘脑学说", "C": "认知学说", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "适合无偿献血公民的年龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "16~60周岁", "B": "18~60周岁", "C": "18~55周岁", "D": "20~55周岁"}, "answer": "18~55周岁", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,38岁。上腹部不适、食欲减退3年,体重减轻、乏力半年。查体:贫血貌,上腹部轻压痛。Hb 88g/L,MCV 115fl。胃镜检查示胃体皱襞稀疏、黏膜血管透见。1.该患者应首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Menetrier病", "B": "慢性浅表性胃炎", "C": "慢性萎缩性胃炎", "D": "胃癌"}, "answer": "慢性萎缩性胃炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于己糖激酶的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "它催化的反应基本上是可逆的", "B": "使葡萄糖活化以便参加反应", "C": "催化反应生成6-磷酸果酸", "D": "是酵解途径的惟一关键酶"}, "answer": "使葡萄糖活化以便参加反应", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对低温敏感的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑膜炎奈瑟菌", "B": "脆弱类杆菌", "C": "伤寒杆菌", "D": "布氏杆菌"}, "answer": "脑膜炎奈瑟菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某研究者采用随机单盲临床试验比较两种降压药(波依定与洛汀新)对轻中度原发性高血压患者的降压疗效。其单盲设计中不了解试验分组情况的人是(  )。", "options": {"A": "测量血压的护士", "B": "实施治疗的医生", "C": "负责设计的研究者", "D": "接受治疗的患者"}, "answer": "接受治疗的患者", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "生化反应为葡萄糖分解(+)、乳糖分解(-)、产生H2S(+++)、动力(+),此细菌可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大肠埃希菌", "B": "志贺菌", "C": "甲型副伤寒沙门菌", "D": "乙型副伤寒沙门菌"}, "answer": "甲型副伤寒沙门菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不属于甲肝病毒特点的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "属于小DNA病毒", "B": "传染源为患者", "C": "主要经粪-口传播", "D": "可用减毒活疫苗预防"}, "answer": "属于小DNA病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.最支持结核性腹膜炎诊断的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹水比重<1.018,蛋白<25g/L", "B": "腹水白蛋白数>500×106/L,以多核细胞为主", "C": "腹水比重>1.018,蛋白>30g/L,腹水白细胞以单核细胞为主", "D": "血性腹水"}, "answer": "腹水比重>1.018,蛋白>30g/L,腹水白细胞以单核细胞为主", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "骨巨细胞瘤的性质属(  )。", "options": {"A": "恶性", "B": "潜在恶性", "C": "高度恶性", "D": "性质不明"}, "answer": "潜在恶性", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "高血压伴有肾功不全者最好选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "利血平", "B": "氢氯噻嗪", "C": "卡托普利", "D": "胍乙啶"}, "answer": "卡托普利", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于骨肉瘤的叙述不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高度恶性的骨肿瘤", "B": "多发生在年轻人", "C": "多见于骨骺生长最活跃的部位,如股骨远端,胫骨、腓骨和肱骨近端", "D": "以上都不正确"}, "answer": "以上都不正确", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.关节结核的手术治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "关节清理术", "B": "腰椎截骨术", "C": "切开引流术", "D": "病灶清除术"}, "answer": "病灶清除术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性痛风性关节炎的主要临床特点不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "秋水仙碱治疗可迅速缓解关节炎症状", "B": "单侧第一掌指关节肿痛最为常见", "C": "在偏振光显微镜下,关节液内发现呈双折光的针形尿酸盐结晶", "D": "疼痛剧烈,初次发作常呈自限性"}, "answer": "单侧第一掌指关节肿痛最为常见", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,28岁,心悸、甲状腺肿大,并伴有轻度呼吸不畅、压迫感,首次妊娠2个月余,诊为原发性甲亢,治疗方法最有效的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "终止妊娠", "B": "抗甲状腺药物治疗", "C": "131I治疗", "D": "甲状腺大部切除"}, "answer": "甲状腺大部切除", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "组成核酸的基本结构单位是?(  )", "options": {"A": "核糖和磷酸", "B": "碱基和核糖", "C": "核苷酸", "D": "脱氧核苷和碱基"}, "answer": "核苷酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.扑翼样震颤无法引出而脑电图明显异常的肝性脑病属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝性脑病前驱期", "B": "肝性脑病昏睡期", "C": "肝性脑病昏迷期", "D": "隐性肝性脑病"}, "answer": "肝性脑病昏迷期", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.间叶组织中幼稚的成纤维细胞在损伤后转变为成骨细胞称(  )。", "options": {"A": "增生", "B": "萎缩", "C": "化生", "D": "代偿"}, "answer": "化生", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于脊柱结核,下列哪项不正确(  )。", "options": {"A": "绝大多数的椎体病灶只有一处,少数可呈跳跃性", "B": "小儿椎体结核多从椎体边缘开始", "C": "颈、胸椎椎体结核可合并截瘫", "D": "造成截瘫的原因,在病变活动期,多由于结核坏死物质压迫脊髓所致"}, "answer": "小儿椎体结核多从椎体边缘开始", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪项不是枕骨大孔疝的常见病变?(  )", "options": {"A": "大脑半球肿瘤", "B": "听神经瘤", "C": "四脑室室管膜瘤", "D": "脑干胶质瘤"}, "answer": "大脑半球肿瘤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,女,9岁。水肿1个月。查体:BP 135/95mmHg,颜面和四肢明显水肿。实验室检查:尿蛋白(+++),24小时尿蛋白定量2.5g,血浆清蛋白28g/L,尿素氮10mmol/L,血补体C30.65g/L。2.若患儿突然出现肉眼血尿伴腰痛,最可能并发(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾静脉血栓", "B": "间质性肾炎", "C": "肾结石", "D": "泌尿系感染"}, "answer": "肾静脉血栓", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,25岁。肉眼血尿,进行性尿量减少伴恶心、呕吐1周。查体:BP 160/90mmHg,双下肢中度凹陷性水肿。尿蛋白(++),尿RBC20~30/HP,血Hb 90g/L,Scr 490μmol/L,B超示双肾增大。最可能的临床诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾盂肾炎", "B": "慢性肾小球肾炎急性发作", "C": "急性肾小球肾炎", "D": "急进性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "急进性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "口服铁剂治疗缺铁性贫血的正规治疗应该是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不问断地服用6~8周", "B": "到略低于正常血红蛋白值然后待其自然增长到正常水平", "C": "服至血红蛋白高于正常水平,以免复发", "D": "血红蛋白达正常后再继续服1个月,6个月时还可复治3~4周"}, "answer": "血红蛋白达正常后再继续服1个月,6个月时还可复治3~4周", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.上述哪项是分泌胃液中H+的细胞(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃壁细胞", "B": "胃主细胞", "C": "胃肠黏液细胞", "D": "胃窦黏膜G细胞"}, "answer": "胃壁细胞", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对慢性丙型肝炎的治疗,下述哪一项不是应用干扰素治疗的目的?(  )", "options": {"A": "使血清ALT恢复正常", "B": "中止或减缓病程,防止肝硬化", "C": "改善肝脏组织学病变", "D": "消除血清中抗HCV"}, "answer": "消除血清中抗HCV", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肿大的肝脏弥漫分布无数小结节,直径0.1~0.5cm,散在分布较大结节,最大直径6cm。镜检:假小叶形成,大型结节无包膜,由多角形、胞浆丰富、核大深染的细胞组成,呈小梁状或巢状排列,其间有血窦,正确的病理诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结节型肝癌", "B": "结节型肝硬化", "C": "肝细胞癌、结节型肝硬化", "D": "坏死后性肝硬化、肝癌"}, "answer": "肝细胞癌、结节型肝硬化", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.治疗脊髓损伤所引起的肌强直的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "地西泮", "B": "乙琥胺", "C": "氯丙嗪", "D": "苯妥英钠"}, "answer": "地西泮", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "中度敌百虫中毒患者,下述哪一项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "立即用2%NaHCO3水10000ml彻底洗胃", "B": "立即静脉注射阿托品", "C": "根据病情和治疗反应调整药物剂量", "D": "缓解后观察3~5天,注意病情变化"}, "answer": "立即用2%NaHCO3水10000ml彻底洗胃", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "直肠长度约为(  )。", "options": {"A": "5~10cm", "B": "12~15cm", "C": "16~20cm", "D": "21~25cm"}, "answer": "12~15cm", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,男,出生后5个月发病。反复感染,淋巴组织中查不到mIg阳性细胞,无生发中心,扁桃体小,血清中IgG、IgA、IgD含量极低,T细胞功能正常。其诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Bruton(慢性无丙球血症)", "B": "IgE缺陷,伴IgM增高", "C": "婴儿暂时性低丙球血症", "D": "常见多变型免疫缺陷"}, "answer": "Bruton(慢性无丙球血症)", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.基本生命中枢位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "延髓", "B": "脑桥", "C": "中脑", "D": "下丘脑"}, "answer": "延髓", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于细胞间信息物质的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是指具有调节细胞生命活动的化学物质", "B": "细胞释放的所有化学物质均属信息物质", "C": "信息物质也存在于细胞内", "D": "会引起靶细胞产生生物学效应"}, "answer": "细胞释放的所有化学物质均属信息物质", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,50岁,反复呕吐4日,尿少,四肢厥冷。查体:血压90/60mmHg,血钠128mmol/L。3.若患者入院时pH 7.33,纠正缺水后,是否补充碱剂应根据(  )。", "options": {"A": "血钠", "B": "尿量", "C": "呼吸", "D": "血气分析"}, "answer": "血气分析", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,72岁。咳嗽、咳痰30年,加重伴气短10天。查体:神志清楚,口唇发绀,桶状胸,双肺闻及少许干湿性啰音。胸部X线片示双肺纹理增粗、紊乱。血气分析示:PaO2 55mmHg,PaCO2 39mmHg。该患者发生呼吸衰竭最主要的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺内分流", "B": "弥散功能障碍", "C": "肺通气不足", "D": "氧耗量增加"}, "answer": "肺通气不足", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,41岁。1周前受凉后干咳、胸闷,接触冷空气后明显,无发热,自服“阿奇霉素”无效。既往皮肤常出现瘙痒并起风团,服用“扑尔敏”症状可好转。查体:双肺呼吸音清。胸部X线未见异常。为明确诊断首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血IgE", "B": "肺功能", "C": "皮肤过敏原试验", "D": "痰涂片嗜酸性粒细胞计数"}, "answer": "肺功能", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,54岁。渐进性水肿半年,无糖尿病病史,Cr 78mmol/L,C3正常,ANA(-),蛋白尿(++),血压150/90mmHg。2.肾脏在光镜下的特征性病理表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内皮细胞和系膜细胞增生", "B": "镜下无异常变化", "C": "肾小球毛细血管壁增厚", "D": "新月体形成"}, "answer": "肾小球毛细血管壁增厚", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "同一细胞兴奋传导的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动作电位沿细胞膜传导到整个细胞", "B": "传导方式是通过产生局部电流刺激未兴奋部位,使之也出现动作电位", "C": "动作电位幅度随传导距离增加而减小", "D": "在有髓纤维是跳跃式传导"}, "answer": "动作电位幅度随传导距离增加而减小", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "与EB病毒感染无关的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鼻咽癌", "B": "淋巴组织增生性疾病", "C": "宫颈癌", "D": "非洲儿童恶性淋巴瘤"}, "answer": "宫颈癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,22岁,半年前曾患右股骨急性化脓性骨髓炎,经治疗后好转,但局部有窦道形成,常有少许稀黄色脓汁流出,近4日瘘道口闭合,但出现高热,局部压痛明显,并有红肿,X线片示有死骨存留,而且包壳形成充分,应立即采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "瘘道搔刮术", "B": "瘘道切除,一期缝合", "C": "死骨摘除,植骨术", "D": "切开引流"}, "answer": "切开引流", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,38岁。接触性出血半年。妇科检查:外阴、阴道无异常,宫颈轻度压痛,触之易出血。子宫正常大小,双侧附件未触及异常。1.首选的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阴道镜检查", "B": "宫颈活检", "C": "宫颈冷刀锥切术", "D": "宫颈细胞学检查"}, "answer": "宫颈细胞学检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "吗啡镇痛作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阻断大脑边缘系统的阿片受体", "B": "激动大脑边缘系统的阿片受体", "C": "激动脑室导水管周围灰质的阿片受体", "D": "阻断脑室导水管周围灰质的阿片受体"}, "answer": "激动脑室导水管周围灰质的阿片受体", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小脑幕切迹疝的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "意识丧失", "B": "癫痫发作", "C": "双侧瞳孔散大", "D": "同侧锥体束征"}, "answer": "意识丧失", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "与致病性相关的细菌结构是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中介体", "B": "异染颗粒", "C": "芽胞", "D": "荚膜"}, "answer": "荚膜", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于炎症的叙述,恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "致炎因子未必都是损伤因子", "B": "炎症反应不会损伤机体", "C": "任何损伤必然会引起炎症", "D": "炎症是一种损伤后防御性反应"}, "answer": "炎症是一种损伤后防御性反应", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "中年女性,一年前有流产史,现阴道流血不止,贫血外观,子宫体积增大。近来咳嗽、咯血。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺结核", "B": "子宫绒毛膜癌", "C": "葡萄胎", "D": "子宫内膜癌"}, "answer": "子宫绒毛膜癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "唯一能通过胎盘进入胎儿体内的免疫球蛋白是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgA", "B": "IgG", "C": "IgD", "D": "IgE"}, "answer": "IgG", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是新型隐球菌引起的主要疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "慢性脑膜炎", "B": "鹅口疮", "C": "流行性乙型脑炎", "D": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎"}, "answer": "慢性脑膜炎", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,40岁,农民,发热、头痛、腰痛、恶心3天。体检:体温39.2℃,血压95/65mmHg,面颈及前胸部皮肤潮红,球结膜充血、水肿,可见出血点,腋下及背部见条索状出血点。拟诊断为流行性出血热。1.该患者出血的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血小板功能障碍", "B": "凝血因子消耗", "C": "血管壁脆性增加,血小板数量减少", "D": "血中肝素类抗凝物质增加"}, "answer": "血管壁脆性增加,血小板数量减少", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "交感神经兴奋可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "逼尿肌收缩", "B": "瞳孔缩小", "C": "肠蠕动增强", "D": "心率加快"}, "answer": "心率加快", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,69岁,因少尿、水肿1周,心慌、胸闷1d住院,3个月前因直肠癌行腹部造瘘手术,当时查血肌酐137μmol/L。既往有前列腺增生病史7年。近半年尿颊,排尿困难。尿常规检查蛋白(-),血常规HB 100g/L,血清钾68 mmol/L,BUN 37.5mmol/L,血肌酐109μmol/L。1.肾功能急剧恶化的原因中可能性最小的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾血管栓塞或痛栓形成", "B": "新月体肾炎所致", "C": "肾后梗阻所致", "D": "肾实质肿瘤破坏所致"}, "answer": "新月体肾炎所致", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于原发性肾小球疾病的光镜下病理特点,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "微小病变型肾病无明显异常,电镜下见上皮细胞肿胀、足突广泛融合", "B": "急进性肾炎是30%以上肾小球的肾小囊中有大新月体形成。", "C": "急性链球菌感染后肾小球肾炎是弥漫性增生性肾小球炎症(内皮与系膜细胞增生)", "D": "系膜增生性肾炎是系膜细胞及肾小球基底膜不同程度的弥漫增生"}, "answer": "急进性肾炎是30%以上肾小球的肾小囊中有大新月体形成。", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.与肝癌有关(  )。", "options": {"A": "HPV", "B": "EB病毒", "C": "HBV", "D": "SARS病毒"}, "answer": "HBV", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.含三个胚层组织成分的肿瘤(  )。", "options": {"A": "混合痣", "B": "皮内痣", "C": "交界痣", "D": "畸胎瘤"}, "answer": "畸胎瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者,查:血小板10×109/L。1.该患者首先的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺皮质激素", "B": "脾切除", "C": "免疫抑制剂", "D": "中西医结合治疗"}, "answer": "肾上腺皮质激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,59岁。进行性呼吸困难1个月,无发热。体检示气管向右侧偏移,左侧胸廓饱满,左肺叩诊呈实音,呼吸音消失,诊为胸腔积液。胸水检查示,外观呈淡黄色,比重1.024,有核细胞数1000×106/L,单核细胞0.80,胸水总蛋白36g/L。2.对该患者的胸水做进一步检查,下列检查结果支持上述病因诊断的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄糖含量4.4mmol/L", "B": "LDH 230U/L", "C": "ADA 16U/L", "D": "pH 7.35"}, "answer": "ADA 16U/L", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.描述事物内部各组成部分所占比重宜使用(  )。", "options": {"A": "散点图", "B": "圆图", "C": "直方图", "D": "线图"}, "answer": "圆图", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,32岁。反复皮肤紫癜1个月,加重并腹痛2天。查体:四肢皮肤散在紫癜,心肺未见异常,腹平软,脐周轻压痛,无反跳痛和肌紧张,肝脾肋下未触及,肠鸣音6次/分。临床诊断为过敏性紫癜。2.可证实上述诊断类型的检查结果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大关节肿胀,有压痛", "B": "尿常规异常(血尿、蛋白尿、管型尿)", "C": "粪常规异常(有红细胞,隐血阳性)", "D": "粪隐血阳性、尿沉渣镜检红细胞6~8/Hp"}, "answer": "粪常规异常(有红细胞,隐血阳性)", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,女,4岁,反复咳嗽2个月。查体:体温正常,浅表淋巴结(-)。咽(-),两肺布满哮鸣音,无水泡音,反复抗生素治疗不愈,以往无呛咳病史,有过敏性鼻炎。3.首选哪项治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "骨化三醇+氨基酸", "B": "丙酸倍氯米松+沙丁胺醇", "C": "利巴韦林(病毒唑)+特布他林", "D": "多巴酚丁胺+丙酸倍氯米松"}, "answer": "丙酸倍氯米松+沙丁胺醇", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.乳房胀痛和肿块,疼痛与月经周期有关系的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺囊性增生病", "B": "乳腺纤维腺瘤", "C": "急性乳腺炎", "D": "乳腺癌"}, "answer": "乳腺囊性增生病", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,74岁,右侧腹股沟区可复性肿块8年。查体:患者直立时,在腹股沟内侧端、耻骨结节上外方有一4cm×4cm半球形肿物,来进入阴囊,平卧后自行消失。2.该患者最有效的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "用棉线束带或绷带压迫内环口", "B": "禁烟、控制呼吸道感染", "C": "注射硬化剂", "D": "疝修补术"}, "answer": "疝修补术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性膀胱刺激症患者,静脉尿路造影见右肾上盏有破坏,可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "右肾肿瘤", "B": "右肾炎", "C": "右肾结核", "D": "右肾乳头炎"}, "answer": "右肾结核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,22岁。手枪子弹射中左股根部2天。体检发现伤口红肿,有少许脓性分泌物,且子弹只有入口没有出口,应采取的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即取出子弹", "B": "清创缝合", "C": "引流", "D": "换药"}, "answer": "引流", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "原始骨痂的形成一般需要(  )。", "options": {"A": "2周", "B": "4~8周", "C": "8~12周", "D": "12周以上"}, "answer": "4~8周", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "普萘洛尔治疗心绞痛有哪种缺点?(  )", "options": {"A": "无冠脉及外周血管扩张作用", "B": "抑制心肌收缩力,心室容积增加", "C": "突然停药可导致“反跳”", "D": "以上均是"}, "answer": "以上均是", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "TC细胞(CTL)杀伤肿瘤细胞的机制不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "分泌穿孔素溶解破坏瘤细胞", "B": "分泌TNF等细胞因子间接杀伤瘤细胞", "C": "通过ADCC作用杀伤肿瘤细胞", "D": "通过Fas/FasL途径诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡"}, "answer": "通过ADCC作用杀伤肿瘤细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.糖尿病酮症酸中毒(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿糖(++++),酮体(-)", "B": "尿糖(++++),酮体强阳性", "C": "尿糖(-),酮体(-)", "D": "尿糖(-),酮体(+)"}, "answer": "尿糖(++++),酮体强阳性", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不属于骨折特有体征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨擦音", "B": "局部肿胀", "C": "局部异常活动", "D": "骨擦感"}, "answer": "局部肿胀", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于限制内切酶的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可将单链DNA随机切开", "B": "由噬菌体提取而得", "C": "可将双链DNA特异切开", "D": "可将两个DNA片段连接起来"}, "answer": "可将双链DNA特异切开", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于癔症的叙述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "具有表演型人格特征的人易患癔症", "B": "一般有相应的器质性病变基础", "C": "可以表现为精神病状态", "D": "一般预后较好"}, "answer": "一般有相应的器质性病变基础", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.卡托普利的作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "远曲小管近端Na+-Cl-共转运子", "B": "抑制血管紧张素转换酶活性", "C": "阻滞Ca2+通道", "D": "增强心肌收缩力"}, "answer": "抑制血管紧张素转换酶活性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有一名病人,患脑肿瘤,已形成枕骨大孔疝,可能是什么肿瘤(  )。", "options": {"A": "额叶肿瘤", "B": "顶叶肿瘤", "C": "枕叶肿瘤", "D": "小脑肿瘤"}, "answer": "小脑肿瘤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "7个月女婴,以发热、咳嗽、喘憋6天为主诉入院。入院后第二天患儿突然面色灰白,极度烦躁不安,呼吸明显增快,印次/分,听心音低钝,节律整,心率180次/分,呈奔马律,双肺闻及广泛的水泡音,肝肋下3cm,下肢有浮肿。血常规:白细胞55×109/L。胸片双肺见小片状影,肺纹理增强,肺气肿。1.该患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管肺炎合并心力衰竭", "B": "支气管肺炎合并肝炎", "C": "支气管肺炎合并中毒性脑病", "D": "支气管肺炎合并心肌炎"}, "answer": "支气管肺炎合并心力衰竭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于T、B细胞免疫耐受的特点正确的叙述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "诱导T细胞耐受所需时间长,B细胞短", "B": "高剂量TD-Ag不能使T、B细胞产生耐受", "C": "低剂量TD-Ag仅能使T细胞产生耐受,不能使B细胞产生耐受", "D": "低剂量的TI-Ag均能使T、B细胞产生耐受"}, "answer": "低剂量TD-Ag仅能使T细胞产生耐受,不能使B细胞产生耐受", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "麻疹早期诊断最有意义的症状、体征为(  )。", "options": {"A": "耳后及枕部淋巴结肿大", "B": "接触麻疹患者10~14天后,体温上升", "C": "Koplik斑", "D": "耳后、发际出现红色斑丘疹"}, "answer": "Koplik斑", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,34岁,上腹部疼痛3D,右下腹疼痛12h,体温37.8℃,既往有溃疡病史,拟诊急性阑尾炎行手术探查。术中发现右髂窝内有较多淡黄色浑浊液体,阑尾外观无异常。应考虑的原发病为(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性腹膜炎", "B": "单纯性阑尾炎", "C": "右侧输尿管结石伴感染", "D": "十二指肠壶腹部(球部)溃疡穿孔"}, "answer": "十二指肠壶腹部(球部)溃疡穿孔", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,30岁,继发不孕5年,经后4天突然高热,寒战,下腹痛,右侧甚,血压110/80mmHg,P 120次/分,体温39℃,白细胞18×109/L,中性80%,下腹轻压痛,妇查:宫颈稍大微软,有压痛,双侧附件增厚,压痛,诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性阑尾炎", "B": "急性盆腔结缔组织炎", "C": "急性子宫内膜炎", "D": "以上均不是"}, "answer": "急性盆腔结缔组织炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "盲肠癌患者最少见的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "缺铁性贫血", "B": "大肠梗阻", "C": "右下腹包块", "D": "原因不明的低热和消瘦"}, "answer": "大肠梗阻", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于维拉帕米的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "能改善心室的舒张功能", "B": "对肥厚性心肌病无效", "C": "禁用于严重心衰的病人", "D": "能增加缺血心肌的冠脉流量"}, "answer": "对肥厚性心肌病无效", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "婴儿,3个月,出生体重2.8kg,母乳喂养,未加辅食,食欲好。大便次数每日6~8次,为黄色软便无特殊臭味,经治无好转,现在体重5.5kg,体格检查未见异常。最可能的是下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "“生理性腹泻”", "B": "肠结核", "C": "迁延型腹泻", "D": "慢性痢疾"}, "answer": "“生理性腹泻”", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "确定一种传染病的检疫期是根据该病的(  )。", "options": {"A": "最短潜伏期", "B": "平均潜伏期", "C": "最长潜伏期", "D": "传染性大小"}, "answer": "最长潜伏期", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,35岁,药物流产后3天,高热伴右下腹痛1天,妇科检查:白带脓性,宫颈举痛,宫体大小如妊娠六周,右附件区有明显压痛。3.对该病人的正确处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "妇科手术处理", "B": "等待宫颈分泌物", "C": "临床应用抗生素", "D": "不做任何处理,待其自然好转"}, "answer": "临床应用抗生素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "新生儿血液中免疫球蛋白从母体通过胎盘获得的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgD", "B": "IgA", "C": "IgG", "D": "IgM"}, "answer": "IgG", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于念珠菌阴道炎的治疗,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "用4%碳酸氢钠液冲洗阴道", "B": "克霉唑栓剂放置阴道", "C": "甲硝唑栓剂放置阴道", "D": "积极治疗糖尿病"}, "answer": "甲硝唑栓剂放置阴道", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "童年期应特别注意以下心理培养,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "学习环境适应", "B": "学习模式学习", "C": "感知学训练", "D": "良好行为习惯塑造"}, "answer": "感知学训练", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于判断组织器官灌流不足,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤苍白", "B": "收缩压<90mmHg", "C": "中心静脉压6~8cmH2O(0.59~0.78kPa)", "D": "尿量<30ml/h"}, "answer": "中心静脉压6~8cmH2O(0.59~0.78kPa)", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "动作电位不因刺激频率增加而融合的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动作电位的产生是“全或无”的", "B": "动作电位的传导是“全或无”的", "C": "动作电位产生时有绝对不应期存在", "D": "复极相外流的K+来不及回到细胞内"}, "answer": "动作电位产生时有绝对不应期存在", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,48岁。月经不规则2年余,阴道不规则流血20天。查体:中度贫血貌,子宫略大,稍软,无压痛,宫旁未触及异常。为确定诊断,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "盆腔CT检查", "B": "分段诊刮", "C": "盆腔B超", "D": "阴道镜检查"}, "answer": "分段诊刮", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "O139群霍乱弧菌与O1群霍乱弧菌的区别在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "产生的肠毒素", "B": "病人以成人多见", "C": "在TCBS琼脂培养基呈黄色菌落", "D": "所致临床表现"}, "answer": "病人以成人多见", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,25岁,既往无精神病史,听闻其母急性心肌梗死去世后,患者不认识家人,反复念叨,不可能,你们骗我。1.此病人最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性应激障碍", "B": "癔症", "C": "病理性激情发作", "D": "躁狂状态"}, "answer": "急性应激障碍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女孩,1岁,面色渐苍黄,2个月烦躁不安,智力及动作发育倒退,出生后母乳喂养,未添加辅食。血常规:RBC 2.5×1012/L,MCV l09fl,WBC 5.0×109/L,中性粒细胞分叶过多,PLT 80×109/L。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "缺铁性贫血", "B": "溶血性贫血", "C": "营养性巨幼细胞贫血", "D": "地中海贫血"}, "answer": "营养性巨幼细胞贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "HLA—Ⅱ类抗原主要存在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "B细胞", "B": "单核细胞", "C": "内皮细胞", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,25岁,近3日咳嗽,高热39℃,咳铁锈色痰,WBC 18.5×109/L,X线胸片发现右肺中叶有大片阴影,临床诊断为大叶性肺炎。以下哪项为致病菌?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺炎球菌", "B": "嗜肺军团菌", "C": "肺炎杆菌", "D": "肺炎衣原体"}, "answer": "肺炎球菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.年长儿多见,肺部体征常不明显的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "B": "毛细支气管炎", "C": "支原体肺炎", "D": "支气管肺炎"}, "answer": "支原体肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.四肢手术术后拆线时间为(  )。", "options": {"A": "4~5天", "B": "6~7天", "C": "7~9天", "D": "10~12天"}, "answer": "10~12天", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "属于Ⅲ型超敏反应性疾病的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "过敏性鼻炎", "B": "新生儿溶血", "C": "Arthus反应", "D": "支气管哮喘"}, "answer": "Arthus反应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,26岁,人流后5个月,阴道不规则出血120天,伴头晕、乏力3天,近2天出现胸痛、咯血,妇科检查:子宫孕7周大小,质软,有轻度压痛,双侧可触及囊性肿物,直径均为5cm大小,胸部X线片提示双下肺多发圆形结节影。1.为明确诊断,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "痰细胞学检查", "B": "血常规", "C": "B超", "D": "血β-hCG"}, "answer": "血β-hCG", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "为探讨儿童白血病的病因,选择200例确诊白血病的儿童,同时选择200例同期同医院无白血病的儿童,然后调查其母亲孕期X线照射情况,此研究方法为(  )。", "options": {"A": "现况研究", "B": "病例对照研究", "C": "队列研究", "D": "临床实验研究"}, "answer": "病例对照研究", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "吗啡不用于慢性钝痛是因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "治疗量就能抑制呼吸", "B": "连续多次应用易成瘾", "C": "对钝痛的效果欠佳", "D": "引起体位性低血压"}, "answer": "连续多次应用易成瘾", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.胚胎时期起重要防御作用的lg是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgG", "B": "IgM", "C": "IgD", "D": "IgE"}, "answer": "IgG", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,45岁。行脊柱肿瘤切除术,术中给予输血,输注悬浮红细胞15分钟后,血压下降到70/40mmHg,导尿管中的尿液呈酱油色。患者最可能发生的输血不良反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "输血相关急性肺损伤", "B": "急性溶血性输血反应", "C": "输血相关循环超负荷", "D": "严重过敏反应"}, "answer": "急性溶血性输血反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "隐性感染是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "感染后体内长期携带病原微生物", "B": "感染后不出现明显的临床症状", "C": "正常菌群异位寄生", "D": "正常菌群比例失调"}, "answer": "感染后不出现明显的临床症状", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,20岁,发热咽痛鼻出血10天,胸骨压痛明显,右下肢皮肤可触及3cm×3cm大小肿块,质硬。红细胞2×109/L,血红蛋白60g/L,白细胞2×109/L,血小板20×109/L。骨髓增生极度活跃,原始细胞80%,部分胞浆中可见Auer小体,POX染色弱阳性,PAS染色胞浆淡红色,醋酸萘酚酯酶染色阳性,能被NaF抑制。诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性红白血病", "B": "急性粒细胞白血病", "C": "急性单核细胞白血病", "D": "急性早幼粒细胞白血病"}, "answer": "急性单核细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.颗粒性固缩肾(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾盂肾炎", "B": "慢性肾盂肾炎", "C": "快速进行性肾小球肾炎", "D": "慢性肾炎"}, "answer": "慢性肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "怀疑脊柱骨折的患者,搬运的正确姿势是(  )。", "options": {"A": "数人平托", "B": "平背", "C": "一人抬头,一人抬足", "D": "坐轮椅"}, "answer": "数人平托", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列关于DNA碱基组成的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "A与C的含量相等", "B": "生物体DNA的碱基组成随着年龄变化而改变", "C": "不同生物来源的DNA碱基组成不同", "D": "同一生物,不同组织的DNA碱基组成不同"}, "answer": "不同生物来源的DNA碱基组成不同", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,重体力劳动工人,腰腿痛,并向左下肢放散,咳嗽,喷嚏时加重。检查腰部活动明显受限,并向左倾斜,直腿抬高试验阳性。病程中无低热、盗汗、消瘦症状。2.为明确诊断,最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨核素扫描", "B": "CT", "C": "超声", "D": "肌电图"}, "answer": "CT", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "隐性手足搐搦症可有以下体征(  )。", "options": {"A": "巴氏征阳性", "B": "布氏征阳性", "C": "面神经征阳性", "D": "霍夫曼征阳性"}, "answer": "面神经征阳性", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "药物的副作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "难以避免的", "B": "剂量过大时的不良反应", "C": "药物作用选择性高", "D": "与药物治疗目的有关的效应"}, "answer": "难以避免的", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "骨折功能复位标准,正确的说法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "长骨干横形骨折对位至少达3/4", "B": "下肢侧方成角移位不需矫正", "C": "前臂双骨折只需对位良好", "D": "旋转移位必须矫正"}, "answer": "旋转移位必须矫正", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项不是医师义务和权利?(  )", "options": {"A": "承诺治疗效果", "B": "促进病人身心健康", "C": "保证病人平等医疗权", "D": "履行自己的义务"}, "answer": "承诺治疗效果", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列导致泌尿系统梗阻的病因中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾下垂", "B": "肾小球肾炎", "C": "输尿管结石", "D": "包茎"}, "answer": "肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列不属于心身疾病的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "冠心病", "C": "消化性溃疡", "D": "高血压"}, "answer": "精神分裂症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "应激性溃疡发病基础不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "重度烧伤", "B": "慢性胃炎", "C": "颅内手术", "D": "重度创伤"}, "answer": "慢性胃炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男婴,8个月,呕吐、腹泻3天,无尿12小时,体温:37.8℃,嗜睡与烦躁交替,双眼深陷,口唇干燥,皮肤弹性差,四肢冷,见花纹,脉细弱(160次/分),心音低,呼吸深长(60次/分),腹部肠鸣音亢进。血象:血红蛋白150g/L,白细胞13.0×109/L,中性粒细胞占0.4,淋巴细胞占0.6。初步诊断为小儿腹泻伴有(  )。", "options": {"A": "重度脱水,代谢性酸中毒", "B": "败血症休克,低钾血症,代谢性酸中毒", "C": "中度低渗性脱水,代谢性酸中毒", "D": "重度高渗性脱水,代谢性酸中毒"}, "answer": "重度脱水,代谢性酸中毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.慢性肾功能不全伴低血钾症应选用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄糖酸钙", "B": "碳酸氢钠", "C": "阳离子交换树脂", "D": "氨基酸"}, "answer": "阳离子交换树脂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性呼吸窘迫综合征所致顽固性低氧血症的最主要机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "弥散功能障碍", "B": "通气/血流比例失调", "C": "分流率增加", "D": "呼吸功增加"}, "answer": "分流率增加", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,55岁,髋关节骨关节炎,有明显疼痛和运动障碍,严重影响生活质量,应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "髋关节融合术", "B": "截骨术", "C": "人工关节置换术", "D": "钻孔减压术"}, "answer": "人工关节置换术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.急性下壁心肌梗死,二度Ⅰ型房室传导阻滞,心率56次/min,血压100/60mmHg,首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "起搏器植入", "B": "异丙基肾上腺素", "C": "直流电复律", "D": "临床观察心律变化"}, "answer": "临床观察心律变化", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对颅内压增高的患者,不适宜的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "意识不清者应维持其呼吸道顺畅", "B": "频繁呕吐者予输液维持,补液量应以维持出入液量的平衡为度", "C": "留院观察", "D": "便秘者行灌肠"}, "answer": "便秘者行灌肠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,20岁。闭合性胸外伤5小时。查体:口唇发绀,端坐呼吸,左侧胸壁触及皮下气肿,气管右偏,左侧呼吸音消失。正确的急救措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心包穿刺", "B": "左胸腔穿刺排气", "C": "加压吸氧", "D": "气管插管"}, "answer": "左胸腔穿刺排气", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.各级疾病预防控制机构(  )。", "options": {"A": "承担传染病监测、预测、流行病学调查、疫情报告以及其他预防控制工作", "B": "在各自的职责范围内辅助传染病防治工作", "C": "领导本行政区域内的传染病防治工作", "D": "主管全国传染病防治及其监督管理工作"}, "answer": "承担传染病监测、预测、流行病学调查、疫情报告以及其他预防控制工作", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.帕金森病病损在(  )。", "options": {"A": "锥体外系", "B": "小脑", "C": "枕叶", "D": "颞叶"}, "answer": "锥体外系", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "坏死组织经腐败菌作用后常可发生(  )。", "options": {"A": "空洞", "B": "梗死", "C": "坏疽", "D": "栓塞"}, "answer": "坏疽", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "诊断新生儿寒冷损伤综合征的主要依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "足背、手背、眼睑、头皮水肿,体温不升", "B": "枕、背、臀受压部皮肤变硬水肿", "C": "四肢躯干皮肤及皮下组织硬化水肿,体温不升,活动少", "D": "面色苍白,呼吸浅快、暂停,心率快,体温不升"}, "answer": "四肢躯干皮肤及皮下组织硬化水肿,体温不升,活动少", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为最适于治疗伤寒胆囊炎的药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "氯霉素", "B": "氨苄西林", "C": "甲砜霉素", "D": "庆大霉素"}, "answer": "氨苄西林", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,中年男性,因心脏病发作被送到急诊室,症状及检查结果均明确提示心肌梗死。患者很清醒,但拒绝住院,坚持要回家。此时医生应该(  )。", "options": {"A": "尊重患者自主权,自己无任何责任,同意他回家", "B": "尊重患者自主权,但应尽力劝导患者住院,无效时办好相关手续", "C": "尊重患者自主权,但应尽力劝导患者住院,无效时行使干涉权", "D": "行使医生自主权,为治救病人,强行让患者留在医院"}, "answer": "尊重患者自主权,但应尽力劝导患者住院,无效时行使干涉权", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.收缩压和舒张压之差称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "收缩压", "B": "舒张压", "C": "脉搏压", "D": "循环系统平均充盈压"}, "answer": "脉搏压", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.只含有非必需氨基酸的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "酸性氨基酸", "B": "碱性氨基酸", "C": "芳香族氨基酸", "D": "支链氨基酸"}, "answer": "酸性氨基酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "左心衰竭最早出现的临床症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "疲乏、无力", "B": "劳力性呼吸困难", "C": "阵发性夜间呼吸困难", "D": "夜间卧床时咳嗽"}, "answer": "劳力性呼吸困难", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胸膜组织切片见成团类上皮细胞,包绕少量朗格汉斯巨细胞和干酪样坏死,周围散在多量淋巴细胞。本例考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "组织细胞增生症", "B": "胸膜结核", "C": "纤维素性胸膜炎", "D": "胸膜淋巴瘤"}, "answer": "胸膜结核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "58岁男性,高血压病史,演讲时突发头痛,呕吐,右侧偏瘫,头部CT示左侧基底节区高密度影,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑出血", "B": "蛛网膜下腔出血", "C": "短暂性脑缺血发作", "D": "脑血栓形成"}, "answer": "脑出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某单位职工,男性,48岁,平时和同事相处甚难,某同事想让其就诊心理咨询,但该职工坚决反对,心理医师也不主张这样的人来门诊治疗,是因为心理治疗的性质有(  )。", "options": {"A": "学习性", "B": "自主性", "C": "实效性", "D": "应用性"}, "answer": "自主性", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,22岁。在与恋人的一次激烈争吵之后,倍感气愤、烦闷,次晨出现双下肢瘫痪、无法起立行走的症状,经查无神经系统器质性病变的临床依据。如欲对该患者实施尝试性心理治疗,首选的方法为(  )。", "options": {"A": "暗示疗法", "B": "认知疗法", "C": "支持疗法", "D": "放松训练"}, "answer": "暗示疗法", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,14岁。发热5天,伴乏力、纳差、恶心、尿黄1天。有不洁饮食史。查体:T 38℃,巩膜黄染,肝肋下1.5cm,触叩痛(+),脾肋下未触及。实验室检查:血WBC 8.5×109/L,N 0.54,L 0.46,ALT 1850U/L,TBil 96μmol/L,DBil 63μmol/L。2.为明确诊断首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血培养", "B": "肥达反应", "C": "出血热抗体检测", "D": "血清肝炎病毒标志物"}, "answer": "血清肝炎病毒标志物", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于滴虫性阴道炎叙述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阴道分泌物常为稀薄液体或黄绿色脓性分泌物", "B": "潜伏期为4~28日", "C": "主要治疗药物为红霉素", "D": "传播方式有直接传播或间接传播"}, "answer": "主要治疗药物为红霉素", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "最容易刺激机体产生抗体的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋白质", "B": "单糖", "C": "核苷酸", "D": "脂类"}, "answer": "蛋白质", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "25岁初孕妇,孕39周,未经产前检查。诉下肢水肿半个月,近3日头痛,今晨出现视物不清及头痛加重,且呕吐2次,查尿蛋白2.5g/24h。4.决定是否应用扩容剂,最简单且有价值的检查项目是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血细胞比容", "B": "血红蛋白", "C": "尿比重", "D": "血清铁"}, "answer": "血细胞比容", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪种情况下最容易发生脑栓塞?(  )", "options": {"A": "主动脉瓣狭窄合并心房颤动", "B": "肺动脉瓣狭窄合并心房颤动", "C": "二尖瓣狭窄合并心房颤动", "D": "原发性高血压合并心房颤动"}, "answer": "二尖瓣狭窄合并心房颤动", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,68岁。痰中带血1个月。无发热,抗菌药物治疗无效。慢性支气管炎病史20年。查体:右下肺呼吸音减弱。该患者应首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管肺癌", "B": "支气管扩张", "C": "支气管哮喘", "D": "肺血栓栓塞症"}, "answer": "支气管肺癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不协调性子宫收缩乏力的恰当处理应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "针刺合谷、三阴交穴位", "B": "温肥皂水灌肠", "C": "肌内注射赈替啶", "D": "静脉滴注缩宫素"}, "answer": "肌内注射赈替啶", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,40岁,发热两天,伴发冷、寒战,有尿频、尿急、尿痛。半天来症状加剧。发病前3天行膀胱镜检查。T40℃,BP50/30mmHg,P 120次/分,急性病容,精神萎靡,尿检 WBC 20~30/HP,RBC5~10/HP,本病人最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "疟疾", "B": "败血症感染性休克", "C": "钩端螺旋体病", "D": "流行性感冒"}, "answer": "败血症感染性休克", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列实验室检查结果支持阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿诊断的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "酸溶血(Ham)试验阳性", "B": "红细胞渗透脆性增高", "C": "血红蛋白电泳异常", "D": "高铁血红蛋白还原试验阳性"}, "answer": "酸溶血(Ham)试验阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "哪项是无症状原发型肺结核的治疗最佳方案?(  )", "options": {"A": "异烟肼+利福平,6~9个月", "B": "异烟肼+利福平,12~18个月", "C": "异烟肼+乙胺丁醇,6~9个月", "D": "异烟肼,9~12个月"}, "answer": "异烟肼+利福平,6~9个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,32岁。反复腰部胀痛1年余。B超见右肾盂结石,大小1.5cm×1.0cm,左肾积水,左输尿管上段结石,大小1.0cm×0.8cm。尿常规:RBC 5~10/HP,WBC 16~20/HP。总肾功能正常。1.要了解该患者肾功能首选的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CT平扫", "B": "复查B超", "C": "MRI", "D": "IVU"}, "answer": "IVU", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "6岁,女孩,出生后反复呼吸道感染,平时少活动。查体:无发绀,心前区稍隆起,胸骨左缘第3、4肋间Ⅲ级粗糙全收缩期杂音、伴震颤,P2亢进。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉导管未闭", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "肺动脉狭窄"}, "answer": "室间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,50岁。反复上腹疼痛6年余,平卧时加重,弯腰可减轻。查体:上腹部轻压痛,X线腹部摄片左上腹部分钙化,可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性胆囊炎", "B": "慢性胰腺炎", "C": "慢性十二指肠球炎", "D": "胃溃疡"}, "answer": "慢性胰腺炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,28岁。右下肢骨折术后1天,气短伴咯血2小时。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺部感染", "B": "ARDS", "C": "胸膜炎", "D": "肺血栓栓塞症"}, "answer": "肺血栓栓塞症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "输血时主要考虑下列项?(  )", "options": {"A": "给血者红细胞不被受血者红细胞所凝集", "B": "给血者红细胞不被受血者血清所凝集", "C": "给血者血浆不使受血者红细胞凝集", "D": "受血者红细胞不与其血浆发生凝集"}, "answer": "给血者红细胞不被受血者血清所凝集", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女性,40岁,发现左乳肿物,并伴肿物区皮肤红肿1周,无明显疼痛及全身症状,查体:左乳肿物约1cm×1cm大小,表面约2cm×2cm区域皮肤红肿,行乳腺钼钯检查发现左乳约2cm。区域内大量密集钙化。3.此病人应采取哪种治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "局部热敷", "B": "全身抗感染治疗", "C": "乳腺癌综合治疗", "D": "中医中药治疗"}, "answer": "乳腺癌综合治疗", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "病变对侧偏身深浅感觉障碍,伴自发性疼痛及感觉过敏,其病变部位在(  )。", "options": {"A": "内囊或基底节区", "B": "顶叶感觉皮质", "C": "丘脑", "D": "中脑"}, "answer": "丘脑", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哮喘持续状态的处理,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸氧", "B": "补液,纠正酸中毒", "C": "舒喘灵雾化吸入", "D": "色甘酸钠吸入"}, "answer": "色甘酸钠吸入", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者女性,30岁,发热、转移性右下腹痛1天,做阑尾切除手术。检查切除之阑尾:阑尾各层弥漫性中性粒细胞浸润,血管极度扩张充血,其诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯性阑尾炎", "B": "蜂窝织炎性阑尾炎", "C": "坏疽性阑尾炎", "D": "阑尾脓肿"}, "answer": "蜂窝织炎性阑尾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "诊断再生障碍性贫血的最重要依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全血细胞减少", "B": "抗贫血治疗无效", "C": "骨髓造血细胞减少", "D": "网织红细胞减少"}, "answer": "骨髓造血细胞减少", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "嵌顿性肩先露通常不易引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫腔内感染", "B": "病理缩复环", "C": "胎盘早剥", "D": "脐带脱垂"}, "answer": "宫腔内感染", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,56岁,进行性贫血1年,剧烈腰痛3个月。血红蛋白89g/L,白细胞3.4×109/L,血小板68×109/L,血沉18cm/h,尿蛋白(++),骨髓异常浆细胞54%,血清蛋白电泳出现M蛋白。1.本病例最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋巴瘤", "B": "反应性浆细胞增多症", "C": "多发性骨髓瘤", "D": "急性溶血性贫血"}, "answer": "多发性骨髓瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "治疗支气管哮喘气道炎症最有效的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖皮质激素", "B": "色甘酸钠", "C": "抗组胺药", "D": "抗生素"}, "answer": "糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "艾森克认为人格具有下列几个维度(  )。", "options": {"A": "情绪性维度、气质性维度、稳定性维度", "B": "情绪性维度、内外向维度、精神质维度", "C": "气质性维度、情绪性维度、意志性维度", "D": "内外向维度、精神质维度、稳定性维度"}, "answer": "情绪性维度、内外向维度、精神质维度", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肛裂“三联征”是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "肛裂、前哨痔、肛乳头肥大", "B": "肛裂、疼痛、前哨痔", "C": "肛裂、出血、肛乳头肥大", "D": "疼痛、出血、前哨痔"}, "answer": "肛裂、前哨痔、肛乳头肥大", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,28岁,近半年来月经量增多,出现乏力、头晕。查:Hb 60g/L。RBC 3.4×1012/L,WBC 9×109/L,PLT 189×109/L,外周血红细胞以小细胞为主,中央浅染区扩大。下列检查结果最为可能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清铁降低,总铁结合力增加,未饱和铁结合力增加", "B": "血清铁降低,总铁结合力降低,未饱和铁结合力增加", "C": "血清铁降低,总铁结合力降低,骨髓含铁血黄素减少", "D": "血清铁降低,骨髓铁粒幼细胞减少,未饱和铁减少"}, "answer": "血清铁降低,总铁结合力增加,未饱和铁结合力增加", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.碳酸锂是(  )。", "options": {"A": "治疗神经官能症的药物", "B": "治疗精神分裂症的药物", "C": "治疗躁狂症的药物", "D": "治疗焦虑症的药物"}, "answer": "治疗躁狂症的药物", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "幼儿发生腹部绞痛、呕吐和便血,并扪及腹部包块,最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "先天性幽门肥厚", "B": "肠套叠", "C": "肠系膜淋巴结", "D": "阑尾脓肿"}, "answer": "肠套叠", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于生物转化作用的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝是机体生物转化的主要器官", "B": "可使生物活性物质灭活", "C": "只能使物质的毒性下降", "D": "有些药物需经生物转化才能成为有活性的药物"}, "answer": "只能使物质的毒性下降", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下哪项为3岁幼儿头面颈部烧伤面积(  )。", "options": {"A": "9%", "B": "12%", "C": "18%", "D": "21%"}, "answer": "18%", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在致甲亢的各种病因中最多见的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Graves病", "B": "自主性高功能甲状腺结节", "C": "多结节性甲状腺肿伴甲亢", "D": "亚急性甲状腺炎伴甲亢"}, "answer": "Graves病", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.上述哪项是引起内脏血管收缩的肾上腺素能受体?(  )", "options": {"A": "α受体", "B": "β1受体", "C": "β2受体", "D": "N1受体"}, "answer": "α受体", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.(  )是溶血性贫血。", "options": {"A": "再生障碍性贫血", "B": "海洋性贫血", "C": "缺铁性贫血", "D": "慢性疾病贫血"}, "answer": "海洋性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.流行性斑疹伤寒的传播媒介是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鼠蚤", "B": "人虱", "C": "蜱", "D": "螨"}, "answer": "人虱", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "属于自身抗原的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎球菌荚膜多糖", "B": "类脂", "C": "眼晶体蛋白", "D": "破伤风类毒素"}, "answer": "眼晶体蛋白", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肾综合征出血热早期休克的主要原因(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒血症", "B": "血浆外渗", "C": "心肌损害", "D": "微血管痉挛"}, "answer": "血浆外渗", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不属于重度先兆子痫血液生化改变的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿酸升高", "B": "尿素氮增高", "C": "二氧化碳结合力升高", "D": "血浆蛋白降低"}, "answer": "二氧化碳结合力升高", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对传染病人的隔离,在一定程度上使个体活动受到限制,家属提出的哪点是有悖于医德要求的?(  )", "options": {"A": "有利于医院隔离的执行", "B": "有利于患者的利益", "C": "有利于传染病管理条件执行", "D": "有损于病人的行动自由的权益"}, "answer": "有损于病人的行动自由的权益", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,18岁,确诊为金葡菌引起的急性骨髓炎,最佳选药应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红霉素", "B": "庆大霉素", "C": "青霉素G", "D": "林可霉素"}, "answer": "林可霉素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5.采取乙类传染病的预防、控制措施的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "法律规定的甲、乙、丙类以外的其他传染病,根据其暴发、流行情况和危害程度,需要列入乙类、丙类传染病的", "B": "突发原因不明的传染病需要采取甲类传染病的预防、控制措施的", "C": "省、自治区、直辖市人民政府对本行政区域内常见、多发的其他地方性传染病", "D": "乙类传染病中除传染性非典型肺炎、炭疽中的肺炭疽和人感染高致病性禽流感以外的传染"}, "answer": "乙类传染病中除传染性非典型肺炎、炭疽中的肺炭疽和人感染高致病性禽流感以外的传染", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,34岁。饮啤酒后右膝关节红肿疼痛1天。3个月前左踝关节曾有相似症状发生,服非类固醇消炎药1周后好转。既往银屑病史10年。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "痛风关节炎", "B": "类风湿关节炎", "C": "银屑病关节炎", "D": "化脓性关节炎"}, "answer": "银屑病关节炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,13岁。小学勉强毕业,现读初一,学习成绩差,不合群,且经常遭班里同学欺负,不愿意去上学。精神检查发现患儿抽象思维能力、计算力、判断力均较差,言语表达词汇量贫乏。IQ60。该患儿的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "边缘智力", "B": "中度精神发育迟滞", "C": "儿童厌学症", "D": "轻度精神发育迟滞"}, "answer": "轻度精神发育迟滞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "胸髓横贯性损害可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "双下肢中枢性瘫", "B": "一侧下肢周围性瘫", "C": "双下肢周围性瘫", "D": "偏瘫"}, "answer": "双下肢中枢性瘫", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "以下是糖皮质激素对血液系统的影响的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中性粒细胞的数量增加", "B": "中性粒细胞的数量减少", "C": "红细胞的数量减少", "D": "血小板的数量减少"}, "answer": "中性粒细胞的数量增加", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,58岁。摔倒时左手背部着地,左腕部肿胀、疼痛,X线显示桡骨远端向掌侧、桡侧移位。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Chance骨折", "B": "Jefferson骨折", "C": "Smith骨折", "D": "Colles骨折"}, "answer": "Smith骨折", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,45岁。当听到家中房子因洪水倒塌的消息后,突然哭闹叫喊,手舞足蹈,拿砖头打砸旁边的房子,表情恐惧而紧张,1天后恢复平静。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "急性应激障碍", "C": "分离性障碍", "D": "躁狂发作"}, "answer": "急性应激障碍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "成人,体重60kg,烧伤,于下午4时,送入医院急诊室。查体:意识清,能合作,心率100次/分,血压120/84mmHg,面部、胸、腹部,两前臂、两手及两小腿和足部Ⅱ、Ⅲ度烧伤。下午5时开始静脉输液,6时入手术室、清创,晚上8时送病房。1.烧伤总面积为(  )。", "options": {"A": "47%", "B": "50%", "C": "49%", "D": "51%"}, "answer": "47%", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "吸入性肺脓肿最常见的病原菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎克雷伯杆菌", "B": "肺炎球菌", "C": "大肠杆菌", "D": "厌氧菌"}, "answer": "厌氧菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "乳糖操纵子的直接诱导剂是(  )。", "options": {"A": "β-半乳糖苷酶", "B": "透酶", "C": "乳糖", "D": "别乳糖"}, "answer": "别乳糖", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列不属于营养性巨幼细胞性贫血临床表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤出血点", "B": "肝脾肿大", "C": "震颤", "D": "头围增大"}, "answer": "头围增大", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "淤血器官的形态特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "色暗红、体积缩小、切面干燥、功能增强、温度降低", "B": "色暗红、体积增大、切面湿润、功能增强、温度降低", "C": "色暗红、体积增大、切面湿润、功能减退、温度降低", "D": "色鲜红、体积增大、切面干燥、功能减退、温度降低"}, "answer": "色暗红、体积增大、切面湿润、功能减退、温度降低", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "根据我国《医疗机构管理条例》的规定,医疗机构的门诊病历和住院病历保存的最低年限分别为(  )。", "options": {"A": "10年;30年", "B": "10年;15年", "C": "15年;20年", "D": "15年;30年"}, "answer": "15年;30年", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列不符合甲状腺危象表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心率快>140次/分", "B": "厌食", "C": "恶心、呕吐、腹泻", "D": "白细胞总数和中性粒细胞常减低"}, "answer": "白细胞总数和中性粒细胞常减低", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,51岁。绝经2年,阴道脱出肿物1年。妇科检查:子宫体全部脱出阴道口外。适宜的处理方法为(  )。", "options": {"A": "密切观察,暂不处理", "B": "阴道纵隔形成术", "C": "使用子宫托", "D": "经阴道子宫切除术"}, "answer": "经阴道子宫切除术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不是人类免疫缺陷病毒的感染特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "潜伏期长达多年", "B": "HIV引起AIDS的感染类型为慢性感染", "C": "病毒可侵犯皮肤和神经等多个部位", "D": "造成免疫系统严重损伤"}, "answer": "HIV引起AIDS的感染类型为慢性感染", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿3岁。发热、头痛、嗜睡3天。体检:体温40℃,浅昏迷,颈软,膝反射亢进,Babinski征阳性,外周血白细胞18.1×109/L,中性粒细胞0.74,淋巴细胞0.26,脑脊液无色透明,细胞数0.2×109/L,中性粒细胞0.80,淋巴细胞0.20,糖3.2mmol/L,氯化物128mmol/L,蛋白定量0.6g/L,血涂片查疟原虫阴性。考虑诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "流行性乙型脑炎", "B": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "C": "结核性脑膜炎", "D": "化脓性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "流行性乙型脑炎", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于雌激素的生理作用。以下哪项错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "加强输卵管节律性收缩的振幅", "B": "促使乳腺管增生、乳腺发育", "C": "通过中枢系统有升温作用", "D": "促进钠和水的潴留"}, "answer": "通过中枢系统有升温作用", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,36岁。突然寒战高热,腰痛并有尿急、尿痛1周,既往无类似病史。查体:体温39.4℃,右侧肾区叩击痛阳性,尿蛋白(+),白细胞20~30/HP,白细胞管型0~2个/低倍视野,比重1.022。1.此病人最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾结石合并泌尿系统感染", "B": "膀胱炎", "C": "急性肾盂肾炎", "D": "肾炎合并泌尿系统感染"}, "answer": "急性肾盂肾炎", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.肝硬化腹水性质常为(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹水比重<1.018,蛋白<2.0g/dL,细胞数100×106/L", "B": "乳糜样腹水", "C": "腹水细胞总数600×106/L,分类以单核细胞为主", "D": "腹水细胞总数2000×106/L,分类以多核细胞为主"}, "answer": "腹水比重<1.018,蛋白<2.0g/dL,细胞数100×106/L", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于心肌传导性的描述中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞直径细小,传导速度慢", "B": "动作电位0期去极速度慢,传导速度慢", "C": "闭电位水平下移,传导速度快", "D": "心肌处在超常期内,传导速度快"}, "answer": "心肌处在超常期内,传导速度快", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,8个月,腹泻4天,水样便,1日10余次。12小时无尿,呼吸深大,前囟眼窝明显凹陷,四肢凉。血钠127mmol/L,血钾4mmol/L,血钙2.25mmol/L,二氧化碳合力11.2mmol/L。2.首批应输入下列哪一种混合液?(  )", "options": {"A": "1:1含钠液", "B": "2:3:1含钠液", "C": "2:1含钠液", "D": "4:3:2含钠液"}, "answer": "2:1含钠液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不属于蛋白质二级结构的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "β-折叠", "B": "右手双螺旋", "C": "α-螺旋", "D": "无规则卷曲"}, "answer": "右手双螺旋", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于幻觉的定义正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "感觉性的错误", "B": "一种虚幻的知觉", "C": "一种异样的感觉", "D": "虚假的感觉"}, "answer": "一种虚幻的知觉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "提高病人依从性的方法不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "及时纠正病人的不良行为", "B": "纠正病人对检查和治疗措施的错误认识", "C": "建立融洽的医患关系", "D": "教会病人自我监测"}, "answer": "及时纠正病人的不良行为", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,52岁。心悸头晕,查体:BP 70/45mmHg。心电图见宽QRS波,心动过速,心律不规则,间断见窄QRS波,下列治疗正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "利多卡因静滴", "B": "直流电复律", "C": "普罗帕酮静滴", "D": "胺碘酮静滴"}, "answer": "直流电复律", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "原发性肝癌最易转移的脏器是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝内", "B": "肺", "C": "脑", "D": "胰腺周围和腹膜后"}, "answer": "肝内", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "神经衰弱的记忆力减退是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "睡眠障碍", "B": "思维迟钝", "C": "情绪不稳", "D": "注意力难以集中"}, "answer": "注意力难以集中", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不符合病毒性心肌炎体征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心率增快与体温升高", "B": "第一心音增强", "C": "可有心包摩擦音", "D": "心律失常多见"}, "answer": "第一心音增强", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,32岁,发热、全身衰竭伴皮肤出血2周来诊。肝脾轻度肿大,牙龈肿胀,全血细胞减少,骨髓增生明显活跃,原始细胞92%,过氧化物酶染色阳性,非特异酯酶染色阳性,阳性反应可被氟化钠抑制。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性单核细胞白血病", "B": "急性早幼粒细胞白血病", "C": "急性淋巴细胞白血病", "D": "急性粒细胞白血病"}, "answer": "急性单核细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "结核性脑膜炎最常受累的脑神经是(  )。", "options": {"A": "视神经", "B": "外展神经", "C": "动眼神经", "D": "面神经"}, "answer": "面神经", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "19岁,女性患者,因原发性闭经就诊。查体:女性体态,双乳Ⅲ期(乳核大于乳晕),触发泌乳征阳性。化验:血雌二醇正常范围低值,血泌乳素水平210μg/L。垂体CT正常;B超示子宫体积小。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卵巢性闭经", "B": "子宫源性闭经", "C": "垂体泌乳素分泌微腺瘤", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "垂体泌乳素分泌微腺瘤", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,20岁。1型糖尿病病史10年,平时每天4次胰岛素强化治疗。近2天发热、咽痛,食欲不佳,摄食少,自行停用胰岛素。晨起家属发现患者答非所问,急诊就诊。查体:T 38.5℃,精神差,轻度脱水貌。实验室检查:血钾4.8mmol/L,血钠142mmol/L,血糖19.1mmol/L,尿酮体(++),血pH 7.25,尿量40~50ml/h。1.目前该患者合理的胰岛素使用方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "改用2次预混胰岛素皮下注射治疗", "B": "恢复4次胰岛素皮下注射治疗", "C": "静脉小剂量短效胰岛素治疗", "D": "静脉大剂量短效胰岛素治疗"}, "answer": "静脉小剂量短效胰岛素治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者一侧瞳孔直接光反射消失,对侧间接光反射消失,病变部位在(  )。", "options": {"A": "同侧视神经", "B": "对侧动眼神经", "C": "同侧动眼神经", "D": "对侧视神经"}, "answer": "同侧视神经", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于苯二氮类的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "具有镇静、催眠、抗焦虑作用", "B": "首选用于治疗癫痫持续状态", "C": "增强GABA能神经传递和突触抑制", "D": "较大量易引起全身麻醉"}, "answer": "较大量易引起全身麻醉", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是细胞坏死的主要形态学特征?(  )", "options": {"A": "核分裂", "B": "线粒体肿胀", "C": "细胞核碎裂", "D": "细胞质脂质增多"}, "answer": "细胞核碎裂", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "术中的无菌原则,下列哪项是错误的?(  )。", "options": {"A": "碘酒、酒精涂擦皮肤应包括手术切口周围15cm", "B": "同侧手术人员换位,一人应先退一步,然后平移换位", "C": "铺巾顺序:先铺操作者对面或铺相对不洁区,最后铺靠近操作者的一侧", "D": "大单头端应盖过麻醉架,两侧和足端应垂下超过手术床边30cm"}, "answer": "同侧手术人员换位,一人应先退一步,然后平移换位", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "最易形成潜伏感染的病毒是(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹病毒", "B": "流感病毒", "C": "脊髓灰质炎病毒", "D": "水痘-带状疱疹病毒"}, "answer": "水痘-带状疱疹病毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,48岁。反酸、烧心、上腹胀4年余。对明确诊断有帮助的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化道造影", "B": "心电图", "C": "质子泵抑制剂试验治疗", "D": "幽门螺杆菌检测"}, "answer": "质子泵抑制剂试验治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不包含在医学伦理学有利原则之内的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "努力预防和减少难以避免的伤害", "B": "努力使病人受益(有助益)", "C": "对利害得失全面权衡", "D": "造成有意伤害时主动积极赔偿"}, "answer": "造成有意伤害时主动积极赔偿", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是激活的Tc使靶细胞裂解的主要因素?(  )", "options": {"A": "颗粒酶", "B": "穿孔蛋白", "C": "γ-IFN", "D": "Fas配体"}, "answer": "穿孔蛋白", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "干扰素抑制蛋白质合成作用时需有(  )。", "options": {"A": "双链DNA", "B": "双链RNA", "C": "单链RNA", "D": "DNA-RNA"}, "answer": "单链RNA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "正常小儿,前囟闭合的年龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "6~8周", "B": "3~4个月", "C": "7~10个月", "D": "1~1.5岁"}, "answer": "1~1.5岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "均可用抗毒素进行紧急预防的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "破伤风与结核病", "B": "白喉与痢疾", "C": "白喉与破伤风", "D": "猩红热与风湿热"}, "answer": "白喉与破伤风", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,50岁。乏力,活动后气急2年,近1个月来出现呼吸困难伴下肢水肿入院。体检:血压120/70mmHg,心界向两侧扩大,心尖搏动及第一心音减弱,心尖区3/6级收缩期杂音,两肺底少量湿啰音,下肢水肿。3.出现以上情况,可以应用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿托品", "B": "利多卡因", "C": "阿替洛尔", "D": "异丙肾上腺素"}, "answer": "利多卡因", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小脑幕裂孔疝时,哪一组织疝入小脑幕裂孔?(  )", "options": {"A": "小脑扁桃体", "B": "颞叶沟回", "C": "额叶内侧", "D": "枕叶"}, "answer": "颞叶沟回", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,65岁。持续胸痛4小时,心电图提示:Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联ST段抬高0.2mV。最可能出现的心律失常是(  )。", "options": {"A": "房室传导阻滞", "B": "室性期前收缩", "C": "房性期前收缩", "D": "心房颤动"}, "answer": "房室传导阻滞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "晕厥常发生于以下哪种瓣膜疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "二尖瓣狭窄", "B": "主动脉瓣狭窄", "C": "主动脉瓣关闭不全", "D": "三尖瓣关闭不全"}, "answer": "主动脉瓣狭窄", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初孕妇,26岁。妊娠36周,恶心、呕吐进行性加重5天,血丙氨酸氨基转移酶及血清胆红素明显增高,乙肝表面抗原(+)。该患者最佳的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卧床休息,口服保肝药物,继续妊娠", "B": "隔离,保肝治疗,继续妊娠,密切观察", "C": "立即行剖宫产", "D": "积极治疗24小时后终止妊娠"}, "answer": "积极治疗24小时后终止妊娠", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,62岁。劳累时气短进行性加重3年,既往无高血压、糖尿病病史,无吸烟史。查体:血压110/70mmHg,双肺呼吸音清,心率79次/分,律齐,胸骨右缘第2肋间可闻及4/6收缩期喷射样杂音,向颈部传导。超声心电图提示LVEF 60%。该患者有气短的最可能原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺动脉高压", "B": "肺血栓栓塞", "C": "主动脉瓣狭窄", "D": "主动脉瓣关闭不全"}, "answer": "主动脉瓣狭窄", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,40岁,发热伴鼻出血一周。检查牙龈肿胀,肝脾轻度肿大;血红蛋白40g/L,白细胞6.0×109/L,血小板15×109/L,骨髓象原始细胞占60%,过氧化酶染色阳性,非特异性酯酶阳性,阳性反应可被氟化钠抑制,考虑诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性粒细胞性白血病", "B": "急性早幼粒细胞白血病", "C": "急性红白血病", "D": "急性单核细胞性白血病"}, "answer": "急性单核细胞性白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男孩,5岁。眼睑水肿2周就诊。查体:Hb97g/L,尿蛋白++,尿红细胞+/HP,尿比重1.026,血白蛋白27g/L,胆固醇9.8mmol/L,C3460mg/L。该患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急进性肾炎", "B": "急性肾盂肾炎", "C": "单纯型肾病", "D": "肾炎型肾病"}, "answer": "肾炎型肾病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项为医学伦理学原则中的最高层次?(  )", "options": {"A": "不伤害病人", "B": "全心全意为人民健康服务", "C": "尊重病人的自主性", "D": "公正地对待病人"}, "answer": "全心全意为人民健康服务", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "抑制胃酸分泌作用最强的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "西咪替丁", "B": "雷尼替丁", "C": "奥美拉唑", "D": "哌仑西平"}, "answer": "奥美拉唑", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "可引起肾绞痛的结石为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾盏结石", "B": "输尿管结石", "C": "膀胱结石", "D": "尿道结石"}, "answer": "输尿管结石", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列为含有B族维生素的辅酶,例外的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "四氢叶酸", "B": "细胞色素b", "C": "磷酸吡哆醛", "D": "硫胺素焦磷酸"}, "answer": "细胞色素b", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "口服维生素D的预防量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "400IU/d", "B": "1000IU/d", "C": "2000IU/d", "D": "20万IU/d"}, "answer": "400IU/d", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.治疗超敏反应病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫调理", "B": "免疫抑制", "C": "免疫调节", "D": "建立免疫耐受"}, "answer": "建立免疫耐受", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性重型肝炎最有诊断意义的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾功能障碍", "B": "黄疸加深", "C": "腹水出现", "D": "中枢神经系统症状(肝性脑病)"}, "answer": "中枢神经系统症状(肝性脑病)", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "智商IQ的结论“高于平常”,是指其分数为(  )。", "options": {"A": "80~89", "B": "90~109", "C": "110~119", "D": "120~129"}, "answer": "110~119", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于女性外生殖器的解剖,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阴阜下有丰富的脂肪组织", "B": "阴蒂由海绵体构成", "C": "小阴唇为两股内侧的一对纵行皮肤皱襞,表面湿润", "D": "大阴唇富含神经末梢"}, "answer": "小阴唇为两股内侧的一对纵行皮肤皱襞,表面湿润", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.婴幼儿少尿的标准(  )。", "options": {"A": "每日尿量<400ml", "B": "每日尿量<300ml", "C": "每日尿量<200ml", "D": "每日尿量<100ml"}, "answer": "每日尿量<200ml", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不符合急性脑血管病的病因的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑出血最常见的病因是高血压和动脉硬化", "B": "脑血栓形成最常见病因是动脉炎", "C": "蛛网膜下腔出血最常见病因是先天性颅内动脉瘤", "D": "脑栓塞最常见的病因是风湿性心脏病合并房颤的心源性栓子脱落"}, "answer": "脑血栓形成最常见病因是动脉炎", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于DNA克隆的叙述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "目的基因的获取", "B": "外源基因和载体连接", "C": "将重组DNA导入受体菌", "D": "常用到DNA解链酶"}, "answer": "常用到DNA解链酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "输血时主要考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "给血者血浆不使受血者血浆发生凝集", "B": "给血者红细胞不被受血者红细胞所凝集", "C": "给血者红细胞不被受血者血清所凝集", "D": "受血者红细胞不与其血浆发生凝集"}, "answer": "给血者红细胞不被受血者血清所凝集", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在突发公共卫生事件应急处理工作中,有关单位和个人不配合有关主业技术人员调查、采样、技术分析和检验的,对有关责任人给予(  )。", "options": {"A": "警告", "B": "降级或者撤职的纪律处分", "C": "行政处分或者纪律处分", "D": "追究刑事责任"}, "answer": "行政处分或者纪律处分", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "甲亢时最具有诊断意义的体征为(  )。", "options": {"A": "突眼", "B": "弥漫性甲状腺肿伴血管杂音", "C": "心率加快,第一心音亢进", "D": "心脏增大"}, "answer": "弥漫性甲状腺肿伴血管杂音", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性肾小球肾炎,下行性水肿,双膝关节以下指压凹陷明显,3天来尿少,与下列哪项检查最相符?(  )", "options": {"A": "大量蛋白尿", "B": "低蛋白血症", "C": "高胆固醇血症", "D": "血尿素氮异常"}, "answer": "血尿素氮异常", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,25岁,结婚2个月,月经规律,量较多,查体未见异常。近两年无生育计划,其不宜选用的避孕方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫内节育器", "B": "短效口服避孕药", "C": "男用避孕套", "D": "阴道避孕药环"}, "answer": "宫内节育器", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "慢性肾衰竭时最常见的电解质紊乱(  )。", "options": {"A": "代谢性酸中毒、高血磷、低血钙", "B": "代谢性碱中毒、低血磷、低血钙", "C": "代谢性酸中毒、高血钾、高血钙", "D": "代谢性酸中毒、高血磷、高血钙"}, "answer": "代谢性酸中毒、高血磷、低血钙", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "再生是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤维细胞数目的增多", "B": "肉芽组织的形成", "C": "组织缺损由邻近健康细胞增生而修复的过程", "D": "由分化成熟的细胞转变为另一种分化成熟的细胞"}, "answer": "组织缺损由邻近健康细胞增生而修复的过程", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "慢性肝病患者,血氨升高导致肝性脑病发生的机制是干扰了大脑的(  )。", "options": {"A": "微量元素代谢", "B": "水盐代谢", "C": "蛋白质代谢", "D": "能量代谢"}, "answer": "能量代谢", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.COPD急性加重伴呼吸功能不全早期,为防止呼吸功能不全加重最常用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有创机械通气", "B": "无创机械通气", "C": "间断高浓度吸氧", "D": "持续低流量吸氧"}, "answer": "无创机械通气", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "强心苷心脏毒性的发生机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "增加心肌细胞中的K+", "B": "抑制心肌细胞膜Na+-K+-ATP酶", "C": "激活心脏细胞膜Na+-K+-ATP酶", "D": "增加心肌细胞中的Na+"}, "answer": "抑制心肌细胞膜Na+-K+-ATP酶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对腹膜刺激最轻的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血液", "B": "肠内容物", "C": "胆汁", "D": "胃液"}, "answer": "血液", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,45岁。发热4天,于1月20日来诊,体温波动于39℃~40℃,伴发冷、乏力、全身不适,服感冒药无效,居住地有鼠。查体:T 36℃, P 120次/分,BP 70/50mmHg。急性病容,精神萎靡,皮肤充血,面部水肿,腋下有出血点,腹软,肝脾肋下未触及。实验室检查:血WBC 20×109/L,N 0.6,L 0.24,异型L 0.16,PLT 80×109/L;尿常规:尿蛋白(+++),镜检有少数红细胞。最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾综合征出血热", "B": "伤寒", "C": "钩端螺旋体病", "D": "上呼吸道感染"}, "answer": "肾综合征出血热", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "较常见的肱骨髁上骨折为(  )。", "options": {"A": "屈曲型", "B": "内收型", "C": "外展型", "D": "伸直型"}, "answer": "伸直型", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,57岁,洗衣时觉右侧头痛,呕吐,左半身运动不灵,2小时后昏迷,呕吐咖啡样物,血压达230/110mmHg,瞳孔不等大,光反应消失,左侧偏瘫,应立即进行的处置为(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸氧", "B": "手术", "C": "抗菌素静点", "D": "甘露醇静点"}, "answer": "甘露醇静点", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "低钾血症患者补钾一般不宜超过(  )。", "options": {"A": "12mmol/h", "B": "20mmol/h", "C": "40mmol/h", "D": "50mmol/h"}, "answer": "20mmol/h", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "钩端螺旋体病的主要传染源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "猫、鼠、兔", "B": "鸡、鸭、鹅", "C": "犬、猫、羊", "D": "猪、鼠、犬"}, "answer": "猪、鼠、犬", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,46岁,血性白带半年就诊,检查见阴道左穹隆消失,宫颈重度糜烂,子宫正常大小,右侧附件浸润未达盆壁,宫颈活检为鳞状细胞癌1.本例的临床分期(  )。", "options": {"A": "ⅠB期", "B": "ⅡA期", "C": "ⅡB期", "D": "ⅢA期"}, "answer": "ⅡA期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有关沙眼衣原体,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是专性细胞内寄生,自然宿主是人和小鼠", "B": "含有DNA和RNA两种核酸", "C": "包涵体中无糖原存在,而肺炎衣原体包涵体有糖原存在", "D": "对氨基糖苷类抗生素不敏感"}, "answer": "包涵体中无糖原存在,而肺炎衣原体包涵体有糖原存在", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,35岁,高热、皮肤瘙痒半月,右颈及锁骨上淋巴结肿大,无压痛,互相粘连。血红蛋白90g/L,白细胞10×109/L,中性粒细胞66%,淋巴细胞24%,骨髓涂片找到里一斯细胞。首选的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "手术治疗", "B": "放射治疗", "C": "肿瘤坏死因子", "D": "放疗+化疗"}, "answer": "放疗+化疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,70岁。昏睡不醒。体检:深昏迷,呼吸有轻度大蒜味,疑为有机磷中毒。以下指标对诊断有帮助的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血胆碱酯酶活性降低", "B": "大小便失禁", "C": "呕吐物有大蒜味", "D": "肌肉抽动"}, "answer": "血胆碱酯酶活性降低", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,55岁。右乳房肿块6个月,不伴疼痛,无乳头溢液。查体:右乳外象限可触及6cm×5cm肿块,质硬,边界不清。右腋窝可触及数个肿大淋巴结,部分融合。1.肿块穿刺活检确诊为乳腺癌后,首选的治疗方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "保乳手术", "B": "改良根治术", "C": "放射治疗", "D": "靶向治疗"}, "answer": "改良根治术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "两足并拢站立闭目,此项检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "Romberg征", "B": "Laseque征", "C": "Hoffmann征", "D": "Babinski征"}, "answer": "Romberg征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,51岁。绝经5年,阴道脱出肿物,检查宫颈及部分宫体脱出阴道口外。患者的治疗采用的方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阴道前壁修补术", "B": "阴道纵隔形成术", "C": "经阴道子宫全切及阴道前后壁修补术", "D": "子宫悬吊术"}, "answer": "经阴道子宫全切及阴道前后壁修补术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.早期肝癌(小肝癌) (  )。", "options": {"A": "癌结节直径<3cm,常无明显结节", "B": "癌组织在肝内弥漫分布,无明显结节", "C": "癌结节多个散在,大小不等,常发生于肝硬化的肝内", "D": "癌结节弥散分布,常为小结节"}, "answer": "癌结节直径<3cm,常无明显结节", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "属于出血性炎的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "流脑", "B": "病毒性肝炎", "C": "流行性出血热", "D": "丹毒"}, "answer": "流行性出血热", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "重症肌无力的主要病理生理机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙酰胆碱释放量减少", "B": "乙酰胆碱释放量增多", "C": "乙酰胆碱受体数目增多", "D": "乙酰胆碱受体数目减少"}, "answer": "乙酰胆碱受体数目减少", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,21岁,农民,2月来在劳动中有3次突然站立不稳要跌倒,4天前在村里看电影时突然看到身体前方有两个火球,因害怕跑出影院,当天在家突然持木棒将电视机砸毁,其妹拦阻时被其咬伤,又用铁锹将邻居家门窗砸碎,被众人扭送公安局。病人过后回忆说:“当天回家屋里一群人放火、打仗,以后就什么也不知道了。”脑电图检查发现双额前部出现棘波和尖波,躯体检查正常。该病人的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癫痫性精神障碍", "B": "癔症", "C": "精神分裂症", "D": "反应性精神障碍"}, "answer": "癫痫性精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.胆总管远端单发1.0cm嵌顿结石常用的术式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝内胆管空肠吻合术", "B": "胆总管切开,胆总管空肠Y型吻合术", "C": "胆囊造瘘术", "D": "Oddi括约肌切开成形术"}, "answer": "Oddi括约肌切开成形术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,50岁,病人l5年来,无事实根据的认为单位上下合伙谋害他,反复到各级信访机关及公安局上访告状,劝说无效。此症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "意志减退", "B": "意志缺乏", "C": "意志增强", "D": "意向倒错"}, "answer": "意志增强", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于管型的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞管型,常见于急性肾炎", "B": "白细胞管型,常见于急性肾衰竭", "C": "脂肪管型,常见于肾盂肾炎", "D": "蜡样管型,常见于肾病综合征"}, "answer": "红细胞管型,常见于急性肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "再障最理想的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "雄激素", "B": "硝酸士的宁", "C": "同卵孪生子骨髓移植", "D": "皮质激素"}, "answer": "同卵孪生子骨髓移植", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "白色血栓的主要成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤维素", "B": "血小板", "C": "单核细胞", "D": "红细胞"}, "answer": "血小板", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "烧伤最常见的死亡原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "休克", "B": "ARDS", "C": "感染", "D": "心功能衰竭"}, "answer": "感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列有关疫苗初种时间不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙肝疫苗为出生24小时", "B": "卡介苗出生24小时", "C": "麻疹疫苗出生1天", "D": "麻疹疫苗出生8个月"}, "answer": "麻疹疫苗出生1天", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医务人员在医疗活动中发生医疗事故争议,应当立即向(  )。", "options": {"A": "所在科室报告", "B": "所在医院医务部门报告", "C": "所在医疗机构的主管负责人报告", "D": "当地卫生行政机关报告"}, "answer": "所在科室报告", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "属于投射性测验的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "比奈智力测验", "B": "卡特尔16PF测量", "C": "主题统觉测验", "D": "90项症状自评"}, "answer": "主题统觉测验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "什么年龄多数婴儿动脉导管在解剖上关闭(  )。", "options": {"A": "3个月", "B": "5个月", "C": "9个月", "D": "11个月"}, "answer": "3个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "以下对生活事件的理解错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生活事件是在生活中遇到的重要事件", "B": "不同的生活事件所产生的心理应激量是不同的", "C": "相同的生活事件所产生的心理应激量是相同的", "D": "可以有负性的生活事件"}, "answer": "相同的生活事件所产生的心理应激量是相同的", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.治疗军团菌病首选的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头孢他定", "B": "头孢孟多", "C": "氯霉素", "D": "红霉素"}, "answer": "红霉素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "正常血糖水平时,葡萄糖虽然易透过肝细胞膜,但是葡萄糖主要在肝外各组织中被利用,其原因是?(  )", "options": {"A": "各组织中均含有己糖激酶", "B": "肝脏中葡萄糖激酶Km比己糖激酶高", "C": "己糖激酶受产物的反馈抑制", "D": "肝脏中存在抑制葡萄糖转变或利用的因子"}, "answer": "肝脏中葡萄糖激酶Km比己糖激酶高", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列肺结核类型中,传染性最强的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性纤维空洞型肺结核", "B": "干酪性肺炎", "C": "急性血行播散型肺结核", "D": "慢性血行播散型肺结核"}, "answer": "慢性纤维空洞型肺结核", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "疱疹病毒不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "VZV", "B": "CMV", "C": "HBV", "D": "EBV"}, "answer": "HBV", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿能独坐一会,用手摇玩具,能认识熟人和陌生人,其月龄为(  )。", "options": {"A": "6个月", "B": "8个月", "C": "10个月", "D": "12个月"}, "answer": "6个月", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "按公式计算,下列哪项是3个月小儿的身高、头围?(  )", "options": {"A": "55cm、38cm", "B": "60cm、40cm", "C": "70cm、44cm", "D": "75cm、46cm"}, "answer": "60cm、40cm", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "病原体的侵袭力是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "病原体的繁殖力", "B": "病原体产生毒素的能力", "C": "病原体的数量", "D": "病原体侵入机体并在机体内生长、繁殖的能力"}, "answer": "病原体侵入机体并在机体内生长、繁殖的能力", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.结肠癌病灶侵犯肌层,但未穿透浆膜层的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "DukesA1期", "B": "DukesA2期", "C": "DukesB期", "D": "DukesC期"}, "answer": "DukesA2期", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,24岁。足月妊娠临产10小时,宫口扩张2cm,自觉下腹部持续疼痛,孕妇烦躁不安,疼痛喊叫,宫缩频率高,子宫下段收缩最强。2.患者最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "羊水过多", "B": "头盆不称", "C": "多胎妊娠", "D": "巨大胎儿"}, "answer": "头盆不称", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪项是生理性黄疸的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "足月儿生后2~3天出现,14天内消失", "B": "足月儿生后3~5天出现,14天内消失", "C": "早产儿生后2~3天出现,28天内消失", "D": "一般足月儿胆红素水平高于早产儿"}, "answer": "足月儿生后2~3天出现,14天内消失", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "王某是一名注册医师,2002年因在工作中严重不负责任造成医疗事故,患者起诉至法院,王某被认定为医疗事故罪,判处有期徒刑3年,从2002年6月1日起开始服刑。关于此后他能否再次成为执业医师的说法中正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "他可以再次成为执业医师,而且无需再次注册,因此前注册继续有效", "B": "他可以在2002年6月1日之后的任何时间申请并获得医师注册", "C": "他可以在2005年6月1日之后的任何时间申请并获得医师注册", "D": "他可以在2007年6月1日之后的任何时间申请并获得医师注册"}, "answer": "他可以在2007年6月1日之后的任何时间申请并获得医师注册", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "引起破伤风梭菌感染最常见的创伤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "深度刺伤或战伤", "B": "因瘙痒挠破的伤口", "C": "被宠物抓破的伤口", "D": "有厌氧菌感染的伤口"}, "answer": "深度刺伤或战伤", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列各项中术后最早发生的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腮腺炎", "B": "肺栓塞", "C": "肺不张", "D": "伤口裂开"}, "answer": "肺不张", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.肝细胞水样变性(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝细胞嗜酸性坏死", "B": "肝细胞气球样变", "C": "肝细胞碎片状坏死", "D": "肝细胞桥接坏死"}, "answer": "肝细胞气球样变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某研究者,为了验证氯霉素对伤寒的疗效,在408例伤寒病人中进行对照实验,其中251例用氯霉素治疗,其余157例不用。结果使用组251人中死亡20人,死亡率7.07%,未用组157人中死亡36人,病死率22.8%,已有结论被亲自证实。3.在本案例中,下列叙述除哪一项外都是对的?(  )", "options": {"A": "医学实验目的不对", "B": "医学实验目的是对的", "C": "实验代价太大", "D": "本实验是不可取的"}, "answer": "医学实验目的是对的", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男孩,2岁,因呕吐频繁、水样便3天伴发热,于10月底入院,12小时无尿,查体:T 38℃,颜面苍白,皮肤弹性极差,眼窝凹陷,心肺听诊无异常,腹稍胀,肝脾无肿大,跟腱反射未引出,四肢末梢微冷,实验室检查:血钠138mmol/L。3.首先应该补充的液体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2:1的等张含钠液", "B": "1/3张含钠液", "C": "2/3张含钠液", "D": "1/2张含钠液"}, "answer": "2:1的等张含钠液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,35岁。头部外伤后昏迷1小时,出现右侧肢体瘫痪,后逐渐好转。头颅CT示颅内有散在高密度影。应考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑内血肿", "B": "急性硬脑膜外血肿", "C": "脑震荡", "D": "脑挫裂伤"}, "answer": "脑挫裂伤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "指出下述哪一种是戊型肝炎病毒的主要传播途径?(  )", "options": {"A": "蚊虫叮咬传播", "B": "注射、输血", "C": "唾液传播", "D": "粪—口传播"}, "answer": "粪—口传播", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪一项不是恶性肿瘤的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "常有完整包膜", "B": "浸润性生长", "C": "可发生淋巴道、血道转移", "D": "常有出血、坏死等继发改变"}, "answer": "常有完整包膜", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "Ⅲ型超敏反应造成组织损伤的始动因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫复合物的形成", "B": "免疫复合物激活补体", "C": "免疫复合物的沉积", "D": "免疫复合物的清除"}, "answer": "免疫复合物激活补体", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "大肠埃希菌枸橼酸盐(IMViC)试验的结果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "+ + - -", "B": "+ - + -", "C": "- + - +", "D": "+ - - +"}, "answer": "+ + - -", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "常伴有发热和腹痛的子宫肌瘤变性是(  )。", "options": {"A": "玻璃样变", "B": "囊性变", "C": "红色变", "D": "肉瘤变"}, "answer": "红色变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性最常见的生殖器结核是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫颈结核", "B": "输卵管结核", "C": "子宫内膜结核", "D": "盆腔腹膜结核"}, "answer": "输卵管结核", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于高分化肿瘤的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "瘤细胞极性消失", "B": "瘤细胞呈巢状生长", "C": "瘤细胞异型性大", "D": "瘤细胞与起源的细胞相似"}, "answer": "瘤细胞与起源的细胞相似", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "恶性肿瘤细胞的最主要形态特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多核或异形核", "B": "核大", "C": "核仁大", "D": "病理性核分裂象"}, "answer": "病理性核分裂象", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "25岁初产妇,妊娠39周,阵发性腹痛20小时,10~12分钟宫缩一次,持续30秒,宫口开大2cm。2.此时的处理原则应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌内注射缩宫素", "B": "静脉滴注麦角新碱", "C": "肌内注射哌替啶", "D": "立即行剖宫产术"}, "answer": "肌内注射哌替啶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.细菌性感染与食入未煮熟的病畜肉有关的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "副溶血性弧菌", "B": "产气荚膜梭菌", "C": "白喉棒状杆菌", "D": "炭疽杆菌"}, "answer": "炭疽杆菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "世界上第一个安乐死合法化的国家是(  )。", "options": {"A": "荷兰", "B": "美国", "C": "比利时", "D": "丹麦"}, "answer": "荷兰", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "腹水患者,可以叩出移动性浊音,则说明其量约为(  )。", "options": {"A": "700~800ml", "B": "800~900ml", "C": "900~1000ml", "D": ">1000ml"}, "answer": ">1000ml", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "持续性房颤是指难以自动转复为窦性心律的房颤发作持续(  )。", "options": {"A": "24小时(或48小时)以上", "B": "72小时以上", "C": "1个月以上", "D": "3个月以上"}, "answer": "24小时(或48小时)以上", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.脱羧基生成γ-氨基丁酸的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "色氨酸", "B": "组氨酸", "C": "谷氨酸", "D": "苯丙氨酸"}, "answer": "谷氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.对皮肤粘膜有止血作用(  )。", "options": {"A": "雄激素", "B": "糖皮质激素", "C": "环孢素A", "D": "一叶荻碱"}, "answer": "糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "腹部损伤患者观察期间,常规每次检查腹部的间隔时间为(  )。", "options": {"A": "30分钟", "B": "35分钟", "C": "30~60分钟", "D": "60分钟"}, "answer": "30分钟", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,3岁,眼睑及双下肢明显浮肿,少尿l周。查体:精神状态尚好,眼睑浮肿,双下肢呈凹陷性水肿,血压90/60mmHg,心肺正常。尿常规:蛋白质(+++),红细胞0~3个/HP。血浆总蛋白45g/L,清蛋白22g/L。抗“O”正常,C3补体正常,胆固醇11.2mmol/L。2.该患儿病理类型最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "微小病变型", "B": "膜性肾病", "C": "系膜增生性", "D": "膜增生性肾炎"}, "answer": "微小病变型", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "IgA肾病的基本病变特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "局灶性节段性增生或弥漫系膜增宽", "B": "系膜细胞增生,系膜基质增多", "C": "新月体形成", "D": "内皮细胞增生为主"}, "answer": "局灶性节段性增生或弥漫系膜增宽", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.对疾病早期诊断有帮助的抗体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgA", "B": "IgG", "C": "IgM", "D": "IgE"}, "answer": "IgM", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性肾衰竭少尿期最常见的酸碱失衡是(  )。", "options": {"A": "代谢性酸中毒", "B": "呼吸性酸中毒", "C": "呼吸性碱中毒", "D": "呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性碱中毒"}, "answer": "代谢性酸中毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列预防职业病的措施,属于第一级预防的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "定期体检", "B": "及时治疗", "C": "以低毒原料代替高毒原料以减少职业病发生", "D": "定期检查工作设备和环境"}, "answer": "以低毒原料代替高毒原料以减少职业病发生", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于慢性肉芽肿性炎的描述中,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病灶呈结节状,境界清楚", "B": "结核病为肉芽肿性炎", "C": "指肉芽组织增生形成的结节状病灶", "D": "梅毒为肉芽肿性炎"}, "answer": "指肉芽组织增生形成的结节状病灶", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,68岁。2型糖尿病病史14年,血压升高7年,视物模糊3年,渐进性水肿1年。BP 170/95mmHg,尿RBC(-),尿蛋白3.8g/d,血肌酐182μmol/L,B超示双肾大小正常。2.最支持以上诊断的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿渗透压下降", "B": "血ASO升高", "C": "眼底检查糖尿病眼底病变Ⅳ期", "D": "肾小球滤过率<30g/L"}, "answer": "眼底检查糖尿病眼底病变Ⅳ期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.参与糖原合成的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CTP", "B": "UTP", "C": "肌酸", "D": "磷酸肌酸"}, "answer": "UTP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性化脓型感染在出现波动感前需早期切开治疗的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脓性指头炎", "B": "甲沟炎", "C": "急性蜂窝组织炎", "D": "“危险三角区”的疖"}, "answer": "脓性指头炎", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.中性粒细胞分叶过多(  )。", "options": {"A": "生理性贫血", "B": "营养性缺铁性贫血", "C": "营养性巨幼细胞性贫血", "D": "雅克什贫血"}, "answer": "营养性巨幼细胞性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "二尖瓣狭窄时,体循环栓塞最常发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾动脉", "B": "脑动脉", "C": "下肢动脉", "D": "上腔静脉"}, "answer": "脑动脉", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.直、结肠家族性多发性腺瘤性息肉为(  )。", "options": {"A": "癌前病变", "B": "良性肿瘤", "C": "恶性肿瘤", "D": "交界性肿瘤"}, "answer": "癌前病变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不属于心理健康标准的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人格健全", "B": "思想内容健康", "C": "行为和生活方式健康", "D": "智力正常"}, "answer": "思想内容健康", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以下关于急腹症手术适应证的描述最恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性胰腺炎,血淀粉酶高于正常就考虑手术", "B": "消化道穿孔不是剖腹手术的绝对适应证", "C": "肠梗阻只有明确诊断绞窄时才可手术", "D": "先有发热的急性腹痛,一般是外科急腹症,均应考虑手术"}, "answer": "消化道穿孔不是剖腹手术的绝对适应证", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "尿红细胞管型主要见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾小球肾炎", "B": "肾盂肾炎", "C": "下尿路出血", "D": "反流性肾病"}, "answer": "急性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.化脓性细菌侵入血液后大量繁殖,可导致多发脓肿,称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "菌血症", "B": "毒血症", "C": "败血症", "D": "脓毒血症"}, "answer": "脓毒血症", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "营养性缺铁性贫血的临床特征性症状是哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "皮肤黏膜苍白", "B": "肝脾轻度肿大", "C": "记忆力减退", "D": "异食癖"}, "answer": "异食癖", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "哪项符合现代医学模式?(  )", "options": {"A": "生物—心理—社会医学模式", "B": "分子医学模式", "C": "生物医学模式", "D": "整体医学模式"}, "answer": "生物—心理—社会医学模式", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "高渗性缺水的患者常见的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "兴奋、手足麻木", "B": "淡漠、反应迟缓", "C": "呆滞、嗜睡", "D": "口渴、谵妄"}, "answer": "口渴、谵妄", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "晚期卵巢癌治疗,首选的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肿瘤细胞减灭术+化学治疗", "B": "放射治疗", "C": "化学治疗", "D": "激素治疗"}, "answer": "肿瘤细胞减灭术+化学治疗", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,13岁,2年前起病,于生气后突然大叫一声,随之倒地呼之不应,牙关紧闭,双眼上视,头颈后仰,四肢抽搐,无二便失禁,无舌咬伤。发作停止后对整个过程不能回忆,未给予特殊处置,照常上学。2个月后于夜间入睡后又出现抽搐,有小便失禁。抽搐停止后,突然起床冲出门外,无目的漫游,呼之不应,冲动毁物,持续2小时后恢复清醒,对经过全无记忆。此后反复有类似发作,平均每月3次。2.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癔症", "B": "神经症", "C": "癫痫", "D": "脑肿瘤所致精神障碍"}, "answer": "癫痫", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "狭窄性腱鞘炎,疗效较好的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "理疗", "B": "体疗加内服药物", "C": "伤湿止痛膏局部贴敷", "D": "醋酸泼尼松龙局部封闭"}, "answer": "醋酸泼尼松龙局部封闭", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.参与—碳单位代谢(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素B6", "B": "维生素B2", "C": "四氢叶酸", "D": "生物素"}, "answer": "四氢叶酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "人的感觉适应是指由于刺激物的持续作用而使感受性(  )。", "options": {"A": "降低", "B": "不变", "C": "改变", "D": "丧失"}, "answer": "改变", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.肾上腺皮质网状带主要分泌(  )。", "options": {"A": "性激素", "B": "皮质醇", "C": "肾上腺素", "D": "肾素"}, "answer": "性激素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.术后麻醉反应的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "疼痛", "B": "发热", "C": "恶心、呕吐", "D": "呃逆"}, "answer": "恶心、呕吐", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项不是医疗机构应当在12小时内向当地卫生行政部门报告的重大医疗过失行为?(  )", "options": {"A": "发生死亡的", "B": "有重度残疾的", "C": "同时二人人身损害后果的", "D": "同时三人人身损害后果的"}, "answer": "同时二人人身损害后果的", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,26岁,5天来鼻及牙龈出血,皮肤瘀斑,血红蛋白559,白细胞10.0×109/L,血小板16×109/L。骨髓增生活跃,幼稚细胞占0.8,胞浆有大小不等颗粒及成堆棒状小体,过氧化酶染色强阳性。2.本患者临床容易出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "巨脾", "B": "DIC", "C": "严重感染", "D": "中枢神经系统受侵犯"}, "answer": "DIC", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性30岁,既往健康,晨起发病,四肢无力,进行性加重,2天后来诊。查体:脑神经正常,四肢肌力0级,腱反射弱,病理反射阴性,无感觉障碍。6.不应有的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左额纹消失", "B": "左鼻唇沟浅", "C": "张口下颌向左偏斜", "D": "左口角下垂"}, "answer": "张口下颌向左偏斜", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "5.人体实验中的审查程序原则(  )。", "options": {"A": "欺骗、威胁、利诱进行人体实验违反道德和法律", "B": "负担和受益要公平分配", "C": "死亡者家属有权获得赔偿", "D": "需获得伦理专家委员会的批准"}, "answer": "需获得伦理专家委员会的批准", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,60岁,吸烟史30年,慢性咳嗽、咳痰12年,气急3年,呈逐渐加重。胸片示肋间隙增宽、双肺透亮度增加,两下肺纹理乱。3.肺功能显示:肺活量占预计值80%,1秒钟用力呼气容积占用力肺活量比值<60%。最大通气量低于预计值的80%;残气容积增加,残气容积占肺总量的百分比>40%,检查结果提示是(  )。", "options": {"A": "限制性通气功能障碍", "B": "弥散功能障碍", "C": "阻塞性通气功能障碍", "D": "混合型通气功能障碍"}, "answer": "阻塞性通气功能障碍", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.提示体内乙型肝炎病毒处于复制状态的抗体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗-HBs", "B": "抗-HBc IgM", "C": "抗-HBe", "D": "抗-HBV"}, "answer": "抗-HBc IgM", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初孕妇,24岁。妊娠38周。既往血压正常,5天前觉得头疼且逐渐加重。BP 166/112mmHg,双下肢水肿(++),24小时尿蛋白5g,血细胞比容0.42。此时首选处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硫酸镁缓慢静脉注射", "B": "呋塞米静脉注射", "C": "硝普钠静脉注射", "D": "立即行剖宫产"}, "answer": "立即行剖宫产", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,35岁,初产妇。妊娠36周,血压升高1个月,持续腹痛伴阴道少量流血3小时。查体:T 36℃,P 120次/分,R 28次/分,BP 90/60mmHg,神志清楚,全身水肿。子宫硬如板状,胎方位不清,胎心未闻及,宫口2cm,先露-2。2.最有效的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人工破膜引产", "B": "缩宫素引产", "C": "立即剖宫产", "D": "镇静止痛"}, "answer": "立即剖宫产", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "β-受体阻断药有以下哪项作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "升高眼压作用", "B": "有时可诱发或加重哮喘发作", "C": "促进肾素分泌", "D": "可使心率加快、心排血量增加"}, "answer": "有时可诱发或加重哮喘发作", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "预防手术后感染的最重要的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "提高机体免疫力", "B": "术前、术中、术后大量应用抗生素", "C": "避免休克发生", "D": "严格遵守无菌操作的原则"}, "answer": "严格遵守无菌操作的原则", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,72岁。1年来阵发性腹痛,自觉有“气块”在腹中窜动,大便次数增加,近3个月腹胀、便秘,近3天无肛门排气、排便,呕吐物有粪便臭味,伴乏力、低热。3.禁忌使用的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结肠镜", "B": "腹部B超", "C": "上消化道X线钡剂造影", "D": "腹部X线平片"}, "answer": "上消化道X线钡剂造影", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "口服补液盐不适合于(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿腹泻", "B": "腹泻伴轻度脱水", "C": "腹泻伴中度脱水而无明显周围循环障碍者", "D": "补充继续失去量"}, "answer": "新生儿腹泻", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某医学院曾收治3例分别在院外接受过试验性肝穿刺引起急性腹膜炎的病人。术中医生在抽出脓液5~10ml后,即拔除穿刺针,术后未做常规处理,2小时后呈急腹症症状。结果2例治愈,1例死亡。对试验性肝穿刺的下述叙述中不正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "不论穿刺动机如何,只要造成事故,它的价值就是负价值", "B": "只要动机是好的,虽然是事故,它也有一定的正价值", "C": "医学研究的试验设计必须严密", "D": "试验前必须经有关专家审定是否符合科学要求"}, "answer": "只要动机是好的,虽然是事故,它也有一定的正价值", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,42岁。5个月前咳嗽,咳黄脓痰,经检查诊断为“右下肺脓肿”。现住院治疗4月余,仍间断咯血、发热,复查胸部X线片示右下肺可见空洞、内有液平。此时,应采取的最佳治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "经皮穿刺引流", "B": "祛痰及体位引流", "C": "手术切除病变组织", "D": "继续抗感染治疗"}, "answer": "手术切除病变组织", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "21-三体综合征典型的核型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "47,XX(或XY),+21", "B": "46,XX(或XY)/47,+2l", "C": "46,XX(或XY),-15,+t", "D": "46,XX(或XY),-21,+t"}, "answer": "47,XX(或XY),+21", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿重度脱水、有明显周围循环障碍,哪项符合扩容液输注时间?(  )", "options": {"A": "10~20min", "B": "30~60min", "C": "70~100min", "D": "140~150min"}, "answer": "30~60min", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某校住校学生郑某感到不适。几天后确诊患病毒性肝炎。校保健室初步诊治,便安排其去市医院住院治疗,并未引起注意。过几天后,又有郑某的同学、班主任教师、军训的军官相继发病。保健室负责人及管理学生的干部为此受到学校的严厉批评。1.对郑某的发病必须按卫生部规定的时限向当地卫生防疫机构报告疫情的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "校保健室", "B": "郑某", "C": "军训的军官", "D": "学校"}, "answer": "校保健室", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,40岁。3个月来间歇性无痛性全血尿,近2天来加重伴有血块。B型超声见双肾正常,膀胱内有1.5cm×2.0cm×1.0cm新生物,有蒂。1.为明确诊断,最重要的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "MRI", "B": "尿脱落细胞检查", "C": "膀胱镜检", "D": "静脉尿路造影"}, "answer": "膀胱镜检", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,20岁。夜间排尿后突然右下腹剧痛,随后恶心、呕吐。平时月经规律,末次月经为10天前。妇科检查子宫右侧可触及手拳大小囊实性包块,触痛,推移后疼痛加剧。首选考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性阑尾炎", "B": "急性附件炎", "C": "卵巢囊肿蒂扭转", "D": "卵巢黄体破裂"}, "answer": "卵巢囊肿蒂扭转", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肝硬化门脉高压患者,出现全血细胞减少最主要的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化道出血", "B": "肝功能减退", "C": "脾功能亢进", "D": "营养不良"}, "answer": "脾功能亢进", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项不是渗出性胸膜炎的原因?(  )", "options": {"A": "阻塞性肺炎累及胸膜", "B": "系统性红斑狼疮", "C": "气胸", "D": "药物过敏"}, "answer": "药物过敏", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "溃疡病最常见的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癌变", "B": "出血", "C": "幽门梗阻", "D": "发热"}, "answer": "出血", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "面颊部有短暂的反复发作的剧痛,检查时除“触发点”外无阳性体征,常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "特发性面神经麻痹", "B": "三叉神经痛", "C": "面肌抽搐", "D": "典型偏头痛"}, "answer": "三叉神经痛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项不是自身免疫病的基本特征(  )。", "options": {"A": "体内具有自身抗体和(或)自身反应性致敏淋巴细胞", "B": "常呈反复发作和慢性迁延", "C": "常呈急性发作", "D": "有一定的遗传倾向"}, "answer": "常呈急性发作", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,男,5岁,咳嗽4个月,凌晨及活动后加剧,服用多种抗生素无效,服用特布他林(博利康尼)后有缓解。查体无发热,面及颈部散在湿疹。两肺呼吸音粗,该患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛细支气管炎", "B": "支气管异物", "C": "咳嗽变异性哮喘", "D": "支气管淋巴结结核"}, "answer": "咳嗽变异性哮喘", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,44岁。发现血压增高10年。近2年血压持续为170~200/130~140mmHg,近3周头痛、视物模糊。眼底检查发现视盘水肿,最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑出血", "B": "恶性高血压", "C": "脑栓塞", "D": "高血压脑病"}, "answer": "高血压脑病", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "中等分流量室间隔缺损,超声心动可见(  )。", "options": {"A": "左心房、左心室内径增宽", "B": "右心房、右心室内径增宽", "C": "左心房、右心房,左心室内径增宽", "D": "右心房、左心室内径增宽"}, "answer": "左心房、左心室内径增宽", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,50岁,因患短肠综合征,予全胃肠外营养治疗。应用1周时患者出现昏迷,但尿内无酮体。患者既往曾有空腹血糖高(11mmol/L)。2.此病的发病机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内源性胰岛素分泌不足", "B": "等渗性脱水", "C": "输液导管细菌滋生", "D": "肝功能损害"}, "answer": "内源性胰岛素分泌不足", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一小儿体重7kg,身高65cm,头围42cm,乳牙2枚,能独坐一会儿,不能听懂自己的名字,此小儿的年龄最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "9个月", "B": "7个月", "C": "6个月", "D": "5个月"}, "answer": "6个月", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.在小肠粘膜细胞合成的血浆脂蛋白是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CM", "B": "VLDL", "C": "LDL", "D": "HDL"}, "answer": "CM", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.男,50岁,轻度肥胖,已确诊糖尿病2个月,经饮食控制及体育锻炼未能使血糖降至正常,应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "双胍类", "B": "磺脲类", "C": "双胍类+磺脲类", "D": "胰岛素"}, "answer": "双胍类", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列关于心输出量的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心输出量是指每分钟由左、右心室射出血量之和", "B": "健康成年男性静息状态下为4~6L/min", "C": "左、右心室的心输出量基本相等", "D": "由平卧转为站立位时减少"}, "answer": "心输出量是指每分钟由左、右心室射出血量之和", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女孩,4岁,因外院诊断为先天性心脏病而来检查。胸骨左缘可闻及响亮而粗糙的全收缩期杂音,肺动脉第二音稍增强。经超声心动图检查诊断为室间隔缺损。该畸形首先可以引起下列哪一方面的改变?(  )", "options": {"A": "左心室增大", "B": "主动脉扩张", "C": "左心房扩大", "D": "右心室增大"}, "answer": "左心室增大", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "5.参与一碳单位代谢的维生素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "谷氨酸", "B": "组氨酸", "C": "色氨酸", "D": "苏氨酸"}, "answer": "色氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,30岁,3个月来发热、盗汗,伴有腹痛、腹胀。皮肤、巩膜无黄染,颈静脉不怒张,两肺正常,心浊音界正常,腹水蛋白含量30g/L。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "缩窄性心包炎", "B": "卵巢囊肿", "C": "结核性腹膜炎", "D": "肝硬化失代偿期,腹水"}, "answer": "结核性腹膜炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "激活NK细胞、增强杀伤功能的细胞因子(  )。", "options": {"A": "IL-5、IL-3", "B": "IL-2、IFN-γ", "C": "IL-6、GM-CSF", "D": "IL-1、IL-4"}, "answer": "IL-2、IFN-γ", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "早期类风湿关节炎,除药物治疗外,还应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "截骨术", "B": "关节成形术", "C": "滑膜切除术", "D": "钻孔减压术"}, "answer": "滑膜切除术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一女大学生,l9岁,病前有强迫性人格特征。在一次动物实验中,因抓大白鼠的方法不对而被鼠咬,引起焦虑和恐惧发作,而后表现为见鼠就惊叫、害怕、心跳剧烈,发展到有人谈到鼠也出现焦虑、紧张、出汗症状。病人主动求医,要求治疗。3.心理治疗方法应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "自由联想", "B": "奖励方法", "C": "系统脱敏疗法", "D": "生物反馈疗法"}, "answer": "系统脱敏疗法", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "继发性肺结核X线表现多发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "上叶尖后段", "B": "后叶中段", "C": "中叶前段", "D": "中叶后段"}, "answer": "上叶尖后段", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.妊娠患者最不宜选用的降压药为(  )。", "options": {"A": "利尿剂", "B": "α受体阻滞剂", "C": "二氢吡啶类钙拮抗剂", "D": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂"}, "answer": "α受体阻滞剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "研究者预比较两种中成药对口腔溃疡的治疗效果是否有差别,用“有效、一般、无效”作为评价疗效的指标。宜采用的统计分析方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "方差分析", "B": "Z检验", "C": "秩和检验", "D": "回归分析"}, "answer": "秩和检验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,44岁。发热2周伴胸痛,用硝酸甘油无效。体检:心音低沉,有舒张期附加音,血压110/80mmHg(14.7/10.7kPa),肘部静脉压180mmH2O。心电图:ST段弓背向下型抬高,未见病理性Q波。诊断可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "不稳定型心绞痛", "B": "变异型心绞痛", "C": "急性心肌梗死", "D": "急性渗出性心包炎"}, "answer": "急性渗出性心包炎", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,69岁,因少尿、水肿1周,心慌、胸闷1d住院,3个月前因直肠癌行腹部造瘘手术,当时查血肌酐137μmol/L。既往有前列腺增生病史7年。近半年尿颊,排尿困难。尿常规检查蛋白(-),血常规HB 100g/L,血清钾68 mmol/L,BUN 37.5mmol/L,血肌酐109μmol/L。3.最应采取的治疗手段是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大剂量呋塞米静脉注射", "B": "静脉推注强心药", "C": "高糖加胰岛素静脉滴注", "D": "给予透析滤过治疗"}, "answer": "给予透析滤过治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,52岁。2年来每于剧烈运动时发作剑突下疼痛,向咽部放射,持续数分钟可自行缓解。2周来发作频繁且有夜间睡眠中发作。2小时前出现剑突下剧烈疼痛,向胸部放射,伴憋闷、大汗,症状持续不缓解,急诊入院。既往有高血压病史10年,糖尿病病史5年,有吸烟史。查体:T 36.2℃,BP 160/80mmHg,急性病容,口唇无紫绀,双肺呼吸音清,心率103次/分,律不齐,早搏15次/分,A2>P2,腹软,无压痛。2.最可能引起该患者死亡的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "感染中毒性休克", "B": "弥漫性血管内凝血", "C": "恶性心律失常", "D": "上消化道出血"}, "answer": "恶性心律失常", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.能判断氯化还原反应能否进行的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "NAD+/NADH", "B": "NADP+/NADPH", "C": "P/O", "D": "反应系统的自由能变化(△G0)"}, "answer": "反应系统的自由能变化(△G0)", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪一项不是卫生部规定的卫生标准?(  )", "options": {"A": "每100ml汽水大肠菌群不得超过5个", "B": "每1ml饮用水细菌总数不得超过100个", "C": "每1ml饮料细菌总数不得超过100个", "D": "每100ml果汁大肠菌群不得超过100个"}, "answer": "每100ml果汁大肠菌群不得超过100个", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.痉挛性偏瘫将出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "醉汉步态", "B": "慌张步态", "C": "剪刀样步态", "D": "划圈样步态"}, "answer": "划圈样步态", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在微循环中,主要行使物质交换功能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "后微动脉", "B": "通血毛细血管", "C": "真毛细血管", "D": "动-静脉吻合支"}, "answer": "真毛细血管", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.26岁初产妇,孕40周,于晨6时临产,10时自然破膜,22时查宫口开大2cm,应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "潜伏期延长", "B": "活跃期延长", "C": "活跃期停滞", "D": "第二产程延长"}, "answer": "潜伏期延长", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "幼儿锁骨青枝骨折应选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "8字固定", "B": "三角巾包扎固定", "C": "小夹板固定", "D": "皮牵引"}, "answer": "三角巾包扎固定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.禽类B细胞分化成熟的场所(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓", "B": "脾脏", "C": "法氏囊", "D": "淋巴结"}, "answer": "法氏囊", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.上叙哪项是非竞争性抑制作用的特点(  )。", "options": {"A": "Km减小,Vmax减小", "B": "Km增大,Vmax增大", "C": "Km减小,Vmax增大", "D": "Km不变,Vmax减小"}, "answer": "Km不变,Vmax减小", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有关单纯疱疹的叙述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯疱疹病毒仅Ⅰ型可致人类感染", "B": "单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型又称下半身型", "C": "主要引起生殖器,肛门及腰以上皮肤疱疹", "D": "青年女性患者居多"}, "answer": "青年女性患者居多", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "溶血性黄疸时,不存在下述哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "血中游离胆红素增加", "B": "尿胆素原增加", "C": "尿中出现胆红素", "D": "粪便颜色加深"}, "answer": "尿中出现胆红素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "导致慢性肺心病最常见的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "严重胸廓畸形", "B": "支气管哮喘", "C": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病", "D": "肺血栓栓塞症"}, "answer": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "张力性气胸主要的病理生理改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纵隔显著向健侧移位", "B": "纵隔扑动", "C": "肺内气体对流", "D": "皮下气肿"}, "answer": "纵隔显著向健侧移位", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者女性,18岁,上唇红肿疼痛5天,加重伴寒战、高热、头痛2天。检查:表情淡漠,体温39.5℃,脉搏120次/分,上唇隆起呈紫红色,中心组织坏死塌陷,有多个脓栓,鼻部、眼部及其周围广泛肿胀,发硬,触痛;化验WBC25×109/L,N0.90。1.应考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "唇部蜂窝织炎", "B": "唇静脉瘤继发感染", "C": "唇痈并发化脓性海绵状静脉窦炎", "D": "唇痈"}, "answer": "唇痈", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "新生儿败血症的非特异性表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神欠佳", "B": "体温不稳定", "C": "黄疸退而复现", "D": "食欲欠佳"}, "answer": "精神欠佳", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性肾小球肾炎是(  )。", "options": {"A": "增生性炎", "B": "渗出性炎", "C": "化脓性炎", "D": "假膜性炎"}, "answer": "增生性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,58岁,行走时出现右侧下肢放射痛、麻木2年,症状特点是每行走500m沿右侧臀部向右大腿后外侧、右小腿外侧及右躅背放射性痛麻,下蹲休息10分钟症状可完全消失,然后还可以走500m,又需蹲下休息,骑自行车无症状。体检仅有右趾背侧针刺觉减退,嘱行走500m,右背伸肌力减弱为Ⅳ级。双足背动脉搏动良好;X线平片及CT平扫见L5右侧关节突增生,侧隐窝狭窄,L4~5椎间隙狭窄,椎间盘向周围均匀膨出,椎间盘对神经根无压迫。2.最适宜的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "非甾体类抗炎药", "B": "后路腰椎间盘切除术", "C": "右侧L5神经根管扩大术", "D": "牵引、理疗"}, "answer": "右侧L5神经根管扩大术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,56岁,阵发性胸痛10天,每次发作持续10分钟左右,运动可诱发,近1周胸痛发作频率增加,休息时亦可有发作,有陈旧心肌梗死病史,该患者暂时不宜做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心电图", "B": "动态心动图", "C": "冠状动脉造影", "D": "心电图负荷试验"}, "answer": "心电图负荷试验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "胰腺癌最常见的组织类型为(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺泡细胞癌", "B": "导管细胞癌", "C": "多形性腺癌", "D": "纤维细胞腺癌"}, "answer": "导管细胞癌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,24岁,一向体健。某日晨醒转时觉右耳后痛,1天后脸歪向左侧,舌右侧味觉减退。他对响声感到非常不适,右眼经常有刺激感。无视物成双、耳鸣、听力丧失、无力等。检查:右侧不能蹙额、皱眉、闭目,示齿时口角向左侧歪斜,舌右侧前部的味觉减退。2.最正确的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑桥梗死", "B": "小脑脑桥角肿瘤", "C": "特发性面神经麻痹", "D": "脑桥神经胶质瘤"}, "answer": "特发性面神经麻痹", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.巨细胞病毒(CMV)感染主要经(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸道、消化道和直接接触传播", "B": "消化道传播", "C": "性接触传播", "D": "垂直传播"}, "answer": "垂直传播", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "支气管肺炎,患儿停用抗生素的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗生素用至体温正常后7~9天", "B": "抗生素用至体温正常后5~7天", "C": "抗生素用至体温正常后2~3天", "D": "抗生素用至体温正常后9~11天"}, "answer": "抗生素用至体温正常后5~7天", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "怀疑胃癌,对下列情况应尽早和定期胃镜检查,其中哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "40岁以上,特别是男性,近期出现消化不良、呕血或黑粪", "B": "良性溃疡但胃酸缺乏", "C": "胃溃疡经正规治疗无效", "D": "X线发现大于2cm的胃息肉者"}, "answer": "良性溃疡但胃酸缺乏", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症发生惊厥是由于血清中(  )。", "options": {"A": "钠离子浓度降低", "B": "氯离子浓度降低", "C": "钙离子浓度降低", "D": "磷离子浓度降低"}, "answer": "钙离子浓度降低", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,35岁。发生左侧腹部及左下胸部撞击伤4小时。检查:神志清,体温37℃,血压80/60mmHg,脉率130次/分,左侧腹压痛,有轻度反跳痛及肌紧张,血白细胞20×109/L,尿镜检红细胞20/HP。正确的急救处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大剂量抗菌药物治疗", "B": "剂腹探查后再纠正休克", "C": "纠正休克的同时,考虑立即剖腹探查", "D": "应用25%甘露醇静注,密切观察尿液的改变"}, "answer": "纠正休克的同时,考虑立即剖腹探查", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.溃疡型胃癌(  )。", "options": {"A": "溃疡直径超过2cm", "B": "溃疡底部正常胃壁结构被破坏", "C": "以上三项均有", "D": "以上三项均无"}, "answer": "以上三项均有", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.属于理智感的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "害羞", "B": "为祖国而自豪", "C": "强烈的求知欲望", "D": "轻蔑"}, "answer": "强烈的求知欲望", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下哪项是组成多聚核苷酸的骨架成分?(  )", "options": {"A": "戊糖与戊糖", "B": "碱基与磷酸", "C": "碱基与碱基", "D": "戊糖与磷酸"}, "answer": "戊糖与磷酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,16岁。2周来尿少,全身水肿明显,尿蛋白定量8g/24h,血浆白蛋白18g/L,尿沉渣镜检有红细胞3~5个/HP,有透明管型和偶见颗粒管型,血红蛋白正常,血肌酐正常,血尿素氮10mmol/L。5.患者应用泼尼松每日1mg/kg,口服,2周后尿蛋白转阴,最可能的诊断应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膜性肾病", "B": "微小病变肾病", "C": "系膜毛细血管性肾炎", "D": "局灶节段性肾小球硬化症"}, "answer": "微小病变肾病", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,54岁。20天内呕血2次,每次呕血之后大便发黑。乙肝病史30年。贫血貌,浅表淋巴结未触及,皮肤蜘蛛痣和出血点。腹软,肝未触及,腹水征(+)。肾功能正常。胃镜检查见食管静脉曲张。2.如果治疗后又发生大出血,最易发生的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝性脑病", "B": "急性左心衰竭", "C": "急性肾衰竭", "D": "急性重型肝炎"}, "answer": "肝性脑病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,40岁。胃溃疡患者,24小时内呕咖啡渣样物100mL,并解柏油样稀便1500mL,面色苍白,肢端发冷。脉搏126次/min,血压60/40mmHg,Hb 55g/L。最佳处理为(  )。", "options": {"A": "输低分子右旋糖酐", "B": "立即输血或平衡盐溶液", "C": "急诊手术", "D": "升压药"}, "answer": "立即输血或平衡盐溶液", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某心理治疗师婉拒治疗的患者请吃饭的邀请,其遵循的原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "真诚原则", "B": "关系限定原则", "C": "回避原则", "D": "客观中立原则"}, "answer": "关系限定原则", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,40岁,烧伤后3小时入院。疼痛剧烈,感口渴。面色苍白,心率150次/分,血压85/65mmHg,头颈部、躯干部布满大小不等水疱,可见潮红创面。双上肢呈焦黄色,无水疱。1.该患者的烧伤总面积估计为(  )。", "options": {"A": "7×9%", "B": "6×9%", "C": "5×9%", "D": "4×9%"}, "answer": "6×9%", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.下肢短缩,外展,极度外旋位(  )。", "options": {"A": "股骨粗隆间骨折", "B": "股骨髁上骨折", "C": "股骨上1/3骨折", "D": "股骨上中段骨折"}, "answer": "股骨粗隆间骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "酵解过程中可被别构调节的限速酶是下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "乳酸脱氢酶", "B": "6-磷酸果糖-1-激酶", "C": "3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶", "D": "磷酸己糖异构酶"}, "answer": "6-磷酸果糖-1-激酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "霍乱弧菌的致病因素,不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "菌毛", "B": "荚膜", "C": "肠毒素", "D": "内毒素"}, "answer": "荚膜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对确诊霍乱最有意义的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不发热,无痛性腹泻", "B": "有典型的“米泔水”样粪便", "C": "粪便培养阳性或血清抗体效价呈4倍增长", "D": "粪便涂片镜检见革兰染色阴性弧菌"}, "answer": "粪便培养阳性或血清抗体效价呈4倍增长", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,73岁。突发腹痛伴寒战、高热5天,巩膜黄染2天。查体:T 39.1℃,P 104次/分,R 22次/分, BP 100/72mmHg。上腹肌紧张,压痛、反跳痛(+),肝脾未触及,肠鸣音2~3次/分。血WBC 16×109/L,N 0.79,ALT 60U/L,AST 55U/L,TBIL 69umol/L, DBIL 61umol/L,血、尿淀粉酶在正常范围。为明确诊断,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部B超", "B": "腹部CT", "C": "腹部X线平片", "D": "ERCP"}, "answer": "腹部B超", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项为病人最常见的情绪反应?(  )", "options": {"A": "抑郁", "B": "焦虑", "C": "沮丧", "D": "恐惧"}, "answer": "焦虑", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述有关基础代谢中的叙述哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "在基础状态下测定", "B": "反映人体最低的能量代谢水平", "C": "临床常用相对值表示", "D": "正常平均值相差±(10%~l5%)属于正常"}, "answer": "反映人体最低的能量代谢水平", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,2岁,出生时正常,3个月后皮肤和头发色泽逐渐变浅。目前不会独站,不会说话,偶有抽搐,身上有怪臭味,有助于诊断的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血钙测定", "B": "尿三氯化铁试验", "C": "氨基酸学分析", "D": "血镁测定"}, "answer": "尿三氯化铁试验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有关无症状性脑梗死的描述中不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病因多是动脉粥样硬化", "B": "可引起血管性认知障碍", "C": "无明显体征", "D": "多位于非功能区"}, "answer": "可引起血管性认知障碍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.公平原则是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "以人作为受试对象的试验", "B": "人体实验时必须要做到真正的知情同意", "C": "选择受试者的时候需遵循的", "D": "保障受试者身心安全"}, "answer": "选择受试者的时候需遵循的", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女孩,7岁,发热伴腹痛半天,抽搐1次,呕吐2次,体重:T 40℃,BP 60/30mmHg,面色苍白,四肢湿冷,呼吸急促,心率快,腹平软,肝区压痛,肠鸣音活跃,脑膜刺激征阴性。3.应立即检查的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑电图", "B": "头颅CT", "C": "便常规", "D": "腹部B超"}, "answer": "便常规", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肾功能不全患者禁用的抗菌药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿莫西林", "B": "头孢曲松", "C": "阿米卡星", "D": "阿奇霉素"}, "answer": "阿米卡星", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "开放性肋骨骨折不需要(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸壁悬吊牵引", "B": "清创缝合", "C": "胸腔闭式引流", "D": "使用抗生素"}, "answer": "胸壁悬吊牵引", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "新生儿消化系统特点中,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "贲门括约肌发达", "B": "胃底发育差,呈水平位", "C": "幽门括约肌较发达", "D": "肠管壁较薄,通透性高"}, "answer": "贲门括约肌发达", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.可作为弯曲杆菌所致肠炎的首选药(  )。", "options": {"A": "林可霉素", "B": "红霉素", "C": "古霉素", "D": "多黏菌素"}, "answer": "红霉素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "参与黏膜免疫的免疫球蛋白是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgA", "B": "IgM", "C": "IgD", "D": "IgE"}, "answer": "IgA", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "RNA是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脱氧核糖核苷", "B": "核糖核酸", "C": "脱氧核糖核苷酸", "D": "核糖核苷酸"}, "answer": "核糖核酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3岁患儿,反复发作咳嗽2个月,常于清晨发作,运动后加重,无发热。曾用多种抗生素无效。化验血WBC6.2×106/L,胸透未见异常。2.为确定诊断,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支原体抗体", "B": "血气分析", "C": "胸部CT", "D": "气道反应性测定"}, "answer": "气道反应性测定", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿肺炎病情严重时,下列项目的变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "PaO2增高,SaO2下降", "B": "PaO2下降,SaO2增高", "C": "PaO2增高,SaO2增高", "D": "PaO2下降,SaO2下降"}, "answer": "PaO2下降,SaO2下降", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.上述哪项是对肿瘤细胞有特异性杀伤作用的细胞?(  )", "options": {"A": "Tc", "B": "Mφ", "C": "NK", "D": "LAK"}, "answer": "Tc", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "胰岛素降血糖是多方面作用的结果,但不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "加强糖原合成、抑制糖原分解", "B": "加快糖的有氧氧化", "C": "抑制肝内糖异生", "D": "促进葡萄糖经肾排出"}, "answer": "促进葡萄糖经肾排出", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "脂肪酸合成过程中,脂酰基的载体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肉碱", "B": "ACP", "C": "草酰乙酸", "D": "丙二酰CoA"}, "answer": "ACP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男性,40岁,发热伴鼻出血1周。检查牙龈肿胀,肝脾轻度增大;血红蛋白40g/L,白细胞6.0×109/L,血小板15×109/L,骨髓象原始细胞占60%,过氧化酶染色阳性,非特异性酯酶阳性,阳性反应可被氟化钠抑制,应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性早幼粒细胞白血病", "B": "急性淋巴细胞性白血病", "C": "急性红白血病", "D": "急性单核细胞性白血病"}, "answer": "急性单核细胞性白血病", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,10岁,突发右大腿下端剧痛伴高热达40℃二天,有毒血症表现,白细胞计数18×109/L中性90%,怀疑为急性化脓性骨髓炎。2.最有价值的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线摄片检查", "B": "血培养", "C": "局部分层穿刺", "D": "核素骨显像"}, "answer": "局部分层穿刺", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,56岁。右下肢静脉迂曲扩张20年,伴下肢酸胀,水肿,活动或抬高患肢减轻,近2年有足靴区皮肤发红,时有瘙痒,逐渐加重,查体:右下肢大腿内侧、小腿后可见迂曲扩张的静脉团,足靴区色素沉着,皮肤变厚。1.该患者属于哪一类病变?(  )", "options": {"A": "下肢静脉回流", "B": "下肢静脉倒流性疾病", "C": "动静脉瘘", "D": "以上均不是"}, "answer": "下肢静脉倒流性疾病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.白喉杆菌具有(  )。", "options": {"A": "芽胞", "B": "鞭毛", "C": "菌毛", "D": "异染颗粒"}, "answer": "异染颗粒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对病人自主与医生做主之间关系正确的理解是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人自主与医生做主不是对立的", "B": "强调病人自主,也充分看到医生做主的存在价值", "C": "强调医生决定,兼顾病人自主", "D": "强调病人自主,目的在于减轻医生的责任"}, "answer": "强调病人自主,也充分看到医生做主的存在价值", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,30岁。从3楼跌下,右6、7、8肋骨骨折,肝破裂、肠破裂。入院时精神紧张,体温38.5℃,面色苍白,肢端冰冷,脉搏细速,脉率110次/分,血压130/100mmHg,尿量减少。2.目前不宜紧急进行的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹腔穿刺", "B": "中心静脉压测定", "C": "静脉肾盂造影", "D": "测定二氧化碳结合力"}, "answer": "静脉肾盂造影", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.α受体阻断药可翻转哪种药物的升压作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "阿托品+毛果芸香碱", "B": "阿托品+碘解磷定", "C": "肾上腺素", "D": "去甲肾上腺素"}, "answer": "肾上腺素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "具有C型人格特征的人易患(  )。", "options": {"A": "冠心病", "B": "糖尿病", "C": "恶性肿瘤", "D": "哮喘"}, "answer": "恶性肿瘤", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "预防非甾体抗炎药所致消化性溃疡的首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胶体铋", "B": "米索前列醇", "C": "阿莫西林", "D": "以上都不对"}, "answer": "米索前列醇", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.一次饮用大量清水引起尿量增多称(  )。", "options": {"A": "水利尿", "B": "渗透性利尿", "C": "尿失禁", "D": "尿潴留"}, "answer": "水利尿", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.Th1细胞主要分泌的细胞因子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IL-1", "B": "IL-2", "C": "IL-4", "D": "IL-5"}, "answer": "IL-2", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于胃排空的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "食物入胃后5分钟即有部分排空", "B": "混合食物由胃完全排空需4~6小时", "C": "蛋白质食物比糖和脂肪食物排空慢", "D": "胃内食物的量与胃排空的速率有关"}, "answer": "蛋白质食物比糖和脂肪食物排空慢", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于手外伤清创术的处理原则,下列哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "力争在6~8小时内进行", "B": "不能在有张力的情况下,勉强缝合伤口", "C": "创口方向纵行越过关节或与指蹼边缘平行时,应采用“Z”字成形术", "D": "软组织缺损较大有骨外露时,最好用游离植皮术"}, "answer": "软组织缺损较大有骨外露时,最好用游离植皮术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列预防和治疗术后肺不张的措施中,不恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鼓励咳痰", "B": "防止呕吐", "C": "术前锻炼深呼吸", "D": "术后胸、腹部切口应紧紧固定或绑扎"}, "answer": "术后胸、腹部切口应紧紧固定或绑扎", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,5周岁,两周前曾患感冒,目前不规则发热,易疲倦,脸色略苍白,查体发现心率增快,心尖部第一心音减弱,并可闻及早搏,心电图检查:P-R间期延长,ST段下移,实验室检查:C反应蛋白增高。2.下列哪项检查可以帮助确诊?(  )", "options": {"A": "抗透明质酸酶", "B": "谷草转氨酶", "C": "血沉", "D": "心脏X线检查"}, "answer": "抗透明质酸酶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,60岁。活动时胸骨后疼痛,胸骨右缘第2肋间可闻及4/6级收缩期喷射样杂音。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动脉瓣关闭不全", "B": "二尖瓣狭窄", "C": "主动脉瓣狭窄", "D": "肺动脉瓣狭窄"}, "answer": "主动脉瓣狭窄", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "鉴别中央型腰椎间盘突出症与椎管内肿瘤最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "MRI", "B": "鞍区感觉检查", "C": "X线", "D": "肛门括约肌检查"}, "answer": "MRI", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "参与经典途径激活补体的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "LPS", "B": "IgD", "C": "IgA", "D": "IgM"}, "answer": "IgM", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "骨折引起脂肪栓塞的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人肥胖", "B": "骨筋膜室压力过高", "C": "创伤的应激作用", "D": "脂肪肝"}, "answer": "骨筋膜室压力过高", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "骨折愈合过程中血肿机化演进期的完成时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "3天", "B": "5天", "C": "1周", "D": "2周"}, "answer": "2周", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3岁患儿,曾多次患肺炎,平时无发绀。查体:心前区隆起,心尖搏动弥散,胸骨左缘第2肋间闻Ⅲ级粗糙的连续性机器样杂音,向颈部传导,有震颤,有水冲脉。3.心电图可能的改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右心室肥厚", "B": "右心房肥大", "C": "左心室肥厚", "D": "左束支阻滞"}, "answer": "左心室肥厚", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肾综合征出血热病毒通过以下哪种中间媒介传播?(  )", "options": {"A": "螨", "B": "蚁", "C": "猪", "D": "跳蚤"}, "answer": "螨", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,40岁,体型偏胖,近2年反复出现清晨不易唤醒,喝糖水后可缓解,且发作逐渐频繁。其可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝硬化", "B": "垂体前叶功能减退", "C": "原发性肾上腺皮质功能减退", "D": "胰岛素瘤"}, "answer": "胰岛素瘤", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.皮肤弹性差,尿少,四肢凉,血压低,血清钠125mmol/L(  )。", "options": {"A": "低渗性脱水", "B": "高渗性脱水", "C": "低钾血症", "D": "代谢性酸中毒"}, "answer": "低渗性脱水", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,26岁,已婚。突发腹痛、阴道流血1天。血压60/40mmHg,体检发现一侧下腹部持续剧烈疼痛,阴道后穹隆穿刺抽出不凝血。最有价值的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一侧下腹部持续性剧烈疼痛", "B": "阴道后穹隆穿刺抽出不凝血", "C": "突发腹痛", "D": "血压60/40mmhg"}, "answer": "阴道后穹隆穿刺抽出不凝血", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,50岁。因胃癌伴重度贫血入院,既往体健,无输血史。术前化验Hb 56g/L,为纠正贫血。下列最合适的输血治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "输全血", "B": "输浓缩红细胞", "C": "输洗涤红细胞", "D": "输去白细胞的红细胞"}, "answer": "输浓缩红细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "定群研究,又称(  )。", "options": {"A": "队列研究", "B": "现况调查", "C": "临床随访研究", "D": "实验研究"}, "answer": "队列研究", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "慢性丙型肝炎,抗HCV(+),HCV PCR(+),ALT 120U/L,肝肋下l.0cm,脾界不大,侧卧未触及,此患根本治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用甘利欣降酶", "B": "护肝治疗", "C": "调节免疫治疗", "D": "抗病毒应用干扰素治疗"}, "answer": "抗病毒应用干扰素治疗", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "风疹与麻疹的主要鉴别点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全身症状轻,耳后淋巴结肿大", "B": "皮疹为全身性分布", "C": "呈充血性斑丘疹", "D": "外周血白细胞减少"}, "answer": "全身症状轻,耳后淋巴结肿大", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪一种贫血是由于红细胞破坏过多引起的?(  )。", "options": {"A": "ITP", "B": "缺铁性贫血", "C": "PNH", "D": "遗传性球形细胞增多症"}, "answer": "遗传性球形细胞增多症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有一名65岁病人,2个月前有头外伤史,现头痛,CT示右额颞顶新月形低密度影像,诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性硬膜外血肿", "B": "急性硬膜下血肿", "C": "慢性硬膜下血肿", "D": "脑内血肿"}, "answer": "慢性硬膜下血肿", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.流行性乙型脑炎的防御措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "灭虱", "B": "灭鼠", "C": "灭蜱", "D": "灭蚊"}, "answer": "灭蚊", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列卵巢肿瘤中属于恶性的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤维瘤", "B": "内胚窦瘤", "C": "黏液性囊腺瘤", "D": "皮样囊肿"}, "answer": "内胚窦瘤", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列精神分裂症状中,属于阳性症状的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "思维贫乏", "B": "病理性象征性思维", "C": "情感淡漠", "D": "意志减退"}, "answer": "病理性象征性思维", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.典型的十二指肠溃疡的症状特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "进行性吞咽困难", "B": "进餐后上腹痛,至下一餐前缓解", "C": "不洁饮食后上腹痛,伴呕吐、腹泻", "D": "空腹及夜间上腹痛,进食后可缓解"}, "answer": "空腹及夜间上腹痛,进食后可缓解", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,35岁,药物流产后3天,高热伴右下腹痛1天,妇科检查:白带脓性,宫颈举痛,宫体大小如妊娠六周,右附件区有明显压痛。1.该病人首先考虑诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性盆腔炎", "B": "宫外孕", "C": "急性阑尾炎", "D": "肠梗阻"}, "answer": "急性盆腔炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肾小球囊壁层上皮细胞增生是哪类肾小球疾病的病理表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "新月体肾炎", "B": "膜性肾病", "C": "脂性肾病", "D": "膜增生性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "新月体肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.做基础降压药宜选(  )。", "options": {"A": "氢氯噻嗪", "B": "阿米洛利", "C": "螺内酯", "D": "呋塞米"}, "answer": "氢氯噻嗪", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "正常人消化道内铁吸收效率最高的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "十二指肠及空肠上部", "B": "胃", "C": "回肠", "D": "回盲部"}, "answer": "十二指肠及空肠上部", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对肝癌的临床诊断最具特异性的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝区疼痛", "B": "进行性肝大,质硬", "C": "梗阻性黄疸", "D": "胆囊大"}, "answer": "进行性肝大,质硬", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,男,4岁,因高热、喘鸣急诊。医生检查灰白膜由咽蔓延及喉,诊断为白喉。作气管切开、给予白喉抗毒素及抗生素。白喉毒素可以致死,是因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "阻碍肽链合成后的分泌", "B": "阻碍氨基酸的活化", "C": "阻碍肽链合成的起始", "D": "阻碍肽链合成的延长"}, "answer": "阻碍肽链合成的延长", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肾病综合征时,导致组织水肿的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血浆胶体渗透压降低", "B": "毛细血管血压升高", "C": "淋巴回流受阻", "D": "毛细血管壁通透性增加"}, "answer": "血浆胶体渗透压降低", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,30岁,洗澡中无意发现左侧前臂皮下2枚结节,无压痛,活动好,黄豆大小。为确定诊断应做哪一项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "囊虫皮试", "B": "血嗜酸粒细胞计数", "C": "活体组织学检查", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "活体组织学检查", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,40岁。近5个月来上腹胀痛,反酸,近3个月来反复呕吐,呕吐物为酸性宿食,按幽门梗阻内科治疗5天后缓解。1.幽门梗阻的原因可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "黏膜炎症,水肿", "B": "溃疡愈合,瘢痕形成", "C": "癌变", "D": "胃外压性梗阻"}, "answer": "黏膜炎症,水肿", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.Ⅱ期淋巴瘤(  )。", "options": {"A": "病变仅限于一个解剖部位", "B": "病变累及右侧颈、腋下和腹股沟淋巴结", "C": "病变累及左腋下淋巴结及肝", "D": "病变累及左颈及纵隔淋巴结"}, "answer": "病变累及左颈及纵隔淋巴结", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "糖皮质激素对消化系统影响的不正确描述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制食欲,减弱消化", "B": "诱发脂肪肝", "C": "抑制胃粘液分泌", "D": "促进胃酸分泌"}, "answer": "抑制食欲,减弱消化", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于pH与酶促反应速度关系的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "pH对酶促反应影响不大", "B": "pH影响酶的解离程度", "C": "最适pH是酶的特征性常数", "D": "人体内酶的最适pH均为中性"}, "answer": "pH影响酶的解离程度", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染不引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肝炎", "B": "重症肝炎", "C": "肝豆状核变性", "D": "肝细胞癌"}, "answer": "肝豆状核变性", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,64岁。拟行直肠癌根治术,2型糖尿病病史20余年。现每日皮下注射胰岛素。平素晨起应用胰岛素12U,空腹血糖常为7~10mmol/L,尿糖(+~++)。下列围手术期处理不恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "手术当日测定空腹血糖", "B": "必须将空腹血糖控制到正常水平", "C": "尿糖可维持原水平", "D": "手术日晨停用胰岛素"}, "answer": "必须将空腹血糖控制到正常水平", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.溶解免疫复合物作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "C1-C4", "B": "C3b", "C": "C", "D": "C3a"}, "answer": "C3b", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "风湿性心内膜炎疣状赘生物的本质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "白色血栓", "B": "细菌团块", "C": "肉芽颗粒", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "白色血栓", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.脂肪酸β-氧化的酶系存在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "胞液", "B": "胞液和内质网", "C": "内质网和线粒体", "D": "线粒体"}, "answer": "胞液", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "普萘洛尔阻断交感神经末梢突触前膜上的β受体,可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "去甲肾上腺素释放减少", "B": "心率增加", "C": "心肌收缩力增强", "D": "A-V传导加快"}, "answer": "去甲肾上腺素释放减少", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,68岁,阵发性胸闷3年,持续加重6小时后突发意识丧失。查体:BP 40/20mmHg,双肺呼吸音清。心率32次/min,律齐,各瓣膜区未闻及杂音,血清肌钙蛋白水平增高。2.最可能的心律失常是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心室颤动", "B": "室性心动过速", "C": "二度房室传导阻滞", "D": "三度房室传导阻滞"}, "answer": "三度房室传导阻滞", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "细菌性痢疾的传播途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸道", "B": "消化道", "C": "虫媒传播", "D": "血液"}, "answer": "消化道", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "重症脑出血,首选的治疗原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "预防休克", "B": "应用脱水剂", "C": "控制血肿感染", "D": "立即输血"}, "answer": "应用脱水剂", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "南方某村,居民以玉米为主食,某年秋天突然有十余人出现发热、呕吐、厌食、黄疸,随后出现腹水、水肿,因抢救及时未出现死亡病例。经医生诊断排除传染性肝炎,分析原因与居民主食玉米有关。该情况最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "玉米晾晒过程中被多环芳烃污染", "B": "玉米有农药残留", "C": "玉米被黄曲霉素污染", "D": "玉米中混进了有毒植物种子"}, "answer": "玉米被黄曲霉素污染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.属于非器官特异性自身免疫病的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "重症肌无力", "B": "青霉素过敏", "C": "系统性红斑狼疮", "D": "肺炎"}, "answer": "系统性红斑狼疮", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "与新生儿肾脏的生理特点不相符的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球滤过率低", "B": "肾排钠能力差", "C": "尿液浓缩功能接近成人", "D": "肾分泌氨、氢的能力低"}, "answer": "尿液浓缩功能接近成人", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,25岁。3年来劳累时感心前区闷痛及头晕。查体:胸骨左缘第3、4肋间可闻及4/6级收缩期喷射样杂音,无震颤。可使杂音减轻的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服地高辛", "B": "口服硝酸异山梨酯", "C": "口服美托洛尔", "D": "静脉推注毛花苷C"}, "answer": "口服美托洛尔", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "出现肌束颤动的病变部位在(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌肉神经接点", "B": "上运动神经元", "C": "下运动神经元", "D": "锥体外运动系统"}, "answer": "下运动神经元", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "断肢再植术后,血管吻合通畅,患肢(指)的皮温应比健侧(  )。", "options": {"A": "高1~2℃", "B": "高3~4℃", "C": "高2~3℃", "D": "一致"}, "answer": "高1~2℃", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "哺乳期妇女,左乳房红肿疼痛3天,体检:体温38.9℃,左乳外上象限发红,肿胀,压痛,无明显波动感,于压痛最明显处穿刺未抽得脓液。2.最常见的感染细菌为(  )。", "options": {"A": "绿脓杆菌", "B": "大肠杆菌", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "D": "溶血性链球菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.溃疡性结肠炎最常出现的肠道溃疡形态是(  )。", "options": {"A": "环形溃疡", "B": "不规则深大溃疡", "C": "多发浅溃疡", "D": "纵行溃疡"}, "answer": "多发浅溃疡", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,40岁,2个月来左颈部淋巴结进行性肿大、无痛,周期性发热,消瘦。近1周上胸部水肿,颈粗,淋巴结活检有里一斯细胞,胸片示纵隔有肿块。选择哪一种治疗显效最快(  )。", "options": {"A": "MOPP", "B": "苯丁酸氮芥", "C": "放射治疗", "D": "阿霉素(多柔比星)"}, "answer": "MOPP", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "结肠癌患者血清CEA水平高于正常的约占(  )。", "options": {"A": "30%", "B": "40%", "C": "60%", "D": "70%"}, "answer": "60%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "感染性休克的临床特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "暖休克病人神志淡漠或嗜睡", "B": "冷休克病人皮肤色泽淡红或潮红", "C": "暖休克病人,每小时尿量大于30ml", "D": "冷休克病人脉搏慢,搏动清楚"}, "answer": "暖休克病人,每小时尿量大于30ml", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对有心脑血管疾病的患者,以下关于术前准备的说法错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纠正水、电解质代谢紊乱", "B": "脑卒中者择期手术至少推迟2周后", "C": "心肌梗死发病后2个月安排择期手术", "D": "不要求血压降至正常后手术"}, "answer": "心肌梗死发病后2个月安排择期手术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,47岁,半年来逐渐出现坐立不安,搓手顿足,惶惶不可终日,心情忧郁,悲观厌世,无大脑迟钝,无行动迟缓,近1年来月经无规律,手足发热,有时出汗,全身不适。此症状属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "心因性抑郁", "B": "精神分裂症后抑郁", "C": "躯体病伴发抑郁", "D": "更年期抑郁"}, "answer": "更年期抑郁", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,16岁,有胃癌家族史。本人因胃部不适行胃镜检查,结果示幽门螺杆菌(Hp)相关性慢性胃炎伴重度肠上皮化生和活动性胃炎。对此患者最好的处理为(  )。", "options": {"A": "定期胃镜复查", "B": "定期X线造影复查", "C": "根除Hp治疗", "D": "黏膜保护剂治疗"}, "answer": "根除Hp治疗", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "贫血病人血红蛋白50g/L,红细胞比容20%,白细胞4.8×109/L,网织红细胞2%,红细胞平均体积76fl,MCHC(红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度)0.24,血小板120×109/L。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "再生障碍性贫血", "B": "甲状腺功能减退所致贫血", "C": "溶血性贫血", "D": "缺铁性贫血"}, "answer": "缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4岁男孩,自1岁起出现青紫,逐渐加重,哭闹时明显,有昏厥、抽搐史,喜蹲踞。体检:胸骨左缘第3肋间有2/6级收缩期喷射性杂音,P2减弱,有杵状指。3.最可能出现的心电图改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "P-R间期延长", "B": "期前收缩", "C": "低电压", "D": "右心室肥大"}, "answer": "右心室肥大", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,30岁。从3楼跌下,右6、7、8肋骨骨折,肝破裂、肠破裂。入院时精神紧张,体温38.5℃,面色苍白,肢端冰冷,脉搏细速,脉率110次/分,血压130/100mmHg,尿量减少。3.首先施行的治疗措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉输注血管收缩药物", "B": "迅速补充血容量", "C": "观察", "D": "滴注利尿剂改善肾功能"}, "answer": "迅速补充血容量", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.暴发型或重型溃疡性结肠炎患者最易并发的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠出血", "B": "肠梗阻", "C": "中毒性巨结肠", "D": "癌变"}, "answer": "中毒性巨结肠", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "老年人动脉管壁硬化,大动脉的弹性贮器作用减弱,导致(  )。", "options": {"A": "收缩压降低", "B": "脉压增大", "C": "舒张压升高", "D": "收缩压、舒张压都升高"}, "answer": "脉压增大", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列不是女性内、外生殖器官血液供应主要来源的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "髂外动脉", "B": "卵巢动脉", "C": "子宫动脉", "D": "阴部内动脉"}, "answer": "髂外动脉", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "日本血吸虫寄生于人体中的(  )。", "options": {"A": "门静脉系统", "B": "肝动脉系统", "C": "肝淋巴系统", "D": "肠系膜动脉"}, "answer": "门静脉系统", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "7岁男孩,持续发热2周,体温39℃,腹泻3~5次/日,稀便。查体:肝大,肋下2.0cm,脾大,肋下1.0cm。血白细胞1.5×109/L,中性粒细胞0.6,杆状粒细胞0.1,淋巴细胞0.3;肥达反应“0”1:80.“H”1:160;ALT 210单位(正常<40单位)。最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "疟疾", "B": "乙型肝炎", "C": "伤寒", "D": "肾综合征出血热"}, "answer": "伤寒", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "后颅凹占位病人,发生脑危象时,最快而有效的急救措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尽快切除后颅凹占位病变", "B": "立即行后颅凹减压术", "C": "快速行脑室穿刺,脑脊液引流术", "D": "立即行冬眠物理降温治疗"}, "answer": "快速行脑室穿刺,脑脊液引流术", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列不属于心理治疗原则的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "正义原则", "B": "中立原则", "C": "真诚原则", "D": "回避原则"}, "answer": "正义原则", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "骨囊肿好发于(  )。", "options": {"A": "长管状骨干骺端", "B": "长管状骨骨端", "C": "短管状骨骨端", "D": "短管状骨骨干"}, "answer": "长管状骨干骺端", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.糖尿病肾病合并高血压首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "β受体阻滞剂", "B": "利尿剂", "C": "血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻滞剂", "D": "钙通道阻滞剂"}, "answer": "血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻滞剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "侵蚀性葡萄胎与绒毛膜癌的主要不同为(  )。", "options": {"A": "浸润肌层", "B": "细胞明显增生和具异型性", "C": "转移阴道结节", "D": "有绒毛结构"}, "answer": "有绒毛结构", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "室间隔缺损时不会出现的改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左室增大", "B": "右房增大", "C": "右室增大", "D": "左心房增大"}, "answer": "右房增大", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2岁,青紫,哭后加重,有昏厥史,胸骨左缘第3肋间有2级收缩期喷射性杂音,无震颤;心脏X线摄片呈“靴型”阴影。应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "艾森曼格综合征", "B": "房间隔缺损", "C": "动脉导管未闭", "D": "法洛四联征"}, "answer": "法洛四联征", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1岁以内婴儿总能量每日每公斤体重约需(  )。", "options": {"A": "80kcal", "B": "100kcal", "C": "110kcal", "D": "120kcal"}, "answer": "110kcal", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医疗机构临床用血管理的第一责任人是(  )。", "options": {"A": "临床用血的医师", "B": "临床用血所在科室的负责人", "C": "临床用血医师的上级医师", "D": "医疗机构法定代表人"}, "answer": "医疗机构法定代表人", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有关结核性腹膜炎临床表现的描述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "青壮年多见,男女比例约1:2", "B": "多数可触及腹部包块", "C": "为局限的慢性化脓性腹膜炎", "D": "主要表现为腹痛、腹胀,结核中毒症状少见"}, "answer": "青壮年多见,男女比例约1:2", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列川崎病的治疗中易发生冠状动脉瘤和影响冠脉修复,而不宜单独使用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿司匹林", "B": "糖皮质激素", "C": "双嘧达莫", "D": "心脏手术"}, "answer": "糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,30岁,右髋部疼痛1年,伴低热、盗汗、纳差及体重减轻。查体:右髋关节呈屈曲畸形,活动受限,Thomas征(+),ESR30mm/h。X线片示右髋关节间隙变窄,关节面有骨质破坏,右髋臼有2cm大小空洞,内有坏死骨片。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "髋关节滑膜结核", "B": "髋关节骨型结核", "C": "全髋关节结核", "D": "类风湿性髋关节炎"}, "answer": "全髋关节结核", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.降血糖作用最弱的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲苯磺丁脲", "B": "格列本脲", "C": "格列吡嗪", "D": "正规胰岛素"}, "answer": "甲苯磺丁脲", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.Cushing溃疡的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "酒精", "B": "幽门螺杆菌感染", "C": "中枢神经系统严重损伤", "D": "非类固醇消炎药"}, "answer": "中枢神经系统严重损伤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "正常人消化道内铁吸收效率最高的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "空肠", "B": "十二指肠及空肠上部", "C": "胃", "D": "回盲部"}, "answer": "十二指肠及空肠上部", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某山村于8月上旬暴发流行一种疟疾,在6天内相继有近50人发病,患者均为4~14岁儿童。起病急,发热、头痛、全身酸痛、呕吐、眼红。查体:意识清,结膜充血,部分病人颈轻度抵抗,浅表淋巴结肿大。脑脊液呈无菌性脑膜炎改变,外周血象白细胞轻度升高。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "流行性乙型脑", "B": "肠伤寒", "C": "流行性斑疹伤寒", "D": "钩端螺旋体病"}, "answer": "钩端螺旋体病", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肛温<30度的新生儿寒冷损伤综合征治疗后恢复正常体温的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "6~12小时", "B": "10~12小时", "C": "12~24小时", "D": "24~36小时"}, "answer": "12~24小时", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "胃大部切除术后患者,发生早期倾倒综合征的最晚时间是餐后(  )。", "options": {"A": "50分钟", "B": "40分钟", "C": "30分钟", "D": "10分钟"}, "answer": "30分钟", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,60岁,G4P4。近两年来阴道脱出一肿物,逐渐增大。妇科检查:宫颈光滑,屏气用力后宫颈和部分宫体脱出阴道口外,子宫萎缩,双侧附件正常。1.对该患者子宫脱垂程度判断正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅲ度", "B": "Ⅱ度轻型", "C": "Ⅰ度重型", "D": "Ⅱ度重型"}, "answer": "Ⅱ度重型", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "治疗地高辛引起的窦性心动过缓和轻度房室传导阻滞最好选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿托品", "B": "苯妥英钠", "C": "异丙肾上腺素", "D": "氯化钾"}, "answer": "阿托品", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女孩,13岁,发热2周余,胸腹部间断出现环形红斑,化验:血红蛋白105g/L,白细胞13.6×109/L,N84%,L13%,血沉50mm/h,CRP阳性,ASO800U,心电图正常,诊断风湿热。应首选的治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿司匹林", "B": "阿司匹林+泼尼松", "C": "青霉素", "D": "青霉素+阿司匹林"}, "answer": "青霉素+阿司匹林", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于病患关系的表述不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "建立在平等关系上的契约关系", "B": "是服务与被服务的契约关系", "C": "是有法律保障的信托关系", "D": "技术关系是建立在利益的基础上"}, "answer": "技术关系是建立在利益的基础上", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "精神分裂症的阳性症状不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "第三人称幻听", "B": "影响妄想", "C": "思维破裂", "D": "情感淡漠"}, "answer": "情感淡漠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某胃癌患者,手术切除标本,镜下见肿瘤细胞缺乏分化,异型性显著,很难确定其组织来源,应诊为(  )。", "options": {"A": "黏液腺癌", "B": "鳞癌", "C": "未分化癌", "D": "中分化癌"}, "answer": "未分化癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪一种物质不是抗体?(  )", "options": {"A": "胎盘球蛋白", "B": "新生儿从母体得到的IgG", "C": "抗毒素血清", "D": "免疫佐剂"}, "answer": "免疫佐剂", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "癌和肉瘤的转移特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "两者均常有淋巴道和血道转移", "B": "两者都首先转移于淋巴结", "C": "肉瘤常有种植性转移", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "以上都不是", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "胫后血管神经位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "胫后深间隔区", "B": "胫前间隔区", "C": "腓骨肌间隔区", "D": "胫骨外侧间隔区"}, "answer": "胫后深间隔区", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,10岁,反复水肿、少尿1年。查体:四肢明显水肿,呈凹陷性,血压130/90mmHg,心肺正常,腹软。尿检:蛋白(+++),红细胞15~20个/HP。血清蛋白23g/L,胆固醇9.2mmol/L。该患儿做肾病理活检可呈下列改变,但除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "微小病变型", "B": "膜性肾病", "C": "局灶、节段性肾小球硬化", "D": "膜增生性肾炎"}, "answer": "微小病变型", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "妊娠早期羊水主要来自(  )。", "options": {"A": "母血清经胎膜进入羊膜腔的透析液", "B": "胎儿尿液", "C": "胎儿肺", "D": "胎膜"}, "answer": "母血清经胎膜进入羊膜腔的透析液", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿免疫特点中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体液免疫不如成人健全", "B": "细胞免疫也不如成人健全", "C": "新生儿不易患革兰阴性细菌感染", "D": "婴幼儿期缺乏SIgA,易患呼吸道及胃肠道感染"}, "answer": "新生儿不易患革兰阴性细菌感染", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列疾病中,最常出现Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺结核", "B": "膈肌瘫痪", "C": "特发性肺纤维化", "D": "肺水肿"}, "answer": "膈肌瘫痪", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,50岁,慢性肾功不全突发抽搐、意识丧失、心脏骤停而死,其死亡原因可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿毒症脑病", "B": "代谢性酸中毒", "C": "高血钾症", "D": "心功不全"}, "answer": "高血钾症", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,60岁。反复咳嗽、咳痰25年,心悸、气促、下肢间歇水肿3年,病情加重伴畏寒发热1周入院。体检:T 38℃,呼吸急促,口唇发绀,双肺叩诊过清音,中下肺闻及湿啰音,心率110次/分,心律齐,无杂音,双下肢重度水肿。1.该病例最适当的诊断应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病", "B": "COPD+肺心病", "C": "支气管哮喘+肺气肿", "D": "慢支+肺气肿+冠心病"}, "answer": "COPD+肺心病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "内痔的主要供应血管是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直肠上动脉", "B": "直肠下动脉", "C": "肛管动脉", "D": "骶正中动脉"}, "answer": "直肠上动脉", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "弥漫性新月体性肾小球肾炎因肾小球囊内新月体形成,阻塞囊腔,患者可迅速出现的异常情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋白尿", "B": "血尿", "C": "少尿", "D": "乳糜尿"}, "answer": "少尿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,48岁,G2P2,月经周期紊乱,体潮热1年,阴道流血35天,伴头晕,乏力l0天,妇科检查宫颈轻度糜烂,无触血,子宫大小形态正常,双侧附件区未触及异常。超声检查示:子宫内膜厚0.8cm,无流血信号。2.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫颈鳞癌", "B": "宫颈上皮内瘤变", "C": "功能失调性子宫出血", "D": "子宫内膜炎"}, "answer": "功能失调性子宫出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "9个月小儿,牛奶喂养,未添加辅食,多汗,烦躁,有枕秃,出牙2颗,血清钙低,血清磷低,碱性磷酸酶高,长骨拍片示临时钙化带模糊。3.口服治疗剂量的维生素D剂量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "400~800IU/d", "B": "1000~2000IU/d", "C": "2000~4000IU/d", "D": "4000~5000IU/d"}, "answer": "2000~4000IU/d", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "手部创口清创处理,一般应早于(  )。", "options": {"A": "8h", "B": "9h", "C": "11h", "D": "12h"}, "answer": "8h", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某中学生,15岁,经骨髓穿刺检查诊断为“急性淋巴细胞白血病”,给以常规治疗,症状无缓解。医生告诉家长,此病目前尚无理想的治疗方法,医院正在尝试一种疗效不肯定、治疗也有一定风险的药物。其家长表示愿意做这种实验性治疗,但没有履行书面承诺手续。治疗2天后,病人病重,抢救无效,死亡。此后,家属否认曾同意这种治疗方案,称是“拿病人做试验”,要追究医生责任,于是造成医疗纠纷。1.就本案分析,医生做出选择的伦理依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "符合知情同意的原则", "B": "研究目的是恰当的", "C": "治疗期间,医生应是积极负责的", "D": "以上各点都符合临床医学研究原则,没有不正确"}, "answer": "以上各点都符合临床医学研究原则,没有不正确", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.初产妇,轻度妊娠高血压综合征,孕39周,临产,宫口开全90分钟,LOA,S+3,胎心116次/分,羊水轻度胎粪污染,此时恰当的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "剖宫产", "B": "引产", "C": "会阴侧切", "D": "低位产钳术"}, "answer": "低位产钳术", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某年,甲、乙两人群中,几种特殊部位的肿瘤新报告病例的构成比如下表:", "options": {"A": "不正确,因为未用率指标测量", "B": "不正确,因为未进行率的标化", "C": "正确", "D": "不正确,因为未区分发病率或死亡率"}, "answer": "不正确,因为未进行率的标化", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不符合脑膜炎双球菌的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "奈瑟菌属", "B": "严格的需氧菌", "C": "革兰阳性菌", "D": "在普通培养基上不能生长"}, "answer": "革兰阳性菌", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "围产儿预后相对较好的臀先露是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单足先露", "B": "混合臀先露", "C": "单膝先露", "D": "双膝先露"}, "answer": "混合臀先露", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初孕妇,妊娠34周。头晕、头痛伴视物模糊4天,5小时前突然出现剧烈腹痛。查体:贫血貌,血压160/110mmHg,子宫板状硬。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "前置胎盘", "B": "胎盘早剥", "C": "先兆子宫破裂", "D": "子宫肌瘤红色样变"}, "answer": "胎盘早剥", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,60岁。因肝硬化一次排放腹水3000ml而无尿,诊断应首先考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肝衰竭", "B": "肾前性肾衰竭", "C": "肾后性肾衰竭", "D": "肾性肾衰竭"}, "answer": "肾前性肾衰竭", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,16岁。骤起严重水肿入院,血压正常,腹水征(+),尿蛋白(++++),红细胞0~2个/HP,24小时尿蛋白定量6g,血Cr 100μmol/L,血C3正常,血白蛋白24g/L。入院后予泼尼松每日40mg口服。2周后肾活检示:肾小球系膜轻度增生,肾小管上皮细胞空泡变性,免疫荧光检查(-),电镜下见上皮细胞足突融合。治疗6周后蛋白尿明显减少,8周后完全缓解。2.本例最可能的临床诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾小球肾炎", "B": "狼疮性肾炎", "C": "原发性肾小球肾病", "D": "隐匿性肾炎"}, "answer": "原发性肾小球肾病", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪种病理过程叫做机化?(  )。", "options": {"A": "死骨周围纤维增生", "B": "坏死组织排出,空腔形成", "C": "坏死组织由肉芽组织取代", "D": "坏死缺损由周围组织修补"}, "answer": "坏死组织由肉芽组织取代", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩,1岁。发热3天,呕吐1次,抽搐1次,既往6个月曾热性惊厥1次。按时预防接种,出生史无特殊。查体:T 38.2史,R 30次/分,BP 90/50mmHg,颈抵抗(+),双肺听诊未见异常。心率130次/分,律齐,腹软,肝脾肋下未触及,四肢暖,肌力、肌张力正常。Babinski征(+)。3.【假设信息】抗生素静脉滴注3天后热退,精神好转。但1周后又发热至38.5℃左右,并呕吐,惊厥1次。最可能出现的的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "并发脑脓肿", "B": "并发硬膜下积液", "C": "并发脑积水", "D": "并发脑室管膜炎"}, "answer": "并发硬膜下积液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "目前我国所用的狂犬疫苗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "减毒活疫苗", "B": "灭活疫苗", "C": "基因工程疫苗", "D": "多糖疫苗"}, "answer": "灭活疫苗", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,40岁。双下肢水肿9天,尿量减少2天。查体:BP 150/100mmHg,双下肢重度水肿。尿蛋白(+++),血Alb 17g/L,给予口服泼尼松、间断静脉滴注白蛋白及呋塞米。应用白蛋白的目的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "治疗原发病", "B": "提高血浆胶体渗透压", "C": "补充营养", "D": "控制血压"}, "answer": "提高血浆胶体渗透压", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "Cushing综合征最常见的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺皮质腺癌", "B": "垂体ACTH分泌过多", "C": "异位ACTH综合征", "D": "医源性皮质醇增多症"}, "answer": "垂体ACTH分泌过多", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "伸直型肱骨髁上骨折多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "老年女性", "B": "儿童", "C": "中年女性", "D": "中年男性"}, "answer": "儿童", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,28岁,已婚。末次月经为2006年12月20日,于2007年2月11日出现下腹痛,并逐渐加重,伴肛门坠胀。查体:阴道后穹窿有触痛,宫颈举痛。本例首选的处理应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "检测血常规", "B": "阴道后穹窿穿刺", "C": "宫腔镜检查", "D": "腹腔镜检查"}, "answer": "阴道后穹窿穿刺", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.间质性肺疾病发生Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭最主要的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "弥散功能障碍", "B": "通气/血流比例失衡", "C": "肺动静脉分流", "D": "肺泡通气量下降"}, "answer": "弥散功能障碍", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "随月经周期疼痛的乳腺肿块最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺癌", "B": "乳房囊性增生病", "C": "乳腺纤维腺瘤", "D": "乳房脂肪坏死"}, "answer": "乳房囊性增生病", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "感觉过度是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "轻微的刺激引起强烈的感觉", "B": "刺激后经一段潜伏期感到自发的异常感觉", "C": "刺激后经一段潜伏期感到定位不明确的强烈不适", "D": "轻微的刺激引起剧烈的疼痛"}, "answer": "刺激后经一段潜伏期感到定位不明确的强烈不适", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,19岁,无业青年,父亲是生意人,该青年5年来一直在购买收藏女性的高跟鞋而感到满足,而且晚上要抱着高跟鞋睡觉,在心理咨询门诊诊断为恋物癖,对此类患者的治疗最好选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "厌恶治疗", "B": "自由联想", "C": "系统脱敏", "D": "梦的分析"}, "answer": "厌恶治疗", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,女,9个月,8kg,发热呕吐腹泻3天,大便蛋花汤样,无腥臭味,尿量明显少。精神萎靡,皮肤弹性差,眼凹陷,唇樱红,四肢凉,诊断为婴儿腹泻,血钠132mmol/L。3.第1天补液总量和张力应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "720ml,1/2张", "B": "1040ml,1/2张", "C": "1200ml,1/2张", "D": "1400ml,2/3张"}, "answer": "1200ml,1/2张", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.酶促反应速度最快的温度是(  )。", "options": {"A": "温度35~40℃时", "B": "温度80℃以上时", "C": "温度0~35℃时", "D": "温度0℃以下时"}, "answer": "温度35~40℃时", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "预测Graves病停用抗甲状腺药物是否易复发的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "TSH", "B": "抗甲状腺抗体", "C": "甲状腺摄131I率", "D": "甲状腺刺激免疫球蛋白"}, "answer": "甲状腺刺激免疫球蛋白", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "人体活动最重要的直接供能物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄糖", "B": "脂肪酸", "C": "ATP", "D": "GTP"}, "answer": "ATP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩,1岁半,发热伴咳嗽5天,加重伴呼吸困难1天,曾予青霉素治疗3天,查体:T 39℃,躯干可见散在红色斑丘疹,呼吸急促,可闻及中小水泡音。血常规:WBC 22×109/L,N 0.90,L 0.10,胸部X片示双肺斑片影,肺大疱。2.患儿住院后,经过治疗病情曾一度好转,但今天起病情又突然加重,出现高热及呼吸困难,查体:T 39.5℃,R 60次/分,烦躁不安,可见鼻翼煽动及三凹征,面色苍白,唇周发绀。右上肺叩诊呈鼓音,右下肺叩诊呈浊音。右肺呼吸音低,心率140次/分,心音有力,律齐,肝脾无肿大,应首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "真菌感染", "B": "心力衰竭", "C": "中毒性脑病", "D": "脓气胸"}, "answer": "脓气胸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "新生儿生理性黄疸,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "一般情况良好", "B": "足月儿14天内消退", "C": "早产儿4周内消退", "D": "血清胆红素<257μmol/L(15mg/dl)"}, "answer": "血清胆红素<257μmol/L(15mg/dl)", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "易被诱导形成免疫耐受的细胞(  )。", "options": {"A": "B细胞", "B": "巨噬细胞", "C": "单核细胞", "D": "T细胞"}, "answer": "T细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "DNA损伤后的修复不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "RNA引物水解后修复", "B": "光修复", "C": "切除修复", "D": "SOS修复"}, "answer": "RNA引物水解后修复", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.抑制CDP还原成dCDP的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "8-氮杂鸟嘌呤", "B": "甲氨蝶呤", "C": "阿糖胞苷", "D": "5-氟尿嘧啶"}, "answer": "阿糖胞苷", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "我国肾综合征出血热的主要传染源为(  )。", "options": {"A": "东方田鼠", "B": "黑家鼠", "C": "棕背鼠", "D": "黑线姬鼠"}, "answer": "黑线姬鼠", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,42岁,咳嗽,痰中带血有胸痛6个月,既往体健,吸烟30年,30支/天,查体:T 36.5℃,右侧肺部可闻及湿性啰音,实验室检查:血WBC 8×109/L,胸部CT如下。2.为进一步明确诊断,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤维支气管镜", "B": "胸腔镜", "C": "纵隔镜", "D": "磁共振"}, "answer": "纵隔镜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "业务员纪某因身体不适去医院就诊,被初步诊断为疑似传染性非典型肺炎,并被实施单独隔离治疗。2天后,纪某厌倦了被隔离治疗的状态,要求出院;医院反复劝说,不予批准。纪某于当晚溜出医院并回家;医院发现纪某失踪后立即向有关部门报告。家人得知纪某情况后动员其尽快返回医院接受隔离治疗,被纪某拒绝。3.纪某作为患者未履行的主要道德义务是(  )。", "options": {"A": "缴纳医疗费用", "B": "尊重医生劳动", "C": "配合医师诊治", "D": "报告所在单位"}, "answer": "配合医师诊治", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,35岁。高热、寒战、咳嗽3天。1周前曾因面部疖肿挤压排脓。查体:双肺呼吸音增强。血常规WBC 18×109/L,N 0.91。胸部X线片示两肺多发性圆形密度增高阴影。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸入性肺脓肿", "B": "肺淋巴瘤", "C": "血源性肺脓肿", "D": "肺真菌病"}, "answer": "血源性肺脓肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "情绪的特点不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "人类所特有的", "B": "情绪常伴有生理性变化", "C": "情绪的产生有较大的情境性", "D": "情绪的产生多与生理需要的满足有关"}, "answer": "人类所特有的", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,13岁。月经初潮后1年,月经周期1~4个月,经量多,伴血块。此次行经已8日,量仍多。主要的止血措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大剂量雄激素", "B": "大剂量雌激素", "C": "抗纤溶及促凝药物", "D": "诊断性刮宫术"}, "answer": "大剂量雌激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于小儿呼吸道感染错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上呼吸道感染,最常见的病原是病毒", "B": "毛细支气管炎病原体多为肺炎链球菌", "C": "疱疹性咽峡炎病原体为柯萨奇A组病毒", "D": "咽一结合膜热病原体为腺病毒"}, "answer": "毛细支气管炎病原体多为肺炎链球菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿化脓性脑膜炎合并脑积水原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "由于不规律用药", "B": "由于血脑屏障功能差", "C": "由于炎性渗出物阻碍脑脊液循环而致", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "由于炎性渗出物阻碍脑脊液循环而致", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,19岁。近2周来发热38℃左右,伴恶心、呕吐、腹泻。继而出现心悸、胸痛、呼吸困难、晕厥发作。体检发现:面色苍白,精神萎靡,心率40次/分,律齐,心尖部第一心音低钝,且可闻及“大炮音”。临床诊断病毒性心肌炎。2.最适宜的治疗措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉注射阿托品", "B": "皮下注射肾上腺素", "C": "临时植入心脏起搏器", "D": "电除颤"}, "answer": "临时植入心脏起搏器", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.肝细胞水肿的病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝细胞轮廓可见,胞核浓缩,核膜消失", "B": "肝细胞体积增大,双核,核仁明显", "C": "肝细胞体积增大,胞质大小不等的空泡,苏丹(+)", "D": "肝细胞体积增大,胞质疏松,淡染,透明度增加"}, "answer": "肝细胞体积增大,胞质疏松,淡染,透明度增加", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,59岁,突发持续性胸痛3小时,黑矇1次,高血压病史5年,间断服用降压药物。查体:BP 85/50mmHg,心率35次/分,心律齐,心电图示Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联ST段抬高0.3mV,三度房室传导阻滞。在植入临时起搏器以前,提高该患者心率的药物治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多巴酚丁胺静脉滴注", "B": "阿托品静脉注射", "C": "去甲肾上腺素静脉滴注", "D": "异丙肾上腺素静脉滴注"}, "answer": "异丙肾上腺素静脉滴注", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小剂量阿司匹林预防血栓形成的作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制凝血酶原的形成", "B": "抑制PGE的生成", "C": "抑制TXA2(血栓素)的合成", "D": "直接溶解血栓"}, "answer": "抑制TXA2(血栓素)的合成", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,45岁。右上腹胀痛伴间断发热4个月。1年前曾因“菌痢”住院治疗后缓解。曾于粪便中发现有叶状伪足的滋养体。腹部B超显示右叶单发直径10cm囊肿。此病原体从肠道感染至肝的途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "从结肠经门静脉入肝", "B": "从小肠经门静脉入肝", "C": "从胆道上行入肝", "D": "从胃经门静脉入肝"}, "answer": "从结肠经门静脉入肝", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "足月儿,第l胎。生后2天黄疸明显,肝脾略肿大。血总胆红素255μmol/L(15mg/dl),1分钟胆红素2μmol/L,血型A,Rh,CcDee,直接抗人球蛋白试验弱阳性,母血型O,Rh,CcDEe。3.为降低血清胆红素,首选的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "换血疗法", "B": "光照疗法", "C": "肾上腺皮质激素", "D": "输血浆或白蛋白"}, "answer": "光照疗法", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "足月儿,胎头吸引分娩,有窒息史,转入儿科后一直嗜睡、呕吐,枕部有血肿,前囟3cm×3cm,颅缝略宽。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿败血症", "B": "新生儿低血糖", "C": "新生儿先天性脑积水", "D": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病"}, "answer": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "诊断反流性食管炎最准确的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "食管测压", "B": "食管滴酸试验", "C": "食管内镜检查", "D": "食管吞钡检查"}, "answer": "食管内镜检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是与绵羊RBC相结合形成E花环的细胞?(  )", "options": {"A": "T淋巴细胞", "B": "中性粒细胞", "C": "单核巨噬细胞", "D": "B淋巴细胞"}, "answer": "T淋巴细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于对肿瘤的排斥作用,下列哪项是正确的(  )。", "options": {"A": "T细胞介导的细胞毒", "B": "补体依赖的细胞毒", "C": "吞噬细胞对肿瘤细胞的破坏", "D": "以上全部"}, "answer": "以上全部", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "静脉注射去甲肾上腺素后,出现血压升高,心率减慢。后者出现的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "去甲肾上腺素对心脏的抑制作用", "B": "去甲肾上腺素对血管的抑制作用", "C": "降压反射活动加强", "D": "大脑皮层心血管中枢活动减弱"}, "answer": "降压反射活动加强", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,37岁,1年前诊断为再生障碍性贫血,经治疗好转;2个月来乏力、头晕加重,间有酱油色尿。查:血红蛋白60g/L,白细胞4×109/L,血小板60×109/L,网织红细胞84%,骨髓增生活跃,细胞外铁阴性。2.下述治疗措施对病人症状无减轻作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "雄性激素", "B": "糖皮质激素", "C": "脾切除", "D": "骨髓移植"}, "answer": "脾切除", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "需要留验、检疫和医学观察的时限取决于传染病的(  )。", "options": {"A": "传染期", "B": "临床症状期", "C": "爆发期", "D": "潜伏期"}, "answer": "潜伏期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.绒毛膜癌主要播散的方式(  )。", "options": {"A": "血行转移和淋巴转移", "B": "淋巴转移和种植", "C": "直接蔓延和淋巴转移", "D": "血行转移"}, "answer": "血行转移", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "麻疹黏膜斑的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口腔颊黏膜上可见散在直径1mm灰白色小点,外有红晕圈,迅速扩散至整个口腔黏膜", "B": "口腔黏膜上可见直径2~3mm的红色丘疹,很快形成水疱、破渍,周围红肿", "C": "咽部充血,扁桃体大,杨梅舌", "D": "扁桃体肿大覆着白色脓性分泌物"}, "answer": "口腔颊黏膜上可见散在直径1mm灰白色小点,外有红晕圈,迅速扩散至整个口腔黏膜", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述有关Km值的叙述,哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "Km值是酶的特征性常数", "B": "它与酶对底物的亲和力有关", "C": "Km值最大的底物,是酶的最适底物", "D": "同一酶作用于不同底物,则有不同的Km值"}, "answer": "Km值最大的底物,是酶的最适底物", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对人体造成严重后果的风湿病变发生在(  )。", "options": {"A": "血管", "B": "关节", "C": "心脏", "D": "脑"}, "answer": "心脏", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.中等大小可溶性复合物可(  )。", "options": {"A": "引起Ⅱ型超敏反应", "B": "引起Ⅲ型超敏反应", "C": "引起Ⅳ型超敏反应", "D": "是Ⅰ型超敏反应的介质"}, "answer": "引起Ⅲ型超敏反应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.预防支气管哮喘复发(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗生素", "B": "色甘酸钠", "C": "心得安", "D": "水合氯醛"}, "answer": "色甘酸钠", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,50岁。右下腹隐痛伴低热、贫血4个月。下消化道X线钡剂造影示回盲部有充盈缺损,升结肠起始部肠腔狭窄。血CEA明显增高。下列手术治疗术式最合理的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全结肠切除术", "B": "局部切除", "C": "右半结肠切除术", "D": "回肠造口术"}, "answer": "右半结肠切除术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.初生时(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡介苗", "B": "乙型脑炎疫苗", "C": "麻疹疫苗", "D": "脊髓灰质炎疫苗"}, "answer": "卡介苗", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "单纯部分运动性癫痫的病理机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中央后回破坏", "B": "中央后回刺激", "C": "中央前回刺激", "D": "中央前回、中央后回均破坏"}, "answer": "中央前回刺激", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "大叶性肺炎是(  )。", "options": {"A": "变质性炎", "B": "纤维蛋白性炎", "C": "浆液性炎", "D": "卡他性炎"}, "answer": "纤维蛋白性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于肾调节酸碱平衡的机理,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "H+Na+交换", "B": "HCO3-重吸收", "C": "分泌NH3", "D": "分泌HCO3-"}, "answer": "分泌HCO3-", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "35岁,女性,疲乏、晕、肝区不适,肝肿大,肝功能显示血清转氨酶升高,HBsAg、HBeAg、HBcAg均为阳性,临床诊断为乙型肝炎。3.此病疫情的报告时间(  )。", "options": {"A": "6小时内", "B": "12小时内", "C": "24小时内", "D": "城镇于12小时内,农村于24小时内"}, "answer": "城镇于12小时内,农村于24小时内", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1例肾综合征出血热,少尿期第5天患者出现肌张力下降,手足蚁走感,刺痛感反射迟钝。心电图:心率68次/分,T波高尖,QRS丛增宽。应首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "低钙", "B": "低钠", "C": "高钾", "D": "低钾"}, "answer": "高钾", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "麻疹患儿最常见的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管肺炎", "B": "心肌炎", "C": "麻疹脑炎", "D": "营养不良"}, "answer": "支气管肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.窦道(  )。", "options": {"A": "浅层皮肤粘膜坏死脱落形成的缺损", "B": "皮肤粘膜的较深层坏死脱落形成的缺损", "C": "肝脓肿向肝表面破溃,脓汁流向腹腔", "D": "深部组织的脓肿向体表穿破,形成盲端管道"}, "answer": "深部组织的脓肿向体表穿破,形成盲端管道", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "足月女婴,自然分娩,出生体重3kg,娩出时Apgar评分4分,抢救10分钟后评9分。生后2小时出现凝视、哭声单调,继而全身抽搐,肌张力偏高,为控制惊厥,应首先采用(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌注呋塞米(速尿)3mg", "B": "肌注地塞米松15mg", "C": "20%甘露醇10ml静脉推注", "D": "苯巴比妥60mg15~30分钟内静滴"}, "answer": "苯巴比妥60mg15~30分钟内静滴", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "初种麻疹减毒活疫苗的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生后2个月", "B": "生后4个月", "C": "生后6个月", "D": "生后8个月"}, "answer": "生后8个月", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,42岁,上腹疼痛8小时,伴发热,体温38.5℃,频繁呕吐。查体发现上腹部肌紧张、压痛,无移动性浊音。血白细胞15×109/L。X线检查:膈下未见游离气体。3.治疗的基本措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急诊手术", "B": "禁食和胃肠减压", "C": "腹腔穿刺引流", "D": "胆囊造瘘"}, "answer": "禁食和胃肠减压", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "妄想的定义是(  )。", "options": {"A": "在意识障碍时出现的杂乱思维", "B": "在病理基础上产生的歪曲的信念", "C": "是一种可以被说服的不现实的想法", "D": "是在意识中占主导地位的错误的观念"}, "answer": "在病理基础上产生的歪曲的信念", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "冬天某人入浴后不久便突然晕倒,其血流动力学的原始因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全身血管收缩", "B": "血管容量增加", "C": "血流速度加快", "D": "血量减少"}, "answer": "血管容量增加", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对半抗原的正确解释是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有免疫原或抗原性的物质", "B": "只有反应性的物质", "C": "只有抗原性的物质", "D": "相对分子质量小于10000的物质"}, "answer": "只有反应性的物质", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在CCMD-3中,关于广泛性焦虑症的病程要求为(  )。", "options": {"A": "至少3个月", "B": "至少6个月", "C": "至少9个月", "D": "至少12个月"}, "answer": "至少6个月", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,21岁。右侧颞部受击伤后昏迷30分钟,清醒5小时后又转入昏迷,伴右侧瞳孔散大,左侧肢体瘫痪。首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右侧急性硬脑膜外血肿", "B": "右侧急性硬脑膜下积液", "C": "脑干损伤", "D": "左侧脑内血肿"}, "answer": "右侧急性硬脑膜外血肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "出现月经是由于血液中哪一种激素的浓度急剧下降所致?(  )", "options": {"A": "生长激素", "B": "孕激素", "C": "雌激素和孕激素", "D": "雌激素和生长激素"}, "answer": "雌激素和孕激素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于脊柱外伤与脊髓损伤的关系的叙述,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "有的病例表现为明显脊髓损伤,但X线片却无骨折脱位", "B": "胸椎较固定,所以胸椎骨的脱位多无脊髓损伤", "C": "屈曲型骨折脱位造成骨髓损伤最多见", "D": "椎管狭窄患者,脊柱创伤更易发生脊髓损伤"}, "answer": "胸椎较固定,所以胸椎骨的脱位多无脊髓损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列疾病中,持续性干咳而胸部X线片正常的情况最常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管哮喘", "B": "慢性支气管炎", "C": "心力衰竭", "D": "支气管扩张"}, "answer": "支气管哮喘", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "抗凝血酶Ⅲ的作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "封闭凝血因子活性中心", "B": "抑制PC", "C": "抑制血小板凝聚", "D": "抑制TXA2形成"}, "answer": "封闭凝血因子活性中心", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,30岁。全身性火焰烧伤总面积85%,伤后1周,体温40℃,心率140次/分,血压100/70mmHg,前24小时尿量1400ml,排柏油样便2次,每次约100ml,反应迟钝。给该患者补充营养,最佳途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "半流饮食", "B": "鼻饲给入", "C": "全胃肠外营养", "D": "高蛋白,高热量,无渣饮食"}, "answer": "全胃肠外营养", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "人唾液中含有的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脂肪酶和肽酶", "B": "脂肪酶和蛋白酶", "C": "淀粉酶和溶菌酶", "D": "淀粉酶和寡糖酶"}, "answer": "淀粉酶和溶菌酶", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "公正不仅指形式上的类似,更强调公正的(  )。", "options": {"A": "本质", "B": "内容", "C": "基础", "D": "意义"}, "answer": "内容", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.系膜细胞增生,肾小球基底膜不规则增厚呈双轨状(  )。", "options": {"A": "膜性肾小球病", "B": "急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎", "C": "微小病变性肾小球肾炎", "D": "膜性增生性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "膜性增生性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.以上哪项是第三代喹诺酮类药物的抗菌机制?(  )", "options": {"A": "破坏细菌细胞膜结构", "B": "抑制细菌核酸代谢", "C": "抑制细菌细胞壁粘肽合成", "D": "抑制细菌DNA螺旋酶"}, "answer": "抑制细菌DNA螺旋酶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "硝酸酯类与β-受体阻断药联合应用抗心绞痛的药理依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "作用机制不同产生协同作用", "B": "消除反射性心率加快", "C": "缩短射血时间", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,40岁。田间劳动时右足底被割破,伤口长2cm,深达肌腱,自行包扎。10天后感乏力、畏光、咀嚼无力、下肢痛。无神经系统疾病史。查体:满面大汗,苦笑脸,张口困难,角弓反张,阵发性四肢痉挛,心肺查体无异常,腹肌强直,无压痛。2.下列治疗措施中最重要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "控制肌肉痉挛,防止窒息", "B": "中和血中毒素", "C": "应用大剂量青霉素", "D": "纠正水电解质失衡"}, "answer": "控制肌肉痉挛,防止窒息", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "放线菌引起的化脓性感染其脓液特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "黏稠,呈金黄色", "B": "稀薄,呈血水样", "C": "稀薄,呈暗黑色", "D": "可见到硫磺样颗粒"}, "answer": "可见到硫磺样颗粒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.颞叶肿瘤可出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量丰富的视幻觉", "B": "遗忘-虚构综合征", "C": "大约1/2出现癫痫", "D": "广泛智能受损、情感障碍和人格改变"}, "answer": "大约1/2出现癫痫", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于移情的说法,下列不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "移情分析是精神分析的重要方法", "B": "移情是患者与生活中重要人物关系在咨询室中的再现", "C": "移情是心理治疗深入的重要标志", "D": "移情是需要尽可能避免的"}, "answer": "移情是需要尽可能避免的", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿10个月,方颅,多汗,胸骨肋膈沟;血钙正常、血磷低;X线可见骨骺软骨增宽,干骺端临时钙化带模糊,并呈毛刷状改变。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "佝偻病恢复期", "B": "佝偻病激期", "C": "佝偻病初期", "D": "佝偻病后遗症期"}, "answer": "佝偻病激期", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "构成社区的要素不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "行政归属权", "B": "一定的区域范围", "C": "特有的生活方式和文化背景", "D": "生活制度和管理机构"}, "answer": "行政归属权", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "出生后严重感染或贫血时可出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓中黄髓增加", "B": "骨髓中红髓减少", "C": "骨髓外造血", "D": "血片中大量幼稚细胞"}, "answer": "骨髓外造血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "S4的产生机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "二尖瓣突然关闭", "B": "三尖瓣突然关闭", "C": "血流冲击心室壁", "D": "心房收缩"}, "answer": "心房收缩", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.医患关系的民主化趋势要求医生(  )。", "options": {"A": "具有独立作出诊断和治疗的权利", "B": "享有知情同意权", "C": "解释、说明的义务", "D": "恪守职业道德,对患者一视同仁"}, "answer": "恪守职业道德,对患者一视同仁", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "麻疹的出疹时间和表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热1~2日出疹,出疹后体温升高", "B": "发热3~4日出疹,出疹时体温更高", "C": "发热1~2日出疹,以后热渐退", "D": "发热3~4日出疹,热退疹出"}, "answer": "发热3~4日出疹,出疹时体温更高", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "识别转录起始点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ρ因子", "B": "核心酶", "C": "RNA聚合酶的σ因子", "D": "RNA聚合酶的α亚基"}, "answer": "RNA聚合酶的σ因子", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不是原癌基因产物的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞外的生长因子", "B": "跨膜的生长因子受体", "C": "顺式作用元件", "D": "核内转录因子"}, "answer": "顺式作用元件", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "60岁,女性,1年前因股骨颈骨折,行三刃钉固定术,髋活动仍有疼痛,X线片示股骨头密度增高,纹理不清,应考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "创伤性关节炎", "B": "化脓性关节炎", "C": "股骨头缺血发生坏死", "D": "老年性退行性关节炎"}, "answer": "股骨头缺血发生坏死", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,65岁,右乳头瘙痒1年,逐渐加重为刺痛、烧灼感,乳头有碎屑脱皮,轻度糜烂。首先应考虑诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "Paget病", "B": "乳腺炎", "C": "乳腺导管内乳头状瘤", "D": "乳腺增生症"}, "answer": "Paget病", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列食物未煮熟时易导致食物中毒的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "赤豆", "B": "荷兰豆", "C": "绿豆", "D": "四季豆"}, "answer": "四季豆", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,45岁,肥胖7年,口渴多饮2个月,伴经常餐后3~5小时心悸、多汗、饥饿感,进餐后缓解,空腹血糖8.3mmol/L,尿糖(+)。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胰岛素性低血糖", "B": "糖尿病", "C": "胰岛细胞增生症", "D": "2型糖尿病,反应性低血糖"}, "answer": "2型糖尿病,反应性低血糖", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "血栓头部一般属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "白色血栓", "B": "红色血栓", "C": "透明血栓", "D": "混合血栓"}, "answer": "白色血栓", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "尿路感染诊断的最重要依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有尿频、尿急、尿痛症状", "B": "腰痛和肾区叩痛", "C": "有真性细菌尿", "D": "有白细胞尿"}, "answer": "有真性细菌尿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "临床医师应尽的道德义务中,首要和根本的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "对医院的义务", "B": "对同事的义务", "C": "对医学的义务", "D": "对病人的义务"}, "answer": "对病人的义务", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "直接诱导乳糖操纵子转录的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄糖", "B": "半乳糖", "C": "乳糖", "D": "cGMP"}, "answer": "半乳糖", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.男,24岁。下腹痛、腹泻、黏液血便4个月。贫血,血沉30mm/h,钡灌肠检查左侧结肠缩短,结肠袋消失,呈铅管样。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "十二指肠溃疡", "B": "肠结核", "C": "Crohn病", "D": "溃疡性结肠炎"}, "answer": "溃疡性结肠炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "病毒的特性是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体积微小,能通过滤菌器", "B": "含有DNA和RNA", "C": "酶系统不完整", "D": "以自我复制方式繁殖"}, "answer": "含有DNA和RNA", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,25岁。发现心悸、盗汗、易怒1年,伴有饮食量增加、消瘦。查体:BP 110/80mmHg,重度突眼,甲状腺弥漫性肿大,深入胸骨后上纵隔内,心率116次/分。测血T3、T4值高于参考值上限一倍。1.该患者诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Graves病", "B": "结节性甲状腺肿", "C": "亚急性甲状腺炎", "D": "慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎"}, "answer": "Graves病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "属于盆底内层(即盆膈)肌肉的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "球海绵体肌", "B": "会阴深横肌", "C": "肛提肌", "D": "肛门外括约肌"}, "answer": "肛提肌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有关等级诊断的叙述,以下哪项错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "如果病人既有分裂症状又有神经症症状,可以同时诊断", "B": "器质性精神障碍位于最顶端", "C": "如果既满足滥用,又满足依赖的标准,应诊断依赖", "D": "如果心境障碍与人格障碍并存,应首先诊断心境障碍"}, "answer": "如果病人既有分裂症状又有神经症症状,可以同时诊断", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.男,60岁,坐骨神经痛,原应用针灸或阿司匹林可以缓解,本次发作疼痛难忍,上述治疗无效,应该选用哪种药物治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "乙琥胺", "B": "卡马西平", "C": "苯海索", "D": "氯丙嗪"}, "answer": "卡马西平", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,24岁,体检时发现甲状腺右叶内有一1cm大小的孤立结节,无任何自觉症状。2.该患者行手术证实为(病理)“甲状腺乳头状腺癌”为主,部分为“滤泡状腺癌”有较完整的包膜,无腺体被膜侵犯,无肿大淋巴结。她的最佳手术治疗方案应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "因肿瘤分化良好,有完整包膜,应行肿瘤摘除", "B": "因肿瘤只限于右叶,又无被膜侵犯,应行甲状腺右叶全切除", "C": "因属分化良好型,应选用右叶与峡部全切除,左叶次全切除", "D": "应行右叶全切除与右颈部淋巴结清扫术"}, "answer": "因属分化良好型,应选用右叶与峡部全切除,左叶次全切除", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "正常细胞糖酵解途径中,利于丙酮酸生成乳酸的条件是(  )。", "options": {"A": "缺氧状态", "B": "酮体产生过多", "C": "糖原分解过快", "D": "酶活性降低"}, "answer": "缺氧状态", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,18岁,食欲不好,厌油腻,肝大,肝区疼痛,临床诊断急性普通型肝炎,此时患者肝脏出现的病变应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝细胞气球样变", "B": "肝细胞碎屑坏死", "C": "肝细胞透明变", "D": "肝细胞脂肪性变"}, "answer": "肝细胞气球样变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "以下可引起微小病变型肾病的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂", "B": "氨基糖苷类", "C": "非类固醇消炎药", "D": "环孢素A"}, "answer": "非类固醇消炎药", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "8个月婴儿,因皮肤黏膜苍白、食欲欠佳来诊,查体发现肝脾轻度肿大。血象:Hb 70g/L,RBC 3.5×1012/L。血涂片可见RBC大小不等。以小细胞为主,中心淡染区扩大。最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "地中海贫血", "B": "铁粒幼红细胞性贫血", "C": "营养性巨幼细胞性贫血", "D": "营养性缺铁性贫血"}, "answer": "营养性缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,35岁。发热咳嗽2天后出现肉眼血尿,2天后肉眼血尿消失,但6周后尿沉渣镜检RBC 20~30/HP,以变形红细胞为主,尿蛋白阴性,查体未见异常,血压130/80mmHg,血肌酐正常,ANA、ANCA均阴性,C3正常,父母及哥哥体健。3.该患者合适的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "定期复查血尿常规", "B": "药物激素治疗", "C": "抗血小板治疗", "D": "大量利尿"}, "answer": "定期复查血尿常规", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.神经性厌食症(  )。", "options": {"A": "疾病的加重与缓解与心理因素密切相关", "B": "植物神经功能障碍,伴情绪不稳、易激惹", "C": "厌食可与贪食交替出现", "D": "为了减肥不吃主食,只吃菜或水果,直至体重达到满意程度"}, "answer": "厌食可与贪食交替出现", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "符合继发性腹膜炎腹痛特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阵发性全腹绞痛", "B": "剧烈,持续性全腹痛", "C": "疼痛与进食有关", "D": "高热后全腹痛"}, "answer": "剧烈,持续性全腹痛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "28岁男性患者,有不洁性史和注射吸毒史。近半年体重下降,因发热、咳嗽、反复出现疱疹以及口腔真菌感染入院。应选择下列哪种标本和检测项目进行诊断?(  )", "options": {"A": "尿道分泌物,淋球菌", "B": "皮疹渗出物,梅毒螺旋体", "C": "皮疹渗出物,单纯疱疹病毒", "D": "血清,人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体"}, "answer": "血清,人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于血小板在生理性止血中的作用的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "激活的血小板会发生变形、黏附、聚集、释放反应", "B": "激活的血小板内Ca2+浓度升高", "C": "形成血小板栓子实现第一期止血", "D": "不参与启动凝血过程完成第二期止血"}, "answer": "不参与启动凝血过程完成第二期止血", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于子宫下段的说法错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "由非妊娠时的子宫峡部伸展形成", "B": "位于宫颈内口与外口之间", "C": "临产后是软产道的一部分", "D": "至妊娠晚期形成"}, "answer": "位于宫颈内口与外口之间", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女婴,足月顺产,生后15小时出现黄疸,总胆红素102μmol/L,第2和3天血清胆红素分别为204μmol/L和306μmol/L。为明确诊断,首选哪些检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "血型及血型抗体检查", "B": "血培养及白细胞分类计数", "C": "红细胞G-6PD活性测定", "D": "血清甲胎蛋白含量测定"}, "answer": "血型及血型抗体检查", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.《本草纲目》的作者是(  )。", "options": {"A": "华佗", "B": "张仲景", "C": "李时珍", "D": "扁鹊"}, "answer": "李时珍", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,65岁。腹胀伴食欲不振半年余。查体:腹部膨隆,移动性浊音(+)。妇科检查宫颈光滑,盆底可触及多个质硬结带,左侧附件可触及6cm×5cm大小包块,呈囊实性,界限不清。2.若检查结果显示CA1251260U/,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫内膜异位症", "B": "卵巢上皮性癌", "C": "卵巢库肯勃瘤", "D": "乙状结肠癌转移"}, "answer": "卵巢上皮性癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,25岁。主诉心前区疼痛2小时,向左肩放射,吸气时疼痛加重,坐位时减轻,伴有畏寒、发热,体检:血压105/75mmHg,体温38℃,心率110次/分,规则,心脏无杂音,两肺未见异常,有血吸虫病史。心电图示除aVR与V1外各导联ST段抬高。4.本例正确治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "手术取出栓子", "B": "冠脉造影伴紧急PTCA", "C": "心包穿刺", "D": "应用升压药以及强心利尿剂"}, "answer": "心包穿刺", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.参与甘油磷脂合成的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CTP", "B": "UTP", "C": "肌酸", "D": "磷酸肌酸"}, "answer": "CTP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "最有效的干扰素诱生剂是(  )。", "options": {"A": "聚肌胞", "B": "脂多糖", "C": "新霉素", "D": "金刚烷胺"}, "answer": "聚肌胞", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "根据我国《医疗机构管理条例》的规定,医疗机构的门诊病历和住院病历保存的最低年限分别为(  )。", "options": {"A": "10年;30年", "B": "15年;20年", "C": "15年;30年", "D": "10年;20年"}, "answer": "15年;30年", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.检查HBsAg的常用方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单向琼脂扩散", "B": "对流免疫电泳", "C": "ELISA", "D": "荧光标记"}, "answer": "ELISA", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3岁女孩,出生时正常,4月后发现发育落后于正常小儿,伴有惊厥,喂养困难。查体:抬头无力,全身皮肤白嫩,头发呈棕黄色,会笑,说话不清,扶之会站,走路不稳,有明显的鼠尿味,尿三氯化铁试验呈绿色。3.典型的本病应给什么治疗方法最有效(  )。", "options": {"A": "低糖饮食", "B": "低苯丙氨酸饮食", "C": "低脂肪饮食", "D": "低蛋白饮食"}, "answer": "低苯丙氨酸饮食", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.细菌DNA直接进入受体菌称(  )。", "options": {"A": "转化", "B": "转导", "C": "溶原性转换", "D": "接合"}, "answer": "转化", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.甲状旁腺功能亢进所致精神障碍,最常见的症状为(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑郁", "B": "焦虑", "C": "精神运动性抑制", "D": "谵妄"}, "answer": "精神运动性抑制", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "桥接坏死主要见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性普通型肝炎", "B": "轻度慢性肝炎", "C": "急性重型肝炎", "D": "中、重度慢性肝炎"}, "answer": "中、重度慢性肝炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,13岁。剧烈运动后右膝关节前方疼痛1周。查体:右胫骨结节处有明显隆起,压痛阳性。X线片示胫骨结节骨骺增大、碎裂。最合适的处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "局部封闭", "B": "膝关节短期制动", "C": "穿刺活检", "D": "切除活检"}, "answer": "膝关节短期制动", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项可用于检测Ig和补体的含量?(  )", "options": {"A": "直接凝集实验", "B": "单向免疫扩散", "C": "双向免疫扩散", "D": "协同凝集实验"}, "answer": "单向免疫扩散", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "Ⅱ度胎盘早剥与前置胎盘的主要临床鉴别点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "妊娠晚期的阴道出血", "B": "胎儿窘迫", "C": "阴道出血量与贫血程度不相符", "D": "贫血"}, "answer": "阴道出血量与贫血程度不相符", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于真核生物mRNA的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "mRNA的核苷酸的序列是由DNA碱基序列决定的", "B": "mRNA的碱基序列决定蛋白质多肽链中氨基酸序列", "C": "大多数mRNA的5’端有一个7-甲基鸟苷", "D": "大多数mRNA的3’端有一个CCA末端"}, "answer": "大多数mRNA的3’端有一个CCA末端", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "传播疟疾的主要媒介是(  )。", "options": {"A": "三带喙蚊", "B": "中华按蚊", "C": "刺扰伊蚊", "D": "白蛉子"}, "answer": "中华按蚊", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某药的消除符合一级动力学,其t1/2为4小时,在定时、定量给药后,需经多少小时才能达到稳态血药浓度(  )。", "options": {"A": "约30小时", "B": "约20小时", "C": "约10小时", "D": "约50小时"}, "answer": "约20小时", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,47岁,江苏人,因发热伴腹痛、腹泻20天人院,氨苄青霉素治疗无效。体检:体温39.2℃,四肢及躯干皮肤可见荨麻疹,腹股沟淋巴结轻度肿大,肝肋下4cm,质软,脾肋下1cm。血象:白细胞16.2×109/L.,嗜酸性粒细胞0.36;肝功ALT 100U/L。3.下列辅助检查最有价值的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血培养", "B": "骨髓涂片检查", "C": "腹部CT", "D": "粪便毛蚴孵化"}, "answer": "粪便毛蚴孵化", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.男婴,6个月。发热4天,热退后出现皮肤潮红,双颌下各可触及一个疹,查体:精神好,咽部轻度充血,躯干有较密集的红色小丘疹,疹间皮肤正常,左侧颈部可触及一个0.5cm×0.5cm大小的淋巴结。诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹", "B": "川崎病", "C": "猩红热", "D": "幼儿急疹"}, "answer": "幼儿急疹", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "绝大多数正常人Hb亚基组成是(  )。", "options": {"A": "α2β2", "B": "α2γ2", "C": "β4", "D": "α4"}, "answer": "α2β2", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.白喉治疗用(  )。", "options": {"A": "活疫菌", "B": "死疫菌", "C": "抗毒素", "D": "转移因子"}, "answer": "抗毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "伤寒患者最具有特征性的病理改变位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "回肠末端", "B": "升结肠", "C": "乙状结肠", "D": "心、脑"}, "answer": "回肠末端", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "痢疾是一种(  )。", "options": {"A": "化脓性炎", "B": "出血性炎", "C": "假膜性炎", "D": "变质性炎"}, "answer": "假膜性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.专职抗原呈递的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肥大细胞", "B": "DC", "C": "嗜碱性粒细胞", "D": "中性粒细胞"}, "answer": "DC", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "29岁妇女,结婚3年不孕。基础体温曲线呈单相型,经前5天取宫颈黏液,其特征应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "量少稀薄", "B": "量多黏稠", "C": "量多稀薄", "D": "量极少,不易取出"}, "answer": "量多稀薄", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,50岁,下楼梯时跌倒,左髋部剧烈疼痛,不能活动。经X线片检查见左股骨颈骨折,但断端相互嵌插,无明显移位,测Pauwels角<30°,其最佳治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "切开复位内固定", "B": "人工关节置换术", "C": "植骨或血管移植术", "D": "持续皮牵引6~8周"}, "answer": "持续皮牵引6~8周", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,3岁,眼睑及双下肢明显浮肿,少尿1周。查体:精神状态尚好,眼睑浮肿,双下肢呈凹陷性水肿,血压90/60mmHg,心肺正常。尿常规:蛋白质(+++),红细胞0~3个/HP。血浆总蛋白45g/L,清蛋白22g/L。抗“O”正常,C3补体正常,胆固醇11.2mmol/L。3.该患儿治疗应选(  )。", "options": {"A": "泼尼松短程疗法", "B": "甲泼尼龙冲击疗法", "C": "泼尼松长程疗法", "D": "泼尼松中程疗法"}, "answer": "泼尼松短程疗法", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,18岁,务农,于8月5日以发冷、发热起病,2天后入院,伴有头痛、肌肉酸痛、乏力、皮肤有出血点。入院1天后突然出现心慌、气短,心率快,咳血痰。X线胸片示双肺广泛片状阴影。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大叶性肺炎", "B": "钩端螺旋体病", "C": "肺结核咯血", "D": "肾综合征出血热"}, "answer": "钩端螺旋体病", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,35岁,被人用铁棒击伤头部,当时昏迷,送医院途中曾与家人谈话,但头痛,呕吐明显。查体:呈昏迷状态,左瞳孔直径0.5cm,右侧0.2cm,右侧肢体无自主运动。2.应立即给予的主要急救药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "20%甘露醇", "B": "氨苯蝶啶", "C": "地塞米松", "D": "双氢氯噻嗪"}, "answer": "20%甘露醇", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,80岁。高血压病史30年,收缩压160mmHg,舒张压70mmHg。患者脉压异常的最可能原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大动脉管壁硬化", "B": "心功能不全", "C": "甲状腺功能亢进", "D": "肾功能不全"}, "answer": "大动脉管壁硬化", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "全胃切除后的病人可能出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖类食物消化吸收障碍", "B": "蛋白质食物消化吸收障碍", "C": "脂肪吸收不良", "D": "维生素B12吸收障碍"}, "answer": "维生素B12吸收障碍", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "葡萄糖进入红细胞属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯扩散", "B": "易化扩散", "C": "入胞作用", "D": "吞噬"}, "answer": "易化扩散", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,60岁。诊断为重症肌无力。治疗过程中出现呼吸困难、多汗、流涎、瞳孔缩小,可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆碱能系统亢进", "B": "肾上腺素能系统抑制", "C": "胆碱能系统抑制", "D": "肾上腺素能系统亢进"}, "answer": "胆碱能系统亢进", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者无心力衰竭的症状和(或)体征,但已出现心脏结构的改变,其心功能分期是(  )。", "options": {"A": "C期", "B": "不能分期", "C": "B期", "D": "D期"}, "answer": "B期", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列由纤维包裹所致的病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺结核瘤", "B": "动脉瘤", "C": "矽肺结节", "D": "纤维瘤"}, "answer": "肺结核瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "引起ITP病人出血的机制中,下列不可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血小板破坏过多", "B": "血小板生成减少", "C": "毛细血管壁通透性增加", "D": "血小板第3因子异常"}, "answer": "血小板第3因子异常", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "化脓性关节炎与关节结核的关节液区别点在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "臭味", "B": "白细胞总数及中性粒细胞所占比例", "C": "积液量的多少", "D": "红细胞量的多少"}, "answer": "白细胞总数及中性粒细胞所占比例", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不符合急性心包炎的心电图变化的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "弓背向下型ST段抬高", "B": "T波平坦或倒置", "C": "电交替", "D": "弓背向上型ST段抬高"}, "answer": "弓背向上型ST段抬高", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,35岁。近2个月来食欲增加,出汗增加,怕热,体重下降并易激惹,活动增加,独处时偶尔听到有人议论她,或觉得一些行人对她吐痰等。实验室检查:血T3、T4增加,空腹血糖5.5mmol/L。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖尿病所致精神障碍", "B": "躁狂发作", "C": "神经性贪食症", "D": "甲状腺功能亢进症所致精神障碍"}, "answer": "甲状腺功能亢进症所致精神障碍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "乳腺囊性增生病突出的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳房胀痛和肿块", "B": "乳房的周期性肿块", "C": "乳房的无周期性肿块", "D": "乳房的痛性肿块"}, "answer": "乳房胀痛和肿块", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列病毒性疾病中,血白细胞总数及中性粒细胞比例升高的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒性肝炎", "B": "麻疹", "C": "艾滋病", "D": "流行性乙型脑炎"}, "answer": "流行性乙型脑炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.瞳孔对光反射中枢位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓", "B": "延髓", "C": "脑桥", "D": "中脑"}, "answer": "中脑", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,56岁,患高血压病、冠心病,死于急性心肌梗死。尸检发现两肾大小不等,右侧肾稍大,表面光滑,切面皮质与髓质分界清楚。左肾明显缩小,表面高低不平,有不规则的凹陷性瘢痕,切面皮质与髓质界限不清,有的肾乳头萎缩,肾盂变形,黏膜粗糙。此肾的病变属于何种疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "动脉粥样硬化性固缩肾", "B": "高血压固缩肾", "C": "慢性肾盂肾炎", "D": "左肾先天发育不全"}, "answer": "慢性肾盂肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.宫颈息肉是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癌前病变", "B": "原位癌", "C": "浸润性癌", "D": "炎症"}, "answer": "炎症", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项为诊断有机磷中毒最重要的指标?(  )", "options": {"A": "确切的接触史", "B": "血胆碱酯酶活性降低", "C": "阿托品试验诊断阳性", "D": "呕吐物和衣服有大蒜味"}, "answer": "血胆碱酯酶活性降低", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男孩,1岁。发热伴咳嗽3天,食欲差,偶有呕吐,嗜睡,抽搐2次,双肺可闻及中细湿啰音,心率110次/分,呼吸56次/分,肝肋下1cm,白细胞4×109/L。3.病程中出现烦躁不安,脑脊液压力增高,可能并发(  )。", "options": {"A": "中毒性脑病", "B": "脓胸", "C": "心衰", "D": "DIC"}, "answer": "中毒性脑病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "维拉帕米对哪一种心律失常最有效?(  )", "options": {"A": "房室传导阻滞", "B": "室性期前收缩", "C": "阵发性室上性心动过速", "D": "强心苷过量的心律失常"}, "answer": "阵发性室上性心动过速", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪项不是脑器质性精神障碍?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑病的病史", "B": "神经系统阳性体征", "C": "精神症状", "D": "明确的躯体疾病"}, "answer": "明确的躯体疾病", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男孩,3岁,偏食,不吃鱼肉类制品,近1个月来,家长发现其脸色渐苍白,自诉全身无力。查体:心尖部可闻及4级收缩期杂音,肝于右肋下可触及3.0cm,脾于肋下可触及边缘。Hb 50g/L,RBC 2.95×1012/L,MCV 74fl,MCH 26pg,MCHC 30%,考虑为缺铁性贫血。1.铁剂治疗的剂量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "元素铁1~1.5mg/kg,每日2或3次", "B": "元素铁1~2mg/kg,每日2或3次", "C": "元素铁1.5~4mg/kg,每日3或4次", "D": "元素铁2~4mg/kg,每日3或4次"}, "answer": "元素铁1~2mg/kg,每日2或3次", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,10岁,突发右大腿下端剧痛伴高热达40℃三天,有毒血症表现,白细胞计数18×109/L,中性90%,怀疑为急性化脓性骨髓炎。1.体格检查有力的证据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右股骨下端皮温升高", "B": "右股骨下端(干骺端)深压痛", "C": "局部血管充盈怒张", "D": "右膝关节伸屈受限"}, "answer": "右股骨下端(干骺端)深压痛", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列符合中度高渗性脱水的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "失水量占体重的5%,血清钠135mmol/L", "B": "失水量占体重的6%,血清钠155mmol/L", "C": "失水量占体重的7%,血清钠128mmol/L", "D": "失水量占体重的8%,血清钠148mmol/L"}, "answer": "失水量占体重的6%,血清钠155mmol/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不属于萎缩的器官是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压病的肾脏", "B": "肾结核的肾脏", "C": "肾盂积水的肾脏", "D": "动脉粥样硬化症的肾脏"}, "answer": "肾结核的肾脏", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病冬春季多见的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤接触日光中紫外线较少", "B": "婴儿生长快,钙磷需要量大", "C": "婴儿食物中钙磷含量少", "D": "疾病的影响"}, "answer": "皮肤接触日光中紫外线较少", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,55岁。颈后肿痛5天。疼痛逐渐加重,伴畏寒、发热。既往糖尿病病史10年。查体:T 38.5℃,P 90次/分,R 18次/分,BP 120/80mmHg,颈后红肿,范围约5cm,边界不清,中央多个脓点。双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心律齐。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "痈", "B": "疖", "C": "急性蜂窝织炎", "D": "丹毒"}, "answer": "痈", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,43岁,患甲亢3年,需行甲状腺部分切除术,正确的术前准备为(  )。", "options": {"A": "术前2周给丙硫氧嘧啶+小剂量碘剂", "B": "术前2周给丙硫氧嘧啶+普萘洛尔", "C": "术前2周给丙硫氧嘧啶+大剂量碘剂", "D": "术前2周给卡比马唑"}, "answer": "术前2周给丙硫氧嘧啶+大剂量碘剂", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于长期慢性病人,宜采取的医患模式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "被动-主动型", "B": "指导-合作型", "C": "共同参与型", "D": "合作-指导型"}, "answer": "共同参与型", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.痉挛性截瘫的典型步态是(  )。", "options": {"A": "划圈样步态", "B": "慌张步态", "C": "剪刀样步态", "D": "醉汉步态"}, "answer": "剪刀样步态", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.广谱抗癫痫药(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯妥英钠", "B": "丙戊酸钠", "C": "苯巴比妥", "D": "乙琥胺"}, "answer": "丙戊酸钠", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "诊断恶性肿瘤的主要依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肿瘤局部疼痛", "B": "瘤细胞出现明显异型性", "C": "所属淋巴结肿大", "D": "机体明显消瘦"}, "answer": "瘤细胞出现明显异型性", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "RNA聚合酶Ⅱ(TFⅡ)中哪项能与TATA盒直接结合?(  )", "options": {"A": "TFⅡF", "B": "TFⅡD", "C": "TFⅡE", "D": "TFⅡA"}, "answer": "TFⅡD", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肺炎支原体肺炎最常见的胸部X线表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "早期为下叶间质性改变,肺实变后为边缘模糊的斑片状阴影", "B": "肺叶和小叶实变,叶间隙呈弧形下坠,多发性蜂窝状脓肿形成", "C": "呈叶、段分布的炎性实变阴影,在实变阴影中可见支气管气道征", "D": "病变多在肺上部,呈大片浓密阴影,密度不均,历久不消散,可形成空洞"}, "answer": "早期为下叶间质性改变,肺实变后为边缘模糊的斑片状阴影", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,34岁。2个月来无痛性颈淋巴结肿大,间断发热3个月,体检:脾肋下4cm。1.此患者最常见的首发症状为(  )。", "options": {"A": "无痛性颈部及锁骨上淋巴结肿大", "B": "局部或全身皮肤瘙痒", "C": "脾肿大", "D": "贫血"}, "answer": "无痛性颈部及锁骨上淋巴结肿大", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.具有侵袭力的菌株进入肠黏膜固有层并在其中繁殖,引起炎症与溃疡(  )。", "options": {"A": "痢疾杆菌", "B": "伤寒杆菌", "C": "霍乱弧菌", "D": "大肠杆菌"}, "answer": "痢疾杆菌", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.幼年期生长激素过少,会导致(  )。", "options": {"A": "巨人症", "B": "侏儒症", "C": "黏液性水肿", "D": "肢端肥大症"}, "answer": "侏儒症", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "乳牙开始萌出的月龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "4~10个月", "B": "10~12个月", "C": "12~15个月", "D": "15~18个月"}, "answer": "4~10个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪一项是恶性肿瘤细胞的最主要形态特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "多核或异形核", "B": "核大", "C": "核浓染", "D": "病理性核分裂象"}, "answer": "病理性核分裂象", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,70岁。发现主动脉瓣狭窄15年,快走时心前区憋闷4年。心电图示左心室肥厚。该患者治疗宜首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动脉瓣瓣膜置换术", "B": "心脏移植", "C": "冠状动脉搭桥术", "D": "血管置换"}, "answer": "主动脉瓣瓣膜置换术", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "观察PPD试验结果的时间为(  )。", "options": {"A": "12~24小时", "B": "24~48小时", "C": "48~72小时", "D": "72小时后"}, "answer": "48~72小时", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "良性高血压晚期会引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性固缩肾", "B": "继发性固缩肾", "C": "肾凹陷性瘢痕", "D": "肾盂积水"}, "answer": "原发性固缩肾", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "互相尊重、密切合作、互相学习是(  )。", "options": {"A": "处理医际关系的原则", "B": "处理医师与医师关系的原则", "C": "处理医师与护士关系的原则", "D": "处理医师与医技人员关系的原则"}, "answer": "处理医际关系的原则", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.持续腹痛血便,肠鸣音消失,有腹膜刺激征的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻痹性肠梗阻", "B": "低位肠梗阻", "C": "绞窄性肠梗阻", "D": "高位肠梗阻"}, "answer": "绞窄性肠梗阻", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,27岁,皮肤反复出紫癜半年来诊。体检:巩膜无黄染,胸骨无压痛,肝脾未触及,血红蛋白100g/L,白细胞3.8×109/L,分类淋巴细胞占60%,中性粒细胞40%,血小板40×109/L,骨髓象增生活跃,粒系占28%,红系占10%,淋巴系占52%,成熟浆细胞7%,组织嗜碱细胞3%,巨核细胞2个,无病态造血,Ham试验(-),网织红细胞0.8%。3.患者在治疗过程中应尽量避免的药物为(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖皮质激素", "B": "雄性激素", "C": "免疫抑制剂", "D": "磺胺"}, "answer": "磺胺", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,3l岁,无诱因下腰痛5年,右下肢放射痛6个月,卧床好转后再发3个月,放射痛自腰部沿右臀部、右大腿后侧、小腿外侧至趾背侧。体检痛觉减退区位于右小腿外侧,趾背侧。1.如果趾背伸肌力为Ⅲ级,下述反射检查的描述哪项正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "提睾反射消失", "B": "肛门反射消失", "C": "跟腱反射减退或消失", "D": "膝反射、跟腱反射正常"}, "answer": "膝反射、跟腱反射正常", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,35岁。2个月来每天饭前上腹痛,进食缓解,反酸。钡餐检查:十二指肠球部变性,局部压痛。考虑的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃溃疡", "B": "十二指肠溃疡", "C": "十二指肠球后溃疡", "D": "巨大溃疡"}, "answer": "十二指肠溃疡", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不属于白色血栓的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉内延续性血栓的头部", "B": "风湿性心内膜炎的疣状赘生物", "C": "心房纤颤时心耳内形成的球状血栓", "D": "赘疣性血栓性心内膜炎的疣状赘生物"}, "answer": "心房纤颤时心耳内形成的球状血栓", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "乳癌中恶性程度最高的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "浸润性导管癌", "B": "浸润性小叶癌", "C": "湿疹样癌", "D": "炎性乳癌"}, "answer": "炎性乳癌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.婴儿正常心率范围是(  )。", "options": {"A": "120~140次/分", "B": "110~130次/分", "C": "80~100次/分", "D": "70~90次/分"}, "answer": "110~130次/分", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,6岁,自幼啼哭时唇面青紫,会行走后喜蹲踞。轻度杵状指(趾),血压90/40mmHg,胸骨左缘第2、3肋间可闻及Ⅲ级收缩期杂音伴收缩期震颤,肺动脉第二音单一感。胸片示心脏外形呈靴状,心腰凹陷,心尖上翘,肺纹理稀少。最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "室间隔缺损伴肺动脉高压", "B": "动脉导管未闭伴肺动脉高压", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "单纯性肺动脉狭窄"}, "answer": "法洛四联症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项不是引起呼吸困难的原因?(  )", "options": {"A": "气管异物", "B": "肺炎", "C": "急性贫血", "D": "大量腹水"}, "answer": "急性贫血", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哪项是胎儿宫内窒息的早期表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "胎动减少", "B": "胎心增快", "C": "胎心减慢", "D": "羊水减少"}, "answer": "胎心增快", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列病毒的基因组可直接作为mRNA的一组病毒是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓灰质炎病毒、柯萨奇病毒、流感病毒", "B": "脊髓灰质炎病毒、甲型肝炎病毒、埃柯(ECHO)病毒", "C": "脊髓灰质炎病毒、乙型肝炎病毒、轮状病毒", "D": "脊髓灰质炎病毒、麻疹病毒、甲型肝炎病毒"}, "answer": "脊髓灰质炎病毒、甲型肝炎病毒、埃柯(ECHO)病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.菌血症(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌入血,全身无中毒症状", "B": "细菌毒素入血,临床出现全身中毒症状", "C": "细菌入血,并产生大量毒素,有全身中毒症状和病理变化", "D": "感染后出现血压下降、面色苍白、尿少等休克症状"}, "answer": "细菌入血,全身无中毒症状", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.颈胸手术后一般采用(  )。", "options": {"A": "去枕平卧", "B": "去枕侧卧", "C": "15°~30°斜坡卧位", "D": "高半坐卧位"}, "answer": "高半坐卧位", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "目前2型糖尿病的主要死亡原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "感染", "B": "高渗性非酮症糖尿病昏迷", "C": "心脑血管病变", "D": "糖尿病肾病"}, "answer": "心脑血管病变", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "动作电位的“全或无”特性是指同一细胞动作电位幅度(  )。", "options": {"A": "不受细胞外Na+浓度的影响", "B": "不受细胞外K+浓度的影响", "C": "与刺激强度和传导距离无关", "D": "与局部电位无关"}, "answer": "与刺激强度和传导距离无关", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,55岁,高血压20年,不规则服药。某日晨突发头痛,意识不清,30分钟后送到医院。查体:昏迷,血压210/120mmHg,双眼向右侧凝视,左足外旋位。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑血栓形成", "B": "脑出血", "C": "晕厥", "D": "心肌梗死"}, "answer": "脑出血", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.抑制剂能较牢固地与酶活性中心有关必需基团结合(  )。", "options": {"A": "竞争性抑制作用", "B": "非竞争性抑制作用", "C": "特异性不可逆抑制作用", "D": "非特异性不可逆抑制作用"}, "answer": "特异性不可逆抑制作用", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是膜性肾炎早期常见的临床表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "肾病综合征", "B": "管型尿", "C": "高血压", "D": "血尿"}, "answer": "肾病综合征", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女孩,1岁。腹泻4天。每日大便10余次,为蛋花汤水样便,伴呕吐、尿少。查体:T 38.5℃,前囟、眼窝凹陷,皮肤弹性差,四肢稍凉。实验室检查:血WBC 6.0×109/L,血Na+ 127mmol/L, K+ 3.7mmol/L,BE -15mmol/L。3.补液过程中,患儿突然惊厥,此时首选的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头颅MRI", "B": "血电解质", "C": "头颅CT", "D": "脑脊液"}, "answer": "血电解质", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,50岁。近5年来逐渐出现活动后心悸、气短。查体:心尖部可闻及舒张期隆隆样杂音。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "二尖瓣狭窄", "B": "主动脉瓣狭窄", "C": "二尖瓣关闭不全", "D": "心肌梗死"}, "answer": "二尖瓣狭窄", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是交感和副交感神经节前纤维释放的递质?(  )", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素", "B": "乙酰胆碱", "C": "乙酰胆碱和去甲肾上腺素", "D": "肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素"}, "answer": "乙酰胆碱", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者15岁,3年前开始发作性意识丧失,全身抽动,持续4~5分钟恢复,发作时面色青紫,有时伴尿失禁、舌咬伤,常在夜间睡眠中发作;体检及各项检查均正常。患者叔父有相同病史,诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癔病", "B": "特发性失神发作", "C": "特发性全面强直-阵挛发作", "D": "症状性全面强直-阵挛发作"}, "answer": "特发性全面强直-阵挛发作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.金黄色葡萄球菌产生(  )。", "options": {"A": "痉挛毒素", "B": "表皮剥脱毒素", "C": "毒素休克综合征毒素", "D": "肉毒毒素"}, "answer": "表皮剥脱毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "电子传递的递氢体有5种类型,它们按一定顺序进行电子传递,正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "辅酶→泛醌→黄素蛋白→铁硫蛋白→细胞色素", "B": "黄素蛋白→辅酶I→铁硫蛋白→泛醌→细胞色素素", "C": "辅酶I→泛醌→铁硫蛋白→黄素蛋白→细胞色素", "D": "铁硫蛋白→黄素蛋白→辅酶I→泛醌→细胞色素"}, "answer": "黄素蛋白→辅酶I→铁硫蛋白→泛醌→细胞色素素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性病防治的基本原则不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "高危人群为主", "B": "三级预防并重", "C": "以社区和家庭为基础", "D": "生命全程预防"}, "answer": "高危人群为主", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不属于肝硬化腹水形成原因的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "门静脉压力增高", "B": "醛固酮激素灭活减少", "C": "抗利尿激素灭活减少", "D": "雌激素灭活减少"}, "answer": "雌激素灭活减少", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某战士参加野营拉练归来途中自觉右小腿疼痛,经休息治疗2周后无好转,拍X线片检查发现右腓骨下段横行骨折线,无移位,其骨折的主要成因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直接暴力", "B": "积累性劳损", "C": "间接暴力", "D": "骨髓炎"}, "answer": "积累性劳损", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.蜂窝组织炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮色正常、皮温略高,表面静脉怒张", "B": "疼痛与压痛在长骨干骺端,压痛局限深在,红肿不明显", "C": "疼痛与压痛表浅", "D": "疼痛与压痛在长骨骨干"}, "answer": "疼痛与压痛表浅", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.肾病综合征肾炎型尿红细胞应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿红细胞>3个/HP", "B": "尿红细胞>10个/HP", "C": "尿蛋白>0.05g/(kg·d)", "D": "尿蛋白>0.5g/(kg·d)"}, "answer": "尿红细胞>10个/HP", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列不能作为判断幽门螺杆菌根除的检验方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "组织学检查找幽门螺杆菌", "B": "活组织幽门螺杆菌培养", "C": "快速尿素酶试验", "D": "血清抗幽门螺杆菌抗体检测"}, "answer": "血清抗幽门螺杆菌抗体检测", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列不属于临床预防服务内容的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性病的自我管理", "B": "健康筛检", "C": "化学预防", "D": "免疫接种"}, "answer": "慢性病的自我管理", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,10岁,发热10天,体温38~39℃,刺激性咳嗽明显,胸痛。查体:双肺散在干鸣音;胸片:左肺下野淡薄片状阴影。1.最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺病毒肺炎", "B": "呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎", "C": "肺炎支原体肺炎", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎"}, "answer": "肺炎支原体肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对鉴别是否为肾小球源性血尿最有意义的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "合并尿道刺激症", "B": "尿潜血阳性", "C": "肉眼血尿", "D": "变形红细胞血尿"}, "answer": "变形红细胞血尿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,45岁。晚餐进食较多,餐后突然上腹刀割样疼痛迅速波及全腹,不敢直立行走,3小时后急诊求治。查体:痛苦面容,膜式呼吸消失,腹膜刺激征(+),肝浊音界消失,肠鸣音消失。该患者最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阑尾炎穿孔", "B": "急性肠梗阻穿孔", "C": "胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔", "D": "胃癌"}, "answer": "胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是引起婴儿腹泻的主要病原菌?(  )", "options": {"A": "肠炎杆菌", "B": "志贺痢疾杆菌", "C": "肠致病性大肠杆菌", "D": "肠侵袭性大肠杆菌"}, "answer": "肠致病性大肠杆菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "引起肺淤血的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左心功能不全", "B": "右心衰", "C": "肺不张", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "左心功能不全", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于鸟氨酸循环的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鸟氨酸循环从鸟氨酸与氨结合生成瓜氨酸开始", "B": "每次经历1次鸟氨酸循环消耗1分子氨", "C": "每经历1次鸟氨酸循环消耗2分子ATP", "D": "鸟氨酸循环主要在肝内进行"}, "answer": "鸟氨酸循环主要在肝内进行", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.支气管扩张好发于(  )。", "options": {"A": "上叶后段或下叶背段", "B": "上叶尖后段和下叶背段", "C": "左下叶和舌叶支气管", "D": "中叶"}, "answer": "左下叶和舌叶支气管", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,75岁。7天前因胆囊多发小结石行腹腔镜胆囊切除术,近2日来发现巩膜黄染。1.患者出现黄疸最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "术中胆总管损伤", "B": "胆管水肿狭窄", "C": "胆囊内结石手术时落入胆总管", "D": "甲型肝炎"}, "answer": "胆囊内结石手术时落入胆总管", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哪组液体不是等张液(  )。", "options": {"A": "0.9%氯化钠20ml,1.4%碳酸氢钠10ml", "B": "5%碳酸氢钠10ml,10%葡萄糖50ml", "C": "0.9%氯化钠20ml,10%葡萄糖100ml,11.2%乳酸钠20ml", "D": "5%碳酸氢钠10ml,10%葡萄糖75ml,11.2%乳酸钠10ml"}, "answer": "5%碳酸氢钠10ml,10%葡萄糖50ml", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "支原体与L型细菌的最主要共同特性是(  )。", "options": {"A": "缺乏细胞壁", "B": "可通过细菌滤器", "C": "具有DNA和RNA两种核酸", "D": "呈多形性生长"}, "answer": "缺乏细胞壁", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于交感神经对心脏作用的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使冠脉血流量增加", "B": "使心率加快", "C": "对心脏有紧张性作用", "D": "使心肌长度-张力曲线右移"}, "answer": "使心肌长度-张力曲线右移", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "初孕妇,26岁。妊娠38周,自觉胎动减少10小时入院。3.5小时后,产程发动,听诊胎心率100次/分,此时最恰当的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "加压给氧", "B": "产钳助产", "C": "继续观察", "D": "剖宫产"}, "answer": "剖宫产", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,69岁。刺激性咳嗽1个月,发现痰中带血丝1周。胸片X线片示右肺上叶周围型结节影,大小约2.5cm,边界不清,有短毛刺。既往体健,无肺部疾病病史,吸烟20年,10~20支/d。2.该患者首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部CT", "B": "支气管镜", "C": "胸腔镜", "D": "胸腔MRI"}, "answer": "支气管镜", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "与急性同种异形基因移植物排斥关系最密切的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "NK细胞", "B": "CD8+T细胞", "C": "肥大细胞", "D": "嗜酸性粒细胞"}, "answer": "CD8+T细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项不是提高病人依从性的方法?(  )", "options": {"A": "及时纠正病人的不良行为", "B": "纠正病人对检查和治疗措施的错误认识", "C": "提高病人对医嘱的理解和记忆程度", "D": "教会病人自我监测"}, "answer": "及时纠正病人的不良行为", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "DNA合成时,前导链为连续合成,随从链为不连续合成,生命科学家习惯称这种复制方式为(  )。", "options": {"A": "全不连续复制", "B": "全连续复制", "C": "半不连续复制", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "半不连续复制", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心力衰竭细胞最常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "冠心病", "B": "右心衰竭", "C": "慢性肺淤血", "D": "肺褐色硬化"}, "answer": "慢性肺淤血", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,36岁。饮酒后中上腹持续性疼痛9小时,呕吐2次来院急诊。既往体健。体检:体温37.8℃,上腹偏左压痛,伴轻度肌紧张。4.出现下列哪项提示患者预后不良?(  )", "options": {"A": "血糖升高", "B": "血糖降低", "C": "血钙降低", "D": "血磷降低"}, "answer": "血钙降低", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "火器伤清创术中下列错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "用1%的双氧水清洗伤口", "B": "切除失去生机的肌肉", "C": "肌腱必须一期缝合", "D": "扩大切口"}, "answer": "肌腱必须一期缝合", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于二尖瓣狭窄所致大咯血机制的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺动脉压持续增高导致肺小动脉破裂", "B": "肺静脉压力持续增高导致支气管静脉破裂", "C": "肺泡毛细血管压力增高导致血管破裂", "D": "肺动脉压持续增高导致肺大动脉破裂"}, "answer": "肺静脉压力持续增高导致支气管静脉破裂", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,62岁,车祸后右股部肿痛4小时来院。查体:神志淡漠,面色苍白,T 37.4℃,P 130次/分,血压70/40mmHg,右股部明显肿胀,淤血,按压有异常活动。1.考虑该患者为(  )。", "options": {"A": "右股骨急性骨髓炎", "B": "右股部软组织损伤", "C": "右股骨干骨折", "D": "右股骨干骨折伴失血性休克"}, "answer": "右股骨干骨折伴失血性休克", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪一种过程与K+的跨膜扩散无关?(  )", "options": {"A": "快反应细胞动作电位的1期复极", "B": "慢反应细胞动作电位的0期去极", "C": "快反应细胞的静息电位", "D": "快反应细胞动作电位的3期复极"}, "answer": "慢反应细胞动作电位的0期去极", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎典型临床表现“Reynolds五联征”不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经系统症状", "B": "休克", "C": "黄疸", "D": "呕吐"}, "answer": "呕吐", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女孩,8岁。发热伴头痛及肌肉酸痛4天。查体:咽充血,扁桃体Ⅰ度肿大。同学中有熟人发病,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性扁桃体炎", "B": "疱疹性咽峡炎", "C": "流行性感冒", "D": "川崎病"}, "answer": "流行性感冒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.硬结直径5~9mm(  )。", "options": {"A": "PPD试验(+)", "B": "PPD试验(++)", "C": "PPD试验(+++)", "D": "PPD试验(-)"}, "answer": "PPD试验(+)", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.人体实验中的知情同意原则(  )。", "options": {"A": "欺骗、威胁、利诱进行人体实验违反道德和法律", "B": "负担和受益要公平分配", "C": "研究者与受试者之间应保密", "D": "需获得伦理专家委员会的批准"}, "answer": "欺骗、威胁、利诱进行人体实验违反道德和法律", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "慢性支气管炎患者发生阻碍性通气功能障碍的病变基础是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管平滑肌萎缩", "B": "支气管软骨萎缩、纤维化", "C": "支气管腺体增生、肥大", "D": "细支气管炎及细支气管周围炎"}, "answer": "细支气管炎及细支气管周围炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "预防术后感染的最重要的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "提高机体抵抗力", "B": "避免休克", "C": "大量使用抗生素", "D": "严格遵守无菌操作原则"}, "answer": "严格遵守无菌操作原则", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,36岁。高血压3年,下肢乏力,血钾2.9mmol/L,则(  )。", "options": {"A": "血醛固酮低,肾素活性高,皮质醇高", "B": "血醛固酮低,肾素活性高,皮质醇低", "C": "血醛固酮低,肾素活性低,皮质醇正常", "D": "血醛固酮低,肾素活性高,皮质醇正常"}, "answer": "血醛固酮低,肾素活性高,皮质醇正常", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.肝胃韧带和胃前方即为(  )。", "options": {"A": "左肝上前间隙", "B": "左肝下后间隙", "C": "右肝下后间隙", "D": "右肝上间隙"}, "answer": "左肝下后间隙", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "临产后正常宫缩起自(  )。", "options": {"A": "两侧宫角部", "B": "两倒子宫侧壁", "C": "子宫下段", "D": "宫底部"}, "answer": "两侧宫角部", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.尿激酶、链激酶(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗凝治疗", "B": "溶栓治疗", "C": "血液稀释疗法", "D": "脑代谢活化剂"}, "answer": "溶栓治疗", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不直接通过体温调节中枢,仅需内源性致热源发挥作用的致热源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肿瘤坏死因子", "B": "嗜酸性粒细胞", "C": "病原微生物", "D": "白介素-1"}, "answer": "病原微生物", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.防止疟疾复发选用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙胺嘧啶", "B": "奎宁", "C": "哌喹", "D": "伯氨喹"}, "answer": "伯氨喹", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂最常见的不良反应是(  )", "options": {"A": "腹胀和腹泻", "B": "肝功能异常", "C": "严重低血糖", "D": "过敏和水肿"}, "answer": "腹胀和腹泻", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医德修养要坚持(  )。", "options": {"A": "集体性", "B": "组织性", "C": "实践性", "D": "机动性"}, "answer": "实践性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "腹股沟疝处理原则正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "如果伴有引起腹内压增高的疾病,必须处理后再择期手术", "B": "无张力疝修补术强调必须高位结扎疝囊", "C": "加强腹股沟管前壁是最常用的方法", "D": "嵌顿时间在6小时内的疝应首先试行手法复位"}, "answer": "如果伴有引起腹内压增高的疾病,必须处理后再择期手术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列不属于雌激素的生理作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使子宫内膜发生增生期变化", "B": "可协调FSH促进卵泡发育", "C": "是导致排卵的直接原因", "D": "促使子宫肌细胞增生和肥大"}, "answer": "是导致排卵的直接原因", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是医德修养的根本途径?(  )", "options": {"A": "向医德高尚的医务人员学习", "B": "创造一个良好的医德修养氛围", "C": "不断地学习医德理论知识", "D": "坚持在医疗卫生保健实践中修养"}, "answer": "坚持在医疗卫生保健实践中修养", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1岁6个月男孩,因间断咳嗽1周就诊,每日呕吐1~2次胃内容物。患儿是第一胎足月顺产儿,生后母乳喂养至今,未添加辅食。平时易患“肺炎、肠炎”。查体:精神萎靡,营养差,体重5.9kg,身长75cm,前囟已闭,心肺(-),皮肤弹性差,皮下脂肪消失,四肢肌张力低下,活动尚可,神志尚清。1.此患儿可诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "营养不良Ⅱ度", "B": "营养不良Ⅲ度", "C": "营养不良Ⅱ度伴重度脱水", "D": "营养不良I度伴重度脱水"}, "answer": "营养不良Ⅲ度", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,18岁,发热、鼻出血、皮肤紫癜2周。舌尖可见血疱,双下肢可见瘀斑,浅表淋巴结及肝脾未及,胸骨压痛阴性。血红蛋白52g/L,白细胞2.0×109/L,中性粒细胞0.24,淋巴细胞0.75,嗜碱粒细胞0.1,血小板22×109/L,网织红细胞0.1。胸部X线片示右下肺炎。4.对于该患者的预后,哪一项叙述是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "不积极治疗多于6~12个月内死亡", "B": "骨髓有病态造血者部分可转变为白血病", "C": "一般治疗即可缓解症状", "D": "预后较好,生存期长"}, "answer": "不积极治疗多于6~12个月内死亡", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,72岁。排便时突然跌倒,意识丧失,呼吸断续,有陈旧心肌梗死和糖尿病病史,无高血压病史,诊断为心搏骤停。1.该患者既往超声心动图检查未发现异常,其心搏骤停最可能的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "冠心病", "B": "预激综合征", "C": "梗阻性肥厚型心肌病", "D": "主动脉夹层"}, "answer": "冠心病", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "70岁老年男性病人,左侧腹股沟突出半球形包块,不降入阴囊,咳嗽冲击试验阴性,易还纳,应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "鞘膜积液", "B": "隐睾", "C": "股疝", "D": "直疝"}, "answer": "直疝", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列细菌中最有可能引起人龋齿和牙周炎的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "放线菌", "B": "白喉棒状杆菌", "C": "乙型溶血性链球菌", "D": "幽门螺杆菌"}, "answer": "放线菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "诊断肺栓塞的“金标准”是(  )。", "options": {"A": "超声心动图", "B": "CT", "C": "肺通气/灌注(V/Q)显像", "D": "肺血管造影"}, "answer": "肺血管造影", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "67岁,女性,双膝关节痛、畸形5年,现只能忍痛行走100m。检查:O形腿,膝关节活动范围30°~60°,X线平片示双膝内侧关节间隙消失,股胫角190°。治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "卧床休息,保护患肢", "B": "关节内注射局麻药及类固醇激素", "C": "关节镜下膝关节清理", "D": "人工全膝关节置换"}, "answer": "人工全膝关节置换", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列情形中,可以参加执业医师资格考试的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "有中等专业学校医学专业学历,在医疗机构中试用期满5年", "B": "有中等专业学校医学专业学历,在医疗机构中工作满3年", "C": "取得执业助理医师执业证书后,具有中等专业学校医学专业学历,在医疗机构中工作满3年", "D": "取得执业助理医师执业证书后,具有中等专业学校医学专业学历,在医疗机构中工作满5年的"}, "answer": "取得执业助理医师执业证书后,具有中等专业学校医学专业学历,在医疗机构中工作满5年的", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,31岁,行走不慎跌入下水井缘骑跨伤后6小时,会阴区疼痛剧烈,不能坐和行走。伤后未排尿,解不出小便不能查尿常规,检查:骨盆挤压、分离试验(+)1.最可能出现骨折或脱位的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骶骨", "B": "尾骨", "C": "耻骨及耻骨联合", "D": "骶髂关节"}, "answer": "耻骨及耻骨联合", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "骨折急救处理中,以下选项不恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "复位已戳出创口的骨折端", "B": "创口包扎,止血", "C": "妥善固定患肢", "D": "迅速送往医院"}, "answer": "复位已戳出创口的骨折端", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肺表面活性物质减少将导致(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺难以扩张", "B": "肺顺应性增大", "C": "肺泡内液体表面张力降低", "D": "小肺泡内压小于大肺泡内压"}, "answer": "肺难以扩张", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "5天女孩,家中出生,母乳喂养,2天来皮肤黄染,拒奶,嗜睡,体温不升。查体:面色灰暗,四肢稍凉,脐轮红,可见脓性分泌物,肝脏肋下3cm,脾肋下2cm。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿脐炎,生理性黄疸", "B": "新生儿脐炎,母乳性黄疸", "C": "新生儿脐炎,新生儿败血症", "D": "新生儿脐炎,新生儿溶血病"}, "answer": "新生儿脐炎,新生儿败血症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4岁男孩,自1岁起出现青紫,逐渐加重,哭闹时明显,有昏厥、抽搐史,喜蹲踞。体检:胸骨左缘第3肋间有2/6级收缩期喷射性杂音,P2减弱,有杵状指。2.出现昏厥、抽搐的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺动脉梗阻,缺氧发作", "B": "脑血栓", "C": "心力衰竭", "D": "中毒性脑病"}, "answer": "肺动脉梗阻,缺氧发作", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "门静脉高压症最危险的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "顽固性腹水", "B": "血小板减少", "C": "肝性脑病", "D": "食管、胃底曲张静脉破裂大出血"}, "answer": "食管、胃底曲张静脉破裂大出血", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列属于阿尔茨海默病(AD)中度表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "容易遗忘新近发生的事情,可有焦虑情绪", "B": "学习困难,思维迟缓,生活能自理", "C": "忘记家人的名字,时常迷路,可出现错构、虚构", "D": "不知道自己的姓名,不认识亲人,出现神经系统受损症状"}, "answer": "忘记家人的名字,时常迷路,可出现错构、虚构", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肝硬化门静脉高压症最具诊断价值的表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脾大,肝功能亢进", "B": "腹壁静脉曲张", "C": "食管下段、胃底静脉曲张", "D": "便血"}, "answer": "食管下段、胃底静脉曲张", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肩部外伤致锁骨骨折患者,检查时发现肩外展、伸肘,屈肘功能及腕、手的功能完全丧失,并有感觉障碍,此患者应选择的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "早期手术切开复位,内固定,同时探查臂丛神经", "B": "手法复位,横8字绷带固定", "C": "手法复位,石膏外固定", "D": "手法复位,夹板固定"}, "answer": "早期手术切开复位,内固定,同时探查臂丛神经", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿5个月,烦躁不安,多汗,后枕部脱发,有“乒乓头”,诊断及治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "佝偻病激期,维生素D 500~1000IU/d", "B": "佝偻病恢复期,维生素D 400~800IU/d", "C": "佝偻病初期,维生素D 1万~2万IU/d", "D": "佝偻病激期,维生素D 1万~2万IU/d"}, "answer": "佝偻病激期,维生素D 1万~2万IU/d", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列因素能使心排血量增加的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心迷走中枢紧张性增高", "B": "心交感中枢紧张性增高", "C": "静脉回心血量减少", "D": "心室舒张末期容积减小"}, "answer": "心交感中枢紧张性增高", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.病原菌在局部繁殖、毒素入血称(  )。", "options": {"A": "毒血症", "B": "内毒素血症", "C": "脓毒血症", "D": "菌血症"}, "answer": "毒血症", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "能使胰蛋白酶原转变为胰蛋白酶最重要的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃酸", "B": "胰蛋白酶", "C": "糜蛋白酶", "D": "肠激酶"}, "answer": "肠激酶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在一般情况下,影响舒张压最主要的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "每搏输出量", "B": "大动脉弹性", "C": "外周阻力", "D": "循环血量"}, "answer": "外周阻力", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有机磷中毒出现毒蕈碱样症状的主要机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺体分泌减退、平滑肌痉挛", "B": "腺体分泌亢进、平滑肌痉挛", "C": "腺体分泌亢进、平滑肌松弛", "D": "运动神经兴奋、平滑肌痉挛"}, "answer": "腺体分泌亢进、平滑肌痉挛", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "使用明尼苏达多项人格调查表(MMPI)测查某人的人格特征,并计算各人格因子得分,这是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心理测验", "B": "心理测量", "C": "心理诊断", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "心理测量", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "足月男孩,顺产,出生体重3.2kg,生后20小时开始出现黄疸,微量胆红素测定为221μmol/L。1.为明确诊断,首选的检查指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血培养", "B": "抗人球蛋白试验", "C": "G-6-PD测定", "D": "腹部B超"}, "answer": "抗人球蛋白试验", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胰腺损伤如果处理不当,最可能的远期并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆总管狭窄", "B": "胰腺真性囊肿", "C": "胰腺假性囊肿", "D": "横结肠梗阻"}, "answer": "胰腺假性囊肿", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "除了关节肿之外,对类风湿关节炎的诊断最有意义的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肘膝部肌腱附着端痛与足跟、脚掌痛", "B": "关节隆起与受压部位有无痛性皮下结节", "C": "小腿发现紫红色痛性皮下结节", "D": "弥漫性肺间质改变伴肺内结节"}, "answer": "关节隆起与受压部位有无痛性皮下结节", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于职业病特点的描述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "接触水平与发病呈正相关", "B": "病因明确", "C": "发病可以预防", "D": "容易治愈"}, "answer": "容易治愈", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,25岁,不规则发热5个月,伴四肢关节肿痛,近2个月出现面颊部对称性红斑,有口腔溃疡反复发作。化验:RF(+),尿蛋白(++)。2.有助于确诊的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗ds-DNA抗体", "B": "关节摄片", "C": "滑膜液检查", "D": "免疫系列检查"}, "answer": "抗ds-DNA抗体", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于脑膜炎奈瑟菌的感染,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主要经飞沫传染", "B": "引起败血症", "C": "6个月内婴儿易感染", "D": "主要是内毒素致病"}, "answer": "6个月内婴儿易感染", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.血清中含量最低(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgG", "B": "IgD", "C": "IgE", "D": "IgA"}, "answer": "IgE", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,25岁,既往无精神病史,听闻其母急性心肌梗死去世后,患者不认识家人,反复念叨,不可能,你们骗我。3.半年后随访该病人,家人反映病人性格有改变,患者出现易激怒,注意力不集中,发作性哭泣,入睡困难,反复梦见其母,不敢看其母遗像等现象,该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "创伤后应激障碍", "B": "适应性障碍", "C": "恶劣心境障碍", "D": "慢性反应性精神病"}, "answer": "创伤后应激障碍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,11岁,半天来突发右上腹钻顶样剧烈绞痛,伴恶心、呕吐,间歇期完全缓解,腹软,无局限压痛,最可能诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性胃炎", "B": "急性胆囊炎", "C": "胆道蛔虫病", "D": "急性胰腺炎"}, "answer": "胆道蛔虫病", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,25岁,近半年来时常自言自语,或微笑或愤怒,说听到许多人议论他,有表扬的,也有责骂的。以上症为(  )。", "options": {"A": "听错", "B": "关系妄想", "C": "幻听", "D": "被害妄想"}, "answer": "幻听", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.治疗癫痫失神发作的首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡马西平", "B": "乙琥胺", "C": "左乙拉西坦", "D": "氯硝西泮"}, "answer": "乙琥胺", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "腺病毒肺炎最易出现的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺大疱", "B": "张力性气胸", "C": "心力衰竭", "D": "肺脓肿"}, "answer": "心力衰竭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,46岁,右颈部无痛性淋巴结肿大4个月,伴上腹疼痛,食欲不佳,发热、盗汗、体重减轻。行剖腹探查见胃与胰头及腹膜有粘连,周围有多个肿大的淋巴结,病理检查为非霍奇金淋巴瘤,T细胞来源。临床分期为(  )。", "options": {"A": "ⅡB", "B": "ⅢA", "C": "ⅢB", "D": "ⅣB"}, "answer": "ⅣB", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,80岁,6小时前晨练后突发左下腹痛,恶心未吐,2天来尚未排便,既往无大病。查体:腹胀,左下腹有压痛,未及明显肿块,肠鸣音亢进,直肠指检阴性。2.对该患者的诊断和治疗有价值的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "扩血管药物", "B": "钡灌肠", "C": "胃肠减压", "D": "腹部平片"}, "answer": "钡灌肠", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于恶露的特点,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "白色恶露含少量胎膜", "B": "浆液恶露持续3天", "C": "正常恶露持续4~6周", "D": "血性恶露含有蜕膜和细菌"}, "answer": "正常恶露持续4~6周", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "预防MODS的观点中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "重视诊治急重症时的整体观念", "B": "重视患者循环呼吸", "C": "积极改善全身状态", "D": "及早治疗序贯继发的多个重要器官的功能障碍"}, "answer": "及早治疗序贯继发的多个重要器官的功能障碍", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.溶原性细菌因整合有前噬菌体而获新的性状称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "转导", "B": "溶原性转换", "C": "接合", "D": "原生质体融合"}, "answer": "溶原性转换", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不符合平喘药物的作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "M受体阻断", "B": "稳定肥大细胞膜", "C": "磷酸二酯酶抑制", "D": "直接松弛支气管平滑肌"}, "answer": "直接松弛支气管平滑肌", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "大量出汗时尿量减少,主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血浆胶体渗透压升高,导致肾小球滤过减少", "B": "血浆晶体渗透压升高,引起ADH分泌增多", "C": "交感神经兴奋,引起肾小球滤过减少", "D": "血容量减少,导致肾小球滤过减小"}, "answer": "血浆晶体渗透压升高,引起ADH分泌增多", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.根治间日疟和控制疟疾传播的首选药(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯喹", "B": "青蒿素", "C": "伯氨喹", "D": "奎宁"}, "answer": "伯氨喹", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哪一种物质直接作用于体温调节中枢引起发热?(  )", "options": {"A": "病原体产生的内源性致热原", "B": "血液中自细胞产生的外源性致热原", "C": "血液中白细胞产生的内源性致热原", "D": "血液中自细胞及病原体的代谢产物"}, "answer": "血液中白细胞产生的内源性致热原", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述情形不属于医疗事故,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "手术开错部位造成较大创伤", "B": "由于一种疾病合并发生另一种疾病", "C": "因体质特殊发生难以预料的后果", "D": "诊疗护理中违反了规章制度,尚未给病员造成不良影响和损害"}, "answer": "手术开错部位造成较大创伤", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于麻疹,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹病毒包膜上有H和F棘突,但无N棘突(无神经氨酸酶)", "B": "麻疹是急性传染病,但极少数患儿患病数月至数年后可出现慢发感染,患亚急性硬化性全脑炎", "C": "儿童接种麻疹疫苗后可获得牢固的终身免疫,隔6~7年无需加强免疫", "D": "麻疹自然感染后,可获得终身免疫"}, "answer": "儿童接种麻疹疫苗后可获得牢固的终身免疫,隔6~7年无需加强免疫", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医疗机构应对无正当理由开具抗菌药物超常处方达到一定次数的医师提出警告。应当予以警告的最低次数是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2次", "B": "3次", "C": "4次", "D": "5次"}, "answer": "3次", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "足月新生儿,臀位产,生后1min、5min、10min Apgar评分分别为4、6、8分。生后12h,小儿烦躁,肢体抖动,体检:体温正常,前囟饱满,肌张力增高,双眼凝视,瞳孔等大,心、肺听诊正常,血白细胞数11.0×109/L,N 0.65;血钙2.4mmol/L,血糖2.5mmol/L。4.为止惊应首选的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "地西泮", "B": "水合氯醛", "C": "苯巴比妥钠", "D": "苯妥英钠"}, "answer": "苯巴比妥钠", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿结核性脑膜炎脊髓型的临床特征为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑脊液化验正常", "B": "除脊髓和神经根障碍,尚有脑及脑膜症状", "C": "颅神经不受累", "D": "婴幼儿多见"}, "answer": "除脊髓和神经根障碍,尚有脑及脑膜症状", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.复杂部分性发作的病损在(  )。", "options": {"A": "黑质-纹状体", "B": "颞叶", "C": "枕叶", "D": "小脑"}, "answer": "颞叶", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有完整细胞核的微生物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立克次体", "B": "细菌", "C": "真菌", "D": "衣原体"}, "answer": "真菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.对铜绿假单胞菌及革兰阳性、阴性菌均有很强抗菌作用(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素", "B": "头孢他定", "C": "头孢氨苄", "D": "克拉维酸"}, "answer": "头孢他定", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有机磷中毒时应用阿托品,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "达到阿托品化后减少阿托品的剂量或停用", "B": "与胆碱酯酶复活剂合用时,阿托品的剂量应减少", "C": "重度中毒时应静脉给药", "D": "当出现阿托品中毒时应立即间隔给药"}, "answer": "当出现阿托品中毒时应立即间隔给药", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,48岁。尿少、双下肢水肿半年,低热、消瘦2个月。慢性乙肝病史20年。最重要的实验室检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血γ-谷氨酰转肽酶", "B": "血白蛋白", "C": "血甲胎蛋白", "D": "血丙氨酸氨基转移酶"}, "answer": "血甲胎蛋白", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.肺出血性梗死可见(  )。", "options": {"A": "含铁血黄素", "B": "脂褐素", "C": "胆红素", "D": "血色素"}, "answer": "含铁血黄素", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.生产过程中易发生损伤者多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "足月儿", "B": "低出生体重儿", "C": "过期产儿", "D": "巨大儿"}, "answer": "巨大儿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有内在拟交感活性的β受体阻滞剂是(  )。", "options": {"A": "美托洛尔", "B": "阿替洛尔", "C": "比索洛尔", "D": "吲哚洛尔"}, "answer": "吲哚洛尔", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于有机磷的代谢和排泄正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "经肾排泄", "B": "在体内蓄积,毒性持久", "C": "肝内水样产物比原来毒性强", "D": "经皮肤、呼吸道吸收,不经胃肠道排泄"}, "answer": "经肾排泄", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.男性,70岁,重度肺气肿,胃大部切除术后胸大片示双肺肺炎,pH 7.32(  )。", "options": {"A": "代谢性酸中毒", "B": "呼吸性酸中毒", "C": "代谢性碱中毒", "D": "高钾血症"}, "answer": "呼吸性酸中毒", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "8个月男孩,持续高热,频咳,精神萎靡6天,近2天喘憋加重,今抽搐4次,全身性发作,嗜睡。体检:T 40℃,呼吸60次/分,心率160次/分,两肺少量中细湿啰音,左背下闻管状呼吸音,血白细胞计数4.0×109/L,腰椎穿刺颅压较高,脑脊液常规正常。1.根据临床表现,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎链球菌肺炎", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "C": "支原体肺炎", "D": "腺病毒肺炎"}, "answer": "腺病毒肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "与DNA修复过程缺陷有关的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卟啉病", "B": "痛风", "C": "蚕豆病", "D": "着色性干皮病"}, "answer": "着色性干皮病", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列有关动脉硬化性闭塞症临床特点的描述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病变常位于小动脉", "B": "一般无血栓性浅静脉炎病史", "C": "多合并高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病", "D": "发病年龄多在45岁以上"}, "answer": "病变常位于小动脉", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于乙型脑炎病毒,哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "猪是扩增宿主", "B": "多为隐性感染", "C": "为DNA病毒", "D": "病毒外层有包膜"}, "answer": "为DNA病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.老年高血压患者无其他危险因素.血压应控制在什么目标范围?(  )", "options": {"A": "<150/90mmHg", "B": "<140/90mmHg", "C": "<135/85mmHg", "D": "<125/75mmHg"}, "answer": "<140/90mmHg", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.中心静脉压低,血压低提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "心功能不全,血容量正常", "B": "血容量不足", "C": "心功能不全或血容量相对过多", "D": "心功能不全或血容量不足"}, "answer": "血容量不足", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,38岁,糖尿病12年,每日皮下注射混合胰岛素治疗,早餐前30U,晚餐前24U,每日进餐规律,主食量30%,近来空腹血糖12.5mmol/L,餐后血糖7.6~9.0mmol/L1.为确定空腹高血糖的原因最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多次测定空腹血糖", "B": "多次测定餐后血糖", "C": "测定糖化血红蛋白", "D": "夜间血糖监测"}, "answer": "夜间血糖监测", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于心境障碍的描述,下列不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "以显著而持久的情感或心境改变为主要特征", "B": "主要表现为情感低落", "C": "可有精神病性症状", "D": "大多数病人有反复发作的倾向"}, "answer": "主要表现为情感低落", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,45岁。左乳房包块5个月,乳房无不适症状,有时感左肩背部不适,隐痛。查体:一般情况好,左乳房外上象限可触及3cm×2cm包块,质硬,不光滑,活动,无压痛,左腋窝触及3枚肿大淋巴结。钼靶摄片:左乳房2cm×2cm高密度影,周边有毛刺,中央有细沙样钙化点。1.若患者拟行手术治疗,预防术后感染,最重要的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "缝合前彻底冲洗", "B": "术前纠正贫血和低蛋白血症", "C": "安置有效的术后引流", "D": "遵守无菌操作"}, "answer": "遵守无菌操作", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,20岁,大二学生。两周来突然兴奋话多,言语夸大,说自己是中国的乔布斯,能开很多家公司,每个都可以进入世界500强。连夜搞发明创造,吃饭都狼吞虎咽,说要分秒必争。家人朋友劝阻他就发脾气,说他们弱智,不配与自己说话。针对该患者宜首选的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "曲唑酮", "B": "氯氮平", "C": "米氮平", "D": "布普品"}, "answer": "氯氮平", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.缺乏细胞壁的原核细胞型微生物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒", "B": "支原体", "C": "螺旋体", "D": "真菌"}, "answer": "支原体", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "水杨酸类制剂在溃疡性结肠炎治疗中,主要适用于(  )。", "options": {"A": "轻中度病例", "B": "重度病例", "C": "激素治疗无效者", "D": "顽固病例"}, "answer": "轻中度病例", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "9个月婴儿,近1个月夜惊、睡眠差、多汗、烦躁,运动发育迟,刚会坐,不能爬。查体:前囟大,方颅,有哈氏沟及串珠。2.哪一项治疗为首选?(  )", "options": {"A": "每天口服维生素D 1万~2万IU(250~500μg),持续1个月后,改为预防量400~800IU", "B": "每天口服维生素D 0.5万~1万IU(125~250μg),连用2个月,改预防量", "C": "每天口服维生素D 0.5万~1万IU(125~2.50μg),连用2~3个月,改预防量", "D": "每天口服维生素D 0.5万~1万IU(125~250μg),连用3-6个月"}, "answer": "每天口服维生素D 1万~2万IU(250~500μg),持续1个月后,改为预防量400~800IU", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.瘘管(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤粘膜的较深层坏死脱落形成的缺损", "B": "肝脓肿向肝表面破溃,脓汁流向腹腔", "C": "深部组织的脓肿向体表穿破,形成盲端管道", "D": "有腔器官的脓肿,分别向腔面及体表穿破,在体表和有腔器官之间形成两头开口的管道"}, "answer": "有腔器官的脓肿,分别向腔面及体表穿破,在体表和有腔器官之间形成两头开口的管道", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者右眼球不能外展,右额纹及鼻唇沟消失,示齿口角左偏,伸舌左偏,无舌肌萎缩,左侧中枢性上下肢瘫,病变位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "左侧脑桥及延髓", "B": "右侧脑桥及延髓", "C": "右侧脑桥", "D": "左侧脑桥"}, "answer": "右侧脑桥", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "青年男性,骑自行车跌倒,左小腿下1/3腓侧有压痛,局部肿胀,可闻及骨摩擦音,该患者步行到医院,其诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腓骨闭合性骨折", "B": "左小腿软组织损伤", "C": "胫腓骨闭合性双折", "D": "左小腿下1/3软组织挫伤"}, "answer": "腓骨闭合性骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "县级以上人民政府卫生行政部门可以对考核不合格的医师(  )。", "options": {"A": "吊销其医师职业证书", "B": "责令其暂停执业活动3个月至6个月,并接受培训和继续教育", "C": "给予行政或纪律处分", "D": "降低其职业等级"}, "answer": "责令其暂停执业活动3个月至6个月,并接受培训和继续教育", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "可被Ca2+激活的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "PKA", "B": "PKC", "C": "G蛋白", "D": "RTK"}, "answer": "PKC", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.反式作用因子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋白质", "B": "单顺反子", "C": "操纵序列", "D": "阻遏型操纵子"}, "answer": "蛋白质", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "坏死是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "局部组织、细胞的死亡", "B": "机体死亡后组织、细胞出现的形态学改变", "C": "活体局部组织、细胞死亡后出现的形态学改变", "D": "细胞的可复性改变"}, "answer": "活体局部组织、细胞死亡后出现的形态学改变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2个月男婴,出生体重3000g,生后即进乳。因进水后出现呕吐,逐渐加重,而入院治疗。患儿食欲强,大便少。查体:体重3kg。血浆总蛋白降低。最易出现的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮下脂肪0.3cm厚", "B": "肋串珠及哈氏沟", "C": "“0”形腿", "D": "皮肤,巩膜黄染"}, "answer": "皮下脂肪0.3cm厚", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,24岁,体检时发现甲状腺右叶内有一1cm大小的孤立结节,无任何自觉症状。4.手术治疗3年后,双肺出现大小不等的多数球形病灶影,边缘毛糙,但患者无咳嗽,咳痰或咳血,无胸痛,体温正常。此时的诊断与合理的治疗方案应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺癌肺转移,应行甲状腺全切除术,再行核素131Ⅰ全身治疗", "B": "甲状腺癌肺转移,应行肺部放射治疗", "C": "甲状腺癌肺转移,应加大甲状腺素的剂量", "D": "甲状腺癌肺转移,应加用甲状腺素,同时使用多药联合化疗"}, "answer": "甲状腺癌肺转移,应行甲状腺全切除术,再行核素131Ⅰ全身治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "最易引起电解质紊乱的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "螺内酯", "B": "氢氯噻嗪", "C": "呋塞米", "D": "乙酰唑胺"}, "answer": "呋塞米", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "第三代喹诺酮类药物的抗菌机制是其抑制了以下哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "细胞壁合成", "B": "蛋白质合成", "C": "DNA螺旋酶", "D": "二氢叶酸还原酶"}, "answer": "DNA螺旋酶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "Th2细胞分泌的特征性细胞因子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IL-2", "B": "IL-4", "C": "IFN-γ", "D": "IL-3"}, "answer": "IL-4", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,18岁。反复左侧腰部胀痛3年余。B超见左肾重度积水,左输尿管显示不清。总肾功能正常。尿常规:RBC(-),WBC 5~10/HP。IVU检查示左肾显影不清晰,右肾正常。1.为明确病变的部位,最常用的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "KUB", "B": "B超", "C": "逆行肾盂造影", "D": "CT平扫"}, "answer": "逆行肾盂造影", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿3岁,因发热,头痛,呕吐3天伴强直性抽搐2次入院。体检:意识模糊,营养差,颈抵抗阳性,右侧鼻唇沟较浅,右眼闭合不全,心肺腹未见异常,Kernig征、Barbinski征阳性,脑脊液蛋白0.8g/L,糖2.24mmol/L(400mg/100ml),氯化物100mmol/L(585mg/dl),白细胞60×106/L(60/mm3),多核细胞45%,单核细胞55%。4.若该患儿入院后反复惊厥,尿少,尿渗透压增加,此时应考虑发生了(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿毒症", "B": "稀释性低钠血症", "C": "脑性失盐综合征", "D": "低钙惊厥"}, "answer": "稀释性低钠血症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,32岁,双下肢无力3个月。查体:双上肢正常,又下肢肌力3级,肌张力高,跟膝腱反射亢进,病理反射(+)。其病变部位可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸髓", "B": "高颈髓", "C": "腰膨大", "D": "脊髓前角细胞"}, "answer": "胸髓", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.泌乳素瘤应首选的治疗方法(  )。", "options": {"A": "经蝶手术", "B": "开颅手术", "C": "长效奥曲肽", "D": "溴隐亭"}, "answer": "溴隐亭", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,33岁。急性腹膜炎术后7天。发热,为弛张热,伴乏力、盗汗,食欲减退,右上腹、肋下持续性钝痛,深呼吸及咳嗽时疼痛加重。腹部B超及CT示肝右叶上方、膈肌下见6cm×4cm液气平面,诊断性穿刺可抽出脓液。1.如决定行切开引流,为防止脓液流入腹腔再次引起弥漫性腹膜炎,最主要的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "进入脓腔分离时,不要破坏粘连层", "B": "切开引流同时应用有效抗生素", "C": "选择合理切口,显露充分", "D": "吸净脓液,低压灌洗后留置负压引流"}, "answer": "吸净脓液,低压灌洗后留置负压引流", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.风湿热的皮肤特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丘疹样荨麻疹", "B": "皮下小结", "C": "湿疹样改变", "D": "蝶形红斑"}, "answer": "皮下小结", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.对急性肾小球肾炎诊断有意义的尿常规检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上皮细胞管型", "B": "颗粒管型", "C": "红细胞管型", "D": "脂肪管型"}, "answer": "红细胞管型", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "给病员造成的危害结果没有达到法定程度的,不属于医疗事故,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "体内深部组织遗留纱布,反应轻微", "B": "体内遗留器械被及时取出,无明显不良后果", "C": "体内遗留物微小,不需再行手术", "D": "开错手术部位,有轻微反应"}, "answer": "体内遗留物微小,不需再行手术", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哪项不是颅内压增高所致头颅X线平片特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑回压迹加深", "B": "枕大孔扩大", "C": "颅缝裂开", "D": "蝶鞍扩大,前后床突骨质吸收"}, "answer": "枕大孔扩大", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.可引起毒血症的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "破伤风梭菌", "B": "α-溶血性链球菌", "C": "鼠伤寒沙门菌", "D": "腐生葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "破伤风梭菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,59岁。晨起轻微头痛和发现左侧肢体无力。左侧Babinski征阳性,左侧肢体痛温觉消失。可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑出血", "B": "脑血栓形成", "C": "高血压脑病", "D": "脑栓塞"}, "answer": "脑血栓形成", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在入门静脉的血液中,来自脾的血液约占(  )。", "options": {"A": "15%", "B": "10%", "C": "5%", "D": "20%"}, "answer": "20%", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某患者乘车时,急刹车,右膝前方受到撞击,出现右髋剧痛,髋关节运动障碍,处于屈曲内收、内旋畸形状态。2.可能出现哪些合并损伤?(  )", "options": {"A": "坐骨神经", "B": "胫神经", "C": "股神经", "D": "腓总神经"}, "answer": "坐骨神经", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "条件反射的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "先天遗传而获得", "B": "种族共有的反射", "C": "后天训练而建立", "D": "反射弧固定不变"}, "answer": "后天训练而建立", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "腹部闭合伤,诊断性腹腔穿刺的阳性率至少可达(  )。", "options": {"A": "50%", "B": "80%", "C": "90%", "D": "30%"}, "answer": "90%", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "继发性肺结核病结核杆菌的主要播散途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血道", "B": "支气管", "C": "直接蔓延", "D": "消化道播散"}, "answer": "支气管", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.可反映左右心房去极过程的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "P波", "B": "QRS波群", "C": "T波", "D": "ST段"}, "answer": "P波", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "主动脉瓣狭窄患者最重要的体征是主动脉瓣区(  )。", "options": {"A": "收缩期喷射性杂音", "B": "收缩期叹气样杂音", "C": "舒张期喷射性杂音", "D": "舒张期叹气样杂音"}, "answer": "收缩期喷射性杂音", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "符合乳糖操纵子的叙述的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "属于可诱导型调控", "B": "属于可阻遏型调控", "C": "结构基因产物与分解代谢无关", "D": "受代谢终产物抑制"}, "answer": "属于可诱导型调控", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者60岁,走路时双脚踩棉花感,睁眼站立稍不稳,Romberg征极明显,双下肢音叉振动觉缺失,病变位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "小脑", "B": "脊髓后索", "C": "脊髓后角", "D": "大脑额叶"}, "answer": "脊髓后索", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.防治尿酸性肾病(  )。", "options": {"A": "VP方案", "B": "HAP方案", "C": "口服别嘌呤醇", "D": "鞘内注射甲氨蝶呤"}, "answer": "口服别嘌呤醇", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "根据《医疗事故处理条例》的规定,医患双方对患者的死因有异议时,应在患者死亡后多长时间之内进行尸检,如具备冻存条件的,可以延长至多长时间(  )。", "options": {"A": "24小时;5天", "B": "24小时;7天", "C": "48小时;7天", "D": "48小时;5天"}, "answer": "48小时;7天", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "CD4阳性T细胞的主要功能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "特异性杀伤作用", "B": "吞噬作用", "C": "辅助作用", "D": "抑制作用"}, "answer": "辅助作用", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "DNA复制的主要方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "半保留复制", "B": "弥散式复制", "C": "全保留复制", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "半保留复制", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "我国提倡通过何种途径获得供体移植器官(  )。", "options": {"A": "自愿捐献", "B": "互换器官", "C": "器官买卖", "D": "国际贸易"}, "answer": "自愿捐献", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "再障最主要的诊断依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "网织红细胞减少", "B": "全血细胞减少,有出血或感染表现", "C": "骨髓增生不良", "D": "肝脾淋巴结不肿大"}, "answer": "骨髓增生不良", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "右心感染性心内膜炎最常见的栓塞部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "冠状动脉", "B": "肺动脉", "C": "肾动脉", "D": "下肢动脉"}, "answer": "肺动脉", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,30岁,父亲在2年前因胃癌去世,此后常感上腹部隐痛不适,但饮食正常。因怀疑上腹部脏器恶性病变,反复在医院行相关检查,均无异常发现,医生多次解释仍不能消除其疑虑,继续到各地求医,该病人的诊断考虑是(  )。", "options": {"A": "强迫症", "B": "精神分裂症", "C": "疑病症", "D": "神经衰弱"}, "answer": "疑病症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "人体内O2、CO2进出细胞膜是通过(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯扩散", "B": "易化扩散", "C": "入胞作用", "D": "出胞作用"}, "answer": "单纯扩散", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,59岁。进行性呼吸困难1个月,无发热。体检示气管向右侧偏移,左侧胸廓饱满,左肺叩诊呈实音,呼吸音消失,诊为胸腔积液。胸水检查示,外观呈淡黄色,比重1.024,有核细胞数1000×106/L,单核细胞0.80,胸水总蛋白36g/L。1.该患者出现胸水最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "缩窄性心包炎", "B": "肺炎", "C": "肺癌", "D": "心衰"}, "answer": "肺癌", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "参与三羧酸循环的酶,叙述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主要位于线粒体外膜", "B": "Ca2+可抑制其活性", "C": "氧化磷酸化的速率可调节其活性", "D": "在血糖较低时,活性较低"}, "answer": "氧化磷酸化的速率可调节其活性", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者女性,30岁,已婚,教师。10个月前行诊断性刮宫,术后有阴道出血。当听到同事说有癌症的可能时,感到紧张、心慌、气促。之后反复出现紧张、烦躁、坐立不安、心悸、气急、怕风、怕死,且间歇期逐渐缩短。家族史、既往史、体检、实验室检查无特殊。病前性格多疑多虑、易急躁,自制力存在。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "焦虑症", "B": "恐惧症", "C": "疑病症", "D": "心因性精神障碍"}, "answer": "焦虑症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,40岁,因发热,便秘,食欲不振12天入院,查体:肝大,肋下1cm,软,脾肋下及边,血常规WBC 2.7×109/L,中性粒细胞52%,淋巴细胞44%,血清ALT 120U/L,肥达反应:“O”1:160,“H”1:160。2.为进一步确定诊断,需做什么检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "尿常规", "B": "骨髓检查", "C": "血细菌培养", "D": "肝脏穿刺治疗"}, "answer": "血细菌培养", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于颅内动脉瘤,下述哪项是完全正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "创伤是动脉瘤破裂的原因", "B": "动脉瘤的破裂均有一定的诱因", "C": "动脉瘤破裂出血后,应嘱病人绝对卧床", "D": "颅内动脉瘤均位于Willis动脉环附近"}, "answer": "动脉瘤破裂出血后,应嘱病人绝对卧床", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "高血压脑出血,如果单从出血部位考虑,下述哪种情况最不适宜手术治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "桥脑", "B": "壳核", "C": "小脑", "D": "内囊"}, "answer": "桥脑", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.肝脂肪变性(  )。", "options": {"A": "槟榔肝", "B": "脂肪肝", "C": "黄色肝萎缩", "D": "肝脏结节状变化"}, "answer": "脂肪肝", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "普通型和典型偏头痛两者的区别之一在于后者一定有(  )。", "options": {"A": "恶心、呕吐", "B": "畏光、畏声", "C": "神经系统检查无异常", "D": "10~40min先兆症状"}, "answer": "10~40min先兆症状", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.具有抗病毒感染功能的因子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IL-2", "B": "IFN-γ", "C": "IL-4", "D": "G-CSF"}, "answer": "IFN-γ", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是参与替代途径激活补体的物质?(  )", "options": {"A": "IgG", "B": "IgM", "C": "IgD", "D": "LPS"}, "answer": "LPS", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,男性,9岁。头面部、四肢及会阴部火焰烧伤4h,烧伤总面积占体表面积50%,深Ⅱ度20%,Ⅲ度30%。伤后无尿,烦躁不安,手足湿冷,心率160次/min,呼吸25次/min。2.实验室检查最可能的发现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血白细胞总数增高,血小板低", "B": "红细胞压积增高", "C": "血CO2CP降低,尿素氮增高", "D": "尿蛋白阳性,有血红蛋白尿"}, "answer": "红细胞压积增高", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,35岁,初产妇。妊娠36周,血压升高1个月,持续腹痛伴阴道少量流血3小时。查体:T 36℃,P 120次/分,R 28次/分,BP 90/60mmHg,神志清楚,全身水肿。子宫硬如板状,胎方位不清,胎心未闻及,宫口2cm,先露-2。3.该患者最可能发生的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子痫", "B": "HELLP综合征", "C": "DIC", "D": "产褥感染"}, "answer": "DIC", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在我国,1岁内小儿需完成的基础计划免疫中,不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓灰质炎疫苗", "B": "麻疹疫苗", "C": "百日咳—白喉—破伤风混合疫苗", "D": "乙型脑炎疫苗"}, "answer": "乙型脑炎疫苗", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,女,2岁半。自幼牛乳喂养,未按要求添加辅食,有时腹泻,逐渐消瘦。体检:身高80cm,体重7000g,皮下脂肪减少,腹壁皮下脂肪厚度<0.4cm,皮肤干燥、苍白,肌张力明显减低,肌肉松弛,脉搏缓慢,心音较低钝。2.如果此患儿晨面色苍白、神志不清、体温不升、呼吸暂停。最可能的原因应该是(  )。", "options": {"A": "重度脱水伴休克", "B": "急性心力衰竭", "C": "低钙血症引起的喉痉挛", "D": "自发性低血糖"}, "answer": "自发性低血糖", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.清除突变细胞,防止肿瘤发生的免疫功能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫预防功能", "B": "免疫监视功能", "C": "免疫耐受", "D": "以上均不是"}, "answer": "免疫监视功能", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,60岁,有饮酒史20年,每天饮半斤白酒。2年来间断上腹隐痛,腹胀乏力,大便不成形,双下肢水肿,B超示:肝脏回声不均匀增强,脾大,少量腹水。2.为明确诊断,最有价值的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部CT", "B": "肝脏穿刺", "C": "腹部MRI", "D": "静脉胆囊造影"}, "answer": "肝脏穿刺", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,58岁,腹胀,食欲不振1月余。自消化内科转来,查体:腹部膨隆,移动性浊音(+),妇科检查,阴道后穹窿可触及结节,无触痛,子宫后位,大小正常,子宫左后方可触及质硬包块,边界及大小欠清。血CA125 1865U/mL。1.首先应考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "盆腔炎性包块", "B": "无性细胞癌", "C": "子宫内膜异位症", "D": "卵巢上皮性癌"}, "answer": "卵巢上皮性癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性肝衰竭实验室检查一般不会出现的结果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆红素增高", "B": "凝血酶原时间缩短", "C": "血肌酐增高", "D": "纤维蛋白原减少"}, "answer": "凝血酶原时间缩短", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于羊水的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "妊娠中期主要来源于胎盘", "B": "母体与羊水的交换主要通过脐带", "C": "胎儿吞咽可以使羊水量趋于平衡", "D": "妊娠晚期胎儿的肝脏参与羊水的生成"}, "answer": "胎儿吞咽可以使羊水量趋于平衡", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.兴奋性突触后电位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动作电位", "B": "局部电位", "C": "静息电位", "D": "后电位"}, "answer": "局部电位", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "《医疗事故处理条例》规定,造成患者轻度残疾,器官组织损伤导致一般功能障碍的,属于几级医疗事故?(  )", "options": {"A": "一级甲等", "B": "二级", "C": "三级", "D": "四级"}, "answer": "三级", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,48岁,左中指发僵、疼痛,屈伸中指时有弹响。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "类风湿性关节炎", "B": "狭窄性腱鞘炎", "C": "滑囊炎", "D": "创伤性关节炎"}, "answer": "狭窄性腱鞘炎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "促进肾小球滤过的动力是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全身动脉压", "B": "囊内压", "C": "囊内液体胶体渗透压", "D": "肾小球毛细血管血压"}, "answer": "肾小球毛细血管血压", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "破伤风最初的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸困难", "B": "张口困难", "C": "角弓反张", "D": "发热"}, "answer": "张口困难", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对疑似甲类传染病病人在明确诊断前,应在指定的场所进行(  )。", "options": {"A": "医学观察", "B": "留验", "C": "隔离", "D": "访视"}, "answer": "隔离", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,50岁。乏力,活动后气急2年,近1个月来出现呼吸困难伴下肢水肿入院。体检:血压120/70mmHg,心界向两侧扩大,心尖搏动及第一心音减弱,心尖区3/6级收缩期杂音,两肺底少量湿啰音,下肢水肿。1.患者最主要的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "二尖瓣狭窄", "B": "扩张型心肌病", "C": "急性渗出性心包炎", "D": "慢性心包炎"}, "answer": "扩张型心肌病", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "人脑不仅反映当前所看到、听到的事物,还能反映过去经历过的事物和想象出来从未见到过的事物,这说明人脑对现实的反映具有什么特点(  )。", "options": {"A": "系统整体性", "B": "抽象概括性", "C": "间接创造性", "D": "主观能动性"}, "answer": "主观能动性", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "体温调节中枢的调定点在(  )。", "options": {"A": "延髓", "B": "脑干网状结构", "C": "视前区-下丘脑前部", "D": "大脑皮质"}, "answer": "视前区-下丘脑前部", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "与猩红热有关的主要致病物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "透明质酸酶", "B": "链激酶", "C": "链道酶", "D": "致热外毒素"}, "answer": "致热外毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "炎症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "具有血管系统的活体组织的损伤反应", "B": "致炎因子诱发的机体血管反应", "C": "具有血管系统的活体组织对损伤因子所发生的防御反应", "D": "具有血管系统的活体组织对致炎因子反应"}, "answer": "具有血管系统的活体组织对损伤因子所发生的防御反应", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.重症支气管哮喘发作时的血气变化为(  )。", "options": {"A": "PaO2正常、PaCO2降低", "B": "PaO2升高", "C": "PaO2降低、PaCO2升高", "D": "以上均不正确"}, "answer": "PaO2降低、PaCO2升高", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,32岁,因慢性再生障碍性贫血2年,头晕、乏力、心悸2天入院。入院时检查:贫血外貌,Hb 50g/L。患者既往有多次输血史,1个月前在输血过程中曾出现发热反应,体温达39.5℃,经对症处理缓解。此次给予输血治疗,哪项为首选的血液制品?(  )", "options": {"A": "红细胞悬液", "B": "洗涤红细胞", "C": "全血", "D": "少白细胞的红细胞"}, "answer": "洗涤红细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "外展内收型肱骨外科颈骨折的复位方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "手法复位小夹板固定", "B": "单纯手法复位", "C": "保守治疗", "D": "切开复位"}, "answer": "手法复位小夹板固定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "潮气量为500ml,呼吸频率为12次/min,则肺泡通气量约为(  )。", "options": {"A": "3.5L", "B": "4.2L", "C": "5.0L", "D": "6.0L"}, "answer": "4.2L", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于溶血性贫血下述哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "血涂片中出现幼红细胞", "B": "血清结合珠蛋白升高", "C": "血清间接胆红素升高", "D": "红细胞寿命缩短"}, "answer": "血清结合珠蛋白升高", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是诊断早期糖尿病肾病较有意义的检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "尿常规检查", "B": "尿微量清蛋白测定", "C": "尿渗透压测定", "D": "双肾B超"}, "answer": "尿微量清蛋白测定", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项为不促进胰岛素释放,不加重肥胖的降糖药?(  )", "options": {"A": "甲福明(二甲双胍)", "B": "格列吡嗪", "C": "甲苯磺丁脲", "D": "氯磺丙脲"}, "answer": "甲福明(二甲双胍)", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪种分子不是CD4+细胞表达的协同刺激分子受体(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD2", "B": "CD4", "C": "CD8", "D": "LFA-1"}, "answer": "CD8", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "人体内属于可逆反应的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "异柠檬酸→α-酮戊二酸", "B": "草酰乙酸→柠檬酸", "C": "α-酮戊二酸→琥珀酰辅酶A", "D": "葡萄糖→6-磷酸葡萄糖"}, "answer": "异柠檬酸→α-酮戊二酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,30岁。因再生障碍性贫血3个月入院输血治疗,输注悬浮红细胞30分钟后出现寒战,既往有输血史。查体:T 39.5℃,BP130/75mmHg。患者最可能的输血不良反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "输血相关循环超负荷", "B": "过敏反应", "C": "输血相关移植物抗宿主病", "D": "非溶血性发热性反应"}, "answer": "非溶血性发热性反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "9个月婴儿,面色苍白,食欲差。Hb68g/L,RBC2.8×1012/L,网织红细胞l%,肝肋下2cm,脾肋下0.5cm。全身浅表淋巴结增大,为确诊应首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓检查", "B": "红细胞脆性试验", "C": "测血清铁和总铁结合力", "D": "血红蛋白电泳和HbF检查"}, "answer": "骨髓检查", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,15个月,单纯母乳喂养,不愿进辅食,其母不吃肉类、鱼类食品,近1个月面色渐苍黄,目光呆滞,肝肋下2.5cm,脾未及,伸手时手有震颤,Hb90g/L,RBC2.05×1012/L。3.该患儿未查出病因前的最佳治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素B12叶酸", "B": "铁剂、维生素C、维生素B12", "C": "泼尼松、维生素B12叶酸、铁剂", "D": "维生素B12、镇静剂、铁剂、维生素C"}, "answer": "维生素B12、镇静剂、铁剂、维生素C", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.患者多年不停大量饮酒,饮酒则情绪好,不饮则烦躁,有强烈的饮酒欲望(  )。", "options": {"A": "心理依赖", "B": "躯体依赖", "C": "戒断综合征", "D": "急性酒精中毒"}, "answer": "心理依赖", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,25岁,左膝外上方逐渐隆起包块伴酸痛半年,X线平片提示左股骨下端外侧有一病灶,边缘膨胀,中央有肥皂泡样改变,无明显的骨膜反应。2.确立诊断,最有力的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CT检查", "B": "局部穿刺活组织检查", "C": "核素骨扫描", "D": "外周血白细胞计数和分类"}, "answer": "局部穿刺活组织检查", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肺炎链球菌可引起下列哪种疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "支气管哮喘", "B": "大叶性肺炎(即典型肺炎)", "C": "肺脓肿", "D": "胸膜炎"}, "answer": "大叶性肺炎(即典型肺炎)", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于自身免疫的叙述哪一项是错误的(  )。", "options": {"A": "一旦机体对自身抗原发生免疫应答,将对机体造成严重的危害", "B": "自身免疫与自身免疫病是不同的两个概念", "C": "健康者体内可测出多种自身抗体", "D": "生理性的自身免疫有助于维持自稳作用"}, "answer": "一旦机体对自身抗原发生免疫应答,将对机体造成严重的危害", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有一名确诊为小脑扁桃体疝的病人,下述哪些症状不是常见症状?(  )", "options": {"A": "颈强", "B": "早期出现一侧瞳孔散大", "C": "意识障碍", "D": "呼吸骤停发生早"}, "answer": "早期出现一侧瞳孔散大", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某女,28岁,因发热原因不明入院,经实验室检查诊断为草绿色链球菌引起的细菌性心内膜炎,应选择的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "庆大霉素+青霉素G", "B": "链霉素+青霉素G", "C": "氨苄西林+阿莫西林", "D": "阿米卡星+妥布霉素"}, "answer": "庆大霉素+青霉素G", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列引起尿毒症的毒素中,不属于小分子毒素的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿酸", "B": "溶菌酶", "C": "尿素", "D": "胺类"}, "answer": "溶菌酶", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,33岁。交通事故伤及左季肋部,自述左季肋部疼痛,后疼痛缓解,3日后突发腹痛加剧,出现失血性休克。查体:全腹压痛、反跳痛及肌紧张。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫外孕破裂", "B": "肠穿孔", "C": "延迟性脾破裂", "D": "肠癌"}, "answer": "延迟性脾破裂", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "焦虑症治疗药物常用(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯丙嗪", "B": "地西泮", "C": "氯丙咪嗪", "D": "碳酸锂"}, "answer": "地西泮", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "诊断原发性甲状腺功能减退症最敏感的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清T3", "B": "血清rT3", "C": "血清TSH", "D": "甲状腺摄131I率"}, "answer": "血清TSH", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "引起肺动脉栓塞的血栓栓子主要来自(  )。", "options": {"A": "二尖瓣", "B": "主动脉瓣", "C": "下肢深静脉", "D": "肠系膜下静脉"}, "answer": "下肢深静脉", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肱骨中段骨折,为粉碎性骨折,选择哪种治疗方法为好?(  )", "options": {"A": "骨牵引治疗", "B": "髓内针固定", "C": "加压钢板固定", "D": "手法复位,夹板固定"}, "answer": "手法复位,夹板固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "最常见的应用胰岛素的不良反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胰岛素抗药性", "B": "胰岛素过敏", "C": "低血糖", "D": "脂肪营养不良"}, "answer": "低血糖", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.骨关节炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "关节间隙狭窄有骨质破坏", "B": "有骨赘形成", "C": "普遍性骨质疏松", "D": "压缩性骨折"}, "answer": "有骨赘形成", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪一项不是系统性红斑狼疮诊断标准中血液学的异常?(  )", "options": {"A": "溶血性贫血", "B": "淋巴细胞减少", "C": "单核细胞减少", "D": "血小板减少"}, "answer": "单核细胞减少", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有权对收受药物经营企业财务的医务人员做出没收违法所得的处罚的单位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卫生计生行政部门", "B": "食品药品监督管理部门", "C": "医师协会", "D": "工商行政管理部门"}, "answer": "卫生计生行政部门", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "体内药量按恒定的百分比消除是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消除速率常数", "B": "消除率", "C": "一级消除动力学", "D": "零级消除动力学"}, "answer": "一级消除动力学", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.疖和痈属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "蜂窝织炎", "B": "脓肿", "C": "卡他性炎", "D": "积脓"}, "answer": "脓肿", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "正常儿,体重7.5kg、身长62cm,会翻身,能独坐很久,不会爬,能发出“爸爸”、“妈妈”等复音,但无意识,能听懂自己的名字,其月龄最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "3~4个月", "B": "6个月", "C": "7个月", "D": "8个月"}, "answer": "7个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不符合TIA的治疗的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "若情况紧急时可用肝素治疗", "B": "抗血小板聚集治疗是短期的,无需进行血液监测", "C": "颈动脉狭窄>70%时可行颈动脉内膜剥离术或血管内介入治疗", "D": "有效控制糖尿病、高脂血症"}, "answer": "抗血小板聚集治疗是短期的,无需进行血液监测", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.最适于老年、轻型或合并肾功能不全的糖尿病患者使用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "美吡达(格列比嗪)", "B": "达美康(格列齐特)", "C": "糖适平(格列喹酮)", "D": "氯磺丙脲"}, "answer": "糖适平(格列喹酮)", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "卵巢上皮性癌相关的肿瘤标志物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "AFP", "B": "CA125", "C": "PSA", "D": "HCG"}, "answer": "CA125", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于超敏反应正确的理解是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不出现组织细胞损伤", "B": "机体反应处于低状态", "C": "属于正常免疫应答", "D": "属于异常免疫应答"}, "answer": "属于异常免疫应答", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "属广谱抗生素,兼有抗结核和抗麻风作用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "异烟肼", "B": "利福平", "C": "乙胺丁醇", "D": "对氨基水杨酸"}, "answer": "利福平", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,60岁,双下肢麻木无力4个月,双上肢无力,不能行走1个月,近2天排尿困难来就诊。查体:双上肢肌肉萎缩,肌张力低,肌力3级,双肱二头肌反射减弱,双下肢肌力2级,肌张力高,腱反射亢进,双病理反射阳性。", "options": {"A": "腰膨大", "B": "颈膨大", "C": "胸髓", "D": "高颈髓"}, "answer": "颈膨大", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,50岁。糖尿病肾病伴高血压,BP 170/100mmHg,心率54次/分,血肌酐158μmol/L。最适宜的治疗药物组合是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氨氯地平、缬沙坦", "B": "美托洛尔、维拉帕米", "C": "普萘洛尔、卡托普利", "D": "螺内酯、福辛普利"}, "answer": "氨氯地平、缬沙坦", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性白血病浸润所致体征最多见的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏增大", "B": "中枢神经系统", "C": "牙龈肿胀,皮肤损害", "D": "淋巴结、肝、脾肿大"}, "answer": "淋巴结、肝、脾肿大", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,56岁。在医院诊断为稳定性心绞痛,经一个时期的治疗,效果欠佳,拟采用联合用药,请问下述哪一种较为合理?(  )", "options": {"A": "硝酸甘油+硝酸异山梨酯", "B": "维拉帕米+普萘洛尔", "C": "硝酸甘油+美托洛尔", "D": "维拉帕米+硝苯地平"}, "answer": "硝酸甘油+美托洛尔", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "Lac阻遏蛋白结合乳糖操纵子的(  )。", "options": {"A": "P序列", "B": "O序列", "C": "CAP结合位点", "D": "Z基因"}, "answer": "O序列", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "与内毒素有关的细菌结构是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肽聚糖", "B": "荚膜", "C": "外膜", "D": "核膜"}, "answer": "外膜", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "婴儿化脓性脑膜炎抗生素应用的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "临床症状消失即可停药", "B": "脑脊液正常即可停药", "C": "用药1周即可停药", "D": "脑脊液正常后再用1~2周"}, "answer": "脑脊液正常后再用1~2周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "氰化物中毒是由于抑制了细胞色素(  )。", "options": {"A": "a", "B": "c", "C": "cl", "D": "aa3"}, "answer": "aa3", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性心包炎的心电图改变为(  )。", "options": {"A": "常规12个导联(除aVR外)皆出现ST段呈弓背向下抬高", "B": "出现病理性Q波", "C": "于冠状动脉所支配的相应导联上出现弓背向上ST段抬高", "D": "于冠状动脉所支配的相应导联上出现ST段水平下降"}, "answer": "常规12个导联(除aVR外)皆出现ST段呈弓背向下抬高", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "tRNA分子上3'-端序列的功能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "辨认mRNA上的密码子", "B": "辨认与核糖体结合的组分", "C": "提供-OH基与氨基酸结合", "D": "提供-OH基与糖类结合"}, "answer": "提供-OH基与氨基酸结合", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "最终导致肾小球损伤并产生相应临床症状的原因主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞免疫", "B": "免疫反应激活炎性细胞使之释放炎性介质致肾损害", "C": "凝血及纤溶系统因子,细胞黏附分子", "D": "肾小球固有细胞在特定条件下有致损伤作用"}, "answer": "免疫反应激活炎性细胞使之释放炎性介质致肾损害", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.患者女性,24岁。因将长发不慎卷入高速运转机器中致头皮撕脱伤,面积近3%,帽状腱膜无明显损伤。经抗休克病情稳定,欲行头皮部创面修复宜选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "刃厚皮片移植", "B": "中厚皮片移植", "C": "全层皮片移植", "D": "皮瓣移植"}, "answer": "刃厚皮片移植", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,20岁,农民,发热、头痛、恶心呕吐3天,查体:T 37.8℃,BP 60/40mmHg,脉搏细速,躯干有瘀点,双肾区叩击痛,检查血常规WBC 30×109/L,中性0.80,异常淋巴细胞0.10,血小板50×109/L,尿蛋白(++),诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "B": "败血症,感染性休克", "C": "流行性肾综合征出血热", "D": "传染性单核细胞增多症"}, "answer": "流行性肾综合征出血热", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于支气管扩张的特点,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "咳少量脓痰", "B": "侧胸部固定而持久的局限性粗湿啰音", "C": "胸部X线平片多无异常表现", "D": "胸部CT表现为支气管壁增厚,管腔呈囊、柱状扩张"}, "answer": "胸部CT表现为支气管壁增厚,管腔呈囊、柱状扩张", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "作为幽门螺杆菌根除治疗后复查的首选方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃组织学检查", "B": "快速尿素酶试验", "C": "幽门螺杆菌培养", "D": "14C尿素呼气试验"}, "answer": "14C尿素呼气试验", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.低渗性缺水的常见病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肠梗阻", "B": "肺炎高热", "C": "慢性十二指肠瘘", "D": "急性肾功能衰竭"}, "answer": "慢性十二指肠瘘", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,26岁,平素有背痛、乏力与低热,分娩后出现下肢瘫痪,检查胸椎9、10压痛,平脐以下痛觉减退,下肢痉挛性瘫,血沉加快,首先应考虑是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓肿瘤", "B": "硬膜外腔脓肿", "C": "胸椎结核", "D": "横断性脊髓炎"}, "answer": "胸椎结核", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,5岁,因发热、咳嗽1周,水肿、尿少5天入院。查体:全身明显浮肿,呈凹陷性,血压110/60mmHg。尿检:蛋白质(+++),红细胞5~7个/HP。血浆白蛋白23g/L,胆固醇9.2mmol/L。1.该患儿最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒性肾炎", "B": "急性肾炎", "C": "单纯性肾病", "D": "慢性肾炎"}, "answer": "单纯性肾病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "克罗恩病典型的表现不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "受累肠段弥漫性充血性水肿伴溃烂", "B": "病变呈节段性分布", "C": "纵行溃疡", "D": "裂隙样溃疡"}, "answer": "受累肠段弥漫性充血性水肿伴溃烂", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3岁女孩,主因眼睑及面部水肿两周就诊。查体:血压12/9kPa,全身高度水肿,呈凹陷性。实验室检查尿蛋白(++++),尿红细胞1~2/HP。1.确诊最有价值的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "24小时尿蛋白定量", "B": "尿红细胞形态检查", "C": "血沉", "D": "肝功能测定"}, "answer": "24小时尿蛋白定量", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项为大脑皮质运动区病变引起的瘫痪类型?(  )", "options": {"A": "单瘫或不均等偏瘫", "B": "完全性均等性偏瘫", "C": "四肢瘫", "D": "截瘫"}, "answer": "单瘫或不均等偏瘫", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "产后出血最常见的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎盘植入", "B": "胎盘嵌顿", "C": "胎盘粘连", "D": "子宫收缩乏力"}, "answer": "子宫收缩乏力", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,30岁,以往有肺结核史,近1个月来腰背痛,伴低热、盗汗。查体:胸11和胸12棘突明显压痛。3.下述哪一项治疗措施不妥?(  )", "options": {"A": "卧硬板床休息", "B": "正规抗痨治疗", "C": "立即手术,病灶清除", "D": "全身支持疗法"}, "answer": "立即手术,病灶清除", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者产后10天,左乳胀痛、发热。查体:T38.7℃,左乳外上象限皮温高,红肿、有压痛,肿块约5cm×5cm大小,有波动感。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脂肪坏死液化", "B": "炎性乳癌", "C": "急性乳腺炎未成脓", "D": "乳腺脓肿"}, "answer": "乳腺脓肿", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于小舞蹈病表述不当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "成年发病", "B": "常有精神症状", "C": "舞蹈样动作", "D": "可有共济失调"}, "answer": "成年发病", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "高血压脑出血,如果单从病情演变角度考虑,下述哪种情况最应积极采取手术治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "出血后病情进展迅猛,短时内即陷入深昏迷,生命体征不稳定", "B": "经保守治疗,病情稳定", "C": "经保守治疗,病情仍逐渐加重,但脑疝表现尚不明显", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "经保守治疗,病情仍逐渐加重,但脑疝表现尚不明显", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "判断休克已纠正除血压正常外,尿量每小时至少应稳定在(  )。", "options": {"A": "10mL以上", "B": "30mL以上", "C": "40mL以上", "D": "60mL以上"}, "answer": "30mL以上", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,18岁,因急性阑尾炎穿孔行阑尾切除术,术后3天切口红肿,有脓性分泌物,将缝线拆除后引出20mL脓液,10天后再次缝合而愈合,该病人切口愈合类型应记为(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅱ/乙", "B": "Ⅲ/甲", "C": "Ⅲ/乙", "D": "Ⅲ/丙"}, "answer": "Ⅲ/甲", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪项属于Ⅲ型超敏反应性疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "枯草热", "B": "SLE", "C": "结核", "D": "青霉素引起的过敏性休克"}, "answer": "SLE", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于辅助性T细胞被抗原活化,下述哪一项是正确的(  )。", "options": {"A": "需要与产生淋巴因子的巨噬细胞相互作用", "B": "需要识别辅助细胞表达的MHCⅡ类分子相连的抗原", "C": "若加工处理的抗原由非巨噬细胞递呈给辅助性T细胞,将不可能发生辅助性T细胞的抗原活化", "D": "对多糖类抗原的应答是必需的"}, "answer": "需要识别辅助细胞表达的MHCⅡ类分子相连的抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗急性哮喘发作应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "氨茶碱口服", "B": "色甘酸钠吸入", "C": "沙丁胺醇吸入", "D": "麻黄碱口服"}, "answer": "沙丁胺醇吸入", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.阿米巴肝脓肿的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆囊肿大", "B": "右上腹绞痛及黄疸", "C": "肝穿刺抽出棕褐色脓液", "D": "突发寒战、高热,肝区疼痛,肝大"}, "answer": "肝穿刺抽出棕褐色脓液", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.盐类含量低的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "母乳", "B": "牛奶", "C": "羊奶", "D": "酸牛奶"}, "answer": "母乳", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "先兆偏头痛的先兆特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "持续时间5~60分钟", "B": "多表现为偏侧运动障碍", "C": "视觉先兆多为偏盲", "D": "必须在头痛前发生而非与头痛同时发生"}, "answer": "持续时间5~60分钟", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "通过感觉、知觉、记忆等进行的活动称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "意志过程", "B": "人格倾向", "C": "人格特征", "D": "认识过程"}, "answer": "认识过程", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性糖尿病患者,45岁,肥胖体型,空腹血糖7.8mmol/L,治疗时首先考虑的治疗措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "饮食控制", "B": "胰岛素", "C": "双胍类药物", "D": "磺脲类药物"}, "answer": "饮食控制", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列描述的微生物特征中,不是所有微生物共同特征的一条是(  )。", "options": {"A": "个体微小", "B": "分布广泛", "C": "种类繁多", "D": "只能在活细胞内生长繁殖"}, "answer": "只能在活细胞内生长繁殖", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.甲胎蛋白(  )。", "options": {"A": "自身抗原", "B": "异种抗原", "C": "异嗜性抗原", "D": "肿瘤相关抗原"}, "answer": "肿瘤相关抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "降钙素降低血钙和血磷的主要机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "减弱溶骨过程,增强成骨过程,抑制肾小管的重吸收", "B": "增强溶骨过程,增强成骨过程,抑制肾小管的重吸收", "C": "增强溶骨过程,减弱成骨过程,抑制肾小管的重吸收", "D": "减弱溶骨过程,增强成骨过程,增强肾小管的重吸收"}, "answer": "减弱溶骨过程,增强成骨过程,抑制肾小管的重吸收", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "仅含有蛋白成分不含有核酸的微生物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "类病毒", "B": "拟病毒", "C": "朊病毒", "D": "小DNA病毒"}, "answer": "朊病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "35岁女性,G1P0,妊娠24周。常规产前检查,50g葡萄糖负荷试验血糖7.8mmol/L,OGTT血糖2次异常。对该孕妇的孕产期指导及处理,以下哪项正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "妊娠期应每周检查一次糖化血红蛋白", "B": "应行B超仔细检查,排除胎儿畸形", "C": "通常不需要提前终止妊娠,剖宫产", "D": "产后不宜母乳喂养"}, "answer": "应行B超仔细检查,排除胎儿畸形", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于肺气肿的病变的描述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺泡间隔断裂", "B": "肺泡间隔胶原纤维增生", "C": "肺大泡形成", "D": "肺小动脉内膜增厚"}, "answer": "肺泡间隔胶原纤维增生", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "腰椎间盘突出症是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "CT发现腰椎间盘突出", "B": "MRI发现腰椎间盘突出", "C": "椎间盘退行性变", "D": "腰椎间盘突出累及相应神经出现临床症状"}, "answer": "腰椎间盘突出累及相应神经出现临床症状", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "降低颅压的最有效药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "25%山梨醇", "B": "20%甘露醇", "C": "复方甘油盐水", "D": "速尿"}, "answer": "20%甘露醇", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "临床预防服务的主要内容不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "健康咨询", "B": "筛查", "C": "药物治疗", "D": "免疫接种"}, "answer": "药物治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于抗动脉粥样硬化药,下列哪一项叙述是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "调血脂药包括HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂、考来烯胺(消胆胺)、烟酸、氯贝特(安妥明)", "B": "普罗布考是抗氧化剂", "C": "保护动脉内皮药不能预防动脉粥样硬化", "D": "HMG-CoA还原酶是合成胆固醇的限速酶"}, "answer": "保护动脉内皮药不能预防动脉粥样硬化", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "紧张性木僵见于哪种精神疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "抑郁症", "B": "癔症", "C": "精神分裂症", "D": "反应性精神障碍"}, "answer": "精神分裂症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述情形中属于医疗技术事故的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "因技术不熟练,术中误伤大血管造成病员大出血死亡", "B": "由于难以预料的原因造成病员死亡", "C": "无法避免造成残废", "D": "由于难以预料的原因造成残废"}, "answer": "因技术不熟练,术中误伤大血管造成病员大出血死亡", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.主要与体液免疫有关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "嗜碱性粒细胞", "B": "单核细胞", "C": "T淋巴细胞", "D": "B淋巴细胞"}, "answer": "B淋巴细胞", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性化脓性骨髓炎行局部引流的原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应待X线片显示骨质破坏时进行", "B": "应尽量避免切开以免形成窦道", "C": "临床诊断一经明确,抗生素治疗数日无效即行引流手术", "D": "待全身中毒症状改善后再施行"}, "answer": "临床诊断一经明确,抗生素治疗数日无效即行引流手术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "控制支气管哮喘气道慢性炎症最有效的(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖皮质激素", "B": "白三烯调节剂", "C": "M受体拮抗剂", "D": "H受体拮抗剂"}, "answer": "糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "糖酵解、糖异生、磷酸戊糖途径、糖原合成途径的共同代谢物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1,6-双磷酸果糖", "B": "F-6-P", "C": "3-磷酸甘油醛", "D": "G-6-P"}, "answer": "G-6-P", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,30岁,上腹突发刀割样疼痛。很快波及全腹,体温39℃,腹部呈板状,有明显压痛、反跳痛和肌紧张。肝浊音界消失,肠鸣音消失。最可能诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性化脓性胆囊炎", "B": "胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔", "C": "急性阑尾炎穿孔", "D": "急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎"}, "answer": "胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者颈部疼痛,四肢无力2年,检查时出现第二肋间下列感觉明显减弱,对其诊断最有意义的检查(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈椎X线平片", "B": "胸椎X线平片", "C": "颈椎MRI", "D": "全身详细体检"}, "answer": "颈椎MRI", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.感冒,流清涕(  )。", "options": {"A": "黏膜的浆液渗出性炎", "B": "皮肤烫伤的水疱", "C": "体腔内蓄积大量的液体", "D": "伤口表面的脓苔"}, "answer": "黏膜的浆液渗出性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "新生儿少尿的标准,每天尿量(  )。", "options": {"A": "每小时少于3.0ml/kg", "B": "每小时少于2.0ml/kg", "C": "每小时少于1.0ml/kg", "D": "每小时少于0.5ml/kg"}, "answer": "每小时少于1.0ml/kg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "激素治疗肾病综合征,其中长疗程的时间为(  )。", "options": {"A": "8~12周", "B": "4~6个月", "C": "6~9个月", "D": "9~12个月"}, "answer": "6~9个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "婴幼儿时期,外界刺激不易在大脑皮层形成明确兴奋灶的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经髓鞘形成和发育不完善", "B": "神经元少", "C": "神经元体积小", "D": "树突、轴突短"}, "answer": "神经髓鞘形成和发育不完善", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "哪项是甲状腺癌最常见的病理类型?(  )", "options": {"A": "乳头状癌", "B": "滤泡状癌", "C": "未分化癌", "D": "乳头状癌合并滤泡状癌"}, "answer": "乳头状癌", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "股骨转子间骨折与股骨颈骨折临床主要不同点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肢体明显短缩", "B": "功能严重丧失", "C": "骨摩擦音、骨擦感不明显", "D": "远端骨折段处于极度外旋位"}, "answer": "远端骨折段处于极度外旋位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,46岁。右下腹持续性疼痛4天,伴恶心、呕吐,呕出物为胃内容物。体温38.5℃。体检发现右下腹5cm×5cm大小肿块,触痛明显。3.如果急诊手术,最合适的手术方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脓肿引流", "B": "常规切除阑尾", "C": "右半结肠切除", "D": "结肠造口"}, "answer": "脓肿引流", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,36岁。患胆囊结石5年。饱餐后持续上腹疼痛16小时,向腰背部放射,伴恶心、呕吐、发热。查体:上腹明显压痛,墨菲征阴性,肋脊角无压痛、叩痛。1.诊断首先考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性胃炎", "B": "消化性溃疡", "C": "肠梗阻", "D": "急性胰腺炎"}, "answer": "急性胰腺炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于高血压降压治疗的原则,哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "血压控制满意后可立即停药", "B": "单个药物宜从从小剂量开始", "C": "联合用药", "D": "尽可能用长效制剂,减少血压波动"}, "answer": "血压控制满意后可立即停药", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "骨盆骨折最危险的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "盆腔内出血", "B": "膀胱破裂", "C": "尿道断裂", "D": "骶丛神经损伤"}, "answer": "盆腔内出血", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,女,4岁。反复呕吐3天,突发抽搐1次,食欲差,精神萎靡,肾病综合征病史半年余,长期低盐饮食。其最可能合并(  )。", "options": {"A": "低钙血症", "B": "肾静脉血栓", "C": "低钠血症", "D": "脑血栓形成"}, "answer": "低钠血症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "帕金森病诊断不包括哪个选项?(  )", "options": {"A": "偏侧肢体起病", "B": "动作缓慢", "C": "肌肉僵直", "D": "感觉异常"}, "answer": "感觉异常", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "紫外线杀菌的最佳波长为(  )。", "options": {"A": "200nm", "B": "265nm", "C": "300nm", "D": "650nm"}, "answer": "265nm", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一般在发热后多少天麻疹出疹(  )。", "options": {"A": "1~2天", "B": "3~4天", "C": "5~6天", "D": "7~8天"}, "answer": "3~4天", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "心包穿刺术的绝对禁忌证是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏压塞", "B": "化脓性心包炎", "C": "结核性心包炎", "D": "主动脉夹层"}, "answer": "主动脉夹层", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,40岁。活动后心悸、气短5年,夜间不能平卧2周,既往有反复关节痛病史。查体:两颊呈紫红色,心尖部可闻及舒张期杂音。最有助于确诊的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血常规", "B": "胸部X线片", "C": "超声心动图", "D": "心电图"}, "answer": "超声心动图", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,80岁。右腹股沟斜疝嵌顿12小时来诊,既往有可复往腹股沟斜疝史30年,检查:右侧腹股沟10cm×6cm嵌顿疝,张力较高,皮肤无红肿,首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "试行手法复位", "B": "手术复位并行疝囊高位结扎", "C": "手术复位并行加强腹股沟管前壁疝修补术", "D": "手术复位并行无张力疝修补术"}, "answer": "手术复位并行疝囊高位结扎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.在牛奶培养基中可引起“汹涌发酵”的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "幽门螺杆菌", "B": "产气荚膜梭菌", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "D": "军团菌"}, "answer": "产气荚膜梭菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "Allen试验是用于检查手的(  )。", "options": {"A": "运动情况", "B": "供血情况", "C": "感觉情况", "D": "发汗情况"}, "answer": "供血情况", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "蛋白质多肽链具有的方向性是(  )。", "options": {"A": "从N端到C端", "B": "从5′端到3′端", "C": "从C端到N端", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "从N端到C端", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "脑疝发生后,下列哪项抢救措施是禁忌的?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑室穿刺引流脑脊液", "B": "尽早祛除病因", "C": "腰椎穿刺引流脑脊液", "D": "气管插管,过度通气"}, "answer": "腰椎穿刺引流脑脊液", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.较大儿童筛查苯丙酮尿症的试验是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Guthrie细菌生长抑制试验", "B": "尿三氯化铁试验", "C": "尿蝶呤分析", "D": "常染色体隐性遗传"}, "answer": "尿三氯化铁试验", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "病人坚持不在床上睡,因为他感到床在运动,实际上床是静止的,此现象是(  )。", "options": {"A": "妄想", "B": "非真实感", "C": "幻觉", "D": "空间感知障碍"}, "answer": "幻觉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,马车翻车时砸伤下腹部。查体:耻骨联合处压痛,挤压试验阳性,膀胱胀满,橡皮导管插入一定深度未引出尿液,导管尖端见血迹。此时应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "导尿管插入深度不对", "B": "导尿管插入方法不对", "C": "骨盆骨折并尿道断裂", "D": "骨盆骨折合并膀胱损伤"}, "answer": "骨盆骨折并尿道断裂", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下是左向右分流型先心病的共同临床特点,但应除外(  )。", "options": {"A": "易患肺炎", "B": "生长发育落后", "C": "哭闹后出现青紫", "D": "差异性青紫"}, "answer": "差异性青紫", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,男,11岁,右膝部疼痛,跛行2年,有夜间痛。检查发现右膝活动良好,右髋不能伸直,大腿肌肉萎缩,血沉28mm,X线片示髋关节骨质疏松。考虑是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膝关节滑膜结核", "B": "髋关节结核性滑膜炎", "C": "髋关节类风湿性滑膜炎", "D": "髋关节一过性滑膜炎"}, "answer": "髋关节结核性滑膜炎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不符合震颤麻痹症状的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "随意运动减少", "B": "静止性震颤", "C": "体位不稳,走路呈“慌张步态”", "D": "可导致瘫痪"}, "answer": "可导致瘫痪", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "骨筋膜室综合征的晚期并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "缺血性骨坏死", "B": "肾衰竭", "C": "缺血性肌痉挛", "D": "不明显"}, "answer": "缺血性肌痉挛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某男性患者,65岁,患胃癌4年,晚期,已失去手术治疗价值,生命垂危。家属再三恳求医生,希望能满足病人心理上的渴求,收他入院。医生出于“人道”,破格将他收入院。究竟该不该收治这个病人,按医院的职能和任务要求,2.应该收治的理由是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人有权享有必要的、合理的、基本的诊治护理权利", "B": "解除疾病痛苦是病人的基本需要", "C": "人类的生存权利是平等的,因而医疗保健的享有权也是平等的", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "判断中骨盆狭窄的重要径线是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骶耻外径", "B": "髂棘间径", "C": "髂嵴间径", "D": "坐骨切迹宽度"}, "answer": "坐骨切迹宽度", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.以行为本主义理论为基础的疗法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "自由联想疗法", "B": "询者中心疗法", "C": "系统脱敏疗法", "D": "支持疗法"}, "answer": "系统脱敏疗法", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "行胃高选择性迷走神经切断术时,作为保留分支标志的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃前支", "B": "胃后支", "C": "肝胆支", "D": "鸦爪支"}, "answer": "鸦爪支", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "初种麻疹减毒活疫苗的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生后2个月", "B": "生后8个月", "C": "4岁时加强一次", "D": "8岁时加强一次"}, "answer": "生后8个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项不是补体的生物学功能(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞毒作用", "B": "促进吞噬", "C": "促炎症作用", "D": "特异性免疫作用"}, "answer": "特异性免疫作用", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,25岁。间断发热5天,于8月底来诊。6天前由南方到京,次日出现寒战、发热、头痛,服退热药后热退,2天后再次高热,持续数小时,大汗后退热,伴乏力,精神差。实验室检查:血WBC 6.5×109/L,淋巴细胞0.40。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性血吸虫病", "B": "流行性乙型脑炎", "C": "伤寒", "D": "疟疾"}, "answer": "疟疾", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,38岁。反复乏力、纳差3年,加重伴恶心、尿黄半月。体检:皮肤、巩膜轻度黄染,可见肝掌及散在蜘蛛痣,肝肋下2cm,质韧,脾肋下3cm。化验:血清TBIL 46μmol/L、DBIL25μmol/L,ALT 210U/L, AFP 80μg/L,HAV-IgM阴性、HBsAg阳性、抗-HBc阳性、抗-HBe阳性,抗-HCV阴性。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性乙型病毒性肝炎(中度)", "B": "慢性重型肝炎", "C": "肝硬化", "D": "原发性肝癌"}, "answer": "慢性乙型病毒性肝炎(中度)", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "腹部闭合性损伤患者伴休克,腹部穿刺抽出不凝血。1.在尚未手术前应采用的最主要的治疗环节是(  )。", "options": {"A": "保持安静", "B": "止痛", "C": "防治休克", "D": "胃肠减压"}, "answer": "防治休克", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎的主要临床特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺部体征出现较早,易引起肺脓肿、肺大疱", "B": "体温一般不高,喘憋为主,肺部听诊有哮鸣音", "C": "嗜酸细胞增高", "D": "X线检查示肺部片状阴影,呈云雾状或游走性"}, "answer": "肺部体征出现较早,易引起肺脓肿、肺大疱", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "临产后正常宫缩起自(  )。", "options": {"A": "两侧宫角部", "B": "两侧子宫侧壁", "C": "宫颈部", "D": "宫底部"}, "answer": "两侧宫角部", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不符合神经症性障碍共同特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多无明显的精神病性症状", "B": "症状可有相应的器质性病变", "C": "与心理社会因素有关", "D": "多数患者对疾病有自知力"}, "answer": "症状可有相应的器质性病变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4岁患儿,全身水肿20天,血压90/60mmHg,尿蛋白(+++)~(++++)血浆蛋白总量45g/L,清蛋白20g/L,血BUN 4.2mmol/L。3.尿蛋白转阴后选择激素减量的方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "即可停用泼尼松", "B": "即可改隔日顿服", "C": "继续用泼尼松原剂量,2周后停药", "D": "继续用泼尼松原剂量,2周后改隔日顿服"}, "answer": "继续用泼尼松原剂量,2周后改隔日顿服", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "骨关节炎最常累及的外周关节是(  )。", "options": {"A": "远端指间关节、腕关节、膝关节", "B": "腕关节、膝关节、髋关节", "C": "远端指间关节、膝关节、髋关节", "D": "远端指间关节、腕关节、髋关节"}, "answer": "远端指间关节、膝关节、髋关节", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在胞浆中进行的和能量代谢有关的代谢是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脂肪酸氧化", "B": "电子传递", "C": "糖酵解", "D": "氧化磷酸化"}, "answer": "糖酵解", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列有关子宫肌瘤的叙述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部可有包块", "B": "可有继发性贫血", "C": "月经改变为最常见的症状", "D": "有症状的不需要手术"}, "answer": "有症状的不需要手术", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.与超敏反应性疾病有关(  )。", "options": {"A": "自溶酶", "B": "M蛋白", "C": "脂溶性色素", "D": "血浆凝固酶"}, "answer": "M蛋白", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,16岁。心慌、多汗、手颤2个月。无明显突眼,甲状腺Ⅰ度弥漫性肿大。血游离T3、T4增高,TSH降低。肝、肾功能正常,血白细胞6.8×109/L,诊为甲亢。既往无甲亢病史。恰当的治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "核素131I治疗", "B": "甲状腺部分切除术", "C": "抗甲状腺药物治疗", "D": "抗甲状腺药物治疗后手术治疗"}, "answer": "抗甲状腺药物治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "7个月小儿,咳嗽流涕2天,发热半天,体温39.0℃,惊厥1次,5min后自行缓解。体检:神志清,前囟平坦。肺呼吸音清,无脑膜刺激征。WBC 6.5×109/L,血钙2.24mmol/L。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上呼吸道感染,简单型高热惊厥", "B": "肺炎,维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦", "C": "化脓性脑膜炎", "D": "肺炎,高热惊厥"}, "answer": "上呼吸道感染,简单型高热惊厥", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不属于阻塞性肺气肿的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "桶状胸", "B": "触觉语颤增强", "C": "叩诊呈过清音、心浊音界缩小或不易叩出", "D": "肺泡呼吸音降低,呼气明显延长"}, "answer": "触觉语颤增强", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,35岁,被人用铁棒击伤头部,当时昏迷,送医院途中曾与家人谈话,但头痛,呕吐明显。查体:呈昏迷状态,左瞳孔直径0.5cm,右侧0.2cm,右侧肢体无自主运动。3.首要护理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "升高头位", "B": "保持呼吸道通畅", "C": "导尿", "D": "鼻饲营养物质"}, "answer": "保持呼吸道通畅", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,45岁,车祸致头部外伤伴昏迷1小时入院,查体:P 55次/分,R 12次/分,BP 170/100mmHg,右侧顶枕部头皮血肿,GCS评分7分,左侧瞳孔直径4mm,对光反应消失,右侧瞳孔直径2mm,右侧肢体偏瘫,头颅CT示左颞叶脑内高密度影,体积约60ml。左额、颞面广泛斑点状高密度影,致同侧脑室受压,中线向右移位1.5cm。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "外伤性脑积水", "B": "急性硬脑膜外血肿", "C": "脑挫裂伤伴脑内血肿", "D": "脑震荡"}, "answer": "脑挫裂伤伴脑内血肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性肾炎持续低补体血症超过8周仍不恢复,应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾炎性肾病", "B": "单纯性肾病", "C": "乙肝相关性肾炎", "D": "慢性肾炎"}, "answer": "慢性肾炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,30岁,发热l0天,高达39.6℃,伴头痛,无咳嗽,无呕吐、腹泻,曾按感冒治疗,无好转。查体:贫血貌,表情淡漠,脉搏64次/分,心肺未见异常,肝肋下未及,脾肋下刚触及。血白细胞计数3.2×109/L,中性粒细胞0.67,淋巴细胞0.33,胸片未见异常。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "系统性红斑狼疮", "B": "淋巴瘤", "C": "伤寒", "D": "败血症"}, "answer": "伤寒", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "分泌胃酸的细胞为(  )。", "options": {"A": "壁细胞", "B": "颗粒细胞", "C": "粘液细胞", "D": "G细胞"}, "answer": "壁细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一名耕种水稻的农民,突然出现高热、乏力,伴有腓肠肌疼痛、眼结膜出血及淋巴结肿大。该患者可能是哪一种微生物感染?(  )", "options": {"A": "梅毒螺旋体", "B": "钩端螺旋体", "C": "霍乱弧菌", "D": "甲型肝炎病毒"}, "answer": "钩端螺旋体", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,44岁。右上腹胀痛3天。伴寒战、高热(39.2℃),食欲不振,乏力。右上腹皮肤有凹陷性水肿。肝肋下5cm,有压痛。血WBC 19×109/L,N 0.92。B超示右肝内多个2~3cm大小的液性暗区。X线片示右膈肌升高,肝阴影增大。抗感染治疗主要针对的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "产气荚膜梭菌", "B": "无芽孢厌氧菌", "C": "肉毒梭菌", "D": "志贺菌"}, "answer": "无芽孢厌氧菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "普萘洛尔的作用不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "增加气道阻力", "B": "抑制肾素释放", "C": "抑制脂肪分解", "D": "增加糖原分解"}, "answer": "增加糖原分解", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,18岁,右大腿下端肿胀,疼痛伴消瘦、乏力2个月。查体:右膝上肿胀,皮肤静脉怒张。X线片见右股骨下端骨质破坏,可见Codman三角。2.最佳治疗方案应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗结核治疗", "B": "术前化疗加保肢术", "C": "抗感染治疗", "D": "消肿镇痛治疗"}, "answer": "术前化疗加保肢术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.细胞内Ca2+贮存于(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞液", "B": "细胞核", "C": "线粒体", "D": "内质网"}, "answer": "内质网", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂药理作用为(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制体内胆固醇氧化酶", "B": "阻断HMG-CoA转化为甲羟戊酸", "C": "使肝脏LDL受体表达减弱", "D": "具有增强细胞免疫作用"}, "answer": "阻断HMG-CoA转化为甲羟戊酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胸外心脏按压的操作方法,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "背部垫硬板", "B": "部位在锁骨中线第4肋间", "C": "按压次数约100次/分", "D": "每按压30次后进行人工呼吸2次"}, "answer": "部位在锁骨中线第4肋间", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,28岁。平时月经规则,现停经60天,阴道流血10天。妇科检查子宫如妊娠3个月大,软,无压痛,双侧附件区均扪及5cm囊性包块,壁薄,活动好,无压痛。血hCG增高明显。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "异位妊娠", "B": "卵巢巧克力囊肿", "C": "葡萄胎", "D": "早期妊娠"}, "answer": "葡萄胎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者女性40岁,雨淋后出现发热、痛胸、咳铁锈色痰。体温39℃,肺部X线片发现右肺中叶有大片密度增高阴影。实验室痰培养为G+双球菌,菊糖发酵试验(+)。此病应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炭疽", "B": "肺实变", "C": "原发性肺结核", "D": "大叶性肺炎"}, "answer": "大叶性肺炎", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "43岁女性,G3P2,20年前带环避孕10年。近5年来经量渐增多,痛经逐渐加重,并经期发低热。查体:子宫均匀增大,如孕8周大小,质硬,活动尚好,压痛(+),双侧附件未及具体包块。3.最好的处理方式为(  )。", "options": {"A": "期待疗法", "B": "手术切除子宫", "C": "手术切除子宫+双附件", "D": "手术切除双附件"}, "answer": "手术切除子宫", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,72岁,银行职员,高中文化,3年前开始记忆力下降,逐渐加重,刚吃完饭后就忘记,说没吃饭,记不住孙子的名字,把子女错认为别人,远记力尚可,经常吵闹要回原来的家,有时焦虑,简单计算均可,复杂计算力差,在家乱翻东西,自己存折忘记放在什么地方,找不到时认为被女儿偷去了,躯体及神经系统检查无异常。1.最有诊断意义的检查(  )。", "options": {"A": "头颅CT", "B": "智商测定", "C": "CSF", "D": "精神症状总体量表"}, "answer": "头颅CT", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪一项最符合鳞状细胞癌的特征?(  )", "options": {"A": "呈膨胀性生长", "B": "癌细胞的排列及形态仍保留鳞状上皮的某些特征", "C": "角化物形成", "D": "主要经淋巴道转移的"}, "answer": "癌细胞的排列及形态仍保留鳞状上皮的某些特征", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "符合多囊卵巢综合征内分泌特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "FSH、LH值均≤5U/L", "B": "LH/FSH≥2", "C": "PRL正常,FSH>40U/L", "D": "E1/E2<1"}, "answer": "LH/FSH≥2", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.细胞代谢所需的O2和所生产的CO2跨膜转运的途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脂质双分子层", "B": "通道蛋白", "C": "钠泵", "D": "钙泵"}, "answer": "脂质双分子层", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,24岁。孕26周,腹胀2天入院。体格检查:血压130/90mmHg,痛苦表情,发绀,不能平卧。产科检查:宫底脐上三横指,腹围102cm,胎位不清,胎心未听到。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "妊娠合并心脏病", "B": "双胎妊娠", "C": "羊水过多", "D": "死胎"}, "answer": "羊水过多", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女婴,出生30小时。出现嗜睡伴肌张力低下,初步诊断为缺氧缺血性脑病。为了解患儿丘脑、基底节有无病灶,应首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头颅CT", "B": "脑电图", "C": "颅脑透照试验", "D": "头颅MRI"}, "answer": "头颅MRI", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性乙肝患者,化验乙肝五项指标,HBsAg(+),抗HBc(+),HBeAg(+),ALP120U/L,提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒无复制,无传染性", "B": "病毒有复制,肝脏有损伤", "C": "有传染性", "D": "病毒有复制,有传染性,肝脏有损害"}, "answer": "病毒有复制,有传染性,肝脏有损害", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于酒精所致精神障碍,下列哪一个不该包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性酒精中毒", "B": "幻觉症", "C": "类帕金森病", "D": "震颤谵妄"}, "answer": "类帕金森病", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,40岁,疲乏无力,月经不规律,贫血。下列各项中不能成为贫血原因的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性肾炎", "B": "系统性红斑狼疮", "C": "胃肠道肿瘤", "D": "库欣综合征"}, "answer": "库欣综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.透析疗法不能很好清除的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "短效巴比妥类", "B": "水杨酸类", "C": "甲醇", "D": "锂"}, "answer": "短效巴比妥类", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.肠结核(  )。", "options": {"A": "溃疡长轴与肠轴平行", "B": "溃疡呈环形与肠轴垂直", "C": "溃疡呈烧瓶状,口小底大", "D": "溃疡边缘呈堤状隆起"}, "answer": "溃疡呈环形与肠轴垂直", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.手术用金属器械宜采应用(  )。", "options": {"A": "高压蒸汽灭菌", "B": "干烤", "C": "紫外线", "D": "煮沸消毒"}, "answer": "高压蒸汽灭菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "机械性肠梗阻与动力性肠梗阻的主要区别在于早期(  )。", "options": {"A": "有无绞痛、腹胀和肠鸣音变化", "B": "有无腹痛、腹胀及肛门停止排便排气", "C": "有无感染迹象", "D": "有无酸碱失衡、电解质紊乱"}, "answer": "有无绞痛、腹胀和肠鸣音变化", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "风湿性心肌炎最常见的心电图改变是 (  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅰ度房室传导阻滞", "B": "右心室肥厚", "C": "早搏", "D": "Q—T间期延长"}, "answer": "Ⅰ度房室传导阻滞", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医师在执业活动中有权出具相应的医学证明文件,“相应的”是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "在注册的执业范围内", "B": "在所在医疗机构的服务范围内", "C": "在医疗范围内", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "在注册的执业范围内", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "器官移植的成败主要取决于(  )。", "options": {"A": "供、受者间的组织相容性", "B": "供、受者问的亲缘关系", "C": "血型", "D": "年龄"}, "answer": "供、受者间的组织相容性", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "6岁女孩,浮肿4天伴少尿、茶色尿入院。双眼睑下肢明显水肿,烦躁,呼吸急促,心率120次/分,两肺底可闻及中小湿性啰音,腹平,肝脏肋下2cm,血压118/80mmHg,尿常规:蛋白(+)红细胞20~25个/高倍视野。3.为确定诊断,以下哪项检查有较大意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "血常规", "B": "血沉", "C": "总补体,C3", "D": "心电图"}, "answer": "总补体,C3", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "甘油异生成糖时最主要的中间产物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "草酰乙酸", "B": "磷酸二羟丙酮", "C": "脂肪酸", "D": "乙酰乙酸"}, "answer": "磷酸二羟丙酮", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.尖锐湿疣的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人乳头瘤病毒", "B": "苍白密螺旋体", "C": "革兰阴性双球菌", "D": "钩端螺旋体"}, "answer": "人乳头瘤病毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "老年帕金森患者的治疗最恰当的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "复方左旋多巴", "B": "司来吉兰", "C": "溴隐亭", "D": "维生素E"}, "answer": "复方左旋多巴", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,16岁。2周来尿少,全身水肿明显,尿蛋白定量8g/24h,血浆白蛋白18g/L,尿沉渣镜检有红细胞3~5个/HP,有透明管型和偶见颗粒管型,血红蛋白正常,血肌酐正常,血尿素氮10mmol/L。6.2个月前患者激素减至25mg,感冒发热后肾病综合征表现再现,仍用标准剂量激素8周,未见缓解。此时该如何处置为最好?(  )", "options": {"A": "维持现激素用法,延长至1年", "B": "重复肾活检决定进一步治疗方案", "C": "维持现激素用法,加用细胞毒药物", "D": "逐步减少激素用量,加强症状治疗"}, "answer": "维持现激素用法,加用细胞毒药物", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪一种疾病骨髓巨核细胞减少?(  )", "options": {"A": "缺铁性贫血", "B": "血友病", "C": "急慢性再障", "D": "巨幼细胞贫血"}, "answer": "急慢性再障", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "7岁的男孩,眼睑浮肿4天,伴头痛、眼花,尿呈深茶色2天,儿科就诊,2周前曾患扁桃体炎,经用青霉素治疗好转。5.如果此患儿蛋白尿明显,血清补体持续低下(>8周),则考虑诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgA肾病", "B": "膜增生性肾炎", "C": "急性肾小球肾炎", "D": "慢性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "膜增生性肾炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不属于肉毒毒素特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可被肠道胰酶水解", "B": "不耐热,煮沸1min即可被破坏", "C": "细菌生活状态下释放", "D": "LD50最小"}, "answer": "细菌生活状态下释放", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.桡骨小头半脱位的复位方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Hippocrates法", "B": "骨牵引复位法", "C": "Allis法", "D": "无需牵引,仅用旋转法"}, "answer": "无需牵引,仅用旋转法", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "冠心病患者伴发支气管哮喘时应慎用哪种药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "氨茶碱", "B": "肾上腺皮质激素", "C": "酮替芬", "D": "肾上腺素"}, "answer": "肾上腺素", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,24岁。阵发性心悸3年,突发突止,每次持续0.5~3小时不等,无头晕和黑矇。发作时查体:BP 120/70mmHg,心率140次/分,律齐。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "室性期前收缩", "B": "阵发性室性心动过速", "C": "心房颤动", "D": "阵发性室上性心动过速"}, "answer": "阵发性室上性心动过速", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "初级卫生保健的基础原则不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "社区参与", "B": "预防为主", "C": "推广医学实验技术", "D": "合理分配资源"}, "answer": "推广医学实验技术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "重度子痫前期孕妇于孕晚期出现腹痛伴阴道流血,最可能的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎盘早剥", "B": "子宫破裂", "C": "宫颈癌", "D": "脐带帆状附着血管前置破裂"}, "answer": "胎盘早剥", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.婴儿宜添加富含铁质食物的月龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生后2周", "B": "4个月", "C": "8个月", "D": "12个月"}, "answer": "4个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,30岁,深Ⅱ度烧伤面积10%,Ⅲ度烧伤面积30%,伤后注射止痛针后转院治疗,途中1小时,入院查体:血压70/40mmHg,脉率130次/分。5.切除焦痂后,病人突然寒战、高热、谵语、烦躁、腹胀,白细胞升高,应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "切痂后的毒血症", "B": "切痂后的败血症", "C": "切痂时应用药物的过敏反应", "D": "切痂过多的休克现象"}, "answer": "切痂后的败血症", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5.在T、B细胞相互作用中起重要作用的分子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD4和MHCⅡ类分子结合", "B": "CD8和MHCⅠ类分子结合", "C": "CD40和CD40L结合", "D": "CTLA-4和CD86结合"}, "answer": "CD40和CD40L结合", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,16岁,左小腿上段肿胀疼痛半年,近1个月来肿胀明显,夜间痛明显。查体:左胫骨上端肿胀严重,压痛明显,浅静脉怒张,扪及一6cm×7cm硬性肿块,固定、边界不清。X线片示左胫骨上段呈虫蚀状溶骨性破坏,骨膜反应明显,可见Codman三角。3.最佳治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯放疗", "B": "单纯化疗", "C": "截肢术,术前后化疗", "D": "刮除骨水泥充填术,术前后化疗"}, "answer": "截肢术,术前后化疗", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "韦氏量表诊断智力缺损的临界值是(  )。", "options": {"A": "90~109", "B": "80~89", "C": "70~79", "D": "69以下"}, "answer": "69以下", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于胎方位的描述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "指胎儿头部与母体骨盆的关系", "B": "指母体纵轴与胎儿纵轴的关系", "C": "指胎儿先露部指示点与母体骨盆的关系", "D": "指最先进入母体骨盆入口的胎儿部分"}, "answer": "指胎儿先露部指示点与母体骨盆的关系", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在健康信念模式中,促进个体行为改变的关键事件和暗示称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "对疾病易感性的认识", "B": "行为能力", "C": "对疾病严重性的认识", "D": "行为线索"}, "answer": "对疾病严重性的认识", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于第一和第二心音的判定,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "S1音调较S2低", "B": "S1至S2的距离较S2至下一心搏S1的距离短", "C": "桡动脉的向外搏动与S1同步或几乎同步", "D": "S1时限较S2长"}, "answer": "桡动脉的向外搏动与S1同步或几乎同步", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "参与Ⅰ型超敏反应的效应细胞(  )。", "options": {"A": "肥大细胞", "B": "B1细胞", "C": "巨噬细胞", "D": "NKT细胞"}, "answer": "肥大细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "cAMP对转录进行调控,必须先与(  )。", "options": {"A": "CAP结合,形成cAMP-CAP复合物", "B": "受体结合", "C": "G蛋白结合", "D": "操纵基因结合"}, "answer": "CAP结合,形成cAMP-CAP复合物", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肝脏Glisson纤维鞘内包裹的管道有(  )。", "options": {"A": "门静脉、肝动脉、胆总管", "B": "门静脉、肝动脉、肝静脉", "C": "门静脉、肝动脉、肝胆管", "D": "肝静脉、肝胆管、门静脉"}, "answer": "门静脉、肝动脉、肝胆管", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "胸膜摩擦音听诊的时相特点为(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸气初期", "B": "吸气中期", "C": "呼气期", "D": "呼吸两相"}, "answer": "呼吸两相", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "26岁初孕妇,足月,规律宫缩12小时,自然破膜9小时,宫口开大3cm,胎心110次/分,胎心监护有多个晚期减速出现。此时最恰当的处置是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸氧,严密观察产程进展", "B": "急查尿雌激素/肌酐比值", "C": "静脉注射25%葡萄糖液内加维生素C", "D": "立即行剖宫产术"}, "answer": "立即行剖宫产术", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.属于磷酸戊糖通路的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶", "B": "苹果酸脱氢酶", "C": "丙酮酸脱氢酶", "D": "NADH脱氢酶"}, "answer": "6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "初产妇,足月妊娠,临产8小时,一夜未眠,自觉腹痛剧烈,要求剖宫产。产科检查:宫缩不强,但间歇期不能完全放松,胎心150次/min。正确的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小剂量缩宫素静脉滴注,增强宫缩", "B": "人工破膜", "C": "给予镇静剂休息", "D": "剖宫产"}, "answer": "给予镇静剂休息", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,70岁。间断咳嗽30余年,加重伴意识障碍2天入院。查体:T 38.0℃,P 102次/分,R 21次/分,BP 120/80mmHg,烦躁不安,球结膜充血水肿,口唇发绀。桶状胸,双肺可闻及哮鸣音。双下肺少量湿性啰音。2.该患者禁忌使用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "地西泮", "B": "氨茶碱", "C": "地塞米松", "D": "头孢曲松"}, "answer": "地西泮", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于抑制性突触后电位产生过程的描述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "突触前轴突末梢去极化", "B": "突触小泡释放递质,并与突触后膜受体结合", "C": "突触后膜对Cl-或K+的通透性升高", "D": "突触后膜膜电位增大,引起突触后神经元发放冲动"}, "answer": "突触后膜膜电位增大,引起突触后神经元发放冲动", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于核蛋白体的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "由rRNA和数十种蛋白质组成", "B": "是蛋白质合成的场所", "C": "一个mRNA上可附着多个核蛋白体", "D": "在细胞核内发挥作用"}, "answer": "在细胞核内发挥作用", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,30岁,约1年时间孤僻、寡言,近期由于被上级批评后出现失眠,不上班并紧闭门窗,声称有人监视自己,在家中不敢谈话,说家中已被安装窃听器,公安局也要逮捕自己,不吃妻子做的饭食,认为妻子已同他人合伙在饭菜中放了毒药。因此殴打妻子。2.治疗应首选的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙米嗪", "B": "利培酮", "C": "氯硝西泮", "D": "氯米帕明(氯丙米嗪)"}, "answer": "利培酮", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿贫血诊断标准错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿血红蛋白值<145g/L", "B": "6个月~6岁血红蛋白值<100g/L", "C": "6岁~14岁血红蛋白值<120g/L", "D": "4~6个月血红蛋白值<100g/L"}, "answer": "6个月~6岁血红蛋白值<100g/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肠易激综合征的症状特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹痛、腹胀等症状与排便无若", "B": "病史较长者会出现营养不良", "C": "精神紧张者可使症状加重", "D": "夜间入睡后仍会出现腹泻"}, "answer": "精神紧张者可使症状加重", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,47岁。交通事故导致右肘关节上方被车轮压伤2小时,剧痛,出血较多。查体:P 96次/分,BP 88/60mmHg,神志清楚。右肘窝伤口已加压包扎,敷料鲜血渗透,桡动脉搏动消失。1.该患者送入医院,进行处理时首先应(  )。", "options": {"A": "指压法压迫患肢肱动脉止血", "B": "用止血带绕扎上臂止血", "C": "用细绳索捆扎上臂止血", "D": "再加压包扎伤口"}, "answer": "用止血带绕扎上臂止血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "吗啡对中枢神经系统的作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "镇痛、镇静、镇咳、呼吸兴奋", "B": "镇痛、镇静、镇咳、缩瞳、致吐", "C": "镇痛、镇静、催眠、呼吸抑制、止吐", "D": "镇痛、镇静、扩瞳、呼吸抑制"}, "answer": "镇痛、镇静、镇咳、缩瞳、致吐", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列情形中,属于三级医疗事故的是造成病员(  )。", "options": {"A": "残废或者严重功能障碍", "B": "残废或者功能障碍", "C": "残废", "D": "严重残废或者严重功能障碍"}, "answer": "残废或者功能障碍", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "《希波克拉底誓言》中提出的医德根本原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "为病家谋利益", "B": "不为妇人施堕胎手术", "C": "平等对待患者", "D": "不伤害病人"}, "answer": "为病家谋利益", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "青霉素G最适于治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎杆菌性肺炎", "B": "布氏杆菌病", "C": "溶血性链球菌感染", "D": "细菌性痢疾"}, "answer": "溶血性链球菌感染", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "甲状腺功能亢进症最常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "碘甲亢", "B": "甲状腺炎伴甲亢", "C": "自主性高功能甲状腺结节", "D": "毒性弥漫性甲状腺肿"}, "answer": "毒性弥漫性甲状腺肿", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,25岁。牙龈出血1周,骨髓细胞学检查:增生极度活跃,原始淋巴细胞占0.72,行VDLP方案化疗14天后体温37.4℃,复查血常规:Hb 75g/L。WBC 1.4×109/L,分类N 0.10,L 0.90,PLT 30×109/L。目前首选的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "输注悬浮红细胞", "B": "输注新鲜血浆", "C": "输入浓缩血小板", "D": "皮下注射G-CSF"}, "answer": "皮下注射G-CSF", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,70岁。服用氟桂利嗪3个月后出现动作徐缓,僵硬,手部震颤,跌倒一次。美多巴治疗无效。查体:智能正常,面具脸,四肢肌力正常,肌张力高。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血管性帕金森综合症", "B": "帕金森叠加综合症", "C": "药物性帕金森综合症", "D": "外伤性帕金森综合症"}, "answer": "药物性帕金森综合症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "食入未经消毒的羊奶,最有可能引起的病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核病", "B": "波浪热", "C": "肉毒中毒", "D": "伤寒"}, "answer": "波浪热", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,44岁。肝区疼痛2个月。呈持续性钝痛,放射至右肩背部,消瘦、乏力。查体:巩膜无黄染,肝肋下3cm,质地稍硬,有结节感。AFP 800μg/L,B超示肝右叶8cm×6cm占位病变,向外生长,周边血流量增强,门静脉正常。最理想的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肿瘤切除加放疗", "B": "根治性肝切除术", "C": "肝动脉化疗栓塞", "D": "局部射频治疗"}, "answer": "根治性肝切除术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,55岁。左下肢麻痛3年,间歇性跛行1年,左下肢疼痛逐渐加重,夜间疼痛更甚。吸烟史30年。查体:屈膝位,左小腿皮温较对侧降低,左侧足背动脉搏动消失。对该患者有助于诊断的试验是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Perthes试验", "B": "Buerger试验", "C": "Pratt试验", "D": "Homans试验"}, "answer": "Buerger试验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.病毒性心肌炎与哪项有关?(  )", "options": {"A": "柯萨奇病毒A型", "B": "柯萨奇病毒B型", "C": "单纯疱疹病毒", "D": "无正确选项"}, "answer": "柯萨奇病毒A型", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.参与生理止血多个环节的细胞为(  )。", "options": {"A": "中性粒细胞", "B": "嗜酸粒细胞", "C": "淋巴细胞", "D": "血小板"}, "answer": "血小板", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于硝普钠,哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "适用于治疗高血压危象和高血压脑病", "B": "对小动脉和小静脉有同等的舒张作用", "C": "连续应用数日后体内可能有SCN-蓄积", "D": "降压作用迅速而持久"}, "answer": "降压作用迅速而持久", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心室肌细胞动作电位3期复极是因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "K+外流", "B": "Na+内流", "C": "Cl-内流", "D": "K+内流"}, "answer": "K+外流", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "月经周期长短取决于(  )。", "options": {"A": "白体寿命长短", "B": "增生期长短", "C": "分泌期长短", "D": "月经期长短"}, "answer": "增生期长短", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "人类的MHC定位的染色体(  )。", "options": {"A": "第17号染色体", "B": "第2号染色体", "C": "第6号染色体", "D": "第9号染色体"}, "answer": "第6号染色体", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.人体实验是(  )。", "options": {"A": "以病人作为受试对象的实验", "B": "以人作为受试对象的实验", "C": "人体实验时必须要做到真正的知情同意", "D": "保障受试者身心安全"}, "answer": "以人作为受试对象的实验", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性肾炎治疗主要目的不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "防止肾功能进行性恶化", "B": "改善或缓解临床症状", "C": "防治严重并发症", "D": "消除尿蛋白及血尿"}, "answer": "消除尿蛋白及血尿", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿造血分哪两个阶段?(  )", "options": {"A": "胚胎期造血和生后造血", "B": "胚胎期造血和骨髓造血期", "C": "骨髓造血期和骨髓外造血", "D": "中胚叶造血期和骨髓造血期"}, "answer": "胚胎期造血和生后造血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于子宫韧带的解剖,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "圆韧带起于子宫角,止于腹股沟", "B": "子宫动静脉从阔韧带上部穿过", "C": "主韧带横行于宫颈两侧和骨盆侧壁之间", "D": "卵巢固有韧带使子宫倾向后方"}, "answer": "主韧带横行于宫颈两侧和骨盆侧壁之间", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,47岁,右臂红肿热痛1周,发热38.9℃,红肿局限,近2天来寒战,高热40.5℃。查血常规示白细胞20.3×109/L,中性粒细胞0.9,血培养阳性。考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "革兰阴性细菌所致全身性感染", "B": "真菌所致全身性感染", "C": "革兰阳性细菌所致全身性感染", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "革兰阳性细菌所致全身性感染", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "我国肾综合征出血热的主要传染源为(  )。", "options": {"A": "小家鼠", "B": "黑家鼠", "C": "棕背鼠", "D": "黑线姬鼠"}, "answer": "黑线姬鼠", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,38岁。接触性出血1个月余,白带有恶臭。妇科检查:宫颈Ⅱ度糜烂,前唇有5cm×3cm质地脆赘生物,易出血。子宫正常大,三合诊(-)。4.该患者最适宜的治疗方法为(  )。", "options": {"A": "放射治疗", "B": "宫颈锥切术", "C": "次广泛性子宫切除术加盆腔淋巴结切除术", "D": "广泛性子宫切除术加盆腔淋巴结切除术"}, "answer": "广泛性子宫切除术加盆腔淋巴结切除术", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "输卵管绝育术的原理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "杀灭精子", "B": "降低精子存活率", "C": "阻止精子与卵子相遇", "D": "抑制排卵"}, "answer": "阻止精子与卵子相遇", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.促胰岛素分泌的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "泼尼松龙", "B": "泼尼松", "C": "胰岛素", "D": "氯磺丙脲"}, "answer": "氯磺丙脲", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,45岁,不规则流血2月,出血量不多。妇科检查可见子宫增大,稍软。B超示子宫增大,宫腔内实质不均匀回声区,形态不规则,宫腔线消失。下列叙述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "最有可能的诊断是宫颈癌", "B": "分段刮宫是最可靠的诊断方法", "C": "原发性输卵管癌可能性小", "D": "临床上与绝经过渡期功血难以鉴别,应先行分段刮宫,确诊后再对症处理"}, "answer": "最有可能的诊断是宫颈癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "抑制体内环氧化酶活性的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡托普利", "B": "施慧达", "C": "雷尼替丁", "D": "阿司匹林"}, "answer": "阿司匹林", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "人们用符号、定理、定律来演算题目,属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "语词逻辑思维", "B": "具体形象思维", "C": "聚合思维", "D": "发散思维"}, "answer": "语词逻辑思维", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.肩关节检查(  )。", "options": {"A": "Lindner试验", "B": "Dugas征", "C": "PivotShifttEst", "D": "Gaenslen征"}, "answer": "Dugas征", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男孩,1.5岁,已发热、咳嗽1周,近3天气促、喘息加重。查体:面色苍白,烦躁,双肺听诊闻及中小水泡音。病史中曾有过皮肤脓疱疹。血象:白细胞19×199/L,分叶粒细胞占0.9,淋巴细胞占0.1。3.该患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "B": "呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎", "C": "腺病毒肺炎", "D": "肺炎链球菌肺炎"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不能用于判断急性心肌梗死后溶栓成功的临床指标为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸痛缓解", "B": "心电图示ST段下降", "C": "频发的室性期前收缩", "D": "窦性心动过速"}, "answer": "窦性心动过速", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "脾切除术后引起凶险性感染的病原菌主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "B": "大肠杆菌", "C": "肺炎球菌", "D": "草绿色链球菌"}, "answer": "肺炎球菌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于雷尼替丁的描述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制胃酸分泌作用比西米替丁强", "B": "是H2受体阻断药", "C": "也能中和胃酸,减轻对溃疡面的刺激", "D": "对基础胃酸和夜间胃酸分泌都抑制"}, "answer": "也能中和胃酸,减轻对溃疡面的刺激", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,55岁。自述间歇、无痛性肉眼血尿3个月来门诊就诊。查体:一般状态好,轻度贫血貌,双肾未触及,膀胱区叩诊清音。2.该病例首选的简便检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B型超声", "B": "CT", "C": "MRI", "D": "腹部平片"}, "answer": "B型超声", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于戒断症状的描述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "停止或减少成瘾物质使用后产生的特殊心理症候群", "B": "停止或减少成瘾物质使用后产生的特殊生理症候群", "C": "精神活性物质的戒断症候群表现基本一致", "D": "其机制是长期用药后,突然停药引起的适应性反跳"}, "answer": "其机制是长期用药后,突然停药引起的适应性反跳", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "反映肝纤维化的血清学指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆固醇", "B": "乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)", "C": "透明质酸(HA)", "D": "胆汁酸"}, "answer": "透明质酸(HA)", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "何时做头部CT检查,诊断脑梗死阳性率较高?(  )", "options": {"A": "发病12小时以后", "B": "发病6小时以后", "C": "发病48小时以后", "D": "发病1周以后"}, "answer": "发病48小时以后", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对慢性失眠症的治疗,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "强调定时作息", "B": "入夜后避免用浓茶、咖啡", "C": "应该躺着阅读书刊", "D": "尽量改善周围环境"}, "answer": "应该躺着阅读书刊", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "正常人心率超过180次/分时,心排血量减少的原因主要是因为哪一时相缩短?(  )", "options": {"A": "快速充盈期", "B": "减慢射血期", "C": "等容收缩期", "D": "减慢充盈期"}, "answer": "快速充盈期", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有一种可水解脱氧核糖核酸的酶,对线性DNA分子的两端无作用,而对内部的特异核苷酸序列能起切割作用。这种核酸酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "限制性外切核酸酶", "B": "限制性内切核酸酶", "C": "非限制性内切核酸酶", "D": "DNA酶(DNase)"}, "answer": "限制性内切核酸酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性化脓性脑膜炎与病毒性脑膜炎在脑脊液检查中根本区别是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑脊液细胞数", "B": "蛋白增高程度", "C": "脑脊液透明度", "D": "糖和氯化物定量"}, "answer": "脑脊液细胞数", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.对医疗事故技术鉴定委员会所作的结论不服的,病员及其家属和医疗单位在接到结论之日起,可以申请重新鉴定的期限要求是(  )。", "options": {"A": "48小时内", "B": "15日内", "C": "30日内", "D": "45日内"}, "answer": "15日内", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.半效杀菌药,能杀灭在酸性环境中细胞内结核菌及干酪病灶内代谢缓慢的结核菌(  )。", "options": {"A": "异炯肼", "B": "链霉素", "C": "吡嗪酰胺", "D": "乙胺乙醇"}, "answer": "吡嗪酰胺", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "外伤性颅内血肿形成后,其严重性在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "血肿位于白质深部", "B": "由对冲性脑损伤所致广泛的额颞部受累", "C": "脑膜中动脉受损,出血速度快", "D": "引起颅内压增高而导致脑疝"}, "answer": "引起颅内压增高而导致脑疝", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "针对新生儿败血症病原菌的治疗,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "药敏结果示所选药物属不敏感者,虽临床疗效好也应换药", "B": "开始用药宜选静脉途径", "C": "一般疗程7~14天", "D": "新生儿7天前和7天后用药剂量不同"}, "answer": "药敏结果示所选药物属不敏感者,虽临床疗效好也应换药", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在实施三级预防时,重点在第一级预防,同时兼顾第二、三级预防的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "流行性感冒", "B": "食物中毒", "C": "冠心病", "D": "肺炎"}, "answer": "冠心病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.葡萄球菌肺炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "喘憋为突出表现", "B": "常见猩红热样或荨麻疹样皮疹", "C": "全身中毒症状明显,重者意识障碍甚至休克", "D": "刺激性咳嗽为突出表现"}, "answer": "常见猩红热样或荨麻疹样皮疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "木工,男性,38岁,工作中右手示指被电锯切割离断。立即将病人送到医院行断指再植。其断指的保存方法应该是用无菌纱布包好放在(  )。", "options": {"A": "生理盐水中", "B": "乙醇中", "C": "苯扎溴铵(新洁尔灭)中", "D": "干燥冷藏容器中"}, "answer": "干燥冷藏容器中", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.实验法(  )。", "options": {"A": "能操纵自变量,能控制因变量", "B": "不能操纵自变量,能控制因变量", "C": "不能操纵自变量,不能控制因变量", "D": "不能影响自变量和因变量"}, "answer": "能操纵自变量,能控制因变量", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不属于甘油磷脂的组成成分的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脂肪酸", "B": "胆固醇", "C": "磷酸", "D": "含氮化合物"}, "answer": "胆固醇", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肠道内在神经系统的不正确叙述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "包括粘膜下神经丛和肌间神经丛", "B": "含有无数的神经元和神经纤维", "C": "外来神经进入胃肠壁后,通常不与内在神经元发生突触联系", "D": "是一个完整的相对独立的系统"}, "answer": "外来神经进入胃肠壁后,通常不与内在神经元发生突触联系", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.穿透力极强,在骨和关节中浓度高(  )。", "options": {"A": "林可霉素", "B": "吉他霉素", "C": "古霉素", "D": "多黏菌素"}, "answer": "林可霉素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿体重10kg,腹泻后精神委靡,皮肤弹性差,四肢稍凉,尿量明显减少,二氧化碳结合力(CO2CP)为11.2mmol/L,选用下列哪一种混合液最恰当(混合液组成按着生理盐水:5%葡萄糖:1.4%碳酸氢钠或1.87%乳酸钠配剂)?(  )", "options": {"A": "2:3:1液", "B": "3:3:1液", "C": "2:2:1液", "D": "2:6:1液"}, "answer": "2:3:1液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,4岁,发热、呕吐半月,间断抽搐5天。颈强(+),克氏征阴性。脑脊液:白细胞480×106/L,淋巴细胞占0.8,中性粒细胞占0.2,糖1.2mmol/L,氯化物95mmol/L。诊断为结核性脑膜炎,治疗应选(  )。", "options": {"A": "异烟肼+利福平+泼尼松", "B": "异烟肼+利福平+链霉素", "C": "异烟肼+利福平+链霉素+泼尼松", "D": "异烟肼+利福平+链霉素+吡嗪酰胺+泼尼松"}, "answer": "异烟肼+利福平+链霉素+吡嗪酰胺+泼尼松", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "精神分裂症偏执型的妄想主题常为(  )。", "options": {"A": "被害妄想", "B": "夸大妄想", "C": "自罪妄想", "D": "钟情妄想"}, "answer": "被害妄想", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,58岁。3年前曾行直肠癌根治术,近3个月右上腹部及背部胀痛,无发热,大便正常。查体:锁骨上未触及肿大淋巴结,腹平软,未触及肿物,肝肋下未触及。实验室检查:血WBC 10×109/L,AFP无升高。腹部B超示:肝右叶多个实性占位,最大直径约3cm。首先应考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿米巴性肝脓肿", "B": "多发肝囊肿", "C": "原发性肝癌", "D": "肝转移癌"}, "answer": "肝转移癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "THI细胞分泌(  )。", "options": {"A": "IFNγ", "B": "IL-4", "C": "IL-6", "D": "IL-10"}, "answer": "IFNγ", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列关于股骨干骨折的描述哪一个是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "查体时需测出骨擦音才能确定有骨折", "B": "超过3岁的儿童均可采用垂直悬吊牵引", "C": "不超过3岁的儿童均可采用垂直悬吊牵引", "D": "产伤引起的新生儿股骨干骨折均须手术治疗"}, "answer": "不超过3岁的儿童均可采用垂直悬吊牵引", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肾癌典型的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消瘦、肿块和疼痛", "B": "高血压、肿块和疼痛", "C": "血尿、肿块和疼痛", "D": "发热、肿块和疼痛"}, "answer": "血尿、肿块和疼痛", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "中度酸中毒的标准为(  )。", "options": {"A": "<5mmol/L", "B": "5~9mmol/L", "C": "9~13mmol/L", "D": "13~17mmol/L"}, "answer": "9~13mmol/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.支气管扩张的X线表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "气囊影的位置和形态易变", "B": "多发性蜂窝状脓肿,叶间隙下坠", "C": "纵切面可显示为“双轨征”,横切面显示“环形阴影”", "D": "大小不等、密度不同和分布不均的结节影"}, "answer": "纵切面可显示为“双轨征”,横切面显示“环形阴影”", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "重度脱水的主要诊断依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "前囟和眼窝明显凹陷", "B": "黏膜干燥,皮肤弹性极差", "C": "周围循环障碍", "D": "精神萎靡或烦躁不安"}, "answer": "周围循环障碍", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "卵巢表面的组织为(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹膜", "B": "卵巢白膜", "C": "卵巢皮质", "D": "生发上皮"}, "answer": "生发上皮", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,68岁。阵发性腹痛1年,自觉有“气块”在腹中窜动,起初大便次数增加,近3个月腹胀、便秘,近3天无肛门排气、排便,呕吐物有粪便臭味,一直感乏力和低热。2.该患者引起梗阻的病因最可能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肿瘤", "B": "肠系膜血栓", "C": "炎性粘连", "D": "粘连带"}, "answer": "肿瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于超抗原的性质,哪项是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "无需APC加工可直接与MHC-Ⅱ分子结合", "B": "有严格的MHC限制性", "C": "内源性抗原存在于所有哺乳动物体内", "D": "一种超抗原只可活化少数T细胞克隆"}, "answer": "无需APC加工可直接与MHC-Ⅱ分子结合", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "初孕妇,25岁,妊娠31周。从妊娠29周起反复3次阴道流血,量少,无腹痛,再次阴道流血同月经量。查体:P 88次/分,BP 110/70/mmHg,子宫软,无宫缩,枕左前位,胎头高浮,胎心率130次/分。2.应进行的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "测定血雌三醇值", "B": "血常规及尿常规", "C": "B超检查", "D": "肛查判断宫颈是否扩张"}, "answer": "B超检查", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,20岁。高空坠落,下腹部疼痛。骨盆分离和挤压试验阳性,会阴部瘀血。首先应考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "髂关节脱位", "B": "尾骨骨折", "C": "耻骨骨折", "D": "腰椎骨折"}, "answer": "耻骨骨折", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哺乳期妇女避孕应在产后(  )。", "options": {"A": "6周", "B": "8周", "C": "10周", "D": "14周"}, "answer": "6周", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,62岁。左胸痛5天,胸闷、气促2天。查体:双下肺呼吸音粗,心率108/次分,P2>A2,胸部X线片示左下肺透亮度增加。对明确诊断最有价值的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CT肺动脉造影(CTPA)", "B": "胸部高分辨CT", "C": "血D-二聚体", "D": "超声心动图"}, "answer": "CT肺动脉造影(CTPA)", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "最常见的早期输血并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌污染反应", "B": "发热反应", "C": "溶血反应", "D": "出血倾向"}, "answer": "发热反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男性,1岁,因化脓性脑膜炎住院治疗,按正规治疗1周,体温正常3天,精神转好。1天来发热、呕吐,哭闹不止,前囟紧张,考虑出现了(  )。", "options": {"A": "并发“上呼吸道感染”", "B": "并发硬膜下积液", "C": "化脑恶化", "D": "并发急性胃肠炎"}, "answer": "并发硬膜下积液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.既产生体液免疫,又产生细胞免疫的预防接种制剂是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清抗-HAV IgM", "B": "甲型肝炎灭活疫苗", "C": "甲型肝炎减毒活疫苗", "D": "人血清丙种球蛋白或胎盘球蛋白"}, "answer": "甲型肝炎减毒活疫苗", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医学会在收到医疗事故双方当事人的材料后,经书面陈述及答辩之后,出具鉴定书的期限应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "10天内", "B": "15天内", "C": "30天内", "D": "45天内"}, "answer": "45天内", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "孕妇,37岁。G2P1,2年前顺产1男婴,确诊为21-三体综合征,本次自然受孕,现孕16周,咨询唐氏筛查事宜,对其合理的建议为(  )。", "options": {"A": "行孕早期,孕中期联合唐氏筛查", "B": "20~24周B超筛查有无唐氏儿可能", "C": "羊膜腔穿刺性染色体检查", "D": "行孕中期唐氏筛查"}, "answer": "行孕中期唐氏筛查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "孙某开办了一个体诊所,为附近的居民进行诊治,后来他因某事而被判处了有期徒刑,人们猜测出几种可能的原因,其中可以得到卫生法律理论支持的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "孙某逾期不校验《医疗机构执业许可证》仍从事诊疗活动", "B": "孙某开办的诊所并未取得《医疗机构执业许可证》,经其诊治的患者中有多人出现严重不良反应", "C": "孙某应患者的要求,给其开具虚假医疗证明", "D": "孙某雇佣了不懂医术的赵某帮助其治疗病人"}, "answer": "孙某开办的诊所并未取得《医疗机构执业许可证》,经其诊治的患者中有多人出现严重不良反应", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "脑出血最常见的出血血管是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小脑的齿状核动脉", "B": "基底动脉的旁正中动脉", "C": "大脑中动脉的豆纹动脉", "D": "前交通动脉"}, "answer": "大脑中动脉的豆纹动脉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "结核性脑膜炎早期的主要症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头痛", "B": "发热", "C": "性格改变", "D": "呕吐"}, "answer": "性格改变", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.由因到果的研究属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "诊断试验", "B": "队列研究", "C": "筛检", "D": "病例对照研究"}, "answer": "队列研究", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "Babinski征典型表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "拇趾背屈,其他各趾向外呈扇形展开", "B": "五趾均背屈", "C": "躅趾跖屈,其他各趾向外扇形分开", "D": "五趾均跖屈"}, "answer": "拇趾背屈,其他各趾向外呈扇形展开", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.患者出现不可自控的反复数建筑的玻璃,若出现漏数,会重新计数,此症状属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "强迫观念", "B": "强迫行为", "C": "惊恐障碍", "D": "被害妄想"}, "answer": "强迫行为", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某医师,在去年8月至今年6月的执业活动中,为了从个体推销商手中得到好处,多次使用未经批准的药品和消毒药剂,累计获得回扣8205元。根据《执业医师法》的规定,应当依法给予该医师的行政处罚是(  )。", "options": {"A": "责令暂停9个月执业活动", "B": "罚款1万元", "C": "吊销执业证书", "D": "没收非法所得"}, "answer": "吊销执业证书", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.上述哪项能抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶?(  )", "options": {"A": "阿糖胞苷", "B": "别嘌呤醇", "C": "6-巯基嘌呤", "D": "8-氮杂鸟嘌呤"}, "answer": "别嘌呤醇", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不属于急性肾炎实验室检查的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "常有轻度贫血", "B": "尿沉渣镜检均有红细胞增多", "C": "ASO滴度与肾炎严重程度呈正相关", "D": "总补体及C3补体于起病2周内明显下降"}, "answer": "ASO滴度与肾炎严重程度呈正相关", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某患者长年咳嗽,咳白色黏痰,冬天加重,该患者可能患有(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺癌", "B": "慢性支气管炎", "C": "肺结核", "D": "小叶性肺炎"}, "answer": "慢性支气管炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿体格发育的两个高峰期是(  )。", "options": {"A": "学龄前期、学龄期", "B": "幼儿期、青春期", "C": "婴儿期、青春期", "D": "新生儿期、学龄期"}, "answer": "婴儿期、青春期", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,40岁,因发热,便秘,食欲不振12天入院,查体:肝大,肋下1cm,软,脾肋下及边,血常规WBC 2.7×109/L,中性粒细胞52%,淋巴细胞44%,血清ALT 120U/L,肥达反应:“O”1:160,“H”1:160。3.病原治疗最合适的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "环丙沙星", "B": "复方新诺明", "C": "青霉素", "D": "红霉素"}, "answer": "环丙沙星", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,21岁,舞蹈演员。8个月前,因同事偶尔说了句“最近胖了”遂采取各种措施节食,家人劝阻时,以食欲不佳等理由拒绝进餐,体重由以往54kg降至32kg(身高1.65m),近3个月来出现闭经,体检见皮肤干燥、苍白,形体消瘦,严重营养不良。2.宜行哪种治疗方案?(  )", "options": {"A": "静脉高能", "B": "补充维生素类", "C": "认知治疗", "D": "心理治疗、营养支持治疗及适量精神药品"}, "answer": "心理治疗、营养支持治疗及适量精神药品", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "日本血吸虫的中间宿主是(  )。", "options": {"A": "豆螺", "B": "钉螺", "C": "沼螺", "D": "扁卷螺"}, "answer": "钉螺", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在局部黏膜免疫中发挥重要作用的免疫球蛋白是(  )。", "options": {"A": "sIgA", "B": "IgG", "C": "IgE", "D": "IgM"}, "answer": "sIgA", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肾综合征出血热早期出血的原因主要为(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿毒症所致凝血障碍", "B": "弥散性血管内凝血", "C": "肝素类物质增加", "D": "血管脆性增加及血小板减少"}, "answer": "血管脆性增加及血小板减少", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心绞痛发作时疼痛的典型部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左臂内侧", "B": "心前区", "C": "左肩部", "D": "胸骨后"}, "answer": "胸骨后", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪一项结果不符合溶血性贫血?(  )", "options": {"A": "红细胞减少,网织红细胞数明显增高", "B": "红细胞形态可正常,而寿命缩短", "C": "骨髓内幼红细胞明显减少", "D": "血中胆红素,黄疸指数增高而肝功能正常"}, "answer": "骨髓内幼红细胞明显减少", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪一项不是单克隆免疫球蛋白增高的常见原因?(  )", "options": {"A": "骨孤立性浆细胞瘤", "B": "重链病", "C": "慢性活动性肝炎", "D": "淋巴瘤"}, "answer": "慢性活动性肝炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,30岁,半小时前从高处坠下,右股骨下端肿痛,腹部疼痛。查体:神志淡漠,股骨下端有成角畸形。1.该患应首先检查哪一项?(  )", "options": {"A": "右股骨下端有无骨擦音", "B": "右股骨下端有无反常活动", "C": "生命体征的检查", "D": "检查有无足背动脉搏动"}, "answer": "生命体征的检查", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.属于DNA病毒的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HAV", "B": "HBV", "C": "HCV", "D": "HEV"}, "answer": "HBV", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "周期性瘫痪病人反复发作,其间歇期的肌力多数为(  )。", "options": {"A": "明显减退", "B": "减退伴肌肉明显萎缩", "C": "正常", "D": "正常伴感觉减退"}, "answer": "正常", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.肾小球滤过率和肾血浆流量的比值称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "滤过分数", "B": "血浆清除率", "C": "球—管平衡", "D": "肾血流量自身调节"}, "answer": "滤过分数", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "副作用为小脑共济失调的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿糖胞苷", "B": "泼尼松", "C": "甲氨蝶呤", "D": "柔红霉素"}, "answer": "阿糖胞苷", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "神经垂体贮存的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "促甲状腺激素", "B": "抗利尿激素", "C": "生长激素", "D": "促肾上腺皮质激素"}, "answer": "抗利尿激素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,45岁。1天前感冒后出现发热,全身无力、厌食、腹泻,既往Sheehan综合征15年。口服泼尼松5mg/d治疗,查体:T 38.1℃,BP 82/40mmHg,神志淡漠,肺部听诊未见异常,心率92次/分,FBG(空腹血糖)3.3mmol/L,目前最有效的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉补液治疗", "B": "静脉注射葡萄糖", "C": "静脉注射氢化可的松", "D": "口服泼尼松增加剂量"}, "answer": "静脉注射葡萄糖", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,20岁,原发性肾病综合征患者,首次治疗,每日用泼尼松龙60mg,3周后尿蛋白仍为(+),此时应(  )。", "options": {"A": "改为地塞米松", "B": "将泼尼松龙加量到80mg/d", "C": "用原量继续观察", "D": "减少泼尼松龙量到40mg/d,加用免疫抑制剂"}, "answer": "将泼尼松龙加量到80mg/d", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "成人胸,腹,会阴,和两侧大腿前侧烧伤时,烧伤的面积估计是(  )。", "options": {"A": "25%", "B": "30%", "C": "32%", "D": "34%"}, "answer": "25%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医务人员职业要求其情绪主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "积极而稳定", "B": "心境平和", "C": "爱憎分明", "D": "悲喜有节制"}, "answer": "积极而稳定", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.生成酮体的中间反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙酰CoA缩合", "B": "糖原分解", "C": "黄嘌呤氧化", "D": "糖原合成"}, "answer": "乙酰CoA缩合", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "血液中CO2浓度对呼吸的调节主要是通过(  )。", "options": {"A": "刺激延髓腹外侧浅表部位", "B": "直接刺激呼吸中枢", "C": "刺澈脑桥调整中枢", "D": "牵张反射"}, "answer": "刺激延髓腹外侧浅表部位", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,8岁,畏寒、高热、头痛、呕吐8h于3月2日急诊来院。查体:体温40.2 ℃,皮肤见散在瘀点、瘀斑,外周血白细胞32.5×109/L,中性粒细胞0.91,淋巴细胞0.09。初步诊断为流行性脑脊髓膜炎。4.对其密切接触者的药物预防以下列哪药物为主?(  )", "options": {"A": "复方新诺明", "B": "氯霉素", "C": "四环素", "D": "强力霉素"}, "answer": "复方新诺明", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪种病变发生纤维素样坏死?(  )", "options": {"A": "良性高血压", "B": "甲状腺功能低下", "C": "巨细胞性动脉炎", "D": "系统性红斑狼疮"}, "answer": "系统性红斑狼疮", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "甾体激素避孕药的避孕机制不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "影响输卵管生理功能", "B": "改变宫颈黏液的性状", "C": "抑制排卵", "D": "阻止精子与卵子的结合"}, "answer": "阻止精子与卵子的结合", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "霍乱患者出现剧烈腹泻是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "霍乱弧菌对小肠上皮的侵袭破坏", "B": "霍乱弧菌大量繁殖所致肠功能紊乱", "C": "霍乱弧菌内毒素引起的小肠过度分泌", "D": "霍乱肠毒素引起的小肠过度分泌"}, "answer": "霍乱肠毒素引起的小肠过度分泌", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "与活动有关的血尿和腰、腹疼痛,首先应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性阑尾炎", "B": "急性肾盂肾炎", "C": "上尿路结石", "D": "卵巢囊肿扭转"}, "answer": "上尿路结石", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "孕妇于某经产前检查,诊断出胎儿有严重缺陷。1.做出这一诊断的行为属于医疗保健机构为育龄妇女和孕产妇提供的孕产期保健服务活动中的(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎儿保健", "B": "孕妇、产妇保健", "C": "新生儿保健", "D": "母婴健康检查"}, "answer": "孕妇、产妇保健", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "DNA复制中,DNA片段TAGCAT的互补结构是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ATCGATA", "B": "TAGCAT", "C": "ATGCTA", "D": "AUCGUA"}, "answer": "ATGCTA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是医学伦理学中最古老、最有生命力的医德范畴?(  )", "options": {"A": "医疗保密", "B": "医疗荣誉", "C": "医疗公正", "D": "医疗义务"}, "answer": "医疗保密", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "婴儿,1个月,体格检查发现左侧心前区有Ⅲ~Ⅳ级收缩期粗糙杂音,以后经多方面检查确诊为室间隔缺损。缺损自然闭合一般发生在(  )。", "options": {"A": "生后5个月内", "B": "生后3个月内", "C": "生后6个月内", "D": "5岁以下"}, "answer": "5岁以下", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列属于精神分析的常用方法的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "系统脱敏", "B": "厌恶疗法", "C": "生物反馈疗法", "D": "自由联想"}, "answer": "自由联想", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性化脓性骨髓炎,如大部分病灶已愈合,只有小块死骨存在,死骨不大的应采取哪一种治疗方法?(  )", "options": {"A": "单纯死骨摘除术", "B": "切开引流术", "C": "大量抗生素应用", "D": "死骨摘除窦道刮除碟形手术"}, "answer": "死骨摘除窦道刮除碟形手术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "锁骨上淋巴结转移癌的原发部位最常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺", "B": "乳腺", "C": "胃", "D": "肝脏"}, "answer": "胃", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "磺酰脲类药物药理作用为(  )。", "options": {"A": "可使电压依赖性钾通道开放", "B": "可促进胰岛素释放而降血糖", "C": "不改变体内胰高血糖素水平", "D": "可使电压依赖性钠通道开放"}, "answer": "可促进胰岛素释放而降血糖", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.体液是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞内液", "B": "细胞外液", "C": "细胞外液和细胞内液", "D": "血浆"}, "answer": "细胞外液和细胞内液", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,29岁。间断腹痛、腹泻、黏液血便1年,加重2周,大便10余次。静滴左氧氟沙星及甲硝唑10天后症状无好转,T 39℃,Hb 75g/L,粪便培养未见致病菌生长。结肠镜示全结肠弥漫性充血、水肿,伴糜烂及不规则浅溃疡,病理为重度慢性炎症,隐窝脓肿形成。2.该患者首选的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "泼尼松龙", "B": "美沙拉嗪", "C": "异烟肼", "D": "蒙脱石"}, "answer": "美沙拉嗪", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,26岁。停经3个月,阴道不规则流血2周,阴道前壁有胡桃大紫蓝色结节,子宫软,如孕4个月大小,尿妊娠试验(+)。该患者可能的疾病为(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄胎", "B": "侵蚀性葡萄胎", "C": "先兆流产", "D": "双胎妊娠"}, "answer": "侵蚀性葡萄胎", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "细菌缺失下列哪种结构仍可生存?(  )", "options": {"A": "细胞膜", "B": "细胞浆", "C": "细胞核质", "D": "细胞壁"}, "answer": "细胞壁", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪一项不是肾综合征出血热出血的原因?(  )", "options": {"A": "毛细血管脆性增加", "B": "血小板减少", "C": "凝血机制障碍", "D": "血液浓缩"}, "answer": "血液浓缩", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "腹膜炎的手术治疗最重要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "禁食、胃肠减压", "B": "抗生素的联合应用", "C": "有效的腹腔引流", "D": "腹膜炎的病灶处理"}, "answer": "腹膜炎的病灶处理", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "腹腔空腔脏器损伤的主要临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃肠道症状", "B": "全身感染表现", "C": "腹内出血", "D": "腹膜炎"}, "answer": "腹膜炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "生后两天的新生儿,一般状态良好,但其网织红细胞5%,血涂片白细胞计数100个,可见大量的有核红细胞和少量幼稚中性粒细胞,提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "髓外造血", "B": "新生儿溶血病", "C": "先天性小儿白血病", "D": "正常血象"}, "answer": "正常血象", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,48岁,身高160cm,体重68kg,近半年口渴多饮,多尿,伴乏力,空腹血糖6.9mmol/L。2.若给该患者进一步检查:空腹血糖7.1mmol/L,餐后2h血糖11.8mmol/L。治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "控制饮食,增加运动,监测血糖", "B": "控制饮食,增加运动,口服优降糖", "C": "控制饮食,增加运动,口服降糖灵", "D": "控制饮食,增加运动,胰岛素治疗"}, "answer": "控制饮食,增加运动,监测血糖", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男婴,8个月。腹泻伴呕吐3天,无尿6小时。大便10~15次/天,呈蛋花汤样伴黏液,有腥臭味。查体:T 37.8℃,表情淡漠,前囟、眼窝明显凹陷,皮肤弹性差,可见花纹,四肢厥冷,双肺呼吸音清,心率120次/分,腹软,无明显压痛。实验室检查:粪镜检偶见白细胞,血钠134mmol/L。4.患儿输液后出现腹胀,肠鸣音减弱,膝腱反射消失。首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低钾血症", "B": "低钙血症", "C": "低磷血症", "D": "低镁血症"}, "answer": "低钾血症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "可能引发超敏反应的制剂(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙种球蛋白", "B": "白细胞介素", "C": "抗毒素", "D": "干扰素"}, "answer": "抗毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.冠心病稳定型心绞痛合并高血压首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "β受体阻滞剂", "B": "α受体阻滞剂", "C": "血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻滞剂", "D": "钙通道阻滞剂"}, "answer": "β受体阻滞剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.痈肿(  )。", "options": {"A": "具有两端开口的病理性通道", "B": "只有一端开口的盲管", "C": "单个毛囊发生的化脓性炎", "D": "多个毛囊发生的化脓性炎"}, "answer": "多个毛囊发生的化脓性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "Graves病中,最明显的体液免疫特征是在病人血清中可检出(  )。", "options": {"A": "TSH受体抗体(TRAb)", "B": "甲状腺生长免疫球蛋白(TGI)", "C": "TSH结合抑制免疫球蛋白(TBII)", "D": "甲状腺刺激性抗体(TSAb)"}, "answer": "TSH受体抗体(TRAb)", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "蛋白质-能量营养不良患儿最先出现的表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体重不增", "B": "体重减轻", "C": "身高低于正常", "D": "皮下脂肪消失"}, "answer": "体重不增", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "梗死最常见的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血栓形成", "B": "血栓栓塞", "C": "动脉痉挛", "D": "动脉壁肿瘤"}, "answer": "血栓形成", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "体液平衡中、细胞外液,最重要的阴离子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HPO4-", "B": "HCO3-", "C": "Cl-", "D": "蛋白质"}, "answer": "Cl-", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.评价慢性阻塞性肺疾病最敏感的肺功能检查指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "FEV1/FVC", "B": "FEV1%预计值", "C": "TLC", "D": "PEF"}, "answer": "FEV1/FVC", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性肾炎,严重循环充血的治疗措施,以下不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用强利尿剂", "B": "肺水肿时可用硝普钠扩血管", "C": "立即应用饱和量快速强心剂", "D": "血液透析排出过多体液"}, "answer": "立即应用饱和量快速强心剂", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某35岁女性,10年前曾有难产史,产后无乳、闭经,食欲不振,疲乏无力,血压偏低,因腹泻、脱水入院。2.预计这种异常最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Addison病", "B": "Sheehan综合征", "C": "低血糖症", "D": "继发性闭经"}, "answer": "Sheehan综合征", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.肺顺应性可作为反映何种阻力的指标(  )。", "options": {"A": "黏滞阻力", "B": "惯性阻力", "C": "肺弹性阻力", "D": "胸廓弹性阻力"}, "answer": "肺弹性阻力", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,30岁,发热,腰痛,皮下出血,少尿伴烦躁不安,眼睑浮肿,脉洪大,高血压,蛋白尿(+++),诊断为肾综合征出血热,并高血容量综合征,此病的原因中不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "少尿", "B": "肾素分泌亢进", "C": "肾滤过率下降", "D": "低蛋白血症"}, "answer": "低蛋白血症", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,38岁。接触性出血1个月余,白带有恶臭。妇科检查:宫颈Ⅱ度糜烂,前唇有5cm×3cm质地脆赘生物,易出血。子宫正常大,三合诊(-)。3.确诊后,其临床分期为(  )。", "options": {"A": "ⅠB1期", "B": "ⅠB2期", "C": "ⅡA期", "D": "ⅡB期"}, "answer": "ⅠB2期", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "属于酪氨酸衍生物的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "精胺", "B": "腐胺", "C": "5-羟色胺", "D": "多巴胺"}, "answer": "多巴胺", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对涉及人的生物医学研究进行伦理审查的根本目的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "保护受试者的尊严和权利", "B": "保护受试者的经济利益", "C": "确保医学科研的规范性", "D": "维护研究机构的科研利益"}, "answer": "保护受试者的尊严和权利", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "公认的心身疾病在一般人口中的患病率为(  )。", "options": {"A": "30%", "B": "75%", "C": "25%", "D": "60%"}, "answer": "30%", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "体温调节中枢的调定点位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "延髓", "B": "脊髓", "C": "视前区-下丘脑前部", "D": "大脑皮质"}, "answer": "视前区-下丘脑前部", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肝脓肿的特点正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌性肝脓肿常为单发,较大", "B": "阿米巴肝脓肿较少,多为多发性", "C": "阿米巴肝脓肿脓液为褐色,无臭味", "D": "阿米巴肝脓肿病人粪便中可以找到阿米巴原虫"}, "answer": "阿米巴肝脓肿脓液为褐色,无臭味", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,10岁,发育正常,无明显症状。听诊于胸骨左缘第2、3肋间Ⅱ级收缩期杂音,心电图显示右心室肥厚及不完全性右束支传导阻滞。2.为确诊,选用下述哪一项无创性检查最好?(  )", "options": {"A": "超声心动图", "B": "多普勒彩色血流显像", "C": "心导管检查", "D": "心血管造影"}, "answer": "多普勒彩色血流显像", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一个操纵子通常含有(  )。", "options": {"A": "一个启动序列和一个编码基因", "B": "一个启动序列和数个编码基因", "C": "数个启动序列和一个编码基因", "D": "数个启动序列和数个编码基因"}, "answer": "一个启动序列和数个编码基因", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述关节脱位的特有体征,哪项是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "肿胀,畸形,功能障碍", "B": "畸形,反常活动,关节空虚", "C": "畸形,反常活动,弹性固定", "D": "畸形,弹性固定,关节空虚"}, "answer": "畸形,弹性固定,关节空虚", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于细菌性肝脓肿的临床表现错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝大并有触压痛", "B": "肝区胀痛", "C": "胆囊肿大", "D": "起病急"}, "answer": "胆囊肿大", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "前列腺癌患者,男性,72岁,弯腰举约3kg重物时,突感腰部疼痛,活动受限首先应该考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰椎病理性骨折", "B": "腰椎间盘突出", "C": "腰椎压缩性骨折", "D": "L3横突综合征"}, "answer": "腰椎病理性骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "临床上常用的妊娠诊断试验的原理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "间接乳凝", "B": "间接凝集抑制试验", "C": "反向间接血凝", "D": "抗球蛋白试验"}, "answer": "间接凝集抑制试验", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,55岁女性,右手拇指晨起僵硬伴疼痛6个月,近2周出现该处的肿胀及活动受限,被动活动患指可出现伴疼痛的弹响。临床诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "类风湿关节炎", "B": "关节内游离体", "C": "风湿性关节炎", "D": "狭窄性腱鞘炎"}, "answer": "狭窄性腱鞘炎", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某男性患者,10岁,误服有机磷农药1605(对硫磷)约5m1,急诊送医院就诊,当时测定胆碱酯酶活力为54%。3.该患者应用氯磷定静脉滴注治疗,其目的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "减少毒物吸收", "B": "预防脑水肿", "C": "对抗烟碱样症状", "D": "对抗毒蕈碱症状"}, "answer": "对抗烟碱样症状", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,66岁,5年前诊断左股骨颈骨折。近1年左髋疼痛,行走困难,X线片示左髋关节间隙变窄,股骨头变形,最佳治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左下肢皮肤牵引", "B": "切开复位钢板内固定", "C": "人工关节置换术", "D": "卧床休息及对症治疗"}, "answer": "人工关节置换术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "7个月婴儿,发热2天,体温39.0~40.0℃,稍咳,一般情况好,除流涕及咽部稍充血外,无其他异常,家长给予口服小儿速效感冒灵。3.对该患儿的治疗,下列错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "物理降温", "B": "肌注利巴韦林", "C": "口服止咳糖浆", "D": "口服头孢拉定糖浆"}, "answer": "口服头孢拉定糖浆", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.反映内脏蛋白情况的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "三头肌皮皱厚度", "B": "上臂中部周长", "C": "肌酐/身高指数", "D": "血清转铁蛋白量"}, "answer": "血清转铁蛋白量", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "培养真菌的最适宜温度是(  )。", "options": {"A": "4~90℃", "B": "16~21℃", "C": "22~28℃", "D": "29~37℃"}, "answer": "22~28℃", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.突发右侧肢体无力1小时,头颅CT左基底节区高密度影,最可能诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑出血", "B": "脑梗死", "C": "蛛网膜下隙出血", "D": "脑肿瘤"}, "answer": "脑出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,18岁。发热、鼻出血3天。查体:全身浅表淋巴结肿大,最大者2.5cm×2cm大小,胸骨压痛(+),肝脾肋下均可触及边缘。骨髓细胞学检查:骨髓原始细胞占0.65,过氧化物酶(-),非特异酯酶染色(-)。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性早幼粒细胞白血病", "B": "急性粒单-核细胞白血病", "C": "急性单核细胞白血病", "D": "急性淋巴细胞白血病"}, "answer": "急性淋巴细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肺结核空洞和肺脓肿空洞最可靠的鉴别诊断方法(  )。", "options": {"A": "痰的性状", "B": "胸部X线检查", "C": "痰细菌学检查", "D": "外周血细胞检查"}, "answer": "痰细菌学检查", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为原发性高血压病人脑出血最常见的部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "豆状核和丘脑", "B": "内囊和基底核", "C": "蛛网膜下隙", "D": "大脑髓质"}, "answer": "内囊和基底核", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "发现心包积液最简便准确的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "超声心动图", "B": "冠状动脉造影", "C": "核素心肌显像", "D": "心包穿刺"}, "answer": "超声心动图", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "同时表达CD3和CD4抗原的细胞有(  )。", "options": {"A": "Tc细胞", "B": "Ts细胞", "C": "B淋巴细胞", "D": "Th细胞"}, "answer": "Th细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某细菌的生化反应为分解乳糖(+) (产酸),分解葡萄糖(+),动力(+),H2S(-),此菌最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤寒沙门菌", "B": "大肠埃希菌", "C": "志贺菌", "D": "布氏杆菌"}, "answer": "大肠埃希菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对病人不会造成伤害的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医务人员的知识和技能低下", "B": "医务人员的行为疏忽和粗枝大叶", "C": "医务人员对病人呼叫或提问置之不理", "D": "医务人员为治疗疾病适当地限制或约束病人的自由"}, "answer": "医务人员为治疗疾病适当地限制或约束病人的自由", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于辅酶与辅基的差别的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "辅酶与酶共价结合,辅基则不是", "B": "辅酶含有维生素成分,辅基则不含", "C": "辅酶为小分子有机物,辅基常为无机物", "D": "经透析方法可使辅酶与酶蛋白分离,辅基则不能"}, "answer": "经透析方法可使辅酶与酶蛋白分离,辅基则不能", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "衣原体与细菌的不同点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "专性细胞内寄生", "B": "有特殊的衣壳包裹", "C": "以分裂方式繁殖", "D": "只有一种核酸"}, "answer": "专性细胞内寄生", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某小学组织学生接种乙肝疫苗,有5学生因出现头痛、呕吐、四肢乏力因而送到医院就诊,首诊医师及时处置并报告医院有关部门,经医护人员解释、安抚后,39名学生未经治疗症状很快消失,5名学生仍感恶心,并伴有焦虑。医院组织专家会诊后排除了疫苗和其他躯体疾病所致。1.根据《疫苗流通与预防接种管理条例》,该事件所出现的情况属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "药品不良反应", "B": "群体性心因性反应", "C": "医疗事故", "D": "突发公共卫生事件"}, "answer": "突发公共卫生事件", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "低钾性碱中毒常出现于(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿毒症", "B": "胃肠减压", "C": "术后少尿", "D": "输血过量"}, "answer": "胃肠减压", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在医务人员之间人际关系的特点中,“比、学、赶、超”体现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "协作性", "B": "互助性", "C": "竞争性", "D": "同一性"}, "answer": "竞争性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "吸收铁的主要部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃底部", "B": "胃窦部", "C": "小肠上部", "D": "回肠"}, "answer": "小肠上部", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.神经细胞动作电位的复极相,K+外流至膜外又暂时阻碍K+下一步外流,结果形成(  )。", "options": {"A": "锋电位", "B": "负后电位", "C": "局部电位", "D": "正后电位"}, "answer": "负后电位", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "属于激素冲击治疗的适应症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新月体肾炎", "B": "系膜增生性肾小球肾炎", "C": "局灶节段性肾小球硬化", "D": "急性间质性肾炎"}, "answer": "新月体肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "初孕妇,27岁。妊娠37周。晚10时突然出现无痛性阴道大量流血入院。查体:BP110/70mmHg。子宫软,枕左前位,胎心164次/分。目前最恰当的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "剖宫产", "B": "等待自然分娩", "C": "缩宫素引产", "D": "人工破膜引产"}, "answer": "剖宫产", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.上述哪项是抑制胃液分泌的因素(  )。", "options": {"A": "盐酸", "B": "促胃液素", "C": "乙酰胆碱", "D": "糖"}, "answer": "盐酸", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "幻觉的定义是(  )。", "options": {"A": "缺乏客观刺激作用于感官时的知觉体验", "B": "对客观事物的歪曲知觉", "C": "人脑对客观事物的一种错误的猜想", "D": "在梦幻中的一种知觉体验"}, "answer": "缺乏客观刺激作用于感官时的知觉体验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿体格发育的两个高峰期是(  )。", "options": {"A": "学龄前期、青春期", "B": "幼儿期、学龄期", "C": "婴儿期、青春期", "D": "新生儿期、学龄期"}, "answer": "婴儿期、青春期", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,28岁,21岁时因心慌、怕热、多汗、消瘦就诊,确诊Graves病,他巴唑规则治疗2年。25岁时甲亢复发。再次他巴唑治疗,2个月后甲状腺功能正常,继续治疗1年半停药。最近2个月甲亢的症状、体征再现,查血T3、T4及TSH确认为甲亢第2次复发。患者结婚5年,尚未生育,希望治疗甲亢后怀孕,现治疗拟选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "大剂量碘剂", "B": "再次他巴唑治疗,疗程延长至3~4年", "C": "用他巴唑,甲功正常后行甲状腺大部切除手术", "D": "直接行甲状腺大部切除术"}, "answer": "用他巴唑,甲功正常后行甲状腺大部切除手术", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项胆囊结石在行X线腹部平片检查时常显影?(  )", "options": {"A": "胆色素结石", "B": "混合性结石", "C": "泥沙样结石", "D": "胆汁样结石"}, "answer": "混合性结石", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "Weber综合征的病损部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮质脊髓束", "B": "桥脑", "C": "延髓", "D": "中脑"}, "answer": "中脑", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,65岁。食用坚果后突发呕血4小时,伴心悸。胸闷、气短。既往慢性乙型肝炎病史20年,冠心病病史8年。查体:T 36.5℃,P 110次/分,R 24次/分,BP 90/50mmHg,双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心律不齐,可闻及早博10次/分,腹软,无压痛。最适合的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "西咪替丁", "B": "硝酸甘油", "C": "血管加压素", "D": "生长抑素"}, "answer": "生长抑素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "胰头癌最主要的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上腹不适", "B": "黄疸", "C": "腹水", "D": "上腹肿块"}, "answer": "黄疸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "为防止危害婚姻、家庭和社会的行为发生,异源性人工授精必须(  )。", "options": {"A": "遵守一定的法律规定", "B": "严格按照一定程序", "C": "采取切实有效的措施", "D": "以上都对"}, "answer": "以上都对", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.含有2个胚层以上成分的肿瘤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经纤维瘤", "B": "骨母细胞瘤", "C": "成熟性畸胎瘤", "D": "髓母细胞瘤"}, "answer": "成熟性畸胎瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,30岁。已婚。平时月经规律。停经40天,右下腹剧痛4小时伴头晕及肛门坠胀感。查体:BP 80/56mmHg,面色苍白,痛苦病容,下腹部压痛及反跳痛(+),尤以右侧为著,肌紧张不明显,移动性浊音(+)。妇科检查:宫颈举痛,宫体稍大,右附件区触及不规则包块,大小约4cm×3cm×3cm,压痛(+)。实验室检查:Hb 100g/L。2.该患者简单可靠的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部CT检查", "B": "阴道后穹隆穿刺", "C": "宫腔镜检查", "D": "腹腔镜检查"}, "answer": "阴道后穹隆穿刺", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肝硬化肝功能障碍可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "血浆蛋白增多", "B": "凝血因子合成增多", "C": "脾大", "D": "雌激素水平升高"}, "answer": "雌激素水平升高", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.K+、Na+、Ca2+顺电—化学梯度通过细胞膜属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯扩散", "B": "通道介导的易化扩散", "C": "原发性主动转运", "D": "继发性主动转运"}, "answer": "通道介导的易化扩散", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是抗原?(  )", "options": {"A": "溶血素", "B": "青霉素", "C": "凝集素", "D": "类毒素"}, "answer": "类毒素", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,72岁。排便时突然跌倒,意识丧失,呼吸断续。有陈旧心肌梗死和糖尿病病史,无高血压病史,诊断为心脏骤停。3.最佳的给药途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉注射", "B": "心内注射", "C": "气管内给药", "D": "皮下注射"}, "answer": "静脉注射", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.医疗机构对甲类传染病疑似病人的处理方式为(  )。", "options": {"A": "予以隔离治疗,隔离期限根据医学检查结果确定", "B": "确诊前在指定场所单独隔离治疗", "C": "在指定场所进行医学观察和采取其他必要的预防措施", "D": "必须依照法律法规的规定实施消毒和无害化处置"}, "answer": "确诊前在指定场所单独隔离治疗", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,50岁,劳动中突感头晕,相继左半身失灵,右眼闭合不全,双眼向左侧凝视,10余分钟后昏迷,双瞳孔小、四肢软瘫、高热,其诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑叶出血", "B": "脑桥出血", "C": "小脑出血", "D": "中脑出血"}, "answer": "脑桥出血", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,22岁,右颈部肿块1个月,无发热,病理检查为大细胞性淋巴瘤,骨髓活检未见淋巴瘤细胞,应选择哪一种治疗方案?(  )", "options": {"A": "CHOP", "B": "全淋巴结照射", "C": "化疗+局部放疗", "D": "扩大照射"}, "answer": "化疗+局部放疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "诊断早期宫颈癌最可靠的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阴道镜检查", "B": "盆腔检查", "C": "宫颈细胞学检查", "D": "宫颈病理切片检查"}, "answer": "宫颈病理切片检查", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "可用糖皮质激素类药物治疗的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性血小板增多症", "B": "急性淋巴细胞白血病", "C": "真性红细胞增多症", "D": "骨质疏松"}, "answer": "急性淋巴细胞白血病", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,48岁,发热伴对称性多关节肿痛,晨僵3个月,查ANA低滴度阳性,RF(+)和IgG补体升高,诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多肌炎", "B": "系统性红斑狼疮", "C": "类风湿关节炎", "D": "混合性结缔组织病"}, "answer": "类风湿关节炎", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,58岁。咳嗽、痰中带血、左胸痛1个月,胸部X线片示左侧大量胸腔积液。查体:左侧呼吸音消失、语颤减弱。有助于明确诊断的检查不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸水细胞学及生化", "B": "胸膜活检", "C": "支气管镜", "D": "肺功能"}, "answer": "肺功能", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "卫生服务组织不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "医疗机构", "B": "群众性卫生组织", "C": "医疗保险公司", "D": "预防保健机构"}, "answer": "医疗保险公司", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "免疫复合物沉积最重要的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CIC与组织结合的能力", "B": "可溶性的免疫复合物", "C": "补体的激活", "D": "Ag在体内长期存在"}, "answer": "补体的激活", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "上消化道大出血最常见的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "门静脉高压症", "B": "胆道出血", "C": "胃癌", "D": "消化性溃疡"}, "answer": "消化性溃疡", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪一项不符合SLE的血液系统改变?(  )", "options": {"A": "血小板减少", "B": "自细胞减少", "C": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血", "D": "类白血病样改变"}, "answer": "类白血病样改变", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "枕骨大孔疝与小脑幕切迹疝的主要鉴别点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "频繁呕吐", "B": "早期发生呼吸骤停", "C": "烦躁不安", "D": "血压下降"}, "answer": "早期发生呼吸骤停", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "神经胶质细胞瘤占所有颅内肿瘤的百分比是(  )。", "options": {"A": "10%~15%", "B": "20%~30%", "C": "40%~50%", "D": "70%~80%"}, "answer": "40%~50%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于腺病毒性肺炎的临床特点,以下错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多见于6个月以下小婴儿", "B": "咳嗽重,有喘憋及呼吸困难", "C": "肺部体征出现晚,X线改变出现早", "D": "病灶吸收缓慢"}, "answer": "多见于6个月以下小婴儿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,25岁。3个月前因工作失误受到领导批评,觉得脸上无光,觉得同事看不起她,在背后议论她,不好意思出门,耳边常有命令性幻听。查体:躯体及神经系统无阳性体征。2.改善患者目前情况,较合理的药物治疗应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙咪嗪", "B": "氯硝西泮", "C": "氯丙嗪", "D": "氯丙咪嗪"}, "answer": "氯丙嗪", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.谵妄状态表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "无意识障碍,近记忆力障碍明显,智能相对完好", "B": "突发昼轻夜重的神志不清", "C": "发作性的意识障碍伴痴呆表现", "D": "以近记忆力障碍为首发症状可伴人格改变"}, "answer": "突发昼轻夜重的神志不清", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,38岁。3个月前搬重物后出现腰痛伴右下肢麻木疼痛,诊断为腰椎间盘突出症,经保守治疗后症状缓解,症状逐渐加重。2小时前出现大小便障碍,查体:T 36.6℃,P 89次/分,BP 110/60mmHg,心肺腹未见异常,右下肢肌力4级,感觉减退,会阴部感觉减退,目前首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "理疗按摩", "B": "激素注射", "C": "急症手术", "D": "卧床休息"}, "answer": "急症手术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪一种情况基础代谢率降低?(  )", "options": {"A": "糖尿病", "B": "甲状腺功能亢进", "C": "红细胞增多症", "D": "甲状腺功能低下"}, "answer": "甲状腺功能低下", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,64岁。30年前曾患右上肺结核,经INH、SM和PAS治疗约1年。5年前病灶复发,痰结核杆菌(++),应用2HRZ/4HR治疗,痰菌转阴。病灶吸收满意。近1个月咳嗽、血痰再次就诊。X线示右上肺前段阻塞性炎症,支气管分层摄影见前段支气管阻塞。痰脱落细胞和抗酸杆菌均阴性,痰培养有白色念珠菌生长。重度吸烟史30余年,近年来上二楼稍感气急。1.本例最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核病复发", "B": "肺癌", "C": "继发细菌性感染", "D": "肺栓塞"}, "answer": "肺癌", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列真菌中,最易侵犯脑组织的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生隐球菌", "B": "孢子丝菌", "C": "卡氏肺孢菌", "D": "曲霉菌"}, "answer": "新生隐球菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "免疫缺陷患者不可接种的疫苗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "灭活脊髓灰质炎疫苗", "B": "流行性出血热疫苗", "C": "麻疹活疫苗", "D": "多糖疫苗"}, "answer": "麻疹活疫苗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是仅在局部增殖不引起病毒血症的病毒?(  )", "options": {"A": "麻疹病毒", "B": "乙型脑炎病毒", "C": "流行性感冒病毒", "D": "脊髓灰质炎病毒"}, "answer": "流行性感冒病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "26岁初产妇,妊娠39周,规律宫缩8小时。血压110∕70mmHg,骨盆不小,预测胎儿体重为2700g,枕左前位,胎心率正常。肛查宫口开大3cm,S=0。正确处置应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不需干涉产程进展", "B": "静脉缓注25%硫酸镁16ml", "C": "静脉滴注缩宫素", "D": "行人工破膜"}, "answer": "不需干涉产程进展", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.高血压伴甲状腺功能亢进者宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "美托洛尔", "B": "尼莫地平", "C": "硝苯地平", "D": "氢氯噻嗪和普萘洛尔"}, "answer": "美托洛尔", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.A群溶血性链球菌产生(  )。", "options": {"A": "表皮剥脱毒素", "B": "毒素休克综合征毒素", "C": "红疹毒素", "D": "肉毒毒素"}, "answer": "红疹毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "周期性麻痹的补钾盐方式应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服氯化钾", "B": "静脉滴注葡萄糖加氯化钾", "C": "静脉滴注氯化钾", "D": "静脉滴注林格液"}, "answer": "口服氯化钾", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,40岁,发现心脏杂音40年。查体:胸骨左缘第3助间闻及舒张期叹气样杂音向心尖部传导,周围血管征阳性,胸部X线最可能出现的心脏外形是(  )。", "options": {"A": "梨形", "B": "靴形", "C": "烧瓶形", "D": "球形"}, "answer": "靴形", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪种情感活动符合焦虑症?(  )", "options": {"A": "欣快感", "B": "情感低落", "C": "焦虑", "D": "情感淡漠"}, "answer": "焦虑", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性乳房炎的重要病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺组织发育不良", "B": "乳汁淤积加细菌入侵", "C": "哺乳次数增多", "D": "乳腺分泌障碍"}, "answer": "乳汁淤积加细菌入侵", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,4岁,诊断为先天性甲状腺功能减低症,给甲状腺素片治疗,医生嘱咐,出现下述情况考虑为甲状腺素片过量,但哪一项除外(  )。", "options": {"A": "食欲好转", "B": "多汗", "C": "心悸", "D": "腹泻"}, "answer": "食欲好转", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1岁患儿,腹泻7天,经第一阶段输液后已排尿,呼吸见平稳,脉搏有力,血钠136mmol/L,CO2CP13.6mmol/L,血钾3.0mmol/L。第二阶段应用哪一种液体继续输给?(  )", "options": {"A": "含0.15%氯化钾的生理盐水", "B": "含0.15%氯化钾的4:3:2含钠液", "C": "含0.15%氯化钾l:4含钠液", "D": "含0.15%氯化钾2:3:1含钠液"}, "answer": "含0.15%氯化钾l:4含钠液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪一种因素与血栓形成无关?(  )", "options": {"A": "血小板数量增多", "B": "血流缓慢", "C": "癌细胞崩解产物", "D": "纤维蛋白溶解酶增多"}, "answer": "纤维蛋白溶解酶增多", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,40岁,已确诊Graves病,以下表现最具有诊断意义的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "食欲亢进,体重下降", "B": "心慌、多汗、手抖", "C": "突眼,瞬目减少", "D": "弥漫性甲状腺肿大伴血管杂音及震颤"}, "answer": "弥漫性甲状腺肿大伴血管杂音及震颤", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列不属于幼儿急疹特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病原为柯萨奇病毒", "B": "潜伏期7~17天,平均10天", "C": "皮疹多见于颈、躯干及上肢", "D": "疹退后无色素沉着和脱屑"}, "answer": "病原为柯萨奇病毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是急性细菌性痢疾的典型肠道病变?(  )", "options": {"A": "化脓性炎", "B": "卡他性炎", "C": "伪膜性炎", "D": "蜂窝织炎"}, "answer": "伪膜性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.上述哪项属于Ib类的抗心律失常药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "美西律", "B": "利多卡因", "C": "卡托普利", "D": "强心苷"}, "answer": "美西律", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.不常发作但很强烈的偏头痛应用(  )。", "options": {"A": "非类固醇吲哚美辛药物", "B": "发作早期给麦角胺咖啡因", "C": "普萘洛尔、苯噻啶等药物", "D": "皮质类固醇"}, "answer": "发作早期给麦角胺咖啡因", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,7岁。便血10天。大便时见粪便表面附有鲜血,有时在大便后有鲜血滴出,无腹痛,大便次数正常,粪便形状正常。首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内痔", "B": "直肠息肉", "C": "肛窦炎", "D": "肛裂"}, "answer": "内痔", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,28岁,初孕妇。妊娠40周,规律宫缩8小时,查体:P 90次/分,BP 140/80mmHg,宫口7cm,先露S=+1,胎心140次/分。10分钟后胎膜破裂,流出清亮液体。正确的处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即静脉滴注硫酸镁", "B": "立即静脉滴注缩宫素", "C": "立即行剖宫产术", "D": "立即听胎心"}, "answer": "立即听胎心", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对支气管哮喘和心源性哮喘均有效的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吗啡", "B": "哌替啶", "C": "氨茶碱", "D": "沙丁胺醇"}, "answer": "氨茶碱", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对嘌呤核苷酸的生物合成不产生直接反馈抑制作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "TMF", "B": "IMP", "C": "AMP", "D": "ADP"}, "answer": "TMF", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.增加心肌细胞内的Ca2+浓度,从而加强心肌收缩力用于治疗慢性心功能不全(  )。", "options": {"A": "地高辛", "B": "硝酸甘油", "C": "扎莫特罗", "D": "卡托普利"}, "answer": "地高辛", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "控制钩端螺旋体病暴发流行的关键性措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "保护水源和饮食,防止感染", "B": "消灭鼠类,注射钩端螺旋体菌苗", "C": "避免用河沟和池塘的污水洗澡", "D": "用石灰水改变农田水质后消灭钩端螺旋体"}, "answer": "消灭鼠类,注射钩端螺旋体菌苗", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "引起成人自发性颅内蛛网膜下腔出血最常见的原因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑动静脉畸形破裂", "B": "颅内动脉瘤破裂", "C": "脑瘤卒中", "D": "血质不调"}, "answer": "颅内动脉瘤破裂", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.对食物味道改变比较敏感,会大声发笑,能伸手抓物的年龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "4~5个月", "B": "7个月", "C": "9个月", "D": "15个月"}, "answer": "4~5个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,42岁。乏力、低热3月,青霉素、环丙沙星治疗3周症状无缓解,有静脉吸毒史。最可能感染的病原体为(  )。", "options": {"A": "铜绿假单胞菌", "B": "链球菌", "C": "支原体", "D": "病毒感染"}, "answer": "病毒感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "轮状病毒的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "核酸类型为单股正链RNA", "B": "具有双层衣壳", "C": "除引起腹泻外还可引起呼吸道感染", "D": "有100余种血清型"}, "answer": "具有双层衣壳", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,35岁。腹泻、纳差、乏力、发热5月余。大便为黄色糊状,无黏液及脓血,3~5次/日,体温37.5℃~38.0℃。发病以来体重减轻约8kg。1.下列辅助检查最有助于明确诊断的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结肠镜及黏膜活组织病理检查", "B": "胶囊内镜", "C": "下消化道X线钡剂造影", "D": "PPD试验"}, "answer": "结肠镜及黏膜活组织病理检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心包积液最突出的临床症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "干咳", "B": "吞咽困难", "C": "呼吸困难", "D": "腹胀"}, "answer": "呼吸困难", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩,2岁半,发热、咳嗽3天,气急半天。出生后3个月发现心脏有杂音,曾患肺炎5次,并发心力衰竭1次。查体:消瘦,唇周青紫,有轻度鼻扇,体温39℃(R),心率150次/分,呼吸50次/分,心前区隆起,胸骨左缘第3、4肋间有收缩期震颤伴3级全收缩期杂音,广泛传导,两肺背部有细湿啰音,肝肋下2cm。EKG示RV530mm。胸片示两肺下部有炎性渗出病灶,肺动脉段凸出,左心室扩大,主动脉弓小。2.入院后给予下列治疗,哪项是不妥的?(  )", "options": {"A": "酚妥拉明", "B": "毛花苷C", "C": "退热药物", "D": "头孢拉定"}, "answer": "毛花苷C", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于回盲括约肌的功能的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "进食可引起回盲括约肌收缩", "B": "盲肠的充胀刺激可引起回盲括约肌舒张", "C": "防止回肠内容物过快进入大肠", "D": "不能阻止大肠内容物向回肠倒流"}, "answer": "防止回肠内容物过快进入大肠", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男婴,4个月,反复发作性吸气性呼吸困难伴吸气时喉鸣,口唇青紫三次,无发热,发作间隔一般情况良好,枕部指压有乒乓球样感,肺、心未见异常。1.首先考虑诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "气管异物", "B": "维生素D缺乏性手足抽搐症", "C": "支气管肺炎", "D": "急性喉炎"}, "answer": "维生素D缺乏性手足抽搐症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "能以RNA为模板催化合成与RNA互补的DNA(cDNA)的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "DNA聚合酶I", "B": "DNA聚合酶Ⅲ", "C": "RNA聚合酶", "D": "反转录酶"}, "answer": "反转录酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "突然发生、完全不能用患者当时的处境和心理背景来解释的妄想是(  )。", "options": {"A": "关系妄想", "B": "继发性妄想", "C": "被害妄想", "D": "原发性妄想"}, "answer": "原发性妄想", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "只受对侧大脑运动皮层支配的脑神经运动核为(  )。", "options": {"A": "三叉神经运动核", "B": "疑核", "C": "舌下神经核", "D": "动眼神经核"}, "answer": "舌下神经核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "导致手术后腹胀的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌代谢产生的气体", "B": "血液内的气体弥散至肠腔内", "C": "肠蠕动受抑制", "D": "腹部切口疼痛"}, "answer": "肠蠕动受抑制", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下哪项是引起输血发热反应最常见的原因?(  )", "options": {"A": "细菌污染", "B": "大量输注库血", "C": "过敏反应", "D": "免疫反应"}, "answer": "免疫反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "诊断明确的肾综合征出血热病人,其发热期尿常规检查中特征性的变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量盐类", "B": "大量白细胞", "C": "大量管型", "D": "大量蛋白"}, "answer": "大量蛋白", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不是病毒感染对宿主细胞的直接作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞融合", "B": "整合感染", "C": "形成包涵体", "D": "继发感染"}, "answer": "继发感染", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,33岁。有心脏病病史5年。最近感到心悸,听诊发现心率110次/分,心律绝对不齐,第一心音强弱不等,心尖部有舒张期隆隆样杂音。2.为进一步确诊心律失常的类型应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "嘱患者左侧卧位听诊", "B": "心电图检查", "C": "超声心动图", "D": "冠状动脉造影"}, "answer": "心电图检查", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,60岁,肠梗阻3天入院。查体:血压70/40mmHg,血钠125mmol/L.血钾3.2mmol/L,血气分析pH 7.312.该患者HCO3-最少高于多少时,不需补充碱剂(  )。", "options": {"A": "10~12mmol/L", "B": "12~14mmol/L", "C": "14~16mmol/L", "D": "16~18mmol/L"}, "answer": "16~18mmol/L", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,60岁。发作性左胸痛6年,疼痛放射至左肩,发作持续3~5分钟,休息后可缓解。今日下午劳动时突发晕厥。急诊查体:血压90/50mmHg,神志清晰,心率140次/分,主动脉瓣区可闻及收缩期喷射样杂音伴震颤,杂音向颈部传导,双肺呼吸音清。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压病", "B": "主动脉瓣狭窄", "C": "主动脉粥样硬化", "D": "心肌梗死"}, "answer": "主动脉瓣狭窄", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女孩,14个月,仍单纯母乳喂养,不愿进辅食,近1个月面色渐苍白,活动少,捡土块吃。血象:Hb 60g/L,RBC 3.05×1012/L,WBC 8×109/L,PLT 225 × 109/L。MCV 74pg、MCH 26fl、MCHC 28%。1.该患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "再生障碍性贫血", "B": "混合性贫血", "C": "缺铁性贫血", "D": "溶血性贫血"}, "answer": "缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,65岁。大量呕血、黑便1天。既往有胃溃疡病史20年,曾有多次出血史。查体:P 126次/分,BP 86/50mmHg,神情紧张,烦躁,手足湿冷,腹软,上腹部压痛(+),肠鸣音亢进。血常规:Hb 90g/L,血细胞比容0.30。心电图示窦性心动过速。2.经急诊胃镜发现胃角切迹大溃疡,活动出血明显,决定行胃大部切除术,为达到治疗效果,至少应切除胃的(  )。", "options": {"A": "30%左右", "B": "50%左右", "C": "80%左右", "D": "60%左右"}, "answer": "60%左右", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "乙型肝炎可以采用下述哪一种生物制品人工被动免疫?(  )", "options": {"A": "抗毒素", "B": "胎盘球蛋白", "C": "特异性高效价免疫球蛋白", "D": "乙型肝炎疫苗"}, "answer": "特异性高效价免疫球蛋白", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,15岁,阴囊内肿块,每日起床或站立后肿块缓慢增大,平卧位缩小。透光试验阳性。最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "交通性鞘膜积液", "B": "睾丸鞘膜积液", "C": "隐睾", "D": "急性肠梗阻"}, "answer": "交通性鞘膜积液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项长期用药可发生耐受性和依赖性?(  )", "options": {"A": "阿司匹林", "B": "苯妥英钠", "C": "地西泮", "D": "氯丙嗪"}, "answer": "地西泮", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "婴儿期,应该选择哪种乳类顺序喂养(  )。", "options": {"A": "母乳-婴儿配方奶粉-脱脂奶粉", "B": "婴儿配方奶粉-母乳-新鲜牛奶", "C": "母乳-婴儿配方奶粉-全脂奶粉", "D": "新鲜牛奶-婴儿配方奶粉-母乳"}, "answer": "母乳-婴儿配方奶粉-全脂奶粉", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,9个月,母乳喂养,其母明显偏食,鱼肉类均不吃,患儿近2个月面色苍黄,呆滞,尚不能独坐。查体:嗜睡,伸手时手颤,心肺正常,肝肋下4cm,脾未触及,膝反射亢进,踝阵挛阴性。血象:Hb 75g/L,RBC 2.0×1012/L,WBC 3.09×109/L,PLT 156×109/L。此患儿可能诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "营养性混合性贫血", "B": "营养性巨幼细胞性贫血", "C": "再生障碍性贫血", "D": "急性白血病"}, "answer": "营养性巨幼细胞性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男婴,4个月,冬季出生。近2日经常出现面部、四肢抽动,双眼上翻,每次持续数十秒,1日数次,可自然缓解,发作后玩耍如常,体温正常,母孕期有腿部抽筋病史。2.就诊过程中,该患儿突然出现吸气困难,口唇青紫,错误的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸氧", "B": "静注地西泮", "C": "肌注维生素D", "D": "保持呼吸道通畅"}, "answer": "肌注维生素D", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.细胞去极化结束时膜电位向静息电位水平变化(  )。", "options": {"A": "去极化", "B": "复极化", "C": "超极化", "D": "反极化"}, "answer": "复极化", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不能估计细胞免疫功能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "检测CD4+细胞与CD8+细胞的比例", "B": "检测对葡萄球菌蛋白A的有丝分裂反应", "C": "计数CD2+细胞", "D": "计数CD3+细胞"}, "answer": "检测对葡萄球菌蛋白A的有丝分裂反应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.梅毒的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "苍白密螺旋体", "B": "人乳头瘤病毒", "C": "沙眼衣原体", "D": "解脲支原体"}, "answer": "苍白密螺旋体", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "人本主义疗法的特点不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "放松训练", "B": "以询者为中心", "C": "非指令性治疗的技巧", "D": "言语操作性条件试验"}, "answer": "放松训练", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项不是氯丙嗪的不良反应?(  )", "options": {"A": "口干、便秘、心悸", "B": "肌肉震颤、流涎", "C": "习惯性和成瘾性", "D": "粒细胞减少"}, "answer": "习惯性和成瘾性", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,女,5岁,近半年反复患咽扁桃体炎,现发热2周,每日热退时,精神状态良好,但面色渐苍白,肘膝关节不固定痛。查体发现心音低钝,心尖区可听到吹风样收缩期杂音。提示该患儿可能患有(  )。", "options": {"A": "风湿性心肌炎", "B": "发热所致", "C": "二尖瓣狭窄", "D": "无临床意义"}, "answer": "风湿性心肌炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "采用问卷法进行测验的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "洛夏墨迹测验", "B": "韦氏记忆测验", "C": "比奈一西蒙量表", "D": "艾森克人格问卷"}, "answer": "艾森克人格问卷", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "化学毒气路易士气对酶的抑制作用是属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "不可逆性抑制", "B": "竞争性抑制", "C": "非竞争性抑制", "D": "反竞争性抑制"}, "answer": "不可逆性抑制", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是引起继发性再生障碍性贫血最常见的病因?(  )", "options": {"A": "药物及化学物质", "B": "物理因素", "C": "病毒感染", "D": "细菌感染"}, "answer": "药物及化学物质", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性患者,18岁,6个月前急性起病,意识清晰,但情感不协调,言语难以理解,行为幼稚怪异,本能意向亢进,有片段的听幻觉,自觉有坏人跟踪自己,想害自己。该患者的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症偏执型", "B": "精神分裂症紧张型", "C": "精神分裂症青春型", "D": "精神分裂症单纯型"}, "answer": "精神分裂症青春型", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "Allen试验是用于检查手的(  )。", "options": {"A": "感觉情况", "B": "供血情况", "C": "出汗情况", "D": "皮温情况"}, "answer": "供血情况", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.分离脊髓灰质炎病毒最好取(  )。", "options": {"A": "咽漱液", "B": "粪便", "C": "血液", "D": "尿"}, "answer": "粪便", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对单纯厌食宜选用的精神药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "安定", "B": "舒必利", "C": "卡马西平", "D": "多塞平"}, "answer": "舒必利", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性患者,高处坠落后腹部及右下肢肿痛4小时入院。查体:T37.5℃,P136次/分,R23次/分。血压60/40mmHg,神志淡漠,眼睑口唇苍白,双肺呼吸音清,腹部紧张压痛,下肢肿胀,小腿可见广泛瘀斑及散在小水泡,头面部下肢多发裂伤,渗血不多。2.腹穿有不凝血,B超示肝破裂,血压平稳后行剖腹探查、肝破裂修补术。术后生命体征平稳。渐发现右小腿肿胀明显,张力高,水泡增多,足背动脉未触及,感觉减退,皮温冰凉。X线片示:右胫腓骨上段骨折,移位,该如何处理?(  )", "options": {"A": "石膏绷带固定", "B": "放水泡液并外固定", "C": "切开复位内固定", "D": "切开减压"}, "answer": "切开减压", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "麻疹的出疹顺序为(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈部→四肢→躯干,1日出齐", "B": "耳后、颈部发际→面部、躯干、上肢→下肢足部,3日出齐", "C": "耳后、颈部发际→面部、躯干、上肢→下肢足部,1日出齐", "D": "面部→四肢→躯干,3日出齐"}, "answer": "耳后、颈部发际→面部、躯干、上肢→下肢足部,3日出齐", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.背部皮下肿瘤,淡黄色,分叶状,有包膜,镜下见成熟脂肪细胞(  )。", "options": {"A": "平滑肌瘤", "B": "脂肪瘤", "C": "脂肪肉瘤", "D": "平滑肌肉瘤"}, "answer": "脂肪瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.丙咪嗪(  )。", "options": {"A": "使突触间隙的NA浓度下降", "B": "阻断N型胆碱受体", "C": "对心肌有奎尼丁样作用", "D": "阻断中枢5-HT受体"}, "answer": "对心肌有奎尼丁样作用", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.可抑制各种疟原虫配子体在蚊体内的生长发育,从而有防止传播作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙胺嘧啶", "B": "磺胺嘧啶", "C": "吡喹酮", "D": "氯喹"}, "answer": "乙胺嘧啶", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于清洁伤口,下列哪项的错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "清洁伤口通常的指“无菌术”的切口", "B": "清洁伤口内无细菌沾染", "C": "清洁伤口缝合后一般都达到一期愈合", "D": "某些沾染伤口经处理后可使其沾染减少"}, "answer": "清洁伤口内无细菌沾染", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "细菌性肺炎最常见的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "链球菌", "B": "葡萄球菌", "C": "肺炎链球菌", "D": "肺炎杆菌"}, "answer": "肺炎链球菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "如何处理糖尿病胰岛素治疗过程中的Somogyi现象(  )。", "options": {"A": "减少饮食中总热卡", "B": "增加胰岛素剂量", "C": "减少胰岛素剂量", "D": "减少碳水化合物摄入"}, "answer": "减少胰岛素剂量", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "病人在意识清晰情况下,头脑中涌现大量思维,伴不自主感是(  )。", "options": {"A": "被动体验", "B": "强制性思维", "C": "强迫观念", "D": "思维被插入"}, "answer": "强制性思维", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.患者,女,40岁。风湿性心脏瓣膜病史15年,心房颤动5年。就诊时,心率150次/分,心房颤动,血压100/70mmHg(  )。", "options": {"A": "硝酸甘油", "B": "直流电复律", "C": "毛花苷丙(西地兰)", "D": "阿托品"}, "answer": "毛花苷丙(西地兰)", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "钩端螺旋体病的治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "头孢菌素", "B": "四环素", "C": "青霉素", "D": "红霉素"}, "answer": "青霉素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,25岁。腰背部疼痛8年,晨起明显,活动后减轻,近1个月腰痛加重,活动受限。查体:腰椎前屈、后伸受限,Schober试验(+),双侧“4”字试验(+)。2.对确诊最有价值的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骶髂关节X线片", "B": "血常规", "C": "HLA-B27", "D": "类风湿因子"}, "answer": "骶髂关节X线片", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "大动脉弹性降低会引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "收缩压与舒张压都升高", "B": "收缩压升高,舒张压降低", "C": "收缩压升高,舒张压无影响", "D": "使舒张压升高,收缩压无影响"}, "answer": "收缩压升高,舒张压降低", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "诊断丹毒最有意义的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "好发部位", "B": "头前、畏寒、高热", "C": "色鲜红,界限清楚", "D": "局部发生水泡"}, "answer": "色鲜红,界限清楚", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,29岁,左下胸受压,伴腹痛、恶心、呕吐入院。检查:面色苍白,四肢湿冷,脉搏120次/分,血压80/60mmHg,腹腔穿刺抽出不凝血液。应采取正确的处理原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量快速输液,纠正休克", "B": "积极抗休克,同时迅速手术", "C": "休克好转后再手术", "D": "抗感染、止血"}, "answer": "积极抗休克,同时迅速手术", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗孕妇生殖道感染首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "红霉素", "B": "多西四环", "C": "氧氟沙星", "D": "阿莫西林"}, "answer": "红霉素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "婴幼儿化脓性脑膜炎常见的病原菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑膜炎双球菌,流感嗜血杆菌和大肠杆菌", "B": "脑膜炎双球菌,流感嗜血杆菌和肺炎链球菌", "C": "脑膜炎双球菌,肺炎链球菌", "D": "脑膜炎双球菌,流感嗜血杆菌"}, "answer": "脑膜炎双球菌,流感嗜血杆菌和肺炎链球菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "22岁男性,大学二年级学生。近一年来听课注意力不集中,发呆发愣,时有自语自笑,动作迟缓,吃一顿饭要一个多小时。5天前开始终日卧床,不吃饭,不知上厕所。精神检查:意识清晰,卧床不动不语,针刺其身体无反应。肌张力增高。令病人张嘴,反把嘴闭得更紧,把病人肢体摆成不舒服的姿势,可以保持很久不变,躯体及神经系统检查未见其他异常体征。3.最有效的治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗抑郁治疗", "B": "脱水抗病毒治疗", "C": "抗精神病治疗", "D": "抗生素治疗"}, "answer": "抗精神病治疗", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者男性,40岁,系某洗衣店职工,酷爱清洁,近年来工作中担心接触衣物被传染疾病,因而在下班时必须反复洗手。同时回到家中要反复拖地板,由每天最初拖一次,发展到每天4~5次。以后发展到睡前必须洗澡才能上床,不仅他本人要洗澡,还要求其妻也得洗澡,否则不让上床睡觉。病人知道这些做法有些过分了,但不洗手、拖地、洗澡即感到浑身不自在,为此而苦恼,主动求医。他的疾病可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "洁癖", "B": "强迫症", "C": "精神分裂症", "D": "人格障碍"}, "answer": "强迫症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肾母细胞瘤典型的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血尿", "B": "发热", "C": "腹部巨大肿块", "D": "高血压"}, "answer": "腹部巨大肿块", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "脊髓是内脏反射活动的初级中枢,但不参与完成的反射是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发汗反射", "B": "肺扩张反射", "C": "排尿反射", "D": "勃起反射"}, "answer": "肺扩张反射", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "典型霍乱患者,发病后最先出现的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "畏寒、发热", "B": "声音嘶哑", "C": "剧烈腹泻,继之呕吐", "D": "腹部绞痛"}, "answer": "剧烈腹泻,继之呕吐", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.儿童类风湿病易于侵犯的关节(  )。", "options": {"A": "心尖搏动弥散,心音低钝", "B": "心脏杂音早期随病情有变化", "C": "以膝、踝、腕、肘大关节为主", "D": "以趾、指、颞、颌小关节为主"}, "answer": "以趾、指、颞、颌小关节为主", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "24岁初孕妇,末次月经2003年3月10日。于2003年10月13日就诊,检查宫底在脐上两横指,枕左前位,胎心率正常。现在应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "妊娠满30周,宫底高度低于正常", "B": "妊娠满31局,宫底高度符合正常情况", "C": "妊娠满31周,宫底高度低于正常", "D": "妊娠满31周,宫底高度高于正常"}, "answer": "妊娠满31周,宫底高度低于正常", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某病人因外伤致使脊髓腰1节段右侧半横断,损伤平面以下会出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "右侧痛温觉丧失", "B": "右侧粗触觉丧失", "C": "右侧肢体感觉丧失", "D": "左侧肢体随意运动丧失"}, "answer": "右侧肢体感觉丧失", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,54岁。渐进性水肿半年,无糖尿病病史,Cr 78mmol/L,C3正常,ANA(-),蛋白尿(++),血压150/90mmHg。1.该患者的肾脏病理类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急进性肾小球肾炎", "B": "膜性肾病", "C": "脂性肾病", "D": "IgA肾病"}, "answer": "膜性肾病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.2岁小儿外伤致股骨干骨折(  )。", "options": {"A": "切开复位、内固定", "B": "悬吊牵引", "C": "骨牵引", "D": "手法复位,石膏外固定"}, "answer": "悬吊牵引", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.肠道传染病夏季高发,呼吸道传染病冬春季高发属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "短期波动", "B": "季节性", "C": "周期性", "D": "长期趋势"}, "answer": "季节性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "诊断癫痫主要靠(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经系统检查", "B": "头颅X线平片", "C": "脑脊液检查", "D": "病史询问"}, "answer": "病史询问", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对β-内酰类抗生素抗菌作用机制的叙述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "触发细菌的自溶酶活性", "B": "抑制细菌的自溶酶活性", "C": "阻碍菌细胞壁黏肽合成", "D": "菌体膨胀变形"}, "answer": "抑制细菌的自溶酶活性", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.医疗法律关系的内容(  )。", "options": {"A": "医生、患者各自的权利与义务", "B": "医务人员疏忽大意违反卫生法律相关规定,给患者造成明显人身伤害", "C": "为避免患者的生命健康利益受到损害,医疗机构或医务人员自愿为患者提供医疗服务的行为", "D": "医患之间就医疗某环节产生认识上的分歧,且患方提出损害赔偿"}, "answer": "医生、患者各自的权利与义务", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.股骨头缺血性坏死病变始于(  )。", "options": {"A": "滑膜", "B": "软骨", "C": "骨", "D": "关节囊"}, "answer": "骨", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.绒毛膜癌首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生物治疗", "B": "放射治疗", "C": "化学药物治疗", "D": "中药治疗"}, "answer": "化学药物治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不属于弥漫性结缔组织病范畴的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "类风湿关节炎", "B": "骨性关节炎", "C": "系统性红斑狼疮", "D": "多发性肌炎"}, "answer": "骨性关节炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪种病理类型的甲状腺癌预后最差?(  )", "options": {"A": "滤泡状腺癌", "B": "未分化癌", "C": "髓样癌", "D": "甲状腺瘤恶变"}, "answer": "未分化癌", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.卵巢浆液性囊腺癌最常用的肿瘤标记物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清hCG", "B": "血清CA125", "C": "血清AFP", "D": "血清雄激素"}, "answer": "血清CA125", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.国家法定献血的年龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "献血者年龄25岁健康男子", "B": "不合格的血液", "C": "献血者年龄18~55岁", "D": "采血新技术"}, "answer": "献血者年龄18~55岁", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列不符合脑膜炎双球菌的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "仅存在于人体的细菌", "B": "奈瑟菌属", "C": "革兰阳性菌", "D": "在普通培养基上不能生长"}, "answer": "革兰阳性菌", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,64岁。右上腹剧痛17天,伴发热10天。乙肝病史20年,慢性支气管炎病史8年。查体:体温38.3℃,慢性病容,颈静脉无怒张,双肺呼吸音减弱,未闻及湿啰音,腹膨隆,肝右肋下4cm,双下肢凹陷性水肿。肝功能检查正常。1.该患者肝大最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋巴瘤", "B": "胆道感染", "C": "肝脓肿", "D": "胃癌"}, "answer": "肝脓肿", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "非典型性增生是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "增生的上皮细胞的形态呈现一定程度的异型性,但不足以诊断为癌", "B": "细胞增生,但不典型", "C": "细胞增生,核浆比例正常", "D": "轻度非典型增生称为上皮内瘤变Ⅲ级"}, "answer": "增生的上皮细胞的形态呈现一定程度的异型性,但不足以诊断为癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1mol软脂酸(16碳)彻底氧化成CO2和水时,净生成ATP的摩尔数为多少?(  )", "options": {"A": "105", "B": "125", "C": "129", "D": "146"}, "answer": "129", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.皮肤弹性差,尿少,四肢凉,血压低,血清钠125mmol/L(  )。", "options": {"A": "低渗性脱水", "B": "高渗性脱水", "C": "等渗性脱水", "D": "代谢性酸中毒"}, "answer": "低渗性脱水", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "冈崎片段是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "前导链上合成的DNA片段", "B": "随从链上合成的DNA片段", "C": "由DNA连接酶合成的DNA片段", "D": "引物酶催化合成的RNA片段"}, "answer": "随从链上合成的DNA片段", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症,主要是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "血钙迅速转移至骨骼", "B": "血浆蛋白浓度降低", "C": "血磷增加", "D": "血中钙离子降低"}, "answer": "血中钙离子降低", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在婴儿喂养中如母乳不足而未及时添加其他乳品,最可能引起的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化功能紊乱", "B": "蛋白质、热能营养不良", "C": "结核病", "D": "免疫功能低下"}, "answer": "蛋白质、热能营养不良", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "诊断慢性呼吸衰竭最重要的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有呼吸困难发绀等症状", "B": "意识障碍伴球结膜水肿", "C": "SaO2<90%", "D": "PaO2<60mmHg,或伴有PaCO2>50mmHg"}, "answer": "PaO2<60mmHg,或伴有PaCO2>50mmHg", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "外阴阴道念珠菌病传染主要途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内源性", "B": "血液", "C": "垂直", "D": "性生活"}, "answer": "内源性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.小于胎龄儿(SGA)的标准是指出生体重在同胎龄儿平均出生体重的(  )。", "options": {"A": "第10~90百分位", "B": "第90百分位以上", "C": "第10百分位以下", "D": "第10~85百分位"}, "answer": "第10百分位以下", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下哪项是大脑中动脉皮质支闭塞引起对侧偏瘫的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "均等性轻偏瘫", "B": "偏瘫以下肢为重", "C": "偏瘫以上肢为重", "D": "上下肢均为0级瘫"}, "answer": "偏瘫以上肢为重", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.停用或减少精神活性物质出现意识障碍,幻觉及情绪改变的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Wernick脑病", "B": "依赖综合征", "C": "戒断综合征", "D": "Korsakoff综合征"}, "answer": "戒断综合征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.与邻居吵架(  )。", "options": {"A": "化学因素", "B": "物理因素", "C": "与工作有关的应激源", "D": "心理应激源"}, "answer": "与工作有关的应激源", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "刚出生的新生儿血红蛋白量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "120~180g/L", "B": "110~170g/L", "C": "130~190g/L", "D": "150~220g/L"}, "answer": "150~220g/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "冯医生最近被任命为医务科的科长,其工作中的一个重要方面是处理医疗事故,对于处理医疗事故他有自己的理解,下列他的理解中正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "因为要求病历书写要及时,所以如遇抢救危急患者未能及时书写病历时,不能根据回忆补记,仅写一份抢救病人未能记载病历的报告上交医院管理部门即可", "B": "患者要求复印病历的时候,医疗机构自行将相关内容复印之后交给患者即可", "C": "医院为患者复印病历不能向患者收取任何费用", "D": "医院发生了有患者死亡的医疗事故应该在12小时之内上报所在地卫生行政部门"}, "answer": "医院发生了有患者死亡的医疗事故应该在12小时之内上报所在地卫生行政部门", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症的隐性体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "喉痉挛", "B": "Kerning(克氏)征阳性", "C": "Trousseau(陶瑟)征阳性", "D": "Barbinski(巴氏)征阳性"}, "answer": "Trousseau(陶瑟)征阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "原发性肝癌肝外转移最主要的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺", "B": "骨", "C": "肝内", "D": "腹腔内种植"}, "answer": "肺", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列不符合原发性三叉神经痛的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病理发现三叉神经脱髓鞘,轴索变细", "B": "其机制可能为产生异位冲动或伪突触传递", "C": "部分可发现颅后窝异常小血管团压迫三叉神经根", "D": "病理可发现三叉神经肿瘤样增生"}, "answer": "病理可发现三叉神经肿瘤样增生", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "29岁,初孕妇,妊娠37周。有妊娠期糖尿病,胎心率140次/min。产前监护NST无反应型。首先采用的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "做OCT", "B": "行B型超声生物物理评分", "C": "人工破膜了解羊水性状", "D": "立即剖宫产"}, "answer": "行B型超声生物物理评分", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女婴,10个月。体重10kg,头围45cm,方颅,前囟1.5cm×1.0cm,平坦,今晨突然抽搐一次,持续1~2分钟缓解。当时测体温37.5℃,抽搐后即入睡。醒后活动如常。查血钙1.75mmol/L(7mg/dL),血磷45mmol/L(4.5mg/dL)。最可能的惊厥原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑积水,脑发育不良", "B": "低血糖", "C": "癫痫", "D": "低钙惊厥"}, "answer": "低钙惊厥", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "与思维破裂关系最密切的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癔症", "B": "精神发育迟滞", "C": "精神分裂症", "D": "偏执性精神病"}, "answer": "精神分裂症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心身疾病的界定条件是(  )。", "options": {"A": "具有由心理因素引起的躯体症状", "B": "具有明显的器质性病理改变或病理生理变化", "C": "不是神经症和精神病", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有限的器官供体与大量需要移植器官的病人之间存在供不应求的矛盾。因此,对有限器官供体的分配存在着尖锐的伦理问题。尽管争论激烈,但在下列争论的问题中有一点是绝大多数国家明确反对的(  )。", "options": {"A": "有限的器官供体应根据什么原则进行分配", "B": "由谁做出裁决", "C": "根据什么原则裁决", "D": "使器官供体商品化,以扩大移植器官的来源"}, "answer": "使器官供体商品化,以扩大移植器官的来源", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,38岁,腹痛、反酸9年。1周来症状加重,并出现夜间痛,进食能部分缓解。2.最有助于明确诊断的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃液分析", "B": "胃肠钡餐", "C": "胃镜", "D": "腹部B超"}, "answer": "胃镜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,4岁,诊断为先天性甲状腺功能减低症,给甲状腺素片治疗,医生嘱咐,出现下述情况考虑为甲状腺素片过量,但哪一项除外?(  )", "options": {"A": "食欲好转", "B": "发热", "C": "心悸", "D": "腹泻"}, "answer": "食欲好转", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,58岁。胃部不适伴反酸20年,近1周来腹胀、恶心、呕吐,吐出大量宿食,每天1~2次。查体:呼吸浅,17次/分,血压正常。上腹部可见胃型,轻压痛。测血K+ 3.0mmol/L,Na+ 130mmol/L,Cl- 90mmol/L,CO2CP 45mmol/L。该患者的酸碱平衡失调的类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸性碱中毒", "B": "呼吸性酸中毒", "C": "代谢性酸中毒", "D": "代谢性碱中毒"}, "answer": "代谢性碱中毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.菌痢假膜形成属(  )。", "options": {"A": "蜂窝织炎", "B": "脓肿", "C": "纤维索性炎", "D": "积脓"}, "answer": "纤维索性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,40岁。尿频、尿痛伴肉眼血尿1天,尿中可见血块。尿沉渣镜检示:红细胞满视野,白细胞30~40个/HP。应首先考虑的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿路肿瘤", "B": "急性肾炎", "C": "尿路感染", "D": "尿路结石"}, "answer": "尿路感染", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "新生儿溶血症的换血量约为婴儿全血量的(  )。", "options": {"A": "1.5倍", "B": "2倍", "C": "2.5倍", "D": "3倍"}, "answer": "2倍", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "判断早期宫内妊娠最准确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B超检查", "B": "停经史", "C": "黄体酮试验", "D": "黑加征阳性"}, "answer": "B超检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,45岁。进食高脂餐并饮酒后上腹持续疼痛8小时,呕吐2次后疼痛无缓解。查体:T 37.8℃,上腹偏左压痛、反跳痛阳性。3.如需使用抗生素治疗,抗生素选择的最佳配伍是甲硝唑和(  )。", "options": {"A": "克林霉素", "B": "环丙沙星", "C": "头孢拉啶", "D": "青霉素"}, "answer": "环丙沙星", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿溶血主要为(  )。", "options": {"A": "血管内溶血", "B": "血管外溶血", "C": "原位溶血", "D": "血管内、外溶血"}, "answer": "血管内溶血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列关于肽键性质和组成的叙述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "由Cα和N组成", "B": "由Cα1和Cα2组成", "C": "肽键可以自由旋转", "D": "肽键有一定程度双键性质"}, "answer": "肽键有一定程度双键性质", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.房间隔缺损X线检查可见(  )。", "options": {"A": "右房、右室大", "B": "左、右室大,左房右房也大", "C": "左房、左室大", "D": "左、右室大、左房也大"}, "answer": "右房、右室大", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有一患者伤后表现为单侧坐骨神经痛及腰痛,直腿抬高试验及加强试验阳性,脊柱侧弯,踝反射异常,足趾跖屈力减退,此时最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰椎间盘突出症", "B": "类风湿脊柱炎", "C": "腰椎骶化", "D": "骶椎裂"}, "answer": "腰椎间盘突出症", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.患儿1岁,表情呆滞,眼距宽,舌常伸出口外,鼻梁宽平,毛发稀少,面部黏液性水肿,皮肤粗糙,躯干长,四肢短(  )。", "options": {"A": "21-三体综合征", "B": "18-三体综合征", "C": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症", "D": "苯丙酮尿症"}, "answer": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,35岁,胫骨中1/3骨折,最容易发生的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨筋膜室综合征", "B": "腓总神经损伤", "C": "骨折延迟愈合", "D": "膝关节僵硬"}, "answer": "骨折延迟愈合", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医师注册后应当注销注册的情形之一是(  )。", "options": {"A": "受罚款行政处罚", "B": "受警告行政处罚", "C": "受责令暂停6个月执业活动的行政处罚", "D": "受吊销执业证书行政处罚的"}, "answer": "受吊销执业证书行政处罚的", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.输尿管结石时尿量减少的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球毛细血管血压下降", "B": "肾小球滤过总面积减小", "C": "血浆胶体渗透压升高", "D": "囊内压升高"}, "answer": "囊内压升高", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "DNA上某段碱基顺序为5'-ATCGT-TA-3',其互补链相对应的mRNA碱基顺序应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "5'-TAGCAAT-3'", "B": "5'-AUCGUUA-5'", "C": "3'-UAGCAAU-5'", "D": "5'-ATCGTTA-3'"}, "answer": "3'-UAGCAAU-5'", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,35岁。间断腹痛、腹泻5年。发作时大便3~5次/日,带黏液,无脓血,便后腹痛缓解,受凉及紧张后症状加重,无发热,抗生素治疗无效,发病以来体重无明显变化。粪隐血试验阴性。2.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溃疡性结肠炎", "B": "慢性细菌性痢疾", "C": "肠结核", "D": "肠易激综合征"}, "answer": "肠易激综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "屈指肌腱损伤,修复后提倡(  )。", "options": {"A": "固定4周后开始活动", "B": "保护性被动活动", "C": "固定3周后逐渐练习功能", "D": "固定2周后开始功能练习"}, "answer": "保护性被动活动", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "乳儿期心理问题须注意(  )。", "options": {"A": "加强母婴联结", "B": "注重三大训练", "C": "创造丰富的感知环境", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "加强母婴联结", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "降结肠癌最常见的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "恶心、呕吐", "B": "大量频繁腹泻", "C": "排便习惯改变", "D": "便血"}, "answer": "大量频繁腹泻", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,16岁。自幼身体较差,经常“感冒”。近年来,常感乏力。检查:心率85次/分,血压100/60mmHg,心前区闻及舒张期杂音,双肺底少许湿啰音。X线检查:左心房轻微扩大。该患者应考虑下述哪种疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "先天性房间隔缺损", "B": "风湿性心脏病,二尖瓣狭窄", "C": "风湿性心脏病,主动脉瓣关闭不全", "D": "急性风湿热"}, "answer": "风湿性心脏病,二尖瓣狭窄", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "骨盆骨折最重要的体征,是(  )。", "options": {"A": "反常活动", "B": "局部压痛及间接挤压痛", "C": "骨擦音及骨擦感", "D": "肿胀及淤斑"}, "answer": "局部压痛及间接挤压痛", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "病人的自主权或决定权在以下哪种情况下有效?(  )", "options": {"A": "患传染病时", "B": "与某个病人的利益冲突时", "C": "与自我健康利益冲突时", "D": "医生的特殊干涉权面前"}, "answer": "与自我健康利益冲突时", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "慢性盆腔炎时输卵管、卵巢病理变化不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性输卵管炎", "B": "输卵管积水", "C": "输卵管卵巢炎", "D": "输卵管卵巢脓肿"}, "answer": "输卵管卵巢脓肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,6岁,持续发热2周,伴双下肢关节酸痛、乏力来院。2周前患扁桃体炎,曾用青霉素治疗3天。T 38.0℃,P 92次/min,面色苍白,心尖区1/6级收缩期杂音,左踝关节稍红肿,轻压痛,活动障碍,胸腹部散在红色斑丘疹,压之褪色,1cm×2cm大小,中央色淡,高热时明显。3.入院后,按上述诊断治疗,下列不妥的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性期卧床休息", "B": "少量多餐富于营养", "C": "肌注青霉素", "D": "口服泼尼松"}, "answer": "口服泼尼松", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,22岁。4周前发热、咳嗽、流涕,持续1周后自愈。近1周心悸、气短。否认心脏病史。查体:T 36.2℃,BP 110/65mmHg,心界不大。血清CK-MB水平增高。心电图示窦性心律,心率103次/分,P-R间期0.21秒,余未见异常。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性心肌梗死", "B": "急性心包炎", "C": "扩张型心肌病", "D": "病毒性心肌炎"}, "answer": "病毒性心肌炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "维生素D缺乏手足搐搦症发生惊厥时,除给氧和保持呼吸道通畅外,应立即采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉补充钙剂", "B": "肌注硫酸镁", "C": "静注或肌注地西泮", "D": "静滴甘露醇"}, "answer": "静注或肌注地西泮", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "治疗耐青霉素G金葡菌感染可选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯唑西林、头孢氨苄、庆大霉素", "B": "头孢氨苄、红霉素、四环素", "C": "氨苄西林、红霉素、林可霉素", "D": "羧苄西林、头孢氨苄、庆大霉素"}, "answer": "苯唑西林、头孢氨苄、庆大霉素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "根据移植物来源,哪种肾存活率最高(  )。", "options": {"A": "同胞供体肾", "B": "亲属供体肾", "C": "异种供体肾", "D": "父母亲的肾"}, "answer": "同胞供体肾", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "5.小脑病变的步态是(  )。", "options": {"A": "划圈样步态", "B": "剪刀状步态", "C": "慌张步态", "D": "醉汉步态"}, "answer": "醉汉步态", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列各类氨基酸中不含必需氨基酸的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "碱性氨基酸", "B": "含硫氨基酸", "C": "酸性氨基酸", "D": "支链氨基酸"}, "answer": "酸性氨基酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于脑出血的治疗,下述哪一项是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "每日静脉补液2500ml以上", "B": "收缩压维持在120~135mmHg", "C": "大剂量止血芳酸", "D": "保持安静,积极抗脑水肿"}, "answer": "保持安静,积极抗脑水肿", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪种病变属于渗出性炎?(  )", "options": {"A": "水样变性", "B": "肝硬变腹水", "C": "气性坏疽", "D": "绒毛心"}, "answer": "绒毛心", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "婴儿维生素D缺乏佝偻病初期的主要表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "嗜睡、疲乏无力", "B": "生长发育迟缓", "C": "“O”形腿", "D": "多汗、睡眠不安、易激惹"}, "answer": "多汗、睡眠不安、易激惹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "按诊断标准,下列哪项不是诊断类风湿性关节炎的必备关节表现(  )。", "options": {"A": "关节肿痛≥6周", "B": "腕、掌指、指间关节肿", "C": "关节畸形", "D": "晨僵"}, "answer": "关节畸形", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "与幽门螺旋杆菌感染相关性不确定的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化性溃疡", "B": "反流性食管炎", "C": "胃粘膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤", "D": "胃癌"}, "answer": "反流性食管炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "现有若干人都想开设自己的私人诊所,从事口腔科门诊治疗,根据下列题目中叙述的情形,哪位有可能被准予注册,进行个体行医?(  )", "options": {"A": "张某:行医已有20余年,3年前因身体因素退休在家,日前身体恢复良好", "B": "王某:已在某医院作为执业医师工作满5年,但业绩平平", "C": "李某:一年前曾因盗窃罪被判处有期徒刑6个月,现已刑满释放", "D": "陈某:年仅十五岁,但自幼年在其父开办的诊所中帮忙,聪明好学,医术精湛"}, "answer": "王某:已在某医院作为执业医师工作满5年,但业绩平平", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "透明血栓多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "大动脉", "B": "小动脉", "C": "微循环小血管内", "D": "大静脉"}, "answer": "微循环小血管内", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿10个月,因间断腹泻2个月,面色苍白1个月就诊。大便2~3次/日,呈糊状,母乳喂养,4个月添加辅食。患儿3个月时因患坏死性小肠结肠炎,而行小肠大部切除术,术后一般情况渐好转。体检:皮肤黏膜苍白,舌细微震颤,心脏(-),肝肋下2.5cm,脾肋下1cm。5.下述治疗方法欠妥的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "添加富含铁、维生素B12及叶酸的辅食", "B": "口服叶酸5mg/次+维生素C 0.1~0.3g/次,每日3次", "C": "少量多次输血以刺激骨髓造血", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "少量多次输血以刺激骨髓造血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.糖、脂肪酸、氨基酸分解代谢的共同交汇点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙酮酸", "B": "草酰乙酸", "C": "乙酰辅酶A", "D": "葡萄糖-1-磷酸"}, "answer": "乙酰辅酶A", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.初产妇,临产5小时,全腹剧痛1小时,阴道少量出血。检查血压80/50mmHg,脉搏120次/分。腹部检查:子宫板状硬,胎位不清,胎心听不到。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫破裂", "B": "先兆子宫破裂", "C": "胎盘早剥", "D": "脐带脱垂"}, "answer": "胎盘早剥", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "维系蛋白质一级结构的主要化学键是(  )。", "options": {"A": "二硫键", "B": "范德华力", "C": "离子键", "D": "肽键"}, "answer": "肽键", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "35岁的母亲要求医生为2个月的女儿健康查体。小儿眼距宽,外眦上斜,鼻根低平,伸舌于两唇之间,头围30cm,通贯手,心前区可闻及2级收缩期杂音,腹膨隆。医生若要确诊应做进一步的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口腔黏膜上皮细胞的X染色质检查", "B": "细胞遗传学检查", "C": "甲状腺功能检查", "D": "骨骼X线检查"}, "answer": "细胞遗传学检查", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "较稳定的股骨颈骨折是(  )。", "options": {"A": "外展型", "B": "头下型", "C": "内收型", "D": "颈基底部"}, "answer": "外展型", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.脑栓塞的常见表现(  )。", "options": {"A": "意识丧失,双侧针尖样瞳孔、四肢瘫痪", "B": "突发剧烈头痛、呕吐、脑膜刺激征,右侧偏瘫", "C": "安静时发生偏瘫、偏身感觉障碍瘫痪,无意识障碍", "D": "活动中急骤发生瘫痪、偏身感觉障碍,伴短暂意识障碍"}, "answer": "活动中急骤发生瘫痪、偏身感觉障碍,伴短暂意识障碍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列不是胃食管反流病并发症的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃癌", "B": "食管狭窄", "C": "食管腺癌", "D": "消化道出血"}, "answer": "胃癌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不属于免疫耐受机制的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "克隆消除", "B": "胸腺内阴性选择", "C": "T细胞克隆无能", "D": "免疫抑制"}, "answer": "免疫抑制", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.急性风湿性心脏炎,抗风湿治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿司匹林", "B": "泼尼松", "C": "青霉素", "D": "红霉素"}, "answer": "泼尼松", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性出血坏死型胰腺炎最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部平片", "B": "腹部B超", "C": "腹部CT", "D": "血常规"}, "answer": "腹部CT", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,48岁。近1年月经周期延长,经量增多及经期延长,此次月经量多且持续12天。妇科检查子宫稍大稍软。有效的止血措施应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉注射立止血(或6-氨基己酸)", "B": "口服大量安宫黄体酮", "C": "口服大剂量雌激素", "D": "行刮宫术"}, "answer": "行刮宫术", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,12岁,昨晚进食海鲜,今晨开始畏寒,发热、腹痛,以左下腹甚,腹泻伴明显里急后重,大便8次,初为稀便,继之为黏液脓血便。1.此病例的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性细菌性痢疾轻型(不典型)", "B": "急性细菌性痢疾普通型(典型)", "C": "急性细菌性痢疾中毒型", "D": "急性胃肠炎"}, "answer": "急性细菌性痢疾普通型(典型)", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于基因表达概念的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多数基因表达经历基因激活、转录及翻译过程", "B": "某些基因表达的产物是蛋白质分子", "C": "所有基因表达的产物都是蛋白质分子", "D": "某些基因表达的产物是RNA分子"}, "answer": "所有基因表达的产物都是蛋白质分子", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医疗机构的医务人员违反献血法规定,将不符合国家规定标准的血液用于患者的,可能承担下列法律责任,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "民事赔偿", "B": "罚款", "C": "行政处分", "D": "刑事责任"}, "answer": "罚款", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "手足皮肤呈大片状脱皮,且无色素沉着的发疹性疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "猩红热", "B": "麻疹", "C": "水痘", "D": "风疹"}, "answer": "猩红热", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "9个月婴儿,近1个月夜惊、睡眠差、多汗、烦躁,运动发育迟,刚会坐,不能爬。查体:前囟大,方颅,有哈氏沟及串珠。1.为了确定诊断应做的血化验(  )。", "options": {"A": "血常规", "B": "血糖", "C": "血的酸碱度", "D": "血钙、磷及碱性磷酸酶"}, "answer": "血钙、磷及碱性磷酸酶", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,50岁。呕血3小时。晚餐进食粗糙食物后突发呕鲜血,量约600ml。乙肝病史30年,曾有黑便史。查体:T 36.5℃,P 110次/分,R 20次/分,BP 110/70mmHg。皮肤未见出血点,可见肝掌。双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心律齐。腹软,无压痛,肝肋下未触及,脾肋下2cm。2.患者拟接受手术止血,最主要的处置是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结扎切断贲门周围血管", "B": "结扎切断胃十二指肠血管", "C": "结扎切断右及左胃网膜血管", "D": "缝合结扎食管旁曲张静脉"}, "answer": "结扎切断贲门周围血管", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "全程肉眼血尿提示血尿源于(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿道", "B": "肾小球", "C": "膀胱三角区", "D": "膀胱颈部"}, "answer": "肾小球", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.高血压病左心室增大称(  )。", "options": {"A": "肥大", "B": "萎缩", "C": "化生", "D": "代偿"}, "answer": "肥大", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "散发性先天性甲状腺功能减低症病因中不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺不发育或发育不全", "B": "甲状腺素合成障碍", "C": "甲状腺或靶器官反应低下", "D": "碘缺乏"}, "answer": "碘缺乏", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,33岁。右上腹外伤2小时。查体:P 120次/分,R 28次/分,BP 90/60mmHg。全腹有压痛、反跳感,以右上腹为著,移动性浊音(+)。最有意义的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部B超", "B": "立位腹部X线平片", "C": "腹部CT", "D": "诊断性腹腔穿刺"}, "answer": "诊断性腹腔穿刺", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "诊断颅内占位病变,无痛、安全、准确的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头颅CT", "B": "脑血管造影", "C": "脑电图", "D": "头颅X线平片"}, "answer": "头颅CT", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述组合哪一项正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "急性粒细胞自血病——特异性皮肤损害多见", "B": "急性淋巴细胞白血病——儿童病例绿色瘤常见", "C": "M3——多伴DIC", "D": "慢性淋巴细胞白血病一多见急变"}, "answer": "M3——多伴DIC", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "青霉素引起的溶血性贫血通常是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素非特异吸附活化补体成分", "B": "青霉素吸附于红细胞,并同抗青霉素抗体反应", "C": "形成可溶性免疫复合物,吸附于红细胞膜,活化补体或吞噬作用", "D": "上述都不是"}, "answer": "青霉素吸附于红细胞,并同抗青霉素抗体反应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以下关于血栓的说法正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤维素血栓易溶解吸收", "B": "可形成静脉石", "C": "再通可恢复正常循环", "D": "可阻塞动静脉"}, "answer": "再通可恢复正常循环", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,43岁,四肢无力,站立不稳,进行性加重半年,无外伤史。查体:双下肢肌张力高、腱反射亢进。Hoffmann征(+),Babinski征(+)。2.治疗方法应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "颏枕带牵引", "B": "手术治疗", "C": "推拿按摩", "D": "带围领和颈托"}, "answer": "手术治疗", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.尿激酶、链激酶(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑代谢活化剂", "B": "溶栓治疗", "C": "血液稀释疗法", "D": "脑保护剂"}, "answer": "溶栓治疗", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性焦虑状态即普遍性焦虑症一般不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "震颤", "B": "胸部紧压感", "C": "尿频、尿急", "D": "气透不过来,濒死感"}, "answer": "气透不过来,濒死感", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.高血压伴支气管哮喘患者禁用(  )。", "options": {"A": "螺内酯", "B": "氨氯地平", "C": "维拉帕米缓释剂", "D": "美托洛尔"}, "answer": "美托洛尔", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医患关系模式从主动-被动、指导-合作到共同参与型,医生对患者的“主导”作用逐渐(  ),沟通能力要求逐渐(  )。", "options": {"A": "消弱、增高", "B": "消弱、减弱", "C": "增高、减弱", "D": "增高、不变"}, "answer": "消弱、增高", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "新生儿初生时网织红细胞数0.05提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "正常现象", "B": "生理性溶血", "C": "生理性贫血", "D": "新生儿溶血症"}, "answer": "正常现象", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,34岁。寒战、高热、咳血痰1周。2周前干农活时右小腿外伤。查体:T 39.7℃,神志清楚,精神差。双肺未闻及干湿性啰音。右外踝上方可见小脓痂。血常规WBC 17×109/L,N 0.95。胸部X线片发现右下肺、左上肺类圆形阴影。其内可见空洞及液平。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血源性肺脓肿", "B": "真菌性肺炎", "C": "吸入性肺脓肿", "D": "肺结核"}, "answer": "血源性肺脓肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一般认为在服毒后多长时间内洗胃有效(  )。", "options": {"A": "1小时", "B": "3小时", "C": "6小时", "D": "24小时"}, "answer": "6小时", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是膜性肾小球肾炎的主要病理特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "肾小球系膜细胞和内皮细胞增生", "B": "肾小球基底膜弥漫性增厚并有钉突形成", "C": "肾小球系膜细胞增生、基底膜增厚及分层", "D": "肾小球脏层上皮细胞足突消失"}, "answer": "肾小球基底膜弥漫性增厚并有钉突形成", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "动脉血气分析结果符合早期换气功能衰竭的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "PaO2 80mmHg,PaCO2 45mmHg", "B": "PaO2 50mmHg,PaCO2 35mmHg", "C": "PaO2 35mmHg,PaCO2 27mmHg", "D": "PaO2 80mmHg,PaCO2 60mmHg"}, "answer": "PaO2 50mmHg,PaCO2 35mmHg", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于胃液分泌调节的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "将胃液分泌分成头期、胃期和肠期是根据接受食物刺激的部位划分的", "B": "头期、胃期和肠期胃液分泌几乎是同时开始、互相重叠的", "C": "头期胃液分泌是通过迷走神经完成的纯神经反射活动", "D": "谈论美味食物时引起的胃液分泌属于头期胃液分泌"}, "answer": "头期胃液分泌是通过迷走神经完成的纯神经反射活动", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,28岁。劳累后心悸、气短6年,加重伴咳粉红色泡沫痰1周。查体:心界扩大,心律绝对不齐,心尖部可闻及双期杂音。超声心动图示二尖瓣重度狭窄及中度关闭不全。该患者最恰当的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "先抗心衰治疗,择期行二尖瓣瓣膜修补术", "B": "先抗心衰治疗,择期行二尖瓣置换术", "C": "立即行二尖瓣球囊扩张术", "D": "立即行二尖瓣置换术"}, "answer": "先抗心衰治疗,择期行二尖瓣置换术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.ca2+-钙调蛋白激酶途径可被上述哪一种物质激活?(  )", "options": {"A": "IRS-1", "B": "IP93", "C": "DG", "D": "神经生长因子"}, "answer": "IP93", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.以蛋白质不足为主的营养不良表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体重明显下降,全身消瘦", "B": "全身水肿,皮肤发亮,苍白", "C": "心音低钝,血压下降", "D": "突然面色苍白,神志不清"}, "answer": "全身水肿,皮肤发亮,苍白", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.结核性脑膜炎脑脊液检查往往需要做(  )。", "options": {"A": "外观清亮的", "B": "墨汁染色", "C": "脑脊液白细胞数为数百至数千", "D": "抗酸染色"}, "answer": "抗酸染色", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "PPD结果判断中,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硬结直径10~20mm为(+)", "B": "有水疱局部坏死为(++++)", "C": "硬结直径>20mm为(++)", "D": "硬结直径>10mm为强阳性"}, "answer": "有水疱局部坏死为(++++)", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗麻风的广谱抗菌药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "链霉素", "B": "乙胺丁醇", "C": "异烟肼", "D": "利福平"}, "answer": "利福平", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某患者突然出现高热、乏力,伴有腓肠肌疼痛、眼结膜出血及淋巴结肿大。印象诊断是钩体病。该病原体的主要传染源和储存宿主是(  )。", "options": {"A": "猪和犬", "B": "鼠和犬", "C": "鼠和猪", "D": "羊和牛"}, "answer": "鼠和猪", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "28岁女性,产后8个月,哺乳。厌食1周。妇科检查子宫软,如妊娠40天大小,人工流产术中,探针探宫腔深度14cm,患者无明显腹痛,无阴道流血。2.应采取的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "继续操作吸宫", "B": "立即剖腹探查", "C": "后穹窿穿刺确定有无内出血", "D": "严密观察1周后再吸宫"}, "answer": "严密观察1周后再吸宫", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.伤后8小时以内的伤口属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "清洁伤口", "B": "沾染伤口", "C": "一期愈合", "D": "二期愈合"}, "answer": "沾染伤口", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "铅中毒时血和尿中ALA升高是由于下列哪项原因?(  )", "options": {"A": "ALAS受抑制", "B": "ALAD受抑制", "C": "琥珀酸脱氢酶受抑制", "D": "胆碱酯酶受抑制"}, "answer": "ALAD受抑制", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎的综合性预防措施正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "早期发现和隔离治疗病人", "B": "对接触者不必给予处置", "C": "流行期间儿童可以到拥挤的公共场所", "D": "脑膜炎球菌A群多糖体菌苗保护率为50%"}, "answer": "早期发现和隔离治疗病人", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于抑癌基因的正确叙述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "其产物具有抑制细胞增殖的能力", "B": "与癌基因的表达无关", "C": "不存在于人类正常细胞", "D": "缺失与细胞的增殖和分化有关的因子"}, "answer": "其产物具有抑制细胞增殖的能力", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,6岁,昨日开始发热、咽痛、腹痛、口服速效感冒胶囊,热退,今晨又发热。查体:颜面潮红,口周苍白圈,咽部充血,双扁桃腺肿大,躯干皮肤见红色细小丘疹,压之退色,心肺正常。诊断最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "风疹", "B": "麻疹", "C": "药疹", "D": "猩红热"}, "answer": "猩红热", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "疑为苯丙酮尿症的儿童初筛应做(  )。", "options": {"A": "Guthrie细菌生长抑制试验", "B": "血清苯丙氨酸浓度测定", "C": "尿三氯化铁试验", "D": "苯丙氨酸耐量试验"}, "answer": "尿三氯化铁试验", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肿瘤异型性越小,其(  )。", "options": {"A": "恶性程度越高", "B": "恶性程度越低", "C": "预后越差", "D": "分化越差"}, "answer": "恶性程度越低", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于新生儿生理性黄疸的临床特点,以下错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一般情况良好", "B": "足月儿2周内消退", "C": "早产儿3~4周消退", "D": "足月儿、早产儿的血清胆红素上限值均为205~257μmol/L"}, "answer": "足月儿、早产儿的血清胆红素上限值均为205~257μmol/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "经典型苯丙酮尿症,是由于缺乏下列哪种酶引起的苯丙氨酸代谢障碍?(  )", "options": {"A": "L-谷氨酸脱羧酶", "B": "6-丙酮酰四氢碟呤合成酶", "C": "酪氨酸羟化酶", "D": "苯丙氨酸-4-羟化酶"}, "answer": "苯丙氨酸-4-羟化酶", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "大环内酯类治疗无效的病原微生物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "G+菌", "B": "大肠杆菌、变形杆菌", "C": "军团菌", "D": "衣原体、支原体"}, "answer": "大肠杆菌、变形杆菌", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于枕左前位分娩机制的描述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "下降动作呈持续性", "B": "进入骨盆入口时,胎头呈俯屈状态", "C": "胎头颅骨最低点达骨盆最大平面时,出现内旋转", "D": "内旋转动作完成于第一产程末期"}, "answer": "内旋转动作完成于第一产程末期", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某患者,足底部黑痣,短期内长大,表面溃破,镜下见瘤细胞多边形,胞浆内有黑色素颗粒,核大,有嗜酸性核仁,应诊为(  )。", "options": {"A": "交界痣", "B": "混合痣", "C": "恶性黑色素瘤", "D": "无黑色素性黑色素瘤"}, "answer": "恶性黑色素瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.由两个半胱氨酸的-SH基氧化生成的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "丝氨酸", "B": "胱氨酸", "C": "蛋氨酸", "D": "苏氨酸"}, "answer": "胱氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "脱敏疗法可用于防治(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅰ型超敏反应", "B": "Ⅱ型超敏反应", "C": "Ⅳ型超敏反应", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "Ⅰ型超敏反应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,54岁,因数月来左臂震颤来门诊。患者左肘部于屈位时出现左手静止性的、快速的和规则的“搓丸”样震颤。检查在屈伸腕部时出现明显的齿轮样强直。两年后震颤加重,累及双臂。姿态强硬,很少眨眼。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "舞蹈病", "B": "帕金森综合征", "C": "扭转痉挛", "D": "投掷症"}, "answer": "帕金森综合征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "蛋白质一级结构是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "氨基酸的排列顺序", "B": "每一个氨基酸侧链的空间结构", "C": "局部主链的空间结构", "D": "每一个原子的相对空间位置"}, "answer": "氨基酸的排列顺序", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有补体参与的变态反应性疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管哮喘", "B": "粒细胞减少症", "C": "剥脱性皮炎", "D": "荨麻疹"}, "answer": "粒细胞减少症", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿10个月,方颅,多汗,胸骨肋膈沟;血钙正常、血磷低;X线可见骨骺软骨增宽,干骺端临时钙化带模糊,并呈毛刷状改变。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "佝偻病恢复期", "B": "佝偻病激期", "C": "佝偻病后遗症期", "D": "先天性佝偻病"}, "answer": "佝偻病激期", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在骨折的急救中,哪项处理不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "首先抢救生命", "B": "可用当时认为最清洁的布类包扎创口", "C": "开放外露的骨折断端均应立即复位", "D": "妥善的外固定十分重要"}, "answer": "开放外露的骨折断端均应立即复位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,65岁。冠心病心绞痛史8年,无高血压史,夜间突发心前区疼痛8小时入院,入院时血压为150/90mmHg。肺部未闻及湿啰音。心电图检查:V1~V3出现异常Q波伴ST段弓背向上抬高。2.此时最具特征性的实验室改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清AST水平增高", "B": "血清ALT水平增高", "C": "血清CK-MB水平增高", "D": "血清肌红蛋白下降"}, "answer": "血清CK-MB水平增高", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.哪项阻断抑制性神经介质的释放,导致肌肉痉挛?(  )", "options": {"A": "肉毒毒素", "B": "霍乱肠毒素", "C": "α毒素", "D": "破伤风痉挛毒素"}, "answer": "破伤风痉挛毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,58岁。既往体健,因头晕半天、黑便4次,急诊。血压80/50mmHg,心率124次/分,面色苍白,冷汗。1.首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肠炎", "B": "贲门癌", "C": "心肌梗死", "D": "食管下段癌出血"}, "answer": "食管下段癌出血", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一般认为婴儿每天排泄消耗的能量占总能量的(  )。", "options": {"A": "10%左右", "B": "20%左右", "C": "30%左右", "D": "40%左右"}, "answer": "10%左右", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,70岁。乏力、腰痛半个月。既往体健。查体:轻度贫血,腹部压痛,实验室检查:Hb 80g/L,WBC 5.6×109/L,PLT 156×109/L,血清总蛋白108g/L,清蛋白30g/L,血肌酐177μmol/L。骨髓细胞学检查示骨髓中异常浆细胞占0.45,腰椎X线片示第2腰椎压缩性骨折。1.为进一步明确检查,下一步最需做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血、尿免疫球蛋白鉴定", "B": "血清β1微球蛋白测定", "C": "尿本周蛋白测定", "D": "血清钙测定"}, "answer": "尿本周蛋白测定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "糖尿病患者,女,65岁。家庭主妇,初中文化程度。医生给予的饮食建议,容易理解和执行的说法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "“您每天摄入热量不能超过1200千卡”", "B": "“您必须严格控制饮食,要低盐、低脂、低糖饮食”", "C": "“每顿饭主食2两,少吃油腻的”", "D": "“不吃甜食、稀饭、甘蔗、西瓜、甜饮料,少吃肉、油,可吃点粗粮”"}, "answer": "“不吃甜食、稀饭、甘蔗、西瓜、甜饮料,少吃肉、油,可吃点粗粮”", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,32岁。活动后心悸、胸痛、喘息2月余。其兄24岁时猝死。查体:P 78次/分,BP 105/75mmHg,双肺呼吸音清,胸骨左缘第4肋间可闻及3/6级收缩期喷射样杂音。胸部X线片示心脏外形大致正常。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "风湿性心脏瓣膜病", "B": "房间隔缺损", "C": "肥厚型心肌病", "D": "限制型心肌病"}, "answer": "肥厚型心肌病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为潜伏性感染的意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "病原体与人体相互作用,保持暂时性平衡,当人体防御功能减弱时,可引起疾病", "B": "病原体侵入人体后,只引起轻微症状", "C": "病原体侵入人体发生免疫反应,不出现症状", "D": "病原体侵入人体,引起免疫反应,不出现症状"}, "answer": "病原体与人体相互作用,保持暂时性平衡,当人体防御功能减弱时,可引起疾病", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肺炎合并心衰的标准不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝脏突然增大", "B": "呼吸突然>60次/分", "C": "咳嗽突然加重", "D": "尿量明显减少或无尿"}, "answer": "咳嗽突然加重", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.窦房结细胞动作电位0期去极化是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "Cl-外流", "B": "Ca2+内流", "C": "K+内流", "D": "K+外流"}, "answer": "Ca2+内流", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "L2水平处输尿管上段,有直径1.2cm大小的结石,结石远端无梗阻,首选治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "体外震波碎石", "B": "输尿管镜下碎石", "C": "经皮肾镜下碎石", "D": "以上都可以"}, "answer": "体外震波碎石", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.肝炎后肝硬化所致的门静脉高压症的主要阻塞部位在(  )。", "options": {"A": "窦前", "B": "窦后", "C": "肝前", "D": "肝后"}, "answer": "窦后", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项不属于医者的义务?(  )", "options": {"A": "医疗的义务", "B": "减轻痛苦的义务", "C": "解释说明的义务", "D": "积极配合诊疗的义务"}, "answer": "积极配合诊疗的义务", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性脑综合征一般不出现的精神障碍是(  )。", "options": {"A": "思维障碍", "B": "人格障碍", "C": "意识障碍", "D": "情绪障碍"}, "answer": "意识障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "极重症营养性贫血的患者,需输血治疗时,其输血量应如何掌握?(  )", "options": {"A": "每次输血10~15ml/kg", "B": "每次输血5~10ml/kg", "C": "每次输血1~5ml/kg", "D": "随意"}, "answer": "每次输血5~10ml/kg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "地西泮的镇静催眠作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "作用于DA受体", "B": "作用于GABAA受体", "C": "作用于M受体", "D": "作用于α2受体"}, "answer": "作用于GABAA受体", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肉芽组织的结局是(  )。", "options": {"A": "填平伤口", "B": "纤维化", "C": "毛细血管演变为小动脉或小静脉", "D": "长期存留在体内"}, "answer": "纤维化", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "炎热夏季的某一天,气压很低,强烈阳光照射着交通繁忙的城市,一些居民突然出现了不同程度的眼睛红肿、流泪、咽痛、喘息、咳嗽、呼吸困难、头痛、胸闷等症状,导致出现这些症状可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CO急性中毒", "B": "光化学烟雾", "C": "附近火山喷发烟雾", "D": "某种传染病流行"}, "answer": "光化学烟雾", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "属于非细胞型微生物的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "沙眼衣原体", "B": "人类免疫缺陷病毒", "C": "霍乱弧菌", "D": "白色念珠菌"}, "answer": "人类免疫缺陷病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于真核基因顺式作用元件,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是DNA分子中的调节序列", "B": "沉默子是顺式作用元件", "C": "增强子是顺式作用元件", "D": "发挥作用与方向、距离关系密切"}, "answer": "发挥作用与方向、距离关系密切", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "主动脉瓣狭窄患者最重要的体征是主动脉瓣区(  )。", "options": {"A": "收缩期喷射性杂音", "B": "舒张期喷射性杂音", "C": "舒张期隆隆样杂音", "D": "舒张期叹气样杂音"}, "answer": "收缩期喷射性杂音", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "5岁男婴,第一胎第一产,足月,出生后母乳喂养,平时体质弱,常患病,如“肺炎”“气管炎”“腹泻”等,一直未添加辅食,近2日呕吐,1或2次/日,为胃内容物。查体:精神委靡,营养状况差,体重5kg,前囟已闭,心肺无异常,皮肤弹性差,皮下脂肪消失,四肢肌张力低下。2.下述哪一项措施不能用?(  )", "options": {"A": "必要时可采用鼻饲,供给足够的热量", "B": "10%~15%的葡萄糖每日10ml/kg供给", "C": "每日供给热量40kcal/kg,然后逐渐增加剂量", "D": "口服一些消化酶类制剂"}, "answer": "10%~15%的葡萄糖每日10ml/kg供给", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者6岁,出生后反复呼吸道感染,平时较少活动。查体:无发绀,心前区隆起,于胸骨左缘第3、4肋间闻及Ⅲ级粗糙全收期杂音,有震颤,肺动脉第二音亢进。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "法洛四联症", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "房间隔缺损", "D": "艾森曼格综合征"}, "answer": "室间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "中年男性,房屋倒塌致左小腿砸伤10小时,曾在外院求治,诊断为左小腿胫腓骨双骨折,行手法复位,小夹板外固定。回家后感左小腿及左足痛剧,遂来院就诊。检查见左小腿中段高度肿胀,坚硬,足部皮温较对侧低,感觉明显减退,足趾主动活动差,被动牵伸足趾可引起剧痛,左足背动脉触不到。其可能的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胫前动脉损伤", "B": "腓总神经损伤", "C": "脂肪栓塞", "D": "骨筋膜室综合征"}, "answer": "骨筋膜室综合征", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "甲巯咪唑(他巴唑)治疗弥漫性毒性甲状腺肿的原理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制甲状腺球蛋白的分解", "B": "抑制T4周围组织中转化为T3", "C": "抑制甲状腺过氧化物酶活性、酪氨酸碘化及碘化酪氨酸的偶联", "D": "抑制TsH与甲状腺滤泡上的受体结合"}, "answer": "抑制甲状腺过氧化物酶活性、酪氨酸碘化及碘化酪氨酸的偶联", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有关乳酸循环的描述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可防止乳酸在体内堆积", "B": "最终从尿中排除乳酸", "C": "可防止酸中毒", "D": "使能源物质避免损失"}, "answer": "最终从尿中排除乳酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某单位发生了以呕吐、腹泻、呈水样便为主要症状的食物中毒,防疫站调查后认定为与吃新鲜海米拌凉菜有关,请问致病菌可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "副溶血弧菌", "B": "产气荚膜杆菌", "C": "鼠伤寒杆菌", "D": "空肠弯曲菌"}, "answer": "副溶血弧菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "确定对某些传染病接触者留验检疫或医学观察的主要依据是该传染病的(  )。", "options": {"A": "临床症状期", "B": "病原携带期", "C": "传染期", "D": "潜伏期"}, "answer": "潜伏期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于温度与酶促反应速度关系的叙述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "酶都有最适温度", "B": "偏离最适温度时酶促反应速度降低", "C": "最适温度是酶的特征性常数", "D": "酶在短时间可耐受较高温度"}, "answer": "最适温度是酶的特征性常数", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,7个月,早产1个月,出生体重2.0kg,一直母乳喂养,目前体重8kg,近日发现小儿易惊,睡眠少,出汗多,查体:有方颅,前卤大,肋骨串珠。2.最可能的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生长过快", "B": "母乳喂养", "C": "日照不足", "D": "药物影响"}, "answer": "生长过快", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "T细胞活化的第一信号是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD4与MHCⅡ类分子的结合", "B": "TCR与抗原肽/MHC分子复合物的结合", "C": "IL-1与相应受体之间的相互作用", "D": "IL-2与相应受体之间的相互作用"}, "answer": "TCR与抗原肽/MHC分子复合物的结合", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "支原体、衣原体肺炎首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素", "B": "阿奇霉素", "C": "红霉素", "D": "氨基糖苷类"}, "answer": "红霉素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "戊型肝炎病毒的主要传播途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蚊虫叮咬传播", "B": "注射、输血", "C": "唾液传播", "D": "粪-口传播"}, "answer": "粪-口传播", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.在高疟区成人常服用哪种药物来预防疟疾?(  )", "options": {"A": "氯喹", "B": "卡巴砷", "C": "磷酸伯氨喹", "D": "甲硝唑"}, "answer": "磷酸伯氨喹", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1周岁小儿的胸围应约为(  )。", "options": {"A": "38cm", "B": "42cm", "C": "46cm", "D": "50cm"}, "answer": "46cm", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不用于检测排卵功能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B超检测卵巢排卵", "B": "肾上腺功能检测", "C": "月经周期后半期宫颈黏液检查", "D": "基础体温测定"}, "answer": "肾上腺功能检测", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某县妇幼保健站组织医疗队下乡为孕妇、产妇做健康方面检查。检查的下列主要内容中属于孕产妇保健服务的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "对碘缺乏病的发病原因、治疗和预防方法提供医学意见", "B": "对严重遗传性疾病的发病原因、治疗和预防方法提供医学意见", "C": "为产妇提供心理方面的咨询和指导", "D": "为胎儿生长发育提供咨询和医学指导"}, "answer": "为产妇提供心理方面的咨询和指导", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "原发性醛固酮增多症最早和最常见的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压", "B": "肌无力", "C": "水肿", "D": "手足搐搦"}, "answer": "高血压", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,69岁,间断上腹痛10余年,2月来加重伴饱胀,体重下降7kg,Hb 90g/L,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性胰腺炎", "B": "胃癌", "C": "消化性溃疡", "D": "功能性消化不良"}, "answer": "胃癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于人体实验医德要求的描述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "受试者利益服从科学利益", "B": "严谨的科学态度", "C": "严格履行受试者知情同意", "D": "充分尊重受试者权利,维护受试者的利益"}, "answer": "受试者利益服从科学利益", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "颅前窝骨折造成的熊猫眼征指的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "双侧视神经盘水肿", "B": "眶周广泛性瘀斑", "C": "乳突部皮下瘀斑", "D": "双眼视网膜出血"}, "answer": "眶周广泛性瘀斑", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "根据病因及发病机制。贫血可分为(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞生成减少、造血功能不良及红细胞破坏过多三类", "B": "红细胞生成减少、造血功能不良两类", "C": "红细胞生成减少、红细胞破坏过多及失血三类", "D": "红细胞生成减少、溶血、失血、再生障碍性贫血(简称再障)及缺铁等五类"}, "answer": "红细胞生成减少、红细胞破坏过多及失血三类", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肾性与中枢性尿崩症的鉴别方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "禁水试验", "B": "测定尿渗透压和血钠", "C": "测定尿渗透压和比重", "D": "垂体加压素试验"}, "answer": "垂体加压素试验", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在孕妇腹壁上听诊,与母体心率相一致的音响是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脐带杂音", "B": "子宫杂音", "C": "肠蠕动音", "D": "胎动音"}, "answer": "子宫杂音", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某患者神经系统检查时发现自肩以下左侧深感觉障碍、右侧痛觉与温度觉障碍。左上肢为弛缓性瘫痪,左下肢为痉挛性瘫痪。其病变部位在(  )。", "options": {"A": "右侧延髓", "B": "左侧脊髓上颈段(颈髓2~4)", "C": "左侧脊髓颈膨大", "D": "右侧脊髓胸段"}, "answer": "左侧脊髓颈膨大", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,68岁。活动后心悸、气短4年,突发憋喘1小时来诊。高血压病史10余年.平时血压波动于130~150/70~90mmHg。查体:BP 230/100mmHg,端坐位。双肺底可闻及少量湿性啰音.心率114次/min。该患者最适宜的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服硝苯地平", "B": "口服哌唑嗪", "C": "肌注利血平", "D": "静脉滴注硝普钠"}, "answer": "静脉滴注硝普钠", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.病毒性心肌炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "患者血压明显升高。体检:血压200/130mmHg(26.6/16.9kPa),眼底出血渗出、视盘水肿。实验室报告:肾功能不全", "B": "患者血压明显升高,伴有剧烈头痛、呕吐、抽搐", "C": "患者平日有心悸、胸痛,劳力时气促,起立或运动时眩晕。体检:胸骨左缘第3~4肋间可闻及较粗糙的喷射性收缩期杂音,屏气时杂音增强", "D": "患者一周前出现发热、全身无力,现自觉心悸、胸闷。体检:心率120次/分,偶闻室性期前收缩,实验室回报CPK、AST、LDH增高"}, "answer": "患者一周前出现发热、全身无力,现自觉心悸、胸闷。体检:心率120次/分,偶闻室性期前收缩,实验室回报CPK、AST、LDH增高", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "诊断反流性食管炎最准确的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "食管吞钡X线检查", "B": "食管滴酸试验", "C": "食管内镜检查", "D": "食管测压"}, "answer": "食管内镜检查", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "因肺结核引起的支气管扩张,下列哪项是湿啰音最常见的部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺底部", "B": "腋窝部", "C": "肩胛间区", "D": "双肺弥漫"}, "answer": "肩胛间区", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "甲氨蝶呤可用于治疗白血病的原因是其可以直接?(  )", "options": {"A": "抑制二氢叶酸还原酶", "B": "阻断蛋白质的合成代谢", "C": "抑制DNA的合成酶系的活性", "D": "破坏DNA的分子结构"}, "answer": "抑制二氢叶酸还原酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2岁男孩,在以肺炎住院期间,突然自觉呼吸困难,全身中毒症状加重,频繁咳嗽不止,血压正常,此患儿出现了哪个并发症?(  )", "options": {"A": "中毒性脑病", "B": "DIC", "C": "休克", "D": "脓胸"}, "answer": "脓胸", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "静脉血栓合并肺栓塞的栓子通常来源于(  )。", "options": {"A": "下肢和骨盆深静脉", "B": "上肢静脉", "C": "脑动脉", "D": "动脉粥样斑块脱落"}, "answer": "下肢和骨盆深静脉", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "Th1细胞对TC细胞(CTL)的辅助作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "分泌细胞因子,促进CTL增殖分化", "B": "促进CTL表面TCR的表达", "C": "促进CTL表达MHC-Ⅰ类分子", "D": "促进CTL释放穿孔素"}, "answer": "分泌细胞因子,促进CTL增殖分化", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,7岁,急性肾炎,血压140/100mmHg,水肿重,尿量明显减少,呼吸困难,不能平卧,心率140次/分,心音低钝,肝肋下2cm,X线胸片示肺纹理增强。该患儿可能出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压脑病", "B": "肾功能衰竭", "C": "循环充血", "D": "支气管炎"}, "answer": "循环充血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩,1.5岁,咳嗽、发热3天,双肺闻及散在的细湿啰音及广泛的呼气时哮鸣音。血常规:白细胞15×109/L,中性粒细胞占0.6。胸部正位片示两下肺散在斑片影。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支原体肺炎", "B": "支气管肺炎", "C": "腺病毒肺炎", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎"}, "answer": "支气管肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,62岁,咳嗽气喘40年,5年来间断加重。1周来咳、喘、痰,多伴嗜睡。血气结果显示:呼吸性酸中毒伴代谢性酸中毒。下列治疗方法中哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "静点5%碳酸氢钠,纠正酸中毒", "B": "增加输液量,促进酸性代谢产物排出", "C": "提高通气量,给予氧疗", "D": "应用抗生素药物控制感染"}, "answer": "静点5%碳酸氢钠,纠正酸中毒", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.治疗脑膜白血病(  )。", "options": {"A": "VP方案", "B": "HAP方案", "C": "口服别嘌呤醇", "D": "鞘内注射甲氨蝶呤"}, "answer": "鞘内注射甲氨蝶呤", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,男,出生时Apgar评分4分,生后2天,嗜睡,肌张力减退,瞳孔缩小,时而出现惊厥,头颅CT扫描可见右叶有低密度影。1.该患儿临床诊断最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病", "B": "新生儿窒息", "C": "新生儿硬膜下出血", "D": "核黄疸"}, "answer": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "甲状腺功能减退症患者有严重的智力低下、聋哑,估计其甲状腺功能减退始于(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎儿期或新生儿期", "B": "3~5岁", "C": "6~10岁", "D": "11~17岁"}, "answer": "胎儿期或新生儿期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男婴,3天,黄疸迅速加重2天。足月儿。实验室检查:血清总胆红素289μmol/L,母血型为O型,Rh阳性,父血型为AB型,Rh阳性。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿母乳性黄疸", "B": "新生儿败血症", "C": "Rh血型不合溶血病", "D": "ABO血型不合溶血病"}, "answer": "ABO血型不合溶血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女孩,6岁,不规则低热20余天,近5天来挤眉弄眼、耸肩,有不自主运动,病后不规则服用多种抗生素,血红蛋白105g/L,白细胞13×109/L,N79%,L17%,血沉56mm/h,C反应蛋白阳性,ASO800U。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒性脑炎", "B": "结核性脑炎", "C": "感染中毒性脑病", "D": "舞蹈病"}, "answer": "舞蹈病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.急性大失血导致尿量改变的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球毛细血管血压升高", "B": "血浆晶体渗透压升高", "C": "囊内压升高", "D": "肾血浆流量减少"}, "answer": "肾血浆流量减少", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "脊髓一侧脊髓丘脑束病变产生(  )。", "options": {"A": "受累平面以下同侧痛、温觉减退", "B": "受累平面以下对侧痛、温觉减退", "C": "受累平面以下同侧各种感觉均减退", "D": "受累平面以下同侧触觉减退"}, "answer": "受累平面以下对侧痛、温觉减退", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于过期产儿的概念是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎龄>37周", "B": "胎龄>38周", "C": "胎龄>42周", "D": "胎龄>44周"}, "answer": "胎龄>42周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于神经性厌食错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "进食量明显低于正常人", "B": "存在内分泌紊乱", "C": "可伴发抑郁症状", "D": "同于正常节食"}, "answer": "同于正常节食", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "儿茶酚胺对心肌细胞作用最好的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "每份输出量", "B": "射血分数", "C": "心脏做功", "D": "心力贮备"}, "answer": "心力贮备", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.男,42岁,发热3天,咳嗽臭痰1天,胸部X线片示右下叶空洞影,其内有液平。治疗首选的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头孢唑啉", "B": "左氧氟沙星", "C": "庆大霉素", "D": "克林霉素"}, "answer": "克林霉素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,35岁。间断腹泻、脓血便4年,再发1个月。口服抗生素无缓解。结肠镜检示:直肠和乙状结肠弥漫充血水肿,黏膜粗颗粒样改变,质地脆,易出血。其黏膜活检可能的病理发现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可见阿米巴滋养体", "B": "抗酸染色阳性", "C": "隐窝脓肿", "D": "干酪性肉芽肿"}, "answer": "隐窝脓肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "二尖瓣狭窄时,体循环栓塞最常发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "脾动脉", "B": "脑动脉", "C": "肾动脉", "D": "下肢动脉"}, "answer": "脑动脉", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者左眼裂狭小,左瞳孔较右侧小,对光反射灵敏,左眼球内陷,面部泌汗功能正常,其病变为(  )。", "options": {"A": "Horner征", "B": "面肌痉挛", "C": "动眼神经不全麻痹", "D": "重症肌无力"}, "answer": "Horner征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.DIC(  )。", "options": {"A": "消耗性凝血障碍", "B": "某些凝血因子合成减少", "C": "血管壁变态反应", "D": "因子Ⅷ缺乏"}, "answer": "消耗性凝血障碍", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "20岁,男性,发热、腰痛6天,少尿4天,近3天无尿,皮肤多处有出血点,面色潮红,烦躁不安,眼睑浮肿,体表静脉充盈,血压180/120mmHg,脉洪大,尿蛋白(+++),尿中有膜样物,应考虑肾综合征出血热合并(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿毒症脑病", "B": "高血容量综合征", "C": "高血压脑病", "D": "心力衰竭"}, "answer": "高血容量综合征", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,56岁,右上腹部疼痛,低热。肝肋下可及,肝脏B超见肝有大小不等的低密度灶,无液性平面,HBsAg阳性,AFP>1000ng/ml,其诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝硬化", "B": "阿米巴肝脓肿", "C": "原发性肝癌", "D": "细菌性肝脓肿"}, "answer": "原发性肝癌", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.类风湿性关节炎患者体内最易检出的自身抗体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗乙酰胆碱受体的自身抗体", "B": "RF因子", "C": "抗TSH受体的抗体", "D": "HLA抗原"}, "answer": "RF因子", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,70岁。外阴、阴道灼热感4天。妇科检查:阴道黏膜有散在出血点,阴道内少许分泌物,呈淡黄色。1.该患者首先考虑的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "萎缩性阴道炎", "B": "细菌性阴道病", "C": "外阴阴道念珠菌病", "D": "滴虫阴道炎"}, "answer": "萎缩性阴道炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,26岁。间断腹泻6个月,大便3~4次/日,带黏液及脓血,无发热及体重下降。结肠镜示乙状结肠以下弥漫充血水肿,黏膜颗粒样改变,质脆、易出血,病理可见隐窝脓肿。曾连续口服环丙沙星3周,无效。该患者最适宜的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉用甲泼尼龙", "B": "禁食及静脉高营养", "C": "口服蒙脱石散", "D": "口服柳氮磺吡啶"}, "answer": "口服柳氮磺吡啶", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,20岁,主诉自初中毕业后,越来越不能与陌生人接触,近1年来发展为见到熟人也害怕与之说话,且一说话就脸红,对于该患者心理治疗首选的方法为(  )。", "options": {"A": "生物反馈", "B": "系统脱敏", "C": "自由联想", "D": "人本主义"}, "answer": "系统脱敏", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.上述哪项是NH3由肌肉向肝中运输的途径?(  )", "options": {"A": "甲硫氨酸循环", "B": "嘌呤核苷酸循环", "C": "γ-谷氨酰基循环", "D": "丙氨酸葡萄糖循环"}, "answer": "丙氨酸葡萄糖循环", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "甲状腺大部切除后48小时内,需注意最危急的并发症为(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸困难和窒息", "B": "喉返神经单侧损伤", "C": "手足抽搐", "D": "甲状腺危象"}, "answer": "呼吸困难和窒息", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,35岁。人工流产后6年未孕。月经规律,月经来潮12小时子宫内膜活检为分泌期子宫内膜,子宫输卵管碘油造影(HSC)示双侧输卵管近端梗阻。丈夫精液正常。为生育,最适宜的下一步治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "促排卵治疗", "B": "配子输卵管内移植", "C": "体外受精胚胎移植", "D": "宫腔内人工受精"}, "answer": "体外受精胚胎移植", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于医德评价的方式,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "社会习俗、社会舆论和传统信念", "B": "传统习俗、个人修养和社会信念", "C": "内心信念、传统习俗和社会舆论", "D": "社会舆论、传统信念与良好动机"}, "answer": "内心信念、传统习俗和社会舆论", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,35岁,颈部增粗,伴失眠,易激动,食欲亢进半年。查体:甲状腺弥漫性肿大,眼球突出,脉搏100次/分,血压130/80mmHg,CT示胸骨后甲状腺肿。为明确诊断,抽血测T3、T4和TSH,预计1.下述哪一项检查结果,与病情最为相符?(  )", "options": {"A": "T3显著增高,T4略为增高,TSH增高", "B": "T3略增高,T4显著增高,TSH降低", "C": "T3显著增高,T4略为增高,TSH降低", "D": "T3、T4和TSH均显著增高"}, "answer": "T3显著增高,T4略为增高,TSH降低", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "重症肌无力患者出现眼睑下垂,还可能有的症状为(  )。", "options": {"A": "瞳孔散大,对光反射消失", "B": "调节反射消失", "C": "眼球向内、上、下运动受限和出现复视", "D": "角膜反射消失"}, "answer": "眼球向内、上、下运动受限和出现复视", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肝功能不良时,下列哪种蛋白质的合成受影响较小?(  )。", "options": {"A": "清蛋白", "B": "凝血酶原", "C": "免疫球蛋白", "D": "纤维蛋白原"}, "answer": "免疫球蛋白", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下不属于心理应激的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心率和呼吸加快", "B": "恐惧", "C": "敌对与攻击", "D": "物质滥用"}, "answer": "心率和呼吸加快", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "体内脂肪大量动员时,肝内乙酰CoA主要生成的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "酮体", "B": "胆固醇", "C": "脂肪酸", "D": "二氧化碳和水"}, "answer": "酮体", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.最能体现知情同意准则的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "医生为患者选用疗效相当但价格低廉的药物", "B": "医生为患者提供完全、真实的信息,供其选择表态", "C": "医生使用艾滋病患者病情资料时,应做隐去姓名等处理", "D": "医生诊断时应考虑病人的各方面因素"}, "answer": "医生为患者提供完全、真实的信息,供其选择表态", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以疾病的发展自然过程为基础的、综合的、一体化的保健和费用支付体系称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "健康维护计划", "B": "疾病管理", "C": "需求管理", "D": "残疾管理"}, "answer": "疾病管理", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,32岁。3周前发热、咳嗽、流涕,持续2周自愈。近2周心悸、气短。否认心脏病史。查体:体温36.2℃,血压110/65mmHg,心界不大。血清CK-MB水平增高。心电图示窦性心律,心率103次/分,P-R间期0.21秒,余未见异常。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性心肌梗死", "B": "急性心包炎", "C": "心绞痛", "D": "病毒性心肌炎"}, "answer": "病毒性心肌炎", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.系膜细胞及内皮细胞增生,上皮下驼峰状沉积物(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgA肾病", "B": "慢性肾小球肾炎", "C": "急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎", "D": "快速进行性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.促进初始CD4+T细胞分化为CD4+Th细胞(  )。", "options": {"A": "IL-4", "B": "IL-8", "C": "IL-12", "D": "IL-15"}, "answer": "IL-12", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "与能量代谢率的高低基本上成正比的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体重", "B": "身高", "C": "体表面积", "D": "年龄"}, "answer": "体表面积", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "新生儿胆红素脑病早期的主要临床特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体温升高、体重减轻", "B": "呼吸困难、发绀明显", "C": "肢体痉挛、角弓反张", "D": "拒乳、嗜睡、肌张力低"}, "answer": "拒乳、嗜睡、肌张力低", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "紧张性木僵见于哪种精神疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "癔症", "B": "精神分裂症", "C": "神经症", "D": "反应性精神障碍"}, "answer": "精神分裂症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,45岁。发现颈部肿物3个月,无不适,无结核病史。查体:左颈部外侧中部有肿块,2.5cm大小,活动,无压痛,甲状腺未触及结节。2.若以上的检查方法未能明确诊断,而肿块仍在增大,其进一步的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "用抗生素治疗、观察", "B": "肿块切除活检", "C": "复查MRI", "D": "同位素扫描"}, "answer": "肿块切除活检", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.结核性渗出性胸膜炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "以阻塞性通气障碍为主", "B": "以限制性通气障碍为主", "C": "以弥漫性障碍为主", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "以限制性通气障碍为主", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,46岁,血性白带半年就诊,检查见阴道左穹隆消失,宫颈重度糜烂,子宫正常大小,右侧附件浸润未达盆壁,宫颈活检为鳞状细胞癌3.为进一步确诊,最有诊断价值的辅助检查方法应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部X线检查", "B": "分段刮宫活组织检查", "C": "刮取宫颈管活组织检查", "D": "腹腔镜检查"}, "answer": "分段刮宫活组织检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有下述情形之一的,不予医师执业注册,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "受吊销医师执业证书行政处罚,自处罚决定之日起不满2年的", "B": "受吊销医师执业证书行政处罚,自处罚决定之日起至申请注册之日止不满1年的", "C": "受吊销医师执业证书行政处罚,自处罚决定之日起满2年不满3年", "D": "受刑事处罚,自刑罚执行完毕之日起至申请注册之日止不满2年的"}, "answer": "受吊销医师执业证书行政处罚,自处罚决定之日起满2年不满3年", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.高压电接触伤时可发生(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌肉、神经和血管损害", "B": "肝肾损害", "C": "肺部损害", "D": "心脏损害"}, "answer": "肌肉、神经和血管损害", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2岁女童,低热1个月,消瘦,乏力,颈淋巴结肿大,肺无啰音,出生接种过卡介苗,PPD试验(+++),X线胸片示肺门淋巴结肿大,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "霍奇金病", "B": "原发综合征", "C": "支气管淋巴结结核", "D": "支原体肺炎"}, "answer": "原发综合征", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.弥漫型肝癌(  )。", "options": {"A": "癌结节直径<3cm,常无明显结节", "B": "癌组织在肝内弥漫分布,无明显结节", "C": "癌结节多个散在,大小不等,常发生于肝硬化的肝内", "D": "癌结节弥散分布,常为小结节"}, "answer": "癌组织在肝内弥漫分布,无明显结节", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于影响动脉血压的因素的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏每搏输出量增大,收缩期动脉血压的升高更为明显", "B": "心率减慢时,脉压减小", "C": "舒张压的高低主要反映外周阻力的大小", "D": "循环血量不变而血管系统容量增大,会造成动脉血压下降"}, "answer": "心率减慢时,脉压减小", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,男,4个月,体重5kg,腹泻3天,每日7或8次,蛋花汤样、无腥臭,奶后呕吐2次。面色稍苍白,上腭裂,精神较差,皮肤稍干燥,眼窝、前囟凹陷,皮下脂肪0.3cm,皮肤弹性较差,哭有泪,四肢末梢较冷,血清钠128mmol/L。1.估计该患儿的脱水程度及性质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中度等渗性脱水", "B": "轻度等渗性脱水", "C": "轻度低渗性脱水", "D": "中度低渗性脱水"}, "answer": "中度低渗性脱水", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不属于医学心理学研究任务的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "研究和改进职业测试", "B": "研究心理行为因素影响人体健康的机制", "C": "研究和改进心理咨询", "D": "研究心理因素在疾病发生过程中的作用"}, "answer": "研究和改进职业测试", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "53岁妇女,绝经2年,阴道分泌物增多伴腰痛2个月,偶有少量阴道出血。妇科检查:宫颈结节状增大,直径5cm,质硬,触血(+),左侧主韧带条索状增粗>1/2,右侧主韧带内1/2增粗,均弹性下降。4.最合适的治疗方法为(  )。", "options": {"A": "化疗", "B": "单纯腔内放疗", "C": "外放疗加化疗", "D": "外放疗加腔内放疗"}, "answer": "外放疗加腔内放疗", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,45岁,月经不规律1年余,阴道不规则流血20天,高血压病史十年,服药后血压控制良好,一年前检查HPV(-),已绝育,妇科检查:子宫正常大小,稍软。无压痛,宫旁未触及异常,为明确诊断,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B超", "B": "盆腔MRI", "C": "分段诊刮", "D": "阴道镜检查"}, "answer": "分段诊刮", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "服毒后的洗胃处理,下列不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "超过6小时多数洗胃已无必要", "B": "吞服强腐蚀性毒物者,不宜洗胃", "C": "惊厥患者不宜插管洗胃", "D": "昏迷患者插胃管易致吸入性肺炎,洗胃应慎重"}, "answer": "超过6小时多数洗胃已无必要", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于风湿性关节炎的特点中,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "呈游走性和多发性", "B": "主要累及大关节", "C": "局部可呈红肿热痛和功能障碍", "D": "常留有畸形"}, "answer": "常留有畸形", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医疗事故构成要件的主观方面是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直接故意", "B": "间接故意", "C": "过失", "D": "意外事件"}, "answer": "过失", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "左向右分流型先天型心脏病最常见的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌性心内膜炎", "B": "脑血栓", "C": "脑脓肿", "D": "肺炎"}, "answer": "肺炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,22岁,突发腹痛12小时。腹痛呈持续性,先以脐部为主,后固定于右下腹,逐渐加重,伴恶心,无呕吐。查体:T 37.5℃,P 10次/分,R 22次/分,BP 110/70mmHg。痛苦面容,双肺未闻及啰音,心律齐。腹软,右下腹压痛,无反跳痛,Murphy征阴性,肝脾肋下未触及,肠鸣音减弱。血常规:Hb 120g/L,WBC 13×109/L,N 0.85,PLT 200×109/L。拟行手术治疗。3.【假设信息】该患者术后10天,排便、排尿频繁,伴里急后重感。体温38.5℃,直肠指诊在直肠前壁触及有波动感的包块,触痛明显。最主要的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "充分引流", "B": "温盐水灌肠", "C": "热水坐浴", "D": "物理透热"}, "answer": "充分引流", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.肺腺癌(  )。", "options": {"A": "中央型多见", "B": "周围型多见", "C": "弥漫型多见", "D": "常具有内分泌功能"}, "answer": "周围型多见", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "骨软骨瘤的临床表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "生长较快,伴明显疼痛", "B": "X线可见骨膜反应", "C": "本身无症状,但可压迫周围组织,影响功能", "D": "肿物与周围界限不清"}, "answer": "本身无症状,但可压迫周围组织,影响功能", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有一名右顶枕部着地摔伤病人,伤后2小时出现左侧瞳孔散大,血肿部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右顶枕部", "B": "左顶枕部", "C": "左额颞部", "D": "后颅凹"}, "answer": "左额颞部", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性足月新生儿,第1胎第1产,娩出经过顺利,无窒息,母乳喂养,生后18h出现黄疸并加重,胎粪已排空,生后第3天住院。体检:皮肤、巩膜中至重度黄染,心、肺听诊正常,肝肋下2.5cm,脾未及。血红蛋白12.5g/L,网织红细胞0.05,白细胞数11×1012/L,中性粒细胞0.7,血型A,血清总胆红素255μmol/L(15mg/dl),1分钟胆红素8μmol/L。1.该患儿诊断首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿败血症", "B": "新生儿溶血症", "C": "母乳性黄疸", "D": "先天性胆道畸形"}, "answer": "新生儿溶血症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.与受体亲和力强而无内在活性(  )。", "options": {"A": "激动药", "B": "拮抗药", "C": "部分激动药", "D": "竞争性拮抗药"}, "answer": "拮抗药", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.引起单瘫病变部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大脑皮质", "B": "脑干", "C": "胸髓", "D": "腰膨大"}, "answer": "大脑皮质", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.B1具有的功能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对TI抗原应答", "B": "ADCC", "C": "对TD抗原应答", "D": "特异杀伤肿瘤细胞"}, "answer": "对TI抗原应答", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.糖尿病肾病大量蛋白尿患者应给予(  )。", "options": {"A": "促红细胞生成素", "B": "磷结合剂", "C": "糖皮质激素", "D": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂"}, "answer": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "治疗外周血管痉挛性疾病可选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "β受体阻断剂", "B": "β受体激动剂", "C": "α受体阻断剂", "D": "以上均不行"}, "answer": "α受体阻断剂", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为社会主义医德的最高价值目标?(  )", "options": {"A": "改善医务人员待遇", "B": "促进社会进步和发展", "C": "实行医学人道主义", "D": "全心全意为人民健康服务"}, "answer": "全心全意为人民健康服务", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,28岁。水肿1周,伴肉眼血尿3天。起病前1周有上呼吸道感染病史。BP 155/95mmHg,尿红细胞满视野,尿蛋白4.3g/d,血Cr 128μmol/L,Alb 28g/L,补体C3下降。最合理的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "休息及对症处理", "B": "激素联合细胞毒药物治疗", "C": "青霉素治疗", "D": "足量激素治疗"}, "answer": "休息及对症处理", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "糖尿病饮食治疗下述哪一种是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "有并发症者不用饮食治疗", "B": "用药治疗时,可不用饮食治疗", "C": "肥胖者宜给高热量饮食治疗", "D": "不论病情轻重都需饮食治疗"}, "answer": "不论病情轻重都需饮食治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项不是甲状腺功能亢进症的术前准备?(  )", "options": {"A": "喉镜检查", "B": "控制心率", "C": "给予氢化可的松", "D": "测基础代谢率"}, "answer": "给予氢化可的松", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,65岁,外阴瘙痒5年,近2月伴局部疼痛,阴蒂部位可见直径约2.5cm的肿物,活检组织病理学诊断为鳞状细胞癌。1.正确的分期是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ⅠA", "B": "ⅠB", "C": "Ⅱ", "D": "Ⅳ"}, "answer": "Ⅱ", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,1岁。突然哭闹4小时,阵发性发作,不发作时如正常,发作时面色苍白伴呕吐,为所食牛奶,大便呈果酱样。2.常规首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急症剖腹探查", "B": "低压空气灌肠", "C": "静脉滴注抗生素", "D": "镇静和止痛药物"}, "answer": "低压空气灌肠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,45岁。体检发现血糖升高,空腹血糖7.6mmol/L,餐后2小时血糖13.6mmol/L, HbA1c 7.8%。查体:BP 150/100nmHg,BMI 28,心肺腹查体未见明显异常。1.该患者HbA1c控制目标应小于(  )。", "options": {"A": "7.5%", "B": "6.5%", "C": "6.0%", "D": "8.0%"}, "answer": "6.5%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,30岁,咽炎,注射青霉素后1分钟,呼吸急促,面部发绀,心率130次/分,血压8/5.33kPa(60/40mmHg)。抢救药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "地塞米松+去甲肾上腺素", "B": "曲安西龙+异丙肾上腺素", "C": "地塞米松+肾上腺素", "D": "地塞米松+山莨菪碱"}, "answer": "地塞米松+肾上腺素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者意识障碍,可唤醒,但不能准确辨别人物和地点。该种意识状态(  )。", "options": {"A": "浅昏迷", "B": "谵妄", "C": "意识模糊", "D": "嗜睡"}, "answer": "意识模糊", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,82岁。上腹痛、尿黄1周,1天来寒战、高热。有高血压、糖尿病病史,药物控制,半年前心肌梗死。查体:T 39.5℃,P 120次/min,BP 96/82 mmHg,神志淡漠,皮肤、巩膜黄染,右上腹部压痛。Hb 115g/L,WBC 22×109/L。B超提示肝内外胆管扩张,胆囊增大,胆总管远端显示不清。1.此病状最符合(  )。", "options": {"A": "Reynolds五联征", "B": "Whipple三联征", "C": "Grev-Turner征", "D": "以上都不对"}, "answer": "Reynolds五联征", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "23岁未婚少女,因肥胖、多毛及闭经。初步诊断为多囊卵巢综合征。1.本例最常见的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "相间出现月经过多与闭经", "B": "原发性闭经", "C": "继发性闭经", "D": "月经周期紊乱"}, "answer": "继发性闭经", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不属于患者道德权利的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "根据病情获得休息和免除一定社会义务", "B": "医疗保障权", "C": "疾病的认知权", "D": "对医疗机构及其医务人员进行监督"}, "answer": "对医疗机构及其医务人员进行监督", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,20岁,误服有机磷农药,瞳孔缩小、面肌颤动、呼吸有大蒜味,最好选用哪一种溶液来洗胃(  )。", "options": {"A": "1:5000高锰酸钾液", "B": "NaHCO3水", "C": "生理盐水", "D": "清水"}, "answer": "NaHCO3水", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于身体活动的说法,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不同的身体活动类型促进健康的作用不相同", "B": "高强度的身体活动可能造成伤害", "C": "成人每周应至少参加五次以上中等强度的身体活动", "D": "高血压患者不应该参加身体活动"}, "answer": "高血压患者不应该参加身体活动", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "新婚夫妇拟半年后考虑妊娠来院咨询,最适宜的避孕方法应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "选择男用避孕套避孕", "B": "选择口服避孕药", "C": "放置宫内节育器", "D": "采用安全期避孕法"}, "answer": "选择男用避孕套避孕", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "能引起子宫内膜增生过度的卵巢肿瘤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内胚窦瘤", "B": "卵泡膜细胞瘤", "C": "成熟囊性畸胎瘤", "D": "浆液性囊腺瘤"}, "answer": "卵泡膜细胞瘤", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "躯体疾病所致精神障碍最常见(  )。", "options": {"A": "失语症", "B": "不同程度的意识障碍", "C": "被害妄想", "D": "智能障碍"}, "answer": "不同程度的意识障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,18岁。3周前因急性化脓性扁桃腺炎发热,治疗后好转。近日来出现眼睑水肿、血压增高、尿少、呼吸困难、不能平卧而就诊。1.首先应该选择哪项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "血常规,尿常规,便常规", "B": "血常规,尿常规,血C3、C4测定", "C": "心电图,血脂分析", "D": "血浆蛋白,眼底检查"}, "answer": "血常规,尿常规,血C3、C4测定", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "甲状腺大部切除术适应证不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "继发性甲亢或高功能腺瘤", "B": "青少年甲亢患者", "C": "有压迫症状或胸骨后甲状腺肿伴甲亢", "D": "抗甲状腺药物或碘治疗复发者"}, "answer": "青少年甲亢患者", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "15岁男性,轻度乏力、腹胀,ALT350U/L,抗HAV-IgM(+),抗HBs(+),胆红素定量正常,诊断应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性黄疸型肝炎,甲型", "B": "急性乙型肝炎", "C": "急性无黄疸型肝炎,甲型", "D": "急性戊型肝炎"}, "answer": "急性无黄疸型肝炎,甲型", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "38岁,已婚妇女,G0P0,停经2个月,阴道不规则出血2周。检查阴道出血似月经量,阴道黏膜正常,宫颈着色蓝、软,子宫增大如孕12周、软,双附件(-)。尿妊娠试验(+)。B超提示宫内弥漫光点样回声。2.对该病例的处理,以下哪项错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "一经确诊,应尽快清宫", "B": "术后严密随访至hGG转阴为止", "C": "必要时做第二次刮宫", "D": "嘱患者术后应避孕1~2年"}, "answer": "术后严密随访至hGG转阴为止", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "外科感染的发生最重要的原因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤口的存在", "B": "致病菌入侵人体", "C": "局部组织血液循环不良", "D": "未及时应用抗菌药物"}, "answer": "致病菌入侵人体", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "血中胆红素能在尿中出现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结合胆红素", "B": "间接反应胆红素", "C": "与清蛋白结合的胆红素", "D": "进入肝细胞前的胆红素"}, "answer": "结合胆红素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,60岁。性交接触性出血4月余,妇科检查:外阴阴道未见异常,宫颈肥大糜烂、质脆,子宫及双附件未见异常。3.此例的合适治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "微波治疗", "B": "激光治疗", "C": "随诊治疗", "D": "全子宫切除治疗"}, "answer": "全子宫切除治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "诊断有机磷中毒最重要的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "出现毒蕈碱和烟碱样症状", "B": "确切的接触史", "C": "血胆碱酯酶活性降低", "D": "呕吐物和衣服有大蒜味"}, "answer": "血胆碱酯酶活性降低", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "第三代头孢菌素的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "作用时间短", "B": "组织穿透力弱", "C": "对β内酰胺酶的稳定性较第一、二代强", "D": "主要用于轻、中度呼吸道和尿路感染"}, "answer": "对β内酰胺酶的稳定性较第一、二代强", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "5岁小儿,自述多汗、乏力3年。测血压为110/60mmHg(14.7/8kPa),胸骨左缘第2肋间闻及收缩期杂音,心电图示左心室肥大。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "室间隔缺损(干下型)", "B": "动脉导管未闭合并肺动脉高压", "C": "肺动脉狭窄", "D": "法洛四联症"}, "answer": "动脉导管未闭合并肺动脉高压", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,45岁。发热、咳脓痰l周,胸部X线片示右下叶背段浸润阴影。用头孢呋辛治疗体温稍下降,但痰量增多,为脓血痰,有臭味。1周后复查胸部X线片示;大片浸润阴影中出现空洞。2.治疗2周后,患者临床症状明显改善,胸部X线片示空洞缩小。抗感染的总疗程应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "6~8周", "B": "3~6周", "C": "2~4周", "D": "7~10周"}, "answer": "6~8周", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "左旋多巴抗帕金森病的作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "促进脑内多巴胺能神经释放递质起作用", "B": "在外周脱羧变成多巴胺起作用", "C": "进入脑后脱羧生成多巴胺起作用", "D": "在脑内抑制多巴胺再摄取"}, "answer": "进入脑后脱羧生成多巴胺起作用", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.具有氧化酶活性,可将Fe2+氧化为Fe3+的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "铜蓝蛋白", "B": "铁转运蛋白", "C": "结合珠蛋白", "D": "α球蛋白"}, "answer": "铜蓝蛋白", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "提示慢性肺心病右心室肥大的最主要临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心界缩小", "B": "P2>A2", "C": "剑突下有明显搏动", "D": "双肺听诊有湿啰音"}, "answer": "剑突下有明显搏动", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,28岁,因江水泛滥,饮用江水,突然出现剧烈腹泻,随后呕吐,由水样物转为“米泔水”样物,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性细菌性痢疾", "B": "大肠杆菌性肠炎", "C": "病毒性肠炎", "D": "霍乱"}, "answer": "霍乱", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.内外源凝血系统共同激活因子(  )。", "options": {"A": "X因子", "B": "Ⅷ因子", "C": "Ⅲ因子", "D": "Ⅳ因子"}, "answer": "X因子", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "上消化道大出血最常见的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃十二指肠溃疡", "B": "门静脉高压症", "C": "应激性溃疡", "D": "食管癌"}, "answer": "胃十二指肠溃疡", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪种室性心动过速不宜使用直流电复律治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "持续性室性心动过速", "B": "特发性室性心动过速", "C": "冠心病伴发室性心动过速", "D": "洋地黄中毒引起的室性心动过速"}, "answer": "洋地黄中毒引起的室性心动过速", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于胰岛素瘤,下述哪一项不是该病的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "胰岛素释放指数增加", "B": "低血糖经常出现在空腹或活动后", "C": "血糖降至1.67mmol/L,胰岛素则停止释放", "D": "禁食后多在48小时出现低血糖"}, "answer": "血糖降至1.67mmol/L,胰岛素则停止释放", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是感染后形成巨大细胞的病原体?(  )", "options": {"A": "VZV", "B": "HSV-1", "C": "CMV", "D": "EBV"}, "answer": "CMV", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于房间隔缺损的血流动力学改变,以下错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺循环血流量增多", "B": "合并肺动脉高压,可出现心房水平的右向左分流", "C": "右心室收缩期负荷过重", "D": "右心室增大"}, "answer": "右心室收缩期负荷过重", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,50岁女性,孕5产5,绝经3年,阴道不规则出血1个月。妇科检查:外阴阴道正常,宫颈肥天、糜烂、触之易出血,子宫后屈、稍小,双侧附件未见异常。3.若以上检查耒发现可疑病灶,下一步最恰当的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "分段刮宫", "B": "宫颈激光", "C": "宫颈锥切术", "D": "3~6个月后复查"}, "answer": "分段刮宫", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.皱额不能(  )。", "options": {"A": "外展神经损害", "B": "三叉神经损害", "C": "面神经损害", "D": "舌下神经损害"}, "answer": "面神经损害", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "目前关于垂体瘤最常用的分类方法是根据(  )。", "options": {"A": "按细胞的分泌功能分类", "B": "按病理分类", "C": "按肿瘤的性质分类", "D": "按电镜及亚微结构分类"}, "answer": "按细胞的分泌功能分类", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对目前我国发展社区卫生服务的基本原则描述最恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "以政府为中心", "B": "以经济效益为中心", "C": "以疾病治疗为中心", "D": "以区域卫生规划为指导"}, "answer": "以区域卫生规划为指导", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,9岁,咽痛2天后出现颜面及下肢浮肿,平素食欲不佳,近3年夜尿增多,血压130/90mmHg。尿检:蛋白质(+),红细胞10~15个/HP,尿比重1.010。末梢血红细胞2.5×109/L,血红蛋白80g/L,尿素氮9.2mmol/L。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾炎性肾病", "B": "慢性肾炎急性发作", "C": "急性肾炎伴贫血", "D": "肾盂肾炎"}, "answer": "慢性肾炎急性发作", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "诊断立克次体病最常用的血清学反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "外斐试验", "B": "补体结合试验", "C": "免疫荧光试验", "D": "ELISA"}, "answer": "外斐试验", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "决定输血治疗前,经治医师应向患者或家属说明输血可能引起的不良反应和可能传播的疾病,并且要征得谁的同意?(  )", "options": {"A": "护士长", "B": "输血科", "C": "患者或家属", "D": "其他医生"}, "answer": "患者或家属", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.急性肾炎常见(  )。", "options": {"A": "微小病变型肾病", "B": "毛细血管内增生性肾炎", "C": "系膜增生性肾炎", "D": "新月体肾炎"}, "answer": "毛细血管内增生性肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.桡神经损(  )。", "options": {"A": "垂腕、垂指畸形", "B": "爪形手畸形", "C": "猿手畸形", "D": "锅铲畸形"}, "answer": "垂腕、垂指畸形", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪一项不符合G蛋白的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "由α、β、γ三种亚基组成", "B": "又称鸟苷三磷酸结合蛋白", "C": "α亚基具有GTP酶活性", "D": "β、γ结合松弛"}, "answer": "β、γ结合松弛", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "类风湿关节炎不常累及的关节是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肘关节", "B": "近端指间关节", "C": "远端指间关节", "D": "腕关节"}, "answer": "远端指间关节", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性30岁,既往健康,晨起发病,四肢无力,进行性加重,2天后来诊。查体:脑神经正常,四肢肌力0级,腱反射弱,病理反射阴性,无感觉障碍。2.首先应做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血钾测定", "B": "高位颈椎X线片或MRI", "C": "头部CT", "D": "腰穿检查"}, "answer": "血钾测定", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "牛痘苗的发明应功归于(  )。", "options": {"A": "Jenner", "B": "Koch", "C": "Pasteur", "D": "Burnnet"}, "answer": "Jenner", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "最常引起血道转移的癌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺乳头状癌", "B": "肺鳞状细胞癌", "C": "乳腺浸润性导管癌", "D": "子宫绒毛膜癌"}, "answer": "子宫绒毛膜癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.瘢痕组织属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞水肿", "B": "脂质沉积", "C": "结缔组织玻璃样变", "D": "细胞内玻璃样变"}, "answer": "结缔组织玻璃样变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下哪种分子不存在于T细胞表面?(  )", "options": {"A": "CD2", "B": "CD3", "C": "CD28", "D": "CD80"}, "answer": "CD28", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "初产妇,27岁。妊娠32周,阴道少量流血及规律腹痛2小时。肛门检查:宫颈管消失,宫口开大1.5cm。3.为促使胎儿肺成熟,应给予(  )。", "options": {"A": "三磷酸腺苷", "B": "倍他米松", "C": "硝苯地平", "D": "辅酶A"}, "answer": "倍他米松", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "刚出生的新生儿,尚未哺乳,无黄疸。血象:白细胞20 ×109/L,中性粒细胞占0.65,淋巴细胞占0.35。最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿败血症", "B": "正常现象", "C": "宫内感染", "D": "先天性白血病"}, "answer": "正常现象", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "氨的转运形式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Asp", "B": "Gln", "C": "Arg", "D": "Gly"}, "answer": "Gln", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是与猩红热有关的主要致病物质?(  )", "options": {"A": "M蛋白", "B": "透明质酸酶", "C": "链道酶", "D": "致热外毒素"}, "answer": "致热外毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,76岁。持续性心房颤动2年,有脑血栓和糖尿病病史。查体:BP 120/65mmHg,心率87次/分,心脏各瓣膜区未闻及杂音。该患者最适宜的抗栓措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮下注射低分子肝素", "B": "口服阿司匹林", "C": "口服氯吡格雷", "D": "口服华法林"}, "answer": "口服华法林", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肾上腺皮质肿瘤引起的库欣综合征与库欣病鉴别,下列哪项为其最有意义的试验检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "血氢化可的松昼夜节律", "B": "24h尿17-羟类固醇", "C": "过夜地塞米松抑制试验", "D": "大剂量地塞米松抑制试验"}, "answer": "大剂量地塞米松抑制试验", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.疖的致病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "B": "铜绿假单胞菌", "C": "梭状芽胞杆菌", "D": "破伤风杆菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "高血压性脑出血急性期处理的最重要环节是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即使血压下降至正常以下,防止再出血", "B": "立即使用脱水药控制脑水肿,降低颅内压", "C": "用镇静药,防止癫痫发作", "D": "用抗生素,防止继发感染"}, "answer": "立即使用脱水药控制脑水肿,降低颅内压", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.归于弹状病毒科,基因为单股负链RNA的病毒是(  )。", "options": {"A": "轮状病毒", "B": "狂犬病毒", "C": "丁型肝炎病毒", "D": "人类获得性免疫缺陷病毒"}, "answer": "狂犬病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,46岁。阵发性腹痛7天,伴呕吐3天入院,无发热。体格检查:腹膨隆,见肠型,肠鸣音亢进,有气过水声,腹部平片见有多个液平,阶梯状。可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高位小肠梗阻", "B": "低位小肠梗阻", "C": "结肠梗阻", "D": "结肠癌"}, "answer": "低位小肠梗阻", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "食用新鲜蚕豆发生溶血性黄疸的患者是因为哪种酶缺陷?(  )", "options": {"A": "6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶", "B": "异枸橼脱氢酶", "C": "6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶", "D": "3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶"}, "answer": "6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "槟榔肝的典型病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝小叶结构破坏", "B": "肝细胞坏死", "C": "门静脉分支扩张淤血", "D": "肝血窦扩张淤血,肝细胞脂肪变性"}, "answer": "肝血窦扩张淤血,肝细胞脂肪变性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "病原菌与其传播途径组合错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤寒杆菌——消化道传播", "B": "淋球菌——性传播", "C": "引起猩红热的乙型链球菌——血行传播", "D": "脑膜炎球菌——呼吸道传播"}, "answer": "引起猩红热的乙型链球菌——血行传播", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,50岁。有心脏病史多年。查体:BP 150/40mmHg,可触及水冲脉,毛细血管搏动征阳性,股动脉可闻及枪击音。与上述临床表现相对应的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸骨右缘第2肋间舒张期杂音", "B": "胸骨左缘第3肋间舒张期杂音", "C": "胸骨左缘第3肋间收缩期杂音", "D": "心尖部收缩期杂音"}, "answer": "胸骨左缘第3肋间舒张期杂音", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "7个月患儿,发热3天,体温39~40℃,流涕,轻咳。查体:一般情况好,除咽部充血外,未见其他异常。一直服用中药治疗,近日热退,因皮肤出现红色斑丘疹而就诊。2.本病的病原为(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹病毒", "B": "人疱疹病毒Vi型", "C": "柯萨奇病毒", "D": "水痘病"}, "answer": "人疱疹病毒Vi型", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,1岁,生后半年经常呕吐,且逐渐发现智能及体格发育均低于同龄儿,尿有霉臭味,近一个月经常抽搐发作。查体:表情呆滞,毛发棕黄,面部见湿疹,皮肤白皙。尿三氯化铁试验阳性。应采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服甲状腺素片", "B": "观察,抽搐时给予止抽搐药物", "C": "静脉注射10%葡萄糖酸钙,同时口服维生素D", "D": "限制苯丙氨酸摄入量"}, "answer": "限制苯丙氨酸摄入量", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4岁女孩,反复发生支气管肺炎,消瘦,平时安静,不爱活动,稍活动后气急。胸骨左缘上方可闻及连续性的“机器”样杂音,占全收缩期和舒张期,杂音向左锁骨下、颈部和背部传导。超声心动图检查证实为先天性心脏病,动脉导管未闭。2.该患儿的心脏三位X线片,主要表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "左心室增大,右心房增大", "B": "左心室、左心房增大", "C": "左心室、右心室增大", "D": "右心房大"}, "answer": "左心室、左心房增大", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "去甲肾上腺素使浦肯野细胞自律性增高是通过下列哪项实现的?(  )", "options": {"A": "电位水平下降", "B": "If电流增强", "C": "膜对Ca2+通透性增高", "D": "Isi电流增大"}, "answer": "If电流增强", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,40岁。行走时右小腿和足部出现间歇性疼痛1年余,近3个月夜间呈持续性疼痛,足趾呈紫黑色、干冷。有吸烟史30余年,每日2包。该患者不应选择的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "热疗", "B": "严格戒烟", "C": "手术治疗", "D": "高压氧舱治疗"}, "answer": "热疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "M药厂销售代表在和某医院几名医师达成协议后,医师在处方时使用M药厂生产的药品,并按使用量的多少收受了药厂给予的提成。事情曝光以后,对M药厂按《药品管理法》的有关规定处理;对于医师的错误行为,有权决定给予处分、没收违法所得的部门是(  )。", "options": {"A": "药品监督管理部门", "B": "医师协会", "C": "消费者权益保护协会", "D": "卫生行政部门"}, "answer": "卫生行政部门", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性支气管炎患者发生通气和换气功能障碍的病变基础是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管平滑肌萎缩", "B": "支气管软骨萎缩,纤维化", "C": "黏膜腺体增生", "D": "细支气管炎及细支气管周围炎"}, "answer": "细支气管炎及细支气管周围炎", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,55岁。低热伴右侧腹痛不适半年。查体:贫血貌,右侧中腹部扪及6cm×4cm质硬肿块,可推动,压痛不明显。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "盲肠套叠", "B": "右肾肿瘤", "C": "升结肠癌", "D": "阑尾包块"}, "answer": "升结肠癌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "用131I治疗Graves病后,进行第二次131I治疗前需要观察多久(  )。", "options": {"A": "1个月", "B": "2个月", "C": "6个月", "D": "12个月"}, "answer": "6个月", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,2岁,出生时身体健康,3个月后皮肤和头发色泽逐渐变浅。目前不会独站,不会说话,偶有抽搐,身上有怪臭味,有助于诊断的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血镁测定", "B": "尿三氯化铁试验", "C": "尿甲苯胺蓝试验", "D": "血钙测定"}, "answer": "尿三氯化铁试验", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "老年患者,排尿困难3个月。体检发现前列腺变硬,为了排除前列腺癌,最有价值的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B超", "B": "CT", "C": "MRI", "D": "前列腺穿刺活检"}, "answer": "前列腺穿刺活检", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "干扰素抗病毒的作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "干扰病毒的穿入", "B": "干扰病毒的吸附", "C": "直接干扰病毒mRNA的转录", "D": "诱导抗病毒蛋白质的产生"}, "answer": "诱导抗病毒蛋白质的产生", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女婴10天,主因纳差1天,发现皮肤黄染伴发热6小时入院。查体:脐轮红,有脓性分泌物,精神差,嗜睡,血WBC44.7×109/L,中性粒细胞65%,血Hb132.9g/L,血总胆红素443.94μmol/L(25.8mg/d1),直接胆红素为30.9μmol/L(1.8mg/d1)。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿窒息,脐炎,病理性黄疸", "B": "新生儿肺炎,溶血症,脐炎", "C": "新生儿颅内出血,败血症,脐炎", "D": "新生儿脐炎,败血症,高胆红素血症"}, "answer": "新生儿脐炎,败血症,高胆红素血症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是体内缺铁初期的最早、最可靠的诊断依据?(  )", "options": {"A": "血清总铁结合力增高", "B": "血清铁减低", "C": "骨髓贮存铁减少或缺乏", "D": "血清转运铁蛋白饱和度下降"}, "answer": "骨髓贮存铁减少或缺乏", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "支原体肺炎应用抗生素的疗程应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体温正常后停药", "B": "1周", "C": "2~3周", "D": "4~6周"}, "answer": "2~3周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肉眼形态表现为颗粒性固缩肾的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性硬化性肾小球肾炎", "B": "慢性肾盂肾炎", "C": "急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎", "D": "膜性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "慢性硬化性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.患者对医生的问题只能在表面上产生反应,缺乏联想,该症状为(  )。", "options": {"A": "思维被洞悉", "B": "思维贫乏", "C": "思维散漫", "D": "思维迟缓"}, "answer": "思维贫乏", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,70岁。上腹痛一年,进食后加重,大便10次/天,可见脂肪滴。查体:腹中部压痛(+)。腹部B超:胰腺多发钙化灶。该患者应选用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "钙通道阻滞剂", "B": "抗胆碱药物", "C": "胰酶制剂", "D": "H受体拮抗剂"}, "answer": "胰酶制剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,女,足月顺产,生后8天,母乳喂养,食欲减退2天,烦躁、呕吐2天。查体:小儿烦躁,皮肤黄染,呼吸45次/分,心率160次/分,血压68/47mmHg。血红蛋白120g/L,总胆红素255μmmol/L。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "母乳性黄疸", "B": "败血症", "C": "宫内感染", "D": "甲状腺功能减退"}, "answer": "败血症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "与细菌运动有关的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "芽胞", "B": "鞭毛", "C": "菌毛", "D": "异染颗粒"}, "answer": "鞭毛", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "滴虫阴道炎最常见的传播途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "性直接接触感染", "B": "经循环感染", "C": "间接接触感染", "D": "经淋巴循环感染"}, "answer": "性直接接触感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对肩周炎的处理,哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "自愈性疾病,无需治疗", "B": "物理治疗", "C": "局部封闭", "D": "功能锻炼"}, "answer": "自愈性疾病,无需治疗", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,55岁。高血压20年,不规则服药。某日晨突发头痛,意识不清,30分钟后送到医院。体检:昏迷,血压210/110mmHg,双眼向右侧凝视,左足外旋位。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑出血", "B": "脑血栓形成", "C": "蛛网膜下腔出血", "D": "心肌梗死"}, "answer": "脑出血", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "脂酰CoA经β-氧化的酶促反应顺序为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脱氢、硫解、再脱氢、加水", "B": "脱氢、加水、再脱氢、硫解", "C": "硫解、脱氢、加水、再脱氢", "D": "加水、硫解、再脱氢、脱氢"}, "answer": "脱氢、加水、再脱氢、硫解", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "可引起暴发的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "接触传播", "B": "诊疗手术传播", "C": "水和食物传播", "D": "各种药剂传播"}, "answer": "水和食物传播", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.80%的小儿动脉导管解剖上关闭的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生后1~2岁", "B": "生后3个月内", "C": "生后5~7个月", "D": "生后8~10个月"}, "answer": "生后3个月内", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "帕金森病患者出现震颤麻痹是因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "前庭小脑神经元病变所致", "B": "红核神经元病变所致", "C": "纹状体神经元病变所致", "D": "黑质中多巴胺神经递质系统功能受损"}, "answer": "黑质中多巴胺神经递质系统功能受损", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "25岁已婚妇女,以往月经不规律,2~3天/1~3个月。已停经6个月,停经3个月时感恶心,最近1周感胎动。检查乳头、乳晕着色加深,宫高达脐耻之间,借助多普勒探测仪可听到胎心。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "妊娠6个月左右", "B": "妊娠4个月左右", "C": "妊娠3个月左右", "D": "妊娠1个月左右"}, "answer": "妊娠4个月左右", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述溶血性贫血的检查哪组是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "酸化血清溶血试验——阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿", "B": "抗人球蛋白试验——自身免疫性溶血性贫血", "C": "外周血中出现大量靶形红细胞——海洋性贫血", "D": "血红蛋白电泳——蚕豆病"}, "answer": "血红蛋白电泳——蚕豆病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列何种感染可用糖皮质激素治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "角膜溃疡", "B": "抗菌药不能控制的感染", "C": "重症伤寒", "D": "二重感染"}, "answer": "重症伤寒", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.病人有意识障碍,晨轻夜重,注意力不集中,对时间、地点、人物的定向力出现障碍,同时伴有视幻觉和错觉,表情恐惧,所答非所问,思维不连贯,说话内容别人难以理解(  )。", "options": {"A": "谵妄状态", "B": "阿尔茨海默病性痴呆", "C": "血管性痴呆", "D": "意识障碍"}, "answer": "谵妄状态", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "35岁初产妇,妊娠38周,既往身体健康,无传染病及遗传性疾病史。今晨急产一男婴,一般情况良好。分娩后突然出现呼吸困难、抽搐、休克,最终死亡。最可能的死因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "空气栓塞", "B": "脂肪栓塞", "C": "心肌梗死", "D": "羊水栓塞"}, "answer": "羊水栓塞", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,10个月,人工喂养。低热咳嗽2天,面及四肢抽搐4~5次,每次20~30s自止,间歇期吃奶如常。体检:体温38.5℃,前囟2cm×3cm,平坦,咽充血,肋骨串珠,面神经征阳性。血WBC8×109/L,N 0.6,血糖4.44mmol/L(80mg/dl)。3.惊厥发作时,应进行下列哪项急救措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "面罩吸氧", "B": "静注钙剂", "C": "先止惊再给钙剂", "D": "静注甘露醇"}, "answer": "先止惊再给钙剂", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "G/C易位型21-三体综合征,染色体核型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "47,XX(或XY),+21", "B": "47,XX(或XY),-22,+t(21q22q)", "C": "47,XX(或XY),-14,+t(14q21q)", "D": "47,XX(或XY),-15,+t(15q21q)"}, "answer": "47,XX(或XY),+21", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,29岁。转移性右下腹痛伴发热36小时入院,诊断为急性阑尾炎。3.急诊行阑尾切除术,并大剂量抗生素治疗,术后5天,体温38.5℃,病人出现下腹痛,里急后重,首选的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "盆腔CT", "B": "直肠镜", "C": "钡剂灌肠", "D": "直肠指检"}, "answer": "直肠指检", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,60岁,肠梗阻3天入院。查体:血压70/40mmHg,血钠125mmol/L,血钾3.2mmol/L,血气分析pH 7.31。3.若需要补充碱剂,如果补充碱剂过快,患者不会发生下列哪种情况?(  )", "options": {"A": "手足抽搐", "B": "神志改变", "C": "高钾血症", "D": "惊厥"}, "answer": "高钾血症", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列提示支气管哮喘患者病情危重的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脉压增加", "B": "呼吸性碱中毒", "C": "胸腹矛盾运动", "D": "呼吸加快"}, "answer": "胸腹矛盾运动", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿出生时即具有一些先天性反射,不属于先天性反射的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "觅食", "B": "握持", "C": "拥抱", "D": "触觉"}, "answer": "触觉", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "痛风患者合并的泌尿系结石,最可能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "草酸钙结石", "B": "碳酸盐结石", "C": "黄嘌呤结石", "D": "尿酸结石"}, "answer": "尿酸结石", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,6岁,昨日开始发热、咽痛、腹痛、口服速效感冒胶囊,热退,今晨又发热。查体:颜面潮红,口周苍白圈,咽部充血,双扁桃腺肿大,躯干皮肤见红色细小丘疹,压之退色,心肺正常。诊断最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "风疹", "B": "药疹", "C": "肠道病毒感染", "D": "猩红热"}, "answer": "猩红热", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "建筑工人不慎坠楼,腰剧痛,双下肢感觉运动障碍,二便功能障碍。3.除手术外,伤后早期最重要的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗生素", "B": "甘露醇与大剂量糖皮质激素", "C": "防止褥疮", "D": "留置尿管"}, "answer": "甘露醇与大剂量糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.抑郁症情感障碍特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "情感低落", "B": "情感淡漠", "C": "情绪不稳", "D": "情感低落伴有焦虑症状"}, "answer": "情感低落", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.风心病10年,心房颤动5年,心室率152次/min,首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "起搏器植入", "B": "异丙基肾上腺素", "C": "药物控制心室率", "D": "临床观察心律变化"}, "answer": "药物控制心室率", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "产妇患重症肝炎,其产后出血最常见的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫收缩乏力", "B": "血小板计数减少", "C": "胎盘残留", "D": "凝血功能障碍"}, "answer": "凝血功能障碍", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "注射大剂量Ag形成免疫耐受是因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ab过剩,多余的Ag中和了抗体", "B": "Ab形成速度慢,而代谢速度过快所致", "C": "产生无功能抗体", "D": "B细胞分化增殖受到抑制"}, "answer": "B细胞分化增殖受到抑制", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "乳腺癌最常见的发生部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "外上象限", "B": "内上象限", "C": "外下象限", "D": "乳头部"}, "answer": "外上象限", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,女,6岁,皮肤毛发发白,诊断为白化病,她缺乏哪种酶?(  )", "options": {"A": "酪氨酸酶", "B": "酪氨酸羟化酶", "C": "酪氨酸转氨酶", "D": "苯丙氨酸转氨酶"}, "answer": "酪氨酸酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "谵妄的特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "意识障碍", "B": "感知障碍", "C": "定向障碍", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.小脑蚓部病变将导致(  )。", "options": {"A": "静止性震颤", "B": "躯干性共济失调", "C": "左侧肢体共济失调", "D": "闭目难立征阳性"}, "answer": "躯干性共济失调", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,28岁。已婚未孕,既往子宫肌瘤病史,近半年进行性痛经。妇科检查:宫颈糜烂Ⅰ度,子宫正常大小,后倾,活动欠佳,附件增厚压痛,直肠子宫凹陷触及2个结节。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫肌瘤", "B": "慢性盆腔炎", "C": "子宫内膜异位症", "D": "盆腔结核"}, "answer": "子宫内膜异位症", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.属于病人角色行为缺如(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人否认自己有病", "B": "病人角色与其他角色发生心理冲突", "C": "病人疾病已康复,仍不愿意脱离病人角色", "D": "病人从事了不应承担的活动"}, "answer": "病人否认自己有病", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,27岁。慢性腹泻3年,大便每天2~3次,常带少量黏液,反复粪便致病菌培养阴性,结肠镜检查见直肠、降结肠和横结肠充血、水肿,有少数散在浅溃疡,拟诊为溃疡性结肠炎。首选的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "泼尼松口服", "B": "甲硝唑保留灌肠", "C": "氢化可的松保留灌肠", "D": "5-氨基水杨酸口服"}, "answer": "5-氨基水杨酸口服", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "B细胞表面特有的标志是(  )。", "options": {"A": "E受体", "B": "C3b受体", "C": "抗原受体(mIgM/mIgD)", "D": "IL-2受体"}, "answer": "抗原受体(mIgM/mIgD)", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "踝动脉压和肱动脉压的比值小于0.5,表示(  )。", "options": {"A": "下肢动脉严重狭窄", "B": "上肢动脉严重狭窄", "C": "上肢动脉轻度狭窄", "D": "上、下肢动脉均严重狭窄"}, "answer": "下肢动脉严重狭窄", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "由于大脑局部区域损害,导致智能某方面障碍为(  )。", "options": {"A": "心因性痴呆", "B": "假性痴呆", "C": "童样痴呆", "D": "部分痴呆"}, "answer": "部分痴呆", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "细菌的内毒素产自(  )。", "options": {"A": "代谢产物", "B": "革兰阳性菌细胞壁", "C": "革兰阴性菌细胞壁", "D": "芽孢"}, "answer": "革兰阴性菌细胞壁", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "研究者对某铜矿厂全体男职工共150人开展一项前列腺癌筛查研究,筛查出阳性为100人,其中有73人确诊为前列腺癌;阴性为50人,确诊没有前列腺癌的为43人。2.该检测方法的特异度为(  )。", "options": {"A": "96%", "B": "89%", "C": "86%", "D": "65%"}, "answer": "86%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.肺炎链球菌肺炎的X线表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管充气征", "B": "多发性蜂窝状脓肿,叶间隙下坠", "C": "纵切面可显示为“双轨征”,横切面显示“环形阴影”", "D": "大小不等、密度不同和分布不均的结节影"}, "answer": "支气管充气征", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,26岁。间断腹泻6个月,大便3~4次/日,带黏液及脓血,无发热及体重下降。结肠镜示乙状结肠以下弥漫充血水肿,黏膜颗粒样改变,质脆易出血。病理可见隐窝脓肿。曾连续口服环丙沙星3周,无效。该患者最适宜的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉用头孢菌素", "B": "静脉用甲泼尼龙", "C": "禁食及静脉高营养", "D": "口服柳氮磺吡啶"}, "answer": "口服柳氮磺吡啶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "若测得某物质的肾清除率为80ml/min,则可认为肾小管对该物质(  )。", "options": {"A": "必定能重吸收,但不能确定能否分泌", "B": "必定能重吸收,也必定能分泌", "C": "必定不能重吸收,也必定不能分泌", "D": "能否重吸收和分泌都不能确定"}, "answer": "必定能重吸收,但不能确定能否分泌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "我国西南某城市数年前发生一次天然气井喷事故,事故导致周围居民死伤数十人,并严重影响周围居民居住,不少居民搬迁。该事件属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "突然发生并严重损害公众健康", "B": "属于可控事件", "C": "属于人为事故", "D": "属于不可预料事故"}, "answer": "突然发生并严重损害公众健康", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,32岁。低热伴下腹痛1个月,大便3次/日。黄稀便,无脓血。腹部B超示右下腹部肠壁增厚。对诊断最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部X线平片", "B": "腹部CT", "C": "结肠镜", "D": "腹腔镜"}, "answer": "结肠镜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "婴儿腹泻重度脱水的主要诊断依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "哭无泪,尿量少", "B": "眼眶及前囟凹陷", "C": "周围循环衰竭", "D": "精神萎靡"}, "answer": "周围循环衰竭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "正常人气体交换的关键是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生物膜的通透性", "B": "气体的溶解度", "C": "交换部位两侧气体的气压差", "D": "温度"}, "answer": "交换部位两侧气体的气压差", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一名未接种过卡介苗的健康中年人,做结核菌素试验是阳性,下述哪一项解释不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "需要接种卡介苗", "B": "对结核病有免疫力", "C": "不需要接种卡介苗", "D": "感染过结核杆菌"}, "answer": "需要接种卡介苗", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性肝衰竭时不可能出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "转氨酶正常", "B": "胆红素正常", "C": "血小板减少", "D": "纤维蛋白原减少"}, "answer": "胆红素正常", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "9岁男孩,眼睑浮肿4天,伴头痛,眼花,尿呈深茶色2天入院。2周前曾患扁桃体炎,经用青霉素治愈。1.体检的重点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血压", "B": "腹部血管杂音", "C": "尿道口有无红肿", "D": "扁桃体"}, "answer": "血压", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.急性有机磷农药中毒,重度中毒(  )。", "options": {"A": "血胆碱酯酶<10%", "B": "血胆碱酯酶<30%", "C": "血胆碱酯酶>50%", "D": "血胆碱酯酶30%~50%"}, "answer": "血胆碱酯酶<30%", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪型病毒性肝炎中可见明显碎片状坏死和桥接坏死?(  )", "options": {"A": "急性重型肝炎", "B": "亚急性重型肝炎", "C": "慢性活动性肝炎", "D": "急性黄疸型肝炎"}, "answer": "慢性活动性肝炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "仅在肝中合成的化合物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿素", "B": "糖原", "C": "血浆蛋白质", "D": "脂肪酸"}, "answer": "尿素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "补钾速度一般每小时最多(  )。", "options": {"A": "10mmol", "B": "20mmol", "C": "30mmol", "D": "40mmol"}, "answer": "20mmol", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,40岁,农民,发热、头痛、腰痛、恶心3天。体检:体温39.2℃,血压95/65mmHg,面颈及前胸部皮肤潮红,球结膜充血、水肿,可见出血点,腋下及背部见条索状出血点。拟诊断为流行性出血热。4.流行性出血热病程中可出现脑水肿,请问脑水肿多发生在哪一病期?(  )", "options": {"A": "发热期", "B": "少尿期", "C": "多尿期", "D": "恢复期"}, "answer": "少尿期", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "与获得性免疫缺陷发生无关的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒感染", "B": "胸腺发育不良", "C": "肿瘤放疗和化疗", "D": "重度营养不良"}, "answer": "胸腺发育不良", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "引起胃食管反流的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一过性食管下括约肌(LES)松弛", "B": "胃排空延迟", "C": "食管黏膜防御作用降低", "D": "食管裂孔疝"}, "answer": "一过性食管下括约肌(LES)松弛", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "淋巴细胞的分离常用的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡聚糖-泛影葡胺密度梯度离心法", "B": "聚合酶链反应(PCR)", "C": "LISPOT测定法", "D": "以上任何一种都可以"}, "answer": "葡聚糖-泛影葡胺密度梯度离心法", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "成人心肺复苏的合理顺序是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸外按压→人工呼吸→开放气道", "B": "开放气道→人工呼吸→胸外按压", "C": "人工呼吸→胸外按压→开放气道", "D": "胸外按压→开放气道→人工呼吸"}, "answer": "胸外按压→开放气道→人工呼吸", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "持续性心房颤动是指难以自动转复为窦性心律的心房颤动发作持续(  )。", "options": {"A": "7天以上", "B": "72小时以上", "C": "1个月以上", "D": "半年以上"}, "answer": "7天以上", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男孩,3岁、水肿1周。尿中有泡沫,尿量减少。查体:T 36.7℃,P 120次/分,R 25次分, BP 90/60mmHg。眼睑水肿,双下肢凹陷性水肿,双肺呼吸音粗,未闻及啰音,心前区未闻及杂音,腹膨隆,移动性浊音(+)。尿常规:蛋白(+++)。尿沉渣镜检:RBC 0~3/HP,WBC 0~3/HP。血清白蛋白20g/L,胆固醇8.7mmol/L。2.以下治疗方式不合适的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "给予氢氯噻嗪利尿", "B": "给予泼尼松治疗", "C": "给予青霉素抗感染", "D": "降脂治疗"}, "answer": "给予青霉素抗感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.广谱抗真菌药(  )。", "options": {"A": "两性霉素B", "B": "碘苷", "C": "氟康唑", "D": "灰黄霉素"}, "answer": "氟康唑", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医学伦理学规范的本质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全人类性与阶级性的统一", "B": "共性与个性的统一", "C": "科学性与伦理性的统一", "D": "客观性与主观性的统一"}, "answer": "客观性与主观性的统一", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪项不属于细胞免疫效应?(  )", "options": {"A": "抗肿瘤", "B": "引起同种移植物的排斥", "C": "发生ADCC", "D": "引起DTH"}, "answer": "发生ADCC", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于保密的说法中,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对他人和社会有害的医疗秘密不属于保密的范围", "B": "只有在病人提出保密的要求的情况下,医师应为患者的病史等保密", "C": "它是医学伦理学中最有生命力的医德范畴", "D": "它是医学伦理学中最古老的医德范畴"}, "answer": "只有在病人提出保密的要求的情况下,医师应为患者的病史等保密", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.上述哪项是产生促胰液素的细胞(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃壁细胞", "B": "胃主细胞", "C": "小肠的上部S细胞", "D": "胃肠黏液细胞"}, "answer": "小肠的上部S细胞", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.口服脊髓灰质炎糖丸适宜的时间是生后(  )。", "options": {"A": "3个月,4个月,5个月", "B": "2个月,3个月,4个月", "C": "1个月,2个月,3个月", "D": "4个月,5个月,6个月"}, "answer": "2个月,3个月,4个月", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "DNA变性时其结构变化为(  )。", "options": {"A": "磷酸二酯键断裂", "B": "碱基内C-C键断裂", "C": "戊糖内C-C键断裂", "D": "对应碱基间氢键断裂"}, "answer": "对应碱基间氢键断裂", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,62岁。皮肤黄染进行性加重1个月。伴上腹胀、隐痛、食欲差、乏力,10天前感皮肤瘙痒,大便呈陶土样。查体:消瘦,巩膜黄染,腹部稍胀,无明显压痛,未触及包块,胆囊无肿大。血AFP 5μg/L。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝门部胆管癌", "B": "胆囊癌", "C": "肝癌", "D": "胰头癌"}, "answer": "肝门部胆管癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿腹泻时口服补液盐(ORS液)的电解质渗透压是含钠钾液的(  )。", "options": {"A": "1/3张", "B": "2/5张", "C": "1/2张", "D": "2/3张"}, "answer": "2/3张", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "伤寒杆菌的下列特点中选项错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "沙门菌属D群,G-带鞭毛杆菌", "B": "在水中存活2~3周,在粪便中存活一个月", "C": "消毒饮水余氯每升达0.2~0.4mg时,可迅速致死", "D": "有菌体和鞭毛二种抗原,且均产生相应的抗体"}, "answer": "有菌体和鞭毛二种抗原,且均产生相应的抗体", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男孩,1岁半,消瘦。近5个月体重不增,查体,体重7kg,腹壁皮下脂肪消失,头发干枯,心肺未见异常,腹软,应警惕的最严重的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素缺乏症", "B": "营养性贫血", "C": "自发性低血糖症", "D": "腹泻病"}, "answer": "自发性低血糖症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于小儿身长发育中头围与胸围相等的年龄,以下正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "出生时", "B": "1岁左右", "C": "1岁以后", "D": "24个月"}, "answer": "1岁左右", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.镰状红细胞贫血症患者血红蛋白的基因突变类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "插入", "B": "点突变", "C": "双链断裂", "D": "倒位或转位"}, "answer": "点突变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小脑绒球小结叶受损后的表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "运动编程功能受损", "B": "肌肉精细运动受损", "C": "身体平衡功能障碍", "D": "运动协调功能受损"}, "answer": "身体平衡功能障碍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,20岁。工人,在工地右大腿被砸伤,当即不能站立,局部剧痛,用哪一种检查最安全迅速、无痛,还可判断有无骨折?(  )", "options": {"A": "检查有否骨磨擦音", "B": "移动式小型X线机摄片", "C": "检查有否异常活动", "D": "听诊"}, "answer": "听诊", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "责任疫情报告人发现乙类传染病必须及时向有关单位报告的时限是(  )。", "options": {"A": "城市6h、农村12h", "B": "城市12h、农村24h", "C": "城市24h、农村48h", "D": "城市12h、农村18h"}, "answer": "城市12h、农村24h", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对脑血管扩张作用最强的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "非洛地平", "B": "尼莫地平", "C": "硝苯地平", "D": "尼索地平"}, "answer": "尼莫地平", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.上述哪项与鼻咽癌有关?(  )", "options": {"A": "EBV", "B": "CMV", "C": "HSV-1", "D": "HSV-2"}, "answer": "EBV", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "寄生虫感染病变区主要见到的炎细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中性粒细胞", "B": "嗜碱性粒细胞", "C": "嗜酸性粒细胞", "D": "淋巴细胞"}, "answer": "嗜酸性粒细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.能正反馈激活自身分泌的胃液成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "碳酸氢盐", "B": "盐酸", "C": "胃蛋白酶", "D": "黏液"}, "answer": "胃蛋白酶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,20岁。持续高热10天,伴轻度腹泻、恶心、食欲不振,临床高度怀疑伤寒。下列检查对诊断意义不大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血培养", "B": "肥达反应", "C": "骨髓培养", "D": "血沉"}, "answer": "血沉", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "26岁初孕妇,妊娠39周,主诉肋下有块状物。腹部检查:子宫呈纵椭圆形,胎先露部较软且小规则,胎心在脐上偏右。估计胎位为(  )。", "options": {"A": "复合先露", "B": "臀先露", "C": "面先露", "D": "肩先露"}, "answer": "臀先露", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,45岁。间断上腹痛、腹胀伴嗳气8年。胃镜检查:胃窦黏膜粗糙,以白色为主,黏膜活检病理提示慢性萎缩性胃炎伴中至重度肠上皮化生,快速尿素酶试验阳性。该患者首先应采用的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用质子泵抑制剂", "B": "应用促胃肠动力剂", "C": "抗幽门螺杆菌治疗", "D": "临床密切观察,必要时手术切除"}, "answer": "临床密切观察,必要时手术切除", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于碘解磷定的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可迅速制止肌束颤动", "B": "属易逆性抗胆碱酯酶药", "C": "不良反应较氯磷定小", "D": "对内吸磷中毒无效"}, "answer": "可迅速制止肌束颤动", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,女,10个月。体重10kg,头围45cm,方颅,前囟1.5cm×1.0cm,平坦,今晨突然抽搐一次,持续1~2分钟缓解。当时测体温37.5℃,抽搐后即入睡。醒后活动如常。查血钙1.75mmol/L(7mg/dl),血磷45mmol/L(4.5mg/dl)。引起惊厥最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癫痫", "B": "低血糖", "C": "低钙惊厥", "D": "高热惊厥"}, "answer": "低钙惊厥", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "5岁小儿,近半个月不规则发热,伴关节肿痛,查体发现心率稍增快,心音低钝,心电可见T波平坦,医院确诊为风湿热。在治疗上,该患儿应首选的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "泼尼松", "B": "强心药物", "C": "抗生素", "D": "ATP、CoA、维生素C等"}, "answer": "泼尼松", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,10岁,突发右大腿下端剧痛伴高热达40℃三天,有毒血症表现,白细胞计数18×109/L,中性90%,怀疑为急性化脓性骨髓炎。3.若已抽出脓液,最合适的治疗方法为(  )。", "options": {"A": "卧床休息", "B": "大量广谱抗生素", "C": "输液,注意水、电解质平衡", "D": "钻孔或开窗引流术"}, "answer": "钻孔或开窗引流术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "婚前保健服务不包括下列哪项内容?(  )", "options": {"A": "婚前关于新婚避孕知识及计划生育知识的教育、指导", "B": "对准备结婚的男女双方可能患影响结婚和生育的疾病进行医学检查", "C": "婚前有关性保健和性教育的指导", "D": "检查处女膜发育正常与否,可描述其完整性"}, "answer": "检查处女膜发育正常与否,可描述其完整性", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心理治疗专业人员应当(  )。", "options": {"A": "相信心理治疗无所不能", "B": "不用具有敏锐的感知能力,只要对病人好,他们就能够得到治疗", "C": "了解自己", "D": "就算知道自己的能力有限,也要知难而上"}, "answer": "了解自己", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于乳腺囊性增生病说法错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多见于青少年女性", "B": "本病系内分泌障碍性增生病", "C": "是乳腺实质的良性增生", "D": "突出表现为乳房胀痛和肿块"}, "answer": "多见于青少年女性", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "交界性肿瘤指的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "既有癌组织、又有肉瘤组织的肿瘤", "B": "既有鳞癌、又有腺癌的肿瘤", "C": "既有上皮组织、又有间叶组织的肿瘤", "D": "介于良性和恶性之间的肿瘤"}, "answer": "介于良性和恶性之间的肿瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "根据一项包括50例病例和50例对照的调查结果,两组关于可能病因因素分布的差异没有统计学意义。可能据此得出结论(  )。", "options": {"A": "这个差异可能是抽样误差所致", "B": "观察者或调查者的偏性已被消除", "C": "该因素与疾病可能有联系", "D": "这个差异临床上可能是显著的"}, "answer": "这个差异可能是抽样误差所致", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "宫颈活检的病理报告为鳞状上皮化生,临床上应认为是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高度恶性病变", "B": "癌前病变", "C": "良性病变", "D": "无病变"}, "answer": "癌前病变", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "与慢性胃炎、消化道溃疡有密切关系的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "幽门螺杆菌", "B": "副溶血性弧菌", "C": "军团菌", "D": "铜绿假单胞菌"}, "answer": "幽门螺杆菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "类人猿能进行观察学习和模仿,用手语和人交谈,其心理发展处于(  )。", "options": {"A": "感觉阶段", "B": "知觉阶段", "C": "思维的萌芽阶段", "D": "意识阶段"}, "answer": "思维的萌芽阶段", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对年老体弱、痰量较多且无力咳痰的慢性支气管炎患者,不宜使用的药物为(  )。", "options": {"A": "羧甲司坦", "B": "氨溴索", "C": "溴己新", "D": "可待因"}, "answer": "可待因", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "Km值是指反应速度为0.5Vmax时的(  )。", "options": {"A": "酶浓度", "B": "产物浓度", "C": "底物浓度", "D": "抑制剂浓度"}, "answer": "底物浓度", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "反密码子UAG识别的mRNA上的密码子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ATC", "B": "CTA", "C": "CUA", "D": "GTC"}, "answer": "CUA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "浸润性子宫颈癌指肿瘤浸润深度至少要超过基底膜下(  )。", "options": {"A": "1 mm", "B": "2 mm", "C": "5 mm", "D": "3 mm"}, "answer": "5 mm", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在医德评价的方式中,下列哪项在市场经济条件下起主要作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "内心信念", "B": "国家强制推行", "C": "社会舆论", "D": "医院领导的科学管理"}, "answer": "内心信念", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,59岁。突发剧烈头痛伴恶心呕吐2天,高血压病史10年,糖尿病史8年,吸烟30年,查体:神志清,对答切题,右眼睑下垂,右眼球上下及内收不能,右侧瞳孔直径5mm,左侧瞳孔直径3mm,右侧直接对光反射消失,四肢肌力5级,腱反射消失,无感觉异常,病理征(-),颈抵抗(+),该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛛网膜下腔出血", "B": "脑桥梗死", "C": "脑干脑炎", "D": "海绵窦血栓形成"}, "answer": "蛛网膜下腔出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "门静脉高压症的治疗错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "下腔静脉与门静脉吻合易造成肝性脑病", "B": "内镜下食管静脉呈蓝色曲张,需紧急手术", "C": "食管胃底静脉曲张时可行食管内镜注入硬化剂治疗", "D": "静脉滴注垂体后叶素可以降低门静脉压"}, "answer": "内镜下食管静脉呈蓝色曲张,需紧急手术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.可促进内质网释放Ca2+的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "cAMP", "B": "cGMP", "C": "磷脂酰丝氨酸", "D": "GSH"}, "answer": "磷脂酰丝氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "甘油磷醋可分为六类,其依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脂肪酸种类的不同", "B": "胆固醇数量的不同", "C": "磷酸数量的不同", "D": "与磷酸相连的取代基团不同"}, "answer": "与磷酸相连的取代基团不同", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.5岁男孩,突然起病,持续高热38.5~41.3℃,面色苍白,咳嗽,气促,给青霉素治疗1周疗效不佳。查体:呼吸56次/分,心率171次/分。胸部X线示右侧肋膈角变钝,呈一片致密阴影,肋间隙增宽,纵隔及心向左侧移位。该病例最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎合并脓胸", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎合并肺气肿", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎合并肺大疱", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎合并脓气胸"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎合并脓胸", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "符合单纯型热性惊厥诊断标准的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发作一周后EEG检查见棘波、尖波发放", "B": "一次热程中有一次发作", "C": "惊厥持续时间>15分钟", "D": "复发总次数>5次"}, "answer": "一次热程中有一次发作", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.支原体肺炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "阻塞性肺气肿和支气管周围炎的阴影", "B": "大片状或小片状浸润影易形成脓肿和肺大泡", "C": "细沙状阴影以两肺上部为主", "D": "游走性浸润阴影"}, "answer": "游走性浸润阴影", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,54岁。优秀话务员。近几年怀疑丈夫有外遇,看电视时激动,控制不住,外出走失一周找不到自己的家,住在露天,公安人员收留送回家。吃饭用手抓着吃,记忆力下降,行为幼稚。既往高血压7年,脑梗死后10个月。神经系统检查:BP 225/110mmHg,说话口齿不清,右侧下肢轻偏瘫症状,肌张力增高。巴氏征(+)。精神检查:意识清晰,智力减退,个人生活不能自理。二便失禁。2.本病诊断考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑血管性痴呆", "B": "脑肿瘤所致精神障碍", "C": "脑炎所致精神障碍", "D": "精神发育迟滞"}, "answer": "脑血管性痴呆", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,45岁,身高171cm,体重85kg,口服葡萄糖耐量试验血糖结果:空腹6.7mmol/L,1h9.8mmol/L,2h7.0mmol/L。可诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "正常曲线", "B": "空腹血糖受损", "C": "糖耐量低", "D": "1型糖尿病"}, "answer": "空腹血糖受损", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.葡萄糖被重吸收的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球", "B": "近球小体", "C": "近曲小管", "D": "髓袢升支粗段"}, "answer": "近曲小管", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下有关神经反射的说法,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "握持反射生后3~4个月消失", "B": "1岁巴氏征阳性属病理现象", "C": "3~4个月内小儿克氏征阳性属生理现象", "D": "新生儿提睾反射不易引出"}, "answer": "1岁巴氏征阳性属病理现象", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,20岁,发热、头痛、腿痛l周。右侧腋窝淋巴结肿大,血象正常,显凝试验钩端螺旋体抗体效价为1:400,诊断为钩端螺旋体病流感伤寒型。用青霉素治疗,3天后体温降至正常,继续用药4天,又出现畏寒、发热,精神、食欲可。引起发热的原因最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "钩端螺旋体病复发", "B": "继发上呼吸道感染", "C": "钩端螺旋体病的后发热", "D": "病情加重"}, "answer": "钩端螺旋体病的后发热", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "30岁女性,自幼发现患先天性心脏病,二尖瓣狭窄。常骑自行车上下班,能胜任自己的教书工作。目前妊娠38周自然临产而入院待产。分娩期的下列处理哪项正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "宫口开全后鼓励产妇屏气,腹部加压,尽快结束分娩", "B": "胎儿娩出后,在产妇腹部放置沙袋加压,避免回心血剧增", "C": "为加强宫缩预防产后出血,静脉注射麦角新碱", "D": "产后24小时后鼓励产妇下床活动,有助于子宫复旧"}, "answer": "胎儿娩出后,在产妇腹部放置沙袋加压,避免回心血剧增", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对肺炎病人所致的缺氧进行无创通气,采用(  )。", "options": {"A": "高压氧疗", "B": "呼气末正压给氧", "C": "无控制给氧", "D": "持续低流量给氧"}, "answer": "无控制给氧", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "动脉血压突然升高时,能引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "心迷走中枢抑制", "B": "心迷走中枢兴奋", "C": "交感缩血管中枢兴奋", "D": "心交感中枢兴奋"}, "answer": "心迷走中枢兴奋", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "乳癌TNM分期以下哪一项不应归为T4期?(  )", "options": {"A": "癌瘤侵犯肋骨", "B": "癌瘤侵犯肋间肌", "C": "癌瘤侵犯胸大肌", "D": "癌瘤侵犯皮肤"}, "answer": "癌瘤侵犯胸大肌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某青年长跑后发生绞痛样腰痛,继而出现肉眼血尿,最大可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾肿瘤", "B": "输尿管肿瘤", "C": "肾积水", "D": "上尿路结石"}, "answer": "上尿路结石", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性肺源性心脏病心肺功能代偿期不具有的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺气肿征", "B": "肺动脉瓣区第二心音亢进", "C": "颈静脉充盈", "D": "右心室奔马律"}, "answer": "右心室奔马律", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "成年人易发生(  )。", "options": {"A": "枕骨大孔疝", "B": "小脑幕切迹上疝", "C": "穿颅疝", "D": "小脑幕切迹疝"}, "answer": "小脑幕切迹疝", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "人体在禁食12h后,于清晨清醒,静卧半小时及室温20~25℃条件下,测量到的1h产热量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新陈代谢", "B": "基础代谢率", "C": "基础代谢", "D": "能量代谢率"}, "answer": "基础代谢率", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,35岁,3年来多尿,口渴,多饮、多食,疲倦无力,注意力不集中,失眠,情绪低落,少言、少动,主动性差,反应迟钝,心烦,紧张。l周来兴奋不安、躁动、语无伦次而住院。1.下述哪一项检查对诊断最有帮助?(  )", "options": {"A": "血常规", "B": "血糖测定", "C": "T3、T4、TSH测定", "D": "ACTH兴奋试验"}, "answer": "血糖测定", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "为研究某地成人高血压情况,若以舒张压≥90mmHg为高血压,在某地调查成人1000人中有高血压患者20名,非高血压者980名2.据此资料,可计算(  )。", "options": {"A": "率", "B": "率的标准误", "C": "平均舒张压和标准差", "D": "率及其标准误"}, "answer": "率及其标准误", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "外科急诊不适合做内镜检查的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上消化道出血", "B": "下消化道出血", "C": "上消化道异物", "D": "多种炎症性急性腹痛"}, "answer": "多种炎症性急性腹痛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5个月婴儿,体重6kg,每日需喂8%糖牛奶量及额外供给温水量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "牛奶量为550ml,水为200ml", "B": "牛奶量为660ml,水为240ml", "C": "牛奶量为770ml,水为280ml", "D": "牛奶量为880ml,水为320ml"}, "answer": "牛奶量为660ml,水为240ml", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "给高热病人进行酒精擦浴降温是利用下述哪项散热方式?(  )", "options": {"A": "传导", "B": "对流", "C": "不感蒸发", "D": "蒸发"}, "answer": "蒸发", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是重度营养不良引起水肿的主要原因(  )。", "options": {"A": "血浆胶体渗透压降低", "B": "组织液胶体渗透压降低", "C": "毛细血管、血压升高", "D": "毛细血管、微静脉管壁通透性增加"}, "answer": "血浆胶体渗透压降低", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于免疫耐受的叙述,恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫耐受无记忆性", "B": "免疫耐受就是免疫抑制", "C": "产生自身耐受是自身免疫病的起因", "D": "对病毒感染免疫耐受的机体易发生该病毒引起的疾病"}, "answer": "对病毒感染免疫耐受的机体易发生该病毒引起的疾病", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性白血病诊断的主要依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热、贫血、出血", "B": "骨髓增生极度活跃", "C": "胸骨压痛(+)", "D": "骨髓中原始细胞明显增高"}, "answer": "骨髓中原始细胞明显增高", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,45岁,发现左乳房肿块10个月,近日发现左腋下淋巴结肿大而来就诊,体检:左乳房外上象限可扪及一5cm×5cm×4cm大小的肿块,质硬,推不动,乳房皮肤表面呈橘皮样,左侧腋窝可触及直径约1.5cm肿大淋巴结2个,无压痛,可移动。1.首先应考虑的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳房纤维腺瘤", "B": "乳腺癌", "C": "乳腺囊性增生病", "D": "乳房结核"}, "answer": "乳腺癌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "颈椎病患者,MRI检查见颈5、6椎间盘突入椎管压迫颈脊髓,保守治疗无效,瘫痪渐渐加重,应选择哪一种治疗方案?(  )。", "options": {"A": "大重量牵引", "B": "后路椎板切除手术", "C": "前外侧椎管减压术", "D": "前路髓核摘除植骨术"}, "answer": "前路髓核摘除植骨术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列不属于骨髓增生异常综合症骨髓常见病态造血表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红系核浆发育不平衡", "B": "粒系细胞颗粒过多", "C": "粒系细胞颗粒过少", "D": "见到幼稚型巨核细胞"}, "answer": "粒系细胞颗粒过多", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "未婚女性,28岁,闭经2年,肛诊:子宫正常大小,孕激素试验阴性,下一步最佳的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "基础体温测定", "B": "染色体检查", "C": "激素水平测定", "D": "雌激素试验"}, "answer": "雌激素试验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "人对客观现实稳定的态度和与之相适应的习惯化的行为方式称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "态度", "B": "行为", "C": "性格", "D": "气质"}, "answer": "性格", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.血浆晶体渗透压主要决定于血浆的(  )。", "options": {"A": "Na+", "B": "葡萄糖", "C": "白蛋白", "D": "纤维蛋白"}, "answer": "Na+", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "伤寒沙门菌发酵葡萄糖的结果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "产酸并产气", "B": "产气不产酸", "C": "产酸不产气", "D": "不能发酵葡萄糖"}, "answer": "产酸不产气", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "5.以温和噬菌体为载体、受体菌获供体菌遗传物质而获得新的性状称(  )。", "options": {"A": "转化", "B": "转导", "C": "溶原性转换", "D": "接合"}, "answer": "转导", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列最易侵犯脑组织的真菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生隐球菌", "B": "着色真菌", "C": "卡氏肺孢菌", "D": "孢子丝菌"}, "answer": "新生隐球菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "10个月女婴,体重10kg,头围45cm,方颅,前囟1.5cm平坦,今晨突然抽搐一次,持续1~2分钟缓解,当时测体温38.5℃,抽搐后即入睡,醒后活动如常。查血钙1.75mmol/L(7mg/d1),血磷1.45mmol/L(4.5mg/dl)。最可能的惊厥原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑积水、脑发育不良", "B": "癫痫", "C": "低钙惊厥", "D": "高热惊厥"}, "answer": "低钙惊厥", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "控制癫痫患者再抽搐,可选用的药物不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "吗啡", "B": "苯妥英钠", "C": "苯巴比妥", "D": "劳拉西泮"}, "answer": "吗啡", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,15岁。发现贫血、黄疸5年。脾肋下2.5cm,质中。血红蛋白90g/L,网织红细胞比例0.05,白细胞和血小板均正常。红细胞渗透压渗透脆性试验:0.7%盐水溶液开始溶血。其父也有轻度黄疸。1.下列哪种贫血最有可能?(  )", "options": {"A": "缺铁性贫血", "B": "遗传性球形细胞增多症", "C": "遗传性铁粒幼细胞性贫血", "D": "巨幼细胞性贫血"}, "answer": "遗传性球形细胞增多症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于原发性颗粒性固缩肾的描述哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "入球小动脉玻璃样变", "B": "肾小球纤维化,玻璃样变", "C": "肾体积小,重量轻,皮质变薄", "D": "肾体积小,皮质变厚,髓质变薄"}, "answer": "肾体积小,皮质变厚,髓质变薄", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "家族性息肉病首选的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内镜下摘除", "B": "内镜下圈套电灼切除", "C": "开腹手术", "D": "肛门镜下显微手术"}, "answer": "开腹手术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "补体经典途径激活的顺序是(  )。", "options": {"A": "C12345-9", "B": "C12435-9", "C": "C14235-9", "D": "C13245-9"}, "answer": "C14235-9", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,38岁,洗衣时突发右侧肢体活动不便,查体:意识清,失语,二尖瓣区可闻及双期杂音,心律不齐,右侧偏瘫,上肢重于下肢,偏身痛觉减退,首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑血栓形成", "B": "脑栓塞", "C": "蛛网膜下腔出血", "D": "短暂性脑缺血发作"}, "answer": "脑栓塞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "体重9.2kg,身长76cm,头围46cm,胸围46cm,牙齿8颗,最可能的月龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "10个月", "B": "12个月", "C": "15个月", "D": "18个月"}, "answer": "12个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "随机抽样调查甲、乙两地正常成年男子身高,得甲地身高的均值为175cm,乙地为179cm,经t检验得P<α,差别有统计学意义。其结论为(  )。", "options": {"A": "可认为两地正常成年男子平均身高相差不大", "B": "甲、乙两地正常成年男子身高均值相差较大", "C": "两地接受调查的正常成年男子平均身高不同", "D": "可认为两地正常成年男子平均身高不同"}, "answer": "可认为两地正常成年男子平均身高不同", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有机磷杀虫药中毒的原理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆碱酯酶失活", "B": "交感神经兴奋", "C": "磷酰化胆碱酯酶减少", "D": "肝功能受损"}, "answer": "胆碱酯酶失活", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "河豚毒素最多的器官是以下哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "鱼腮和眼睛", "B": "鱼头和鱼尾", "C": "肝脏和卵巢", "D": "鱼肉和血液"}, "answer": "肝脏和卵巢", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,36岁,突然寒战高热,腰痛并尿急,尿痛1周,既往无类似病史,检查:体温39.4℃,右侧肾区叩击痛阳性,尿蛋白(+),白细胞20~30个/HP,白细胞管型0~2个/低倍,比重1.022。2.诊断的主要依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "突然寒战高热", "B": "腰痛", "C": "右侧肾区叩击痛(+)", "D": "尿蛋白(+),白细胞20~30个/HP,白细胞管型0~2个/低倍镜"}, "answer": "尿蛋白(+),白细胞20~30个/HP,白细胞管型0~2个/低倍镜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.预防网球肘复发的根本措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "限制握拳伸腕动作", "B": "伸指总肌腱起点剥离松解", "C": "患肢制动", "D": "口服非甾体类抗炎药"}, "answer": "限制握拳伸腕动作", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不属于动脉粥样硬化主要危险因素的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高胆固醇饮食", "B": "肥胖", "C": "饮酒", "D": "缺乏体力活动"}, "answer": "饮酒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "动脉导管未闭的血流动力学改变首先引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "右室大", "B": "左房大", "C": "肺动脉扩张", "D": "左室大"}, "answer": "肺动脉扩张", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,48岁,近1个月感口渴、饮水量增至每天2000ml。身高156cm、体重71kg。空腹血糖10.0mmol/L(180m(s/dl),餐后血糖14.0mmol/L(252mg/dl)。系初次发现血糖高,过去无糖尿病史。2.按以上建议治疗3个月后空腹血糖8.5mmol/L(153mg/dl)、餐后血糖125mmol/L(225mg/dl)。下一步治疗建议用(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯磺丙脲", "B": "格列齐特", "C": "二甲双胍", "D": "正规胰岛素"}, "answer": "二甲双胍", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "26岁初产妇,足月,规律宫缩3小时,胎心140次/分。产科检查头盆不相称,不可能出现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "髂嵴间径27cm", "B": "骶耻外径17cm", "C": "子宫收缩过强", "D": "出现病理缩复环"}, "answer": "髂嵴间径27cm", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.男孩,8岁,1周前在上学路上突然停止不动,当时觉得眼前发花,头脑中一片空白,同学说他“发愣”,近日来每日发作10~20次,影响到生活和学习,应该选用哪种药物治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "乙琥胺", "B": "卡马西平", "C": "苯海索", "D": "氯丙嗪"}, "answer": "乙琥胺", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者因发热入院,疑诊为肠热症,两次取血做肥达反应的结果如下:入院后第4天TH1:80、TO1:80、PA1:40、PB1:40入院后第12天、TH1:320、TO1:320、PA1:40、PB1:20,根据此结果可诊断何种疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "伤寒", "B": "丙型副伤寒", "C": "乙型副伤寒", "D": "回忆反应"}, "answer": "伤寒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "32岁经产妇,服用避孕药后有少量阴道流血,正确的处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "加服少量雌激素", "B": "加服少量雄性激素", "C": "加倍服药", "D": "立即停药"}, "answer": "加服少量雌激素", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,30岁,右侧甲状腺单发结节,质硬,生长迅速,近1周伴声音嘶哑,ECT示右甲状腺冷结节。为明确诊断2.应采用何种术式?(  )", "options": {"A": "患侧腺体全切", "B": "结节切除术", "C": "颈部淋巴结清除术", "D": "患侧腺体大部切除加冰冻切片检查"}, "answer": "患侧腺体大部切除加冰冻切片检查", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.叶酸类似物抗代谢药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "8-氮杂鸟嘌呤", "B": "甲氨蝶呤", "C": "阿糖胞苷", "D": "5-氟尿嘧啶"}, "answer": "甲氨蝶呤", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.患者男性,36岁。颜面、颈、双手部及胸腹部火焰烧伤。其中,颜面及双手背均系Ⅲ度烧伤,烧伤面积约20%。拟行双手背切痂植皮手术,术中植皮应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "刃厚皮片移植", "B": "中厚皮片移植", "C": "带真皮下浅层血管网的超厚皮片移植", "D": "皮瓣移植"}, "answer": "中厚皮片移植", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,40岁。痰中带血1个月,乏力、头晕1周。实验室检查:血钠114mmol/L,补钠治疗效果欠佳。胸部X线片检查发现右肺部门状影4cm×4cm。纤维支气管镜检查示右主支气管黏膜粗糙水肿,管腔狭窄,黏膜活检可见肿瘤细胞。1.最可能的病理类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大细胞瘤", "B": "腺癌", "C": "小细胞癌", "D": "鳞癌"}, "answer": "鳞癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "哪项是导致腱反射亢进的病损部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "锥体外系", "B": "脊神经后根", "C": "锥体束", "D": "脊髓前角"}, "answer": "锥体束", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "敌百虫能与酶活性中心的丝氨酸残基上的羟基牢固结合,从而抑制此酶的活性,试问敌百虫属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "竞争性抑制剂", "B": "不可逆抑制剂", "C": "变构抑制剂", "D": "非竞争性抑制剂"}, "answer": "不可逆抑制剂", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "良好的医患关系的作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有利于实施预防措施", "B": "有利于病人的情绪", "C": "有利于医务人员的健康", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,65岁,长期吸烟,近3年出现心绞痛,近半年来,右下肢间歇性疼痛,检查右下肢足背动脉波动消失,右足趾变黑,发凉。右足变化符合(  )。", "options": {"A": "变性", "B": "肥大", "C": "坏疽", "D": "萎缩"}, "answer": "坏疽", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,25岁。晨起觉脐周疼痛,伴恶心。午后觉右下腹明显疼痛,不能忍受。查体:T 38.0℃,BP 110/80mmHg,右下腹肌紧张、压痛、反跳痛阳性。3.该患者行手术治疗,手术后6小时两次出现腹痛,烦躁焦虑。查体:P 110次/分, BP 80/60mmHg,面色苍白,皮肤湿冷,腹稍胀,全腹压痛。轻度肌紧张,肠鸣音减弱。最有可能的术后并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化道穿孔", "B": "肠坏死", "C": "腹腔内出血", "D": "急性肠梗阻"}, "answer": "腹腔内出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.属于纤溶异常的实验室检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血vWF测定", "B": "血栓素B2测定", "C": "血PC测定", "D": "血D-二聚体测定"}, "answer": "血D-二聚体测定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小婴儿,化脓性脑膜炎,最应注意的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "克氏征", "B": "布氏征", "C": "前囟隆起", "D": "巴氏征"}, "answer": "前囟隆起", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,23岁,某大宾馆客房服务员,因发热、咳嗽、气短而入院。已用青霉素、红霉素、卡那霉素、环丙沙星等治疗20天。患者症状更重,出现缺氧发绀。查:T38.9℃,肺部偶闻湿性啰音,胸片显示间质性肺炎表现,血WBC 4.2×109/L,曾多次进行血、痰培养均无致病菌生长。患者入院时颈、腋、腹股沟即有直径1cm左右的淋巴结,光滑无压痛,住院后略有增大。4.本病的预防措施下列哪项不是目前切断传播途径的有效方法(  )。", "options": {"A": "严禁毒品注射", "B": "禁止性乱交", "C": "严格检查血制品", "D": "隔离并治愈所有的传染源"}, "answer": "隔离并治愈所有的传染源", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,35岁,矿工,体重60公斤。被困井下8日,获救后口渴、躁狂,体重降至55公斤,血清钠155mmol/L,应初步诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "等渗性缺水", "B": "轻度缺水", "C": "中度缺水", "D": "重度缺水"}, "answer": "重度缺水", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.胃大部切除术后,输出段梗阻可有(  )。", "options": {"A": "右上腹突发剧痛,局部有腹膜刺激征", "B": "上腹饱胀,呕吐食物和胆汁", "C": "上腹部突发剧痛,频繁呕吐,不含胆汁", "D": "剑突持续烧灼痛,进食后加重,抗酸剂无效"}, "answer": "上腹饱胀,呕吐食物和胆汁", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.金黄色葡萄球菌肠炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "粪便色黄或暗绿,有腥臭味", "B": "便次较多,发育不受影响", "C": "血便或呈“赤豆汤样”便", "D": "便泡沫多,含黏液,豆渣样"}, "answer": "粪便色黄或暗绿,有腥臭味", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,4岁,自1岁出现口唇青紫,活动后加剧,喜坐少动,胸骨左缘第2、3肋间可闻及收缩期杂音,有震颤,动脉血氧饱和度75%。3.该病常见的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺水肿", "B": "充血性心力衰竭", "C": "脑脓肿", "D": "喉返神经麻痹"}, "answer": "脑脓肿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.孕妇患梅毒时首选的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头孢曲松", "B": "红霉素", "C": "多西环素", "D": "青霉素"}, "answer": "青霉素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "24岁男性,农民,因畏寒发热起病,伴全身肌肉酸痛,头痛4天于8月10日入院。入院1天发现皮肤黄染,尿量减少,尿色深黄,查体:结膜充血,巩膜及皮肤中度黄染,皮肤有出血点,浅表淋巴结肿大,肝肋下1cm,压痛(+),脾(-),实验室检查WBC 15.4×109/L,N 80%,L 20%,尿检:尿蛋白(+),颗粒管型,WBC 8~15/HP,RBC 20~30/HP,BUN 24mmol/L,凝集溶解试验阳性。1.最大可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性黄疸型肝炎", "B": "肾综合征出血热", "C": "伤寒溶血尿毒综合征", "D": "钩端螺旋体病"}, "answer": "钩端螺旋体病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.髋关节结核未经治疗常发生的畸形是(  )。", "options": {"A": "髋关节功能保存", "B": "髋关节形成前屈内收畸形", "C": "局部形成寒性脓肿", "D": "局部形成窦道"}, "answer": "髋关节形成前屈内收畸形", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "8个月婴儿,体重8kg,腹泻4天,每天10余次,尿很少,精神萎靡,呼吸深长,皮肤发花,弹性差,前囟、眼眶明显凹陷,肢冷脉弱,心率160次/min,心音低钝。6.若该患儿脱水纠正后出现明显的腹胀,下列处理不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "补充钾盐", "B": "肌注新斯的明", "C": "肌注阿托品", "D": "针灸"}, "answer": "肌注阿托品", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,30岁,1月初发病,头痛、发热、恶心呕吐,腰痛4天。体检:面色潮红,结膜充血,腋下见有点状抓痕样出血点。化验:白细胞15×109/L,中性粒细胞0.72,淋巴细胞0.2,异形淋巴细胞0.08,尿蛋白(++),诊断应首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "钩端螺旋体病", "B": "肾综合征出血热", "C": "流行性感冒", "D": "伤寒"}, "answer": "肾综合征出血热", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎最主要的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "早期足量应用广谱抗生素", "B": "扩容补液,预防休克", "C": "解除胆道梗阻,通畅引流", "D": "纠正水、电解质紊乱"}, "answer": "解除胆道梗阻,通畅引流", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "先天性甲状腺减低确诊需要哪项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "T4,TSH", "B": "GH测定", "C": "X线腕骨片", "D": "T3,TSH"}, "answer": "T4,TSH", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列关于全身性外科感染的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "菌血症是脓毒症的一种", "B": "外科真菌感染属条件性感染", "C": "真菌感染时血培养易发现", "D": "伴有厌氧菌感染时易形成脓肿"}, "answer": "真菌感染时血培养易发现", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下哪项属于哮喘的本质?(  )", "options": {"A": "气道高反应性", "B": "气道重塑", "C": "气道慢性炎症", "D": "气道黏液栓形成"}, "answer": "气道慢性炎症", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "属于交感神经节后纤维的兴奋症状的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌束颤动", "B": "多汗", "C": "呼吸肌麻痹", "D": "支气管痉挛"}, "answer": "多汗", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "建筑工人不慎坠楼,腰剧痛,双下肢感觉运动障碍,二便功能障碍2.经X线平片检查,诊断为胸腰段屈曲型压缩骨折合并脊髓损伤。为进一步明确骨折片向椎管内的移位情况,下列哪项检查是最有价值的?(  )", "options": {"A": "MRI", "B": "CT", "C": "ECT", "D": "X线断层摄影"}, "answer": "CT", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "脑血栓形成发病的重要危险因素之一是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛛网膜下腔出血史", "B": "脑出血史", "C": "短暂性脑缺血发作史", "D": "梅毒病病史"}, "answer": "短暂性脑缺血发作史", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "非甾体抗炎药引起的消化性溃疡,不能停用非甾体抗炎药时首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "米索前列醇", "B": "法莫替丁", "C": "莫沙必利", "D": "奥美拉唑"}, "answer": "奥美拉唑", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列不属于皮下及肌肉囊虫病特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结节为圆形或椭圆形,多位于躯干及大腿上端", "B": "结节数量可自数个至数百个不等,与周围组织无粘连", "C": "结节质软,触痛,有弹性", "D": "结节可分批出现"}, "answer": "结节质软,触痛,有弹性", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "轮状病毒肠炎常出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "明显中毒症状", "B": "脱水、酸中毒", "C": "黏液脓血便", "D": "肠紊乱"}, "answer": "脱水、酸中毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪种药物在新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病发生惊厥时为首选?(  )", "options": {"A": "呋塞米", "B": "地塞米松", "C": "苯巴比妥钠", "D": "甘露醇"}, "answer": "苯巴比妥钠", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肾炎性肾病不同于单纯性肾病的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量蛋白尿", "B": "血尿、高血压", "C": "胆固醇增高", "D": "血浆蛋白降低"}, "answer": "血尿、高血压", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "非甾体抗炎药(NSAID)引起的消化性溃疡,当不能停用NSAID时,首选的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "雷尼替丁", "B": "硫糖铝", "C": "奥美拉唑", "D": "米索前列醇"}, "answer": "奥美拉唑", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "出现躅趾背伸力减弱的腰间盘突出间隙是(  )。", "options": {"A": "L2~3", "B": "L1~2", "C": "L4~5", "D": "L5~S1"}, "answer": "L4~5", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.提早出现P波,PR间期0.16秒,QRS形态正常(  )。", "options": {"A": "房性期前收缩", "B": "室性期前收缩", "C": "房性期前收缩未下传", "D": "交界性逸搏"}, "answer": "房性期前收缩", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,29岁,贫血,出血,感染,全血细胞减少,外周血未见幼稚细胞,为鉴别非白血性白血病与再生障碍性贫血,应进行的检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝脾淋巴结有否肿大", "B": "骨髓增生程度及原始细胞多少", "C": "皮肤黏膜有无浸润", "D": "巨核细胞多少"}, "answer": "骨髓增生程度及原始细胞多少", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.迁延性腹泻(  )。", "options": {"A": "病程<2周", "B": "病程2周~2个月", "C": "病程2周~6个月", "D": "病程>2个月"}, "answer": "病程2周~2个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,35岁,双下肢水肿2周,查体:血压130/80mmHg,双下肢轻度凹陷。尿常规:蛋白(+++),红细胞(++),Cr 122μmol/L,血浆白蛋白28g/L。3.若为上述病理类型,首选治疗药物为(  )。", "options": {"A": "环孢素A", "B": "霉酚酸酯", "C": "糖皮质激素", "D": "硫唑嘌呤"}, "answer": "糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医疗机构发现甲类传染病时,对疑似病人在明确诊断前,应在指定场所进行(  )。", "options": {"A": "留验", "B": "单独隔离观察", "C": "访视", "D": "就地诊验"}, "answer": "单独隔离观察", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,44岁。因气促3周就诊。查体颈静脉怒张,血压90/75mmHg,心界向两侧扩大,心率120次/分,律齐,心音遥远,肝肋下3指,移动性浊音(-)。最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "冠心病", "B": "急性纤维蛋白性心包炎", "C": "急性渗出性心包炎", "D": "肺部感染"}, "answer": "急性渗出性心包炎", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.人类获得性免疫缺陷病毒基因组是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单股负链线状RNA,不分节段含有5个结构基因", "B": "正链线状RNA,含有三个结构基因和至少七个调节基因", "C": "单股负链RNA,分为8个节段", "D": "单股负链RNA,可分为7个节段"}, "answer": "正链线状RNA,含有三个结构基因和至少七个调节基因", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一中年男性患者因急性阑尾炎住院治疗,手术后,主管医生为了使患者尽快恢复,给患者使用了一种比较贵的新型抗生素,但并没有同患者商量,患者恢复很快,几天后就可出院。出院时,患者发现自己需付上千元的药费,认为医生没有告诉自己而擅自做主,自己不应该负担这笔钱。在这个案例中,医生损害了患者的哪个权利(  )。", "options": {"A": "知情同意权", "B": "平等的医疗权", "C": "要求保护隐私权", "D": "病人的参与权"}, "answer": "知情同意权", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列何种细菌生长分布于琼脂培养管之底部?(  )", "options": {"A": "专性需氧菌", "B": "专性厌氧菌", "C": "兼性厌氧菌", "D": "所有细菌"}, "answer": "专性厌氧菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初产妇,29岁。胎儿分娩出30分钟后出现阴道流血200ml,用手在产妇耻骨联合上方轻压子宫下段时,外露脐带回缩。此时正确的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "按压子宫底,牵拉脐带", "B": "等待胎盘剥离", "C": "徒手剥离胎盘", "D": "子宫体注射麦角新碱"}, "answer": "徒手剥离胎盘", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肾炎性肾病与单纯性肾病的区别是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆固醇增高", "B": "大量蛋白尿", "C": "血尿、高血压", "D": "水肿明显"}, "answer": "血尿、高血压", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于淋病奈瑟菌正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "女性感染者比男性更重", "B": "为G+菌", "C": "人是唯一宿主", "D": "无垂直传播"}, "answer": "人是唯一宿主", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列微生物染色方法正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生隐球菌——革兰染色", "B": "钩端螺旋体——镀银染色", "C": "立克次体——碘液染色", "D": "结核杆菌——Giemsa染色"}, "answer": "钩端螺旋体——镀银染色", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,55岁,肥胖。餐后发作右上腹部阵发性绞痛,每次发作持续约1~2小时,疼痛向右肩背部放射,伴有饱胀感。首选的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B超", "B": "MRI", "C": "上消化道钡餐", "D": "口服胆囊造影"}, "answer": "B超", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性持续性腹痛阵发性加剧并休克,最可能的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性阑尾炎", "B": "绞窄性肠梗阻", "C": "泌尿系结石,肾绞痛", "D": "外伤性肝破裂"}, "answer": "绞窄性肠梗阻", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "异丙肾上腺素平喘作用的主要机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "激活腺苷酸环化酶,增加平滑肌细胞内cAMP浓度", "B": "抑制腺苷酸环化酶,降低平滑肌细胞内cAMP浓度", "C": "直接松弛支气管平滑肌", "D": "激活鸟苷酸环化酶,增加平滑肌细胞内cGMP浓度"}, "answer": "激活腺苷酸环化酶,增加平滑肌细胞内cAMP浓度", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心脏骤停一旦确诊,应立即采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尝试捶击复律及清理呼吸道", "B": "气管内插管", "C": "人工呼吸", "D": "按压人中"}, "answer": "尝试捶击复律及清理呼吸道", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.为真核基因转录激活所必不可少(  )。", "options": {"A": "操纵子", "B": "启动子", "C": "增强子", "D": "衰减子"}, "answer": "启动子", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在人本主义治疗中哪项是最重要?(  )", "options": {"A": "表达", "B": "分析", "C": "指导", "D": "倾听"}, "answer": "倾听", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,30岁。发现高血压1年,发热、咽痛3天,肉眼血尿1天。查体:BP 160/100mmHg,咽红,扁桃体Ⅱ度,双下肢水肿。化验:尿蛋白2.56g/24h,尿沉渣镜检RBC满视野,血肌酐210μmol/L,尿比重1.018,肝功能正常,乙肝两对半阴性,血IgA升高。无高血压家族史。1.最可能的临床诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾小球肾炎", "B": "慢性肾小球肾炎", "C": "隐匿性肾小球肾炎", "D": "肾病综合征"}, "answer": "慢性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "根据国内标准,关于血红蛋白测定值下述哪一项可诊断为贫血?(  )", "options": {"A": "成年女性低于110g/L", "B": "成年男生低于130g/L", "C": "哺乳期低于115g/L", "D": "初生儿至3个月低于l50g/L"}, "answer": "成年女性低于110g/L", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "慢性肾衰竭按肾功能程度可分为(  )。", "options": {"A": "代偿期、失代偿期、尿毒症期", "B": "氮质血症期、尿毒症前期、尿毒症期", "C": "肾贮备能力下降期、氨质血症期、肾衰竭期、尿毒症期", "D": "代偿期、氮质血症期、尿毒症期"}, "answer": "肾贮备能力下降期、氨质血症期、肾衰竭期、尿毒症期", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,51岁,5年前患左侧大脑中动脉血栓形成,遗留右侧半身轻瘫,一年来认为自己患了癌症,到处求医检查均被否定,但患者仍坚信不移,多次自杀未遂。查体:意识清,有命令性幻听、幻嗅、疑病妄想、被害妄想、情感脆弱、记忆力减退、理解力和判断力差,血压180/1OOmmHg。其诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑郁症", "B": "早老性痴呆", "C": "人格障碍", "D": "脑血管所致精神障碍"}, "answer": "脑血管所致精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.医疗事故的损害结果(  )。", "options": {"A": "造成患者人身损害", "B": "过失", "C": "违法行为和损害结果之间有因果关系", "D": "医疗机构和医务人员"}, "answer": "造成患者人身损害", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者女性,38岁,乘车时右腿放在左腿上,突然刹车时右膝受到撞击致右髋疼痛不能活动,4小时后来医院就诊,查体见患肢短缩,右髋屈曲、内收、内旋畸形。1.应首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右髋关节脱位", "B": "右髋关节后脱位", "C": "右髋关节脱位并右膝损伤", "D": "右髋关节中心脱位"}, "answer": "右髋关节后脱位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "构成医疗事故的主观方面,应当是(  )。", "options": {"A": "技术水平欠缺的技术过失", "B": "违反卫生法规和诊疗护理规范,常规的责任过失", "C": "疏忽大意的过失", "D": "过于自信的过失"}, "answer": "违反卫生法规和诊疗护理规范,常规的责任过失", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "老年女性,绝经10年,近1周白带带血丝。妇科检查:宫颈中度糜烂,子宫后倾,稍小。双侧附件未见异常,宫颈刮片细胞学检查巴氏三级。2.最有确诊意义的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫颈碘检查", "B": "宫颈活检", "C": "宫颈刮片细胞学检查", "D": "阴道镜检查"}, "answer": "宫颈活检", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某女生在一次动物试验中,因抓大白鼠方法不对被咬,引起焦虑和恐惧发作,而后表现为见鼠就尖叫、害怕、心跳剧烈。病人主动求医,心理治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "厌恶疗法", "B": "奖励疗法", "C": "系统脱敏法", "D": "生物反馈疗法"}, "answer": "系统脱敏法", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "能诱发“流感综合征”的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "利福平", "B": "多黏菌素", "C": "链霉素", "D": "头孢孟多"}, "answer": "利福平", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,23岁。排便次数增多1个月,大便带血,直肠指诊于直肠侧壁触及柔软光滑有蒂包块。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血栓性外痔", "B": "肛窦炎", "C": "直肠癌", "D": "直肠息肉"}, "answer": "直肠息肉", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列有关蛋白质变性的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋白质变性时其一级结构不受影响", "B": "蛋白质变性时其生物学活性降低或丧失", "C": "去除变性因素后变性蛋白质都可以复原", "D": "球蛋白变性后其水溶性降低"}, "answer": "去除变性因素后变性蛋白质都可以复原", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.思维贫乏(  )。", "options": {"A": "是急性精神分裂症的常见症状", "B": "是慢性精神分裂症的常见症状", "C": "是躁狂症的常见症状", "D": "是抑郁症的常见症状"}, "answer": "是慢性精神分裂症的常见症状", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "首选以下哪项抢救癫痫持续状态的患者?(  )", "options": {"A": "苯妥英钠静脉注射", "B": "苯巴比妥钠肌内注射", "C": "地西泮静脉注射", "D": "水合氯醛灌肠"}, "answer": "地西泮静脉注射", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "诊断慢性血管内溶血的重要依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脾肿大", "B": "贫血与黄疸", "C": "尿含铁血黄素阳性", "D": "粪胆原增加"}, "answer": "尿含铁血黄素阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.心房颤动引起的常见卒中类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "分水岭脑梗死", "B": "脑栓塞", "C": "脑血栓", "D": "腔隙性脑梗死"}, "answer": "脑栓塞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,16岁。发热伴头痛,恶心2天,于8月10日入院。呕吐3次,为胃内容物。查体:T 39.6℃,BP 120/80mmHg。精神萎靡。定向力差。颈抵抗(+),克氏征及巴氏征均阳性。该患者病变最严重的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大脑皮质和小脑", "B": "小脑和脊髓", "C": "大脑皮质及丘脑", "D": "延髓和桥脑"}, "answer": "大脑皮质及丘脑", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "随着抗生素的广泛应用,引起细菌性肺炎的病原体最主要的变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "革兰阴性杆菌肺炎不断增加", "B": "军团菌肺炎的发病率逐年下降", "C": "葡萄球菌肺炎很少发生", "D": "支原体肺炎很少发生"}, "answer": "革兰阴性杆菌肺炎不断增加", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "给来访者以心理上的指导和帮助的过程叫(  )。", "options": {"A": "心理评估", "B": "心理治疗", "C": "心理支持", "D": "心理咨询"}, "answer": "心理咨询", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "国内对包括胎儿期一部分和婴儿期一部分的围生期的定义是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎龄27周至生后7天", "B": "胎龄28周至生后7天", "C": "胎龄30周至生后4周", "D": "胎龄36周至生后2周"}, "answer": "胎龄28周至生后7天", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "9个月女孩,母乳喂养,面色蜡黄,表情呆滞,烦躁不安.肝肋下2cm,脾肋下1cm。红细胞2.8×1012/L,血红蛋白70g/L,红细胞大小不等,大的红细胞内中央浅染区扩大,骨髓片呈巨幼细胞增生,其核粗松,胞浆较少。2.还须做下列哪项检查帮助诊断?(  )", "options": {"A": "血清铁蛋白、叶酸、Vit B12含量测定", "B": "Coombs试验+网织红细胞计数", "C": "骨髓糖原染色检查", "D": "血红蛋白电泳检查"}, "answer": "血清铁蛋白、叶酸、Vit B12含量测定", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "钩端螺旋体病黄疸出血型的储存宿主主要为(  )。", "options": {"A": "牛", "B": "猪", "C": "鼠", "D": "羊"}, "answer": "鼠", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "甲状腺癌最常见的病理类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "滤泡状癌", "B": "髓样癌", "C": "乳头状癌", "D": "腺癌"}, "answer": "乳头状癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某患儿,畏寒发热,腹痛,腹泻,有脓血便及里急后重症状,后有休克症状,试问该患儿患何种病的可能性大(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠炎", "B": "细菌性痢疾", "C": "伤寒", "D": "流行性出血热"}, "answer": "细菌性痢疾", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "Th2细胞主要分泌(  )。", "options": {"A": "IFN-α", "B": "IL-4", "C": "IFN-γ", "D": "TNF-β"}, "answer": "IL-4", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,47岁,反复说:“你是医生……医生……医生,请你给我看病……看病……看病,我要回家……回家……回家。”该症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "模仿言语", "B": "思维破裂", "C": "刻板言语", "D": "重复言语"}, "answer": "重复言语", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对肺泡气分压变化起缓冲作用的肺容量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "残气量", "B": "补吸气量", "C": "补呼气量", "D": "功能残气量"}, "answer": "功能残气量", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列癌基因、抑癌基因表达蛋白质均属于转录调节因子,除外的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "myc", "B": "jun", "C": "Rb", "D": "src"}, "answer": "src", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是糖尿病患者胰岛素治疗最主要的不良反应?(  )", "options": {"A": "注射处红肿疼痛", "B": "注射处脂肪萎缩", "C": "发生低血糖", "D": "过敏性休克"}, "answer": "发生低血糖", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "严重的腺垂体功能减退症易发生低血糖主要是缺乏(  )。", "options": {"A": "PRL及TSH", "B": "PRL及ACTH", "C": "GH及TSH", "D": "GH及ACTH"}, "answer": "GH及ACTH", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.急性链球菌感染后肾炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿蛋白+++,RBC++,血总蛋白降低,胆固醇增高,血尿素氮增高,血压增高", "B": "少尿持续2周以上,尿RBC+++,血尿素氮明显增高,血压增高", "C": "尿蛋白+,RBC++,血补体降低,血压增高", "D": "尿蛋白++,WBC+++,血补体正常,血压正常"}, "answer": "尿蛋白+,RBC++,血补体降低,血压增高", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "进行颈、胸手术后,患者应采取的体位为(  )。", "options": {"A": "平卧位", "B": "侧卧位", "C": "高坡卧位", "D": "15°~30°头高足低斜坡卧位"}, "answer": "高坡卧位", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿气喘三凹征,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管哮喘", "B": "支气管炎", "C": "支扩", "D": "毛细支气管炎"}, "answer": "毛细支气管炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肝脏的血液供应来自门静脉的约占(  )。", "options": {"A": "30%~35%", "B": "40%~45%", "C": "60%~65%", "D": "70%~75%"}, "answer": "70%~75%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.细胞壁不含肽聚糖的微生物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支原体", "B": "立克次体", "C": "螺旋体", "D": "真菌"}, "answer": "真菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,30岁,4h前跌伤后昏迷5min,清醒后步行回家。1h前因剧烈头痛,呕吐3次送来急诊。查体:昏迷,脉搏64/min,血压180/90mmHg,呼吸18/min,左瞳3mm,右瞳2mm,右上、下肢肌力Ⅲ级。2.应立即采取的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑电图", "B": "脑血管造影", "C": "头部CT", "D": "眼底检查"}, "answer": "头部CT", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对10名25岁以上的山区健康男子测量脉搏次数(次/min),用t检验与全国正常男子资料进行比较,按α=0.05的检验水准,自由度为下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "v=19", "B": "v=20", "C": "v=9", "D": "v=18"}, "answer": "v=19", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男婴,3天。出生后不吃、不哭、不动,少尿,体温不升。胎龄32周早产。查体:T 34.0℃,呼吸不规则,反应低下,皮肤黄染,肺部呼吸音低,心音低钝,腹胀,面颊、臀部,双下肢皮肤硬肿,压之凹陷,手足凉。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿黄疸", "B": "新生儿肺炎", "C": "新生儿水肿", "D": "新生儿寒冷损伤综合征"}, "answer": "新生儿寒冷损伤综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,45岁。被汽车撞伤4小时,出现右上腹及背部疼痛,向右肩部放射,呕吐物为血性。查体:T 36.5℃,P 100次分,R 18次/分,BP 110/70mmHg。神志清楚,双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心律齐。上腹部轻压痛,无明显肌紧张,直肠指检可在骶前触及捻发感,腹部平片见腹膜后积气。应首先考虑损伤的脏器为(  )。", "options": {"A": "右肺部损伤", "B": "右肾损伤", "C": "十二指肠损伤", "D": "脾脏损伤"}, "answer": "十二指肠损伤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.上述哪项是戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)的主要传播途径?(  )", "options": {"A": "消化道传播", "B": "输血传播", "C": "虫媒传播", "D": "直接接触传播"}, "answer": "消化道传播", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.属于术后麻醉反应的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热", "B": "恶心、呕吐", "C": "腹胀", "D": "呃逆"}, "answer": "恶心、呕吐", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,10岁,发现眼睑水肿3天,尿色如深茶色1天,病前3周曾患皮肤脓疱疮。查体:血压130/90mmHg,心率110次/分,肝于右肋下1cm,有压痛,双下肢轻度凹陷性水肿。目前首选的治疗措施是给予(  )。", "options": {"A": "限盐", "B": "青霉素", "C": "呋塞米", "D": "卡托普利"}, "answer": "呋塞米", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "能引起转移性脓肿的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄球菌", "B": "链球菌", "C": "绿脓杆菌", "D": "变形杆菌"}, "answer": "葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.女,40岁,因患肺结核长期服用以上哪种抗结核药治疗,出现视野缩小、绿视等,确诊球后视神经炎?(  )", "options": {"A": "磺胺嘧啶(SD)", "B": "利福平", "C": "四环素", "D": "乙胺丁醇"}, "answer": "乙胺丁醇", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.抗病毒感染(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ab阻断、中和作用", "B": "调理作用", "C": "ADCC", "D": "引起变态反应"}, "answer": "Ab阻断、中和作用", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.自身免疫性睾丸炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "隐蔽抗原", "B": "抗独特型抗体", "C": "抗同种异型抗体", "D": "交叉反应性抗体"}, "answer": "隐蔽抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项不是女性外生殖器官血液供应的主要来源?(  )", "options": {"A": "髂外动脉", "B": "子宫动脉", "C": "阴道动脉", "D": "阴部内动脉"}, "answer": "髂外动脉", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一般多采用非手术治疗的骨关节结核是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全关节型早期", "B": "破坏较明显,进展快,又很靠近关节软骨的单纯骨型", "C": "单纯滑膜型", "D": "窦道长期未愈合"}, "answer": "单纯滑膜型", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有资格参加执业助理医师资格考试的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "有中等专业学校医学专业学历的", "B": "有中等专业学校医学专业学历,在保健机构中工作满6个月的", "C": "有高等学校医学专科学历,在医疗机构试用期满1年的", "D": "有高等学校医学专科学历,在医疗机构试用期满6个月的"}, "answer": "有高等学校医学专科学历,在医疗机构试用期满1年的", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.恐惧的对象无指向性(  )。", "options": {"A": "广泛性焦虑", "B": "社交恐怖", "C": "广场恐怖", "D": "单纯恐怖"}, "answer": "广泛性焦虑", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于病人的道德权利,下述提法中正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人都有要求开假休息的权利", "B": "医生在任何情况下都不能超越病人要求保密的权利", "C": "病人被免除社会责任的权利是随意的", "D": "知情同意是病人自主权的具体形式"}, "answer": "知情同意是病人自主权的具体形式", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "正常人时间肺活量第1秒末呼出气量占肺活量的百分比是(  )。", "options": {"A": "63%", "B": "80%", "C": "96%", "D": "99%"}, "answer": "80%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "目前我国最常用的智力量表是(  )。", "options": {"A": "洛奇-桑代克智力量表", "B": "韦克斯勒智力量表", "C": "瑟斯顿智力量表", "D": "勒特国际操作量表"}, "answer": "韦克斯勒智力量表", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "毛果芸香碱临床上主要用于治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "术后腹胀气", "B": "青光眼", "C": "重症肌无力", "D": "房室传导阻滞"}, "answer": "青光眼", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,56岁,反复上腹部痛,多在餐后很快发作,不易用抑酸剂控制,每次发作时频繁呕吐。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "十二指肠球部溃疡", "B": "十二指肠球后溃疡", "C": "幽门管溃疡", "D": "胃体溃疡"}, "answer": "幽门管溃疡", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女31岁,2年前因胃出血行胃大部切除术,近1年半来头晕,乏力,面色苍白,平时月经量稍多,检查:Hb 76g/L,RBC 3.1×1012/L,WBC 5.3×109/L,网织红细胞0.015,在进行体格检查时,不可能出现的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤干燥,毛发干燥易脱落", "B": "行走不稳,深感觉减退", "C": "指甲变脆,变平或匙状甲", "D": "心尖部收缩期吹风样杂音"}, "answer": "行走不稳,深感觉减退", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "青年男性,骑自行车跌倒,左小腿下1/3腓侧有压痛,局部肿胀,可闻及骨摩擦音,该患者步行到医院,其诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腓骨闭合性骨折", "B": "胫骨骨折", "C": "胫腓骨闭合性双折", "D": "左小腿下1/3软组织挫伤"}, "answer": "腓骨闭合性骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "胸部上腹部切口拆线时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "4~5天", "B": "5~6天", "C": "7~9天", "D": "10~12天"}, "answer": "7~9天", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,30岁。有四肢关节疼痛病史,近半年来,时感心悸,活动后气急,休息后缓解。体检:两颧紫红色,口唇轻度发绀,听诊心尖区闻及舒张期隆隆样杂音,胸骨左缘第3~4肋间可闻及二尖瓣开放拍击音,P2亢进、分裂。2.入院第二天后体检发现第一心音强弱不等,心律绝对不规则,心率120次/分,脉率100次/分,应考虑并发哪项心律失常?(  )", "options": {"A": "窦性心动过速", "B": "阵发性室上性心动过速", "C": "心房颤动", "D": "心室颤动"}, "answer": "心房颤动", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,3岁。出生时正常,母乳喂养,5个月后智能落后,头发变黄,肤色变白,多动,有肌痉挛,尿有鼠尿臭味。2.为协助诊断应选择的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血钙、磷测定", "B": "血T3、T4、TSH测定", "C": "尿三氯化铁试验", "D": "脑电图检查"}, "answer": "尿三氯化铁试验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "顺式作用元件是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "基因的5′侧翼序列", "B": "基因的3′侧翼序列", "C": "基因的5′、3′侧翼序列", "D": "具有转录调节功能的特异DNA序列"}, "answer": "具有转录调节功能的特异DNA序列", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "进入疟区时,作为病因性预防的常规用药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯喹", "B": "乙胺嘧啶", "C": "磺胺多辛", "D": "奎宁"}, "answer": "乙胺嘧啶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初产妇,足月妊娠,宫口开全1.5h尚未分娩。阴道检查:头先露,宫口开全,胎头位于坐骨棘水平下3cm,枕左横位(LOT),胎膜已破,羊水清,胎心率140/min,估计胎儿重3200g。本例处理应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉滴注缩宫素", "B": "等待阴道自然分娩", "C": "徒手将胎头枕部转向前方,然后阻道分娩", "D": "行产钳助产术"}, "answer": "徒手将胎头枕部转向前方,然后阻道分娩", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "怒的情绪产生后,可通过某些途径影响躯体器官活动,这些途径不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "下丘脑一垂体一肾上腺皮质系统", "B": "下丘脑一垂体一肾上腺髓质系统", "C": "下丘脑一交感神经系统", "D": "下丘脑一大脑皮层系统"}, "answer": "下丘脑一大脑皮层系统", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "诊断肉瘤的主要依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺部转移", "B": "异型性明显,有核分裂像", "C": "恶性肿瘤细胞弥散分布,与间质分界不清", "D": "肿瘤体积巨大"}, "answer": "恶性肿瘤细胞弥散分布,与间质分界不清", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,52岁。反复无痛性肉眼血尿伴条状血块2月,膀胱镜检见右输尿管口喷血,尿细胞学可见癌细胞。2.明确诊断后首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右肾切除术", "B": "右肾输尿管全切除", "C": "化疗", "D": "免疫治疗"}, "answer": "右肾输尿管全切除", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于医学心理学研究方法的描述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心理学最基本的研究方法是观察法和实验法", "B": "观察法的观察是指对被观察者的外显行为进行观察、测量以及记录", "C": "实验法区别于观察法的最主要特征是控制条件", "D": "以上均正确"}, "answer": "以上均正确", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.相当于H-2S区的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HLA-B", "B": "HLA-C", "C": "HLA-D", "D": "HLA-C'"}, "answer": "HLA-C'", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对未经治疗的患者,以下检查项目,哪项结果正常时最有助于排除心力衰竭?(  )", "options": {"A": "心电图", "B": "血浆脑钠肽水平", "C": "胸部X线检查", "D": "血浆肌钙蛋白水平"}, "answer": "血浆脑钠肽水平", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胃黏膜处于高酸和胃蛋白酶的环境中却并不被消化,是由于存在着自我保护机制,称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "碳酸盐屏障", "B": "黏液屏障", "C": "黏液—碳酸氢盐屏障", "D": "黏液细胞保护"}, "answer": "黏液—碳酸氢盐屏障", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.来源于间叶组织的恶性肿瘤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癌", "B": "肉瘤", "C": "精原细胞瘤", "D": "霍奇金病"}, "answer": "肉瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "作为乙型肝炎病毒携带者,在血清中检出最重要的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HBeAg", "B": "HBsAg", "C": "抗HBe", "D": "抗HBs"}, "answer": "HBsAg", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性生殖器结核的临床特点不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "月经失调", "B": "低热", "C": "不孕", "D": "腹泻、便秘交替"}, "answer": "腹泻、便秘交替", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列具有受体酪氨酸蛋白激酶活性的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "雌激素受体", "B": "甲状腺素受体", "C": "肾上腺素受体", "D": "表皮生长因子受体"}, "answer": "表皮生长因子受体", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.治疗支原体肺炎应选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素G", "B": "大环内酯类药物", "C": "头孢菌素类药物", "D": "庆大霉素"}, "answer": "大环内酯类药物", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "引起疱疹性咽峡炎的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯疱疹病毒", "B": "腺病毒", "C": "柯萨奇A组病毒", "D": "流感病毒"}, "answer": "柯萨奇A组病毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者男性,28岁,高处坠落后左下肢肿痛3天。查体:神志清楚,右下肢肿胀瘀血,小腿可见广泛皮肤挫裂伤及水泡,左足皮温低,感觉减退,足背动脉搏动未触及,足趾冰凉,甲床青紫色,X线片示左胫腓骨中断粉碎性骨折。1.请问该患者诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "左胫腓骨中段粉碎性骨折伴小腿骨筋膜室综合征", "B": "左胫腓骨中段粉碎性骨折伴感染", "C": "左胫腓骨中段粉碎性骨折伴小腿软组织损伤", "D": "以上都不对"}, "answer": "左胫腓骨中段粉碎性骨折伴小腿骨筋膜室综合征", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列关于自身抗体的叙述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "自身抗体均为IgM类抗体", "B": "自身抗体均为器官特异性抗体", "C": "自身抗体均为器官非特异性抗体", "D": "自身抗体大量,持续产生可引发自身免疫性疾病"}, "answer": "自身抗体大量,持续产生可引发自身免疫性疾病", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "马氏斑在风湿病心脏受累时,常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "左房前壁", "B": "左房后壁", "C": "右房前壁", "D": "左室后壁"}, "answer": "左房后壁", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,50岁。活动后胸闷1年,夜间阵发性呼吸困难4天。查体:BP 130/80mmHg,P2亢进,心尖部可闻及舒张期隆隆样杂音,余瓣膜区未闻及杂音。2.该患者最易出现的心律失常是(  )。", "options": {"A": "三度房室传导阻滞", "B": "心房扑动", "C": "室性心动过速", "D": "心房颤动"}, "answer": "心房颤动", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列情况可导致肾小球滤过率增加的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾交感神经兴奋", "B": "注射大量肾上腺素", "C": "快速静注大量生理盐水", "D": "静注高渗葡萄糖液"}, "answer": "快速静注大量生理盐水", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "与心身疾病诊断无关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "器质性病变的临床特点", "B": "排除神经症和精神病", "C": "单纯生物医学措施疗效甚微", "D": "由某种躯体疾病引发心理障碍"}, "answer": "由某种躯体疾病引发心理障碍", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "健康促进的核心策略是(  )。", "options": {"A": "增加赋权", "B": "部门协调", "C": "社会动员", "D": "鼓动传播"}, "answer": "社会动员", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肺通气的直接动力是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺内压与胸膜腔内压之差", "B": "胸膜腔内压与跨壁压之差", "C": "大气压与肺内压之差", "D": "大气压与胸膜腔内压之差"}, "answer": "大气压与肺内压之差", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,64岁。散步时突然自觉腹部不适、恶心、头晕、出虚汗、心率加快、心慌。急诊查体:脉搏118次/分,血压100/60mmHg,心律齐,面色苍白,腹部广泛压痛,尤以右侧腹明显,轻度肌紧张。既往有肝炎后肝硬化史,但无出血史,未做进一步检查。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝癌破裂", "B": "溃疡病穿孔", "C": "急性坏死性胰腺炎", "D": "肝炎发作"}, "answer": "肝癌破裂", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.男性,17岁,发热、咽痛伴齿龈出血1周来诊。体检:浅表淋巴结肿大,肝肋下lcm,脾肋下3cm,胸骨压痛(+),血红蛋白80g/L,白细胞18.2×109/L,PLT84×109/L,骨髓增生活跃,原始细胞占60%,糖原染色阳性,粗粒,血清和尿溶菌酶低。该病例临床诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性单核细胞白血病", "B": "急性红白血病", "C": "急性淋巴细胞性白血病", "D": "急性粒细胞性白血病"}, "answer": "急性淋巴细胞性白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "铁的吸收部位是在(  )。", "options": {"A": "十二指肠及空肠上段", "B": "回肠中段", "C": "胃窦", "D": "胃底"}, "answer": "十二指肠及空肠上段", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,63岁。发热伴腰痛3天。既往糖尿病病史8年。查体:T 38.5℃,右肾区叩击痛(+)。血WBC 11.3×109g/L,N 0.88;尿常规:蛋白(+),糖(++),沉渣镜检RBC 8~10/HP,WBC 25~30/HP,对明确诊断最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾穿刺活检", "B": "清洁中断尿培养+药敏", "C": "泌尿系B超", "D": "尿相差显微镜检查"}, "answer": "清洁中断尿培养+药敏", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "自身耐受因某些原因遭到破坏或终止时,可能发生(  )。", "options": {"A": "自身免疫反应或自身免疫病", "B": "肿瘤", "C": "免疫缺陷病", "D": "持续性病毒感染"}, "answer": "自身免疫反应或自身免疫病", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于脑出血临床表现的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "均出现头痛", "B": "脑脊液均为血性", "C": "头部CT检查显示圆形或卵圆形高密度病灶", "D": "均有脑膜刺激征"}, "answer": "头部CT检查显示圆形或卵圆形高密度病灶", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于新生儿败血症,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "缺乏特异性", "B": "可出现黄疸消退延迟或退而复现", "C": "血培养阳性率低", "D": "均有发热"}, "answer": "均有发热", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,24岁,因足部外伤入院,6小时后急起出现头痛、呕吐、腹泻、流泪、流涕、打哈欠、全身骨头痛、坐立不安。采集病史时应注意询问(  )。", "options": {"A": "睡眠情况", "B": "药物滥用史", "C": "关节炎史", "D": "入院前饮食情况"}, "answer": "药物滥用史", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性乳腺炎最常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "哺乳半年后的妇女", "B": "初产哺乳的妇女", "C": "长期哺乳的妇女", "D": "乳头凹陷的妇女"}, "answer": "初产哺乳的妇女", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.类白血病样反应(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓细胞内可见Auer小体", "B": "中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶积分增高", "C": "糖原染色阳性", "D": "非特异性酯酶(+),阳性可被氟化钠抑制"}, "answer": "中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶积分增高", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某研究者,为了验证氯霉素对伤寒的疗效,在408例伤寒病人中进行对照实验,其中251例用氯霉素治疗,其余157例不用。结果使用组251人中死亡20人,死亡率7.07%,未用组157人中死亡36人,病死率22.8%,已有结论被亲自证实。2.在临床医学研究中,对受试者应该做到的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "在医学研究中,即使病人病情恶化也不可以中断实验", "B": "危重病人和病情发展变化快的患者不应被使用安慰剂", "C": "以科学利益放在第一位,病人利益放在第二位", "D": "为了更好地获得实验数据,可以对病人说谎,可以不解答病人的疑问"}, "answer": "危重病人和病情发展变化快的患者不应被使用安慰剂", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,70岁,下楼时不慎摔伤右髋部。查体:右下肢短缩。外旋50°畸形,右髋肿胀不明显,但有叩痛。3.该患者最易发生的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "坐骨神经损伤", "B": "脂肪检查", "C": "髋内翻畸形", "D": "股骨头缺血性坏死"}, "answer": "股骨头缺血性坏死", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血的主要发病机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞生成素减少", "B": "先天储铁不足", "C": "铁摄入量不足", "D": "DNA合成不足"}, "answer": "DNA合成不足", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.胎心率早期减速的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎儿缺氧", "B": "胎动", "C": "子宫收缩", "D": "胎头受压"}, "answer": "胎头受压", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "成人生长激素过多将导致(  )。", "options": {"A": "黏液性水肿", "B": "腺瘤", "C": "肢端肥大症", "D": "甲状腺肿"}, "answer": "肢端肥大症", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.氨在肝脏中合成尿素的主要中间物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙氨酸和谷氨酰胺", "B": "谷氨酸和丙氨酸", "C": "瓜氨酸和精氨酸", "D": "半胱氨酸和瓜氨酸"}, "answer": "瓜氨酸和精氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "神经递质、激素和细胞因子都可通过下述哪条途径传递信息?(  )", "options": {"A": "形成动作电位", "B": "与受体结合", "C": "通过胞饮进入细胞", "D": "使离子通道关闭"}, "answer": "与受体结合", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.卵巢颗粒细胞肿瘤的标志物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ACTH", "B": "CA125", "C": "E2", "D": "β-hCG"}, "answer": "E2", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.C反应蛋白测定(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆红素脑病", "B": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病", "C": "病理性黄疸", "D": "新生儿败血症"}, "answer": "新生儿败血症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "脂肪酸合成的原料乙酰CoA从线粒体转移至胞液的途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳酸循环", "B": "糖醛酸循环", "C": "丙氨酸—葡萄糖循环", "D": "柠檬酸—丙酮酸循环"}, "answer": "柠檬酸—丙酮酸循环", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "体力劳动时,心搏出量和做功持久明显地增高,其主要调节机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全身体液调节", "B": "正反馈调节", "C": "等长调节", "D": "异长调节"}, "answer": "等长调节", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "正常胎儿成熟度的判定,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "羊水肌酐值≥88.4μmol/L(1mg%)提示胎儿肾成熟", "B": "羊水胆红素类物质ΔOD450<0.10提示胎儿皮肤成熟", "C": "羊水卵磷脂/鞘磷脂比值>1,提示胎儿肺成熟", "D": "B超测胎儿双顶径>8.5cm,提示胎儿成熟"}, "answer": "B超测胎儿双顶径>8.5cm,提示胎儿成熟", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿容易发生泌尿系统感染主要是因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "小儿与成人相比肾脏位置低、比例大", "B": "输尿管长容易受压扭曲致梗阻", "C": "婴儿肾脏表面呈分叶状", "D": "小儿腹部经常可以触及肾脏"}, "answer": "输尿管长容易受压扭曲致梗阻", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肺炎病原体最不常见的入侵途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血行播散", "B": "邻近部位蔓延", "C": "飞沫吸入", "D": "淋巴道感染"}, "answer": "淋巴道感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "依据WHO提出的癌症三级止痛阶梯治疗方案正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "以注射给药为主", "B": "效果不明显时,换用非吗啡类药", "C": "从小剂量开始,视止痛效果逐渐增量", "D": "根据疼痛发作与否非定期给药"}, "answer": "从小剂量开始,视止痛效果逐渐增量", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "阵发性室上性心动过速并发变异型心绞痛,宜采用下述何种药物治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "维拉帕米", "B": "利多卡因", "C": "普鲁卡因胺", "D": "普萘洛尔"}, "answer": "维拉帕米", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "CO中毒的症状与下述哪一项无关?(  )", "options": {"A": "与CO接触时问长短", "B": "空气中CO的浓度", "C": "患者中毒前的健康状况", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "以上都不是", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,50岁,半年来双腕、掌指和指间关节对称性肿痛,化验:ESR 35mm/1h末,RF阳性。1.对本例诊断最有帮助的进一步问诊是(  )。", "options": {"A": "晨僵及持续时间", "B": "关节活动情况", "C": "关节有无畸形", "D": "发热"}, "answer": "晨僵及持续时间", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医疗事故的主体是医疗机构及其医务人员,这里所说的医务人员是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "本院的医师、护士", "B": "依法注册的医师、护士", "C": "本院从事医疗活动的所有有关人员", "D": "本院从事医疗活动的所有有关医疗技术人员"}, "answer": "本院从事医疗活动的所有有关医疗技术人员", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.呆小病(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨龄落后,具有特殊面容,黏液水肿", "B": "头大,四肢短小,智力正常", "C": "智力体格发育迟缓,具有特殊面容和皮纹特点", "D": "智力落后,皮肤毛发色素减少,尿有鼠尿臭味"}, "answer": "骨龄落后,具有特殊面容,黏液水肿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "细菌侵袭力不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "表面抗原", "B": "侵入数量", "C": "侵袭性酶", "D": "脂磷壁酸"}, "answer": "侵入数量", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "被注销注册的医师有异议的,可以自收到注销注册通知之日起多少日内,依法申请复议或者向人民法院提起诉讼(  )。", "options": {"A": "3日", "B": "10日", "C": "15日", "D": "30日"}, "answer": "15日", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心导管检查右心室血氧含量高于右心房的先天性心脏病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "动脉导管未闭", "D": "法洛四联症"}, "answer": "室间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,女,11月,咳嗽5天,喘4天。查体:体温37℃,鼻扇(+),双肺闻及哮鸣音及少许水泡音,肝大,质软。血化验:白细胞11×109/L。胸部正位片:双肺纹理增强,双肺通过度增加。该患者初步诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管哮喘", "B": "喘息性支气管炎", "C": "急性毛细支气管肺炎", "D": "肺炎伴心力衰竭"}, "answer": "急性毛细支气管肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "异卵双生小牛中观察到血型嵌合体,彼此间可进行相互的皮肤移植,可得出以下结论(  )。", "options": {"A": "这是由于胚胎期免疫功能尚未成熟,接触同种异型抗原诱导了免疫耐受", "B": "这是由于两头小牛的MHC抗原发生变异", "C": "这是由于两头小牛都处于免疫抑制状态", "D": "由于两头小牛同时在母体内发育成熟,因而相互不发生排斥"}, "answer": "这是由于胚胎期免疫功能尚未成熟,接触同种异型抗原诱导了免疫耐受", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.急性前壁心肌梗死并发加速性室性自主心律宜选择的治疗药物为(  )。", "options": {"A": "地尔硫卓(硫氮酮)", "B": "阿托品", "C": "利多卡因", "D": "胺碘酮"}, "answer": "利多卡因", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.相对浓度升高时可加速氧化磷酸化的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ADP", "B": "NADPH", "C": "UTP", "D": "FAD"}, "answer": "ADP", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是左旋多巴抗帕金森病的作用机制?(  )", "options": {"A": "促进脑内多巴胺能神经释放递质起作用", "B": "在外周脱羧变成多巴胺起作用", "C": "进入脑后脱羧生成多巴胺起作用", "D": "在脑内抑制多巴胺再摄取"}, "answer": "进入脑后脱羧生成多巴胺起作用", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性肾衰竭少尿期最常见的血镁、磷、钙代谢异常是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高镁、高磷、低钙", "B": "低镁、高磷、低钙", "C": "高镁、低磷、高钙", "D": "低镁、高磷、高钙"}, "answer": "高镁、高磷、低钙", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,65岁。干咳2周入院,无发热、咯血及呼吸困难。查体:心肺未见异常,双手可见杵状指,胸部X线片示右下肺可见直径约3cm的类圆形阴影,其内可见小空洞。该患者应首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺结核", "B": "慢性肺脓肿", "C": "支气管肺癌", "D": "Wegener肉芽肿"}, "answer": "支气管肺癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于湿性坏疽的叙述,下述哪一项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "常见于肺、肠和子宫等内脏器官", "B": "由于动脉阻塞、静脉回流正常引起", "C": "坏死组织内有大量腐败菌繁殖", "D": "全身中毒症状重"}, "answer": "由于动脉阻塞、静脉回流正常引起", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.判断肝癌的疗效及预后可采用(  )。", "options": {"A": "脱落细胞检查", "B": "超声波断层检查", "C": "甲胎蛋白定量测定", "D": "选择性动脉造影"}, "answer": "甲胎蛋白定量测定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女性,38岁,公共汽车售票员,年前在工作中与乘客吵架后,出现多食易饥饿,性情急躁,易激动,失眠,多汗怕热,消瘦,心跳快。血压高达170/100mmHg,3个月感到眼睛发胀,大便溏泄,尿多。3.给病人的治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "服用抗甲状腺药物", "B": "手术做甲状腺次全切除", "C": "同位素放射治疗", "D": "抗糖尿病药物治疗"}, "answer": "服用抗甲状腺药物", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,52岁。反复无痛性肉眼血尿伴条状血块2月,膀胱镜检见右输尿管口喷血,尿细胞学可见癌细胞。1.静脉尿路造影最有诊断价值的X线表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右肾不显影", "B": "右肾积水", "C": "右肾萎缩", "D": "右肾盂充盈缺损"}, "answer": "右肾盂充盈缺损", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,53岁,2型糖尿病,控制饮食无效,过度肥胖,选下述哪一种降糖药为最佳?(  )", "options": {"A": "格列齐特", "B": "甲苯磺丁脲", "C": "格列吡嗪", "D": "二甲双胍"}, "answer": "二甲双胍", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "被允许使用安慰剂和双盲法进行人体实验时,最应注意的问题是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是否有利于社会发展进步", "B": "是否有利于医学科研攻关", "C": "受试者是否同意", "D": "受试者利益是否受损害"}, "answer": "受试者利益是否受损害", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "治疗严重肝功能不全的病人宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "可的松", "B": "泼尼松", "C": "泼尼松龙", "D": "醋酸可的松"}, "answer": "泼尼松龙", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,50岁。上肢被开水烫伤,皮肤见多数较大水疱,其烧伤累及皮肤的深度为(  )。", "options": {"A": "表皮", "B": "真皮浅层", "C": "皮肤全层", "D": "皮肤及皮下组织"}, "answer": "真皮浅层", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性酒中毒不包括下列哪个类型?(  )", "options": {"A": "酒中毒性脑病", "B": "复杂性醉酒", "C": "病理性醉酒", "D": "普通醉酒状态"}, "answer": "酒中毒性脑病", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "鼠疫杆菌(  )。", "options": {"A": "临床上有腺鼠疫和败血型鼠疫两类", "B": "可通过蚊子传染给人", "C": "病人微循环障碍,有黑死病之称", "D": "在陈旧培养物中菌体形态单一"}, "answer": "病人微循环障碍,有黑死病之称", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,30岁,诊为慢粒1年后出现发热,皮下出血、贫血加重,脾大5cm。骨髓检查:原淋占90%,过氧化物酶染色阴性。其可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急淋", "B": "慢粒并急淋", "C": "慢粒并骨髓纤维化", "D": "慢粒急淋变"}, "answer": "慢粒急淋变", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,11岁,因急性肾炎住院治疗1个月,现水肿消退,血压正常,血沉9mm,尿蛋白(±),尿红细胞2~4个/HP,出院后医嘱哪一项是合适的?(  )", "options": {"A": "休学静养", "B": "卧床休息2周", "C": "高蛋白低盐饮食", "D": "可上学不能做剧烈活动"}, "answer": "可上学不能做剧烈活动", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿抗风湿热治疗,早期使用糖皮质激素的指征(  )。", "options": {"A": "舞蹈病", "B": "环形红斑", "C": "皮下小结", "D": "心脏炎"}, "answer": "心脏炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,29岁。右乳红肿3个月。查体:右乳皮肤红肿,呈橘皮样改变,未触及肿块,右腋窝可触及多个肿大、质硬、融合淋巴结。皮肤活检在真皮淋巴管内查见癌栓,ER、PR阳性,C-erbB2(HER-2)阴性。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳头状癌", "B": "乳头湿疹样乳腺癌", "C": "绒线癌", "D": "炎性乳腺癌"}, "answer": "炎性乳腺癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "胫骨骨折常出现开放性骨折的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "整个胫骨前内侧面位于皮下,骨折端容易穿破皮肤", "B": "胫骨持重大,骨折后移位多,易伤及皮肤", "C": "胫骨受直接外力机会多,皮肤同时裂伤", "D": "以上都不对"}, "answer": "整个胫骨前内侧面位于皮下,骨折端容易穿破皮肤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在多数情况下,继发性腹膜炎最主要的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉注射抗生素", "B": "胃肠减压", "C": "手术治疗", "D": "观察"}, "answer": "手术治疗", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于伤寒的描述,下列选项。正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结肠形成多发性不规则溃疡", "B": "盲肠形成多发性烧瓶状溃疡", "C": "回肠形成鹅口疮样溃疡", "D": "回肠形成多数圆形或椭圆形溃疡"}, "answer": "回肠形成多数圆形或椭圆形溃疡", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂(ACEI)特点的叙述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "引起反射性心率加快", "B": "对肾脏有保护作用", "C": "可防治高血压患者心肌细胞肥大", "D": "减少循环组织中的血管紧张素Ⅱ"}, "answer": "引起反射性心率加快", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "缺O2和CO2潴留对中枢神经系统可产生的影响不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "导致脑组织碱中毒", "B": "导致脑细胞内水肿", "C": "出现神志不清、昏迷", "D": "导致脑间质水肿"}, "answer": "导致脑组织碱中毒", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "高脂蛋白血症分为五类六型,其中血脂变化主要为胆固醇明显增高而甘油三酯变化不大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅰ型", "B": "Ⅱa型", "C": "Ⅱb型", "D": "Ⅳ型和Ⅴ型"}, "answer": "Ⅱa型", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.骑跨伤易伤及(  )。", "options": {"A": "球部尿道", "B": "膜部尿道", "C": "垂部尿道", "D": "膀胱颈部"}, "answer": "球部尿道", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,28岁,自8米高处坠落2小时后送至医院。自述胸背部疼痛,双下肢不能活动。4.经正确的治疗处理后5天,截瘫恢复不太理想,此时应需要注意的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹主动脉损伤", "B": "褥疮", "C": "硬膜外粘连", "D": "内固定器材断裂"}, "answer": "褥疮", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "骨囊肿好发于(  )。", "options": {"A": "长管骨干骺端", "B": "长管骨骨端", "C": "短管骨骨端", "D": "短管骨干部"}, "answer": "长管骨干骺端", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.婴儿每日所需水分(  )。", "options": {"A": "150ml/kg", "B": "125ml/kg", "C": "100ml/kg", "D": "40ml/kg"}, "answer": "150ml/kg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "选用外转胎位术纠正臀先露的最佳时期是(  )。", "options": {"A": "妊娠22~24周", "B": "妊娠26~28周", "C": "妊娠30~32周", "D": "妊娠38~40周"}, "answer": "妊娠30~32周", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是影响肾排H+的主要因素?(  )", "options": {"A": "通过碳酸酐酶的作用,H+与重碳酸盐结合", "B": "H+与肾小管液中的NH3结合形成NH4+", "C": "H+与Cl-结合为HCl", "D": "H+与醋酸盐结合"}, "answer": "H+与肾小管液中的NH3结合形成NH4+", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "氟喹诺酮类药物的作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制细菌的转肽酶而影响细菌粘肽合成", "B": "抑制细菌二氢叶酸合成酶", "C": "抑制细菌DNA螺旋酶,阻碍DNA复制", "D": "抑制细菌蛋白合成"}, "answer": "抑制细菌DNA螺旋酶,阻碍DNA复制", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.息肉(  )。", "options": {"A": "黏膜上皮腺体增生,形成带蒂的肿物", "B": "吞噬细胞增生,形成境界清楚的结节状病灶", "C": "干酪样坏死+上皮样细胞+郎汉斯巨细胞的结节病灶", "D": "异物+异物巨细胞的结节病灶"}, "answer": "黏膜上皮腺体增生,形成带蒂的肿物", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "Cushing病的首选治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "双侧肾上腺切除术", "B": "口服溴隐亭", "C": "垂体放疗", "D": "经蝶窦切除垂体微腺瘤"}, "answer": "经蝶窦切除垂体微腺瘤", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有一老年病人,诊断动脉粥样硬化症十几年,曾出现跛行,左下肢第一足趾逐渐变黑而疼痛,此足趾病变可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "贫血性梗死", "B": "干性坏疽", "C": "湿性坏疽", "D": "黑色素瘤"}, "answer": "干性坏疽", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "周围血反应骨髓幼红细胞增生程度准确的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "网织红细胞百分数", "B": "血红蛋白和红细胞数", "C": "网织红细胞绝对数", "D": "出现有核红细胞"}, "answer": "网织红细胞绝对数", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "蚊虫在疟原虫的生活史中是(  )。", "options": {"A": "第一中间宿主", "B": "第二中间宿主", "C": "终末宿主", "D": "储存宿主"}, "answer": "终末宿主", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "初产妇,29,G2P0,现妊娠35周。既往孕24周,脊柱裂胎儿而行引产1次。此次妊娠早期经过顺利,妊娠32周时超声检查发现羊水过多,胎儿大于妊娠周数,未见明显畸形。孕妇体态肥胖,近期有多饮、多食、多尿症状。3.明确诊断后首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗生素预防感染", "B": "控制饮食治疗", "C": "磺脲类降糖药试行治疗", "D": "胰岛素试行治疗"}, "answer": "控制饮食治疗", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,28岁。右大腿清创缝合术后6天,发热,局部伤口红肿,范围较大,疼痛明显。伤口局部见稀薄脓液,淡红色,量多,无异味。最可能感染的致病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "铜绿假单胞菌", "B": "溶血性链球菌", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "D": "无芽孢厌氧菌"}, "answer": "溶血性链球菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "传染病的治疗原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病原治疗和消毒隔离", "B": "治疗、护理和消毒隔离", "C": "对症治疗、康复治疗和中药治疗", "D": "病原治疗、康复治疗和中药治疗"}, "answer": "治疗、护理和消毒隔离", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者有偏瘫、偏身感觉障碍和偏盲,最可能由下述哪条血管闭塞引起?(  )", "options": {"A": "大脑中动脉", "B": "大脑后动脉", "C": "内听动脉", "D": "脊髓前动脉"}, "answer": "大脑中动脉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.下列哪项是治疗军团菌病首选的药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "头孢他定", "B": "头孢拉定", "C": "头孢孟多", "D": "红霉素"}, "answer": "红霉素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,30岁,轻度肥胖,空腹血糖5.6mmol/L,口服葡萄糖75g后30分钟血糖达高峰,为11.1mmol/L,2小时值为6.7mmol/L,3小时为4.6mmol/L,其血浆胰岛素浓度及变化可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "空腹时<5μIU/ml", "B": "空腹时正常,口服葡萄糖后缓慢升高,持续时间延长,以后下降", "C": "空腹时正常,口服葡萄糖后迅速升高,持续时间长,以后下降", "D": "空腹时100μIU/ml(正常5~24μIU/ml)"}, "answer": "空腹时正常,口服葡萄糖后缓慢升高,持续时间延长,以后下降", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,52岁,腰痛3年,长期口服止痛药。10天前搬重物后突感腰腿痛加剧,并出现左下肢麻木与排尿困难。体检:腰运动受限,腰5骶l平面偏棘突左侧压痛向下肢放散,直腿抬高试验阳性。马鞍区痛觉减退。2.与下列哪项疾病最容易鉴别(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰扭伤", "B": "腰椎管狭窄症", "C": "椎管内肿瘤", "D": "强直性脊柱炎"}, "answer": "强直性脊柱炎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "甲医师发现临病房乙医师的诊治失误后,及时反映给主管部门。这体现了哪一条正确处理医务人员之间关系的道德原则(  )。", "options": {"A": "开展正当竞争", "B": "共同维护病人利益", "C": "共同维护社会公益", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "共同维护病人利益", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项不属于辅助生育技术带来的伦理问题?(  )", "options": {"A": "导致人伦关系的混乱", "B": "触发不良的生育动机", "C": "造成医疗的低消费", "D": "存在血缘通婚的危险"}, "answer": "造成医疗的低消费", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "HPV不经过哪种途径传播?(  )", "options": {"A": "直接传播", "B": "间接传播", "C": "性接触", "D": "呼吸道"}, "answer": "呼吸道", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.30岁孕妇,孕期经过顺利,现妊娠36周。2天来右下腹隐痛,逐渐加重,伴恶心、发冷。查体:体温39℃,无阴道流血,无子宫收缩。右下腹压痛、反跳痛阳性,胎位右枕前,胎心正常。可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎盘早剥", "B": "前置胎盘", "C": "先兆早产", "D": "妊娠合并阑尾炎"}, "answer": "妊娠合并阑尾炎", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,29岁,发作性心悸,头痛1年,洗碗时或手受凉时常有症状,血压200/130mmHg,本次就诊时血压正常,空腹血糖6.8mmol/L,电解质正常,尿蛋白(+)。1.最应考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性醛固酮增多症", "B": "周期性库欣综合征", "C": "嗜铬细胞瘤", "D": "不稳定型原发性高血压"}, "answer": "嗜铬细胞瘤", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,50岁。干咳2周。既往吸烟史20余年,20支/天。胸部X线片检查显示右上肺近胸膜处可见直径1.5cm的类圆形结节。为协助诊断,应首先采取的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清肿瘤标志物", "B": "胸部CT", "C": "痰细胞学检查", "D": "胸部MRI"}, "answer": "胸部CT", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "鉴别严重肝病出血与DIC出血最有价值的实验室检查项目是(  )。", "options": {"A": "凝血酶原时间", "B": "AT-Ⅲ含量及活性", "C": "血浆FⅧ:C活性", "D": "纤维蛋白原"}, "answer": "血浆FⅧ:C活性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪一项不属于医学心理学的研究对象?(  )", "options": {"A": "动物的心理发育", "B": "人的不良行为", "C": "病人的焦虑", "D": "人群心理健康水平"}, "answer": "动物的心理发育", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性患者,30岁,两年来经常腹痛、腹泻、便血、食欲不振,体重减轻。查体:体温37.6℃,结核菌素试验阳性,结肠镜发现,回盲部黏膜有多个溃疡,其长轴与肠轴垂直,应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌性痢疾", "B": "肠结核", "C": "肠伤寒", "D": "阿米巴痢疾"}, "answer": "肠结核", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不能经虫媒传播感染的病毒是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙型脑炎病毒", "B": "登革热病毒", "C": "狂犬病病毒", "D": "黄热病病毒"}, "answer": "狂犬病病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "阴道B型超声最早在宫腔内见到妊娠囊的时间,是停经(  )。", "options": {"A": "6~7周", "B": "8~9周", "C": "2~3周", "D": "4~5周"}, "answer": "4~5周", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "识别转录起始点的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "核心酶", "B": "ρ因子", "C": "σ因子", "D": "DNAβ蛋白"}, "answer": "σ因子", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,31岁,行走不慎跌入下水井缘骑跨伤后6小时,会阴区疼痛剧烈,不能坐和行走。伤后未排尿,解不出小便不能查尿常规,检查:骨盆挤压、分离试验(+)3.为了明确合并症是否存在,需行下列哪项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "腹腔穿刺", "B": "膀胱触诊", "C": "导尿并查尿常规", "D": "神经系统检查"}, "answer": "导尿并查尿常规", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "化脓性脑膜炎最常见的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑积水", "B": "癫痫", "C": "脑性低钠血症", "D": "硬脑膜下积液"}, "answer": "硬脑膜下积液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有机磷农药中毒出现骨骼肌痉挛主要是因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "ACh释放减少", "B": "终板膜上的受体增多", "C": "胆碱酯酶活性降低", "D": "胆碱酯酶活性增强"}, "answer": "胆碱酯酶活性降低", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "脾切除对下列哪种溶血性贫血疗效最好?(  )", "options": {"A": "阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿", "B": "海洋性贫血", "C": "遗传性球形红细胞增多症", "D": "红细胞6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶缺乏症"}, "answer": "遗传性球形红细胞增多症", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.催化糖原分解生成葡萄糖的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "磷酸葡萄糖异构酶", "B": "磷酸化酶", "C": "6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶", "D": "丙酮酸羧化酶"}, "answer": "磷酸化酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿结核病化疗方案中的标准疗法,其疗程应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "3~4个月", "B": "5~6个月", "C": "9~12个月", "D": "13~18个月"}, "answer": "9~12个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "腹股沟深环位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹股沟中点上方1cm", "B": "腹股沟中点下方1cm", "C": "腹股沟中点上方2cm", "D": "腹股沟中点下方2cm"}, "answer": "腹股沟中点上方2cm", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,19岁。因急性白血病接受骨髓移植治疗,术后被安置于无菌病房中。根据病情,需限制亲属探视。在此期间患者常常出现心情烦躁、不安。针对此情况,心理治疗师指导其采用冥想结合深呼吸的方法来改善自己的情绪。这种应对方式属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "取消社会支持", "B": "消除应激来源", "C": "调整认知评价", "D": "自我调节放松"}, "answer": "自我调节放松", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,61岁,突然意识不清1小时。头颅CT显示右侧大脑半球3cm×3cm×6cm高密度影,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "昏厥", "B": "脑出血", "C": "脑栓塞", "D": "高血压脑病"}, "answer": "脑出血", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于血液组成的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血液由血浆和血细胞组成", "B": "血浆中水分的含量约占90%", "C": "血浆中蛋白质浓度高于组织液", "D": "与抗凝剂混匀的血液待红细胞沉降后,上面的液体部分称为血清"}, "answer": "与抗凝剂混匀的血液待红细胞沉降后,上面的液体部分称为血清", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一位肿瘤病学专家在同事的协助下,为一肺癌病人做胸穿,抽出了1000毫升胸水。第二天早上交班时,这位专家问当班护士:此病人是什么时候做的胸穿?你注意观察了吗?病人的呼吸、心跳怎样?……护士有些紧张,答得不完全。这位专家说:这些内容医师要管,护士也要管,我们应共同努力。6.下述医师做法或叙述中,不符合“彼此信任、共同提高和发挥优势”这一原则的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "下级医师为上级医师掩饰失误,损害了病人利益", "B": "“医生的嘴,护士的腿”", "C": "医师发现检验师检验报告不合格,只是当着病人的面说些“水平太低了”的话,然后又开出另一种检验项目单,嘱病人去做", "D": "上级主管部门就病人反映的某医师开CT检查单而分得“开单费”的违规问题而来调查情况时,因怕伤害朋友情面和影响科室创收,知情医师不配合"}, "answer": "医师发现检验师检验报告不合格,只是当着病人的面说些“水平太低了”的话,然后又开出另一种检验项目单,嘱病人去做", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某医院未经批准新设医疗美容科,从外地聘请了一位退休外科医师担任主治,该院行为性质属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "非法行医", "B": "超范围行医", "C": "正常医疗行为", "D": "开展新技术"}, "answer": "超范围行医", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,40岁。发现血尿、蛋白尿5年。查体:BP 150/90mmHg,双下肢轻度凹陷性水肿。实验室检查:尿蛋白1.0~1.7g/d,尿RBC 5~15/HP,Scr 100μmol/L。B超示双肾大小正常。2.该患者首选的进一步检查项目是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾活检病理检查", "B": "肾动脉造影", "C": "24小时尿钠测定", "D": "双肾CT检查"}, "answer": "肾活检病理检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "以下哪项是类白血病反应的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "脾脏显著肿大", "B": "外周血出现幼稚细胞,NAP活性增高", "C": "外周血白细胞>50×109/L", "D": "外周血嗜碱性嗜酸粒细胞增高"}, "answer": "外周血出现幼稚细胞,NAP活性增高", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胆固醇合成的主要场所是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小肠", "B": "肝", "C": "脑", "D": "胆"}, "answer": "肝", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪一种物质是刺激胃酸分泌的内源性物质?(  )", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素", "B": "生长抑素", "C": "组胺", "D": "前列腺素E2"}, "answer": "组胺", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在下列各项中,能反映医学本质特征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人才", "B": "技术", "C": "管理", "D": "道德"}, "answer": "道德", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,40岁,体重60kg,因食管癌进食困难1个月余,主诉:乏力、极度口渴、尿少而色深。体检:血压、体温均正常,眼窝凹陷,唇、舌干燥,皮肤弹性差。辅助检查:血红蛋白102g/L,血浆清蛋白30g/L,血清钠164mmol/L,钾3.1mmol/L。1.该病人诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "轻度高渗性脱水", "B": "中度高渗性脱水", "C": "等渗性脱水", "D": "低渗性脱水"}, "answer": "中度高渗性脱水", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "COPD慢性肺源性心脏病患者发生Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭时,下列治疗措施中不恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "无创通气", "B": "持续高浓度吸氧", "C": "静脉点滴糖皮质激素", "D": "雾化吸入支气管舒张剂"}, "answer": "持续高浓度吸氧", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.下肢深静脉内延续性血栓的头部(  )。", "options": {"A": "透明血栓", "B": "白色血栓", "C": "混合性血栓", "D": "红色血栓"}, "answer": "白色血栓", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "外伤失血病人造成低血容量性休克合并少尿时应首先选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "低分子右旋糖酐", "B": "中分子右旋糖酐", "C": "高分子右旋糖酐", "D": "呋塞米"}, "answer": "低分子右旋糖酐", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "狭窄性腱鞘炎最常发生的部位在(  )。", "options": {"A": "手与腕部", "B": "肘部", "C": "肩部", "D": "踝部"}, "answer": "手与腕部", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "婴幼儿少尿的标准是昼夜尿量少于(  )。", "options": {"A": "200ml", "B": "300ml", "C": "400ml", "D": "500ml"}, "answer": "200ml", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "14岁女性,中学生,外出旅游,夜间出室外解便时突感恐惧紧张,跑步回室途中,不慎跌倒,双手着地。站立起来时,发现双目失明。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "恐怖性神经症", "B": "疑病性神经症", "C": "癔症", "D": "双目外伤失明"}, "answer": "癔症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "鉴别中枢性与周围性瘫痪最有意义的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有无肌肉萎缩", "B": "瘫痪程度分级及范围大小", "C": "肌张力增高或减低", "D": "有无病理反射"}, "answer": "有无病理反射", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪种幻觉形式为临床最常见?(  )", "options": {"A": "幻听", "B": "幻嗅", "C": "幻味", "D": "内脏幻觉"}, "answer": "幻听", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列表现属于Ⅱ/乙切口的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "清洁切口/愈合处有炎症,但未化脓", "B": "可能污染切口/愈合处有炎症,但未化脓", "C": "可能污染切口/愈合良好,无不良反应", "D": "污染切口/切口已化脓,需切开引流"}, "answer": "可能污染切口/愈合处有炎症,但未化脓", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "婴幼儿哮喘,计分方法中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "喘息发作≥3次,3分", "B": "喘息症状突然发作,1分", "C": "肺部出现喘鸣音,1分", "D": "有其他特异性病史,1分"}, "answer": "肺部出现喘鸣音,1分", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性患者,38岁。月经量增多一年,但月经周期尚规律。妇科检查,子宫体积增大,如孕两个月大。B超检查,于子宫左后壁、右前壁可见多个不均匀回声区。患者最可能发生了(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫体癌", "B": "子宫功能性出血", "C": "子宫平滑肌瘤", "D": "子宫纤维瘤"}, "answer": "子宫平滑肌瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在暴发型流脑休克型的治疗中,经充分扩容、纠酸治疗无效时,血管活性药物可首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "间羟胺", "B": "山莨菪碱", "C": "苄胺唑啉", "D": "异丙基肾上腺素"}, "answer": "山莨菪碱", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)主要感染的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单核巨噬细胞", "B": "CD4+T淋巴细胞", "C": "CD8+T淋巴细胞", "D": "小神经淋巴胶质细胞"}, "answer": "CD4+T淋巴细胞", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.细菌DNA直接进入受体菌称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "转化", "B": "转导", "C": "接合", "D": "原生质体融合"}, "answer": "转化", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,7岁,3周前曾患上呼吸道感染,3日来眼睑浮肿,尿少,有肉眼血尿。查体:咽部不充血,眼睑浮肿,血压150/,110mmHg。尿蛋白(+++),有大量红细胞,抗“O”500U,CH50、补体C减少。诊断为急性肾炎,给予利尿、降压治疗,同时给予青霉素治疗。1.应用青霉素的疗程是(  )。", "options": {"A": "5~7天", "B": "7~10天", "C": "10~14天", "D": "14~2l天"}, "answer": "7~10天", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "鉴别非典型苯丙酮尿症,须进行(  )。", "options": {"A": "Guthrie细菌生长抑制试验", "B": "尿蝶呤分析", "C": "尿有机酸分析", "D": "尿2,4-二硝基苯肼试验"}, "answer": "尿蝶呤分析", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医务人员以一定的医德观念为基础,在调整个人与患者、社会之间的利益关系中所形成或达到的觉悟水平和道德情操。这属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "医德评价", "B": "医德教育", "C": "医德行为", "D": "医德境界"}, "answer": "医德境界", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.决定Ig型和亚型的部岔(  )。", "options": {"A": "VL+VH", "B": "铰链区", "C": "CH", "D": "CL"}, "answer": "CL", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "焦虑症不应出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "紧张", "B": "恐惧", "C": "幻听", "D": "自主神经系统症状"}, "answer": "幻听", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "由于眼外伤,眼球球体受到严重破坏,可能发生交感性眼炎,是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "隐蔽Ag的释放", "B": "多克隆刺激", "C": "自身抗原发生改变", "D": "自身反应性淋巴细胞克隆再现"}, "answer": "隐蔽Ag的释放", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,26岁,发冷、发热,轻度黄疸,脾肋下2cm,血红蛋白76g/L,白细胞12×109/L,血小板150×109/L,Coombs试验直接阳性,Ham试验阴性,诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "阵发性寒冷性血红蛋白尿", "B": "阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿", "C": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血", "D": "肝炎后合并继发性贫血"}, "answer": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某幼儿园发现一麻疹患儿。为了控制麻疹进一步蔓延,不应采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "暂不接受其他易感儿入托", "B": "整个幼儿园中小儿每天口服利巴韦林(三氮唑核苷)", "C": "体弱多病的易感儿应立即肌内注射丙种球蛋白", "D": "体健易感儿接触后2d内应急接种麻疹疫苗"}, "answer": "整个幼儿园中小儿每天口服利巴韦林(三氮唑核苷)", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一男性,某省厅干部,平时不嗜烟酒,生活规律;但性情急躁,易激动,工作认真,争强好胜,雄心勃勃。1年前单位减员时调入某厂工作,常因小事上火,发脾气。3日前因心绞痛入院,诊断为冠心病。2.哪项为发病的明显原因?(  )", "options": {"A": "化学性因素", "B": "物理性因素", "C": "生物性因素", "D": "心理社会因素"}, "answer": "心理社会因素", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于支气管哮喘的药物治疗,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "规律联合使用吸入糖皮质激素+长效β2受体激动剂", "B": "规律长效β2受体激动剂单药治疗", "C": "按需使用短效β2受体激动剂", "D": "规律使用白三烯调节剂"}, "answer": "规律长效β2受体激动剂单药治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.慢性病性贫血(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清铁增高,总铁结合力正常,血清铁蛋白正常或增高", "B": "血清铁降低,总铁结合力降低,血清铁蛋白增高", "C": "血清铁降低,总铁结合力降低,血清铁蛋白降低", "D": "血清铁增高,总铁结合力降低,血清铁蛋白降低"}, "answer": "血清铁降低,总铁结合力降低,血清铁蛋白增高", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,78岁,既往患冠心病30余年,因寒战、高热、大汗,在当地医院诊断疟疾,下述哪一种药慎用?(  )", "options": {"A": "氯喹", "B": "磺胺类", "C": "伯氨喹", "D": "青霉素"}, "answer": "氯喹", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,36岁。呼吸困难伴声嘶2个月。活动后明显,无慢性咳嗽、咳痰和关节疼痛病史。查体:口唇发绀,颈静脉充盈,肝颈静脉回流征阳性,P2亢进,三尖瓣区可闻及3/6级收缩期杂音,双下肢水肿。其最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "特发性肺动脉高压", "B": "风湿性心脏瓣膜病", "C": "房间隔缺损", "D": "窒间隔缺损"}, "answer": "特发性肺动脉高压", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.用于急性细菌性心内膜炎的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素+链霉素", "B": "羧苄西林+庆大霉素", "C": "青霉素G+磺胺嘧啶", "D": "异烟肼+链霉素"}, "answer": "青霉素+链霉素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "抢救颅内血肿病人,最根本的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "气管切开,减轻脑水肿", "B": "清除血肿", "C": "人工冬眠及物理降温", "D": "去骨瓣减压"}, "answer": "清除血肿", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.类风湿性关节炎病变始于(  )。", "options": {"A": "滑膜", "B": "肌肉肌腱", "C": "软骨", "D": "骨"}, "answer": "滑膜", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项可用抗甲状腺药物治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "妊娠早期甲亢", "B": "原发甲亢基础代谢率为+20%~+30%", "C": "抗甲状腺药物过敏", "D": "胸骨后甲状腺肿并发甲亢"}, "answer": "原发甲亢基础代谢率为+20%~+30%", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "26岁经产妇,停经8周,下腹阵发性剧烈疼痛10h伴多量阴道出血,超过月经量,检查宫口开大近2cm。本例最恰当的处置应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服硫酸沙丁胺醇", "B": "肌内注射硫酸镁", "C": "肌内注射黄体酮", "D": "行负压吸宫术"}, "answer": "行负压吸宫术", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "人感染HIV后,在5~10年内,可以不发病,这从病毒方面主要取决于(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒在细胞内呈潜伏状态", "B": "病毒毒力较弱", "C": "人体免疫功能尚未被完全破坏", "D": "病毒变异"}, "answer": "病毒在细胞内呈潜伏状态", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "再次应答中最重要的APC是(  )。", "options": {"A": "DC", "B": "Mφ", "C": "记忆性B细胞", "D": "记忆性T细胞"}, "answer": "记忆性B细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对严重浸润性突眼的甲亢病人治疗可用(  )。", "options": {"A": "131I治疗", "B": "复方碘溶液", "C": "抗甲状腺药物+糖皮质激素+甲状腺片", "D": "抗甲状腺药物治疗"}, "answer": "抗甲状腺药物+糖皮质激素+甲状腺片", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是在组织中主要的APC?(  )", "options": {"A": "朗格汉斯细胞", "B": "B细胞", "C": "并指状细胞", "D": "Mφ"}, "answer": "Mφ", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.G+菌细胞壁含有(  )。", "options": {"A": "异染颗粒", "B": "脂多糖", "C": "磷壁酸", "D": "中介体"}, "answer": "磷壁酸", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是甲氧苄啶与磺胺甲唑组成复方新诺明的理论基础?(  )", "options": {"A": "促进分布", "B": "促进吸收", "C": "减慢排泄", "D": "两药的药代动力学相似,发挥协同抗菌作用"}, "answer": "两药的药代动力学相似,发挥协同抗菌作用", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性胃炎HP阳性推崇的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "铋剂+两种抗生素", "B": "铋剂+西沙必利", "C": "铋剂+硫糖铝", "D": "铋剂+蛋白酶+西沙比利"}, "answer": "铋剂+两种抗生素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者女性,64岁。发现右乳房肿块6个月,不伴疼痛。体检:双侧乳房乳头对称,乳头无凹陷,皮肤无橘皮样改变,右乳外上象限可触及一3cm×3cm×3.5cm大肿块,质硬,表面不光滑,固定。右腋窝可触及肿大的淋巴结并与周围组织粘连。初步诊断为乳腺癌。2.首选的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺癌改良根治术", "B": "乳腺癌扩大根治术", "C": "保留乳房的乳腺癌切除术", "D": "肿块切除加快速病理检查"}, "answer": "肿块切除加快速病理检查", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于出血热病毒的特性,哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "为有包膜的DNA病毒", "B": "病后可获得牢固的免疫力", "C": "黑线姬鼠为主要传染源", "D": "可使用灭活疫苗进行预防"}, "answer": "为有包膜的DNA病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "胃十二指肠溃疡外科手术的绝对适应证是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溃疡病穿孔", "B": "应激性溃疡", "C": "瘢痕性幽门梗阻", "D": "胃后壁溃疡"}, "answer": "瘢痕性幽门梗阻", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "正确处理医务人员之间关系的意义不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "有利于医学事业发展", "B": "有利于集体力量的发挥", "C": "有利于医务人员成才", "D": "有利于医院经济收入的提高"}, "answer": "有利于医院经济收入的提高", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医师在执业活动中违反技术操作规范,造成严重后果的,给予警告或者责令暂停执业活动多长时间(  )。", "options": {"A": "6个月至1.5年", "B": "6个月至1年", "C": "3~6个月", "D": "1~1.5年"}, "answer": "6个月至1年", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "发生子痫前期的高危因素不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "双胎妊娠", "B": "糖尿病", "C": "羊水过多", "D": "前置胎盘"}, "answer": "前置胎盘", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "人群健康策略强调的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "重点人群的健康影响因素", "B": "除患者外的人群的健康", "C": "高危个体的危险因素", "D": "关注全体人群的健康"}, "answer": "关注全体人群的健康", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "用阿托品阻断M受体可致(  )。", "options": {"A": "唾液分泌增多", "B": "胰液分泌增多", "C": "吞咽困难", "D": "胃肠运动减弱"}, "answer": "胃肠运动减弱", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿体重在1岁至12岁时每年增长约(  )。", "options": {"A": "1kg", "B": "2kg", "C": "6kg", "D": "8kg"}, "answer": "2kg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胫骨易发生骨折的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上端干骺端部位", "B": "中上1/3处", "C": "胫骨中段", "D": "中下1/3处"}, "answer": "中下1/3处", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对功能减退性内分泌疾病应首选下列哪一种治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "对症治疗", "B": "替代治疗", "C": "病因治疗", "D": "支持治疗"}, "answer": "替代治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "最常见的继发性闭经的类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫性闭经", "B": "卵巢性闭经", "C": "下丘脑性闭经", "D": "原发性闭经"}, "answer": "下丘脑性闭经", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,24岁,因发热2周伴咳嗽、纳差,用青霉素及卡那霉素治疗1周无效于8月20来诊。查T 39.6℃,P 88次/分,面色苍白,清,两肺散在湿性啰音,腹胀,脾侧及。WBC 4.0X109/L,N 76%,M 8%,L 16%。3.本病病原治疗应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素", "B": "环丙沙星", "C": "先锋V", "D": "四环素"}, "answer": "环丙沙星", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "很少引起AIDS患者机会性感染的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "EB病毒", "B": "新型隐球菌", "C": "卡氏肺孢子菌", "D": "巨细胞病毒"}, "answer": "EB病毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肝癌一般不转移到哪个部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "腹膜", "B": "脾", "C": "肺", "D": "脑"}, "answer": "脾", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,14岁。因发热伴剧烈头痛、频繁呕吐,抽搐2天,于8月10日来诊。家中住平房,蚊子多,周围有类似患者。查体:T 39.8℃,P 120次/分,BP 150/90mmHg,神志不清,皮肤无皮疹,瞳孔等大等圆,对光反射存在,颈抵抗,Kernig征及Babinski征(+)。实验室检查:血WBC 15×109/L,N 0.75。CSF检查:压力230mmH2O,外观清亮,有核细胞数200×109/L,单核细胞0.9,蛋白轻度升高,糖、氯化物正常。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "流行性乙型脑炎", "B": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "C": "钩端螺旋体病", "D": "结核性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "流行性乙型脑炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "法洛四联症最早且主要的表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蹲踞", "B": "发绀", "C": "突然晕厥", "D": "活动耐力下降"}, "answer": "发绀", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,45岁。发热3天,少尿1天,于12月15日入院。查体:BP 60/30mmHg,神志清,球结膜充血、水肿,双下肢有出血点。实验室检查:血WBC 25×109/L。PLT 50×109/L,尿蛋白(+++)。2.为明确诊断应进行的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肥达-外斐反应", "B": "血清汉坦病毒特异性抗体检测", "C": "尿培养", "D": "钩端螺旋体显微凝集检测"}, "answer": "血清汉坦病毒特异性抗体检测", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新生儿出生3天后出现黄疸者,下述哪一项不可能?(  )", "options": {"A": "败血症", "B": "胆道闭锁", "C": "母乳性黄疸", "D": "新生儿溶血病"}, "answer": "新生儿溶血病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "人和哺乳动物的心室肌细胞静息电位为(  )。", "options": {"A": "-70mV", "B": "-50mV", "C": "-90mV", "D": "-60mV"}, "answer": "-90mV", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,75岁。痰中带血1个月余。吸烟10年,50支/天。胸部X线片:右肺门肿块伴右上肺不张,支气管镜见右上肺开口内新生物。1.初步诊断首先考虑的肺癌类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "弥漫型", "B": "结节型", "C": "中心型", "D": "浸润型"}, "answer": "中心型", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在下列各项中,医师可以行使特殊的干涉权的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对需要隔离的传染病患者拒绝隔离的", "B": "在教学医院内住院的患者拒绝接受医学生实习", "C": "在有科研任务的医院内住院的患者拒绝作为受试者", "D": "门诊就医的患者拒绝按医师开出的特殊检查项目进行检查"}, "answer": "对需要隔离的传染病患者拒绝隔离的", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,68岁,因脑梗塞住院半月,近一周出现高热咳嗽,咳血痰,查体:T 39.2℃,意识模糊,呼吸急促,口唇发绀,双肺散在湿啰音,血常规WBC 20.2×109/L,N 0.92。胸片:右肺大片状阴影,其中可见多个气囊腔,该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "B": "肺炎链球菌肺炎", "C": "肺炎支原体肺炎", "D": "病毒性肺炎"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "农业生产中主要职业危害不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "矽尘引起的肺部疾患", "B": "谷物粉尘引起的肺部疾患", "C": "农药中毒", "D": "窑内气体中毒"}, "answer": "矽尘引起的肺部疾患", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不同年龄脊髓下端的位置与椎体的关系,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎儿时,脊髓下端位于第四腰椎", "B": "4岁时,脊髓下端位于第一腰椎", "C": "10岁时,脊髓下端位于第一腰椎", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "4岁时,脊髓下端位于第一腰椎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "心排血量的定义是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心房进入心室的血量", "B": "每分钟左心室所泵出的血量", "C": "心脏每搏动一次所泵出的血量", "D": "每分钟两心房进入心室的血量"}, "answer": "每分钟左心室所泵出的血量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性肾小球肾炎患者在病程早期突然出现惊厥,可能性最大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高热惊厥", "B": "低钙惊厥", "C": "低钠血症", "D": "高血压脑病"}, "answer": "高血压脑病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项不是稳定型心绞痛患者发作时的典型体征表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "血压下降", "B": "心率加快", "C": "第二心音逆分裂", "D": "出现第四心音奔马律"}, "answer": "血压下降", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "胃窦部溃疡的最佳手术方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃大部切除胃十二指肠吻合术", "B": "胃大部切除胃空肠吻合术", "C": "高选择性迷走神经切断术", "D": "胃窦切除、选择性迷走神经切断术"}, "answer": "胃大部切除胃十二指肠吻合术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.以上属三羧酸循环中的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶", "B": "苹果酸脱氢酶", "C": "丙酮酸脱氢酶", "D": "NADH脱氢酶"}, "answer": "苹果酸脱氢酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于医学实践与医学伦理学的关系,下列说法中错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医学实践是医学伦理学的理论指导", "B": "医学实践是医学伦理学的动力", "C": "医学实践是医学伦理学的目的", "D": "医学实践是医学伦理学的唯一标准"}, "answer": "医学实践是医学伦理学的理论指导", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是tRNA分子上3′端序列的功能?(  )", "options": {"A": "剪接修饰作用", "B": "辨认与核糖体结合的组分", "C": "提供-OH基与糖类结合", "D": "提供-OH基与氨基酸结合"}, "answer": "提供-OH基与氨基酸结合", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男婴,4个月,反复发作性吸气性呼吸困难伴吸气时喉鸣,口唇青紫三次,无发热,发作间隔一般情况良好,枕部指压有乒乓球样感,肺、心未见异常。2.首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血气分析", "B": "血电解质", "C": "咽拭子培养", "D": "胸部X线片"}, "answer": "血电解质", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "最易受不良因素影响而发生流产死胎的胎龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "6周", "B": "20周", "C": "24周", "D": "28周"}, "answer": "20周", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,45岁,甲亢,131I治疗后出现下述症状,其中哪一种不是131I治疗的并发症(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺肿大更加明显", "B": "浮肿", "C": "打鼾,嗜睡", "D": "突眼加重"}, "answer": "甲状腺肿大更加明显", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有一名6岁男孩,3天前右额碰在桌子角上,当时能哭,现右额颞部头皮隆起,局部触之有12cm×12cm波动区,无神经系统定位症状,头颅CT片示右额颞头皮肿胀。2.处置应该是(  )。", "options": {"A": "加压包扎", "B": "理疗,促其吸收", "C": "穿刺抽血+加压包扎", "D": "切开引流+加压包扎"}, "answer": "穿刺抽血+加压包扎", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性病人,29岁,近两年来,对工作失去兴趣,时常无故旷工,家庭责任心减退,对家人态度冷漠,生活懒散,整日无所事事,以上表现属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "情感低落", "B": "情感冷漠", "C": "思维贫乏", "D": "刚塞综合征"}, "answer": "情感冷漠", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "膀胱结石直径2cm,尿检白细胞1~3个/HP。最佳治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膀胱镜碎石", "B": "留置导尿消炎后,膀胱切开取石", "C": "体外震波碎石", "D": "药物排石"}, "answer": "膀胱镜碎石", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.所表达蛋白质抗原目前可用于诊断试剂的基因区是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)基因组5′端非编码区", "B": "HCV基因组C区和E1区", "C": "HCV基因组NS2、NS3、NS4和NS5区", "D": "HCV基因组3′端非编码区"}, "answer": "HCV基因组NS2、NS3、NS4和NS5区", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为医德理论修养直接解决的矛盾?(  )", "options": {"A": "对医德善恶由不知到知,由知之不多到知之较多", "B": "有没有克服困难的医德意志", "C": "有没有坚定的医德信念", "D": "是否情愿去做合乎医德要求的事"}, "answer": "对医德善恶由不知到知,由知之不多到知之较多", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,38岁,左小腿上段窦道反复流脓,有时排出碎骨块9年,近半月发热,窦道周围红肿、流脓。X线片示胫骨上段增粗见死骨块,周围有新生骨,目前最佳治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "穿刺抽脓,药物注入", "B": "病灶清除加植骨", "C": "抗生素加局部切开引流", "D": "死骨摘除术"}, "answer": "抗生素加局部切开引流", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "月经来潮的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血中雌激素水平降低,孕激素水平升高", "B": "血中雌激素水平降低,孕激素水平不变", "C": "血中雌激素水平降低,孕激素水平降低", "D": "血中雌激素水平和孕激素水平都不变"}, "answer": "血中雌激素水平降低,孕激素水平降低", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "甲状腺激素不具有哪一项药理作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "增强心脏对儿茶酚胺的敏感性", "B": "维持生长发育", "C": "维持血液系统功能正常", "D": "维持神经系统功能发育"}, "answer": "维持血液系统功能正常", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "5.以温和噬菌体为载体、受体菌获供体菌遗传物质而获得新的性状称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "转化", "B": "转导", "C": "接合", "D": "原生质体融合"}, "answer": "转导", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.特异投射系统第三级神经元就在(  )。", "options": {"A": "丘脑的感觉接替核", "B": "丘脑的髓板内核群", "C": "中脑", "D": "延髓"}, "answer": "丘脑的感觉接替核", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,40岁,2年来出现劳累性胸痛伴头晕、心悸,含硝酸甘油无效,休息可缓解。查体:血压160/95rnmHg,心界不大,心率80次/min,律整,心脏轻度增大,胸骨左缘3~4肋间有收缩期喷射性杂音,双肺呼吸音清,腹平软。超声心动图检查示:左室腔正常,室间隔厚1.5cm,左室后壁厚1.0cm,二尖瓣前叶在收缩中期有前向移动(SAM征)与室间隔接触,流出道20mm。3.该病例可能的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "自身免疫障碍", "B": "营养不良因素", "C": "常染色体显性遗传病", "D": "动脉粥样硬化"}, "answer": "常染色体显性遗传病", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "骨巨细胞瘤X线表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "偏心性,位于骨端,溶骨性破坏", "B": "外生性,可见明显破坏", "C": "骨破坏,可见CoDman三角", "D": "骨性破坏,可见片状钙化"}, "answer": "偏心性,位于骨端,溶骨性破坏", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "初孕妇,25岁。妊娠38周。骨盆外测量:骶耻外径18.5cm,髂嵴间径27cm,坐骨结节间径7.5cm。本例孕妇的骨盆应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯扁平骨盆", "B": "佝偻病性扁平骨盆", "C": "漏斗型骨盆", "D": "男型骨盆"}, "answer": "漏斗型骨盆", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "造成阑尾管腔阻塞从而诱发急性阑尾炎的最常见原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阑尾肿瘤压迫", "B": "阑尾壁淋巴滤泡增生", "C": "蛔虫进入阑尾管腔", "D": "粪石阻塞管腔"}, "answer": "阑尾壁淋巴滤泡增生", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不属于体内甘油脂类正常生理功能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "保持体温", "B": "传递电子", "C": "构成生物膜", "D": "参与信息传递"}, "answer": "传递电子", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,25岁。发现心悸、盗汗、易怒1年,伴有饮食量增加、消瘦。查体:BP 110/80mmHg,重度突眼,甲状腺弥漫性肿大,深入胸骨后上纵隔内,心率116次/分。测血T3、T4值高于参考值上限一倍。3.该患者术前最适合的药物准备是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙硫氧嘧啶", "B": "碘剂", "C": "抗甲状腺药+碘剂", "D": "抗甲状腺药+普萘洛尔"}, "answer": "抗甲状腺药+碘剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "艾森克认为人格有哪几个维度?(  )", "options": {"A": "气质性维度、内外向维度与稳定性维度", "B": "情绪性维度、内外向维度和精神质维度", "C": "情绪性维度、气质性维度和稳定性维度", "D": "理智性维度、情绪性维度和意志性维度"}, "answer": "情绪性维度、内外向维度和精神质维度", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某患者,发热39℃,脾肝肿大,颈部淋巴结可触及,血液WBC增多,异型淋巴细胞可检出。印象诊断是传染性单核细胞增多症,引起该病的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙型肝炎病毒", "B": "风疹病毒", "C": "巨细胞病毒", "D": "EB病毒"}, "answer": "EB病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有关病毒标本的采集和运送,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发病早期或急性期采集标本", "B": "发病晚期采集标本", "C": "标本采集后应立即送实验室检查", "D": "运输培养基中应含有抗生素"}, "answer": "发病晚期采集标本", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "乳牙开始萌出的月龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "4~10个月", "B": "10~12个月", "C": "12~15个月", "D": "15~18个月"}, "answer": "4~10个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.思维奔逸(  )。", "options": {"A": "是慢性精神分裂症的常见症状", "B": "是躁狂症的常见症状", "C": "是抑郁症的常见症状", "D": "是神经衰弱的常见症状"}, "answer": "是躁狂症的常见症状", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "伤寒病人进行粪便培养致病菌的最佳时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "潜伏期末", "B": "发病5~10天", "C": "发病2~3周", "D": "发病4周后"}, "answer": "发病2~3周", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "绒毛膜癌与侵蚀性葡萄胎主要的鉴别依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿HCG阳性", "B": "病理检查无绒毛结构", "C": "有卵巢黄素化囊肿", "D": "胸部X线片有棉团状阴影"}, "answer": "病理检查无绒毛结构", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肠结核溃疡的肉眼形态是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口小底大烧瓶状", "B": "不规则地图状", "C": "呈带状,其长轴与肠长轴垂直", "D": "火山喷口状"}, "answer": "呈带状,其长轴与肠长轴垂直", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.医疗机构对医师提出警告并限制其特殊使用级抗菌药物处方权的情形是(  )。", "options": {"A": "开具抗菌药物处方牟取不正当利益", "B": "出现开具抗菌药物超常处方3次以上且无正当理由", "C": "因紧急情况越级使用抗菌药物", "D": "使用的抗菌药物明显超出规定用量"}, "answer": "出现开具抗菌药物超常处方3次以上且无正当理由", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "降低颅内压增高的最有效易行的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "施行人工冬眠物理降温", "B": "腰穿大量引流脑脊液", "C": "使用脱水剂或利尿剂", "D": "将病员置于高压氧仓内"}, "answer": "使用脱水剂或利尿剂", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述均为肾损伤手术探查的适应证,哪项除外?(  )", "options": {"A": "开放性肾损伤", "B": "同时合并腹腔脏器损伤", "C": "腰、腹部肿块增大,局部症状明显", "D": "全程肉眼血尿"}, "answer": "全程肉眼血尿", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "为明确诊断应做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓涂片细胞学检查", "B": "骨髓扫描", "C": "淋巴结活检", "D": "血小板抗体"}, "answer": "骨髓涂片细胞学检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列因素有利于创伤修复和伤口愈合的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血流循环障碍", "B": "异物存留", "C": "局部制动", "D": "服用皮质激素类药物"}, "answer": "局部制动", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,53岁。右季肋部胀痛1月余。查体:无黄疸,肝肋缘下3cm,质硬,无腹水征。B超示肝右叶低回声病灶,约11cm×10cm,肝左叶见多个小低回声区。AFP>1000μg/L。最佳的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗感染治疗", "B": "肝动脉插管栓塞化疗", "C": "剖腹探查", "D": "中草药治疗"}, "answer": "肝动脉插管栓塞化疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肾小球滤过率是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一个肾生成的原尿量", "B": "两个肾生成的原尿量", "C": "两个肾生成的终尿量", "D": "一个肾生成的终尿量"}, "answer": "两个肾生成的原尿量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初产妇,25岁,因第二产程延长,行产钳助产,产后阴道流血约800ml,诊断为子宫收缩乏力所致,其主要临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎盘娩出后出血无血块", "B": "胎盘未娩时出血不止", "C": "胎儿娩出后立即流血不止", "D": "胎盘娩出后阵发性出血时多时少"}, "answer": "胎盘娩出后阵发性出血时多时少", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,46岁,因甲状腺功能亢进行甲状腺大部切除术,手术经过顺利,术后第二天,患者诉口唇周围及双手阵发性针刺感。3.预防此种并发症的关键是(  )。", "options": {"A": "充分术前准备,控制基础代谢率在正常范围", "B": "必须保存两叶腺体背面部分", "C": "结扎甲状腺下动脉要靠近颈总动脉", "D": "术中尽量保存甲状腺组织"}, "answer": "必须保存两叶腺体背面部分", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列细胞因子中,与慢性阻塞肺疾病慢性气道炎症发病关系最密切的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IL-10", "B": "IL-5", "C": "IL-8", "D": "IL-13"}, "answer": "IL-8", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.患儿,7个月,发热4天,体温最高为39℃。当地医院诊断为“上呼吸道感染”,静脉滴注3天头孢唑啉及利巴韦林,今晨热退,但见面、颈及躯干皮肤有红色斑丘疹(  )。", "options": {"A": "风疹", "B": "幼儿急疹", "C": "猩红热", "D": "荨麻疹"}, "answer": "幼儿急疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于精神分裂症的维持治疗正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "第一次发作维持治疗l~2年", "B": "经典抗精神药物维持治疗量应为急性期治疗量的1/3左右", "C": "非经典抗精神病药物维持治疗量即急性期治疗量", "D": "维持治疗期,不宜单一用药"}, "answer": "第一次发作维持治疗l~2年", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项不符合大叶性肺炎?(  )", "options": {"A": "多由肺炎双球菌引起", "B": "属浆液性炎", "C": "可继发肺脓肿", "D": "肺泡炎症为主"}, "answer": "属浆液性炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肠梗阻患者保守治疗期间,病情进展需手术的最主要指征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠鸣音减弱或消失", "B": "腹痛加重", "C": "腹膜刺激征加重", "D": "腹胀程度加重"}, "answer": "腹膜刺激征加重", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,47岁。因电击伤致心脏骤停,经初级复苏后转入病房,首选应检查(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑功能", "B": "肾功能", "C": "循环功能", "D": "呼吸功能"}, "answer": "循环功能", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "婴儿细菌性肺炎中,哪种病原菌易引起肺部并发症?(  )", "options": {"A": "流感杆菌", "B": "肺炎球菌", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "D": "链球菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿10个月,近一周来抽搐发作4次,父母为近亲婚配。查体:智力发育差,皮肤白,毛发黄,可闻及鼠尿味,脑电图可见痫样放电。2.确诊的检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "血浆游离氨基酸分析", "B": "血清T3、T4检查", "C": "血电解质检查", "D": "颅脑影像学检查"}, "answer": "血浆游离氨基酸分析", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "滴虫性阴道炎的主要传播方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "经血液传播", "B": "经消化道传播", "C": "性生活直接传播", "D": "经呼吸道传播"}, "answer": "性生活直接传播", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,26岁,2年前曾患葡萄胎。阴道不规则流血个月,尿液hCG检查阳性;胸部X线检查发现多个棉团状阴影;妇科超声检查显示子宫肌层内有边界不清的不均质回音区域,血流丰富。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "浸润性葡萄胎", "B": "葡萄胎残留", "C": "绒毛膜癌", "D": "上皮样滋养细胞肿瘤"}, "answer": "绒毛膜癌", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列胸腔积液类型中,主要发病机制为淋巴管阻塞所致的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结缔组织病所致胸腔积液", "B": "恶性胸腔积液", "C": "类肺炎性胸腔积液", "D": "结核性胸膜炎"}, "answer": "恶性胸腔积液", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "体重60公斤的正常人,其血量约为(  )。", "options": {"A": "3L", "B": "4.8L", "C": "5.2L", "D": "6.8L"}, "answer": "4.8L", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5岁男孩。右侧阴囊包块,卧位不消失,右睾丸未扪及,透光试验阳性,正确诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右侧斜疝", "B": "交通性鞘膜积液", "C": "右睾丸鞘膜积液", "D": "右侧隐睾"}, "answer": "右睾丸鞘膜积液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.C3降低于6~8周恢复(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性链球菌感染后肾炎", "B": "急进性肾炎", "C": "IgA肾病", "D": "慢性肾炎"}, "answer": "急性链球菌感染后肾炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,25岁。右侧阴囊增大不适半年。检查肿块约2.0cm×2.5cm大小,有囊性感,无压痛。平卧位不消失,透光试验阳性。双侧睾丸、附睾可清楚触及,大小位置正常。应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "睾丸鞘膜积液", "B": "睾丸肿瘤", "C": "腹股沟疝", "D": "精索鞘膜积液"}, "answer": "精索鞘膜积液", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.无并发症的老年单纯收缩期高血压患者首选的降压药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "钙通道阻滞剂", "B": "中枢交感神经抑制剂", "C": "β受体阻滞剂", "D": "血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻滞剂"}, "answer": "钙通道阻滞剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "胰岛素瘤的诊断具有决定意义的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发作时血糖低于2.8mmol/L", "B": "供糖后低血糖症状迅速缓解", "C": "胰岛素/血糖比值升高", "D": "空腹胰岛素水平升高"}, "answer": "胰岛素/血糖比值升高", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "降钙素的主要作用是降低血钙和血磷,其主要靶器官是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状旁腺", "B": "胃肠道", "C": "骨", "D": "肾"}, "answer": "骨", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心迷走神经末梢释放的递质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素", "B": "乙酰胆碱", "C": "组胺", "D": "谷氨酸"}, "answer": "乙酰胆碱", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新生儿硬肿症,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多发生在寒冷季节", "B": "早产儿多见", "C": "常伴有低体温", "D": "重症患儿立即快速复温"}, "answer": "重症患儿立即快速复温", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "单纯性鞘膜积液最可靠的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阴囊肿大表面光滑", "B": "阴囊肿块有波动感", "C": "透光试验阳性", "D": "右侧阴囊无睾丸"}, "answer": "透光试验阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "健康育龄妇女出现恶心、食欲减退等消化道症状,问诊时不应忽视的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃炎病史", "B": "传染病史", "C": "不洁饮食史", "D": "月经史"}, "answer": "月经史", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对肺泡气分压变化起缓冲作用的肺容量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "补吸气量", "B": "补呼气量", "C": "深吸气量", "D": "功能余气量"}, "answer": "功能余气量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心理治疗和心理咨询本质上是相同的,但也有下述差别,但应除外(  )。", "options": {"A": "对象和情境不同", "B": "工作时间长短不同", "C": "工作任务不同", "D": "解决问题的性质和内容不同"}, "answer": "工作时间长短不同", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有一名30岁男性患者,病程4个月,头痛发作入院。入院前出现左侧肢体无力和呕吐。入院查体:意识清,眼底视乳头水肿,左上下肢肌力Ⅳ级,腱反射活跃,病理征(+)。1.诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑出血", "B": "脑梗死", "C": "脑水肿", "D": "颅内压增高"}, "answer": "颅内压增高", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "建议在妊娠12周前行人工流产的心脏病的类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "二尖瓣狭窄人工球囊扩张术后", "B": "二尖瓣关闭不全", "C": "轻度室间隔缺损", "D": "二尖瓣狭窄伴肺动脉高压"}, "answer": "二尖瓣狭窄伴肺动脉高压", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "产生错觉的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "环境因素", "B": "心理因素", "C": "意识状态", "D": "以上均是"}, "answer": "以上均是", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "进行DNA复制实验时,保留全部DNA复制体系成分,但以DNA聚合酶Ⅱ代替DNA连接酶,试分析可能会出现什么后果?(  )", "options": {"A": "DNA被分解成无数片段", "B": "无RNA引物,复制无法进行", "C": "随从链的复制无法完成", "D": "冈崎片段生成过量"}, "answer": "随从链的复制无法完成", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在治疗过程中,心理治疗师让患者将脑子里想到的东西都说出来,不管有没有价值,然后对患者讲出来的内容进行阐释。1.这种心理治疗技术称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "行为疗法", "B": "精神分析疗法", "C": "支持性心理治疗", "D": "以上都不对"}, "answer": "精神分析疗法", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对胰岛素瘤的诊断具有决定意义的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低血糖症状", "B": "常于空腹时发作", "C": "空腹胰岛素升高", "D": "胰岛素/血糖比值升高"}, "answer": "胰岛素/血糖比值升高", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "疱疹性咽峡炎的病原体为(  )。", "options": {"A": "流感病毒", "B": "副流感病毒", "C": "柯萨奇病毒", "D": "单纯疱疹病毒"}, "answer": "柯萨奇病毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一确诊为髋关节后脱位的患者,在其身上较少出现的合并症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "股神经损伤", "B": "坐骨神经损伤", "C": "髋臼壁骨折", "D": "髋臼后缘骨折"}, "answer": "股神经损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "目前HL的首选治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CHOP方案", "B": "COP方案", "C": "HA方案", "D": "ABVD方案"}, "answer": "ABVD方案", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.促性腺激素释放激素来源于(  )。", "options": {"A": "下丘脑", "B": "腺垂体", "C": "卵巢", "D": "子宫"}, "answer": "下丘脑", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,40岁,反复手关节痛1年,曾诊断为类风湿关节炎,间断使用理疗和非甾体抗炎药,症状有缓解。近1个月来低热,关节痛加重。肘后出现多个皮下结节,检查ESR 40mm/h,心脏彩超发现小量心包积液。考虑为类风湿关节炎活动。2.最适宜的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维持原治疗方案", "B": "加用青霉素", "C": "选用慢作用抗风湿药", "D": "应用皮质激素加慢作用抗风湿药"}, "answer": "应用皮质激素加慢作用抗风湿药", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于自知力的描述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "指患者对自己精神疾病的认识和判断能力", "B": "神经症患者有一定程度的自知力降低", "C": "有无自知力,以及自知力恢复的程度是判断精神障碍患者病情轻重和疾病好转程度的重要指标", "D": "自知力缺乏是精神病性障碍特有的临床表现"}, "answer": "神经症患者有一定程度的自知力降低", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "常见的周围血管征不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "水冲脉", "B": "毛细血管搏动征", "C": "脉压增大", "D": "Duroziez双重杂音"}, "answer": "脉压增大", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某医院年终对全院职工的基本情况做调查了解,其情况如下:死亡一人,医生甲因病休息1年多,医生乙因医院效益不好也在家闲了不满2年,医生丙出去参与经营未从事医疗2年多,医生丁承包医院的第二门诊近3年,其余大多数仍在医院坚持工作。依据执业医师法,下述人员中,属于应当注销注册,收回医师执业证书的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "医生甲", "B": "医生丙", "C": "医生丁", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "医生丙", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "病人角色所具有的特征主要表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "有疾病行为", "B": "治疗行为", "C": "与医疗系统发生关系", "D": "以上都包括"}, "answer": "以上都包括", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对单纯厌食宜选用的精神药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "安定", "B": "舒必利", "C": "卡马西平", "D": "多塞平"}, "answer": "舒必利", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "用活疫苗进行预防接种,可有效控制的病毒性疾病为?(  )", "options": {"A": "艾滋病", "B": "小儿麻痹", "C": "乙型肝炎", "D": "黄热病"}, "answer": "小儿麻痹", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "隐性感染的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可以引起明显的组织损伤", "B": "隐性感染者可将病原体全部清除", "C": "隐性感染者多数变为病原携带者", "D": "隐性感染均可发生特异性免疫反应"}, "answer": "隐性感染均可发生特异性免疫反应", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "13岁女孩右下腹包块3个月,肛诊子宫右侧触及12cm×10cm×8cm囊性肿物,光滑,活动佳,腹部平片右下腹有3个大小不等钙化点,其诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "无性细胞瘤", "B": "良性囊性畸胎瘤", "C": "内胚窦瘤", "D": "胀大的膀胱"}, "answer": "良性囊性畸胎瘤", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病不易发生在哪个选项中?(  )", "options": {"A": "长期奶糕喂养", "B": "患儿偏食", "C": "患儿消化吸收障碍", "D": "单纯母乳或者牛奶喂养"}, "answer": "单纯母乳或者牛奶喂养", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "严重冠状动脉狭窄是指冠脉狭窄程度达(  )。", "options": {"A": "75%以上", "B": "30%以上", "C": "90%以上", "D": "99%以上"}, "answer": "75%以上", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "用于鉴别COPD和支气管哮喘的试验是(  )。", "options": {"A": "过敏原试验", "B": "低氧激发试验", "C": "运动试验", "D": "支气管扩张试验"}, "answer": "支气管扩张试验", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "最近报道一女青年接受X光检查时,对医生让其脱掉上衣不解,甚至认为医生这样做是非常无礼的,有的甚至因此发生纠纷。此案例说明的核心伦理学问题是(  )。", "options": {"A": "患者的思想太封建了", "B": "医生没有任何可指责之处", "C": "应有女护士在旁陪伴", "D": "医生没有完全尽到让患者知情同意的义务"}, "answer": "医生没有完全尽到让患者知情同意的义务", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,50岁。有糖尿病史10年,近日并发肺炎。查:呼吸35次/分,心率105次/分,血压12/8kPa(90/60mmHg)。呼出气体有丙酮味,意识模糊。尿酮呈强阳性,血糖500mg/dl。处置药物应选(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺素", "B": "珠蛋白锌胰岛素", "C": "正规胰岛素", "D": "低精蛋白锌胰岛素"}, "answer": "正规胰岛素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "《突发公共卫生事件应急条例》规定,医疗卫生机构应对传染病做到(  )。", "options": {"A": "早报告,早观察,早治疗,早康复", "B": "早发现,早报告,早隔离,早治疗", "C": "早发现,早报告,早隔离,早康复", "D": "早预防,早发现,早治疗,早康复"}, "answer": "早发现,早报告,早隔离,早治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,27岁,外地打工,近2个月来整日卧床发呆,不愿工作,诉每日脑子里听到一男一女的激烈辩论,其内容都是与他有关的,感到工友们背后取笑他,给他“穿小鞋”,个别工友企图陷害他。体检及神经系统无异常。2.该病人给予氯丙嗪治疗,其适宜的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大剂量冲击治疗", "B": "持续小剂量给药", "C": "配合以其他抗精神病药物", "D": "从小剂量始,渐加大治疗量"}, "answer": "从小剂量始,渐加大治疗量", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "枕先露时胎儿窘迫的诊断依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "破膜后羊水Ⅰ度污染", "B": "胎动减弱", "C": "胎心监护见到早期减速", "D": "胎儿头皮血pH为7.18"}, "answer": "胎儿头皮血pH为7.18", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,5周岁,两周前曾患感冒,目前不规则发热,易疲倦,脸色略苍白,查体发现心率增快,心尖部第一心音减弱,并可闻及早搏,心电图检查:P-R间期延长,ST段下移,实验室检查:C反应蛋白增高。1.该患儿的临床诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒性心肌炎", "B": "风湿性心肌炎", "C": "风湿性心包炎", "D": "类风湿性心包炎"}, "answer": "风湿性心肌炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "早期胃癌是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "只限于黏膜层", "B": "肿块直径在2cm以下", "C": "未侵袭肌层", "D": "无远隔淋巴结转移"}, "answer": "未侵袭肌层", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.患者,9岁,发热、咽痛1日就诊。查体:体温38.9℃,咽部充血,双扁桃腺肿大口,有脓性分泌物,舌红,乳头粗,颈部及躯干见红色鸡皮疹,压之退血,腋窝处明显,心肺正常(  )。", "options": {"A": "风疹", "B": "麻疹", "C": "幼儿急疹", "D": "猩红热"}, "answer": "猩红热", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.患者男性,27岁。大面积特重烧伤70%(50%),BSA,其中双大腿、会阴部、腹部及头皮皮肤完好,颜面、颈、双上肢、双小腿、双足背及胸背部为三度烧伤。临床治疗采取分批切痂植皮治疗,此次手术拟行双小腿及足背切痂植皮治疗,术中植皮应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "刃厚皮片移植", "B": "全层皮片移植", "C": "带真皮下浅层血管网的超厚皮片移植", "D": "皮瓣移植"}, "answer": "刃厚皮片移植", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "遗忘综合征的三大特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "幻觉、虚构、定向障碍", "B": "近记忆障碍、幻觉、定向障碍", "C": "谵妄、近记忆障碍、虚构", "D": "近记忆障碍、虚构、定向障碍"}, "answer": "近记忆障碍、虚构、定向障碍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,30岁。左手示指关节感染5天,伴剧烈跳痛,肿胀明显,需切开引流。正确的切口是(  )。", "options": {"A": "经甲床切开", "B": "经甲沟切开", "C": "指侧面纵切口", "D": "末节指腹横切口"}, "answer": "指侧面纵切口", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "细菌性肝脓肿最主要的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膈下脓肿蔓延", "B": "开放性肝脏损伤", "C": "化脓性门静脉炎", "D": "胆管结石并感染"}, "answer": "胆管结石并感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肺炎链球菌肺炎治疗的首选抗生素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红霉素", "B": "庆大霉素", "C": "氧氟沙星", "D": "青霉素G"}, "answer": "青霉素G", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,34岁,皮下结节3年,反复发作性头痛、共济失调4个月。体检:躯干、四肢、头皮下触及多个直径在0.5~1.0cm大小圆形结节,质韧,无触痛,与周围组织无粘连。临床诊断为囊虫病3.下列关于囊虫病的治疗错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "疑有囊尾蚴致脑室孔堵塞者,应手术治疗", "B": "脑囊虫病伴颅内高压者病原治疗无效后可给予20%的甘露醇静滴", "C": "癫痫发作频繁者可酌情选用安定、异戊巴比妥等", "D": "有痴呆、幻觉及性格改变的晚期患者,主张用阿苯达唑治疗"}, "answer": "脑囊虫病伴颅内高压者病原治疗无效后可给予20%的甘露醇静滴", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者李某,患有较大的卵巢囊肿准备择期手术,患者要求术前自身贮血和术野自身血回输。3.术野自身血回输应由谁负责实施(  )。", "options": {"A": "经治医师", "B": "主治医师", "C": "麻醉科医师", "D": "手术室护士"}, "answer": "麻醉科医师", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.能引起体温持续升高的致病物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "LT(不耐热肠毒素)", "B": "SLT(志贺样毒素)", "C": "CFA(定居因子)", "D": "LPS(脂多糖)"}, "answer": "LPS(脂多糖)", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,22岁。右手及前臂沸水烫伤1小时。查体:右手及前臂红肿明显,有水疱,部分水疱皮脱落,可见创面红白相间,疼痛迟钝。2.该患者烧伤深度及严重程度分度是(  )。", "options": {"A": "深Ⅱ°,中度烧伤", "B": "浅Ⅱ°,中度烧伤", "C": "浅Ⅱ°,轻度烧伤", "D": "深Ⅱ°,轻度烧伤"}, "answer": "深Ⅱ°,轻度烧伤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,46岁,因双眼睑及四肢无力入院。入院诊断:重症肌无力。决定给予血浆置换治疗。在血浆置换过程中,患者出现面部瘙痒、潮红,胸部及四肢出现少量荨麻疹。体检:体温37.6℃,血压115/65mmHg,该患者可能出现的输血反应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "非溶血性发热性输血反应", "B": "过敏反应", "C": "溶血性输血反应", "D": "循环超负荷"}, "answer": "过敏反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,28岁。尿频、尿急、尿痛2天,无发热及腰痛,既往无类似发作。查体:双肾区无叩击痛,血WBC 5.4×109/L,尿WBC 30~40/HP,RBC 10~15/HP,亚硝酸盐(+)。该患者抗感染治疗疗程应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "4周", "B": "3天", "C": "7天", "D": "10天"}, "answer": "3天", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不符合胰岛素瘤的特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低血糖经常出现在空腹或活动后", "B": "血糖降至1.67mmol/L,胰岛素则停止释放", "C": "禁食后多在48小时出现低血糖", "D": "胰岛素释放指数增加"}, "answer": "血糖降至1.67mmol/L,胰岛素则停止释放", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,40岁,左颈部肿块半年,未扪及肿大淋巴结,细针穿刺细胞学检查显示乳头状癌。2.治疗方案应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "切除左侧甲状腺、峡部、右侧腺体大部+双侧颈部淋巴结清扫", "B": "切除左侧甲状腺、峡部、右侧腺体大部", "C": "放射性碘内照射", "D": "外放射治疗"}, "answer": "切除左侧甲状腺、峡部、右侧腺体大部", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.直肠、结肠家族性、多发性腺瘤性息肉属(  )。", "options": {"A": "癌前病变", "B": "早期胃癌", "C": "良性肿瘤", "D": "恶性肿瘤"}, "answer": "癌前病变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.上叙哪项是叶酸类似物抗代谢药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "8-氮杂鸟嘌呤", "B": "甲氨蝶呤", "C": "阿糖胞苷", "D": "5-氟尿嘧啶"}, "answer": "甲氨蝶呤", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,发热起病,乏力、腹胀、食欲缺乏,发病第9天出现躁动不安,神志不清,巩膜及皮肤深度黄染,肝界缩小,注射部位可见瘀斑,血胆红素定量300μmol/L,ALTl50U/L,血清蛋白29g/L。2.肝脏病理解剖特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "碎屑样坏死", "B": "大量肝细胞坏死无纤维组织增生", "C": "较多肝细胞坏死,出现肝细胞再生及纤维组织增生", "D": "毛细胆管胆栓形成,小胆管扩张"}, "answer": "大量肝细胞坏死无纤维组织增生", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "中性粒细胞主要功能是下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "参与止血", "B": "吞噬异物", "C": "释放细胞毒素", "D": "释放组胺"}, "answer": "吞噬异物", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,35岁。上腹部突发刀割样剧痛2小时急诊入院。查体:强迫体位,板状腹,全腹压痛、反跳痛、肌紧张,以右上腹为著。肝浊音界减小,肠鸣音减弱。3.假设术后1周,患者出现持续性高热,右肋缘下疼痛伴呃逆,WBC 24×109/L,胸片右侧中量胸腔积液,最可能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺部感染", "B": "切口感染", "C": "膈下脓肿", "D": "盆腔脓肿"}, "answer": "膈下脓肿", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "检测微量Ag最敏感的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "间接凝集", "B": "反向间接凝集", "C": "单向免疫扩散", "D": "免疫电泳"}, "answer": "反向间接凝集", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于谷胱甘肽作用的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体内重要的还原剂", "B": "保护酶分子中巯基免遭氧化", "C": "使细胞内产生的H2O2变成H2O", "D": "发挥作用后即被分解"}, "answer": "发挥作用后即被分解", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某男性,29岁,因车祸外伤急送医院急诊。咯血、口鼻均有鲜血外溢,呼吸困难。体检:心率100次/min,血压130/90mmHg(17.33/12kPa),神志模糊,烦躁不安。左侧胸壁严重擦伤,肿胀,四肢活动尚可,左大腿中下段中度肿胀,有瘀斑和严重擦伤。3.下列不必紧急做的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅脑与胸部、左股骨X线摄片", "B": "多科会诊", "C": "左下肢包扎固定", "D": "输血"}, "answer": "输血", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "重症糖尿病患者施行择期手术前,血糖和尿糖应控制在(  )。", "options": {"A": "血糖5.6~11.2mmol/L,尿糖(+~++)", "B": "血糖<5.6mmol/L,尿糖(-)", "C": "血糖<5.6mmol/L,尿糖(+)", "D": "血糖>11.2mmol/L,尿糖(+)"}, "answer": "血糖5.6~11.2mmol/L,尿糖(+~++)", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "引起同种异型器官移植排斥反应的靶抗原主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "表达于移植物细胞表面MHC分子", "B": "表达于移植物细胞表面的次要组织相容性抗原", "C": "血型抗原", "D": "异嗜性抗原"}, "answer": "表达于移植物细胞表面MHC分子", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,67岁,劳力性呼吸困难4年,加重2天,4年前开始出现体力活动后呼吸困难,休息状态下症状消失,2天前呼吸困难加重后夜间不能平卧,高血压病史20年。查体:BP 160/100mmHg,端坐呼吸,双肺底可闻及湿啰音,心率102次/分,P2亢进,可闻及S3奔马律,该患者不宜立即使用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呋塞米", "B": "硝酸甘油", "C": "吗啡", "D": "美托洛尔"}, "answer": "美托洛尔", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,48岁,近1个月感口渴、饮水量增至每天2000ml。身高156cm、体重71kg。空腹血糖10.0mmol/L(180m(s/dl),餐后血糖14.0mmol/L(252mg/dl)。系初次发现血糖高,过去无糖尿病史。1.给患者的治疗建议是(  )。", "options": {"A": "饮食及运动治疗", "B": "双胍类降血糖药", "C": "磺脲类降血糖药", "D": "胰岛素"}, "answer": "饮食及运动治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性病人,入院3天,头部受伤后立即昏迷,10分钟后清醒,有呕吐,对受伤情况不能回忆,诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑震荡", "B": "脑干损伤", "C": "颅内血肿", "D": "脑挫裂伤"}, "answer": "脑震荡", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.维持体内环境相对稳定的免疫功能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫预防功能", "B": "免疫监视功能", "C": "免疫稳定功能", "D": "免疫耐受"}, "answer": "免疫稳定功能", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女孩,6岁,出生后反复呼吸道感染,平时少活动。查体:无发绀,心前区稍隆起,胸骨左缘第3、4肋间3级粗糙全收缩期杂音、伴震颤,P2亢进。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "室间隔缺损", "B": "房间隔缺损", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "肺动脉狭窄"}, "answer": "室间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.流行性斑疹伤寒的传播媒介是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蜱", "B": "虱", "C": "蚤", "D": "螨"}, "answer": "虱", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "心率超过180次/min时,心输出量减少的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "减慢射血期缩短", "B": "等容收缩期缩短", "C": "等容舒张期缩短", "D": "心室充盈时间缩短"}, "answer": "心室充盈时间缩短", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "8岁男孩,4周前曾患脓疱病,近3日来眼睑浮肿,尿少,有肉眼血尿。查体:呼吸34次/分,心率110次/分,血压17.5/11kPa,眼睑及双下肢浮肿,双肺底少许湿啰音,肝肋下2cm,化验尿蛋白(+++),红细胞20~30/HP,ASO700U,C30.4g/L,白蛋白28g/L。2.应即刻采取的主要措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "用止血药", "B": "用降压药", "C": "静注速尿", "D": "口服地高辛"}, "answer": "静注速尿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性阑尾炎常见的典型临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热", "B": "腰大肌试验阳性", "C": "阵发性右下腹痛", "D": "转移性腹痛"}, "answer": "转移性腹痛", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "引起急性尿潴留的病因中,属于动力性梗阻的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膀胱结石", "B": "膀胱肿瘤", "C": "尿道狭窄", "D": "外伤性脊柱损伤"}, "answer": "外伤性脊柱损伤", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "胃窦部有一圆形溃疡,直径2cm,溃疡较浅,边缘不整齐,外形火山口状。其诊断最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性胃溃疡", "B": "应激性溃疡", "C": "早期凹陷型胃癌", "D": "溃疡型胃癌"}, "answer": "溃疡型胃癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "新斯的明的药理作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "激活胆碱酯酶", "B": "抑制胆碱酯酶", "C": "阻断M受体", "D": "激动N受体"}, "answer": "抑制胆碱酯酶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "至l994年7月我国累计HIV感染者共多少余例(  )。", "options": {"A": "900", "B": "1100", "C": "1200", "D": "1300"}, "answer": "1100", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者发热、乏力、食欲不振、腹痛,以左下腹明显,腹泻早期稀便,大便次数增多后转为黏液脓血便,并有里急后重。最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性细菌性痢疾", "B": "急性肠炎", "C": "食物中毒", "D": "肠道真菌病"}, "answer": "急性细菌性痢疾", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.氧自由基的主要作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "引起发热", "B": "使血管通透性升高", "C": "导致疼痛", "D": "加重组织损伤"}, "answer": "加重组织损伤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "33岁,已婚妇女,月经规律,4~5天/21天,曾3年不孕,后来2次早孕自然流产,原因不明,计划近期再次怀孕,前来咨询。2.以下哪项辅助检查最有意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "染色体检查", "B": "宫腔镜检查", "C": "子宫输卵管造影", "D": "测性激素水平,月经前取子宫内膜检查"}, "answer": "测性激素水平,月经前取子宫内膜检查", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.属于急性风湿热的次要表现(  )。", "options": {"A": "瓣膜病", "B": "皮下结节", "C": "抗“O”>500U", "D": "心电图可见ST段下移及T波平坦或倒置"}, "answer": "瓣膜病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,47岁。反酸、烧心2个月,间断胸痛、咳嗽,无吞咽困难。首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化性溃疡", "B": "胃食管反流病", "C": "贲门失弛缓症", "D": "胸膜炎"}, "answer": "胃食管反流病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "人类免疫缺陷病毒的感染特点不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "HIV引起AIDS的感染类型为慢性感染", "B": "病毒可侵犯皮肤和神经等多个部位", "C": "造成免疫系统严重损伤", "D": "继发各种机会感染和肿瘤"}, "answer": "HIV引起AIDS的感染类型为慢性感染", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某人因有机磷农药中毒,致使神经纤维末梢释放的乙酰胆碱不能失活而作用加强。患者不会出现的一组症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化道运动增强,腹痛,腹泻", "B": "瞳孔缩小,视物模糊", "C": "肌肉震颤,抽搐", "D": "皮肤干燥,无汗"}, "answer": "皮肤干燥,无汗", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列选项中。最能提示化脓性腹膜炎病情加重的临床指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹式呼吸消失", "B": "腹肌紧张加重", "C": "腹胀加重", "D": "腹部压痛、反跳痛"}, "answer": "腹胀加重", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "我国早发型新生儿败血症病原菌最多见的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "幽门螺杆菌", "B": "葡萄球菌", "C": "表皮葡萄球菌", "D": "大肠杆菌"}, "answer": "大肠杆菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "生物反馈疗法归属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "人本主义疗法", "B": "认知行为疗法", "C": "物理治疗", "D": "放松训练"}, "answer": "认知行为疗法", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,46岁。右下腹持续性疼痛4天,伴恶心、呕吐,呕出物为胃内容物。体温38.5℃。体检发现右下腹5cm×5cm大小肿块,触痛明显。2.此时较合适的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急诊行阑尾切除术", "B": "急诊手术脓肿引流", "C": "肠道准备后行右半结肠切除术", "D": "X线钡灌肠"}, "answer": "急诊手术脓肿引流", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "溃疡型肠结核的主要表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "常腹痛、腹泻、大便呈糊样", "B": "多并发急性穿孔", "C": "常发生大出血", "D": "常可扪及肿块"}, "answer": "常腹痛、腹泻、大便呈糊样", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "5.低血糖的治疗原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "止惊-补钙-补维生素D", "B": "补充维生素D+钙剂", "C": "止惊-抗感染-降颅内压", "D": "止惊-静脉注射葡萄糖"}, "answer": "止惊-静脉注射葡萄糖", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.5岁男孩,突然起病,持续高热38.5~41.3℃,面色苍白,咳嗽,气促,给青霉素治疗1周疗效不佳。查体:呼吸56次/分,心率171次/分。胸部X线示右侧肋膈角变钝,呈一片致密阴影,肋间隙增宽,纵隔及心向左侧移位。该病例最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎合并脓胸", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎合并肺气肿", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎合并脓气胸", "D": "肺不张"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎合并脓胸", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列有关纤维素性炎的描述,哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "经常发生于粘膜、浆膜和肺", "B": "渗出大量纤维蛋白原并形成纤维素", "C": "可以发生机化", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "以上都不是", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不属于思维内容障碍的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "思维贫乏", "B": "被控制妄想", "C": "特殊意义妄想", "D": "关系妄想"}, "answer": "思维贫乏", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "迟发性血肿是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤后3周内出现症状者", "B": "伤后3周内发现血肿者", "C": "伤后3周内明确诊断者", "D": "首次CT检查阴性,以后复查CT发现血肿者"}, "answer": "首次CT检查阴性,以后复查CT发现血肿者", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,22岁。大量饮酒后突发上腹部胀痛,伴恶心、呕吐2小时。查体:P 102次/分,BP 110/60mmHg。双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心律齐。上腹部压痛明显,反跳痛(+),肠鸣音减弱。血尿常规及尿淀粉酶检查、立位腹部X线平片均未见明显异常。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肠梗阻", "B": "急性胰腺炎", "C": "急性胆囊炎", "D": "上消化道穿孔"}, "answer": "急性胰腺炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "安静时,在下述哪一温度范围内能量代谢最稳定?(  )", "options": {"A": "15~19℃", "B": "20~30℃", "C": "31~35℃", "D": "36~40℃"}, "answer": "20~30℃", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于社区诊断描述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "依据的是症状、体征和实验室检查结果", "B": "理论基础是临床专业知识", "C": "通常采用的是流行病学方法", "D": "是一种在疾病发生后的诊断"}, "answer": "通常采用的是流行病学方法", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "齐某,男,42岁,因在高空作业时不慎坠落,不省人事而被送入医院抢救。医院虽进行了抢救,但病情并未好转,又发生了感染性中毒性休克,继而循环功能发生障碍,预后估计不好。当家属和单位得知这一消息后出现了截然不同的意见:家属要求放弃治疗和抢救,而单位则要求继续抢救和治疗。2.在停止抢救与治疗中,病人情况突然有所好转,单位即改变了停止抢救与治疗的决定,要求医生尽最大努力挽救病人生命,家属则提出顺其自然的意见.不必做太大的努力。此时医生应该做何选择最符合伦理原则(  )。", "options": {"A": "尊重家属意见,顺其自然,不必做太大努力", "B": "尊重单位意见,继续尽全力抢救与治疗", "C": "在意见无法达成一致的情况下,采取支持疗法", "D": "继续进行必要的抢救与治疗,根据病情发展,再做最后决定"}, "answer": "继续进行必要的抢救与治疗,根据病情发展,再做最后决定", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肾小球滤过膜中,阻挡大分子物质滤过的主要屏障是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小囊脏层足细胞足突", "B": "肾小囊脏层足细胞胞体", "C": "肾小球毛细血管内皮下基膜", "D": "肾小球毛细血管内皮细胞"}, "answer": "肾小球毛细血管内皮下基膜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列对于条件反射的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "机体在后天生活过程中形成的", "B": "数量有限", "C": "建立后可以发生消退", "D": "使机体具有更大的适应性"}, "answer": "数量有限", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "8月男性,诊断为化脓性脑膜炎患儿经治疗1周后,体温下降,精神好转,但是前囟又隆起,头围增大,复查脑脊液明显好转,头颅透照试验阳性。3.每次穿刺放液量,两侧总共不宜超过(  )。", "options": {"A": "30~40ml", "B": "40~50ml", "C": "50~60ml", "D": "60~70ml"}, "answer": "50~60ml", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是引起脑萎缩最常见的原因?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑外伤", "B": "脑动脉粥样硬化", "C": "脑脓肿", "D": "脑结核"}, "answer": "脑动脉粥样硬化", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "骨折临床愈合的标准,下列选项不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "局部无压痛", "B": "局部无纵向叩击痛", "C": "局部无反常活动", "D": "局部无畸形"}, "answer": "局部无畸形", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是变性蛋白质的主要特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "分子量降低", "B": "溶解性增加", "C": "生物学活性丧失", "D": "不易被蛋白质水解"}, "answer": "生物学活性丧失", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.胃肠道梗阻的主要症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹痛伴发热、寒战、黄疸", "B": "腹痛伴反酸、嗳气", "C": "腹痛伴呕吐、腹胀", "D": "腹痛伴腹泻"}, "answer": "腹痛伴呕吐、腹胀", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "6个月女婴,中度脱水,酸中毒,经纠正酸中毒与补液,12小时后出现嗜睡,呼吸较前为浅,心音低钝,心率160次/分,腹胀,肠鸣音弱,血钠为135mmol/L。1.为明确诊断应做的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血渗透压测定", "B": "电解质测定", "C": "二氧化碳结合力测定", "D": "心脏超声心动图"}, "answer": "电解质测定", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "剧烈运动时尿量减少的原因主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "醛固酮分泌增多", "B": "肾血流量减少", "C": "血浆胶体渗透压升高", "D": "肾小管对水重吸收增加"}, "answer": "肾血流量减少", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.释放组胺引起过敏症状的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "嗜碱粒细胞", "B": "嗜酸粒细胞", "C": "淋巴细胞", "D": "血小板"}, "answer": "嗜碱粒细胞", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "淋巴瘤最有诊断意义的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝脾肿大", "B": "长期周期性发热", "C": "盗汗、体重减轻", "D": "无痛性淋巴结肿大"}, "answer": "无痛性淋巴结肿大", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "23岁初产妇,测坐骨结节间径7.5cm,为判断其能否自然分娩,此时还应测量(  )。", "options": {"A": "耻骨弓角度", "B": "对角径", "C": "坐骨棘间径", "D": "出口后矢状径"}, "answer": "出口后矢状径", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.以精神分析理论为基础的疗法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "自由联想疗法", "B": "森田疗法", "C": "询者中心疗法", "D": "系统脱敏疗法"}, "answer": "自由联想疗法", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "甲氨蝶呤可用于治疗白血病是因为其可以直接(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制二氢叶酸还原酶", "B": "阻断蛋白质的合成代谢", "C": "抑制蛋白质的分解代谢", "D": "破坏DNA的分子结构"}, "answer": "抑制二氢叶酸还原酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列不属于初级结合型胆汁酸的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甘氨胆酸", "B": "甘氨脱氧胆酸", "C": "牛磺鹅脱氧胆酸", "D": "甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸"}, "answer": "甘氨脱氧胆酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪一项不是枕骨大孔疝的常见症状?(  )", "options": {"A": "颈强", "B": "剧烈头痛,频繁呕吐", "C": "早期出现一侧瞳孔散大", "D": "意识障碍"}, "answer": "早期出现一侧瞳孔散大", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,女,孕38周出生,高位产钳助产,生后第二天出现嗜睡,呼吸不规则,前囟紧张,下肢抽动,尖声哭叫,血气检查示:pH7.28,动脉氧分压60mmHg,动脉二氧化碳分压70mmHg,剩余碱-15。2.检查最重要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头颅CT扫描", "B": "脑脊液检查", "C": "肝功能检查", "D": "血小板测定"}, "answer": "头颅CT扫描", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.低分子右旋糖酐(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑保护剂", "B": "溶栓治疗", "C": "血液稀释疗法", "D": "脑代谢活化剂"}, "answer": "血液稀释疗法", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项不属于医师在执业活动中应当履行的法定义务?(  )", "options": {"A": "恪守职业道德", "B": "参与所在机构的民主管理", "C": "遵守技术操作规范", "D": "宣传卫生保健知识"}, "answer": "参与所在机构的民主管理", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新生儿出生时,身体红,四肢青紫,心率90次/分,呼吸20次/分,呼吸不规则,四肢能活动,弹足底有皱眉。2.诊断可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿重度窒息", "B": "新生儿轻度窒息", "C": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病", "D": "新生儿败血症"}, "answer": "新生儿轻度窒息", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,27岁。产后第4天,出现寒战、高热、腰痛,尿白细胞30个/HP,尿蛋白(+),并尿痛,下腹痛,肾区叩击痛,耻骨上压痛(+),血象WBC 18×109/L2.应该如何选择用药?(  )", "options": {"A": "暂不用抗生素,待细菌培养结果,药敏结果出来后再用抗生素", "B": "治疗应在取尿标本送检后立即进行", "C": "首先运用广谱抗生素", "D": "抗生素治疗时少饮水"}, "answer": "治疗应在取尿标本送检后立即进行", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "骨骺分离,是属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "先天性发育不良", "B": "骨折", "C": "脱位", "D": "骨骺软骨病"}, "answer": "骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "激期佝偻病X线所见为(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨骺软骨变窄", "B": "骨质密度正常", "C": "临时钙化带模糊", "D": "骨膜增生"}, "answer": "临时钙化带模糊", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "胎儿宫内感染时,下列哪项是脐带血中含量增高的免疫球蛋白?(  )", "options": {"A": "IgG", "B": "IgM", "C": "IgE", "D": "IgD"}, "answer": "IgM", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗肠易激综合征不可选用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃肠解痉药", "B": "止泻药", "C": "抗抑郁药", "D": "柳氮磺吡啶"}, "answer": "柳氮磺吡啶", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,40岁,发现血尿、蛋白尿5年,查体:BP 150/90mmHg,24小时尿蛋白定量1.0~1.7g,血肌酐100umol/L。1.首先考虑的临床诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾血管性高血压", "B": "慢性肾炎", "C": "隐匿性肾炎", "D": "高血压肾损害"}, "answer": "慢性肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "中度敌百虫中毒患者,下述哪一项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "及早用阿托品和双复磷", "B": "立即用2%NaHCO3水10000ml彻底洗胃", "C": "立即静脉注射阿托品", "D": "缓解后观察3~5天,注意病情变化"}, "answer": "立即用2%NaHCO3水10000ml彻底洗胃", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肺内压在下述哪一时相中与大气压相等?(  )", "options": {"A": "吸气初与吸气末", "B": "吸气末与呼气末", "C": "吸气初与呼气末", "D": "吸气初与呼气初"}, "answer": "吸气末与呼气末", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "腹部叩诊出现移动性浊音,应首先考虑的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有心功能不全", "B": "幽门梗阻", "C": "尿潴留", "D": "急性胃炎"}, "answer": "有心功能不全", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心动周期中左心室容积最大的时期是(  )。", "options": {"A": "快速充盈期末", "B": "减慢充盈期末", "C": "减慢射血期末", "D": "心房收缩期末"}, "answer": "心房收缩期末", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "预防易感儿童患麻疹最有效的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "注射麻疹减毒活疫苗", "B": "注射麻疹灭活疫苗", "C": "注射人血清丙种球蛋白", "D": "隔离患儿,防止传播"}, "answer": "注射麻疹减毒活疫苗", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.细胞表面CD79α/CD79β(  )。", "options": {"A": "诱导B细胞活化,但无需Th细胞辅助", "B": "产生协同刺激信号,使B细胞活化", "C": "为B细胞活化的初级信号传导分子", "D": "产生增强的免疫应答,分泌高亲和力抗体"}, "answer": "为B细胞活化的初级信号传导分子", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下关于腹股沟直疝的描述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多见于儿童和青壮年", "B": "回纳后压住腹股沟内环,疝块不再突出", "C": "极少发生嵌顿", "D": "疝囊颈在腹壁下动脉外侧"}, "answer": "极少发生嵌顿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.医务人员的道德义务是(  )。", "options": {"A": "具有独立做出诊断和治疗的权利及特殊干涉权", "B": "对病人义务和对社会义务的统一", "C": "自主选择医院、医护人员", "D": "无条件接受人体实验"}, "answer": "对病人义务和对社会义务的统一", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列不属于肾小球源性病的主要临床表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压", "B": "水肿", "C": "蛋白尿", "D": "颗粒管型"}, "answer": "颗粒管型", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "确定乳房肿块性质最可靠的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳房X线检查", "B": "乳房B超检查", "C": "活组织切片检查", "D": "乳房溢液涂片"}, "answer": "活组织切片检查", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.主要通过非特异投射系统发挥唤醒作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "特异投射系统", "B": "网状结构上行激动系统", "C": "第一信号系统", "D": "第二信号系统"}, "answer": "网状结构上行激动系统", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "地方性先天性甲状腺功能低下的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺激素合成障碍", "B": "促甲状腺激素缺乏", "C": "靶器官反应低下", "D": "碘缺乏"}, "answer": "碘缺乏", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "将蛋白质类食物通过胃瘘直接放入胃内引起胃液分泌的特点,下列哪项叙述正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "量大,酸度高,消化力较弱", "B": "量大,酸度高,消化力较强", "C": "量大,酸度低,消化力较强", "D": "量小,酸度低,消化力较弱"}, "answer": "量大,酸度高,消化力较强", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "糖尿病酮症酸中毒的常见诱因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "感染", "B": "创伤", "C": "手术", "D": "以上均可"}, "answer": "以上均可", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.人流术后(  )。", "options": {"A": "易引起DIC", "B": "易引起失血性休克", "C": "易引起宫颈粘连", "D": "易致肠管损伤"}, "answer": "易引起宫颈粘连", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.疑为溶血性或细菌污染性输血反应,应立即停止输血,同时应(  )。", "options": {"A": "核对用血申请单、血袋标签、交叉配血试验记录", "B": "核对患者症状、体征、治疗过程", "C": "逐项填写患者输血反应回报单,并返还输血科保存,输血科每日统计上报医务处", "D": "逐项填写患者输血反应回报单,并上报院长室"}, "answer": "核对用血申请单、血袋标签、交叉配血试验记录", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "通过细胞膜受体发挥作用的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "雄激素", "B": "孕激素", "C": "甲状腺激素", "D": "胰岛素"}, "answer": "胰岛素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肿瘤相关抗原通常不能诱导有效抗肿瘤免疫的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "无诱导抗体产生能力", "B": "表达量低", "C": "多为自身抗原", "D": "MHCⅡ分子表达低"}, "answer": "多为自身抗原", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,60岁,咳嗽、痰中带血、体重减轻2个月,曾予青霉素800万单位肌注5天,口服止咳、祛痰药无效。体格检查;左外侧胸第4、5肋间语颤减低,叩诊浊音,WBC 8.7×109/L,N 0.69。4.最可能的诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "左肺炎", "B": "肺结核", "C": "肺癌", "D": "支气管扩张"}, "answer": "肺癌", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,35岁,近2年来反复出现清晨不易唤醒,饮糖水后可缓解,且发作逐渐频繁。其最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝癌晚期", "B": "胰岛素瘤", "C": "糖原累积病", "D": "肝硬化"}, "answer": "胰岛素瘤", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "可使肌酸磷酸激酶升高和肌肉触痛的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆汁酸结合树脂", "B": "苯氧酸类", "C": "HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂", "D": "多不饱和脂肪酸类"}, "answer": "HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩,18个月,高热稽留7天,伴咳嗽、呼吸困难。查体:精神不振,面色苍白,气促,心音低钝,心率171次/分,心律不齐,右肺背部叩诊发浊,呼吸音减低,可闻及散在湿啰音,肝在肋下1.0cm。心电图显示窦性心动过速,ST段下移1.2mm,T波平坦。该病例诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺病毒肺炎合并心肌炎", "B": "呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎合并心肌炎", "C": "革兰阴性杆菌肺炎合并心肌炎", "D": "肺炎支原体肺炎合并心肌炎"}, "answer": "腺病毒肺炎合并心肌炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "附睾结核多继发于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾结核", "B": "骨结核", "C": "淋巴结核", "D": "肠结核"}, "answer": "肾结核", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "普萘洛尔与硝酸酯类合用治疗心绞痛的协同作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "降低心肌耗氧量", "B": "保护缺血心肌细胞", "C": "增加心室容积", "D": "松弛血管平滑肌"}, "answer": "降低心肌耗氧量", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.乙琥胺(  )。", "options": {"A": "可引起瞳孔扩大", "B": "可引起共济失调", "C": "可引起急性心力衰竭", "D": "可引起再生障碍性贫血"}, "answer": "可引起再生障碍性贫血", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.能诱导肝药酶加速自身代谢的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙琥胺", "B": "苯妥英钠", "C": "地西泮", "D": "氯硝西泮"}, "answer": "苯妥英钠", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,52岁,公司经理,吸烟10年,每天2包,体重75kg,身高166cm。3.应该建议该就诊者采取的预防措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎链球菌疫苗接种", "B": "戒烟,适当运动,合理饮食", "C": "冬令进补", "D": "冷水沐浴锻炼"}, "answer": "戒烟,适当运动,合理饮食", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "钩端螺旋体病犬型的主要储存宿主是(  )。", "options": {"A": "猪", "B": "狼", "C": "狗", "D": "鼠"}, "answer": "狗", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "再障血象骨髓象的特点为(  )。", "options": {"A": "呈全血细胞减少,少数呈两系细胞或血小板减少", "B": "粒细胞停滞于早幼粒阶段,胞浆中颗粒粗大", "C": "细胞大小不等,中心淡染区扩大,", "D": "骨髓增生活跃,但巨核细胞减少"}, "answer": "呈全血细胞减少,少数呈两系细胞或血小板减少", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.检查血清中抗核抗体的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直接凝集", "B": "对流免疫电泳", "C": "ELISA", "D": "荧光标记"}, "answer": "荧光标记", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.以不正当手段取得医师执业证书的(  )。", "options": {"A": "罚款", "B": "责令暂停6个月以上1年以下执业活动", "C": "吊销其执业证书", "D": "承担刑事责任"}, "answer": "吊销其执业证书", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,40岁。双下肢水肿1个月。查体:BP 150/100mmHg,尿红细胞3~5/HP,尿蛋白5g/d,血清蛋白20g/L,血肌酐70μmol/L。近3天腰痛,尿量减少。复查尿常规:尿红细胞30~50/HP。B超示右肾增大。2.为明确诊断,最重要的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾血管彩超检查", "B": "肾活检", "C": "测尿钠排泄分数及尿渗透压", "D": "尿培养"}, "answer": "肾活检", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "成熟B细胞表面不表达的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "MHC-Ⅰ类分子", "B": "MHC-Ⅱ类分子", "C": "CD35", "D": "CD2"}, "answer": "CD2", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "婴儿结核性脑膜炎中期的主要特征为(  )。", "options": {"A": "嗜睡或惊厥", "B": "喷射性呕吐", "C": "前囟膨隆", "D": "骨缝闭合延迟"}, "answer": "前囟膨隆", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "共同参与型的医患关系模式最适合于(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性病人", "B": "慢性病人", "C": "重症病人", "D": "精神病人"}, "answer": "慢性病人", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3岁女孩,因生长发育瘦小,肤色及口唇较黯,怀疑有先天性心脏病就诊。4.当治疗合并症后,关于进一步治疗应建议家长(  )。", "options": {"A": "继续随访观察", "B": "预防脱水", "C": "作分流手术", "D": "施行根治手术"}, "answer": "施行根治手术", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性肾炎与慢性肾炎的根本区别是(  )。", "options": {"A": "起病缓急", "B": "有无肾功能减退", "C": "肾组织病理改变", "D": "起病年龄、性别"}, "answer": "肾组织病理改变", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "IQ=15(X-M)/S+100,称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "比率智商", "B": "离差智商", "C": "百分位智商", "D": "中位数智商"}, "answer": "离差智商", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "气溶胶指下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "尘、烟", "B": "蒸汽", "C": "尘、雾", "D": "烟、尘、雾"}, "answer": "烟、尘、雾", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "阵挛性发作多发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "老年人", "B": "学龄儿童", "C": "婴幼儿", "D": "任何年龄"}, "answer": "婴幼儿", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,52岁,有胆管结石病史,近2天来右上腹疼痛,体温37.8℃,2小时前突然畏寒、寒战,体温达40℃,精神紧张兴奋,口渴,面色苍白,脉搏98次/分,有力,血压110/96mmHg,尿量26ml。1.病人处于何种情况?(  )", "options": {"A": "急性胆囊炎,无休克", "B": "休克代偿期", "C": "中度休克", "D": "重度休克"}, "answer": "休克代偿期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,25岁,鼻衄、牙龈出血、皮肤瘀斑3天。查体:T 37.8℃,胸骨压痛,血常规:WBC 2.8×109/L,Hb 80g/L,PLT1.8×109/L,血分类中未见异常细胞,尿常规可见多个红细胞。4.主要治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "AD方案化疗", "B": "维甲酸", "C": "长春新碱+泼尼松", "D": "中、大剂量阿糖胞苷"}, "answer": "维甲酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "入芝兰之室,久闻而不知其香说明了(  )。", "options": {"A": "感觉过敏", "B": "感觉适应", "C": "感觉相互作用", "D": "感受性补偿"}, "answer": "感觉适应", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "房室延搁的生理意义是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使心室肌不会产生完全强直收缩", "B": "增强心肌收缩力", "C": "使心室肌有效不应期延长", "D": "使心房、心室不会同时收缩"}, "answer": "使心房、心室不会同时收缩", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性坏死性胰腺炎时,下列哪项检查结果正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "血清淀粉酶均升高", "B": "血清脂肪酶早期升高", "C": "血糖升高", "D": "血白蛋白升高"}, "answer": "血糖升高", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.等渗性脱水,第1日应输(  )。", "options": {"A": "等张含钠液", "B": "1/2张含钠液", "C": "2/3张含钠液", "D": "1/3张含钠液"}, "answer": "1/2张含钠液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.泌尿系结石的尿异常表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "活动后血尿", "B": "全程无痛性血尿", "C": "乳糜性血尿", "D": "阵发性蛋白尿"}, "answer": "活动后血尿", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.潮气量补吸气量与补呼气量之和称(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺活量", "B": "肺通气量", "C": "肺总容量", "D": "肺泡通气量"}, "answer": "肺活量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "老年男性,因咳嗽、咳黄痰4天就诊。查体发现主动脉瓣区粗糙的收缩期杂音。超声心动图示主动脉瓣狭窄,左室射血分数0.55。心电图检查正常。对该患者不恰当的处置方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗生素", "B": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂", "C": "定期做超声心动陶", "D": "胸部X线检查"}, "answer": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.人本主义注重(  )。", "options": {"A": "认知与评价", "B": "自我实现", "C": "不注意对人本性的研究", "D": "习得的行为"}, "answer": "自我实现", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "12岁患儿,因高度浮肿,大量蛋白尿,于外院诊断为原发性肾病综合征,经用泼尼松60mg/d,治疗8周,现尿蛋白(+++~++++),尿红细胞50个/HP,血清补体C3正常,肾功能正常。1.可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "先天性肾病综合征", "B": "单纯型肾病综合征", "C": "肾炎型肾病综合征", "D": "IgA肾病"}, "answer": "肾炎型肾病综合征", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "足月新生儿,因宫内窘迫产钳助产,羊水Ⅱ度污染,出后不久出现呼吸困难,口周发绀,三凹征(+),肺呼吸音粗糙,心腹(-),四肢肌张力正常,拥抱反射、握持反射存在。3.首选下列哪种抗菌素控制感染?(  )", "options": {"A": "庆大霉素", "B": "氨苄青霉素", "C": "青霉素", "D": "环丙沙星"}, "answer": "氨苄青霉素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不符合再障表现的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓增生低下", "B": "红系白系血小板有二系以上减少", "C": "无淋巴结肿大", "D": "偶见局灶巨核细胞增多"}, "answer": "偶见局灶巨核细胞增多", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "布洛芬适用于治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "头痛、牙痛", "B": "肌肉痛、神经痛", "C": "感冒发烧", "D": "风湿、类风湿关节炎"}, "answer": "风湿、类风湿关节炎", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肱骨下1/3骨折,哪一项检查简单、实用、正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "肱骨全长的X线正、侧位", "B": "肱骨下1/3为中心MRI", "C": "肱骨下1/3为中心,包括肘关节的正、侧位", "D": "肱骨下1/3正、斜位X线片"}, "answer": "肱骨下1/3为中心,包括肘关节的正、侧位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肿瘤的分级是(  )。", "options": {"A": "按肿瘤的大小", "B": "按肿瘤间质和实质的比例", "C": "按肿瘤是否转移", "D": "按肿瘤的分化程度"}, "answer": "按肿瘤的分化程度", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在经典、替代两条途径中均起作用的补体成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "C1γ", "B": "C1δ", "C": "C2", "D": "C3"}, "answer": "C3", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "烧伤后病人出现休克症状时,最早的治疗措施中,下列错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即转往有条件的医院治疗", "B": "立即静脉输液", "C": "保护创面,防止再损伤", "D": "注意合并伤的诊断及处理"}, "answer": "立即转往有条件的医院治疗", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一个人的短时记忆持续时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "秒级", "B": "毫秒级", "C": "分钟级", "D": "数天"}, "answer": "秒级", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "《母婴保健法》所指的孕产期保健服务不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "母婴保健指导", "B": "孕妇、产妇保健", "C": "胎儿保健", "D": "胎儿性别鉴定"}, "answer": "胎儿性别鉴定", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "哪项是急性炎症性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病起病1周内最常见的神经系统症状和体征?(  )", "options": {"A": "四肢弛缓性瘫", "B": "尿潴留", "C": "四肢手套袜套型感觉减退", "D": "肌萎缩"}, "answer": "四肢弛缓性瘫", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎典型的病理变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经细胞变性坏死", "B": "淋巴细胞血管周袖套状浸润", "C": "蛛网膜下腔脓性渗出物聚集", "D": "脑软化灶形成"}, "answer": "蛛网膜下腔脓性渗出物聚集", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "皮下出血面积的直径多大称为瘀斑(  )。", "options": {"A": "2~3mm", "B": "3.5mm", "C": ">5mm", "D": "以上均可"}, "answer": ">5mm", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,45岁。发现颈部肿物3个月,无不适,无结核病史。查体:左颈部外侧中部有肿块,2.5cm大小,活动,无压痛,甲状腺未触及结节。1.对该患者确诊最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "PPD试验", "B": "B超检查", "C": "CT检查", "D": "细针穿刺细胞学检查"}, "answer": "细针穿刺细胞学检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不通过垂直传播的病毒是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓灰质炎病毒", "B": "乙型肝炎病毒", "C": "巨细胞病毒", "D": "风疹病毒"}, "answer": "脊髓灰质炎病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.肺动脉瓣区第二音固定分裂(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "动脉导管未闭", "C": "室间隔缺损", "D": "主动脉狭窄"}, "answer": "房间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,35岁。丈夫因车祸去世,令其痛不欲生,遂到心理咨询门诊寻求帮助。该女子在诉说其目前的心境时痛哭流涕。对此,心理咨询师在初始阶段一般不应采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对质其懦弱", "B": "帮助其领悟", "C": "指导其放松", "D": "接受其宣泄"}, "answer": "对质其懦弱", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "青年女性,闭经3个月,阴道不规律出血,血块中夹有水泡状物。检查发现子宫体积大,阴道壁有暗紫色结节、出血、坏死。最可能的病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄状肉瘤", "B": "宫外孕", "C": "葡萄胎", "D": "恶性葡萄胎"}, "answer": "恶性葡萄胎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿3岁,因发热呕吐15天住院。查体:嗜睡状,营养差,颈抵抗(+),右侧鼻唇沟变浅,右眼闭合不全,心肺腹部未见异常,巴氏征(+)。脑脊液:外观毛玻璃样,蛋白0.8g/L,糖1.24mmol/L,氯化物100mmoL/L,白细胞160×106/L,多核45%,单核55%。2.治疗应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素+氯霉素", "B": "对症处理+中药", "C": "INH+RFP+SM+PZA+泼尼松", "D": "INH+RFP+SM+PZA"}, "answer": "INH+RFP+SM+PZA+泼尼松", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肝硬化最常见的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "自发性腹膜炎", "B": "肝性脑病", "C": "门静脉血栓形成", "D": "上消化道出血"}, "answer": "上消化道出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "8岁男孩,左大腿轻微外伤后,第二天出现局部明显肿胀、剧痛、不敢活动、高热,来院后,最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "拍X线片", "B": "测体温", "C": "局部检查", "D": "分层穿刺"}, "answer": "分层穿刺", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不能用生理性妊娠解释的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血液处于高凝状态", "B": "红细胞沉降率下降", "C": "纤溶活性降低", "D": "四肢水肿卧床休息后不消退"}, "answer": "四肢水肿卧床休息后不消退", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,46岁,今晨咯血100ml,无发热。幼时起反复咳嗽,咳痰,查体:T 36.8℃,BP 120/70mmHg,左肺可闻及湿啰音,该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺结核", "B": "支气管扩张", "C": "支气管肺癌", "D": "慢性支气管炎"}, "answer": "支气管扩张", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "艾滋病患者常见的并发机会性感染是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡氏肺囊虫及弓形体等寄生虫感染", "B": "鸟结核分枝杆菌及星形放线菌等细菌感染", "C": "白念球菌、新型隐球菌及荚膜组织胞浆菌等真菌感染", "D": "以上均是"}, "answer": "以上均是", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.平素健康的小儿患腹泻,病程短,脱水多为(  )。", "options": {"A": "高渗性脱水", "B": "等渗性脱水", "C": "低钾血症", "D": "低钙血症"}, "answer": "等渗性脱水", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列出血现象属出血性疾病的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "食管静脉曲张破裂引起的呕血", "B": "消化性溃疡所致上消化道出血", "C": "肺结核大咯血", "D": "遗传性出血性毛细血管扩张症致反复呕血"}, "answer": "遗传性出血性毛细血管扩张症致反复呕血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5岁男孩,突然高热,畏寒3天,伴左膝关节肿痛就诊,查体:左侧膝关节红肿,压痛,活动时疼痛剧烈,浮髌试验(+),下列处理哪项欠佳?(  )", "options": {"A": "大剂量静脉注射抗生素", "B": "关节内注射抗生素", "C": "全身支持疗法", "D": "立即切开引流"}, "answer": "立即切开引流", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.胎盘功能不良者容易发生(  )。", "options": {"A": "足月儿", "B": "低出生体重儿", "C": "早产儿", "D": "巨大儿"}, "answer": "低出生体重儿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于肾上腺危象,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "是Addison病急剧加重的表现", "B": "可出现低血糖和低血钠症", "C": "血钾降低", "D": "可有恶心、脱水和血压降低等表现"}, "answer": "血钾降低", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "25岁初孕妇,末次月经2000年3月10日。于2000年10月13日就诊,检查宫底在脐上2横指,枕右前位,胎心率正常。现在应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "妊娠满30周,宫底高度符合正常情况", "B": "妊娠满30周,宫底高度低于正常", "C": "妊娠满31周,宫底高度低于正常", "D": "妊娠满32周,宫底高度低于正常"}, "answer": "妊娠满30周,宫底高度低于正常", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.缺碘引起的甲状腺肿大属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "代偿性肥大", "B": "代偿性增生", "C": "病理性增生", "D": "内分泌性增生"}, "answer": "病理性增生", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "婴儿腹泻进行补液时兼有扩充血容量及纠正酸中毒的最合适的溶液是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2:3:1含钠溶液", "B": "1.4%的碳酸氢钠", "C": "11.2%的乳酸钠", "D": "5%的生理盐水"}, "answer": "2:3:1含钠溶液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,6岁,发热2天,伴咽痛、皮疹1日。查体:体温38.7℃,咽部充血,草莓舌,面部潮红,躯干部见细小鲜红色充血性皮疹。诊断为猩红热。治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "头孢唑啉", "B": "氯霉素", "C": "青霉素", "D": "磷霉素"}, "answer": "青霉素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "痰标本涂片找到抗酸杆菌,下列判断哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "95%是结核分枝杆菌", "B": "5%是麻风分枝杆菌", "C": "也可能是耻垢杆菌", "D": "病人多为开放性肺结核"}, "answer": "也可能是耻垢杆菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.血中可检出抗壁细胞抗体的胃炎是(  )。", "options": {"A": "A型胃炎", "B": "B型胃炎", "C": "急性单纯性胃炎", "D": "急性腐蚀性胃炎"}, "answer": "A型胃炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "引起流行性脑膜炎的病原体属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "杆菌", "B": "螺形菌", "C": "双球菌", "D": "链球菌"}, "answer": "双球菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,50岁。皮肤、巩膜黄染2个月。进行性加重,伴厌食、乏力。大便灰白,体重减轻3kg。查体:巩膜、皮肤黄染,肝肋下3cm,边缘钝,无结节,可触及肿大胆囊,Murphy征(-),血清总胆固醇、结合胆红素、ALP、γ-GT均显著升高,CA199升高。首选的影像学检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部CT", "B": "MRCP", "C": "腹部MRI", "D": "腹部B超"}, "answer": "腹部B超", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "最先到达病原体感染部位的免疫细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "T细胞", "B": "巨噬细胞", "C": "B细胞", "D": "中性粒细胞"}, "answer": "中性粒细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1岁内小儿体重后半年每月平均增长(  )。", "options": {"A": "200~300g", "B": "300~400g", "C": "500~600g", "D": "600~800g"}, "answer": "200~300g", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在缺氧情况下,体内糖酵解的终产物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙酮", "B": "丙酸", "C": "乳酸", "D": "乙酸"}, "answer": "乳酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "从马车上摔下,头后枕部着地,颈部活动受限,下颈椎压痛明显,四肢弛缓性瘫,躯干感觉平面在胸骨柄以下,痛、温觉消失,不能自行排尿,诊断首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈椎间盘突出症", "B": "颈椎骨折脱位并脊髓损伤", "C": "颈部软组织损伤", "D": "颈椎骨折脱位并臂丛神经与腰骶丛神经损伤"}, "answer": "颈椎骨折脱位并脊髓损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "淋巴瘤最有诊断意义的临床表现(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝脾肿大", "B": "长期周期性发热", "C": "无痛性淋巴结肿大", "D": "局限性淋巴结肿大并有粘连"}, "answer": "无痛性淋巴结肿大", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,59岁。反复胸痛3天,劳累时发作。休息15分钟或含服硝酸甘油1分钟后可缓解,每天发作3~5次。既往糖尿病史10年。不适宜立即进行的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静息心电图", "B": "冠状动脉造影", "C": "心电图负荷试验", "D": "超声心动图"}, "answer": "心电图负荷试验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "28岁不孕妇女,痛经3年且逐渐加重。妇科检查:子宫后壁有2个触痛性硬韧结节,右侧附件区扪及超鸭卵大、活动不良的囊性肿物,压痛不明显。2.本例右侧附件区囊性肿物最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卵巢滤泡囊肿", "B": "卵巢黄体囊肿", "C": "卵巢内膜异位囊肿", "D": "多囊卵巢综合征"}, "answer": "卵巢内膜异位囊肿", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "PaCO2升高最主要是通过哪部分引起呼吸加深加快的?(  )", "options": {"A": "刺激中枢化学感受器转而兴奋呼吸中枢", "B": "刺激颈动脉窦压力感受器", "C": "直接刺激呼吸中枢", "D": "刺激主动脉体化学感受器"}, "answer": "刺激中枢化学感受器转而兴奋呼吸中枢", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有关胰岛素对糖代谢的影响正确的叙述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制糖原的合成和贮存", "B": "减慢葡萄糖的氧化和酵解", "C": "抑制糖原分解", "D": "加速糖异生"}, "answer": "抑制糖原分解", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.与P序列结合(  )。", "options": {"A": "Lac阻遏蛋白", "B": "RNA聚合酶", "C": "分解代谢物基因激活蛋白", "D": "别乳糖"}, "answer": "RNA聚合酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不符合急性炎症性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病的病因的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "确切病因不清", "B": "与细菌感染无关", "C": "可发生于感染性疾病、疫苗接种后", "D": "某些自身免疫性疾病可合并本病"}, "answer": "与细菌感染无关", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "庆大霉素对下列何种感染无效?(  )", "options": {"A": "大肠埃希菌致尿路感染", "B": "肠球菌心内膜炎", "C": "结核性脑膜炎", "D": "革兰阴性菌感染的败血症"}, "answer": "结核性脑膜炎", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "第7、8胸椎结核病灶清除术后,恢复工作已1年。近3个月来又出现背痛、乏力、盗汗、低热和双下肢无力症状。查体:第7、8胸椎局部有明显叩击痛,双下肢肌力三级,巴宾斯基反射(+),血沉增快。治疗最适宜的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "非手术治疗,卧石膏床", "B": "在抗结核药物保护下尽早行病灶清除术", "C": "以非手术治疗为主,必要时行病灶清除术", "D": "后路植骨融合术"}, "answer": "在抗结核药物保护下尽早行病灶清除术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于乳糖操纵子的叙述,哪项是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "属于可诱导型调控", "B": "属于可阻隔型调控", "C": "结构基因产物抑制分解代谢", "D": "结构基因产物与分解代谢无关"}, "answer": "属于可诱导型调控", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.移植物急性排斥(  )。", "options": {"A": "属Ⅰ型超敏反应性疾病", "B": "属Ⅱ型超敏反应性疾病", "C": "属Ⅲ型超敏反应性疾病", "D": "属Ⅳ型超敏反应性疾病"}, "answer": "属Ⅳ型超敏反应性疾病", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "具有逆转录过程的病毒是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙型肝炎病毒", "B": "人乳头瘤病毒", "C": "腺病毒", "D": "EB病毒"}, "answer": "乙型肝炎病毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于难治性肾病综合征的治疗,不予考虑的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲泼尼龙", "B": "环孢素A", "C": "硫唑嘌呤", "D": "氟尿嘧啶"}, "answer": "氟尿嘧啶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,39岁。发热2天,伴畏寒,右上肢剧烈疼痛,有啮齿动物接触史。查体:T 39.8℃,P 110次/分,R 22次/分,BP 120/75mmHg,神志清楚,强迫体位,右腋下可触及肿大淋巴结,触痛明显,心肺腹未见异常。实验室检查:血WBC 12.4×109/L,中性粒细胞0.86,淋巴细胞0.14,淋巴结穿刺液涂片染色检查可见G-菌。引起该病的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤寒杆菌", "B": "奈瑟球菌", "C": "鼠疫耶尔森菌", "D": "流感嗜血杆菌"}, "answer": "鼠疫耶尔森菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.属于酮体的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "α-酮戊二酸", "B": "乙酰乙酸", "C": "胆汁酸", "D": "琥珀酰CoA"}, "answer": "乙酰乙酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "Addison病患者每天食盐摄入量应大于(  )。", "options": {"A": "40g", "B": "50g", "C": "30~40g", "D": "8~10g"}, "answer": "8~10g", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,55岁。饮酒后不能自行排尿4小时急诊住院,体检见耻骨上包块,有轻压痛。1.该患者最可能的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "前列腺增生", "B": "尿道狭窄", "C": "尿道结石", "D": "尿道肿瘤"}, "answer": "前列腺增生", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对非特异投射系统的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "与皮层的各层神经元形成突触联系", "B": "不能单独激发皮层神经元放电", "C": "切断非特异投射系统的动物仍保持清醒", "D": "不引起特异感觉"}, "answer": "切断非特异投射系统的动物仍保持清醒", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "高处坠落致脊髓损伤的患者,来院后哪一项检查最能准确地确定脊髓损伤的平面(  )。", "options": {"A": "检查肢体的运动", "B": "检查感觉平面", "C": "检查肢体的温度", "D": "MRI检查"}, "answer": "MRI检查", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "体格发育正常的1岁小儿,体重9kg、头围46cm、身高75cm,其胸围最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "32cm", "B": "34cm", "C": "46cm", "D": "48cm"}, "answer": "46cm", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一青年,突然寒战,咳嗽,咳铁锈色痰,肺部胸透见大片致密阴影,应诊为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺结核", "B": "慢性支气管炎急性发作", "C": "肺癌", "D": "大叶性肺炎"}, "answer": "大叶性肺炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "动脉血PCO2在40~60mmHg范围内升高时,呼吸运动的改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "幅度变深,频率变快", "B": "幅度变浅,频率变快", "C": "幅度变深,频率变慢", "D": "幅度变深,频率不变"}, "answer": "幅度变深,频率变快", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "记录神经纤维动作电位时,加入选择性离子通道阻断剂河豚毒,会出现什么结果?(  )", "options": {"A": "静息电位变大", "B": "静息电位变小", "C": "去极相不出现", "D": "超射不出现"}, "answer": "去极相不出现", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "11个月婴儿发热、剧烈呕吐,嗜睡、烦躁交替出现,惊厥1次。前囟膨隆,右侧鼻唇沟变浅,颈项强直。其母患有肺结核。2.小儿结核性脑膜炎的早期诊断依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核中毒症状、呕吐,颅神经受损,脑脊液改变", "B": "结核中毒症状、呕吐,性情改变,脑脊液改变", "C": "结核中毒症状、呕吐,惊厥,脑脊液改变", "D": "结核中毒症状、呕吐,意识模糊,脑脊液改变"}, "answer": "结核中毒症状、呕吐,性情改变,脑脊液改变", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于运动神经系统的说法,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "锥体系统由上下两级运动神经元组成", "B": "运动神经元病变时既可有肌张力增高,又可有肌张力减低", "C": "双侧皮质脊髓束受损可引起假性球麻痹", "D": "痉挛性瘫痪时也可引起肌肉萎缩"}, "answer": "双侧皮质脊髓束受损可引起假性球麻痹", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于肾功能损害患者手术的叙述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾功能损害程度可根据肌酐清除率和血尿素氮测定值判断", "B": "轻度肾功能损害的病人,经适当的内科治疗后可以较好的耐受手术", "C": "中度肾功能损害的病人,经过内科治疗也可耐受手术", "D": "重度肾功能受损的病人,不能安全的耐受手术"}, "answer": "重度肾功能受损的病人,不能安全的耐受手术", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "代谢性酸中毒是(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性HCO3-减少", "B": "原发性H2CO3增多", "C": "继发性HCO3-减少", "D": "继发性H2CO3减少"}, "answer": "原发性HCO3-减少", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,65岁。多关节肿痛2年,晨僵约1小时,查体:双手掌指关节对称性肿胀,压痛。双手X线片:双侧第2、3掌指关节骨破坏。该疾病主要的治疗药物不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "羟氯喹", "B": "来氟米特", "C": "甲氨蝶呤", "D": "别嘌醇"}, "answer": "别嘌醇", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,66岁,急性前壁心肌梗死2天,轻微活动即喘憋。查体:BP 100/60mmHg,双肺底可闻及少量细小湿啰音。心率102次/分。该患者心功能分级为(  )。", "options": {"A": "Killip分级Ⅱ级", "B": "Killip分级Ⅲ级", "C": "NYHA分级Ⅲ级", "D": "Killip分级Ⅰ级"}, "answer": "Killip分级Ⅱ级", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性乳房炎脓肿未形成前,主要治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用广谱抗生素", "B": "局部注射抗生素", "C": "切开引流", "D": "局部热敷"}, "answer": "切开引流", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "治疗心源性哮喘宜选用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "去甲肾上腺素", "B": "异丙肾上腺素", "C": "哌替啶", "D": "多巴胺"}, "answer": "哌替啶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不是结核分枝杆菌的生物学性状的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗酸染色阳性,呈红色", "B": "生长缓慢,18~24小时繁殖一代", "C": "耐热,耐紫外线", "D": "在罗氏培养基上的菌落粗糙,可呈菜花状"}, "answer": "耐热,耐紫外线", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,75岁,反复咳嗽、咳痰、喘息30年,活动后气短2年,加重1周。既往高血压病史25年,吸烟史30年,平均1包/d,已戒烟2年,查体:R 22次/min,双肺呼吸音低,偶可闻及干鸣音。双下肺可闻及少许湿性啰音。2.下列检查对诊断意义最大(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部HRCT", "B": "肺功能", "C": "超声心动图", "D": "胸部X线"}, "answer": "肺功能", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胰蛋白酶在刚被胰腺细胞合成时,以无活性的胰蛋白酶原形式存在。可以在十二指肠激活胰蛋白酶原的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氨基肽酶", "B": "肠激酶", "C": "羧基肽酶", "D": "K+"}, "answer": "肠激酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "槟榔肝的典型病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝小叶结构破坏", "B": "肝细胞坏死", "C": "门静脉分支扩张淤血", "D": "肝血窦扩张淤血,肝细胞脂肪变性"}, "answer": "肝血窦扩张淤血,肝细胞脂肪变性", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,52岁。突发呼吸困难4小时。既往糖尿病、高血压病史10年。查体:R 32次/分,BP 100/70mmHg,颈静脉怒张,双肺呼吸音清晰,未闻及干湿性啰音。心率105次/分,P2>A2。行CTPA示右下肺动脉内充盈缺损。该患者宜采取的治疗措施首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服华法林", "B": "静脉滴注rt-PA", "C": "肺动脉内注射尿激酶", "D": "皮下注射低分子肝素"}, "answer": "肺动脉内注射尿激酶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.急性失血时尿量减少的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球毛细血管血压下降", "B": "肾小球滤过总面积减小", "C": "滤过膜通透性减小", "D": "囊内压升高"}, "answer": "肾小球毛细血管血压下降", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.可以参加执业助理医师资格考试的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "有医学专业本科学历,在保健机构试用期满6个月", "B": "有医学专业本科学历,在医疗机构试用期满1年", "C": "有医学专业专科学历,取得执业助理医师执业证书后,在预防机构工作满1年", "D": "有中等专业学校医学专科学历,在预防机构试用期满1年"}, "answer": "有中等专业学校医学专科学历,在预防机构试用期满1年", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "X线胸片诊断慢性肺源性心脏病的主要依据,下列哪项不符合?(  )", "options": {"A": "右心室扩大", "B": "肺动脉段突出,其高度≥5mm", "C": "右下肺动脉干横径≥15mm", "D": "右下肺动脉干横径与气管横径之比≥1.07"}, "answer": "肺动脉段突出,其高度≥5mm", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.肝病出血倾向(  )。", "options": {"A": "消耗性凝血障碍", "B": "某些凝血因子合成减少", "C": "血管壁变态反应", "D": "抗凝物质合成增多"}, "answer": "某些凝血因子合成减少", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "十二指肠降段腹膜后部分外伤性破裂典型临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全腹痛,明显腹膜刺激征,移动性浊音(+)", "B": "全腹痛,明显腹膜刺激征,肝浊音界消失", "C": "右下腹和腰背部痛,明显腹膜刺激征,肝浊音界消失", "D": "右上腹和腰背部痛,无明显腹膜刺激征"}, "answer": "右上腹和腰背部痛,无明显腹膜刺激征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,6个月,咳喘3天入院,下午突然喘憋加重,口唇发绀,鼻翼扇动。查体:呼吸80次/分,三凹征阳性,两肺闻及广泛哮鸣音,右肺底闻及少许小水泡音。血白细胞4.0×109/L,淋巴细胞占0.6。胸部正位片,见少量点片状影及肺气肿。2.该患者最易出现的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心力衰竭", "B": "代谢性酸中毒", "C": "脓气胸", "D": "脓胸"}, "answer": "心力衰竭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男孩,15个月,单纯母乳喂养,不愿进辅食,其母不吃肉类、鱼类食品,近1个月面色渐苍黄,目光呆滞,肝肋下2.5cm,脾未及,伸手时手有震颤,Hb 90g/L,RBC 2.05×1012/L。3.该患儿未查出病因前的最佳治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素B12叶酸", "B": "铁剂、维生素C、维生素B12", "C": "泼尼松、维生素B12叶酸、铁剂", "D": "维生素B12镇静剂、铁剂、维生素C"}, "answer": "维生素B12镇静剂、铁剂、维生素C", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "交叉性感觉障碍的病变水平位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "中脑上丘", "B": "桥脑", "C": "延髓", "D": "颈髓"}, "answer": "延髓", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.胆总管远端单发1.0cm嵌顿结石目前常用的术式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆总管切开,T管引流术", "B": "肝内胆管空肠吻合术", "C": "胆总管切开,胆总管空肠Y型吻合术", "D": "奥狄括约肌切开成形术"}, "answer": "奥狄括约肌切开成形术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿重型腹泻最易发生的酸碱平衡紊乱是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸性酸中毒", "B": "代谢性酸中毒", "C": "代谢性碱中毒", "D": "代谢性酸中毒合并呼吸性酸中毒"}, "answer": "代谢性酸中毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "8个月男孩,母乳喂养,未加辅食,生后6个月内生长发育良好,2个月来面色黄、反应呆滞。查体:面色蜡黄,嗜睡,舌震颤,心肺无异常,肝肋下3cm,腱反射亢进,踝阵挛阳性。1.最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "缺铁性贫血", "B": "营养性巨幼细胞性贫血", "C": "混合性贫血", "D": "再生障碍性贫血"}, "answer": "营养性巨幼细胞性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "成年女性,半年前发现左乳外上象限有一无痛性肿块,近期生长快,直径约5cm。术后病理检查:肿物色灰白,质脆,界限不清。镜下瘤细胞排列成实性团片状,瘤细胞量与间质量大致相等,瘤细胞异型性明显,呈浸润性生长。该病理诊断应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺粉刺样癌", "B": "乳腺硬癌", "C": "乳腺不典型髓样癌", "D": "乳腺单纯癌"}, "answer": "乳腺单纯癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在为一名强迫症病人的治疗中,医生鼓励病人回忆从童年起所遭受的精神创伤与挫折,帮助他重新认识,建立起现实性的健康心理,这种疗法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "移情", "B": "自由联想", "C": "系统脱敏", "D": "自我调节"}, "answer": "自由联想", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于胺碘酮的叙述,下列哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "降低窦房结和普肯耶纤维的自律性", "B": "减慢普肯耶纤维和房室结的传导速度", "C": "延长心房和普肯耶纤维的动作电位时程、有效不应期", "D": "对α、β受体无阻断作用"}, "answer": "对α、β受体无阻断作用", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者发热,无力,食欲减退,腹痛,以左下腹明显,腹泻早期稀便,大便次数增多后转为黏液脓血便,并有里急后重,应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性胃肠炎", "B": "急性细菌性痢疾", "C": "肠伤寒", "D": "肠阿米巴痢疾"}, "answer": "急性细菌性痢疾", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "P2减低,提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "右向左分流型先心", "B": "左向右分流型先心", "C": "无分流型先心", "D": "肺动脉狭窄"}, "answer": "肺动脉狭窄", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,60岁。因慢性肾功能不全入院。血生化检查:K+ 6.5mmol/L,Na+ 136mmol/L,Ca2+ 2.1mmol/L,CO2CP 25mmol/L。心电图示T波高尖。下列处理不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静滴碳酸氢钠溶液", "B": "应用氨苯蝶啶快速利尿", "C": "停用含钾药物", "D": "静滴葡萄糖和胰岛素"}, "answer": "应用氨苯蝶啶快速利尿", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,47岁,某科研单位工作。近2年来经常性头痛、头晕,休息后减轻。门诊检查:一般状况良好,血、尿、肝功能均在正常范围,血压130/95mmHg,胸透、腹部B超无异常发现。对该患者最应考虑是哪种疾病(  )。", "options": {"A": "冠心病", "B": "糖尿病", "C": "高血压病", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "高血压病", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,68岁。突发上腹阵发性绞痛2小时,短时间内寒战、高热,小便呈浓茶样,随后嗜睡。查体:T 39.6℃,P 128次/分,R 30次/分,BP 80/50mmHg。神志不清,躁动,巩膜黄染,右上腹肌紧张,有压痛和反跳痛。3.急症手术最有效的手术方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆总管切开减压术", "B": "腹腔镜胆囊切除术", "C": "胆囊造瘘术", "D": "胆总管空肠吻合术"}, "answer": "胆总管切开减压术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,60岁。胸闷、气促2周。查体:吸气时BP 85/60mmHg,呼气时BP 100/75mmHg,心尖搏动减弱,心界向两侧扩大,心率125次/分,律齐。心音低钝、遥远,心脏各瓣膜区来闻及杂音。2.最有助于确诊的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部X线片", "B": "动态血压监测", "C": "超声心动图", "D": "肺功能"}, "answer": "超声心动图", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "典型支气管哮喘发作时最主要的临床表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼气性呼吸困难,双肺哮鸣音", "B": "端坐呼吸,双肺密布中小水泡音", "C": "呼气性呼吸困难,双肺散在干、湿啰音", "D": "进行性呼吸困难,肺部局限性哮鸣音"}, "answer": "呼气性呼吸困难,双肺哮鸣音", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,31岁。咳嗽、咳脓痰、间断咯血10年。近5天来受凉后咳痰加剧伴咯血。2.该患者抗感染治疗首选的抗生素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氨苄西林", "B": "头孢他啶", "C": "青霉素", "D": "阿米卡星"}, "answer": "氨苄西林", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肺炎球菌膜多糖免疫家兔出现的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "产生大量的IgG", "B": "诱导细胞免疫和体液免疫液免疫", "C": "产生大量的IgM", "D": "发生迟发型超敏反应炎症"}, "answer": "产生大量的IgM", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,外伤后失血,血压80/56mmHg,脉率130次/分,估计失血量达(  )。", "options": {"A": "400~600mL", "B": "650~750mL", "C": "800~1600mL", "D": "1600~2000mL"}, "answer": "800~1600mL", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.躯体内部产生的不舒服的异样感觉,性质、部位往往描述不清(  )。", "options": {"A": "幻觉", "B": "妄想", "C": "内感性不适", "D": "感知综合障碍"}, "answer": "内感性不适", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "能够与肥大细胞结合的Ig是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgA", "B": "IgG", "C": "IgM", "D": "IgE"}, "answer": "IgE", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于流产的定义,下列哪项是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "妊娠<28周,胎儿体重<1000g", "B": "妊娠<20周,胎儿体重<500g", "C": "妊娠20~27周,胎儿体重<500g", "D": "妊娠20~27周,胎儿体重<1000g"}, "answer": "妊娠<28周,胎儿体重<1000g", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某心性水肿患者,用地高辛和氢氯噻嗪治疗,2周后患者出现多源性室性期前收缩(早搏),主要是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "低血钾", "B": "低血钙", "C": "低血钠", "D": "低氯碱血症"}, "answer": "低血钾", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有关心理社会因素对心身疾病的影响,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "紧张和竞争剧烈的社会生活方式易导致心血管疾病、车祸和自杀", "B": "心理因素必须通过生理的中介才能引起心身疾病", "C": "心理因素主要有个体的人格,情绪,认知、评价方式和应对方式等", "D": "人格在心身疾病的发生、发展和病程的转归上作用最大"}, "answer": "人格在心身疾病的发生、发展和病程的转归上作用最大", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,55岁。慢性乙型肝炎病史15年,乏力、间断下肢水肿5年。腹泻4天,发热、腹胀、尿少3天。查体:全腹压痛,移动性浊音阳性。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性细菌性痢疾", "B": "急性肾功能衰竭", "C": "自发性腹膜炎", "D": "肝癌"}, "answer": "自发性腹膜炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,63岁,平素体健,被车撞伤,左髋部肿痛。拍片提示:左股骨颈头下型骨折,治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "下肢骨牵引", "B": "髋人字石膏托固定", "C": "下肢皮牵引", "D": "人工股骨头置换术"}, "answer": "人工股骨头置换术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "单侧多根多处肋骨骨折最严重的生理改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸壁软化,反常呼吸", "B": "咳嗽,血痰", "C": "疼痛", "D": "出血,休克"}, "answer": "胸壁软化,反常呼吸", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,65岁。发作性左胸痛5年,疼痛放射至左肩,发作持续3~4分钟,休息后可缓解。今日下午劳动时突发晕厥急诊。查体:BP 90/50mmHg,神清,心率140次/分,主动脉瓣区可闻及收缩期喷射样杂音伴震颤,杂音向颈部传导,双肺呼吸音清。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压病", "B": "主动脉扩张", "C": "主动脉瓣狭窄", "D": "主动脉瓣关闭不全"}, "answer": "主动脉瓣狭窄", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性呼吸窘迫综合征最重要的临床特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸困难和体位无关", "B": "呼吸频率显著增加", "C": "顽固性低氧血症", "D": "混合型呼吸困难"}, "answer": "顽固性低氧血症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "氯丙嗪治疗精神分裂症时最常见的不良反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "过敏反应", "B": "直立性低血压", "C": "锥体外系反应", "D": "消化系统症状"}, "answer": "锥体外系反应", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.女,14岁,因肺炎需注射青霉素,结果皮试反应呈强阳性,这属于药物的(  )。", "options": {"A": "副作用", "B": "毒性反应", "C": "停药反应", "D": "变态反应"}, "answer": "变态反应", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "月经周期规则,末次月经2002年1月28日,预产期应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2002年11月1日", "B": "2002年11月2日", "C": "2002年11月3日", "D": "2002年11月4日"}, "answer": "2002年11月4日", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,30岁,11月中旬发病,发热,全身痛,尿少,入院时发病5天。查体可见面部充血,结膜出血,皮下可见瘀点、瘀斑,经化验检查,最后确诊为肾综合征出血热。2.哪一脏器的出血危险性最大?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑", "B": "肺", "C": "肾", "D": "心房"}, "answer": "脑", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "视乳头水肿在临床诊断颅内病变时的意义是(  )。", "options": {"A": "无视乳头水肿,可排除颅内占位病变", "B": "视乳头水肿,对颅内占位病变性质有鉴别价值", "C": "无视乳头水肿,可排除颅内压增高", "D": "视乳头水肿,是颅内压增高的重要体征之一"}, "answer": "视乳头水肿,是颅内压增高的重要体征之一", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,32岁。反复饥饿性上腹痛5年,疼痛多在餐前,进食后缓解,近段时间上腹痛加剧,并向背部放射。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "十二指肠球炎", "B": "胃溃疡", "C": "十二指肠球前壁溃疡", "D": "十二指肠球后壁溃疡"}, "answer": "十二指肠球后壁溃疡", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,27岁,皮肤反复出紫癜半年来诊。体检:巩膜无黄染,胸骨无压痛,肝脾未触及,血红蛋白100g/L,白细胞3.8×109/L,分类淋巴细胞占60%,中性粒细胞40%,血小板40×109/L,骨髓象增生活跃,粒系占28%,红系占10%,淋巴系占52%,成熟浆细胞7%,组织嗜碱细胞3%,巨核细胞2个,无病态造血,Ham试验(-),网织红细胞0.8%。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "特发性血小板减少性紫癜", "B": "阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿", "C": "脾功能亢进", "D": "再生障碍性贫血"}, "answer": "再生障碍性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在下述双链DNA序列(仅列出其中一条链序列)中不属于完全回文结构的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "AGAATTCT", "B": "TGAATTCA", "C": "GGAATTCC", "D": "CGTTAAGC"}, "answer": "CGTTAAGC", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某村卫生室私自从“不法药贩”处购入药品用于患者的治疗,险些造成患者死亡。事发后,经有关部门调查、检测,认定该药品为假药。该认定依据的事实是(  )。", "options": {"A": "药品标签未标明有效期", "B": "药品擅自添加着色剂", "C": "药品超过有效期", "D": "药品所含成分与国家药品标准规定的成分不符"}, "answer": "药品所含成分与国家药品标准规定的成分不符", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女孩儿,3岁。因发现双下肢畸形来诊。查体:T 36.5℃,P 100次/分。轻度肋缘外翻,双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心律齐,腹软,无压痛。上下肢呈O型。可见手足镯,骨骼X线检查示佝偻病活动期表现。实验室检查:血钙正常,血磷低,尿磷增加,血碱性磷酸酶增高,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病", "B": "维生素D依赖性佝偻病", "C": "肾性佝偻病", "D": "低血磷抗维生素D佝偻病"}, "answer": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1岁小儿营养性贫血时肝脾肿大多由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "铁和维生素B12缺乏", "B": "营养不良", "C": "心力衰竭", "D": "骨髓外造血"}, "answer": "骨髓外造血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "F药厂销售代表和某医院多名医师约定,医师在处方时使用F药厂生产的药品,并按使用量的多少给予提成。事情曝光以后,按《药品管理法》的规定,对F药厂可以作出行政处罚的部门是(  )。", "options": {"A": "药品监督管理部门", "B": "工商行政管理部门", "C": "医疗保险部门", "D": "卫生行政部门"}, "answer": "药品监督管理部门", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心肌的异长调节通过改变下述哪个因素调节心脏的泵血功能?(  )", "options": {"A": "肌小节初长", "B": "心肌收缩能力", "C": "肌浆游离Ca2+浓度", "D": "肌钙蛋白活性"}, "answer": "肌小节初长", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "红细胞生成素(EPO)的产生部位主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝", "B": "肾", "C": "脾", "D": "血液"}, "answer": "肾", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性肾功能不全继发甲状旁腺功能亢进最主要的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血肌酐增高", "B": "血磷升高", "C": "维生素D减少", "D": "血氨升高"}, "answer": "维生素D减少", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.婴儿期可出现肺动脉高压的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "室间隔缺损", "B": "房间隔缺损", "C": "动脉导管未闭", "D": "完全性大动脉错位"}, "answer": "室间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心室肌细胞动作电位持续时间长的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1期复极时程长", "B": "0期去极时程长", "C": "2期复极时程长", "D": "3期复极时程长"}, "answer": "2期复极时程长", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.胚胎期母亲食物中缺乏碘可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "呆小症", "B": "粘液水肿", "C": "肢端肥大症", "D": "巨人症"}, "answer": "呆小症", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.幼儿急疹的病原体(  )。", "options": {"A": "柯萨奇A组病毒", "B": "人疱疹病毒6型", "C": "呼吸道合胞病毒", "D": "轮状病毒"}, "answer": "人疱疹病毒6型", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肋骨骨折多发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "1~3肋", "B": "3~4肋", "C": "4~7肋", "D": "8~10肋"}, "answer": "4~7肋", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "已婚女性,25岁,急诊入院时已处于休克状态。检查;腹部膨隆。妇科检查:后穹隆饱满,子宫软,正常大小,有漂浮感,双附件触诊不满意。3.首先的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "给予大量止血剂", "B": "边抗休克边剖腹探查", "C": "边抗休克边清宫", "D": "急抗休克,待休克好转后清宫"}, "answer": "边抗休克边剖腹探查", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "神经内分泌组织指(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经垂体", "B": "下丘脑", "C": "垂体门脉系统", "D": "鞍区的颅咽管组织"}, "answer": "下丘脑", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肝性脑病注射支链氨基酸的主要作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "减少肠道内氨的形成和吸收", "B": "纠正氨基酸不平衡", "C": "降低门静脉压力", "D": "纠正电解质紊乱"}, "answer": "纠正氨基酸不平衡", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,男,10岁,发热20余天,伴游走性关节疼痛,抗“O”≥500U,临床诊断为风湿性关节炎。引起此病的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎链球菌", "B": "A族β溶血性链球菌", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "D": "肺炎支原体"}, "answer": "A族β溶血性链球菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,25岁,给丈夫回信:“XX:你好,冰天雪地,身体好吗?春暖花开了,你应该努力工作,汽车老在公路上……”此症状属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "思维破裂", "B": "思维奔逸", "C": "思维黏滞", "D": "病理性赘述"}, "answer": "思维破裂", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿收缩压的推算公式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "年龄×2+60mmHg", "B": "年龄×2+70mmHg", "C": "年龄×2+80mmHg", "D": "年龄×2+90mmHg"}, "answer": "年龄×2+80mmHg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对鉴别上、下消化道出血有帮助的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大便潜血阳性", "B": "血尿素氮升高", "C": "血肌酐升高", "D": "血色素下降"}, "answer": "血尿素氮升高", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪一项骨折为稳定性骨折?(  )", "options": {"A": "股骨干的横骨折", "B": "单一桡骨干的斜骨折", "C": "伸直型肱骨髁上骨折", "D": "尺、桡骨双骨的青枝骨折"}, "answer": "尺、桡骨双骨的青枝骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,62岁。吸烟3年,咳嗽、咳痰6年余,近1年来出现喘息,时轻时重,双肺散在干湿啰音及喘鸣音,痰涂片见大量中性粒细胞,下列哪项诊断可能性最大?(  )", "options": {"A": "慢性支气管炎", "B": "支气管哮喘", "C": "肺间质纤维化", "D": "支气管扩张症"}, "answer": "慢性支气管炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "偏头痛的预防性治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "咖啡因麦角胺", "B": "苯噻啶", "C": "小剂量阿司匹林", "D": "消炎痛"}, "answer": "苯噻啶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.上述哪项在胎儿体内合成最早(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgG", "B": "IgM", "C": "sIgA", "D": "IgE"}, "answer": "IgM", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性支气管炎的病变不包括下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "黏膜上皮磷化", "B": "支气管内有大量泡沫细胞", "C": "支气管壁有大量慢性炎症细胞浸润", "D": "支气管软骨变性萎缩"}, "answer": "支气管内有大量泡沫细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,25岁,宫颈管分泌物中间中性粒细胞内有革兰阴性双球菌,首选的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多西环素", "B": "青霉素", "C": "红霉素", "D": "头孢曲松"}, "answer": "头孢曲松", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.Ⅳ期淋巴瘤(  )。", "options": {"A": "病变仅限于一个解剖部位", "B": "病变累及右侧颈、腋下和腹股沟淋巴结", "C": "病变累及左腋下淋巴结及肝脏", "D": "病变累及右锁骨上淋巴结和左腋下,并伴有高热"}, "answer": "病变累及左腋下淋巴结及肝脏", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不符合小叶性肺炎临床特点的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "多为混合感染", "B": "多发生于青壮年", "C": "肺部体征不太明显", "D": "预后较差"}, "answer": "多发生于青壮年", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1岁半小儿,发热、恶心、呕吐、排黏液脓血便3天,下列可能性最小的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "产毒性大肠杆菌肠炎", "B": "侵袭性大肠杆菌肠炎", "C": "空肠弯曲菌肠炎", "D": "鼠伤寒沙门菌小肠结肠炎"}, "answer": "产毒性大肠杆菌肠炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医生甲因犯盗窃罪被判处有期徒刑2年,缓刑3年,1999年6月27日缓刑期满。从缓刑期满之日起。医生甲不予执业医师注册的期限是(  )。", "options": {"A": "6个月内", "B": "10~12个月内", "C": "2年内", "D": "3年内"}, "answer": "2年内", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "反映主动脉压和肺动脉压的高低的是哪项心音的强弱?(  )", "options": {"A": "第三心音", "B": "第二心音", "C": "第一心音", "D": "第一、三心音"}, "answer": "第二心音", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新生儿败血症的主要治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "碳酸氢钠", "B": "地塞米松", "C": "头孢他啶", "D": "地高辛"}, "answer": "头孢他啶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不符合肝淤血的病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肉眼下呈槟榔状", "B": "肝窦扩张", "C": "肝细胞萎缩、脂肪变性", "D": "肝细胞大片状坏死"}, "answer": "肝细胞大片状坏死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "颅内压增高“三主症”包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "头痛,呕吐,偏瘫", "B": "头痛,抽搐,意识障碍", "C": "头痛,呕吐,视乳头水肿", "D": "头痛,呕吐,血压增高"}, "answer": "头痛,呕吐,视乳头水肿", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "根据《医疗事故处理条例》,患者一方向卫生行政部门提出医疗事故争议处理申请的期限为自知道或应当知道发生人身损害之日起(  )。", "options": {"A": "3个月内", "B": "6个月内", "C": "1年内", "D": "2年内"}, "answer": "1年内", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "人类的MHC定位的染色体(  )。", "options": {"A": "第17号染色体", "B": "第2号染色体", "C": "第15号染色体", "D": "第6号染色体"}, "answer": "第6号染色体", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项为脑出血最常见的原因?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑动脉炎", "B": "高血压和脑动脉硬化", "C": "血液病", "D": "脑动脉瘤"}, "answer": "高血压和脑动脉硬化", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "23岁农民,因高热、全身肌肉酸痛7天,黄疸2天入院。查体:结膜充血,巩膜轻度黄疸,肝肋下1.Ocm,脾不大。血象:Wl3C 8.3×109/L,N 0.72,L 0.28;尿蛋白(+);总胆红素60μmol/L,ALT350U/L:肥达反应“0”1:40,H:1:320;凝集溶解试验1:400;外斐反应OX1:80。根据以上资料考虑是下列哪一种疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "斑疹伤寒", "B": "伤寒", "C": "钩端螺旋体病", "D": "急性黄疸型肝炎"}, "answer": "钩端螺旋体病", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为伤寒病理学的主要特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "心肌坏死", "B": "骨髓受抑制", "C": "全身单核-吞噬细胞系统的增生性反应", "D": "肝细胞广泛坏死"}, "answer": "全身单核-吞噬细胞系统的增生性反应", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "辅酶与辅基的差别在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "辅酶与酶共价结合,辅基则不是", "B": "辅酶参与酶反应,辅基则不参与", "C": "辅酶为小分子有机物,辅基常为无机物", "D": "经透析方法可使辅酶与酶蛋白分离,辅基则不能"}, "answer": "经透析方法可使辅酶与酶蛋白分离,辅基则不能", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "新生儿轻度窒息,Apgar评分标准为(  )。", "options": {"A": "0~3分", "B": "3~5分", "C": "4~7分", "D": "6~9分"}, "answer": "4~7分", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在小儿下呼吸道解剖组织特点中,以下错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "黏膜纤毛运动差,不能很好地排出微生物", "B": "肺脏弹力组织发育差,血管丰富", "C": "肺泡数量少,含气量相对较少", "D": "喉呈漏斗状,喉腔狭窄"}, "answer": "喉呈漏斗状,喉腔狭窄", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某山区一妇女育有3个子女,生活贫困,长期从事重体力劳动。近期感觉头昏、乏力、腿部水肿,去医院检查:血清白蛋白28g/L,铁蛋白20μg/L。在下列食物中,建议该妇女多吃的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红薯", "B": "绿叶菜", "C": "大米", "D": "豆类及其制品"}, "answer": "豆类及其制品", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,31岁。乏力、皮肤颜色变黑2年,1周前受凉后出现恶心、呕吐。血Na+ 120mmol/L,血K+ 5.8mmol/L。可能的病变部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺", "B": "肾脏", "C": "垂体前叶", "D": "下丘脑"}, "answer": "肾上腺", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,19岁。近3个月至少每周2次因情绪波动而暴饮暴食,每次摄入常人4~5倍的量,无法自控,过后又担心发胖采用催吐的方法将食物全部吐出,暴食后出现内疚自责,甚至自杀观念,体重无明显下降。该患者的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经性贪食", "B": "神经性呕吐", "C": "神经性厌食", "D": "抑郁发作"}, "answer": "神经性贪食", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,50岁。进行性呼吸困难1年余。查体:BP 125/80mmHg,P2>A2。未闻及杂音,双下肢无水肿,病变部X线片示肺动脉段膨隆,CTPA示双肺动脉分支可见多处充盈缺损,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性肺血栓栓塞", "B": "结节性多动脉炎", "C": "特发性肺动脉高压", "D": "原发性系统性血管炎"}, "answer": "慢性肺血栓栓塞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在心动周期中,心室充盈主要依靠(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸腔大静脉收缩", "B": "心室舒张引起的低压抽吸", "C": "胸膜腔负压抽吸", "D": "心包的周期性扩张"}, "answer": "心室舒张引起的低压抽吸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿1岁半,发热4天,热退后全身出现红色斑丘疹。其诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "风疹", "B": "幼儿急疹", "C": "麻疹", "D": "水痘"}, "answer": "幼儿急疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,23岁。发热、咽痛、乏力、恶心1周。体检:肝肋下I.0cm,脾肋下刚及。化验:外周血白细胞5.6×109/L,中性粒细胞0.62,淋巴细胞0.38,血红蛋白120g/L,血清TBIL 6μmol/L、DBIL 62.4μmol/L,ALT 200U/L。应考虑诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "溶血性黄疸", "B": "急性黄疸型肝炎", "C": "急性重型肝炎", "D": "淤胆型肝炎"}, "answer": "急性黄疸型肝炎", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "临产后,不宜灌肠的情况为(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫口1cm", "B": "无阴道出血", "C": "前次剖宫产史", "D": "心功能Ⅰ级"}, "answer": "前次剖宫产史", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.女,31岁,左腕关节疼痛1个月,左腕桡侧有局限性压痛,Finkelstein试验阳性,诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "髌骨软化症", "B": "颈椎病", "C": "肩周炎", "D": "桡骨茎突狭窄性腱鞘炎"}, "answer": "桡骨茎突狭窄性腱鞘炎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.上述哪项是只有一种核酸类型的微生物?(  )", "options": {"A": "衣原体", "B": "病毒", "C": "支原体", "D": "螺旋体"}, "answer": "病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.生后2个月时应接种的疫苗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙肝疫苗", "B": "麻疹疫苗", "C": "脊髓灰质炎疫苗", "D": "自百破疫苗"}, "answer": "脊髓灰质炎疫苗", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女婴,5天,发热昏迷入院,皮肤黄染,囟门饱满,病理反射阳性,脑脊液有大量中性粒细胞,应首先选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯霉素", "B": "头孢哌酮", "C": "磺胺嘧啶", "D": "青霉素G"}, "answer": "氯霉素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在I型超敏反应中起负反馈调节作用的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "嗜酸粒细胞", "B": "肥大细胞", "C": "中性粒细胞", "D": "嗜碱粒细胞"}, "answer": "嗜酸粒细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "抗癫痫药物治疗癫痫的原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量、突击、静脉用药", "B": "按发作类型短期用药,随时改变品种", "C": "按发作类型长期、规则用药", "D": "长期、规则用药,禁酒"}, "answer": "按发作类型长期、规则用药", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.一个昏迷病人被送到医院,医生对他进行处理,这种医患关系属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动-被动型", "B": "共同参与型", "C": "强制-被动型", "D": "指导-参与型"}, "answer": "主动-被动型", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.人类B细胞分化成熟的场所(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓", "B": "胸腺", "C": "脾脏", "D": "法氏囊"}, "answer": "骨髓", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于高血压病的叙述下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "常引起左心肥大", "B": "可引起小动脉硬化性萎缩肾", "C": "脑出血为常见致死原因", "D": "常引起下肢坏疽"}, "answer": "常引起下肢坏疽", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "胫骨易发生骨折的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上端干骺端部位", "B": "横切面是四边形部位", "C": "横切面三棱与四边形移行部位", "D": "踝上部位"}, "answer": "横切面三棱与四边形移行部位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是刺激胰岛素分泌的最主要因素?(  )", "options": {"A": "迷走神经兴奋", "B": "血糖浓度升高", "C": "血氨基酸浓度升高", "D": "胰高血糖素释放"}, "answer": "血糖浓度升高", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于女性生殖道的生理防御机制,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫颈内口紧闭以及宫颈管有黏液栓利于防止上行感染", "B": "阴道正常情况下为弱碱性环境", "C": "卵巢分泌的孕激素使阴道上皮增厚并富含糖原", "D": "正常阴道菌群中不包含支原体和念珠菌"}, "answer": "宫颈内口紧闭以及宫颈管有黏液栓利于防止上行感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "执行脑死亡标准的伦理意义不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "弥补传统的死亡标准的不足", "B": "有利于科学地判断死亡", "C": "更体现了对生命的尊重", "D": "直接地达到开展器官移植的目的"}, "answer": "直接地达到开展器官移植的目的", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "H.Temin对中心法则的补充内容是(  )。", "options": {"A": "翻译", "B": "逆转录", "C": "DNA复制", "D": "RNA复制"}, "answer": "逆转录", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列产褥期临床表现与处理不正确的星(  )。", "options": {"A": "产后10小时,体温37.9℃——观察", "B": "产后4小时尿潴留——诱导排尿", "C": "产后7天下腹痛——镇痛药止痛", "D": "产后3天会阴伤口化脓——拆线换药"}, "answer": "产后7天下腹痛——镇痛药止痛", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "重型颅脑损伤常见的致命性并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "压疮", "B": "消化道出血", "C": "尿路感染", "D": "肺炎"}, "answer": "肺炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.G蛋白游离的α亚基-GTP(  )。", "options": {"A": "使α-亚基与效应蛋白解离", "B": "具蛋白激酶C活性", "C": "具酪氨酸蛋白激酶活性", "D": "可激活腺苷酸环化酶"}, "answer": "可激活腺苷酸环化酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性颅内压增高的典型表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "意识障碍加深", "B": "Cushing征(即呼吸减慢、脉搏徐缓有力、血压升高三联征)", "C": "剧烈头痛,频繁呕吐", "D": "去大脑强直发作"}, "answer": "Cushing征(即呼吸减慢、脉搏徐缓有力、血压升高三联征)", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.对神经系统生长发育影响最大的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状旁腺激素", "B": "胰高血糖素", "C": "甲状腺激素", "D": "糖皮质激素"}, "answer": "甲状腺激素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "菌痢流行间歇期间的重要传染源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "轻症病人", "B": "急性期病人", "C": "急性恢复期病人", "D": "慢性病人和带菌者"}, "answer": "慢性病人和带菌者", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,25岁。腹痛、脓血便、发热2个月,大便10次/日,体温39℃。粪镜检及培养未见病原体。结肠镜检查示结肠弥漫分布的糜烂及浅溃疡。病理学提示重度慢性炎症。左氧氟沙星联合甲硝唑治疗1周症状无缓解。最适宜的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "泼尼松", "B": "柳氮磺吡啶", "C": "美沙拉嗪", "D": "美沙拉嗪联合美沙拉嗪栓"}, "answer": "泼尼松", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "紫外线对DNA的损伤主要是引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "磷酸二酯键断裂", "B": "嘧啶二聚体形成", "C": "碱基缺失", "D": "碱基置换"}, "answer": "嘧啶二聚体形成", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于特发性面神经麻痹,护理上应防止发生(  )。", "options": {"A": "面肌萎缩", "B": "面肌痉挛", "C": "上颌窦感染", "D": "角膜溃疡"}, "answer": "角膜溃疡", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,40岁。低热、乏力伴消瘦1个月,查体:右颈部锁骨下淋巴结肿大,CT示中纵隔伴右侧肺门实性肿物,纵隔淋巴结广泛肿大,血常规检查未见异常。2.确诊的最佳方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CT引导下细针穿刺活检", "B": "颈部淋巴结活检", "C": "肺部增强CT", "D": "剖胸探查"}, "answer": "颈部淋巴结活检", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪种消毒剂不属于氧化剂?(  )", "options": {"A": "0.3%过氧乙酸", "B": "3%过氧化氢", "C": "氯己定(洗必泰)", "D": "漂白粉"}, "answer": "氯己定(洗必泰)", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪一项不属于脑器质性精神障碍?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑炎伴发精神障碍", "B": "脑血管病所致精神障碍", "C": "躯体疾病所致精神障碍", "D": "癫痫伴发精神障碍"}, "answer": "躯体疾病所致精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,67岁,在导管室行冠脉介入治疗过程中突发心悸,气短,查体:BP 80/70mmHg,口唇无发绀,颈静脉怒张,心率90次/分,心律齐,心音低顿,奇脉,已停止冠脉介入治疗,还应立即采取的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉注射西地兰", "B": "心包穿刺抽液", "C": "呼吸机辅助呼吸", "D": "静脉滴注去甲肾上腺素"}, "answer": "心包穿刺抽液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "吡嗪酰胺主要作用于(  )。", "options": {"A": "巨噬细胞内的结核分枝杆菌", "B": "巨噬细胞外的结核分枝杆菌", "C": "巨噬细胞内酸性环境中的B菌群", "D": "巨噬细胞内碱性环境中的B菌群"}, "answer": "巨噬细胞内酸性环境中的B菌群", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女孩,1岁。腹泻4天。每日大便10余次,为蛋花汤水样便,伴呕吐、尿少。查体:T 38.5℃,前囟、眼窝凹陷,皮肤弹性差,四肢稍凉。实验室检查:血WBC 6.0×109/L,血Na+ 127mmol/L, K+ 3.7mmol/L,BE -15mmol/L。2.最可能的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "侵袭性大肠埃希菌", "B": "白色念珠菌", "C": "产毒性大肠埃希菌", "D": "轮状病毒"}, "answer": "轮状病毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列情形中,可以参加执业医师资格考试的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "有医学专科学历,在医疗机构中试用期满2年", "B": "有医学专科学历,在医疗机构中工作满1年", "C": "取得执业助理医师执业证书后,具有医学专科学历,在医疗机构中工作满2年", "D": "取得执业助理医师执业证书后,具有医学专科学历,在医疗机构中试用期满2年"}, "answer": "取得执业助理医师执业证书后,具有医学专科学历,在医疗机构中工作满2年", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,29岁,娱乐业从业人员,既往体健。近3月反复出现口腔黏膜白斑.涂片及培养均有白色念珠菌生长。体检:体温37℃,颈部、腋下及腹股沟均触及直径1cm左右淋巴结,无压痛,与周围组织无粘连。外周血白细胞4.2×109/L.中性粒细胞0.72。目前最有价值的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清补体C3水平检测", "B": "HIV抗体检测", "C": "骨髓穿刺检查", "D": "血清免疫球蛋白水平检测"}, "answer": "HIV抗体检测", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于合并急性左心衰竭的阵发性室上性心动过速,最佳治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉注射维拉帕米", "B": "置入起搏器", "C": "直流电复律", "D": "捶击复律"}, "answer": "直流电复律", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.支气管哮喘急性发作治疗,首选的支气管扩张剂(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸入短效β2受体激动剂", "B": "吸入长效β2受体激动剂", "C": "吸入短效抗胆碱能药物", "D": "吸入长效抗胆碱能药物"}, "answer": "吸入短效β2受体激动剂", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "突然晕倒,意识丧失,皮肤苍白,唇绀,大动脉搏动扪不到,呼吸停止,其原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑栓塞", "B": "急性左心衰竭", "C": "心脏性猝死", "D": "急性右心衰竭"}, "answer": "心脏性猝死", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1型糖尿病与2型糖尿病,最主要的区别在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "发生酮症酸中毒的倾向不同", "B": "对胰岛素的敏感性不同", "C": "胰岛素的基础水平与释放曲线不同", "D": "血糖稳定性不同"}, "answer": "胰岛素的基础水平与释放曲线不同", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,54岁,因数月来左臂震颤来门诊。患者左肘部于屈位时出现左手静止性的、快速的和规则的“搓丸”样震颤。检查在屈伸腕部时出现明显的齿轮样强直。两年后震颤加重,累及双臂。姿态强硬,很少眨眼。2.本综合征所见的强直与中枢性瘫痪所见的痉挛状态的区别在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "无“折刀”现象", "B": "腱反射正常", "C": "表现呈齿轮样强直", "D": "所有上述表现"}, "answer": "所有上述表现", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "11个月婴儿发热、剧烈呕吐,嗜睡、烦躁交替出现,惊厥1次。前囟膨隆,右侧鼻唇沟变浅,颈项强直。其母患有肺结核。4.若为该患儿进行腰椎穿刺术,其典型的脑脊液改变为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑脊液外观浑浊", "B": "蛋白和氯化物同时降低", "C": "脑脊液静置12~24小时,若蜘蛛网状薄膜形成,在此易检出结核菌", "D": "糖含量正常"}, "answer": "蛋白和氯化物同时降低", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,55岁,因患短肠综合征,予全胃肠外营养(TPN)治疗。应用1周时病人出现昏迷,但尿内无酮体。病人既往曾有空腹血糖高(10mmol/L)。2.哪项符合此病的发病机制?(  )", "options": {"A": "内源性胰岛素分泌不足", "B": "肾功能损害", "C": "输液导管细菌滋生", "D": "肝功能损害"}, "answer": "内源性胰岛素分泌不足", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "看到周围的人及动物、树木像木偶戏一样均变小了,这种现象是(  )。", "options": {"A": "错觉", "B": "人格解体", "C": "视物显大症", "D": "视物显小症"}, "answer": "视物显小症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,35岁,反复出现黏液脓血便3年。近1周来上述症状再发,伴有腹痛、里急后重、低热、乏力和膝关节痛。查体:轻度贫血貌,双小腿前侧可见结节性红斑,腹软,左下腹有压痛,未触及包块,肠鸣音活跃。化验:便常规有大量脓细胞和红细胞,血沉30mm/h。2.要确定诊断,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部B超", "B": "下消化道造影", "C": "钡剂灌肠", "D": "纤维结肠镜"}, "answer": "纤维结肠镜", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "伸直型桡骨下端骨折的畸形是(  )。", "options": {"A": "垂腕形", "B": "银叉形", "C": "爪形", "D": "僵硬形"}, "answer": "银叉形", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,25岁,外伤致胫腓骨骨折,小腿持续性剧烈疼痛。查体:左小腿中段淤血,肿胀严重,压痛明显,足背动脉搏动微弱,足背屈时疼痛剧烈。2.最有效的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "制动休息", "B": "消肿镇痛治疗", "C": "立即骨折复位", "D": "早期切开减压"}, "answer": "早期切开减压", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一存活多年的同种异体肾移植接受者的体内虽有供体Ⅲ人抗原表达却未发生明显的排斥反应,可能是因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "移植物已失去了免疫原性", "B": "受者的免疫细胞功能活跃", "C": "受者对移植物发生了免疫耐受", "D": "移植物对受者发生了免疫耐受"}, "answer": "受者对移植物发生了免疫耐受", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.体现有利原则的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "杜绝对病人的有意伤害", "B": "选择受益最大、损伤最小的治疗方案", "C": "对病人一视同仁", "D": "合理筛选肾脏移植受术者"}, "answer": "选择受益最大、损伤最小的治疗方案", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于干扰素,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "诱导细胞产生抗病毒蛋白", "B": "具有种属特异性", "C": "抗病毒感染具有特异性", "D": "可增强NK细胞的杀伤活性"}, "answer": "抗病毒感染具有特异性", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "诊断胎儿遗传性疾病,准确性较差的产前诊断技术是(  )。", "options": {"A": "孕妇血提取胎儿细胞", "B": "胎儿镜下活检", "C": "经皮脐血穿刺技术", "D": "绒毛穿刺取样"}, "answer": "孕妇血提取胎儿细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.病原菌在局部繁殖、毒素入血称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "败血症", "B": "毒血症", "C": "内毒素血症", "D": "脓毒血症"}, "answer": "毒血症", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "早期确诊先天性甲状腺功能减低症的实验室检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "TRH兴奋实验", "B": "血清T3、T4、TSH测定", "C": "甲状腺扫描", "D": "骨龄测定"}, "answer": "血清T3、T4、TSH测定", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女孩,2岁。身材矮小,语言、运动发育落后,平素纳差、便秘。查体:T 36℃,P 80次/分,神志清楚,反应淡漠,眼睑水肿,眼距宽,鼻梁低平,舌大而厚,皮肤粗糙,腹膨隆,未触及包块,四肢短小。心脏超声示心包积液。对诊断最有帮助的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立位腹部X线平片", "B": "血苯丙氨酸测定", "C": "甲状腺功能检查", "D": "骨龄片"}, "answer": "甲状腺功能检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "属于肿瘤相关抗原的分子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "TNF", "B": "LPS", "C": "IFN", "D": "CEA"}, "answer": "CEA", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,75岁。肠梗阻5天急行手术探查,术中发现结肠脾曲癌致结肠梗阻。无转移征象。横结肠扩张、水肿。恰当的手术方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "横结肠造口术,二期左半结肠切除", "B": "肿瘤切除,横结肠造口术", "C": "横结肠、乙状结肠侧侧吻合术", "D": "单纯肿瘤切除"}, "answer": "横结肠造口术,二期左半结肠切除", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "属于永久性细胞的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经细胞", "B": "肝细胞", "C": "胰腺细胞", "D": "表皮细胞"}, "answer": "神经细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "孕期出现巨幼细胞性贫血主要是由于缺乏(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素B12", "B": "泛酸", "C": "叶酸", "D": "蛋白质"}, "answer": "叶酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是结核引起机体的免疫?(  )", "options": {"A": "体液免疫", "B": "传染免疫", "C": "局部免疫", "D": "抗毒素免疫"}, "answer": "传染免疫", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.镇痛作用最强的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "喷他佐辛", "B": "曲马朵", "C": "芬太尼", "D": "纳洛酮"}, "answer": "芬太尼", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是影响气道阻力最重要的因素?(  )", "options": {"A": "气流形式", "B": "呼吸道长度", "C": "呼吸道口径", "D": "呼吸时相"}, "answer": "呼吸道口径", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "6岁患者,8月2日突然高热,发病5小时后反复抽搐,四肢凉,血压下降,颈项强直(±),血白细胞21×109/L,最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "恶性疟疾", "B": "流行性乙型脑炎", "C": "病毒性脑膜炎", "D": "中毒性菌痢"}, "answer": "中毒性菌痢", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.小儿腹泻,中度脱水,第1天静脉补液的量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "60~90ml/kg", "B": "150~180ml/kg", "C": "50~60ml/kg", "D": "120~150ml/kg"}, "answer": "120~150ml/kg", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有关铁剂治疗正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "首选注射铁剂", "B": "口服铁剂最好于餐前服用", "C": "口服铁剂忌与茶同时服用", "D": "铁剂应用至血红蛋白达正常水平后停药"}, "answer": "口服铁剂忌与茶同时服用", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,60岁,胃癌根治术后7天,出现左下肢肿痛,检查时,小腿腓肠肌有压痛,沿股静脉压迫有疼痛,下肢可凹性水肿。诊断为左下肢深静脉血栓形成。与深静脉血栓形成无关的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癌细胞释放促凝因子", "B": "手术后血小板增多、粘性增高", "C": "下肢血流缓慢", "D": "纤维蛋白溶酶系统被激活"}, "answer": "纤维蛋白溶酶系统被激活", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,女,3岁。咳嗽5天,发热2天。查体:咽红,双侧扁桃体Ⅰ度肿大,双肺可闻及较固定的中、细湿啰音。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管肺炎", "B": "支气管哮喘", "C": "支气管炎", "D": "毛细支气管炎"}, "answer": "支气管肺炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者男性,8岁,额部多发性疖肿,未治疗,红肿、扩大,弛张性高热,4天后臀部皮下又发现一肿块,疼痛、压痛明显,且有波动感。1.能进一步确诊的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "臀部肿块B超检查", "B": "头部X线摄片", "C": "臀部X线摄片", "D": "臀部肿块穿刺抽脓"}, "answer": "臀部肿块穿刺抽脓", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,72岁。排便时突感剧烈胸痛,继而跌倒,意识丧失,呼吸断断续续。既往有陈旧性心肌梗死和糖尿病病史,无高血压病史,诊断为心脏骤停。2.心电图示心脏停搏,此时首选的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "普鲁卡因酰胺", "B": "肾上腺素", "C": "普罗帕酮", "D": "碳酸氢钠"}, "answer": "肾上腺素", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "老年期抑郁症情感障碍特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "情感淡漠", "B": "情感低落", "C": "情感低落伴焦虑症状", "D": "恐怖发作"}, "answer": "情感低落伴焦虑症状", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "出生时新生儿的头围约(  )。", "options": {"A": "34cm", "B": "33cm", "C": "32.5cm", "D": "31cm"}, "answer": "34cm", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.疱疹性咽峡炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热、咽痛、咽充血,咽部有灰白色小丘疹、疱疹或溃疡", "B": "发热、咽痛、颈部、耳后淋巴结可肿大,咽充血、眼结膜充血", "C": "发热、音哑、犬吠样咳嗽,吸气性呼吸困难,咽充血", "D": "发热、咽痛、咽充血,扁桃体肿大,有脓性分泌物"}, "answer": "发热、咽痛、咽充血,咽部有灰白色小丘疹、疱疹或溃疡", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在传染病的预防工作中,国家实行的制度是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有计划的卫生防疫", "B": "预防保健", "C": "有计划的预防接种", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "有计划的预防接种", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,35岁,反复出现黏液脓血便3年。近1周来上述症状再发,伴有腹痛、里急后重、低热、乏力和膝关节痛。查体:轻度贫血貌,双小腿前侧可见结节性红斑,腹软,左下腹有压痛,未触及包块,肠鸣音活跃。化验:便常规有大量脓细胞和红细胞,血沉30mm/h。1.此患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "克罗恩病", "B": "溃疡性结肠炎", "C": "阿米巴痢疾", "D": "肠结核"}, "answer": "溃疡性结肠炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "心理咨询与心理治疗的区别不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "工作的任务不同", "B": "性质和过程不同", "C": "身份与工作方式不同", "D": "解决问题的性质和内容不同"}, "answer": "性质和过程不同", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某疟疾患者突起畏寒、寒战,体温39℃,导致该种变化的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "产热中枢抑制", "B": "皮肤血管扩张", "C": "调定点上调", "D": "散热中枢兴奋"}, "answer": "调定点上调", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.属于分离性焦虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人对每天必须吃药感到痛苦", "B": "病人对自己的病不能马上确诊而心烦", "C": "病人因住院不能常与亲人见面而心烦", "D": "病人害怕手术会对自己身体的完整性造成伤害"}, "answer": "病人因住院不能常与亲人见面而心烦", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,18岁。急起四肢无力,进行性加重。病前有腹泻病史。查体:四肢肌力3级。最可能诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓灰质炎", "B": "中毒性神经炎", "C": "卟啉病", "D": "吉兰-巴雷综合征"}, "answer": "吉兰-巴雷综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "无性繁殖依赖DNA载体的最基本性质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素抗性", "B": "卡那霉素抗性", "C": "自我复制能力", "D": "自我转录能力"}, "answer": "自我复制能力", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于糖蛋白的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋白质含量较多", "B": "糖的比重较大", "C": "糖与多肽链之间可以O-糖苷键连接", "D": "糖与多肽链之间可以N-糖苷键连接"}, "answer": "糖的比重较大", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "心肌收缩力加强引起静脉回心血量增加的机制为(  )。", "options": {"A": "血流速度快", "B": "动脉血压升高", "C": "心缩期室内压较低", "D": "心舒期室内压较低"}, "answer": "心舒期室内压较低", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心尖搏动位于左锁骨中线外第6肋间,考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "左心室增大", "B": "右心室增大", "C": "左心房增大", "D": "心包积液"}, "answer": "左心室增大", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "36岁男性,翻车肩部外伤,半小时后来院,查左锁骨中外1/3处明显畸形,局部肿胀明显,瘀血,桡动脉搏动触不到,手部发凉,皮色苍白,血压80/40mmHg。1.该患者应首先做哪项处置(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即做化验各项检查", "B": "做血管造影", "C": "立即补液,输血", "D": "整复骨折,固定"}, "answer": "立即补液,输血", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列预防破伤风的措施中,最有效、最可靠的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "彻底清创", "B": "注射青霉素", "C": "注射破伤风类毒素", "D": "注射破伤风免疫球蛋白"}, "answer": "注射破伤风类毒素", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性血源性骨髓炎最常见的致病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "霉菌", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "C": "大肠杆菌", "D": "肺炎链球菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.执业医师考核不合格的,可以责令其暂停执业活动3~6个月,并(  )。", "options": {"A": "定期考核", "B": "接受培训和继续医学教育", "C": "继续执业", "D": "注销注册"}, "answer": "接受培训和继续医学教育", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "12月中旬,一8个月婴儿来院就诊,呕吐、腹泻2天伴发热流涕,大便10次/日,水样便,呕吐4~6次/日。体检:皮肤干燥,弹性差,口唇樱红,腹泻,腱反射弱。大便镜检:WBC 0~1/HP。下列何种治疗措施不恰当?(  )", "options": {"A": "暂停乳类食品,代之以豆类代乳品", "B": "及时、足量、足疗程给予抗肠道杆菌之抗生素", "C": "根据脱水程度进行补液", "D": "补液的同时纠正酸中毒"}, "answer": "及时、足量、足疗程给予抗肠道杆菌之抗生素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,50岁。双下肢水肿10余年,晨轻暮重,无眼睑水肿和泡沫尿。查体: BP 130/70mmHg,双肺呼吸音清,心界不大,心率87次/分,律齐,腹软,肝脾肋下未触及,移动性浊音阴性,双下肢凹陷性水肿,浅静脉呈蚯蚓状改变。该患者下肢水肿的最可能原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "下肢静脉压增高", "B": "血浆胶体渗透压降低", "C": "血浆晶体渗透压降低", "D": "心肌收缩力降低"}, "answer": "下肢静脉压增高", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.病人在不言不语时自觉和正在说话一样(  )。", "options": {"A": "言语运动性幻觉", "B": "被控制感", "C": "听幻觉", "D": "似曾相识"}, "answer": "言语运动性幻觉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,25岁。乏力、消瘦、腹胀2个月。查体:心肺未见异常,肝肋下1cm,脾肋下8cm。化验:Hb 138g/L,WBC 96×109/L,PLT 385×109/L。分子生物检查可见bcr/abl融合基因。2.该患者应出现的染色体异常是(  )。", "options": {"A": "t(9;22)", "B": "t(8;21)", "C": "t(9;11)", "D": "inv(16)"}, "answer": "t(9;22)", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在体内直接转变成儿茶酚胺的氨基酸是(  )。", "options": {"A": "色氨酸", "B": "天冬氨酸", "C": "酪氨酸", "D": "赖氨酸"}, "answer": "酪氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "休克型肺炎最常见的病原菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "军团菌", "B": "肺炎球菌", "C": "肺炎支原体", "D": "革兰阴性杆菌"}, "answer": "肺炎球菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列各项中不属于凝血疾病典型症状的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "点状出血", "B": "关节出血", "C": "束臂试验阴性", "D": "深部血肿"}, "answer": "点状出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女孩,5岁,自幼易感冒。生长发育尚可,心前区隆起,肺动脉瓣区有收缩期震颤,肺动脉第二音亢进。胸骨左缘第2、3肋间闻及3~4级收缩期、2级舒张期杂音,血压90/30mmHg。胸片示左右心室肥大(左室为主),肺充血明显,肺动脉段突出,主动脉弓增宽。考虑最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "动脉导管未闭", "C": "肺动脉狭窄", "D": "主动脉瓣狭窄伴关闭不全"}, "answer": "动脉导管未闭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,60岁。反复咳嗽、咳脓痰、咯血30年,再发伴发热3天。近3天来静脉滴注头孢菌素,仍有较多脓痰及痰中带血。查体:T 37.5℃,左下肺可闻及湿啰音,杵状指。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管扩张", "B": "支气管肺癌", "C": "肺结核", "D": "肺脓肿"}, "answer": "支气管扩张", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.脱水加低钠血症(  )。", "options": {"A": "低渗性脱水", "B": "高渗性脱水", "C": "高钾血症", "D": "高钙血症"}, "answer": "低渗性脱水", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "重度有机磷农药中毒的表现,下述组合哪一项是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "瞳孔明显缩小、大汗、流涎、视力模糊、肌无力", "B": "瞳孔明显缩小、大汗、流涎、神志不清、发绀", "C": "瞳孔明显缩小、大汗、流涎、神志模糊、血压升高", "D": "以上都不正确"}, "answer": "瞳孔明显缩小、大汗、流涎、神志模糊、血压升高", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,55岁。急性胰腺炎胆囊造瘘,胰腺引流术后,禁食、胃肠减压、输液及积极抗感染治疗,吸入高浓度纯氧。动脉血气分析:pH 7.48,PaO2 53mmHg,PaCO2 34mmHg。胸片显示双肺广泛大片状阴影,心电图示窦性心动过速。可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性心力衰竭", "B": "急性呼吸窘迫综合征", "C": "肺梗死", "D": "肺癌"}, "answer": "急性呼吸窘迫综合征", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪项是正确的(  )。", "options": {"A": "在初次感染,IgG类抗体产生的早", "B": "抗细胞内寄生物的免疫与Tc有关", "C": "B细胞分化成熟的标志是细胞膜上出现IgM分子", "D": "吞噬异物是巨噬细胞唯一的功能"}, "answer": "抗细胞内寄生物的免疫与Tc有关", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5.结核性脑膜炎脑脊液检查往往是(  )。", "options": {"A": "外观呈毛玻璃样", "B": "墨汁染色", "C": "脑脊液白细胞数为数百至数千", "D": "抗酸染色"}, "answer": "外观呈毛玻璃样", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是原发性免疫缺陷易出现的主要疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "肿瘤", "B": "白血病", "C": "艾滋病", "D": "反复感染"}, "answer": "肿瘤", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,45岁。近半年来总是莫名的紧张担忧,凡事总往坏处想。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性焦虑发作", "B": "广泛性焦虑症", "C": "恐惧症", "D": "急性应激障碍"}, "answer": "广泛性焦虑症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "叶酸缺乏性巨幼红细胞贫血的主要诊断依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "典型血象改变", "B": "皮肤色黄、虚胖", "C": "血清叶酸含量降低", "D": "毛发稀疏发黄"}, "answer": "血清叶酸含量降低", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,48岁,呕血5小时。查体:P 120次/min,BP 95/60mmHg,营养状况差,巩膜明显黄染。腹壁可见静脉曲张,肝未触及,脾肋下6cm,移动性浊音阳性。2.当前最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部B超", "B": "胃镜", "C": "腹部CT", "D": "腹部X线平片"}, "answer": "胃镜", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一男青年,突发高热、黄疸伴肝区痛、厌油,印象诊断为急性黄疸性肝炎。该病主要的传播方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "泌尿道传播", "B": "消化道传播", "C": "呼吸道传播", "D": "经输血传播"}, "answer": "消化道传播", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.防治尿酸性肾病(  )。", "options": {"A": "VP方案", "B": "HAP方案", "C": "输浓缩红细胞", "D": "口服别嘌呤醇"}, "answer": "口服别嘌呤醇", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,68岁。近3个月来常有黏液血便,大便次数增多,有肛门坠胀及里急后重感,大便变细,上述症状进行性加重。查体:生命体征平稳,腹部无明显阳性体征,血、尿常规均正常。1.首选的检查应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙状结肠镜", "B": "腹部CT", "C": "直肠指诊", "D": "钡剂灌肠"}, "answer": "直肠指诊", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩,4岁。一向偏食,不吃鱼肉蛋,近日发现面色渐苍白,不愿活动,时而腹泻。查体心肺正常,肝脏于肋下触及3cm,脾未及,血Hb60g/L,RBC2.90×1012/L,血涂片:红细胞大小不等,以小为主,中心淡染区扩大。1.该患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "再生障碍性贫血", "B": "巨幼细胞性贫血", "C": "缺铁性贫血", "D": "营养性混合性贫血"}, "answer": "缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,58岁。大便带血2个月,排便有下坠感,里急后重,直肠镜检查距肛门12cm处3cm×3cm肿块,菜花状,质脆,易出血,病理诊断为直肠腺癌。若选择手术,最佳术式为(  )。", "options": {"A": "经腹直肠癌切除术", "B": "经腹直肠癌切除、人工肛门、远端封闭手术", "C": "拉下式直肠癌切除术", "D": "放疗术"}, "answer": "经腹直肠癌切除术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "6个月女,中度脱水,酸中毒,经纠正酸中毒与补液,12小时后出现嗜睡,呼吸较前为浅,心音低钝,心率160次/分,腹胀,肠鸣音弱,血钠为135mmol/L。1.为明确诊断应做的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血渗透压测定", "B": "电解质测定", "C": "腰穿脑脊液检查", "D": "心脏超声心动图"}, "answer": "电解质测定", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以下不属于动脉导管未闭常见症状的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乏力、多汗", "B": "心悸", "C": "声音嘶哑", "D": "缺氧发作"}, "answer": "缺氧发作", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿女,10个月,人工喂养,未添加辅食,主因2个月面色苍白,精神、食欲差就诊。查体:面色蜡黄,睑结膜苍白,心前区听诊可闻及Ⅱ级柔和收缩期杂音,肝肋下2.5cm,脾肋下1cm。末梢血:血红蛋白75g/L,红细胞2.0×1012/L,网织红细胞0.5%。2.此患儿最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "营养性缺铁性贫血", "B": "营养性巨幼细胞性贫血", "C": "β-地中海贫血", "D": "再生障碍性贫血"}, "answer": "营养性巨幼细胞性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "“鱼与熊掌不可兼得也”属于哪类冲突?(  )", "options": {"A": "双趋冲突", "B": "趋避冲突", "C": "双趋避冲突", "D": "多重趋避冲突"}, "answer": "双趋冲突", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,30岁。呕吐,腹胀5天。神志不清,胡言乱语1天。平素体健。查体:T 36.5℃,P 90次/分,R 18次/分,BP 120/80mmHg,巩膜明显黄染,心肺未见明显异常。腹软,无压痛。肝浊音界缩小。实验室检查:血ALT 520U/L,TBiL 215μmol/L,DBiL 138μmol/L。其典型的肝脏病理改变主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多个小叶或大块肝细胞坏死", "B": "淤血性改变", "C": "汇管区中性粒细胞浸润", "D": "肝细胞脂肪变性"}, "answer": "多个小叶或大块肝细胞坏死", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "右心衰竭患者水肿通常首先出现在(  )。", "options": {"A": "眼睑", "B": "颜面", "C": "身体最低部位", "D": "腹部"}, "answer": "身体最低部位", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,33岁。右下肢浅静脉迂曲扩张,长期不予外理,并发症不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤萎缩", "B": "皮肤和皮下硬结", "C": "难愈性溃疡", "D": "足趾坏死"}, "answer": "足趾坏死", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "老年人继发性肾病综合征常见的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙肝病毒相关性肾炎", "B": "狼疮性肾炎", "C": "过敏性紫癜肾病", "D": "糖尿病肾病"}, "answer": "糖尿病肾病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性心肌梗死最晚恢复正常的心肌坏死标志物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌红蛋白", "B": "肌酸激酶同工酶MB", "C": "天门冬酸氨基转移酶", "D": "肌钙蛋白"}, "answer": "肌钙蛋白", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列分子生物学实验中,检测病毒蛋白的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "点杂交", "B": "Southern blot", "C": "Western blot", "D": "Northern blot"}, "answer": "Western blot", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,60岁。右季肋部胀痛、食欲减退、尿黄6个月。乙肝肝硬化病史8年。查体:肝肋下5厘米,表面不平,质硬,压痛。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝脓肿", "B": "原发性肝癌", "C": "继发性肝癌", "D": "乙肝活动期"}, "answer": "原发性肝癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.L5~S1后外侧椎间盘突出累及(  )。", "options": {"A": "L4神经根", "B": "L5神经根", "C": "S1神经根", "D": "股神经"}, "answer": "S1神经根", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于痉挛性瘫痪,下列哪项错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "痉挛性瘫痪是因为瘫痪肢体肌张力增高而得名", "B": "上运动神经元较分散地支配肌肉,故多不引起单肢瘫", "C": "上运动神经元因较集中地支配肌肉,故多引起肢体偏瘫", "D": "上运动神经元在内囊区较集中,故内囊区病变可引起对侧肢体均等性瘫"}, "answer": "上运动神经元较分散地支配肌肉,故多不引起单肢瘫", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.胰岛δ细胞分泌的生长抑素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经递质", "B": "旁分泌的激素", "C": "细胞因子", "D": "谷胱甘肽"}, "answer": "旁分泌的激素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,17岁,某日上课时听女教师朗诵诗句:“伟大的女性引导我们上升”,突然产生该教师是想引诱他,并很快发现老师的目光和表情都是在诱惑他,下课后感到同学们的表情和举止都在暗示他:老师就是对他“有意思”。此症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "错听", "B": "原发性妄想", "C": "思维逻辑障碍", "D": "思维被洞悉感"}, "answer": "原发性妄想", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,46岁,左乳外上象限无痛性肿物3cm直径,与皮肤轻度粘连,左腋下触及2个可活动的淋巴结,诊断为“乳腺癌”。按TNM分期,应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "T1N1M0", "B": "T2N0M0", "C": "T2N1M0", "D": "T2N2M0"}, "answer": "T2N1M0", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者男性,55岁,因“转移性右下腹痛2天”行阑尾炎穿孔切除手术后10小时,感下腹部胀痛明显,烦躁,小便未解。首先考虑的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹腔感染", "B": "膀胱炎", "C": "尿潴留", "D": "肠麻痹、肠黏连"}, "answer": "尿潴留", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "重症肌无力患者应避免应用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "万古霉素", "B": "盐酸小檗碱", "C": "头孢噻肟", "D": "青霉素"}, "answer": "盐酸小檗碱", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.肛诊检查触及黏膜外条索状肿物,质地稍硬、固定,最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肛裂", "B": "直肠癌", "C": "内痔", "D": "直肠息肉"}, "answer": "直肠息肉", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "反复发作风湿热容易发生永久性损害的组织是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心肌组织", "B": "心包膜组织", "C": "心内膜组织", "D": "骨关节组织"}, "answer": "心内膜组织", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述对于肺泡表面活性物质生理作用的叙述,哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "降低肺泡表面张力", "B": "稳定肺泡内压", "C": "增加肺的回缩力", "D": "维持肺泡于适当的扩张状态"}, "answer": "增加肺的回缩力", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.苹果酸脱氢酶的辅酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "NAD", "B": "FAD", "C": "TPP", "D": "HS-CoA"}, "answer": "NAD", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病时由骨样组织增生所致的骨骼改变为(  )。", "options": {"A": "方颅", "B": "肋膈沟(赫氏沟)", "C": "鸡胸或漏斗胸", "D": "O形腿或X形腿"}, "answer": "方颅", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,31岁,右侧甲状腺单发结节3个月,生长较快,近一周出现声音嘶哑,ECT检查显示右侧甲状腺“冷结节”。3.如穿刺细胞学检查显示结节为乳头状腺癌,体检发现右侧胸锁乳突肌前缘可扪及2个肿大淋巴结,治疗方案宜选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "切除右侧甲状腺、峡部、左侧腺体大部+右侧颈部淋巴结清扫", "B": "切除右侧甲状腺、峡部、左侧腺体大部+双侧颈部淋巴结清扫", "C": "甲状腺全切+双侧颈部淋巴结清扫", "D": "甲状腺全切十术后放射性碘内照射"}, "answer": "切除右侧甲状腺、峡部、左侧腺体大部+右侧颈部淋巴结清扫", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项不是术后早期下床活动的好处?(  )", "options": {"A": "减少伤口感染", "B": "减少下肢静脉血栓形成", "C": "减少肺部并发症", "D": "有利于膀胱功能恢复,减少尿潴留发生"}, "answer": "减少伤口感染", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "特发性血小板减少性紫癜的诊断依据不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "血小板减少", "B": "APTT延长", "C": "骨髓巨核细胞增多并成熟障碍", "D": "脾不大或轻度肿大"}, "answer": "APTT延长", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于术后肺不张,预防的主要措施中不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "术前锻炼深呼吸", "B": "防止手术后呕吐误吸", "C": "给予大剂量抗生素", "D": "术后鼓励病人咳痰,变换体位"}, "answer": "给予大剂量抗生素", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "45岁妇女,患慢性肾炎4年,半年前因早孕行药物流产,现要求避孕指导,应采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服短效避孕药", "B": "皮下埋植避孕", "C": "安全期避孕", "D": "行输卵管结扎术"}, "answer": "行输卵管结扎术", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心理治疗的性质不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "双向性", "B": "强制性", "C": "反复性", "D": "渐进性"}, "answer": "强制性", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列细菌中繁殖速度最慢的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大肠埃希菌", "B": "丙型链球菌", "C": "脑膜炎奈瑟菌", "D": "结核分枝杆菌"}, "answer": "结核分枝杆菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪一项不属于糖皮质激素禁忌证?(  )", "options": {"A": "活动性消化性溃疡,新近胃肠吻合术", "B": "非特异性角膜炎", "C": "创伤修复期、骨折", "D": "严重高血压、糖尿病"}, "answer": "非特异性角膜炎", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是胃溃疡最常见的位置?(  )", "options": {"A": "胃前壁", "B": "胃后壁", "C": "胃小弯近贲门处", "D": "胃窦小弯侧"}, "answer": "胃窦小弯侧", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,28岁.左胸外伤1小时,胸痛.呼吸困难。BP 120/80mmHg,心率100次/min,局部约6cm×6cm的区域反常呼吸运动。1.胸部X线片发现左侧胸腔2cm气液平面。最可能合并的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺水肿", "B": "支气管断裂", "C": "气胸", "D": "血气胸"}, "answer": "血气胸", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,31岁。近半年来反复心悸、胸痛、劳力性呼吸困难,时有头晕或短暂神志丧失。体检发现:心脏轻度增大,心尖部有2级收缩期杂音和第四心音,胸骨左缘第3~4肋间闻及较粗糙的喷射性收缩期杂音。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "二尖瓣关闭不全", "B": "主动脉瓣狭窄", "C": "肥厚型梗阻性心肌病", "D": "心绞痛"}, "answer": "肥厚型梗阻性心肌病", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "目前对儿童支气管哮喘慢性持续期,首选的药物治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉应用氨茶碱", "B": "糖皮质激素静滴", "C": "M受体拮抗剂吸入", "D": "糖皮质激素吸入"}, "answer": "糖皮质激素吸入", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.佝偻病活动期的表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "眼距增宽,外眦上斜,通贯手", "B": "身材矮小,四肢短粗,智力正常", "C": "兴奋哭闹,前囟闭合晚,长骨临时钙化带消失", "D": "消瘦,腹胀,排便困难"}, "answer": "兴奋哭闹,前囟闭合晚,长骨临时钙化带消失", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "病人因右上腹持续钝痛,伴恶寒、发热、皮肤黄染入院,诊断为急性胆囊炎、胆石症。上午情况尚好,中午出现休克症状,下午进行了积极治疗,下班时虽未好转,也未加重。晚6时夜班医生回家吃晚饭,此时病人症状加重,护士找不到医生,至7时找来一门诊医师急救,因抢救无效死亡。此时夜班医师才回病房。此事故的责任主体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "夜班医生", "B": "急救的门诊医师", "C": "包括自班医生", "D": "夜班医生和护士"}, "answer": "夜班医生", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "新生儿败血症的主要治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "碳酸氢钠", "B": "苯巴比妥", "C": "头孢他啶", "D": "地高辛"}, "answer": "头孢他啶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性心肌梗死并发栓塞多发生于起病后(  )。", "options": {"A": "1~2周", "B": "1~4周", "C": "2~3周", "D": "2~4周"}, "answer": "1~2周", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某市冬季取暖,大量燃烧富含硫的煤炭,受到二氧化硫严重污染地区居民何种疾病发病率升高?(  )", "options": {"A": "血液系统疾病发病升高", "B": "上呼吸道感染发病率升高", "C": "高血压发病率升高", "D": "泌尿系统疾病发病率升高"}, "answer": "上呼吸道感染发病率升高", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "偏头痛的先兆期相当于(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅内血管的收缩期", "B": "颅外血管的扩张期", "C": "颅内血管的扩张期", "D": "颅外血管的收缩期"}, "answer": "颅内血管的收缩期", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,18岁,高中学生,长期以来感头昏脑涨,学习困难,注意力不易集中,精神易疲劳,经长时间休息,不能消除疲劳摩,当参加娱乐活动时,疲劳迅速改善,该病人的诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经衰弱", "B": "焦虑症", "C": "人格障碍", "D": "癔症"}, "answer": "神经衰弱", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男孩,5岁。自幼唇、指(趾)甲床青紫,乏力,活动后气促,体格发育落后,胸骨左缘第2~3肋间可闻及Ⅲ级收缩期杂音,经超声心动图证实为先天性心脏病,法洛四联症。2.此患儿突然发生昏厥、抽搐最可能并发(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管肺炎", "B": "充血性心力衰竭", "C": "低钙惊厥", "D": "脑血栓,脑脓肿"}, "answer": "脑血栓,脑脓肿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "生后24小时内出现黄疸者,应首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿肝炎", "B": "新生儿溶血病", "C": "败血症", "D": "母乳性黄疸"}, "answer": "新生儿溶血病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项为类风湿关节炎常见的关节表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "对称性近端指间、掌指和腕关节持续性肿痛", "B": "膝、髋和距小腿关节非对称,持续肿痛", "C": "膝关节单侧或双侧肿痛,休息后好转", "D": "胸锁关节肿痛"}, "answer": "对称性近端指间、掌指和腕关节持续性肿痛", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "以下不属于传染病基本特征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有传染性", "B": "有流行病学特征", "C": "有感染后免疫", "D": "有后遗症"}, "answer": "有后遗症", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "子宫肌瘤红色变常发生在(  )。", "options": {"A": "生育期", "B": "妊娠期", "C": "围绝经期", "D": "绝经后期"}, "answer": "妊娠期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "化脓性关节炎后期关节已有破坏与增生,强直已不可避免时,最恰当的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "避免负重", "B": "行关节融合术", "C": "固定于功能位", "D": "物理疗法"}, "answer": "行关节融合术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "产后10天,左乳胀痛、发热。查体:体温38.7℃,左乳外上象限皮温高,红肿、有压痛,肿块约5cm×5cm大小,中心有波动感。1.最可能的诊断是左乳(  )。", "options": {"A": "炎性乳癌", "B": "急性乳腺炎未成脓", "C": "乳腺脓肿", "D": "积乳癌"}, "answer": "乳腺脓肿", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,79岁。因胆囊结石、急性胆囊炎入院,保守治疗5天后腹痛加剧。查体:T 39.5℃,P 120次/分,BP 106/70mmHg。皮肤及巩膜无黄染,右上腹肌紧张,局部压痛、反跳痛。血常规:WBC20×109/L,N 0.89。最适合的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉点滴抗菌药物", "B": "鼻胆管引流术", "C": "胆囊造瘘术", "D": "胆总管切开引流术"}, "answer": "胆总管切开引流术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项能增强抗凝血酶Ⅲ的抗凝作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "肝素", "B": "蛋白质C", "C": "组织因子途径抑制物", "D": "α2-巨球蛋白"}, "answer": "肝素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "CTX副作用不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓移植", "B": "恶心呕吐", "C": "诱发移行细胞癌", "D": "肝功能下降"}, "answer": "诱发移行细胞癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "霍乱弧菌属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "专性需氧菌", "B": "微需氧菌", "C": "兼性厌氧菌", "D": "以上都不对"}, "answer": "专性需氧菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "具有体内、外抗凝血作用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝素", "B": "香豆素类", "C": "链激酶", "D": "右旋糖酐"}, "answer": "肝素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,45岁。体检发现右乳肿块,直径2cm,活动度差,边界不清。术后病理可见乳腺间质中有串珠样单行癌细胞排列。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "导管原位癌", "B": "小叶浸润癌", "C": "髓样癌", "D": "导管浸润癌"}, "answer": "小叶浸润癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "左室容积下降速度最快是在下述哪期?(  )", "options": {"A": "等容收缩期", "B": "快速充盈期", "C": "减慢射血期", "D": "快速射血期"}, "answer": "快速射血期", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "周某,65岁。医生问他:“你吃饭了吗?”答:“刚吃过。”问:“你多大岁数了?”答:“刚吃过。”问:“你家在哪里住?”答:“刚吃过。”此症状为(  )。", "options": {"A": "模仿言语", "B": "重复言语", "C": "持续言语", "D": "音韵联想"}, "answer": "持续言语", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,24岁。诊断为肾病综合征,现拟用糖皮质激素治疗,在治疗过程中可能出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "性腺抑制", "B": "高血压", "C": "出血性膀胱炎", "D": "骨髓抑制"}, "answer": "高血压", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于体温生理变动的叙述,下述哪一项是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "昼夜变动值大于2℃", "B": "变动范围无规律", "C": "女子排卵后,体温下降", "D": "肌肉活动使体温升高"}, "answer": "肌肉活动使体温升高", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "颅内压增高合并脑疝的表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "喷射性呕吐", "B": "前卤饱满,张力增高", "C": "头围增大", "D": "两侧瞳孔不等大"}, "answer": "两侧瞳孔不等大", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪一种物质是体内合成胆碱的原料?(  )", "options": {"A": "苏氨酸", "B": "肌醇", "C": "丝氨酸", "D": "甘氨酸"}, "answer": "丝氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.婴儿基础代谢所需能量(  )。", "options": {"A": "占总能量的50%~60%", "B": "占总能量的7%~8%", "C": "占总能量的10%", "D": "占总能量的5%"}, "answer": "占总能量的50%~60%", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "胰岛B细胞分泌的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胰高血糖素", "B": "胰岛素", "C": "胰多肽", "D": "生长抑素"}, "answer": "胰岛素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "阑尾炎是(  )。", "options": {"A": "出血性炎", "B": "纤维素性炎", "C": "蜂窝织炎", "D": "变质性炎"}, "answer": "蜂窝织炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "人类健康关系最为密切的空气物理因素有红外线,可见光和(  )。", "options": {"A": "X射线", "B": "微波", "C": "紫外线", "D": "γ射线"}, "answer": "紫外线", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "婴儿突发惊厥,无热,反复发作3次,惊厥后意志清,活泼如常,患儿为人工喂养,极少户外活动,未服鱼肝油。查体:出牙延迟,哈氏沟明显,方颅。血钙为1.0mmol/L。最确切的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "佝偻病早期", "B": "维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症", "C": "低血糖症", "D": "低血镁症"}, "answer": "维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "影响正常人舒张压的主要因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心输出量", "B": "小动脉口径", "C": "大动脉弹性", "D": "血液粘滞性"}, "answer": "小动脉口径", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肝硬化消化道出血伴高血压、冠心病患者,下列止血措施中最不恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "垂体后叶素静脉滴注", "B": "6-氨基己酸静脉滴注", "C": "去甲肾上腺素胃管滴注", "D": "冰生理盐水洗胃"}, "answer": "垂体后叶素静脉滴注", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对医患之间信托关系的正确理解是(  )。", "options": {"A": "类似于陌生人关系", "B": "不同于一般陌生人关系", "C": "陌生人关系", "D": "主动—被动关系"}, "answer": "不同于一般陌生人关系", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,8岁,反复水肿8个月,血压150/100mmHg。尿常规:蛋白质(++),红细胞满视野。血浆白蛋白15g/L,球蛋白20g/L,胆固醇12.5mmol/L。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾炎", "B": "肾炎性肾病", "C": "慢性肾炎", "D": "急进性肾炎"}, "answer": "肾炎性肾病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,35岁,6年前分娩时失血过多伴晕厥,产后无乳汁,闭经2~3年伴怕冷、乏力,体位性头晕,餐前经常手抖、心悸、饥饿感。查体:消瘦,嗓音低哑,毛发稀疏,双乳房萎缩,血压80/50mmHg。血糖4.0mmol/L(正常3.68~6.12mmol/L),血皮质醇、雌二醇均低,FSH、LH基础值不低,B超示子宫体积小。1.最可能的临床诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卵巢功能早衰", "B": "爱迪生病", "C": "席汉病", "D": "黏液性水肿"}, "answer": "席汉病", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "碘解磷定解救有机磷农药中毒的药理学基础是(  )。", "options": {"A": "具有阿托品样作用", "B": "生成磷酰化碘解磷定", "C": "促进ACh重摄取", "D": "促进胆碱酯酶再生"}, "answer": "生成磷酰化碘解磷定", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "选择性蛋白尿的特点是以(  )。", "options": {"A": "溶菌酶为主", "B": "白蛋白为主", "C": "IgA为主", "D": "β2微球蛋白为主"}, "answer": "白蛋白为主", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪种脉搏提示主动脉瓣关闭不全?(  )", "options": {"A": "奇脉", "B": "水冲脉", "C": "短绌脉", "D": "脱落脉"}, "answer": "水冲脉", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,30岁,因反复出现癫痫大发作半年余,近1个月来智力有所下降,经CT检查诊断为脑猪囊尾蚴病。其临床类型应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑实质型", "B": "脑室型", "C": "脊髓型", "D": "混合型"}, "answer": "脑实质型", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4个月男婴,因夜惊多汗、烦躁2个月就诊。患儿生后母乳喂养,未加辅食,医生诊断为“维生素D缺乏性佝偻病初期”对家长说明此患儿可能的致病原因,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "食物中维生素D含量不足", "B": "食物中钙磷含量不足", "C": "日光照射不足", "D": "肾小管损害对钙吸收不足"}, "answer": "肾小管损害对钙吸收不足", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,16岁。低热、咳嗽、咽部不适2周,胸部X线片示两肺下部网状及按小叶分布的斑片状浸润阴影,血WBC 10×109/L1.患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支原体肺炎", "B": "病毒性肺炎", "C": "军团菌肺炎", "D": "肺炎球菌肺炎"}, "answer": "支原体肺炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "羊水过少常见的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎儿泌尿道畸形", "B": "胎儿消化道闭锁", "C": "胎儿无脑畸形", "D": "双胎妊娠"}, "answer": "胎儿泌尿道畸形", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,42岁,2个月来,情绪低落,兴趣索然,自觉“高兴不起来”,生不如死,“自己的脑子不灵了”,“像是生了锈的机器”,认为自己成了家庭和社会的累赘,“成了废物”,有胸闷、心悸、心慌的症状,自认为有严重心脏病,不能治愈。主动性言语及活动明显减少,生活被动,愿独处。曾多次自杀未遂,睡眠不好,早醒。3.首要注意的问题是防止(  )。", "options": {"A": "活动少而引起的合并感染", "B": "自杀行为", "C": "冲动伤人", "D": "症状波动的规律"}, "answer": "自杀行为", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪一项是诊断癫痫的首选辅助检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "诱发电位", "B": "脑电波检查", "C": "CT扫描", "D": "脑脊液检查"}, "answer": "脑电波检查", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,30岁,高热、胸痛、咳铁锈色痰,右肺下叶实变,青霉素试敏可疑,宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素V口服", "B": "头孢曲松", "C": "林可霉素", "D": "青霉素G静脉滴注"}, "answer": "青霉素V口服", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "诊断幽门梗阻最有价值的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "振水音阳性", "B": "上腹部膨隆", "C": "明显脱水", "D": "腹肌紧张"}, "answer": "振水音阳性", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肺癌所致阻塞性肺炎有以下临床征象,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "短期内同一部位可反复出现炎症", "B": "血白细胞计数常不增高", "C": "抗生素治疗后炎症很快吸收消散", "D": "患者一般不发热或仅有低热"}, "answer": "抗生素治疗后炎症很快吸收消散", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于溶血性贫血的定义,哪项是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "红细胞破坏增加", "B": "骨髓造血功能亢进", "C": "红细胞破坏增加,骨髓能代偿", "D": "红细胞破坏增加,超过骨髓代偿能力"}, "answer": "红细胞破坏增加,超过骨髓代偿能力", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.起抑制作用的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "Tc", "B": "Ts", "C": "Th", "D": "Thl"}, "answer": "Ts", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,68岁。阵发性腹痛1年,自觉有“气块”在腹中窜动,起初大便次数增加,近3个月腹胀、便秘,近3天无肛门排气、排便,呕吐物有粪便臭味,一直感乏力和低热。1.根据病史考虑肠梗阻应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "高位不完全梗阻", "B": "高位完全梗阻", "C": "低位不完全梗阻", "D": "低位完全梗阻"}, "answer": "低位完全梗阻", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,28岁。反复腹痛、腹泻7个月就诊,腹痛以右下腹为主,腹泻每日2~3次,糊状,无黏液及脓血。体检:右下腹轻度压痛,无反跳痛,肛周有瘘管。粪常规(-),胃肠钡餐造影见回盲部有线样征。1.本病最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "克罗恩病", "B": "溃疡性结肠炎", "C": "结肠癌", "D": "肠结核"}, "answer": "克罗恩病", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,60岁,吸烟史30年,慢性咳嗽、咳痰12年,气急3年,呈逐渐加重。胸片示肋间隙增宽、双肺透亮度增加,两下肺纹理乱。2.患者诉无心脏疾患,无结核病史,为进一步明确诊断。首选以下哪项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "纤维支气管镜活检", "B": "胸部CT", "C": "肺功能", "D": "痰涂片检查"}, "answer": "肺功能", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.6-MP的结构类似物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "I", "B": "X", "C": "T", "D": "U"}, "answer": "I", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1岁患儿,生后1个月时因患肺炎于外院诊断为先天性心脏病,共患肺炎3次。查体:生长发育差,心尖搏动弥散,胸骨左缘第三、四肋间可闻及Ⅲ~Ⅳ级粗糙的全收缩期杂音,传导广泛,有震颤,P2亢进。2.此患儿最可能的心电图表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心电图正常", "B": "右束支阻滞", "C": "左、右心室肥大", "D": "左束支阻滞"}, "answer": "左、右心室肥大", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有一名30岁男性患者,车祸右额颞部着地,伤后意识不清,约半小时后清醒,醒后头痛,有呕吐,3小时后又出现意识障碍。正侧位颅片示右颞线状骨折,骨折线跨过脑膜中动脉沟;CT示右颞梭形高密度形,脑室中线受压移位。入院时右瞳孔散大。2.首先应采取措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "冬眠物理降温", "B": "20%甘露醇静脉滴注(250m1)", "C": "0.4g止血芳酸静脉滴注", "D": "血肿清除术"}, "answer": "20%甘露醇静脉滴注(250m1)", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "细菌与所致疾病组合错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "幽门螺杆菌-慢性胃炎", "B": "军团菌-军团菌病", "C": "百日咳鲍特菌-百日咳", "D": "流感嗜血杆菌-流感"}, "answer": "流感嗜血杆菌-流感", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某男性,某矿场采矿工,年龄25岁,工龄约2年。主诉咳嗽、气短、胸痛就诊。检查发现,X线胸片呈肺纹理增加,伴有块状阴影和典型结节。患者自述,他工作场所条件很差,无防尘设施,此工人最可能患下列哪种类型矽肺?(  )", "options": {"A": "尘肺", "B": "矽肺", "C": "晚发性矽肺", "D": "速发性矽肺"}, "answer": "速发性矽肺", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "记忆障碍在脑器质性精神障碍的早期主要表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "顺行性遗忘", "B": "逆行性遗忘", "C": "错构", "D": "近事遗忘"}, "answer": "近事遗忘", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,3岁,曾多次患肺炎,平时无发绀。查体:心前区隆起,心尖搏动弥散,胸骨左缘第2肋间闻及Ⅲ级粗糙的连续性机器样杂音。向颈部传导,有震颤,有水冲脉。1.应特别注意此患儿的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "下肢血压低", "B": "脉压增宽", "C": "脉压减少", "D": "腹部血管杂音"}, "answer": "脉压增宽", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "脑血栓形成的最常见病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "各种脑动脉炎", "B": "脑动脉粥样硬化", "C": "血压偏低", "D": "红细胞增多症"}, "answer": "脑动脉粥样硬化", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,3岁,近来经常在玩耍中突然停顿、两眼直视、面无表情,几秒钟即止,每天发作几十次,应试用下述哪种药物治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "苯妥英钠", "B": "乙琥胺", "C": "氯丙嗪", "D": "卡马西平"}, "answer": "乙琥胺", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "钩端螺旋体病的确诊依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "典型临床表现", "B": "血清学检查", "C": "血培养", "D": "便培养"}, "answer": "血培养", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿风湿热最容易发生损害的器官是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膝关节", "B": "脑组织", "C": "心脏", "D": "皮肤"}, "answer": "心脏", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.有可能引起高钾血症(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡托普利", "B": "低分子肝素", "C": "甲泼尼龙(甲基强的松龙)", "D": "呋塞米(速尿)"}, "answer": "卡托普利", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,15岁,近3个月口渴多饮,多尿,消瘦明显;体检:身高167cm,体重58kg,心、肺、腹(一);化验:空腹血糖19.0mmol/L,尿糖(+),尿酮体(+)。2.若该患者在治疗1个月后空腹血糖在13mmol/L左右,中、晚餐前血糖控制较满意,此时最佳处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "加大晚餐前胰岛素用量", "B": "睡前增加1次中长效胰岛素", "C": "睡前增加1次短效胰岛素", "D": "加强午夜及凌晨血糖监测,然后再调整胰岛素用量"}, "answer": "加强午夜及凌晨血糖监测,然后再调整胰岛素用量", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "霍乱传播途径不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "经空气传播", "B": "经水传播", "C": "经食物传播", "D": "经苍蝇传播"}, "answer": "经空气传播", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "贫血伴轻度黄疸,诊断最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "再生障碍性贫血", "B": "特发性血小板减少性紫癜", "C": "溶血性贫血", "D": "急性白血病"}, "answer": "溶血性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "主管全国母婴保健工作的部门是(  )。", "options": {"A": "各级人民政府", "B": "各级人民政府卫生行政部门", "C": "国务院卫生行政部门", "D": "国家妇女联合会"}, "answer": "国务院卫生行政部门", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "霍乱与其他细菌引起的腹泻,最主要的鉴别点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有无腹痛及里急后重", "B": "流行病学史", "C": "有无“米泔水”样粪便", "D": "细菌学检查结果"}, "answer": "细菌学检查结果", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,33岁,昨晚吃街边烧烤后于今晨3时突然畏寒,高热、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻,腹泻共4次,开始为稀水样便,继之便中带有黏液和脓血。在未做卖验室检查的情况下,该患者可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性普通型细菌性痢疾", "B": "中毒型细菌性痢疾", "C": "慢性细菌性痢疾急性发作", "D": "慢性迁延型细菌性痢疾急性发作"}, "answer": "急性普通型细菌性痢疾", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "冈崎片段的生成是因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "拓扑酶的作用", "B": "RNA引物合成不足", "C": "随从链的复制与解链方向相反", "D": "DNA连接酶缺失"}, "answer": "随从链的复制与解链方向相反", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "选择性IgA缺乏症是属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "B细胞缺陷病", "B": "T细胞缺陷病", "C": "吞噬细胞缺陷", "D": "补体缺陷病"}, "answer": "B细胞缺陷病", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,48岁。右颈部包块伴发热1个月入院,活检诊断为弥漫性大细胞型,B细胞来源,脾肋下5cm,骨髓穿刺涂片内有12%淋巴肉瘤细胞。2.临床分期属(  )。", "options": {"A": "ⅢA", "B": "ⅢB", "C": "ⅣA", "D": "ⅣB"}, "answer": "ⅣB", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性肾衰竭选择血液净化疗法时,血钾(mmol/L)至少应达到(  )。", "options": {"A": "5.0", "B": "5.5", "C": "6.0", "D": "6.5"}, "answer": "6.5", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5岁患儿,血压90/60mmHg,颜面及双下肢凹陷性水肿,血浆蛋白41g/L,血浆白蛋白20g/L,血胆固醇>7.2mmol/L,BUN 5.3mmol/L,尿蛋白(+++),RBCl~2/Hp。此患儿最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgA肾病", "B": "急性肾炎", "C": "单纯性肾病", "D": "肾炎性肾病"}, "answer": "单纯性肾病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一成人烧伤面积60%,7小时后入院,经注射吗啡,头孢类抗生素和生理盐水1000ml,仍有休克,应考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "感染性休克", "B": "心源性休克", "C": "中毒性休克", "D": "低血容量性休克"}, "answer": "低血容量性休克", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,6岁。颜面浮肿5天,尿少,尿呈暗棕色或茶色,呕吐3次,头痛烦躁。血压114/90mmHg(15/12kPa),外周血Hb 112g/L,尿常规示:蛋白质+,RBC 40~60/Hp,WBC 0~3/Hp,颗粒管型0~2/Hp,尿素氮3.6mmol/L。应首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾炎,氮质血症", "B": "急性肾炎,高血压脑病", "C": "急进性肾炎", "D": "原发性肾病综合征"}, "answer": "急性肾炎,高血压脑病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在我国长江流域,以黑线姬鼠为主要传染源的疾病有(  )。", "options": {"A": "出血热", "B": "地方性斑疗伤寒", "C": "钩端螺旋体病", "D": "疟疾"}, "answer": "钩端螺旋体病", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有机磷农药中毒所致的呼吸肌麻痹用(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿托品", "B": "尼可刹米", "C": "碳酸氢钠", "D": "解磷定"}, "answer": "解磷定", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列不属于猩红热的病原及流行病学特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是由B族β溶血性链球菌所致", "B": "人一生中可得一次以上的猩红热", "C": "由母体获得的被动性抗毒免疫至1岁消失", "D": "经皮肤伤口可致猩红热"}, "answer": "是由B族β溶血性链球菌所致", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,55岁,被重物砸伤双下肢2小时。查体:P 108次/分,BP 113/64mmHg,神志清楚,双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心律齐,腹软,无压痛,双下肢肿胀,广泛软组织挫裂伤,最佳处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "快速输平衡盐溶液", "B": "使用升压药", "C": "输葡萄糖溶液", "D": "输血浆代用品"}, "answer": "快速输平衡盐溶液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医疗伦理学属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "境遇伦理学", "B": "规范伦理学", "C": "元伦理学", "D": "生态伦理学"}, "answer": "规范伦理学", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "嘧啶核苷酸补救途径的主要酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸苷激酶", "B": "嘧啶磷酸核糖转移酶", "C": "尿苷激酶", "D": "氨基甲酰磷酸合成酶"}, "answer": "嘧啶磷酸核糖转移酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "7个月女婴.因呕吐、腹泻4天于11月20日入院,患儿大便稀水样,无腥臭味。10余次/日,量中等。查体:呼吸46次/分,脉搏140次/分,精神萎靡,皮肤弹性差,四肢温,前囟眼窝凹陷,心音低钝,腹胀,肠鸣音减弱,四肢无力,腱反射弱。化验:便镜检:WBC0~1/HP,血钠125mmol/L。3.下列处理中正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即用5%碳酸氢钠扩容", "B": "累积损失量宜用维持液补充", "C": "补钾需4~6天或更长", "D": "选择敏感抗生素治疗"}, "answer": "补钾需4~6天或更长", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "正常情况下胃黏膜不会被胃液所消化,是因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃液中不含有可消化胃黏膜的酶", "B": "黏液-碳酸氢盐屏障的作用", "C": "胃液中的内因子对胃黏膜具有保护作用", "D": "胃液中的糖蛋白可中和胃酸"}, "answer": "黏液-碳酸氢盐屏障的作用", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "表位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗原与MHC分子结合的部分", "B": "新抗原", "C": "抗原决定簇", "D": "超抗原"}, "answer": "抗原决定簇", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,19岁。拔牙后出血不止2天。查体:心肺及肺部未见异常。实验室检查: Hb 115g/L,WBC 5.4×109/L,PLT 130×109/L,PT 11s(正常对照13s),APTT 65s(正常对照38s),TT 16s(正常对照17s)。该患者出血最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤维蛋白原缺乏", "B": "维生素K缺乏", "C": "凝血酶原缺乏", "D": "凝血因子Ⅸ缺乏"}, "answer": "凝血酶原缺乏", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "炎症的本质主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "以损伤为主的反应", "B": "局部组织发生变质、渗出、增生", "C": "局部组织的血管反应", "D": "以防御为主的病理改变"}, "answer": "以防御为主的病理改变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "介苗接种后所致结核菌素阳性反应是指硬结直径(  )。", "options": {"A": "<5mm,1~2天后反应消失", "B": "5~9mm,3~5天后反应消失", "C": "10~15mm.1周后留有色素", "D": "15~20mm,2~3周后反应消失"}, "answer": "5~9mm,3~5天后反应消失", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.琥珀酸脱氢酶的辅酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "NAD", "B": "FAD", "C": "磷酸吡哆醛", "D": "TPP"}, "answer": "FAD", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,4岁,发热、呕吐5小时入院,神志不清,口唇发绀,对诊断流行性脑脊髓膜炎有帮助的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑膜刺激征", "B": "皮肤瘀点瘀斑", "C": "反复惊厥", "D": "抽搐,昏迷"}, "answer": "脑膜刺激征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "以下不符合房间隔缺损体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心前区隆起", "B": "心尖搏动弥散", "C": "心浊音界扩大", "D": "P2分裂受呼吸影响"}, "answer": "P2分裂受呼吸影响", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女孩,2岁。生长发育迟缓及智力发育落后。查体:眼裂小、眼外眦上斜、眼距宽、外耳小、鼻梁低平,皮肤细腻。为明确诊断首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿三氯化铁试验", "B": "血T3、T4、TSH", "C": "骨龄测定", "D": "染色体核型分析"}, "answer": "染色体核型分析", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "婴儿每日水的需要量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "120ml/kg", "B": "130mI/kg", "C": "150ml/kg", "D": "160ml/kg"}, "answer": "150ml/kg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "外展神经受损时表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "眼球向外侧运动障碍", "B": "眼球向外下方运动障碍", "C": "眼球向内下方运动障碍", "D": "眼球向内侧注视有复视"}, "answer": "眼球向外侧运动障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列有关体表感染的描述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "疖是毛囊与邻近皮脂腺的化脓性感染", "B": "痈是多数散在的、不相关联的疖病", "C": "丹毒是皮内网状淋巴管的炎性病变", "D": "脓肿是急性感染后的局限性脓液积聚"}, "answer": "痈是多数散在的、不相关联的疖病", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性胰腺炎可有(  )。", "options": {"A": "上腹部或右上腹部阵发性加剧的持续性疼痛", "B": "上腹持续剧痛伴左肩、腰、背牵拉痛", "C": "食后上腹胀痛,伴呕吐", "D": "与饮食相关的慢性周期性节律性上腹痛"}, "answer": "上腹持续剧痛伴左肩、腰、背牵拉痛", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "属于肿瘤过继免疫疗法的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "注射BCG", "B": "注射IL-2", "C": "注射TIL", "D": "注射病毒性肿瘤疫苗"}, "answer": "注射TIL", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,72岁。排便时突感剧烈胸痛,继而跌倒,意识丧失,呼吸断断续续。既往有陈旧性心肌梗死和糖尿病病史,无高血压病史,诊断为心脏骤停。1.该患者心脏骤停最可能的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "冠心病", "B": "预激综合征", "C": "主动脉狭窄", "D": "肥厚型梗阻性心肌病"}, "answer": "冠心病", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "磺胺类药物的抗菌机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制二氢叶酸合成酶", "B": "破坏细菌细胞壁的合成", "C": "抑制二氢叶酸还原酶", "D": "抑制细菌DNA螺旋酶"}, "answer": "抑制二氢叶酸合成酶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "中年妇女乳头血性溢液,应首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳管内乳头状瘤", "B": "乳腺囊性增生症", "C": "乳腺纤维腺瘤", "D": "乳腺硬癌"}, "answer": "乳管内乳头状瘤", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.Cushing综合征所致精神障碍,最常见的症状为(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑郁", "B": "焦虑", "C": "精神运动性兴奋", "D": "谵妄"}, "answer": "抑郁", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "80%的小儿动脉导管解剖上关闭的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生后3天内", "B": "生后3个月内", "C": "生后6个月内", "D": "生后30个月内"}, "answer": "生后3个月内", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.引起胃容受性舒张的神经递质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃泌素", "B": "促胰液素", "C": "乙酰胆碱", "D": "血管活性肠肽"}, "answer": "血管活性肠肽", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "哪项是神经内分泌组织?(  )", "options": {"A": "垂体门脉系统", "B": "腺垂体", "C": "下丘脑", "D": "鞍区的颅咽管组织"}, "answer": "下丘脑", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "脑血栓形成最常发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈内动脉", "B": "大脑中动脉", "C": "大脑后动脉", "D": "椎基底动脉"}, "answer": "大脑中动脉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,32岁。反复脓血便伴里急后重1年,抗生素治疗无效。下消化道X线钡剂造影检查发现直肠、乙状结肠多发龛影,黏膜粗乱及颗粒样改变。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溃疡性结肠炎", "B": "肠结核", "C": "细菌性痢疾", "D": "结肠癌"}, "answer": "溃疡性结肠炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "新生儿尤其是早产儿易发生寒冷损伤综合症的病理生理中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体温调节中枢不成熟", "B": "皮肤表面积相对较大", "C": "血流较丰富", "D": "棕色脂肪含量较多"}, "answer": "棕色脂肪含量较多", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,29岁。间断腹痛、腹泻、黏液血便l年,加重2周,大便每日10余次。静脉滴注左氧氟沙星及甲硝唑10天后症状无好转。T 39℃,Hb 75g/L。粪便培养未见致病菌生长。结肠镜示全结肠弥漫性充血、水肿,伴糜烂及不规则浅溃疡,病理为重度慢性炎症,隐窝脓肿形成。2.该患者首选的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "泼尼松龙", "B": "头孢类抗生素", "C": "异烟肼", "D": "蒙脱石散"}, "answer": "泼尼松龙", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "HLA-I类抗原不在下述哪种细胞表面表达?(  )", "options": {"A": "成熟红细胞", "B": "淋巴细胞", "C": "网织红细胞", "D": "粒细胞"}, "answer": "成熟红细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "22岁男性,大学二年级学生。近一年来听课注意力不集中,发呆发愣,时有自语自笑,动作迟缓,吃一顿饭要一个多小时。5天前开始终日卧床,不吃饭,不知上厕所。精神检查:意识清晰,卧床不动不语,针刺其身体无反应。肌张力增高。令病人张嘴,反把嘴闭得更紧,把病人肢体摆成不舒服的姿势,可以保持很久不变,躯体及神经系统检查未见其他异常体征。2.该患者的正确诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "散发脑炎", "B": "分裂样人格障碍", "C": "癔症", "D": "精神分裂症"}, "answer": "精神分裂症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,45岁。间断发作心悸,大汗,手抖6月余,发作时伴饥饿感,无黑朦、眩晕等。查体:BP 140/90mmHg,睑结膜无苍白。心率68次/分,律齐。发作时测血压与平素无明显变化,心悸反复发作最可能的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "贫血", "B": "心律失常", "C": "低血糖症", "D": "甲状腺功能亢进症"}, "answer": "甲状腺功能亢进症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.梦魇(  )。", "options": {"A": "发作性暴食,食后采取呕吐,导泻或禁食来阻止发胖", "B": "通过节食,自我诱发呕吐,过度运动达到体重减轻,存在害怕发胖的超价观念", "C": "自我诱发的反复呕吐,呕吐物为刚进的食物,体重保持在正常体重的80%以上", "D": "睡眠时有噩梦,有强烈的梦境体验,伴情绪紧张、心悸等,见于任何年龄"}, "answer": "睡眠时有噩梦,有强烈的梦境体验,伴情绪紧张、心悸等,见于任何年龄", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "溃疡病穿孔后,最早出现的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高热", "B": "血压升高", "C": "腹肌强直", "D": "膈下游离气体"}, "answer": "腹肌强直", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "阿司匹林哪组作用与相应机制不符?(  )", "options": {"A": "解热作用是抑制中枢PG合成", "B": "镇痛作用主要是抑制中枢PG合成", "C": "水杨酸反应是过量中毒表现", "D": "预防血栓形成是抑制TXA2>PGI2"}, "answer": "镇痛作用主要是抑制中枢PG合成", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,26岁。近1个月出现失眠、难以入睡、食欲较差。体重减轻2kg,自觉无用、孤独,没有人关心自己,对未来也不抱任何希望。偶尔出现生不如死的想法。目前此患者存在的突出症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "“三自”症状", "B": "睡眠障碍", "C": "“三无”症状", "D": "思维迟缓"}, "answer": "“三无”症状", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "脚底戳到钉子易致什么菌体感染?(  )", "options": {"A": "梭状芽胞杆菌", "B": "结核菌", "C": "链球菌", "D": "草绿色链球菌"}, "answer": "梭状芽胞杆菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "重度有机磷农药中毒的表现,下述哪项组合是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "瞳孔明显缩小、大汗、流涎、神志模糊、心动过速", "B": "瞳孔明显缩小、大汗、流涎、视力模糊、肌无力", "C": "瞳孔明显缩小、大汗、流涎、神志不清、发绀", "D": "瞳孔明显缩小、大汗、流涎、神志模糊、血压升高"}, "answer": "瞳孔明显缩小、大汗、流涎、神志模糊、血压升高", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "鉴别上尿路结石与腹腔钙化灶常用的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CT", "B": "腹部侧位X线平片", "C": "B超", "D": "MRI"}, "answer": "腹部侧位X线平片", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有一名30岁男性患者,病程4个月,头痛发作入院。入院前出现左侧肢体无力和呕吐。入院查体:意识清,眼底视乳头水肿,左上下肢肌力Ⅳ级,腱反射活跃,病理征(+)。5.采用的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑电图", "B": "X头颅片", "C": "脑血管造影", "D": "CT"}, "answer": "CT", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者女性,22岁。左侧面颊多处开放性损伤,少量活动性出血。伤后12小时来诊,伤口处理的正确措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "清创后一期缝合", "B": "清创后延期缝合", "C": "按感染伤口处理,换药", "D": "以上均不对"}, "answer": "清创后一期缝合", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是最容易诱导免疫耐受的细胞?(  )", "options": {"A": "B细胞", "B": "单核细胞", "C": "T细胞", "D": "NK细胞"}, "answer": "T细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,25岁。妊娠7个月,发热,腰痛伴恶心、呕吐、尿频、尿急、尿痛1天。查体:T 38.5℃,左肾区叩击痛。血常规:WBC 11.9×109/L,N 0.82。尿常规:RBC 5~8/HP,WBC 30~35/HP,尿蛋白(±)。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性胰腺炎", "B": "急性膀胱炎", "C": "急性肾盂肾炎", "D": "急性胃肠炎"}, "answer": "急性肾盂肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "Th2细胞一般不分泌(  )。", "options": {"A": "IFN-γ", "B": "IL-10", "C": "IL-5", "D": "IL-4"}, "answer": "IFN-γ", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "莱姆病的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "钩端螺旋体", "B": "回归热螺旋体", "C": "伯氏疏螺旋体", "D": "奋森疏螺旋体"}, "answer": "伯氏疏螺旋体", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,43岁。进行性活动后心悸、气短5年。1周前受凉后咳嗽、咳黄痰,喘憋加重,夜间不能平卧。否认慢性咳嗽史。查体:BP100/60mmHg,双肺可闻及细湿啰音,心界向左扩大,心率115次/分,律齐,P2亢进。该患者喘憋的可能原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心力衰竭", "B": "慢性支气管炎急性发作", "C": "肺栓塞", "D": "支气管哮喘"}, "answer": "心力衰竭", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "法洛四联症,不应存在下述哪种?(  )", "options": {"A": "右心室肥大", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "主动脉骑跨", "D": "肺动脉血氧饱和度>95%"}, "answer": "肺动脉血氧饱和度>95%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.分光光度测定蛋白质含量的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋白质紫外吸收的最大波长280nm", "B": "蛋白质是两性电解质", "C": "蛋白质分子大小不同", "D": "蛋白质溶液为亲水胶体"}, "answer": "蛋白质紫外吸收的最大波长280nm", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,70岁,软弱无力,进食减少,口渴、多尿2周,近2天嗜睡。急诊检查:血压70/50mmHg,神志朦胧,皮肤干燥失水,呼吸34次/分,心率108次/分,尿糖(++++),尿酮(±)。既往无糖尿病史。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖尿病肾病", "B": "糖尿病性神经病变", "C": "糖尿病乳酸性酸中毒", "D": "高渗性非酮症糖尿病昏迷"}, "answer": "高渗性非酮症糖尿病昏迷", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一个60kg体重的成人,烧伤总面积为60%,伤后第一个8小时所需晶体液、胶体液量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2000ml", "B": "2700ml", "C": "3400ml", "D": "5400ml"}, "answer": "2700ml", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "甲状腺功能亢进症行甲状腺次全切除术后出现呼吸困难最常见的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤口血肿", "B": "甲状腺危象", "C": "甲状腺功能低下", "D": "气管塌陷"}, "answer": "伤口血肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "立克次体与细菌的主要区别是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有细胞壁和核糖体", "B": "含有DNA和RNA两种核酸", "C": "严格的细胞内寄生", "D": "对抗生素敏感"}, "answer": "严格的细胞内寄生", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,8个月,因发热2次,抽搐2次,伴呕吐,吃奶量减少,喜哭,易怒就诊。母乳喂养。查体:精神差,前囟饱满,心肺腹无异常发现,肌张力增高,脑脊液检查:外观混浊,白细胞1000×106/L,中性粒细胞为主,糖1mmol/L,氯化物107mmol/L,蛋白质2.0g/L。5.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性淋巴细胞白血病", "B": "非霍奇金淋巴瘤", "C": "急性粒细胞白血病", "D": "霍奇金淋巴瘤"}, "answer": "急性淋巴细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "引起水痘、带状疱疹的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HSV-2", "B": "VZV", "C": "CMV", "D": "EBV"}, "answer": "VZV", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,40岁,反复手关节痛1年,曾诊断为类风湿关节炎,间断使用理疗和非甾体抗炎药,症状有缓解。近1个月来低热,关节痛加重。肘后出现多个皮下结节,检查ESR 40mm/h,心脏彩超发现小量心包积液。考虑为类风湿关节炎活动。1.对疾病活动诊断最有意义的检查(  )。", "options": {"A": "C反应蛋白", "B": "心包积液病理", "C": "类风湿因子滴度", "D": "补体"}, "answer": "类风湿因子滴度", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "5个月小儿,发热2天,体温38.2℃,口周发绀,咳嗽,喘憋,前囟平软,心率128次/分,满肺喘鸣音,背部有固定的湿啰音;胸部X线呈现小片阴影及肺气肿改变。1.可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎", "B": "真菌性肺炎", "C": "腺病毒肺炎", "D": "肺炎支原体肺炎"}, "answer": "呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "王某,女性,19岁,分裂样精神病,对医生说:“我肚子里总有一男子说话声,我做什么事,他总说‘你太懒了,这事做烂了。”’此症状属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "错觉", "B": "幻视", "C": "假性幻觉", "D": "感觉障碍"}, "answer": "假性幻觉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于钠泵的叙述,下列哪项错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "是细胞膜上的镶嵌蛋白质", "B": "可逆浓度梯度或电位梯度转运Na+和K+", "C": "当细胞外钠离子浓度增多时被激活", "D": "当细胞外钾离子浓度增多时被激活"}, "answer": "当细胞外钠离子浓度增多时被激活", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,66岁,既往无心肌梗死病史,情绪激动后突发胸闷、气短,伴大汗和呕吐。2小时后达急诊室,测血压170/105mmHg。心率108次/min,心电图V1~V4导联ST段抬高,入院即刻采血,肌钙蛋白测定阴性。患者既往高血压病史10年,糖尿病病史8年。2.患者肌钙蛋白不升高的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌钙蛋白不够敏感", "B": "发作距离采血时间太短,外周血测不出", "C": "可能是变异型心绞痛发作", "D": "考虑心衰发作,肌钙蛋白不应升高"}, "answer": "发作距离采血时间太短,外周血测不出", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,40岁,因右侧甲状腺单发肿物,颈部淋巴结无肿大,施行甲状腺肿物摘除术,病理报告为甲状腺乳头状腺癌,术后5天拆线。拆线后还应对病人作的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服甲状腺片", "B": "再次手术清除患侧淋巴结", "C": "再次手术将患侧腺体连同峡部全切除,对侧腺体大部切除", "D": "颈部放射治疗"}, "answer": "再次手术将患侧腺体连同峡部全切除,对侧腺体大部切除", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,70岁。因腹主动脉瘤在某市级医院接受手术治疗,术中发生大出血,经抢救无效死亡。其子女要求复印患者在该医院的全部病历资料,而院方只同意复印其中一部分。根据《医疗事故处理条例》规定,其子女有权复印的病历资料是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上级医师查房记录", "B": "死亡病例讨论记录", "C": "会诊意见", "D": "手术及麻醉记录单"}, "answer": "手术及麻醉记录单", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于社会主义市场经济条件下加强医学伦理学教育的表述不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "扩大市场经济对医学实践的正效应", "B": "抑制市场经济对医学实践的负效应", "C": "为解决各种医学实践的矛盾提供方法", "D": "强化医疗服务质量以经济效益为衡量标准"}, "answer": "强化医疗服务质量以经济效益为衡量标准", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心肌收缩力加强导致静脉回心血量增加的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血流速度快", "B": "动脉血压升高", "C": "心缩期室内压较低", "D": "心舒期室内压较低"}, "answer": "心舒期室内压较低", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者男性,7岁。木刺扎伤手指后稍有出血,2天后疼痛加剧,手指红肿并向掌部蔓延,跳痛,局部发热。手指肿胀与正常组织无明显界限。这种病变应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "浆液性炎", "B": "纤维素性炎", "C": "蜂窝织炎", "D": "坏疽"}, "answer": "蜂窝织炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.详细向病人讲清配合治疗的必要性,以获得病人与医师配合的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人的权利", "B": "病人的义务", "C": "医生的义务", "D": "病人和医生共同的义务"}, "answer": "医生的义务", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,55岁,清晨因叫不醒被送来急诊,以前曾有多次清晨不易唤醒,胡言乱语及行为异常,进甜食后可缓解。无糖尿病家族史。体检发现患者肥胖,呈昏迷状,心、肺、腹(-)。2.最有效的措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "静点谷氨酸钠", "B": "静推50%葡萄糖", "C": "静点支链氨基酸", "D": "利尿"}, "answer": "静推50%葡萄糖", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不符合营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血临床表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛发稀疏、发黄", "B": "头围增大", "C": "震颤", "D": "舌炎"}, "answer": "头围增大", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一中年患者,前臂尺、桡骨双骨折,经手法复位2次失败。此时比较合理的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小夹板固定,三周后再行手术治疗", "B": "持续骨牵引治疗", "C": "手术切开复位,钢板内固定", "D": "待骨折愈合后,再行矫正手术"}, "answer": "手术切开复位,钢板内固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,22岁,神志不清2h入院,既往患1型糖尿病5年,长期皮下注射胰岛素,近3d因腹泻而停用。查体:血压70/50mmHg,皮肤中度失水征,呼吸深大,有烂苹果味,心率130/min。1.哪项检查最可能与诊断无关?(  )", "options": {"A": "血糖", "B": "血电解质测定", "C": "尿糖、尿酮", "D": "血培养"}, "answer": "血培养", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "新生儿窒息复苏时最根本的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "尽量吸尽呼吸道黏液", "B": "胸外按压心脏", "C": "复苏器加压给氧", "D": "触觉刺激"}, "answer": "尽量吸尽呼吸道黏液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.病人对经治医生不满意时,可以重新选择医生属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人的权利", "B": "医生的权利", "C": "医生的义务", "D": "病人和医生共同的义务"}, "answer": "病人的权利", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "诊断新生儿Rh溶血病有确诊价值的试验是(  )。", "options": {"A": "婴儿血型", "B": "患儿红细胞直接抗人球蛋白试验", "C": "患儿血清游离抗体", "D": "改良法抗人球蛋白试验"}, "answer": "患儿红细胞直接抗人球蛋白试验", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "《母婴保健法》规定,经产前检查,医师发现或者怀疑胎儿异常的,应当对孕妇进行(  )。", "options": {"A": "产前诊断", "B": "终止妊娠手术", "C": "结扎手术", "D": "医学技术鉴定"}, "answer": "产前诊断", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.不按规定使用麻醉药品、精神药物,情节严重的,由卫生行政部门给予的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "暂停执业活动3个月至6个月", "B": "给予行政处分", "C": "吊销医师执业证书", "D": "追究刑事责任"}, "answer": "吊销医师执业证书", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,70岁,2周来反复胸痛,发作与劳累及情绪有关,休息可以缓解。3小时前出现持续性疼痛,进行性加剧,并气促,不能平卧,血压110/70mmHg,心率120次/min,律齐,心尖部可闻及3级收缩期杂音,双肺散在哮鸣音及湿啰音。该患者的诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "风心病二尖瓣关闭不全", "B": "扩张型心肌病", "C": "支气管肺炎", "D": "急性心肌梗死并发左心衰竭"}, "answer": "急性心肌梗死并发左心衰竭", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,67岁。5年来出现进行性乏力、纳差,逐渐加重,且不能耐受饥饿。既往有肺结核病史。查体:BP 90/60mmHg,肤色黑,掌纹处明显,双肺呼吸音清,心率90次/分,腹软,无明显压痛。该患者的最可能诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺结核", "B": "Addison病", "C": "黑棘皮病", "D": "Nelson综合征"}, "answer": "Addison病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿腹泻每日补钾量正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一般按3~4mmol/kg", "B": "重者按500mg/kg", "C": "轻者按1~2mmol/kg", "D": "极少数病例可按600mg/kg"}, "answer": "一般按3~4mmol/kg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "脊髓震荡是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓受压", "B": "脊髓挫伤", "C": "脊髓裂伤", "D": "脊髓暂时性功能抑制"}, "answer": "脊髓暂时性功能抑制", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于柠檬酸—丙酮酸循环的叙述,哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "提供NADH", "B": "参与TAC的部分反应", "C": "提供NADPH", "D": "消耗ATP"}, "answer": "提供NADH", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪一项不是《母婴保健法》第十八条规定的严重缺陷?(  )", "options": {"A": "无脑畸形、脑脊膜膨出", "B": "内脏膨出或内脏外翻", "C": "缺少右耳廓", "D": "脑积水、脊柱裂"}, "answer": "缺少右耳廓", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.VLDL的作用(  )。", "options": {"A": "运送内源性TG", "B": "运送内源性Ch", "C": "运送外源性TG", "D": "蛋白质含量最高"}, "answer": "运送内源性TG", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,55岁。进行性呼吸困难2个月,心界向两侧扩大,心率120次/分。Ewart征阳性,应立即采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗生素治疗", "B": "心包穿刺抽液", "C": "抗结核治疗", "D": "心脏移植"}, "answer": "心包穿刺抽液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.能产生高血钾的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呋塞米", "B": "螺内酯", "C": "氢氯噻嗪", "D": "氨苯蝶啶"}, "answer": "氨苯蝶啶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.上述哪项属于医学伦理学的基本规范?(  )", "options": {"A": "有利、公正", "B": "权利、义务", "C": "廉洁奉公", "D": "医乃仁术"}, "answer": "廉洁奉公", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "第十胸椎压缩性骨折合并脊髓损伤,损伤的脊髓是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸腰段脊髓", "B": "胸段脊髓", "C": "腰段脊髓", "D": "腰骶段脊髓"}, "answer": "腰段脊髓", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "6个月女,中度脱水,酸中毒,经纠正酸中毒与补液,12小时后出现嗜睡,呼吸较前为浅,心音低钝,心率160次/分,腹胀,肠鸣音弱,血钠为135mmol/L。2.治疗应采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "补钠", "B": "继续纠酸", "C": "补钾", "D": "能量合剂"}, "answer": "补钾", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.进展期癌(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺导管内癌", "B": "结肠腺瘤性息肉病", "C": "胃中分化腺癌侵及粘膜下层", "D": "食管低分化鳞癌侵及深肌层"}, "answer": "食管低分化鳞癌侵及深肌层", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是免疫缺陷最主要的临床特征?(  )", "options": {"A": "营养不良", "B": "对病原微生物感染的易感性增加", "C": "超敏反应的发生率增高", "D": "自身免疫病的发病率下降"}, "answer": "对病原微生物感染的易感性增加", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,56岁,10d来咳嗽、发热38℃,自服感冒药不见好转,黄痰遥渐增多,痰量30~50ml/d,偶尔有脓血痰。白细胞19×109/L;X线胸片见右肺有大片模糊阴影,其中有一带液平面的薄壁空洞。门诊首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺结核", "B": "中央型肺璃", "C": "肺脓肿", "D": "周围型肺癌"}, "answer": "肺脓肿", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.肺气肿(  )。", "options": {"A": "湿性啰音", "B": "反复咳血", "C": "桶状胸", "D": "肺褐色硬变"}, "answer": "桶状胸", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "DNA和RNA的水解产物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "碱基相同,戊糖不同", "B": "碱基不同,戊糖相同", "C": "部分碱基相同,戊糖不同", "D": "部分碱基不同,戊糖相同"}, "answer": "部分碱基相同,戊糖不同", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于PCR技术,下列哪种叙述是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "是一种有细胞的分子克隆技术", "B": "是一种DNA扩增技术", "C": "具有快速、灵敏和特异性强等特点", "D": "也可用于细菌等微生物DNA片段的检测"}, "answer": "是一种有细胞的分子克隆技术", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "脑疝病人最有效的脱水药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "20%甘露醇", "B": "静脉用速尿", "C": "固利压", "D": "山梨醇"}, "answer": "20%甘露醇", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,48岁,体检发现右肾下极有2cm×2cm占位病变,IVU尿路造影未见右肾盂肾盏形态改变,CT可诊断右肾下极恶性肿瘤,左肾形态和功能正常,下面治疗方案哪项是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "根治性右肾切除", "B": "右肾切除", "C": "右肾动脉栓塞", "D": "右肾部分切除加放化疗"}, "answer": "根治性右肾切除", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "金葡菌产生的致病物质不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "溶血素", "B": "致热外毒素", "C": "剥脱性毒素", "D": "耐热核酸酶"}, "answer": "致热外毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是对强迫症有特殊效果的药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "氯氮平", "B": "佳静安定", "C": "氯丙嗪", "D": "氯丙咪嗪"}, "answer": "氯丙咪嗪", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,70岁。吞咽困难半个月。查体无明显阳性体征。上消化道钡餐造影示食管中段黏膜紊乱,管壁僵硬,管腔狭窄。该患者最可能的初步诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "食管憩室", "B": "贲门失弛缓症", "C": "食管癌", "D": "食管平滑肌瘤"}, "answer": "食管癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,20岁,2月初发病,主诉寒战、高热、剧烈头痛一天,曾呕吐3次。体检:神志清,体温39.8℃,颈强(±),皮肤有瘀点,咽部略充血,心肺腹无异常,克氏征(+)。血白细胞20×109/L,中性粒细胞85%。腰穿脑脊液,米汤样,Pandy(+++),细胞数3000×106/L,中性80%,糖1.12mmol/L(20mg%)。3.最有效的治疗的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素G", "B": "氯霉素", "C": "头孢霉素", "D": "庆大霉素"}, "answer": "青霉素G", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.基底膜呈虫蚀状(  )。", "options": {"A": "新月体性肾炎", "B": "膜性肾炎", "C": "膜性增生性肾炎(Ⅰ型)", "D": "轻微病变性肾炎"}, "answer": "膜性肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.基底膜有钉状突起出现在(  )。", "options": {"A": "膜性肾炎", "B": "膜性增生性肾炎(Ⅰ型)", "C": "轻微病变性肾炎", "D": "膜性增生性肾炎(Ⅱ型)"}, "answer": "膜性肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某患者出现颈静脉怒张、肝肿大和双下肢水肿,最可能是由下列哪种心血管疾病导致?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺水肿", "B": "右心衰", "C": "左心衰", "D": "高血压"}, "answer": "右心衰", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪项是人唾液中含有的酶?(  )", "options": {"A": "脂肪酶和肽酶", "B": "脂肪酶和蛋白酶", "C": "淀粉酶和溶菌酶", "D": "蛋白酶和溶菌酶"}, "answer": "淀粉酶和溶菌酶", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,21岁。车祸致左髋关节受伤,出现左髋部疼痛、外展、外旋、屈曲畸形,弹性固定。正确的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "股骨颈骨折", "B": "髋关节后脱位", "C": "髋关节中心性脱位", "D": "髋关节前脱位"}, "answer": "髋关节前脱位", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.治疗哮喘持续状态(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖皮质激素类静脉滴注", "B": "抗生素", "C": "色甘酸钠", "D": "心得安"}, "answer": "糖皮质激素类静脉滴注", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "教育部所属综合大学的附属医院发现脊髓灰质炎疫情,应当报告的部门是(  )。", "options": {"A": "国家教育行政部门", "B": "国家疾病预防控制机构", "C": "所在地的政府卫生行政部门", "D": "所在地的疾病预防控制机构"}, "answer": "所在地的疾病预防控制机构", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)在人体内作用的靶细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD4+T淋巴细胞", "B": "CD8+T淋巴细胞", "C": "B淋巴细胞", "D": "CTL细胞"}, "answer": "CD4+T淋巴细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "各类型休克的根本变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "代谢性酸中毒", "B": "脉搏快", "C": "尿量少", "D": "组织灌注不足"}, "answer": "组织灌注不足", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,29岁。外阴瘙痒伴分泌物增多3天。妇科检查:外阴及阴道黏膜充血,阴道内大量豆渣状分泌物。正确的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "常规阴道冲洗", "B": "抗真菌治疗", "C": "甲硝唑治疗", "D": "雌激素治疗"}, "answer": "抗真菌治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "协助诊断肾挫伤,首要的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血肌酐", "B": "尿常规", "C": "腹部CT平扫", "D": "血细胞比容"}, "answer": "腹部CT平扫", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "《红楼梦》中的林黛玉,其动作稳定缓慢,观察事物细致入微,敏感多疑,孤独多虑,情感体验深刻且持久。1.林黛玉的气质类型属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "多血质", "B": "胆汁质", "C": "抑郁质", "D": "兴奋质"}, "answer": "抑郁质", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,68岁。半年来每天排便4~5次,便中带血及黏液。突发腹胀、停止排气排便2天。查体:T 37.2℃,全腹轻微压痛,左侧腹平脐可触及包块,腹部叩诊鼓音,肠鸣音6~7次/分,直肠指诊未触及肿物。实验室检查:Hb 90g/L,WBC 6.7×109/L。X线透视示全腹多个气液平。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "降结肠癌", "B": "升结肠癌", "C": "横结肠癌", "D": "结肠脾曲癌"}, "answer": "降结肠癌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿急性感染性喉炎特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热", "B": "犬吠样咳嗽", "C": "鼻塞", "D": "呼吸快"}, "answer": "犬吠样咳嗽", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "智商IQ的结果高于平常,是指其分数为(  )。", "options": {"A": "70~79", "B": "80~89", "C": "90~109", "D": "110~119"}, "answer": "110~119", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "咽-结合膜热的病原体为(  )。", "options": {"A": "合胞病毒", "B": "柯萨奇病毒", "C": "腺病毒", "D": "EB病毒"}, "answer": "腺病毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "引起慢性肾功能不全的最常见的继发性肾脏病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "淀粉样变肾病", "B": "糖尿病肾病", "C": "良性肾小动脉硬化", "D": "系统性红斑狼疮"}, "answer": "糖尿病肾病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于医学伦理学的基本范畴,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医学伦理学的基本范畴就是医务人员的权利和义务", "B": "医学伦理学的基本范畴就是医学伦理学的基本概念", "C": "医学伦理学的基本范畴实质就是基本规范", "D": "医学伦理学的基本范畴就是医务人员行为的基本标准"}, "answer": "医学伦理学的基本范畴就是医学伦理学的基本概念", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一新生儿生后不哭,四肢青紫,心率90次/分,对刺激无反应,下肢伸直。2.判断窒息程度(  )。", "options": {"A": "中度", "B": "重度", "C": "极重度", "D": "无窒息"}, "answer": "重度", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "痰呈铁锈色最常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎链球菌肺炎", "B": "肺炎支原体肺炎", "C": "葡萄球菌肺炎", "D": "病毒性肺炎"}, "answer": "肺炎链球菌肺炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.远处转移早,一般不采用手术治疗的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "滤泡状腺癌", "B": "未分化癌", "C": "髓样癌", "D": "甲状腺腺瘤"}, "answer": "未分化癌", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "房间隔缺损的血液动力学改变(  )。", "options": {"A": "右心房、右心室扩大", "B": "左心房、左心室扩大", "C": "左心房、右心房、右心室扩大", "D": "左心房、右心室、左心室扩大"}, "answer": "右心房、右心室扩大", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "精神分裂症最多见的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "关系被害妄想", "B": "夸大妄想", "C": "罪恶妄想", "D": "嫉妒妄想"}, "answer": "关系被害妄想", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "股骨上1/3骨折,近折片的移位方向是(  )。", "options": {"A": "屈曲外展外旋位", "B": "后伸外展内旋位", "C": "屈曲内收内旋位", "D": "后伸内收内旋位"}, "answer": "屈曲外展外旋位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "建筑工人不慎坠楼,腰剧痛,双下肢感觉运动障碍,排尿、排便功能障碍。1.现场搬运的正确方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "平托或滚动法", "B": "双人搂抱法", "C": "单人搂抱法", "D": "背驮法"}, "answer": "平托或滚动法", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "以下哪种损害可引出Chaddock征?(  )", "options": {"A": "脊髓丘脑束损害", "B": "锥体束损害", "C": "薄束损害", "D": "楔束损害"}, "answer": "锥体束损害", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项不是营养性巨幼细胞性贫血的原因(  )。", "options": {"A": "长期羊奶喂养", "B": "长期服用抗癫痫药", "C": "慢性腹泻", "D": "长期服用维生素C"}, "answer": "长期服用维生素C", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "正常人红细胞在不同浓度的低渗盐溶液中形态不同,在0.5%NaCl溶液中红细胞的形态会产生何种变化?(  )", "options": {"A": "膨胀", "B": "正常", "C": "破裂", "D": "先缩小后破裂"}, "answer": "膨胀", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女孩,12岁,身材矮小,且比例不匀称,伴智力低下,测其身高及上部量。2.诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "佝偻病", "B": "正常儿童", "C": "克汀病", "D": "先天愚型"}, "answer": "克汀病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列不属于代偿性肥大的是哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "经锻炼的骨骼肌肥大", "B": "一侧肾脏切除后,另一侧肾脏的肥大", "C": "雌激素影响下的妊娠子宫", "D": "以上均不属于代偿性肥大"}, "answer": "雌激素影响下的妊娠子宫", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "10月上旬,门诊病人30岁,男性,来自农村,3天前出现高热,全身痛,近2日少尿。查体:可见醉酒貌,猫爪样出血,肾区叩痛。此时首先考虑的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾炎", "B": "重感冒", "C": "肾综合征出血热", "D": "紫癜"}, "answer": "肾综合征出血热", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.与细菌黏附宿主细胞有关的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "荚膜", "B": "鞭毛", "C": "菌毛", "D": "异染颗粒"}, "answer": "菌毛", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.蛛网膜下腔出血最常见的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压", "B": "先天性脑底动脉瘤", "C": "脑动脉粥样硬化", "D": "风湿性心脏病"}, "answer": "先天性脑底动脉瘤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "可以引起孕产妇以右心衰竭为首发症状的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "重型胎盘早剥", "B": "妊娠合并高血压", "C": "羊水栓塞", "D": "妊娠合并风湿性心脏病产褥感染"}, "answer": "羊水栓塞", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肝硬化患者肝功能减退的临床表现不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "脾大", "B": "黄疸", "C": "水肿", "D": "肝掌"}, "answer": "脾大", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.肺顺应性可作为反映上述何种阻力的指标?(  )", "options": {"A": "惯性阻力", "B": "气道阻力", "C": "肺弹性阻力", "D": "胸廓弹性阻力"}, "answer": "肺弹性阻力", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下叙述不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不适宜的Ag量会导致免疫耐受", "B": "有适宜的抗原,缺乏第二信号,T细胞仍可活化", "C": "缺乏生长因子及分化因子,T细胞及B细胞不能增生、分化", "D": "特殊的Ag表位及Ag表位的变异均会导致耐受"}, "answer": "有适宜的抗原,缺乏第二信号,T细胞仍可活化", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于肝脏解剖正确的叙述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆囊管汇合于右肝管", "B": "胆囊管汇合于肝总管", "C": "胆囊管汇合于左肝管", "D": "胆囊管汇合于十二指肠球后部胆总管"}, "answer": "胆囊管汇合于肝总管", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "疟疾的传播媒介为(  )。", "options": {"A": "伊蚊", "B": "库蚊", "C": "按蚊", "D": "白蛉"}, "answer": "按蚊", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "目前国内最常见的细菌性痢疾病原菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "福氏志贺菌", "B": "宋氏志贺菌", "C": "舒氏志贺菌", "D": "痢疾志贺菌"}, "answer": "福氏志贺菌", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "最易形成小脑幕裂孔疝的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "顶叶肿瘤", "B": "颞叶肿瘤", "C": "枕叶肿瘤", "D": "小、脑肿瘤"}, "answer": "颞叶肿瘤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.适应性体液免疫应答中最早产生的抗体分子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgE", "B": "IgA", "C": "IgG", "D": "IgM"}, "answer": "IgM", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "化脓性脑膜炎的典型脑脊液改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "白细胞明显增高,中性粒细胞明显增高", "B": "糖含量增高,氯化物降低", "C": "蛋白增高,糖增高", "D": "压力增高,外观清亮"}, "answer": "白细胞明显增高,中性粒细胞明显增高", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,28岁,患糖尿病5年,消瘦,血糖常在16.7mmol/L(300mg/dl)以上,易出现酮症,胰岛素释放试验低平型,较好的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "饮食疗法+胰岛素", "B": "饮食疗法+胰岛素+格列吡嗪", "C": "单纯胰岛素治疗", "D": "甲福明(二甲双胍)+饮食疗法,必要时加胰岛素"}, "answer": "饮食疗法+胰岛素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于狂犬病病毒的特点,哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "病毒只一个血清型", "B": "患病动物是传染源", "C": "狂犬咬伤后100%发病", "D": "可用病毒死疫苗进行预防"}, "answer": "狂犬咬伤后100%发病", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,36岁。慢性肾衰竭4年。1周来水肿加重伴恶心、呕吐、胸痛、呼吸困难。查体:T 38.1℃,BP 180/100mmHg,心前区可闻及心包摩擦音。血红蛋白63g/L,血尿素氮28.6mmol/L,肌酐870.9μmol/L。2.目前治疗错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "利尿", "B": "抗感染", "C": "快速补充血容量", "D": "控制血压"}, "answer": "快速补充血容量", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.T、B细胞定居、分化、增殖的场所是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓", "B": "淋巴结", "C": "外周免疫器官", "D": "脾"}, "answer": "外周免疫器官", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "伤寒宜选(  )。", "options": {"A": "多西环素", "B": "四环素", "C": "氯霉素", "D": "氨苄西林"}, "answer": "氯霉素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "学生甲从医学院口腔专业1999年6月毕业,因对所分配单位不满意,便在7月28日向当地区卫生局申请个体行医,当即答复不准。未准该申请是因为甲应(  )。", "options": {"A": "经注册后在医疗、预防、保健机构中执业满5年", "B": "毕业后在医疗、预防、保健机构中试用3年", "C": "经注册后在医疗、预防、保健机构中执业满3年", "D": "毕业后在医疗、预防、保健机构中试用2年"}, "answer": "经注册后在医疗、预防、保健机构中执业满5年", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.罗杰斯(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分析学派", "B": "行为主义学派", "C": "人本主义学派", "D": "认知学派"}, "answer": "人本主义学派", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有关衣原体的描述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "原体在细胞外不稳定", "B": "原体以吞饮方式进入细胞", "C": "在空泡内始体增大而发育成原体", "D": "原体是发育周期中的繁殖型"}, "answer": "原体以吞饮方式进入细胞", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列不属于含有B族维生素的辅酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "磷酸吡哆醛", "B": "细胞色素C", "C": "辅酶A", "D": "焦磷酸硫胺素"}, "answer": "细胞色素C", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "风湿热的临床次要表现有(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗链球菌抗体增高", "B": "皮下小结", "C": "皮肤环形红斑", "D": "血沉增快"}, "answer": "血沉增快", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪种描述是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺小细胞癌是分化最低、恶性程度最高的一种类型", "B": "肺小细胞癌又称燕麦细胞癌", "C": "肺腺癌的发生率高于肺鳞癌", "D": "肺腺癌的发生率低于肺鳞癌"}, "answer": "肺腺癌的发生率高于肺鳞癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肉芽组织的组成是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小动脉和纤维母细胞", "B": "毛细血管和胶原纤维", "C": "纤维母细胞和小静脉", "D": "毛细血管和纤维母细胞"}, "answer": "毛细血管和纤维母细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "Graves病的基本原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "长期碘摄入过多", "B": "各种因素致下丘脑分泌TRH过多", "C": "各种原因致垂体分泌TSH过多", "D": "遗传易感性和自身免疫功能异常"}, "answer": "遗传易感性和自身免疫功能异常", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.评估人格(  )。", "options": {"A": "MMPI", "B": "SAS", "C": "SCL-90", "D": "TAT"}, "answer": "MMPI", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.对客观事物歪曲的知觉(  )。", "options": {"A": "幻觉", "B": "错觉", "C": "内感性不适", "D": "感知综合障碍"}, "answer": "错觉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "滋养细胞肿瘤最常见的转移部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺", "B": "脑", "C": "肾", "D": "阴道"}, "answer": "肺", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于出生后血循环的改变,以下不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺循环的阻力下降", "B": "卵圆孔功能上关闭", "C": "动脉导管功能上关闭", "D": "脐血管血流停止,立即形成韧带"}, "answer": "脐血管血流停止,立即形成韧带", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "最有助于自身免疫性胃炎诊断的实验室检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血壁细胞抗体检测", "B": "胃液中胃蛋白酶定量", "C": "胃酸测定", "D": "血清胃泌素测定"}, "answer": "血壁细胞抗体检测", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,20岁,在一次体检中发现HBsAg阳性,当时无自觉症状及体征,肝功能正常。次年5月,因突然乏力、恶心、厌食、尿黄而入院。化验:ALT 500U,血清总胆红素85μmol/L,抗HAVIgM(+)。该患者的诊断可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙型肝炎,慢性迁延型,既往感染过甲型肝炎", "B": "急性甲型黄疸型肝炎,乙型肝炎病毒携带者", "C": "急性乙型肝炎,合并甲型肝炎", "D": "急性黄疸型肝炎,甲、乙型肝炎病毒混合感染"}, "answer": "急性甲型黄疸型肝炎,乙型肝炎病毒携带者", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "婴儿体重4kg,前囟1.5cm×1.5cm,能微笑,头不能竖立,已形成第一个条件反射,即抱起喂奶时出现吸吮动作。1.最可能的月龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2周", "B": "1~2个月", "C": "3~4个月", "D": "4~6个月"}, "answer": "1~2个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.新生儿生理性黄疸的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤色红润,皮下脂肪丰满,毳毛少", "B": "肝葡萄糖醛酸基转移酶活性低", "C": "呼吸常不规则,甚至呼吸暂停", "D": "足月新生儿生后3~5天出现乳腺肿大"}, "answer": "肝葡萄糖醛酸基转移酶活性低", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.IgE的转换因子(  )。", "options": {"A": "IL-l", "B": "IL-2", "C": "IL-4", "D": "IL-6"}, "answer": "IL-4", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "能够引起排卵后体温升高的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "黄体生成素", "B": "促卵泡激素", "C": "雌激素", "D": "孕激素"}, "answer": "孕激素", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "非甾体抗炎药引起急性胃炎的主要机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "激活磷脂酶A", "B": "抑制前列腺素合成", "C": "促进胃泌素合成", "D": "直接侵蚀"}, "answer": "抑制前列腺素合成", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于HLA-Ⅱ类抗原分子叙述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "由α链和β2m链组成", "B": "呈递外源性抗原", "C": "分布在所有有核细胞的表面", "D": "由HLAA、B、C等基因编码"}, "answer": "由α链和β2m链组成", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有关脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗的描述不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可引起并发症", "B": "可能活化其他潜伏病毒", "C": "疫苗可置室温下长期保存", "D": "免疫力低下患者不宜服用"}, "answer": "疫苗可置室温下长期保存", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女孩,6岁,3岁时发现有室间隔缺损,当时未曾手术治疗,最近来门诊检查时发现有显著的肺动脉高压,在这种情况下主要引起哪一方面的改变?(  )", "options": {"A": "右心房增大", "B": "左心房增大", "C": "右心室增大", "D": "左心室增大"}, "answer": "右心室增大", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.过敏反应引起局部组织水肿的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血浆胶体渗透压降低", "B": "组织液胶体渗透压升高", "C": "组织液静水压降低", "D": "淋巴回流受阻"}, "answer": "组织液胶体渗透压升高", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,20岁,平素健康,淋雨后突发寒战、高热、头痛,第2天出现右侧胸痛、咳嗽、咳痰,胸片示右上肺大片实变影。1.体检不会出现的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右上肺叩诊浊音", "B": "气管向左侧偏移", "C": "右上肺语颤增强", "D": "脉率增快"}, "answer": "气管向左侧偏移", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "硫酸镁中毒时最先出现的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸减慢", "B": "血压下降", "C": "心率加快", "D": "膝反射消失"}, "answer": "膝反射消失", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "铅主要蓄积在(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝脏", "B": "肺脏", "C": "脾脏", "D": "骨骼"}, "answer": "骨骼", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "治疗顽固性心力衰竭首先进行的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "做血液超滤", "B": "使用非洋地黄类强心药", "C": "静脉应用血管扩张剂", "D": "寻找病因"}, "answer": "寻找病因", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "输血时主要考虑供血者的(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞不被受血者血浆所凝集", "B": "红细胞不发生叠连", "C": "血浆不被受血者血浆所凝集", "D": "血浆不被受血者红细胞所凝集"}, "answer": "红细胞不被受血者血浆所凝集", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "根据国内标准,关于血红蛋白测定值下述哪一项可诊断为贫血?(  )", "options": {"A": "成年女性低于110g/L", "B": "成年男生低于130g/L", "C": "哺乳期低于115g/L", "D": "初生儿至3个月低于l50g/L"}, "answer": "成年女性低于110g/L", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,24岁。妊娠9周行吸宫流产术时,出血量多,首要的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "按摩子宫", "B": "输液输血", "C": "排空宫腔内容物", "D": "静脉注射止血剂"}, "answer": "排空宫腔内容物", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "多次接受输血的病人所发生的非溶血性输血反应与下列哪种抗体有关?(  )", "options": {"A": "ABO血型抗体", "B": "抗Ig抗体", "C": "抗DNA抗体", "D": "抗白细胞和抗血小板HLA抗体"}, "answer": "抗白细胞和抗血小板HLA抗体", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不是多巴胺药理作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "激动心脏β-受体", "B": "促进去甲肾上腺素的释放", "C": "激动血管α-受体", "D": "大剂量可使肾血管舒张"}, "answer": "大剂量可使肾血管舒张", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.尺神经损伤的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Mills征阳性", "B": "拇指、示指、中指皮肤麻木及屈曲,对掌功能障碍", "C": "前臂旋转活动受限", "D": "Froment征阳性"}, "answer": "Froment征阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对青霉素G最敏感的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立克次体", "B": "钩端螺旋体", "C": "衣原体", "D": "真菌"}, "answer": "钩端螺旋体", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4岁男孩,低热半月,伴咳嗽,纳差。查体:体温38.2℃,两侧颈淋巴结肿大.两肺呼吸音粗,心脏腹部无异常,血WBC7.8×109/L,PPD试验72小时,皮肤硬结16mm。胸透:右肺中叶可见密集增深阴影,右肺门有团块状阴影。1.该患儿可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支原体肺炎", "B": "右肺肿物", "C": "原发型肺结核", "D": "支气管异物继发感染"}, "answer": "原发型肺结核", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,59岁,因面部剧烈疼痛而来门诊求治。疼痛从右侧口角开始,放射至右外眦部,呈刀割样或撕裂样,爆发性,每次发作数秒钟,并常为说话、刷牙或咀嚼所触发。1.疼痛局限的神经支配区是(  )。", "options": {"A": "三叉神经眼支", "B": "三叉神经上颌支", "C": "舌咽神经", "D": "面神经"}, "answer": "三叉神经上颌支", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,8岁,发热1天,体温39.8℃,头痛、呕吐、浅昏迷,Babinski征阳性。血象:白细胞18.5×109/L,中性粒细胞0.85。已确诊为流行性乙型脑炎。2.流行性乙型脑炎最主要的死亡原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "过高热", "B": "反复惊厥", "C": "呼吸衰竭", "D": "循环衰竭"}, "answer": "呼吸衰竭", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,38岁。上腹不适、纳差3年,体重减轻,乏力半年。查体:贫血貌,上腹部轻压痛,Hb 88g/L,MCV 115fl,胃镜检查示胃体皱襞稀疏,黏膜血管透见。2.对诊断最有意义的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血癌胚抗原", "B": "血胃蛋白酶原", "C": "血壁细胞抗体", "D": "血抗线粒体抗体M2亚型"}, "answer": "血壁细胞抗体", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,26岁,心悸、消瘦3个月,甲状腺Ⅱ度肿大,质软,可闻及血管杂音,临床诊断为Graves病。以下化验结果不可能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "T3、T4升高", "B": "TSH升高", "C": "TSAb阳性", "D": "血胆固醇下降"}, "answer": "TSH升高", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "心身疾病不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺功能亢进", "B": "冠心病", "C": "支气管哮喘", "D": "重症肌无力"}, "answer": "重症肌无力", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "为避免小儿发生营养性贫血应该(  )。", "options": {"A": "按时添加辅助食品", "B": "提倡母乳喂养", "C": "早产儿两个月后应给予铁剂口服", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性肝硬化患者性欲减退、睾丸萎缩、肝掌的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺皮质激素过多", "B": "雌激素过多", "C": "甲状腺激素过多", "D": "肾上腺素过多"}, "answer": "雌激素过多", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症的发病机理,以下不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血钙低于1.75~1.88mmol/L", "B": "甲状旁腺反应灵敏", "C": "血磷正常或增高", "D": "植物神经功能紊乱"}, "answer": "甲状旁腺反应灵敏", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,68岁。右膝关节疼痛8年,加重伴活动受限1年。查体:右膝关节内翻屈曲挛缩畸形。X线检查示右膝内侧关节间隙狭窄,髌骨关节面不平整。首选治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胫骨高位截骨术", "B": "人工膝关节置换术", "C": "膝关节融合术", "D": "关节镜下清理术"}, "answer": "人工膝关节置换术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新月体性肾小球肾炎Ⅲ型患者血液免疫学检查最常出现的异常是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体阳性", "B": "单克隆免疫球蛋白增高", "C": "抗肾小球基底膜抗体阳性", "D": "冷球蛋白阳性"}, "answer": "抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "发作早期治疗应选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "心得安", "B": "甘露醇", "C": "麦角胺咖啡因", "D": "苯妥英钠"}, "answer": "麦角胺咖啡因", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.用药期间应合用维生素B6的药物(  )。", "options": {"A": "异烟肼", "B": "链霉素", "C": "利福平", "D": "乙胺丁醇"}, "answer": "异烟肼", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,31岁。产后5个月,哺乳期,阴道不规则流血半月余,胸闷咳嗽10天。妇科检查:宫颈前唇有一个2cm×1cm×1cm的紫蓝色结节,子宫如50天妊娠大小,质软,无压痛。双侧附件区各触及囊性包块,均约6cm×5cm×5cm大小,表面光滑。胸X线片示双肺中下部多发棉絮状阴影。1.对诊断意义最大的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "盆腔B超检查", "B": "胸腔镜检查", "C": "血、尿常规检查", "D": "血清hCG测定"}, "answer": "血清hCG测定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.霍乱弧菌的主要致病因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠毒素", "B": "内毒素", "C": "外毒素", "D": "神经毒素"}, "answer": "肠毒素", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一小儿体重20kg,身长110cm,身长之中点位于脐与耻骨联合之间,腕部骨化中心出现7个,已出现第一磨牙,没开始换牙。1.最可能的年龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "4岁", "B": "3岁", "C": "6岁", "D": "7岁"}, "answer": "6岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,24岁,近日发现左膝关节疼痛,行走困难,休息缓解,自觉左小腿上内似有肿块,压痛。查体:左膝关节活动稍受限,胫骨上端内侧肿胀,压痛。X线摄片所见左胫骨上端内侧有一肥皂泡样阴影,膨胀性生长。2.本例适当的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "休息、营养", "B": "广谱抗生素治疗", "C": "手术治疗", "D": "物理治疗"}, "answer": "手术治疗", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,10岁。发热11天,体温38~39℃,刺激性咳喘明显,胸痛。查体:双肺散在干啰音,胸片:左肺下野淡薄片状阴影,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺病毒肺炎", "B": "呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎", "C": "肺炎支原体肺炎", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎"}, "answer": "肺炎支原体肺炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,55岁。10年前诊断为肝炎肝硬化,3年前行门腔静脉分流术,2天前出现睡眠倒错、计算能力下降。该患者不宜进食的食物种类是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低脂饮食", "B": "高维生素食物", "C": "高纤维素食物", "D": "高蛋白饮食"}, "answer": "高蛋白饮食", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.B细胞发育成熟的场所是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓", "B": "淋巴结", "C": "外周免疫器官", "D": "脾"}, "answer": "骨髓", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.梅毒的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "疱疹病毒", "B": "人免疫缺陷病毒", "C": "苍白密螺旋体", "D": "HPV"}, "answer": "苍白密螺旋体", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "诊断颅部的线形骨折主要靠(  )。", "options": {"A": "CTA", "B": "X线摄片", "C": "B超", "D": "脑血管造影"}, "answer": "X线摄片", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.明尼苏达多相人格调查表属(  )。", "options": {"A": "人格测验问卷", "B": "人格投射测验", "C": "评定量表", "D": "神经心理学测验"}, "answer": "人格测验问卷", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.硬膜下积液(  )。", "options": {"A": "1岁之内患儿患化脓性脑膜炎易合并", "B": "结核性脑膜炎", "C": "脑膜炎双球菌脑膜炎", "D": "新生儿化脓性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "1岁之内患儿患化脓性脑膜炎易合并", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "健康人血清蛋白(白蛋白)主要用于(  )。", "options": {"A": "补充营养", "B": "增强机体抵抗力", "C": "低血容量性休克的扩容治疗", "D": "自身免疫性疾病的治疗"}, "answer": "低血容量性休克的扩容治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心绞痛发作时,可出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "体温升高", "B": "血沉加快", "C": "动脉血压增高", "D": "以上都不正确"}, "answer": "动脉血压增高", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,23岁,5周前因腹痛、腹泻脓血便伴里急后重感在当地医院诊断为“急性细菌性痢疾”,经口服环丙沙星治疗4天好转,l天前吃西瓜后再次出现腹痛、腹泻,大便每日达10余次,轻度里急后重。粪便镜检每高倍视野脓细胞20~40个,红细胞20~30个。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性典型细菌性痢疾", "B": "急性非典型细菌性痢疾", "C": "慢性迁延型细菌性痢疾", "D": "慢性隐匿型细菌性痢疾"}, "answer": "急性典型细菌性痢疾", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪一种氨基酸是生酮氨基酸?(  )", "options": {"A": "赖氨酸", "B": "谷氨酸", "C": "亮氨酸", "D": "甘氨酸"}, "answer": "亮氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,55岁。右上腹疼痛3个月。呈持续性钝痛,向右肩背部放射,伴乏力,发病以来体重减轻6kg。查体:T 36.5℃,P 80次/分,R 18次/分,BP 120/80mmHg,巩膜无黄染,双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心律齐,肝肋下3cm,质地稍硬,有结节感。实验室检查AFP 800μg/L,CEA正常。腹部B超:肝右叶8cm×6cm占位性病变,向外生长,周边血流量增强;门静脉正常。最理想的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肿瘤切除加放疗", "B": "根治性肝切除术", "C": "局部射频治疗", "D": "经肝动脉化疗栓塞"}, "answer": "根治性肝切除术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "足月儿,胎吸助娩,生后窒息,转入儿科36小时一直嗜睡,偶吐,左顶部有血肿,前囟3cm×3cm,颅缝略宽。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿低血糖", "B": "新生儿先天性脑积水", "C": "新生儿化脓性脑膜炎", "D": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病"}, "answer": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "17岁男性,高热伴皮肤淤斑1周,查体:T 39℃,胸部和下肢可见淤斑,浅表淋巴结不大,巩膜部黄染,胸骨压痛,右下肺可闻及少许啰音,心率110次/分,律齐,腹软,肝脾未及,检查:Hb 75g/L,WBC 2.8×109/L,PLT 20×1012/L,骨穿示增生极度活跃,见大量细胞胞浆内有粗大颗粒,易见Auer小体,有的呈团状,POX染色阳性和强阳性,最可能诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性单核细胞白血病", "B": "急性粒单核细胞白血病", "C": "急性早幼粒细胞性白血病", "D": "急性巨核细胞白血病"}, "answer": "急性早幼粒细胞性白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.骨囊肿可见到(  )。", "options": {"A": "表面静脉怒张", "B": "多发生于扁平骨及不规则骨", "C": "发病后迅速出现瘫痪", "D": "病理性骨折后可自愈"}, "answer": "病理性骨折后可自愈", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,22岁,农民,因3天来发热、腰痛、头痛、头晕,于12月15日入院。查:T37.6℃,BP 70/40mmHg,眼结膜充血,面部、颈部潮红,胸腹两侧壁散在小出血点,双肾区有叩击痛。血WBC 18×109/L,血小板52×109/L,尿蛋白(+++)。镜检每高倍视野有10~20个红细胞,1~2个管型。2.进一步确诊应检查(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾综合征出血热特异性IgM抗体", "B": "外斐反应", "C": "血培养", "D": "脑脊液常规及培养"}, "answer": "肾综合征出血热特异性IgM抗体", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某病人怕狗,一见到狗,狗的图片,乃至狗毛都会吓得发抖,因此他一直回避这些场景,不敢到可能有狗出现的场所,不敢去阅读可能会出现狗图片的报纸、杂志等。心理医生详尽地了解了病人焦虑的场合和回避的程度,制定了一张恐怖等级表,并让患者逐步接受这些曾经令他恐怖的场景。这种治疗方法称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "快速暴露法", "B": "行为塑造法", "C": "系统脱敏法", "D": "厌恶疗法"}, "answer": "系统脱敏法", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,71岁,因脑供血不足住院,住院期间整夜不眠,时常自言自语,在床边摸索,上述症状持续l周后,病情加重,出现情绪紧张,恐惧,严重时不能辨别家人,不认识管床医生,此病人的诊断考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿尔茨海默病", "B": "血管性痴呆", "C": "反应性精神障碍", "D": "谵妄状态"}, "answer": "谵妄状态", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,30岁。近1年来常低头不语,失眠头痛,对事物不感兴趣,对工作学习无信心,责怪埋怨自己对家庭、社会没有任何价值,曾有轻生念头并切腕自杀未遂。自感脑子开动不起来,不愿活动,食欲差,睡眠不好。病前无明显精神因素,体检及神经系统检查未见异常。1.该病人考虑诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "反应性精神病", "B": "抑郁症", "C": "心理障碍", "D": "人格障碍"}, "answer": "抑郁症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,67岁。3周前无明显诱因出现咳嗽,咳黄白痰带血丝,经抗生素治疗效果不佳。体检:体温37.8℃,血压正常,右上肺呼吸音稍弱伴少许湿啰音。血常规WBC 14×109/L,N 0.85。3.如果该患者右侧胸腔出现中等量积液,其原因最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核性胸膜炎", "B": "肺脓肿合并胸腔积液", "C": "肺癌胸膜转移", "D": "衣原体肺炎"}, "answer": "肺癌胸膜转移", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "冈崎片段的生成是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "真核生物有多个复制起始点", "B": "RNA引物合成不足", "C": "随从链的复制与解链方向相反", "D": "DNA连接酶缺失"}, "answer": "随从链的复制与解链方向相反", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,女,2岁半,走路时有蹲踞现象,剧烈哭闹时,突然出现呼吸困难,晕厥2次,查体见口唇青紫,心前区隆起,胸骨左缘第2~4肋间有2~3级收缩期喷射状杂音,向锁骨下传导;就诊时又晕厥一次,发作时杂音消失。1.诊断该患儿为法洛四联征,其昏厥的原因可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低血糖", "B": "心功能不全", "C": "脑栓塞", "D": "脑缺氧"}, "answer": "脑缺氧", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不引起血管内溶血的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿", "B": "异常血红蛋白病", "C": "冷抗体型自身免疫性溶血性贫血", "D": "G6PD缺乏症"}, "answer": "异常血红蛋白病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "适合手术治疗的高血压脑内血肿是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丘脑出血,深昏迷", "B": "内囊型血肿,深昏迷", "C": "外侧型血肿,病情加重", "D": "外侧型血肿,病情稳定"}, "answer": "外侧型血肿,病情加重", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在心理评估中,向被试者呈现一幅简单的几何图形,并要求被试者临摹,以观察其视觉空间能力。这种方法属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "会谈法", "B": "问卷法", "C": "观察法", "D": "作业法"}, "answer": "作业法", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "腹泻患儿,补液后排尿,此时输液瓶中尚有不含钾的液体200ml,此液体中最多可加10%氯化钾多少毫升(  )。", "options": {"A": "2ml", "B": "4ml", "C": "6ml", "D": "10ml"}, "answer": "6ml", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,26岁,停经50天,左下腹胀痛2天,肛门坠胀1天,平素月经规律。BP 96/60mmHg。与诊断无关的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "后穹隆饱满", "B": "宫颈举痛", "C": "宫颈软并着色", "D": "宫颈光滑"}, "answer": "宫颈光滑", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "H1受体阻断药对下列哪种病最有效?(  )", "options": {"A": "血清病高热", "B": "皮肤黏膜过敏症状", "C": "支气管哮喘", "D": "过敏性休克"}, "answer": "皮肤黏膜过敏症状", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "正常成人的血液总量约相当于体重的(  )。", "options": {"A": "8%", "B": "60%", "C": "20%", "D": "15%"}, "answer": "8%", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "两样本均数比较的t检验,差别有统计学意义时,P越小,说明(  )。", "options": {"A": "两总体均数的差别不大", "B": "两总体均数的差别越大", "C": "越有理由认为两样本均数不同", "D": "越有理由认为两总体均数不同"}, "answer": "越有理由认为两总体均数不同", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列肺炎中最易并发肺脓肿的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "真菌性肺炎", "B": "干酪性肺类", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "D": "肺炎链球菌肺炎"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "卵巢肿瘤最常见的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蒂扭转", "B": "囊性变", "C": "恶变", "D": "感染"}, "answer": "蒂扭转", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "转移性骨肿瘤患者酸性磷酸酶增高,其原发灶可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "前列腺癌", "B": "胰头癌", "C": "胆囊癌", "D": "子宫颈癌"}, "answer": "前列腺癌", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,58岁,渐发性双上肢震颤、活动不利半年。既往体健,无慢性疾病史。头颅MRl无异常发现。查体:面部表情呆滞,四肢肌张力增高,齿轮样,双上肢向前平伸时可见4或5次/分钟震颤,双手指鼻试验正常。3.首选治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯妥英钠", "B": "左旋多巴", "C": "地西泮", "D": "多巴胺"}, "answer": "左旋多巴", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列引起尿毒症的毒素中,不属于小分子毒素的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿素", "B": "尿酸", "C": "溶菌酶", "D": "胺类"}, "answer": "溶菌酶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿女,1岁。腹痛、哭闹、呕吐,伴果酱样血便4天,发热2天。查体:面色苍白,出汗。腹肌紧张,有压痛和反跳痛,脐右上方扪及腊肠形肿块,右下腹空虚。最佳的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "空气灌肠", "B": "钡剂灌肠", "C": "急诊手术", "D": "观察"}, "answer": "急诊手术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,40岁,糖尿病12年,每日皮下注射混合胰岛素治疗,早餐前30U,晚餐前24U,每日进餐规律,主食量300g。近来空腹血糖12.5mmol/L,餐后血糖7.6~9.0mmol/L。3.以下哪项为较为合适的处理?(  )", "options": {"A": "改用口服降糖药", "B": "调整胰岛素剂量", "C": "加磺脲类降糖药物", "D": "调整进餐量"}, "answer": "调整胰岛素剂量", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "幼儿期年龄的划分应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "出生到1岁", "B": "出生到2岁", "C": "1岁到3岁", "D": "1岁到4岁"}, "answer": "1岁到3岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,50岁,因反复呕吐5天入院,患者神志不清,腱反射减低,脉搏120次/分,血压70/50mmHg,测血清钠为118mmol/L,应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "轻度缺钠", "B": "重度缺钠", "C": "中度缺水", "D": "重度缺水"}, "answer": "重度缺钠", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.人类和所有生物与生俱来就有一种不断发展增长和延续其机体的趋势,这是哪个学派的观点?(  )", "options": {"A": "精神分析学派", "B": "人本主义学派", "C": "心理生理学理论", "D": "完形学派"}, "answer": "人本主义学派", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "转氨酶的辅酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "泛酸", "B": "生物素", "C": "磷酸吡哆醛", "D": "焦磷酸硫胺素"}, "answer": "磷酸吡哆醛", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心脏骤停最重要的诊断依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心音消失", "B": "手足抽搐", "C": "呼吸断续", "D": "呼之不应"}, "answer": "心音消失", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,22岁,l年前开始复习准备报考研究生,近半年出现没有精力,脑力迟钝,注意力不集中,记忆力差,心情紧张而不能松弛,易激惹,有时感觉头痛、乏力,入睡困难,最近1个月加重。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "焦虑症", "B": "抑郁症", "C": "强迫症", "D": "神经衰弱"}, "answer": "神经衰弱", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某人的红细胞与B型血的血清凝集,而其血清与B型血的红细胞不凝集,此人血型为(  )。", "options": {"A": "B型", "B": "A型", "C": "AB型", "D": "Rh型"}, "answer": "AB型", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.金黄色葡萄球菌感染(  )。", "options": {"A": "蜂窝织炎", "B": "脓肿", "C": "纤维素性炎", "D": "肉芽肿性炎"}, "answer": "脓肿", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "充血指的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉血回流受阻,血液淤积于毛细血管和小静脉内", "B": "动脉输入血量增多", "C": "静脉输入血量增多", "D": "局部组织血管内血液含量增多"}, "answer": "局部组织血管内血液含量增多", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性溶血或慢性溶血急性发作与慢性溶血的区别是(  )。", "options": {"A": "出现乏力、头晕", "B": "出现贫血", "C": "出现高热、休克可伴有血红蛋白尿", "D": "出现心率快、气短、心前区杂音"}, "answer": "出现高热、休克可伴有血红蛋白尿", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "B型流感嗜血杆菌脑膜炎,好发年龄为(  )。", "options": {"A": "2个月至2岁", "B": "2岁~5岁", "C": "5岁~12岁", "D": ">12岁"}, "answer": "2个月至2岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,25岁。低热2周。查体:气管不偏,右侧胸部呼吸运动减弱,右下肺触觉语颤正常,叩诊呈浊音,肺泡呼吸音减低,未闻及湿啰音,左肺未见异常。2.为明确诊断。应选用的最简便检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部X线片", "B": "胸部CT", "C": "胸部B超", "D": "血气分析"}, "answer": "胸部X线片", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不属于初级结合型胆汁酸的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "牛磺胆酸", "B": "甘氨胆酸", "C": "甘氨脱氧胆酸", "D": "牛磺鹅脱氧胆酸"}, "answer": "甘氨脱氧胆酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "最常见的早期输血并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溶血反应", "B": "发热反应", "C": "细菌污染反应", "D": "酸中毒"}, "answer": "发热反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "单细胞真菌的繁殖方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "二分裂", "B": "出芽", "C": "由孢子囊释放孢子", "D": "复制"}, "answer": "出芽", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "既能抑制甲状腺素合成,又能抑制外周组织中T4变为T3,还能抑制免疫球蛋白生成的药物为(  )。", "options": {"A": "碘化物", "B": "丙硫氧嘧啶", "C": "卡比马唑", "D": "普萘洛尔"}, "answer": "丙硫氧嘧啶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于抗原,下述哪一项组合是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "自身抗原、HLA", "B": "半抗原、青霉素", "C": "细胞浆抗原、线粒体抗原", "D": "异嗜性抗原、Forssman抗原"}, "answer": "自身抗原、HLA", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "杀菌性抗结核药为(  )。", "options": {"A": "异烟肼,利福平,乙胺丁醇", "B": "异烟肼,链霉素,乙胺醇", "C": "异烟肼,利福平,链霉素", "D": "异烟肼,利福平,乙硫异烟胺"}, "answer": "异烟肼,利福平,链霉素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,22岁,大学二年级学生,近一年来听课发愣,不做笔记,时有自语、自笑,动作迟缓,吃一顿饭要一个多小时,病人5天前开始终日卧床,不吃饭,不知上厕所。精神检查:意识清晰,卧床不动不语,针刺其身体无反应,肌张力增高,令病人张嘴,反把嘴闭得更紧,把病人肢体摆成不舒服的姿势,可以保持很久不变,躯体及神经系统检查无异常。3.最有效的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗躁狂治疗(碳酸锂)", "B": "抗抑郁治疗(阿米替林)", "C": "抗焦虑治疗(地西泮)", "D": "抗精神病治疗(舒必利)"}, "answer": "抗精神病治疗(舒必利)", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,30岁,高血压2年,否认心脏和肺部疾病史,无糖尿病史。查体:体态匀称,BP 150/95mmHg,P 99次/min。该患者最适宜的降压药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "利尿剂", "B": "β受体阻滞剂", "C": "二氢吡啶类钙通道阻滞剂", "D": "中枢交感神经抑制剂"}, "answer": "β受体阻滞剂", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "与细菌在体内扩散无关的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血浆凝固酶", "B": "透明质酸酶", "C": "链激酶", "D": "胶原酶"}, "answer": "血浆凝固酶", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,20岁。施工时左大腿开放伤,未发现骨折,行简单的创口缝合,2天后感伤部包扎过紧,疼痛剧烈,患肢肿胀明显,缝合处血性液体渗出多,恶臭。1.该患者此时最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "丹毒", "B": "急性蜂窝织炎", "C": "急性淋巴管炎", "D": "气性坏疽"}, "answer": "气性坏疽", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于肾病综合征的主要临床特征,以下最正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量蛋白尿,高血压,血尿,低蛋白血症", "B": "高度水肿,高血压,血尿,高脂血症", "C": "大量蛋白尿,低蛋白血症,高脂血症,水肿", "D": "高血压,血尿,低补体血症,少尿"}, "answer": "大量蛋白尿,低蛋白血症,高脂血症,水肿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "5.窦道(  )。", "options": {"A": "具有两端开口的病理性通道", "B": "只有一端开口的盲管", "C": "表面或黏膜上皮坏死脱落形成较深缺损", "D": "单个毛囊发生的化脓性炎"}, "answer": "只有一端开口的盲管", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,28岁,孕2个月,近1个月心悸、多汗、易饥、体重下降。轻度突眼,甲状腺Ⅱ度肿大,质软,无震颤,未闻血管杂音。心、肺、腹(-)。3.该病人治疗应注意(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗甲状腺药物量稍小,使甲状腺功能维持在稍高于正常水平,避免应用心得安类药物,产后不宜哺乳", "B": "抗甲状腺药物量及甲状腺功能维持均与正常人相似,可使用小剂量心得安类药物,但产后不宜哺乳", "C": "抗甲状腺药物剂量应大,可与甲状腺制剂合用避免发生甲低,可使用心得安类药物,产后不宜哺乳", "D": "抗甲状腺药物量及甲状腺功能维持均与正常人相似,避免使用镇静安眠药物及产后哺乳"}, "answer": "抗甲状腺药物量稍小,使甲状腺功能维持在稍高于正常水平,避免应用心得安类药物,产后不宜哺乳", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,32岁,后背及双上臂沸水烫伤4小时,查体:T 37.4℃,P 100次/分,R 20次/分,BP 130/90mmHg,意识清楚,后背及双上臂背侧红肿明显,大量水疱,基底发红,疼痛明显。1.该患者皮肤烧成的深度和分度(  )。", "options": {"A": "浅Ⅱ°中度烧伤", "B": "深Ⅱ°轻度烧伤", "C": "深Ⅱ°重度烧伤", "D": "浅Ⅱ°轻度烧伤"}, "answer": "浅Ⅱ°中度烧伤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,35岁。上腹部突发刀割样剧痛2小时急诊入院。查体:强迫体位,板状腹,全腹压痛、反跳痛、肌紧张,以右上腹为著。肝浊音界减小,肠鸣音减弱。1.若行诊断性腹腔穿刺,穿刺液性质最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "草绿色、透明", "B": "血性、恶臭", "C": "完全为血性", "D": "黄色、浑浊、含胆汁或食物残渣"}, "answer": "黄色、浑浊、含胆汁或食物残渣", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "低渗性脱水重度缺钠出现周围循环衰竭,应立即(  )。", "options": {"A": "按每公斤体重缺NaCl 0.5g计算,快速输生理盐水", "B": "按血清钠下降值×体重×0.6计算,快速输生理盐水", "C": "快速输入胶体液及晶体液,以补充血容量", "D": "输高渗葡萄糖及升压药物使血压上升"}, "answer": "快速输入胶体液及晶体液,以补充血容量", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.半效杀菌药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吡嗪酰胺", "B": "乙胺丁醇", "C": "氨硫脲", "D": "乙硫异烟胺"}, "answer": "吡嗪酰胺", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列各项中不符合急性白血病初诊时改变的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "贫血", "B": "白细胞正常", "C": "自细胞减少", "D": "血小板增高"}, "answer": "血小板增高", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于脑出血治疗的表述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "收缩压维持在120~130mmHg", "B": "每日静脉补液量3500ml以上", "C": "大剂量应用止血芳酸", "D": "保持安静,积极控制脑水肿"}, "answer": "保持安静,积极控制脑水肿", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "“夫医者,非仁爱之士不可托业;非聪明理达不可任也;非廉洁淳良不可信也。”此语出自(  )。", "options": {"A": "晋代杨泉", "B": "宋代林逋", "C": "明代陈实功", "D": "清代王清任"}, "answer": "晋代杨泉", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某年轻女患者因患左侧乳腺癌住院行根治术。术中同时为右侧乳房一个不明显硬节也做了常规冰冻病理切片,结果提示:右侧乳房小肿块部分癌变。此时,医生的最佳伦理选择为(  )。", "options": {"A": "依救死扶伤原则,行右乳大部分切除术", "B": "依人道原则,立即行右乳大部分切除术", "C": "依有利原则,立即行右乳根治术", "D": "依知情同意原则,立即行右乳大部分切除术"}, "answer": "依知情同意原则,立即行右乳大部分切除术", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.肱骨外上髁炎主要体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "“4”字试验阳性", "B": "伸肌腱牵拉试验(Mills征)阳性", "C": "杜加(Dugas)征阳性", "D": "直腿抬高试验(Lasegue)阳性"}, "answer": "伸肌腱牵拉试验(Mills征)阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,86岁。1年来日常活动时即感胸闷,4天前突发夜间阵发性呼吸困难,伴咳粉红泡沫痰。查体:血压100/70mmHg,心尖搏动呈抬举样,胸骨右缘第2肋间可闻及4/6级收缩期喷射样杂音,向颈部传导,双肺可闻及散在细湿啰音。2.最恰当的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉滴注大剂量抗生素", "B": "暂不处理,密切随访", "C": "口服血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂", "D": "尽早外科手术"}, "answer": "尽早外科手术", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,28岁。持续胸痛l天,深吸气时加重。心电图:除aVR外的其他导联ST段呈弓背向下抬高。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性胸膜炎", "B": "急性肺栓塞", "C": "变异型心绞痛", "D": "急性心包炎"}, "answer": "急性心包炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,40岁。幽门梗阻致反复呕吐15天入院,呼吸浅慢,血压90/70mmHg(12.0/9.3kPa)。实验室检查:血清钾3.0mmol/L、钠130mmol/L,pH 7.5,血浆HCO35mmol/L。1.该病人酸碱失衡诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "代谢性酸中毒", "B": "呼吸性碱中毒", "C": "代谢性碱中毒", "D": "代谢性酸中毒合并呼吸性酸中毒"}, "answer": "代谢性碱中毒", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "伤寒最具特征性的病变部位在(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠系膜淋巴结", "B": "结肠", "C": "回肠下段集合淋巴结与孤立淋巴滤泡", "D": "乙状结肠"}, "answer": "回肠下段集合淋巴结与孤立淋巴滤泡", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.用于治疗麻风病药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "利福平", "B": "伯氨喹", "C": "氟康唑", "D": "环磷酰胺"}, "answer": "利福平", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,30岁,半年来肥胖,皮肤出现痤疮、紫纹,化验血皮质醇增高,血糖增高,小剂量地塞米松抑制试验血皮质醇较对照低38%,大剂量地塞米松抑制试验血皮质醇较对照低78%。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺皮质腺瘤", "B": "肾上腺皮质腺癌", "C": "Cushing病", "D": "异位ACTH综合征"}, "answer": "Cushing病", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.患儿1岁,表情呆滞,眼距宽,眼裂小,鼻梁低平,双眼外侧上斜,通贯手(  )。", "options": {"A": "21-三体综合征", "B": "18-三体综合征", "C": "苯丙酮尿症", "D": "黏多糖病"}, "answer": "21-三体综合征", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,24岁。一周前从外地旅游返家,发热、咳嗽、呼吸困难,全身酸痛,倦怠。实验室检查:WBC 3.2×109/L,血清学检测特异性IgM抗体阳性。患者可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "衣原体肺炎", "B": "病毒性肺炎", "C": "真菌性肺炎", "D": "传染病"}, "answer": "病毒性肺炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "合成RNA的原料是(  )。", "options": {"A": "NDP", "B": "NTP", "C": "dNTP", "D": "Dndp"}, "answer": "NTP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "运用铁剂治疗缺铁性贫血,疗效观察最早出现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓血细胞形态恢复", "B": "红细胞升高", "C": "平均红细胞体积(MCV)增大", "D": "网织红细胞增加"}, "answer": "网织红细胞增加", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列骨肉瘤的典型临床表现,不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "多见于年轻人", "B": "好发于骨骺生长活跃部位", "C": "骨膜下三角形新生骨(Codman三角)", "D": "为一密度减低的阴影,病灶内有钙化斑点或絮状斑片"}, "answer": "为一密度减低的阴影,病灶内有钙化斑点或絮状斑片", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,58岁。反复腹胀、尿少,双下肢水肿2年,加重伴腹痛1周。口服螺内酯及呋塞米后尿量无明显增加,慢性乙型肝炎病史15年。腹腔穿刺抽出淡黄色腹水,腹水白细胞750×109/L,中性粒细胞580×109/L。以下治疗措施中错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "限制钠盐摄入", "B": "应用广谱抗生素", "C": "补充清蛋白", "D": "腹水浓缩回输"}, "answer": "腹水浓缩回输", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "7.意志缺乏(  )。", "options": {"A": "是急性精神分裂症的常见症状", "B": "是慢性精神分裂症的常见症状", "C": "是躁狂症的常见症状", "D": "是神经衰弱的常见症状"}, "answer": "是慢性精神分裂症的常见症状", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.泌尿系肿瘤的尿异常表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "活动后血尿", "B": "全程无痛性血尿", "C": "尿频尿急后伴血尿", "D": "乳糜性血尿"}, "answer": "全程无痛性血尿", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪个甲状腺激素在甲亢时升高最常见和最有诊断意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "TT4", "B": "TT3", "C": "FT3", "D": "rT3"}, "answer": "FT3", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于肺通气的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸运动是肺通气的原动力", "B": "安静时正常成人呼吸频率为20~25次/分", "C": "平静呼吸时吸气是主动的,呼气是被动的", "D": "用力呼吸时吸气和呼气都是主动的"}, "answer": "安静时正常成人呼吸频率为20~25次/分", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.皮肤弥漫充血,上有密集针尖大小丘疹(  )。", "options": {"A": "风疹", "B": "幼儿急疹", "C": "猩红热", "D": "肠道病毒感染"}, "answer": "猩红热", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "治疗急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎的关键是(  )。", "options": {"A": "取净胆道内结石", "B": "抗菌药物治疗无效后再手术治疗", "C": "纠正水、电解质紊乱", "D": "引流胆管"}, "answer": "引流胆管", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,18岁。练双杠时撞击上腹部,突发腹痛4小时。疼痛加重,伴背部疼痛、恶心、呕吐,呕吐物中有胃液和胆汁。既往有胆囊炎病史。腹部X线平片检查:横结肠肝曲胀气,腹膜后有气体征象。粪隐血(-)。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右肾破裂", "B": "胆囊破裂", "C": "十二指肠破裂", "D": "结肠破裂"}, "answer": "十二指肠破裂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "治疗吸入性肺脓肿首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "氨基糖苷类", "B": "3代头孢菌素", "C": "青霉素", "D": "红霉素"}, "answer": "青霉素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医患双方都具有独立人格要求医师做到(  )。", "options": {"A": "从各方面关心患者", "B": "不伤害患者", "C": "平等待患", "D": "关心患者心理需求"}, "answer": "平等待患", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.引起间日疟及卵形疟复发的根源是疟原虫的(  )。", "options": {"A": "子孢子", "B": "迟发型子孢子", "C": "裂殖体", "D": "裂殖子"}, "answer": "迟发型子孢子", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.中度脱水(  )。", "options": {"A": "烦躁不安,眼窝明显凹陷,皮肤弹性较差,尿少", "B": "烦躁不安,眼窝明显凹陷,皮肤弹性可,哭泪少,尿量可", "C": "精神萎靡,昏睡,眼窝深陷,皮肤弹性极差,无尿", "D": "精神稍差,眼窝稍凹陷,皮肤弹性可,尿稍少"}, "answer": "烦躁不安,眼窝明显凹陷,皮肤弹性较差,尿少", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "脑动脉粥样硬化最常受累的动脉是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大脑中动脉", "B": "颈内动脉起始部", "C": "大脑后动脉", "D": "大脑前动脉"}, "answer": "大脑中动脉", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,32岁,系复发性甲亢病人,现药物治疗6个月,FT3、FT4正常,甲状腺Ⅱ°肿大,TSAb滴度仍高,且较前无明显下降,下一步的治疗方案为(  )。", "options": {"A": "减少抗甲状腺药物剂量", "B": "继续目前治疗", "C": "手术治疗", "D": "除原治疗外,加免疫抑制剂"}, "answer": "手术治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "低渗性脱水主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血钾低", "B": "血镁低", "C": "血钠低", "D": "血磷低"}, "answer": "血钠低", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,47岁,因胃溃疡行胃大部切除术,术后出现顽固性呃逆。应首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "手术造成膈神经损伤", "B": "腹膜后血肿刺激腹腔神经丛", "C": "粘连引起胃扭转", "D": "膈下感染"}, "answer": "膈下感染", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于大肠杆菌DNA聚合酶的叙述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "具有3′→5′核酸外切酶活性", "B": "不需引物", "C": "需要四种不同的三磷酸核苷", "D": "dUTP是它的一种作用物"}, "answer": "具有3′→5′核酸外切酶活性", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "29岁经产妇,人工流产术后半年,术后一直避孕。断续阴道流血,量不多。尿妊娠试验阳性,查子宫大、质软。胸片见两肺中下部有多处散在棉絮团影。患者最可能的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄胎", "B": "侵蚀性葡萄胎", "C": "绒毛膜癌", "D": "胎盘部位滋养细胞肿瘤"}, "answer": "绒毛膜癌", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一位肿瘤病学专家在同事的协助下,为一肺癌病人做胸穿,抽出了1000毫升胸水。第二天早上交班时,这位专家问当班护士:此病人是什么时候做的胸穿?你注意观察了吗?病人的呼吸、心跳怎样?……护士有些紧张,答得不完全。这位专家说:这些内容医师要管,护士也要管,我们应共同努力。2.下述医师做法或叙述中,不符合“共同维护病人利益”这一原则的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医师发现检验师检验报告不合格,只是当着病人的面说些“水平太低了”的话,然后又开出另一种检验项目单,嘱病人去做", "B": "下级医师为上级医师掩饰失误,损害了病人利益", "C": "护士发现医嘱中有点疑问,及时向医师提出,医师认为护士多事,才上了几天班,你懂什么", "D": "上级主管部门就病人反映的某医师开CT检查单而分得“开单费”的违规问题而来调查情况时,因怕伤害朋友情面和影响科室创收,知情医师不配合。"}, "answer": "下级医师为上级医师掩饰失误,损害了病人利益", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "限制性内切核酸酶切割DNA后产生(  )。", "options": {"A": "5′磷酸基和3′羟基基团的末端", "B": "5′磷酸基和3′磷酸基团的末端", "C": "5′羟基和3′羟基基团的末端", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "5′磷酸基和3′羟基基团的末端", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.擅自开办医疗机构行医给患者造成损害的(  )。", "options": {"A": "责令暂停6个月以上1年以下执业活动", "B": "追究刑事责任", "C": "罚款", "D": "承担赔偿责任"}, "answer": "承担赔偿责任", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.单纯型肾病(  )。", "options": {"A": "微小病变", "B": "内皮系膜增生性肾炎", "C": "IgA肾病", "D": "膜增生性肾炎"}, "answer": "微小病变", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有关弥散性血管内凝血治疗,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "早期忌用抗纤溶治疗", "B": "低凝期可与肝素一起小剂量使用抗纤溶治疗", "C": "继发纤溶亢进时可单用抗纤溶治疗", "D": "高凝血状态下出血症状明显的,应立即输新鲜血"}, "answer": "高凝血状态下出血症状明显的,应立即输新鲜血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.激活蛋白激酶A需(  )。", "options": {"A": "cAMP", "B": "磷脂酰丝氨酸", "C": "IP3", "D": "GSH"}, "answer": "cAMP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "类风湿关节炎最早出现的关节症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "晨僵", "B": "关节痛", "C": "关节肿", "D": "关节活动障碍"}, "answer": "关节痛", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性老人除了躯体健康的重视,在心理健康的维护上以下哪项是不合理的?(  )", "options": {"A": "继续进行人生的追求", "B": "养成健康的行为习惯", "C": "丰富自己的精神生活", "D": "改变不良的气质特征"}, "answer": "改变不良的气质特征", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性白血病诊断的主要依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热、贫血、出血", "B": "白细胞计数>50×109/L", "C": "骨髓增生极度活跃", "D": "骨髓中原始细胞明显增高"}, "answer": "骨髓中原始细胞明显增高", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,55岁。乏力、食欲减退1个月,症状逐渐加重、尿黄及眼黄1周。2个月前家中装修房子及搬家劳累。慢性乙型肝炎20年,无明显症状,未监测肝功能,未进行抗HBV治疗。查体:慢性病容,神志清,皮肤、巩膜黄染,腹部胀气,脾于肋下可触及,腹水征可疑。实验室检查:ALT 250U/L,AST 300U/L,TBi 300μmol/ L,ALB 30g/L,HBsAg(+),抗HBc(+),HBV DNA 6×107拷贝/ml。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "淤胆型肝炎", "B": "急性重症肝炎", "C": "亚急性重型肝炎", "D": "慢性肝炎"}, "answer": "慢性肝炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有三叉神经病损表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "右面部痛温觉障碍,张口下颌偏向右侧", "B": "右面部痛温觉障碍,右闭目不能", "C": "右面部痛温觉障碍,张口下颌偏向左侧", "D": "左面部痛温觉障碍,张口下颌偏向右侧"}, "answer": "右面部痛温觉障碍,张口下颌偏向右侧", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)在人体内作用的靶细胞?(  )", "options": {"A": "CD4+T淋巴细胞", "B": "CD8+T淋巴细胞", "C": "B淋巴细胞", "D": "NK细胞"}, "answer": "CD4+T淋巴细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,45岁,甲状腺肿大20余年,近1年来出现性情急躁、消瘦、心悸、多汗,体检见双侧甲状腺呈结节性肿大,两侧不对称,无眼球突出,基础代谢率测定增高至+40%。3.最常用而有效的治疗办法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺大部切除术", "B": "口服小剂量甲状腺素", "C": "131I核素治疗", "D": "口服他巴唑"}, "answer": "甲状腺大部切除术", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性患者,50岁,2小时前木棒击伤左颞部,伤后头痛、呕吐,1小时前意识不清。查体:中度昏迷,左瞳散大,右侧肢体病理征(+)。诊断考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "硬膜下血肿伴脑疝", "B": "硬膜外血肿伴脑疝", "C": "脑损伤伴脑疝", "D": "原发脑干损伤"}, "answer": "硬膜外血肿伴脑疝", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "真正的有效通气量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺活量", "B": "每分通气量", "C": "肺总容量", "D": "肺泡通气量"}, "answer": "肺泡通气量", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.腹膜后肿瘤,鱼肉状,镜下见分化差的梭形脂肪母细胞(  )。", "options": {"A": "平滑肌瘤", "B": "脂肪瘤", "C": "脂肪肉瘤", "D": "骨肉瘤"}, "answer": "脂肪肉瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者女,38岁,已婚,右乳外上象限可触及一直径3cm包块,同侧腋窝触到肿大淋巴结。2.若体检结果为T2N1M0,按TNM分期应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "0期", "B": "Ⅰ期", "C": "Ⅱ期", "D": "Ⅳ期"}, "answer": "Ⅱ期", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.脑营养不良性萎缩(  )。", "options": {"A": "四肢动脉粥样硬化", "B": "肠系膜动脉粥样硬化", "C": "冠状动脉粥样硬化", "D": "脑动脉粥样硬化"}, "answer": "脑动脉粥样硬化", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.颅脑手术后一般采用(  )。", "options": {"A": "去枕平卧", "B": "去枕侧卧", "C": "15°~30°斜坡卧位", "D": "低半坐卧位"}, "answer": "15°~30°斜坡卧位", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者颈椎外伤截瘫。查体:双上肢屈肘位,屈肘动作存在,伸肘功能丧失,损伤部位是在(  )。", "options": {"A": "3~4颈椎之间", "B": "4~5颈椎之间", "C": "5~6颈椎之间", "D": "6~7颈椎之间"}, "answer": "5~6颈椎之间", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心理应激可产生的改变需除外(  )。", "options": {"A": "个性改变", "B": "情绪改变", "C": "行为改变", "D": "躯体内环境改变"}, "answer": "个性改变", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "6岁女孩,因间断低热伴痉挛性咳嗽半月余来诊。体检:体温37.6℃,神志清楚,慢性病容,左眼结膜充血,内眦部有一疱疹,咽部轻度充血,右颈侧可触及2~3个2cm×2cm大小淋巴结,无明显压痛,心肺无异常,肝在肋下1cm。胸透:右肺门可见3cm×3cm大小圆形阴影。末梢血象WBC6.5×109/L,L 0.70。1.最佳治疗方案应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "红霉素口服", "B": "链霉素+异烟肼+利福平", "C": "异烟肼+PAS", "D": "长春新碱+环磷酰胺+强的松"}, "answer": "链霉素+异烟肼+利福平", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女孩,6个月,1998年7月,因吐泻3天入院。大便10~15次/日,呈蛋花汤样,有腥臭味,尿量极少,前囟、眼窝凹陷,皮肤弹性极差,脉细弱,四肢厥冷,大便偶见白细胞,血清钠125mmol/L。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "重度等渗性脱水", "B": "中度等渗性脱水", "C": "重度低渗性脱水", "D": "重度高渗性脱水"}, "answer": "重度低渗性脱水", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,40岁,因外伤性闭合性股骨干骨折而入院。入院次日突然出现呼吸困难,烦躁不安,昏迷,皮下出血,血压10.7/8.0kPa(80/60mmHg),其诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "继发感染", "B": "脂肪栓塞", "C": "骨筋膜室综合征", "D": "骨折断端严重再移位"}, "answer": "脂肪栓塞", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对球后溃疡的描述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多发生在距幽门2~3cm以内", "B": "是十二指肠球部后壁溃疡", "C": "易并发出血", "D": "临床症状多不明显"}, "answer": "易并发出血", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,70岁。以右侧肢体偏瘫入院。患者5天前晨起时,感觉右下肢沉重,活动受限。3天前感觉加重并伴右上肢活动受限。1天前右侧上下肢活动能力完全丧失。检查:神志清晰,右侧上下肢偏瘫,血压157/90mmHg,血脂、血胆固醇在正常范围。心电图大致正常,其余无异常发现。该患者应考虑下列哪种疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "高血压病伴脑软化", "B": "脑动脉粥样硬化伴血栓形成", "C": "脑肿瘤", "D": "外周神经炎"}, "answer": "脑动脉粥样硬化伴血栓形成", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.分枝杆菌感染引起的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺孢子菌感染", "B": "病毒性肺炎", "C": "肺结核病", "D": "小叶性肺炎"}, "answer": "肺结核病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于慢性肾炎,下述哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "仅少数慢性肾炎由急性肾炎直接迁延而来", "B": "慢性肾炎发病与链球菌感染无明确关系", "C": "慢性肾炎并发感染可用氨基糖苷类抗生素", "D": "有1年以上蛋白尿、水肿、高血压、肾功能不全者,均应考虑本病的可能"}, "answer": "慢性肾炎并发感染可用氨基糖苷类抗生素", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对出血坏死型胰腺炎最具诊断价值的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血淀粉酶增高", "B": "血钙降低", "C": "血胆红素增高", "D": "B超检查胰腺增大"}, "answer": "血钙降低", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.呋塞米的作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "减弱心肌收缩力", "B": "降低左心室后负荷", "C": "同时降低左心室前后负荷", "D": "降低左心室前负荷"}, "answer": "降低左心室前负荷", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "精神分裂症的遗传方式,目前认为可能性最大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单基因遗传", "B": "常染色体数目异常", "C": "多基因遗传", "D": "染色体缺失"}, "answer": "多基因遗传", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.食物进入十二指肠引起的肠—胃反射可抑制(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃排空", "B": "分节运动", "C": "蠕动冲", "D": "袋状往返运动"}, "answer": "胃排空", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,50岁,右髋部疼痛3年,加重2个月,伴跛行,酗酒史10年。查体:直腿抬高试验阳性,有“4”字征阳性。1.该病人首先应作的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "查血沉", "B": "摄双侧髋关节正位片", "C": "髋关节穿刺+细菌培养", "D": "摄腰椎正侧位片"}, "answer": "摄双侧髋关节正位片", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,20岁,剧烈运动时,不慎将左踝骨骨折。下列哪项符合骨折愈合的过程?(  )", "options": {"A": "骨折处由纤维组织代替", "B": "骨折处由骨组织代替,但不能恢复原状", "C": "骨折处经血肿形成、纤维性骨痂、骨性骨痂、骨痂改建几个阶段达到完全愈合", "D": "骨折处由纤维组织、软骨组织、骨组织混合增生代替"}, "answer": "骨折处经血肿形成、纤维性骨痂、骨性骨痂、骨痂改建几个阶段达到完全愈合", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医疗机构的药剂人员调配处方时,应遵守下列规定,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "对处方所列药品不得擅自更改", "B": "必须经过核对", "C": "对有配伍禁忌的处方,应当拒绝调配", "D": "对超剂量的处方,应当更改为正确剂量"}, "answer": "对超剂量的处方,应当更改为正确剂量", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪种情况符合参加执业医师资格考试的条件为?(  )", "options": {"A": "具有医学专业本科以上学历,在医疗机构中工作满一年", "B": "具有医学专业本科以上学历,在医疗机构中试用期满一年", "C": "具有医学专业专科学历,在医疗机构中工作满一年", "D": "具有医学专业专科学历,在医疗机构中试用期满一年"}, "answer": "具有医学专业本科以上学历,在医疗机构中试用期满一年", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "刺激生长激素分泌的最强的代谢因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低血糖", "B": "高血糖", "C": "低血脂", "D": "高血脂"}, "answer": "低血糖", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于成熟红细胞的说法,哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "能合成血红蛋白", "B": "糖酵解是获能量的唯一途径", "C": "可进行磷酸戊糖途径", "D": "能产生2,3-二磷酸甘油酸"}, "answer": "能合成血红蛋白", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.用量过大可引起灰婴综合征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "米诺环素", "B": "氯霉素", "C": "四环素", "D": "多西环素"}, "answer": "氯霉素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球毛细血管基底膜弥漫性增厚", "B": "肾小球内皮细胞和系膜细胞弥漫性增生", "C": "肾小球系膜细胞弥漫性增生", "D": "肾间质淋巴细胞、单核细胞和中性粒细胞浸润"}, "answer": "肾小球内皮细胞和系膜细胞弥漫性增生", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.上述哪项是应对应激以减轻紧张的措施(  )。", "options": {"A": "努力忘却消极应激的情景状态", "B": "增加对威胁情境的回避能力", "C": "利用各种放松技术", "D": "锻炼意志"}, "answer": "利用各种放松技术", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "病人感到脑内有一“智囊团”,该“智囊团”能发声,并经常告诉患者该做什么或不该做什么,此症状属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "错觉", "B": "假性幻觉", "C": "思维被广播", "D": "被控制感"}, "answer": "假性幻觉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "负有传染病疫情报告职责的工作人员,不得(  )。", "options": {"A": "谎报传染病疫情", "B": "缓报传染病疫情", "C": "以上都对", "D": "以上都不对"}, "answer": "以上都对", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,27岁。急刹车致使方向盘挤压上腹部14小时,上腹部、腰部及右肩疼痛,持续性,伴恶心、呕吐。查体:体温38.4℃,上腹部肌紧张明显,有压痛,反跳痛不明显,无移动性浊音,肠鸣音存在,怀疑胰腺损伤。2.如果行剖腹探查术,术中最有可能发现合并损伤的脏器是(  )。", "options": {"A": "十二指肠", "B": "胆总管", "C": "横结肠", "D": "右肾"}, "answer": "胆总管", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,加岁,1年前提拔到领导岗位,近半年出现脑力活动效率明显下降,体力易疲劳,有时回忆和联想增多且控制不住,兴奋伴有不快感,但无言语、运动增多,易激惹,肢体肌肉酸痛,醒后感到不解乏,不愿上班。最可能是患有(  )。", "options": {"A": "焦虑症", "B": "躁狂症", "C": "神经衰弱", "D": "恐怖症"}, "answer": "神经衰弱", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "活体内异常物体沿血液流动阻塞相应血管的过程为(  )。", "options": {"A": "梗死", "B": "栓塞", "C": "机化", "D": "血栓形成"}, "answer": "栓塞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.起递呈Ag作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Thl", "B": "Th2", "C": "Tc", "D": "Mφ"}, "answer": "Mφ", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.振动觉和位置觉传导通路的第二级神经元是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丘脑腹外侧核", "B": "脊髓后角细胞", "C": "延髓薄束核与楔束核", "D": "脊髓前角细胞"}, "answer": "延髓薄束核与楔束核", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,17岁。双下肢出血点伴关节痛2周,水肿1周。实验室检查:尿红细胞30~40/HP,尿蛋白4.2g/d,血浆清蛋白28g/L,肾免疫病理示IgA沉积于系膜区。其病因诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgA肾病", "B": "狼疮肾炎", "C": "过敏性紫癜肾炎", "D": "原发性肾病综合征"}, "answer": "过敏性紫癜肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,40岁,有早期肝硬化史,胆囊炎,因劳累,近一周发热,39℃,右季肋区不适,腹胀,下肢浮肿,巩膜、皮肤深度黄疸,腹水征(+),凝血酶等时间延长,诊断应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝硬化自发腹膜炎", "B": "肝硬化失代偿", "C": "慢性重型肝炎", "D": "亚急性重型肝炎"}, "answer": "慢性重型肝炎", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "能准确判断酸中毒性质、严重程度和代偿情况的组合是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉血pH值和HCO3−", "B": "动脉血和静脉血pH值", "C": "动脉血和静脉血PaCO2", "D": "动脉血和尿的pH值"}, "answer": "动脉血pH值和HCO3−", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿蛋白质—能量营养不良最早期的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体重减轻", "B": "皮下脂肪消失", "C": "体重不增", "D": "肌肉松弛"}, "answer": "体重不增", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪一项不是肾综合征出血热早期外周血象改变?(  )", "options": {"A": "白细胞计数增高", "B": "嗜酸粒细胞减少以至消失", "C": "异常淋巴细胞增多", "D": "血小板减少"}, "answer": "嗜酸粒细胞减少以至消失", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "我国实施的儿童计划免疫程序规定新生儿期只能接种(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓灰质炎疫苗", "B": "卡介苗", "C": "百白破三联疫苗", "D": "乙脑疫苗"}, "answer": "卡介苗", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.病人认真讲了一番话,但周围的医师们都不理解他要说什么问题,该症状属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "思维被洞悉", "B": "思维贫乏", "C": "思维散漫", "D": "思维迟缓"}, "answer": "思维散漫", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "5.ⅡB期淋巴瘤(  )。", "options": {"A": "病变累及右侧颈、腋下和腹股沟淋巴结", "B": "病变累及左腋下淋巴结及肝脏", "C": "病变累及右锁骨上淋巴结和左腋下,并伴有高热", "D": "病变累及左颈及纵隔淋巴结"}, "answer": "病变累及右锁骨上淋巴结和左腋下,并伴有高热", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "无排卵性功能失调性子宫出血的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "基础体温双相,月经周期短,经期正常", "B": "基础体温双相,月经周期正常,经期延长", "C": "基础体温单相,月经周期紊乱,经期长短不一", "D": "基础体温双相,月经周期正常,经期长短不一"}, "answer": "基础体温单相,月经周期紊乱,经期长短不一", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列疾病属于下丘脑性闭经的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅咽管瘤", "B": "空蝶鞍综合征", "C": "子宫内膜炎", "D": "Asherman综合征"}, "answer": "颅咽管瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,68岁。近3个月来常有黏液血便,大便次数增多,有肛门坠胀及里急后重感,大便变细,上述症状进行性加重。查体:生命体征平稳,腹部无明显阳性体征,血、尿常规均正常。2.患者未经积极治疗,3个月后出现膀胱刺激症状,最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膀胱原发肿瘤", "B": "淋巴转移", "C": "种植转移", "D": "直接浸润"}, "answer": "直接浸润", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,68岁。胸痛8小时,心电图示Ⅴ1~Ⅴ4导联ST段抬高0.4mV。该患者应尽早使用(  )。", "options": {"A": "美托洛尔", "B": "硝酸甘油", "C": "镇静止痛药", "D": "胺碘酮"}, "answer": "美托洛尔", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于子宫颈癌,下列哪项是错误的(  )。", "options": {"A": "多数为鳞状上皮癌", "B": "多数为腺癌", "C": "多数发生于50岁左右的妇女", "D": "多数向周围浸润性生长"}, "answer": "多数为腺癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,55岁,6年前诊断为肝硬化,近日来进行性消瘦,面色污秽,皮肤黄染,肝区疼痛,肝剑突下5cm,质硬,表面可触及大结节,有腹水,下肢浮肿。应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "门脉性肝硬化", "B": "原发性肝癌", "C": "肝硬化合并肝癌", "D": "胆汁性肝硬化"}, "answer": "肝硬化合并肝癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,43岁。便中排节片两年,视物不清两个月。下列措施中不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "收入院治疗", "B": "立即用吡喹酮治疗", "C": "作头颅CT", "D": "眼科裂隙灯检查"}, "answer": "立即用吡喹酮治疗", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,68岁,阵发性胸闷3年,持续加重6小时后突发意识丧失。查体:BP 40/20mmHg,双肺呼吸音清。心率32次/分,律齐,各瓣膜区未闻及杂音。血清肌钙蛋白水平增高。1.该患者意识丧失的最可能原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心肌病", "B": "主动脉夹层", "C": "急性肺栓塞", "D": "急性心肌梗死"}, "answer": "急性心肌梗死", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "国家、集体医疗机构中的医师在执业活动中享有的权利不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "人格尊严、人身安全不受侵犯", "B": "获取工资报酬和津贴", "C": "私人营利性医疗服务", "D": "出具相应的医学证明文件"}, "answer": "私人营利性医疗服务", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,56岁。左乳腺癌术后14天,卧床休息为主,解大便时突然大叫,意识丧失。初步诊断为肺动脉栓塞。栓子最可能来源于(  )。", "options": {"A": "下肢深静脉", "B": "冠状动脉", "C": "足背动脉", "D": "下肢动脉"}, "answer": "下肢深静脉", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男孩,3岁、水肿1周。尿中有泡沫,尿量减少。查体:T 36.7℃,P 120次/分,R 25次分, BP 90/60mmHg。眼睑水肿,双下肢凹陷性水肿,双肺呼吸音粗,未闻及啰音,心前区未闻及杂音,腹膨隆,移动性浊音(+)。尿常规:蛋白(+++)。尿沉渣镜检:RBC 0~3/HP,WBC 0~3/HP。血清白蛋白20g/L,胆固醇8.7mmol/L。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯型肾病综合征", "B": "急性肾小球肾炎", "C": "泌尿道感染", "D": "肾炎型肾病综合征"}, "answer": "单纯型肾病综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "5.中度等渗性脱水(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清钠为125mmol/L,失水量为体重的8%", "B": "血清钠为119mmol/L失水量为体重的11%", "C": "血清钠为155mmol/L,失水量为体重的6%", "D": "血清钠为149mmol/L,失水量为体重的9%"}, "answer": "血清钠为149mmol/L,失水量为体重的9%", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.Hippocrates法治疗的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膝关节脱位", "B": "髋关节脱位", "C": "肩关节脱位", "D": "腕关节脱位"}, "answer": "肩关节脱位", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对医德慎独的正确理解应除外(  )。", "options": {"A": "医师独处时严格要求自己", "B": "医师对自己的孤独性格必须慎重对待", "C": "“君子慎其独也”", "D": "一种重要的医德修养方法"}, "answer": "医师对自己的孤独性格必须慎重对待", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一男性突然泻吐“米泔水”样物2天,入院经补液治疗,3天后泻吐停止,脱水纠正,但病人体温升到38~39℃,未经治疗2天后自行退热。2.此患者发热的可能原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "感冒", "B": "药物的副作用", "C": "二重感染", "D": "毒素吸收所致"}, "answer": "毒素吸收所致", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "去甲肾上腺素激活α受体后引起舒张效应的部位为(  )。", "options": {"A": "冠状血管", "B": "脑血管", "C": "小肠平滑肌", "D": "竖毛肌"}, "answer": "小肠平滑肌", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肾病综合征引起水肿的最主要机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血浆晶体渗透压降低", "B": "毛细血管滤过压升高", "C": "毛细血管通透性增高", "D": "血浆胶体渗透压降低"}, "answer": "血浆胶体渗透压降低", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "真核生物染色体DNA复制特点不正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "复制呈半不连续性", "B": "冈崎片段较短", "C": "需DNA聚合酶α、β参与", "D": "可有多个复制起始点"}, "answer": "需DNA聚合酶α、β参与", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有一老人,车祸时发生右大腿骨粉碎性及开放性骨折,在送往医院途中,该病人出现面部青紫、呼吸困难、口吐白沫而亡,最可能死于哪种疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "气体栓塞", "B": "脂肪栓塞", "C": "脑出血", "D": "气胸"}, "answer": "脂肪栓塞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于DNA复性的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "正常DNA加热即出现的现象", "B": "两条互补链重新恢复天然的双螺旋构象", "C": "热变性的DNA经缓慢冷却后即可复性", "D": "比Tm低25℃的温度是DNA复性的最佳条件"}, "answer": "正常DNA加热即出现的现象", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "红细胞的比容是指红细胞(  )。", "options": {"A": "与血浆容积之比", "B": "在血液中所占重量百分比", "C": "在血液中所占的容积百分比", "D": "与白细胞容积之比"}, "answer": "在血液中所占的容积百分比", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,46岁,主诉排便时阴道脱出一块状物,检查时用力时阴道前壁脱出,宫颈外口露于阴道口外。2.本例选择恰当的手术为(  )。", "options": {"A": "Manchester手术", "B": "经阴道子宫全切术", "C": "经阴道子宫全切术+阴道前壁修补术", "D": "经腹子宫全切术"}, "answer": "经阴道子宫全切术+阴道前壁修补术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,13岁。剧烈活动后右膝关节前下方出现疼痛。查体:右胫骨结节明显隆起、压痛,伸膝时疼痛加重,膝关节活动范围正常,无明显红热表现,X线显示右胫骨结节处骨骺隆起、碎裂。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胫骨平台骨折", "B": "关节结核", "C": "类风湿关节炎", "D": "胫骨结节骨软骨病"}, "answer": "胫骨结节骨软骨病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肺动脉及其分支栓塞的栓子来源于(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动脉瓣的赘生物", "B": "体静脉和右心房的血栓", "C": "动脉及左心房的血栓", "D": "左心室附壁血栓"}, "answer": "体静脉和右心房的血栓", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.老年甲状腺功能亢进,药物治疗后多次复发适合的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙基硫氧嘧啶", "B": "131I治疗", "C": "甲状腺次全切除", "D": "碘盐治疗"}, "answer": "131I治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以下哪项解剖标志将肝脏分为大致相等的两半?(  )", "options": {"A": "镰状韧带", "B": "正中裂", "C": "冠状韧带", "D": "左右三角韧带连线"}, "answer": "正中裂", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,5岁,高热10h,抽搐2h,呕吐1次。外周血白细胞18×109/I,,中性粒细胞0.89,粪便常规:每高倍镜视野脓细胞5~8个,脑脊液检查正常,诊断为中毒型细菌性痢疾。4.以下有关中毒型菌痢的治疗不恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应采用综合抢救治疗措施", "B": "常规应用大剂量糖皮质激素", "C": "应用有效抗菌药物静脉滴注", "D": "体温不降,且反复惊厥者,可用亚冬眠疗"}, "answer": "常规应用大剂量糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "口服药治疗甲亢的适应证是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结节性高功能腺瘤", "B": "胸骨后甲状腺肿", "C": "年龄超过30岁", "D": "病情轻,甲状腺较小"}, "answer": "病情轻,甲状腺较小", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "提示重症胰腺炎的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝浊音界消失", "B": "Grey-Turner征阳性", "C": "Murphy征阳性", "D": "肝区叩击痛阳性"}, "answer": "Grey-Turner征阳性", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "发生传染病流行时,县级以上地方政府有权在本行政区域内(  )。", "options": {"A": "调集各级各类医疗、防疫人员参加疫情控制工作", "B": "停工、停业、停课", "C": "封锁甲类或按甲类传染病管理的传染病疫区", "D": "封锁跨省、自治区、直辖市的疫区"}, "answer": "调集各级各类医疗、防疫人员参加疫情控制工作", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,50岁。阑尾切除术后第5天起上腹隐痛,伴发热、寒战,体温高达39.5℃,无腹泻。右下胸叩痛,呼吸音减弱。腹稍胀,右上腹压痛,腹肌软,未及肿块,肠鸣音不亢进。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右侧肺不张", "B": "右侧肺炎", "C": "膈下脓肿", "D": "大肠癌"}, "answer": "膈下脓肿", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,35岁。发热10天,体温37.9℃,周身不适,乏力。2天后体温恢复正常,但乏力加重,尿色变黄,伴食欲不振,腹胀。既往无肝炎病史。实验室检查:ALT 1008U/L,TBiL 87μmol/L,HBsAg(+),HBeAg(+),抗HBc IgM(+)。抗HAV IgG(+),抗HAV IgM(+),HAV IgM(-)。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒性肝炎,甲乙型病毒混合感染,急性黄疸型", "B": "病毒性肝炎,乙型,急性黄疸型,HAV既往感染", "C": "病毒性肝炎,乙型,急性黄疸型,HAV携带者", "D": "病毒性肝炎,甲型,急性黄疸型,HBV携带者"}, "answer": "病毒性肝炎,乙型,急性黄疸型,HAV既往感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,25岁,既往无精神病史,听闻其母急性心肌梗死去世后,患者不认识家人,反复念叨,不可能,你们骗我。2.此病人目前的急诊处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "予以地西泮10mg镇静", "B": "予以氯丙嗪100mg镇静", "C": "予以支持性心理治疗", "D": "暗示治疗"}, "answer": "予以地西泮10mg镇静", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "葡萄球菌感染灶内浸润的主要炎症细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单核细胞", "B": "中性粒细胞", "C": "嗜碱性粒细胞", "D": "嗜酸性粒细胞"}, "answer": "中性粒细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一个正常小儿,其血象白细胞分类为:杆状核粒细胞1%,分叶核粒细胞35%,淋巴细胞60%,单核细胞2%,该小儿的年龄约为(  )。", "options": {"A": "生后5天", "B": "生后一天", "C": "生后1周岁", "D": "生后5周岁"}, "answer": "生后1周岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肺癌最常见的转移部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠", "B": "胃", "C": "脾", "D": "脑"}, "answer": "脑", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "属于抗生素类抗癌药物的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "环磷酰胺", "B": "氟尿嘧啶", "C": "阿霉素", "D": "长春新碱"}, "answer": "阿霉素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一般在移植数天或数月后发生,主要由细胞免疫反应引起,移植物的主要病理变化是实质细胞的坏死。这种移植排斥反应的类型为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性排斥", "B": "超急排斥", "C": "GVHR", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "急性排斥", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "高渗性脱水时,下列不会出现的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清钠大于150mmol/L", "B": "尿比重升高", "C": "恶心、呕吐", "D": "红细胞压积大于48%"}, "answer": "恶心、呕吐", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "外伤导致腓骨小头处骨折,伤后患足不能背伸。其原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胫前肌损伤", "B": "腓总神经损伤", "C": "坐骨神经损伤", "D": "胫后神经损伤"}, "answer": "腓总神经损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5岁女孩,因活动后气促2年就诊。体检:体格较瘦小,无发绀,双肺呼吸音清,P2亢进、分裂、胸骨左缘第2、3肋间闻及2/6级收缩期杂音。3.如给该患儿做右心导管检查,对诊断最有价值的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "导管从右心房进入左心室", "B": "右心房血氧含量增高", "C": "右心房压力增高", "D": "肺动脉压力增高"}, "answer": "右心房血氧含量增高", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "环境污染对健康影响的特点不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "受影响人群一般很广泛", "B": "污染物通过多途径进入人体", "C": "不同个体对污染物的反应不同", "D": "消除污染后健康损害即可恢复"}, "answer": "消除污染后健康损害即可恢复", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不属于环境污染引起的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "地方病", "B": "公害病", "C": "传染病", "D": "食物中毒"}, "answer": "地方病", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,37岁,诊断急性粒细胞白血病M3,化疗时突发DIC,并迅速发展到消耗性低凝期,下述检查结果有误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血小板数明显减少", "B": "凝血酶原时间缩短", "C": "纤维蛋白原浓度降低", "D": "抗凝血酶Ⅲ水平减低"}, "answer": "凝血酶原时间缩短", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,1岁,弛张热,发热5天,咳嗽、气喘4天,用青霉素静脉滴注4天症状好转不明显,今日突然烦躁,呼吸困难,阵发性咳嗽。查体:体温39℃,呼吸60次/分,心率增快,170次/分,节律整。胸片示气管右移,左肺液气胸。2.该患儿紧急急救措施应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "解痉剂", "B": "吸氧", "C": "强心利尿", "D": "胸腔闭式引流"}, "answer": "胸腔闭式引流", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.哪项是交感和副交感神经节前纤维释放的递质?(  )", "options": {"A": "去甲肾上腺素", "B": "乙酰胆碱", "C": "肾上腺素", "D": "5–羟色胺"}, "answer": "乙酰胆碱", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列有关深Ⅱ度烧伤的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有时在大腿可见树枝状栓塞血管", "B": "痛觉迟钝", "C": "如无感染,创面约3~4周愈合", "D": "愈合后多有瘢痕"}, "answer": "有时在大腿可见树枝状栓塞血管", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,58岁。呕血6小时入院。查体:脉搏120次/分,血压80/55mmHg。神志不清,营养状况差。巩膜明显黄染,腹壁可见静脉曲张,肝肋下可触及,质地较硬,边缘较钝,脾肋下6cm,移动性浊音阳性,肠鸣音弱。3.此时不宜采取的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "快速输血、输液", "B": "急症手术", "C": "静脉注射垂体后叶素", "D": "试用三腔管压迫止血"}, "answer": "急症手术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "影响传染病流行过程的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病原体、带菌动物", "B": "病原体、人体和环境", "C": "社会因素、自然因素", "D": "病原体和环境"}, "answer": "社会因素、自然因素", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "乙琥胺治疗癫痫疗效最好的类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小发作", "B": "精神运动性发作", "C": "局限性发作", "D": "间脑发作"}, "answer": "小发作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于支原体的生物学性状,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "无细胞壁", "B": "高度多形性", "C": "可通过细菌过滤器", "D": "有独特生活周期"}, "answer": "有独特生活周期", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4岁女孩,反复发生支气管肺炎,消瘦,平时安静,不爱活动,稍活动后气急。胸骨左缘上方可闻及连续性的“机器”样杂音,占全收缩期和舒张期,杂音向左锁骨下、颈部和背部传导。超声心动图检查证实为先天性心脏病,动脉导管未闭。3.当该患儿出现右向左分流时,其临床上可表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "全身性青紫", "B": "上半身青紫", "C": "下半身青紫", "D": "右半身青紫"}, "answer": "下半身青紫", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "血浆胶体渗透压的作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维持血管内外水平衡", "B": "维持细胞内外水平衡", "C": "调节器官血流量", "D": "促进肾小球的滤过"}, "answer": "维持血管内外水平衡", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,6个月,发热3d,体温39~40℃,流涕,轻咳。查体:一般情况好,除咽部充血外,未见其他异常,家长一直服用中药治疗。近日热退,因皮肤出现红色斑丘疹而就诊。1.患儿最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹", "B": "水痘", "C": "风疹", "D": "幼儿急疹"}, "answer": "幼儿急疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于2个月以上小儿首次接种卡介苗,最重要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应注意避免感染", "B": "接种前应做结核菌素试验", "C": "皮内注射", "D": "接种浓度应减低(1:1000)"}, "answer": "接种前应做结核菌素试验", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "感染性休克患者迅速纠正血容量不足时,首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "以平衡盐溶液为主,配合适量血浆和全血", "B": "以胶体溶液为主", "C": "葡萄糖溶液加代血浆", "D": "单纯葡萄糖"}, "answer": "以平衡盐溶液为主,配合适量血浆和全血", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿体格发育的两个高峰期是(  )。", "options": {"A": "婴儿期、学龄期", "B": "学龄前期、青春期", "C": "幼儿期、学龄期", "D": "婴儿期、青春期"}, "answer": "婴儿期、青春期", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "营养不良的最初症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "智力发育呆滞", "B": "肌张力低下", "C": "运动机能发育迟缓", "D": "体重不增或下降"}, "answer": "体重不增或下降", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述关于蛋白质生物合成的描述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氨基酸必需活化成活性氨基酸", "B": "氨基酸的羧基端被活化", "C": "体内所有的氨基酸都有相应密码子", "D": "活化的氨基酸被搬运到核蛋白体上"}, "answer": "体内所有的氨基酸都有相应密码子", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "胆汁酸合成的关键酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "3α-羟化酶", "B": "6α-羟化酶", "C": "4α-羟化酶", "D": "7α-羟化酶"}, "answer": "7α-羟化酶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对慢性失眠症的治疗,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "入夜后避免兴奋", "B": "入夜后避免用浓茶、咖啡", "C": "应该躺着阅读书刊", "D": "尽量改善周围环境"}, "answer": "应该躺着阅读书刊", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心房颤动时f波的频率为(  )。", "options": {"A": "350次~600次/分", "B": "150次~200次/分", "C": ">600次/分", "D": "250次~300次/分"}, "answer": "350次~600次/分", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女孩5个月,足月顺产,混合喂养,未加辅食,今晨突然面肌、眼角及口角抽动约半分钟,抽后一般好,不发热,不吐。体检:体重8kg,T37℃,会笑,前囟平坦,枕秃(+),颈无抵抗,面神经征可疑阳性,余未见异常,首先想到的诊断及进一步检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "中枢神经系统感染,做腰穿", "B": "癫痫,做脑电图", "C": "低钙惊厥,查血钙", "D": "低血糖,查血糖"}, "answer": "低钙惊厥,查血钙", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "合成胆固醇的限速酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HMGCoA合成酶", "B": "HMGCoA还原酶", "C": "鲨烯环氧酶", "D": "甲羟戊酸激酶"}, "answer": "HMGCoA还原酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,35岁。间断腹泻、脓血便4年,再发1个月,口服抗生素无缓解。结肠镜检示:直肠和乙状结肠弥漫充血水肿,黏膜粗颗粒样改变,质地脆,易出血。其黏膜活检可能的病理发现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可见阿米巴滋养体", "B": "抗酸染色阳性", "C": "隐窝脓肿", "D": "干酪性肉芽肿"}, "answer": "隐窝脓肿", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,8个月,因发热2次,抽搐2次,伴呕吐,吃奶量减少,喜哭,易怒就诊。母乳喂养。查体:精神差,前囟饱满,心肺腹无异常发现,肌张力增高,脑脊液检查:外观混浊,白细胞1000×106/L,中性粒细胞为主,糖1mmol/L,氯化物107mmol/L,蛋白质2.0g/L。2.针对病因,首选的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "异烟肼", "B": "甘露醇", "C": "头孢曲松", "D": "氯康唑"}, "answer": "头孢曲松", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某男性患者,20岁,主诉腰背部疼痛半年,两侧骶髂关节交替性疼痛3个月,伴左侧膝、踝关节肿痛,血沉增快,CRP升高。1.该患者可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "强直性脊柱炎", "B": "类风湿性关节炎", "C": "痛风", "D": "骨性关节炎"}, "answer": "强直性脊柱炎", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "羊水过少是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "任何时期羊水量少于500mL", "B": "妊娠晚期羊水量少于400mL", "C": "妊娠晚期羊水量少于300mL", "D": "妊娠足月羊水量少于200mL"}, "answer": "妊娠晚期羊水量少于300mL", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,24岁,贫血1年,血红蛋白809/L,红细胞3.0×1012/L,网织红细胞2.7%,白细胞、血小板正常,经用铁剂治疗7天后,血红蛋白不升,网织红细胞4.3%,最可靠的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "铁粒幼细胞性贫血", "B": "缺铁性贫血", "C": "营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在血小板的聚集中起重要作用的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "凝血酶", "B": "纤维蛋白原", "C": "Ca2+", "D": "ADP与血栓素A2"}, "answer": "ADP与血栓素A2", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "兴奋性周期性变化中,兴奋性最低的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "绝对不应期", "B": "静息期", "C": "超常期", "D": "相对不应期"}, "answer": "绝对不应期", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性肾小球肾炎最常见的临床表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋白尿、血尿、心功能不全", "B": "血尿、蛋白尿、水肿、高血压", "C": "血尿、肾区叩痛、发热", "D": "血尿、蛋白尿、尿路刺激征"}, "answer": "血尿、蛋白尿、水肿、高血压", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.吸入性肺脓肿坐位时好发于(  )。", "options": {"A": "下叶后基底段", "B": "上叶尖后段和下叶背段", "C": "左下叶和舌叶支气管", "D": "中叶"}, "answer": "下叶后基底段", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "药物的首关消除可能发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服给药后", "B": "吸入给药后", "C": "舌下给药后", "D": "皮下注射后"}, "answer": "口服给药后", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某血管活性物质的作用是刺激支气管平滑肌强烈持久性地收缩,增强毛细血管通透性和促进内分泌,该物质可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "组胺", "B": "白三烯", "C": "前列腺素", "D": "激肽"}, "answer": "白三烯", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "低血钾影响神经、肌肉系统时,最突出的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸肌", "B": "四肢肌", "C": "膈肌", "D": "背部肌"}, "answer": "四肢肌", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,36岁,右股骨上端疼痛20天。查体:右股骨上端肿胀、压痛,右髋关节活动受限。X线片:右股骨颈及转子下溶骨性骨破坏。3年前患乳癌,施乳癌根治术,局部无复发。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "软骨肉瘤", "B": "骨肉瘤", "C": "骨巨细胞瘤", "D": "乳癌骨转移"}, "answer": "乳癌骨转移", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,50岁。乏力,活动后气急2年,近1个月来出现呼吸困难伴下肢水肿入院。体检:血压120/70mmHg,心界向两侧扩大,心尖搏动及第一心音减弱,心尖区3/6级收缩期杂音,两肺底少量湿啰音,下肢水肿。2.入院后给予西地兰及速尿、静滴硝酸甘油,呼吸困难好转。10天后心室率60次/min,频发多源性室性早搏。血钾3.3mmol/L,此时考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "洋地黄中毒", "B": "心衰合并室性早搏", "C": "心衰加重", "D": "洋地黄用量不足"}, "answer": "洋地黄中毒", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "生陈某看药品经营能挣钱,便与院领导拉关系,请假离岗搞药品销售,时间近3年。2.医院未按规定履行报告职责,若导致严重后果,由卫生行政部门给予警告,并对该机构的行政负责人给予(  )。", "options": {"A": "行政处分", "B": "吊销执照", "C": "注销注册", "D": "行政罚款"}, "answer": "行政处分", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肝脏生物转化作用的定义是(  )。", "options": {"A": "各种营养性物质如糖、脂类及蛋白质在体内的代谢转变", "B": "肝中钠、钾的代谢与肝糖原合成与分解密切相关", "C": "胆固醇在肝转变为胆汁酸", "D": "各类非营养性物质如药物和毒物在肝内的代谢转变"}, "answer": "各类非营养性物质如药物和毒物在肝内的代谢转变", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "因巨大结节性甲状腺肿并发甲亢行双侧甲状腺大部切除术,第3天清晨,患者突然发生手足疼痛,持续性痉挛,且呼吸困难,应立即(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌内注射地西泮10mg", "B": "口服AT l0滴", "C": "口服葡萄糖酸钙片39", "D": "静脉注射10%氯化钙溶液l5ml"}, "answer": "静脉注射10%氯化钙溶液l5ml", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "6个月女婴,4月份入院,发热2天。体温38.0℃,咳嗽有痰,1天来惊厥4~5次,发作时两眼上窜,四肢抽动,持续1~2min,抽后神志清。体检:一般情况好,前囟2.5cm×2.5cm,平坦,枕骨按之有乒乓球感,双肺有中、小水泡音。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "婴儿手足搐搦症,支气管肺炎", "B": "化脓性脑膜炎,支气管肺炎", "C": "急性喉炎", "D": "婴儿痉挛症"}, "answer": "婴儿手足搐搦症,支气管肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列有关体表感染的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "痈是多数散在的、不相关连的疖病", "B": "丹毒是皮内网状淋巴管的炎性病变", "C": "急性蜂窝织炎是皮下结缔组织的感染", "D": "脓肿是急性感染后的局限性脓液积聚"}, "answer": "痈是多数散在的、不相关连的疖病", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "动脉血压升高可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "心室等容收缩期延长", "B": "心室快速射血期延长", "C": "心室减慢射血期延长", "D": "心室减慢充盈期延长"}, "answer": "心室等容收缩期延长", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.上述哪项突出体现保守医密的作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "某地一些临床名家自发组织了X俱乐部,其活动宗旨是:定期聚会,坦诚交待自己误诊误治的情况并互相交流体会", "B": "一位急诊病人被送到医院,因其满身血污,其他病人及其家属见了忙掩鼻躲开,而应诊医护人员则顾不得脏不脏,出于责任心赶紧给病人做检查和处置", "C": "某科室常常针对所要解决的医德医风问题向住院病人做出改善服务的承诺", "D": "医师保证不泄露病人隐私,终于使病人放心地述说了全部病情信息"}, "answer": "医师保证不泄露病人隐私,终于使病人放心地述说了全部病情信息", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "传播疟疾的主要媒介是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中华按蚊", "B": "三带喙蚊", "C": "刺扰伊蚊", "D": "白蛉子"}, "answer": "中华按蚊", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.属于期待性焦虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人对每天必须吃药感到痛苦", "B": "病人对自己的病不能马上确诊而心烦", "C": "病人很害怕手术造成的疼痛", "D": "病人因住院不能常与亲人见面而心烦"}, "answer": "病人对自己的病不能马上确诊而心烦", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.低钾血症(  )。", "options": {"A": "体重减低,眼窝及前囟凹陷", "B": "心音低钝,四肢肌张力低下", "C": "惊厥或手足搐搦", "D": "烦渴,高热易激惹"}, "answer": "心音低钝,四肢肌张力低下", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪项是伤寒最具特征性的病变部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "结肠", "B": "肠系膜淋巴结", "C": "回肠下段集合淋巴结与孤立淋巴滤泡", "D": "乙状结肠"}, "answer": "回肠下段集合淋巴结与孤立淋巴滤泡", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "母乳与牛乳相比,对母乳特点的描述中错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "含饱和脂肪酸较多", "B": "乳糖含量高", "C": "含白蛋白多,酪蛋白少", "D": "铁吸收率高"}, "answer": "含饱和脂肪酸较多", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某肺结核患者,痰菌涂片阳性,胸片示右上肺新鲜病灶,并出现薄壁空洞。正确的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发型肺结核,痰菌涂片(+)进展期", "B": "早期纤维空洞型肺结核,痰菌涂片(+)进展期", "C": "浸润型肺结核,痰菌涂片(+)进展期", "D": "浸润型肺结核,痰菌涂片(+)稳定期"}, "answer": "浸润型肺结核,痰菌涂片(+)进展期", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性患者,28岁,因与他人打架右上臂被刀多处砍伤,现诉右手活动受限。查体:右肘关节活动可,右上臂拇、示、中指不能屈曲,拇指不能外展和对掌,桡侧三个半手指掌背侧均无感觉。该患者可能损伤(  )。", "options": {"A": "尺神经", "B": "桡神经", "C": "正中神经", "D": "肌皮神经"}, "answer": "正中神经", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "脂肪变性原因中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "缺氧", "B": "饥饿", "C": "败血症", "D": "食过多脂肪"}, "answer": "食过多脂肪", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.适用Dukes分期的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "白血病", "B": "结肠癌", "C": "甲状腺癌", "D": "肺癌"}, "answer": "结肠癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.属于医学伦理学基本规范的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有利、公正", "B": "廉洁奉公", "C": "医乃仁术", "D": "等价交换"}, "answer": "廉洁奉公", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "蛋白质一级结构的主要化学键是(  )。", "options": {"A": "离子键", "B": "氢键", "C": "肽键", "D": "二硫键"}, "answer": "肽键", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男性,车祸伤及头部,伤后出现左侧鼻唇沟变浅,鼻出血,左耳听力下降,左外耳道流出淡血性液体。诊断首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅中窝骨折", "B": "颅后窝骨折", "C": "左颞骨骨折", "D": "脑震荡"}, "answer": "颅中窝骨折", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,26岁,末次月经是2007年4月25日,预产期应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2008年2月1日", "B": "2008年1月2日", "C": "2008年3月21日", "D": "2008年1月30日"}, "answer": "2008年2月1日", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者刘某,女,9岁。因急性化脓性扁桃体炎收入某院儿科病房,当时高烧39.5度,经静脉点滴青霉素后,次日体温下降,第四日体温已正常。该科某研究生为完成研究课题,需做正常儿童的神经系统电生理检查(无创性),故选此儿童为受试者,受试时患者同意。次日家属探视时发现患者的头顶部皮肤有3个直径约2mm的圆形丘疹样红斑,了解到事情经过后,向医院提出抗议,并与院方发生争执。2.关于研究生对此人体实验的责任,下列说法正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "家属发现与否和有无纠纷发生,这些与研究生有无道德责任没有关系", "B": "纠纷发生与否与研究生有否道德责任呈正相关", "C": "此人体实验是经受试者知情同意的,所以在道德上不负责任", "D": "因为此人体实验为无创性实验,对受试者没有损害,所以不负道德责任"}, "answer": "家属发现与否和有无纠纷发生,这些与研究生有无道德责任没有关系", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "处理酒戒断后震颤谵妄不恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "给予安静的环境", "B": "预防感染", "C": "控制精神症状", "D": "给予小剂量的酒"}, "answer": "给予小剂量的酒", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医疗事故的技术鉴定应由(  )。", "options": {"A": "医师协会负责", "B": "医学会负责", "C": "卫生行政部门负责", "D": "法院负责"}, "answer": "医学会负责", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医师在执业活动中享有的权利是(  )。", "options": {"A": "遵守法律、法规,遵守技术操作规定", "B": "关心、爱护、尊重患者", "C": "努力钻研业务,提高业务水平", "D": "依法获得酬劳"}, "answer": "依法获得酬劳", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "符合肠易激综合征临床特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "与食物无明显关系", "B": "症状多进行性加重", "C": "好发于老年男性", "D": "可伴有精神心理障碍"}, "answer": "可伴有精神心理障碍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列疾病中,较少发生大咯血的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管扩张", "B": "肺脓肿", "C": "空洞型肺结核", "D": "粟粒型肺结核"}, "answer": "粟粒型肺结核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,65岁,脑出血,有意识障碍,不时大喊“床上有毛毛虫,树、生、飞、我写字……塑料盒……一去不复返……”,该症状属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "思维松弛", "B": "思维不连贯", "C": "思维中断", "D": "思维插入"}, "answer": "思维不连贯", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.开除(  )。", "options": {"A": "造成医疗责任事故、情节严重的", "B": "隐匿、伪造或者擅自销毁医学文书,构成犯罪的", "C": "造成医疗技术事故、情节严重的", "D": "受刑事处罚的"}, "answer": "造成医疗技术事故、情节严重的", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,45岁。便血、面色苍白3个月。血常规:Hb 60g/L,MCV 72fl,MCHC 27%,WBC 8.0×109/L,PLT 138×109/L,网织红细胞0.025。最可能出现的特有临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "匙状甲", "B": "酱油色尿", "C": "巩膜黄染", "D": "肝、脾肿大"}, "answer": "匙状甲", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,55岁。胸骨后剧烈疼痛5小时,伴大汗淋漓,血压80/40mmHg,心率144次/分,面色苍白,四肢发冷,心电图提示广泛心肌梗死。2.有指导性意义的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心电图和血压检测", "B": "心肌酶谱检测", "C": "漂浮导管血流动学检测", "D": "超声心动图"}, "answer": "漂浮导管血流动学检测", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1岁小儿,标准体重(kg)、身长是(cm)(  )。", "options": {"A": "7 65", "B": "8 70", "C": "9 75", "D": "10 80"}, "answer": "9 75", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项不是前列腺增生的药物治疗选择?(  )", "options": {"A": "α受体阻滞剂", "B": "5α-还原酶抑制剂", "C": "植物药", "D": "丙酸睾酮"}, "answer": "丙酸睾酮", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "睾丸肿瘤分型哪项没有?(  )", "options": {"A": "胚胎瘤", "B": "畸胎瘤", "C": "畸胎癌", "D": "乳头状癌"}, "answer": "乳头状癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "子宫内膜异位症最常见的好发部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阴道", "B": "输卵管", "C": "卵巢", "D": "直肠"}, "answer": "卵巢", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "鉴别中枢性与周围性瘫痪最有意义的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "瘫痪程度分级及范围大小", "B": "肌张力增高或减低", "C": "腱反射亢进或消失", "D": "有无病理反射"}, "answer": "有无病理反射", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4岁患儿上楼梯时,其父向上牵拉右上肢,患儿哭叫,诉肘部疼痛,不肯用右手取物,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肘关节脱位", "B": "桡骨头骨折", "C": "桡骨头半脱位", "D": "肌肉牵拉伤"}, "answer": "桡骨头半脱位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "张某没有上过任何层次的医学专业的学校,但他仍有资格参加执业医师资格或执业助理医师资格考试,张某必定具有执业医师法规定的下列情形之一,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "以师承方式学习传统医学满3年,经医疗、预防、保健机构考核合格并推荐", "B": "以师承方式学习传统医学满3年,经县级以上卫生行政部门确定的传统医学专业组织考核合格并推荐", "C": "以师承方式学习传统医学满3年,经医疗、预防、保健机构推荐", "D": "经多年实践医术确有专长,经县以上卫生行政部门确定的传统医学专业组织考核合格并推荐"}, "answer": "以师承方式学习传统医学满3年,经医疗、预防、保健机构推荐", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.周期性瘫痪表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "四肢无力,脑脊液蛋白细胞分离", "B": "四肢无力,手套、袜套样感觉障碍", "C": "四肢无力,血钾减低", "D": "四肢无力,肩胛带骨盆带萎缩"}, "answer": "四肢无力,血钾减低", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以核酸为模板进行增殖的微生物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌", "B": "衣原体", "C": "病毒", "D": "真菌"}, "answer": "病毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "抢救脑型中毒型细菌性痢疾,首选的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "降颅压、利尿", "B": "应用抗凝药物", "C": "应用糖皮质激素", "D": "应用抗生素"}, "answer": "降颅压、利尿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "佝偻病小儿主要表现有鸡胸,“O”型“X”型腿样改变,估计其年龄大概是(  )。", "options": {"A": "5岁以后", "B": "3岁左右", "C": "1岁左右", "D": "7~8个月"}, "answer": "1岁左右", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "磺脲类药物的作用机理主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "刺激胰岛β细胞释放胰岛素", "B": "抑制胰岛γ细胞分泌胰升血糖素", "C": "促进肌肉外周组织摄取葡萄糖", "D": "加速无氧糖酵解"}, "answer": "刺激胰岛β细胞释放胰岛素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.急性小肠扭转一般应及时手术治疗,因为其易发生(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻痹性肠梗阻", "B": "痉挛性肠梗阻", "C": "绞窄性肠梗阻", "D": "机械性肠梗阻"}, "answer": "绞窄性肠梗阻", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3岁,男孩,被母亲牵拉右手上台阶时突然哭闹,拒绝使用右上肢。3.初诊后进一步处理应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右肩关节正位X线片", "B": "右肘关节正侧位X线片", "C": "试行手法复位,不必固定", "D": "试行手法复位,外固定"}, "answer": "试行手法复位,不必固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.辅助诊断风湿病的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "外斐试验", "B": "肥达试验", "C": "Ascolis试验", "D": "抗链O试验"}, "answer": "抗链O试验", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列各组疾病中均为乙类传染病的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "黑热病,肺结核", "B": "流行性出血热,疟疾", "C": "鼠疫,狂犬病", "D": "麻风病,伤寒"}, "answer": "流行性出血热,疟疾", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,32岁,感冒后5天出现颜面及双下肢水肿,尿少。血压160/100mmHg,尿蛋白(++),尿沉渣:红细胞(++),Scr 130μmol/L。2周后少尿,BUN 28mmol/L,Scr 620μmoI/L。可能性大的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性肾炎", "B": "肾病综合征", "C": "急进性肾小球肾炎", "D": "急性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "急进性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "解磷定和氯磷定对哪一种有机磷中毒疗效差?(  )", "options": {"A": "对硫磷", "B": "甲胺磷", "C": "甲拌磷", "D": "敌百虫"}, "answer": "敌百虫", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男孩,1岁半,发热伴咳嗽5天,加重伴呼吸困难1天,曾予青霉素治疗3天,查体:T 39℃,躯干可见散在红色斑丘疹,呼吸急促,可闻及中小水泡音。血常规:WBC 22×109/L,N 0.90,L 0.10,胸部X片示双肺斑片影,肺大疱。1.首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "C": "肺炎链球菌肺炎", "D": "肺炎支原体肺炎"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "开放性气胸引起的病理生理紊乱表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "患侧胸膜腔压力高于大气压,纵隔移向健侧", "B": "患侧肺萎缩,呼吸功能减退", "C": "吸气时,纵隔移向患侧", "D": "引起反常呼吸运动,导致呼吸、循环衰竭"}, "answer": "患侧肺萎缩,呼吸功能减退", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,2岁,未接种任何疫苗,1周前有腹泻病史,近2日肢体疼痛,相继左下肢软弱无力。查体:左下肢肌力Ⅱ级,膝反射消失。实验室检查:脑脊液蛋白(+),细胞数100×106/L,中性粒细胞占0.6,淋巴,糖及氯化物正常,诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性感染性多发性神经根神经炎", "B": "脊髓灰质炎", "C": "结核性脑膜炎早期", "D": "化脓性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "脊髓灰质炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "现已被公认的诊断支气管扩张的主要方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺功能", "B": "支气管造影", "C": "支气管镜", "D": "HRCT"}, "answer": "HRCT", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "氢氯噻嗪不具有的不良反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血钾症", "B": "高尿酸血症", "C": "高脂血症", "D": "低血镁症"}, "answer": "高血钾症", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,55岁。乏力、食欲减退1个月,症状逐渐加重、尿黄及眼黄1周。2个月前家中装修房子及搬家劳累。慢性乙型肝炎20年,无明显症状,未监测肝功能,未进行抗HBV治疗。查体:慢性病容,神志清,皮肤、巩膜黄染,腹部胀气,脾于肋下可触及,腹水征可疑。实验室检查:ALT 250U/L,AST 300U/L,TBi 300μmol/ L,ALB 30g/L,HBsAg(+),抗HBc(+),HBV DNA 6×107拷贝/ml。3.为抢救患者,最急需的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉滴注白蛋白", "B": "静脉滴注支链氨基酸", "C": "静脉滴注甘草酸制剂", "D": "人工肝支持治疗"}, "answer": "人工肝支持治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪期左冠脉血流量达最高峰?(  )", "options": {"A": "等容收缩期", "B": "等容舒张期", "C": "舒张晚期", "D": "舒张早期"}, "answer": "舒张早期", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿原发型肺结核出现类似百日咳样痉挛性咳嗽是由于胸内淋巴结肿大,压迫(  )。", "options": {"A": "气管", "B": "气管分叉处", "C": "支气管", "D": "喉返神经"}, "answer": "气管分叉处", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于《执业医师法》适用对象的说法不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "本法颁布之日前按照国家有关规定取得医学专业技术职称和医学专业技术职务的人员", "B": "乡村医生", "C": "计划生育技术服务机构中的医师", "D": "在中国境内申请医师考试、注册、执业或者从事临床示教、临床研究等活动的境外人员"}, "answer": "在中国境内申请医师考试、注册、执业或者从事临床示教、临床研究等活动的境外人员", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.抗结核首选和必选药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "异烟肼", "B": "乙胺丁醇", "C": "氨硫脲", "D": "乙硫异烟胺"}, "answer": "异烟肼", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "麻疹并发症,不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎", "B": "脑炎", "C": "亚急性硬化性全脑炎", "D": "急性肾炎"}, "answer": "急性肾炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "诊断羊水栓塞的主要病理依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺泡腔内透明膜形成", "B": "肺泡腔内有胎粪小体", "C": "肺泡腔内广泛出血", "D": "肺血管内有角化上皮"}, "answer": "肺血管内有角化上皮", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,43岁,吸烟20余年,右下肢疼痛,行走后加重3年。右小腿疼痛日益加重,时常出现沿表浅静脉走行的局部压痛、硬结。最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉瘤", "B": "血栓闭塞性脉管炎", "C": "雷诺综合征", "D": "动脉硬化性闭塞症"}, "answer": "血栓闭塞性脉管炎", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "反Cones骨折(Smith骨折)的典型移位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "远侧端向掌侧移位", "B": "近侧端向掌侧移位", "C": "远侧端向桡侧移位", "D": "远侧端向尺侧移位"}, "answer": "远侧端向掌侧移位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.新生儿溶血症(Rh溶血)的诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "试管凝集法(肥达试验)", "B": "抗球蛋白试验(Coomb’s试验)", "C": "间接乳胶凝集试验", "D": "免疫比浊法"}, "answer": "抗球蛋白试验(Coomb’s试验)", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肾病综合征患者高度水肿,尿量400~500m1/d,持续2周,尿蛋白(++++),血浆蛋白20g/L,肌酐清除率为100ml/min。本患者的治疗主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呋塞米", "B": "抗炎药", "C": "肾上腺皮质激素", "D": "血液透析"}, "answer": "肾上腺皮质激素", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "长期应用糖皮质激素治疗,停药时应该(  )。", "options": {"A": "检查病人血细胞", "B": "了解胃黏膜有无损伤", "C": "服用抗糖皮质激素药物", "D": "逐次减量停药"}, "answer": "逐次减量停药", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "左心衰竭最早出现的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "劳力性呼吸困难", "B": "夜间阵发性呼吸困难", "C": "咯血", "D": "少尿"}, "answer": "劳力性呼吸困难", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "呼吸频率加倍,潮气量减半时,将导致(  )。", "options": {"A": "每分通气量增加", "B": "肺泡通气量增加", "C": "肺泡通气量减少", "D": "肺泡通气量不变"}, "answer": "肺泡通气量减少", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,26岁,外伤致右肱骨干骨折,骨折端外露,查体有垂腕、垂指畸形,虎口感觉障碍。符合该患者的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右肱骨干闭合性骨折", "B": "右肱骨干开放性骨折伴桡神经损伤", "C": "右肱骨干骨折伴桡神经损伤", "D": "右肱骨干闭合性骨折伴桡神经损伤"}, "answer": "右肱骨干开放性骨折伴桡神经损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "原发性肺结核和继发性肺结核病均可见的病理类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性纤维空洞型肺结核", "B": "浸润性肺结核", "C": "局灶性肺结核", "D": "粟粒性肺结核"}, "answer": "局灶性肺结核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一新生儿生后不到24小时出现黄疸,很快加重,皮肤重度黄染。2.进一步应做的有重要意义的检查是?(  )", "options": {"A": "便常规", "B": "血型检查", "C": "肝胆B超", "D": "乙肝系列"}, "answer": "血型检查", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "提高人群肺癌筛查检出率的首选方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清肿瘤标志物", "B": "高分辨CT", "C": "低剂量CT", "D": "痰细胞学检查"}, "answer": "低剂量CT", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.白细胞减少症的诊断标准是指外周血白细胞总数低于(  )。", "options": {"A": "0.5×109/L", "B": "4.0×109/L", "C": "1.5×109/L", "D": "3.0×109/L"}, "answer": "4.0×109/L", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,33岁。发现右下腹包块3个月,手术发现右卵巢被破坏,被一囊性肿物所取代,囊内充满脂性物质、毛发,囊壁部分区域较硬,似为骨组织。该肿物最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "畸胎瘤", "B": "囊腺瘤", "C": "囊腺癌", "D": "内胚窦瘤"}, "answer": "畸胎瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,63岁,体重70kg,胰十二指肠切除术后,体温40℃,补液时每天应多补(  )。", "options": {"A": "500ml", "B": "1500m1", "C": "2000ml", "D": "2500ml"}, "answer": "2500ml", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "治疗特发性高尿钙症伴尿结石可选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "呋塞米", "B": "氢氯噻嗪", "C": "螺内酯", "D": "氨苯蝶啶"}, "answer": "氢氯噻嗪", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男孩,1岁。发热伴咳嗽3天,食欲差,偶有呕吐,嗜睡,抽搐2次,双肺可闻及中细湿啰音,心率110次/分,呼吸56次/分,肝肋下1cm,白细胞4×109/L。4.还伴有凹陷性水肿,查血钠120mmol/L,可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球肾炎", "B": "水电解质失衡", "C": "膜性肾病", "D": "抗利尿激素异常分泌综合征"}, "answer": "抗利尿激素异常分泌综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,25岁。足月妊娠,因前置胎盘发生DIC,阴道大出血入院。查体:T 35℃,P130次/分,R25次/分,BP90/40mmHg。实验室检查:Hb 55g/L,PLT 20×109/L,血纤维蛋白原1.6g/L。不正确的输血处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新鲜冰冻血浆", "B": "浓缩血小板", "C": "普通冰冻血浆", "D": "悬浮红细胞"}, "answer": "普通冰冻血浆", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肱骨髁上骨折,最易损伤(  )。", "options": {"A": "肱三头肌", "B": "肱动、静脉", "C": "肌皮神经", "D": "桡神经"}, "answer": "肱动、静脉", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,56岁。右下肢静脉迂曲扩张20年,伴下肢酸胀,水肿,活动或抬高患肢减轻,近2年有足靴区皮肤发红,时有瘙痒,逐渐加重,查体:右下肢大腿内侧、小腿后可见迂曲扩张的静脉团,足靴区色素沉着,皮肤变厚。3.为明确手术治疗方法,术前必须进行哪项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "下肢皮温测定", "B": "下肢静脉压测定", "C": "右下肢静脉造影", "D": "深静脉瓣功能试验"}, "answer": "右下肢静脉造影", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "经产妇,G2P2,无难产史,孕39+2周。3小时前开始规律宫缩。急诊检查:宫缩持续45秒,间歇3分钟。胎心率145次/min,头位,宫口开5cm,羊膜囊明显突出,骨盆检查正常。此时最恰当的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "灌肠以促进产程", "B": "破膜后入院", "C": "急送产房,准备接生", "D": "立即住院待产"}, "answer": "急送产房,准备接生", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于风湿性疾病的临床特点,下列选项不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病程多呈慢性经过", "B": "临床表现差异很大", "C": "反复发作与缓解交替出现", "D": "对治疗反应的个体差异不大"}, "answer": "对治疗反应的个体差异不大", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "右肾盂内1.3cm单发结石,静脉尿路造影显示右肾轻度积水,肾功能正常,首选治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体外冲击波碎石", "B": "经输尿管镜碎石", "C": "药物治疗", "D": "肾盂切开取石"}, "answer": "体外冲击波碎石", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,62岁。绝经11年,阴道反复出血4个月就诊。查体:肥胖,一般情况好,血压150/105mmHg。妇科检查:阴道少许血液,宫颈光滑,子宫正常大,双附件正常。2.确诊的最佳方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫腔涂片细胞学检查", "B": "宫颈活检", "C": "宫腔镜检查", "D": "子宫分段诊刮"}, "answer": "子宫分段诊刮", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "来源于间叶组织的恶性肿瘤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "恶性淋巴瘤", "B": "恶性间皮瘤", "C": "恶性畸胎瘤", "D": "恶性黑色素瘤"}, "answer": "恶性间皮瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "大量出汗时尿量减少的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血容量减少使肾血流量减少", "B": "血压降低使肾小球滤过率减少", "C": "血浆晶体渗透压升高使ADH释放增多", "D": "血浆胶体渗透压升高使有效滤过压降低"}, "answer": "血浆晶体渗透压升高使ADH释放增多", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1岁男婴,因面色苍黄、毛发稀枯3个月。血常规示Hb89g/L,中性粒细胞变大并有分叶过多。骨髓象示:幼红细胞巨幼变。为了明确诊断,首先应选择的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清VitB6测定", "B": "血清VitB12测定", "C": "血清乙酸测定", "D": "血清铁测定"}, "answer": "血清VitB12测定", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于上消化道出血的定义,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "贲门以上部位出血", "B": "幽门以上部位出血", "C": "Treitz韧带以上部位出血", "D": "十二指肠乳头水平以上部位出血"}, "answer": "Treitz韧带以上部位出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有一名颅内压增高病人,病情有加剧表现,处理的关键措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头颅CT,明确病变的性质和部位", "B": "20%甘露醇250ml,一日2次,静脉滴注", "C": "保持便通", "D": "限制水、盐入量"}, "answer": "头颅CT,明确病变的性质和部位", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,26岁。腹泻半天,于8月15日来诊。腹泻30多次,开始为稀便,后为水样便,继之多次呕吐。查体:T 36.5℃,P 110次/分,BP 60/40rnmHg,神志清楚,皮肤干燥,弹性差。腹软,无压痛。粪常规:水样便,镜检WBC 0~3/HP,RBC 0~2/HP。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃肠型细菌性食物中毒", "B": "急性细菌性痢疾", "C": "溃疡性结肠炎", "D": "霍乱"}, "answer": "霍乱", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5.内镜(  )。", "options": {"A": "1%硝酸银溶液", "B": "2%来苏水", "C": "75%乙醇", "D": "2%戊二醛溶液"}, "answer": "2%戊二醛溶液", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.哌替啶长期应用可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "水杨酸反应", "B": "成瘾性", "C": "高血压症", "D": "糖皮质激素分泌亢进"}, "answer": "成瘾性", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "诊断有机磷中毒的最重要指标为(  )。", "options": {"A": "呕吐物有大蒜昧", "B": "毒蕈碱样和烟碱样症状", "C": "血胆碱酯酶活性降低", "D": "阿托品试验阳性"}, "answer": "血胆碱酯酶活性降低", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "艾滋病的表现中哪一种是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "神经系统症状", "B": "体质性疾病", "C": "免疫缺陷所致肿瘤", "D": "顽固休克"}, "answer": "顽固休克", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.男,24岁。急性起病,高热、寒战、咳嗽,咳褐色痰,胸部X线片示右上肺大片实变,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "B": "肺炎链球菌肺炎", "C": "铜绿假单胞菌肺炎", "D": "肺炎克雷伯杆菌肺炎"}, "answer": "肺炎链球菌肺炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.对肿瘤细胞有特异性杀伤作用的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Thl", "B": "Tc", "C": "Mφ", "D": "LAK"}, "answer": "Tc", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于颅内血管畸形,下述哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "本病不是遗传性疾病", "B": "本病多见于青少年", "C": "幕上者明显较幕下者多见", "D": "本病不是先天性疾患"}, "answer": "本病不是先天性疾患", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,50岁。大便变细、次数增多3个月,伴肛门下坠感,里急后重,常有黏液血便,进行性加重。首先应进行的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部B超", "B": "大便隐血", "C": "直肠指诊", "D": "下消化道X线钡剂造影"}, "answer": "直肠指诊", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "特发性血小板减少性紫癫的诊断依据不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "血小板寿命缩短", "B": "血小板减少", "C": "APTT延长", "D": "骨髓巨核细胞增多并成熟障碍"}, "answer": "APTT延长", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项属于Ⅳ型超敏反应疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "接触性皮炎", "B": "类风湿性关节炎", "C": "新生儿溶血症", "D": "血管性水肿"}, "answer": "接触性皮炎", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "诊断血吸虫卵引起的假结核结节最主要的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上皮样细胞+虫卵", "B": "上皮样细胞+多核异物巨细胞+虫卵", "C": "成纤维细胞+虫卵", "D": "淋巴细胞+虫卵"}, "answer": "上皮样细胞+多核异物巨细胞+虫卵", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不属于阵发性室上性心动过速临床特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心率>150次/分", "B": "心律绝对规则", "C": "第一心音强弱不等", "D": "大部分由折返机制引起"}, "answer": "第一心音强弱不等", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女婴,3个月。高热,频繁呕吐3天,嗜睡。查体:双眼凝视,反应差,脐部见少量脓性分泌物,前囟膨隆,心肺正常,脑膜刺激征(+)。3.该患儿最易出现的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑积水", "B": "智力低下", "C": "硬脑膜下积液", "D": "低钙抽搐"}, "answer": "硬脑膜下积液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,46岁。发热5天,于9月16日入院。体温维持在39℃以上,伴寒战,全身乏力,明显头痛。近2天出现腹泻,每日3~5次,水样便,既往体健。查体:T 39.5℃,P 102次/分,R 22次/分。BP 135/78mmHg,结膜充血,巩膜轻度黄染,咽红,腹股沟淋巴结轻度肿大,有压痛,质软。心肺未见异常,腹软,压痛及反跳痛(-),肝肋下触及边缘,有触痛。脾肋下未触及,腓肠肌压痛明显,双侧Babinski(-),实验室检查:血WBC 10.4×109/L,中性粒细胞0.80,淋巴细胞0.20。ALT 210U/L,TBil 40μmol/L。尿蛋白(+)。2.引起本病的病原是(  )。", "options": {"A": "汉坦病毒", "B": "伤寒杆菌", "C": "钩端螺旋体", "D": "痢疾杆菌"}, "answer": "钩端螺旋体", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.非竞争性抑制作用的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Km减小,Vmax减小", "B": "Km增大,Vmax增大", "C": "Km减小,Vmax增大", "D": "Km不变,Vmax减小"}, "answer": "Km不变,Vmax减小", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.瞳孔对光反射的中枢部位在(  )。", "options": {"A": "丘脑的感觉接替核", "B": "下丘脑", "C": "中脑", "D": "延髓"}, "answer": "中脑", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "桡骨下段骨折首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "切开复位钢板内固定", "B": "中药活血化瘀", "C": "手法复位外固定", "D": "直接支具外固定"}, "answer": "手法复位外固定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "与心室肌细胞相比,浦肯野细胞动作电位的主要特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "幅值大", "B": "平台期时程长", "C": "4期自动去极", "D": "0期去极速度快"}, "answer": "4期自动去极", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "治疗支气管哮喘气道炎症的药物不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖皮质激素", "B": "LT调节剂", "C": "曲尼司特", "D": "抗胆碱药"}, "answer": "抗胆碱药", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,30岁。饮酒后突发上腹痛4小时,无发热。血常规:Hb 120g/L,WBC 8.5×109/L,PLT 125×109/L,血淀粉酶1032U/L。腹部B超提示:胰腺略饱满。首要的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用5-氟尿嘧啶", "B": "应用广谱抗生素", "C": "禁食、胃肠减压", "D": "剖腹探查"}, "answer": "禁食、胃肠减压", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,50岁。晚餐后4小时开始上腹疼痛,向左肩、腰、背部放射,恶心、呕吐、腹胀,现已30个小时。曾有胆结石史。体检:呼吸24次/分,体温38.9℃,血压90/75mmHg,巩膜可疑黄染,全腹压痛,上腹部显著伴肌紧张和反跳痛,移动性浊音阳性,血白细胞16×109/L,中性粒细胞89%。为确定诊断,最有价值的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "测定尿淀粉酶", "B": "腹腔穿刺液检查并测定淀粉酶", "C": "结肠镜", "D": "腹部X线检查"}, "answer": "腹腔穿刺液检查并测定淀粉酶", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "车祸后右膝外侧肿痛,右小腿前外侧、足背感觉减退,右足不能背伸。X线检查:右腓骨小头粉碎性骨折,应选哪种治疗方案?(  )", "options": {"A": "右跟骨结节骨牵引", "B": "手术探查右腓总神经,取出碎骨块", "C": "右下肢伸直位石膏托固定", "D": "切开复位碎骨块"}, "answer": "手术探查右腓总神经,取出碎骨块", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "成年男性,临床表现为肾病综合征,血液检查发现血清补体降低,其光镜改变最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球无明显改变", "B": "增生的系膜组织向周围毛细血管延伸", "C": "毛细血管内皮细胞和系膜细胞增生", "D": "肾小球内大量新月体形成"}, "answer": "增生的系膜组织向周围毛细血管延伸", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,21岁。因吸食可卡因5天后停用,伴有无价值感,无望感。最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑郁症", "B": "戒断综合征", "C": "神经衰弱", "D": "神经官能症"}, "answer": "戒断综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.妊娠高血压综合征孕妇头痛剧烈伴呕吐时首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硫酸镁静脉滴注", "B": "哌替啶肌内注射", "C": "肼苯达嗪静脉滴注", "D": "甘露醇快速静脉滴注"}, "answer": "甘露醇快速静脉滴注", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,26岁,停经48天,阴道少量流血5天,偶有腹痛,无发热,腹泻,平素月经规律,查体:T 36.6℃,P 80次/分,BP 120/65mmHg,双肺呼吸音清,未闻及啰音,心律齐,各瓣膜听诊区未闻及杂音,腹软,无压痛,妇科检查:宫颈软,宫体稍大且软,附件无异常,血常规:Hb 126g/L,WBC 7.3×109/L。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫肌瘤", "B": "功能失调性子宫出血", "C": "异位妊娠破裂", "D": "先兆流产"}, "answer": "先兆流产", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "日本血吸虫寄生于人体的(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝静脉系统", "B": "淋巴系统", "C": "门静脉系统", "D": "内脏"}, "answer": "门静脉系统", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性单纯性阑尾炎时,最不符合临床表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右下腹局限性压痛", "B": "白细胞计数轻度升高", "C": "局部腹肌紧张", "D": "有低热表现"}, "answer": "局部腹肌紧张", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪项是小叶性肺炎的病变特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "多见于两肺上叶", "B": "累及支气管和肺组织", "C": "属浆液性炎", "D": "属肉芽肿性炎"}, "answer": "累及支气管和肺组织", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "中心静脉插管常见的感染病原菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大肠杆菌", "B": "霉菌", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌/表皮葡萄球菌", "D": "肺炎双球菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌/表皮葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,28岁。对与她交往的两个男朋友都很喜欢,于是咨询心理医生,并询问该医生如何选择,该医生只是帮其分析利弊,并没有回答其问题。该医生在这件事情上采取了(  )。", "options": {"A": "真诚原则", "B": "耐心原则", "C": "保密原则", "D": "中立原则"}, "answer": "中立原则", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "美国一女患者,患有严重的脑综合征、慢性褥疮、心脏病、糖尿病等,对环境没有感觉,只有原始的脑功能,有自主呼吸,没有认识、行为能力,且无改善的希望,住院不久即插入鼻饲管以维持生命。她的监护人要求取走鼻饲管,被主管医师拒绝,监护人向法院起诉要求强迫取走,法院同意并下令取走;但受理上诉的法院否定了这个决定,认为中止喂饲就是杀人。3年后,女患者死亡,她的鼻饲管仍保留着。1.主管医师拒绝患者监护人的请求,其理由是:医疗行为必须体现(  )。", "options": {"A": "医乃仁术", "B": "不伤害原则", "C": "尊重患者自主原则", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,50岁。右下肢疼痛5年。让其抬高右下肢80°,1分钟后下肢皮肤苍白,再让其下肢垂于床沿,大约1分钟后下肢皮肤颜色方恢复正常。该检查结果提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "Buerger试验阳性", "B": "下肢静脉通畅度(Trendelenburg)试验阳性", "C": "Perthes试验阳性", "D": "Lasegue试验阳性"}, "answer": "Buerger试验阳性", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,43岁,四肢无力,站立不稳,进行性加重半年,无外伤史。查体:双下肢肌张力高、腱反射亢进。Hoffmann征(+),Babinski征(+)。1.可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓型颈椎病", "B": "混合型颈椎病", "C": "椎动脉型颈椎病", "D": "神经根型颈椎病"}, "answer": "脊髓型颈椎病", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一个健康儿体重7.5kg,身长67cm,会翻身,能独坐,不会爬,能发出“爸爸”、“妈妈”等复音,但无意识,能听懂自己的名字,其月龄最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "3~4个月", "B": "5个月", "C": "7个月", "D": "8个月"}, "answer": "7个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项不是门脉高压症的临床表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "脾肿大", "B": "胃肠淤血", "C": "侧支循环形成", "D": "幽门梗阻"}, "answer": "幽门梗阻", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.上述哪项多见于脑血管性精神障碍?(  )", "options": {"A": "童样痴呆", "B": "情感高涨", "C": "情感低落", "D": "强制性哭笑"}, "answer": "强制性哭笑", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.补体(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫屏障(内部)", "B": "病毒抑制物", "C": "细胞作用", "D": "中和抗体"}, "answer": "病毒抑制物", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,35岁。腹部被倒墙压伤,中腹部剧痛伴呕吐2小时。血压120/86mmHg,体温38℃,腹胀,肌紧张,压痛、反跳痛阳性,肠鸣音消失。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹腔大出血", "B": "腹膜后血肿", "C": "小肠破裂", "D": "右肾挫伤"}, "answer": "小肠破裂", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "长期采用全胃肠外营养,理想静脉为(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈内或锁骨下静脉", "B": "大隐静脉", "C": "头静脉", "D": "颈外静脉"}, "answer": "颈内或锁骨下静脉", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "可作为心室收缩期开始的标志是下列哪一心音?(  )", "options": {"A": "第一心音", "B": "第二心音", "C": "第三心音", "D": "主动脉瓣关闭音"}, "answer": "第一心音", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.行为学派注重(  )。", "options": {"A": "认知与评价", "B": "自我实现", "C": "习得的行为", "D": "人的本性是恶的"}, "answer": "习得的行为", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "合成脂肪能力最强的器官组织是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝", "B": "脂肪组织", "C": "肺", "D": "骨髓"}, "answer": "肝", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "5.充血(  )。", "options": {"A": "心房颤动时脑软化", "B": "雷诺病", "C": "槟榔肝", "D": "急性阑尾炎"}, "answer": "急性阑尾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "38岁初产妇,在家中经阴道自然分娩,胎儿、胎盘娩出。因时多时少的阴道持续流血1小时,急诊就诊。1.对患者诊断有价值的病史是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝炎病史", "B": "滞产", "C": "高龄初产妇", "D": "臀先露经阴道分娩"}, "answer": "滞产", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,60岁,煤矿工人,近10年来出现憋气、心悸、口唇青紫。X线检查,肺门部可见较密集的结节,多数直径小于1cm。关于该患者疾病描述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可引起呼吸衰竭", "B": "可合并肺结核", "C": "可合并肺源性心脏病", "D": "可合并间皮瘤"}, "answer": "可合并间皮瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,49岁。寒战、高热伴肝区疼痛半个月。既往体健。查体:T 38.5℃,P 110次/分,BP100/70mmHg。皮肤无黄染,肝肋下可触及,肝区叩击痛阳性。血常规:WBC 16×109/L,N0.89。B超示肝左叶10cm×7cm液性暗区。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝血管瘤", "B": "肝癌", "C": "细菌性肝脓肿", "D": "肝囊肿"}, "answer": "细菌性肝脓肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于奥美拉唑,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制胃壁细胞H+泵作用", "B": "也能使促胃液素分泌增加", "C": "是H2受体阻断药", "D": "对消化性溃疡和反流性食管炎效果好"}, "answer": "是H2受体阻断药", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,16岁,3D来左膝关节肿胀。自幼于外伤后易出血不止。查体:皮肤黏膜来见出血及紫癜,出血时间2min;凝血时间30min,凝血酶原时间正常,疾病分类应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "凝血酶生成障碍", "B": "血小板异常", "C": "凝血活酶生成障碍", "D": "血管壁功能异常"}, "answer": "凝血酶生成障碍", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.头部手术拆线时间(  )。", "options": {"A": "4~5天", "B": "6~7天", "C": "7~9天", "D": "14天"}, "answer": "4~5天", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对冠脉血流量进行调节的各种因素中,最重要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心肌本身的代谢水平", "B": "迷走神经的兴奋程度", "C": "肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素的多少", "D": "血管紧张素的多少"}, "answer": "心肌本身的代谢水平", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,50岁。中上腹饥饿性隐痛反复发作15年,伴反酸、嗳气,进食和服用抑酸剂可缓解。2.患者4小时前突然出现中上腹剧痛且腹痛持续存在,该患者可能发生的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性胰腺炎并发出血坏死", "B": "胃癌并发幽门梗阻", "C": "消化性溃疡并发急性穿孔", "D": "小肠梗阻"}, "answer": "消化性溃疡并发急性穿孔", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,42岁,因皮肤紫癜入院,血小板计数65×109/L血块收缩不良,与其血小板减少无关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒感染", "B": "电离辐射", "C": "自身免疫性疾病如SLE", "D": "大量出血如月经过多,痔疮出血等"}, "answer": "大量出血如月经过多,痔疮出血等", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于胫腓骨骨折并发症的描述哪一个是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "胫骨上1/3骨折可造成小腿下段的缺血坏死", "B": "腓骨中段骨折可引起足下垂", "C": "胫骨上段骨折可伤及胫神经", "D": "腓骨头骨折容易伤及腓总神经"}, "answer": "腓骨中段骨折可引起足下垂", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,25岁,不明原因发热两个月入院,贫血貌,杵状指,皮肤黏膜有多处小出血点,入院时,三尖瓣区有Ⅲ级吹风样杂音,近13消失,脾大,有压痛,血液培养为草绿色链球菌,拟用青霉素G和下述之一药合用,宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "链霉素", "B": "红霉素", "C": "奈替米星", "D": "羧苄西林"}, "answer": "链霉素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在腹部闭合性损伤引起的肝破裂中,肝脏最易受损伤的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左叶", "B": "右叶", "C": "脏面", "D": "肝门"}, "answer": "右叶", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.遵循正常小儿发育的规律出生时、6个月、1岁时体重大约分别是(  )。", "options": {"A": "3kg、7kg、9kg", "B": "50cm、75cm、85cm", "C": "2kg、5kg、10kg", "D": "30cm、50cm、70cm"}, "answer": "3kg、7kg、9kg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "食管癌较多发生在(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸中段食管", "B": "胸上段食管", "C": "胸下段食管", "D": "食管贲门部"}, "answer": "胸中段食管", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期、Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭患者最常采用的氧疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高浓度吸氧", "B": "低浓度吸氧", "C": "无创正压通气", "D": "机械通气"}, "answer": "低浓度吸氧", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,50岁。中上腹饥饿性隐痛反复发作15年,伴反酸、嗳气,进食和服用抑酸剂可缓解。4.为确诊应选择的检查手段是(  )。", "options": {"A": "MRI", "B": "癌胚抗原测定", "C": "腹部X线平片", "D": "中腹部B超"}, "answer": "腹部X线平片", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,17岁,右侧甲状腺有单发冷结节,最恰当的疗法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗甲状腺药物", "B": "放射碘治疗", "C": "手术治疗", "D": "多吃海带、紫菜"}, "answer": "手术治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "婴儿支气管肺炎心力衰竭时,最少见的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心率突然>160次/分", "B": "呼吸突然加快>60次/分", "C": "颈静脉怒张", "D": "肝增大"}, "answer": "颈静脉怒张", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩,3岁,出生时正常,母乳喂养,5个月后智能渐落后,头发变黄,肤色变白,有时发生抽搐,肌张力较高。1.临床上应首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症", "B": "苯丙酮尿症", "C": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症", "D": "癫痫"}, "answer": "苯丙酮尿症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.小儿风湿热发生心肌炎时可表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "心尖搏动弥散,心音低钝", "B": "心脏杂音早期随病情有变化", "C": "以膝、踝、腕、肘大关节为主", "D": "以趾、指、颞、颌小关节为主"}, "answer": "心尖搏动弥散,心音低钝", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有关中枢耐受,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中枢耐受是指T及B免疫细胞遇内源或外源Ag不应答", "B": "TCR、BCR需与基质细胞表面表达的自身抗原肽-MHC分子及自身抗原呈高亲和力结合,引发阴性选择致克隆消除", "C": "如胸腺及骨髓微环境基质细胞缺陷,生后不会患自身免疫病", "D": "自身应答性T及B细胞不会致自身免疫病"}, "answer": "TCR、BCR需与基质细胞表面表达的自身抗原肽-MHC分子及自身抗原呈高亲和力结合,引发阴性选择致克隆消除", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,25岁,精神分裂症,称住院的地方既是医院又是监狱,表面上是医院而实际上是监狱。该症状属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "错觉", "B": "被害妄想", "C": "双重定向", "D": "幻觉"}, "answer": "双重定向", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,33岁,甲状腺大部切除术后近1天。严重呼吸困难,不能发音,唇发绀。脉搏120次/min。血压160/100mmHg(21.3/13.3kPa),切口无肿胀,引流管少许陈旧血液,最可能是哪种手术并发症?(  )", "options": {"A": "喉头水肿", "B": "损伤双侧喉返神经", "C": "致气管受压迫", "D": "甲状腺危象"}, "answer": "损伤双侧喉返神经", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,22岁,既往有HBsAg阳性史,10天前无诱因发热,体温逐渐上升,波动于37.5~39℃,近3天体温持续在38.5~39.5℃不降,伴有食欲缺乏、乏力、腹胀及尿黄。查体:T39.5℃,P88次/分,BP110/70mmHg,神清,表情淡漠,未见皮疹,巩膜轻度黄染,心肺未见异常,腹软,右下腹压痛(+),肝右肋下2cm,脾未触及,肝浊音区不小,移动性浊音阴性,双下肢无浮肿。化验:白细胞3.5×109/L,中性粒细胞0.6,淋巴细胞0.4,血HBsAg(+),抗-HBsAg。3.患者治疗的首选方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卧床休息,保肝治疗", "B": "用激素退热,减轻中毒症状", "C": "用喹诺酮类药物进行病原治疗", "D": "用干扰素治疗"}, "answer": "用喹诺酮类药物进行病原治疗", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "普鲁卡因穿透力较弱,不宜用于(  )。", "options": {"A": "浸润麻醉", "B": "蛛网膜下腔麻醉", "C": "表面麻醉", "D": "硬膜外麻醉"}, "answer": "表面麻醉", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "9个月小儿,牛奶喂养,未添加辅食,多汗,烦躁,有枕秃,出牙2颗,血清钙低,血清磷低,碱性磷酸酶高,长骨拍片示临时钙化带模糊。1.根据病史查体及检查初步诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "软骨发育不良", "B": "佝偻病初期", "C": "佝偻病活动期", "D": "黏多糖病"}, "answer": "佝偻病活动期", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.静脉滴注甘露醇引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "水利尿", "B": "渗透性利尿", "C": "尿失禁", "D": "尿潴留"}, "answer": "渗透性利尿", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "《医疗事故处理条例》规定患者在发生医疗纠纷的时候可以封存和复印病历,下列资料中可以封存但不能复印的病历资料是(  )。", "options": {"A": "会诊记录", "B": "门诊病历", "C": "病理报告单", "D": "化验报告单"}, "answer": "会诊记录", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.5-磷酸核糖(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制PRPP酰胺转移酶", "B": "抑制氨基甲酰磷酶合成酶Ⅱ", "C": "促进PRPP合成酶", "D": "抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶"}, "answer": "促进PRPP合成酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医师在医疗活动中对病人和社会履行义务的道德责任感和自我评价能力,称为医师的(  )。", "options": {"A": "爱心", "B": "诚心", "C": "良心", "D": "同情心"}, "answer": "良心", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "6个月女婴,发热3d,体温39℃,查体:一般情况良好,咽充血,耳后淋巴结肿大,心肺无异常,肝脾未触及。若患儿热退后,伴皮疹出现,可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "风疹", "B": "麻疹", "C": "水痘", "D": "幼儿急疹"}, "answer": "幼儿急疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性无合并症淋病的临床表现,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿道口红肿", "B": "尿道口溢脓", "C": "腹股沟淋巴结肿大", "D": "全身症状重"}, "answer": "全身症状重", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肾综合征出血热属(  )。", "options": {"A": "蜱传性出血热", "B": "动物源性出血热伴肾综合征", "C": "动物源性出血热不伴肾综合征", "D": "传播途径不明的出血热"}, "answer": "动物源性出血热伴肾综合征", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "37岁妇女,因阴部有块物脱出就诊。妇科检查见部分宫体与宫颈外露于阴道口,宫颈较长。本例恰当处理应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阴道前后壁修补术", "B": "Manchester手术", "C": "阴道子宫全切除及阴道前后壁修补术", "D": "经腹子宫全切除术"}, "answer": "Manchester手术", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.血站违反献血法的规定,向医疗机构提供不符合国家规定标准的血液的视情节应承担相应的(  )。", "options": {"A": "民事责任、行政责任、刑事责任", "B": "行政责任、刑事责任", "C": "刑事责任", "D": "行政责任"}, "answer": "行政责任、刑事责任", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "大肠癌诊断和术后监测最有意义的肿瘤标志物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CEA", "B": "CA19-9", "C": "CA125", "D": "PSA"}, "answer": "CEA", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "短程心理治疗一般不超过(  )。", "options": {"A": "1个月", "B": "3个月", "C": "6个月", "D": "2年"}, "answer": "3个月", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "易患强直性脊柱炎的患者通常具有(  )。", "options": {"A": "HLA-DR2", "B": "HLA-DR4", "C": "HLA-DR5", "D": "HLA-B27"}, "answer": "HLA-B27", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于肝糖原合成的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "从1-磷酸葡萄糖合成糖原不消耗高能磷酸键", "B": "糖原合成酶催化1,4-糖苷键生成", "C": "分支酶催化1,6-糖苷键生成", "D": "糖原合成需要小分子引物"}, "answer": "从1-磷酸葡萄糖合成糖原不消耗高能磷酸键", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "孙某开办了一个体诊所,为附近的居民进行诊治,后来他因某事而被判处了有期徒刑,人们猜测出几种可能的原因,其中哪种可以得到卫生法律理论的支持?(  )", "options": {"A": "孙某逾期不校验《医疗机构执业许可证》仍从事诊疗活动", "B": "孙某开办的诊所并未取得《医疗机构执业许可证》,经其诊治的患者中有多人出现严重不良反应", "C": "孙某应患者的要求,给其开具虚假医疗证明", "D": "孙某雇佣了不懂医术的赵某帮助其治疗病人"}, "answer": "孙某开办的诊所并未取得《医疗机构执业许可证》,经其诊治的患者中有多人出现严重不良反应", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "二尖瓣关闭不全的典型体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心尖部Austin-Flint杂音", "B": "A2增强", "C": "心界呈梨形", "D": "心尖部粗糙的收缩期杂音"}, "answer": "心尖部粗糙的收缩期杂音", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "实施人工授精可能产生的伦理问题不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "对单身妇女是否可以实施", "B": "谁是孩子的父亲", "C": "是否允许代孕", "D": "精子可否商品化"}, "answer": "是否允许代孕", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "中等卫校毕业生林某,在乡卫生院工作,2000年取得执业助理医师执业证书。他要参加执业医师资格考试,根据《执业医师法》规定,应取得执业助理医师执业证书后,在医疗机构中工作满(  )。", "options": {"A": "5年", "B": "4年", "C": "3年", "D": "2年"}, "answer": "5年", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,4岁,智能运动发育落后,两眼内侧距离宽,鼻梁低平,双眼外侧上斜,经常伸舌,通贯手。1.其最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯丙酮尿症", "B": "21-三体综合征", "C": "先天性甲状腺功能低下", "D": "黏多糖病"}, "answer": "21-三体综合征", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "心电图是(  )。", "options": {"A": "在体表记录的心脏舒缩活动", "B": "在心脏表面记录的心电向量变化", "C": "在体表记录的心脏电变化引起的电场电位变化", "D": "在心肌细胞内记录的生物电变化"}, "answer": "在体表记录的心脏电变化引起的电场电位变化", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "高渗性昏迷与酮症酸中毒的实验室检查的主要区别是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血钠水平", "B": "血尿素氮水平", "C": "血浆渗透压", "D": "血清CO2CP"}, "answer": "血浆渗透压", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,30岁。剖宫产术后15天,突然阴道大量流血3小时。查体:BP 80/60mmHg,心率125次/分。化验血Hb 60g/L。该患者应立即采取的常规处理措施不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "静滴缩宫素", "B": "行清宫术止血", "C": "B超检查", "D": "补液、输血"}, "answer": "行清宫术止血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,35岁,高血压2年,半年来多饮、多尿,反复手足搐搦。2.对确诊最有价值的进一步检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾素—血管紧张素—醛固酮测定", "B": "血ACTH测定", "C": "血PTH测定", "D": "OGTT试验"}, "answer": "肾素—血管紧张素—醛固酮测定", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,20岁,四肢无力4天,无尿便障碍,无发热。查体:四肢肌力Ⅲ级,四肢远端痛觉减退,腱反射弱,无病理反射,腰穿正常。首先考虑的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "格林—巴利综合征", "B": "周期性麻痹", "C": "脊髓灰质炎", "D": "重症肌无力"}, "answer": "格林—巴利综合征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "抗体治疗的原理不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "中和毒素", "B": "降解毒素", "C": "介导溶解淋巴细胞", "D": "中和炎症因子"}, "answer": "降解毒素", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.下腹部手术拆线时间(  )。", "options": {"A": "4~5天", "B": "6~7天", "C": "7~9天", "D": "14天"}, "answer": "6~7天", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一个小儿身长85cm,体重12.5kg,头围48.5cm,前囟已闭合,会走,能双足跳跃,能说出简单的物名,请问其可能的年龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "10月", "B": "2岁", "C": "3岁", "D": "4岁"}, "answer": "2岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.女性第二性征的最初特征为(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳房萌发", "B": "出现阴毛、腋毛", "C": "月经初潮", "D": "开始排卵"}, "answer": "乳房萌发", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肱骨外科颈的解剖部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肱骨大、小结节交界处", "B": "肱骨中上1/3交界处", "C": "肱骨上端之骨端", "D": "肱骨大、小结节移行为肱骨干之交界处"}, "answer": "肱骨大、小结节交界处", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "股骨干下1/3骨折损伤的结构是(  )。", "options": {"A": "股静脉", "B": "股动脉", "C": "大隐静脉", "D": "腘动脉"}, "answer": "腘动脉", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.与ADP和ATP相互转化相关的过程是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氧化与磷酸化的偶联", "B": "能量的贮存与利用", "C": "2H+与1/2O2的结合", "D": "乳酸脱氢酶催化的反应"}, "answer": "能量的贮存与利用", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪一项不属于乳腺癌的组织学类型?(  )", "options": {"A": "小叶原位癌", "B": "乳腺肉瘤", "C": "浸润性导管癌", "D": "乳腺炎样癌"}, "answer": "乳腺肉瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性白血病发生贫血的最主要因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓造血受白血病细胞干扰", "B": "严重皮肤黏膜及内脏出血", "C": "脾脏大,破坏红细胞过多", "D": "产生抗红细胞抗体"}, "answer": "骨髓造血受白血病细胞干扰", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对肾综合征出血热来说,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "野生鼠类是主要传染源", "B": "是自然疫源性疾病", "C": "可经呼吸道传播", "D": "每年7~9月份为流行高峰"}, "answer": "每年7~9月份为流行高峰", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,8岁,畏寒、高热、头痛、呕吐8h于3月2日急诊来院。查体:体温40.2 ℃,皮肤见散在瘀点、瘀斑,外周血白细胞32.5×109/L,中性粒细胞0.91,淋巴细胞0.09。初步诊断为流行性脑脊髓膜炎。2.该患者入院后皮肤黏膜瘀点、瘀斑迅速增多、融合,并出现嗜睡及意识障碍.面色苍白,四肢厥冷,测血压40/20mmHg。其临床类型应属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "普通型流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "B": "暴发型流行性脑脊髓膜炎、休克型", "C": "暴发型流行性脑脊髓膜炎、脑膜脑炎型", "D": "暴发型流行性脑脊髓膜炎、混合型"}, "answer": "暴发型流行性脑脊髓膜炎、休克型", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某新生儿室发现多名发热、流涕、口唇发绀的患儿,体检均发现心动过速,心音低钝,心电图呈心肌炎表现,患儿最可能感染的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "柯萨奇病毒", "B": "麻疹病毒", "C": "单纯疱疹病毒", "D": "腺病毒"}, "answer": "柯萨奇病毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1mol软脂酸(16碳)彻底氧化成CO2和水时,净生成ATP的摩尔数为(  )。", "options": {"A": "95", "B": "125", "C": "129", "D": "146"}, "answer": "129", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "临床少见而产妇病死率极高的分娩期并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子痫", "B": "脐带脱垂", "C": "子宫破裂", "D": "羊水栓塞"}, "answer": "羊水栓塞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "思维的重要特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "深刻性和观念性", "B": "抽象性和创造性", "C": "分析性和综合性", "D": "间接性和概括性"}, "answer": "间接性和概括性", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,64岁,演出中突感眩晕、枕部疼痛、呕吐、步行不稳,20分钟后昏迷,呼吸节律不整,临床诊断脑出血。部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颞叶", "B": "脑室", "C": "脑桥", "D": "小脑"}, "answer": "小脑", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "表面具有高亲和性IgE FC受体的细胞(  )。", "options": {"A": "NK细胞", "B": "肥大细胞", "C": "内皮细胞", "D": "血小板"}, "answer": "肥大细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列无需注销执业医师注册的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医师死亡", "B": "医师被宣告失踪", "C": "医师负有民事责任", "D": "医师受吊销医师执业证书的行政处罚"}, "answer": "医师负有民事责任", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.治疗结节硬化型霍奇金淋巴瘤首选的方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "M2方案", "B": "ESHAP方案", "C": "ABVD方案", "D": "CHOP方案"}, "answer": "ABVD方案", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "按照执业医师法规定,应当进行重新注册的是中止医师执业活动一定期限以及本法第十五条规定的情形消失,申请重新执业的。“一定期限”指(  )。", "options": {"A": "3年以上", "B": "2年以上", "C": "1年以上", "D": "5年以上"}, "answer": "2年以上", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,58岁,双下肢及颜面水肿2个月,尿蛋白5.2g/24h,血白蛋白19g/L,1天来出现肉眼血尿,首选应考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿路感染", "B": "尿路结石", "C": "急性肾炎", "D": "肾静脉血栓"}, "answer": "肾静脉血栓", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪一种物质不是甘油磷脂的成分?(  )", "options": {"A": "乙醇胺", "B": "肌醇", "C": "丝氨酸", "D": "神经鞘氨醇"}, "answer": "神经鞘氨醇", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男性,30岁,30min前被刀刺右前胸部,咳血痰,呼吸困难。体检:血压107/78mmHg,脉搏96/min,右前胸有轻度皮下气肿,右锁骨中线4肋间可见3cm长创口,随呼吸有气体进出伤口响声。1.该病人纵隔的位置是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右偏", "B": "左偏", "C": "在右侧与正中间摆动", "D": "在左侧与正中间摆动"}, "answer": "在左侧与正中间摆动", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,30岁,右髋部疼痛1年,伴低热、盗汗、纳差及体重减轻。查体:右髋关节呈屈曲畸形,活动受限,Thomas征(+),ESR30mm/h。X线片示右髋关节间隙变窄,关节面有骨质破坏,右髋臼有2cm大小空洞,内有坏死骨片。3.下述对穿刺进针部位的选择哪一项最正确(  )。", "options": {"A": "于脓肿低位处", "B": "脓肿波动明显处", "C": "于脓肿高位处", "D": "于脓肿外周健康皮肤处"}, "answer": "于脓肿外周健康皮肤处", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "主管全国母婴保健工作的部门是(  )。", "options": {"A": "各级人民政府卫生行政部门", "B": "各级人民政府", "C": "国家计划生育主管部门", "D": "国务院卫生行政部门"}, "answer": "国务院卫生行政部门", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.在临床医学研究前,对无行为能力的病人要获得他家属的同意,这属(  )。", "options": {"A": "代理同意", "B": "知情同意", "C": "诱导同意", "D": "无效同意"}, "answer": "代理同意", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,35岁,因2天来腹泻于8月20日来诊。患者外出旅游归来,大便每日10多次,伴呕吐多次,不发热,口渴,BP100/70mmHg,P 100次/分,腹软无压痛,肠鸣音活跃,大便镜检WBC 0~1/HP。2.为尽快诊断应检测(  )。", "options": {"A": "大便悬滴动力试验", "B": "大便培养", "C": "大便涂片找细菌", "D": "大便检测特异性抗原"}, "answer": "大便悬滴动力试验", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "个体处于应激状态时,表现出心率加快,血压增高,呼吸加速,血糖升高和肌张力增强,这些生理反应说明活动增强的神经内分泌系统是(  )。", "options": {"A": "下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴", "B": "下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴", "C": "下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴", "D": "下丘脑-垂体后叶轴"}, "answer": "下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿特有的能量需求方面是(  )。", "options": {"A": "基础代谢", "B": "生长发育", "C": "食物特殊动力作用", "D": "排泄损失能量"}, "answer": "生长发育", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某患者空腹血糖浓度为200mg/dl,尿糖阳性,患者自诉有多食、多饮、多尿症状。其尿量增加的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球滤过率增加", "B": "肾小管中葡萄糖浓度增加使水重吸收减少", "C": "肾小管分泌增加", "D": "醛固酮分泌增加"}, "answer": "肾小管中葡萄糖浓度增加使水重吸收减少", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,10岁,右足底被铁锈钉刺伤10天,突然出现张口困难,继之出现苦笑面容,角弓反张,声响及触碰患者可诱发上述症状,患者神志清楚,不发热。2.该病属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "毒血症", "B": "败血症", "C": "脓血症", "D": "脓毒血症"}, "answer": "毒血症", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "胸腔穿刺的指征不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "检查胸腔积液的性质", "B": "抽液减压", "C": "疑为恶性胸腔积液者", "D": "常在CT指引下穿刺"}, "answer": "常在CT指引下穿刺", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,65岁,咳嗽、咳痰10天,纳差、腹泻3天,神志不清伴抽搐2小时。糖尿病史10年,不规律口服降糖药治疗。4.最有效的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甘露醇脱水", "B": "输高张糖", "C": "输生理盐水+胰岛素", "D": "补钾"}, "answer": "输生理盐水+胰岛素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一位感冒患者,其急性期咽漱液或鼻咽拭子标本,接种于12日龄鸡胚,35℃培养3天后,收集的羊水和尿囊液,经检测已诊断为流感病毒,拟进一步鉴别流感病毒的型、亚型和毒株,下一步适用的试验方法应该是(  )。", "options": {"A": "间接凝集试验", "B": "血吸抑制试验", "C": "红细胞凝集(血凝)试验", "D": "血凝抑制试验"}, "answer": "血凝抑制试验", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.预激综合征合并快速心房颤动宜选择的治疗药物为(  )。", "options": {"A": "洋地黄", "B": "阿托品", "C": "利多卡因", "D": "胺碘酮"}, "answer": "胺碘酮", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,55岁,国家公务员,30年来因丈夫(高级工程师)有外遇,夫妻感情不佳,总想离婚,但又总舍不得孩子,又怕丢面子,来到心理咨询门诊,想问心理咨询师,离婚还是不离婚好?此时心理咨询师最应注意的原则为(  )。", "options": {"A": "回避原则", "B": "灵活原则", "C": "综合原则", "D": "中立原则"}, "answer": "综合原则", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.上述哪项是催化三羧酸循环第一步反应的酶?(  )", "options": {"A": "异柠檬酸脱氢酶、α-酮戊二酸脱氢酶", "B": "柠檬酸合成酶、琥珀酸脱氢酶", "C": "柠檬酸合成酶", "D": "苹果酸脱氢酶"}, "answer": "柠檬酸合成酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,25岁。进食生冷食物后上腹痛。恶心伴剧烈呕吐,初为胃内容物,后为少量新鲜血。引起呕血最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "贲门黏膜撕裂", "B": "十二指肠溃疡合并出血", "C": "急性糜烂出血性胃炎", "D": "应激性溃疡"}, "answer": "贲门黏膜撕裂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,62岁。慢性上腹痛、腹胀20余年,腹痛无规律。10年前胃镜诊为慢性萎缩性胃炎。2个月来上腹痛加重,偶有呕吐,体重下降7kg。查体:贫血貌。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝癌", "B": "胆囊癌", "C": "十二指肠溃疡伴幽门梗阻", "D": "胃癌"}, "answer": "胃癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1岁半小儿,2天来流涕、鼻塞、精神好,今午后发热39℃,突然全身抽动、双眼发直、口吐白沫,持续2分钟后缓解,抽止后神志清楚。体检:发育正常,皮肤未见出血点,咽充血,心、肺无异常,前囟已闭,颈无抵抗,克氏征阴性。2.为了进一步明确诊断,较有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血培养", "B": "脑电图", "C": "脑脊液检查", "D": "头颅CT"}, "answer": "脑电图", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "27岁初孕妇,妊娠39周,近半月头痛、眼花,今晨出现剧烈头痛并呕吐来院就诊。1.最有参考价值的病史是(  )。", "options": {"A": "既往血压正常", "B": "既往无头痛史", "C": "有患病毒性肝炎史", "D": "有颈椎病病史"}, "answer": "既往血压正常", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪项是矽肺早期病变的部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "两肺上叶", "B": "左肺中叶", "C": "肺门淋巴结", "D": "胸膜"}, "answer": "肺门淋巴结", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.21-三体综合征(  )。", "options": {"A": "染色体畸变", "B": "苯丙氨酸羟化酶缺乏", "C": "氨基己糖苷酸缺乏", "D": "四氢生物蝶呤生成不足"}, "answer": "染色体畸变", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对心肌梗死有特异性的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "LDH1", "B": "LDH2", "C": "LDH3", "D": "LDH5"}, "answer": "LDH1", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "6岁女孩,患风湿热,查体在心尖部听到3级吹风样全收缩期杂音,有可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏炎表现", "B": "二尖瓣受累,闭锁不全", "C": "无任何临床意义", "D": "发热所致"}, "answer": "二尖瓣受累,闭锁不全", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1岁男孩,多汗,夜惊。查体:前囟门2cm×2cm,方颅,出牙2个,串珠明显。血钙2mmol/U(8mg/d1),钙×磷:28。应采用哪一项治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "口服维生素D剂400IU/日及钙剂", "B": "口服维生素D剂800IU/日及钙剂", "C": "注射维生素D330万IU,每2周注射1次,共2次,并口服钙剂", "D": "注射维生素D330万IU1次肌内注射即可"}, "answer": "注射维生素D330万IU,每2周注射1次,共2次,并口服钙剂", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.与酮体利用有关的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甘油三酯脂肪酶", "B": "HMGCoA裂解酶", "C": "琥珀酰CoA转硫酶", "D": "去饱和酶"}, "answer": "琥珀酰CoA转硫酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于兴奋性突触传递过程的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "突触前轴突末梢去极化", "B": "Ca2+由膜外进入突触前膜内", "C": "突触后膜对Na+、K+、Ca2+,特别是对K+的通透性升高", "D": "突触后膜去极化达阈值时,引起突触后神经元发放冲动"}, "answer": "突触后膜对Na+、K+、Ca2+,特别是对K+的通透性升高", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,30岁。13h前.前臂下l/3切割伤致骨折及深、浅屈指肌腱,正中、尺神经,尺、桡动脉损伤,应采用的治疗方法为(  )。", "options": {"A": "清创后,骨折复位,吻合尺、桡动脉,其他组织待二期处理", "B": "清创后,吻合尺、桡动脉,并一期修复其他组织", "C": "清创后,骨折复位,吻合桡动脉结扎尺动脉,并一期修复其他组织", "D": "清创后,结扎尺、桡动脉,一期修复其他组织"}, "answer": "清创后,骨折复位,吻合尺、桡动脉,其他组织待二期处理", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "决定基因表达空间特异性的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "个体差异", "B": "细胞分布", "C": "生命周期", "D": "发育时间"}, "answer": "细胞分布", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.收缩压与舒张压之差称(  )。", "options": {"A": "舒张压", "B": "脉压", "C": "平均动脉压", "D": "中心静脉压"}, "answer": "脉压", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.出生体重2200g,胎龄39周被称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "足月小样儿", "B": "极低出生体重儿", "C": "早产儿", "D": "巨大儿"}, "answer": "足月小样儿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,40岁。近10天内发生5次乳头血性溢液,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺囊性增生", "B": "乳腺癌", "C": "乳腺纤维腺瘤", "D": "导管内乳头状瘤"}, "answer": "导管内乳头状瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,75岁。7天前因胆囊多发小结石行腹腔镜胆囊切除术,近2日来发现巩膜黄染。2.此时最好的处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ERCP加EST取石", "B": "开腹胆总管探查", "C": "保肝治疗", "D": "暂不处理"}, "answer": "ERCP加EST取石", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,20岁,1型糖尿病患者,出现恶心、厌食2天,神志不清1小时,查体面色潮红,呼吸深快,意识障碍。诊断方面最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖尿病酮症酸中毒", "B": "糖尿病高渗性昏迷", "C": "糖尿病合并尿毒症酸中毒", "D": "低血糖昏迷"}, "answer": "糖尿病酮症酸中毒", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某患者因外伤急性失血,血压降低至70/30mmHg,尿量明显减少,其尿量减少的原因主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球毛细血管血压下降", "B": "滤过膜通透性减小", "C": "血浆胶体渗透压升高", "D": "血浆晶体渗透压降低"}, "answer": "肾小球毛细血管血压下降", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3岁患儿,曾多次患肺炎,平时无发绀。体检:心前区隆起,心尖搏动弥散,胸骨左缘第2肋间闻及3/6级粗糙的连续性机器样杂音,向颈部传导,有连续性震颤,有水冲脉。5.如果此患儿心尖部出现舒张中期隆隆样杂音,提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺动脉高压", "B": "肺动脉狭窄", "C": "左向右分流量大", "D": "左向右分流量小"}, "answer": "左向右分流量大", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "骨关节炎疼痛最主要的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不定时痛", "B": "静止痛", "C": "运动痛", "D": "阴雨天痛"}, "answer": "静止痛", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不居于酪氨酸代谢产物的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多胺", "B": "多巴胺", "C": "去甲肾上腺素", "D": "肾上腺素"}, "answer": "多胺", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "新鲜肩关节前脱位常用的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "局麻下闭合复位,不需固定,立即开始肩关节功能锻炼", "B": "局麻下闭合复位,三角巾悬吊固定3周,固定期间活动患手及腕关节", "C": "臂丛阻滞麻醉下闭合复位,石膏外固定3周,固定期间活动患手及腕关节", "D": "全麻下切开复位,修复关节囊,术后立即开始肩关节功能锻炼"}, "answer": "局麻下闭合复位,三角巾悬吊固定3周,固定期间活动患手及腕关节", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.参与胆固醇逆向转运至肝的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CM", "B": "LDL", "C": "HDL", "D": "清蛋白"}, "answer": "HDL", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一正常小儿身高80cm,前囟已闭,头围47cm,乳牙16枚,能用简单的语言表达自己的需要,对人、事有喜乐之分。2.按公式计算此小儿的体重约是(  )。", "options": {"A": "13.5kg", "B": "12kg", "C": "10.5kg", "D": "9kg"}, "answer": "10.5kg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,38岁。低热2个月,左大腿根部肿物10天。查体:左腹股沟处可触及5cm×5cm质软圆形肿物,轻度压痛。B超显示为低回声肿物。腰椎X线片上见腰大肌阴影增宽,L2、L3椎体边缘骨质破坏,L2-3椎间隙狭窄。首先应考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "转移性骨肿瘤", "B": "类风湿关节炎", "C": "骨结核", "D": "骨巨细胞瘤"}, "answer": "骨结核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.病人无根据的认为自己犯下了滔天大罪,对不起国家和人民(  )。", "options": {"A": "被害妄想", "B": "关系妄想", "C": "自罪妄想", "D": "疑病妄想"}, "answer": "自罪妄想", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女孩,7岁,发热伴腹痛半天,抽搐1次,呕吐2次,体重:T 40℃,BP 60/30mmHg,面色苍白,四肢湿冷,呼吸急促,心率快,腹平软,肝区压痛,肠鸣音活跃,脑膜刺激征阴性。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中毒性细菌性痢疾", "B": "麻毒症", "C": "热性惊厥", "D": "急性胃炎"}, "answer": "中毒性细菌性痢疾", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,48岁。咳嗽、咳痰、咯血,杵状指,肺部听诊右肺局限性湿啰音。则最可能的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎", "B": "肺癌", "C": "支气管扩张", "D": "肺脓肿"}, "answer": "支气管扩张", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "治疗单纯性肾病的首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲基泼尼松龙", "B": "泼尼松", "C": "环磷酰胺", "D": "霉酚酸酯"}, "answer": "泼尼松", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,35岁。停经3个月,阴道不规则流血3天,妇科检查子宫如4个月妊娠大小,B超显示宫腔内落雪征。首选考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "双胎妊娠", "B": "妊娠合并子宫肌瘤", "C": "葡萄胎", "D": "羊水过多"}, "answer": "葡萄胎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.结核结节(  )。", "options": {"A": "黏膜上皮腺体增生,形成带蒂的肿物", "B": "干酪样坏死+上皮样细胞+郎汉斯巨细胞的结节病灶", "C": "异物+异物巨细胞的结节病灶", "D": "炎细胞增生形成炎性假瘤"}, "answer": "干酪样坏死+上皮样细胞+郎汉斯巨细胞的结节病灶", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.男性,28岁,右膝内侧逐渐隆起伴隐痛半年。X线片示右胫骨干骺端有一破坏区,边缘呈膨胀性改变,中央有肥皂泡样阴影。诊断首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨巨细胞瘤", "B": "骨肉瘤", "C": "骨转移性癌", "D": "骨囊肿"}, "answer": "骨巨细胞瘤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "丙酸睾酮治疗子宫肌瘤每月总量不应超过(  )。", "options": {"A": "150mg", "B": "200mg", "C": "250mg", "D": "300mg"}, "answer": "300mg", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "哪种微生物具备核膜、核仁结构?(  )", "options": {"A": "钩端螺旋体", "B": "放线菌", "C": "铜绿假单胞菌", "D": "真菌"}, "answer": "真菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性支气管炎早期呼吸功能的最主要变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小气道功能异常", "B": "大、小气道气流阻塞", "C": "限制性通气功能障碍", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "小气道功能异常", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "妊娠诊断试验是根据下列哪项试验的原理设计的(  )。", "options": {"A": "间接凝集试验", "B": "反向间接凝集试验", "C": "间接凝集抑制试验", "D": "直接凝集试验"}, "answer": "间接凝集抑制试验", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在补体经典途径激活过程中,不被裂解的补体组分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "C1", "B": "C2", "C": "C3", "D": "C4"}, "answer": "C1", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,38岁,洗衣时突发右侧肢体活动不灵。查体:意识清,失语,二尖瓣区可闻双期杂音,心律不齐,右侧偏瘫,上肢重于下肢,偏身痛觉减退。首先考虑的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑栓塞", "B": "脑血栓形成", "C": "蛛网膜下腔出血", "D": "短暂脑缺血发作"}, "answer": "脑栓塞", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于Apgar评分,下述哪一项是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "评分8分者,不需要任何特殊处理", "B": "皮肤苍白评5分", "C": "评为7分者应积极抢救", "D": "生后1分钟评定新生儿状态"}, "answer": "评分8分者,不需要任何特殊处理", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项不是大叶性肺炎的并发症?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺肉质变", "B": "硅沉着病", "C": "肺脓肿", "D": "感染性休克"}, "answer": "硅沉着病", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "Murphy征阳性提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌性肝脓肿", "B": "急性胆管炎", "C": "左肝管结石", "D": "急性胆囊炎"}, "answer": "急性胆囊炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女孩,4岁,发热、头痛3天,呕吐2次,喷射状,当天晚上开始抽搐而入院,体温39℃,面色较苍白,白细胞22×109/L,中性粒细胞占0.88。如果该患儿诊断为化脓性脑膜炎,在查体时,最常发现的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "瞳孔不等大,对光反应迟钝", "B": "深昏迷,呼吸不规则", "C": "颈强存在,神经系统检查有异常", "D": "血压明显升高"}, "answer": "颈强存在,神经系统检查有异常", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩,孕36周出生。出生体重2000g,生后1天,吸吮欠佳。睾丸未降,皮肤毳毛多。3.该患儿如出现黄疸,可持续多久消退(  )。", "options": {"A": "7~10天消退", "B": "1~2周消退", "C": "2~3周消退", "D": "3~4周消退"}, "answer": "3~4周消退", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肱骨外科颈骨折是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肱骨大、小结节移行为肱骨干的交界处", "B": "肱骨头周围的环形沟", "C": "肱骨头与肱骨干的交界处", "D": "肱骨上端干骺端处"}, "answer": "肱骨头周围的环形沟", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,41岁,皮下结节病史2年,近3个月内出现癫痫发作两次。体检:躯干、四肢、头皮触及多个直径在0.5~1.0cm大小圆形或椭圆形结节,质韧,无触痛,与周围组织无粘连。2.为进一步了解癫痫病因,应首选下列辅助检查中的(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰椎穿刺脑脊液检查", "B": "头颅X线检查", "C": "颅脑CT或MRI", "D": "自身抗体检测"}, "answer": "颅脑CT或MRI", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "45岁农民,8月初发病,畏寒发热起病,伴头痛,周身痛,皮肤黏膜有少许出血点,4天后出现黄疸并进行性加重。查体:体温38.9℃,结膜充血,巩膜及皮肤黄染轻度,肝肋下0.8cm,脾未触及。血清总胆红素82μmol/L,ALT 300μ/L,尿蛋白(+),每个高倍镜视野下红细胞及白细胞各为10~20个。诊断应考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒性肝炎", "B": "副伤寒病", "C": "出血热", "D": "钩端螺旋体病"}, "answer": "钩端螺旋体病", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医疗保健机构应当提供的母婴保健指导的内容包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "对孕妇提供营养方面的指导", "B": "对碘缺乏病等地方病的发病原因、治疗和预防方法提供医学意见", "C": "对孕妇提供心理方面的指导", "D": "对指定传染病的发病、治疗和预防方法提供医学意见"}, "answer": "对碘缺乏病等地方病的发病原因、治疗和预防方法提供医学意见", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性童尸,尸检见双肺重量增加,充血,密布灰白色粟粒大小结节,微隆起于切面。病理诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹性肺炎", "B": "间质性肺炎", "C": "粟粒性肺结核", "D": "葡萄球菌性肺炎"}, "answer": "粟粒性肺结核", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪两个物质之间不具有反馈关系?(  )", "options": {"A": "胰岛素与葡萄糖", "B": "甲状旁腺素与钙离子", "C": "加压素与渗透压", "D": "甲状腺激素与钾离子"}, "answer": "甲状腺激素与钾离子", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.利于细菌扩散(  )。", "options": {"A": "M蛋白", "B": "脂溶性色素", "C": "透明质酸酶", "D": "血浆凝固酶"}, "answer": "透明质酸酶", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.识别DNA回文结构并对其双链进行切割的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "限制性内切酶", "B": "反转录酶", "C": "DNA连接酶", "D": "DNA聚合酶Ⅰ"}, "answer": "限制性内切酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,一个月前感到疲劳、食欲差、发烧、咳嗽、咳痰带血丝,取咳痰进行抗酸染色,镜下见到红色细长弯曲、分枝的杆菌,该细菌是下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "流感杆菌", "B": "炭疽杆菌", "C": "结核杆菌", "D": "克雷伯肺炎杆菌"}, "answer": "结核杆菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,29岁。排便时肛门剧痛1周。有鲜血滴入便池,排便后肛门疼痛加重。造成便后肛门疼痛加重的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肛门括约肌痉挛", "B": "肛管皮肤全层裂开并形成慢性溃疡", "C": "粪便干燥,排便用力过度", "D": "继发肛窦炎"}, "answer": "肛门括约肌痉挛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小肠上皮细胞对葡萄糖进行逆浓度差吸收时,伴有Na+顺浓度差进入细胞,称为继发性主动转运。所需的能量间接地由何者供应?(  )", "options": {"A": "钙泵", "B": "钠泵", "C": "线粒体", "D": "中心体"}, "answer": "钠泵", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "左心衰竭时发生淤血的器官是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺", "B": "肾", "C": "脑", "D": "脾"}, "answer": "肺", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,50岁。因胸骨后剧痛10小时来院急诊,诊断为急性心肌梗死入院。立即做冠状动脉造影,显示左冠状动脉回旋支中段阻塞。入院15小时突然死亡。3.患者出现猝死应立即(  )。", "options": {"A": "电除颤", "B": "安装起搏器", "C": "肾上腺素静推", "D": "IABP(主动脉内球囊反搏)"}, "answer": "电除颤", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,28岁。近1年来认为自己的五脏六腑都已经腐烂、变空了。患者的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "虚无妄想", "B": "虚构", "C": "感知综合障碍", "D": "错觉"}, "answer": "虚无妄想", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.心理咨询与心理治疗的主要相同点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "工作的对象都是病人", "B": "应用心理学的理论与方法", "C": "两者的差异是非本质性的", "D": "两者的差异是本质性的"}, "answer": "应用心理学的理论与方法", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "儿童支气管哮喘发作最主要的诱因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸道感染", "B": "吸入类过敏", "C": "食物过敏", "D": "气候改变"}, "answer": "呼吸道感染", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "诊断早期糖尿病肾病较有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿常规检查", "B": "尿微量白蛋白测定", "C": "尿渗透压测定", "D": "肌酐清除率"}, "answer": "尿微量白蛋白测定", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者女性,49岁,颈肩痛5年余,出现四肢麻木、无力半年,行走时步态不稳。查体见双手尺侧下列皮肤感觉减退,双下肢肌张力增高,肌力Ⅲ~Ⅳ级。X线片见颈椎骨质明显退行性改变。其诊断可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经根型颈椎病", "B": "脊髓型颈椎病", "C": "交感神经型颈椎病", "D": "椎管内肿瘤"}, "answer": "脊髓型颈椎病", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "病员患胆管癌,术中术者用手指钝性剥离胆总管而撕破静脉急性大出血,慌乱中用钳夹止血,造成静脉完全离断,虽经吻合,病员终因急性肝功能衰竭而死亡。产生的后果属(  )。", "options": {"A": "医疗差错", "B": "医疗意外", "C": "病情重笃而发生的难以避免的死亡", "D": "医疗事故"}, "answer": "医疗事故", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.单纯小细胞性贫血细胞形态的改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "MCV90fl、MCH30pg、MCHC35%", "B": "MCV>94fl、MCH>32pg、MCHC35%", "C": "MCV<80fl、MCH<28pg、MCHC35%", "D": "MCV<80fl、MCH<28pg、MCHC<32%"}, "answer": "MCV<80fl、MCH<28pg、MCHC35%", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "病毒感染引起白细胞升高的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙型脑炎病毒", "B": "败血症", "C": "风湿热", "D": "细菌性痢疾"}, "answer": "乙型脑炎病毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "汽车正在行驶中,一名儿童突然冲向马路对面,司机急刹车,汽车在发出刺耳的刹车声后停住,儿童在车前半米处跑过。这时司机顿感心跳加快,头上冒汗,手足无力,这种情绪状态是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心境", "B": "激情", "C": "应激", "D": "情操"}, "answer": "应激", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "苯丙酮尿症的饮食疗法,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "出生后一经确诊立即开始饮食控制", "B": "最理想的饮食为无苯丙氨酸饮食", "C": "饮食控制至少维持到青春期后", "D": "饮食疗法开始得越早,预后愈好"}, "answer": "最理想的饮食为无苯丙氨酸饮食", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,28岁,3个月前失恋,几天后出现明显的睡眠障碍,心情烦躁,常大发脾气,近1个多月来明显情绪低落,不出门,不愿活动,也不愿吃饭,几次割腕自杀。性格变得孤僻多疑,怀疑周围人都在议论她失恋的事,甚至怀疑父母亲不是生身父母,有时夜间听到楼下有人在议论她的声音。经常反复洗手刷牙,认为失恋原因是自己身体不洁的缘故。近2年来因失眠而间断服用安定类药物。可能性最小的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "抑郁症(抑郁发作)", "C": "延迟性心因性反应", "D": "强迫症"}, "answer": "强迫症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,72岁。双手抖动伴动作缓慢5年。查体:记忆力稍差,手指呈搓丸样静止性震颤,系纽扣、系鞋带等动作困难,写字越写越小,慌张步态。1.该患者的诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "特发性震颤", "B": "进行性核上性麻痹", "C": "帕金森病", "D": "Alzheimer病"}, "answer": "帕金森病", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.当小儿发生严重的贫血时,出现肝、脾淋巴结增大,血中有核红细胞增多被称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓造血", "B": "髓外造血", "C": "肝脾造血", "D": "淋巴结造血"}, "answer": "髓外造血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男孩,1岁半,发热伴咳嗽5天,加重伴呼吸困难1天,曾予青霉素治疗3天,查体:T 39℃,躯干可见散在红色斑丘疹,呼吸急促,可闻及中小水泡音。血常规:WBC 22×109/L,N 0.90,L 0.10,胸部X片示双肺斑片影,肺大疱。3.此时有效的进一步治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使用脱水剂", "B": "使用强心剂", "C": "改用抗真菌药", "D": "胸腔闭式引流"}, "answer": "胸腔闭式引流", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "从伦理学上分析,生物—心理—社会医学模式取代生物医学模式在本质上反映了(  )。", "options": {"A": "医疗技术的进步", "B": "以疾病为中心的医学观念", "C": "医学道德的进步", "D": "重视人的心理健康"}, "answer": "医学道德的进步", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "骨折的全身表现中,下列哪种描述是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "病人可因大量出血、剧烈疼痛或并发内脏损伤而引起休克", "B": "严重骨折病人其血肿吸收时,体温略有升高", "C": "开放性骨折病人体温升高时,应考虑感染", "D": "严重骨折病人其血肿吸收时,其体温通常不超过37℃"}, "answer": "严重骨折病人其血肿吸收时,其体温通常不超过37℃", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "30岁,男性,来自农村,发病4天,主要表现为发热、出血、少尿,如果怀疑肾综合征出血热,首先应做的化验是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿常规", "B": "便常规", "C": "出凝血时间", "D": "血、尿常规"}, "answer": "血、尿常规", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "22岁男性,大学二年级学生。近一年来听课注意力不集中,发呆发愣,时有自语自笑,动作迟缓,吃一顿饭要一个多小时。5天前开始终日卧床,不吃饭,不知上厕所。精神检查:意识清晰,卧床不动不语,针刺其身体无反应。肌张力增高。令病人张嘴,反把嘴闭得更紧,把病人肢体摆成不舒服的姿势,可以保持很久不变,躯体及神经系统检查未见其他异常体征。1.病人不具有的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "情绪低落", "B": "蜡样屈曲", "C": "主动违拗", "D": "木僵"}, "answer": "情绪低落", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,40岁。2天前体检超声提示胆囊内3cm强回声团,后伴声影,胆囊壁厚6mm。平素无不适。糖尿病病史5年,目前血糖控制良好。无腹部手术史。其他检查未见异常。最适合该患者治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹腔镜胆囊切除术", "B": "保守治疗", "C": "ERCP取石", "D": "开腹胆囊切除术"}, "answer": "腹腔镜胆囊切除术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,女,9个月,8kg,发热呕吐腹泻3天,大便蛋花汤样,无腥臭味,尿量明显少。精神萎靡,皮肤弹性差,眼凹陷,唇樱红,四肢凉,诊断为婴儿腹泻,血钠132mmol/L。1.该患儿水电解质紊乱的类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "轻度脱水", "B": "中度脱水", "C": "中度脱水伴酸中毒", "D": "重度脱水伴酸中毒"}, "answer": "中度脱水伴酸中毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "病毒性肝炎出现无症状的病毒携带者是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫功能正常", "B": "免疫反应过强", "C": "免疫功能缺陷", "D": "病毒毒力较弱"}, "answer": "免疫功能缺陷", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,73岁。突发腹痛伴寒战、高热5天,巩膜黄染2天。查体:T 39.1℃,P 104次/min,R 22次/min,BP 100/72mmHg。上腹肌紧张,压痛,反跳痛(+),肝脾未触及,肠鸣音2~3次/min,血WBC 16×109/L,N 0.79,ALT 60U/L,AST 55U/L,TBil 69μmol/L,DBi 61μmol/L,血、尿淀粉酶正常范围。1.为明确诊断,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "MRCP", "B": "腹部B超", "C": "腹部CT", "D": "ERCP"}, "answer": "腹部B超", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿重度蛋白质能量营养不良饮食调整治疗,每日所需能量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "80~100kcal/kg", "B": "60~80kcal/kg", "C": "40~60kcal/kg", "D": "10~20kcal/kg"}, "answer": "40~60kcal/kg", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "婴幼儿出现以下症状可考虑先天性心脏病,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "喂养困难", "B": "持续性青紫", "C": "哭声嘶哑", "D": "嗜睡"}, "answer": "嗜睡", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.观察病人营养摄入是否足够和了解分解代谢的演变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "三头肌皮皱厚度", "B": "上臂中部周长", "C": "肌酐/身高指数", "D": "氮平衡试验"}, "answer": "氮平衡试验", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪种成分最适合需要多次输血而有发热的贫血病人?(  )", "options": {"A": "浓缩红细胞", "B": "冷冻红细胞", "C": "少浆血", "D": "洗涤红细胞"}, "answer": "洗涤红细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于rRNA的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "原核生物核蛋白体大亚基中有5S、18S、23S三种rRNA", "B": "真核生物核蛋白体大亚基中有5S、5.8S、28S三种rRNA", "C": "原核生物核蛋白体小亚基中有18SrRNA", "D": "真核与原核生物的核蛋白体具有完全相同rRNA"}, "answer": "真核生物核蛋白体大亚基中有5S、5.8S、28S三种rRNA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医疗责任事故包括下述情形,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "遇复杂难题不执行上级医师指导,擅自处理造成过失", "B": "擅离职守,贻误诊治时机而造成过失", "C": "上级医师接到下级医师报告后不及时处理造成过失", "D": "由于相应职称的一般水平,能力不足而造成的过失"}, "answer": "由于相应职称的一般水平,能力不足而造成的过失", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "皮下出血面积的直径多大称为紫癜(  )。", "options": {"A": "2~3mm", "B": "3~5mm", "C": ">5mm", "D": "以上均可"}, "answer": "3~5mm", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,男性,9岁。头面部、四肢及会阴部火焰烧伤4h,烧伤总面积占体表面积50%,深Ⅱ度20%,Ⅲ度30%。伤后无尿,烦躁不安,手足湿冷,心率160次/min,呼吸25次/min。3.首选的紧急处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即吸氧", "B": "迅速建立静脉输液通路", "C": "气管切开", "D": "及时使用抗生素"}, "answer": "迅速建立静脉输液通路", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "诊断冠心病的金标准是(  )。", "options": {"A": "冠状动脉造影", "B": "心电图", "C": "超声多普勒", "D": "手术病理"}, "answer": "冠状动脉造影", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,25天,不明原因反复惊厥发作3次。首选的止惊药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "地西泮", "B": "苯巴比妥", "C": "苯妥英钠", "D": "异丙嗪"}, "answer": "地西泮", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "胎儿娩出后15分钟,阴道出血100mL,首要的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "按摩子宫", "B": "肌内注射缩宫素", "C": "牵拉脐带", "D": "快速娩出胎盘"}, "answer": "快速娩出胎盘", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于冠脉循环的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "在心室收缩期血流量少", "B": "在心室舒张期血流量多", "C": "血流量约占心输出量的4%~5%", "D": "心肌缺氧时血流量减少"}, "answer": "心肌缺氧时血流量减少", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,45岁,甲亢病史5年,结束抗甲状腺药物疗程已2年,判断是否复发的最佳指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清FT3、FT4测定", "B": "血清rT3(反T3)测定", "C": "TSAb阳性测定", "D": "甲状腺吸131I率测定"}, "answer": "TSAb阳性测定", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性肺栓塞病症常见的病症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑血栓栓塞症", "B": "肺脂肪栓塞综合症", "C": "肺空气栓塞综合征", "D": "肺瘤栓栓塞综合症"}, "answer": "脑血栓栓塞症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "局灶性肺结核在解剖学上病灶多位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺门部", "B": "肺上叶下部", "C": "肺下叶上部", "D": "肺尖下2~4cm处"}, "answer": "肺尖下2~4cm处", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "血中直接调节胰岛素分泌而且经常起调节作用的重要因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素", "B": "血糖浓度", "C": "游离脂肪酸", "D": "胃肠道激素"}, "answer": "血糖浓度", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "成人生长素过多将引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺瘤", "B": "巨人症", "C": "肢端肥大症", "D": "甲状腺肿"}, "answer": "肢端肥大症", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "新婚夫妇欲婚后1年要孩子,最恰当的避孕方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "安全期避孕法", "B": "放置宫内节育器", "C": "皮下埋植NorplantⅡ", "D": "阴茎套"}, "answer": "阴茎套", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "胆管癌的主要临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "厌食、恶心呕吐", "B": "剧痛", "C": "腹痛、黄疸和寒战高热", "D": "无痛性黄疸"}, "answer": "无痛性黄疸", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "已知碘锐特在流经肾循环后可被完全清除,给某人静脉滴注碘锐特后,肾每分钟可将660ml血浆中碘锐特完全清除,该数值等于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾血流量", "B": "肾血浆流量", "C": "肾小管分泌率", "D": "肾小管重吸收率"}, "answer": "肾血浆流量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一小儿身高85cm,头围48cm,乳牙20枚,能跳,能表达自己的意愿。1.此小儿的年龄最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1岁", "B": "2岁", "C": "3岁", "D": "4岁"}, "answer": "2岁", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,62岁。2型糖尿病病史10年,口服二甲双胍0.5mg Tid,格列美脲4mg Qd,空腹血糖7~9mmol/L,餐后血糖未监测。2周前感冒后自行停药,逐渐出现疲乏无力,口渴,多饮。近3天出现明显乏力,烦躁不安,胡言乱语等症状,1天来食欲不振,恶心,无呕吐,未进食。查体:BP 140/90mmHg,体型偏胖,谵妄状态,心率100次/分,双肺呼吸音粗糙。尿糖(++++),酮体(+),血钠150mmol/L。2.该患者处理的重点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "补充碳酸氢钠", "B": "补充电解质", "C": "静脉输注生理盐水", "D": "静脉输注葡萄糖"}, "answer": "静脉输注生理盐水", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者初次测血压180/110mmg。应建议在什么时间内随访处理?(  )", "options": {"A": "2个月内", "B": "1个月内", "C": "6个月内", "D": "立即处理"}, "answer": "立即处理", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在生产过程中形成的呼吸性粉尘是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "能随呼吸进入人体并沉积于呼吸道的粉尘", "B": "直径小于5μm的粉尘", "C": "分散度较大的粉尘", "D": "直径小于15μm的粉尘"}, "answer": "直径小于5μm的粉尘", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "接种卡介苗后PPD试验有逐年减弱倾向,一般逐渐消失时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1~2年", "B": "2~3年", "C": "3~5年", "D": "10年以上"}, "answer": "3~5年", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.乙型脑炎属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "干酪样坏死", "B": "脂肪坏死", "C": "坏疽", "D": "液化性坏死"}, "answer": "液化性坏死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,4岁,高热2h于8月30日急诊来院。体温高达40℃,惊厥3次,神志不清。应首先进行下列哪项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "血培养", "B": "血涂片查疟原虫", "C": "盐水灌肠取粪便镜检", "D": "脑脊液常规检查"}, "answer": "盐水灌肠取粪便镜检", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.严重烧伤或严重感染患者早期(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服加胃肠外补充电解质", "B": "口服为主", "C": "管饲为主", "D": "胃肠外营养"}, "answer": "胃肠外营养", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪个体征可能在继续检查中发现?(  )", "options": {"A": "双下肢节段性分离性感觉障碍", "B": "自胸10以下深浅感觉消失", "C": "自颈5以下深浅感觉消失", "D": "四肢末梢型感觉障碍"}, "answer": "自颈5以下深浅感觉消失", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.Ⅰ(轻)度营养不良(  )。", "options": {"A": "体重低于正常均值5%~10%", "B": "体重低于正常均值15%~25%", "C": "体重低于正常均值25%~40%", "D": "体重低于正常均值40%~60%"}, "answer": "体重低于正常均值15%~25%", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于枕骨大孔疝的描述正确是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小脑扁桃体及延髓被推挤向椎管", "B": "枕大池消失", "C": "枕骨大孔后缘下陷", "D": "一侧大脑半球的扣带回经镰下疝至对侧"}, "answer": "小脑扁桃体及延髓被推挤向椎管", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列属于特异性感染的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "背部痛", "B": "急性淋巴结炎", "C": "急性乳腺炎", "D": "淋巴结结核"}, "answer": "淋巴结结核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "张力性气胸的胸腔压力为(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管裂口持续存在持续漏气,胸内压力不断升高", "B": "胸内压吸气相为正压,呼气相为负压", "C": "吸气相正压逆转为负压,呼气相负压逆转为正压", "D": "伤侧胸腔负压逆转为正压,健侧胸腔负压减低但仍然为负压"}, "answer": "伤侧胸腔负压逆转为正压,健侧胸腔负压减低但仍然为负压", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,60岁。性交接触性出血4月余,妇科检查:外阴阴道未见异常,宫颈肥大糜烂、质脆,子宫及双附件未见异常。1.首选确诊项目应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫颈细胞学检查", "B": "宫腔镜检查", "C": "HPV检测", "D": "宫颈多点活检"}, "answer": "宫颈多点活检", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.肺部呼吸音粗糙,有不固定干啰音(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管肺炎", "B": "急性支气管炎", "C": "支气管异物", "D": "急性喉炎"}, "answer": "急性支气管炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,36岁。双侧颈部淋巴结肿大伴发热1周。查体:T 38.4℃,颈部和右侧腹股沟区可触及数枚肿大淋巴结,最大3cm×2cm,均活动、无压痛,心肺未见异常,腹平软,肝肋下未触及,脾肋下2cm。实验室检查:Hb 128g/L,WBC 6.6×109/L,PLT 120×109/L。右侧腹部淋巴结活检诊断为霍奇金淋巴瘤。根据Ann Arbor临床分期标准,该患者的临床分期是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ⅢEB", "B": "ⅡB", "C": "ⅢA", "D": "ⅢSB"}, "answer": "ⅢSB", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.股动脉枪击音见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "主动脉缩窄", "C": "法洛四联征", "D": "动脉导管未闭"}, "answer": "动脉导管未闭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "初孕妇,26岁。妊娠38周,阴道流液4小时,无阵发性腹痛。体温36.8℃,腹部无压痛,胎心率140次/分,胎儿大小与实际孕周相符。血WBC 10×109/L。该患者最恰当的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "期待疗法", "B": "观察12小时,如仍未临产行剖宫产", "C": "不予处理,等待自然分娩", "D": "观察12小时,如仍未临产给予引产"}, "answer": "观察12小时,如仍未临产给予引产", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5.诱导lgE产生的主要细胞因子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IL-1", "B": "IL-4", "C": "IL-5", "D": "IL-6"}, "answer": "IL-4", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,25岁。主诉心前区疼痛2小时,向左肩放射,吸气时疼痛加重,坐位时减轻,伴有畏寒、发热,体检:血压105/75mmHg,体温38℃,心率110次/分,规则,心脏无杂音,两肺未见异常,有血吸虫病史。心电图示除aVR与V1外各导联ST段抬高。2.入院第3天,血压90/75mmHg,颈静脉怒张,气急,不能平卧,病情变化应考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "再次肺梗塞", "B": "心肌梗死扩大范围", "C": "心脏压塞", "D": "心脏腱索断裂"}, "answer": "心脏压塞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,40岁。农民。以高热伴食欲明显减退、呕吐2周入院。实验室检查:WBC 3.2×109/L,嗜酸细胞0。为该患者做了肥达试验,下列解释正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "H效价不高、O效价增高提示是非特异性回忆反应", "B": "O效价不高、H效价增高提示伤寒杆菌感染", "C": "H效价不高、O效价增高提示是预防接种的结果", "D": "O和H效价均增高有助于伤寒的诊断"}, "answer": "O和H效价均增高有助于伤寒的诊断", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "血液凝固的内源性途径与外源性途径的主要区别是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有无血小板参与", "B": "有无Ca2+参与", "C": "因子X的激活过程", "D": "纤维蛋白形成过程"}, "answer": "因子X的激活过程", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "14个月男孩发热、腹泻、呕吐3天入院,精神萎靡,呼吸45次/分,略促、深长,中度失水征,腹软气胀,余无异常。血钠127mmol/L,血钾4mmol/L,氯100mmol/L,CO2CP15mmol/L,第一天补液应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "100ml/(kg·d)1:1液,不补钾", "B": "150ml/(kg·d)2:3:1液,见尿后补钾", "C": "150ml/(kg·d)4:3:2液,见尿后补钾", "D": "200ml/(kg·d)4:3:2液,见尿后补钾"}, "answer": "150ml/(kg·d)4:3:2液,见尿后补钾", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,68岁。近2年反复出现发作性心悸,伴头晕、黑曚、查体:BP 135/65mmHg,心率52次/分,律齐,心脏各瓣膜听诊区未闻及杂音。动态心电图:窦性心律为主,平均心率56次/分,R-R长间歇35次,最长4.2秒伴房室交界逸博,房性期前收缩,短阵房性心动过速,一度房室传导阻滞。最能提示该患者为病态窦房结综合征诊断的动态心电图表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一度房室传导阻滞", "B": "R-R长间歇35次,最长4.2秒伴房室交界逸博", "C": "房性期前收缩", "D": "短阵房性心动过速"}, "answer": "R-R长间歇35次,最长4.2秒伴房室交界逸博", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列不符合小叶性肺炎的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多由致病力弱的肺炎球菌引起", "B": "好发于老人、儿童、久病卧床者", "C": "以细支气管为中心的纤维素性炎症", "D": "常作为其他疾病的并发症出现"}, "answer": "以细支气管为中心的纤维素性炎症", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者32岁,12月末发病,头痛、发热、恶心、呕吐,腰痛4天,查体:面色潮红,结膜充血,腋下可见点状出血,化验:白细胞15×109/L,中性粒72%,淋巴细胞20%,异淋8%,尿蛋白(+++),已确诊为肾综合征出血热。2.下列诸项中哪项是肾综合征出血热特征性改变?(  )", "options": {"A": "热退后症状加重", "B": "血尿的情况", "C": "贫血程度", "D": "颅内压力"}, "answer": "热退后症状加重", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "10个月婴儿,3个月前因发热、惊厥诊断为化脓性脑膜炎,经抗生素治疗1周热退,即停药,现头围47cm,前囟隆起,颅缝裂开,前额突出,两眼球向下呈落日征。1.应考虑的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "硬膜下积液", "B": "慢性脑膜炎", "C": "脑积水", "D": "脑室管膜炎"}, "answer": "脑积水", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "初产妇,妊娠40周,产力正常,胎心140次/分,头位,双顶径10cm,先露浮,宫口2cm,对角径11cm。正确的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄糖静脉滴注", "B": "继续观察产程进展", "C": "稀释缩宫素静脉滴注", "D": "剖宫产"}, "answer": "剖宫产", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "具有四级结构的蛋白质的特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "由两条或两条以上的多肽链组成", "B": "每条多肽链都具有独立的生物学活性", "C": "依赖肽键维系四级结构的稳定性", "D": "亚基之间以共价键相连接"}, "answer": "由两条或两条以上的多肽链组成", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "结肠癌患者中血清CEA水平高于正常的约占(  )。", "options": {"A": "30%", "B": "40%", "C": "60%", "D": "70%"}, "answer": "60%", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "生后15天的男婴突然高热、哭闹、拒食、昏睡,腰骶部皮肤红肿出现水疱,触之皮下空虚,有皮肤漂浮感,其原因可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性蜂窝织炎", "B": "丹毒", "C": "新生儿皮下坏疽", "D": "气性坏疽"}, "answer": "新生儿皮下坏疽", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下面哪种情况,应禁用β受体阻断药?(  )", "options": {"A": "心绞痛", "B": "A-V传导阻滞", "C": "快速型心律失常", "D": "甲状腺功能亢进"}, "answer": "A-V传导阻滞", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,59岁。2型糖尿病病史7年,口服格列本脲15mg/d和二甲双胍2.0g/d治疗。8个月前眼底检查可见微血管瘤、出血和硬性渗出。近1个月来视力明显减退,眼底检查可见视网膜新生血管形成和玻璃体积血。BP 160/100mmHg,BMI 28.4㎏/㎡,空腹血糖7.1mmol/L,餐后2小时血糖14.6mmol/L,糖化血红蛋白7.6%。2.对该患者糖尿病的治疗应调整为(  )。", "options": {"A": "格列本脲加量", "B": "改用胰岛素", "C": "加用噻唑烷二酮类药", "D": "加用α葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂"}, "answer": "改用胰岛素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.43岁,继发性痛经6年,子宫约妊娠12周大小。B超检查:子宫肌层可见大小不等的结节。治疗方法应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "保留生育功能手术", "B": "根治性手术", "C": "饮食治疗", "D": "无需处理"}, "answer": "根治性手术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是Ⅰ型超敏反应中能抑制靶细胞脱颗粒的介质?(  )", "options": {"A": "cAMP↑,cGMP↓", "B": "cAMP↓,cGMP↑", "C": "cAMP↓,cGMP↑", "D": "SRS-A增多"}, "answer": "cAMP↑,cGMP↓", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2个月小儿,腹泻2天,大便1日10余次,蛋花汤样,呕吐、尿少,精神萎靡,拒奶、面色苍白、前囟明显凹陷,大便镜检每高倍视野2~3个白细胞,应考虑小儿腹泻伴有(  )。", "options": {"A": "酸中毒", "B": "休克", "C": "食物中毒", "D": "败血症"}, "answer": "酸中毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.引发猩红热的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄球菌", "B": "链球菌", "C": "脑膜炎奈瑟菌", "D": "淋病奈瑟菌"}, "answer": "链球菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.日本血吸虫之尾蚴可引起何种病变(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮炎", "B": "嗜酸性脓肿和假结核结节", "C": "肠系膜静脉及门静脉炎", "D": "肺炎"}, "answer": "皮炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项不是细菌细胞壁的功能?(  )", "options": {"A": "维持细菌形态", "B": "保护细菌抵抗低渗环境", "C": "抵抗吞噬细胞的吞噬作用", "D": "参与细胞内外的物质交换"}, "answer": "抵抗吞噬细胞的吞噬作用", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,58岁。活动后呼吸困难半年。心率85次/分,P2>A2,胸部X线片示右下肺动脉直径1.8cm,双下肺纹理增粗、紊乱。为明确诊断,应首先进行的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺功能", "B": "胸部高分辨CT", "C": "超声心动图", "D": "支气管镜"}, "answer": "超声心动图", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于糖皮质激素分泌调节,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "受下丘脑促进和抑制的双重调节", "B": "经常受腺体ACTH的调节", "C": "负反馈主要作用于下丘脑", "D": "应激反应时分泌减少"}, "answer": "经常受腺体ACTH的调节", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪种细胞形成低带免疫耐受?(  )", "options": {"A": "单核细胞", "B": "T细胞", "C": "B细胞", "D": "T、B细胞"}, "answer": "T细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "低渗性脱水重度缺钠出现周围循环衰竭,应立即(  )。", "options": {"A": "输5%高渗盐水200~300ml", "B": "按血清钠下降值×体重×0.6计算,快速输生理盐水", "C": "快速输入胶体液及晶体液,以补充血容量", "D": "输高渗葡萄糖及升压药物使血压上升"}, "answer": "快速输入胶体液及晶体液,以补充血容量", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,60岁。肺癌根治术后1天,胸腔闭式引流1.5小时,引出血性液体500ml。查体:P 120次/分,BP 100/75mmHg。此时最重要的处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "继续观察", "B": "开胸止血", "C": "快速补液", "D": "静脉滴注多巴胺"}, "answer": "开胸止血", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,20岁,8月5日来诊,进食海鲜3小时后出现腹泻,呕吐伴轻微腹痛,大便为稀水样,共大便20次,查体:烦躁不安,脱水貌,双侧腓肠肌痉挛,粪常规可见少量白细胞,未见红细胞。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "霍乱", "B": "细菌性痢疾", "C": "急性胃肠炎", "D": "胃肠型感冒"}, "answer": "霍乱", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列关于腹膜解剖生理的描述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "受交感神经和迷走神经支配", "B": "是双向性半透膜", "C": "由间皮细胞构成", "D": "腹膜腔是人体最大的体腔"}, "answer": "受交感神经和迷走神经支配", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,58岁。上腹不适、纳差3年。体重减轻、乏力半年。查体:贫血貌,上腹部轻压痛。Hb 88g/L,MCV 115fl。胃镜检查示胃体皱襞稀疏,黏膜血管透见。1.应首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Menetrier病", "B": "慢性萎缩性胃炎", "C": "胃癌", "D": "慢性淋巴细胞性胃炎"}, "answer": "慢性萎缩性胃炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.可用于肿瘤过继免疫治疗的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡介苗", "B": "IL-2和LAK细胞", "C": "5-氟尿嘧啶", "D": "单克隆抗体结合的蓖麻毒素"}, "answer": "IL-2和LAK细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于抗精神病药的临床应用哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "可用于躁狂—抑郁症的躁狂相", "B": "氯丙嗪对放射治疗引起的呕吐有效", "C": "利用其对内分泌影响试用于侏儒症", "D": "氯丙嗪作为“冬眠合剂”成分用于严重感染"}, "answer": "利用其对内分泌影响试用于侏儒症", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "发生在肝生物转化第二阶段的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄糖醛酸结合反应", "B": "氧化反应", "C": "水解反应", "D": "酯化反应"}, "answer": "葡萄糖醛酸结合反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医学心理学的研究任务是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心理行为的生物学和社会学基础及其对健康与疾病的意义", "B": "人们在各类疾病发生、发展及转化过程中心理行为的变化及其影响", "C": "通过心理行为调整及干预,达到预防疾病、治疗疾病和促进疾病康复的作用与机制", "D": "以上都正确"}, "answer": "以上都正确", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对待患者知情同意权的做法中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对某些特殊急诊抢救视为例外", "B": "婴幼儿可以由监护人决定", "C": "无家属承诺,即使患者本人知情同意也不能给予手术治疗", "D": "做到完全知情"}, "answer": "无家属承诺,即使患者本人知情同意也不能给予手术治疗", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "40岁经产妇,近2年痛经并逐渐加重,伴经量增多及经期延长,届时需服强镇痛药。妇科检查:子宫均匀增大如孕8周,质硬,有压痛,经期压痛明显。2.痛经逐渐加重的原因最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫腺肌病", "B": "子宫内膜结核", "C": "子宫内膜癌", "D": "子宫黏膜下肌瘤"}, "answer": "子宫腺肌病", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.只有一种核酸类型的微生物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "衣原体", "B": "病毒", "C": "支原体", "D": "螺旋体"}, "answer": "病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初孕妇,26岁,妊娠38周,自觉胎动减少10小时入院。应立即采取的措施不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即终止妊娠", "B": "间歇吸氧", "C": "左侧卧位", "D": "胎儿电子监护"}, "answer": "立即终止妊娠", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "确定癌的主要依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "恶性肿瘤细胞弥散分布", "B": "老年人发病", "C": "转移多见", "D": "恶性肿瘤细胞形成巢片状结构"}, "answer": "恶性肿瘤细胞形成巢片状结构", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.有机磷农药中毒应该选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "地尔硫", "B": "洋地黄", "C": "阿托品", "D": "利多卡因"}, "answer": "阿托品", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于外毒素的叙述,哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "毒性作用有选择性", "B": "受甲醛作用变成类毒素", "C": "毒性部分是类脂A", "D": "不耐热"}, "answer": "毒性部分是类脂A", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "病因不明的急性腹膜炎行剖腹探查时,手术切口一般多选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "右肋缘下", "B": "左肋缘下", "C": "正中", "D": "右旁正中"}, "answer": "右旁正中", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.脓肿(  )。", "options": {"A": "以血浆渗出为主的炎症", "B": "以纤维蛋白渗出为主的炎症", "C": "以局限性化脓为主的炎症", "D": "以中性粒细胞浸润为主的炎症"}, "answer": "以局限性化脓为主的炎症", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.颅中窝骨折(  )。", "options": {"A": "鼻流血", "B": "乳突下瘀血斑出现Battle征", "C": "脑脊液耳漏", "D": "颞部头皮肿胀瘀血"}, "answer": "脑脊液耳漏", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "9岁男孩,发热3周,膝关节痛1周就诊。查体:T38.2℃,P108次/分,咽无充血,心尖部可闻Ⅲ级收缩期吹风样杂音及舒张期隆隆样杂音,肺腹(-),双膝关节红肿,活动受限。5.此患儿关节的病变,不可能出现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "关节炎完全治愈", "B": "遗留畸形", "C": "对阿司匹林治疗有奇效", "D": "可呈游走性"}, "answer": "遗留畸形", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于葡萄糖重吸收的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "只有近球小管可重吸收糖", "B": "是主动转运过程", "C": "重吸收有一定限度", "D": "肾糖阈的正常值是5.6~6.7mmol/L(100~120mg/100mL)"}, "answer": "肾糖阈的正常值是5.6~6.7mmol/L(100~120mg/100mL)", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4岁男孩,身材矮小,躯干较长,眼距增宽,反应迟钝,腕骨拍片显示骨龄落后可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺功能低下", "B": "苯丙酮尿症", "C": "生长激素缺乏", "D": "儿童糖尿病"}, "answer": "甲状腺功能低下", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列支持ITP诊断的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝脾肿大", "B": "骨髓中产板型巨核细胞增多", "C": "PAIg阴性", "D": "脾切除治疗有效"}, "answer": "骨髓中产板型巨核细胞增多", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,47岁。胃癌术后2年,下腹不适3个月。妇科检查:子宫正常大小,双侧附件区各触及一个手拳头大小的椭圆形包块,移动性浊音(-)。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卵巢卵黄囊瘤", "B": "卵巢纤维瘤", "C": "卵巢库肯勃瘤", "D": "卵巢畸胎瘤"}, "answer": "卵巢库肯勃瘤", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "L型细菌的主要特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "形成光滑中等大小菌落", "B": "细胞壁缺陷", "C": "染色不易着色", "D": "无致病性"}, "answer": "细胞壁缺陷", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,女,5岁,近2周发热,伴肘膝大关节不规则肿痛;查体发现心音低钝,心率176次/分,肝于右肋下可触及3cm;实验室检查发现抗“O”>500U,血沉65mm/h。诊断为风湿热,并伴有心功能不全。治疗需给洋地黄制剂,剂量应如何掌握(  )。", "options": {"A": "给1/2~1/4", "B": "给一般剂量", "C": "给1/3~1/2", "D": "给足剂量"}, "answer": "给1/3~1/2", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "第三代喹诺酮类药物的抗菌机制是其抑制了细菌的(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋白质合成", "B": "DNA螺旋酶", "C": "二氢叶酸还原酶", "D": "二氢叶酸合成酶"}, "answer": "DNA螺旋酶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "容易引起子宫内膜增生的卵巢肿瘤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤维瘤", "B": "颗粒细胞瘤", "C": "卵巢转移肿瘤", "D": "畸胎瘤"}, "answer": "颗粒细胞瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胃大部切除术后出现贫血主要是由于减少了哪种细胞?(  )", "options": {"A": "壁细胞", "B": "黏液细胞", "C": "G细胞", "D": "D细胞"}, "answer": "壁细胞", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "天然血型抗体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgA", "B": "IgM", "C": "IgE", "D": "IgD"}, "answer": "IgM", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.上述各项可引起肺纤维化的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "普鲁卡因胺", "B": "利多卡因", "C": "胺碘酮", "D": "维拉帕米"}, "answer": "胺碘酮", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "体内dTMP合成的直接前体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "dUMP", "B": "UMP", "C": "UDP", "D": "dCMP"}, "answer": "dUMP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,28岁。G1P1,因接触性出血来院就诊,患者行阴道镜下活检为CIN Ⅲ。正确的处理方式为(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫颈锥切术", "B": "改良根治性子宫切除术", "C": "放疗", "D": "手术加放疗"}, "answer": "宫颈锥切术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肾血流量与全身血液循环相配合主要靠下述哪一项来调节?(  )", "options": {"A": "负反馈调节", "B": "神经体液调节", "C": "自身调节", "D": "前馈调节"}, "answer": "神经体液调节", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.中毒性脑病的脑膏液改变(  )。", "options": {"A": "白细胞数5×106/L,淋巴细胞为主,蛋白0.3g/L,糖3.5mmol/L", "B": "白细胞数50×106/L,淋巴细胞为主,蛋白0.8g/L,糖1.5mmol/L", "C": "白细胞数50×106/L,淋巴细胞为主,蛋白0.8g/L,糖3.5mmol/L", "D": "白细胞数5×106/L,淋巴细胞为主,蛋白0.3g/L,糖2.5mmol/L"}, "answer": "白细胞数5×106/L,淋巴细胞为主,蛋白0.3g/L,糖3.5mmol/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于DNA聚合酶的叙述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "需模板DNA", "B": "需引物RNA", "C": "延伸方向为5′→3′", "D": "以NTP为原料"}, "answer": "以NTP为原料", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "脑水肿的首选治疗药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甘露醇", "B": "氯噻嗪", "C": "呋塞米", "D": "氢氯噻嗪"}, "answer": "甘露醇", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "免疫球蛋白的基本结构为(  )。", "options": {"A": "由四条相同的轻链组成", "B": "由四条相同的重链组成", "C": "由二硫键相连的四条肽链组成", "D": "由二硫键相连的二条肽链组成"}, "answer": "由二硫键相连的四条肽链组成", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "5.药物过敏性血小板减少症紫癜(  )。", "options": {"A": "属Ⅰ型超敏反应性疾病", "B": "属Ⅱ型超敏反应性疾病", "C": "属Ⅳ型超敏反应性疾病", "D": "不属于超敏反应性疾病"}, "answer": "属Ⅱ型超敏反应性疾病", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗吸入性肺脓肿首选的抗生素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氨基糖苷类", "B": "三代头孢菌素", "C": "青霉素", "D": "氯霉素"}, "answer": "青霉素", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "纵隔畸胎瘤的好发部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "前上纵隔", "B": "前纵隔", "C": "后纵隔", "D": "中纵隔"}, "answer": "前纵隔", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "绝经期妇女阴道流血首先应排除的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "无排卵性功血", "B": "血液系统疾病", "C": "生殖器官肿瘤", "D": "内科合并症"}, "answer": "生殖器官肿瘤", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "醛固酮的主要作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "保Na+保K+", "B": "保Na+排K+", "C": "保Na+排H+", "D": "保K+排H+"}, "answer": "保Na+排K+", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "当细胞外Ca+浓度降低时主要引起心肌发生变化的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "收缩降低", "B": "舒张增快", "C": "收缩增强", "D": "传导增快"}, "answer": "收缩降低", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "足月儿生后第1小时内呼吸频率是(  )。", "options": {"A": "20~30/min", "B": "40~50/min", "C": "60~80/min", "D": "100~110/min"}, "answer": "60~80/min", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,31岁。双侧臀区交替性疼痛9年余,间断腰痛6年,疼痛主要发生在夜间,伴有晨僵。近3周症状加重,有夜间痛醒现象。查体:腰部活动受限,右侧“4”字试验阳性。实验室检查:血沉24mm/h,HLA-B27(+)。2.最恰当的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨科牵引", "B": "口服甲氨蝶呤", "C": "休息理疗", "D": "口服非甾体抗炎药"}, "answer": "口服非甾体抗炎药", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,56岁。右腹股沟包块5年,伴胀痛,平卧位包块不能完全回纳,同时有便秘、“消化不良”。包块部位听诊可闻及肠鸣音,手术治疗时,应特别注意不要误伤(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹壁下动脉", "B": "盲肠或乙状结肠", "C": "精索内静脉", "D": "髂腹下神经和髂腹股沟神经"}, "answer": "盲肠或乙状结肠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "阿托品滴眼可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "扩瞳、升高眼内压、调节麻痹", "B": "扩瞳、降低眼内压、调节麻痹", "C": "缩瞳、降低眼内压、调节麻痹", "D": "缩瞳、降低眼内压、调节痉挛"}, "answer": "扩瞳、升高眼内压、调节麻痹", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "可以激活蛋白激酶A的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IP3", "B": "cAMP", "C": "cGMP", "D": "PIP3"}, "answer": "cAMP", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,36岁,右股骨上端疼痛20天。查体:右股骨上端肿胀、压痛,右髋关节活动受限。X线片:右股骨颈及转子下溶骨性骨破坏。3年前患乳癌,施乳癌根治术,局部无复发。3.最重要的辅助检查项目是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部X线检查", "B": "血生化检查", "C": "局部MRI检查", "D": "局部CT检查"}, "answer": "胸部X线检查", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于不伤害原则,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "此原则是绝对的,最基本的", "B": "临床中存在的很多对病人造成伤害的情况,有些是可以避免的", "C": "对病人的不伤害,只是指生理上的不伤害", "D": "对病人的不伤害,是指对病人心理的不伤害"}, "answer": "临床中存在的很多对病人造成伤害的情况,有些是可以避免的", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于医学心理学的表述不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是医学的分支学科", "B": "以维护和促进人类整体健康为目的", "C": "以人作为主要研究和服务对象", "D": "研究医学领域中的心理学问题"}, "answer": "是医学的分支学科", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是对原发性慢性肾上腺皮质功能减退症的诊断最有意义的血检结果?(  )", "options": {"A": "醛固酮↓", "B": "血钠↓", "C": "氢化可的松↓", "D": "ACTH↓"}, "answer": "氢化可的松↓", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者女性,46岁,反复右上腹胀痛多年,曾查腹部B超提示胆囊多发结石。近1年无明显发作。1.对于该患者,以下处理不妥当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "忌油腻食物", "B": "若再次频繁发作,建议腹腔镜下胆囊切除术", "C": "预防性服用抗生素", "D": "定期复查腹部B超和肝功能"}, "answer": "预防性服用抗生素", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,56岁。下腹不适、腹胀半年,发现腹部包块1个月。3年前行胃癌根治术,病理为胃窦部腺癌。妇科检查:外阴、阴道正常,宫颈光滑、萎缩,子宫正常大小,双侧附件区各触及一个约8cm×6cm×5cm大小的椭圆形包块,移动性浊音(-)。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "库肯勃瘤", "B": "卵巢上皮性癌", "C": "卵巢无性细胞瘤", "D": "卵巢畸胎瘤"}, "answer": "库肯勃瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,35岁,发现右乳外上象限无痛性肿块1个月,体检:双乳皮肤无发红、水肿、凹陷,肿块约3cm×3cm,质地较硬,与周围组织无明显界限,可移动,腋窝淋巴结无肿大。1.诊断首先需考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺囊性增生病", "B": "乳腺癌", "C": "乳腺囊肿", "D": "急性乳腺炎"}, "answer": "乳腺癌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.蛛网膜下腔出血的病因诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线颅片", "B": "脑血管造影", "C": "CT", "D": "MRI"}, "answer": "脑血管造影", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1岁小儿的动作能,不可能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "会爬", "B": "会自己坐起来", "C": "会骑三轮车", "D": "会弯腰拾东西"}, "answer": "会骑三轮车", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "尿渗透压降低常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "中枢性尿崩症", "B": "甲状分腺功能亢进症", "C": "糖尿病", "D": "原发性醛固酮增多症"}, "answer": "中枢性尿崩症", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "亚急性感染性心内膜炎患者,若血培养为草绿色链球菌,首选的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氨苄西林加庆大霉素", "B": "青霉素加链霉素", "C": "万古霉素", "D": "红霉素"}, "answer": "青霉素加链霉素", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "深Ⅱ度烧伤创面处理措施中,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1:2000氯己定清洗创面,去除异物", "B": "去除水疱皮", "C": "油质纱布包扎创面", "D": "创面使用抗生素预防全身感染"}, "answer": "创面使用抗生素预防全身感染", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,54岁,风心病伴左心衰竭患者,应用洋地黄3周后出现频发多源性室性早搏。1.患者心律失常发生原因应首先考虑是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "心力衰竭", "B": "并发急性心肌梗死", "C": "洋地黄过量或中毒", "D": "电解质紊乱"}, "answer": "洋地黄过量或中毒", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,72岁。排便时突然跌倒,呼之不应。诊断为心脏骤停。有陈旧性心肌梗死和糖尿病病史。1.该患者心脏骤停最可能的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高钾血症", "B": "心包填塞", "C": "肺栓塞", "D": "冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病"}, "answer": "冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "大叶性肺炎患者出现明显发绀等缺氧症状时,其病变基础是(  )。", "options": {"A": "合并肺肉质变", "B": "红色肝样变期", "C": "灰色肝样变期", "D": "溶解消散期"}, "answer": "红色肝样变期", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,38岁。突发呼吸困难伴短暂意识丧失,无咳嗽、咳痰及咳血,既往体健。查体:BP 85/65mmHg,呼吸急促,口唇发绀,双肺可闻及少量哮鸣音,心率110次/分,P2亢进。心电图示窦性心动过速,对明确诊断意义最大的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CT肺动脉造影", "B": "动脉血气分析", "C": "血心肌坏死标记物", "D": "血D-二聚体"}, "answer": "CT肺动脉造影", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.Dane颗粒是哪一种病毒的完整颗粒?(  )", "options": {"A": "HBV", "B": "HCV", "C": "HDV", "D": "HEV"}, "answer": "HBV", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.卡介苗初种(  )。", "options": {"A": "初生至生后2个月", "B": "生后2~6个月", "C": "1~3岁", "D": "3~7岁"}, "answer": "初生至生后2个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "确诊肺结核的主要依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "痰中找到结核分枝杆菌", "B": "纤支镜检查", "C": "结核菌素试验", "D": "CT"}, "answer": "痰中找到结核分枝杆菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.具有吞噬和抗原呈递作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Mφ", "B": "T", "C": "B", "D": "NK"}, "answer": "Mφ", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者右面神经周围性瘫,双眼不能向右侧凝视,左侧偏瘫,左侧Babinski征阳性,病变在(  )。", "options": {"A": "右侧内囊", "B": "右侧内囊", "C": "右侧脑桥", "D": "内囊病变延及桥脑"}, "answer": "右侧脑桥", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,11岁,在一次考试中突然将手中钢笔掉在地上,两眼向前瞪视,呼之不应,持续数秒钟。过后对上述情况全无记忆,以后反复有类似发作,有时一日发作几次,可诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "失神发作", "B": "局限性癫痫", "C": "精神运动性发作", "D": "肌阵挛发作"}, "answer": "失神发作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "病原体侵袭人体后,不出现或仅出现不明显的临床表现,但通过免疫学检查可发现对入侵病原体产生了特异性免疫反应,应称(  )。", "options": {"A": "潜在性感染", "B": "健康携带者", "C": "隐性感染", "D": "显性感染"}, "answer": "隐性感染", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "成人重度肥胖是指体重至少超过标准体重的(  )。", "options": {"A": "30%", "B": "50%", "C": "10%", "D": "20%"}, "answer": "50%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者男,29岁,右胫、腓骨闭合骨折后行手法复位石膏外固定24小时后,出现患肢持续性剧烈疼痛,进行性加重。1.此时首先采取的措施应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "予以确切有效的止痛药物", "B": "立即解除石膏外固定", "C": "抬高患肢以减轻疼痛", "D": "局部硫酸镁湿敷"}, "answer": "立即解除石膏外固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性患者,20岁,半年前曾患右股骨急性化脓性骨髓炎,经治疗后好转,但局部有窦道形成,常有少许稀黄色脓汁流出,近四日窦道口闭合,但出现高热,局部压痛明显,并有红肿,X线片示有死骨存留,而且包壳形成充分,其治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "窦道切除,一期缝合", "B": "死骨摘除,肌辦填塞术", "C": "死骨摘除,植骨术", "D": "切开引流术"}, "answer": "切开引流术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.感到自己的思想和行为被一种仪器所控制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "影响妄想", "B": "强制性思维", "C": "痴呆", "D": "关系妄想"}, "answer": "影响妄想", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "能在无生命培养基上生长繁殖的最小的原核细胞型微生物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌", "B": "衣原体", "C": "支原体", "D": "病毒"}, "answer": "支原体", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "初产妇,足月,分娩过程中予以胎头吸引器加会阴侧切助产,胎盘胎膜完整。产后4小时阴道流血约500mL。查体:血压90/60mmHg,脉搏100次/分,宫底脐上三横指,轮廓清,阴道口少量活动性流血,可凝固。2.首选处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静滴缩宫素", "B": "导尿", "C": "刮宫", "D": "按摩子宫"}, "answer": "导尿", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "35岁女性,手术后两个月出现腹胀、乏力,ALT200U/L,手术时输血800ml,化验甲肝抗体(-),HBsAg(-),抗HBc(+),抗HBs(+),抗HCV(+),诊断应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲型肝炎", "B": "术后引起中毒性肝炎", "C": "输血后肝炎", "D": "急性丙型肝炎,输血所致"}, "answer": "急性丙型肝炎,输血所致", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "氨苯蝶啶的副作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "产生高血糖反应", "B": "产生高血钾症", "C": "产生低氯碱血症", "D": "具有抗醛固酮作用"}, "answer": "产生高血钾症", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "静脉血经异常通道进入人体循环动脉血中所致发绀常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "右心衰竭", "B": "严重休克", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "阻塞性肺气肿"}, "answer": "法洛四联症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,32岁。胸骨左缘第3、4肋间可闻及舒张期叹气样杂音向心尖部传导。该患者典型临床表现还应该包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "脉压增大", "B": "肝颈静脉回流征阳性", "C": "夜间阵发性呼吸困难", "D": "心尖搏动呈抬举性"}, "answer": "脉压增大", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "以下肿瘤中,哪种是恶性肿瘤?(  )", "options": {"A": "纤维瘤", "B": "横纹肌肉瘤", "C": "乳头状瘤", "D": "腺瘤"}, "answer": "横纹肌肉瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "提示原发型肺结核病变恶化的病理转归是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核性胸膜炎", "B": "原发病灶扩大,产生空洞", "C": "支气管淋巴结周围炎", "D": "急性粟粒性肺结核"}, "answer": "急性粟粒性肺结核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.伤寒的病理特点(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠黏膜弥漫性纤维蛋白渗出性炎症", "B": "全身单核一巨噬细胞系统的增生性反应", "C": "肠壁大量肉芽组织形成,纤维组织显著增生", "D": "正常肠黏膜上较多孤立的小脓肿,进而形成口小底大的烧瓶样溃疡"}, "answer": "全身单核一巨噬细胞系统的增生性反应", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,35岁,血常规检查发现三系细胞减少1月余,发热3天。检查:T 38.5℃,肝脾肋下未触及。骨髓细胞学检查:增生极度低下,可见较多脂肪滴。首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋巴瘤", "B": "骨髓增生异常综合征", "C": "急性白血病", "D": "再生障碍性贫血"}, "answer": "再生障碍性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,35岁,因慢性咳嗽2个月,发热、气促1周入院。体检:体温38.9℃,颈部、腋下及腹股沟处触及多个直径lcm的淋巴结,无压痛,与周围组织无粘连,肺部偶可闻及少量湿啰音。胸片呈间质性肺炎改变。人院后先后采用青霉素、红霉素、卡那霉素、环丙沙星等抗感染治疗20天,患者症状反而加重,出现缺氧、发绀。追问患者,3年前曾去非洲工作,1年前回国。3.为了解病情分级,需进行的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部x线检查", "B": "痰培养", "C": "纤维结肠镜检查", "D": "CD4+淋巴细胞计数及CD4/CD8比值测定"}, "answer": "CD4+淋巴细胞计数及CD4/CD8比值测定", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,42岁。劳累后心悸、气促、下肢水肿7个月。查体:心界向两侧扩大,心尖区闻及2/6级收缩期杂音,两肺底有小水泡音。超声心动图示左心腔增大,心电图提示完全性左束支阻滞。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "心包炎", "B": "扩张型心肌病", "C": "急性病毒性心肌炎", "D": "肺部感染"}, "answer": "扩张型心肌病", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.抑制胃液分泌的因素(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙酰胆碱与组胺", "B": "盐酸与脂肪", "C": "抑胃肽与胆囊收缩素", "D": "促胰液素与胆囊收缩素"}, "answer": "盐酸与脂肪", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.医疗法律关系的内容(  )。", "options": {"A": "医生、患者各自的权利与义务", "B": "医务人员受患者的委托或其他原因,对患者实施诊断、治疗等医疗行为所形成的关系", "C": "医患之间就医疗某环节产生认识上的分歧,且患方提出损害赔偿", "D": "医务人员疏忽大意违反卫生法律相关规定,给患者造成明显人身伤害"}, "answer": "医生、患者各自的权利与义务", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "24岁男性,农民,因畏寒发热起病,伴全身肌肉酸痛,头痛4天于8月10日入院。入院1天发现皮肤黄染,尿量减少,尿色深黄,查体:结膜充血,巩膜及皮肤中度黄染,皮肤有出血点,浅表淋巴结肿大,肝肋下1cm,压痛(+),脾(-),实验室检查WBC 15.4×109/L,N 80%,L 20%,尿检:尿蛋白(+),颗粒管型,WBC 8~15/HP,RBC 20~30/HP,BUN 24mmol/L,凝集溶解试验阳性。2.哪项检查最有诊断意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "血常规", "B": "X线", "C": "凝集溶解试验", "D": "肾功"}, "answer": "凝集溶解试验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "任何单位或者个人开展诊疗活动,必须依法取得(  )。", "options": {"A": "《设置医疗机构批准书》", "B": "《设置医疗机构备案回执》", "C": "《医疗机构执业许可证》", "D": "《医疗机构申请变更登记注册书》"}, "answer": "《医疗机构执业许可证》", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.蛋白水解酶直接使(  )。", "options": {"A": "二硫键破坏", "B": "一级结构破坏", "C": "二级结构破坏", "D": "四级结构破坏"}, "answer": "一级结构破坏", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于急性阑尾炎临床表现描述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝下区阑尾炎可刺激泌尿系统引起血尿", "B": "坏疽性阑尾炎呈持续性腹痛", "C": "阑尾穿孔后腹痛可暂时减轻,体温下降", "D": "出现轻度黄疸表明同时合并胆管结石"}, "answer": "坏疽性阑尾炎呈持续性腹痛", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于人免疫缺陷病毒的特点,哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "引起人类艾滋病", "B": "可通过性行为传播", "C": "不能经胎盘传播", "D": "可通过输血传播"}, "answer": "不能经胎盘传播", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "糖尿病眼底病变中,出现哪种情况最易引起失明?(  )", "options": {"A": "新生血管破裂", "B": "微血管瘤", "C": "软性渗出物", "D": "视网膜出血"}, "answer": "新生血管破裂", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "预测血清中某种Ag的含量,并在较短时间内取得结果,所选择的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "双向免疫扩散", "B": "对流免疫电泳", "C": "火箭电泳", "D": "免疫电泳"}, "answer": "火箭电泳", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "右心衰竭的病人常因组织液生成过多而致下肢水肿,其主要是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "血浆胶体渗透压降低", "B": "毛细血管血压增高", "C": "组织液静水压降低", "D": "组织液胶体渗透压升高"}, "answer": "毛细血管血压增高", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.会爬会自己坐起来,会拍手的月龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "4个月", "B": "6个月", "C": "7个月", "D": "8个月"}, "answer": "8个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "舌咽迷走神经麻痹的临床表现不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "吞咽困难,饮水呛咳", "B": "患侧软腭活动受限", "C": "患侧咽反射消失", "D": "舌前2/3味觉消失"}, "answer": "舌前2/3味觉消失", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "癫痫的临床诊断大多数情况下需依据(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑电图改变", "B": "有无家族史", "C": "确切的病史", "D": "头部CT扫描"}, "answer": "确切的病史", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列血液学改变符合再障诊断的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "网织红细胞绝对数正常", "B": "中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶积分增加", "C": "凝血时间延长", "D": "骨髓涂片可见幼红细胞有巨幼样变"}, "answer": "中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶积分增加", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.病毒含有RNA逆转录酶的逆转录病毒是(  )。", "options": {"A": "轮状病毒", "B": "狂犬病毒", "C": "丁型肝炎病毒", "D": "人类获得性免疫缺陷病毒"}, "answer": "人类获得性免疫缺陷病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某学生进行斯坦福一比奈智力测验的结果是智商为120,此学生的智力为(  )。", "options": {"A": "超常智力", "B": "高常智力", "C": "平常智力", "D": "边界智力"}, "answer": "高常智力", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "淋巴细胞活化过程中需要黏附分子的辅佐,其中又能增强对肿瘤识别杀伤活性及协助Th活化B细胞的是下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "CD28/B7", "B": "CD8/MHC-1", "C": "CD4/MHC-Ⅱ", "D": "CD2/LFA-3"}, "answer": "CD28/B7", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女。60岁,两个月来腹部胀痛,排便不畅,有贫血,左侧腹部可触及肿物,下列哪种检查最具诊断意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "直肠肛门指检", "B": "电子结肠镜检查", "C": "立位腹部平片", "D": "大便常规化验及潜血试验"}, "answer": "电子结肠镜检查", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不引起肉芽肿性炎的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "痢疾杆菌", "B": "麻风杆菌", "C": "梅素螺旋体", "D": "伤寒杆菌"}, "answer": "痢疾杆菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.患幼儿急疹时出疹与体温的关系是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热后1天左右出皮疹,症状轻", "B": "发热1~2天出皮疹,出疹时高热", "C": "高热3~5天,热退出疹", "D": "发热,服药后出皮疹,有瘙痒"}, "answer": "高热3~5天,热退出疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项不是绞窄性肠梗阻的临床表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "便隐血阳性", "B": "腹痛剧烈而持续", "C": "腹部有固定压痛和腹膜刺激征", "D": "呕吐呈反射性,吐出物为食物或胃液"}, "answer": "呕吐呈反射性,吐出物为食物或胃液", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "动脉导管未闭,不应出现下列哪一项体征?(  )", "options": {"A": "脉压增宽", "B": "三尖瓣区舒张期杂音", "C": "二尖瓣区舒张期杂音", "D": "股动脉枪击音"}, "answer": "三尖瓣区舒张期杂音", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "霍乱弧菌的致病因素不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "鞭毛", "B": "荚膜", "C": "肠毒素", "D": "内毒素"}, "answer": "荚膜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,23岁,2个月前无明显诱因出现自言自语,有时独自发笑,有时对空谩骂,感觉被人监视和追踪,思想和行为会被某种外力控制情绪低落,觉得被逼的走投无路,曾报警寻求保护,睡眠差,实验室检查未发现异常。3.最可能与该不良反应有关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中脑皮质通路", "B": "黑质纹状体通路", "C": "中脑被盖区通路", "D": "下丘脑结节漏斗通路"}, "answer": "下丘脑结节漏斗通路", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,8个月,腹泻4天,水样便,1日10余次。12小时无尿,呼吸深大,前囟、眼窝明显凹陷,四肢凉。血钠127mmol/L,血钾4mmol/L,血钙2.25mmoL/L.CO2CP11.2mmol/L。首批应输入下列哪一种混合液?(  )", "options": {"A": "3:2:1液(1/2张)", "B": "2:1等张含钠液", "C": "1:2液(1/3)", "D": "1:1液(1/2张)"}, "answer": "2:1等张含钠液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,25岁。间断上腹痛2年,加重1周,呕血5小时,胃镜检查见十二指肠球前壁溃疡,底部红色血栓并有少量活动出血。最合适的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃肠减压", "B": "及早应用肾上腺糖皮质激素", "C": "应用质子泵抑制剂静脉滴注", "D": "及早应用奥曲肽静脉滴注"}, "answer": "应用质子泵抑制剂静脉滴注", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某研究者,为了验证氯霉素对伤寒的疗效,在408例伤寒病人中进行对照实验,其中251例用氯霉素治疗,其余157例不用。结果使用组251人中死亡20人,死亡率7.07%,未用组157人中死亡36人,病死率22.8%,已有结论被亲自证实。4.在人体实验中使用对照组、安慰剂和双盲法(  )。", "options": {"A": "是违背人道主义原则的", "B": "是违背知情同意权原则的", "C": "以征服疾病为目标,为发展医学,在严格控制并不损害病人利益的范围之内使用这一方法,是合乎医学道德的", "D": "是医学科研中经过考验的正确方法,可以在人体实验中广泛使用"}, "answer": "以征服疾病为目标,为发展医学,在严格控制并不损害病人利益的范围之内使用这一方法,是合乎医学道德的", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.X线片上的“日光放射”征象见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨结核", "B": "骨肉瘤", "C": "骨坏死", "D": "骨软骨瘤"}, "answer": "骨肉瘤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "血清酶检测对病毒性肝炎的诊断,最为敏感和有意义的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "AKP", "B": "ALT", "C": "γ-谷氨酰转肽酶", "D": "乳酸脱氢酶"}, "answer": "ALT", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "激期佝偻病的血生化变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血钙稍降低,血磷明显降低,钙磷乘积降低,碱性磷酸酶明显升高", "B": "血钙降低,血磷升高,钙磷乘积降低,碱性磷酸酶升高", "C": "血钙升高,血磷降低,钙磷乘积降低,碱性磷酸酶升高", "D": "血钙降低,血磷降低,钙磷乘积升高,碱性磷酸酶升高"}, "answer": "血钙稍降低,血磷明显降低,钙磷乘积降低,碱性磷酸酶明显升高", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.膝关节骨关节病关节强直的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "透明软骨的退行性变", "B": "骨质增生", "C": "关节囊纤维变和增厚,关节挛缩", "D": "软骨下骨萎缩"}, "answer": "关节囊纤维变和增厚,关节挛缩", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "7个月女婴,近1周易激惹,烦躁不安,呕吐2次,大便稀,2次/日。查体:嗜睡,前囟膨,有张力,颈强(±),心肺正常,布氏征(+),巴氏征(±)。为明确诊断,应做哪一项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑CT", "B": "脑脊液检查", "C": "OT试验", "D": "X线胸片"}, "answer": "脑脊液检查", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "检测微量Ag最敏感的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单向免疫扩散", "B": "反向间接凝集", "C": "双向免疫扩散", "D": "免疫电泳"}, "answer": "反向间接凝集", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有关高血压并发症,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心、脑、肾等器官是主要受累脏器", "B": "眼底病变与高血压的严重程度直接有关", "C": "恶性高血压以脑并发症最为突出", "D": "高血压脑病症状出现可能与脑水肿有关"}, "answer": "恶性高血压以脑并发症最为突出", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "TAT是一种(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡特尔人格因素问卷", "B": "艾森克人格问卷", "C": "洛夏墨迹测试", "D": "主题统觉试验"}, "answer": "主题统觉试验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "雌激素受体阳性的乳腺癌在根治术后最常用的激素治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服三苯氧胺", "B": "口服甲地孕酮", "C": "肌内注射丙酸睾酮", "D": "口服泼尼松"}, "answer": "口服三苯氧胺", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "股骨头血液供给的主要来源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "股骨干的滋养动脉升支", "B": "旋股内、外侧动脉的分支", "C": "腹壁下动脉的分支", "D": "腹壁浅动脉的分支"}, "answer": "旋股内、外侧动脉的分支", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以下哪部著作最先提出医学伦理学的概念?(  )", "options": {"A": "《希波克拉底誓言》", "B": "《医学伦理学》", "C": "《纽伦堡法典》", "D": "《黄帝内经》"}, "answer": "《医学伦理学》", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "A药和B药作用机制相同,达同一效应,A药剂量是5mg,B药是500mg,下述哪种说法正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "B药疗效比A药差", "B": "A药强度是B药的100倍", "C": "A药最大效能高于B药", "D": "A药作用持续时间比B药短"}, "answer": "A药强度是B药的100倍", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,18岁,务农,于8月5日以发冷、发热起病,2天后入院,伴有头痛、肌肉酸痛、乏力、皮肤有出血点。入院1天后突然出现心慌、气短,心率快,咳血痰。X线胸片示双肺广泛片状阴影。2.针对病原体治疗的首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "链霉素", "B": "庆大霉素", "C": "红霉素", "D": "青霉素"}, "answer": "青霉素", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "引起肺褐色硬化的最常见疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "二尖瓣狭窄", "B": "主动脉瓣闭锁不全", "C": "肺动脉瓣狭窄", "D": "肺动脉栓塞"}, "answer": "二尖瓣狭窄", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患妇,28岁。足月顺产后2周开始下床活动,觉左下肢痛,肿胀,左下肢皮肤略发绀,皮温高,表浅静脉曲张,沿左股静脉走行区有明显压痛感,应考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "血栓性股静脉炎", "B": "血栓性大隐静脉炎", "C": "局限性股深静脉血栓形成", "D": "左髂股静脉血栓形成"}, "answer": "左髂股静脉血栓形成", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某煤矿职工医院欲探讨二、三期矽肺患者胸部平片阴影密度级别(+、++、+++、++++)间是否不同,可选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "线性回归", "B": "成组设计比较的秩和检查", "C": "直线相关", "D": "两样本t检查"}, "answer": "成组设计比较的秩和检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "AMP和GMP在细胞内分解时,均首先转化为(  )。", "options": {"A": "黄嘌呤", "B": "次黄嘌呤核苷酸", "C": "黄嘌呤核苷酸", "D": "黄嘌呤核苷"}, "answer": "次黄嘌呤核苷酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "股骨颈骨折后,下列哪项体征不可能出现?(  )", "options": {"A": "髋部叩击痛", "B": "Bryant三角底边短缩", "C": "大转子在Netaton线上方", "D": "患肢略长于健侧"}, "answer": "患肢略长于健侧", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "革兰染色阳性时,下列哪项符合细胞的颜色?(  )", "options": {"A": "蓝紫色", "B": "蓝色", "C": "黄色", "D": "无色"}, "answer": "蓝紫色", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "诊断冠心病的“金标准”是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心电图", "B": "冠状动脉造影", "C": "PET", "D": "手术病理"}, "answer": "冠状动脉造影", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.周围血管征见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "室间隔缺损", "B": "动脉导管未闭合并肺动脉高压", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "动脉导管未闭"}, "answer": "动脉导管未闭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "抢救重症创伤患者,必须优先处理的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗休克", "B": "出血", "C": "固定骨折", "D": "窒息"}, "answer": "窒息", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.重症肌无力属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病", "B": "神经-肌肉传递障碍性疾病", "C": "血清钾低", "D": "黑质致密区含黑色素的神经元缺失"}, "answer": "神经-肌肉传递障碍性疾病", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对顺应性的叙述,错误的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺的弹性阻力可用肺顺应性来表示", "B": "肺的弹性阻力与肺顺应性成正变关系", "C": "顺应性的单位是L/cmH2O", "D": "肺组织纤维化时,顺应性减小"}, "answer": "肺的弹性阻力与肺顺应性成正变关系", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,48岁,甲亢患者,甲状腺Ⅱ°肿大,有房颤。经丙硫氧嘧啶治疗3个月后,甲状腺未缩小,房颤未消失。此病治疗应(  )。", "options": {"A": "继续原有治疗", "B": "继续原治疗+普萘洛尔", "C": "改用放射性131I治疗", "D": "改用手术治疗"}, "answer": "改用放射性131I治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.腰椎结核伴椎旁冷脓肿病灶清除术,切口愈合良好(  )。", "options": {"A": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅰ/甲”", "B": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅱ/甲”", "C": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅱ/乙”", "D": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅲ/甲”"}, "answer": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅲ/甲”", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "病人凭空听到两个人在议论自己的行为各说各的理,此症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "争论性幻听", "B": "评论性幻听", "C": "命令性幻听", "D": "思维鸣响"}, "answer": "评论性幻听", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列情况,不属于造成高钾血症原因的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "服用含钾药物", "B": "注射精氨酸", "C": "输入大量库存血", "D": "糖皮质激素分泌不足"}, "answer": "糖皮质激素分泌不足", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,60岁。因慢性肾功能不全入院。血生化检查:K+ 6.5mmol/L,Na+ 136mmol/L,Ca2+ 2.1mmol/L,CO2CP 25mmol/L。心电图示T波高尖。下列处理不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静滴碳酸氢钠溶液", "B": "应用氨苯蝶啶快速利尿", "C": "静注葡萄糖酸钙", "D": "停用含钾药物"}, "answer": "应用氨苯蝶啶快速利尿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,52岁,腰痛3年,长期口服止痛药。10天前搬重物后突感腰腿痛加剧,并出现左下肢麻木与排尿困难。体检:腰运动受限,腰5骶l平面偏棘突左侧压痛向下肢放散,直腿抬高试验阳性。马鞍区痛觉减退。3.最主要的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卧硬床休息", "B": "牵引", "C": "硬脊膜外腔泼尼松龙注射", "D": "椎间盘摘除术"}, "answer": "椎间盘摘除术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列违背道德要求的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "从业人员要做好临床医疗工作", "B": "从业人员要增强职业责任感", "C": "从业人员要有献身精神", "D": "个人利益优先,兼顾社会利益"}, "answer": "个人利益优先,兼顾社会利益", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,50岁。乙型肝炎病史10年。近3个月肝区胀痛不适,CT检查:肝右叶5cm占位性病变。为进一步明确性质应首选检剥(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲胎蛋白", "B": "癌胚抗原", "C": "CA15-3", "D": "碱性磷酸酶"}, "answer": "甲胎蛋白", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于催产素作用的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "促进乳腺排出乳汁", "B": "对妊娠子宫有强的收缩作用", "C": "雌激素加强子宫对催产素的敏感性,孕激素的作用相反", "D": "催产素与升压素间没有交叉作用"}, "answer": "催产素与升压素间没有交叉作用", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列内容中哪项不是心身疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "偏头痛", "B": "过敏性结肠炎", "C": "神经症", "D": "经前期紧张症"}, "answer": "神经症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某患者有输血史,近日体检发现血液HCV-RNA(+)和抗HCV-IgM(+),最积极有效的处置方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "注射抗生素", "B": "卧床休息", "C": "注射丙种球蛋白", "D": "注射干扰素"}, "answer": "注射干扰素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "加强腹股沟管前壁的疝修补方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Bassini法", "B": "Ferguson法", "C": "McVay法", "D": "Shouldice法"}, "answer": "Ferguson法", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "表现为上肢血压增高,且高于下肢血压的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾实质病变", "B": "肾动脉狭窄", "C": "原发性醛固酮增多症", "D": "主动脉缩窄"}, "answer": "主动脉缩窄", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "我国流行的HCV的基因型主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅰ型", "B": "Ⅱ型", "C": "Ⅲ型", "D": "Ⅵ型"}, "answer": "Ⅱ型", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,35岁。腰痛伴右侧下肢放射性疼痛1个月,无明显发热、盗汗。查体:右下肢直腿抬高试验阳性。小腿前外侧和足内侧感觉感觉减退,拇背伸肌力减退。2.最可能的病变部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "L2~3", "B": "L1~2", "C": "L4~5", "D": "L5~S1"}, "answer": "L4~5", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,18岁学生,不出门怕见人,不去上课,纠缠父母出钱给自己做美容手术半年。原因是半年来反复照镜子发现自己的鼻子比以前变大了,难看了。说班上的同学都讥笑他,出门就感觉别人在说他,别人的眼光看他时很特别,能使他头痛。父母不愿意出钱就说父母不关心他,父母不是亲生的,曾说要去做亲子鉴定。2.如给予药物治疗,不属于抗精神病药的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氟哌啶醇", "B": "氟奋乃静", "C": "氟西汀", "D": "三氟拉嗪"}, "answer": "氟西汀", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,65岁,腹胀痛,腹泻便秘交替数月余伴里急后重感,无鲜血便。体格检查:腹平软,未及包块,左锁骨上、腹股沟淋巴结未触及。2.进一步检查应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "肛门指诊、直肠镜检", "B": "大便常规加涂片", "C": "腹部X线平片", "D": "钡剂灌肠"}, "answer": "肛门指诊、直肠镜检", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列各种预防接种属何性质,正确的组合是?(  )", "options": {"A": "白喉   破伤风    麻疹", "B": "破伤风  麻疹     脊髓灰质炎", "C": "白喉   乙脑     卡介苗", "D": "破伤风  脊髓灰质炎  白喉"}, "answer": "白喉   乙脑     卡介苗", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.属于病人角色行为减退(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人否认自己有病", "B": "病人角色与其他角色发生心理冲突", "C": "病人从事了不应承担的活动", "D": "病人因疾病痛苦而自杀"}, "answer": "病人从事了不应承担的活动", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,59岁。活动后气短半年,夜间憋醒1周。既往陈旧性心肌梗死3年。查体:血压110/80mmHg,双下肺可闻及少许湿性啰音,心率98次/分,心律齐。最有助于明确该患者气短原因的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "超声心动图", "B": "胸部X线片", "C": "动脉血气分析", "D": "肺功能"}, "answer": "超声心动图", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "三岁患儿上楼梯时,其父向上牵拉右上肢,患儿哭叫,诉肘部疼痛,不肯用右手取物,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肘关节脱位", "B": "桡骨头骨折", "C": "桡骨头半脱位", "D": "尺骨鹰嘴撕脱伤"}, "answer": "桡骨头半脱位", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "我国规定出生2个月内必须完成的计划免疫是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡介苗", "B": "流脑疫苗", "C": "流感疫苗", "D": "甲肝疫苗"}, "answer": "卡介苗", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于严重肺淤血的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺泡腔内有水肿液", "B": "可发生漏出性出血", "C": "肺泡壁毛细血管扩张充血", "D": "肺泡腔内见有白细胞和纤维蛋白"}, "answer": "肺泡腔内见有白细胞和纤维蛋白", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性阑尾炎时判断阑尾靠近闭孔内肌的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右下腹麦氏点固定压痛", "B": "闭孔内肌试验阳性", "C": "腹肌紧张度增加", "D": "腰大肌试验阳性"}, "answer": "闭孔内肌试验阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "颈椎骨折脱位合并截瘫的严重并发症不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸道感染", "B": "心血管系统紊乱", "C": "泌尿系感染和结石", "D": "高热"}, "answer": "心血管系统紊乱", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是能增强香豆素药物抗凝血作用的药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "甲磺丁脲", "B": "苯巴比妥", "C": "苯妥英钠", "D": "卡托普利"}, "answer": "甲磺丁脲", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,35岁,诊甲亢后即行甲状腺次全切手术,术后病人出现高热,心率160次/分,烦躁不安,大汗淋漓,腹泻,首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲亢症状加重", "B": "甲亢危象", "C": "甲亢危象前期", "D": "甲亢术后感染性腹泻"}, "answer": "甲亢危象", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,55岁。昨天中午参加婚宴后下午开始腹痛,为持续性胀痛,牵涉到后背,伴恶心、呕吐。有胆囊结石病10年。查体:体温37.2℃,血压110/82mmHg,脉率108次/min,呼吸24次/min,巩膜可疑黄染,上腹膨隆,全腹压痛,以左上腹为重,轻度肌紧张,肠鸣音1~2次/min。WBC 11×109/L,N 0.80,血淀粉酶1500U/L,尿淀粉酶2200U/L,B超显示胆囊多发结石,胆总管宽0.8cm,胰腺增大,边界不清,胰周有积液。1.对该患者的可能诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上消化道穿孔", "B": "急性胆囊炎", "C": "急性胰腺炎", "D": "胰腺癌"}, "answer": "急性胰腺炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,35岁,半年前母突然病故,此后失眠、情绪低沉、不愿与人交往。近3个月来独处时常听见有声音对她讲话,说母病故与某人有关,故多次给公安机关写信反映母被害之事,后来又感到自己的思维、情感不由自己支配,自己的想法还未说出已人人皆知,常独自哭泣。神经系统检查未见异常,有慢性肝炎病史3年,目前肝功ALTSOU/L。3.该患者治疗首选的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯硝西泮", "B": "氟西汀", "C": "丙咪嗪", "D": "利培酮"}, "answer": "利培酮", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,56岁。因吞咽、饮水困难2周,现有乏力、尿少、极度口渴来诊。查体:血压正常,唇干,眼窝凹陷。烦躁不安,出现躁狂、幻觉,有时昏迷。该患者应考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "重度等渗性缺水", "B": "重度高渗性缺水", "C": "中度低渗性缺水", "D": "中度高渗性缺水"}, "answer": "重度高渗性缺水", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项不是白喉棒状杆菌感染的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "是棒状杆菌属中唯一能引起人类白喉的病原菌", "B": "传染源包括白喉病人和带菌者", "C": "侵入鼻咽部黏膜生长繁殖", "D": "在局部繁殖后人血"}, "answer": "在局部繁殖后人血", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.胸腺发育不良引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "性联无丙种球蛋白血症", "B": "联合免疫缺陷症", "C": "DiGeorge综合征", "D": "常见多变型免疫缺陷病"}, "answer": "DiGeorge综合征", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "弥散性血管内凝血应用肝素治疗的主要作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "增加AT-Ⅲ的含量", "B": "中和血小板3因子", "C": "增加AT-Ⅱ的含量", "D": "抑制凝血活酶、凝血酶的形成"}, "answer": "抑制凝血活酶、凝血酶的形成", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,69岁。头痛、头晕1周。恶心,未呕吐。既往有支气管哮喘、痛风病史。查体:BP 160/80mmHg,心率55次/分,律齐。该患者宜首选的降压药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氨氯地平", "B": "卡维地洛", "C": "美托洛尔", "D": "氢氯噻嗪"}, "answer": "氨氯地平", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "7个月女,以发热、咳嗽、喘憋6天为主诉入院。入院后第二天患儿突然面色灰白,极度烦躁不安,呼吸明显增快,60次/分,听心音低钝,节律整,心率180次/分,呈奔马律,双肺闻及广泛的水泡音,肝肋下3cm,下肢有浮肿。血常规:白细胞55×109/L。胸片双肺见小片状影,肺纹理增强,肺气肿。1.该患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管肺炎合并心力衰竭", "B": "支气管肺炎合并肝炎", "C": "支气管肺炎合并休克", "D": "支气管肺炎合并中毒性脑病"}, "answer": "支气管肺炎合并心力衰竭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,55岁,寒战,发热,右上腹痛15天,体温每日高达39.8℃左右,CT提示肝内两个脓肿,最大直径达6cm,其治疗方法应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "全身大剂量应用抗生素", "B": "右半肝切除术", "C": "经皮穿刺置管引流术", "D": "脓腔内注入抗生素"}, "answer": "经皮穿刺置管引流术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.下列哪项是抗绿脓杆菌作用最强的抗生素?(  )", "options": {"A": "头孢他定", "B": "头孢拉定", "C": "氯霉素", "D": "红霉素"}, "answer": "头孢他定", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,26岁。右小腿受伤12小时。查体:右小腿中段前方皮肤有一10cm长创口,软组织挫伤严重,胫骨断端外露,双侧足背动脉搏动对称,感觉正常。彻底清创后最适宜的进一步治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "髓内钉固定", "B": "石膏固定", "C": "钢板固定", "D": "外固定架固定"}, "answer": "外固定架固定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列符合动物实验伦理要求的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "用尽可能少的实验动物获得尽可能多的实验数据", "B": "医学研究的科学性不能以牺牲动物的福利为代价", "C": "尽可能用活体动物代替无知觉的实验材料", "D": "尽可能用高等动物代替低等动物"}, "answer": "用尽可能少的实验动物获得尽可能多的实验数据", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,50岁。未孕,绝经2年。近半年阴道流水样白带,近2周出现阴道间断少量血性排液。妇科检查宫颈光滑,子宫如妊娠6周大,双侧附件未扪及异常。2.最可靠的确诊方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B超检查", "B": "阴道镜检查", "C": "分段诊断刮宫病理检查", "D": "进行碘试验和阴道镜检查"}, "answer": "分段诊断刮宫病理检查", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.一侧肾自截,对侧肾积水应进行(  )。", "options": {"A": "非手术抗结核治疗", "B": "积水肾造瘘术", "C": "抗结核治疗后双肾移植", "D": "胃大部分切除术后抗结核治疗"}, "answer": "积水肾造瘘术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "可致纵隔向患侧移位的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "开放性气胸", "B": "张力性气胸", "C": "慢性脓胸", "D": "急性脓胸"}, "answer": "开放性气胸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "慢性活动性肝炎时,肝细胞浆出现毛玻璃样改变是因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "线粒体肿胀", "B": "细胞内蛋白质凝集", "C": "滑面内质网内有大量HBsAg", "D": "粗面内质网内有大量HBsAg"}, "answer": "滑面内质网内有大量HBsAg", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一健康儿体重8.5kg,身长70cm,已会爬,试独站,会从抽屉中取玩具,能懂几个较复杂的词句,如“再见”等,不能模仿成人的动作,但看见熟人会伸手要人抱,其月龄最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "7个月", "B": "8个月", "C": "9个月", "D": "10~11个月"}, "answer": "9个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "结核菌素试验是检测(  )。", "options": {"A": "T细胞功能", "B": "B细胞功能", "C": "吞噬细胞功能", "D": "肥大细胞功能"}, "answer": "T细胞功能", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "红细胞生成的基本原料为下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "铁、维生素B12", "B": "叶酸、维生素B12", "C": "蛋白质、维生素B12", "D": "铁、蛋白质"}, "answer": "铁、蛋白质", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有关手术后早期活动,下列错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "改善血液循环", "B": "可影响切口愈合", "C": "减少肺部并发症", "D": "防止下肢静脉血栓形成"}, "answer": "可影响切口愈合", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "实现下丘脑与神经垂体之间的功能联系,依靠(  )。", "options": {"A": "下丘脑促垂体区", "B": "下丘脑垂体束", "C": "正中隆起", "D": "下丘脑调节肽"}, "answer": "下丘脑垂体束", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "诊断消化性溃疡穿孔最有价值的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呕血", "B": "腹式呼吸消失", "C": "上腹部压痛明显", "D": "肝浊音界消失"}, "answer": "肝浊音界消失", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于骨骼肌兴奋—收缩偶联,哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "横管膜产生动作电位", "B": "电兴奋通过横管系统传向肌细胞深部", "C": "终末池中Ca2+逆浓度差转运", "D": "兴奋-收缩偶联的结构基础为三联管"}, "answer": "终末池中Ca2+逆浓度差转运", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "尊重病人自主性或决定,在病人坚持己见时,医生应(  )。", "options": {"A": "听命于患者", "B": "放弃自己的责任", "C": "无需具体分析", "D": "必要时限制病人自主性"}, "answer": "必要时限制病人自主性", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性肺源性心脏病肺心功能代偿期不具有的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺气肿征", "B": "肺动脉瓣区第二心音亢进", "C": "颈静脉充盈", "D": "剑突下心脏收缩期搏动"}, "answer": "剑突下心脏收缩期搏动", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "脑猪囊尾蚴病的临床表现复杂多样,但最常见的临床类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑实质型", "B": "软脑膜型", "C": "脊髓型", "D": "混合型"}, "answer": "脑实质型", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "癌性胸水具有下列哪项特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "比重小于1.018", "B": "蛋白含量低于3g/dL", "C": "细胞总数不超过100/μL", "D": "LDH含量高于血清"}, "answer": "LDH含量高于血清", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.认知理论注重(  )。", "options": {"A": "认知与评价", "B": "自我实现", "C": "不注意对人本性的研究", "D": "习得的行为"}, "answer": "认知与评价", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "膀胱肿瘤最常见的组织类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺癌", "B": "移行细胞癌", "C": "横纹肌肉瘤", "D": "鳞癌"}, "answer": "移行细胞癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女孩,11个月,多汗,烦躁,睡眠不安,可见肋膈沟,下肢轻度“O”形腿,血清钙稍低,血磷降低,碱性磷酸酶增高,其佝偻病应处于(  )。", "options": {"A": "前驱期", "B": "初期", "C": "激期", "D": "后遗症期"}, "answer": "激期", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "动脉血压突然升高时,能引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "心迷走中枢抑制", "B": "心迷走中枢兴奋", "C": "交感缩血管中枢兴奋", "D": "心交感中枢兴奋"}, "answer": "心迷走中枢兴奋", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.属于神经心理学测验的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "洛夏墨迹测验", "B": "主题统觉测验", "C": "90项症状核查表", "D": "H—R成套测验"}, "answer": "H—R成套测验", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.局部贫血(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝硬化时食管静脉曲张", "B": "雷诺病", "C": "槟榔肝", "D": "急性阑尾炎"}, "answer": "雷诺病", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.多发性硬化属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病", "B": "神经-肌肉传递障碍性疾病", "C": "血清钾低", "D": "黑质致密区含黑色素的神经元缺失"}, "answer": "中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,1岁,咳嗽,发热伴腹泻2周,进食少,每日大便7~8次,为黄色水样便,近3日嗜睡、乏力,头不能竖起。体检:体重7kg,表情淡漠,面色苍白,下颌呼吸,30次/min,不规则,两肺呼吸音粗糙,可闻及少量中、小水泡音,心率92次/min,心音低钝,腹胀,肠鸣音减少,皮肤干燥,弹性差,皮下脂肪厚0.4cm,膝反射消失。1.此时危及生命的紧急情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低血糖", "B": "低血钠", "C": "低血钾", "D": "低血钙"}, "answer": "低血钾", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "24岁,男性,既往健康,午睡时出现口角歪斜。查体:左额纹浅,Bell征阳性,左鼻唇沟浅,舌伸居中,其他无异常。应首先采用的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素", "B": "激素", "C": "血塞通", "D": "维生素"}, "answer": "激素", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新生儿期是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "从出生到生后满28天", "B": "生后1个月~1岁", "C": "生后1~3岁", "D": "生后7~12岁"}, "answer": "从出生到生后满28天", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "青年男性患者,发热、胸痛、咳红褐色痰、呼吸困难。x线检查:右肺上叶大片致密阴影,边界模糊。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒性肺炎", "B": "干酪样肺炎", "C": "大叶性肺炎", "D": "小叶性肺炎"}, "answer": "大叶性肺炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,20岁,头昏乏力,鼻出血伴牙龈出血1周。Hb 82g/L,WBC 45×109/L,血小板25×109/L。骨髓增生极度活跃,原始细胞50%,早幼粒细胞21%,POX强度阳性,NAP阴性,非特异性酯酶部分呈阳性反应,不被NaF抑制。确诊为急性非淋巴细胞白血病,其FAB分型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "M2", "B": "M3", "C": "M1", "D": "M5"}, "answer": "M2", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿前囟检查的意义,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "前囟过小见于小头畸形", "B": "前囟早闭见于克汀病", "C": "前囟过大见于佝偻病", "D": "前囟饱满见于脑膜炎"}, "answer": "前囟早闭见于克汀病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "较稳定的股骨颈骨折是(  )。", "options": {"A": "外展型", "B": "内收型", "C": "头下型", "D": "基底型"}, "answer": "外展型", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一贫血女性,34岁,妊娠6个月,既往月经过多,血红蛋白75g/L,红细胞3.3×1012/L,网织细胞2%,血清铁460μg/L,总铁结合力4600μg/L,血清总胆红素2.0μmol/L。最可能诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "妊娠期巨幼红细胞贫血", "B": "失血性贫血", "C": "缺铁性贫血", "D": "铁幼粒细胞性贫血"}, "answer": "缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项不是机械性肠梗阻的原因?(  )。", "options": {"A": "肿瘤", "B": "嵌顿疝", "C": "粘连带压迫", "D": "弥漫性腹膜炎"}, "answer": "弥漫性腹膜炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "甲状腺癌最多见的病理类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "滤泡状腺癌", "B": "乳头状腺癌", "C": "髓样癌", "D": "滤泡状腺癌+髓样癌"}, "answer": "乳头状腺癌", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "腰椎间盘突出症最常见的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "T12~L1", "B": "L4~3", "C": "L3~4", "D": "L<5"}, "answer": "L<5", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性心力衰竭时推荐使用的β受体阻断剂是(  )。", "options": {"A": "美托洛尔", "B": "阿替洛尔", "C": "普萘洛尔", "D": "吲哚洛尔"}, "answer": "美托洛尔", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "再生障碍性贫血的病理改变哪一项是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "全身红髓容量增多", "B": "组织切片可见造血细胞每平方毫米的数目减少", "C": "全身淋巴组织轻度增生", "D": "超微结构无明显的异常"}, "answer": "组织切片可见造血细胞每平方毫米的数目减少", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "细菌性痢疾的病理改变的主要部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "盲肠", "B": "直肠和乙状结肠", "C": "升结肠", "D": "降结肠"}, "answer": "直肠和乙状结肠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于糖皮质激素调节血糖作用的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "增加肝糖原合成", "B": "抑制肝外组织摄取利用葡萄糖", "C": "协助相关激素促进脂肪动员以间接升高血糖", "D": "加强肝糖原分解以升高血糖"}, "answer": "加强肝糖原分解以升高血糖", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪种断肢易于修复?(  )", "options": {"A": "铡刀切伤", "B": "冲床冲伤", "C": "切草机撕断伤", "D": "离心机绞伤"}, "answer": "铡刀切伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "慢性支气管炎,痰多的病变基础最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "黏膜上皮的纤毛粘连、倒伏", "B": "黏液腺肥大、增生,黏液分泌亢进", "C": "支气管壁充血、水肿", "D": "黏膜上皮鳞状上皮化生"}, "answer": "黏液腺肥大、增生,黏液分泌亢进", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "细胞膜上的载体蛋白或通道蛋白帮助水溶性物质进入细胞的过程是(  )。", "options": {"A": "易化扩散", "B": "单纯扩散", "C": "主动转运", "D": "出胞作用"}, "answer": "易化扩散", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是催化以RNA为模板合成DNA的酶?(  )", "options": {"A": "反转录酶", "B": "RNA聚合酶", "C": "DNA聚合酶", "D": "拓扑异构酶"}, "answer": "反转录酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "继发性腹膜炎毒性强的原因主要是因为感染菌为(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "B": "溶血性链球菌", "C": "大肠杆菌", "D": "各种细菌混合"}, "answer": "各种细菌混合", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,72岁。双手抖动伴动作缓慢5年。查体:记忆力稍差,手指呈搓丸样静止性震颤,系纽扣、系鞋带等动作困难,写字越写越小,慌张步态。2.对本病的诊断价值最大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左旋多巴治疗有效", "B": "脑电图", "C": "脑脊液", "D": "头颅CT和MRI"}, "answer": "左旋多巴治疗有效", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪一项表现不符合急性溶血表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "急性贫血伴黄疸", "B": "寒战、高热、腰痛", "C": "肾功能衰竭休克", "D": "肺水肿"}, "answer": "肺水肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,32岁,患神经衰弱3个月余,未经治疗,主要表现头痛、失眠、脑力疲乏、精神易兴奋,应选择下述哪一种药物进行治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "地西泮", "B": "氯丙咪嗪", "C": "阿米替林", "D": "氯氮平"}, "answer": "地西泮", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.浅表小伤口需(  )。", "options": {"A": "清创及一期缝合", "B": "清创后暂不予缝合", "C": "清创及植皮", "D": "局部消毒包扎"}, "answer": "局部消毒包扎", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,24岁,4周来发热不退,关节痛,查体发现面颊及指尖有皮损,Hb 85g/L,ESR 110mm/1h末,尿蛋白(+++),沉渣红细胞5~10/HP,血IgG 24g/L,IgA 4.5g/L。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "系统性红斑狼疮", "B": "慢性肾炎", "C": "过敏性紫癜骨炎", "D": "多发性骨髓瘤"}, "answer": "系统性红斑狼疮", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,57岁。胸痛、吞咽困难2周。既往反酸、烧心10余年,口服制酸剂可缓解。为明确诊断,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃镜", "B": "腹部B超", "C": "上消化道X线钡餐造影", "D": "胸部CT"}, "answer": "胃镜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于腺病毒所致疾病,哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "流行性角结膜炎", "B": "病毒性肺炎", "C": "咽峡炎", "D": "先天性畸形"}, "answer": "先天性畸形", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "初孕妇,26岁。妊娠33周,用胰岛素治疗糖尿病,今晨5时惊醒,心慌、出汗。此时最有效的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "检测血糖", "B": "检测尿糖及酮体", "C": "进食", "D": "静脉注射胰岛素"}, "answer": "进食", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "引起蛛网膜下腔出血的疾病,下列哪项例外?(  )", "options": {"A": "脊髓血管畸形", "B": "高血压脑出血", "C": "颅内动静脉畸形", "D": "脑栓塞"}, "answer": "脑栓塞", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对股骨头缺血性坏死早期诊断最有价值的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B超", "B": "临床症状和体征", "C": "X线片", "D": "MRI"}, "answer": "MRI", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,60岁。腹胀痛,腹泻、便秘交替月余,伴里急后重感,无鲜血便。体格检查:腹平软,未及包块,左锁骨上、腹股沟淋巴结未触及。4.病理结果提示肿瘤累及肠壁肌层但未穿透浆膜,应属Duke(我国补充分类)(  )。", "options": {"A": "A", "B": "A1", "C": "C1", "D": "C2"}, "answer": "A", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,20岁,因外伤致第4、5颈椎骨折并发颈髓损伤,四肢呈弛缓性瘫痪,高热40℃,持续数日不降,应采取何种降温方法(  )。", "options": {"A": "冬眠疗法", "B": "口服APC", "C": "物理降温", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "物理降温", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,62岁。半日前进食苹果后呕鲜血约300ml,随后排黑便约400g。慢性乙型肝炎病史30余年。查体:P 112次/分,BP 100/60mmHg。神志清楚,腹软,无压痛,肠鸣音12次/分。该患者消化道最有可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糜烂性胃炎", "B": "食管贲门黏膜撕裂综合征", "C": "消化性溃疡", "D": "胃底静脉曲张破裂"}, "answer": "胃底静脉曲张破裂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肠道病毒可以引起感染细胞(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸附红细胞", "B": "出现包涵体", "C": "形成多核巨细胞", "D": "裂解死亡"}, "answer": "裂解死亡", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "初产妇,26岁。分娩过程中,宫口开全2小时10分钟,先露S=+2,胎位LOT,宫缩强度由强转为中,持续40分钟,宫缩间歇时间由2.5分钟延长至4~5分钟,诊断为第二产程延长。造成这种情况最常见的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫缩乏力", "B": "中骨盆平面狭窄", "C": "骨盆出口狭窄", "D": "胎儿过大"}, "answer": "中骨盆平面狭窄", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,44岁。大量饮酒后出现上腹部剧烈疼痛,伴呕吐,呕吐后疼痛不缓解。保守治疗2天,病情持续恶化,并出现休克。查体:T 38.9℃,脐周及背部可见大片青紫瘀斑,上腹腹肌紧张,压痛、反跳痛明显,肠鸣音减弱。2.为明确诊断,首选的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部X线片", "B": "腹部B超", "C": "血常规", "D": "血CA199"}, "answer": "腹部B超", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列分子中哪一个不是由MHC基因编码的?(  )", "options": {"A": "HLA-Ⅱ类分子的α2链", "B": "HLA-Ⅱ类分子的α3链", "C": "HLA-Ⅲ类分子", "D": "β2M"}, "answer": "β2M", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "血清壁细胞抗体阳性多见的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃溃疡", "B": "胃癌", "C": "慢性萎缩性胃窦胃炎", "D": "慢性萎缩性胃体胃炎"}, "answer": "慢性萎缩性胃体胃炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是生命活动中能量的直接供体?(  )", "options": {"A": "脂肪酸", "B": "氨基酸", "C": "磷酸肌酸", "D": "葡萄糖"}, "answer": "脂肪酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于蛋白尿的论述哪项正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "蛋白尿以溢出性蛋白尿为最常见", "B": "肾小管性蛋白尿一般为大分子蛋白尿", "C": "分泌性蛋白尿常见于肾小球疾病", "D": "体位性蛋白尿是生理性蛋白尿"}, "answer": "体位性蛋白尿是生理性蛋白尿", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,35岁。5年前出现痛经并逐渐加重,经量较多。妇科检查子宫如60天妊娠大小,质韧,触痛明显,活动好,盆底无触痛结节。考虑诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫肌瘤", "B": "子宫肉瘤", "C": "子宫腺肌病", "D": "子宫内膜异位症"}, "answer": "子宫腺肌病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "临床上壶腹癌最重要的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "黄疸", "B": "寒战、发热", "C": "上腹疼及腰背疼", "D": "吐血"}, "answer": "黄疸", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,23岁。寒战、高热、咳脓痰2天。查体:体温39.2℃,左肺闻及湿啰音。X线胸片示:左肺下叶大片状致密影。给予抗生素治疗,2天后症状加重,胸痛并呼吸困难,左胸呼吸音降低,胸片示左胸腔积液。2.进一步诊断最有价值的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核菌素试验", "B": "胸部超声波检查", "C": "左侧胸膜腔穿刺", "D": "痰细菌培养及药敏试验"}, "answer": "左侧胸膜腔穿刺", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪一项不应列为心理应激对健康的消极影响?(  )", "options": {"A": "使原有的疾病复发", "B": "适应性调整,恢复内稳态", "C": "使已有的疾病加重", "D": "损害适应能力,引发心身症状"}, "answer": "适应性调整,恢复内稳态", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "栓子是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "活体心血管内血液凝固过程中产生的物质", "B": "人体死亡后血液凝固过程中产生的物质", "C": "循环血液中不溶于血液,随血流运动并阻塞血管的物质", "D": "心瓣膜的疣状赘生物"}, "answer": "循环血液中不溶于血液,随血流运动并阻塞血管的物质", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是是有补体参与的变态反应性疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "支气管哮喘", "B": "粒细胞减少症", "C": "剥脱性皮炎", "D": "荨麻疹"}, "answer": "粒细胞减少症", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "细菌L型是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌的休眠状态", "B": "细胞壁缺陷型细菌", "C": "非致病菌", "D": "不可逆性变异的细菌"}, "answer": "细胞壁缺陷型细菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "G蛋白是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一种钙离子结合蛋白的简称", "B": "一种腺嘌呤核苷酸结合蛋白的简称", "C": "一种鸟嘌呤核苷酸结合蛋白的简称", "D": "一种二酰基甘油结合蛋白的简称"}, "answer": "一种鸟嘌呤核苷酸结合蛋白的简称", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "弥漫性新月体性肾小球肾炎中新月体的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球球囊壁层上皮细胞", "B": "肾小球球囊壁层上皮细胞和单核细胞", "C": "肾小球系膜细胞和内皮细胞", "D": "肾小球系膜细胞"}, "answer": "肾小球球囊壁层上皮细胞和单核细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.伤寒病诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "玻片凝集法", "B": "试管凝集法(肥达试验)", "C": "间接乳胶凝集试验", "D": "免疫比浊法"}, "answer": "试管凝集法(肥达试验)", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,50岁。乏力、口干、多饮、多尿4个月。BP 140/94mmHg,身高168cm,体重88kg。运动和饮食控制并口服二甲双胍,空腹血糖6.6mmol/L,餐后2小时血糖12.6mmol/L。首选的治疗药物(  )。", "options": {"A": "噻唑烷二酮", "B": "磺脲类降糖药", "C": "餐时胰岛素", "D": "基础胰岛素"}, "answer": "基础胰岛素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,1岁。体重9kg,因发热、腹泻2d入院。精神委靡,皮肤弹性差,眼窝明显凹陷,四肢冰凉,尿极少。2.扩容后补充累积损失量的输液速度,一般为每小时每公斤体重(  )。", "options": {"A": "5~7ml", "B": "8~10ml", "C": "11~13m1", "D": "17~19ml"}, "answer": "8~10ml", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是细菌性痢疾肠道病变最显著的部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "升结肠", "B": "降结肠", "C": "乙状结肠", "D": "乙状结肠和直肠"}, "answer": "乙状结肠和直肠", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪种不是导致骨折段移位的因素之一?(  )", "options": {"A": "暴力的大小,作用方向及性质", "B": "搬运及治疗不当", "C": "伤者的年龄", "D": "肌肉牵拉力"}, "answer": "伤者的年龄", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是检测微量Ag最敏感的方法?(  )", "options": {"A": "单向免疫扩散", "B": "反向间接凝集", "C": "间接凝集", "D": "双向免疫扩散"}, "answer": "反向间接凝集", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以下哪项不属于新生儿生理性黄疸典型的临床表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "生后第十天黄疸基本消退", "B": "精神状态和食欲良好", "C": "ALT 30U,AST 28U", "D": "TBil 75μmol/L,CB 67μmol/L"}, "answer": "TBil 75μmol/L,CB 67μmol/L", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4个月女婴,咳嗽、喘憋4天。查体:体温37℃,呼吸70次/分,有明显的鼻扇及三凹征,口唇周围发绀,两肺布满喘鸣音,底部有少许细湿啰音。胸部X线片可见肺纹理增强,小片阴影及肺气肿。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "革兰阴性杆菌肺炎", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "C": "肺炎支原体肺炎", "D": "呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎"}, "answer": "呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,30岁,2周前出现双下肢无力,次日双上肢亦感沉重,并双眼睑闭合不全,l周后不能行走,双上肢不能抬举,今日上午出现声音嘶哑,胸闷,气促,无排尿障碍。1.以下哪种辅助检查最重要?(  )", "options": {"A": "血生化检查", "B": "脑脊液检查", "C": "头颅CT", "D": "头颅正侧位片"}, "answer": "脑脊液检查", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述叙述中错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HVGR的急性排斥发生在移植后数天或数月,主要由细胞免疫介导", "B": "HVGR(宿主抗移植物反应)的超急排斥一般移植24小时内发生,多由ABO血型或MHC-I类分子Ab引起", "C": "HVGR是骨髓移植的主要障碍", "D": "GVHR是移植物中的免疫细胞对宿主成分的免疫应答"}, "answer": "HVGR是骨髓移植的主要障碍", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对心交感神经的下列叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可导致心率加快", "B": "可导致房室交界的传导加快", "C": "可导致心房和心室肌收缩力加强", "D": "α肾上腺素受体可阻断其作用"}, "answer": "α肾上腺素受体可阻断其作用", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于尿崩症的诊断,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿渗透压测定可与糖尿病鉴别", "B": "禁水后尿比重无升高", "C": "血浆、尿渗透压测定有助于诊断尿崩症", "D": "禁水试验阳性可诊断为中枢性尿崩症"}, "answer": "禁水试验阳性可诊断为中枢性尿崩症", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿6岁,跌倒时身体前倾手掌着地,查体肘关节半屈状,肘部明显肿胀及压痛,皮下有瘀斑,肘向后突出畸形,肘前方可及骨折端,肘后三角存在,该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肱骨髁上骨折伸直型", "B": "肱骨髁上骨折屈曲型", "C": "肘关节脱位", "D": "桡骨头半脱位"}, "answer": "肱骨髁上骨折伸直型", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.急性胰腺炎时,血淀粉酶升高达到高峰的时间一般是在发病后(  )。", "options": {"A": "72小时", "B": "24小时", "C": "10小时", "D": "2小时"}, "answer": "24小时", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.在神经-骨骼肌接头部位释放Ach产生终板电位的过程中,哪种通道参与其中?(  )", "options": {"A": "化学门控通道", "B": "机械门控通道", "C": "细胞间通道", "D": "电突触"}, "answer": "化学门控通道", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,34岁,近3个月来在不同场合频繁发作“心脏病”,表现胸口憋闷,呼吸困难,浑身冷汗,手足麻木,脑子里一片空白,并感到自己快要死去,有时是感到不能自控地快要发疯。当时神志清楚。每次发作不超过半小时,因此多次送到急诊室时即已好转。各项身体检查均未发现异常。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "恐怖症", "B": "焦虑症", "C": "躯体形式障碍", "D": "癔症转换症状"}, "answer": "焦虑症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.Nelson综合征最常出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "停经泌乳", "B": "腋毛阴毛脱落", "C": "皮肤色素沉着", "D": "体温食欲异常"}, "answer": "皮肤色素沉着", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.废用性萎缩(  )。", "options": {"A": "小儿麻痹症所致的下肢萎缩", "B": "肾盂积水所致肾萎缩", "C": "脑缺血引起脑萎缩", "D": "垂体功能低下引起肾上腺萎缩"}, "answer": "小儿麻痹症所致的下肢萎缩", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,40岁。体检发现空腹血糖升高2个月。2次查空腹血糖分别为7.8mmol/L、7.4mmol/L,无口干、多饮、多食、多尿、体重下降。查体:身高170cm,体重90kg,BMI 31.1,余无异常。实验室检查:HbAlc 7.8%。2.药物治疗2个月后,空腹血糖降至6.2mmol/L,餐后2小时血糖9~10mmol/L,拟采用药物联合治疗。首选的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "罗格列酮", "B": "格列本脲", "C": "胰岛素", "D": "阿卡波糖"}, "answer": "阿卡波糖", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一男性,某省厅干部,平时不嗜烟酒,生活规律;但性情急躁,易激动,工作认真,争强好胜,雄心勃勃。1年前单位减员时调入某厂工作,常因小事上火,发脾气。3日前因心绞痛入院,诊断为冠心病。3.病人的情绪反应属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑郁反应", "B": "厌恶反应", "C": "愤怒反应", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "以上都不是", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "临床常用醋酸纤维素薄膜将血浆蛋白进行分类研究,下列哪项是按照血浆蛋白泳动速度的快慢进行的分类?(  )", "options": {"A": "α1、α2、γ、β清蛋白", "B": "α1、α2、β、γ清蛋白", "C": "γ、β、α1、α2、清蛋白", "D": "清蛋白、α1、α2、β、γ"}, "answer": "清蛋白、α1、α2、β、γ", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肘关节外侧疼痛患者,查体Mills征阳性,正确的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "限制肘关节活动", "B": "局部注射透明质酸钠", "C": "局部注射抗生素", "D": "限制腕关节活动"}, "answer": "限制腕关节活动", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.侵袭性细菌性肠炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "便次较多,发育不受影响", "B": "黏液脓血便,常伴有发热", "C": "血便或呈“赤豆汤样”便", "D": "便色黄或暗绿,有腥臭味"}, "answer": "黏液脓血便,常伴有发热", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,34岁。被汽车撞伤下腹部及会阴部。测血压70/50mmHg(9.33/6.67kPa)。体检及辅助检查发现骨盆骨折、腹膜后血肿、后尿道损伤。1.首先的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "清创", "B": "抗休克", "C": "处理尿道损伤", "D": "清除腹膜后血肿"}, "answer": "抗休克", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某药的t1/2为2小时,一次服药后须经几小时体内药物能基本消除(  )。", "options": {"A": "15小时", "B": "10小时", "C": "6小时", "D": "24小时"}, "answer": "10小时", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,45岁,3小时前车祸头部受伤,伤后立即昏迷,做CT后入院,入院检查中度昏迷。右瞳散大,光反射消失,左上下肢肌张力增高,病理征(+),CT示右额颞部高密度新月影像。3.最重要的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "气管切开", "B": "脱水治疗", "C": "止血,预防感染治疗", "D": "血肿清除术"}, "answer": "血肿清除术", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "9个月婴儿,近1个月夜惊、睡眠差、多汗、烦躁,运动发育迟,刚会坐,不能爬。查体:前囟大,方颅,有哈氏沟及串珠。3.本病确切的诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "佝偻病后遗症期", "B": "佝偻病活动期", "C": "佝偻病初期", "D": "佝偻病手足搐搦症"}, "answer": "佝偻病活动期", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "腺病毒肺炎的确诊主要依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全身中毒症状重,热程长", "B": "鼻咽部黏膜涂片纤毛细胞有坏变现象", "C": "免疫荧光抗体检查", "D": "咽分泌物和痰液病毒分离或血清学试验"}, "answer": "咽分泌物和痰液病毒分离或血清学试验", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,40岁,因发热、便秘、食欲缺乏10天入院。查体:体温39.8℃,脉搏98次/分,肝大肋下1.0cm,质软,脾肋下及边。血常规:白细胞2.7×109/L,中性粒细胞0.52,淋巴细胞0.44,血清ALT 100U/L;肥达反应“0”1:160,“H”1:160。3.病原治疗最合适的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "环丙沙星", "B": "庆大霉素", "C": "复方新诺明", "D": "红霉素"}, "answer": "环丙沙星", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "研究生小王为研究癌症病人的生活质量,从因特网上下载了一份英文版的“生活质量问卷”,翻译后直接用于临床调查,并将结果写成论文投到某学术刊物。不久小王收到退稿,原因最有可能是违反了心理测验的(  )。", "options": {"A": "保密原则", "B": "标准化原则", "C": "客观原则", "D": "道德原则"}, "answer": "标准化原则", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.慢性活动型肝炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "点状坏死", "B": "桥接坏死", "C": "溶解坏死", "D": "羽毛状坏死"}, "answer": "桥接坏死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "佝偻病肋骨串珠特点哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "部位在肋骨与肋软骨交界处", "B": "好发于1岁左右小儿", "C": "骨样组织堆积所致", "D": "以胸骨旁最明显"}, "answer": "以胸骨旁最明显", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "目前控制HCV传播的主要措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "注射高效价免疫血清", "B": "对献血人员进行抗-HCV筛查", "C": "注射丙种球蛋白", "D": "注射干扰素"}, "answer": "对献血人员进行抗-HCV筛查", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于审慎,下述提法中错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "审慎是一种道德品质", "B": "审慎是一种智慧表现", "C": "审慎与个人性格有关,是与生俱来的", "D": "审慎是以知识技能和冷静客观分析甚至丰富的经验为基础的"}, "answer": "审慎与个人性格有关,是与生俱来的", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "转氨酶的辅酶含有(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素B1", "B": "维生素B2", "C": "维生素B6", "D": "生物素"}, "answer": "维生素B6", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项不符合小叶性肺炎?(  )", "options": {"A": "多种致病菌可引起小叶性肺炎", "B": "常在患传染病后发病", "C": "病变呈灶状、小叶分布", "D": "多为浆液纤维素性炎"}, "answer": "多为浆液纤维素性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,71岁,吸烟患者,反复咳嗽,咳痰,气促40年,胸闷,心悸2年,加重伴发热1周,昏睡3小时入院。入院后查体:BP 140/90mmHg,嗜睡状态,呼之能应,瞳孔等大等圆,对光反射存在,口唇紫绀,双肺可闻及干、湿啰音,心率120次/分,期前收缩3次/分,下肢凹陷性水肿1.患者最可能的诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "冠脉性心脏病", "B": "慢性肺源性心脏病", "C": "风湿性心脏病", "D": "原发性心肌病"}, "answer": "慢性肺源性心脏病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,45岁。体检发现空腹血糖8mmol/L,餐后2小时血糖13mmol/L,血清甘油三酯3.5mmol/L,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇3.6mmol/L,无明显不适,半年内体重下降10kg。查体:BP 160/110mmHg,BMI 28,心肺查体无阳性发现。1.首选的降血糖药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿卡波糖", "B": "瑞格列奈", "C": "二甲双胍", "D": "格列本脲"}, "answer": "二甲双胍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者男性,建筑工人。施工中不慎被生锈铁钉扎伤后来医院就诊。在给患者清创包扎时,还应给此患者注射(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎盘球蛋白", "B": "破伤风抗毒素(TAT)", "C": "磺胺类抗生素", "D": "干扰素"}, "answer": "破伤风抗毒素(TAT)", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,34岁。2个月来无痛性颈淋巴结肿大,间断发热3个月,体检:脾肋下4cm。2.如果颈部淋巴结活检为淋巴细胞、浆细胞、中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞及中等量R-S细胞混同存在,最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "霍奇金病淋巴细胞为主型", "B": "霍奇金病淋巴细胞耗竭型", "C": "霍奇金病结节硬化型", "D": "霍奇金病混合细胞型"}, "answer": "霍奇金病混合细胞型", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,50岁。车祸2小时急诊入院,经抢救后生命体征平稳,神志清醒。现出现下腹部疼痛,不能排尿4小时。查体:下腹部叩诊呈浊音,直肠指检可触及直肠前方饱满,前列腺尖端浮动感。X线摄片显示盆骨骨折(耻骨下支断裂)。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "前尿道损伤", "B": "输尿道损伤", "C": "后尿道损伤", "D": "膀胱破裂"}, "answer": "后尿道损伤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "为了抢救病人的生命,采用未经动物实验证明有效的疗法(  )。", "options": {"A": "是不符合医学道德的医学行为", "B": "为了抢救病人的生命而采用未经证明的临床治疗措施是合乎道德的行为", "C": "即使是抢救成功也是不合道德规范的行为", "D": "为抢救病人生命,采用没有先例的临床治疗措施,应具有科学依据,有经验的医师严格指导,有周密的医学监护和医疗保护并征得病人或亲属同意,经领导批准后进行,这是合乎道德的"}, "answer": "为抢救病人生命,采用没有先例的临床治疗措施,应具有科学依据,有经验的医师严格指导,有周密的医学监护和医疗保护并征得病人或亲属同意,经领导批准后进行,这是合乎道德的", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "猩红热,发热后几日出现皮疹(  )。", "options": {"A": "<12小时", "B": "12~48小时", "C": "48~60小时", "D": "60~72小时"}, "answer": "12~48小时", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,55岁。3个月来腹胀、食欲不振、低热,查体:腹饱满,移动性浊音(+)。抗结核治疗2周不见好转,为进一步明确诊断,应做哪项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "腹腔积液常规", "B": "血沉", "C": "腹腔镜+活检", "D": "剖腹探查"}, "answer": "腹腔镜+活检", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.Mφ产生的能活化T细胞的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "IL-1", "B": "IL-2", "C": "IL-4", "D": "IL-5"}, "answer": "IL-2", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "24岁男性,因车祸致开放性胫腓骨骨折,4小时后入院,急诊手术,手术的重点在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "胫骨骨折的复位和内固定", "B": "腓骨骨折的复位和内固定", "C": "彻底清创,确保伤口一期愈口", "D": "骨牵引,待伤口二期愈合"}, "answer": "彻底清创,确保伤口一期愈口", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.可以给T细胞活化传递抑制信号的分子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD4和MHCⅡ类分子结合", "B": "CD28和CD80结合", "C": "CD40和CD40L结合", "D": "CTLA-4和CD86结合"}, "answer": "CTLA-4和CD86结合", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性肾小球肾炎起病常在前驱感染后(  )。", "options": {"A": "1~3周", "B": "1周内", "C": "2~4周", "D": "4~5周"}, "answer": "1~3周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "继发性腹膜炎腹部检查呈现“木板样”强直时,提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝脏和脾脏破裂", "B": "胃或胆囊穿孔", "C": "结肠或直肠破裂", "D": "坏疽性阑尾炎"}, "answer": "胃或胆囊穿孔", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗无血流动力学障碍的持续性室速,下列药物应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛花苷丙", "B": "腺苷", "C": "利多卡因", "D": "地尔硫䓬"}, "answer": "利多卡因", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.安静时膜两侧存在着正常数值的电位差称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "极化", "B": "去极化", "C": "复极化", "D": "反极化"}, "answer": "极化", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.意识清楚,兴趣减退,思维迟缓、言语动作减少(  )。", "options": {"A": "情感淡漠", "B": "抑郁状态", "C": "痴呆状态", "D": "脑衰弱综合征"}, "answer": "抑郁状态", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,21岁。腹痛、呕吐3小时。进食生冷食物后出现上腹痛伴恶心、剧烈呕吐,呕吐物初为胃内容物,后为少量鲜血。引起呕血最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性糜烂出血性胃炎", "B": "食管贲门黏膜撕裂综合征", "C": "十二指肠合并出血", "D": "反流性食管炎合并出血"}, "answer": "食管贲门黏膜撕裂综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "百白破的初种年龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "4个月", "B": "3个月", "C": "2个月", "D": "6个月"}, "answer": "3个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在新生儿窒息ABCDE复苏程序中。2.清理呼吸道的步骤(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸干净口腔黏液", "B": "先吸干净口腔黏液,再吸干净鼻腔黏液", "C": "先吸干净鼻腔黏液,再吸干净口腔黏液", "D": "吸干净支气管中黏液"}, "answer": "先吸干净口腔黏液,再吸干净鼻腔黏液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "毛果芸香碱滴眼可产生哪种作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "近视、缩瞳", "B": "远视、扩瞳", "C": "远视、缩瞳", "D": "虹膜角膜角变窄"}, "answer": "近视、缩瞳", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,62岁。进食梗噎1月余,胃镜检查:距门齿30~32cm处食管后壁肿物,黏膜表面破溃,距门齿38~40cm处黏膜粗糙、隆起,两处活检均为高分化鳞癌。心、肺及肝功能正常。未见其他部位转移征象。最佳治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "二线药物化疗", "B": "静脉营养支持", "C": "食管癌根治术", "D": "胃造瘘肠内营养"}, "answer": "食管癌根治术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,20岁,奔跑后出现呼吸困难,喘憋伴哮鸣音。查体:双肺满布哮鸣音。2.为明确诊断应做何种检查(  )。", "options": {"A": "运动激发试验或舒张试验", "B": "皮肤过敏原试验", "C": "B超", "D": "胸部X片"}, "answer": "运动激发试验或舒张试验", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于铁代谢,以下选项正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清铁一般是亚铁离子", "B": "维生素C能把食物中铁游离化", "C": "铁主要在空肠下段吸收", "D": "在肠黏膜细胞内铁离子与去铁铁蛋白结合"}, "answer": "在肠黏膜细胞内铁离子与去铁铁蛋白结合", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于肝炎病毒与传播途径的组合,哪一项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "HBV——输血和注射", "B": "HAV——消化道传播", "C": "HCV——输血和注射", "D": "HEV——输血和注射"}, "answer": "HEV——输血和注射", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "8岁患儿,浮肿、少尿4天,近1天来诉头痛、头昏、呕吐并抽搐1次,查体:体温37.3度,血压l70/120mmHg,血BUN7.8mmol/L,尿常规示:蛋白++,红细胞>100个/HP,白细胞30个/HP,该患儿准确的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性肾炎急性发作", "B": "肾炎性肾病,高血压脑病", "C": "急性肾炎,高血压脑病", "D": "急性肾炎,颅内出血"}, "answer": "肾炎性肾病,高血压脑病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "与立克次体有共同抗原成分的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大肠埃希菌", "B": "铜绿假单胞菌", "C": "变形杆菌", "D": "产气荚膜梭菌"}, "answer": "变形杆菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "正常二尖瓣口面积(  )。", "options": {"A": "<1.0cm2", "B": "1.5~2.0cm2", "C": "2.0~4.0cm2", "D": "4.0~6.0cm2"}, "answer": "4.0~6.0cm2", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "可促进醛固酮分泌的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血量增多", "B": "血K+增多", "C": "血压升高", "D": "血管紧张素Ⅱ减少"}, "answer": "血K+增多", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5.手术用金属器械宜采用(  )。", "options": {"A": "高压蒸汽灭菌", "B": "干烤", "C": "紫外线", "D": "煮沸消毒"}, "answer": "高压蒸汽灭菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,38岁。1年来活动后气促,伴腹胀及双下肢水肿。自述既往无不适,生活工作正常。查体:BP 100/60mmHg,颈静脉怒张,双肺底可闻及湿性啰音,心界向两侧扩大,S1减弱,心尖部可闻及3/6级收缩期杂音,肝肋下3cm,双下肢凹陷性水肿。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "扩张型心肌病", "B": "风湿性心脏病", "C": "缩窄性心包炎", "D": "冠心病"}, "answer": "扩张型心肌病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "智商同为85,其一是山区农民,结合他受教育程度和所处环境,考虑其智力基本正常;其二是某大学教授,结合其他表现,考虑有大脑退行性改变的可能。这是遵循心理测验的(  )。", "options": {"A": "保密性原则", "B": "标准化原则", "C": "客观性原则", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "客观性原则", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,40岁。因急性粒细胞白血病人院。查体:四肢皮肤多处出血点和瘀斑。化验PLT 8×109/L。给予单采血小板输注。输注4小时后,患者出现胸闷、呼吸困难。急查胸部X线片可见弥散性阴影。患者最可能发生的输血不良反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性过敏反应", "B": "急性溶血反应", "C": "细菌性感染", "D": "输血相关急性肺损伤"}, "answer": "输血相关急性肺损伤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某患者因近3日腹泻、腹痛前来就诊。自述有里急后重感,便内有脓血。试问如下一步为确诊进行微生物学检查时,应如何取材?(  )", "options": {"A": "尿", "B": "血液", "C": "脓血便", "D": "胃液"}, "answer": "脓血便", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者,查血小板10×109/L。3.下述各项不属于应用免疫抑制剂的指征(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用激素时间长者", "B": "不能切脾", "C": "切脾疗效不佳者", "D": "初治后数月至数年后复发者"}, "answer": "应用激素时间长者", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.引起梅毒的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "白假丝酵母菌", "B": "苍白螺旋体", "C": "艰难梭菌", "D": "淋球菌"}, "answer": "苍白螺旋体", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "21-三体综合征,不可能的核型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "46,XX(或XY),+21", "B": "47,XX(或XY),+21", "C": "46,XX(或XY),-14,+t(14q,21q)", "D": "45,XX(或XY),+21"}, "answer": "45,XX(或XY),+21", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.成年后生长激素分泌过多可导致(  )。", "options": {"A": "呆小症", "B": "肢端肥大症", "C": "尿崩症", "D": "艾迪生病"}, "answer": "肢端肥大症", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,63岁。2型糖尿病14年,血压升高5年,尿蛋白定量2.6g/d,血肌酐132μmol/L。其蛋白尿性质应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球性", "B": "功能性", "C": "肾小管性", "D": "溢出性"}, "answer": "肾小球性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,25岁。烧伤后2小时入院,Ⅱ°烧伤面积共约40%,体重约60公斤。第一个24小时,应输入的液体总量约为(  )。", "options": {"A": "2400ml", "B": "3400ml", "C": "4600ml", "D": "5600ml"}, "answer": "5600ml", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是目前效果最好的免疫抑制剂?(  )", "options": {"A": "环孢霉素A(CsA)", "B": "硫唑嘌呤.", "C": "糖皮质激素", "D": "FK-506"}, "answer": "FK-506", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列不属于传染病防控工作伦理要求的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "采取走访患者家庭以预防医患冲突", "B": "做好传染病的监测和报告", "C": "尊重科学事实", "D": "开展传染病的预防宣传教育"}, "answer": "采取走访患者家庭以预防医患冲突", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对MRSA引起的肺炎,首选的抗生素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头孢喹啉", "B": "苯唑西林", "C": "万古霉素", "D": "头孢呋辛"}, "answer": "万古霉素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是判断渗出液和漏出液的主要依据?(  )", "options": {"A": "积液的颜色", "B": "纤维蛋白含量的多少", "C": "积液的成分", "D": "有无静脉回流受阻"}, "answer": "积液的成分", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "大剂量糖皮质激素突击疗法用于(  )。", "options": {"A": "湿疹", "B": "过敏性休克", "C": "慢性肾上腺皮质功能不全", "D": "红斑狼疮"}, "answer": "过敏性休克", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.病毒性脑膜炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖明显下降,氯化物下降,蛋白质明显升高,细胞数升高,以中性粒细胞为主", "B": "糖明显下降,氯化物下降,蛋白质明显升高,细胞数升高,以淋巴增高为主", "C": "细胞数增高,淋巴为主,糖正常,氯化物正常,蛋白质升高", "D": "糖明显升高,氯化物正常,蛋白质正常,细胞数正常"}, "answer": "细胞数增高,淋巴为主,糖正常,氯化物正常,蛋白质升高", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "构成盆膈的肌肉是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肛提肌", "B": "会阴深横肌", "C": "会阴浅横肌", "D": "球海绵体肌"}, "answer": "肛提肌", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "导致动脉炎症性脑血栓的常见病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "梅毒螺旋体", "B": "回归热螺旋体", "C": "伯氏螺旋体", "D": "曲霉菌"}, "answer": "梅毒螺旋体", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是通过抑制H+、K+-ATP酶而用于治疗消化性溃疡的药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "异丙嗪", "B": "肾上腺皮质激素", "C": "雷尼替丁", "D": "奥美拉唑"}, "answer": "奥美拉唑", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一名未接种过卡介苗的健康中年人,做结核菌素试验是阳性,下述解释不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "需要接种卡介苗", "B": "细胞免疫功能正常", "C": "对结核病有免疫力", "D": "不需要接种卡介苗"}, "answer": "需要接种卡介苗", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,6岁,身高85cm,智能落后,只能数1~10。体检:皮肤粗糙,眼睑水肿,眼距宽,鼻梁扁平,牙列不齐,常舌伸口外,流涎,毛发黄,发际低,骨龄摄片示腕部骨化中心4个。1.为确诊,应选择下列哪项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "尿三氯化铁试验", "B": "T3、T4、TSH测定", "C": "尿黏多糖分析", "D": "血生长激素测定"}, "answer": "T3、T4、TSH测定", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,36岁,4小时前右中指末节1/3被机器截除,指骨外露,下列最不宜采用的是哪种方法?(  )", "options": {"A": "中厚皮片游离移植", "B": "缩短指骨缝合皮肤", "C": "带蒂皮瓣移植", "D": "两侧推进皮瓣成形"}, "answer": "中厚皮片游离移植", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列检查结果支持CML急变期的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血中原粒细胞>5%", "B": "骨髓中原粒细胞>20%", "C": "骨髓中原粒细胞+早幼粒细胞>40%", "D": "骨髓活检显示胶原纤维显著增生"}, "answer": "骨髓中原粒细胞+早幼粒细胞>40%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.说明抗体克治疗时血容量仍不足的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿量少,CVP较低", "B": "尿量多,CVP很低", "C": "尿量多,CVP正常", "D": "尿量多,CVP偏高"}, "answer": "尿量少,CVP较低", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性患者,2岁,高热,呼吸困难,双肺散在小水泡音,诊断为支气管肺炎,青霉素过敏试验(+),宜用(  )。", "options": {"A": "四环素", "B": "头孢唑啉", "C": "磺胺嘧啶", "D": "红霉素"}, "answer": "红霉素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肝脏中乙酰CoA不能来自下述哪些物质?(  )", "options": {"A": "脂肪酸", "B": "葡萄糖", "C": "甘油", "D": "酮体"}, "answer": "酮体", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "如果某药物的血浓度是按零级动力学消除,这就表明(  )。", "options": {"A": "继续增加摄人量,血药物浓度也不会再增加", "B": "不论给药速度如何药物消除速度恒定", "C": "药物的消除主要靠肾脏排泄", "D": "药物的消除主要靠肝脏代谢"}, "answer": "不论给药速度如何药物消除速度恒定", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5.肠产毒性大肠杆菌致病机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制细胞蛋白质的合成", "B": "封闭抑制性神经元,导致肌肉痉挛", "C": "阻断乙酰胆碱的释放", "D": "激活腺苷酸环化酶,使胞内cAMP上升,促进肠黏膜分泌功能增强"}, "answer": "激活腺苷酸环化酶,使胞内cAMP上升,促进肠黏膜分泌功能增强", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.淡漠型甲亢的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺疼痛", "B": "甲状腺触诊质硬", "C": "多见于老年人", "D": "宜手术治疗"}, "answer": "多见于老年人", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2岁小儿股骨干骨折,最好选用哪一种治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "石膏绷带固定", "B": "平衡皮牵引", "C": "垂直悬吊皮牵引", "D": "切开复位内固定"}, "answer": "垂直悬吊皮牵引", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.肺炎球菌荚膜多糖是(  )。", "options": {"A": "TI-Ag", "B": "完全抗原", "C": "人工抗原", "D": "半抗原"}, "answer": "TI-Ag", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一位肿瘤病学专家在同事的协助下,为一肺癌病人做胸穿,抽出了1000毫升胸水。第二天早上交班时,这位专家问当班护士:此病人是什么时候做的胸穿?你注意观察了吗?病人的呼吸、心跳怎样?……护士有些紧张,答得不完全。这位专家说:这些内容医师要管,护士也要管,我们应共同努力。5.下述医师做法或叙述中,不符合“彼此独立、互相支持和帮助”这一原则的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "“医生的嘴,护士的腿”", "B": "护士发现医嘱中有点疑问,及时向医师提出,医师认为护士多事,才上了几天班,你懂什么", "C": "下级医师为上级医师掩饰失误,损害了病人利益", "D": "上级主管部门就病人反映的某医师开CT检查单而分得“开单费”的违规问题而来调查情况时,因怕伤害朋友情面和影响科室创收,知情医师不配合"}, "answer": "“医生的嘴,护士的腿”", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,26岁。饱餐后剧烈运动时腹痛2小时,持续性痛,阵发性加剧,脐周伴腰背痛,呕吐频繁,呕吐后症状无缓解,腹肌紧张,脐周有压痛及反跳痛,肠鸣音亢进,有气过水声。2.该病人需要首先静脉输入(  )。", "options": {"A": "血浆", "B": "全血", "C": "等渗糖盐水", "D": "复方氨基酸"}, "answer": "等渗糖盐水", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.作为医学伦理学基本范畴的义务指(  )。", "options": {"A": "医学关系中的主体在道义上应享有的权力和利益", "B": "医学关系中的主体在道义上应履行的职责和使命", "C": "医学关系中的主体对自己应尽义务的自我认知和评价", "D": "医学关系中的主体表现出行为前的周密思考和行为中的谨慎负责"}, "answer": "医学关系中的主体在道义上应履行的职责和使命", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "心肌细胞的慢通道可被何种药物阻断?(  )", "options": {"A": "四乙基铵", "B": "Mg2+", "C": "铯", "D": "异搏定(维拉帕米)"}, "answer": "异搏定(维拉帕米)", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.G-菌细胞壁含有(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞膜", "B": "异染颗粒", "C": "脂多糖", "D": "中介体"}, "answer": "脂多糖", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "属于子宫峡部形态学特征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "属于宫颈的一部分", "B": "非孕时子宫峡部长度约为1cm", "C": "妊娠期峡部变软不明显", "D": "临产后形成子宫下段达平脐"}, "answer": "非孕时子宫峡部长度约为1cm", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "室间隔缺损患儿有时出现声音嘶哑,其原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "扩张的左心房压迫喉返神经", "B": "扩张的主动脉压迫喉返神经", "C": "扩张的肺动脉压迫喉返神经", "D": "扩张的左、右心房压迫喉返神经"}, "answer": "扩张的肺动脉压迫喉返神经", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1岁以内婴儿基础代谢,每日每千克约多少能量(  )。", "options": {"A": "30 kcal", "B": "44 kcal", "C": "55 kcal", "D": "80 kcal"}, "answer": "55 kcal", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "10个月男婴,经常出现夜惊不宁,近1周加重,多汗、烦闹。3.该患儿生后一直母乳不足,混合喂养,尚未添加辅食,此患儿到门诊就诊时。本病发生的病因,哪项不正确(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素D摄人不足", "B": "维生素D的需要量增加", "C": "食物中钙磷含量过低或比例不当", "D": "甲状旁腺功能不足"}, "answer": "甲状旁腺功能不足", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "用钼靶X线摄片检查方法做乳腺癌的筛检试验,分别检查了100名经活检确诊为乳腺癌的妇女和100名未患乳腺癌的妇女,结果如下表:3.此项筛检试验的粗一致性为(  )。", "options": {"A": "84%", "B": "64%", "C": "36%", "D": "74%"}, "answer": "74%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "确诊风湿热的主要表现哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "心脏炎", "B": "游走性多发性关节炎", "C": "舞蹈病", "D": "发热"}, "answer": "发热", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "缺乏下列哪一种酶可致白化病?(  )", "options": {"A": "苯丙氨酸转氨酶", "B": "酪氨酸转氨酶", "C": "酪氨酸羟化酶", "D": "酪氨酸酶"}, "answer": "酪氨酸酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对开放性颅脑损伤病人,预防创口和颅内感染的首要措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用广谱抗生素", "B": "严密观察病情变化", "C": "加强营养,增强创口愈合能力", "D": "早期施清创术"}, "answer": "早期施清创术", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.表达阻遏蛋白的基因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "操纵基因", "B": "抑癌基因", "C": "调节基因", "D": "癌基因"}, "answer": "调节基因", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,60岁。寒战伴高热.肝区疼痛15天。腹部CT提示肝内2个脓肿,最大直径达6cm,体温每日高达39.8℃。其治疗方法应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "经皮穿刺置管引流", "B": "右半肝切除", "C": "脓腔内注入抗生素", "D": "全身大剂量应用抗生素"}, "answer": "经皮穿刺置管引流", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "美国一女患者,患有严重的脑综合征、慢性褥疮、心脏病、糖尿病等,对环境没有感觉,只有原始的脑功能,有自主呼吸,没有认识、行为能力,且无改善的希望,住院不久即插入鼻饲管以维持生命。她的监护人要求取走鼻饲管,被主管医师拒绝,监护人向法院起诉要求强迫取走,法院同意并下令取走;但受理上诉的法院否定了这个决定,认为中止喂饲就是杀人。3年后,女患者死亡,她的鼻饲管仍保留着。2.下列哪项为对主管医师行为的正确伦理评价?(  )", "options": {"A": "完全不正确", "B": "完全正确", "C": "基本上不正确,侵犯了患者家属自主权", "D": "基本上正确,但应弄清患者本人意愿,彻底维护患者权益"}, "answer": "基本上正确,但应弄清患者本人意愿,彻底维护患者权益", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,26岁,饱餐后剧烈运动时腹痛2小时,阵发性加剧,脐周伴腰背痛,呕吐频繁,吐后症状无缓解,腹肌紧张,脐周有压痛及反跳痛,肠鸣音亢进,有气过水声。3.该患者的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右额颞顶急性硬膜下血肿", "B": "右额颞顶慢性硬膜下血肿", "C": "右额颞顶急性硬膜外血肿", "D": "右额颞顶慢性硬膜外血肿"}, "answer": "右额颞顶慢性硬膜下血肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "心理健康标准中不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "恰当的自我评价", "B": "良好的人际关系和心境", "C": "较高的工作学习效率", "D": "稳定的生活环境"}, "answer": "稳定的生活环境", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "诊断腺癌的最确切的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "来源于腺上皮", "B": "肉眼呈溃疡型", "C": "无包膜形成", "D": "瘤细胞异型性明显,呈腺样排列"}, "answer": "瘤细胞异型性明显,呈腺样排列", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于硝苯地平的叙述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服吸收迅速而完全", "B": "主要的不良反应是低血压", "C": "可用于治疗心律失常", "D": "可用于治疗高血压和心绞痛"}, "answer": "可用于治疗心律失常", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "法洛四联症不应存在的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺动脉狭窄", "B": "右心室肥大", "C": "主动脉骑跨", "D": "动脉血氧饱和度>95%"}, "answer": "动脉血氧饱和度>95%", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "大体观察肺叶呈肺炎样外观,这可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺小细胞癌", "B": "鳞状细胞癌", "C": "细支气管肺泡癌", "D": "腺癌"}, "answer": "细支气管肺泡癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "强心苷对哪一种心衰的疗效最好?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺源性心脏病引起的", "B": "甲状腺功能亢进引起的", "C": "严重贫血引起的", "D": "高血压或瓣膜病引起的"}, "answer": "高血压或瓣膜病引起的", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "布氏杆菌引起的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "波状热", "B": "猩红热", "C": "肠热症", "D": "流行性出血热"}, "answer": "波状热", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,64岁。突发心悸4小时就诊。心电图示:P波消失,代之以f波,心室率130次/分,节律绝对不规则。为减慢心室率,应选择的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "美托洛尔", "B": "沙丁胺醇", "C": "利多卡因", "D": "新斯的明"}, "answer": "美托洛尔", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,12岁,昨晚进食海鲜,今晨开始畏寒,发热、腹痛,以左下腹甚,腹泻伴明显里急后重,大便8次,初为稀便,继之为黏液脓血便。2.对该病例首先采用的抗菌药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "喹诺酮类", "B": "氯霉索", "C": "庆大霉素", "D": "呋喃唑酮"}, "answer": "喹诺酮类", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "《医疗事故处理条例》规定,造成患者轻度残疾、器官组织损伤导致一般功能障碍的属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "一级医疗事故", "B": "二级医疗事故", "C": "三级医疗事故", "D": "四级医疗事故"}, "answer": "三级医疗事故", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.结核性脑膜炎早期表现(  )。", "options": {"A": "性情改变", "B": "呕吐", "C": "皮肤出现划痕征", "D": "频繁惊厥"}, "answer": "性情改变", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "潜伏性感染与病原携带状态不同之处在于前者(  )。", "options": {"A": "病原体可引起机体免疫应答", "B": "并非所有传染病都存在", "C": "可在一定条件下引起显性感染", "D": "病原体一般不排出体外"}, "answer": "病原体一般不排出体外", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "颅内压增高病人,腰穿放脑脊液后,突然呼吸停止,其原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小脑扁桃体疝", "B": "颞叶海马沟回疝", "C": "颅内压过低", "D": "脑血管意外"}, "answer": "小脑扁桃体疝", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,35岁,从高处跳下时,双下肢顿时感到无力。2.在急诊室骨科首先做的影像学检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "MRI", "B": "CT", "C": "X", "D": "B超"}, "answer": "X", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,46岁。患汽车恐惧症,不敢独自在马路上走,原因是怕车流,担心这些车辆要撞伤自己,治疗医师决定陪伴他站在马路边面对飞驰的汽车。该种治疗方法属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "暗示疗法", "B": "系统脱敏疗法", "C": "自我劝导疗法", "D": "冲击疗法"}, "answer": "冲击疗法", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,20岁。黏液脓血便伴里急后重1年,近2周腹痛加重,高热。体检:体温39.2℃,心率110次/分,贫血貌,腹部膨隆,全腹有压痛,肠鸣音消失。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溃疡性结肠炎并发中毒性巨结肠", "B": "结肠癌并发肠梗阻", "C": "肠易激综合征", "D": "结肠癌"}, "answer": "溃疡性结肠炎并发中毒性巨结肠", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "面部开放性损伤,伤后12小时就诊,此时应采取的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "清创后不缝合", "B": "清创后一期缝合", "C": "清创后延期缝合", "D": "清创后放引流条"}, "answer": "清创后一期缝合", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1岁半小儿,其父患浸润性肺结核,有咯血,小儿与父母同往,无任何症状,胸片未见异常,结核菌素试验阳性,应采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "继续观察,有症状治疗", "B": "口服异烟肼,疗程6~9个月", "C": "口服烟肼+链霉素肌注,疗程1年", "D": "定期复查胸片,发现病灶行抗结核治疗"}, "answer": "口服异烟肼,疗程6~9个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "上腹部汽车撞伤4小时,患者面色苍白,四肢厥冷,脉搏140次/分,血压60/40mmHg,全腹轻度压痛、肌紧张及反跳痛。首先考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃破裂", "B": "十二指肠破裂", "C": "肝脾破裂", "D": "腹膜后血肿"}, "answer": "肝脾破裂", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,30岁。B超发现右肾盂结石,大小2cm×1.5cm,合并轻度肾积水。首选的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体外冲击波碎石术", "B": "经皮肾镜碎石", "C": "肾盂切开取石", "D": "服用中药排石"}, "answer": "体外冲击波碎石术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,33岁。误服有机磷农药50m1,立即被其家人送往医院,该病人抢救成功的关键是(  )。", "options": {"A": "彻底洗胃", "B": "静脉注射毛花苷C", "C": "碘解磷定与阿托品合用", "D": "早期应用碘解磷定"}, "answer": "彻底洗胃", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于过敏性紫癜哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "本病是血管变态反应性疾病", "B": "儿童及青少年多见", "C": "肾型多出现于紫癜发生前", "D": "关节型多见于膝踝等大关节"}, "answer": "肾型多出现于紫癜发生前", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.肺炎球菌肺炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "起病急骤、寒战、高热", "B": "经治疗后肺部病变完全消退,肺组织恢复正常", "C": "两项都有", "D": "两项都无"}, "answer": "两项都有", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.tRNA反密码第1位上的Ⅰ与mRNA密码第3位上的A、C、U均可配对,属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "摆动性", "B": "连续性", "C": "简并性", "D": "特异性"}, "answer": "摆动性", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "已婚妇女,35岁。1年前曾人工流产并行绝育术,近3个月阴道不规则流血。妇科检查:子宫稍大,双附件医未查异常,尿HCG(+),胸片见右肺有1cm直径的两个阴影,边缘模糊。2.首选的治疗方法为(  )。", "options": {"A": "刮宫术", "B": "子宫全切术", "C": "化学药物治疗", "D": "后穹隆穿刺术"}, "answer": "化学药物治疗", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,45岁,G4P2。月经规律,白带增多半年,性交后阴道流血2个月。近3年未体检。妇科检查发现宫颈重度糜烂状,触血(+),子宫附件未见明显异常。宫颈活检组织病理报告为宫颈鳞状细胞癌,浸润深度为7mm。2.宜选择的手术方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "改良广泛性子宫切除术+盆腔淋巴结切除术", "B": "筋膜内全子宫切除术+盆腔淋巴结切除术", "C": "广泛子宫切除术+盆腔淋巴结切除术", "D": "筋膜外全子宫切除术+盆腔淋巴结切除术"}, "answer": "广泛子宫切除术+盆腔淋巴结切除术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "经产妇,35岁,停经12周,检查子宫远大于孕周。鉴别正常妊娠、多胎、异位妊娠的最好方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎儿监护", "B": "腹部X检查", "C": "B超检查", "D": "胎儿心电图"}, "answer": "B超检查", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.动脉导管未闭X线检查可见(  )。", "options": {"A": "右房、右室大", "B": "左房、左室大", "C": "左、右室大、左房也大", "D": "右室大"}, "answer": "左房、左室大", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肝性昏迷时,中枢神经系统的多巴胺合成减少,故应给予(  )。", "options": {"A": "多巴胺", "B": "复方氨基酸溶液", "C": "乙酰谷氨酰胺", "D": "左旋多巴"}, "answer": "左旋多巴", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.一氧化碳中毒(  )。", "options": {"A": "深昏迷,口唇呈樱桃红色", "B": "瞳孔缩小,出汗流涎", "C": "瞳孔扩大,谵妄幻觉", "D": "昏迷伴肌纤维颤动"}, "answer": "深昏迷,口唇呈樱桃红色", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "抗风湿治疗,选用肾上腺皮质激素的指征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏炎", "B": "多发性关节炎", "C": "舞蹈病", "D": "环形红斑"}, "answer": "心脏炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,39岁,商人,有冶游史,1周来发热,头痛,全身不适,无食欲,全身淋巴结均肿大,无痛。白细胞3.5×109/L,CD4/CD8为1.0,其他无特殊,此例可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "传染性单核细胞增多症", "B": "艾滋病", "C": "霍奇金病", "D": "钩体病"}, "answer": "艾滋病", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "尿路感染的易感因素不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "留置导尿管", "B": "神经源性膀胱", "C": "糖尿病", "D": "青年男性"}, "answer": "青年男性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列情况可以行乳腺癌保乳手术的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不同象限的多个病灶", "B": "患侧乳腺内有弥漫钙化灶", "C": "合并有硬皮病的患者", "D": "外上象限直径2cm肿瘤"}, "answer": "外上象限直径2cm肿瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "注意增强常发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "偏执型精神分裂症", "B": "单纯型精神分裂症", "C": "紧张型精神分裂症", "D": "慢性精神分裂症"}, "answer": "偏执型精神分裂症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,34岁。2个月来无痛性颈淋巴结肿大,间断发热3个月,体检:脾肋下4cm。1.此患者最常见的首发症状为(  )。", "options": {"A": "无痛性颈部及锁骨上淋巴结肿大", "B": "持续性或周期性发热", "C": "局部或全身皮肤瘙痒", "D": "贫血"}, "answer": "无痛性颈部及锁骨上淋巴结肿大", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女婴,8个月。水样便3天,10余次/日,呕吐3~4次/日,尿量减少。查体:体重8kg,眼窝凹陷,皮肤弹性差,四肢尚暖,血钠125mmol/L。1.该患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "重度低渗性脱水", "B": "中度低渗性脱水", "C": "中度等渗性脱水", "D": "轻度等渗性脱水"}, "answer": "中度低渗性脱水", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "深Ⅱ°烧伤深度已达(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮下脂肪层", "B": "表皮浅层", "C": "表皮生发层和真皮乳头层", "D": "真皮深层"}, "answer": "真皮深层", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "左侧小脑幕切迹疝最确切的解释是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左侧基底节受压左移", "B": "脑干受压左移", "C": "左侧颞叶钩回通过小脑幕切迹被推挤至幕下", "D": "左侧小脑幕挤压脑干"}, "answer": "左侧颞叶钩回通过小脑幕切迹被推挤至幕下", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.营养不良患儿发生心力衰竭的表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体重明显下降,全身消瘦", "B": "全身水肿,皮肤发亮,苍白", "C": "心音低钝,血压下降", "D": "突然面色苍白,神志不清"}, "answer": "心音低钝,血压下降", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "卵巢纤维瘤伴胸腹水形成称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "Meniere综合征", "B": "Down综合征", "C": "Meigs综合征", "D": "Cushing综合征"}, "answer": "Meigs综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "“医乃仁术”指医学道德是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医学的本质特征", "B": "医学活动的一般现象", "C": "医学的个别性质", "D": "个别医务人员的追求"}, "answer": "医学的本质特征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,55岁。突发右上腹痛伴高热18小时。既往胆总管结石2年,查体:T 39.4℃,P 124次/分,BP 60/40mmHg,一般情况差,皮肤巩膜黄染,四肢湿冷,心肺(-),右上腹有压痛、反跳痛,肌紧张(+),Murphy征(+)。首选的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急诊胆囊造瘘引流", "B": "抗休克治疗观察", "C": "急诊胆管减压,T形管引流", "D": "急诊胆囊切除术"}, "answer": "急诊胆管减压,T形管引流", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "霍乱最重要的传播途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生活接触", "B": "食物传播", "C": "苍蝇媒介", "D": "水型传播"}, "answer": "水型传播", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.男性,1岁,智能落后,表情呆滞,鼻梁低,舌宽大并常伸出口外,皮肤苍黄、粗糙,四肢粗短,腱反射减弱。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "唐氏综合征(21-三体综合征)", "B": "软骨发育不良", "C": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症", "D": "苯丙酮尿症"}, "answer": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "脑疝发生的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "眼压增高", "B": "颅内压增高的中期", "C": "颅内压增高的晚期", "D": "腰穿诱发"}, "answer": "颅内压增高的晚期", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.新生儿败血症的产前感染的途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "孕母有菌血症", "B": "阴道细菌上行", "C": "消化道入侵", "D": "黏膜破损"}, "answer": "阴道细菌上行", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医疗机构对限于设备或者技术条件不能诊治的病人,应当依法采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即抢救", "B": "及时转诊", "C": "继续观察", "D": "提请上级医院派人会诊"}, "answer": "及时转诊", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,42岁。双手指间关节疼痛半年,左腕关节肿痛4周。查体:左腕关节肿胀,压痛(+),双手第2、4、5近端指间关节压痛(+),无肿胀。化验:ESR 45mm/h,CRP 18.7mg/L(正常<8mg/L),RF(-),抗CCP抗体152 RU/ml(正常<5RU/ml)。1.该患者首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "强直性脊柱炎", "B": "风湿性关节炎", "C": "系统性红斑狼疮", "D": "类风湿关节炎"}, "answer": "类风湿关节炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,14岁,因阵发性心悸3年,再发2小时入院。查体无异常发现。心电图:心率180次/min,节律规则,QRS波群时限0.11秒,可见逆行P波。该患者最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "阵发性室上性心动过速", "B": "阵发性室性心动过速", "C": "室性心动过速", "D": "心房扑动"}, "answer": "阵发性室上性心动过速", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2岁,男孩,在以肺炎住院期间,突然自觉呼吸困难,全身中毒症状加重,频繁咳嗽不止,血压正常,此患儿出现了哪个并发症?(  )", "options": {"A": "支气管扩张", "B": "中毒性脑病", "C": "DIC", "D": "脓胸"}, "answer": "脓胸", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性炎症性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病的首发症状通常为(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸困难", "B": "双侧周围性面瘫", "C": "四肢远端对称性无力", "D": "排尿困难"}, "answer": "四肢远端对称性无力", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "我国重点监测的性传播疾病不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "生殖器疱疹", "B": "梅毒", "C": "阴道念珠菌病", "D": "尖锐湿疣"}, "answer": "阴道念珠菌病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "新斯的明最强的药理作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "兴奋骨骼肌", "B": "抑制心脏收缩,减慢心率", "C": "缩小瞳孔", "D": "促进腺体分泌"}, "answer": "兴奋骨骼肌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "合成前列腺素的前体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硬脂酸", "B": "花生四烯酸", "C": "油酸", "D": "亚油酸"}, "answer": "花生四烯酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,23岁,工人。发热,干咳一个月,发病时胸部X线片示肺纹理增多,先后使用“青霉素”、“头孢菌素”抗感染治疗半月余症状未见好转。查体:T 39.8℃,消瘦,双侧颈部可触及多个成串小淋巴结,双肺未闻及干湿啰音。PPD试验(-),胸部X线片示双肺弥漫分布直径约2mm的小结节影。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "真菌性肺炎", "B": "病毒性肺炎", "C": "急性粟粒性肺结核", "D": "细菌性肺炎"}, "answer": "急性粟粒性肺结核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,26岁,头晕1年,吞咽困难半年,舌乳头萎缩,血红蛋白50g/L,血小板130×1099/L,白细胞5.0×109/L,中性粒细胞0.7,淋巴0.3,应考虑什么病(  )。", "options": {"A": "巨幼细胞性贫血", "B": "食管癌并发贫血", "C": "缺铁性贫血", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "胎盘的组成包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "羊膜,叶状绒毛膜和底蜕膜", "B": "羊膜,平滑绒毛膜和包蜕膜", "C": "羊膜,叶状绒毛膜和包蜕膜", "D": "羊膜,平滑绒毛膜和底蜕膜"}, "answer": "羊膜,叶状绒毛膜和底蜕膜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不支持慢性粒细胞性白血病加速期的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "外周血中原始粒细胞≥5%", "B": "外周血嗜碱性粒细胞>20%", "C": "不明原因的血小板进行性减少", "D": "不明原因的血小板进行性增加"}, "answer": "外周血中原始粒细胞≥5%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列关于共同抗原的说法错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "两种不同的抗原之间存在相同或相似的抗原决定簇", "B": "共同抗原是异嗜性抗原的物质基础", "C": "共同抗原是抗“O”试验的依据", "D": "共同抗原是MG链球菌凝集试验的依据"}, "answer": "共同抗原是抗“O”试验的依据", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "免疫是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "机体识别排除抗原性异物的功能", "B": "机体清除自身衰老、死亡细胞的功能", "C": "机体抗感染的功能", "D": "机体清除和杀伤自身突变细胞的功能"}, "answer": "机体识别排除抗原性异物的功能", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,66岁。右上腹疼痛伴发热、寒战5天。糖尿病病史20年,胆石症胆囊切除术后2年。查体:巩膜黄染,心肺末见异常,肝肋下2cm,压痛(+),肝区叩击痛(+)。血常规:WBC 15×109/L,N 0.85。1.为明确诊断,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部B超", "B": "腹部X线平片", "C": "肝脏穿刺", "D": "静脉胆系造影"}, "answer": "腹部B超", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.对B群结核分枝杆菌最敏感的抗结核药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "异烟肼", "B": "利福平", "C": "吡嗪酰胺", "D": "以上均正确"}, "answer": "吡嗪酰胺", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "交感性眼炎由下列哪一因素引起的(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗同种型抗体", "B": "交叉反应性抗体", "C": "隐蔽抗原释放", "D": "修饰的抗原"}, "answer": "隐蔽抗原释放", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "确诊Rh溶血病的关键是(  )。", "options": {"A": "黄疸出现时间", "B": "黄疸严重程度", "C": "肝脾肿大程度", "D": "红细胞直接抗人球蛋白试验阳性"}, "answer": "红细胞直接抗人球蛋白试验阳性", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,15岁。全身水肿1周。查体:BP 120/70mmHg,腹部移动性浊音阳性。尿蛋白定量6.5g/d,沉渣RBC 0~2/HP。血白蛋白22g/L,胆固醇8mmol/L,BUN 6.5mmol/L,Scr 98μmol/L,ASO升高,血补体C3 0.88g/L(正常值0.8~1.5g/L),2.最可能的肾脏病理类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新月体型肾炎", "B": "微小病变型肾病", "C": "重度系膜增生性肾炎", "D": "系膜毛细血管性肾炎"}, "answer": "微小病变型肾病", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,男,3岁,生后半年发现智能落后,反复惊厥,且尿有鼠尿味,体检:目光呆滞,毛发棕黄,心脏正常,四肢肌张力高,膝反射亢进,尿三氯化铁试验阳性,可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯丙酮尿症", "B": "高精氨酸血症", "C": "组氨酸血症", "D": "肝糖原累积症"}, "answer": "苯丙酮尿症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,17岁,2周前感冒,持续发热37.8~38.5℃,10天前出现情绪不稳定,打父母,砸东西,有时胡言乱语,自语自笑。曾抽搐一次,二便失禁。入院体检:T 38℃,P 100次/分,BP 140/90mmHg,下肢肌张力增高,可疑病理征,CSF:潘氏阳性。精神检查:不认识父母,时间地点不清,表情呆滞,对答不切题,突然大笑。EEG:弥漫性慢波以额颞为主,伴阵发尖波。最不应当忽略的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒性脑炎所致精神障碍", "B": "精神分裂症", "C": "癔症", "D": "癫痫性精神障碍"}, "answer": "病毒性脑炎所致精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "宫内节育器的抗生育原理主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阻碍受精", "B": "抗孕激素", "C": "抗雌激素", "D": "干扰着床"}, "answer": "干扰着床", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "初次相见时的人际吸引主要源于(  )。", "options": {"A": "敬仰吸引", "B": "相似吸引", "C": "互补吸引", "D": "仪表吸引"}, "answer": "仪表吸引", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "以下哪种是人工被动免疫(  )。", "options": {"A": "注射菌苗", "B": "口服小儿麻痹糖丸", "C": "注射免疫球蛋白", "D": "注射类毒素"}, "answer": "注射免疫球蛋白", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "12岁女,左膝关节弥漫性肿胀已10个月,自觉轻度疼痛,无外伤史。检查见左膝关节肿胀,肌肉分层不清,骨质轻度疏松无破坏。可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "左膝关节结核性滑膜炎", "B": "左膝关节滑膜瘤", "C": "左膝关节风湿性关节炎", "D": "左膝关节类风湿性滑膜炎"}, "answer": "左膝关节结核性滑膜炎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.主要参与血浆晶体渗透压形成的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Na+", "B": "K+", "C": "Ca2+", "D": "球蛋白"}, "answer": "Na+", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,12岁。反复左腹部胀痛2年。查体:左腰部包块,质软,呈囊性感。B超提示左肾积水,肾皮质变薄。为了解左肾实质损害程度及分侧肾功能,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "KUB", "B": "血BUN、Cr", "C": "CT平扫", "D": "放射性核素肾显像"}, "answer": "放射性核素肾显像", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性脑综合征最多见的幻觉是(  )。", "options": {"A": "视幻觉", "B": "味幻觉", "C": "触幻觉", "D": "听幻觉"}, "answer": "视幻觉", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "混合食物由胃完全排空通常需要(  )。", "options": {"A": "2~3h", "B": "1~1.5h", "C": "4~6h", "D": "7~8h"}, "answer": "4~6h", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "被害妄想常发生于下列哪种疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "躁狂症", "C": "神经症", "D": "癔症"}, "answer": "精神分裂症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不属于肉芽组织成分的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血管内皮细胞", "B": "成纤维细胞", "C": "平滑肌细胞", "D": "肌纤维母细胞"}, "answer": "平滑肌细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "首先应考虑切除子宫止血的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "凝血功能障碍", "B": "胎盘大部植入", "C": "胎盘粘连", "D": "宫缩乏力"}, "answer": "胎盘大部植入", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,65岁,体检时胸部X线右下肺直径约2cm大小的类圆形结节影,患者无自觉症状,否认吸烟史,查体:双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿啰音,为进一步明确诊断,下列检查中应首选的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "痰细胞学检查", "B": "血清肿瘤标志物", "C": "支气管镜检查", "D": "胸部增强CT"}, "answer": "胸部增强CT", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.合成磷脂时,除消耗ATP外,还消耗(  )。", "options": {"A": "ATP", "B": "CTP", "C": "UTP", "D": "TFP"}, "answer": "CTP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于科研医德和医学科研关系的描述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "科研医德是医学科研的价值目标", "B": "科研医德是医学科研的重要内容之一", "C": "科研医德是医学科研的中心环节", "D": "科研医德是医学科研的重要评价标准"}, "answer": "科研医德是医学科研的中心环节", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "潜伏性感染的意义是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病原体与人体相互作用,保持暂时性平衡,当人体防御功能减弱时,可引起疾病", "B": "病原体侵入人体后,只引起轻微症状", "C": "病原体侵入人体发生免疫反应,不出现症状", "D": "病原体侵入人体,引起免疫反应,不出现症状"}, "answer": "病原体与人体相互作用,保持暂时性平衡,当人体防御功能减弱时,可引起疾病", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.用于描述连续型变量资料频率分布的统计图是(  )。", "options": {"A": "散点图", "B": "圆图", "C": "直条图", "D": "直方图"}, "answer": "直方图", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男孩,6岁,咳嗽伴喘息1天,无发热。既往有反复喘息发作4~5次。其外祖父患有支气管哮喘。查体:呼吸急促,可见轻度三凹征,呼气相延长,双肺满布哮鸣音。目前应首选的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸入沙丁胺醇", "B": "口服白三烯调节剂", "C": "口服西替利嗪", "D": "静脉滴注青霉素"}, "answer": "吸入沙丁胺醇", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "神经衰弱的临床表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "疲劳、睡眠障碍、头痛", "B": "抑郁、轻生观念", "C": "遗忘、智力减退", "D": "呆滞、平淡、懒散"}, "answer": "疲劳、睡眠障碍、头痛", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "初孕妇,28岁,妊娠36周,血压升高3周。今晨突然腹痛,呈持续性,阵发性加重。BP 150/98mmHg,心率112次/min,尿蛋白(++),阴道少量流血。2.最可能出现的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "前置胎盘", "B": "子宫肌癌红色变样", "C": "胎盘早剥", "D": "先兆子宫破裂"}, "answer": "胎盘早剥", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "乳头肌断裂致急性二尖瓣关闭不全时,下列描述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左心室大小无明显变化", "B": "可无症状", "C": "左心房明显扩大", "D": "心电图示Sv1+Rv3>4.0mV"}, "answer": "左心室大小无明显变化", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "情绪的认知学说是由谁提出来的?(  )", "options": {"A": "坎农", "B": "林斯利", "C": "帕佩兹和麦克林", "D": "沙赫特"}, "answer": "帕佩兹和麦克林", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿消化系统解剖特点下述哪一项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "婴儿胃呈水平位", "B": "新生儿贲门括约肌发育不成熟", "C": "婴儿幽门括约肌发育不成熟", "D": "婴儿肠道相对较长道相对较长"}, "answer": "婴儿幽门括约肌发育不成熟", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "青霉素类引起的过敏性休克首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "异丙肾上腺素", "B": "去甲肾上腺素", "C": "肾上腺素", "D": "多巴胺"}, "answer": "肾上腺素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,20天,过期产儿。出生体重4.2kg,哭声低哑,反应迟钝,食量少,黄疸未退,便秘,体重低,腹胀。该患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺功能减低症", "B": "先天性巨结肠", "C": "苯丙酮尿症", "D": "黏多糖病"}, "answer": "甲状腺功能减低症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项为可有痉挛性斜颈表现的病?(  )", "options": {"A": "帕金森病", "B": "舞蹈病", "C": "脑干疾病", "D": "肌张力障碍"}, "answer": "肌张力障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.细胞受刺激时膜内电位负值减小称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "极化", "B": "去极化", "C": "超极化", "D": "反极化"}, "answer": "去极化", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "CO中毒时下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "老人应与脑血管意外鉴别", "B": "老人和孩子易患", "C": "严重中毒血液COHb浓度可高于50%", "D": "应立即原地抢救"}, "answer": "应立即原地抢救", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5岁男孩,夏季高热1天,腹泻6~7次,为黏液性脓血便,腹痛伴里急后重,反复惊厥,逐渐出现昏睡、神志不清,病前吃过未洗的黄瓜,诊断为细菌性痢疾。其临床类型属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "轻型", "B": "重型", "C": "中毒型", "D": "慢性型"}, "answer": "中毒型", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,52岁。上腹痛伴进行性黄疸1个月,感觉乏力、食欲不振,症状逐渐加重。查体:腹部膨隆,腹软,未触及包块,肠鸣音弱,CA199和CEA增高。为诊断和设计手术方案,最有意义的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ERCP", "B": "MRI", "C": "上消化道钡餐造影", "D": "增强CT"}, "answer": "增强CT", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,36岁。体检发现胆囊结石。既往无右上腹疼痛、发热及黄疸等症状。血常规正常,血糖5.6mmol/L。该患者可以行胆囊切除术的指征不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "有心肺功能障碍者", "B": "既往有糖尿病病史", "C": "胆囊内结石直径小于1cm", "D": "合并瓷化胆囊"}, "answer": "胆囊内结石直径小于1cm", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "诊断原发性不孕的依据为(  )。", "options": {"A": "结婚2年,未避孕1年,未孕", "B": "结婚3年,未避孕,自然流产后未孕", "C": "结婚4年,避孕套避孕,近2年未避孕未孕", "D": "结婚4年,人工流产1次,近2年未避孕未孕"}, "answer": "结婚2年,未避孕1年,未孕", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.使形成原生质体的细菌发生融合、获得多种类型重组融合体称(  )。", "options": {"A": "转导", "B": "溶原性转换", "C": "接合", "D": "原生质体融合"}, "answer": "原生质体融合", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,39岁,反复四肢无力3月,咳嗽3天。肢体无力在活动后加重,休息后减轻。检查:双肺少量啰音,右侧上睑下垂,双瞳孔等大,四肢肌力4级,感觉正常,疲劳试验阳性,强的松治疗有效。1.以下诊断最准确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "重症肌无力中度全身型", "B": "重症肌无力合并危象", "C": "重症肌无力轻度全身型", "D": "重症肌无力轻度全身型合并肺感染"}, "answer": "重症肌无力轻度全身型合并肺感染", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,44岁,有咳嗽,咳痰史5年,伴喘息,入院前3天因受寒咳嗽,喘加重,咳黄痰入院,入院时查体,桶状胸,叩诊过清音,肺肝界右锁中线第七肋间,双肺干、湿啰音及散在哮鸣音,肺功能:FEV1/FVC为56%,MVV60%,VC降低,RV/TLC为43%。住院第2天,下床时用力过度出现胸痛,呼吸困难,查体:右胸叩诊鼓音,呼吸音消失,发绀。2.此患者诊断阻塞性肺气肿最重要的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "FEV1/FVC%↓", "B": "RV↑", "C": "RV/TLC>40%", "D": "VC↓"}, "answer": "FEV1/FVC%↓", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.肺循环血量减少见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "主动脉缩窄", "D": "法洛四联征"}, "answer": "法洛四联征", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "血浆中能与铁结合的转铁蛋白称(  )。", "options": {"A": "未饱和铁结合力", "B": "铁蛋白", "C": "转铁蛋白", "D": "总铁结合力"}, "answer": "总铁结合力", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,55岁,双下肢无力半年,右侧明显,近2个月行走不稳,右手不能扣纽扣,无外伤史,无发热。查体:颈背部无明显压痛,两上肢前臂、手及上臂尺侧皮肤感觉减退,右侧尤其明显,四肢肌张力增高,肱二头肌反射亢进,双侧膝踝反射亢进,右髌阵挛阳性,右巴宾斯基征阳性。6.下述哪一项对该病人最不利?(  )", "options": {"A": "枕头过高", "B": "长时间低头伏案写作", "C": "颈部突然前后摆动", "D": "牵引"}, "answer": "颈部突然前后摆动", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1997年冬,某县卫生防疫站于某被派下乡了解疾病发生情况。调查中得知某乡有一病人患流行性出血热去外地住院,但于某既未向防疫站反映,也未采取任何措施,却在乡干部家玩了3天。此时,该村已有9人患该病住院。依据传染病防治法,于某可能承担的法律责任是(  )。", "options": {"A": "行政处分", "B": "民事赔偿", "C": "行政处罚", "D": "批评教育"}, "answer": "行政处分", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "青年患者,患胸椎结核,经1年抗结核治疗未见好转,近1个月有截瘫趋势,其治疗应选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "继续抗结核药物+石膏床固定", "B": "施行胸椎病灶清除及椎管减压术", "C": "施行胸椎融合术", "D": "采用椎管内注射链霉素,每日1次,共3个月"}, "answer": "施行胸椎病灶清除及椎管减压术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.人体活动的直接代谢物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄糖", "B": "硬脂酸", "C": "三磷酸腺苷", "D": "磷酸肌醇"}, "answer": "三磷酸腺苷", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "临产后阴道检查的指征。不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肛查发现疑有脐带脱垂或头盆不称", "B": "阴道流血多,应在严密消毒下做阴道检查", "C": "可疑有头盆不称", "D": "疑有前置胎盘者"}, "answer": "疑有前置胎盘者", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "7岁患儿,患急性肾炎,浮肿明显,每日尿量200ml,血压18/14kPa,呼吸困难,不能平卧,恶心,呕吐,头昏伴惊厥一次。3.目前治疗的重点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲泼尼龙冲击", "B": "口服泼尼松", "C": "静点头孢三嗪", "D": "静滴硝普钠"}, "answer": "静滴硝普钠", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.肌肉拉力可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "粉碎性骨折", "B": "病理性骨折", "C": "压缩性骨折", "D": "撕脱性骨折"}, "answer": "撕脱性骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "弧菌主要分布在(  )。", "options": {"A": "空气", "B": "水", "C": "土壤", "D": "人体肠道"}, "answer": "水", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1型糖尿病与2型糖尿病,最主要的区别在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "发生酮症酸中毒的倾向不同", "B": "症状轻重不同", "C": "胰岛素的基础水平与释放曲线不同", "D": "血糖稳定性不同"}, "answer": "胰岛素的基础水平与释放曲线不同", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,50岁,在饮酒中出现言语不清、呕吐,随即昏迷。查体:血压210/120mmHg,双眼球向左共同偏视,右鼻唇沟浅,右侧肢体坠落试验(+),对针刺无反应,临床诊断脑出血。与脑栓塞的鉴别中首选的检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑血管造影", "B": "腰穿", "C": "头颅CT检查", "D": "头部MRI检查"}, "answer": "头颅CT检查", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,33岁。咳嗽,痰中带血伴乏力2周,胸部X线片显示左上肺少量斑片状阴影,可见少许不规则透亮区,未见液平。为明确诊断,宜首先采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "痰涂片抗酸染色", "B": "痰细菌培养+药敏", "C": "痰涂片找真菌", "D": "痰涂片找含铁血黄素细胞"}, "answer": "痰涂片抗酸染色", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于中度敌百虫中毒患者,以下哪项有误?(  )", "options": {"A": "缓解后观察3~5天,注意病情变化", "B": "立即用2%NaHCO3水10000ml彻底洗胃", "C": "根据病情和治疗反应调整药物剂量", "D": "及早用阿托品和双复磷"}, "answer": "立即用2%NaHCO3水10000ml彻底洗胃", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,65岁。反复咳嗽、咳痰、喘息30年,加重5天。查体:桶状胸,双肺满布哮鸣音,血气分析PaO2 56mmHg,PaCO2 55mmHg。此时该患者呼吸功能检查结果最可能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "VC正常、FEV1%正常、RV/TLC<40%", "B": "VC降低、FEV1%正常、RV/TLC<40%", "C": "VC降低、FEV1%增加、RV/TLC>40%", "D": "VC降低、FEV1%降低、RV/TLC>40%"}, "answer": "VC降低、FEV1%降低、RV/TLC>40%", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪项是可致肾素分泌增多的因素?(  )", "options": {"A": "入球小动脉血压降低", "B": "血K+升高", "C": "血Na+降低", "D": "致密斑活动降低"}, "answer": "入球小动脉血压降低", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.垂体后叶储存的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ADH", "B": "PRL", "C": "GnRH", "D": "CRH"}, "answer": "ADH", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.精氨酸可分解产生(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿酸", "B": "尿囊酸", "C": "尿囊素", "D": "尿素"}, "answer": "尿素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2岁,多次患肺炎,胸片示肺纹理增多,左心房、左心室大,主动脉影增宽,应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "室间隔缺损", "B": "动脉导管未闭", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "艾森曼格综合征"}, "answer": "动脉导管未闭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,61岁。半年内出现3次突然不能言语,每次持续30分钟左右,第3次伴右肢体麻木,既往有房颤病史,神经系统检查正常,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癫痫小发作", "B": "颈椎病", "C": "短暂性脑缺血发作", "D": "顶叶肿瘤"}, "answer": "短暂性脑缺血发作", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "鼠疫杆菌产生的鼠毒素与一般外毒素的区别是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不可用甲醛脱毒及制备类毒素", "B": "免疫动物不能产生抗毒紊", "C": "由质粒控制", "D": "菌细胞裂解或自溶才能释放"}, "answer": "菌细胞裂解或自溶才能释放", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性心包炎时心包摩擦音的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "在胸廓下部闻及", "B": "与心搏一致", "C": "吸气末明显", "D": "仰卧位时最明显"}, "answer": "与心搏一致", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某足月孕妇规律宫缩10小时入院。检查宫口开大4cm,胎儿头S=0。4小时后检查宫开大8cm,胎儿头S-1。又2小时后检查,宫口开大仍8cm,胎儿头S+1。盆腔后部空虚,宫颈前唇水肿,胎心正常,产妇阵阵向下屏气用力。此时最可能的胎方位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "枕前位", "B": "枕后位", "C": "胎儿头高直位", "D": "前不均倾位"}, "answer": "枕后位", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "术后早期恶心、呕吐常见的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠梗阻", "B": "颅内压增高", "C": "麻醉反应", "D": "低血钾"}, "answer": "麻醉反应", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.膜攻击复合体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "C", "B": "C5a", "C": "C4a2a", "D": "C"}, "answer": "C", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "判断脊柱骨折脱位是否并发脊髓损伤,下列哪项检查最重要?(  )", "options": {"A": "CT", "B": "MRI", "C": "神经系统检查", "D": "腰穿作奎肯试验及脑脊液生化检查"}, "answer": "神经系统检查", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "腹壁静脉曲张患者,脐以上血流方向由下至上,脐以下血流由上至下。该患者应考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "下腔静脉阻塞", "B": "门静脉高压或门静脉阻塞", "C": "髂内静脉阻塞", "D": "右心衰竭"}, "answer": "门静脉高压或门静脉阻塞", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.控制间日疟发作的首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吡喹酮", "B": "氯喹", "C": "乙胺嘧啶", "D": "奎宁"}, "answer": "氯喹", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1岁小儿,高热剧烈呕吐2天入院,经腰穿脑脊液检查,确诊为“化脓性脑膜炎”。近1日昏睡,意识不清,颈强(+),反复抽搐,给予相应处理后,持续高热,并出现双瞳孔不等大,肢体张力增强,下一步紧急处理为(  )。", "options": {"A": "配伍更有效抗生素", "B": "给予地塞米松静点", "C": "20%甘露醇脱水", "D": "给予呋塞米脱水"}, "answer": "20%甘露醇脱水", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是能翻转肾上腺素的升压作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "N受体阻断药", "B": "M受体阻断药", "C": "β受体阻断药", "D": "α受体阻断药"}, "answer": "α受体阻断药", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "半数有效量(ED50)是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "引起50%动物中毒的剂量", "B": "引起50%动物产生阳性反应的剂量", "C": "和50%受体结合的剂量", "D": "达到50%有效血药浓度的剂量"}, "answer": "引起50%动物产生阳性反应的剂量", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列属于微需氧菌的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑膜炎双球菌", "B": "幽门螺旋杆菌", "C": "结核分枝杆菌", "D": "产气荚膜杆菌"}, "answer": "幽门螺旋杆菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.新生儿极重度贫血是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "血红蛋白<30g/L", "B": "血红蛋白<60g/L", "C": "血红蛋白60~90g/L", "D": "血红蛋白90~120g/L"}, "answer": "血红蛋白<60g/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "铁剂治疗缺铁性贫血时,最早显示疗效的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "网织红细胞增多", "B": "血红蛋白及红细胞增多", "C": "口唇色泽开始变红", "D": "血小板增多"}, "answer": "网织红细胞增多", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医师除正当治疗外,不得使用(  )。", "options": {"A": "消毒药剂", "B": "有禁忌证的药品", "C": "副作用大的药品", "D": "麻醉药品"}, "answer": "麻醉药品", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "以下哪项属于人的生理需要(  )。", "options": {"A": "信息刺激的需要", "B": "避免伤害的需要", "C": "社会赞许的需要", "D": "好奇的需要"}, "answer": "避免伤害的需要", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,40岁,不规则发热半年余,反复抗菌治疗无效,明显消瘦,侨居国外多年,临床考虑是否同艾滋病有关,下述检查最有价值的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部CT", "B": "痰培养", "C": "HIV分离", "D": "CD4/CD8值,CD4计数"}, "answer": "CD4/CD8值,CD4计数", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.符合再生障碍性贫血的表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓巨核细胞增多,大多为颗粒型巨核细胞", "B": "骨髓巨核细胞数量显著减少", "C": "骨髓巨核细胞增多,原始巨核细胞显著增多", "D": "骨髓巨核细胞增多,小巨核细胞增多"}, "answer": "骨髓巨核细胞数量显著减少", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "心肌有效不应期较长的主要作用为(  )。", "options": {"A": "使心肌产生“全或无”式收缩", "B": "避免心肌发生强直收缩", "C": "便于窦房结控制心节律", "D": "使心房和心室交替收缩"}, "answer": "避免心肌发生强直收缩", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,36岁。患十二指肠溃疡3年。运动后头晕、出冷汗,吐鲜血数口。查体:呼吸浅促,脉搏细速,血压降为80/60mmHg。估计其出血量至少大于(  )。", "options": {"A": "300ml", "B": "500ml", "C": "600ml", "D": "800ml"}, "answer": "800ml", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪一种情况不是狭窄性腱鞘炎的体征?(  )", "options": {"A": "弹响指", "B": "扳机指", "C": "鼓槌指", "D": "握拳尺偏试验阳性"}, "answer": "鼓槌指", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "病变好发于直肠和乙状结肠的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠结核", "B": "大肠癌", "C": "克罗恩病", "D": "溃疡性结肠炎"}, "answer": "溃疡性结肠炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "致病菌侵入脑膜最常见的途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "经邻近组织感染,如中耳炎", "B": "经脑穿通伤", "C": "经血行感染", "D": "经皮肤窦道"}, "answer": "经血行感染", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "预防肾综合征出血热,关键性措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "防鼠、灭鼠", "B": "注射球蛋白", "C": "预防接种", "D": "防止皮肤破损"}, "answer": "防鼠、灭鼠", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2004年修订的《传染病防治法》中新增加的乙类传染病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "艾滋病与钩端螺旋体病", "B": "登革热与炭疽", "C": "布氏杆菌病与梅毒", "D": "传染性非典型肺炎与人感染高致病性禽流感"}, "answer": "传染性非典型肺炎与人感染高致病性禽流感", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于母乳喂养,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生后12小时开始喂养", "B": "生后第一个月不需定时喂哺", "C": "每次喂乳15~20分钟", "D": "10~12个月可逐渐完全断奶"}, "answer": "生后12小时开始喂养", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医疗机构的医务人员违反献血法规定,将不符合国家规定标准的血液用于患者的,可能承担下列法律责任,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "民事赔偿", "B": "责令改正", "C": "罚款", "D": "刑事责任"}, "answer": "罚款", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,20岁。因乏力、纳差1个月,尿少、水肿及高血压1周。实验室检查发现贫血、血尿、蛋白尿,补体C3正常,血肌酐和尿素氮均升高。B超双肾增大,临床诊断为急性肾衰竭。5.Ⅰ型急进性肾炎进展至终末期肾衰竭后,何时可行肾移植?(  )", "options": {"A": "随时可以", "B": "抗GBM抗体转阴后", "C": "抗GBM抗体转阴后半年", "D": "经血浆置换及激素、细胞毒药物治疗后"}, "answer": "抗GBM抗体转阴后半年", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.上述哪项是促进胃液分泌的因素(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆盐与缩胆囊素", "B": "乙酰胆碱与组胺", "C": "盐酸与脂肪", "D": "抑胃肽与缩胆囊素"}, "answer": "乙酰胆碱与组胺", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "超急性排斥反应的病理变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性血管炎", "B": "急性间质炎", "C": "血管内凝血", "D": "间质纤维化"}, "answer": "血管内凝血", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,2岁,因体格智力发育落后来诊。查检:表情呆滞,两眼距宽,两眼外侧上斜,鼻梁低平,舌常伸出口外,通贯手。该患者诊断考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "18-三体综合征", "B": "21-三体综合征", "C": "苯丙酮尿症", "D": "黏多糖病"}, "answer": "21-三体综合征", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肠阿米巴病的病理特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "黏膜呈颗粒状", "B": "黏膜表浅溃疡", "C": "黏膜糜烂", "D": "口小底大烧瓶样溃疡"}, "answer": "口小底大烧瓶样溃疡", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "人类免疫缺陷病毒的感染细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD4+细胞", "B": "CD8+细胞", "C": "红细胞", "D": "血小板"}, "answer": "CD4+细胞", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "血源性肺脓肿最常见的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大肠杆菌", "B": "产气杆菌", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "D": "肺炎杆菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不属于青霉素G不良反应的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "荨麻疹", "B": "赫氏反应", "C": "听力减退", "D": "过敏性休克"}, "answer": "听力减退", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,38岁。人工流产术后2年出现痛经,进行性加重,需服用止痛药物。妇科检查:子宫后倾屈,如妊娠50天大小,呈球形,质硬,活动受限。B超检查示子宫肌层回声不均匀,局部有短线状增强。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "盆腔结核", "B": "子宫内膜炎", "C": "子宫腺肌病", "D": "子宫肌瘤"}, "answer": "子宫腺肌病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "终末期慢性肾衰竭的最主要死亡原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脑血管并发症", "B": "严重感染", "C": "严重电解质紊乱", "D": "消化道大出血"}, "answer": "心脑血管并发症", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "HIV主要侵犯的靶细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD8+T淋巴细胞", "B": "B淋巴细胞", "C": "自然杀伤细胞", "D": "CD4+T淋巴细胞"}, "answer": "CD4+T淋巴细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者女性,45岁,左乳房外上象限4cm×3cm肿块,距乳头5cm,可推动。但是病人双手叉腰时肿块活动度明显受限,左腋窝未扪及肿大淋巴结。2.若确诊为乳腺癌,手术方式应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺癌根治术", "B": "乳腺癌扩大根治术", "C": "保留胸大、小肌的乳腺癌改良根治术", "D": "保留乳房的乳腺癌切除术"}, "answer": "乳腺癌根治术", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是有机磷农药中毒的机制?(  )", "options": {"A": "抑制磷酸二酯酶", "B": "抑制胆碱酯酶", "C": "抑制腺苷酸环化酶", "D": "直接激动胆碱受体"}, "answer": "抑制胆碱酯酶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.未成熟型畸胎瘤属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "早期癌", "B": "良性肿瘤", "C": "恶性肿瘤", "D": "癌前病变"}, "answer": "恶性肿瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.交感和副交感神经节前纤维释放的递质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素", "B": "去甲肾上腺素", "C": "乙酰胆碱", "D": "多巴胺"}, "answer": "乙酰胆碱", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一男性患者一个月前感到疲劳、食欲差、发热、咳嗽、咳痰带血丝,取咳痰进行抗酸染色,镜下见到红色细长弯曲、分枝的杆菌,试问该细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "克雷伯肺炎杆菌", "B": "白喉杆菌", "C": "结核杆菌", "D": "流感杆菌"}, "answer": "结核杆菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.恐惧小组讨论发言(  )。", "options": {"A": "广泛性焦虑", "B": "社交恐怖", "C": "广场恐怖", "D": "单纯恐怖"}, "answer": "社交恐怖", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某中年男患者因心脏病发作被送到急诊室,症状及检查结果均明确提示心肌梗死。患者很清醒,但拒绝住院,坚持要回家。此时医生应该(  )。", "options": {"A": "尊重患者自主权,但应尽力劝导患者住院,无效时办好相关手续", "B": "尊重患者自主权,自己无任何责任,同意他回家", "C": "行使医生自主权,为治病救人,强行把患者留在医院", "D": "行使家长权,为救治病人,强行把患者留在医院"}, "answer": "尊重患者自主权,但应尽力劝导患者住院,无效时办好相关手续", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "子宫内膜癌已累及宫颈间质,其分期应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "ⅠB期", "B": "ⅠA期", "C": "ⅡB期", "D": "Ⅳ期"}, "answer": "ⅡB期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "治疗恶性贫血时,宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服维生素B12", "B": "肌注维生素B12", "C": "肌注右旋糖酐铁", "D": "肌注叶酸"}, "answer": "肌注维生素B12", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "早期诊断麻疹最有意义的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有感冒接触史", "B": "发热、流涕、咳嗽", "C": "手、足出现红色斑丘疹", "D": "Koplik斑(麻疹粘膜斑)"}, "answer": "Koplik斑(麻疹粘膜斑)", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.酶活性极低,但不变性的温度是(  )。", "options": {"A": "温度60℃以上时", "B": "温度80℃以上时", "C": "温度0~35℃时", "D": "温度0℃以下时"}, "answer": "温度0℃以下时", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "判断脊柱骨折脱位是否并发脊髓损伤,下述哪一项检查最重要?(  )", "options": {"A": "X线摄片", "B": "MRI", "C": "神经系统检查", "D": "腰穿做奎肯试验及脑脊液生化检查"}, "answer": "神经系统检查", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肺孢子菌肺炎治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯霉素", "B": "卡泊芬净", "C": "克林霉素", "D": "复方新诺明"}, "answer": "复方新诺明", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄患者,最常见的心律失常是(  )。", "options": {"A": "室性期前收缩", "B": "心房颤动与扑动", "C": "室性心动过速", "D": "束支传导阻滞"}, "answer": "心房颤动与扑动", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性30岁,既往健康,晨起发病,四肢无力,进行性加重,2天后来诊。查体:脑神经正常,四肢肌力0级,腱反射弱,病理反射阴性,无感觉障碍。1.首先应考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癔病性瘫痪", "B": "格林—巴利综合征", "C": "周期性麻痹", "D": "急性脊髓炎"}, "answer": "格林—巴利综合征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "颅内血肿的手术指征不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "有局灶性脑损害体征", "B": "颅内压>2.7kPa,并继续升高", "C": "CT示血肿幕上者>30ml,幕下者>20ml", "D": "意识障碍加重"}, "answer": "CT示血肿幕上者>30ml,幕下者>20ml", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一婴儿诊断为散发性甲状腺功能减低症,不正确的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应终身服用甲状腺片", "B": "供给各种维生素及矿物质", "C": "需加用碘剂治疗", "D": "需供给充足的蛋白质"}, "answer": "需加用碘剂治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "结核分枝杆菌化学组成最显著的特点是含有大量的(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋白质", "B": "脂类", "C": "RNA", "D": "磷壁酸"}, "answer": "脂类", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.受吊销医师执业证书行政处罚,自处罚之日起不满二年的(  )。", "options": {"A": "从事医师执业活动", "B": "申请执业医师注册", "C": "不予医师执业注册", "D": "注销执业医师注册"}, "answer": "不予医师执业注册", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "大量失血时,首先出现的反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑和心脏的血管收缩", "B": "循环血液中儿茶酚胺减少", "C": "肾脏排出Na+增多", "D": "外周阻力增加"}, "answer": "外周阻力增加", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "可确诊反流性食管炎的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "食管测压异常", "B": "胃镜发现食管下段黏膜破损", "C": "反酸、烧心症状", "D": "13C尿素呼气试验阳性"}, "answer": "胃镜发现食管下段黏膜破损", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肱骨外上髁炎的治疗措施中,下述哪一项不妥?(  )", "options": {"A": "压痛点醋酸泼尼松龙注射", "B": "理疗", "C": "加强腕关节背伸抗阻运动练习", "D": "伸肌总腱起点神经血管束切除结扎术"}, "answer": "加强腕关节背伸抗阻运动练习", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下生理性与病理性因素中,不影响颅内压变化的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑脊液动力学改变", "B": "脑组织血流改变", "C": "脑组织肿胀", "D": "颅骨密度改变"}, "answer": "颅骨密度改变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "甲状腺癌根治术时,Ⅵ区(中央区)淋巴结清扫是指清扫(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈内静脉中群淋巴结", "B": "颈后三角淋巴结", "C": "前上纵隔淋巴结", "D": "颈总动脉内缘至气管旁的淋巴结"}, "answer": "颈总动脉内缘至气管旁的淋巴结", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是迟发型超敏反应中最重要的细胞?(  )", "options": {"A": "Mφ", "B": "B细胞", "C": "Th1", "D": "Th2"}, "answer": "Th1", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症,应该给补充钙剂治疗,正确的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "10%葡萄糖酸钙5~10ml加入10%~25%葡萄糖溶液10~20ml中,缓慢静脉注射", "B": "10%葡萄糖酸钙5~10ml加入10%~25%葡萄糖溶液10~20ml中,缓慢肌肉注射", "C": "10%葡萄糖酸钙5~10ml加入10%~25%葡萄糖溶液10~20ml中,缓慢皮下注射", "D": "10%葡萄糖酸钙5~10ml加入10%~25%葡萄糖溶液10~20ml中,缓慢气管滴入"}, "answer": "10%葡萄糖酸钙5~10ml加入10%~25%葡萄糖溶液10~20ml中,缓慢静脉注射", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列各项中不属于传染病基本特征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有病原体", "B": "有传染性", "C": "有流行病学特征", "D": "有后遗症"}, "answer": "有后遗症", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "26岁已婚女性,停经6周,少量阴道流血2天,突感下腹坠痛及肛门坠胀感,伴头晕呕吐半天。查体:面色苍白,血压90/60mmHg,右下腹压痛、反跳痛、腹肌紧张。妇科检查:阴道少量血性物,宫颈举痛(+),后穹隆饱满,子宫稍大,附件区触诊不满意。2.为明确诊断,首选辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血常规及出凝血时间", "B": "后穹隆穿刺", "C": "尿妊娠试验", "D": "B型超声检查"}, "answer": "后穹隆穿刺", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,27岁,尿频,尿急,尿痛1年,一般抗炎治疗不好转,时有低热无力,尿检:白细胞20~30个/HP,红细胞5~8个/HP,肾图:右肾严重受损,左肾积水,初诊为肾结核。3.检查结果左肾功能不佳,现在最佳的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右肾切除", "B": "结核药物治疗", "C": "右肾切除,左肾造瘘", "D": "抗结核治疗+左肾造瘘"}, "answer": "抗结核治疗+左肾造瘘", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.受吊销医师执业证书行政处罚,自处罚之日起不满二年的(  )。", "options": {"A": "中止医师执业活动", "B": "申请执业医师注册", "C": "不予医师执业注册", "D": "注销执业医师注册"}, "answer": "不予医师执业注册", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "双腕关节肿痛伴晨僵最常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "风湿性关节炎", "B": "类风湿关节炎", "C": "骨性关节炎", "D": "痛风"}, "answer": "类风湿关节炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.可导致弥散性血管内凝血(DIC)的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性粒细胞白血病", "B": "急性早幼粒细胞白血病", "C": "急性单核细胞白血病", "D": "红白血病"}, "answer": "急性早幼粒细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "原发性肾病综合征患者,若病理类型为微小病变型,首选的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖皮质激素", "B": "环磷酰胺", "C": "霉酚酸酯", "D": "苯丁酸氮芥"}, "answer": "糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于肝素,哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "肝素过量能引起骨质疏松", "B": "肝素不能口服", "C": "肝素用量越大,其抗凝活性半衰期越长", "D": "肝素只在体外有抗凝血作用"}, "answer": "肝素只在体外有抗凝血作用", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "钩端螺旋体病的临床表现(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热、咳嗽、咳白色黏痰", "B": "长期持续高热", "C": "发热、头痛、结膜充血、腓肠肌痛", "D": "发热、恶心、呕吐、腹痛"}, "answer": "发热、头痛、结膜充血、腓肠肌痛", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "与病理性缩复环关系密切的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "臀先露", "B": "面先露", "C": "胎头高直位", "D": "嵌顿性肩先露"}, "answer": "嵌顿性肩先露", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在雌、孕激素作用下,出现周期性变化最显著的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫内膜", "B": "宫颈上皮", "C": "输卵管黏膜", "D": "阴道黏膜"}, "answer": "子宫内膜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.仅浸润黏膜层及黏膜下层的胃肠道癌为(  )。", "options": {"A": "早期胃癌", "B": "良性肿瘤", "C": "恶性肿瘤", "D": "交界性肿瘤"}, "answer": "早期胃癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "诊断急性纤维蛋白性心包炎最具特征性的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热伴胸痛", "B": "心电图ST-T改变", "C": "胸骨左缘3~4肋间闻及心包摩擦音", "D": "Ewart征"}, "answer": "胸骨左缘3~4肋间闻及心包摩擦音", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,60岁。冠心病患者,稍事活动后即可有心悸、气短,根据其临床表现可诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "心功能Ⅱ级", "B": "心功能Ⅲ级", "C": "心功能Ⅳ级", "D": "心功能0级伴老年性肺水肿"}, "answer": "心功能Ⅱ级", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项为医务人员在履行医德义务过程中形成的深切的道德责任感和自我评价能力?(  )", "options": {"A": "医德范畴", "B": "医德义务", "C": "医德良心", "D": "医德情感"}, "answer": "医德良心", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩,5岁。持续高热1周。查体:T 39℃,P 128次/分,R 36次/分。热病容,双眼结膜充血,口唇干裂,可见草莓舌,皮肤呈弥漫性红斑,颈部浅表淋巴结肿大,心音有力,手足指趾硬性水肿。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "川崎病", "B": "败血症", "C": "风湿热", "D": "猩红热"}, "answer": "川崎病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "青年男性病人,腰痛、腰僵硬,逐渐出现驼背,X线片见骶髂关节模糊、间隙消失,可能诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰肌劳损", "B": "慢性腰扭伤", "C": "腰间盘突出症", "D": "强直性脊柱炎"}, "answer": "强直性脊柱炎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.肩关节周围炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "肘关节活动受限", "B": "肩关节外展受限", "C": "肩部疼痛、无活动受限", "D": "Finkelstein试验阳性"}, "answer": "肩关节外展受限", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胆碱酯酶复活剂不具备的药理作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "恢复已经老化的胆碱酯酶活性", "B": "解除烟碱样症状", "C": "恢复被抑制的胆碱酯酶活性", "D": "增高全血胆碱酯酶活性"}, "answer": "恢复已经老化的胆碱酯酶活性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "参与构成DNA分子的单糖是(  )。", "options": {"A": "核糖", "B": "2-脱氧核糖", "C": "3-脱氧核糖", "D": "磷酸果糖"}, "answer": "2-脱氧核糖", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于胰岛素分泌的调节,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血糖降低时分泌增加", "B": "抑胃肽有促胰岛素分泌的作用", "C": "迷走神经兴奋时分泌增加", "D": "生长抑素抑制其分泌"}, "answer": "血糖降低时分泌增加", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,35岁。发热、咳黄痰10天,水肿伴恶心、呕吐、呼吸困难1周,1天前突发抽搐、昏迷。既往IgA肾病5年。查体:BP 180/110mmHg,贫血貌,深大呼吸,双中下肺野闻及湿啰音,心率120次/分。双下肢水肿。Hb 68g/L,Scr 1325μmol/L。1.患者意识障碍最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压脑病", "B": "尿毒症脑病", "C": "贫血", "D": "脑血管病"}, "answer": "尿毒症脑病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "DNA复制中的引物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "由RNA为模板合成的RNA片段", "B": "由DNA为模板合成的RNA片段", "C": "由RNA为模板合成的DNA片段", "D": "由病毒DNA为模板合成的tRNA片段"}, "answer": "由DNA为模板合成的RNA片段", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女性,38岁,公共汽车售票员,年前在工作中与乘客吵架后,出现多食易饥饿,性情急躁,易激动,失眠,多汗怕热,消瘦,心跳快。血压高达170/100mmHg,3个月感到眼睛发胀,大便溏泄,尿多。1.体格检查最可能发现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏扩大", "B": "皮肤粗糙", "C": "甲状腺肿大", "D": "神经反射正常"}, "answer": "甲状腺肿大", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,50岁。左胸闷气2个月,胸痛20天,夜间重。查体:颜面、颈部及胸壁略肿胀,胸壁静脉曲张,腋下有一拇指大小的淋巴结,无压痛,活动尚好,心率108次/分,律整,左肺呼吸音消失。1.该患者应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "冠心病心力衰竭", "B": "冠心病心绞痛", "C": "左侧自发性气胸", "D": "左侧癌性胸膜炎"}, "answer": "左侧癌性胸膜炎", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "猩红热患儿皮疹特点,以下哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "皮疹粗糙,鸡皮样疹", "B": "常有散在糠屑样脱皮", "C": "在腋窝、腹股沟等皮肤皱褶处皮疹稀疏", "D": "疹间皮肤亦呈红色"}, "answer": "在腋窝、腹股沟等皮肤皱褶处皮疹稀疏", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,30岁,4小时前口服敌百虫,查体:躁动,瞳孔缩小,肺部湿啰音,错误的处置是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用解磷定", "B": "吸氧", "C": "应用抗生素", "D": "地西泮肌肉注射"}, "answer": "应用抗生素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "X线平片绝大多数能显影的结石是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆囊结石", "B": "肝内胆管结石", "C": "肝外胆管结石", "D": "尿路结石"}, "answer": "尿路结石", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.Rb基因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑癌基因", "B": "结构基因", "C": "调节基因", "D": "操纵基因"}, "answer": "抑癌基因", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "O型血的红细胞膜上含有的抗原为(  )。", "options": {"A": "A抗原", "B": "O抗原", "C": "H抗原", "D": "D抗原"}, "answer": "H抗原", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,34岁。被汽车撞伤下腹部及会阴部。测血压70/50mmHg(9.33/6.67kPa)。体检及辅助检查发现骨盆骨折、腹膜后血肿、后尿道损伤。2.若合并直肠损伤,应采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直肠修补", "B": "清刨", "C": "乙状结肠造瘘", "D": "引流"}, "answer": "乙状结肠造瘘", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "引起急性乳腺炎最主要的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "初产妇", "B": "先天性乳头内陷", "C": "全身抵抗力下降", "D": "乳头皮肤破溃损伤"}, "answer": "乳头皮肤破溃损伤", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "意识清晰状态下的幻觉常发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "脑炎所致精神障碍", "C": "中毒性精神症", "D": "脑肿瘤所致精神障碍"}, "answer": "精神分裂症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "早期动脉粥样硬化病变,最早进入动脉内膜的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞", "B": "淋巴细胞", "C": "脂肪细胞", "D": "巨噬细胞"}, "answer": "巨噬细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "硝普钠最常见的不良反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低血压", "B": "血管神经性水肿", "C": "室性心律失常", "D": "水中毒"}, "answer": "低血压", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "与月经周期中分泌期体温升高相关的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "孕酮", "B": "雌二醇", "C": "雄烯二酮", "D": "雌酮"}, "answer": "孕酮", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,46岁,既往糖尿病史8年。自感外阴痒1个月余,白带无异味。妇科检查:阴道黏膜充血,白带多,呈凝乳块状。考虑诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "非特异性外阴炎", "B": "细菌性阴道病", "C": "外阴硬化性苔癣", "D": "念珠菌阴道炎"}, "answer": "念珠菌阴道炎", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "骨软骨瘤多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "长管骨骨端", "B": "长管骨干骺端", "C": "长管骨骨干", "D": "长管骨骨骺"}, "answer": "长管骨干骺端", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "舌咽、迷走神经麻痹的临床表现不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "说话声音带鼻音", "B": "患侧软腭活动受限", "C": "患侧咽反射消失", "D": "舌前2/3味觉消失"}, "answer": "舌前2/3味觉消失", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性患者,未婚,发现左侧乳房有肿块。经医生检查判断后拟进行手术治疗,但患者十分担心手术后会影响以后生活质量。经过医生积极解释,患者消除了心理负担并要求保密。在征得患者家属同意的情况下,进行手术,手术顺利完成,患者满意。这体现了患者的(  )。", "options": {"A": "基本医疗权", "B": "疾病认知权", "C": "保护隐私权", "D": "以上均是"}, "answer": "以上均是", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在伤寒带菌者,细菌一般居留在(  )。", "options": {"A": "结肠", "B": "胆囊", "C": "肝脏", "D": "脾脏"}, "answer": "胆囊", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.哪项阻断乙酰胆碱的释放,导致肌肉松弛性麻痹?(  )", "options": {"A": "志贺毒素", "B": "肉毒毒素", "C": "霍乱肠毒素", "D": "α毒素"}, "answer": "肉毒毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "蛋白质-热能营养不良最先出现的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "身高低于正常", "B": "体重下降", "C": "体重不增", "D": "肌肉萎缩"}, "answer": "体重不增", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,56岁,右侧阴囊部隐痛2个月,查体:右侧阴囊壁左侧增大,触之有硬结,与睾丸黏连,边界不清,有轻微触痛,首先应考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "睾丸肿瘤", "B": "腹股沟斜疝", "C": "睾丸鞘膜积液", "D": "睾丸炎"}, "answer": "睾丸肿瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.人体实验意外损伤的赔偿原则(  )。", "options": {"A": "负担和受益要公平分配", "B": "研究者与受试者之间应保密", "C": "死亡者家属有权获得赔偿", "D": "需获得伦理专家委员会的批准"}, "answer": "死亡者家属有权获得赔偿", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.属于精神分裂症的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蜡样屈曲", "B": "情绪低落", "C": "思维奔逸", "D": "恐怖"}, "answer": "蜡样屈曲", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,68岁。突发上腹阵发性绞痛2小时,短时间内寒战、高热,小便呈浓茶样,随后嗜睡。查体:T 39.6℃,P 128次/分,R 30次/分,BP 80/50mmHg。神志不清,躁动,巩膜黄染,右上腹肌紧张,有压痛和反跳痛。1.导致该患者所患疾\n病最可能的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆管肿瘤", "B": "胆管结石", "C": "胆管蛔虫", "D": "胆管畸形"}, "answer": "胆管结石", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "虫媒途径传播的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "霍乱", "B": "鼠疫", "C": "麻风", "D": "炭疽"}, "answer": "鼠疫", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.巨块型肝癌(  )。", "options": {"A": "癌肿直径>15cm,常有出血坏死", "B": "癌结节直径<3cm,常无明显结节", "C": "癌组织在肝内弥漫分布,无明显结节", "D": "癌结节多个散在,大小不等,常发生于肝硬化的肝内"}, "answer": "癌肿直径>15cm,常有出血坏死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "伤寒肠道病变哪一段最为常见?(  )", "options": {"A": "回肠下段集合和孤立淋巴小结的病变", "B": "十二指肠下段的病变", "C": "空肠上段的病变", "D": "回盲部的病变"}, "answer": "回肠下段集合和孤立淋巴小结的病变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪种抗原为隐蔽的自身抗原(  )。", "options": {"A": "眼葡萄膜色素抗原", "B": "ABO血型抗原", "C": "HLA抗原", "D": "Rh血型抗原"}, "answer": "眼葡萄膜色素抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "老年抑郁症患者除抑郁心境外,另一种突出的情绪是(  )。", "options": {"A": "情绪不稳", "B": "情感倒错", "C": "焦虑", "D": "欣快感"}, "answer": "焦虑", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.霍乱肠毒素致病机理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制细胞蛋白质的合成", "B": "封闭抑制性神经元,导致肌肉痉挛", "C": "阻断乙酰胆碱的释放", "D": "刺激呕吐中枢及肠壁,导致呕吐和腹泻"}, "answer": "刺激呕吐中枢及肠壁,导致呕吐和腹泻", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列不属于二期梅毒的临床表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "扁平湿疣", "B": "梅毒性脱发", "C": "梅毒性玫瑰疹", "D": "树胶肿"}, "answer": "树胶肿", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肠套叠的三大典型症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹痛,发热,脓血便", "B": "腹痛,血便,里急后重", "C": "腹痛,血便,腹部肿块", "D": "腹痛,腹部肿块,发热"}, "answer": "腹痛,血便,腹部肿块", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "与细菌毒力无关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "菌毛", "B": "芽孢", "C": "血浆凝固酶", "D": "内毒素"}, "answer": "芽孢", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.病毒性肝炎肝细胞气球样变属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞水肿", "B": "玻璃样变", "C": "黏液变性", "D": "淀粉样变"}, "answer": "细胞水肿", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "带蒂皮瓣移植术,适用于下述哪一种类型的手外伤?(  )", "options": {"A": "手部有肌腱骨外露及皮肤缺损者", "B": "手部骨折", "C": "手部感染者", "D": "手部皮肤浅度烧伤"}, "answer": "手部有肌腱骨外露及皮肤缺损者", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项在诊断腺癌时最重要?(  )", "options": {"A": "肿瘤发生于实体腺", "B": "肿瘤呈浸润性生长", "C": "肿瘤出血坏死明显", "D": "恶性肿瘤细胞呈腺样排列"}, "answer": "恶性肿瘤细胞呈腺样排列", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,77岁,胆囊切除术后第2天,自觉憋气、痰多、发热、腹痛。体检:心率100次/min,心电图无特殊发现。查血常规示白细胞17×109/L。3.最关键的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使用毛花苷C", "B": "应用抗生素", "C": "协助患者排痰", "D": "给予硝酸甘油"}, "answer": "协助患者排痰", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.识别抗原,并把识别信号传递到T细胞内的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "TCR-CD3复合物", "B": "mIg", "C": "FcR", "D": "C3bR"}, "answer": "TCR-CD3复合物", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "胰腺损伤在各种腹部损伤中所占比例为(  )。", "options": {"A": "1%~2%", "B": "16%~20%", "C": "25%~35%", "D": "50%~55%"}, "answer": "1%~2%", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "典型流脑脑膜炎期,脑脊液改变的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "外观呈黄白色脓样", "B": "蛋白质中度升高", "C": "糖正常或略低", "D": "脑脊液沉淀涂片检菌阳性率比培养高"}, "answer": "脑脊液沉淀涂片检菌阳性率比培养高", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "雌激素水平低下的最常见症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阴道干涩", "B": "潮热", "C": "情绪低落", "D": "月经稀少"}, "answer": "潮热", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.随蚊唾液进入人体血循环的是疟原虫的(  )。", "options": {"A": "子孢子", "B": "裂殖体", "C": "裂殖子", "D": "配子体"}, "answer": "子孢子", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,20岁,误服有机磷农药,瞳孔缩小、面肌颤动、呼吸有大蒜味,最好选用下列哪种溶液来洗胃?(  )", "options": {"A": "硫酸酮溶液", "B": "1:5000高锰酸钾液", "C": "NaHCO3水", "D": "生理盐水"}, "answer": "NaHCO3水", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.肱骨中段骨折出现腕关节不能背伸(  )。", "options": {"A": "桡神经损伤", "B": "全臂丛神经损伤", "C": "臂丛神经上干损伤", "D": "腓总神经损伤"}, "answer": "桡神经损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪个是霍乱孤菌的主要致病物质?(  )", "options": {"A": "霍乱肠毒素", "B": "腺苷酸环化酶", "C": "透明脂酸酶", "D": "霍乱内毒素"}, "answer": "霍乱肠毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项属于补体依赖的细胞毒试验?(  )", "options": {"A": "鉴定NK细胞毒活化", "B": "鉴定淋巴细胞的HLA型别", "C": "鉴定LAK细胞毒活化", "D": "鉴定TIL细胞毒活化"}, "answer": "鉴定淋巴细胞的HLA型别", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于溶血性贫血下述哪项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "血涂片中出现幼红细胞", "B": "血清结合珠蛋白升高", "C": "血清间接胆红素升高", "D": "红细胞寿命缩短"}, "answer": "血清结合珠蛋白升高", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "糖尿病酮症酸中毒的特征性表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "昏迷", "B": "呼气有烂苹果味", "C": "二氧化碳结合力下降", "D": "呼吸深大"}, "answer": "呼气有烂苹果味", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "目前肿瘤基因治疗可考虑的目的基因有(  )。", "options": {"A": "癌基因反义链", "B": "药物敏感基因", "C": "细胞因子基因", "D": "以上全都是"}, "answer": "以上全都是", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "缺O2引起的呼吸加深加快主要是因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "刺激中枢化学感受器转而兴奋呼吸中枢", "B": "直接刺激呼吸中枢", "C": "刺激主动脉弓、颈动脉窦压力感受器", "D": "刺激主动脉体、颈动脉体化学感受器"}, "answer": "刺激主动脉体、颈动脉体化学感受器", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "重度有机磷中毒时,全血胆碱酯酶活力应该在什么水平(  )。", "options": {"A": "60%以下", "B": "70%以下", "C": "40%以下", "D": "30%以下"}, "answer": "30%以下", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于腺病毒所致疾病,哪一项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "流行性角结膜炎", "B": "病毒性肺炎", "C": "先天性畸形", "D": "小儿腹泻"}, "answer": "先天性畸形", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "骨骺分离,是属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "先天性发育不良", "B": "骨折", "C": "脱位", "D": "骨髓炎的一种类型"}, "answer": "骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胃十二指肠溃疡大出血合并下列何种情况时,不属于必须积极进行手术治疗的范围(  )。", "options": {"A": "出血急剧,短期内出现休克", "B": "不久前曾发生过类似的大出血", "C": "正在进行十二指肠溃疡药物治疗的患者", "D": "同时存在幽门括约肌反射性痉挛"}, "answer": "同时存在幽门括约肌反射性痉挛", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "转复长QT间期所致尖端扭转型室速的最适宜药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素", "B": "普罗帕酮", "C": "硫酸镁", "D": "胺碘酮"}, "answer": "硫酸镁", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哪项是妊娠早期合并甲亢最有意义的指标?(  )", "options": {"A": "消瘦", "B": "甲状腺肿大", "C": "多食,心率快", "D": "FT3、FT4升高"}, "answer": "FT3、FT4升高", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于理想质粒载体的特点,正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "含有同一限制酶的多个切点", "B": "含有多种限制酶的单一切点", "C": "其复制受宿主控制", "D": "不含耐药基因"}, "answer": "含有多种限制酶的单一切点", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.属于稳定骨折的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "股骨颈内收骨折", "B": "股骨颈外展骨折", "C": "股骨颈完全移位的完全骨折", "D": "股骨颈基底部骨折"}, "answer": "股骨颈外展骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不属于婴儿总热量分配的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "基础代谢", "B": "生长发育", "C": "食物特殊动力作用", "D": "思维活动"}, "answer": "思维活动", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.肺炎链球菌可产生(  )。", "options": {"A": "自溶酶", "B": "M蛋白", "C": "脂溶性色素", "D": "血浆凝固酶"}, "answer": "自溶酶", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "初产妇,足月,阴道分娩,为预防产后出血,静注麦角新碱应在(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎头已着冠时", "B": "胎头娩出时", "C": "胎盘娩出时", "D": "胎头拨露阴唇后联合紧张时"}, "answer": "胎盘娩出时", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性肾炎小儿恢复上学的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "C3补体正常", "B": "血压正常", "C": "血沉正常", "D": "Addis计数正常"}, "answer": "血沉正常", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "神经细胞动作电位的去极相中,通透性最大的离子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Na+", "B": "Cl-", "C": "Ca2+", "D": "Mg2+"}, "answer": "Na+", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "体内氨的储存及转运的主要形式之一是(  )。", "options": {"A": "谷氨酸", "B": "谷氨酰胺", "C": "谷胱甘肽", "D": "天冬酰胺"}, "answer": "谷氨酰胺", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,4岁,自1岁出现口唇青紫,活动后加剧,喜坐少动,胸骨左缘第2、3肋间可闻及收缩期杂音,有震颤,动脉血氧饱和度75%。1.此病例可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性肺动脉高压症", "B": "艾森曼格综合征", "C": "较大型室间隔缺损", "D": "法洛四联症"}, "answer": "法洛四联症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一侧面部及对侧躯体痛、温觉缺失的病损部位在(  )。", "options": {"A": "中脑背盖部", "B": "桥脑基底部", "C": "延髓背外侧部", "D": "延髓基底部"}, "answer": "延髓背外侧部", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "足月儿生后第1小时内呼吸率可达(  )。", "options": {"A": "40~50次/分", "B": "60~70次/分", "C": "60~80次/分", "D": "70~80次/分"}, "answer": "60~80次/分", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女。28岁,突发心悸2小时,心率168次/min,节律规则,心电图QRS波形正常,不宜选择的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺苷", "B": "利多卡因", "C": "维拉帕米", "D": "毛花苷C"}, "answer": "利多卡因", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "气性坏疽的早期诊断依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "受伤史和临床所见", "B": "血培养培养出革兰阳性杆菌", "C": "渗出物涂片找到革兰阳性杆菌", "D": "严重的败血症和溶血性贫血"}, "answer": "受伤史和临床所见", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "掌深部间隙感染处理原则错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "切口常选在手背肿胀明显处", "B": "抬高患侧上肢", "C": "切口不超过手掌远侧横纹", "D": "早期静脉静注大剂量青霉素"}, "answer": "切口常选在手背肿胀明显处", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于脑衰弱综合征,错误的叙述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "核心症状是易兴奋和易疲劳", "B": "睡眠障碍是其常见症状之一", "C": "可见于精神分裂症", "D": "对于神经衰弱具有诊断特异性"}, "answer": "对于神经衰弱具有诊断特异性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性乳房炎脓肿未形成前的主要治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "促使乳汁通畅排出", "B": "应用广谱抗生素", "C": "局部注射抗生素", "D": "切开引流"}, "answer": "切开引流", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,40岁。吞咽困难30天,不能进水2天,口渴、尿少、体重下降。查体:R 26次/分,BP 80/50mmHg,神志清楚,烦躁。血Na+ 152mmol/L,血K+ 3.2mmol/L,HCO3- 18mmol/L、PaCO2 38mmHg。首要的处理措施应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "补充血容量", "B": "氧疗", "C": "纠正酸碱失衡", "D": "有控制地补充血钾"}, "answer": "补充血容量", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "糖尿病病人施行大手术前,血糖要求控制在(  )。", "options": {"A": "5.6mmol/L以下", "B": "5.6~11.2mmol/L", "C": "18mmol/L以下", "D": "20mmol/L以下"}, "answer": "5.6~11.2mmol/L", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,18岁,咳嗽4个月,伴低热,1个月前右膝部外伤。查体:跛行,右股四头肌萎缩,右膝肿胀,浮髌试验(+)。2.初步诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "类风湿关节炎", "B": "结核性关节炎", "C": "创伤性关节炎", "D": "风湿性关节炎"}, "answer": "结核性关节炎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性骨髓炎迁延不愈、反复发作的最主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "瘢痕组织增生", "B": "死骨的残留", "C": "机体抵抗力低", "D": "细菌毒力太强"}, "answer": "死骨的残留", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,48岁。乏力、腹胀伴尿黄3周。慢性乙型肝炎5年,肝功能反复异常。查体:重病容,巩膜与皮肤重度黄染,见肝掌及蜘蛛痣,腹水征(+)。实验室检查:ALT 200U/L,TBil 370μmol/L,HBsAg(+)。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性重型肝炎", "B": "慢性肝炎急性发作", "C": "急性重型肝炎", "D": "慢性肝炎"}, "answer": "慢性重型肝炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "8个月婴儿,体重8kg,腹泻4天,每天10余次,尿很少,精神萎靡,呼吸深长,皮肤发花,弹性差,前囟、眼眶明显凹陷,肢冷脉弱,心率160次/min,心音低钝。5.若经过第一阶段及第二阶段的部分补液,该患儿开始排尿,此时应考虑补钾。关于静脉补钾,以下不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宜快宜早,每日补钾总量静滴时间不应短于4h", "B": "治疗前6h排过尿可以静脉补钾", "C": "输液后有尿可以静脉补钾", "D": "氧化钾静滴浓度不宜超过0.3%"}, "answer": "宜快宜早,每日补钾总量静滴时间不应短于4h", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "治疗肠内外各型阿米巴首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吐根碱", "B": "灭滴灵(甲硝唑)", "C": "氯喹", "D": "红霉素"}, "answer": "灭滴灵(甲硝唑)", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "最常见的女性不孕因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫体因素", "B": "精神因素", "C": "阴道因素", "D": "输卵管因素"}, "answer": "输卵管因素", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某人呼吸频率从12次/分增加到24次/分,潮气量从500ml减少到250ml,则(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺通气量减少", "B": "肺通气量增加", "C": "肺泡通气量减少", "D": "肺泡通气量增加"}, "answer": "肺泡通气量减少", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "突触前抑制的结构基础是哪一类型的突触?(  )", "options": {"A": "胞体-树突型", "B": "胞体-胞体型", "C": "轴突-轴突型", "D": "轴突-树突型"}, "answer": "轴突-轴突型", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于急性化脓性脑膜炎并发硬脑膜下积液,以下哪项描述是不准确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "积液可以是无菌性的渗出", "B": "常发生于经治疗脑脊液明显好转,但体温持续不退或退而复升", "C": "以肺炎双球菌及流感杆菌脑膜炎为多见", "D": "明显是治疗不当的结果"}, "answer": "明显是治疗不当的结果", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "初产妇第一产程活跃期延长是指活跃期超过(  )。", "options": {"A": "6小时", "B": "10小时", "C": "4小时", "D": "8小时"}, "answer": "8小时", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "决定每分钟肺泡通气量的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "余气量的多少", "B": "肺活量", "C": "呼吸频率、潮气量与无效腔的大小", "D": "呼吸频率与无效腔的大小"}, "answer": "呼吸频率、潮气量与无效腔的大小", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "滴虫性阴道炎的典型白带为(  )。", "options": {"A": "均质稀薄灰白色", "B": "白色稠厚呈凝乳或豆渣样", "C": "稀薄脓性黄色泡沫状", "D": "血性"}, "answer": "稀薄脓性黄色泡沫状", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "脉压增宽,毛细血管搏动,水冲脉,提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "室间隔缺损", "B": "房间隔缺损", "C": "动脉导管未闭", "D": "法洛四联症"}, "answer": "动脉导管未闭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于小儿腹泻的非感染因素中,以下错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "气候突然变化,腹部受凉", "B": "天气过冷,消化液分泌减少", "C": "上呼吸道感染并发腹泻", "D": "牛奶或大豆过敏"}, "answer": "天气过冷,消化液分泌减少", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "铁剂治疗缺铁性贫血有效的最早期指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清铁蛋白增高", "B": "骨髓细胞外铁增多", "C": "红细胞总数升高", "D": "网织红细胞升高"}, "answer": "网织红细胞升高", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于重度妊娠高血压综合征的治疗,下列不适宜的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "解痉,镇静,防止抽搐", "B": "适时终止妊娠", "C": "严格控制钠盐入量,防止水肿加重", "D": "扩容剂的选择,胶体溶液优于晶体溶液"}, "answer": "严格控制钠盐入量,防止水肿加重", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿日龄3天,足月顺产,生后2天出现黄疸,迅速加重,一般状态尚好。血清胆红素298μmol/L,母血O型,子血A型,抗体释放试验阳性。下述治疗措施哪项应先考虑?(  )", "options": {"A": "光照疗法", "B": "纠正酸中毒", "C": "输血浆", "D": "换血疗法"}, "answer": "光照疗法", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "T细胞外周耐受的形成机制包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "共刺激信号缺乏导致自身反应性T细胞“无能”", "B": "独特型网络的调节作用及免疫抑制细胞的抑制作用", "C": "免疫忽视", "D": "以上都对"}, "answer": "以上都对", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3岁男孩,发现水肿1月,尿常规:蛋白(+++)红细胞2~4个/高倍视野。血浆蛋白25g/L,胆固醇9.6mmol/L。2.目前的重要治疗应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗感染治疗", "B": "肾上腺素治疗", "C": "肾上腺皮质激素治疗", "D": "降血压治疗"}, "answer": "肾上腺皮质激素治疗", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "诊断膀胱肿瘤最可靠的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿常规检查", "B": "尿细胞学", "C": "膀胱B超", "D": "膀胱镜检查+活检"}, "answer": "膀胱镜检查+活检", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "月经周期为28日,宫颈黏液羊齿植物叶状结晶完全消失相当于月经周期的(  )。", "options": {"A": "第1日左右", "B": "第14日左右", "C": "第18日左右", "D": "第22日左右"}, "answer": "第22日左右", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症发生惊厥是因为血清中(  )。", "options": {"A": "磷离子浓度降低", "B": "钠离子浓度降低", "C": "氯离子浓度降低", "D": "钙离子浓度降低"}, "answer": "钙离子浓度降低", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "基础代谢率是以每小时下述哪项为单位计算的产热量?(  )", "options": {"A": "身高", "B": "体重", "C": "体表面积", "D": "环境温度"}, "answer": "体表面积", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,20岁,车祸伤及右髋部,右髋疼,不敢活动右下肢,右下肢呈屈曲、内收、内旋和短缩畸形,经拍片诊断为髋关节脱位,哪项是复位时的正确的方法?(  )", "options": {"A": "必须在全麻或椎管内麻醉下行手法复位", "B": "必须在X线透视监视下进行复位", "C": "必须切开复位", "D": "复位成功后必须行石膏外固定2~3周"}, "answer": "必须在全麻或椎管内麻醉下行手法复位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,重体力劳动工人,腰腿痛,并向左下肢放散,咳嗽、喷嚏时加重。检查腰部活动明显受限,并向左倾斜,直腿抬高试验阳性。病程中无低热、盗汗、消瘦症状。3.为明确诊断,最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线检查", "B": "CT", "C": "超声", "D": "肌电图"}, "answer": "CT", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以血清渗出为主的炎症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "浆液性炎", "B": "肝炎", "C": "肺炎", "D": "脓肿"}, "answer": "浆液性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿生长发育,最快的时期是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生后最初6个月", "B": "6个月~1岁", "C": "1岁~2岁", "D": "3岁~4岁"}, "answer": "生后最初6个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "施行肠外营养最严重的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "气胸", "B": "空气栓塞", "C": "低钾血症", "D": "导管性脓毒症"}, "answer": "空气栓塞", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,5岁,水肿1周,加重2日,开始局限于眼睑,渐及全身,自昨日起尿量明显减少,一日150~200ml。尿检:蛋白质(+),红细胞20个/HP,血压120/75mmHg。治疗应选(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉注射50%葡萄糖", "B": "静脉注射20%甘露醇", "C": "静脉注射呋塞米", "D": "肌内注射利血平"}, "answer": "静脉注射呋塞米", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "奥美拉唑的临床应用适应证是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化性溃疡", "B": "慢性腹泻", "C": "消化道功能紊乱", "D": "萎缩性胃炎"}, "answer": "消化性溃疡", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "儿童重症肌无力的临床特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "严重全身肌无力", "B": "易发生延髓肌瘫痪", "C": "局限于四肢肌无力", "D": "多局限于眼外肌瘫痪"}, "answer": "多局限于眼外肌瘫痪", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "新生儿ABO血型不合溶血病,常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "母血型为A或B,胎儿血型为O", "B": "母血型为A或B,胎儿血型为AB", "C": "母血型为O,胎儿血型为A或B", "D": "母血型为O,胎儿血型为AB"}, "answer": "母血型为O,胎儿血型为A或B", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,25岁。乏力、消瘦、腹胀2个月。查体:心肺未见异常,肝肋下1cm,脾肋下8cm。化验:Hb 138g/L,WBC 96×109/L,PLT 385×109/L。分子生物检查可见bcr/abl融合基因。1.该患者的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性粒细胞白血病", "B": "慢性粒细胞白血病", "C": "肝硬化、门静脉高压症", "D": "急性淋巴细胞白血病"}, "answer": "慢性粒细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,42岁,有胃溃疡病史。近日发现手指关节肿胀、疼痛,早晨起床后感到指关节明显僵硬,活动后减轻,经化验后确诊为类风湿性关节炎,治疗药物应选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "吡罗昔康", "B": "布洛芬", "C": "吲哚美辛", "D": "阿司匹林"}, "answer": "布洛芬", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,7个月。不活泼,食欲差,面色苍白。血红蛋白80g/L,红细胞数3×1012/L,考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "营养不良Ⅰ度", "B": "营养不良Ⅱ度", "C": "营养不良Ⅲ度", "D": "营养性缺铁性贫血"}, "answer": "营养性缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "婴儿腹泻经第1天补液后脱水症状改善,第2天后的处理应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服补液,恢复正常饮食", "B": "给补累积损失+继续损失量", "C": "补充异常的继续损失+生理需要量", "D": "仅补生理需要量+钾盐"}, "answer": "补充异常的继续损失+生理需要量", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "脊柱骨折造成脱位并脊髓半横切损伤,其损伤平面以下的改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "双侧肢体完全截瘫", "B": "同侧肢体运动和深感觉消失,对侧肢体痛温觉消失", "C": "同侧肢体运动和痛温觉消失,对侧肢体深感觉消失", "D": "同侧肢体痛温觉消失,对侧肢体运动及深感觉消失"}, "answer": "同侧肢体运动和深感觉消失,对侧肢体痛温觉消失", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新生儿出生时,身体红,四肢青紫,心率90次/分,呼吸20次/分,呼吸不规则,四肢能活动,弹足底有皱眉。1.Apgar评分为(  )。", "options": {"A": "4分", "B": "5分", "C": "6分", "D": "7分"}, "answer": "6分", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "《医疗机构管理条例》规定的医疗机构执业规则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "符合医疗机构的基本标准", "B": "按照核准登记的诊疗科目开展诊疗活动", "C": "符合区域医疗机构设置规划", "D": "可进行执业登记"}, "answer": "按照核准登记的诊疗科目开展诊疗活动", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,38岁,糖尿病12年,每日皮下注射混合胰岛素治疗,早餐前30U,晚餐前24U,每日进餐规律,主食量30%,近来空腹血糖12.5mmol/L,餐后血糖7.6~9.0mmol/L2.最可能的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Somogyi或黎明现象", "B": "晚餐主食过多或过少", "C": "未加口服降糖药物", "D": "存在胰岛素抵抗"}, "answer": "Somogyi或黎明现象", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在DNA重组实验中使用DNA连接酶的目的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "催化质粒与噬菌体的连接", "B": "扩展待定DNA序列", "C": "使DNA与载体结合", "D": "鉴定重组DNA片段"}, "answer": "使DNA与载体结合", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.男,62岁。腹胀、右下腹部隐痛6个月。阵发性隐痛,乏力,消瘦,近3个月贫血,首先应考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "克罗恩病", "B": "溃疡性结肠炎", "C": "降结肠癌", "D": "升结肠癌"}, "answer": "升结肠癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "腰椎间盘突出症的典型症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰背痛", "B": "下肢无力", "C": "腰痛伴坐骨神经痛", "D": "坐骨神经痛"}, "answer": "腰痛伴坐骨神经痛", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,28岁,初产妇。妊娠39周,规律宫缩10小时,查宫口扩张6cm,LOA,先露S=+1,胎心140次/分,胎儿监护NST有反应型。需要进一步的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "催产素加强宫缩", "B": "给予宫颈封闭", "C": "肌注哌替啶", "D": "严密观察产程"}, "answer": "严密观察产程", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.神经性厌食(  )。", "options": {"A": "通过节食,自我诱发呕吐,过度运动达到体重减轻,存在害怕发胖的超价观念", "B": "自我诱发的反复呕吐,呕吐物为刚进的食物,体重保持在正常体重的80%以上", "C": "发生于睡眠的前1/3阶段,伴尖叫,哭喊,惊恐,醒后不能回忆,多见于儿童", "D": "睡眠时有噩梦,有强烈的梦境体验,伴情绪紧张、心悸等,见于任何年龄"}, "answer": "通过节食,自我诱发呕吐,过度运动达到体重减轻,存在害怕发胖的超价观念", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肾蒂主要结构的排列关系由前向后依次为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾静脉、肾动脉和肾盂", "B": "肾静脉、肾盂和肾动脉", "C": "肾动脉、肾静脉和肾盂", "D": "肾盂、肾动脉和肾静脉"}, "answer": "肾静脉、肾动脉和肾盂", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "Apgar评分为3分的小儿首先需要处理的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸尽呼吸道堵塞物", "B": "吸氧", "C": "降温", "D": "心脏按压"}, "answer": "吸尽呼吸道堵塞物", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性患者,因外伤致胫骨内髁骨折,内侧1/3关节面下陷0.8cm,虽经治疗,骨折移位未见改变,最可能出现的晚期并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨化性肌炎", "B": "创伤性关节炎", "C": "关节僵硬", "D": "关节外翻畸形"}, "answer": "创伤性关节炎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "引起肝硬化腹水的原因,不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "血浆蛋白降低", "B": "肝窦内压升高", "C": "肝动脉与肝静脉异常吻合", "D": "小叶下静脉受压"}, "answer": "肝动脉与肝静脉异常吻合", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "白假丝酵母菌可引起的感染中,不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤感染", "B": "黏膜感染", "C": "中枢神经系统感染", "D": "真菌中毒症"}, "answer": "真菌中毒症", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "耳、肾毒性最大的氨基糖苷类抗生素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡那霉素", "B": "西索米星", "C": "奈替米星", "D": "新霉素"}, "answer": "新霉素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "常见先天性心脏病的治疗原则,下列哪一项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "按时预防接种", "B": "手术最适年龄多在学龄前", "C": "左向右分流型大多能根治,效果较好", "D": "合并心衰时慎用洋地黄,不能长时间用"}, "answer": "合并心衰时慎用洋地黄,不能长时间用", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "成年患者,输血100ml后,突然寒战、高热,恶心呕吐,头痛心悸,剧烈腹痛,血压下降等,可诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "过敏反应", "B": "细菌污染反应", "C": "溶血反应", "D": "循环超负荷反应"}, "answer": "溶血反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.感染HBV后,处于恢复期或趋向好转的标志是(  )。", "options": {"A": "仅血清HBsAg阳性", "B": "血清HBsAg、HBeAg或抗-HBe阳性、抗-HBc阳性", "C": "血清抗-HBs和抗-HBc阳性,抗-HBe阴性或阳性", "D": "仅血清抗-HRs阳性"}, "answer": "血清抗-HBs和抗-HBc阳性,抗-HBe阴性或阳性", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "参与联合脱氨基的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "NADH-泛醌还原酶", "B": "葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶", "C": "谷氨酸脱氢酶", "D": "丙酮酸脱氢酶"}, "answer": "谷氨酸脱氢酶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.属于医学伦理学基本原则的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有利、公正", "B": "权利、义务", "C": "廉洁奉公", "D": "等价交换"}, "answer": "有利、公正", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "扩张型心肌病最主要的临床表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "心力衰竭", "B": "肺部感染", "C": "栓塞", "D": "心肌梗死"}, "answer": "心力衰竭", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.与急性肾小球肾炎发生相关的致病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "β溶血性链球菌", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "C": "大肠埃希菌", "D": "变形杆菌"}, "answer": "β溶血性链球菌", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,30岁,慢粒病史l年,近1周高热,脾大平脐。血红蛋白5g/L,白细胞20×109/L,分类原粒占30%,中晚幼粒占40%,血小板50×109/L。诊断慢性粒细胞白血病(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性变", "B": "合并类白血病反应", "C": "合并感染", "D": "慢性期"}, "answer": "急性变", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "50岁男性,外伤后致胫腓骨中1/3骨折,手法复位后,长腿石膏管型外固定。4周后,石膏管型于膝部有折断,未给处理,3个月后X线片复查见骨折略有移位,骨折线清晰。1.影响骨折愈合的最主要的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨折段血液供血不足", "B": "伤口有感染", "C": "周围软组织挫伤严重", "D": "骨折固定不确实"}, "answer": "骨折固定不确实", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,25岁,2小时前腕掌侧切割伤,致深、浅屈指肌腱。正中尺神经,尺桡动脉损伤,应采用的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即缝合皮肤,其他组织待二期处理", "B": "清创后,吻合尺、桡动脉,并一期修复其他组织", "C": "清创后,吻合桡动脉,结扎尺、动脉,并一期修复其他组织", "D": "清创后,结扎尺、桡动脉,一期修复其他组织"}, "answer": "清创后,吻合尺、桡动脉,并一期修复其他组织", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医疗机构的负责人、药品采购人员、医师等有关人员收受药品生产企业、药品经营企业或者其代理人给予的财物或者其他利益,应承担的法律责任中不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "没收违法所得", "B": "吊销医师执业证书", "C": "民事责任", "D": "刑事责任"}, "answer": "民事责任", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,32岁,长期乏力求医。血红蛋白77g/L,平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度26%,平均红细胞体积63μm3,网织红细胞数2.0%,血清铁5μmol/L(280μg/L),总铁结合力4980μg/L。4.假如确诊为缺铁性贫血,铁剂治疗应用至何时停药?(  )", "options": {"A": "血清铁达正常水平", "B": "总铁结合力达正常水平", "C": "血红蛋白达正常水平后继续用药3~6个月", "D": "网织红细胞上升达高峰"}, "answer": "血红蛋白达正常水平后继续用药3~6个月", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某治疗师邀请患者及其家人一起在治疗室里就患者的心理障碍问题进行讨论。这种治疗形式属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "社会心理治疗", "B": "集体心理治疗", "C": "家庭心理治疗", "D": "支持性治疗"}, "answer": "家庭心理治疗", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在严重颅内压增高的病例中,降低颅内压首选哪种药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "乙酰唑胺", "B": "双氢克尿塞(氢氯噻嗪)", "C": "甘露醇", "D": "呋塞米(速尿)"}, "answer": "甘露醇", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在病人常见的心理问题中,常表现为行为与年龄、社会角色不相符合,想回到婴儿时期,此病人的心理状态属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "焦虑", "B": "猜疑", "C": "愤怒", "D": "退化"}, "answer": "退化", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "阿莫西林主要适用于(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆道感染", "B": "肺炎球菌引起的下呼吸道感染", "C": "尿路感染", "D": "螺旋体感染"}, "answer": "肺炎球菌引起的下呼吸道感染", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.能释放组胺引起过敏症状的细胞为(  )。", "options": {"A": "嗜碱粒细胞", "B": "嗜酸粒细胞", "C": "淋巴细胞", "D": "血小板"}, "answer": "嗜碱粒细胞", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "国家对母婴保健工作,根据不同地区情况,实行以下原则(  )。", "options": {"A": "分级管理原则", "B": "分级分类管理原则", "C": "国家实施监督管理原则", "D": "分级分类指导原则"}, "answer": "分级分类指导原则", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "与宫颈癌发生密切相关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人乳头瘤病毒", "B": "麻疹病毒", "C": "禽流感病毒", "D": "以上都不正确"}, "answer": "人乳头瘤病毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "符合过敏性紫癜的实验检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "出血时间延长", "B": "凝血时间延长", "C": "血块收缩不良", "D": "毛细血管脆性试验可阳性"}, "answer": "毛细血管脆性试验可阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,55岁。右下腹隐痛5个月,近3个月来乏力、消瘦,常有低热。查体:结膜苍白,右侧腹部5cm×3cm肿块。化验:血红蛋白95g/L。1.为明确诊断,最有意义的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉造影", "B": "X线钡剂灌肠", "C": "纤维结肠镜", "D": "X线气钡双重对比造影"}, "answer": "纤维结肠镜", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.乳腺癌CMF化疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "环磷酰胺、阿霉素、氟尿嘧啶", "B": "环磷酰胺、甲氧蝶呤、氟尿嘧啶", "C": "环磷酰胺、紫杉醇、氟尿嘧啶", "D": "激素依赖性肿瘤"}, "answer": "环磷酰胺、甲氧蝶呤、氟尿嘧啶", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于抗毒素使用的描述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可能发生过敏反应,故用药前应做过敏试验", "B": "因抗毒素可以中和外毒素,从而提高机体特异性抗病能力,故可作为免疫增强剂,多次给儿童注射", "C": "可采取脱敏疗法", "D": "只能用于紧急预防或治疗"}, "answer": "因抗毒素可以中和外毒素,从而提高机体特异性抗病能力,故可作为免疫增强剂,多次给儿童注射", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.刺激引起兴奋的基本条件是使跨膜电位达到(  )。", "options": {"A": "锋电位", "B": "阈电位", "C": "负后电位", "D": "正后电位"}, "answer": "阈电位", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.萎缩性胃窦胃炎患者表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃酸明显增高", "B": "胃酸轻度升高", "C": "无胃酸分泌", "D": "胃酸正常或减少"}, "answer": "胃酸正常或减少", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医患间的沟通方式中,哪项不属于非语言沟通(  )。", "options": {"A": "面部表情", "B": "说话声调", "C": "身体姿态", "D": "书面通知"}, "answer": "书面通知", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "易并发脓胸,脓气胸的肺炎是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸道合胞病毒性肺炎", "B": "腺病毒性肺炎", "C": "葡萄球菌肺炎", "D": "衣原体肺炎"}, "answer": "葡萄球菌肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪种疾病不易发生玻璃样变性?(  )", "options": {"A": "动脉粥样硬化", "B": "肾小球肾炎", "C": "酒精性肝炎", "D": "支气管炎"}, "answer": "支气管炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "7岁男孩,夏季突发高热2小时,惊厥3次,面色发灰,四肢凉,血压低,心肺无异常,脑膜刺激征阴性。3.痢疾分型,不恰当是(  )。", "options": {"A": "频繁脓血便为中毒型痢疾", "B": "以周围循环衰竭为主要表现的为休克型", "C": "周围循环衰竭合并惊厥意识改变为混合型", "D": "不发热只有轻度腹泻者为轻型"}, "answer": "频繁脓血便为中毒型痢疾", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "新生儿开始排便的时间常为生后(  )。", "options": {"A": "24小时", "B": "36小时", "C": "48小时", "D": "72小时"}, "answer": "24小时", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某患者乘车时,急刹车,右膝前方受到撞击,出现右髋剧痛,髋关节运动障碍,处于屈曲内收、内旋畸形状态。3.应选择哪一种治疗方法?(  )", "options": {"A": "Kocher法", "B": "Hippocrates法", "C": "Bigelow法", "D": "骨牵引"}, "answer": "Bigelow法", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,50岁。肝炎肝硬化10年,门腔静脉分流术后3年。睡眠倒错、计算能力下降2天。该患者不宜进食的食物种类是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高蛋白饮食", "B": "高纤维食物", "C": "低脂饮食", "D": "淀粉类食物"}, "answer": "高蛋白饮食", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,18岁,高三学生。既往学习成绩一贯优良,品德良好。据父母反映该生近半年来,可能因为学习任务重,高考压力太大,出现学习成绩明显下降,且变得孤僻不与人交往,对父母态度冷漠又粗暴,失眠,有时自语自笑。精神检查时,该学生回答问题语词单调,对上述表现回答说压力太大、脑子变得空白、听不进去老师讲课、记忆力变差,回答时面无表情。该学生最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "焦虑症", "B": "精神分裂症", "C": "神经衰弱", "D": "应激相关障碍"}, "answer": "精神分裂症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "机体对慢性Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭所进行的代偿性反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾脏回吸收碳酸氢根增加", "B": "阴离子间隙增加", "C": "血钾增加", "D": "潮气量增加"}, "answer": "肾脏回吸收碳酸氢根增加", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,1岁,头发稀黄,皮肤白嫩,头不能竖起,间断抽搐,尿有鼠尿味。该患儿的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "21-三体综合征", "B": "呆小病", "C": "苯丙酮尿症", "D": "脑性瘫痪"}, "answer": "苯丙酮尿症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某男,30岁,因患精神分裂症常年服用氯丙嗪,症状好转,但近日来出现肌肉震颤、动作迟缓、流涎等症状,诊断为氯丙嗪引起的帕金森综合症,应采取何药治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "苯海索", "B": "金刚烷胺", "C": "左旋多巴", "D": "卡比多巴"}, "answer": "苯海索", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "抗体分子的抗原结合部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Fab段", "B": "绞链区", "C": "轻链C末端", "D": "重链C末端"}, "answer": "Fab段", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "参与Ⅰ型超敏反应的最重要的Ig是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgM", "B": "sIgA", "C": "IgE", "D": "IgD"}, "answer": "IgE", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列不属于低钾血症临床表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腱反射减弱", "B": "肠鸣音亢进", "C": "心电图示T波增宽,低平", "D": "U波出现"}, "answer": "肠鸣音亢进", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "左心功能不全、肺循环淤血的主要临床表现,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "劳力性呼吸困难,休息即缓解", "B": "肺微小动脉压增高,血浆外渗,痰中带血", "C": "咳嗽、咳痰,痰为浆液性,呈白色泡沫状", "D": "支气管痉挛,发作性哮喘"}, "answer": "咳嗽、咳痰,痰为浆液性,呈白色泡沫状", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.衰亡期(  )。", "options": {"A": "大多在此产生芽孢、外毒素等", "B": "形态改变,难以辨认", "C": "常在此期进行药物敏感性试验", "D": "细胞全部死亡"}, "answer": "形态改变,难以辨认", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有感染高危因素的院内肺炎病原体排在首位的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大肠杆菌", "B": "铜绿假单胞菌", "C": "肺炎克雷伯杆菌", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列因素与传染病的病原体变异无关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宿主的遗传因素", "B": "机体免疫力", "C": "抗生素的大量应用", "D": "病原体数量"}, "answer": "病原体数量", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于真菌孢子描述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抵抗力比细菌芽孢强", "B": "是真菌的生殖结构", "C": "是由生殖菌丝产生的", "D": "大部分真菌既能形成有性孢子,又能形成无性孢子"}, "answer": "抵抗力比细菌芽孢强", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "外科病人最常发生的缺水为(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性缺水", "B": "低渗性缺水", "C": "原发性缺水", "D": "等渗性缺水"}, "answer": "等渗性缺水", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.Ⅲ期淋巴瘤(  )。", "options": {"A": "病变仅限于一个解剖部位", "B": "病变累及右侧颈、腋下和腹股沟淋巴结", "C": "病变累及左腋下淋巴结及肝脏", "D": "病变累及左颈及纵隔淋巴结"}, "answer": "病变累及右侧颈、腋下和腹股沟淋巴结", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "化脓性脑膜炎与病毒性脑膜炎在CSF检查中的区别是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑脊液透明", "B": "脑脊液压力", "C": "脑脊液细胞总数", "D": "糖减少"}, "answer": "糖减少", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于单克隆免疫球蛋白,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "是人体受抗原刺激后,由不同浆细胞产生的", "B": "多见于恶性浆细胞疾病", "C": "多不能检出抗体活性", "D": "也可见于淋巴细胞恶性增生性疾病"}, "answer": "是人体受抗原刺激后,由不同浆细胞产生的", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "初级胆汁酸不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "鹅脱氧胆酸", "B": "脱氧胆酸", "C": "牛磺胆酸", "D": "甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸"}, "answer": "脱氧胆酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.因使用青霉素引起药物诱导的溶血性贫血的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "表位扩展", "B": "分子模拟", "C": "自身抗原的改变", "D": "隐蔽抗原的释放"}, "answer": "自身抗原的改变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于硝酸甘油,哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "使细胞内cAMP增加,松弛平滑肌", "B": "使细胞内cGMP增加,松弛平滑肌", "C": "大剂量能加快心率", "D": "反复用药能产生耐受性"}, "answer": "使细胞内cAMP增加,松弛平滑肌", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "成人呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)的最重要的诊断依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸频率增加,每分钟大于28次", "B": "肺泡气-动脉血氧分压差降低", "C": "氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)<300", "D": "血气分析显示为低氧伴轻度二氧化碳潴留"}, "answer": "氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)<300", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "成人心肺复苏的合理顺序是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸外按压→人工呼吸→开放气道", "B": "开放气道→人工呼吸→胸外按压", "C": "人工呼吸→胸外按压→开放气道", "D": "胸外按压→开放气道→人工呼吸"}, "answer": "胸外按压→开放气道→人工呼吸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "中枢神经兴奋剂是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "司可巴比妥", "B": "哌替啶", "C": "甲丙氨酯", "D": "苯丙胺"}, "answer": "苯丙胺", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "实现下丘脑与神经垂体之间的功能联系,是通过(  )。", "options": {"A": "下丘脑促垂体区", "B": "下丘脑-垂体束", "C": "正中隆起", "D": "下丘脑调节肽"}, "answer": "下丘脑-垂体束", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以下哪项可作为苯丙酮尿症的早期诊断依据?(  )", "options": {"A": "毛发黄,皮肤白", "B": "尿三氯化铁试验阳性", "C": "特殊面容加惊厥发作", "D": "血苯丙酮酸浓度增高"}, "answer": "血苯丙酮酸浓度增高", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于HLA-Ⅱ类分子的错误描述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "由α和β两条肽链借非共价键连接组成", "B": "能与CD4分子结合", "C": "能与CD8分子结合", "D": "由人类第6号染色体短臂上HLA复合体基因编码"}, "answer": "能与CD8分子结合", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "存在于核酸分子中的碱基有几种?(  )", "options": {"A": "2种", "B": "3种", "C": "5种", "D": "6种"}, "answer": "5种", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.肾上腺髓质主要分泌(  )。", "options": {"A": "醛固酮", "B": "皮质醇", "C": "肾上腺素", "D": "肾素"}, "answer": "肾上腺素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "间日疟的典型发作中,没有(  )。", "options": {"A": "前驱期", "B": "寒战期", "C": "高热期", "D": "间歇期"}, "answer": "前驱期", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不论进行何种心理治疗,治疗者均应遵守下列原则,但除外?(  )", "options": {"A": "保密原则", "B": "耐心原则", "C": "中立与回避原则", "D": "标准化原则"}, "answer": "标准化原则", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,20岁,因间歇寒战、高热、头痛10天入院。血涂片查见间日疟原虫,确诊为间日疟。4.如患者在治疗过程中出现寒战、高热、腰痛、酱油色尿及贫血、黄疸,考虑下列哪种情况可能性大?(  )", "options": {"A": "黑尿热", "B": "蚕豆病", "C": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血", "D": "镰刀形红细胞增多症"}, "answer": "黑尿热", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "25岁,男性,春季,主诉寒战,高热,剧烈头痛1天,呕吐3次,查体:神志清楚,体温39.8℃,颈强直(+),皮肤有瘀点,咽部充血,心肺腹无异常,克氏征阴性,血白细胞20×109/L,中性粒85%,腰穿:脑脊液米汤样,细胞数3000×106/L,中性80%,糖1.12mmol/L。2.可能出现的并发症有(  )。", "options": {"A": "化脓性关节炎", "B": "肺炎", "C": "心内膜炎", "D": "以上均是"}, "answer": "以上均是", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,23岁。寒战,高热,咳浓痰2天。查体:体温39.2℃,左肺闻及湿啰音,X线胸片示:左下肺大片状致密影,给予抗生素治疗,2天后症状加重,胸痛并呼吸困难,左胸呼吸音降低,胸片示左胸腔积液3.在治疗中的错误方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全身支持治疗", "B": "应用广谱抗生素", "C": "胸膜腔闭式引流", "D": "胸膜腔开放引流"}, "answer": "胸膜腔开放引流", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.上述哪项是丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)的主要传播途径?(  )", "options": {"A": "消化道传播", "B": "输血传播", "C": "呼吸道传播", "D": "直接接触传播"}, "answer": "输血传播", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.1~4个月小儿贫血的标准(  )。", "options": {"A": "Hb<150g/L", "B": "Hb<120g/L", "C": "Hb<110g/L", "D": "Hb<90g/L"}, "answer": "Hb<90g/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "剧烈呕吐后的呕血多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化性溃疡", "B": "急性胃黏膜病", "C": "胆石症", "D": "食管贲门黏膜撕裂伤"}, "answer": "食管贲门黏膜撕裂伤", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2岁男孩,因发热2天伴喘息入院,既往曾有两次类似发作,婴儿期湿疹较重,外祖父有“过敏性鼻炎”。查体:T37.8℃,R45次/分,P114次/分,双肺可闻哮鸣音。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管异物", "B": "咳嗽变异性哮喘", "C": "婴幼儿哮喘", "D": "毛细支气管炎"}, "answer": "婴幼儿哮喘", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.专性需氧菌(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核分枝杆菌", "B": "空肠弯曲菌", "C": "产气荚膜杆菌", "D": "噬菌体"}, "answer": "结核分枝杆菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "流行性出血热早期休克的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小血管通透性增强,血浆外渗,血容量下降", "B": "心肌损害", "C": "播散性血管内凝血", "D": "腔道大出血或继发感染"}, "answer": "小血管通透性增强,血浆外渗,血容量下降", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心理过程包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "认识过程、情感过程、意志过程", "B": "感觉、知觉、记忆", "C": "自我认识、自我体验、自我调控", "D": "能力、气质、性格"}, "answer": "认识过程、情感过程、意志过程", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "狭窄性腱鞘炎,疗效较好的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "限制活动", "B": "内服止痛药物", "C": "伤湿止痛膏局部贴敷", "D": "醋酸泼尼松龙局部封闭"}, "answer": "醋酸泼尼松龙局部封闭", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "长期大量使用糖皮质激素,可导致(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺皮质高度增生", "B": "肾上腺皮质逐渐萎缩", "C": "肾上腺髓质萎缩", "D": "促肾上腺皮质激素分泌增加"}, "answer": "肾上腺皮质逐渐萎缩", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,48岁。5年前患右上肺结核,痰菌阳性,经异烟肼、链霉素和乙胺丁醇治疗6个月,痰菌转阴,病灶明显吸收,自行停药,未再随访。近1个月来感乏力,2天前起咳嗽,痰中带血就诊。X线胸片示右上肺大片密影,边缘不清,密度不均,高密度病灶部分隐约见有钙化。侧位病变位于肺上叶尖后段,呈团块状,约4cm×4.5cm大小,边界毛糙。家庭中近期有人患肺结核。3.如果该患者既往治疗极不规则,而肺结核复发。则复治方案必须做到(  )。", "options": {"A": "保留异烟肼,再联合至少两种预计敏感药物", "B": "原方案再加利福平或利福喷汀", "C": "异烟肼、利福平、吡嗪酰胺联合", "D": "原方案加利福平、环丙沙星"}, "answer": "保留异烟肼,再联合至少两种预计敏感药物", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "HMG—CoA还原酶抑制剂是(  )。", "options": {"A": "考来烯胺", "B": "非诺贝特", "C": "洛伐他汀", "D": "普罗布考"}, "answer": "洛伐他汀", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,女,8个月牛奶喂养,未添加辅食,逐渐出现面色苍白,爱哭闹,查体:体重8kg,睑结膜、甲床苍白,头发干枯,心率120次/分,心音有力,呼吸30次/分,无啰音,腹软,肝肋下3cm,脾肋下2cm,皮肤无出血点。2.下列哪项检查最有意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "心肌酶谱", "B": "长骨拍片", "C": "血常规分析", "D": "骨髓穿刺"}, "answer": "血常规分析", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,55岁。上腹部不适2个月。进食后饱胀,有时伴疼痛,食欲下降、乏力,症状逐渐加重。为明确诊断首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃镜", "B": "食管24小时pH监测", "C": "腹部X线片", "D": "腹部CT"}, "answer": "胃镜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.大红肾见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "弥漫性毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎", "B": "弥漫性系膜增生性肾小球肾炎", "C": "弥漫性膜性增生性肾小球肾炎", "D": "轻微病变性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "弥漫性毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "9岁男孩,营养发育正常,体重26kg、身长133cm、头围53cm,胸围最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "53cm", "B": "61cm", "C": "63cm", "D": "65cm"}, "answer": "61cm", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.男性,45岁。醉酒后出现发热、咳嗽。1周后咳黏液脓性痰伴胸痛。胸部CT提示下叶背段大片模糊阴影,密度不均匀.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎", "B": "肺脓肿", "C": "支气管扩张症", "D": "肺结核"}, "answer": "肺脓肿", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有一患者经常胃痛,钡透发现幽门区有一约1.5cm的缺损,临床诊断为慢性胃溃疡,溃疡处镜下可能见到的主要病变为(  )。", "options": {"A": "病变区有肉芽组织长入", "B": "病变区有平滑肌增生", "C": "病变区有钙化", "D": "病变区有血管增生"}, "answer": "病变区有肉芽组织长入", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "导致渗透性利尿的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉注入甘露醇", "B": "静脉注入0.9%NaCl溶液", "C": "静脉注入5%葡萄糖溶液", "D": "大量饮清水"}, "answer": "静脉注入甘露醇", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于结核菌素试验,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞免疫功能低下的结核患者可表现为阴性结果", "B": "阳性结果表示有活动性结核", "C": "用于判断卡介苗接种后的免疫效果", "D": "可用于测定肿瘤患者的细胞免疫功能"}, "answer": "阳性结果表示有活动性结核", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,停经35天,疑为早孕,下列哪一项与之不符?(  )", "options": {"A": "乳房胀感", "B": "子宫偏软略大", "C": "子宫峡部变硬", "D": "阴道白色糊状分泌物增多"}, "answer": "子宫峡部变硬", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,55岁。皮肤黄染进行性加重1个月,10天前发现小便呈浓茶样,近几天来大便呈灰白色。查体:T 36.8℃,皮肤、巩膜黄染,腹软,右上腹可触及肿大的胆囊,无压痛,无反跳痛。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝细胞性肝癌", "B": "肝门部胆管癌", "C": "胆囊结石", "D": "胰头癌"}, "answer": "胰头癌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.抗利尿激素作用的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "近球小体", "B": "近曲小管", "C": "髓袢升支粗段", "D": "远曲小管和集合管"}, "answer": "远曲小管和集合管", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.小儿泌尿系梗阻常见原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "盆腔内疾病", "B": "先天性畸形", "C": "前列腺增生症", "D": "包皮过长"}, "answer": "先天性畸形", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,28岁,初孕,平素月经规律,妊娠40周,孕期检查正常,今自觉胎动减少,查体:T 36.0℃,P 70次/分,R 20次/分,BP 110/70mmHg,超声检查:羊水最大暗区2.5cm,指数7.0cm,检查:宫颈管未消,宫口未开,先露-3,胎心率120次/分。2.对该孕妇首选的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "催产素激惹实验(OCT)", "B": "静脉注射地西泮", "C": "人工破膜", "D": "静脉滴注缩宫素引产"}, "answer": "催产素激惹实验(OCT)", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪一种情况尿中胆素原族排泄量减少?(  )", "options": {"A": "肠道阻塞", "B": "溶血", "C": "碱中毒", "D": "胆道阻塞"}, "answer": "胆道阻塞", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,62岁。近3个月来逐渐出现上腹不适,进食后饱胀、嗳气,纤维胃镜发现大弯侧胃壁上1cm大小块状肿物,与周围组织界限不清,病理提示恶性。3.该疾病治疗最关键是(  )。", "options": {"A": "彻底清除淋巴结", "B": "切除范围距肿瘤边缘6~9cm", "C": "术后坚持化疗", "D": "早诊早治"}, "answer": "早诊早治", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有助于确诊的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血培养", "B": "大便常规", "C": "粪便培养", "D": "外周血象"}, "answer": "粪便培养", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对《中华人民共和国执业医师法》的适用范围描述最全面的一项是(  )。", "options": {"A": "依法取得执业医师资格的人", "B": "依法取得执业医师资格或者执业助理医师资格,在医疗机构中执业的专业医务人员", "C": "依法取得执业医师资格或者执业助理医师资格,经注册在医疗机构中执业的专业医务人员", "D": "依法取得执业医师资格或者执业助理医师资格,经注册在医疗、预防、保健机构中执业的专业医务人员"}, "answer": "依法取得执业医师资格或者执业助理医师资格,经注册在医疗、预防、保健机构中执业的专业医务人员", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.抑制血管紧张素Ⅰ转化酶,且对高血压和慢性心功能不全患者疗效均比较突出(  )。", "options": {"A": "地高辛", "B": "硝酸甘油", "C": "扎莫特罗", "D": "卡托普利"}, "answer": "卡托普利", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有机磷中毒所致急性肺水肿,首选以下哪项进行抢救?(  )", "options": {"A": "呋塞米", "B": "阿托品", "C": "解磷定", "D": "毛花苷C"}, "answer": "阿托品", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.可用于艾滋病辅助诊断的免疫细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B淋巴细胞", "B": "树突状细胞", "C": "巨噬细胞", "D": "T细胞"}, "answer": "T细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1型糖尿病与2型糖尿病,最主要的区别为(  )。", "options": {"A": "发生酮症酸中毒的倾向不同", "B": "对胰岛素的敏感性不同", "C": "胰岛素的基础水平与释放曲线不同", "D": "血糖稳定性不同"}, "answer": "胰岛素的基础水平与释放曲线不同", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,68岁。陈旧前壁心肌梗死5年,劳累后心悸、气短2年,双下肢水肿半年,近1周气短加重,体力活动明显受限,从事一般家务活动即感喘憋,入院时心电图与2个月前相比无变化,该患者的心功能分级为(  )。", "options": {"A": "NYHA分级Ⅱ级", "B": "Killip分级Ⅱ级", "C": "Killip分级Ⅲ级", "D": "Killip分级Ⅳ级"}, "answer": "NYHA分级Ⅱ级", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项属于支持克隆人的理由?(  )", "options": {"A": "克隆人技术不成熟", "B": "严重干扰了人伦秩序", "C": "造成人的工具化倾向", "D": "造福不育症患者"}, "answer": "造福不育症患者", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在新生儿窒息ABCDE复苏程序中。1.最初复苏步骤不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "保暖", "B": "立即吸干净呼吸道黏液", "C": "复苏囊加压给氧", "D": "触觉刺激"}, "answer": "复苏囊加压给氧", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,35岁。双下肢水肿2周。查体:BP130/80mmHg,双下肢凹陷性水肿。尿常规:蛋白(+++),红细胞(++),血浆清蛋白28g/L,Scr 78μmol/L,尿蛋白定量3.6g/d。肾活检示肾小球系膜轻度增生,系膜区可见免疫复合物沉积。1.最可能的病理诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "局灶节段性肾小球硬化", "B": "微小病变性肾病", "C": "膜性肾病", "D": "系膜增生性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "系膜增生性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,59岁,因面部剧烈疼痛而来门诊就治,疼痛从右侧口角开始,放射至右外眦部,呈刀割样或撕裂样,暴发性,每次发作数秒钟,并常在说话,刷牙或咀嚼时触发。此种疼痛形式偶可出现于(  )。", "options": {"A": "多发性硬化", "B": "颅后窝动脉瘤", "C": "神经瘤", "D": "所有上述疾病"}, "answer": "所有上述疾病", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "通过内心信念来实现的医德是(  )。", "options": {"A": "自我评价", "B": "医院制度", "C": "国家规范", "D": "科室评比"}, "answer": "自我评价", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,3个月。生长发育良好,体重为5kg,因母亲患慢性疾病,须停用母乳而改牛奶喂养。2.该婴儿每天需8%糖牛奶量及另需补充的水分各为(  )ml。", "options": {"A": "350,100", "B": "550,200", "C": "650,250", "D": "750,300"}, "answer": "550,200", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "糖皮质激素对造血系统的影响,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "刺激骨髓造血,使红细胞及血红蛋白增加", "B": "使中性粒细胞数目增多", "C": "增强中性粒细胞对炎症区的浸润、吞噬活动", "D": "在肾上腺皮质功能减退时,促使淋巴组织增生"}, "answer": "增强中性粒细胞对炎症区的浸润、吞噬活动", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,60岁。突发意识丧失,心电监护示心电波形、振幅与频率均不规则,无法辨认QRS波群、ST段与T波。该患者应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "利多卡因1~1.5mg/kg静脉注射", "B": "胺碘酮150mg静脉注射", "C": "阿托品0.1mg静脉注射", "D": "360J直流电除颤"}, "answer": "360J直流电除颤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "因母乳中维生素K含量少,所以单纯母乳喂养的小儿容易发生(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病", "B": "营养性贫血", "C": "出血", "D": "反复感染"}, "answer": "出血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,45岁。慢性肾小球肾炎、高血压病史3年。规律服用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂和螺内酯治疗。1周前“上呼吸道感染”后出现尿量减少,近2天尿量约100ml/d。该患者最可能出现的电解质紊乱是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血钾降低", "B": "血镁降低", "C": "血钙升高", "D": "血钾升高"}, "answer": "血钾升高", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病激期血生化的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清钙正常,血清磷降低,碱性磷酸酶降低", "B": "血清钙降低,血清磷降低,碱性磷酸酶增高", "C": "血清钙降低,血清磷正常,碱性磷酸酶增高", "D": "血清钙降低,血清磷增高,碱性磷酸酶降低"}, "answer": "血清钙降低,血清磷降低,碱性磷酸酶增高", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胃肠黏膜因炎症等病变致血浆,黏液渗出所致的腹泻称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "动力性腹泻", "B": "吸收不良性腹泻", "C": "渗出性腹泻", "D": "分泌性腹泻"}, "answer": "渗出性腹泻", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.患者,女,30岁。发热3天,晕厥1次,心电图显示第三度房室传导阻滞,心室率40次/分(  )。", "options": {"A": "临时心脏起搏器植入", "B": "硝酸甘油", "C": "直流电复律", "D": "毛花苷丙(西地兰)"}, "answer": "临时心脏起搏器植入", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男孩,3岁。乏力1周。查体:胸骨左缘第3~4肋间闻及4/6级吹风样收缩期杂音,肺动脉瓣区第二心音亢进,心尖部闻及短促舒张期杂音。胸部X线片,双肺充血,左右心室均大,以左心为著,肺动脉段突出,主动脉结偏小。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "室间隔缺损合并动脉导管未闭", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "房间隔缺损", "D": "房间隔缺损合并动脉导管未闭"}, "answer": "室间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不属于细胞和组织的适应性反应的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肥大", "B": "萎缩", "C": "变性", "D": "化生"}, "answer": "变性", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "髋关节脱位的最常见类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "前脱位", "B": "后脱位", "C": "合并髋臼骨折的脱位", "D": "合并股骨头骨折的脱位"}, "answer": "后脱位", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,44岁。上腹部疼痛4天,右下腹疼痛10小时,体温37.8℃,既往有溃疡病史,拟诊急性阑尾炎行手术探查。术中发现右髂窝内有较多淡黄色混浊液体,阑尾外观无异常。诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "直肠癌", "B": "单纯性阑尾炎", "C": "右侧输尿管结石伴感染", "D": "十二指肠壶腹部(球部)溃疡穿孔"}, "answer": "十二指肠壶腹部(球部)溃疡穿孔", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,28岁。婚后5年未孕,月经稀发,肥胖,多毛。妇科检查:子宫未见异常,双侧卵巢稍大。基础体温单相。2.该患者促排卵治疗,需要注意防止的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝脏损害", "B": "卵巢早衰", "C": "卵泡黄素化未破裂综合征", "D": "卵巢过度刺激综合征"}, "answer": "卵巢过度刺激综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,55岁,近半年来常无故焦虑,担心,夜间不眠伴全身不适,心慌、憋气、多汗,食睡不安,以下最适宜的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗躁狂治疗", "B": "抗精神病治疗", "C": "抗焦虑治疗加心理治疗", "D": "休养"}, "answer": "抗焦虑治疗加心理治疗", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列具有致畸胎作用的抗癫痫药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯妥英钠", "B": "苯巴比妥", "C": "卡马西平", "D": "苯二氮类"}, "answer": "苯妥英钠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于多囊卵巢综合征,下列哪项是不恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "体内LH呈持续高水平,但不出现峰值", "B": "体内FSH无峰值,呈持续高水平", "C": "长期高雄激素影响", "D": "持续LH分泌可引起肾上腺分泌雄激素增加"}, "answer": "体内FSH无峰值,呈持续高水平", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列不应预防性应用抗生素的手术是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹外疝修补术", "B": "门静脉高压症分流术", "C": "结肠癌根治术", "D": "主动脉瘤切除血管移植术"}, "answer": "腹外疝修补术", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列人员中一定不能予以医师执业注册的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "受过刑事处罚的", "B": "受行政处罚,自处罚执行完毕之日起至申请注册之日止不满两年的", "C": "不具有完全民事行为能力的", "D": "受吊销医师执业证书行政处罚,自处罚决定之日起至申请注册之日止已满两年但不满三年的"}, "answer": "不具有完全民事行为能力的", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "启动子指(  )。", "options": {"A": "与阻遏蛋白结合的DNA序列", "B": "与RNA聚合酶结合的DNA序列", "C": "DNA分子中能转录的序列", "D": "与顺式作用元件结合的序列"}, "answer": "与RNA聚合酶结合的DNA序列", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,21岁,舞蹈演员。8个月前,因同事偶尔说了句“最近胖了”遂采取各种措施节食,家人劝阻时,以食欲不佳等理由拒绝进餐,体重由以往54kg降至32kg(身高1.65m),近3个月来出现闭经,体检见皮肤干燥、苍白,形体消瘦,严重营养不良。1.根据以上病史,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心因性反应", "B": "神经性厌食症", "C": "焦虑症", "D": "癔症"}, "answer": "神经性厌食症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "CD3和CD4抗原存在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "所有外周T细胞", "B": "所有外周淋巴细胞", "C": "Th1和Th2", "D": "Th1和Tc"}, "answer": "Th1和Th2", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,36岁。呕血1小时,患肝硬化门静脉高压症多年。查体:巩膜黄染,中等量腹水,血白蛋白25g/L。首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "断流手术", "B": "选择性门体分流术", "C": "三腔二囊管压迫止血", "D": "非选择性门体分流术"}, "answer": "三腔二囊管压迫止血", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "我国社区卫生服务体系建设内容不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "坚持公益性质,完善社区卫生服务功能", "B": "建设大型综合性医院", "C": "加强社区卫生服务队伍建设与完善社区卫生服务运行机制", "D": "坚持政府主导、鼓励社会参与,建立健全社会卫生服务网络"}, "answer": "建设大型综合性医院", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,28岁。频繁发作右下额区剧烈疼痛3个月。呈闪电样、刀割样痛,洗脸刷牙讲话均可诱发。听力正常,面部无麻刺感,张口无困难,查体:颞额关节无明显压痛。神经系统未见明显阳性体征。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "牙周炎", "B": "三叉神经痛", "C": "腮腺炎", "D": "颞额关节紊乱"}, "answer": "三叉神经痛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗阵发性室上性心动过速的首选药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯妥英钠", "B": "奎尼丁", "C": "维拉帕米", "D": "利多卡因"}, "answer": "维拉帕米", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是内毒素的主要成分?(  )", "options": {"A": "脂蛋白", "B": "脂多糖", "C": "肽聚糖", "D": "磷壁酸"}, "answer": "脂多糖", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "婚前医学检查主要内容(  )。", "options": {"A": "进行性卫生知识、生育知识、遗传病知识的教育", "B": "对严重遗传病、指定传染病的检查", "C": "对有关婚配问题提供医学意见", "D": "以上均是"}, "answer": "对严重遗传病、指定传染病的检查", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,56岁。乏力,食欲不振、恶心、消瘦1个月。乙型肝炎病史10年。查体:皮肤、巩膜无黄染,腹软,剑突下压痛,肝肋下3cm,可触及质硬的结节,Murphy征阴性,移动性浊音阳性。1.为明确肝脏结节性质,最有诊断价值的肿瘤标志物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CA125", "B": "CK19", "C": "AFP", "D": "CA199"}, "answer": "AFP", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,67岁。发作性胸骨闷痛4个月,近1周劳动耐量减小,发作频率高及疼痛时间增加来诊。2.最有助于确诊的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CT检查", "B": "冠状动脉造影", "C": "心电图", "D": "心肌酶检查"}, "answer": "冠状动脉造影", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,48岁,摔倒后枕部着地,昏迷30分钟,急诊头颅CT检查示双额颞叶高低密度混杂影,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硬脑膜下血肿", "B": "蛛网膜下腔出血", "C": "脑挫裂伤", "D": "脑震荡"}, "answer": "脑挫裂伤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "未经医师(士)亲自诊查患者或亲自接产,医疗机构不得出具某些证明文件,但可以出具(  )。", "options": {"A": "疾病诊断书", "B": "健康证明书", "C": "死产报告书", "D": "医疗纠纷分析书面证言"}, "answer": "医疗纠纷分析书面证言", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项为心境障碍的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "发作一次,残留阴性症状", "B": "反复发作,有可能自行缓解", "C": "反复发作,从无缓解期", "D": "一次发作,从不缓解"}, "answer": "反复发作,有可能自行缓解", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "52岁男性,突发脑出血、头痛、呕吐、昏迷,血压190/90mmHg,应迅速采取的措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "止血治疗", "B": "降颅压治疗", "C": "维持生命体征", "D": "防治血管痉挛"}, "answer": "降颅压治疗", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "脾切除对下列哪一种溶血性贫血疗效最好?(  )", "options": {"A": "阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿", "B": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血", "C": "遗传性球形红细胞增多症", "D": "红细胞6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶缺乏症"}, "answer": "遗传性球形红细胞增多症", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "迷走神经兴奋可使心脏(  )。", "options": {"A": "心率减慢、传导减慢、心房肌不应期缩短", "B": "心率加快、传导减慢、心房肌不应期缩短", "C": "心率加快、传导加快、心房肌不应期缩短", "D": "心率减慢、传导加快、心房肌不应期缩短"}, "answer": "心率减慢、传导减慢、心房肌不应期缩短", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是H+泵抑制药?(  )", "options": {"A": "胶体碱,枸橼酸铋", "B": "奥美拉唑", "C": "哌仑西平", "D": "法莫替丁"}, "answer": "奥美拉唑", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.伤寒病(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性增生性炎", "B": "急性化脓性炎", "C": "急性渗出性炎", "D": "慢性增生性炎"}, "answer": "急性增生性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "协调性子宫收缩乏力行人工破膜适用的临床情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "臂先露,宫口开大2cm", "B": "足先露,宫口开大4cm", "C": "枕先露,S=0,宫口开大4cm", "D": "肩显露,宫口开大3cm"}, "answer": "枕先露,S=0,宫口开大4cm", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,18岁。发现颈部肿大6个月。查体发现甲状腺功能正常,脉搏75次/分,B超:甲状腺呈弥漫性轻度肿大,未见肿大的淋巴结。首选治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "131碘治疗", "B": "多食含碘的食物", "C": "甲基硫氧嘧啶", "D": "甲状腺次全切除术"}, "answer": "多食含碘的食物", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于Hb与O2结合的叙述,哪项错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "1分子Hb可以结合4分子O2", "B": "100ml血液中,Hb所能结合的最大O2量称为Hb氧含量", "C": "Hb与O2的结合或解离曲线呈S形", "D": "Hb4个亚单位间有协同效应"}, "answer": "100ml血液中,Hb所能结合的最大O2量称为Hb氧含量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.医生的权利是(  )。", "options": {"A": "具有独立做出诊断和治疗的权利及特殊干涉权", "B": "自主选择医院、医护人员", "C": "保持和恢复健康,积极配合医疗,支持医学科学研究", "D": "无条件接受人体实验"}, "answer": "具有独立做出诊断和治疗的权利及特殊干涉权", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对肱骨外上髁炎有诊断意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Mills征", "B": "Thomas征", "C": "Dugas征", "D": "“4”字试验"}, "answer": "Mills征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,34岁。近1月来反复出现阵发性恐惧、胸闷、濒死感,多次到医院急诊就诊。心电图检查未见异常。为此担心苦恼,但仍能坚持工作。既往体健。1.该患者的主要表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性焦虑发作", "B": "癔症发作", "C": "癫痫发作", "D": "心绞痛发作"}, "answer": "急性焦虑发作", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "促使胰液中各种酶分泌的重要体液因素为(  )。", "options": {"A": "促胃液素", "B": "胆盐", "C": "HCl", "D": "胆囊收缩素"}, "answer": "胆囊收缩素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "最常伴发急性左心功能不全的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "室间隔缺损", "B": "肺动脉瓣狭窄", "C": "急进型高血压", "D": "主动脉窦动脉瘤破裂入右心室"}, "answer": "急进型高血压", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "原核生物乳糖操纵子不含有(  )。", "options": {"A": "操纵序列O", "B": "启动序列P", "C": "增强子", "D": "调节基因I"}, "answer": "增强子", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,22岁,持续高热6天,颜面出现水肿性皮肤损害,伴膝、踝关节肿痛,下肢浮肿,有散在瘀点。化验:KSR 98mm/h,Hb 769/L,网织红细胞10%,Coombs试验(+),PLT 40×109/L,尿检蛋白(+++),RBC 6~8个/HP。本例最可能诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性肾炎", "B": "风湿热", "C": "SLE", "D": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血"}, "answer": "SLE", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者腰痛多年,时轻时重,伴双下肢痛。10天前搬重物后腰腿痛加剧,并出现麻木与排尿困难。查体:腰运动受限,椎旁压痛向下肢放散,直腿高举与足背屈附加试验阳性,马鞍区痛觉减退。2.最需要鉴别的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰扭伤", "B": "第三腰椎横突综合征", "C": "椎管内肿瘤", "D": "强直性脊柱炎"}, "answer": "椎管内肿瘤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "家属反映病人喜欢照镜子,此时,最应想到的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "被害妄想", "B": "感知综合障碍", "C": "人格解体", "D": "幻听"}, "answer": "感知综合障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者男,36岁,摩托车祸2小时,查体一般情况尚可。右小腿有一长约16cm的伤口,有胫骨断端外露,出血不多,并伴有广泛的软组织挫伤。2.最佳的处理方法应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "彻底清创伤口,外固定支架固定", "B": "彻底清创伤口,钢板内固定", "C": "彻底清创后行石膏托板外固定", "D": "观察3~5天后根据临床医师经验再做处理"}, "answer": "彻底清创伤口,外固定支架固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,31岁,高热、皮肤粘膜出血2周,红细胞2.5×1012/L,白细胞14.3×109/L,血小板55×109/L,骨髓原粒+早幼粒90%。最适当的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "泼尼松+环磷酰胺", "B": "泼尼松+长春新碱", "C": "马利兰", "D": "HOAP方案"}, "answer": "HOAP方案", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,55岁。胸骨后剧烈疼痛5小时,伴大汗淋漓,血压80/40mmHg,心率144次/分,面色苍白,四肢发冷,心电图提示广泛心肌梗死。3.该患者最理想的有效治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛花苷丙强心", "B": "尿激酶溶栓", "C": "主动脉内球囊反搏术", "D": "直接PTCA术"}, "answer": "主动脉内球囊反搏术", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.细胞毒损伤的典型代表(  )。", "options": {"A": "输血反应", "B": "反复性化脓性感染", "C": "肺-出血肾炎综合征", "D": "急性体液排斥"}, "answer": "输血反应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某心理治疗师婉拒了一位正在接受其治疗的患者请其吃饭的邀请。该心理治疗师的这一行为所遵循的心理治疗原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "关系限定原则", "B": "真诚原则", "C": "客观中立原则", "D": "回避原则"}, "answer": "关系限定原则", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.输尿管结石引起少尿是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球滤过率降低", "B": "囊内压升高", "C": "水利尿", "D": "尿崩症"}, "answer": "囊内压升高", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "传染病的病原学及免疫学检查方法不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "特异性抗原检测", "B": "粪便涂片革兰染色", "C": "细菌培养", "D": "病毒分离"}, "answer": "粪便涂片革兰染色", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "第一心音产生的原因主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "房室瓣开放", "B": "房室瓣关闭", "C": "动脉瓣开放", "D": "动脉瓣关闭"}, "answer": "房室瓣关闭", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医疗机构配制的制剂,应当符合下列要求,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "必须按照规定进行质量检验", "B": "可以部分在市场销售", "C": "凭医师处方在本医疗机构使用", "D": "不得在市场销售"}, "answer": "可以部分在市场销售", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.斑疹伤寒立克次体的传播媒介(  )。", "options": {"A": "蚊", "B": "蚤", "C": "虱", "D": "螨"}, "answer": "蚤", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "溶血性链球菌感染常导致(  )。", "options": {"A": "假膜性炎", "B": "浆液性炎", "C": "出血性炎", "D": "蜂窝织炎"}, "answer": "蜂窝织炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "诊断溶血性贫血最可靠的实验室检查异常结果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清红细胞生成素减低", "B": "血清间接胆红素升高", "C": "红细胞寿命缩短", "D": "外周血红细胞形态异常"}, "answer": "红细胞寿命缩短", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "抗体发挥负调节作用的主要机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "形成免疫复合物后激活补体,溶解免疫复合物", "B": "与BCR竞争抗原或引起受体交联", "C": "通过ADCC介导NK细胞杀伤免疫活性细胞", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "与BCR竞争抗原或引起受体交联", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗脆弱拟杆菌感染所致吸入性肺脓肿首选的抗菌药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "万古霉素", "B": "青霉素", "C": "克林霉素", "D": "红霉素"}, "answer": "克林霉素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于胎儿血循环特点,以下错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎盘来的动脉血经脐动脉进入胎儿体内", "B": "右心房血可经卵圆孔入左心房", "C": "动脉导管开放", "D": "胎儿期供应上肢血氧含量较下半身高"}, "answer": "胎盘来的动脉血经脐动脉进入胎儿体内", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性小脑幕上硬膜外血肿,最常见的出血来源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑膜中静脉", "B": "脑膜中动脉", "C": "静脉窦", "D": "骨折的板障静脉"}, "answer": "脑膜中动脉", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,30岁。G1P0,妊娠36周,双胎。第一胎儿娩后阴道大量流血,此时应采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "迅速补液,等待宫缩", "B": "给予缩宫素,等待第二个胎儿娩出", "C": "立即破膜,娩出第二胎儿", "D": "先取出第一个胎盘再娩出二个胎儿"}, "answer": "立即破膜,娩出第二胎儿", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "佝偻病性手足搐搦症在幼儿及儿童多见的典型表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "喉痉挛", "B": "手足搐搦", "C": "惊厥", "D": "枕秃"}, "answer": "手足搐搦", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项为皮质醇增多症特有的临床表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "高血压", "B": "骨质疏松", "C": "向心性肥胖", "D": "糖耐量减低"}, "answer": "向心性肥胖", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不属于阵发性室上性心动过速临床特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "突发突止", "B": "心率>150次/分", "C": "第一心音强弱不等", "D": "大部分由折返机制引起"}, "answer": "第一心音强弱不等", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,35岁。发热20余天就诊。体温在38℃左右。体检:腹部饱满,腹壁柔韧感,全腹轻度压痛及反跳痛。肝脾肋下未扪及,移动浊音(+)。血白细胞2×109/L,中性粒细胞0.75,淋巴细胞0.25。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脏器穿孔", "B": "肝硬化腹水", "C": "结核性腹膜炎", "D": "腹膜癌"}, "answer": "结核性腹膜炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列情形中可以参加执业医师资格考试的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "有中等专业学校医学专业学历,在医疗机构中工作满5年", "B": "有中等专业学校医学专业学历,在医疗机构中工作满3年", "C": "有中等专业学校医学专业学历,在医疗机构中试用期满5年", "D": "取得执业助理医师执业证书后,具有中等专业学校医学专业学历,在医疗机构中工作满5年的"}, "answer": "取得执业助理医师执业证书后,具有中等专业学校医学专业学历,在医疗机构中工作满5年的", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,重体力劳动工人。腰腿痛,向左下肢放射,咳嗽、喷嚏时加重1月。检查:腰部活动明显受限,并向左倾斜,直腿抬高试验阳性。病程中无低热、盗汗、消瘦症状。1.首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰肌劳损", "B": "腰椎管狭窄症", "C": "腰椎间盘突出症", "D": "强直性脊柱炎"}, "answer": "腰椎间盘突出症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,30岁,2周前曾去南方出差,2天前突然寒战、高热,体温最高达39.5℃,4小时后大汗淋漓、热退。2.为确定诊断应做哪一项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "骨髓象检查", "B": "血液涂片查疟原虫", "C": "血常规", "D": "血细菌培养"}, "answer": "血液涂片查疟原虫", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列物质中哪一个属于阿片类物质(  )。", "options": {"A": "度冷丁", "B": "速可眠", "C": "奋乃静", "D": "酣乐欣"}, "answer": "度冷丁", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一般优势半球指的是下述哪一项特征占优势的一侧半球?(  )", "options": {"A": "运动功能", "B": "重量", "C": "感觉功能", "D": "语言活动功能"}, "answer": "语言活动功能", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "初种麻疹减毒活疫苗的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生后4个月", "B": "生后8个月", "C": "4岁时加强一次", "D": "8岁时加强一次"}, "answer": "生后8个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,45岁,有糖尿病史10年,长期使用降血糖药。一月前合并肺结核,又合用抗结核药及退烧药,血象检查粒细胞减少,是哪一种药的不良反应?(  )", "options": {"A": "阿司匹林", "B": "链霉素", "C": "珠蛋白锌胰岛素", "D": "氯磺丙脲"}, "answer": "氯磺丙脲", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对鉴别急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)与心源性肺水肿最有价值的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺功能", "B": "动脉血气分析", "C": "胸部X线片", "D": "Swan-Ganz导管"}, "answer": "Swan-Ganz导管", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "重度颅脑损伤深昏迷病人,维持呼吸道通畅,防止缺氧的最有效方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维持吸氧", "B": "彻底吸痰", "C": "气管切开", "D": "给予呼吸兴奋剂"}, "answer": "气管切开", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,40岁。3天前体检时B超发现右肝内一肿物,直径3cm。血AFP 500pg/L。其最有效的处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "经皮肿瘤穿刺注无水酒精", "B": "行肝段切除术", "C": "放射治疗", "D": "免疫治疗"}, "answer": "行肝段切除术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "血浆蛋白浓度降低所致水肿的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血浆胶体渗透压降低", "B": "动脉血压升高", "C": "淋巴回流量减少", "D": "组织液静水压升高"}, "answer": "血浆胶体渗透压降低", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,40岁。呕血2小时急诊就诊。面色苍白,口渴,脉搏快但有力。既往十二指肠溃疡病史10年。在急诊室抢救时,胃镜止血未成功,24小时输血量达到1600ml仍未改善症状。应采取的进一步治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急症剖腹探查", "B": "冰盐水200ml加去甲肾上腺素8ml洗胃", "C": "双静脉通道晶体、胶体同时输注", "D": "静脉应用止血药"}, "answer": "急症剖腹探查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "能引起较严重贫血的疟疾是(  )。", "options": {"A": "三日疟", "B": "卵形疟", "C": "恶性疟", "D": "输血后疟症"}, "answer": "恶性疟", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "5.A群链球菌产生(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠毒素", "B": "神经毒素", "C": "细胞毒素", "D": "红疹毒素"}, "answer": "红疹毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "桡骨茎突狭窄性腱鞘炎,下述哪一体征为阳性?(  )", "options": {"A": "Finkelstein征", "B": "Thomas征.", "C": "Mills征", "D": "Dugas征"}, "answer": "Finkelstein征", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "阈刺激是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "阈值", "B": "强度阈", "C": "刺激阈", "D": "阈强度的刺激"}, "answer": "阈强度的刺激", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者朱某因阑尾炎住院,医生甲认为应当立即手术,朱某不同意,要求保守治疗。至第二天晚间,发生阑尾炎穿孔,急行手术。术者医生乙告知患者,由于没及时手术,已形成严重腹膜炎,后遗症难免。术后几天中,朱某一直腹痛。主治医生丙认为是腹膜炎所致,未予特殊处理。后发现是腹内遗留一把止血钳所致。3.患者和医疗单位对此事性质的确认和处理有争议时,可(  )。", "options": {"A": "由当地医疗事故技术鉴定委员会鉴定并处理", "B": "由医疗单位组织专家鉴定并最终处理", "C": "由当地医疗事故技术鉴定委员会鉴定,医疗单位处理", "D": "由当地医疗事故技术鉴定委员会鉴定,卫生行政部门处理"}, "answer": "由当地医疗事故技术鉴定委员会鉴定,卫生行政部门处理", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "中枢化学感觉器敏感的刺激物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血液中的CO2", "B": "血液中的H+", "C": "脑脊液中的H+", "D": "动脉血O2分压降低"}, "answer": "脑脊液中的H+", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "麻疹病人解除隔离的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "隔离至热退", "B": "皮疹完全退后", "C": "出疹后5天", "D": "出疹后3~4天"}, "answer": "出疹后5天", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,19岁。右上腹被汽车撞伤2小时。查体:P 138次/分,BP 80/60mmHg,面色苍白,四肢厥冷,腹肌紧张,压痛及反跳痛阳性,肠鸣音减弱。实验室检查:Hb 85g/L,WBC 2.8×109/L。最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小肠破裂", "B": "胃破裂", "C": "肝破裂", "D": "十二指肠和胰损伤"}, "answer": "肝破裂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "用阿司匹林治疗短暂性脑缺血发作的目的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "保护脑细胞", "B": "增加再灌注", "C": "预防复发", "D": "扩张血管"}, "answer": "预防复发", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,22岁,医学生。最近与男友发生了激烈争执,以致两人分手,情绪极度低落,也十分愤恨,来找学校心理咨询师求帮助。心理咨询师针对其情绪的调节提出的办法中不适合的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不断宣泄", "B": "降低期望", "C": "心理应对", "D": "改变认知"}, "answer": "不断宣泄", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,20岁,无任何症状,体检时,发现血清HBsAg阳性,转氨酶等其他肝功能检查均正常(  )。", "options": {"A": "显性感染", "B": "潜在性感染", "C": "病原体携带", "D": "重复感染"}, "answer": "病原体携带", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "根据《医疗事故处理条例》的规定,医患双方对患者的死因有异议时,应在患者死亡后多长时间之内进行尸检,如具备冻存条件的,可以延长至多长时间(  )。", "options": {"A": "24小时;7天", "B": "48小时;7天", "C": "48小时;5天", "D": "72小时;10天"}, "answer": "48小时;7天", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2岁患儿,自幼反复肺炎,身体瘦弱。查体:发育落后,胸骨左缘第2肋间听到收缩期、舒张期双期杂音,X线示左房、左室增大,主动脉弓增大,最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "室间隔缺损", "B": "动脉导管未闭", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "肺动脉狭窄"}, "answer": "动脉导管未闭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胚胎造血首先出现在(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝脏", "B": "胸腺", "C": "卵黄囊", "D": "淋巴结"}, "answer": "卵黄囊", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,50岁。因肝硬化一次排放腹水3000mL而无尿,诊断应首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肝衰竭", "B": "急性心力衰竭", "C": "肾前性肾衰竭", "D": "肾炎"}, "answer": "肾前性肾衰竭", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "可疑神经管缺陷的羊水过多孕妇,最常应用的检测方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血HCG值", "B": "血雌三醇值", "C": "血甲胎蛋白值", "D": "羊水卵磷脂/鞘磷脂比值"}, "answer": "血甲胎蛋白值", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "骨关节炎最典型的X线表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "关节肿胀", "B": "关节周围骨质疏松", "C": "软骨下骨硬化", "D": "关节间隙变窄"}, "answer": "关节间隙变窄", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.急性肺栓塞宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素K", "B": "氨甲环酸", "C": "华法林", "D": "尿激酶"}, "answer": "尿激酶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "影响骨折愈合的最重要的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "软组织损伤", "B": "静脉血栓", "C": "断端血供", "D": "健康情况"}, "answer": "断端血供", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,68岁。高血压15年,规律服用氢氯噻嗪和卡托普利降压,近3天来腹泻,呈稀水样便,尿量300~400ml/d,血尿素氮19mmol/L,尿渗透压600mOsm/kg·H2O。患者出现上述异常检测结果的最可能原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性间质性肾炎", "B": "肾后性梗阻", "C": "药物不良反应", "D": "血容量降低"}, "answer": "血容量降低", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "应激性溃疡出血时错误的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使用H2受体拮抗剂", "B": "经胃管灌注止血药物", "C": "胃镜下止血治疗", "D": "行胃壁切开电灼止血"}, "answer": "行胃壁切开电灼止血", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不符合硬化性肾小球肾炎的病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "75%的肾小球发生球性硬化", "B": "残存肾单位代偿肥大", "C": "肾实质萎缩", "D": "肾间质纤维化伴多量慢性炎细胞浸润"}, "answer": "肾间质纤维化伴多量慢性炎细胞浸润", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "免疫球蛋白的基本结构是(  )。", "options": {"A": "由四条相同的轻链组成", "B": "由四条相同的重链组成", "C": "由二硫键相连的四条肽链组成", "D": "由二硫键相连的二条肽链组成"}, "answer": "由二硫键相连的四条肽链组成", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.患者,男,29岁,右膝内侧逐渐隆起伴隐痛半年。X线片示:右胫骨干骺端有一破坏区,边缘呈膨胀性改变,中央有肥皂泡样阴影。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨软骨瘤", "B": "骨巨细胞瘤", "C": "骨囊肿", "D": "骨转移性癌"}, "answer": "骨巨细胞瘤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.水肿2个月,尿蛋白定量为4.5g/24h,以白蛋白为主,属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "滤过膜受损", "B": "基底膜受损", "C": "分子屏障受损", "D": "电荷屏障受损"}, "answer": "电荷屏障受损", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "可升高2型糖尿病患者血中胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)水平的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "西格列汀", "B": "格列美脲", "C": "阿卡波糖", "D": "吡格列酮"}, "answer": "西格列汀", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪项是铁的运输形式?(  )", "options": {"A": "Fe2+", "B": "Fe3+", "C": "Fe2+-转铁蛋白", "D": "Fe3+-转铁蛋白"}, "answer": "Fe3+-转铁蛋白", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.上述哪项是测定肺换气效率较好的指标(  )。", "options": {"A": "潮气量", "B": "肺活量", "C": "时间肺活量", "D": "通气与血流比值"}, "answer": "通气与血流比值", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,35岁,胫骨中1/3骨折,最容易发生的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胭动静脉受压", "B": "骨筋膜室综合征", "C": "腓总神经损伤", "D": "膝关节僵硬"}, "answer": "骨筋膜室综合征", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,68岁,因脑梗死住院半个月。近1周出现高热咳嗽、咳血痰。查体:T 39.2℃,意识模糊,呼吸急促,口唇发绀,双肺散在湿啰音,血常规WBC 20.2×109/L,N 0.92。胸片:右肺大片状阴影,其中可见多个气囊腔。该患者最可能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "B": "肺炎支原体肺炎", "C": "干酪性肺炎", "D": "真菌性肺炎"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男婴,足月自然分娩,脐绕颈1周,Apgar评分1分钟与5分钟分别是3分、7分,体检:小儿易激惹,拥抱反射增强,肌张力增高,偶有惊厥。5.治疗脑水肿用甘露醇,每次0.25~0.5g/kg,每4~6小时用1次,一般(  )。", "options": {"A": "应该连续用1天", "B": "应该连续用1~2天", "C": "应该连续用3~5天", "D": "应该连续用5~7天"}, "answer": "应该连续用3~5天", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性有机磷中毒最主要的死因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸衰竭", "B": "中毒性休克", "C": "中毒性心肌炎", "D": "电解质、酸碱平衡紊乱"}, "answer": "呼吸衰竭", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项提示左心功能不全?(  )", "options": {"A": "交替脉", "B": "水冲脉", "C": "脉短绌", "D": "脉细数"}, "answer": "交替脉", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "《医疗事故处理条例》规定患者在发生医疗纠纷的时候可以封存和复印病历,下列资料中哪项属于可以封存但不能复印的病历资料?(  )", "options": {"A": "会诊记录", "B": "门诊病历", "C": "手术及麻醉记录单", "D": "病理报告单"}, "answer": "会诊记录", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "后纵隔肿瘤最常见的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "畸胎瘤", "B": "神经源性肿瘤", "C": "胸腺瘤", "D": "胸内甲状腺"}, "answer": "神经源性肿瘤", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿结核性脑膜炎中期的主要临床表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈项强直,克氏征阳性", "B": "频繁惊厥", "C": "昏迷", "D": "精神淡漠,易怒,好哭"}, "answer": "颈项强直,克氏征阳性", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于精神分裂症的概述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一组病因未明的精神疾病", "B": "缓慢起病,病程迁延", "C": "有思维、情感、行为方面的障碍", "D": "通常有意识障碍及智能减退"}, "answer": "通常有意识障碍及智能减退", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,48岁。间歇性水肿10余年,伴恶心、呕吐2周。血红蛋白70g/L,血压20.7/14.7kPa(155/110mmHg),尿蛋白(++),颗粒管型2~4/HP,尿比重1.010~1.012。3.为了解该患者双侧肾脏是否已缩小,应首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉肾盂造影", "B": "CT", "C": "同位素肾图", "D": "B超"}, "answer": "B超", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5岁小儿,因发热10天,头痛、呕吐5天,惊厥2次收入院,初步诊断为结核性脑膜炎。确诊为结核性脑膜炎的证据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CT示梗阻性脑积水", "B": "脑脊液中找到结核杆菌", "C": "脑脊液外观呈毛玻璃样", "D": "脑脊液蛋白增高,糖、氯化物降低"}, "answer": "脑脊液中找到结核杆菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小肠黏膜细胞中脂肪的合成主要途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "利用甘油和脂肪酸再合成", "B": "利用一酯酰甘油和长链脂肪酸再合成", "C": "利用二酯酰甘油和长链脂肪酸再合成", "D": "不需要脂酰CoA转移酶"}, "answer": "利用一酯酰甘油和长链脂肪酸再合成", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不符合脑栓塞治疗的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗凝治疗预防脑栓塞再发", "B": "控制脑水肿和预防脑疝", "C": "外科手术摘除栓子", "D": "应用抗生素,防止并发症"}, "answer": "外科手术摘除栓子", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "迷走神经的耳廓凹面躯体感觉纤维中枢支终止于(  )。", "options": {"A": "迷走神经背核", "B": "三叉神经脊束核", "C": "疑核", "D": "孤束核"}, "answer": "三叉神经脊束核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不符合肺炎支原体肺炎X线改变的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "均质性的片状阴影", "B": "支气管肺炎改变", "C": "多发空洞", "D": "肺门阴影增浓"}, "answer": "多发空洞", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肾综合征出血热的病情轻重与病毒的动物宿主关系密切,下列哪种动物引起的病毒多较严重?(  )", "options": {"A": "褐家鼠", "B": "红背鼠", "C": "田鼠", "D": "黑线姬鼠"}, "answer": "黑线姬鼠", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,45岁。车祸致左枕部着地,当即意识丧失,送至附近医院途中右侧肢体间断性抽搐伴喷射状呕吐3次。查体:P 56次/分,BP 160/95mmHg,浅昏迷、躁动,右侧瞳孔直径约4mm,左侧2mm;对光反射:左侧存在,右侧消失,左侧肌力3级,右侧肌力5级;左枕部头皮血肿,颈项强直。3.优先采取的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "给予消炎药和神经营养药", "B": "适量输液和给予脱水剂", "C": "注射止血剂和输血", "D": "维持呼吸道通畅"}, "answer": "适量输液和给予脱水剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "静脉注射去甲肾上腺素后,出现血压升高,心率减慢,后者出现的主要是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "去甲肾上腺素对心脏的抑制作用", "B": "降压反射活动加强", "C": "降压反射活动减弱", "D": "大脑皮层心血管中枢活动减弱"}, "answer": "降压反射活动加强", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,65岁。既往有胆石症病史10年,突发右肝区绞痛,伴右肩区疼痛。右肩区疼痛的性质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "牵涉痛", "B": "躯体痛", "C": "痉挛性痛", "D": "体腔壁痛"}, "answer": "牵涉痛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列各项中有助于鉴别慢性粒细胞白血病与类白血病反应的不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "白细胞数升高,核左移", "B": "脾肿大", "C": "中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶活性降低", "D": "Ph染色体阳性"}, "answer": "白细胞数升高,核左移", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,18岁。急起四肢无力3天,大小便正常。病前1周有“上感”史。查体:双眼闭合无力,双侧咽反射迟钝,四肢肌力1~2级,肌张力低,腱反射消失,无明显感觉障碍。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多发性肌炎", "B": "重症肌无力", "C": "吉兰-巴雷综合征", "D": "周期性瘫痪"}, "answer": "吉兰-巴雷综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.上述哪项是与细菌传递遗传物质有关的?(  )", "options": {"A": "荚膜", "B": "普通菌毛", "C": "性菌毛", "D": "芽胞"}, "answer": "性菌毛", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "超声通过测量胎儿头臀长度估算孕周的最佳时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "10周", "B": "14周", "C": "16周", "D": "18周"}, "answer": "14周", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是具有润滑肠壁、软化粪便功能,且不被吸收的药?(  )。", "options": {"A": "甘油", "B": "庆大霉素", "C": "液体石蜡", "D": "开塞露"}, "answer": "液体石蜡", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以缺血性静息痛为主要症状时,提示血栓闭塞性脉管炎的分期是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅳ期", "B": "Ⅱa期", "C": "Ⅰ期", "D": "Ⅲ期"}, "answer": "Ⅲ期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.哪项是卡介苗的初种年龄?(  )", "options": {"A": "出生后2~3天至2个月", "B": "2个月", "C": "3个月以上", "D": "8个月"}, "answer": "出生后2~3天至2个月", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心理治疗有4个基本过程不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "技术手段准备阶段", "B": "治疗行动阶段", "C": "分析认识阶段", "D": "问题探索阶段"}, "answer": "技术手段准备阶段", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.生殖器疱疹的主要病原是(  )。", "options": {"A": "EBV", "B": "CMV", "C": "VZV", "D": "HSV-2"}, "answer": "HSV-2", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.人本主义疗法(  )。", "options": {"A": "Rogers(罗杰斯)", "B": "Skinner(斯金纳)", "C": "IvanPavlov(巴甫洛夫)", "D": "A.T.Beck(贝克)"}, "answer": "Rogers(罗杰斯)", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "月经来潮前性激素的生理变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "孕激素出现两个高峰", "B": "出现雌、孕激素高峰", "C": "只出现孕激素高峰", "D": "雌、孕激素均不出现高峰"}, "answer": "出现雌、孕激素高峰", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪项是感染性肉芽肿的特征性细胞?(  )", "options": {"A": "淋巴细胞及巨噬细胞", "B": "嗜酸粒细胞及浆细胞", "C": "单核巨噬细胞及中性粒细胞", "D": "多核巨细胞及类上皮细胞"}, "answer": "多核巨细胞及类上皮细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一女咨询者,35岁,某大学教师。3个月前因出国问题与领导争吵,而后逐渐表现出情绪低落、兴趣减退,对未来悲观失望,认为领导和同事都疏远她,常有怨天尤人的表现。能主动求医,接触良好。3.最合适的干预办法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神病院住院治疗", "B": "门诊精神科治疗", "C": "门诊心理咨询", "D": "家庭或社会心理治疗"}, "answer": "门诊心理咨询", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医学心理学对于健康和疾病的基本观点不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "认知评价的观点", "B": "个性特征作用的观点", "C": "情绪因素作用的观点", "D": "被动适应的观点"}, "answer": "被动适应的观点", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在细菌生长中,生物学性状最典型的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "迟缓期", "B": "对数期", "C": "稳定期", "D": "衰退期"}, "answer": "对数期", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,67岁。反复咳嗽、咳痰、喘息5年,再发加重1周。查体:嗜睡,口唇发绀。两肺可闻及哮鸣音和湿啰音,心率120次/分。动脉血气分析示pH 7.10,PaO254mmHg,PaCO2 103mmHg。该患者发生呼吸衰竭最主要的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺泡通气量减少", "B": "无效腔通气量减少", "C": "胸廓扩张受限", "D": "弥散功能障碍"}, "answer": "肺泡通气量减少", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,男,8个月,咳嗽、发热1周,喘憋3天,逐渐加重,今日开始嗜睡,抽搐2次,体温不退,高达39.5℃。查体:呼吸急促,呼吸56次/分,心率100次/分,双肺广泛的中小水泡音,肝肋下1cm。血白细胞4×109/L;脑脊液检查提示压力升高,糖、氯化物正常,细胞数个,蛋白质定性阴性。1.此时首选的紧急措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "镇静止抽", "B": "给予毒毛K快速洋地黄制剂", "C": "应用广谱抗生素", "D": "静脉给10%葡萄糖酸钙"}, "answer": "镇静止抽", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "反Colles骨折(Smith骨折)的典型移位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "远侧端向掌侧桡侧移位", "B": "远侧端向掌侧尺侧移位", "C": "远侧端向背侧桡侧移位", "D": "近侧端旋转移位"}, "answer": "远侧端向掌侧桡侧移位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,35岁。术后粘连性梗阻3天,加重1天。查体:腹部可见肠型,右下腹有局限性压痛,肠鸣音亢进。多次腹部X线平片可见固定肠襻。首选的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "继续补液,观察病情变化", "B": "剖腹探查", "C": "注射吗啡止痛", "D": "出现腹膜刺激征后手术"}, "answer": "剖腹探查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于医学伦理学的基本范畴,下列说法正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医学伦理学的基本范畴就是医务人员的情感和良心", "B": "医学伦理学的基本范畴就是医学伦理学的基本概念", "C": "医学伦理学的基本范畴实质就是基本规范", "D": "医学伦理学的基本范畴就是医务人员行为的基本标准"}, "answer": "医学伦理学的基本范畴就是医学伦理学的基本概念", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "18岁女性,发热39℃,咽部灼痛、红肿,未见假膜,颈部有多个淋巴结肿大,肝大达肋下2cm,脾可触及,无输血史,WBC为16×109/L,淋巴细胞为0.53,其中0.15为异型淋巴细胞,最可能的印象诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙型病毒性肝炎", "B": "传染性单核细胞增多症", "C": "风疹", "D": "输血后单核细胞增多症"}, "answer": "传染性单核细胞增多症", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是Ig分成KT两个型的依据?(  )", "options": {"A": "VH", "B": "CL", "C": "VL", "D": "铰链区"}, "answer": "CL", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.萘夫西林、头孢呋辛(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎链球菌脑膜炎", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌脑膜炎", "C": "流感嗜血杆菌性脑膜炎", "D": "结核性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.一位尿毒症贫血的病人,应选择输入哪种血制品最恰当?(  )", "options": {"A": "全血", "B": "浓缩红细胞", "C": "洗涤红细胞", "D": "冰冻红细胞"}, "answer": "洗涤红细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,35岁。腹胀、腹部隐痛伴低热3个月。突发脐周绞痛6小时,呕吐数次,无排气,排便。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化性溃疡并幽门梗阻", "B": "结肠癌并肠穿孔", "C": "结核性腹膜炎并肠梗阻", "D": "缺血性肠病并肠梗阻"}, "answer": "结核性腹膜炎并肠梗阻", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对稳定蛋白质构象不起作用的化学键是(  )。", "options": {"A": "范德华力", "B": "疏水键", "C": "氢键", "D": "酯键"}, "answer": "酯键", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "哪项不是枕骨大孔疝的常见病变?(  )", "options": {"A": "大脑半球肿瘤", "B": "听神经瘤", "C": "四脑室室管膜瘤", "D": "脑干胶质瘤"}, "answer": "大脑半球肿瘤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "10岁小儿,4年来反复发作性咳喘,7~8次/年,前日夜间再次突然憋醒,不能平卧,自行吸入舒喘灵4次后仍无缓解。入院体检:T36.5℃,强迫坐位,喘重,面色苍白,出汗,口唇青紫,呼吸80次/分,心率160次/分,两肺满布喘鸣音,肝肋下3cm,查外周血白细胞总数9×109/L,分类嗜酸粒细胞6%,动脉血气分析pH7.4,PaO28kPa(60mmHg),PaCO25.3kPa(40mmHg)。1.该患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "喘息性支气管炎", "B": "毛细支气管炎", "C": "儿童哮喘,哮喘持续状态", "D": "儿童哮喘,哮喘持续状态,呼吸衰竭"}, "answer": "儿童哮喘,哮喘持续状态", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.人体实验是(  )。", "options": {"A": "以人作为受试对象的试验", "B": "人体实验时必须要做到真正的知情同意", "C": "选择受试者的时候需遵循的", "D": "保障受试者身心安全"}, "answer": "以人作为受试对象的试验", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "细胞色素在呼吸链中传递电子的顺序为(  )。", "options": {"A": "a3→b→c→c1→a", "B": "a→a3→b→c→c1", "C": "b→c→c1→aa3", "D": "b→c1→c→aa3"}, "answer": "b→c1→c→aa3", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿腹泻易出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "代谢性酸中毒", "B": "代谢性酸中毒合并呼吸性酸中毒", "C": "代谢性碱中毒", "D": "呼吸性碱中毒"}, "answer": "代谢性酸中毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不属于Ⅰ型超敏反应的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "荨麻疹", "B": "过敏性休克", "C": "呼吸道过敏反应", "D": "传染性变态反应"}, "answer": "传染性变态反应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性病毒性肝炎病程一般为(  )。", "options": {"A": "<5个月", "B": "2~4个月", "C": "<2个月", "D": "<半年"}, "answer": "2~4个月", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "影响个性形成的因素包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "环境因素", "B": "个人因素", "C": "A+B", "D": "A、B、C"}, "answer": "A、B、C", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "平静吸气时,参与呼吸动作的最主要的肌肉是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膈肌和肋间内肌", "B": "膈肌和斜角肌", "C": "膈肌和肋间外肌", "D": "膈肌和胸锁乳突肌"}, "answer": "膈肌和肋间外肌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,40岁。发现风湿性心脏病10余年。查体:双侧颊部皮肤呈紫红色,心界向左扩大,心腰膨隆,心率96次/分;心尖部可闻及开瓣音及舒张期隆隆样杂音。该患者查体还可能发现的其他阳性体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺动脉瓣区舒张早期杂音", "B": "胸骨左缘第3肋间收缩期杂音", "C": "第二心音减弱", "D": "第一心音减弱"}, "answer": "肺动脉瓣区舒张早期杂音", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,24岁,农民,8月513畏寒、发热、剧烈头痛、全身性肌肉痛、咳嗽。查体:体温39.5℃,血压80/50mmHg,重病容,球结膜充血,巩膜轻度黄染,颈强(±),心肺(-),肝肋下1.5cm,脾未及,背区感叩击痛,腓肠肌压痛明显,克氏征(±),布氏征(-)。实验室检查:血白细胞5.4×109/L,中性粒细胞0.78,血沉90mm/h,总胆红素27I,zmol,尿蛋白(+)。脑脊液:蛋白质定性(±),细胞计数4.4×106/L,单核0.52,淋巴细胞0.42,糖、氯化物正常。诊断应首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "流行性感冒", "B": "败血症", "C": "病毒性胸膜炎", "D": "钩端螺旋体病"}, "answer": "钩端螺旋体病", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "青年男性,近半年来逐渐出现生活懒散,不愿工作,神情呆滞,有时暗自发笑,有时叹气,说听到鸟叫的声音或火车鸣笛声。1.对精神疾病诊断最有意义的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "失眠", "B": "情感不稳", "C": "幻听", "D": "意志活动减弱"}, "answer": "幻听", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一男性,根据临床表现:发热、咳嗽、腹泻、消瘦,以及血清HIV抗体阳性,考虑为艾滋病,最终确定艾滋病诊断的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "气管镜活检病原体", "B": "胸部X线片", "C": "便培养", "D": "以上皆不是"}, "answer": "气管镜活检病原体", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一孕妇,26岁,妊娠7个月,贫血,头昏,无力,纳差,Hb 45g/L,RIK;2.5×1012/L,血常规提示:小细胞低色素性贫血。其贫血是(  )。", "options": {"A": "再生障碍性贫血", "B": "缺铁性贫血", "C": "稀释性贫血", "D": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血"}, "answer": "缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "乳癌侵犯乳房悬韧带(Cooper韧带),引起相应的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "橘皮样变", "B": "表面皮肤凹陷", "C": "局部水肿", "D": "铠甲状胸壁"}, "answer": "表面皮肤凹陷", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,76岁。脑血管病后遗症患者,左侧肢体偏瘫,行动不便,2周前一次进餐后出现气短、咳嗽;后气短逐渐好转,但咳嗽持续存在,近2天来出现发热,咳少量黄痰。查体:左上胸廓轻度塌陷,左上肺叩诊呈浊音,语音共振减弱,呼吸音明显减弱。造成患者上述情况最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阻塞性肺炎", "B": "肺结核", "C": "肺动脉栓塞", "D": "气胸"}, "answer": "阻塞性肺炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者伸舌偏右,右侧舌肌萎缩伴肌束颤动,左上下肢中枢性偏瘫,病变位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "右侧延髓", "B": "右侧内囊及右侧延髓", "C": "双侧延髓", "D": "右则内囊及左侧延髓"}, "answer": "右侧延髓", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "老年男性排尿障碍的常见病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾癌", "B": "尿道外伤", "C": "前列腺增生", "D": "尿道肿瘤"}, "answer": "前列腺增生", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,35岁,因多食、肥胖、闭经、血糖高1年就诊。查体:身高160cm,体重75kg,腹部、臀部脂肪堆积,紫纹(+),血压170/100mmHg。血糖10.mmol/L。初步诊断为皮质醇增多症。1.下列哪一项检查对确诊最有意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "血皮质醇节律测定", "B": "24小时尿17-羟,17-酮测定", "C": "24小时尿游离皮质醇测定", "D": "OGTT"}, "answer": "血皮质醇节律测定", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.治疗原发性三叉神经痛首选的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "托吡酯", "B": "卡马西平", "C": "乙琥胺", "D": "左乙拉西坦"}, "answer": "卡马西平", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.沾污伤口清创缝合后,愈合达到(  )。", "options": {"A": "清洁伤口", "B": "沾染伤口", "C": "一期愈合", "D": "二期愈合"}, "answer": "一期愈合", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿20个月,反复患“支气管肺炎”,有时剧烈哭闹时,颜面出现青紫,哭闹停止时青紫缓解。查体:体重9kg,双肺(-),心界扩大。胸骨左缘第3、4肋间可闻及4级粗糙的全收缩期杂音,向四周广泛传导,可扪及收缩期震颤。诊断为先天性心脏病。2.若拟行手术治疗,其手术前最重要的确诊方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏三位X线片", "B": "超声心动图检查", "C": "心导管检查和心血管造影", "D": "放射性同位素心血管造影"}, "answer": "心导管检查和心血管造影", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,36岁,低热伴胸闷、气急3周入院,经检查拟诊心包积液,下列哪一项体征不符合心包积液?(  )", "options": {"A": "心脏向左右扩大", "B": "肝肿大有压痛", "C": "心音遥远", "D": "心尖搏动弥散"}, "answer": "心尖搏动弥散", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是原发性甲状腺功能减退症最早出现异常的指标?(  )", "options": {"A": "血TSH", "B": "血游离T3", "C": "血总T4", "D": "血游离T4"}, "answer": "血TSH", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.骨肉瘤可见到(  )。", "options": {"A": "局部肿块,无触痛,多偶然发现", "B": "表面静脉怒张", "C": "多发生于扁平骨及不规则骨", "D": "病理性骨折后可自愈"}, "answer": "表面静脉怒张", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男性,10岁,突发剑突下剧烈绞痛1h,疼痛呈钻顶样,辗转不安。查体:腹肌柔软,右上腹部轻微压痛,首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆总管结石", "B": "胆道蛔虫病", "C": "急性胰腺炎", "D": "急性胃炎"}, "answer": "胆道蛔虫病", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "单个细菌在固体培养基上的生长现象是形成(  )。", "options": {"A": "菌团", "B": "菌落", "C": "菌膜", "D": "菌丝"}, "answer": "菌落", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,40岁。10年前发现乙型肝炎表面抗原阳性,未规律诊治。近日食欲下降。肝穿刺可见假小叶,其正确的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝癌", "B": "慢性乙型肝炎", "C": "肝结核", "D": "乙肝肝硬化"}, "answer": "乙肝肝硬化", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列属于选择性α2受体阻断剂的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "哌唑嗪", "B": "坦舒洛辛", "C": "多沙唑嗪", "D": "育亨宾"}, "answer": "育亨宾", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于酶原激活的叙述,正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "初分泌的酶原即有酶活性", "B": "无活性酶原转变为有活性酶", "C": "酶原激活无重要生理意义", "D": "酶原激活是酶原蛋白质变性"}, "answer": "无活性酶原转变为有活性酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者男性,60岁,发热4天,体温37.5℃左右,伴左拇趾痛。检查:血压114/70mmHg,左拇趾甲沟部红肿。血白细胞10×109/L,中性粒细胞为82%。2.左拇趾经切开引流处理后应给予(  )。", "options": {"A": "大剂量青霉素", "B": "激素", "C": "庆大霉素", "D": "维生素"}, "answer": "大剂量青霉素", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "首例艾滋病是由哪一国报告的?(  )", "options": {"A": "南非", "B": "印度", "C": "苏格兰", "D": "美国"}, "answer": "美国", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "结核分枝杆菌(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗酸染色呈红色,故为抗酸菌", "B": "耐碱,但不耐酸", "C": "菌落干燥,菊花状", "D": "以上均不是"}, "answer": "抗酸染色呈红色,故为抗酸菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,35岁。突发上腹刀割样剧痛2小时来诊,查体:体温37.5℃,脉搏110次/分,血压90/60mmHg,腹平坦,左上腹肌略紧张,局部压痛,全腹有反跳痛,有移动性浊音(+),听诊未闻及肠鸣音,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立位X线腹部透视", "B": "腹部B超", "C": "急诊胃镜检查", "D": "诊断性腹腔灌洗"}, "answer": "立位X线腹部透视", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "6个月~6岁小儿Hb正常值的低限是(  )。", "options": {"A": "90g/L", "B": "100g/L", "C": "110g/L", "D": "130g/L"}, "answer": "110g/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,48岁。双下肢水肿2个月,既往体健,查体:BP 140/90mmHg,血ALB 27g/L,Scr 92μmol/L,尿蛋白(+++),尿潜血(-)。肾活检示:基底膜增厚,嗜银染色有钉突形成。2.应首选的药物治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "环孢素", "B": "糖皮质激素+环磷酰胺", "C": "糖皮质激素+硫唑嘌呤", "D": "环磷酰胺"}, "answer": "糖皮质激素+环磷酰胺", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.突然发作突然终止,按摩颈动脉窦可终止发作,最可能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "窦性心动过速", "B": "心房颤动", "C": "房性期前收缩", "D": "阵发性室上性心动过速"}, "answer": "阵发性室上性心动过速", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "机体获得人工主动免疫的方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "通过胎盘从母体获得", "B": "注射类毒素", "C": "注射抗毒素", "D": "注射丙种球蛋白"}, "answer": "注射类毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "经产妇,60岁。绝经12年,阴道反复流血4个月就诊。既往高血压、糖尿病病史。查体:肥胖,一般情况好,血压150/105mmHg。妇科检查:阴道少许血液,宫颈光滑,子宫正常大,双附件正常。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫内膜息肉", "B": "老年性子宫内膜炎", "C": "子宫颈癌", "D": "子宫内膜癌"}, "answer": "子宫内膜癌", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "治疗地高辛引起的室性期前收缩,首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯妥英钠", "B": "奎尼丁", "C": "利多卡因", "D": "普鲁卡因胺"}, "answer": "苯妥英钠", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有一名30岁男性患者,车祸右额颞部着地,伤后意识不清,约半小时后清醒,醒后头痛,有呕吐,3小时后又出现意识障碍。正侧位颅片示右颞线状骨折,骨折线跨过脑膜中动脉沟;CT示右颞梭形高密度形,脑室中线受压移位。入院时右瞳孔散大。1.诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右颞脑挫伤,脑疝", "B": "右颞硬膜外血肿,脑疝", "C": "右颞脑内血肿,脑疝", "D": "蛛网膜下腔出血,脑疝"}, "answer": "右颞硬膜外血肿,脑疝", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不属于化生的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨化性肌炎时大量成纤维细胞增生并可见骨组织", "B": "食管黏膜内出现灶状胃黏膜组织", "C": "慢性膀胱炎时可见移行上皮变为鳞状上皮", "D": "胆石症时胆囊黏膜出现鳞状上皮"}, "answer": "食管黏膜内出现灶状胃黏膜组织", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "临床筛查AIDS常用(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD4+细胞培养分离HIV", "B": "PCR测定HIV核酸", "C": "ELISA测定P24抗原", "D": "ELISA测定HIV抗体"}, "answer": "ELISA测定HIV抗体", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于周期性瘫痪的临床特征,下列哪项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "以青壮年发病居多,男多于女", "B": "以双侧对称的四肢痉挛性瘫为特征", "C": "甲亢性周期性瘫痪临床较常见", "D": "心电图可有典型低钾性改变"}, "answer": "以双侧对称的四肢痉挛性瘫为特征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1岁小儿的动作,不可能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "会爬", "B": "会拍手", "C": "会骑三轮车", "D": "会弯腰拾东西"}, "answer": "会骑三轮车", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于长期慢性病人,宜采取的医患关系模式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "被动—主动型", "B": "指导—合作型", "C": "共同参与型", "D": "合作—指导型"}, "answer": "共同参与型", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.评估心理健康状况(  )。", "options": {"A": "MMPI", "B": "SDS", "C": "SCL-90", "D": "TAT"}, "answer": "SCL-90", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,26岁。人工流产术后1周,发热5天,下腹痛3天。查体:T 39.2℃,P 105次/分, BP 105/70mmHg。妇科检查:宫颈口脓性分泌物,宫颈举痛(+),子宫正常大小,压痛明显,双附件稍增厚,压痛(+),右侧为重。血WBC 14×109/L,N 0.90。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性盆腔炎", "B": "急性阑尾炎", "C": "异位妊娠破裂", "D": "流产不全"}, "answer": "急性盆腔炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,50岁。发现皮肤黄染、尿色变深伴皮肤瘙痒2周。查体:皮肤巩膜黄染,右上腹可触及无痛性圆形肿块,随呼吸上下活动。该肿块可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝脏囊肿", "B": "胆总管囊肿", "C": "肿大胆囊", "D": "结肠癌"}, "answer": "肿大胆囊", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于细胞内玻璃样变性的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾近曲小管上皮内的玻璃样小滴由重吸收的血浆蛋白构成", "B": "近曲小管上皮玻璃样变多见于肾盂肾炎", "C": "肝细胞内的Mallory小体由前角蛋白构成", "D": "Mallory小体多见于酒精中毒时"}, "answer": "近曲小管上皮玻璃样变多见于肾盂肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "高血压病脑出血最多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "基底节", "B": "小脑", "C": "大脑白质", "D": "脑干"}, "answer": "基底节", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "导致中枢性偏瘫包括同侧中枢性面、舌瘫的病损部位在(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓", "B": "小脑", "C": "丘脑", "D": "内囊"}, "answer": "内囊", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男孩,3岁,自幼人工喂养,食欲极差,有时腹泻。身高85cm,体重7500g,皮肤干燥、苍白,腹部皮下脂肪厚度约0.3cm,脉搏缓慢,心音较低钝。2.假设此患儿出现哭而少泪,眼球结膜有毕脱斑,则有(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素A缺乏", "B": "维生素C缺乏", "C": "维生素D缺乏", "D": "维生素E缺乏"}, "answer": "维生素A缺乏", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "月经周期为28天的妇女,要取子宫内膜活检测定是否有排卵,最好在周期的第(  )。", "options": {"A": "7~9天", "B": "13~15天", "C": "17~19天", "D": "26~27天"}, "answer": "26~27天", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "流行性出血热患者采用利巴韦林抗病毒治疗,在哪一期使用效果较好?(  )", "options": {"A": "发热早期", "B": "低血压休克期", "C": "少尿期", "D": "多尿期"}, "answer": "发热早期", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.妊娠晚期正常阴道分泌物的pH为(  )。", "options": {"A": "<4.5", "B": "4.5~5.5", "C": "5.5~6.5", "D": "7.0~7.5"}, "answer": "4.5~5.5", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.化脓性扁桃体炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热、流涕、鼻塞、咽痛、咽充血", "B": "发热、咽痛、咽充血,咽部有灰白色小丘疹、疱疹或溃疡", "C": "发热、咽痛、颈部、耳后淋巴结可肿大,咽充血、眼结膜充血", "D": "发热、咽痛、咽充血,扁桃体肿大,有脓性分泌物"}, "answer": "发热、咽痛、咽充血,扁桃体肿大,有脓性分泌物", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.属于技术事故的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "因不熟练,手术中误伤大血管造成大出血死亡", "B": "虽未造成死亡、残废、功能障碍,但造成一定损害,延长治疗时间", "C": "发生难以预料的医疗后果", "D": "发生无法避免的医疗后果"}, "answer": "因不熟练,手术中误伤大血管造成大出血死亡", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,35岁,支气管哮喘重度发作2d,使用氨茶碱、沙丁胺醇、大剂量激素治疗无效。体检:呼吸浅快,口唇发绀,神志不清,双肺哮鸣音较弱,血气分析:PaO250mmHg,PaCO270mmHg。进一步救治措施应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "给予高浓度吸氧", "B": "静脉滴注5%碳酸氢钠", "C": "联合应用抗生素静脉滴注", "D": "气管插管,正压机械通气"}, "answer": "气管插管,正压机械通气", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.大肠杆菌和其他致病菌一起造成的混合感染的脓液特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脓液稠厚,黄色,不臭", "B": "脓液淡绿,有甜腥臭", "C": "脓液有特殊恶臭", "D": "脓液稠厚有粪臭"}, "answer": "脓液稠厚有粪臭", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.食管癌大多是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺癌", "B": "鳞状细胞癌", "C": "黏液腺癌", "D": "肺泡细胞癌"}, "answer": "鳞状细胞癌", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.趋化因子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "C", "B": "C3bBbp", "C": "C5a", "D": "C4a2a"}, "answer": "C5a", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.高血压伴糖尿病者宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "美托洛尔", "B": "尼莫地平", "C": "卡托普利", "D": "硝苯地平"}, "answer": "卡托普利", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,45岁。8个月前骑电动车时摔倒,腹部被车把撞伤并疼痛。经治疗后缓解,6个月前觉上腹部逐渐隆起,伴上腹饱胀,近日来常恶心、呕吐。查体:上腹部可触及直径约10cm包块,无肌紧张、压痛、反跳痛。3.该患者最合适的手术方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部后血肿消除术", "B": "膈疝修补术", "C": "胰腺囊肿内引流术", "D": "十二指肠憩室修补术"}, "answer": "胰腺囊肿内引流术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "从同一胚叶的一种分化成熟细胞或组织转变为另一种成熟细胞或组织的过程称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "增生", "B": "化生", "C": "间变", "D": "瘤性增生"}, "answer": "化生", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪种核苷酸不是RNA的组分?(  )", "options": {"A": "TMP", "B": "UMP", "C": "GMP", "D": "AMP"}, "answer": "TMP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,35岁。腹泻、腹痛伴低热、乏力、盗汗2个月。查体:右下腹可触及包块,压痛(+),边界不清。结肠镜发现回盲部环形溃疡。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溃疡性结肠炎", "B": "结肠癌", "C": "肠结核", "D": "阿米巴肠病"}, "answer": "肠结核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "强心苷对哪一种心衰无效?(  )", "options": {"A": "高血压引起", "B": "风湿性心脏病瓣膜病引起的", "C": "肺源性心脏病引起的", "D": "缩窄性心包炎引起的"}, "answer": "缩窄性心包炎引起的", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "异常性支气管呼吸音常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "气胸", "B": "胸膜肥厚", "C": "肺实变", "D": "胸腔积液"}, "answer": "肺实变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小叶性肺炎属于下列哪种病变?(  )", "options": {"A": "化脓性炎", "B": "出血性炎", "C": "纤维素性炎", "D": "卡他性炎"}, "answer": "化脓性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症服用甲状腺制剂的治疗时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1~2年", "B": "4~6年", "C": "6~8年", "D": "终生"}, "answer": "终生", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "金黄色葡萄球菌所致尿路感染的主要感染途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋巴道感染", "B": "性接触感染", "C": "血行感染", "D": "直接感染"}, "answer": "血行感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医学伦理学属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "环境伦理学", "B": "元伦理学", "C": "描述伦理学", "D": "规范伦理学"}, "answer": "规范伦理学", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,30岁,车祸2小时后来院。一般情况尚好,右小腿中上段皮裂伤14cm,软组织挫伤较重,胫骨折端有外露,出血不多。在进行X线片检查前2.此时最佳的处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "清创术,骨折复位,外固定支架固定", "B": "清创术,夹板固定", "C": "清创术,骨折复位,髓针内固定", "D": "清创术,骨折复位,钢板内固定"}, "answer": "清创术,骨折复位,外固定支架固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿重症肺炎,最常见的酸碱平衡紊乱是(  )。", "options": {"A": "代谢性酸中毒", "B": "呼吸性碱中毒", "C": "代谢性碱中毒", "D": "混合性酸中毒"}, "answer": "混合性酸中毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5.海产品(  )。", "options": {"A": "引起Ⅰ型超敏反应", "B": "引起Ⅱ型超敏反应", "C": "引起Ⅲ型超敏反应", "D": "引起Ⅳ型超敏反应"}, "answer": "引起Ⅰ型超敏反应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.亚基解聚时(  )。", "options": {"A": "二级结构破坏", "B": "三级结构破坏", "C": "四级结构破坏", "D": "空间结构破坏"}, "answer": "四级结构破坏", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.首选经皮弹簧伞堵塞的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "动脉导管未闭", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "艾森曼格综合征"}, "answer": "动脉导管未闭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,72岁。摔伤右髋部,既往全身情况良好。查体:右下肢缩短,外旋畸形,下肢轴向叩击痛阳性。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "髋关节后脱位", "B": "髋部软组织损伤", "C": "股骨颈骨折", "D": "髋关节前脱位"}, "answer": "股骨颈骨折", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列疾病中,可不出现梗阻性黄疸的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝内胆管结石", "B": "胰头癌", "C": "壶腹部肿瘤", "D": "胆总管结石"}, "answer": "肝内胆管结石", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.复杂部分性发作首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯妥英钠", "B": "卡马西平", "C": "乙琥胺", "D": "地西泮"}, "answer": "卡马西平", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "主动脉瓣狭窄患者最重要的体征是主动脉瓣区(  )。", "options": {"A": "收缩期喷射性杂音", "B": "舒张期喷射性杂音", "C": "舒张期隆隆样杂音", "D": "收缩期隆隆样杂音"}, "answer": "收缩期喷射性杂音", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "以下哪项不属于治疗心身疾病的措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "行为矫正", "B": "不用药物解除症状", "C": "学会自我放松和自我调节的方法", "D": "协调人际关系"}, "answer": "不用药物解除症状", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "看到红、橙、黄色使人产生温暖的感觉的现象叫做(  )。", "options": {"A": "感觉适应", "B": "感觉对比", "C": "感觉后象", "D": "联觉"}, "answer": "联觉", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "500~1000张床的医院,其感染管理专职人员应(  )。", "options": {"A": "不得少于2人", "B": "不得少于3人", "C": "不得少于5人", "D": "不得少于10人"}, "answer": "不得少于3人", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,45岁。因胃溃疡合并大出血,行胃大部切除术,术后5天出现便血。1.最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吻合口部分黏膜坏死脱落", "B": "术中止血不确切", "C": "复发", "D": "术后胃内残余血排出"}, "answer": "吻合口部分黏膜坏死脱落", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,42岁。烧心半年,无吞咽困难,胃镜检查提示慢性浅表性胃炎。为进一步明确诊断,应进行的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "食管X线钡剂造影", "B": "食管脱落细胞学检查", "C": "24小时食管pH监测", "D": "动态心电图"}, "answer": "24小时食管pH监测", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "最能表示药物的安全性的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "最小有效量", "B": "半数致死量", "C": "半数有效量", "D": "治疗指数"}, "answer": "治疗指数", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "免疫复合物所致基底膜损伤是由于中性粒细胞释放下述何种物质引起的(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋巴因子", "B": "白三烯", "C": "溶酶体酶", "D": "激肽"}, "answer": "溶酶体酶", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于医务人员的同情感,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "它是促使医务人员为患者服务的原始动力", "B": "它是医德情感内容中低层次的情感", "C": "它是责任感的基础", "D": "它比责任感具有较大的稳定性"}, "answer": "它比责任感具有较大的稳定性", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项不是肾性高血压的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "肾小球疾病很少出现高血压", "B": "肾性高血压为容量依赖性高血压", "C": "肾性高血压为肾素依赖性高血压", "D": "肾内降压物质减少可引起肾性高血压"}, "answer": "肾小球疾病很少出现高血压", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,32岁。支气管哮喘20年。喘息加重1周,意识恍惚1天来急诊。查体:T 37.5℃,P 94次/分。面色暗红,口唇发绀。可见胸腹矛盾运动,双肺呼吸音低,可闻及低调哮鸣音。1.该患者此时最可能出现的动脉血气变化(  )。", "options": {"A": "PaO2降低、PaCO2升高、pH降低", "B": "PaO2降低、PaCO2升高、pH升高", "C": "PaO2降低、PaCO2升高、pH正常", "D": "PaO2降低、PaCO2正常、pH降低"}, "answer": "PaO2降低、PaCO2升高、pH降低", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对慢性硬膜下血肿的处理,下列叙述哪项不对?(  )", "options": {"A": "钻颅导管闭式引流是一种安全的方法", "B": "需要开颅切除血肿被膜以利于脑组织膨胀复位", "C": "影像学表现与手术治疗病例的临床改善表现可能不一致", "D": "某些病例没经手术治疗可自愈"}, "answer": "需要开颅切除血肿被膜以利于脑组织膨胀复位", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,66岁。突然感到心前区闷痛,伴心悸4小时,自服硝酸甘油2片,疼痛未能缓解。做心电图检杳,显示Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF的ST段抬高。2.根据心电图显示,心脏病变部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "前壁", "B": "下壁", "C": "前间壁", "D": "广泛前壁"}, "answer": "下壁", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "为保证儿童及时接受预防接种,医疗机构与儿童的监护人员应当(  )。", "options": {"A": "订立合同", "B": "付款督促", "C": "由政府联系", "D": "相互配合"}, "answer": "相互配合", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "钩端螺旋体病洪水型的传染源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "牛", "B": "猪", "C": "鼠", "D": "犬"}, "answer": "猪", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "可用来准确地测定肾小球滤过率的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌酐", "B": "菊粉", "C": "对氨基马尿酸", "D": "酚红"}, "answer": "菊粉", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某男,18岁,因寒战、高热经细菌培养确诊为肺炎球菌性肺炎,来诊时青霉素皮试阴性,但静滴青霉素几分钟后即出现头昏、面色苍白、呼吸困难、血压下降等症状,诊断为青霉素过敏性休克,请问对该病人首选的抢救药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多巴胺", "B": "异丙嗪", "C": "肾上腺素", "D": "去甲肾上腺素"}, "answer": "肾上腺素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,35岁,农民。发热5天,尿少1天。查体:体温37.5℃,面部潮红,结膜充血水肿,腋下可见数个出血点。实验室检查:血WBC 19×109/L,有异型淋巴细胞,尿蛋白(+++),最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾综合征出血热", "B": "钩端螺旋体病", "C": "败血症", "D": "急性肾盂肾炎"}, "answer": "肾综合征出血热", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "苯二氮类的药理作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阻断谷氨酸的兴奋作用", "B": "激动甘氨酸受体", "C": "易化GABA介导的氯离子内流", "D": "增加多巴胺刺激的cAMP活性"}, "answer": "易化GABA介导的氯离子内流", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "细菌经紫外线照射引起DNA损伤时,编码DNA修复酶的基因表达增强。DNA修复酶的基因表达属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "基本表达(组成性表达)", "B": "诱导表达", "C": "阻遏表达", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "诱导表达", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "骨折后最易发生骨缺血性坏死的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "股骨头", "B": "肱骨头", "C": "锁骨远端", "D": "胫骨内髁"}, "answer": "股骨头", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "哪项是引起抗利尿激素分泌最敏感的因素?(  )", "options": {"A": "疼痛刺激", "B": "血浆晶体渗透压增高", "C": "血浆胶体渗透压增高", "D": "动脉血压降低"}, "answer": "血浆晶体渗透压增高", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一男性静脉吸毒者,10年前检查HBsAg(+),近日突发重症肝炎,并于10日内死亡。该患者可能是合并了哪一种病毒感染?(  )", "options": {"A": "HCV", "B": "HDV", "C": "HEV", "D": "CMV"}, "answer": "HDV", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "猩红热的皮疹出现在发热后(  )。", "options": {"A": "12h之内", "B": "12~48h", "C": "49~60h", "D": "61~72h"}, "answer": "12~48h", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "酶的化学修饰调节最多见的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "别构调节", "B": "磷酸化、去磷酸化", "C": "酶原激活", "D": "温度调节"}, "answer": "磷酸化、去磷酸化", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "容易发生贫血性梗死的脏器是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小肠", "B": "大肠", "C": "肺", "D": "肾"}, "answer": "肾", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,55岁,左膝在上跷二郎腿乘车过程中因急刹车左膝顶在前座后背上受伤4小时,左髋痛,不能活动,检查见左下肢屈曲、内收、内旋畸形。3.首选治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "穿丁字鞋卧床", "B": "持续皮肤牵引", "C": "持续骨牵引", "D": "手法复位后皮牵引固定"}, "answer": "手法复位后皮牵引固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,56岁,被诊断为蛛网膜下腔出血,下列治疗措施中不恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "给予抗生素预防感染", "B": "给予止血药物", "C": "给镇静药物", "D": "便秘者给予肥皂水灌肠"}, "answer": "便秘者给予肥皂水灌肠", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "10个月小儿,因高热4天伴反复惊厥入院。体检:体温39.2℃,神志清,嗜睡,颈部抵抗,心、肺、腹无异常。Kerning征阳性、Brudzinski征阳性、Barbinski征阴性;血常规:WBC 8×109/L,N 0.89,L0.11;脑脊液常规:WBC1200×106/L,N 0.78,L 0.22,涂片可见革兰阳性双球菌,PPD试验阴性(1:2000)。2.主要诊断依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑膜刺激征阳性", "B": "脑脊液白细胞数增多", "C": "外周血中性粒细胞增多", "D": "脑脊液涂片找到革兰阳性双球菌"}, "answer": "脑脊液涂片找到革兰阳性双球菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某人血型检查的结果为:其红细胞与B型供血者的血清发生凝集,其血清与B型血的红细胞也发生凝集。此人的血型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "A型", "B": "AB型", "C": "O型", "D": "A或AB型,交叉配血后才能确定"}, "answer": "A型", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "诊断胰岛素瘤最准确的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血糖空腹时2.2mmol/L", "B": "葡萄糖耐量试验", "C": "饥饿试验", "D": "血胰岛素测定"}, "answer": "血胰岛素测定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医师执业变更下列哪些注册事项的,应当到准予注册的卫生行政部门依法办理变更注册手续?(  )", "options": {"A": "执业地点、执业类别、执业范围等", "B": "执业地点、执业类别", "C": "执业地点、执业类别、执业范围、医疗机构", "D": "执业地点、执业类别、执业范围、服务单位、专业类别"}, "answer": "执业地点、执业类别、执业范围等", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "病毒复制周期中,下列哪项与隐蔽期有关?(  )", "options": {"A": "吸附", "B": "穿入", "C": "生物合成", "D": "装配与释放"}, "answer": "生物合成", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "新生儿沙眼衣原体感染的主要途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫内感染", "B": "乳汁感染", "C": "产道感染", "D": "唾液感染"}, "answer": "产道感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "再障最理想的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "雄激素", "B": "同卵孪生子骨髓移植", "C": "碳酸锂", "D": "皮质激素"}, "answer": "同卵孪生子骨髓移植", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,15岁,2个月无意中发现右小腿近端肿物,无疼痛及活动障碍,查体:右小腿近端可触及约3cm×2cm肿物,质地较硬,无活动,无明显压痛,X线检查见右胫骨干骺端有蒂的骨性突起,无骨质破坏及骨反应,最适宜的处理方法为(  )。", "options": {"A": "中药外敷", "B": "切开取病理", "C": "随诊观察", "D": "手术切除"}, "answer": "随诊观察", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "用钼靶X线摄片检查方法做乳腺癌的筛检试验,分别检查了100名经活检确诊为乳腺癌的妇女和100名未患乳腺癌的妇女,结果如下表:1.此项筛检试验中灵敏度为(  )。", "options": {"A": "16%", "B": "84%", "C": "64%", "D": "74%"}, "answer": "64%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,29岁,左前胸刀刺伤半小时。查体:烦躁不安,皮肤苍白湿冷,呼吸困难,脉细弱,140次/分,颈静脉怒张,血压70/50mmHg,左前胸第5肋间处见约4cm刀伤口。1.哪项是此病例的病理生理改变?(  )", "options": {"A": "左胸腔内压力持续上升", "B": "纵隔移位,心脏受压", "C": "腔静脉受阻,回心血量减少", "D": "纵隔扑动,呼吸循环功能衰竭"}, "answer": "腔静脉受阻,回心血量减少", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列中毒型菌痢的抢救措施中,不必要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甘露醇+地塞米松", "B": "扩充血容量+血管活性药物", "C": "选用强有力的广谱抗生索", "D": "维生素K1静脉注射"}, "answer": "维生素K1静脉注射", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.氟尿嘧啶(  )。", "options": {"A": "干扰核酸合成", "B": "嵌入DNA干扰转录", "C": "干扰蛋白质合成", "D": "影响激素平衡"}, "answer": "干扰核酸合成", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "红细胞渗透脆性增大时,下列哪项叙述正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "红细胞不易破裂", "B": "对高渗盐溶液抵抗力减少", "C": "对低渗盐溶液抵抗力减少", "D": "对低渗盐溶液抵抗力增加"}, "answer": "对低渗盐溶液抵抗力减少", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有关Ⅲ度胎盘早剥的描述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阴道流血量与贫血程度成正比", "B": "易导致凝血功能障碍", "C": "胎盘剥离面为胎盘面积的1/5", "D": "一般胎儿存活"}, "answer": "易导致凝血功能障碍", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初孕妇,25岁。妊娠33周,BP 150/90mmhg,尿蛋白0.5g/24h,伴有上腹部不适,头痛等症状。该患者属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "妊娠期高血压", "B": "轻度子痫前期", "C": "重度子痫前期", "D": "子痫"}, "answer": "轻度子痫前期", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不符合风疹临床表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "耳后、枕部、颈部淋巴结肿大伴疼痛", "B": "出疹时可伴低热、持续1~3天", "C": "可有多发性对称性关节炎", "D": "出疹3天,疹退后有脱皮,色素沉着"}, "answer": "出疹3天,疹退后有脱皮,色素沉着", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿生理性贫血出现的时间为生后(  )。", "options": {"A": "1~2个月", "B": "2~3个月", "C": "4~5个月", "D": "6~7个月"}, "answer": "2~3个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.蛋白酶水解时(  )。", "options": {"A": "二级结构破坏", "B": "三级结构破坏", "C": "四级结构破坏", "D": "空间结构破坏"}, "answer": "四级结构破坏", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿1岁,可见胸骨串珠、膈肋沟、手镯及脚镯,前囟为1.5cm×1.5cm,血钙为2.25mmol/L,血磷为1.0mmol/L,X线可见干骺端呈杯口改变,临时钙化带消失,诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺功能低下", "B": "低血磷抗D佝偻病", "C": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病", "D": "维生素D依赖性佝偻病"}, "answer": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列各项中不属于甲状腺功能减退症临床表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "食欲亢进", "B": "记忆力减退", "C": "畏寒", "D": "声音嘶哑、低沉"}, "answer": "食欲亢进", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有活性的维生素D为(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素D2", "B": "1,25-(OH)2D3", "C": "25-(OH)D3", "D": "1-(OH)D3"}, "answer": "1,25-(OH)2D3", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列细胞因子中哪种不是由T淋巴细胞产生?(  )", "options": {"A": "IL-1", "B": "IL-2", "C": "IFN-7", "D": "TNF-β"}, "answer": "IL-1", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一男性静脉吸毒者,10年前检查HBsAg(+),近日突发重症肝炎,并于10日内死亡。该患者可能是合并了下列哪种病毒感染?(  )", "options": {"A": "HCV", "B": "HAV", "C": "HDV", "D": "HEV"}, "answer": "HDV", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,20岁。双下肢及颜面水肿,尿蛋白定量4.2g/d,尿RBC 0~2/HP,血白蛋白28g/L,Scr 78μmol/L,肾活检病理诊断为微小病变肾病,该患者应用糖皮质激素治疗的最主要机制为(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制细胞免疫", "B": "抑制巨噬细胞功能", "C": "抑制补体活化", "D": "抑制蛋白合成"}, "answer": "抑制细胞免疫", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "针对女性患者,诊断淋病的金标准是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阴道分泌物培养", "B": "宫颈管分泌物培养", "C": "血清学检查", "D": "血培养"}, "answer": "宫颈管分泌物培养", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男孩,5岁。水肿伴尿少3天,病前2天有“上感”史。查体:BP 90/60mmHg,眼睑及颜面水肿,双下肢凹陷性水肿,实验室检查:血浆清蛋白22g/L,胆固醇7.2mmol/L,肾功能正常,血C3 1.25g/L,PPD试验(-),尿常规:RBC 10/HP,蛋白(++++)。4.若患儿经治疗,尿蛋白转阴9个月,已停药。2周前出现发热,咳嗽,随后出现尿蛋白(+++),水肿,现已无感染表现,以下治疗措施中错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使用免疫调节剂", "B": "抗凝利尿治疗,不必限盐", "C": "本次治疗不必使用抗生素", "D": "按初次方案重新开始治疗"}, "answer": "抗凝利尿治疗,不必限盐", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "心室肌有效不应期的长短主要决定于(  )。", "options": {"A": "阈电位水平高低", "B": "动作电位0期去极速度", "C": "动作电位2期时程", "D": "动作电位传导速度"}, "answer": "动作电位2期时程", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项属于非细胞型微生物?(  )", "options": {"A": "大肠杆菌", "B": "禽流感病毒", "C": "梅毒螺旋体", "D": "白色念珠菌"}, "answer": "禽流感病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胎心率变异减速的特征不包括哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "发生与宫缩无固定关系", "B": "胎心率恢复缓慢", "C": "持续时间长短不一", "D": "胎心率恢复迅速"}, "answer": "胎心率恢复缓慢", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.可促进内质网释出Ca2+的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "cAMP", "B": "磷脂酰丝氨酸", "C": "IP3", "D": "GSH"}, "answer": "磷脂酰丝氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.疱疹性咽峡炎的病原是(  )。", "options": {"A": "柯萨奇病毒", "B": "带状疱疹病毒", "C": "人类疱疹病毒6型", "D": "呼吸道合胞病毒"}, "answer": "柯萨奇病毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.周期性瘫痪(  )。", "options": {"A": "四肢无力,血钾减低", "B": "四肢无力,脑脊液蛋白细胞分离", "C": "四肢无力,休息后减轻,活动后加重", "D": "四肢无力,肩胛带骨盆带萎缩"}, "answer": "四肢无力,血钾减低", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.治疗葡萄球菌肺炎最有效的药物为(  )。", "options": {"A": "磺胺类药物", "B": "大环内酯类药物", "C": "头孢菌素类药物", "D": "庆大霉素"}, "answer": "头孢菌素类药物", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "确诊女性生殖道淋病奈瑟菌感染取分泌物部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫腔", "B": "宫颈管", "C": "阴道口", "D": "肛周"}, "answer": "宫颈管", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,35岁,因慢性咳嗽2个月,发热、气促1周入院。体检:体温38.9℃,颈部、腋下及腹股沟处触及多个直径lcm的淋巴结,无压痛,与周围组织无粘连,肺部偶可闻及少量湿啰音。胸片呈间质性肺炎改变。人院后先后采用青霉素、红霉素、卡那霉素、环丙沙星等抗感染治疗20天,患者症状反而加重,出现缺氧、发绀。追问患者,3年前曾去非洲工作,1年前回国。4.除病因治疗外,该患者抗感染治疗宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "复方新诺明", "B": "氯霉素", "C": "链霉素", "D": "头孢噻肟钠"}, "answer": "复方新诺明", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.属于医学伦理学基本原则的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有利、公正", "B": "廉洁奉公", "C": "医乃仁术", "D": "等价交换"}, "answer": "有利、公正", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "开口下颌向右侧偏斜,被损害的脑神经是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右三叉神经", "B": "右三叉神经运动支", "C": "左三叉神经运动支", "D": "左三叉神经"}, "answer": "右三叉神经运动支", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "65岁男性,因右上肢放射痛伴手指麻木,动作不灵活2年就诊。检查发现颈肩部压痛,神经牵拉试验及压头试验阳性,右上肢桡侧皮肤感觉减退,握力减弱,肌张力减低。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "交感神经型颈椎病", "B": "脊髓型颈椎病", "C": "神经根型颈椎病", "D": "混合型颈椎病"}, "answer": "神经根型颈椎病", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "营养性缺铁性贫血的血涂片检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞大小不等,可见异形,靶形红细胞", "B": "红细胞大小不等,以大者为多,中央淡染区不明显", "C": "红细胞大小不等,以小者为多,中央淡染区扩大", "D": "红细胞大小不等,染色较深"}, "answer": "红细胞大小不等,以小者为多,中央淡染区扩大", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.无尿的标准(  )。", "options": {"A": "每日尿量<400ml", "B": "每日尿量<300ml", "C": "每日尿量<100ml", "D": "每日尿量<30~50ml"}, "answer": "每日尿量<30~50ml", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪项是cAMP-蛋白激酶A途径和DG-蛋白激酶C途径的共同特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "由G蛋白介导", "B": "钙泵可拮抗激酶活性", "C": "Ca2+可激活激酶", "D": "cAMP和DG均为小分子,故都可在胞液内自由扩散"}, "answer": "由G蛋白介导", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男婴,8个月,自幼人工喂养,未补充维生素D制剂,近来出现多汗、烦躁、夜惊。查体:方颅,出牙延迟,串珠。诊断为佝偻病活动期。该病的发病机制下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "血中钙,磷乘积降低", "B": "尿磷排出增加", "C": "维生素D缺乏", "D": "甲状腺代偿功能不足"}, "answer": "甲状腺代偿功能不足", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,4个月,冬季出生。生后牛乳喂养,突发四肢抽搐,面肌颤动,两眼上翻,持续数秒至数分钟后自然缓解,1天来发作4~5次,每次缓解后一切活动正常。3.若化验检查示血钙2mmol/L(8mg/dL),钙磷乘积为25,X线长骨检查示骨骺软骨明显增宽,干骺端临时钙化带消失,呈毛刷状及杯口样改变,则应属维生素D缺乏性佝偻病的(  )。", "options": {"A": "初期", "B": "活动期(激期)", "C": "后遗症期", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "活动期(激期)", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,55岁。进行性黄疸4个月,伴中上腹持续性胀感,夜间平卧时加重,消瘦显著。查体:慢性消耗性面容。皮肤、巩膜黄染。腹平坦,脐右上方深压痛,未及块物,Courvoisier征阳性。首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性胆囊炎", "B": "结肠癌", "C": "胃癌", "D": "胰头癌"}, "answer": "胰头癌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "儿童化脓性骨髓炎的脓肿不易进入关节腔的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "儿童关节对细菌的抵抗力强", "B": "骺板起屏障作用", "C": "脓液容易局限和吸收", "D": "脓肿容易经由软组织溃破"}, "answer": "骺板起屏障作用", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,68岁,近半年来反复出现头痛、头晕,今晨在突然转头时感眩晕、耳鸣,恶心、呕吐,摔倒在地,2分钟后缓解。既往曾类似发作2次。X线片示颈5~6椎体后缘骨质增生,椎间孔明显缩小。考虑最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癫痫发作", "B": "交感神经型颈椎病", "C": "椎动脉型颈椎病", "D": "脊髓型颈椎病"}, "answer": "椎动脉型颈椎病", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,44岁。因风心病二尖瓣狭窄伴心房颤动,长期服用地高辛,每天0.25mg。1周来腹泻,恶心、呕吐,进食量少。1天来出现心悸,发作性头晕、黑朦,有短暂意识丧失来院。查体:平卧位,神清,淡漠,双肺未闻及干湿啰音。心率38次/min,律整.心尖部可闻及舒张期隆隆样杂音,下肢不肿。患者来院就诊的直接病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹泻", "B": "进食过少", "C": "血容量过少", "D": "洋地黄中毒"}, "answer": "洋地黄中毒", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "机体获得人工主动免疫的方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "注射抗毒素", "B": "注射人血清或胎盘丙种球蛋白", "C": "注射类毒素或接种菌苗、疫苗", "D": "注射细胞因子"}, "answer": "注射类毒素或接种菌苗、疫苗", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "8岁男孩,高热10小时伴头痛、呕吐。查:T39℃,BP 50/30mmHg,精神萎靡,颈无抵抗,全身多数瘀点、瘀斑。血WBC28×109/L,中性90%。脑脊液检查:颅内压正常,WBC 15×106/L,蛋白质、糖及氯化物均正常。2.为尽快明确诊断应检测(  )。", "options": {"A": "血培养", "B": "瘀点涂片找细菌", "C": "脑脊液特异性抗原检测", "D": "血清特异性抗体检测"}, "answer": "瘀点涂片找细菌", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.反映一组观察值离散程度最好的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "标准差", "B": "四分位数间距", "C": "算术均数", "D": "中位数"}, "answer": "标准差", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,72岁,消瘦2年,明显乏力、纳差、腹泻,进行性加重3个月。查体:恶液质,无欲状;甲状腺Ⅰ度肿大,无明显杂音,肺(-),心率54次/分,心尖部Ⅱ~Ⅲ级收缩期吹风样杂音,较粗糙,腹除舟状外无阳性发现,双下肢肌力Ⅱ~Ⅲ级,腱反射减弱。便潜血、胸片均为阴性。首先应进行的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部B型超声波", "B": "消化道造影", "C": "T3、T4", "D": "结核菌素试验"}, "answer": "T3、T4", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,10岁,腹痛1天,伴恶心、呕吐、稀便2次。T 38℃,右下腹肌紧张,有明显压痛,白细胞15×109/L。最恰当的治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "输入广谱抗生素观察", "B": "急诊手术", "C": "给予解痉剂,服用肠道抗生素", "D": "解痉"}, "answer": "急诊手术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "腹膜炎患者应进行手术探查的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体温超过38℃", "B": "年龄超过60岁", "C": "出现休克症状", "D": "发病时间大于6小时"}, "answer": "出现休克症状", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "需要营养支持的卧床患者每日约需热量(  )。", "options": {"A": "20kcal/kg", "B": "20~25kcal/kg", "C": "25~30kcal/kg", "D": "35~40kcal/kg"}, "answer": "25~30kcal/kg", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.髋关节全关节结核晚期病灶清除术,最终达到的结果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "髋关节功能保存", "B": "髋关节骨性强直", "C": "髋关节形成前屈内收畸形", "D": "局部形成寒性脓肿"}, "answer": "髋关节骨性强直", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,70岁。1年前因壶腹癌行Whipple手术,手术恢复好。近2个月来反复发热,伴寒战,最高体温达39.5℃,WBC 15×109/L。,血清ALT 121U/L,TBil 589μmol/L,CT示肝内多发直径1~2cm低密度灶,边缘强化明显。1.下列拟诊中可能性最大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性胆管炎", "B": "急性肝炎", "C": "多发性肝脓肿", "D": "急性胆囊炎"}, "answer": "多发性肝脓肿", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在临床医学研究中应切实保护受试者的利益,下述除哪项外均对?(  )", "options": {"A": "实验研究前必须经过动物实验", "B": "实验研究前必须有严格的审批监督程序", "C": "实验研究前必须详细了解病人身心情况", "D": "实验研究结束后必须做出科学报告"}, "answer": "实验研究前必须详细了解病人身心情况", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,45岁,乳腺硬癌伴腋窝淋巴结转移,行根治术后,辅助治疗应选(  )。", "options": {"A": "放射治疗或化疔+雌激素治疗", "B": "放射治疗", "C": "放射治疗或化疗+雄激素治疗", "D": "抗癌药物治疗"}, "answer": "放射治疗或化疗+雄激素治疗", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "新生儿出生后全身红,心率120次/分,四肢屈曲状,对刺激有反应,呼吸不规则,下列处理哪项正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "清理呼吸道,触觉刺激", "B": "应用钠洛酮", "C": "呼吸兴奋剂应用", "D": "纠正酸中毒"}, "answer": "清理呼吸道,触觉刺激", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.属于医学伦理学基本规范的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "权利、义务", "B": "廉洁奉公", "C": "医乃仁术", "D": "等价交换"}, "answer": "廉洁奉公", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某大医院一位眼科博士,因急于为两位病人进行角膜移植,而又一时找不到现成的供体角膜,所以在本院太平间“盗取”了一病死者的尸体角膜用于移植,获得成功。此事后被死者家属发现,以未经本人生前及死后家属知情同意,严重损害了死者及其家属的权益为由,将该医生告上了法庭。经调查得知:接受角膜移植术的两位病人与该医师无特殊关系;死者生前与该医师无利害冲突;该医师也未由此谋取分文私利,只是不了解有关要求。2.确认该医师医德善恶应使用的具体标准是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是否有利于促进眼科医学的发展", "B": "是否有利于维护死者及其家属的正当权益", "C": "是否有利于推动社会文明的进步", "D": "是否得到绝大多数人的支持"}, "answer": "是否有利于维护死者及其家属的正当权益", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗社区获得性肺炎时,能覆盖非典型病原体的抗生素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头孢菌素类", "B": "糖肽类", "C": "大环内酯类", "D": "氨基糖苷类"}, "answer": "大环内酯类", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "婚前医学检查包括对下列疾病的检查(  )。", "options": {"A": "遗传性疾病、艾滋病、有关精神病", "B": "遗传性疾病、传染病、精神病", "C": "严重遗传性疾病、传染病、精神病", "D": "严重遗传性疾病、指定传染病、有关精神病"}, "answer": "严重遗传性疾病、指定传染病、有关精神病", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "胎盘附着部位的子宫内膜完全修复需到产后(  )。", "options": {"A": "4周", "B": "5周", "C": "6周", "D": "8周"}, "answer": "6周", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是不良反应最小,可进入脑脊液的咪唑类抗真菌药?(  )", "options": {"A": "克霉唑", "B": "咪康唑", "C": "氟康唑", "D": "氟胞嘧啶"}, "answer": "氟康唑", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.肾结核伴脊柱活动性结核行(  )。", "options": {"A": "非手术抗结核治疗", "B": "抗结核治疗后双肾移植", "C": "胃大部切除术后抗结核治疗", "D": "脊柱矫形术"}, "answer": "非手术抗结核治疗", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于诱导T细胞耐受,下列叙述哪项是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "所需抗原量较低,耐受持续时间较短", "B": "所需抗原量较低,耐受持续时间较长", "C": "所需抗原量较高,耐受持续时间较短", "D": "所需时间较长,通常为一周左右"}, "answer": "所需抗原量较低,耐受持续时间较长", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于核酸分子组成的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "核苷是核酸的基本单位", "B": "核酸的基本单位是核苷酸", "C": "DNA和RNA中都有稀有碱基", "D": "DNA与RNA的区别只是碱基不同"}, "answer": "核酸的基本单位是核苷酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "大多数细胞产生和维持静息电位的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞内高K+和膜对K+有通透性", "B": "细胞内高Na+和膜对Na+有通透性", "C": "细胞内高Na+和膜对K+有通透性", "D": "细胞外高Na+和膜对K+有通透性"}, "answer": "细胞内高K+和膜对K+有通透性", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于风湿小体的组成成分,下述哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "黏液样变性", "B": "中心纤维蛋白样坏死", "C": "枭眼细胞和毛虫样细胞", "D": "泡沫样细胞"}, "answer": "泡沫样细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "婴儿每日需水量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "180ml/kg", "B": "150ml/kg", "C": "110ml/kg", "D": "80ml/kg"}, "answer": "150ml/kg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "骨折的治疗原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "创口包扎", "B": "迅速运输", "C": "正确搬运", "D": "复位、固定、功能锻炼"}, "answer": "复位、固定、功能锻炼", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "嘌呤碱基的C8来自于(  )。", "options": {"A": "N5-CH3-FH4", "B": "N5-CH==NH-FH4", "C": "N10-CHO-FH4", "D": "N5,N10-CH-FH4"}, "answer": "N5,N10-CH-FH4", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "妊娠合并急性病毒性肝炎时,昏迷前期口服新霉素是为了(  )。", "options": {"A": "减少游离氨及其他毒素的形成", "B": "消除肠道内感染灶", "C": "消灭病毒", "D": "抑制需氧菌和厌氧菌"}, "answer": "减少游离氨及其他毒素的形成", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "免疫球蛋白包括以下哪5种?(  )", "options": {"A": "IgG、IgA、IgM、IgD和IgE", "B": "IgG、IgA、IgM、IgN和IgE", "C": "IgA、IgG、IgC、IgD和IgE", "D": "IgM、IgA、IgG、IgD和IgN"}, "answer": "IgG、IgA、IgM、IgD和IgE", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.对心脏的抑制作用最强的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "美西律", "B": "维拉帕米", "C": "卡托普利", "D": "强心苷"}, "answer": "维拉帕米", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "针对我国结核病疫情,首先需要控制的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "活动性肺结核的高患病率", "B": "城市人口的高感染率", "C": "地区患病率差异大", "D": "结核病患者的高死亡率"}, "answer": "城市人口的高感染率", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,66岁,反复咳嗽、咳痰12年,呼吸困难进行性加重半年,查体:桶状胸,双肺呼吸音减弱。胸部X线片示双肺野透亮度增高,膈肌低平。该患者肺功能检查项目中数值最可能增加的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "FEV", "B": "FVC", "C": "FEV1/FVC", "D": "FRC"}, "answer": "FRC", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪一种发作类型属于偏头痛等位发作?(  )", "options": {"A": "发作性头痛后伴有眼肌瘫痪", "B": "周期性发生某些症状而无头痛,或与头痛交替出现", "C": "耳鸣、共济失调,也可有嗜睡状态或跌倒发作", "D": "发作迅速,持续1~2小时可完全缓解"}, "answer": "周期性发生某些症状而无头痛,或与头痛交替出现", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,50岁。病人因剧烈眼痛,头痛,恶心,呕吐,急诊来院。检查:明显的睫状充血,角膜水肿,前房浅。瞳孔中等度开大,呈竖椭圆形,眼压升高为6.7kPa。房角镜检查:房角关闭。诊断:闭角型青光眼急性发作。该病人应立即给哪种药治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "毛果芸香碱", "B": "新斯的明", "C": "阿托品", "D": "去甲肾上腺素"}, "answer": "毛果芸香碱", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肾综合征出血热少尿的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "醛固酮增多", "B": "弥散性血管内凝血", "C": "肾动脉受压", "D": "肾小球滤过率下降"}, "answer": "肾小球滤过率下降", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血的神经系统表现(  )。", "options": {"A": "智力及动作发育落后,有倒退现象", "B": "注意力不集中,记忆力减退", "C": "腱反射减弱", "D": "感觉异常"}, "answer": "智力及动作发育落后,有倒退现象", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "10岁男孩,发热,关节肿痛,皮肤出现环形红斑,心率增快出现奔马律,血沉增快,经治疗上述症状、体征消失后,需继发性预防的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "避免关节损伤", "B": "减少体育运动", "C": "长效青霉素肌注", "D": "激素吸入维持"}, "answer": "长效青霉素肌注", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于肝炎病毒与传播途径的组合,哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "HBV——输血和注射", "B": "HAV——消化道传播", "C": "HDV——输血和注射", "D": "HEV——输血和注射"}, "answer": "HEV——输血和注射", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "人乳分为初乳、过渡乳及成熟乳,初乳是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "分娩4~5日内的乳汁,含脂肪多含蛋白少", "B": "分娩4~5日内的乳汁,含脂肪少含蛋白多", "C": "分娩7日内的乳汁,含脂肪多含蛋白少", "D": "分娩2日内的乳汁,含脂肪少含蛋白多"}, "answer": "分娩4~5日内的乳汁,含脂肪少含蛋白多", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "7个月患儿,发热3天,体温39~40℃,流涕,轻咳。查体:一般情况好,除咽部充血外,未见其他异常,一直服用中药治疗。今日热退,皮肤出现红色斑丘疹而就诊。2.本病的病原为(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹病毒", "B": "腺病毒", "C": "人类疱疹病毒6型", "D": "水痘病毒"}, "answer": "人类疱疹病毒6型", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "脑出血病人,45岁,入院2天,一直处于浅昏迷状态,颅内压继续增高,生命体征尚可,心肾功能良好,脑CT示小脑出血,血肿量20ml左右,侧脑室有扩大征象,采取何种措施最合适(  )。", "options": {"A": "继续内科用药降颅内压", "B": "降血压", "C": "手术清除血肿", "D": "使用止血药物如6-氨基乙酸等"}, "answer": "手术清除血肿", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,重体力劳动工人,腰腿痛,并向左下肢放散,咳嗽,喷嚏时加重。检查腰部活动明显受限,并向左倾斜,直腿抬高试验阳性。病程中无低热、盗汗、消瘦症状。2.为明确诊断,最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨核素扫描", "B": "CT", "C": "超声", "D": "肌电图"}, "answer": "CT", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.直肠癌(  )。", "options": {"A": "多通过淋巴途径转移", "B": "多通过种植性转移", "C": "以上三者均可", "D": "不发生转移"}, "answer": "多通过淋巴途径转移", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.易引起骨折延迟愈合的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腓骨颈骨折", "B": "腓骨中段骨折", "C": "胫骨上端骨折", "D": "胫骨中下1/3骨折"}, "answer": "胫骨中下1/3骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.细菌性痢疾的肠溃疡特征(  )。", "options": {"A": "溃疡呈环形与肠的长轴垂直", "B": "溃疡呈烧瓶状口小底大", "C": "溃疡边缘呈堤状隆起", "D": "溃疡表浅呈地图状"}, "answer": "溃疡表浅呈地图状", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患有幽门螺杆菌相关性胃炎的患者,给予哪种抗生素最适宜?(  )", "options": {"A": "四环素", "B": "红霉素", "C": "庆大霉素", "D": "羟氨苄青霉素"}, "answer": "羟氨苄青霉素", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪一疾病不是β肾上腺素受体阻断药的适应证?(  )", "options": {"A": "甲状腺功能亢进", "B": "窦性心动过速", "C": "高血压", "D": "支气管哮喘"}, "answer": "支气管哮喘", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "新生儿生后1分钟检查,四肢青紫,心率110次/分,弹足底有皱眉动作,四肢略屈曲,呼吸不规则。其Apgar评分应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "2分", "B": "4分", "C": "5分", "D": "6分"}, "answer": "6分", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "治疗胃肠道功能性疾病的关键是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支持治疗", "B": "抗抑郁治疗", "C": "解决思想矛盾、调整脏器功能", "D": "针灸、理疗"}, "answer": "解决思想矛盾、调整脏器功能", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "初孕妇,25岁。妊娠31周,从妊娠29周起反复3次阴道流血,量少,无腹痛。再次阴道流血同月经量。查体:P 88次/分,BP 110/70mmHg,子宫软,无宫缩,枕左前位,胎头高浮,胎心率144次/分。2.应该进行的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "测定血雌三醇值", "B": "B超检查", "C": "肛查判断宫颈是否扩张", "D": "盆腔X片"}, "answer": "B超检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,28岁。足月顺产后2周开始下床活动,突发左下肢疼痛、肿胀,左下肢皮肤略发绀,皮温高,表浅静脉曲张,沿左股静脉走行区有明显压痛,应考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "局限性深静脉血栓形成", "B": "左髂-股静脉血栓形成", "C": "血栓性大隐静脉炎", "D": "以上都不对"}, "answer": "左髂-股静脉血栓形成", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "单核吞噬细胞系统细胞功能(  )。", "options": {"A": "吞噬并清除病原微生物", "B": "抗原呈递作用", "C": "杀伤肿瘤细胞", "D": "以上均是"}, "answer": "以上均是", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.会穿鞋,能唱歌的年龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "3岁", "B": "4岁", "C": "5岁", "D": "6岁"}, "answer": "4岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.昏迷入院的病人抢救时医患关系模式属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动被动型", "B": "共同参与型", "C": "患者至上型", "D": "互惠型"}, "answer": "主动被动型", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,28岁,初孕,平素月经规律,妊娠40周,孕期检查正常,今自觉胎动减少,查体:T 36.0℃,P 70次/分,R 20次/分,BP 110/70mmHg,超声检查:羊水最大暗区2.5cm,指数7.0cm,检查:宫颈管未消,宫口未开,先露-3,胎心率120次/分。1.应进行的检查中不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿雌激素/肌酐比值", "B": "MRI", "C": "胎儿生物物理评分", "D": "B超复查"}, "answer": "MRI", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "只在线粒体内进行的糖代谢途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖酵解", "B": "糖异生", "C": "糖原代谢", "D": "三羧酸循环"}, "answer": "三羧酸循环", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "50岁,男性,肩病,僵硬,活动受限,颈部无症状,最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸廓出口综合征", "B": "臂丛神经炎", "C": "肩关节周围炎", "D": "脊髓空洞症"}, "answer": "肩关节周围炎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.急性腹泻(  )。", "options": {"A": "病程<2周", "B": "病程2周~2个月", "C": "病程2周~6个月", "D": "病程>2个月"}, "answer": "病程<2周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项为既是医德修养的境界,又是医德修养的方法?(  )", "options": {"A": "积善", "B": "反省", "C": "慎独", "D": "良心"}, "answer": "慎独", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "人的平常智力为(  )。", "options": {"A": "75~110", "B": "90~120", "C": "85~115", "D": "80~120"}, "answer": "85~115", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在医患交往中,强调维护患者权益是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "患者在信托关系中居于弱势地位", "B": "患者在信托关系中居于强者地位", "C": "患者在信托关系中有明确要求", "D": "医师对患者的关心"}, "answer": "患者在信托关系中居于弱势地位", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,28岁,既往体健,性格内向,敏感多疑。半年来低热,诊断为系统性红斑狼疮。住院应用肾上腺皮质激素治疗。病情好转,激素量已减低。近1个月来说话增多,情绪易激惹,兴奋,躁动。根据患者临床症状应考虑其初步诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "躁狂症", "C": "红斑狼疮所致精神障碍", "D": "反应性精神病"}, "answer": "红斑狼疮所致精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,3岁。出生时正常,母乳喂养,5个月后智能落后,头发变黄,肤色变白,多动,有肌痉挛,尿有鼠尿臭味。3.主要的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鲁米那", "B": "脑活素", "C": "低酮饮食", "D": "低苯丙氨酸饮食"}, "answer": "低苯丙氨酸饮食", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "血栓形成的条件错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血管内皮损伤", "B": "涡流形成", "C": "纤溶酶增加", "D": "组织因子释放"}, "answer": "组织因子释放", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "哪项是人和哺乳动物的心室肌细胞静息电位?(  )", "options": {"A": "–70mV", "B": "–60mV", "C": "–90mV", "D": "–110mV"}, "answer": "–90mV", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.脓液恶臭,普通细菌培养阴性的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "拟杆菌", "B": "绿脓杆菌", "C": "β-溶血性链球菌", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "绿脓杆菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,45岁。前额部疖肿10天。多次挤压排脓。今突发寒战、高热,伴头晕,无抽搐。查体:T 40℃,P 90次/分,R 26次/分,BP 100/70mmHg,神志清楚,前额红肿伴脓头,胸壁及肢体皮下可见瘀斑。血WBC 20.2×109/L,核左移,血培养(-)。该患者目前的主要诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脓毒症", "B": "额部蜂窝织炎", "C": "颅内感染", "D": "感染性休克"}, "answer": "脓毒症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "参与氨基酸吸收的主要载体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中性氨基酸载体", "B": "酸性氨基载体", "C": "碱性氨基酸载体", "D": "甘氨酸载体"}, "answer": "中性氨基酸载体", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿10个月,因间断腹泻2个月,面色苍白1个月就诊。大便2~3次/日,呈糊状,母乳喂养,4个月添加辅食。患儿3个月时因患坏死性小肠结肠炎,而行小肠大部切除术,术后一般情况渐好转。体检:皮肤黏膜苍白,舌细微震颤,心脏(-),肝肋下2.5cm,脾肋下1cm。4.下列最佳的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌内注射维生素B12治疗", "B": "输血治疗", "C": "口服叶酸治疗", "D": "肌内注射VitB12+口服叶酸治疗"}, "answer": "肌内注射VitB12+口服叶酸治疗", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,30岁。因下肢水肿2周就诊。体检:血压27/13kPa(200/100mmHg),尿蛋白(+++)、红细胞10~15个/HP,血Cr 150μmol/L,血白蛋白32g/L。4.[假设信息]若肾活检结果为:系膜轻度增生,部分肾小球有节段性硬化,伴肾小管轻度萎缩,其最可能诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膜性肾病", "B": "局灶节段性肾小球硬化症", "C": "系膜增生性肾小球肾炎", "D": "系膜毛细血管性肾炎"}, "answer": "局灶节段性肾小球硬化症", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "硫酸镁抗惊厥的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "降低血钙的效应", "B": "升高血镁的效应", "C": "升高血镁和降低血钙的联合效应", "D": "竞争性抑制钙作用,减少运动神经末梢释放乙酰胆碱"}, "answer": "竞争性抑制钙作用,减少运动神经末梢释放乙酰胆碱", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不是宫内节育器并发症的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰酸", "B": "感染", "C": "子宫穿孔", "D": "闭经"}, "answer": "闭经", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一个健康儿前囟1.0cm×1.0cm,体重7kg,刚能独坐一会儿、用手摇玩具,能认识熟人和陌生人,其月龄为(  )。", "options": {"A": "3个月", "B": "6个月", "C": "8个月", "D": "10个月"}, "answer": "6个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.分泌抗体(  )。", "options": {"A": "NK细胞", "B": "肥大细胞", "C": "细胞毒性T淋巴细胞", "D": "浆细胞"}, "answer": "浆细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,45岁。因反复咳嗽1个月到社区卫生服务中心就诊。医生与其交谈中得知该患者已经吸烟20多年,3年前曾经尝试戒烟1个月并得到家人的支持和鼓励。但后来患者由于听说戒烟会生病等传闻而不再考虑戒烟。3.针对该患者的情况,根据提高患者戒烟动机的干预措施的“5R”法,此时医生应侧重于采用下列哪项措施进行干预?(  )", "options": {"A": "建议改吸低焦油卷烟", "B": "使患者认识到戒烟可能的障碍", "C": "强调吸烟与其家人健康的相关性", "D": "说明戒烟的益处"}, "answer": "说明戒烟的益处", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在常规临床工作中测得的RF类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgG", "B": "IgA", "C": "IgM", "D": "IgE"}, "answer": "IgM", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "霍乱最重要的传播途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "食物传播", "B": "苍蝇媒介", "C": "水型传播", "D": "带菌动物传播"}, "answer": "水型传播", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.男性,32岁。发热,全身衰竭,伴皮肤出血2周来门诊。检查:肝、脾轻度肿大,牙龈肿胀。外周血浆血细胞减少,骨髓增生明显活跃,原始细胞72%,POX(+),非特异性酯酶(+),阳性反应可被NaF抑制。该病例临床诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性单核细胞白血病", "B": "急性红白血病", "C": "急性早幼粒细胞白血病", "D": "急性粒细胞白血病"}, "answer": "急性单核细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿营养中最主要的能量来源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "矿物质", "B": "糖类", "C": "脂类", "D": "蛋白质"}, "answer": "糖类", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "鉴别室速与阵发性室上速最有力的证据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "QRS波群宽大畸形的程度", "B": "是否存在房室分离", "C": "心室率的快慢", "D": "对迷走神经刺激的反应"}, "answer": "对迷走神经刺激的反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,34岁。风湿性心脏瓣膜病主动脉瓣狭窄9年,进行性活动耐力减低,近一年来,每于剧烈运动中发生昏厥,无高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症病史。查体:BP 100/70mmHg。心率78次/分,律齐,主动脉瓣区可闻及收缩期喷射性杂音。超声心动图提示左心室增大,LVEF 40%,主动脉瓣膜口面积1.1cm2,平均压力阶差55mmHg,跨瓣峰速度5.4m/s。对该患者最恰当的处置是(  )。", "options": {"A": "昏厥时硝酸甘油急救", "B": "避免竞技性运动,其他体力活动不受限制", "C": "口服阿托伐他汀", "D": "主动脉瓣置换术"}, "answer": "主动脉瓣置换术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "苯丙酮尿症患儿最突出的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "智能发育落后", "B": "肌张力增高", "C": "毛发皮肤色泽变浅", "D": "尿和汗液有鼠臭味"}, "answer": "智能发育落后", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "颅脑对冲伤最常见的受损部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "枕叶", "B": "额叶", "C": "顶叶", "D": "脑干"}, "answer": "额叶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "Graves病药物治疗最重要的停药指征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "T3、T4、TSH正常", "B": "r T3正常", "C": "TRH兴奋试验正常", "D": "TRAb阴转"}, "answer": "TRAb阴转", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "评定量表不同于心理测验主要在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "不需要常模", "B": "不用数量化", "C": "不严加控制", "D": "不由本人评定"}, "answer": "不严加控制", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "艾滋病的表现中哪项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "神经系统症状", "B": "体质性疾病", "C": "免疫缺陷所致感染", "D": "顽固休克"}, "answer": "顽固休克", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.布比卡因不常用于(  )。", "options": {"A": "表面麻醉", "B": "浸润麻醉", "C": "硬膜外麻醉", "D": "蛛网膜下腔麻醉"}, "answer": "表面麻醉", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,75岁,摔倒后右髋部着地,起身行走后感觉右髋关节处疼痛,入院后体检:测右侧踝关节到同侧大转子问的距离较左下肢短缩。右下肢轻度外旋,右髋关节处无明显肿胀畸形,右下肢纵向叩击痛明显。1.该患者可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右髋后脱位", "B": "右粗隆间骨折", "C": "右髋软组织损伤", "D": "右股骨颈骨折"}, "answer": "右股骨颈骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列各项中,属于白色血栓的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "延续血栓的体部", "B": "阻塞肺动脉主干的血栓栓子", "C": "疣状血栓性心内膜炎的疣状赘生物", "D": "基底动脉的血栓"}, "answer": "疣状血栓性心内膜炎的疣状赘生物", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,32岁。反复饥饿性上腹痛5年,疼痛多在餐前,进食后缓解,近段时间上腹痛加剧,并向背部放射。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃溃疡", "B": "复合性溃疡", "C": "十二指肠球前壁溃疡", "D": "十二指肠球后壁溃疡"}, "answer": "十二指肠球后壁溃疡", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,30岁,双侧上肢针刺不知疼痛,热水烫无知觉。查体:双上肢痛温觉丧失,触觉存在,病变部位最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓前角", "B": "脊髓前角,锥体束", "C": "脊髓灰质前联合", "D": "脊髓半侧损害"}, "answer": "脊髓灰质前联合", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.顺式作用元件是(  )。", "options": {"A": "DNA序列", "B": "蛋白质", "C": "操纵序列", "D": "阻遏型操纵子"}, "answer": "DNA序列", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "金属离子作为酶的辅助因子,其作用是多方面的,下列不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "稳定酶的构象所必需", "B": "便于酶对底物起作用", "C": "在催化反应中传递电子", "D": "决定酶催化反应的特异性"}, "answer": "决定酶催化反应的特异性", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于二尖瓣狭窄的叙述中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左心室肥大、扩张", "B": "右心房肥大、扩张", "C": "右心室肥大、扩张", "D": "肺淤血、水肿"}, "answer": "左心室肥大、扩张", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪一项不属于急性应激反应?(  )", "options": {"A": "易疲劳、失眠", "B": "激情爆发", "C": "焦虑", "D": "恐惧"}, "answer": "易疲劳、失眠", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,8个月,因发热2次,抽搐2次,伴呕吐,吃奶量减少,喜哭,易怒就诊。母乳喂养。查体:精神差,前囟饱满,心肺腹无异常发现,肌张力增高,脑脊液检查:外观混浊,白细胞1000×106/L,中性粒细胞为主,糖1mmol/L,氯化物107mmol/L,蛋白质2.0g/L。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核性脑膜炎", "B": "隐球菌性脑膜炎", "C": "化脓性脑膜炎", "D": "中毒性脑病"}, "answer": "化脓性脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.伤寒杆菌产生(  )。", "options": {"A": "内毒素", "B": "神经毒素", "C": "细胞毒素", "D": "红疹毒素"}, "answer": "内毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,71岁,吸烟患者,反复咳嗽,咳痰,气促40年,胸闷,心悸2年,加重伴发热1周,昏睡3小时入院。入院后查体:BP 140/90mmHg,嗜睡状态,呼之能应,瞳孔等大等圆,对光反射存在,口唇紫绀,双肺可闻及干、湿啰音,心率120次/分,期前收缩3次/分,下肢凹陷性水肿3.假设上述诊断成立,出现昏睡最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中毒性脑病", "B": "肺性脑病", "C": "脑梗死", "D": "脑出血"}, "answer": "肺性脑病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有助于诊断肝性脑病的血液化验指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "球蛋白", "B": "丙氨酸氨基转移酶", "C": "血小板计数", "D": "血氨"}, "answer": "血氨", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "治疗缺铁性贫血的主要目的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清铁水平恢复正常", "B": "血红蛋白恢复正常", "C": "补足贮存铁", "D": "红细胞水平恢复正常"}, "answer": "补足贮存铁", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于酶竞争性抑制剂的叙述不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制剂与底物结构相似", "B": "抑制剂与底物竞争酶的底物结合部位", "C": "增加底物浓度也不能达到最大反应速度", "D": "当抑制剂存在时Km值变大"}, "answer": "增加底物浓度也不能达到最大反应速度", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "IMP转变成GMP的过程中经历了哪种反应?(  )", "options": {"A": "氧化反应", "B": "脱水反应", "C": "还原反应", "D": "生物转化"}, "answer": "氧化反应", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "许某,女性,16岁,别人讲什么话,病人就学什么话,如医生问她:“你叫什么名字?”答:“你叫什么名字”;问:“你今年多大岁数?”答:“你今年多大岁数”。此症状为(  )。", "options": {"A": "持续言语", "B": "模仿言语", "C": "重复言语", "D": "病理性赘述"}, "answer": "模仿言语", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,59岁。慢性肝炎病史20年,4年前出现食管黏膜下静脉曲张,3个月前发现肝右叶拳头大肿物,甲胎蛋白阳性,患者的正确诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝衰竭", "B": "慢性肝炎伴胆管上皮癌", "C": "慢性肝炎伴食管静脉曲张", "D": "肝硬化伴肝细胞性肝癌"}, "answer": "肝硬化伴肝细胞性肝癌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,45岁。横结肠癌约4cm×4cm大小,已累及浆膜层,CT检查发现左肝外叶亦有3cm大小转移灶。胰腺正常。该病人的治疗应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "仅行全身化学疗法", "B": "结肠造瘘术", "C": "根治性结肠切除+左肝外叶切除术", "D": "结肠切除"}, "answer": "根治性结肠切除+左肝外叶切除术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一位风湿性心脏病患者,因气急、全身水肿、肝大、颈静脉怒张,服用地高辛半个月后出现室性期前收缩二联律,除立即停用洋地黄并补充钾盐外,首选的抗心律失常药为(  )。", "options": {"A": "普罗帕酮静注", "B": "苯妥英钠静注", "C": "硝酸甘油", "D": "胺碘酮口服"}, "answer": "苯妥英钠静注", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "震颤麻痹的病人禁止使用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗胆碱能药物", "B": "金刚烷胺", "C": "单胺氧化酶抑制剂", "D": "吩噻嗪类药物"}, "answer": "吩噻嗪类药物", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "12岁男童,左股骨下l/3骨折术后4天,出现左大腿下端疼痛伴高热达39.7℃,局部穿刺可引流少量淡黄色液体,怀疑为急性化脓性骨髓炎。3.该患者抗生素的使用不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "早期宜联合大量使用抗生紊", "B": "可根据药敏试验选择敏感抗生素", "C": "如果骨脓肿已经被控制,仍需连续使用抗生紊3周以上", "D": "凡出现X线片改变,均需手术治疗"}, "answer": "凡出现X线片改变,均需手术治疗", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,47岁,左下肢麻木2个月余,从上往下发展,近1个月出现右下肢无力。查体:颅神经及双上肢正常,左腹股沟下列痛温觉减退,右下肢肌力Ⅳ级,Babinski右(+)。1.最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左髓外硬膜内肿瘤", "B": "右髓外硬膜内肿瘤", "C": "脊柱结核", "D": "大脑肿瘤"}, "answer": "右髓外硬膜内肿瘤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "凡血袋有下述情形之一的,一律不得发出,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "没有说明书", "B": "血袋有破损、漏血", "C": "标签破损、字迹不清", "D": "血液中有明显凝块"}, "answer": "没有说明书", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.对严重颅内压增高病人最快速、有效的降颅压药物(  )。", "options": {"A": "20%甘露醇", "B": "双氢氯噻嗪", "C": "度冷丁", "D": "地塞米松"}, "answer": "20%甘露醇", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "最容易引起窦房传导阻滞的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高钾血症", "B": "饮茶", "C": "甲状腺功能亢进症", "D": "交感神经张力过高"}, "answer": "高钾血症", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,24岁,l临床诊断糖尿病1型,于胰岛素治疗后,病人经常于清晨3~4点出现手抖、大汗、饥饿感。空腹血糖11mmol/L,尿糖(++++),尿酮体(++++),夜间尿糖阴性。应采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "增加睡前中效胰岛素用量", "B": "减少晚餐的热量", "C": "加用双呱类药物", "D": "减少睡前中效胰岛素用量"}, "answer": "减少睡前中效胰岛素用量", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列几种情形中,可以准予医师执业资格注册的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "受吊销医师执业证书行政处罚,自处罚决定之日起至申请之日止不满一年的", "B": "受吊销医师执业证书行政处罚,自处罚决定之日起至申请之日止不满二年的", "C": "受吊销医师执业证书行政处罚,自处罚决定之日起至申请之日止已满二年的", "D": "受刑事处罚,自刑罚执行完毕之日起至申请注册之日止不满二年的"}, "answer": "受吊销医师执业证书行政处罚,自处罚决定之日起至申请之日止已满二年的", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下各项中不适合采取第一级预防的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "职业病", "B": "糖尿病", "C": "病因不明的疾病", "D": "脑卒中"}, "answer": "病因不明的疾病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肌注阿托品治疗有机磷农药中毒引起口干作用称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "毒性反应", "B": "变态反应", "C": "后遗效应", "D": "副反应"}, "answer": "副反应", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "艾滋病病毒(HIV)主要侵犯的靶细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "巨噬细胞", "B": "星形细胞", "C": "树突状细胞", "D": "以上均是"}, "answer": "以上均是", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不符合肱骨外上髁炎的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "持物无力", "B": "Mills试验(+)", "C": "Hoffmann征(+)", "D": "肘关节外侧局限性压痛"}, "answer": "Hoffmann征(+)", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,42岁,1年前与丈夫感情突然变坏,常失眠,感到全身不适,认为丈夫在食物中放了毒药暗害她,故吃饭时总是让丈夫先吃,而后她再吃。某次吃饭时要和丈夫交换饭碗,并说:“试验试验你。”之后抱着孩子哭了起来,说:“妈妈舍不得你呀!”认为鸡蛋中有辣味,饭里放了药使她泻肚子。1.病人有无妄想,属于哪一种?(  )", "options": {"A": "病人没有妄想症状", "B": "被控制妄想", "C": "疑病妄想", "D": "被害妄想"}, "answer": "被害妄想", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "正常成人热量的基本需要量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "20kcal/(kg·d)", "B": "25kcal/(kg·d)", "C": "35kcal/(kg·d)", "D": "15kcal/(kg·d)"}, "answer": "25kcal/(kg·d)", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一男性患者,肥胖,痤疮,紫纹,血皮质醇增高,不受小剂量地塞米松抑制,但可被大剂量地塞米松抑制。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯性肥胖", "B": "Cushing病", "C": "异位ACTH综合征", "D": "糖尿病"}, "answer": "Cushing病", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "足月儿,第l胎。生后2天黄疸明显,肝脾略肿大。血总胆红素255μmol/L(15mg/dl),1分钟胆红素2μmol/L,血型A,Rh,CcDee,直接抗人球蛋白试验弱阳性,母血型O,Rh,CcDEe。4.为防止本病发生胆红素脑病,制定治疗方案时,下列哪项是没有价值的?(  )", "options": {"A": "输白蛋白", "B": "保持血pH正常范围", "C": "维持动脉血二氧化碳分压正常", "D": "选用抗生素"}, "answer": "选用抗生素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "病理改变在肾脏,临床表现为膀胱刺激症状,最常发生此种情况的泌尿系疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鹿角形肾结石", "B": "肾肿瘤", "C": "泌尿系结核", "D": "肾积水"}, "answer": "泌尿系结核", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.通过浸透入血循环而损害肾脏的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氢氟酸烧伤", "B": "石炭酸烧伤", "C": "生石灰烧伤", "D": "磷烧伤"}, "answer": "石炭酸烧伤", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "内分泌疾病功能减退的治疗首选哪种方法?(  )", "options": {"A": "病因治疗", "B": "对症治疗", "C": "支持治疗", "D": "替代治疗"}, "answer": "替代治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,28岁,2个月来无痛性颈部淋巴结肿大,发热、消瘦、盗汗,血嗜酸性粒细胞增高,淋巴结活检找到里—斯细胞。下列体征除哪项外均可出现?(  )", "options": {"A": "浅淋巴结肿大", "B": "皮肤瘙痒", "C": "周期性发热", "D": "胸骨压痛"}, "answer": "胸骨压痛", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "以下治疗甲状腺危象的方案中,最完善的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗甲状腺药物。强心药,镇静剂,抗生素", "B": "抗甲状腺药物,强心药,镇静剂,p受体阻滞剂", "C": "大剂量抗甲状腺药物,复方碘溶液,糖皮质激素,β受体阻滞剂", "D": "复方碘溶液,强心药,抗生素,糖皮质激素"}, "answer": "大剂量抗甲状腺药物,复方碘溶液,糖皮质激素,β受体阻滞剂", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "各种细胞色素在呼吸链中的排列顺序是(  )。", "options": {"A": "a→a3→b→c1→c→O2", "B": "b→a3→a→c1→c→O2", "C": "c1→a3→b→a→c→O2", "D": "b→c1→c→aa3→O2"}, "answer": "b→c1→c→aa3→O2", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "钩端螺旋体病的基本病理变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全身毛细血管的感染中毒性损伤", "B": "肺毛细血管出血", "C": "急性肾功能不全", "D": "弥散性血管内凝血"}, "answer": "全身毛细血管的感染中毒性损伤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,35岁,黄疸、贫血伴关节酸痛3个月,体检检查巩膜黄染,脾肋下2cm,血红蛋白58g/L,白细胞5×109/L,网织红细胞计数25%,外周血涂片成熟红细胞形态正常,尿隐血试验阴性。4.经治疗缓解后,又出现上述症状,同时采取哪种措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "大剂量丙种球蛋白", "B": "脾切除", "C": "α-干扰素", "D": "ATG"}, "answer": "脾切除", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "与IgE具有亲和性的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛细血管基底膜细胞", "B": "嗜酸粒细胞和中性粒细胞", "C": "嗜碱粒细胞及肥大细胞", "D": "NK细胞"}, "answer": "嗜碱粒细胞及肥大细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肺炎支原体肺炎首选治疗药物为(  )。", "options": {"A": "第1代头孢菌素", "B": "第3代头孢菌素", "C": "大环内酯类药物", "D": "氨基苷类药物"}, "answer": "大环内酯类药物", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对雌激素生理作用的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "促进水钠潴留,维持和促进骨基质代谢", "B": "抑制子宫收缩", "C": "使宫颈口闭合,黏液分泌减少、变黏膜", "D": "加快阴道上皮细胞脱落"}, "answer": "促进水钠潴留,维持和促进骨基质代谢", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,32岁。外阴瘙痒伴烧灼感4天。妇科检查见外阴局部充血、小阴唇内侧及阴道黏膜表面有白色片状薄膜或凝乳状物。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌性阴道病", "B": "滴虫阴道炎", "C": "外阴阴道念珠菌病", "D": "淋菌性阴道炎"}, "answer": "外阴阴道念珠菌病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,68岁。反复咳嗽、咳痰、气促41年,心悸、水肿5年,近1周来症状加重入院。查体:呼吸急促,双肺可闻及干湿啰音,P2亢进,三尖瓣区闻及3/6级收缩期杂音。肝右肋下4cm,压痛(+),肝颈静脉回流征阳性,下肢水肿。此时首选的治疗是使用(  )。", "options": {"A": "强心剂", "B": "利尿剂", "C": "心血管扩张剂", "D": "抗生素"}, "answer": "利尿剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.流行性乙型脑炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "变质性炎", "B": "出血性炎", "C": "肉芽肿性炎", "D": "化脓性炎"}, "answer": "变质性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "面部开放性损伤,伤后12小时就诊,应采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "换药,不清创", "B": "清创后不缝合", "C": "清创后一期缝合", "D": "清创后延期缝合"}, "answer": "清创后一期缝合", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "最可能导致胎儿生长受限的主要危险因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "孕妇年龄小于35岁", "B": "母体双阴道单子宫", "C": "两次刮宫史", "D": "子宫发育畸形"}, "answer": "子宫发育畸形", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.骨囊肿可见到(  )。", "options": {"A": "局部肿块,无触痛,外伤后始发现", "B": "多发生于扁平骨及不规则骨", "C": "发病后迅速出现瘫痪", "D": "病理性骨折后可自愈"}, "answer": "病理性骨折后可自愈", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医学伦理原则不含(  )。", "options": {"A": "不伤害", "B": "尊重", "C": "胆识", "D": "公正"}, "answer": "胆识", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项符合矽肺的病变特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "I期矽结节主要局限在淋巴系统", "B": "Ⅱ期矽肺总的病变范围超过全肺的1/3", "C": "Ⅱ期矽肺全肺入水后下沉", "D": "Ⅲ期矽肺矽结节融合,分布少于四个肺区"}, "answer": "I期矽结节主要局限在淋巴系统", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.扩张型心肌病(  )。", "options": {"A": "患者血压明显升高,伴有剧烈头痛、呕吐、抽搐", "B": "患者平日有心悸、胸痛,劳力时气促,起立或运动时眩晕。体检:胸骨左缘第3~4肋间可闻及较粗糙的喷射性收缩期杂音,屏气时杂音增强", "C": "患者一周前出现发热、全身无力,现自觉心悸、胸闷。体检:心率120次/分,偶闻室性期前收缩,实验室回报CPK、AST、LDH增高", "D": "患者气急、端坐呼吸。体检:心脏扩大,听诊可闻及第四心音奔马律,双下肢水肿,超声心动图示左心室明显"}, "answer": "患者气急、端坐呼吸。体检:心脏扩大,听诊可闻及第四心音奔马律,双下肢水肿,超声心动图示左心室明显", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,26岁,停经10周,出现阴道出血,阵发性疼痛明显加重。妇科检查:子宫如孕8周,宫口通过1指,宫口处见有胚胎组织堵塞。1.此时最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不全流产", "B": "稽留流产", "C": "先兆流产", "D": "习惯性流产"}, "answer": "不全流产", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.胰岛B细胞分泌胰岛素属(  )。", "options": {"A": "外分泌", "B": "内分泌", "C": "自分泌", "D": "动作电位刺激细胞分泌"}, "answer": "内分泌", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,32岁。深Ⅱ度烧伤面积10%,Ⅲ度烧伤面积30%,伤后注射止痛针后转院治疗,途中1h。入院体检:血压70/40mmHg(9.33/5.33kPa),脉搏130次/min。2.若病人体重60kg,第一个8h应补给液体总量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "2000ml", "B": "2200ml", "C": "2800ml", "D": "4400ml"}, "answer": "2800ml", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "第一次心包穿刺抽液总量不宜超过(  )。", "options": {"A": "50ml", "B": "75ml", "C": "100ml", "D": "200ml"}, "answer": "200ml", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,45岁。左腿车轮碾压伤2小时。查体:T 37.2℃,P 145次/分,R 28次/分,BP 89/55mmHg。神情淡漠,面色苍白,口唇干燥,两肺呼吸音清。腹软,无压痛,左小腿中部开放性外伤,伤口近端在院外已用止血带缚扎30分钟,伤口无明显渗血。足背动脉搏动弱,此时该患者处理措施中错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "补充血容量", "B": "放开止血带,以免远端肢体缺血", "C": "做好术前准备,急诊手术", "D": "备血"}, "answer": "放开止血带,以免远端肢体缺血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿受结核菌感染多长时间后做OT试验即呈现阳性反应(  )。", "options": {"A": "8~10周", "B": "4~8周", "C": "2~4周", "D": "12~14周"}, "answer": "4~8周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.C2(  )。", "options": {"A": "补体经典途径的固有成分", "B": "补体旁路途径的固有成分", "C": "补体三条激活途径的共同成分", "D": "旁路途径的激活物"}, "answer": "补体经典途径的固有成分", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "应用智力测验测智商的主要目的不是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使儿童得到相应的教育与训练", "B": "对被试者是否有智力障碍作辅助诊断", "C": "预测被试者是否具有领导才能", "D": "了解被试者智力结构的特点"}, "answer": "预测被试者是否具有领导才能", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,32岁。会阴部骑跨伤5小时。伤后会阴部疼痛,尿道口滴血,不能自行排尿。生命体征稳定,阴囊肿大、青紫。正确的处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗感染", "B": "经会阴尿道断端吻合+引流尿外渗", "C": "膀胱造瘘", "D": "导尿"}, "answer": "经会阴尿道断端吻合+引流尿外渗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "人工喂养的婴儿估计每日奶量的计算是根据(  )。", "options": {"A": "能量需要量", "B": "胃容量", "C": "身高", "D": "体表面积"}, "answer": "能量需要量", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项属于细胞免疫(  )。", "options": {"A": "Shwartzman反应", "B": "过敏反应", "C": "GVHD反应", "D": "细胞毒型超敏反应"}, "answer": "GVHD反应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列对LDL的叙述中错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "LDL亦称β脂蛋白", "B": "它是胆固醇含量百分比最高的脂蛋白", "C": "富含apoB48", "D": "LDL在血中由VLDL转变而来"}, "answer": "富含apoB48", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "解磷定和氯磷定对下列哪种有机磷中毒疗效差?(  )", "options": {"A": "对硫磷", "B": "内吸磷", "C": "甲拌磷", "D": "敌百虫"}, "answer": "敌百虫", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎的临床特点,以下错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "起病急,病情重", "B": "中毒症状明显", "C": "肺部体征出现较晚", "D": "合并脓胸、肺大疱"}, "answer": "肺部体征出现较晚", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肿瘤细胞分化程度高意味着(  )。", "options": {"A": "不容易引起器官的阻塞和破坏", "B": "肿瘤周围有较多的淋巴细胞浸润", "C": "有较大的异型性", "D": "与起源组织相似"}, "answer": "与起源组织相似", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,40岁,大便次数增多、变形、粘液血便,消瘦,贫血。直肠镜检可见一边缘呈堤状隆起的溃疡形成,边界清楚。最佳的临床诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠结核", "B": "肠伤寒", "C": "肠阿米巴", "D": "溃疡型肠癌"}, "answer": "溃疡型肠癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.慢性肾衰竭尿中最常见的管型为(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞管型", "B": "透明管型", "C": "颗粒管型", "D": "蜡样管型"}, "answer": "蜡样管型", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "治疗有机磷中毒时,下述哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "出现阿托品化应减量,延长给药间隔时间", "B": "中度以上中毒,阿托品疗效差,可合用胆碱酯酶复活剂", "C": "阿托品与复活剂合用时,减少阿托品的用量", "D": "各种复活剂只选用一种即可"}, "answer": "中度以上中毒,阿托品疗效差,可合用胆碱酯酶复活剂", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.嘧啶分解可产生(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿酸", "B": "尿囊素", "C": "尿素", "D": "β—氨基异丁酸"}, "answer": "β—氨基异丁酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,42岁,10年来畏寒,少汗,纳差,月经不调,便秘,少语,少动,表情淡漠,情绪低落。近半年出现面色蜡黄,眼睑浮肿,表情和反应呆滞,有时出现一过性幻视。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑郁症", "B": "额叶肿瘤所致精神障碍", "C": "甲状腺功能低下所致精神障碍", "D": "神经衰弱"}, "answer": "甲状腺功能低下所致精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,40岁,身高160cm,体重90kg,血压180/100mmHg,自述头痛、月经紊乱,下腹部及臀部可见紫纹,以下检查首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "24h尿17-羟皮质类固醇", "B": "血、尿游离皮质醇及血皮质醇昼夜节律", "C": "大剂量地塞米松抑制试验", "D": "血浆ACTH测定"}, "answer": "血、尿游离皮质醇及血皮质醇昼夜节律", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿2岁,因体格智力发育落后来诊。查检:表情呆滞,两眼距宽,两眼外侧上斜,鼻梁低平,舌常伸出口外,通贯手。该患者诊断考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "21-三体综合征", "B": "苯丙酮尿症", "C": "呆小症", "D": "黏多糖病"}, "answer": "21-三体综合征", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,马车翻车时砸伤下腹部,查体:耻骨联合处压痛,挤压试验阳性,膀胱胀满,橡皮导管插入一定深度未引出尿液,导管尖端见血迹,此时应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "导尿管插入方法不对", "B": "导尿管阻塞", "C": "盆骨骨折并尿道断裂", "D": "盆骨骨折合并膀胱损伤"}, "answer": "盆骨骨折并尿道断裂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.心包积液(  )。", "options": {"A": "室间隔非对称性肥厚,舒张期室间隔厚度与左室后壁之比≥1.3", "B": "心前壁之前和心后壁之后有液性暗区", "C": "舒张期二尖瓣前叶呈圆拱状,后叶活动度减弱,交界处融合,瓣叶增厚和瓣口面积减小", "D": "主动脉瓣狭窄,左室射血分数0.55"}, "answer": "心前壁之前和心后壁之后有液性暗区", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项为医德评价的方式?(  )", "options": {"A": "医院领导", "B": "内心信念", "C": "卫生行政部门", "D": "社会制度"}, "answer": "内心信念", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.肺源性心脏病肺动脉高压形成的解剖因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性缺氧所致肺血管重建", "B": "缺氧性肺血管收缩", "C": "血液黏稠度增加", "D": "气道高反应性"}, "answer": "慢性缺氧所致肺血管重建", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肺炎患儿鼻前庭导管给氧,氧流量和氧浓度的选择是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氧流量0.5~1L/min,氧浓度<40%", "B": "氧流量2~4L/min,氧浓度<60%", "C": "氧流量5~6L/min,氧浓度<70%", "D": "氧流量7~8L/min,氧浓度<80%"}, "answer": "氧流量0.5~1L/min,氧浓度<40%", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "克罗恩病的最常见并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中毒性休克", "B": "结肠大出血", "C": "肠梗阻", "D": "急性肠穿孔"}, "answer": "肠梗阻", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,33岁。有溃疡性结肠炎病史,4天前出现脓血便,未行系统治疗。1天前又出现高热、明显腹胀。体格检查:腹膨隆,明显压痛和反跳痛,肠鸣音减弱。X线腹部平片可见结肠扩张,结肠袋形消失。此患者最可能出现的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核性腹膜炎", "B": "中毒性巨结肠", "C": "肠穿孔", "D": "结肠狭窄"}, "answer": "中毒性巨结肠", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "最易引起急性心力衰竭的心律失常是(  )。", "options": {"A": "窦性心动过缓", "B": "一度房室传导阻滞", "C": "快速心房颤动", "D": "偶发房性期前收缩"}, "answer": "快速心房颤动", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,26岁。右下腹痛、腹泻3个月,伴低热。结肠镜检查在回盲部见环形溃疡。X线钡剂结肠造影可见回盲部“跳跃征”。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠淋巴瘤", "B": "肠结核", "C": "克罗恩病", "D": "阿米巴肠病"}, "answer": "肠结核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.直、结肠家族性多发性腺瘤性息肉属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "交界性肿瘤", "B": "早期癌", "C": "良性肿瘤", "D": "癌前病变"}, "answer": "癌前病变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,28岁。发作性干咳、胸闷3年,夜间明显,无咯血、发热。每年发作2~3次,约1~2周可自行缓解。近2天来再次出现上述症状而就诊。查体:双肺呼吸有清晰,未闻及干湿性啰音,心率86次/分,心脏各瓣膜听诊区未闻及杂音。胸部X线片未见异常,肺通气功能正常。为明确诊断,应采取的进一步检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部高分辨CT", "B": "胸部MRI", "C": "胸部增强CT", "D": "支气管激发试验"}, "answer": "支气管激发试验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,28岁,间断发热、刺激性咳嗽3周。查体:T 37.5℃,右上肺可闻及哮鸣音。血常规正常,ESR 45mm/h。自服“头孢菌素”及“阿奇霉素”治疗无效。胸部X线片示上肺纹理增粗、紊乱。痰涂片抗酸染色阳性,对明确诊断最有意义的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管镜检查", "B": "诊断性抗结核治疗", "C": "痰分支杆菌培养", "D": "肺功能检查"}, "answer": "痰分支杆菌培养", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "抑郁患者的木僵哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "不吃不喝", "B": "面无表情", "C": "意识障碍", "D": "对体内外刺激无反应"}, "answer": "意识障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于糖异生途径关键酶的叙述,不恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "果糖双磷酸酶–1", "B": "丙酮酸激酶", "C": "PEP羧激酶", "D": "葡萄糖–6–磷酸酶"}, "answer": "丙酮酸激酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.人的各种稳定的心理特征的总和(  )。", "options": {"A": "能力", "B": "气质", "C": "性格", "D": "人格"}, "answer": "人格", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.肩关节周围炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "肩关节外展受限", "B": "肩部疼痛、无活动受限", "C": "肘关节活动受限", "D": "Finkelstein试验阳性"}, "answer": "肩关节外展受限", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心源性脑栓塞时,栓塞多发生在(  )。", "options": {"A": "大脑前动脉", "B": "大脑中动脉", "C": "大脑后动脉", "D": "基底动脉"}, "answer": "大脑中动脉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.卵巢上皮癌的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "顺铂+紫杉醇", "B": "紫杉醇+卡铂", "C": "顺铂+长春新碱+异环磷酰胺", "D": "顺铂+长春新碱"}, "answer": "紫杉醇+卡铂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,男,2岁半,经常反复呼吸道感染,体格检查发现胸骨左缘第2肋间有Ⅱ~Ⅲ级收缩期杂音,无震颤,P2亢进伴固定分裂。胸透示肺门血管增粗,搏动强烈,右心室饱满。ECG示电轴右偏,Vl呈rsR′型,RV115mm。2.根据其血流动力学改变,主要表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "右心房、右心室增大", "B": "左心房、左心室增大", "C": "左心房、右心房增大", "D": "左心室、右心室增大"}, "answer": "右心房、右心室增大", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于切除阑尾的术后病人,宜采取的医患模式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "被动-主动型", "B": "指导-合作型", "C": "共同参与型", "D": "合作-指导型"}, "answer": "指导-合作型", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初产妇,27岁。妊娠32周,阴道少量流血及规律腹痛2小时。肛门检查:宫颈管消失,宫口开大1.5cm。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "先兆早产", "B": "胎盘早剥", "C": "前置胎盘", "D": "晚期流产"}, "answer": "先兆早产", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,27岁。尿频、尿急、尿痛1年,一般抗炎治疗不好转,时有低热无力,尿检:白细胞20~30/HP,红细胞5~8/HP。肾图:右肾功能严重受损,左肾积水。初诊为肾结核,为确诊,以下检查意义最大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IVU", "B": "B超", "C": "肾动脉造影", "D": "血常规"}, "answer": "IVU", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪一项不是伤寒肠道病变的分期?(  )", "options": {"A": "血肿期", "B": "坏死期", "C": "溃疡期", "D": "愈合期"}, "answer": "血肿期", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,28岁,自述脑子空洞洞的,整天什么事也不想,常沉默不语,交谈时词汇量特别少,如问“谁送你来的?”答“父亲”,问“以前做什么工作?”答“不知道”。该症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "思维中断", "B": "思维贫乏", "C": "思维迟缓", "D": "病理性赘述"}, "answer": "思维贫乏", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "金黄色葡萄球菌与表皮葡萄球菌的共同特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "SPA", "B": "人群带菌率高", "C": "耐热核酸酶", "D": "溶血素"}, "answer": "人群带菌率高", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某慢性病患者用药期间出现耳鸣、眩晕、恶心、呕吐症状,可能是由哪种药物引起的?(  )", "options": {"A": "阿托品", "B": "地西泮", "C": "阿司匹林", "D": "维拉帕米"}, "answer": "阿司匹林", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,59岁。外伤致右腕部疼痛、肿胀1小时。既往体健,无糖尿病病史。查体:T 36.8℃,P 70次/分,R 18次/分,BP 100/60mmHg,心肺腹未见异常,右腕部疼痛、肿胀、活动受限。X线片检查:桡骨下端骨皮质不连续,对位对线良好,并有嵌插。最恰当的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮牵引", "B": "切开复位内固定", "C": "骨牵引", "D": "手法复位外固定"}, "answer": "手法复位外固定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,25岁。火焰烧伤头面、前胸和四肢后30分钟来诊。查体:BP 90/50mmHg,神志清,表情痛苦,烦躁不安。心率快,脉搏细弱。部分伤面呈黑痂,部分伤面有水泡,基底呈红色,痛觉过敏。1.最重要的紧急处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "快速静脉补液", "B": "创面处理", "C": "静滴抗生素", "D": "注射破伤风抗毒素"}, "answer": "快速静脉补液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "胃窦部有一圆形溃疡,直径2cm,溃疡较浅,不整齐,外形火山口状。其最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃溃疡病", "B": "急性胃溃疡", "C": "应激性溃疡", "D": "溃疡型胃癌"}, "answer": "溃疡型胃癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于缺铁性贫血患者的临床表现,下列选项不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "感染发生率减低", "B": "口角炎、舌炎、舌乳头萎缩较常见", "C": "胃酸缺乏及胃肠功能障碍", "D": "指甲扁平,甚至“反甲”"}, "answer": "感染发生率减低", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项情形下,必须找有关规定做抗体筛选试验,除了?(  )", "options": {"A": "交叉配血不合时", "B": "对有妊娠史者", "C": "对短期内需要接收多次输血者", "D": "对有过敏史者"}, "answer": "对有过敏史者", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,53岁,近一年来怕脏,不敢倒垃圾,不敢上公共厕所,在街上遇到垃圾车也怕,会反复洗手,自己知道不应该,但不能控制。为此感到苦恼而就诊。1.患者的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "恐惧性焦虑障碍", "B": "强迫障碍", "C": "疑病障碍", "D": "广泛性焦虑障碍"}, "answer": "强迫障碍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.女孩,3岁。因发热半天,呕吐2次,半小时前突然面色发灰,四肢发冷,于9月12日来院急诊。体检:T40.0℃,神志尚清,精神萎靡。重病容,面色发灰,口唇轻度发绀,呼吸速,四肢冷,皮肤可见花纹,血压30/0mmHg,脉细速,160次/min,心音较弱,腹软,Barbinski征、Brudzinski征均阴性。肛门指诊查大便常规:WBC 10~20/Hp,RBC0~1/Hp。吞噬细胞0~1/Hp(  )。", "options": {"A": "休克型中毒型细菌性痢疾", "B": "脑型中毒型细菌性痢疾", "C": "混合型中毒型细菌性痢疾", "D": "流行性乙型脑炎"}, "answer": "休克型中毒型细菌性痢疾", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,46岁,突发头痛、恶心、呕吐,无明显肢体瘫痪,脑膜刺激征阳性,脑脊液呈均匀一致血性,下述哪一诊断最不可能?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑叶出血", "B": "壳核出血", "C": "尾状核头出血", "D": "小脑出血"}, "answer": "壳核出血", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,45岁。平素体健。为抢救一外伤的幼儿献血100ml,如果不考虑交感/副交感神经兴奋性,最可能的血压、心率变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心率和血压均无明显变化", "B": "血压升高,心率加快", "C": "血压升高,心率减慢", "D": "血压降低,心率加快"}, "answer": "心率和血压均无明显变化", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "人体所需要的能量主要来自食物中的(  )。", "options": {"A": "膳食纤维、碳水化合物、脂肪", "B": "维生素、碳水化合物、脂肪", "C": "蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂肪", "D": "常量元素、碳水化合物、脂肪"}, "answer": "蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂肪", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是与葡萄球菌感染易于局限化有关的因素?(  )", "options": {"A": "SPA", "B": "血浆凝固酶", "C": "杀白细胞素", "D": "表皮剥脱毒素"}, "answer": "血浆凝固酶", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,68岁,进行性排尿困难,尿线变细,饮酒后症状加重。2.要确诊病因,首选的影像学检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CT", "B": "MRI", "C": "B超", "D": "膀胱造影检查"}, "answer": "B超", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "合并急性左心衰竭的阵发性室上性心动过速,最佳治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉注射维拉帕米", "B": "直流电复律", "C": "置入起搏器", "D": "射频消融术"}, "answer": "直流电复律", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于脓肿切开引流,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "在波动最明显处切口", "B": "切口应有足够长度,并在最低位", "C": "切口一定要与皮纹平行", "D": "脓肿切开后以手指将脓腔内的纤维隔分开"}, "answer": "切口一定要与皮纹平行", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以强制参保为原则,参保范围涵盖城镇所有用人单位和职工的保险为(  )。", "options": {"A": "城镇职工基本医疗保险", "B": "补充医疗保险", "C": "城镇居民基本医疗保险", "D": "商业医疗保险"}, "answer": "城镇职工基本医疗保险", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,25岁,发热、牙龈出血、皮肤瘀斑5天,胸骨压痛明显,肝脾肋下触及。血红蛋白70g/L,白细胞50×109/L,血小板20×109/L。骨髓:原始细胞0.90,POX(-),PAS阳性呈粗颗粒状,非特异性酯酶阴性。血清溶菌酶正常。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性早幼粒细胞白血病", "B": "急性粒细胞白细胞", "C": "急性单核细胞白血病", "D": "急性淋巴细胞白血病"}, "answer": "急性淋巴细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,1岁。高热6天,精神差,频繁咳嗽,阵发性喘憋。体检:鼻翼扇动,吸气性凹陷,两肺叩诊稍浊,呼吸音减低,双肺闻及少量中湿啰音。白细胞数9.O×109/L,胸部X线摄片示双肺片状密度较淡阴影。最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌性肺炎", "B": "腺病毒肺炎", "C": "肺炎支原体肺炎", "D": "肺炎链球菌肺炎"}, "answer": "腺病毒肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列情形中,可以参加执业医师资格考试的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "有医学专业本科以上学历,在医疗机构中试用期满1年", "B": "有医学专业本科以上学历,在医疗机构中工作满1年", "C": "有医学专业专科学历,在医疗机构中试用期满1年", "D": "有医学专业专科学历,在医疗机构中工作满1年"}, "answer": "有医学专业本科以上学历,在医疗机构中试用期满1年", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.发生在胰高血糖素与膜受体结合后(  )。", "options": {"A": "活化Gs", "B": "活化Gi", "C": "抑制刺激性G蛋白(Gs)", "D": "抑制抑制性G蛋白(Gi)"}, "answer": "活化Gs", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "Colles骨折,发生在(  )。", "options": {"A": "桡骨干", "B": "桡骨的任何部位", "C": "尺骨的远端", "D": "桡骨的远端"}, "answer": "桡骨的远端", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,10岁,突发右大腿下端剧痛伴高热达40℃二天,有毒血症表现,白细胞计数18×109/L中性90%,怀疑为急性化脓性骨髓炎。3.若已抽出脓液,最合适的治疗方法为(  )。", "options": {"A": "卧床休息", "B": "肢体制动", "C": "输液,注意水、电解质平衡", "D": "钻孔或开窗引流术"}, "answer": "钻孔或开窗引流术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪种情况下氧解离曲线右移?(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺通气阻力减小", "B": "代谢性碱中毒", "C": "2,3﹣二磷酸甘油增多", "D": "体温降低"}, "answer": "2,3﹣二磷酸甘油增多", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女患,诊断为右膝关节单纯滑膜结核,已行滑膜切除术后3周,病情恢复平稳,此时对膝关节的处理原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "待病情稳定后施关节融合术", "B": "继续皮牵引三个月,避免关节活动", "C": "逐渐开始练习不负重关节活动", "D": "必须大运动量,加强练习关节活动"}, "answer": "逐渐开始练习不负重关节活动", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,40岁。因患再生障碍性贫血入院治疗,既往曾多次输血。此时应考虑输注(  )。", "options": {"A": "浓缩红细胞", "B": "去除白细胞的红细胞", "C": "全血", "D": "血小板"}, "answer": "去除白细胞的红细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,62岁。9天前因食管下段癌,行左侧开胸,今日开始进流食后突发高热,体温39.2℃,胸部X线示左侧胸腔液气平面。该患者目前最可能的问题是(  )。", "options": {"A": "反流性食管炎", "B": "脓胸", "C": "吻合口瘘", "D": "功能性胃排空障碍"}, "answer": "吻合口瘘", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对巨噬细胞具有抑制作用的细胞因子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CSF", "B": "IL-2", "C": "TNF", "D": "TGF-β"}, "answer": "TGF-β", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列各项中,不属于法律中规定的孕产期保健服务内容的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "母婴保健指导", "B": "孕妇、产妇保健", "C": "孕妇职业卫生保健", "D": "新生儿保健"}, "answer": "孕妇职业卫生保健", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,36岁,5天前发热、咽痛,应用抗生素治疗无效。颈部浅表淋巴结肿大,咽部充血,扁桃体Ⅱ度肿大,下肢少许瘀斑。白细胞16.6×109/L,原始细胞0.6,血红蛋白80g/L,血小板34×109/L。3.为明确诊断应做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清铁蛋白", "B": "骨髓扫描", "C": "淋巴结活检", "D": "骨髓涂片细胞学检查"}, "answer": "骨髓涂片细胞学检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,8个月,腹泻4天,水样便,1日10余次。12小时无尿,呼吸深大,前囟眼窝明显凹陷,四肢凉。血钠127mmol/L,血钾4mmol/L,血钙2.25mmol/L,二氧化碳合力11.2mmol/L。3.补充累积损失液为主阶段的输液速度、张力及补液量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "每小时8~10ml/kg,1/3张600ml", "B": "每小时8~10ml/kg,1/2张600ml", "C": "每小时8~10ml/kg,2/3张450ml", "D": "每小时4~5ml/kg,1/2张450ml"}, "answer": "每小时8~10ml/kg,2/3张450ml", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,60岁,肠梗阻3天入院。查体:血压70/40mmHg,血钠125mmol/L,血钾3.2mmol/L,血气分析pH 7.31。1.治疗时首先(  )。", "options": {"A": "补钾", "B": "给予升压药", "C": "扩容", "D": "纠正酸中毒"}, "answer": "扩容", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对偶发的室性期外收缩的病人,进行术前准备,应给予(  )。", "options": {"A": "西地兰0.4mg加入25%葡萄糖溶液20m1,静脉缓推", "B": "心得宁15mg,每日3次口服", "C": "地高辛0.25mg,每日1~2次口服", "D": "一般不需特殊处理"}, "answer": "一般不需特殊处理", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列不属于胃液作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "激活胃蛋白酶原", "B": "使蛋白质变性", "C": "对淀粉进行初步消化", "D": "促进维生素B12的吸收"}, "answer": "对淀粉进行初步消化", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于真菌的抵抗力,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对干燥、阳光和紫外线有较强的抵抗力", "B": "耐热,60℃加热1h不能被杀死", "C": "对抗细菌的抗生素均不敏感", "D": "灰黄霉素、制霉菌素可抑制真菌生长"}, "answer": "耐热,60℃加热1h不能被杀死", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,31岁,初产妇。妊娠40+2周,临产后11小时分娩一女活婴,胎儿娩出35分钟,胎盘未娩出,无阴道流血。查体:P 80次/分,BP 130/80mmHg,子宫轮廓清。此时不恰当的处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "下压宫底并用力牵拉脐带", "B": "给予缩宫素", "C": "按摩子宫", "D": "探查宫腔和胎盘"}, "answer": "下压宫底并用力牵拉脐带", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "以下哪种成分的预防接种不属于主动免疫?(  )", "options": {"A": "减毒活疫苗", "B": "灭活疫苗", "C": "抗毒素", "D": "类毒素"}, "answer": "抗毒素", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.主要见于急性感染性心内膜炎的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Janeway损害", "B": "瘀点", "C": "Roth斑", "D": "Osler结节"}, "answer": "Janeway损害", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "病人静点时将直输液管看成是一条蛇是(  )。", "options": {"A": "虚构", "B": "感知综合障碍", "C": "谵妄", "D": "错觉"}, "answer": "错觉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,48岁。5年前患右上肺结核,痰菌阳性,经异烟肼、链霉素和乙胺丁醇治疗6个月,痰菌转阴,病灶明显吸收,自行停药,未再随访。近1个月来感乏力,2天前起咳嗽,痰中带血就诊。X线胸片示右上肺大片密影,边缘不清,密度不均,高密度病灶部分隐约见有钙化。侧位病变位于肺上叶尖后段,呈团块状,约4cm×4.5cm大小,边界毛糙。家庭中近期有人患肺结核。2.如果痰菌阴性,此时还应考虑下列哪种疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "支气管结核", "B": "肺癌", "C": "肺曲菌球", "D": "原发性支气管淀粉样变性"}, "answer": "肺癌", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,69岁。吞咽困难半年余,进行性加重,现只能进流食,并出现胸痛及咳嗽。该患者食管X线钡剂造影检查不可能出现的影像是(  )。", "options": {"A": "食管造影是气道内出现造影剂", "B": "食管下段呈鸟嘴征改变,边缘光滑", "C": "局部食管腔扩张", "D": "食管管壁僵硬,蠕动中断"}, "answer": "食管下段呈鸟嘴征改变,边缘光滑", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,40岁。右上腹胀痛伴间断发热3个月。1年前曾因“腹泻、菌痢”住院治疗后缓解。腹部B超示:肝右叶单发直径10cm囊肿,曾于粪便中发现有叶状伪足的滋养体。此病原体从肠道感染至肝的途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "从腹腔经淋巴系统入肝", "B": "从胆道上行入肝", "C": "从结肠经门静脉入肝", "D": "从小肠经门静脉入肝"}, "answer": "从结肠经门静脉入肝", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "异常行为是持久性学习或环境适应不良的结果,因此,可以通过消除条件反射的方法或通过改变学习的方法来矫正。行为是机体在与环境相互作用下的学习过程,异常行为和病理、生理变化既可通过各种条件反射习得和消除外,也可借助于观察、模仿或示范的学习方式获得或消除。2.在此心理治疗的理论中,决定治疗效果的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "适应性条件反射的形成", "B": "移情过程", "C": "无条件积极关注", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "适应性条件反射的形成", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "以下所列的外科手术中,不需要预防性使用抗生素的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃癌根治术", "B": "梗阻性黄疸行总胆管探查术", "C": "升结肠癌行右半结肠切除术", "D": "空肠平滑肌瘤行肠切除术"}, "answer": "空肠平滑肌瘤行肠切除术", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "治疗成人股骨头缺血性坏死,下述哪一项措施应特殊强调?(  )", "options": {"A": "非甾体类抗炎剂", "B": "减少负重", "C": "高压氧", "D": "扩血管药物"}, "answer": "减少负重", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,45岁,近1年来盗汗,心悸,易怒,食量增加。检查:突眼,心率110次/分,血压126/84mmHg,甲状腺弥漫性肿大Ⅲ°,心律齐、无杂音,举手颤动明显。查血T3、T4高于正常值。诊为原发性甲亢,经抗甲状腺药物治疗后复发,拟行甲状腺双侧次全切除术。2.该病人手术后最危急的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "手术区出血压迫气管", "B": "双侧喉上神经损伤", "C": "甲状腺危象", "D": "手术切口化脓性感染"}, "answer": "手术区出血压迫气管", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列有关动脉硬化性闭塞症临床特点的描述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病变常位于小动脉", "B": "多合并高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病", "C": "多见于男性", "D": "发病年龄多在45岁以上"}, "answer": "病变常位于小动脉", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,55岁。乏力、食欲减退1个月,症状逐渐加重、尿黄及眼黄1周。2个月前家中装修房子及搬家劳累。慢性乙型肝炎20年,无明显症状,未监测肝功能,未进行抗HBV治疗。查体:慢性病容,神志清,皮肤、巩膜黄染,腹部胀气,脾于肋下可触及,腹水征可疑。实验室检查:ALT 250U/L,AST 300U/L,TBi 300μmol/ L,ALB 30g/L,HBsAg(+),抗HBc(+),HBV DNA 6×107拷贝/ml。2.为进一步评价病情严重程度,需进行的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部MRI", "B": "凝血酶原活动度", "C": "腹水常规", "D": "血常规"}, "answer": "凝血酶原活动度", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对21-三体综合征最具诊断价值的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "智力发育落后", "B": "特殊愚型面容", "C": "染色体核型分析", "D": "通贯手"}, "answer": "染色体核型分析", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "鉴别肺炎球菌与甲型链球菌的试验是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆汁溶菌试验和菊糖发酵试验", "B": "血浆凝固酶试验和菊糖发酵试验", "C": "血浆凝固酶试验和甘露醇发酵试验", "D": "胆汁溶菌试验和甘露醇发酵试验"}, "answer": "胆汁溶菌试验和菊糖发酵试验", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "判断新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病严重程度的主要依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅脑超声", "B": "血清CPK-BB", "C": "脑电图", "D": "头颅CT"}, "answer": "脑电图", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性化脓性骨髓炎最常见的致病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙型链球菌", "B": "大肠埃希菌", "C": "肺炎链球菌", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "强心苷对下列哪一些心衰的治疗疗效较差甚至无效?(  )", "options": {"A": "瓣膜病、高血压、先天性心脏病", "B": "肺源性心脏病、心肌损伤、活动性心肌炎", "C": "严重二尖瓣狭窄和缩窄性心包炎", "D": "窦性节律的轻、中度心衰"}, "answer": "严重二尖瓣狭窄和缩窄性心包炎", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者诊断。肾综合征出血热,少尿期,并发高血容量综合征,经控制输液利尿、导泻仍不见改善,并出现呼吸困难、肺水肿,尿素氮40mmol/L,此时最好的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量护肾药的应用", "B": "透析疗法", "C": "停止补液", "D": "放血"}, "answer": "透析疗法", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.表明机体对药物处理的词(  )。", "options": {"A": "分布", "B": "表观分布容积", "C": "药物代谢动力学", "D": "清除"}, "answer": "药物代谢动力学", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "刺激胰岛素分泌的最主要因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃泌素释放", "B": "迷走神经兴奋", "C": "血糖浓度升高", "D": "血氨基酸浓度升高"}, "answer": "血糖浓度升高", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.骨肉瘤可见到(  )。", "options": {"A": "局部肿块,无触痛,外伤后始发现", "B": "表面静脉怒张", "C": "发病后迅速出现瘫痪", "D": "病理性骨折后可自愈"}, "answer": "表面静脉怒张", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.增强NK细胞杀伤活性(  )。", "options": {"A": "IL-4", "B": "IL-7", "C": "IL-8", "D": "IL-12"}, "answer": "IL-12", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "临床工作中评价营养不良有效指标不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清蛋白", "B": "血清白蛋白", "C": "血清转铁蛋白", "D": "周围血中粒细胞数"}, "answer": "周围血中粒细胞数", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "免疫增强疗法不宜用于(  )。", "options": {"A": "自身免疫病", "B": "超敏反应性疾病", "C": "病毒或真菌感染", "D": "免疫缺陷病"}, "answer": "自身免疫病", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,30岁,1年来常感下腹胀痛,曾在多家医院检查无异常,但仍紧张不安,近半年出现闷闷不乐,早醒,对事物兴趣丧失,感到自己的身体状况越来越差,认为自己得了绝症,时常对着家人哭泣,认为自己没有能力抚养子女,不但连累了家庭,给领导带来麻烦,还成为社会的负担,只有一死才能解脱。体检及神经系统无异常。1.该病人的诊断考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "疑病症", "C": "焦虑症", "D": "抑郁发作"}, "answer": "抑郁发作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "糖尿病肾病合并高血压首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "钙离子拮抗剂", "B": "β受体阻滞剂", "C": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂", "D": "血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻滞剂"}, "answer": "血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻滞剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,1岁,咳嗽,发热伴腹泻2周,进食少,每日大便7~8次,为黄色水样便,近3日嗜睡、乏力,头不能竖起。体检:体重7kg,表情淡漠,面色苍白,下颌呼吸,30次/min,不规则,两肺呼吸音粗糙,可闻及少量中、小水泡音,心率92次/min,心音低钝,腹胀,肠鸣音减少,皮肤干燥,弹性差,皮下脂肪厚0.4cm,膝反射消失。4.该患儿诊断应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管肺炎,中度营养不良,低血钾", "B": "支气管肺炎,小儿腹泻,低血钾", "C": "小儿腹泻,酸中毒低血钾", "D": "小儿腹泻,脱水,酸中毒"}, "answer": "支气管肺炎,中度营养不良,低血钾", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.细菌性痢疾的主要病变部位(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃、十二指肠", "B": "小肠", "C": "盲肠、升结肠", "D": "直肠、乙状结肠"}, "answer": "直肠、乙状结肠", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,32岁,10日前咽痛、发热,治疗后好转。3日前上腹部束带感,2日前出现双下肢麻木无力,排尿困难,1日前呼吸困难,饮水呛咳。查体:双下肢弛缓性瘫,自T5以下深浅感觉消失,尿潴留,双侧咽反射消失。首选治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮质类固醇激素", "B": "维生素B族", "C": "抗菌素", "D": "免疫球蛋白"}, "answer": "免疫球蛋白", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列有关肺表面活性物质的描述不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维持肺泡的扩张状态", "B": "降低肺泡表面的张力", "C": "稳定肺泡容积", "D": "降低肺的顺应性"}, "answer": "降低肺的顺应性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "与阿司匹林引起的反应无关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上腹不适、恶心、呕吐", "B": "出血时间延长", "C": "头痛、眩晕、耳鸣、视听力减退", "D": "口干、出汗、心悸"}, "answer": "口干、出汗、心悸", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,18岁,1型糖尿病病史3年,因“肺部感染”诱发糖尿病酮症酸中毒。3.以下哪项治疗措施对此患者是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "积极治疗肺部感染", "B": "积极补液,纠正脱水", "C": "积极大量补碱,尽快纠正酸中毒", "D": "严密观察血钾,防治低血钾"}, "answer": "积极大量补碱,尽快纠正酸中毒", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "胃液中可激活胃蛋白酶原、促进铁和钙吸收的成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内因子", "B": "HCl", "C": "H2CO3", "D": "维生素B12"}, "answer": "HCl", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于颅内肿瘤,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大脑半球发生脑肿瘤的机会最多", "B": "临床表现主要包括颅内压增高及局灶性症状及体征", "C": "神经胶质瘤是颅内最常见的恶性肿瘤", "D": "脑膜瘤为仅次于胶质瘤的颅内恶性肿瘤"}, "answer": "脑膜瘤为仅次于胶质瘤的颅内恶性肿瘤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不能用于平喘的肾上腺素受体激动药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素", "B": "特布他林", "C": "沙丁胺醇", "D": "苯肾上腺素"}, "answer": "苯肾上腺素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "典型的结核病局部病变不表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "结节", "B": "肉芽肿", "C": "冷脓肿", "D": "红肿热痛"}, "answer": "红肿热痛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "《医疗机构从业人员行为规范》提出的医疗机构从业人员执业的价值目标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "为人民健康服务", "B": "发扬人道主义精神", "C": "树立大医精诚理念", "D": "以患者为中心"}, "answer": "为人民健康服务", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "HIV的受体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD2分子", "B": "CD3分子", "C": "CD4分子", "D": "CD8分子"}, "answer": "CD4分子", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1岁小儿未接种过卡介苗,PPD阳性表示(  )。", "options": {"A": "体内已有免疫力不会再感染结核", "B": "体内有活动结核", "C": "对结核无免疫力,需立即接种卡介苗", "D": "受过结核感染,不一定有活动结核"}, "answer": "体内有活动结核", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对肾功能不全患者较为安全的降糖药(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲苯磺丁脲", "B": "格列喹酮", "C": "格列本脲", "D": "格列齐特"}, "answer": "格列喹酮", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿10个月,因间断腹泻2个月,面色苍白1个月就诊。大便2~3次/日,呈糊状,母乳喂养,4个月添加辅食。患儿3个月时因患坏死性小肠结肠炎,行小肠大部切除术,术后一般情况渐好转。查体:皮肤粘膜苍白,舌细微震颤,心脏(-),肝肋下2.5cm,脾肋下1cm,血红蛋白70g/L,红细胞2×1012/L,白细胞5.2×109/L,部分中性粒细胞有核右移。2.此患儿主要的发病原因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "喂养不当", "B": "营养物质吸收障碍", "C": "生长发育快,营养需要增多", "D": "慢性感染"}, "answer": "营养物质吸收障碍", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,2岁。因智力低下就诊,查染色体核型为46,XX,-21,+t(21q21q),其母亲核型为45,XX,-21,,+t(21q21q),若再生育,其下一代发生本病的风险为(  )。", "options": {"A": "10%", "B": "50%", "C": "75%", "D": "100%"}, "answer": "100%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "断肢再植术中操作,对肢体存活影响最大的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经缝接的质量", "B": "骨支架建立是否牢固", "C": "肌腱缝合的质量", "D": "血管吻合的质量"}, "answer": "血管吻合的质量", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于肝素,哪项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "肝素过量能引起骨质疏松", "B": "肝素是通过抗凝血酶Ⅲ起作用", "C": "肝素用量越大,其抗凝活性t1/2越长", "D": "肝素只在体外有抗凝血作用"}, "answer": "肝素只在体外有抗凝血作用", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "属于红细胞周围环境异常所致的溶血性贫血的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "遗传性球形细胞增多症", "B": "PNH", "C": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血", "D": "血红蛋白病"}, "answer": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不是HLA抗原功能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "参与胸腺T淋巴细胞分化发育", "B": "诱导移植排斥反应", "C": "参与自身免疫耐受的形成", "D": "参与调理吞噬"}, "answer": "参与调理吞噬", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "B细胞不具备的受体(  )。", "options": {"A": "mIg受体", "B": "C3b受体", "C": "Fc受体", "D": "TCR"}, "answer": "TCR", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "病人自觉大脑突然涌现出大量不自主的、杂乱无章的、不属于自己思想的陌生内容,此症状属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "强制性思维", "B": "强迫性思维", "C": "思维奔逸", "D": "被洞悉感"}, "answer": "强制性思维", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "当一伸肌被过度牵拉时张力会突然降低,其原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "负反馈", "B": "疲劳", "C": "回返性抑制", "D": "腱器官兴奋"}, "answer": "腱器官兴奋", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.镜下可见典型印戒细胞的卵巢肿瘤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "库肯勃瘤", "B": "纤维瘤", "C": "无性细胞瘤", "D": "浆液性癌"}, "answer": "库肯勃瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,36岁。慢性上腹痛12年,上腹胀,呕吐宿食3天。该患者缺失最明显的电解质可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "钾", "B": "镁", "C": "磷", "D": "铜"}, "answer": "钾", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "酶的生物学意义主要在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "氧化供能", "B": "作为细胞的结构成分", "C": "作为生物催化剂,催化体内大多数反应的进行", "D": "作为信息传递的载体"}, "answer": "作为生物催化剂,催化体内大多数反应的进行", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列不适于心理治疗的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经症", "B": "行为障碍", "C": "重症精神障碍的急性期", "D": "某些慢性病患者的恢复期"}, "answer": "重症精神障碍的急性期", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是磺胺药抗菌机制?(  )", "options": {"A": "抑制二氢叶酸还原酶", "B": "抑制DNA螺旋酶", "C": "抑制二氢叶酸合成酶", "D": "改变膜通透性"}, "answer": "抑制二氢叶酸合成酶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哪项是骨盆骨折最危险的并发症?(  )", "options": {"A": "盆腔内出血", "B": "直肠损伤", "C": "骶丛神经损伤", "D": "膀胱破裂"}, "answer": "盆腔内出血", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.骨软骨瘤可见到(  )。", "options": {"A": "局部肿块,无触痛,多偶然发现", "B": "表面静脉怒张", "C": "发病后迅速出现瘫痪", "D": "病理性骨折后可自愈"}, "answer": "局部肿块,无触痛,多偶然发现", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项不符合G蛋白的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "由α、β、γ三种亚基组成", "B": "α亚基能与GTP、GDP结合", "C": "α亚基具有GTP酶活性", "D": "β、γ亚基结合松弛"}, "answer": "β、γ亚基结合松弛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "睾酮主要由哪一种细胞分泌?(  )", "options": {"A": "睾丸支持细胞", "B": "睾丸间质细胞", "C": "曲细精管上皮细胞", "D": "精原细胞"}, "answer": "睾丸间质细胞", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.哪种RNA含有稀有碱基最多?(  )", "options": {"A": "mRNA", "B": "snRNA", "C": "tRNA", "D": "rRNA"}, "answer": "tRNA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,40岁。发现血尿、蛋白尿5年。查体:BP 150/90mmHg,双下肢轻度凹陷性水肿。实验室检查:尿蛋白1.0~1.7g/d,尿RBC 5~15/HP,Scr 100μmol/L。B超示双肾大小正常。3.该患者应首选的降压药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "袢利尿剂", "B": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂", "C": "钙通道阻滞剂", "D": "α受体拮抗剂"}, "answer": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,25岁。发热、头痛、腰痛l周.诊断为流行性出血热。现患者出现乏力、腹胀、四肢松软,反应迟钝、腱反射减退、肠鸣音减弱。心电图示:T波低平,ST段压低,出现U波。此时应采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "补钾盐", "B": "补钠盐", "C": "补钙盐", "D": "大量输液"}, "answer": "补钾盐", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,55岁,6年前诊断为肝硬化,近日来进行性消瘦,面色污秽,皮肤黄染,肝区疼痛,肝剑突下5cm、质硬、表面可触及大结节,有腹水,下肢浮肿。该患者的诊断应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性肝癌", "B": "坏死后性肝硬化", "C": "肝硬化合并肝癌", "D": "胆汁性肝硬化"}, "answer": "肝硬化合并肝癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.肺炎支原体可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "Q热", "B": "大叶性肺炎", "C": "原发性非典型肺炎", "D": "非淋球菌性尿道炎"}, "answer": "原发性非典型肺炎", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医疗机构发现可能与用药有关的严重不良反应,必须及时报告。有权接受其报告的单位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "药品监督管理部门和卫生计生行政部门", "B": "卫生监督机构和卫生计生行政部门", "C": "疾病预防控制机构和卫生监督机构", "D": "药品生产主管部门和药品经营主管部门"}, "answer": "药品监督管理部门和卫生计生行政部门", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,13岁,学生。持续畏寒、发热1周,神志不清半天,病前有右足刺伤史。查体:T 39.5℃,P 123次/分,BP 65/45mmHg,右足跟部红肿。血常规:WBC 24.3×109/L,N 0.89,L0.11。致本病最可能的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "革兰阴性菌", "B": "真菌", "C": "革兰阳性菌", "D": "病毒"}, "answer": "革兰阳性菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,26岁。5天来鼻及牙龈出血,皮肤瘀斑。血红蛋白55g/L,白细胞10.0×109/L,血小板16×109/L。骨髓增生极度活跃,绝大多数细胞呈清一色,胞浆内有大小不等颗粒及成堆Auer小体,过氧化酶染色强阳性。1.最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性早幼粒细胞性白血病", "B": "急性淋巴细胞性白血病", "C": "急性粒-单核细胞性白血病", "D": "慢性粒细胞性白血病急变"}, "answer": "急性早幼粒细胞性白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.复位后不需固定的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肩关节前脱位", "B": "桡骨头半脱位", "C": "髋关节后脱位", "D": "髋关节前脱位"}, "answer": "桡骨头半脱位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "必需脂肪酸与非必需脂肪酸的区别是(  )。", "options": {"A": "前者不能在人体内消化,而后者可以", "B": "后者不能在人体内消化,而前者可以", "C": "后者不能在人体合成,而前者可以", "D": "前者不能在人体合成,而后者可以"}, "answer": "前者不能在人体合成,而后者可以", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.在临床医学研究前,对无行为能力的病人要获得他家属的同意,这属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "代理同意", "B": "知情同意", "C": "不需同意", "D": "诱导同意"}, "answer": "代理同意", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列肺容量和通气量的数值中,哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "正常成人余气量约为1000~1500mL", "B": "正常成人功能余气量约为2500mL", "C": "正常成年男性肺活量平均为3500mL", "D": "正常成人每分通气量为60~90L"}, "answer": "正常成人每分通气量为60~90L", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,68岁。直肠指诊前列腺有一硬结,血清PSA 10.5ng/ml。为明确诊断应采取的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "MRI", "B": "经直肠B型超声", "C": "前列腺穿刺活组织检查", "D": "放射性核素扫描"}, "answer": "前列腺穿刺活组织检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,28岁。6小时前从4米高处坠落,不能站立行走,查体:左小腿明显肿胀,中段畸形,足背动脉搏动减弱,皮肤温度较对侧降低,被动屈伸足趾时疼痛加重。2.此类临床原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胫腓骨骨折不稳定", "B": "骨折压迫动脉影响血供", "C": "骨折压迫静脉影响血流", "D": "骨筋膜室内压力增高"}, "answer": "骨筋膜室内压力增高", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肺源性心脏病患者出现心室颤动、心脏骤停甚至突然死亡最常见的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性广泛心肌梗死", "B": "急性严重心肌缺氧", "C": "右心功能不全", "D": "左心功能不全"}, "answer": "急性严重心肌缺氧", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "地西泮抗焦虑的作用部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大脑皮层", "B": "下丘脑", "C": "黑质纹状体", "D": "边缘系统"}, "answer": "边缘系统", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "母乳喂养小儿,出现巨幼细胞性贫血,需补充(  )。", "options": {"A": "叶酸+维生素B12", "B": "铁", "C": "维生素D", "D": "维生素E"}, "answer": "叶酸+维生素B12", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,11个月。母乳喂养,近3个月来面色渐苍白,间断腹泻,原可站立,现坐不稳,手足常颤抖。体检面色苍黄,略水肿,表情呆滞。血红蛋白80g/L,红细胞2.0×1012/L,白细胞6.0×109/L。2.确诊须做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑CT", "B": "脑电图检查", "C": "血清铁检查", "D": "血清维生素B12、叶酸测定"}, "answer": "血清维生素B12、叶酸测定", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,10岁,水肿、少尿4日,今日头晕、眼花,恶心、呕吐2次,抽搐1次。查体:体温37.6℃,血压22/16kPa(165/120mmHg),眼睑及双下肢水肿。尿检:蛋白质(++),红细胞15~20个/HP。血尿素氮5~8mmol/L。1.诊断考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾炎合并循环充血", "B": "急性肾炎合并高血压脑病", "C": "急性肾炎合并肾功能不全", "D": "急进性肾炎"}, "answer": "急性肾炎合并高血压脑病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于乳腺癌,下列哪项是错误的(  )。", "options": {"A": "容易向周围浸润性生长", "B": "容易出现血行转移", "C": "浸润皮肤淋巴管可导致皮肤的橘皮样改变", "D": "浸润乳管可出现乳头回缩现象"}, "answer": "容易出现血行转移", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项不属于精神分裂症的阳性症状?(  )", "options": {"A": "联想散漫", "B": "妄想", "C": "注意力不集中", "D": "行为紊乱"}, "answer": "注意力不集中", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,40岁,已婚,经产妇,月经期延长,量多,痛经明显,子宫孕50d大小,有压痛,双附件正常,最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫肌瘤", "B": "子宫肌腺病", "C": "子宫肥大", "D": "早孕"}, "answer": "子宫肌腺病", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是梗死发生最常见的原因?(  )", "options": {"A": "血栓形成", "B": "动脉痉挛", "C": "动脉腔狭窄", "D": "静脉石"}, "answer": "血栓形成", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "病理性黄疸的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆红素每天上升的速度达到85μmol/L", "B": "生后48小时出现,胆红素水平高峰期达到205μmol/L", "C": "血清结合胆红素水平大于34μmol/L", "D": "血清未结合胆红素水平大于34μmol/L"}, "answer": "血清结合胆红素水平大于34μmol/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肱骨髁上骨折后出现手指不能内收、外展,夹纸试验阳性,最可能损伤的神经是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腋神经", "B": "桡神经", "C": "肌皮神经", "D": "尺神经"}, "answer": "尺神经", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3岁女童,因发热、畏光、流涕、咳嗽入院。经查,患儿口腔两侧出现中心灰白伴有红晕的颊黏膜斑,面部、颈部出现红色斑丘疹。可诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹", "B": "风疹", "C": "猩红热", "D": "腮腺炎"}, "answer": "麻疹", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "正常成年男性红细胞的平均值是(  )。", "options": {"A": "500万/L", "B": "5.0×107/L", "C": "5.0×109/L", "D": "5.0×1012/L"}, "answer": "5.0×1012/L", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,51岁,胸骨后剧烈疼痛4小时,伴大汗淋漓,血压80/40mmHg,心率134次/分,面色苍白,四肢发冷,心电图提示广泛心肌梗死。2.有指导意义的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心电图和血压检测", "B": "心肌酶谱检测", "C": "漂浮导管血流动力学检测", "D": "胸部X线"}, "answer": "心肌酶谱检测", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "继发性肺结核的主要感染方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸道感染", "B": "消化道感染", "C": "皮肤感染", "D": "内源性再感染"}, "answer": "内源性再感染", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于管型的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞管型,常见于急性肾炎", "B": "白细胞管型,常见于急性肾衰竭", "C": "脂肪管型,常见于肾盂肾炎", "D": "蜡样管型,常见于肾病综合征"}, "answer": "红细胞管型,常见于急性肾炎", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.上述哪项是引起支气管平滑肌舒张的肾上腺素能受体?(  )", "options": {"A": "α受体", "B": "β1受体", "C": "β2受体", "D": "N1受体"}, "answer": "β2受体", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "思维是属于心理活动的(  )。", "options": {"A": "意志过程", "B": "认知过程", "C": "情感过程", "D": "人格倾向"}, "answer": "认知过程", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,24岁,经产妇。阴道分娩后72小时,自觉乳房胀痛,发热。T 37.5℃,下腹部阵发性疼痛伴阴道少许流血。正确的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用抗生素", "B": "口服镇痛剂", "C": "排空乳房", "D": "静脉滴注缩宫素"}, "answer": "排空乳房", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.多伴稽留高热的肺炎是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎", "B": "革兰阴性杆菌肺炎", "C": "腺病毒肺炎", "D": "肺炎支原体肺炎"}, "answer": "腺病毒肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "青年男性,2天来胸背部疼痛,今晨出现双下肢无力,伴二便障碍,查脐以下各种感觉障碍,双下肢肌力0级,无病理反射。2.首先应做的有诊断意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骶椎MRI", "B": "头部MRI", "C": "胸椎MRI", "D": "腰椎MRI"}, "answer": "胸椎MRI", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哪项是新生儿败血症最有价值的诊断依据?(  )", "options": {"A": "皮疹明显", "B": "白细胞总数增加", "C": "血培养阳性", "D": "高热"}, "answer": "白细胞总数增加", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性粒细胞白血病的临床特点为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脾脏显著肿大,并有腹胀、低热、乏力", "B": "容易并发感染", "C": "纵隔淋巴结肿大", "D": "低热、无汗"}, "answer": "脾脏显著肿大,并有腹胀、低热、乏力", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对病人自主与医生做主之间关系的正确理解是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人自主与医生做主不是对立的", "B": "病人自主与医生做主是对立的", "C": "强调病人自主,也充分看到医生做主的存在价值", "D": "强调医生决定,兼顾病人自主"}, "answer": "强调病人自主,也充分看到医生做主的存在价值", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,70岁。咳嗽、咳痰30年,劳力性呼吸困难2年。加重伴双下肢水肿、尿少3天入院。胸部X线片检查最可能出现的心脏病特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "靴形心", "B": "梨形心", "C": "心尖上翘", "D": "普大型心"}, "answer": "心尖上翘", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心室颤动时电除颤的能量选择应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "单相波120J", "B": "双相波100J", "C": "单相波360J", "D": "单相波200J"}, "answer": "单相波360J", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.慢性肺淤血可引起的脏器改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脾脏白色锥形病灶", "B": "回盲部肠腔狭窄", "C": "胃壁溃疡形成", "D": "肝大"}, "answer": "肝大", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "最易与GTCS混淆的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "破伤风", "B": "震颤麻痹", "C": "去大脑强直", "D": "癔病"}, "answer": "癔病", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.哪一种抗体阳性的SLE患者易形成动、静脉血栓?(  )", "options": {"A": "抗核抗体", "B": "抗Sm抗体", "C": "抗双链DNA抗体", "D": "抗磷脂抗体"}, "answer": "抗磷脂抗体", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.整合在细菌染色体上的噬菌体的核酸是(  )。", "options": {"A": "温和噬菌体", "B": "毒性噬菌体", "C": "前噬菌体", "D": "L型细菌"}, "answer": "前噬菌体", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.肩部撞伤后肩关节不能上举及外展,肘关节不能屈曲(  )。", "options": {"A": "桡神经损伤", "B": "全臂丛神经损伤", "C": "臂丛神经下干损伤", "D": "臂丛神经上干损伤"}, "answer": "臂丛神经上干损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项为蛛网膜下腔出血最可靠的诊断依据?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑膜刺激征", "B": "头痛、呕吐", "C": "腰穿时发现血性脑脊液", "D": "偏瘫"}, "answer": "腰穿时发现血性脑脊液", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.21-三体综合征的表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "眼距增宽,皮肤粗糙,智力落后", "B": "眼距增宽,外眦上斜,通贯手", "C": "身材矮小,四肢短粗,智力正常", "D": "消瘦,腹胀,排便困难"}, "answer": "眼距增宽,外眦上斜,通贯手", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.哪种RNA含有内含子和外显子?(  )", "options": {"A": "snRNA", "B": "tRNA", "C": "hnRNA", "D": "rRNA"}, "answer": "hnRNA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,30岁,胃溃疡病史3年,1小时前突发上腹痛,症状局限且较轻,确诊为胃溃疡并发穿孔。正确处理为(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯穿孔修补术", "B": "常规胃大部切除术", "C": "全胃切除术", "D": "高选择性迷走神经切断术"}, "answer": "单纯穿孔修补术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,45岁。患高血压13年,2年前患急性前壁心肌梗死,门诊测血压145/70mmHg,心率96次/分,该患者最适宜的降压药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "普萘洛尔", "B": "维拉帕米", "C": "硝苯地平", "D": "哌唑嗪"}, "answer": "普萘洛尔", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某人的红细胞与B型血的血清凝集,其血清与B型血的红细胞也凝集,其血型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "A型", "B": "AB型", "C": "B型", "D": "Rh型"}, "answer": "A型", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,35岁。因尿频、尿急、尿痛2天就诊。体检:体温38.5℃。右肾区叩痛明显,尿常规:蛋白(++),白细胞满视野,红细胞10~15个/HP。2.此时最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾盂肾炎", "B": "急性间质性肾炎", "C": "尿道综合征", "D": "慢性肾盂肾炎"}, "answer": "急性肾盂肾炎", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于骨髓外造血,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓外造血主要是婴儿期", "B": "在造血需要增加时出现", "C": "表现为肝肿大,脾及淋巴结肿大", "D": "以上皆是"}, "answer": "以上皆是", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎增生的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球球囊壁层上皮细胞", "B": "肾小球球囊脏层上皮细胞", "C": "肾小球系膜细胞和内皮细胞", "D": "肾小球内皮细胞"}, "answer": "肾小球系膜细胞和内皮细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,18岁,学生,近1年来出现反复洗手,每次洗手时间可达30min,对做过的题目不放心,反复检查,以致耽搁考试时间,明知无需如此,却不能自控,为此苦恼不堪,当被阻止其洗手或检查时,即出现烦躁不安。2.该病人的症状属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "强迫性观念、强迫性动作", "B": "情绪不稳定", "C": "强制性思维", "D": "被动体验"}, "answer": "强迫性观念、强迫性动作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肾综合征出血热早期休克的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心肌损害", "B": "血浆外渗", "C": "病毒血症", "D": "电解质紊乱"}, "answer": "血浆外渗", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "股骨下1/3骨折后,远折端向后倾斜移位,主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "缝匠肌的牵拉", "B": "腓肠肌的牵拉", "C": "半腱肌的牵拉", "D": "半膜肌的牵拉"}, "answer": "腓肠肌的牵拉", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "囊虫病的传染源(  )。", "options": {"A": "猪", "B": "蚊", "C": "猪肉绦虫病人", "D": "螨"}, "answer": "猪肉绦虫病人", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.B淋巴细胞抗原识别受体(  )。", "options": {"A": "TCR", "B": "BCR", "C": "FCR", "D": "C4bR"}, "answer": "BCR", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医生赵某,在门诊值班时发现一例霍乱病人,但未予以隔离治疗,经门诊治疗后让患者回家,结果使患者家人染上该病,有关卫生行政部门对其进行行政处分。医生对处分不满,他应该在多长期限内向上一级卫生行政部门申请复议(  )。", "options": {"A": "一个月内", "B": "十五日内", "C": "十日内", "D": "随时都可以"}, "answer": "十五日内", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.拇趾背伸乏力或不能,小腿前侧和足内侧皮肤感觉改变,出现在(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰2~3间盘后外侧突出", "B": "腰3~4间盘后外侧突出", "C": "腰4~5间盘后外侧突出", "D": "骶1~2间盘后外侧突出"}, "answer": "腰4~5间盘后外侧突出", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有一老人,车祸时发生右大腿骨粉碎性及开放性骨折,在送往医院途中,该病人出现面部青紫、呼吸困难、口吐白沫而亡,其最可能的死因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "气体栓塞", "B": "脂肪栓塞", "C": "脑出血", "D": "气胸"}, "answer": "脂肪栓塞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一般需经3~4周培养才能见到有细菌生长的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核分枝杆菌", "B": "淋球菌", "C": "空肠弯曲菌", "D": "炭疽杆菌"}, "answer": "结核分枝杆菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "创伤性休克早期最常出现的酸碱失衡类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸性碱中毒", "B": "代谢性碱中毒", "C": "代谢性酸中毒", "D": "呼吸性酸中毒"}, "answer": "代谢性酸中毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,53岁。右季肋部胀痛1个月余。查体:无黄疸,肝肋缘下3cm,质硬,无腹水征。B超示肝右叶低回声病灶,约11cm×10cm,肝左叶见多个小低回声区。AFP>1000ug/L。最佳的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "放射治疗", "B": "肝动脉插管栓塞化疗", "C": "剖腹探查术", "D": "中草药治疗"}, "answer": "肝动脉插管栓塞化疗", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,42岁,多饮、多食10年,空腹血糖经常大于10.8mmol/L。近两个月来眼睑及下肢轻度水肿,血压160/100mmHg,尿蛋白(++)。最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖尿病肾病", "B": "糖尿病合并肾盂肾炎", "C": "肾小球肾炎", "D": "糖尿病酮症酸中毒"}, "answer": "糖尿病肾病", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,29岁,低热,酱油色尿2个月。查体:巩膜黄染,贫血面容,肝脾不肿大。血红蛋白73g/L,血小板100×109/L,白细胞4.4×109/L,网织红细胞计数0.15,尿隐血阴性。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性红白血病", "B": "阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿", "C": "缺铁性贫血", "D": "慢性感染性贫血"}, "answer": "阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,24岁,因高热2周,血便1天入院。大便为鲜红色血便,共3次,总量约500ml,伴乏力、纳差、头晕。体检:体温39.2℃,血压100/60mmHg,脉搏90次/min。外周血白细胞4.2×109/L。2.下列处理中不恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血培养检查", "B": "行结肠镜检查", "C": "行肥达反应检查", "D": "应用抗生素"}, "answer": "行结肠镜检查", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "人体内嘌呤核苷酸分解代谢的主要终产物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿素", "B": "肌酸", "C": "肌酸酐", "D": "尿酸"}, "answer": "尿酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于病毒性肝炎的肝细胞基本病变,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "气球样变", "B": "脂肪变性", "C": "肝细胞再生", "D": "嗜酸性坏死"}, "answer": "脂肪变性", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某县医院医师张某在一个考核周期内开具不合理处方达5次以上,被认定考核不合格。县卫生计生行政部门根据《执业医师法》责令其暂停一定期限的执业活动并接受培训。该期限是(  )。", "options": {"A": "3~6个月", "B": "1~6个月", "C": "6~12个月", "D": "1~3个月"}, "answer": "3~6个月", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列不属于新生儿黄疸需要换血的指征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "总胆红素达342μmol/L", "B": "出生12小时内胆红素每小时上升大于12μmol/L。", "C": "已有胆红素脑病的早期表现", "D": "血清总胆红素小于40μmol/L"}, "answer": "血清总胆红素小于40μmol/L", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "股骨颈骨折pauwells角是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "股骨颈长轴线与股骨干纵轴线之间形成的夹角", "B": "股骨颈长轴线与股骨胫骨之间的夹角", "C": "股骨颈骨折线与股骨干纵轴线之间的夹角", "D": "股骨颈骨折线与两髂嵴连线之间的夹角"}, "answer": "股骨颈骨折线与两髂嵴连线之间的夹角", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女婴,10个月,腹泻每日 5~7次,水样便。伴呕吐2次。每日尿量较平日略少些。查体:前囟平,哭有泪,口唇略干,四肢温暖,无腹胀,皮肤弹性尚可。该儿腹泻病情为轻型与重型的区别点主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有无发热呕吐", "B": "有无水、电解质紊乱", "C": "大便含黏液、血性为重型", "D": "镜检有大量脂肪滴为重型"}, "answer": "有无水、电解质紊乱", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,58岁。乏力、低热1个月。查体:双侧颈部、腋窝和腹股沟均可触及肿大淋巴结,最大者直径2cm、质韧、无触痛,胸骨无压痛,肝肋下未触及,脾肋下3cm。实验室检查:Hb 76g/L,WBC 5.2×109/L,PLT 123×109/L,网织红细胞0.14,Coombs试验(+),尿胆红素(-),尿胆原(+++)。3.针对该患者的贫血首选的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "泼尼松", "B": "环磷酰胺", "C": "环孢素A", "D": "丙种球蛋白"}, "answer": "泼尼松", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.中效胰岛素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "普通胰岛素、锌结晶胰岛素", "B": "慢胰岛素锌悬液、半慢胰岛素锌悬液", "C": "鱼精蛋白锌胰岛素、慢胰岛素锌悬液", "D": "中性鱼精蛋白锌胰岛素、慢胰岛素锌悬液"}, "answer": "中性鱼精蛋白锌胰岛素、慢胰岛素锌悬液", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,44岁。4周来反复胸痛,发作与劳累及情绪有关,休息可以缓解。4小时前出现持续性疼痛,进行性加剧,并气促,不能平卧,血压110/70mmHg,心率130次/分,律齐,心尖部可闻及3/6级收缩期杂音,双肺散在哮鸣音及湿性啰音。3.首选治疗方案应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "β受体阻断药预防室性心律失常", "B": "抗生素控制感染", "C": "洋地黄类药物", "D": "吗啡和利尿药"}, "answer": "吗啡和利尿药", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女婴,2天。嗜睡1天来诊。足月产,有窒息史。查体:R 30次/分,面色发绀,前囟饱满紧张,心率90次/分,心音低钝,四肢肌张力差,拥抱反射消失。最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病", "B": "新生儿肺透明膜病", "C": "胎粪吸入综合征", "D": "新生儿湿肺"}, "answer": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "细胞中进行DNA复制的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "核蛋白体", "B": "细胞膜", "C": "细胞核", "D": "细胞浆"}, "answer": "细胞核", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列有关氨基糖苷类抗生素的叙述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溶液性质较稳定", "B": "对革兰阴性菌作用强", "C": "易透过血脑屏障,但不易透过胎盘", "D": "胃肠道不易吸收"}, "answer": "易透过血脑屏障,但不易透过胎盘", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.接触疫水可感染血吸虫病,是因为疫水中含有血吸虫的(  )。", "options": {"A": "虫卵", "B": "母胞蚴", "C": "子胞蚴", "D": "尾蚴"}, "answer": "尾蚴", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心力衰竭细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺褐色硬化内含铁血黄素的嗜酸性粒细胞", "B": "肺褐色硬化内含铁血黄素的淋巴细胞", "C": "肺褐色硬化内含铁血黄素的巨噬细胞", "D": "肺褐色硬化内含铁血黄素的嗜碱性粒细胞"}, "answer": "肺褐色硬化内含铁血黄素的巨噬细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述情形中属于医疗技术事故的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "无法避免造成死亡", "B": "因技术不熟练,术中误伤大血管造成病员大出血死亡", "C": "由于难以预料的原因造成病员死亡", "D": "无法避免造成残废"}, "answer": "因技术不熟练,术中误伤大血管造成病员大出血死亡", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿5岁,半年来不规则发热,游走性大关节疼痛,伴局部红肿,查体见四肢屈侧有环形红斑。为了明确诊断医生做了一些实验室检查,请找出对诊断没有意义的指标(  )。", "options": {"A": "血沉", "B": "抗链“O”", "C": "C反应蛋白", "D": "谷草转氨酶"}, "answer": "谷草转氨酶", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "环境污染物危险度评价中的暴露评价可以估计出(  )。", "options": {"A": "某化学物在环境介质中的浓度", "B": "某化学物是否对机体产生危害", "C": "危险物特征", "D": "人群对某化学物暴露的强度、频率和持续时间"}, "answer": "人群对某化学物暴露的强度、频率和持续时间", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.口渴时尿量减少的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血浆晶体渗透压升高", "B": "囊内压升高", "C": "抗利尿激素分泌减少", "D": "肾血浆流量减少"}, "answer": "抗利尿激素分泌减少", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.C5a(  )。", "options": {"A": "C5转化酶", "B": "阻断C3转化酶的形成", "C": "干扰C9与C8的结合", "D": "过敏毒素"}, "answer": "过敏毒素", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.上述哪一型食管癌较早引起梗阻?(  )", "options": {"A": "缩窄型或硬化型", "B": "髓质型", "C": "蕈伞型", "D": "腔内型"}, "answer": "缩窄型或硬化型", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪个药物能诱发支气管哮喘?(  )", "options": {"A": "酚苄明", "B": "普萘洛尔", "C": "酚妥拉明", "D": "洛贝林"}, "answer": "普萘洛尔", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列有关胎盘屏障的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是胎盘绒毛与子宫血窦间的屏障", "B": "通透性与一般毛细血管相同", "C": "可阻止药物从母体进入胎儿血循环中", "D": "妊娠妇女原则上应禁用一切影响胎儿发育的药物"}, "answer": "可阻止药物从母体进入胎儿血循环中", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "提出“人命至重,有贵千金,一方济之,德逾于此”观点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "孙思邈", "B": "扁鹊", "C": "张仲景", "D": "华佗"}, "answer": "孙思邈", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.乙类传染病包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "鼠疫,霍乱", "B": "传染性非典型肺炎,艾滋病", "C": "艾滋病,霍乱", "D": "流行性感冒,流行性腮腺炎"}, "answer": "传染性非典型肺炎,艾滋病", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有一位妇女乳腺发现肿块,较硬,而且与周围组织境界不清。取组织活检,镜下见瘤细胞大小不等,核大深染,形态不规则,瘤细胞浆少;多呈索条状排列,少量呈腺样散在大量纤维组织内,后者有明显玻璃样变。此瘤可能诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺癌肉瘤", "B": "乳腺腺癌", "C": "乳腺髓样癌", "D": "乳腺硬癌"}, "answer": "乳腺硬癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一小儿体重20kg,身长110cm,身长之中点位于脐与耻骨联合之间,腕部骨化中心出现7个,已出现第一磨牙,没开始换牙。2.小儿腕部骨化中心共有(  )。", "options": {"A": "8个", "B": "10个", "C": "11个", "D": "12个"}, "answer": "10个", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "消化性溃疡并发急性肠穿孔时,不可能出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "板状腹", "B": "全腹压痛、反跳痛", "C": "肝浊音界扩大", "D": "膈下游离气体"}, "answer": "肝浊音界扩大", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.过期妊娠OCT试验阴性,胎头已衔接,宫颈开大2cm。适当的处理为(  )。", "options": {"A": "剖宫产", "B": "破膜引产", "C": "促宫颈成熟", "D": "会阴后侧切开助产"}, "answer": "破膜引产", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "SCL-90(90项症状核查表)属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "人格问卷", "B": "适应行为量表", "C": "精神症状评定量表", "D": "多项病态人格调查表"}, "answer": "精神症状评定量表", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医学微生物学的正确定义是(  )。", "options": {"A": "研究微生物的类型、分布、形态结构、代谢、生长繁殖与变异以及与人类、动物和植物等相互关系的一门科学", "B": "亦称病原生物学,它研究病原生物的生物学特性、感染与免疫的机理、特异性诊断手段及所致疾病的防治等的一门科学", "C": "主要研究与医学有关的病原微生物的生物学特性、感染与免疫的机理、特异性诊断方法以及所致疾病的防治措施的一门基础医学学科", "D": "研究真菌的生物学特性、分类及其与人类关系的一门学科"}, "answer": "主要研究与医学有关的病原微生物的生物学特性、感染与免疫的机理、特异性诊断方法以及所致疾病的防治措施的一门基础医学学科", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿8个月,母乳喂养,未添加辅食,近1个月来面色螬黄,虚胖,手足抖动,肝肋下2cm,RBC 2.1×1012/L,Hb 80g/L。以下有关治疗错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素B12肌内注射", "B": "镇静剂治疗", "C": "改为羊奶喂养", "D": "加强护理防治感染"}, "answer": "改为羊奶喂养", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,3岁,偏食,不吃鱼肉类制品,近1个月来,家长发现其脸色渐苍白,自诉全身无力。查体:心尖部可闻及Ⅳ级收缩期杂音,肝于右肋下可触及3.0cm,脾于肋下可触及边缘。Hb50g/L,RBC2.95×1012/L,MCV74fl,MCH26pg,MCHC30%,考虑为缺铁性贫血。1.铁剂治疗后,如果有效,首先出现什么变化(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞上升", "B": "血清铁蛋白上升", "C": "网织红细胞上升", "D": "总铁结合力升高"}, "answer": "网织红细胞上升", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "丘脑非特异投射系统的主要作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "引起触觉", "B": "引起牵涉痛", "C": "调节内脏活动", "D": "维持大脑皮质的兴奋状态"}, "answer": "维持大脑皮质的兴奋状态", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "风疹,发热后几日出皮疹(  )。", "options": {"A": "半天~1天", "B": "1~2天", "C": "3~4天", "D": "5~6天"}, "answer": "半天~1天", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "最常用于诊断卵巢肿瘤的辅助手段为(  )。", "options": {"A": "CT检查", "B": "B超", "C": "腹部平片", "D": "细胞学检查"}, "answer": "B超", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "抗铜绿假单胞菌作用最强的头孢菌素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头孢孟多", "B": "头孢他定", "C": "头孢氨苄", "D": "头孢噻吩"}, "answer": "头孢他定", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,23岁,间断发热、关节痛1年,半月来高热、皮疹、下肢浮肿;血压 120/80mmHg,皮肤无紫癜,肝脾不大,尿蛋白(+++),尿红细胞5~10/HP,颗粒管型偶见,Hb 98g/L,网织红细胞5%,血BUN 7mmol/L。2.为进一步明确诊断,最重要的血液学化验是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ESR", "B": "RF", "C": "血浆蛋白", "D": "抗核抗体谱"}, "answer": "抗核抗体谱", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "骨折的急救不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "创口包扎", "B": "妥善固定", "C": "迅速运输", "D": "开放骨折复位"}, "answer": "开放骨折复位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,60岁,多饮、多尿2周,嗜睡2天,有脱水表现,血尿素氮42.9mmol/L,血钠150mmol/L,尿酮体阴性,如诊断为高渗性非酮症糖尿病昏迷。1.下述哪一项检查为主要依据?(  )", "options": {"A": "血钾4.Ommol/L", "B": "血二氧化碳结合为17.6mmol/L", "C": "尿蛋白(++)", "D": "血糖36.1mmol/L"}, "answer": "血糖36.1mmol/L", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "骨骼肌兴奋-收缩偶联中起关键作用的离子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Na+", "B": "Cl-", "C": "Ca2+", "D": "K+"}, "answer": "Ca2+", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,50岁。2个月前,因急性前壁心肌梗死入院,经左前降支内药物支架植入后,住院7天出院。此后患者无任何症状,服用药物1个月后自行停用。2小时前在睡眠中再次发生剧烈胸痛。心电图为急性前壁再发心肌梗死。该患者本次再梗的最可能原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "冠状动脉痉挛", "B": "冠状动脉内斑块破裂", "C": "冠状动脉内新病变形成", "D": "支架内血栓形成"}, "answer": "支架内血栓形成", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,35岁。被倒塌的房屋压伤左下肢6小时入院。查体:T 37℃,P 108次/分,R 28次/分,左小腿大片肌肉撕脱,伤口处留有大量污物。急诊行清创处理,术后3天,患者体温逐步上升,烦躁不安,大量出汗,尿量明显减少。观察伤口:左下肢明显肿胀,见大量恶臭浆液血性渗出物。皮下可触及捻发音。下面处理措施不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "整块切除受累肌肉", "B": "应用高压氧治疗", "C": "首选氨基糖苷类抗生素", "D": "病变区多处切开"}, "answer": "首选氨基糖苷类抗生素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "儿童缺铁性贫血的临床表现不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "食欲不振", "B": "心率、呼吸加快", "C": "肝脾肿大", "D": "肢体震颤"}, "answer": "肢体震颤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性患者,32岁,车祸后右下肢肿痛3小时,右小腿颜色发青,肿胀,皮温低,右足背动脉搏动未触及,X线片示右股骨髁上骨折,远端向后移位明显,患者临床表现的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右小腿骨筋膜室综合征", "B": "外伤后血管痉挛", "C": "右腘血管受压损伤", "D": "以上都不对"}, "answer": "右腘血管受压损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "6个月患儿,腹泻水样便5天,精神委靡,眼窝及前囟明显凹陷,四肢稍凉,尿量明显减少,呼吸稍快,血清钠未测,应补给0.9%氯化钠:5%葡萄糖:1.87%乳酸钠溶液的体积(ml)数为(  )。", "options": {"A": "400:300:200", "B": "450:300:150", "C": "300:450:150", "D": "400:600:200"}, "answer": "300:450:150", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肺泡回缩力主要来自(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺泡的弹性纤维", "B": "肺泡膜的液体分子层表面张力", "C": "胸内负压", "D": "胸廓弹性回缩"}, "answer": "肺泡膜的液体分子层表面张力", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列不属于甲状旁腺作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "调节钙磷代谢", "B": "抑制肾小管磷的重吸收", "C": "促使钙从骨骼转移到血液中", "D": "促进机体生长发育"}, "answer": "促进机体生长发育", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是有特异性抗原受体的细胞?(  )", "options": {"A": "B淋巴细胞", "B": "浆细胞", "C": "巨噬细胞", "D": "NK细胞"}, "answer": "B淋巴细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,30岁。被汽车撞伤左季肋部1小时来诊,查体:体温37.5℃,脉搏110次/分,血压90/60mmHg。腹平坦,左上腹肌略紧张,局部压痛,全腹有反跳痛,有移动性浊音(+),听诊未闻及肠鸣音。首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "平卧位X线腹部平片", "B": "胸部X线检查", "C": "上消化道钡餐透视", "D": "诊断性腹腔穿刺"}, "answer": "诊断性腹腔穿刺", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.不常发作也不很强烈的偏头痛应选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "非类固醇吲哚美辛药物", "B": "5-羟色胺受体激动剂", "C": "普萘洛尔、苯噻啶等药物", "D": "皮质类固醇"}, "answer": "非类固醇吲哚美辛药物", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "缺铁性贫血患者因组织缺铁而发生的临床表现不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "口腔炎、舌炎", "B": "匙状甲", "C": "头晕、乏力", "D": "皮肤干燥、皱缩"}, "answer": "头晕、乏力", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项不是卵巢分泌的激素?(  )", "options": {"A": "雌二醇", "B": "孕酮", "C": "促卵泡激素", "D": "抑制素"}, "answer": "促卵泡激素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,29岁,左前胸刀刺伤半小时。查体:烦躁不安,皮肤苍白湿冷,呼吸困难,脉细弱,140次/分,颈静脉怒张,血压70/50mmHg,左前胸第5肋间处见约4cm刀伤口。3.哪项是既有诊断意义又有治疗价值的最佳选择?(  )", "options": {"A": "心导管检查", "B": "心包腔穿刺", "C": "胸膜腔穿刺", "D": "胸腔闭式引流"}, "answer": "心包腔穿刺", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "6个月患儿,发热咳嗽5天,近1日呕吐,喷射状,抽搐2次,静脉滴注抗生素3天。查体:嗜睡,前囟饱满,两肺闻及少许中小水泡音。X线片:右下肺少许斑片状阴影。血常规:白细胞14.8×109/L,淋巴细胞0.31,脑脊液:外观混浊,自细胞500×106/L,蛋白质阳性,糖、氯化物均下降。做OT试验,硬结直径为0.5cm(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核性脑膜炎", "B": "肺炎链球菌脑膜炎", "C": "流行性乙型脑炎", "D": "肺炎,中毒性脑病"}, "answer": "肺炎链球菌脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "咳嗽变异型哮喘正确诊断的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗生素治疗有效", "B": "支气管扩张剂能缓解", "C": "无家族过敏史", "D": "出现咯血"}, "answer": "支气管扩张剂能缓解", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,45岁。地震中受挤压10小时后获救,出现酱油色尿。查体:BP 105/60mmHg,左下肢肿胀、压痛,尿隐血(++++),尿沉渣镜检RBC 0~2/HP。Scr 280μmol/L,K+ 7.5mol/L,肌酸激酶3500IU/L(正常值0~200IU/L)。首要的急救治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "利尿", "B": "血液透析", "C": "抗感染", "D": "肿胀患肢切开减压"}, "answer": "血液透析", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "流脑的流行病学特点哪一项是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "人群带菌率超过10%提示有发生流行的可能", "B": "流行期的带菌群以A群为主", "C": "发病常无明显的季节性", "D": "经消化道传播"}, "answer": "流行期的带菌群以A群为主", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.县级以上各级人民政府卫生行政主管部门(  )。", "options": {"A": "负责组织建设医疗废物集中处置设施", "B": "对医疗废物收集、运送、贮存、处置活动中的疾病防治工作实施统一监督管理", "C": "对医疗废物收集、运送、贮存、处置活动的环境污染防治工作实施统一监督管理", "D": "在各自的职责范围内负责与医疗废物处置有关的监督管理工作"}, "answer": "对医疗废物收集、运送、贮存、处置活动中的疾病防治工作实施统一监督管理", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿4岁,近1个月低热、乏力、易怒且消瘦。查体:颈部淋巴结肿大,肺无啰音,肝肋下1.5cm;结核菌素试验(++);胸片:右肺可见哑铃状阴影。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管肺炎", "B": "原发综合征", "C": "浸润性肺结核", "D": "颈部淋巴结核+支气管淋巴结核"}, "answer": "原发综合征", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗风湿性疾病的药物,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "青霉胺", "B": "布洛芬", "C": "泼尼松", "D": "PGE(前列腺素)"}, "answer": "PGE(前列腺素)", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪一项不是胃液分泌的抑制性因素(  )。", "options": {"A": "十二指肠内pH值降到2.5以下", "B": "脂肪在胃内", "C": "小肠内脂肪", "D": "小肠内高张溶液"}, "answer": "脂肪在胃内", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述是躯体疾病所致精神障碍的共同特点,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "躯体疾病严重时,精神症状明显", "B": "精神症状多发于躯体疾病高峰期", "C": "精神症状多具有昼重夜轻的波动性", "D": "躯体和(或)神经系统有病理体征及实验室的阳性所见"}, "answer": "精神症状多具有昼重夜轻的波动性", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,30岁,妊娠40周,临产12小时之后,在产钳助娩下分娩一4100g的女婴,胎儿娩出后15分钟胎盘人工剥离取出,检查胎盘无异常。继之发生阴道大量流血。4.该患者分娩过程中,在胎肩娩出后为防止产后出血,应预防性使用(  )。", "options": {"A": "止血药物", "B": "输血", "C": "缩宫素", "D": "抗菌素"}, "answer": "缩宫素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肺炎病原体最不常见的入侵途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血行播散", "B": "定植菌误吸", "C": "飞沫吸入", "D": "淋巴道感染"}, "answer": "淋巴道感染", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于临终关怀符合伦理学的原因,说法不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可以减轻家庭的经济负担", "B": "提高病人的生命质量", "C": "可以缩短病人的痛苦的生命时限", "D": "客观上可以节约卫生资源"}, "answer": "可以减轻家庭的经济负担", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3个月婴儿,体重5kg,需人工喂养,每日喂8%糖牛奶量应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "400ml", "B": "550ml", "C": "650ml", "D": "700ml"}, "answer": "550ml", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,4岁,发热、头痛3天,呕吐2次,喷射状,当天晚上开始抽搐而入院,体温39℃,面色较苍白,白细胞22×109/L,中性粒细胞占0.88。如果该患儿诊断为化脓性脑膜炎,在查体时,最常发现的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "深昏迷,呼吸不规则", "B": "颈强存在,神经系统检查有异常", "C": "肢体张力增高", "D": "血压明显升高"}, "answer": "颈强存在,神经系统检查有异常", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述对于肺泡表面活性物质生理作用的叙述,哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "稳定肺泡内压", "B": "增加肺的回缩力", "C": "维持肺泡于适当的扩张状态", "D": "阻止血管内水分滤入肺泡"}, "answer": "增加肺的回缩力", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,27岁,皮肤反复出紫癜半年来诊。体检:巩膜无黄染,胸骨无压痛,肝脾未触及,血红蛋白100g/L,白细胞3.8×109/L,分类淋巴细胞占60%,中性粒细胞40%,血小板40×109/L,骨髓象增生活跃,粒系占28%,红系占10%,淋巴系占52%,成熟浆细胞7%,组织嗜碱细胞3%,巨核细胞2个,无病态造血,Ham试验(-),网织红细胞0.8%。2.治疗上应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "MP方案化疗", "B": "脾切除", "C": "雄性激素结合中医中药", "D": "以上都不对"}, "answer": "雄性激素结合中医中药", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "应用心理学的方法影响或改变病人的感受、认识、情感和行为,调整个体与环境之间的平衡,称之为(  )。", "options": {"A": "心理治疗", "B": "心理诊断", "C": "心理咨询", "D": "心理适应"}, "answer": "心理治疗", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "新生儿结扎脐带时消毒不完全而导致脐带风,是感染了哪种细菌?(  )", "options": {"A": "破伤风梭菌", "B": "白喉杆菌", "C": "肉毒梭菌", "D": "流感嗜血杆菌"}, "answer": "破伤风梭菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.肾病综合征低蛋白血症是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿蛋白定量大于50mg/(kg·d)", "B": "血清白蛋白浓度小于或等于25g/L", "C": "血清白蛋白浓度大于或等于35g/L", "D": "胆固醇大于5.7mmol/L"}, "answer": "血清白蛋白浓度小于或等于25g/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在糖酵解、糖有氧氧化及糖异生途径中共有的化合物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "3-磷酸甘油醛", "B": "乳酸", "C": "草酰乙酸", "D": "乙酰辅酶A"}, "answer": "3-磷酸甘油醛", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,36岁,心悸3年,既往体健。查体:BP 130/80mmHg,双肺未闻及湿啰音,心脏各瓣膜区未闻及杂音,心律不齐。心电图示:心室率140次/min,P波消失,代之大小不等的f波。该患者最可能出现的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发绀", "B": "二尖瓣面容", "C": "脉搏短绌", "D": "P2亢进"}, "answer": "脉搏短绌", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列选项不属于钩端螺旋体病后期并发症的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "后发热", "B": "闭塞性脑动脉炎", "C": "反应性脑膜炎", "D": "肾损害"}, "answer": "肾损害", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在心肌状态和大动脉压力保持恒定的情况下,在一定范围内增加静脉回流量可以增加心室肌的哪项指标?(  )", "options": {"A": "前负荷", "B": "代谢率", "C": "后负荷", "D": "前负荷和后负荷"}, "answer": "前负荷", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,35岁,胃区常隐痛3年,与饮食有关,间有黑便。检查:血红蛋白75g/L,红细胞3.1×1012/L,白细胞5.9×109/L,血小板130×109/L,患者最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性肝病贫血", "B": "缺铁性贫血", "C": "营养不良性贫血", "D": "溶血性贫血"}, "answer": "缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "门静脉高压症主要临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "男性乳房发育", "B": "肝掌", "C": "腹水", "D": "蜘蛛痣"}, "answer": "腹水", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4岁女孩,反复发生支气管肺炎,消瘦,平时安静,不爱活动,稍活动后气急。胸骨左缘上方可闻及连续性的“机器”样杂音,占全收缩期和舒张期,杂音向左锁骨下、颈部和背部传导。超声心动图检查证实为先天性心脏病,动脉导管未闭。1.该患儿先天性心脏病的血流动力学的改变主要为(  )。", "options": {"A": "体循环血量增加,肺循环血量减少", "B": "体循环血量减少,肺循环血量增加", "C": "体循环血量与肺循环血量均增加", "D": "体循环血量与肺循环血量均减少"}, "answer": "体循环血量减少,肺循环血量增加", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,70岁。腹部绞痛伴腹胀4小时,无呕吐,下消化道X线钡剂造影见直肠上钡剂受阻,钡影尖端呈“鸟嘴”形。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙状结肠癌", "B": "乙状结肠扭转", "C": "直肠癌", "D": "小肠扭转"}, "answer": "乙状结肠扭转", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是易发生DIC的白血病?(  )", "options": {"A": "ALL-L2", "B": "AML-M1", "C": "AML-M5", "D": "AML—M3"}, "answer": "AML—M3", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于肩周炎,下列选项不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多发生于40岁以上中老年人", "B": "为肩周肌、肌腱、滑囊、关节囊的慢性损伤性炎症", "C": "活动时疼痛,并牵涉到上臂", "D": "本病能自愈,且不留功能障碍"}, "answer": "本病能自愈,且不留功能障碍", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是肺炎球菌主要的致病物质?(  )", "options": {"A": "荚膜", "B": "内毒素", "C": "自溶酶", "D": "菌毛"}, "answer": "荚膜", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪一种细胞是永久性细胞?(  )", "options": {"A": "间皮细胞", "B": "神经细胞", "C": "呼吸及消化道黏膜上皮细胞", "D": "淋巴造血细胞"}, "answer": "神经细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "给某患者静脉注射20%葡萄糖50ml,患者尿量显著增加,尿糖定性阳性,下列哪项是该患者尿量增多的主要原因?(  )", "options": {"A": "血容量增大", "B": "肾小管对水的通透性降低", "C": "肾小管溶质浓度增加", "D": "肾小管对Na+吸收减少"}, "answer": "肾小管溶质浓度增加", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.对此类事故发生,医院管理部门认为有责任。你认为哪一点是最主要的?(  )", "options": {"A": "立即去耳鼻喉科抢救", "B": "立即去小儿科抢救", "C": "立即采取措施,排除异物", "D": "请小儿科医生会诊"}, "answer": "立即采取措施,排除异物", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,35岁,高热,皮肤瘙痒半月,右颈及锁骨上淋巴结肿大,无压痛,互相粘连,血红蛋白90g/L,白细胞10×109/L,中性粒细胞66%,淋巴细胞24%,骨髓涂片找到里-斯氏细胞。4.常见的化疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "MOPP", "B": "VDP", "C": "羟基脲", "D": "瘤可宁"}, "answer": "MOPP", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "参与Ⅱ型超敏反应的免疫球蛋白(Ig)是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgM/IgD", "B": "IgM/IgG", "C": "IgA/IgE", "D": "IgE/IgD"}, "answer": "IgM/IgG", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,突发寒战,体温39℃左右,腹泻十余次,伴里急后重,初为稀便,很快转化为脓血便。粪便常规:红细胞5个/HP,白细胞10个/HP,脓液(++)。2.该患者如需确诊,还应做何种检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "便细菌培养", "B": "尿常规", "C": "血常规", "D": "血细菌培养"}, "answer": "便细菌培养", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "病毒侵入机体后最早产生的有免疫调节作用的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "SIgA", "B": "IFN", "C": "中和抗体", "D": "补体结合抗体"}, "answer": "IFN", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "糖尿病患者出现糖尿的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血糖浓度增加", "B": "肾髓质中渗透压增高", "C": "部分近端小管对糖吸收达到极限", "D": "肾小球滤过膜面积增加"}, "answer": "部分近端小管对糖吸收达到极限", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者女性,38岁。甲状腺弥漫性肿大2年,有时心慌,心率达103次/分,休息后心律降至78次/分。B超:甲状腺呈弥漫性轻度肿大,未见肿大的淋巴结。131碘摄取试验2小时达24%,24小时达40%。应考虑的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯性甲状腺肿", "B": "亚急性甲状腺炎", "C": "甲状腺腺瘤", "D": "甲状腺癌"}, "answer": "单纯性甲状腺肿", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于HCO3-重吸收的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主要在远曲小管被重吸收", "B": "需碳酸酐酶参与", "C": "优先于Cl-的重吸收", "D": "与H+的分泌有关"}, "answer": "主要在远曲小管被重吸收", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.UMP(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制氨基甲酰磷酶合成酶Ⅱ", "B": "抑制转氨酶", "C": "促进PRPP合成酶", "D": "抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶"}, "answer": "抑制氨基甲酰磷酶合成酶Ⅱ", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "右小腿碾压伤后1周,肿胀明显,多处皮肤挫裂伤,有黏稠棕褐色分泌物,右足末稍血运好,皮温正常。X线检查:胫腓骨中下段粉碎性骨折,治疗原则为(  )。", "options": {"A": "切开复位,钢板内固定", "B": "右下肢石膏绷带固定", "C": "清创,外固定,积极换药", "D": "清创换药,无需任何固定"}, "answer": "清创,外固定,积极换药", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "成人右手面积占体表面积的(  )。", "options": {"A": "2.5%", "B": "3%", "C": "3.5%", "D": "5%"}, "answer": "2.5%", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.正常人安静时血液中白细胞计数是(  )。", "options": {"A": "(4~10)×109个/L", "B": "4000~10000个/cm3", "C": "(100~300)×109个/L", "D": "400万~500万个/ml"}, "answer": "(4~10)×109个/L", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,45岁。近3个月自觉轻度乏力。母亲HBsAg(+)。实验室检查:血ALT 420U/L,TBiL 64μmol/L,PTA 88%,HBsAg(+),HBeAg(+),抗HBc(+),HBV DNA 4.5×105Copies/ml。2.化验结果正常后的随访间隔时间最好是(  )。", "options": {"A": "15天", "B": "180天", "C": "60天", "D": "90天"}, "answer": "90天", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列各项哪一类不属突发公共卫生事件?(  )", "options": {"A": "重大传染病疫情", "B": "重大交通事故", "C": "重大食物中毒事故", "D": "群体不明原因疾病"}, "answer": "重大交通事故", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于子宫韧带的解剖,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "圆韧带起于子宫角,止于腹股沟", "B": "阔韧带附于肌纤维,与子宫体肌纤维相连", "C": "卵巢固有韧带使子宫倾向后方", "D": "主韧带横行于子宫颈两侧和骨盆侧壁之间"}, "answer": "主韧带横行于子宫颈两侧和骨盆侧壁之间", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "缺铁性贫血最常见的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性胃炎", "B": "慢性肝炎", "C": "慢性溶血", "D": "慢性失血"}, "answer": "慢性失血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于枕先露分娩机转的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎头进入骨盆入口时以枕颏径衔接", "B": "胎头降至骨盆底时开始俯屈", "C": "当胎头在中骨盆开始内旋转", "D": "分娩过程中胎头呈持续性下降"}, "answer": "胎头降至骨盆底时开始俯屈", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5岁小儿,发热1天,稍咳,家长给予服用复方新诺明,次日热不退,出现针尖大小红色皮疹,左脚甲沟处有红肿化脓,剧痛,即到医院就诊。1.你考虑下列哪项诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "药物疹", "B": "麻疹", "C": "风疹", "D": "外科猩红热"}, "answer": "外科猩红热", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "青年男性病人,腰痛、腰僵硬,逐渐出现驼背,X线片见骶髂关节模糊,间隙消失,可能诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性腰扭伤", "B": "腰肌劳损", "C": "腰椎结核", "D": "强直性脊柱炎"}, "answer": "强直性脊柱炎", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "良性高血压病时,影响血压升高的主要因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全身的细小动脉硬化", "B": "重要器官肌性动脉中膜及内膜增厚", "C": "颗粒性肾固缩", "D": "脑动脉纤维素样坏死"}, "answer": "全身的细小动脉硬化", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.某物质经滤过后,又全部被肾小管重吸收,其血浆清除率(  )。", "options": {"A": "等于零", "B": "等于肾小球滤过率", "C": "等于每分钟肾脏的血浆流量", "D": "小于125ml/min"}, "answer": "等于零", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,5岁,已确诊房间隔缺损,于胸骨左缘第2、3肋间可及Ⅲ级收缩期杂音,胸骨左缘下端短促舒张期杂音,肺动脉第二音亢进,提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "左向右分流量较小", "B": "左向右分流量较大", "C": "预兆将发生心力衰竭", "D": "合并主动脉瓣关闭不全"}, "answer": "左向右分流量较大", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "Th细胞表面具有鉴别意义的标志是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD2分子", "B": "CD4分子", "C": "CD5分子", "D": "CD8分子"}, "answer": "CD4分子", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "反映单位时间内充分发挥全部通气能力所达到的通气量称(  )。", "options": {"A": "最大通气量", "B": "肺活量", "C": "肺泡通气量", "D": "深吸气量"}, "answer": "最大通气量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,50岁,右阴囊可复性肿物14年,不能还纳1天,伴呕吐,排气排便停止。查体:心率108次/min,血压150/105mmHg,右阴囊肿大,压痛明显,腹膨隆,肠鸣音亢进。白细胞14×109/L,中性0.85。对该患者的最佳处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃肠减压,择期行修补术", "B": "急诊室留观", "C": "立即剖腹探查", "D": "急诊腹股沟疝探查,井做肠切除准备"}, "answer": "急诊腹股沟疝探查,井做肠切除准备", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.属常染色体隐性遗传的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "21-三体综合征", "B": "苯丙酮尿症", "C": "佝偻病", "D": "糖尿病"}, "answer": "苯丙酮尿症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,28岁,受凉后发热、咳嗽、咳痰一周,气促2天,意识模糊一小时,查体:T 39.8℃,血压80/50mmHg,口唇发绀,双肺可闻及较多湿啰音,心率109次/分,未闻及杂音,四肢冷,血常规WBC 21×109/L。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性左心衰", "B": "重症肺炎", "C": "干酪性肺炎", "D": "肺栓塞"}, "answer": "重症肺炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "乙型溶血性链球菌的致病物质不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠毒素", "B": "M蛋白", "C": "溶血素", "D": "透明质酸酶"}, "answer": "肠毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,40岁。干农活时刺伤右足10天,伤后未就医,张口困难2天,颈项紧,频繁抽搐。呼吸道分泌物较多,有窒息的危险,为保持呼吸道通畅,最有效的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "气管切开", "B": "协助拍背咳痰", "C": "环甲膜穿刺术", "D": "吸痰"}, "answer": "气管切开", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于青少年情绪、情感的特点,以下说法不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "情绪敏感", "B": "情绪心境化", "C": "情感丰富", "D": "情绪稳定"}, "answer": "情绪稳定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.变异最多(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌生长繁殖周期的迟缓期", "B": "繁殖周期的对数期", "C": "繁殖周期的衰亡期", "D": "繁殖周期的生长曲线全过程"}, "answer": "繁殖周期的衰亡期", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者男性,55岁,双下肢行走不稳1年,双手发笨、不能持筷、排尿费力半年。查体:四肢锥体束征阳性,双侧T4以下针刺觉减退。颈椎平片见颈椎管狭窄,MRI见C4~7脊髓腹背侧受压。1.诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑血栓", "B": "脊髓型颈椎病", "C": "神经根型颈椎病", "D": "椎动脉型颈椎病"}, "answer": "脊髓型颈椎病", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "碘解磷定解救有机磷酸酯类中毒的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阻断M胆碱受体", "B": "阻断N胆碱受体", "C": "直接对抗乙酰胆碱", "D": "使失去活性的胆碱酯酶复活"}, "answer": "使失去活性的胆碱酯酶复活", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "血尿患者,膀胱镜检见膀胱三角区有4cm×5cm大小肿瘤,无蒂,表面有坏死,活检为T3期,最佳的治疗方案应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "化疗+放疗", "B": "结肠代膀胱术", "C": "膀胱全切除", "D": "髂内动脉栓塞"}, "answer": "膀胱全切除", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一位女医生声调柔和,目光亲切,讲话面带微笑,她在下列哪方面做得好?(  )", "options": {"A": "言语沟通", "B": "非言语沟通", "C": "言语沟通和非言语沟通", "D": "目光沟通"}, "answer": "非言语沟通", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,35岁,发现右乳外上象限无痛性肿块1个月,体检:双乳皮肤无发红、水肿、凹陷,肿块约3cm×3cm,质地较硬,与周围组织无明显界限,可移动,腋窝淋巴结无肿大。2.此时最恰当的处理为(  )。", "options": {"A": "钼靶X线检查", "B": "肿块切除并送冰冻活检", "C": "细针穿刺活检", "D": "粗针穿刺活检"}, "answer": "肿块切除并送冰冻活检", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪一种激素不是由腺垂体合成的?(  )", "options": {"A": "催乳素", "B": "催产素", "C": "黄体生成素", "D": "卵泡刺激素"}, "answer": "催产素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胰腺癌与胆总管结石的主要鉴别点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "进行性黄疸", "B": "肝功能改变", "C": "淀粉酶改变", "D": "胆囊肿大"}, "answer": "进行性黄疸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于重组DNA技术的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "质粒,噬菌体均可作为载体", "B": "限制性内切酶是主要工具酶之一", "C": "重组DNA由载体DNA和目标DNA组成", "D": "进入细胞内的重组DNA均可表达目标蛋白"}, "answer": "进入细胞内的重组DNA均可表达目标蛋白", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "正常止血过程参与的主要因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血小板质和量,血管壁的完整", "B": "皮肤的完整和凝血因子正常", "C": "血小板质和量,血管壁及凝血因子正常", "D": "凝血因子、血小板质和量及骨髓的正常"}, "answer": "血小板质和量,血管壁及凝血因子正常", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿收缩期血压推算采用的公式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "(年龄×2)+60mmHg", "B": "(年龄×2)+70mmHg", "C": "(年龄×2)+80mmHg", "D": "(年龄×2)+100mmHg"}, "answer": "(年龄×2)+80mmHg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有关手术后腹胀的处理措施,下列错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "留置肛管排气", "B": "必要时肌注阿托品0.5mg/6h", "C": "高渗液低压灌肠", "D": "留置胃管持续减压"}, "answer": "必要时肌注阿托品0.5mg/6h", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.类白血病反应(  )。", "options": {"A": "NAP强阳性", "B": "t(9:22)(q34:q11)", "C": "PAS阳性", "D": "非特异性酯酶阳性,能被NaF抑制"}, "answer": "NAP强阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,30岁。低热、腹胀、腹痛1个月。查体:腹部弥漫压痛,揉面感,移动性浊音阳性。对诊断最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清结核抗体", "B": "红细胞沉降率", "C": "腹腔穿刺抽液检验", "D": "血常规"}, "answer": "腹腔穿刺抽液检验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.含有2个胚层以上的肿瘤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "髓母细胞瘤", "B": "软骨母细胞瘤", "C": "良性畸胎瘤", "D": "动脉瘤"}, "answer": "良性畸胎瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,2岁,近20天低热、咳嗽、盗汗、乏力。双肺呼吸音粗,胸部X线见左肺哑铃“双极影”。下述哪一项不是判断活动性肺结核的主要指征?(  )", "options": {"A": "未接种卡介苗“OT”试验≥20mm", "B": "血沉增快,无其他原因解释", "C": "痰液中找到革兰阴性杆菌", "D": "纤维支气管镜检查有明显支气管结核病变"}, "answer": "痰液中找到革兰阴性杆菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列描述中哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "每日尿量<100ml为无尿", "B": "每日尿蛋白量持续>150mg为蛋白尿", "C": "12小时尿红细胞计数>5×105为镜下血尿", "D": "12小时尿沉渣计数管型>104为管型尿"}, "answer": "12小时尿沉渣计数管型>104为管型尿", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.属于良心的作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一些医院片面追求最大利益,一些医务人员把医疗权力、技术当作牟取个人不正当利益的手段", "B": "医疗服务不但要立足于现实,而且要立足于发展", "C": "不将危重疾病的真实情况告诉患者", "D": "在医疗服务中用尊称、敬称"}, "answer": "一些医院片面追求最大利益,一些医务人员把医疗权力、技术当作牟取个人不正当利益的手段", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "乳牙最晚于何时出齐?(  )", "options": {"A": "1岁", "B": "1.5岁", "C": "2.5岁", "D": "3岁"}, "answer": "2.5岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "轻触患者咽后壁,出现呕吐反应,此反射定位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "舌咽迷走神经", "B": "副神经", "C": "面神经", "D": "舌下神经"}, "answer": "舌咽迷走神经", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "初产妇,妊娠38周。骨盆各径线为:对角径13cm,坐骨棘间径9.5cm,坐骨结节间径7cm,耻骨弓角度80°。2.产前检查估计胎儿体重3800g,其分娩方式应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "等待自然分娩", "B": "试产", "C": "剖宫产", "D": "产钳助产"}, "answer": "剖宫产", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.否认自己有病,不及时就医是病人角色的(  )。", "options": {"A": "角色行为缺如", "B": "角色行为冲突", "C": "角色行为减退", "D": "角色行为异常"}, "answer": "角色行为缺如", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于补体的叙述哪一项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "具有酶活性", "B": "存在于正常人和动物新鲜血清中的一组不耐热糖蛋白", "C": "其性质不稳定", "D": "受抗原刺激后产生"}, "answer": "受抗原刺激后产生", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.(  )是正常红细胞性贫血。", "options": {"A": "再生障碍性贫血", "B": "海洋性贫血", "C": "缺铁性贫血", "D": "慢性疾病贫血"}, "answer": "再生障碍性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,55岁。诊断乙肝肝硬化4年,黑便2天,不认家人、吵闹2小时。下列治疗中不恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉应用奥美拉唑", "B": "口服地西泮", "C": "静脉应用生长激素", "D": "口服乳糖果"}, "answer": "口服地西泮", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以下哪项符合成人低血糖?(  )", "options": {"A": "血糖低于3.36mmol/L(60mg/dl)(真糖法)", "B": "血糖低于2.8mmol/L(50mg/dl)(真糖法)", "C": "血糖低于3.08mmol/L(55mg/dl)(真糖法)", "D": "血糖低于或等于2.24mmol/L(40mg/dl)(真糖法)"}, "answer": "血糖低于2.8mmol/L(50mg/dl)(真糖法)", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男孩5岁,水肿1个月,体检有高度水肿,血压120/75mmHg,尿蛋白(+++),24h尿蛋白定量2500mg,BUN 5.4mmol/L。2.治疗应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服泼尼松", "B": "甲基泼尼松龙冲击", "C": "环磷酰胺冲击", "D": "MTX冲击"}, "answer": "口服泼尼松", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是结核菌素试验检测的内容?(  )", "options": {"A": "T细胞功能", "B": "B细胞功能", "C": "吞噬细胞功能", "D": "肥大细胞功能"}, "answer": "T细胞功能", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是主要通过保护动脉内皮而发挥抗动脉粥样硬化的药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "考来烯胺", "B": "硫酸软骨素A", "C": "洛伐他汀", "D": "吉非贝齐"}, "answer": "硫酸软骨素A", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列预防术后尿潴留的措施不妥的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "术后如情况允许可坐起或站立小便", "B": "术前可练习卧床排便", "C": "术前或术后常规留置导尿管", "D": "及时适当应用镇静,止痛剂"}, "answer": "术前或术后常规留置导尿管", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,6岁,持续发热2周,伴双下肢关节酸痛、乏力来院。2周前患扁桃体炎,曾用青霉素治疗3天。T 38.0℃,P 92次/min,面色苍白,心尖区1/6级收缩期杂音,左踝关节稍红肿,轻压痛,活动障碍,胸腹部散在红色斑丘疹,压之褪色,1cm×2cm大小,中央色淡,高热时明显。2.若该患儿化验结果示:RBC 3.0×1012/L,WBC12×109/L,N 0.8,ESR 60mm/h,ASO 625U,CRP(+),黏蛋白120mg/L,心电图正常。其诊断考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "风湿热", "B": "类风湿病", "C": "链球菌感染后状态", "D": "化脓性关节炎"}, "answer": "风湿热", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "立克次体与病毒的不同特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有两种核酸", "B": "人工培养基中不能生长", "C": "仅引起局限于某一脏器的感染", "D": "致细胞裂解"}, "answer": "有两种核酸", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "糖尿出现时,全血血糖浓度至少为多少?(  )", "options": {"A": "8.89mmol/L(160mg/dl)", "B": "11.11mmol/L(200mg/dl)", "C": "27.78mmol/L(5000mg/dl)", "D": "66.67mmol/L(1200mg/dl)"}, "answer": "8.89mmol/L(160mg/dl)", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "哪项不是阿司匹林的不良反应?(  )", "options": {"A": "胃黏膜糜烂及出血", "B": "溶血性贫血", "C": "诱发哮喘", "D": "血管神经性水肿"}, "answer": "溶血性贫血", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "病理类型可属于T细胞淋巴瘤的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "间变性大细胞淋巴瘤", "B": "滤泡性淋巴瘤", "C": "黏膜相关性淋巴样组织淋巴瘤", "D": "套细胞淋巴瘤"}, "answer": "间变性大细胞淋巴瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿几岁时能念儿歌?(  )", "options": {"A": "3个月", "B": "6个月", "C": "1岁", "D": "3岁"}, "answer": "3岁", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "8岁男孩,水肿,尿色红2d入院,查体:颜面眼睑水肿,心肺听诊无异常,尿常规有红细胞(+++),蛋白(+),患儿半个月前患过扁桃体炎。1.为明确诊断,最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ASO与ESR", "B": "ASO与血浆蛋白电泳", "C": "ESR与补体C3", "D": "血BUN与Cr"}, "answer": "ASO与血浆蛋白电泳", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "大多数病原菌最适宜的pH为(  )。", "options": {"A": "7.2~7.6", "B": "10.5", "C": "8.4~9.2", "D": "6.5~6.8"}, "answer": "7.2~7.6", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "确诊伤寒阳性率最高的检测是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血培养", "B": "尿培养", "C": "骨髓培养", "D": "胆汁培养"}, "answer": "骨髓培养", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "病人18岁以后由于各种原因所致的智能减退,称(  )。", "options": {"A": "痴呆", "B": "虚构", "C": "精神发育迟滞", "D": "遗忘"}, "answer": "痴呆", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.可兴奋细胞受刺激后,首先可出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "阈电位", "B": "静息电位", "C": "局部电位", "D": "突触后电位"}, "answer": "局部电位", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,65岁。突发剧烈头痛后昏迷1小时。查体:深昏迷,颈强直,四肢无自主活动,肌张力高,腱反射活跃,头部CT示脑沟与脑池高密度影。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "短暂性脑缺血发作", "B": "脑栓塞", "C": "脑血栓形成", "D": "蛛网膜下隙出血"}, "answer": "蛛网膜下隙出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有三种不同来源的DNA(A、B和C),它们的Tm值依次为83%、71℃和85℃,由此推出它们的分子组成是(  )。", "options": {"A": "GC%A>C>B", "B": "AT%C>B>A", "C": "GC%C>A>B", "D": "GC%A>B>C"}, "answer": "GC%C>A>B", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "苯丙酮尿症的遗传形式为(  )。", "options": {"A": "常染色体显性遗传", "B": "常染色体隐性遗传", "C": "X连锁隐性遗传", "D": "X连锁不完全显性遗传"}, "answer": "常染色体隐性遗传", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.免疫应答发生的基地是(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋巴结", "B": "胸腺", "C": "外周免疫器官", "D": "脾"}, "answer": "外周免疫器官", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性心包炎心包积液时最突出的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心前区疼痛", "B": "呼吸困难", "C": "声音嘶哑", "D": "咳嗽"}, "answer": "呼吸困难", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "临床评定量表的用途主要是,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "病理现象的筛选", "B": "人格测定", "C": "症状程度的描述", "D": "协助诊断"}, "answer": "人格测定", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是诱导B细胞产生特异性IgE抗体的细胞因子?(  )", "options": {"A": "IL-2", "B": "IL-3", "C": "IL-4", "D": "IL-5"}, "answer": "IL-4", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.帕金森病病损在(  )。", "options": {"A": "中央前回", "B": "黑质-纹状体", "C": "颞叶", "D": "小脑"}, "answer": "黑质-纹状体", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,45岁,双手近端指间关节,双腕和双踝关节肿痛5个月。查体:双手近端指间关节梭形肿胀、压痛(+),实验室检查:ESR 45mm/h,RF阳性,抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体阳性。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨关节炎", "B": "类风湿关节炎", "C": "脊柱关节炎", "D": "系统性红斑狼疮"}, "answer": "类风湿关节炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于已经有戒烟意愿的吸烟者应该立即采取措施的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宣传戒烟的好处", "B": "提供戒烟的药物", "C": "帮助确定戒烟日期", "D": "安排随访"}, "answer": "帮助确定戒烟日期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.保护性抗体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HBsAg", "B": "抗HBs", "C": "HBeAg", "D": "抗HBe"}, "answer": "抗HBs", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "颅后窝骨折最典型的表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "听力丧失", "B": "周围性面瘫", "C": "脑脊液耳漏", "D": "乳突部皮下淤血斑"}, "answer": "乳突部皮下淤血斑", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述有关DNA二级结构的叙述哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "碱基A与T配对,C与G配对", "B": "双螺旋以左手方式盘绕为主", "C": "双螺旋的直径大约为nm", "D": "双螺旋每周含有10对碱基"}, "answer": "双螺旋以左手方式盘绕为主", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "将下述分子按信号传递通路中的先后顺序进行排列,居第三位的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "磷酸化酶", "B": "蛋白激酶A", "C": "G蛋白", "D": "腺苷酸环化酶"}, "answer": "腺苷酸环化酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "身高、体重增长的规律是(  )。", "options": {"A": "年龄越小增长的越快", "B": "1周岁以后增长的最快", "C": "青春期增长得最快", "D": "整个小儿时期都在匀速增长"}, "answer": "年龄越小增长的越快", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于类风湿因子(RF)与类风湿关节炎(RA)的陈述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "RF阳性的病人一定都是RA,而且RA病人RF一定都阳性", "B": "RF阳性的病人不一定都是RA,但是RA病人RF一定都阳性", "C": "RF阳性的病人不一定都是RA,而且RA病人RF不一定都阳性", "D": "在RA病人中,RF一旦出现就不再发生变化"}, "answer": "RF阳性的病人不一定都是RA,而且RA病人RF不一定都阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,56岁,急刹车受伤致髋关节剧痛3小时,查体:右髋关节活动受限,屈曲内收,内旋畸形,右髋关节屈伸活动障碍,最可能的损伤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "髋关节脱位", "B": "髋关节骨折", "C": "髋关节脱位合并闭孔神经损伤", "D": "髋关节脱位合并坐骨神经损伤"}, "answer": "髋关节脱位合并坐骨神经损伤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,24岁。停经58天,2周前行人工流产吸宫术,术后持续阴道流血。2.为明确诊断,首先选用的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HCG测定", "B": "血常规检查", "C": "B型超声检查", "D": "子宫镜检查"}, "answer": "B型超声检查", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有关肩关节周围炎的说法,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多见于青少年", "B": "晚间疼痛减轻", "C": "可见典型疼痛弧", "D": "具有自限性,多于1年内自愈"}, "answer": "具有自限性,多于1年内自愈", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.可引起慢发病毒感染的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "水痘—带状疱疹病毒", "B": "流行性感冒病毒", "C": "脊髓灰质炎病毒", "D": "麻疹病毒"}, "answer": "麻疹病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "26岁风湿性心脏病患者,现妊娠45天出现心力衰竭,其处理原则应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即行负压吸宫术终止妊娠", "B": "边控制心力衰竭边终止妊娠", "C": "控制心力衰竭后行负压吸宫术", "D": "控制心力衰竭后行钳刮术"}, "answer": "控制心力衰竭后行负压吸宫术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "老年男性患者,尸检见肺组织散在多个小实变区。小支气管上皮坏死脱落,管腔内有炎性渗出物,以中性粒细胞为主,小支气管周围肺泡腔内也见上述渗出物。病理诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "小叶性肺炎", "B": "大叶性肺炎", "C": "病毒性肺炎", "D": "支原体肺炎"}, "answer": "小叶性肺炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "22岁男性,大学二年级学生。近一年来听课注意力不集中,发呆发愣,时有自语自笑,动作迟缓,吃一顿饭要一个多小时。5天前开始终日卧床,不吃饭,不知上厕所。精神检查:意识清晰,卧床不动不语,针刺其身体无反应,肌张力增高。令病人张嘴,反把嘴闭的更紧,把病人肢体摆成不舒服的姿势,可以保持很久不变,躯体及神经系统检查未见其他异常体征。2.该患者的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑郁症", "B": "分裂样人格障碍", "C": "癔症", "D": "精神分裂症"}, "answer": "精神分裂症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列真菌中,最易侵犯脑组织的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红色毛癣菌", "B": "酵母菌", "C": "新型隐球菌", "D": "青霉菌"}, "answer": "新型隐球菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对β-内酰类抗生素抗菌作用机制的叙述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "触发细菌的自溶酶活性", "B": "抑制菌细胞壁黏肽合成酶", "C": "抑制细菌的自溶酶活性", "D": "菌体膨胀变形"}, "answer": "抑制细菌的自溶酶活性", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,18岁。发作性胸闷3年,再发2天。发作多以凌晨为著,无咯血和发热,发作时不经药物治疗可直接缓解。查体:双肺呼吸音清晰。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "过敏性肺炎", "B": "左心衰竭", "C": "支气管哮喘", "D": "胃食管反流病"}, "answer": "支气管哮喘", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是原位溶血时红细胞破坏的最主要部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "脾脏", "B": "肝脏", "C": "骨髓", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "骨髓", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,55岁,患类风湿关节炎多年,长期服阿司匹林,血红蛋白90g/L,平均红细胞体积59μm3,平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度28%,网织红细胞计数4%,血清铁450μg/L,总铁结合力4800μg/L。1.诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血", "B": "慢性炎症性贫血", "C": "缺铁性贫血", "D": "铁粒幼细胞性贫血"}, "answer": "缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于结核性脑膜炎的病理改变,以下描述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛛网膜下腔大量炎性渗出物积聚", "B": "浆液纤维蛋白渗出物波及脑神经鞘", "C": "脑部血管在早期为急性动脉炎", "D": "炎症主要在脑膜,不会蔓延至脑实质"}, "answer": "炎症主要在脑膜,不会蔓延至脑实质", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "以下哪项是血液中NPN的主要成分?(  )", "options": {"A": "尿素", "B": "肌酸", "C": "尿酸", "D": "胺"}, "answer": "尿素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪种依赖药物在停药12~24h内即出现戒断症状,2~3天达高峰?(  )", "options": {"A": "巴比妥类", "B": "苯丙胺类", "C": "海洛因", "D": "大麻"}, "answer": "巴比妥类", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项不是股疝的常见特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "疝块较小", "B": "疝块呈半球形", "C": "咳嗽时冲击感明显", "D": "易嵌顿、易绞窄"}, "answer": "咳嗽时冲击感明显", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某人诊断为肺气肿,其肺部会出现下述哪种情况?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺弹性阻力减小", "B": "功能余气量减少", "C": "余气量减少", "D": "肺顺应性减小"}, "answer": "肺弹性阻力减小", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,49岁。右腹股沟斜疝行手术治疗,术中发现疝囊壁的一部分由盲肠组成,此时的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "Littre疝", "B": "滑动疝", "C": "易复性疝", "D": "嵌顿疝"}, "answer": "滑动疝", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在体内合成胆固醇的直接原料是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙酮酸", "B": "草酸", "C": "乙酰CoA", "D": "α-酮戊二酸"}, "answer": "乙酰CoA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "能明显缓解甲亢患者交感神经兴奋症状,并能抑制T4变为T3,但不引起粒细胞缺乏的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "普萘洛尔", "B": "甲巯咪唑", "C": "甲硫氧嘧啶", "D": "卡比马唑"}, "answer": "普萘洛尔", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "股骨干下l/3骨折后.引起远折端向后倾斜移位的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "半膜肌的牵拉", "B": "缝匠肌的牵拉", "C": "腓肠肌的牵拉", "D": "股二头肌的牵拉"}, "answer": "腓肠肌的牵拉", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.甲状腺的功能(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺素释放激素(TRH)", "B": "合成、储存和分泌甲状腺素", "C": "促甲状腺素(TSH)", "D": "调节体内钙的代谢并维持钙和磷的平衡"}, "answer": "合成、储存和分泌甲状腺素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.轮状病毒肠炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "先吐后泻,大便次数多、量多、水多", "B": "大便呈糊状", "C": "大便呈暗绿色", "D": "大便颜色性状多变,新生儿多为败血症型"}, "answer": "先吐后泻,大便次数多、量多、水多", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,22岁。水肿、进行性少尿1周。查体:BP 155/100mmHg,双下肢水肿。尿RBC 20~40/HP,蛋白(++),Scr 679μmol/L,抗GBM抗体阳性。肾活检病理示新月体性肾小球肾炎。其最重要的发病机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "循环免疫复合物沉积引起的体液免疫反应", "B": "原位免疫复合物形成引起的体液免疫反应", "C": "高血压、蛋白质、高血脂等非免疫因素", "D": "遗传因素"}, "answer": "原位免疫复合物形成引起的体液免疫反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.退疹后有色素沉着(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹", "B": "风疹", "C": "幼儿急疹", "D": "肠道病毒感染"}, "answer": "麻疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "使用环磷酰胺治疗系统性红斑狼疮的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "关节炎", "B": "肾炎", "C": "浆膜炎", "D": "蝶形红斑"}, "answer": "肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,28岁。妊娠42周,OCT试验阳性,羊水深度3.0cm,胎头双顶径10cm。此时最恰当的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "剖宫产终止妊娠", "B": "宫颈评分", "C": "人工破膜引产", "D": "缩宫素引产"}, "answer": "剖宫产终止妊娠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.疖和痈属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "蜂窝织炎", "B": "脓肿", "C": "纤维素性炎", "D": "积脓"}, "answer": "脓肿", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一青年近3日咳嗽,高热39℃,咳铁锈色痰,WBC18.5×109/L,X线胸片发现右肺中叶有大片阴影,临床诊断为大叶性肺炎。请问致病菌是哪一种?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺炎球菌", "B": "嗜肺军团菌", "C": "肺炎支原体", "D": "肺炎衣原体"}, "answer": "肺炎球菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "5个月小儿,发热2天,体温38.2℃,口周发绀,咳嗽,喘憋,前囟平软,心率128次/分,满肺喘鸣音,背部有固定的湿啰音;胸部X线呈现小片阴影及肺气肿改变。2.该患儿肺炎为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肺炎", "B": "慢性肺炎", "C": "大叶性肺炎", "D": "重症肺炎"}, "answer": "急性肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "发生过心肌梗死的患者,要施行择期手术的适宜时间至少为病情稳定后(  )。", "options": {"A": "1个月", "B": "3个月", "C": "5个月", "D": "6个月或以上"}, "answer": "6个月或以上", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "足月儿母乳喂养,生后6天巩膜、皮肤黄染,胃纳良好,血清胆红素205μmol/L(12mg/dl),应先采用何种疗法?(  )", "options": {"A": "光照疗法", "B": "输血浆", "C": "苯巴比妥", "D": "暂停止母乳24~72小时后复查血清胆红素"}, "answer": "暂停止母乳24~72小时后复查血清胆红素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,28岁。急性化脓性阑尾炎接受阑尾切除术后5小时,再次出现腹痛,伴烦躁、焦虑。查体:T 37.8℃,P 130次/分,BP 80/60mmHg,面色苍白,皮肤湿冷,双肺呼吸音清,未闻及啰音,腹胀,全腹轻度压痛,轻度肌紧张,未闻及肠鸣音。该病人首先要注意排除的危急情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "术后出血", "B": "粘连性肠梗阻", "C": "盆腔脓肿", "D": "切口裂开"}, "answer": "术后出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,22岁。患抑郁症,1年内出现3次情绪低落,每次2~4周。该病人抑郁情绪在一天内变动的规律是(  )。", "options": {"A": "晨重夜轻", "B": "半夜最重", "C": "由中午逐渐加重", "D": "中午最重,以后减轻"}, "answer": "晨重夜轻", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "属于黏膜免疫系统的免疫器官是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脾脏", "B": "扁桃体", "C": "骨髓", "D": "肝脏"}, "answer": "扁桃体", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于脊柱结核的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨与关节结核中发病率最低", "B": "一般无脊柱畸形", "C": "寒性脓肿是少数患者就医的最早体征", "D": "一般没有低热、盗汗等全身症状"}, "answer": "寒性脓肿是少数患者就医的最早体征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "新生儿败血症的早期临床特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体重不增", "B": "不哭,懒动", "C": "食欲减退", "D": "缺乏特异性症状"}, "answer": "缺乏特异性症状", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "感染(又称传染)的概念是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "病原体侵入人体的过程", "B": "病原体侵入人体的结果", "C": "病原体和人体之间相互作用的过程", "D": "病原体寄生人体后引起的机体免疫系统的应答"}, "answer": "病原体和人体之间相互作用的过程", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者男性,29岁,左下胸受压,伴腹痛、恶心、呕吐入院。检查:面色苍白,四肢湿冷,脉搏120次/分,血压80/60mmHg,腹腔穿刺抽出不凝血液。处理原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直接送手术室手术", "B": "大量快速输液,纠正休克", "C": "积极抗休克,同时迅速手术", "D": "抗感染、止血"}, "answer": "积极抗休克,同时迅速手术", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "日本血吸虫病早期的病理变化主要由(  )引起。", "options": {"A": "虫卵", "B": "毛蚴", "C": "母胞蚴", "D": "子胞蚴"}, "answer": "虫卵", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一个5岁小儿体重30kg,身高108cm,上臂围25cm,会骑三轮童车,会讲简单的故事,能穿、脱简单的衣裤,推测该小儿的发育情况(  )。", "options": {"A": "营养不良儿童", "B": "发育正常儿童", "C": "智能落后儿童", "D": "肥胖儿童"}, "answer": "肥胖儿童", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.脓毒败血症(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌毒素入血,临床出现全身中毒症状", "B": "细菌入血,并产生大量毒素,有全身中毒症状和病理变化", "C": "败血症症状及全身一些脏器出现多发性小脓肿", "D": "感染后出现血压下降、面色苍白、尿少等休克症状"}, "answer": "败血症症状及全身一些脏器出现多发性小脓肿", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "外周血涂片中,不会出现原始和幼稚细胞的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血", "B": "急性粒细胞白血病", "C": "再生障碍性贫血", "D": "骨髓增生异常综合征"}, "answer": "再生障碍性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "从设计规定的研究对象中随机抽出一部分进行调查,称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "普查", "B": "队列研究", "C": "病例对照研究", "D": "抽样调查"}, "answer": "抽样调查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.某种物质经滤过后既不被重吸收,又不被分泌,其血浆清除率(  )。", "options": {"A": "等于零", "B": "等于肾小球滤过率", "C": "大于125ml/min", "D": "小于125ml/min"}, "answer": "等于肾小球滤过率", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "受理执业医师注册申请的卫生行政部门,对于应当准予注册的,应当在收到申请之日起多少日内准予注册(  )。", "options": {"A": "7日内", "B": "10日内", "C": "15日内", "D": "30日内"}, "answer": "30日内", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.苯丙酮尿症(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿有鼠尿臭味", "B": "嗜睡、腹胀、便秘", "C": "四肢细长", "D": "高腭弓、通贯手"}, "answer": "尿有鼠尿臭味", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肱骨外上髁炎诊断依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Mills征阳性", "B": "Dugas征阳性", "C": "Lasegue试验阳性", "D": "Finkelstein试验阳性"}, "answer": "Mills征阳性", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,45岁。双手和膝关节肿痛伴晨僵1年。体检:肘部可及皮下结节,质硬,无触痛。1.诊断首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "系统性硬化症", "B": "痛风", "C": "类风湿关节炎", "D": "风湿性关节炎"}, "answer": "类风湿关节炎", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "全身粟粒性结核病经常是肺结核经下列哪种途径播散的结果?(  )", "options": {"A": "淋巴道", "B": "血道", "C": "支气管", "D": "沿组织间隙蔓延"}, "answer": "血道", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,57岁。既往有胆囊结石行胆囊切除术史。近2年患者感体力有所下降,过多家务活动后感“胸口不舒服”。检查:肥胖体型,胸透显示双肺纹理稍多,心脏无改变。心电图显示心肌缺血,血脂、胆固醇均正常。血压150/85mmHg。对于该患者应注意下列哪种疾病的可能(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压病", "B": "尿毒症", "C": "糖尿病", "D": "冠心病"}, "answer": "冠心病", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,23岁,某大宾馆客房服务员,因发热、咳嗽、气短而入院。已用青霉素、红霉素、卡那霉素、环丙沙星等治疗20天。患者症状更重,出现缺氧发绀。查:T38.9℃,肺部偶闻湿性啰音,胸片显示间质性肺炎表现,血WBC 4.2×109/L,曾多次进行血、痰培养均无致病菌生长。患者入院时颈、腋、腹股沟即有直径1cm左右的淋巴结,光滑无压痛,住院后略有增大。3.治疗用药选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "万古霉素", "B": "泰能", "C": "复方磺胺甲基异唑", "D": "头孢曲松"}, "answer": "复方磺胺甲基异唑", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "病理解剖一女尸,发现一侧肾体积较小,表面不光滑,有数个大小不一、不规则瘢痕,切面瘢痕处质地较硬,肾盂黏膜增厚等改变,该肾的病理诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性肾炎", "B": "动脉粥样硬化梗死瘢痕", "C": "慢性肾盂肾炎", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "慢性肾盂肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "免疫球蛋白基因超家族受体不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "EPO受体", "B": "IL-6受体", "C": "IL-12受体", "D": "M—CSF受体"}, "answer": "EPO受体", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于体温正常变动的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "成年女子的体温平均比男子的高约0.3℃", "B": "老年人体温偏低", "C": "剧烈活动和情绪激动时体温升高", "D": "成年女子排卵日体温最高"}, "answer": "成年女子排卵日体温最高", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "激活NK细胞、增强杀伤功能的细胞因子(  )。", "options": {"A": "IL-4、IL-7", "B": "IL-2、IFN-γ", "C": "IL-6、GM—CSF", "D": "IL-1、IL-4"}, "answer": "IL-2、IFN-γ", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "G1P0,孕40周,枕左前位,临产16小时入院。胎心好,宫口开全,先露S-1骨盆外测量:髂棘间径23cm,髂嵴同径26cm,骶耻外径18.5cm,坐骨结节间径7cm,出口后矢状径6cm,胎儿估计3000g。恰当的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "自然分娩", "B": "吸胎术", "C": "静脉滴注缩宫素加强宫缩", "D": "剖宫产术"}, "answer": "剖宫产术", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,45岁。因焦虑症接受心理治疗,在治疗过程中患者多次约治疗师看电影,并多次打电话叮嘱治疗师“可能下雨要带雨伞”或者“气温下降要添加衣服”等。患者的这种表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "移情", "B": "认同", "C": "阻抗", "D": "投射"}, "answer": "移情", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "6岁女孩,浮肿4天伴少尿、茶色尿入院。双眼睑下肢明显水肿,烦躁,呼吸急促,心率120次/分,两肺底可闻及中小湿性啰音,腹平,肝脏肋下2cm,血压118/80mmHg,尿常规:蛋白(+)红细胞20~25个/高倍视野。2.应该立即采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用甘露醇快速静脉点滴", "B": "应用高效的止血药物", "C": "应用强力利尿剂", "D": "应用快速降压药物"}, "answer": "应用强力利尿剂", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列吞噬后果通常为完全吞噬的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核杆菌", "B": "伤寒沙门菌", "C": "布鲁菌", "D": "化脓性球菌"}, "answer": "化脓性球菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "晚期胃癌,最常发生转移的远处淋巴结为(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈部", "B": "腹股沟", "C": "左锁骨上", "D": "胃窦部小弯处"}, "answer": "左锁骨上", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列不属于血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂(ACEI)特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "引起反射性心率加快", "B": "可用于各型高血压", "C": "对肾脏有保护作用", "D": "减少循环组织中的血管紧张素Ⅱ"}, "answer": "引起反射性心率加快", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "水痘最常见的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心肌炎", "B": "脑炎", "C": "血小板减少", "D": "皮肤感染"}, "answer": "皮肤感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者男性,50岁,颈增粗20年,近一年消瘦10kg,伴心悸。体检发现双侧甲状腺多个结节。基础代谢率+31%,2h内甲状腺摄碘29%。3.患者行甲状腺手术,术后1天出现手足抽搐的处理方法是立即(  )。", "options": {"A": "测定血清钙浓度", "B": "口服钙剂", "C": "静脉注射10%葡萄糖酸钙10~20ml", "D": "行甲状旁腺移植术"}, "answer": "静脉注射10%葡萄糖酸钙10~20ml", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.骨折近折段外展、外旋、屈曲移位(  )。", "options": {"A": "股骨颈骨折", "B": "股骨粗隆间骨折", "C": "股骨上1/3骨折", "D": "股骨髁上骨折"}, "answer": "股骨上1/3骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,71岁,突发胸闷、气短,呼吸困难2小时,查体:平卧位,双肺可闻及湿啰音,应首先完成的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B型钠尿肽", "B": "动脉血气分析", "C": "超声心动图", "D": "胸部X线片"}, "answer": "超声心动图", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,53岁,10年前出现情绪低落与情感高涨交替出现,情绪低落时表现为早醒、闷闷不乐、不思饮食,对事物失去兴趣,足不出户,轻生念头明显,持续2~3个月后,突然转为话多、兴奋、整日忙忙碌碌、四处购物、爱交际、自感精力充沛,才智过人,持续1月后,再次转为情绪低落,如此反复。体检及神经系统无异常。2.如果病人处于抑郁发作期,其适宜的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "舒必利", "B": "地西泮", "C": "阿米替林", "D": "阿米替林及适量碳酸锂"}, "answer": "阿米替林及适量碳酸锂", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "引起产后出血最常见的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫收缩乏力", "B": "软产道损伤", "C": "胎盘滞留", "D": "凝血功能障碍"}, "answer": "子宫收缩乏力", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于肾炎性肾病综合征的临床特点,以下不符合的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿红细胞多次检查超过10个/Hp", "B": "持续性氮质血症", "C": "血清补体C3反复降低", "D": "糖皮质激素治疗敏感"}, "answer": "糖皮质激素治疗敏感", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.碘解磷定的作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直接作用于受体", "B": "影响递质的代谢转化", "C": "影响递质的释放", "D": "影响递质的贮存"}, "answer": "影响递质的代谢转化", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者有偏瘫、偏身感觉障碍和偏盲,最可能是哪条血管闭塞引起的?(  )", "options": {"A": "内听动脉", "B": "大脑中动脉", "C": "大脑前动脉", "D": "大脑后动脉"}, "answer": "大脑中动脉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,65岁,既往有高血压病史约5年,血压控制不稳定,饮酒史30年,3~4两/日。某日中午饮2两白酒后,突然出现口齿不清,瘫软在地,送往医院途中,情绪烦躁,神情恐惧,要拔除输液管,不能辨认亲人。1.根据病情,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癔症", "B": "焦虑性神经症", "C": "脑血管病所致精神障碍", "D": "急性酒精中毒"}, "answer": "脑血管病所致精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,60岁,5年前患有动脉粥样硬化,4天前早晨起来感到头晕,左侧上下肢活动不自如,病情渐重,次日左侧上下肢瘫痪,应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑动脉粥样硬化", "B": "心肌梗死", "C": "脑动脉粥样硬化,脑血栓形成", "D": "高血压病"}, "answer": "脑动脉粥样硬化,脑血栓形成", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "A型性格的人易患的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癌症", "B": "过敏性紫癜", "C": "冠心病", "D": "糖尿病"}, "answer": "冠心病", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,20岁。3年前无明显诱因渐起孤僻少语,不愿参加集体活动,甚至与父母也很少交流,上课时注意力不集中,成绩下降。个人生活懒于料理。1.该患者的主要症状为(  )。", "options": {"A": "行为障碍", "B": "认知功能障碍", "C": "阳性症状", "D": "阴性症状"}, "answer": "阴性症状", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.思维贫乏是(  )。", "options": {"A": "联想结构障碍", "B": "联想数量障碍", "C": "联想自主性障碍", "D": "联想形式障碍"}, "answer": "联想数量障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "晚期血吸虫病的肠道病变易并发(  )。", "options": {"A": "穿孔", "B": "出血", "C": "肠套叠", "D": "息肉癌变"}, "answer": "息肉癌变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "骑跨性会阴部损伤易损伤尿道的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "前列腺部", "B": "球部", "C": "膜部", "D": "尿道外口"}, "answer": "球部", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3岁小儿,发热3天,有头痛、呕吐。查体:皮肤有瘀点、瘀斑,脑膜刺激症状(+)。腰穿发现脑压升高,脑脊液外观混浊,细胞数2000×106/L,糖和氯化物明显降低,蛋白质含量明显升高,脑脊液直接涂片检菌阳性。临床诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核性脑膜炎", "B": "普通型流脑", "C": "肺炎链球菌性脑膜炎", "D": "脑膜脑炎型流脑"}, "answer": "普通型流脑", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在风湿病中最有诊断意义的病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胶原纤维的纤维素样变性", "B": "风湿小结", "C": "心肌变性坏死", "D": "心瓣膜纤维组织增生"}, "answer": "风湿小结", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,35岁。支气管哮喘史20年,近2周来出现活动耐力下降。该患者最重要的治疗措施是规律使用(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖皮质激素气雾剂", "B": "长效β2受体激动剂", "C": "联合吸入糖皮质激素和长效β2受体激动剂", "D": "胆碱能受体抑制剂"}, "answer": "联合吸入糖皮质激素和长效β2受体激动剂", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于滴虫性阴道炎叙述不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主要症状是阴道分泌物增多及外阴瘙痒", "B": "阴道分泌物常为稀薄液体或黄绿色脓性分泌物", "C": "主要治疗药物为红霉素", "D": "潜伏期为4~28日"}, "answer": "主要治疗药物为红霉素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.可用作载体的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素", "B": "ABO血型物质", "C": "二硝基苯酚", "D": "BSA"}, "answer": "BSA", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肾病综合征患儿进行预防接种的时间为(  )。", "options": {"A": "同时进行", "B": "缓解停药后进行", "C": "缓解停药6个月~1年后进行", "D": "缓解停药5年后进行"}, "answer": "缓解停药6个月~1年后进行", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿腹泻时口服补液盐(ORS液)的电解质渗透压是含钠钾液的(  )。", "options": {"A": "1/4张", "B": "1/3张", "C": "1/2张", "D": "2/3张"}, "answer": "2/3张", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,33岁。右上腹痛3天,有压痛和反跳痛,Murphy征(+),WBC 18.1×109/L。最可能的病理变化为(  )。", "options": {"A": "渗出性纤维素性炎", "B": "卡他性炎症", "C": "蜂窝织炎", "D": "化脓性炎"}, "answer": "化脓性炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.梅毒性主动脉炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "夹层动脉瘤", "B": "多发性微小动脉瘤", "C": "真性动脉瘤", "D": "假性动脉瘤"}, "answer": "真性动脉瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "婴幼儿按供热能计算,三种产能营养素蛋白质、脂肪和糖类之间正确的比例是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋白质占25%,脂肪占30%,糖类占45%", "B": "蛋白质占20%,脂肪占35%,糖类占45%", "C": "蛋白质占25%,脂肪占35%,糖类占40%", "D": "蛋白质占15%,脂肪占35%,糖类占50%"}, "answer": "蛋白质占15%,脂肪占35%,糖类占50%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "确诊结核性脑膜炎最可靠的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅神经瘫痪+结核接触史", "B": "昏迷+结核菌素试验阳性", "C": "脑脊液中查见结核菌", "D": "脑脊液中IgG和IgA增高"}, "answer": "脑脊液中查见结核菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "慢性肾衰竭进展过程中最早出现的临床表现常为(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化道症状", "B": "贫血", "C": "出血", "D": "痛风"}, "answer": "消化道症状", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "学龄期的特点中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "各系统器官都发育到接近成人水平", "B": "脑的形态已基本与成人相同", "C": "智能发育较前更成熟", "D": "发病率较前为低"}, "answer": "各系统器官都发育到接近成人水平", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "低钾性碱中毒常出现于(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿毒症", "B": "胃肠减压", "C": "术后少尿", "D": "挤压创伤"}, "answer": "胃肠减压", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在下列氨基酸中碱性氨基酸是(  )。", "options": {"A": "谷氨酸", "B": "赖氨酸", "C": "酪氨酸", "D": "苏氨酸"}, "answer": "赖氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于无家属签字的无自主意识患者的紧急输血,经治医师应上报哪个部门同意、备案,并记入病历(  )。", "options": {"A": "医院职能部门", "B": "手术室", "C": "输血科", "D": "检验科"}, "answer": "医院职能部门", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对指甲下脓肿应采取的最佳措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "理疗", "B": "用抗生素", "C": "拔除指甲", "D": "在甲沟处切开引流"}, "answer": "拔除指甲", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,36岁。腹泻伴纳差、乏力、消瘦、发热5月余,大便为黄色糊状,3~5次/日。2.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结肠癌", "B": "克罗恩病", "C": "阿米巴肠炎", "D": "肠结核"}, "answer": "肠结核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "Asherman综合征属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫性闭经", "B": "精神性闭经", "C": "卵巢性闭经", "D": "垂体性闭鲐"}, "answer": "子宫性闭经", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心身疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心理社会因素在病因上引起主导作用的躯体疾病", "B": "由心理社会因素引起的器官系统的功能性改变", "C": "由心理社会因素引起的神经症", "D": "由心理社会因素引起的生理反应"}, "answer": "心理社会因素在病因上引起主导作用的躯体疾病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,60岁,面色逐渐苍白,乏力伴牙龈出血半年,检查Hb 60g/L,WBC 3.3×109/L,PLT 35×1012/L,经骨穿细胞学检查诊断为骨髓增生异常综合症,为进行FAB分型,最重要的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "网织红细胞", "B": "染色体检查", "C": "骨髓活检", "D": "血清铁检查"}, "answer": "骨髓活检", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,女,9岁。水肿1个月。查体:BP 135/95mmHg,颜面和四肢明显水肿。实验室检查:尿蛋白(+++),24小时尿蛋白定量2.5g,血浆清蛋白28g/L,尿素氮10mmol/L,血补体C30.65g/L。1.该患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急进性肾小球肾炎", "B": "肾炎型肾病综合征", "C": "单纯型肾病综合征", "D": "急性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "肾炎型肾病综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男孩,6个月。因面色苍白2个月就诊。患儿仅吃母乳,近半个月面色苍白,活动减少。血象:MCHC 30%,MCH 25fl,MCV 65fl,PLT 156×109/L。患儿的诊断应考虑是(  )。", "options": {"A": "巨幼细胞性贫血", "B": "缺铁性贫血", "C": "营养性混合性贫血", "D": "急性白血病"}, "answer": "缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,18岁,心尖部隆隆样杂音,并于收缩晚期听见喀喇音,提示病变瓣膜弹性良好是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心尖部杂音", "B": "杂音的响度", "C": "开瓣音", "D": "杂音持续的时间"}, "answer": "开瓣音", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肺泡回缩力主要来自(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸内负压", "B": "肺泡膜的液体分子层表面张力", "C": "肺泡的弹性纤维", "D": "胸廓弹性回缩"}, "answer": "肺泡膜的液体分子层表面张力", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性普通型肝炎,肝坏死的类型为(  )。", "options": {"A": "碎片状坏死", "B": "大片坏死", "C": "桥接坏死", "D": "点状坏死"}, "answer": "点状坏死", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.Chediak-Higashi综合征为(  )。", "options": {"A": "B细胞缺陷", "B": "T细胞缺陷", "C": "吞噬细胞缺陷", "D": "补体系统缺陷"}, "answer": "吞噬细胞缺陷", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,18岁。剧烈活动时突发心悸1小时。可见心室夺获和室性融合波。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心肌梗死", "B": "房颤", "C": "室上性心动过速", "D": "室性心动过速"}, "answer": "室性心动过速", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肥厚型心肌病药物治疗宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "洋地黄类", "B": "利尿剂", "C": "抗凝剂", "D": "β受体阻断剂"}, "answer": "β受体阻断剂", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "因毛细血管通透性增加而致胸腔积液的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾病综合征", "B": "肝硬化", "C": "类风湿关节炎", "D": "左心衰竭"}, "answer": "类风湿关节炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿,足月自然分娩,娩出时脐带绕颈一周,Apgar评分1分钟与5分钟分别为3分、7分。查体:小儿激惹,拥抱反射增强,肌张力高。其诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "室管膜下出血", "B": "新生儿低血钙", "C": "新生儿脑膜炎", "D": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病"}, "answer": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,25岁,半年来苍白无力。血红蛋白70g/L,白细胞、血小板正常,血清铁300μg/L,骨髓铁阴性,诊断为缺铁性贫血,经口服铁剂治疗3周后无效。下列哪项不可能是其病因?(  )", "options": {"A": "诊断不正确", "B": "出血不止", "C": "未按医嘱服药", "D": "存在干扰铁利用的因素"}, "answer": "诊断不正确", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "慢性活动性肝炎确诊依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝功能异常", "B": "病程超过半年", "C": "自身免疫抗体阳性", "D": "肝穿组织可见碎屑状及桥状坏死"}, "answer": "肝穿组织可见碎屑状及桥状坏死", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.58岁男性,高血压病史,左偏身痛觉减退1周来诊,头CT示右基底节小低密度灶(0.5cm),应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "腔隙性脑梗", "B": "高血压脑病", "C": "壳核出血", "D": "脑栓塞"}, "answer": "腔隙性脑梗", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "活动性风湿热患者血清中抗体大多超过(  )。", "options": {"A": "25U", "B": "50U", "C": "250U", "D": "400U"}, "answer": "400U", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "良性肿瘤的主要生长方式为(  )。", "options": {"A": "结节状生长", "B": "膨胀性生长", "C": "蕈伞状生长", "D": "隆起状生长"}, "answer": "膨胀性生长", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.必须监测出凝血状况的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡托普利", "B": "普通肝素", "C": "硝酸甘油", "D": "呋塞米"}, "answer": "普通肝素", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肺炎链球菌的主要致病因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "C反应蛋白", "B": "自溶酶", "C": "荚膜", "D": "外毒素"}, "answer": "荚膜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心室肌细胞动作电位4期内Ca2+逆浓度梯度外运是由何提供能量的?(  )", "options": {"A": "Na+-Ca2+泵", "B": "Na+-K+泵", "C": "Ca2+泵", "D": "Cl-泵"}, "answer": "Na+-K+泵", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,37岁。发作性喘息2年,咳喘、气急再发2天入院。查体:双肺满布哮鸣音。X线片未发现异常。应首先采取的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服抗过敏药物", "B": "静脉点滴抗生素", "C": "使用支气管舒张剂", "D": "无创通气"}, "answer": "使用支气管舒张剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一足月新生儿,日龄5天,7月份出生,出生时有窒息,Apgar评分6分,2天来少吃,不哭,体温低。体检:肛温32.0℃,面颊、四肢皮肤暗红,皮下脂肪硬,心率90次/min。2.为使患儿复温,宜选的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即安置于37.0~38.0℃的暖箱中", "B": "放入37.0~38.0℃温水中进行温水浴", "C": "静脉高价营养", "D": "立即安置于暖箱中,箱温高于体温1~2℃"}, "answer": "立即安置于暖箱中,箱温高于体温1~2℃", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.出生不久的小儿体内免疫球蛋白抗体主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫球蛋白", "B": "免疫球蛋白M", "C": "免疫球蛋白G", "D": "干扰素"}, "answer": "免疫球蛋白G", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.胆囊结石,胆囊切除术,切口愈合良好(  )。", "options": {"A": "切口分类及愈合纪录为Ⅰ/甲", "B": "切口分类及愈合纪录为Ⅱ/甲", "C": "切口分类及愈合纪录为Ⅱ/乙", "D": "切口分类及愈合纪录为Ⅲ/甲"}, "answer": "切口分类及愈合纪录为Ⅱ/甲", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "因抢救急危患者,未能及时书写病历的,有关医务人员应在抢救结束后据实补记,并加以注明,其期限是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2小时内", "B": "4小时内", "C": "6小时内", "D": "12小时内"}, "answer": "6小时内", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.急性粒细胞白血病治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲氨蝶呤", "B": "阿霉素(多柔比星)", "C": "DA方案", "D": "VP方案"}, "answer": "DA方案", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "9个月婴儿,近1个月夜惊、睡眠差、多汗、烦躁,运动发育迟,刚会坐,不能爬。查体:前囟大,方颅,有哈氏沟及串珠。2.哪一项治疗为首选?(  )", "options": {"A": "每天口服维生素D1万~2万IU(250~500μg),持续1个月后,改为预防量400IU~800IU", "B": "每天口服维生素D1万~2万IU(250~500μ),持续用2~3个月", "C": "每天口服维生素D0.5万~1万IU(125~250μg),连用2个月,改预防量", "D": "每天口服维生素D0.5万~1万IU(125~250μg),连用2~3个月,改预防量"}, "answer": "每天口服维生素D1万~2万IU(250~500μg),持续1个月后,改为预防量400IU~800IU", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿肾病综合征最早出现的表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肉眼血尿", "B": "水肿", "C": "面色苍白", "D": "精神萎靡"}, "answer": "水肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "常导致急性肾功能衰竭的肾小球肾炎是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新月体性肾小球肾炎", "B": "系膜增生性肾小球肾炎", "C": "轻微病变性肾小球肾炎", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "新月体性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "26岁未产妇,停经48日后出现阴道少量流血伴右下腹隐痛。今晨起床时突然右下腹剧痛来院。检查:血压90∕60mmHg,面色苍白,下腹稍膨隆,右下腹压痛明显,肌紧张不明显,叩诊移动性浊音(±)。妇科检查:子宫稍大稍软,右附件区触及有压痛包块。恰当诊断应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "输卵管妊娠流产", "B": "急性阑尾炎", "C": "急性输卵管炎", "D": "右侧卵巢肿瘤蒂扭转"}, "answer": "输卵管妊娠流产", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男婴,2岁,呕吐腹泻1天。突然脐周阵发性腹痛,继恶心、呕吐三四次,大便五六次。初蛋花汤样后呈赤豆汤血水样便,腥臭、无脓。体温39℃(R),腹软,稍胀,不固定压痛,无肌紧张,未及包块,皮疹(-)。1.可能诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌性痢疾", "B": "急性坏死性肠炎", "C": "婴儿腹泻", "D": "肠套叠"}, "answer": "急性坏死性肠炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.慢性肾功能不全继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进患者应给予(  )。", "options": {"A": "促红细胞生成素", "B": "磷结合剂", "C": "糖皮质激素", "D": "硝酸甘油"}, "answer": "磷结合剂", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胸髓横贯性损害可导致(  )。", "options": {"A": "双下肢中枢性瘫", "B": "四肢瘫", "C": "双下肢周围性瘫", "D": "偏瘫"}, "answer": "双下肢中枢性瘫", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列不属于急性病毒性心肌炎的常见临床表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "恶心、呕吐等消化道症状", "B": "可合并各种心律失常", "C": "心尖区可能有收缩期吹风样杂音或舒张期杂音", "D": "心动过速与发热程度平行"}, "answer": "心动过速与发热程度平行", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于炎症的概念的描述哪项错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "有血管系统的活体组织对损伤因子发生的防御反应", "B": "活体组织对损伤因子发生的防御反应", "C": "机体有损伤和抗损伤的复杂反应", "D": "机体有实质及间质细胞的损伤,再生修复"}, "answer": "活体组织对损伤因子发生的防御反应", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "早产儿指(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎龄小于28周的新生儿", "B": "胎龄小于37周的新生儿", "C": "胎龄20周至第37周的新生儿", "D": "胎龄30周至37周的新生儿"}, "answer": "胎龄小于37周的新生儿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,4岁,4天前开始发热、咳嗽,近2日尿少、水肿。查体:体温37.8℃,眼睑及下肢水肿,咽部充血,血压90/60mmHg,心肺正常。尿常规:蛋白(++),红细胞5~8个/HP。其他各项血化验暂未出结果。治疗应(  )。", "options": {"A": "给予利尿药物", "B": "低盐高蛋白饮食", "C": "泼尼松", "D": "给予青霉素治疗上呼吸道感染"}, "answer": "给予青霉素治疗上呼吸道感染", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于血红蛋白合成的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "以甘氨酸、天冬氨酸为原料", "B": "只有在成熟红细胞才能进行", "C": "受肾分泌的促红细胞生成素调节", "D": "合成全过程仅受ALA合酶的调节"}, "answer": "受肾分泌的促红细胞生成素调节", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,17岁,某日上课时听女教师朗诵诗句:“伟大的女性引导我们上升”,突然产生该教师是想引诱他,并很快发现老师的目光和表情都是在诱惑他,下课后感到同学们的表情和举止都在暗示他:老师就是对他“有意思”。此症状属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "错听", "B": "超价观念", "C": "原发性妄想", "D": "思维逻辑障碍"}, "answer": "原发性妄想", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "李某,中度慢性疼痛患者,医师开具第一类精神药品缓释制剂,每张处方用药量最多天数为(  )。", "options": {"A": "1天", "B": "2天", "C": "3天", "D": "7天"}, "answer": "7天", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "长期采用全胃肠外营养,理想静脉为(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈内或锁骨下静脉", "B": "颈外静脉", "C": "头静脉", "D": "大隐静脉"}, "answer": "颈内或锁骨下静脉", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对一例低渗重度脱水患儿进行补液,第一天用4:3:2(2/3)混合液按100~120ml/kg给予(暂先禁食6~8小时)。所用4:3:2液的组成是(  )。", "options": {"A": "4份生理盐水,3份10%葡萄糖,2份5%碳酸氢钠", "B": "4份10%葡萄糖,3份生理盐水,2份1.4%碳酸氢钠", "C": "4份5%葡萄糖,3份生理盐水,2份5%碳酸氢钠", "D": "4份生理盐水,3份5%葡萄糖,2份1.4%碳酸氢钠"}, "answer": "4份生理盐水,3份5%葡萄糖,2份1.4%碳酸氢钠", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,25岁,月经周期短,时而仅为20天。诊断性刮宫病理组织学检查报告提示:子宫内膜腺上皮细胞的核下开始出现含糖原小泡。此子宫内膜腺上皮细胞变化相当于月经周期的(  )。", "options": {"A": "分泌期早期", "B": "增殖期中期", "C": "分泌期中期", "D": "增殖期晚期"}, "answer": "分泌期早期", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "补充酪氨酸可节省体内的下列哪种氨基酸?(  )", "options": {"A": "苯丙氨酸", "B": "组氨酸", "C": "蛋氨酸", "D": "赖氨酸"}, "answer": "苯丙氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "为加强妇女保健工作,某大型企业组织全体女职工进行健康检查,采用快速的医学检查方法,从表面健康的女职工中查出乳腺癌和宫颈癌的可疑患者,再进一步确诊后给予早期治疗,这种疾病防制策略属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "疾病的筛检", "B": "高危人群的健康体检", "C": "重点疾病的抽样调查", "D": "一般健康促进"}, "answer": "疾病的筛检", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "正常成年人每天需要蛋白质为(  )。", "options": {"A": "1g/kg", "B": "0.2g/kg", "C": "0.1g/kg", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "1g/kg", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者女性,60岁,车祸后右股部肿痛4小时来院。查体:神志淡漠,面色苍白,T37.4℃,P130次/分,血压70/40mmHg,右股部明显肿胀,淤血,按压有异常活动。2.首先应采取的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右胫骨结节骨牵引", "B": "右下肢石膏托固定", "C": "制动、快速输血输液", "D": "完备术前检查后切开复位内固定"}, "answer": "制动、快速输血输液", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "模板DNA的碱基序列是3′-TGCAGT-5′,其转录出RNA碱基序列是(  )。", "options": {"A": "5′-AGGUGA-3′", "B": "5′-ACGUCA-3′", "C": "5′-ACGTCA-3′", "D": "5′-ACGUGT-3′"}, "answer": "5′-ACGUCA-3′", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性失血时,哪项调节反应最先出现?(  )", "options": {"A": "交感神经兴奋", "B": "迷走神经兴奋", "C": "血管的自身调节", "D": "血中血管紧张素Ⅱ增多"}, "answer": "交感神经兴奋", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.属于非侵入性筛查方法的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内镜检查", "B": "超声波断层检查", "C": "甲胎蛋白定量测定", "D": "选择性动脉造影"}, "answer": "超声波断层检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女性,58岁患者。因发热、咳嗽、胸闷、气短1周收入住院。查体:T 37.5℃,R 24/min,口唇发绀。双下肺叩诊呈浊音、语颤明显减弱、呼吸音消失。腹部隆起,叩诊移动性浊音(+)。双侧胸腔积液、腹水呈乳糜样,苏丹染色阴性。胸腔积液、腹水常规均示渗出液,淋巴细胞为主,LDH 1200U/L,CEA明显增高,PPD(+)。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "化脓性胸膜炎", "B": "恶性胸腔积液", "C": "乳糜样胸腔积液", "D": "结缔组织疾病"}, "answer": "恶性胸腔积液", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性胰腺炎的典型症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脐周阵发性疼痛,停止肛门排便和排气", "B": "上腹部剧烈疼痛,向左上臂内侧放射", "C": "上腹部烧灼样疼痛,进食后可缓解", "D": "上腹部持续性剧烈疼痛,向腰背部放射"}, "answer": "上腹部持续性剧烈疼痛,向腰背部放射", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪一项不符合低血糖的症状或表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "手抖", "B": "饥饿感", "C": "便频", "D": "皮肤多汗"}, "answer": "便频", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性血源性骨髓炎多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "儿童", "B": "青年", "C": "中年", "D": "老年"}, "answer": "儿童", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "使用化妆品后24h出现面部水肿、渗出、痒痛,应属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅰ型变态反应", "B": "Ⅱ型变态反应", "C": "Ⅲ型变态反应", "D": "Ⅳ型变态反应"}, "answer": "Ⅳ型变态反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肺炎链球菌肺是治疗的首选抗生素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红霉素", "B": "氧氟沙星", "C": "苄星青霉素", "D": "林可霉素"}, "answer": "苄星青霉素", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "原核细胞型的微生物不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "衣原体", "B": "螺旋体", "C": "真菌", "D": "立克次体"}, "answer": "真菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.单纯性甲状腺肿选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙硫氧嘧啶", "B": "甲状腺素", "C": "131I", "D": "甲硫氧嘧啶"}, "answer": "甲状腺素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.发出鼓索支以下处面神经炎引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "单侧周围性面瘫", "B": "单侧周围性面瘫伴Hunt综合征", "C": "单侧周围性面瘫伴同侧舌前2/3味觉丧失", "D": "单侧周围性面瘫伴同侧舌前2/3味觉丧失及听觉过敏"}, "answer": "单侧周围性面瘫", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "口服大剂量(1万单位)维生素D治疗佝偻病激期,需要(  )。", "options": {"A": "用至痊愈", "B": "用至3岁", "C": "用3~6个月", "D": "用1个月"}, "answer": "用1个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是合成DNA的原料?(  )", "options": {"A": "dAMP、dGMP、dCMP、dTMP", "B": "dATP、dGTP、dCTP、dTTP", "C": "AMP、GMP、CMP、TMP", "D": "dADP、dGDP、dCDP、dTDP"}, "answer": "dATP、dGTP、dCTP、dTTP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.长期阳光照射不足,造成维生素D缺乏的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "坏血病", "B": "夜盲症", "C": "缺铁性贫血", "D": "佝偻病"}, "answer": "佝偻病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "引起冠状血管舒张最强的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "H+浓度增加", "B": "缺O2", "C": "腺苷", "D": "前列腺素"}, "answer": "腺苷", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "反对安乐死的学者的理由是:(  )。", "options": {"A": "强调生命的质量和价值", "B": "尊重病人选择自己死亡方式的权利", "C": "医学是发展的", "D": "有利于优化人口质量"}, "answer": "医学是发展的", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,30岁,极度消瘦,急诊时已昏迷,查体阳性所见:呼吸高度抑制,四肢及臀部多处注射针痕,瞳孔极度缩小,从下述接触药物中判断是哪种药物中毒?(  )", "options": {"A": "阿托品", "B": "哌替啶", "C": "苯巴比妥", "D": "肾上腺素"}, "answer": "哌替啶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "控制长链脂肪酰基进入线粒体氧化的关键因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脂酰CoA合成酶的活性", "B": "肉碱脂酰转移酶的活性", "C": "ATP水平", "D": "脂酰CoA的水平"}, "answer": "肉碱脂酰转移酶的活性", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "12小时尿细胞计数(addis)的正常值是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞数<100万,白细胞数<50万,管型<1万", "B": "红细胞数<50万,白细胞数<100万,管型<5千", "C": "红细胞数<100万,白细胞数<50万,管型<5千", "D": "红细胞数<50万,白细胞数<100万,管型<l万"}, "answer": "红细胞数<50万,白细胞数<100万,管型<5千", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "幻觉是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "歪曲的知觉", "B": "虚幻的知觉", "C": "虚幻的感觉", "D": "以上都正确"}, "answer": "虚幻的知觉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.从伦理学角度分析,医务人员正确的行为选择应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即去肺科抢救", "B": "立即去耳鼻喉科抢救", "C": "立即去小儿科抢救", "D": "立即采取措施,排除异物"}, "answer": "立即采取措施,排除异物", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,64岁,胸骨后烧灼样疼痛2周。伴嗳气,偶有吞咽不畅。口服奥美拉唑治疗2周后疼痛缓解。2.目前首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心电图", "B": "冠状动脉造影", "C": "胃镜", "D": "24小时食管pH监测"}, "answer": "胃镜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,22岁,发热、咳嗽、胸痛3天入院,抗感染治疗一周后未见明显效果,仍咳嗽,胸痛加重,深呼吸时明显,查体:T 37.5℃,右下肺呼吸音减弱,语颤减弱,胸片提示,右下肺大片状阴影,上缘呈弧形,为明确诊断,首选检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管镜", "B": "胸部CT", "C": "结核菌素实验", "D": "胸腔穿刺"}, "answer": "胸腔穿刺", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.重症肌无力患者诊断性用药选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯化钠", "B": "螺内酯", "C": "新斯的明", "D": "肾上腺皮质激素"}, "answer": "新斯的明", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "初产妇,26岁,足月妊娠。既往有风湿性心脏病病史,心功能2级。产科检查:枕左前位,胎心率正常,无头盆不称,决定经阴道分娩。处理正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "产妇取平卧位体息", "B": "第二产程鼓励产妇屏气用力", "C": "胎肩娩出后腹部放置沙袋并用腹带包扎固定", "D": "产后常规注射麦角新碱"}, "answer": "胎肩娩出后腹部放置沙袋并用腹带包扎固定", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,17岁,1个月前出现食量明显增加,不到就餐时间便出现饥饿,近来经常与同学争吵,检查发现右侧甲状腺部有一直径2cm结节,SPECT检查报告为热结节,以下哪项为另一有诊断意义的检查(  )。", "options": {"A": "血糖测定", "B": "血脂检查", "C": "FT3、FT4、TSH测定", "D": "心电图检查"}, "answer": "FT3、FT4、TSH测定", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,25岁,既往有HBsAg阳性史,10天前无诱因发热,体温逐渐上升,波动于37.5~39℃,近3天体温持续在38.5~39.5℃不降,伴有食欲不振、乏力、腹胀及尿黄。查体:体温39.5℃,脉搏88/min,血压110/70mmHg,神清,表情淡漠,未见皮疹,巩膜轻度黄染,心肺未见异常,腹软,右下腹压痛(+),肝右肋下2cm,脾未触及,肝浊音区不小,移动性浊音(-),双下肢无水肿。化验:白细胞3.5×109/L,中性细胞0.60,淋巴细胞0.40,血HBsAg(+),抗HBs(+)。3.哪项为患者治疗的首选方案?(  )", "options": {"A": "卧床休息,避免用肝损伤药物,戒酒", "B": "用激素退热,减轻中毒症状", "C": "用喹喏酮类药物进行病原治疗", "D": "卧床休息,保肝治疗"}, "answer": "用喹喏酮类药物进行病原治疗", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,56岁。右下肢静脉迂曲扩张20年,伴下肢酸胀、水肿,活动或抬高患肢减轻,近2年右足靴区皮肤发红,时有瘙痒,逐渐加重。查体:右下肢大腿内侧、小腿后有迂曲扩张之静脉团,足靴区色素沉着,皮肤变厚。4.该患者可能发生的最严重并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右小腿溃疡", "B": "血栓性浅静脉炎", "C": "右下肢坏死", "D": "溃疡破裂出血"}, "answer": "右小腿溃疡", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "属于良性肿瘤的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经鞘瘤", "B": "精原细胞瘤", "C": "霍奇金病", "D": "Paget病"}, "answer": "神经鞘瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "原位癌指的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "早期癌", "B": "原发癌", "C": "未发生转移的癌", "D": "未突破基底膜的癌"}, "answer": "未突破基底膜的癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性30岁,既往健康,晨起发病,四肢无力,进行性加重,2天后来诊。查体:脑神经正常,四肢肌力0级,腱反射弱,病理反射阴性,无感觉障碍。5.应首先做的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头部CT", "B": "头部X线片", "C": "牙部X线片", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "牙部X线片", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肾综合征出血热属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "蜱传性出血热", "B": "动物源性出血热伴肾综合征", "C": "动物源性出血热不伴肾综合征", "D": "传播途径不明的出血热"}, "answer": "动物源性出血热伴肾综合征", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.医师经执业注册后(  )。", "options": {"A": "只准从事预防业务", "B": "可以从事相应的医疗、预防、保健业务", "C": "不得从事医师执业活动", "D": "可以重新申请医师执业注册"}, "answer": "可以从事相应的医疗、预防、保健业务", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "病理反射的发生系因(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经系统兴奋性普遍增高", "B": "脊髓反射弧受损", "C": "锥体束受损", "D": "脑干网状结构受损"}, "answer": "锥体束受损", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.急诊处方的用药日数一般不得超过(  )。", "options": {"A": "3日", "B": "2日", "C": "5日", "D": "7日"}, "answer": "3日", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项属于肿瘤特异性抗原?(  )", "options": {"A": "甲胎蛋白(αFP)", "B": "胚性硫糖蛋白(FSA)", "C": "异型胎儿蛋白", "D": "甲基胆蒽诱发的肉瘤抗原"}, "answer": "甲基胆蒽诱发的肉瘤抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肠内营养最常出现的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆汁淤积", "B": "胆石形成", "C": "误吸", "D": "肝酶谱升高"}, "answer": "误吸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "强烈提示患者左心功能衰竭的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "A2亢进", "B": "舒张早期奔马律", "C": "开瓣音", "D": "心包叩击音"}, "answer": "舒张早期奔马律", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "晚发型新生儿败血症起病时间常在(  )。", "options": {"A": "出生7天内", "B": "出生7天后", "C": "出生10天后", "D": "出生10天后"}, "answer": "出生7天后", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "单纯小脑幕裂孔疝的临床症状不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "昏迷", "B": "呕吐", "C": "偏瘫", "D": "双侧瞳孔大小多变"}, "answer": "偏瘫", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女性,85岁,吸烟30余年,反复咳嗽、咳痰20年,气喘10年,水肿、尿少10天。查体:血压110/50mmHg,嗜睡,呼吸促,球结膜水肿,口唇发绀,颈静脉怒张,左肺闻及湿啰音,P2>A2.肝大,肋下2cm,双下肢水肿。pH 7.32,PaCO2 75mmHg,Pa02 42mmHg。2.诊断肺性脑病应除外(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑动脉硬化", "B": "严重的电解质紊乱", "C": "感染中毒性脑病", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎增生的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球球囊壁层上皮细胞", "B": "肾小球球囊脏层上皮细胞", "C": "肾小球系膜细胞和内皮细胞", "D": "肾小球内皮细胞"}, "answer": "肾小球系膜细胞和内皮细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,45岁,心悸、乏力1年余,进行性加重,未就诊;1周前发热,T 37.6~38℃,伴咳嗽、咳黄粘痰,口服止咳祛痰药物效果不佳,3天来症状加重,体温持续39℃以上,并出现恶心、呕吐、腹泻,痰黄脓,气急加重。查体:T 39.8℃,P 150次份,R 32次/分.BP 11/5kPa;消瘦,意识模糊,烦躁不安,巩膜轻度黄染,甲状腺Ⅰ度肿大,可闻血管杂音,无震颤。两肺可闻多量干湿性啰音,心界不大,心率164次/分,律不整,第一心音亢进,心尖部可闻Ⅱ级收缩期吹风样杂音,腹(-);下肢无水肿。3.该病人的进一步治疗还应包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗感染,补足水分,注意电解质平衡,物理降温必要时冬眠降温", "B": "补足水分,注意电解质平衡,物理降温,强心药物减慢心率", "C": "抗感染,注意水、电解质平衡,物理降温,强心药物减慢心率", "D": "先辅以药物治疗,病情有所控制后行手术治疗"}, "answer": "抗感染,补足水分,注意电解质平衡,物理降温必要时冬眠降温", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "哮喘发作时,肺通气功能指标中下降最明显的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺活量", "B": "用力肺活量", "C": "补呼气量", "D": "补吸气量"}, "answer": "用力肺活量", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于麻疹出疹期的临床特点,以下不符合的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体温可突然升高至40.0~40.5℃", "B": "典型红色斑丘疹", "C": "皮疹先出现于下肢", "D": "此期肺部可有湿啰音"}, "answer": "皮疹先出现于下肢", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "疟疾患者血常规的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞及血红蛋白减少", "B": "血小板明显降低", "C": "淋巴细胞比例增加", "D": "网织红细胞减少"}, "answer": "红细胞及血红蛋白减少", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,30岁。胃溃疡穿孔行胃大部切除术后5天。出现右上腹钝痛及发热,最高体温38.5℃。腹部X线透视见右侧膈肌升高,随呼吸活动受限,肋膈角模糊。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃排空障碍", "B": "急性细菌性肝脓肿", "C": "吻合口瘘", "D": "膈下脓肿"}, "answer": "膈下脓肿", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.用于耐药金葡菌所致的严重感染的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素+链霉素", "B": "羧苄西林+庆大霉素", "C": "苯唑西林+庆大霉素", "D": "青霉素G+磺胺嘧啶"}, "answer": "苯唑西林+庆大霉素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,45岁。近3个月自觉轻度乏力。母亲HBsAg(+)。实验室检查:血ALT 420U/L,TBiL 64μmol/L,PTA 88%,HBsAg(+),HBeAg(+),抗HBc(+),HBV DNA 4.5×105Copies/ml。1.首选的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "恩替卡韦", "B": "护肝片", "C": "茵栀黄口服液", "D": "干扰素"}, "answer": "恩替卡韦", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于志贺菌属细菌的描述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "均能产生内毒素", "B": "对抗生素不敏感", "C": "无荚膜", "D": "无芽胞"}, "answer": "对抗生素不敏感", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,60岁,突然视物双影,口角歪斜,右侧肢体活动不灵1周来诊。查体:左眼内斜视,左眼闭合不全,口角右偏,伸舌右偏,右侧肢体肌力2级,右Babinski征(+)。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Jackson综合征", "B": "Weber综合征", "C": "Foville综合征", "D": "Millard-Gubler综合征"}, "answer": "Millard-Gubler综合征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,40岁。从三楼跌下,左6、7、8肋骨骨折,脾破裂、肠破裂。入院时精神紧张,T 38.5℃,面色苍白,肢端冰冷,脉搏细速,P 110次/分,血压130/100mmHg,尿量减少。1.该病人的状态应属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "暖休克", "B": "冷休克", "C": "休克前期", "D": "重度休克"}, "answer": "休克前期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "抢救酮体酸中毒昏迷患者宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "珠蛋白锌胰岛素", "B": "低精蛋白锌胰岛素", "C": "正规胰岛素", "D": "精蛋白锌胰岛素"}, "answer": "正规胰岛素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,6岁。浮肿、尿色红2天入院。查体:颜面眼睑浮肿,心肺听诊无异常,尿常规有红细胞(+++),蛋白(+),半月前患过扁桃体炎。1.首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性泌尿系统感染", "B": "单纯性肾病", "C": "肾炎性肾病", "D": "急性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "急性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "引起流行性脑脊髓膜炎的脑膜炎球菌的特点不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "在体外易自溶而亡", "B": "革兰染色阳性", "C": "多数由A、B、C群引起", "D": "奈瑟球菌"}, "answer": "革兰染色阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "与梗阻性化脓性胆管炎实验室检查结果不符合的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "碱性磷酸酶升高", "B": "白细胞胞计数升高", "C": "尿胆原升高", "D": "血清结合胆红素升高"}, "answer": "尿胆原升高", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.庖肉培养基属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "基础培养基", "B": "营养培养基", "C": "选择培养基", "D": "厌氧培养基"}, "answer": "厌氧培养基", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于肠破裂的叙述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "十二指肠破裂的发生率最高", "B": "十二指肠破裂多发生在第二、三段", "C": "十二指肠破裂发生在腹腔内部分可早期引起腹膜炎", "D": "小肠破裂可行一期修补或切除后一期吻合"}, "answer": "十二指肠破裂的发生率最高", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.可用于肿瘤非特异性主动免疫治疗的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡介苗", "B": "灭活瘤苗", "C": "IL-2和LAK细胞", "D": "5-氟尿嘧啶"}, "answer": "卡介苗", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,56岁。低热咳嗽、咳痰2周,胸部X线片示右肺下叶背段可见不规则斑片影及薄壁空润。其内未见液平,血常规正常,ESR 56mm/h。该患者首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺结核", "B": "肺癌", "C": "弹性多管炎", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎"}, "answer": "肺结核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,30岁,4h前跌伤后昏迷5min,清醒后步行回家。1h前因剧烈头痛,呕吐3次送来急诊。查体:昏迷,脉博64/min,血压180/90mmHg,呼吸18/min,左瞳3mm,右瞳2mm,右上、下肢肌力3级。2.应立即采取的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑电图", "B": "脑血管造影", "C": "头部CT", "D": "眼底检查"}, "answer": "头部CT", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,44岁。胃癌根治术后第6天,出现上腹剧烈疼痛,逐渐加重,伴恶心、呕吐、腹胀。查体:腹膜刺激征(+)。腹腔引流管引出咖啡色浑浊液体。腹部B超提示腹腔积液。2.针对上述情况,应采取的治疗措施中不包括的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠外营养支持", "B": "胃肠减压", "C": "吗啡止痛", "D": "应用生长抑素"}, "answer": "吗啡止痛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,20岁,4小时前左食指中远指常被刀切削完全离断,断面有木屑污染。3.应采取的紧急措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "局部和全身应用抗凝药物", "B": "立即手术探查", "C": "断端皮肤间断拆线,减少张力", "D": "截除再植手指"}, "answer": "立即手术探查", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "产褥妇,26岁。剖宫产术后16天,突然阴道大量流血3小时来院。入院时BP 84/60mmHg,心率122次/分,Hb 84g/L。3.该患者最有效的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫腔镜检查并止血", "B": "剖腹探查,清创缝合", "C": "剖腹探查,行子宫次全切除术", "D": "清宫术"}, "answer": "剖腹探查,行子宫次全切除术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪项是导致脂肪肝的主要原因?(  )", "options": {"A": "肝内脂肪合成过多", "B": "肝内脂肪运出障碍", "C": "食人脂肪过多", "D": "食入糖类过多"}, "answer": "肝内脂肪运出障碍", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,5岁。发热,头痛,呕吐4天,昏迷半天于2月10日入院。查体:T 39.6℃,P 115次/分,R 26次/分,BP 60/20mmHg。神志不清,皮肤可见出血点,球结膜水肿,心肺腹(-),颈抵抗(+),双侧Babinski(+)。实验室检查:血WBC 16.4×109/L,中性粒细胞0.88,淋巴细胞0.12。患者抢救无效于次日死亡。其脑组织病理检查最可能出现的结果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅底多发性闭塞性动脉内膜炎,引起脑实质损害", "B": "软脑膜充血、水肿、出血", "C": "脑沟和脑回可见小的肉芽肿、结节和脓肿,蛛网膜下隙可见有胶样渗出物", "D": "脑血管高度扩张充血,蛛网膜下隙充满黄色脓性分泌物"}, "answer": "脑血管高度扩张充血,蛛网膜下隙充满黄色脓性分泌物", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "直肠息肉中癌变倾向最大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "绒毛状腺瘤", "B": "增生性息肉", "C": "炎性息肉", "D": "幼年性息肉"}, "answer": "绒毛状腺瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,45岁。颈肩痛伴左上肢放射痛1周。査体:Eaton试验(+)。颈部MRI显示C5~6,C6~7椎间盘向左后突出8mm,关节突增生。颈椎斜位X线检査显示C5~6椎间孔稍变窄。首选的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "椎板切除减压术", "B": "前路椎间盘切除", "C": "后路椎间盘切除", "D": "颌枕吊带牵引"}, "answer": "颌枕吊带牵引", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.细菌性痢疾的肠溃疡特征为(  )。", "options": {"A": "溃疡呈环形与肠的长轴垂直", "B": "溃疡呈长椭圆形与肠的长轴平行", "C": "溃疡边缘呈堤状隆起", "D": "溃疡表浅呈地图状"}, "answer": "溃疡表浅呈地图状", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有一名16岁男孩,2小时前3楼掉下一花盆击伤左顶部,当时有短暂意识障碍,左顶部有1.5cm长头皮不全裂伤,局部头皮肿胀,正侧切位颅片示左顶凹陷骨折,陷入深度0.5cm,头颅CT示左顶凹陷骨折,局部头皮肿胀。1.该病例诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑震荡", "B": "开放凹陷性颅骨骨折", "C": "闭合性凹陷性颅骨骨折,头皮裂伤(不全),脑震荡", "D": "头皮血肿"}, "answer": "闭合性凹陷性颅骨骨折,头皮裂伤(不全),脑震荡", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,38岁。右膝关节、右踝关节持续性肿痛2个月。既往腰痛14年,伴晨僵,活动后改善。查体:右膝及右踝关节肿胀,有压痛,右膝关节积液,枕墙距2cm,双侧“4”字试验(+)。实验室检查:血常规:WBC 13.2×109/L,PLT 383×109/L,ESR 78min/h,RF(-),HLA-B27(+)。2.首选的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "羟基氯喹", "B": "硫酸氨基葡萄糖", "C": "秋水仙碱", "D": "柳氮磺吡啶"}, "answer": "柳氮磺吡啶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4个月女婴,突然惊厥发作。患儿出生后牛奶喂养,未加辅食,近1日流涕,时有哭闹,但无发热及咳嗽,不呕吐,二便正常。查体:体温37.8℃,面色灰白,双眼上翻,面部肌肉颤动,四肢抖动,心肺正常,前囟平坦,颈强(-),枕部有乒乓球感。2.首选的急救措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即给予10%水合氯醛3ml灌肠.然后给予葡萄糖酸钙静脉注射", "B": "立即选择青霉素静点,同时给予苯巴比妥肌内注射", "C": "立即给予维生素D330万U(750μg)肌内注射,然后给予葡萄糖酸钙", "D": "20%甘露醇静脉注射0.5~1g/(kg·次),同时肌内注射苯巴比妥"}, "answer": "立即给予10%水合氯醛3ml灌肠.然后给予葡萄糖酸钙静脉注射", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.每克碳水化合物能产热量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "1kcal", "B": "4kcal", "C": "7kcal", "D": "9kcal"}, "answer": "4kcal", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.在传染病感染过程中,最易识别的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病原体被消灭或排出体外", "B": "显性感染", "C": "病原携带状态", "D": "潜伏性感染"}, "answer": "显性感染", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,32岁,近2个月上床后近2小时方能人睡,每周3或4次,只能睡眠2~4小时,晨起后感觉疲乏,精神不振,诊断为失眠症。1.失眠症最常见的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心理生理因素", "B": "睡眠中呼吸困难引起", "C": "药物依赖的伴发症状", "D": "酒类依赖的戒断症状"}, "answer": "心理生理因素", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "能干扰C5b67与细胞膜结合的调节因子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "S蛋白", "B": "C4结合蛋白", "C": "C1抑制物", "D": "I因子"}, "answer": "S蛋白", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列有关早期食管癌的叙述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "常无明显临床症状", "B": "可以是黏膜下癌", "C": "可以是原位癌", "D": "可以侵及浅肌层"}, "answer": "可以侵及浅肌层", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,48岁,身高160cm,体重68kg,近半年口渴多饮,多尿,伴乏力,空腹血糖6.9mmol/L。1.应做哪项检查以明确诊断?(  )", "options": {"A": "OGTT", "B": "重复1次空腹血糖", "C": "测餐后2h血糖", "D": "糖化血红蛋白"}, "answer": "OGTT", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,25岁。由5m高处跌下3小时。腹痛,腹肌紧张,有压痛和反跳痛,肠鸣音弱。血压104/70mmHg,脉率120次/分。血红蛋白80g/L。X线检查:右侧第9、10肋骨骨折,右侧膈肌升高。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝破裂", "B": "胃破裂", "C": "横结肠破裂", "D": "小肠破裂"}, "answer": "肝破裂", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,35岁。因患慢性再生障碍性贫血4个月入院。血常规:Hb 45g/L,WBC 3.5×109/L,拟输血治疗,鉴于该患者需反复输血,为防止输血不良反应,应选用的最佳血液成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "悬浮红细胞", "B": "辐照红细胞", "C": "去除白细胞的红细胞", "D": "浓缩红细胞"}, "answer": "去除白细胞的红细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "什么年龄小儿末梢血中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞的比例相等(  )。", "options": {"A": "1~3天和1~3岁", "B": "4~6天和4~6岁", "C": "10~12天和10~12岁", "D": "13~15天和13~15岁"}, "answer": "4~6天和4~6岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "脂肪酸合成酶系存在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "线粒体基质", "B": "细胞液", "C": "微粒体", "D": "溶酶体"}, "answer": "细胞液", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初孕妇,25岁。妊娠40周,规律宫缩8小时,宫缩45~50秒/4~5分,心率140次/分,枕左前位,胎头10cm。先露0cm,宫口开大2cm,该患者正确的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "剖宫产", "B": "肌内注射哌替啶", "C": "静脉滴注缩宫素", "D": "继续观察产程进展"}, "answer": "继续观察产程进展", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.传导速度最慢的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心房肌", "B": "心室肌", "C": "房室交界", "D": "浦肯野纤维"}, "answer": "房室交界", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,62岁,晨起出现讲话不清,右侧肢体无力,两天后因病情渐加重就诊。血压105/80mmHg,意识清,运动性失语,右侧偏瘫。可完全排除的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑栓塞", "B": "短暂脑缺血发作", "C": "脑出血", "D": "腔隙性脑梗死"}, "answer": "短暂脑缺血发作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男孩,1岁半。平日偏食,常有腹泻、咳嗽,已会独立行走,玩耍正常。近2个月来面色苍黄,逗之不笑,时有头部、肢体颤抖,不能独站。外周血象:血红蛋白100g/L,红细胞2.5×1012/L,白细胞4×109/L,中性粒细胞分叶过多。本例可诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "营养不良伴低钙血症", "B": "慢性腹泻伴低钙血症", "C": "缺铁性贫血伴低钙血症", "D": "营养性巨幼细胞贫血"}, "answer": "营养性巨幼细胞贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列化合物中不参与甘油三酯合成的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "3-磷酸甘油", "B": "CDP-甘油二酯", "C": "二酯酰甘油", "D": "磷脂酸"}, "answer": "CDP-甘油二酯", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.解除有机磷中毒时毒蕈碱样毒性作用,首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿托品", "B": "解磷定", "C": "尼可刹米", "D": "甘露醇"}, "answer": "阿托品", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者男性,18岁,因急性阑尾炎穿孔行阑尾切除术。术后3天切口红肿,有脓性分泌物,将缝线拆除后引出20ml脓液。10天后再次缝合而愈合,该患者切口愈合类型应记录为(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅱ/乙", "B": "Ⅲ/甲", "C": "Ⅲ/乙", "D": "Ⅲ/丙"}, "answer": "Ⅲ/甲", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.慢性肾功能不全伴高血钾症应选用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄糖酸钙", "B": "碳酸氢钠", "C": "呋塞米", "D": "氨基酸"}, "answer": "葡萄糖酸钙", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,52岁。慢性咳嗽、咳痰5年余,冬季好发,仍能坚持上班。近因胃溃疡大出血急诊手术治疗。手术后第1天出现呼吸困难进行性加重,伴发热。有冠心病史,平素无症状。动脉血气分析(呼吸空气):pH 7.48,PaCO2 4.0kPa(30mmHg),PaO2 6.7kPa(50mmHg),Qs/Qt 32%。胸片两肺血管纹理增粗,普遍模糊。1.该病例最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性呼吸衰竭失代偿", "B": "急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)", "C": "肺不张", "D": "急性左心衰竭"}, "answer": "急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性风湿性心脏病左心室、左心房同时扩大时,常说明(  )。", "options": {"A": "二尖瓣狭窄", "B": "二尖瓣关闭不全", "C": "主动脉瓣狭窄", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "二尖瓣关闭不全", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.猪肉绦虫病的发生过程中,人是(  )。", "options": {"A": "猪肉绦虫的终末宿主", "B": "牛肉绦虫的中间宿主", "C": "牛肉绦虫的终末宿主", "D": "短膜壳绦虫的终末宿主"}, "answer": "猪肉绦虫的终末宿主", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.患者初次饮酒1两,即感到头有点晕,心情舒畅,连续半年以后需饮4两才能有初饮同样的体验(  )。", "options": {"A": "心理依赖", "B": "躯体依赖", "C": "耐受性", "D": "急性酒精中毒"}, "answer": "耐受性", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列按伤情分类属于重伤的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肱骨骨折", "B": "膀胱破裂", "C": "股骨干骨折并肺脂肪栓塞", "D": "开放性胫腓骨骨折"}, "answer": "股骨干骨折并肺脂肪栓塞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "条件致病菌的致病原因可包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "大剂量皮质激素的应用", "B": "肿瘤的放疗化疗", "C": "菌群失调", "D": "以上都符合"}, "answer": "以上都符合", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某地药品监督管理部门接到多名眼疾患者举报,反应在县医院眼科就诊使用某药后发生“眼内炎”。药品监管部门经过调查确认该药为假药,其法定依据为(  )。", "options": {"A": "未标明有效期", "B": "未标明生产批号", "C": "未经批准而进口", "D": "超过有效期"}, "answer": "未经批准而进口", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列骨折中,最不稳定的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "裂缝骨折", "B": "横形骨折", "C": "螺旋骨折", "D": "嵌插骨折"}, "answer": "螺旋骨折", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,8个月,单纯母乳喂养,近半个月脸色渐苍白,查体发现肝脾轻微肿大。血象:Hb 80g/L,RBC 3.06×1012/L。血清铁8.59μgmol/L(48μg/m)。临床确诊为缺铁性贫血拟给予铁剂治疗,铁剂治疗的注意事项有下列各项,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "铁剂用量按元素铁计算", "B": "用药应在两餐之间服用", "C": "铁剂治疗的同时给予维生素C 口服", "D": "口服铁剂1周仍无效者考虑诊断不正确"}, "answer": "口服铁剂1周仍无效者考虑诊断不正确", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,35岁。左下腹外伤后24小时。入院时有弥漫性腹膜炎,行剖腹探查术。术中见腹腔内有黄色脓液及粪便,降结肠下段有-0.5cm穿孔,有粪便溢出。最合适的术式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "穿孔处修补,横结肠造口", "B": "降结肠穿孔处切除,端端吻合术", "C": "左半结肠切除术", "D": "单纯腹腔引流术"}, "answer": "穿孔处修补,横结肠造口", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项不是ARDS初期的临床表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "呼吸加快", "B": "呼吸道分泌物增多,肺部有啰音", "C": "X线胸片一般无明显异常", "D": "PaO2至8.0kPa(60mmHg)"}, "answer": "呼吸道分泌物增多,肺部有啰音", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,56岁,右利手。突然语言困难2天。有心房颤动病史7年。查体:神志清楚,四肢运动感觉无异常。门诊医生问诊:“生什么病?”答:“呀!吃饭吗?”医生:“把右手举起来。”答:“是。”却向门口走去。最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "运动性失语", "B": "传导性失语", "C": "感觉性失语", "D": "混合性失语"}, "answer": "感觉性失语", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.治疗特发性失神发作首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙戊酸钠", "B": "卡马西平", "C": "乙琥胺", "D": "ACTH"}, "answer": "乙琥胺", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "支气管肺炎与支气管炎的主要鉴别点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热的高低", "B": "咳嗽的轻重", "C": "肺部是否有固定的中小水泡音", "D": "血白细胞数的高低"}, "answer": "肺部是否有固定的中小水泡音", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在生物转化中最常见的一种结合物是?(  )", "options": {"A": "乙酰基", "B": "谷胱甘肽", "C": "葡萄糖醛酸", "D": "硫酸"}, "answer": "葡萄糖醛酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "化脓性脑膜炎合并硬膜下积液的处理,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "少量液体不必穿刺", "B": "积液多时须反复穿刺", "C": "有硬膜下积脓时,可注入抗生素", "D": "穿刺治疗效果不佳时,可持续侧脑室引流"}, "answer": "穿刺治疗效果不佳时,可持续侧脑室引流", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病的慢性气道炎症最主要的效应细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "树突状细胞", "B": "巨噬细胞", "C": "中性粒细胞", "D": "淋巴细胞"}, "answer": "中性粒细胞", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性肾小球肾炎的主要临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血尿,蛋白尿,水肿,低蛋白血症", "B": "水肿,少尿,血尿,高血压", "C": "血尿,少尿,水肿,蛋白尿", "D": "水肿,少尿,蛋白尿,高血压"}, "answer": "水肿,少尿,血尿,高血压", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,20岁,工人,在工地右大腿被砸伤,当即不能站立,局部剧痛,用哪一种检查最安全迅速、无痛,还可判断有无骨折(  )。", "options": {"A": "检查有否骨磨擦音", "B": "移动式小型X机摄片", "C": "听诊", "D": "有否纵向压痛"}, "answer": "听诊", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在记忆过程中不包括的环节为(  )。", "options": {"A": "验证", "B": "保持", "C": "回忆", "D": "再认"}, "answer": "验证", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "由三个胚层的各种成熟组织构成的肿瘤为(  )。", "options": {"A": "无性细胞瘤", "B": "畸胎瘤", "C": "绒毛膜癌", "D": "内胚窦瘤"}, "answer": "畸胎瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿腹泻病(  )。", "options": {"A": "多为轮状病毒感染致秋季腹泻", "B": "星状病毒感染致腹泻", "C": "食饵性腹泻", "D": "多病原、多因素引起的大便次数增多和性状改变"}, "answer": "多病原、多因素引起的大便次数增多和性状改变", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "重症肌无力常合并(  )。", "options": {"A": "系统性红斑狼疮", "B": "甲状腺功能亢进", "C": "胸腺增生或胸腺瘤", "D": "小细胞肺癌"}, "answer": "胸腺增生或胸腺瘤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.蛋白质翻译的直接模板是(  )。", "options": {"A": "DNA", "B": "mRNA", "C": "tRNA", "D": "rRNA"}, "answer": "mRNA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,56岁,吞咽困难5个月。胃镜检查见食管中段隆起伴溃疡,管腔狭窄,管壁僵硬。黏膜活检最可能的病理改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺癌", "B": "淋巴瘤", "C": "鳞癌", "D": "干酪样肉芽肿"}, "answer": "鳞癌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,26岁,半年来无原因认为同事指桑骂槐地议论她,街上行人的举动及电视内容都针对她。为之心情烦躁,不敢上班。该病人的精神症状最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "被害妄想", "B": "情感脆弱", "C": "关系妄想", "D": "焦虑"}, "answer": "关系妄想", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "诊断溶血性贫血最可靠的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿胆原排泄增加", "B": "尿含铁血黄素阳性", "C": "血清结合珠蛋白降低", "D": "红细胞寿命缩短"}, "answer": "红细胞寿命缩短", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一足月新生儿,出生体重3.2kg,有胎儿窘迫史,生后1分钟及5分钟评分分别为3分和6分。生后3小时患儿易激惹,肌张力增高,有呼吸暂停。下列哪项检查不是必需的(  )。", "options": {"A": "血糖", "B": "血钙", "C": "呼吸、心率,血压监测", "D": "血清总胆红素和结合胆红素"}, "answer": "血清总胆红素和结合胆红素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,3岁,发热半月余,咳嗽、乏力、消瘦、盗汗。查体发现双肺呼吸音粗,X线检查提示为原发综合征,“OT”试验“+++”。3.该患者应用异烟肼的疗程是(  )。", "options": {"A": "3~6个月", "B": "9~12个月", "C": "12~18个月", "D": "18~24个月"}, "answer": "12~18个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "5.甲状腺危象表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "面肌、手足抽搐", "B": "高热、脉快,烦躁、谵妄、大汗、呕吐、水泻", "C": "声嘶,严重者失音、呼吸困难", "D": "呼吸困难、烦躁、发绀,甚至窒息"}, "answer": "高热、脉快,烦躁、谵妄、大汗、呕吐、水泻", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.最可能是乳腺脓肿的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺内有多发胀痛、质韧之肿块", "B": "乳房红肿胀痛,内有触痛伴波动感的肿块", "C": "乳腺内有单发、质硬、活动度差的肿物", "D": "乳腺内有单发囊性结节"}, "answer": "乳房红肿胀痛,内有触痛伴波动感的肿块", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "骨囊肿好发于(  )。", "options": {"A": "长管状骨干骺端", "B": "扁骨骨端", "C": "短状骨骨端", "D": "短状骨干骺端"}, "answer": "长管状骨干骺端", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.单纯疱疹病毒引起的反复发作属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性感染", "B": "慢性感染", "C": "潜伏感染", "D": "隐性感染"}, "answer": "潜伏感染", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.一个家庭关系紧张的人,尽可能缩短在家逗留的时间,变成一个“工作迷”,这一现象属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "应激的行为反应", "B": "应激的情绪反应", "C": "应激的生理反应", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "应激的行为反应", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿6岁,临床表现为肾病综合征,肾穿刺活检见肾小球无明显变化、肾小管上皮细胞内有大量脂质沉积。此肾炎属(  )。", "options": {"A": "系膜增生性肾炎", "B": "IgA肾病", "C": "轻微病变性肾炎", "D": "膜性增生性肾炎"}, "answer": "轻微病变性肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.可引起食物中毒的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄球菌", "B": "链球菌", "C": "脑膜炎奈瑟菌", "D": "淋病奈瑟菌"}, "answer": "葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.女,65岁,心尖部可闻及3/6级收缩期杂音。最有助于明确诊断的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部X线片", "B": "心肌核素显影", "C": "心电图", "D": "超声心动图"}, "answer": "超声心动图", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1岁小儿,以腹泻3日于9月28日入院。3天前无原因出现2次呕吐后,开始腹泻,每日10余次,大便呈黄色蛋花汤样,无腥臭味,每次量多,尿量减少。查体:精神萎靡,前囟和眼窝明显凹陷,皮肤弹性差,四肢温。血常规正常。2.第1天静脉补液总量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "50~100ml/kg", "B": "100~120ml/kg", "C": "120~150ml/kg", "D": "150~180ml/kg"}, "answer": "120~150ml/kg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有一名蛛网膜下腔出血病人,哪一项检查对其无帮助?(  )", "options": {"A": "ECT", "B": "头颅CT", "C": "核磁血管成像", "D": "全脑血管造影"}, "answer": "ECT", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是CD4阳性T细胞的主要功能?(  )", "options": {"A": "吞噬作用", "B": "特异性杀伤作用", "C": "辅助作用", "D": "抗原呈递作用"}, "answer": "辅助作用", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下哪项不是T细胞活化的表现(  )。", "options": {"A": "分泌多种细胞因子", "B": "表达CD40L", "C": "表达Igα、Igβ分子", "D": "表达FasL,"}, "answer": "表达Igα、Igβ分子", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,48岁。因意识不清,话多零乱,看见鬼怪入院,询问病史得知有长期饮酒史。患者可能属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "酒精中毒性幻觉症", "B": "酒精中毒性痴呆", "C": "酒精中毒性情感障碍", "D": "精神分裂症"}, "answer": "酒精中毒性幻觉症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "绞窄性肠梗阻是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "无机械因素存在的肠梗阻", "B": "肠壁血运障碍的肠梗阻", "C": "肠内容物运行停止所致的肠梗阻", "D": "肠壁肌肉过强收缩引起的肠梗阻"}, "answer": "肠壁血运障碍的肠梗阻", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新生儿早期患呼吸道感染的原因可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "先天免疫缺陷", "B": "补体成分缺陷", "C": "皮肤黏膜天然屏障差", "D": "sIgA功能尚未成熟"}, "answer": "sIgA功能尚未成熟", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,9岁,眼睑浮肿4天,近2日加重,浮肿渐及全身,尿少,今晨感觉上腹部不适,频咳、气急。查体:体温37.5℃,眼睑及下肢浮肿,血压150/100mmHg,心率116次/分,心音钝,两肺闻及水泡音,肝肋下2.0cm。尿常规:蛋白质(++),红细胞20~30个/HP,血尿素氮6mmol/L。3.该患儿应做何处置最适当?(  )", "options": {"A": "肌内注射利血平", "B": "限制水、钠摄入", "C": "快速洋地黄化", "D": "静脉滴注硝普钠"}, "answer": "静脉滴注硝普钠", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,50岁,颈粗20年,心悸、乏力1年,加重1个月;无突眼,甲状腺Ⅱ度肿大,有结节,无触痛,可闻及血管杂音,心率90次/分,可闻及期前收缩6~8次/分。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Graves病", "B": "结节性甲状腺肿伴甲亢", "C": "桥本病", "D": "甲亢性心脏病"}, "answer": "结节性甲状腺肿伴甲亢", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1岁患者,10月份患腹泻大便呈水样或蛋花汤样,无腥臭味,有少量黏液但无脓血,有脱水征。考虑其病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "致病性大肠杆菌", "B": "白色念珠菌", "C": "黏附性大肠杆菌", "D": "肠道或呼吸道病毒"}, "answer": "肠道或呼吸道病毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,10个月,人工喂养。低热咳嗽2天,面及四肢抽搐4~5次,每次20~30s自止,间歇期吃奶如常。体检:体温38.5℃,前囟2cm×3cm,平坦,咽充血,肋骨串珠,面神经征阳性。血WBC8×109/L,N 0.6,血糖4.44mmol/L(80mg/dl)。2.若此时立即给患儿抽血查血钙,结果为1.55mmol/L。请问,引起血钙降低的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血钙迅速向骨转移", "B": "尿钙排出过多", "C": "甲状旁腺功能亢进", "D": "甲状旁腺反应迟钝"}, "answer": "甲状旁腺反应迟钝", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.慢性粒细胞性白血病(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓细胞内可见Auer小体", "B": "中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶积分增高", "C": "pH染色体阳性", "D": "糖原染色阳性"}, "answer": "pH染色体阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "新生儿期保健的重点时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生后1小时内", "B": "生后3天内", "C": "生后1周内", "D": "生后2周内"}, "answer": "生后1周内", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.发生在生长激素释放抑制激素与膜受体结合后(  )。", "options": {"A": "活化Gi", "B": "活化其他类型G蛋白", "C": "抑制刺激性G蛋白(Gs)", "D": "抑制抑制性G蛋白(Gi)"}, "answer": "活化Gi", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对狂犬病病毒正确的叙述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病兽发病前10天多也开始排毒", "B": "固定毒株接种动物发病所需潜伏期长", "C": "可用灭活疫苗预防", "D": "可在感染细胞质内形成嗜碱性包涵体"}, "answer": "可在感染细胞质内形成嗜碱性包涵体", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,66岁。手关节痛伴晨僵3年。查体:双手近端和远端指间关节压痛,无软组织肿胀,远端指间关节变形,可见多个heberden结节。化验:ESR 22mm/h,类风湿因子22U/L(正常),抗CCP抗体阴性。X线片示远端指间关节半脱位。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "强直性脊柱炎", "B": "骨关节炎", "C": "类风湿关节炎", "D": "风湿性关节炎"}, "answer": "骨关节炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.ER含量低属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "环磷酰胺、阿霉素、氟尿嘧啶", "B": "环磷酰胺、甲氧蝶呤、氟尿嘧啶", "C": "激素非依赖性肿瘤", "D": "激素依赖性肿瘤"}, "answer": "激素非依赖性肿瘤", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为诊断浅昏迷最有价值的体征?(  )", "options": {"A": "对呼叫无反应", "B": "角膜反射消失", "C": "眼球浮动", "D": "对疼痛刺激无反应"}, "answer": "对呼叫无反应", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列化验检查提示DIC纤维蛋白溶解亢进的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤维蛋白原降低", "B": "纤维蛋白原升高", "C": "纤维蛋白降解产物增多", "D": "纤维蛋白降解产物减少"}, "answer": "纤维蛋白降解产物增多", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列属于过期妊娠引产指征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "估计胎儿体重大于4500g", "B": "宫颈条件成熟,胎头已经衔接", "C": "胎儿宫内窘迫", "D": "NST和OCT评估为三类"}, "answer": "宫颈条件成熟,胎头已经衔接", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性白血病患者,出现头痛、呕吐,颈强直,脑脊液压力增高、蛋白增多、糖减少,细胞大多为白血病细胞,鞘内注射首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "环磷酰胺", "B": "长春新碱", "C": "甲氨蝶呤", "D": "6-巯基嘌呤"}, "answer": "甲氨蝶呤", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "导致风湿热的病原菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎链球菌", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "C": "A组乙型溶血性链球菌", "D": "流感杆菌"}, "answer": "A组乙型溶血性链球菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.全身用药抗感染作用最强、作用持续时间最长的糖皮质激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "米托坦", "B": "地塞米松", "C": "可的松", "D": "甲泼尼龙"}, "answer": "地塞米松", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "预防医学是研究(  )。", "options": {"A": "社会环境与健康的关系", "B": "人体健康与环境的关系", "C": "健康和无症状患者", "D": "个体与群体的健康"}, "answer": "人体健康与环境的关系", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于酮体的描述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "酮体包括乙酰乙酸、β-羟丁酸和丙酮", "B": "合成原料是丙酮酸氧化生成的乙酰CoA", "C": "酮体是肝输出能量的一种形式", "D": "只能在肝的线粒体内生成"}, "answer": "合成原料是丙酮酸氧化生成的乙酰CoA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,38岁。外伤后双下肢瘫痪,双上肢肌张力和肌力正常,双下肢肌力2级,双侧膝、踝反射亢进。其受损的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "传入神经元", "B": "胸段脊髓", "C": "颈段脊髓", "D": "腰段脊髓"}, "answer": "胸段脊髓", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.甲状腺髓样癌可能出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "自身免疫性疾病", "B": "血钙降低", "C": "细菌感染", "D": "病毒感染"}, "answer": "血钙降低", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.各级疾病预防控制机构(  )。", "options": {"A": "承担传染病监测、预测、流行病学调查、疫情报告以及其他预防控制工作", "B": "在各自的职责范围内辅助传染病防治工作", "C": "领导本行政区域内的传染病防治工作", "D": "主管全国传染病防治及其监督管理工作"}, "answer": "承担传染病监测、预测、流行病学调查、疫情报告以及其他预防控制工作", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪个CD分子含有HIV的受体(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD3", "B": "CD4", "C": "CD8", "D": "CD40"}, "answer": "CD4", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列不是肺脓肿手术指征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肺脓肿", "B": "反复大咯血", "C": "支气管胸膜瘘", "D": "内科积极治疗无效的慢性肺脓肿"}, "answer": "急性肺脓肿", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.占总能量的50%~60%(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋白质", "B": "脂肪", "C": "碳水化合物", "D": "维生素"}, "answer": "碳水化合物", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "青年男性,2天来胸背部疼痛,今晨出现双下肢无力,伴二便障碍,查脐以下各种感觉障碍,双下肢肌力0级,无病理反射。2.最有诊断意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骶椎MRI", "B": "头部MRI", "C": "胸椎MRI", "D": "腰椎MRI"}, "answer": "胸椎MRI", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "支气管哮喘患者发作时禁用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吗啡", "B": "氨茶碱", "C": "泼尼松", "D": "肾上腺素"}, "answer": "吗啡", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.夜惊(  )。", "options": {"A": "通过节食,自我诱发呕吐,过度运动达到体重减轻,存在害怕发胖的超价观念", "B": "自我诱发的反复呕吐,呕吐物为刚进的食物,体重保持在正常体重的80%以上", "C": "发生于睡眠的前1/3阶段,伴尖叫,哭喊,惊恐,醒后不能回忆,多见于儿童", "D": "睡眠时有噩梦,有强烈的梦境体验,伴情绪紧张、心悸等,见于任何年龄"}, "answer": "发生于睡眠的前1/3阶段,伴尖叫,哭喊,惊恐,醒后不能回忆,多见于儿童", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.TPP中所含的维生素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素B", "B": "维生素B", "C": "泛酸", "D": "维生素PP"}, "answer": "维生素B", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,50岁,因患短肠综合征,予全胃肠外营养治疗。应用1周时患者出现昏迷,但尿内无酮体。患者既往曾有空腹血糖高(11mmol/L)。3.此病的预防主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "开始一周内注意葡萄糖输注的浓度、速度和与胰岛素的比例", "B": "加强保肝", "C": "加强导管护理、无菌操作", "D": "保护肾功能"}, "answer": "开始一周内注意葡萄糖输注的浓度、速度和与胰岛素的比例", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "Codman三角常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨肉瘤", "B": "骨软骨瘤", "C": "脂肪肉瘤", "D": "骨髓瘤"}, "answer": "骨肉瘤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对尊重病人自主权的正确理解是(  )。", "options": {"A": "此准则适用于所有患者", "B": "必须听从有地位的患者的决定", "C": "医生的任何干预都是不道德的", "D": "承认病人有权根据自身状况做出理性决定"}, "answer": "承认病人有权根据自身状况做出理性决定", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "血清淀粉酶水平是临床上诊断和监测急性胰腺炎的重要指标,其升高的高峰一般出现在发病后(  )。", "options": {"A": "4小时", "B": "48小时", "C": "12小时", "D": "24小时"}, "answer": "24小时", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.海洋性贫血(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗人球蛋白试验阳性", "B": "红细胞渗透脆性试验阳性", "C": "血红蛋白电泳试验异常", "D": "高铁血红蛋白还原试验异常"}, "answer": "血红蛋白电泳试验异常", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "许多抗原称为胸腺依赖性抗原,是因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "在胸腺中产生", "B": "相应抗体是在胸腺中产生", "C": "对此抗原不产生体液性免疫", "D": "只有在T细胞辅助下才能产生针对这种抗原的抗体"}, "answer": "只有在T细胞辅助下才能产生针对这种抗原的抗体", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "CO中毒时下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "老人应与脑血管意外鉴别", "B": "老人和孩子易患", "C": "严重中毒血液COHb浓度可高于50%", "D": "应立即原地抢救"}, "answer": "应立即原地抢救", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于感觉障碍部位的判断,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓半侧损害可出现病变平面以下同侧深感觉障碍,对侧痛温觉障碍", "B": "延髓背外侧病损可出现同侧面部与对侧躯体交叉性感觉障碍", "C": "丘脑病损可引起同侧偏身感觉减退或缺失,深感觉障碍重于浅感觉", "D": "皮质性感觉障碍主要表现实体觉、两点辨别觉等复合感觉障碍"}, "answer": "丘脑病损可引起同侧偏身感觉减退或缺失,深感觉障碍重于浅感觉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性患者,40岁,企图自杀,服用大量巴比妥严重中毒,送来医院时,呼吸已经停止。马上对病人进行洗胃,无效。在没有其他对抗措施条件下,采用了在当时还没有推广的人工肾透析治疗法进行抢救,收到了很好的疗效。为了抢救病人,采用了治疗性实验。对此做法,下列叙述不正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "是符合医学道德的医学行为", "B": "即使是抢救成功,也不合乎道德规范", "C": "即使不幸造成死亡或伤残,也不能逆推动机不好", "D": "本案例医生的选择是恰当的"}, "answer": "即使是抢救成功,也不合乎道德规范", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,11个月。母乳喂养,近3个月来面色渐苍白,间断腹泻,原可站立,现坐不稳,手足常颤抖。体检面色苍黄,略水肿,表情呆滞。血红蛋白80g/L,红细胞2.0×1012/L,白细胞6.0×109/L。3.该患儿最恰当的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素C口服", "B": "肌注维生素B12", "C": "肌注维生素D3", "D": "静滴维生素B6"}, "answer": "肌注维生素B12", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,21岁,右利,突然癫痫发作并伴头痛、呕吐、颈项强直、低热、命名性失语。4.病变位置最可能在(  )。", "options": {"A": "右侧额叶", "B": "左侧颞叶", "C": "左侧顶叶", "D": "左侧枕叶"}, "answer": "左侧颞叶", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "符合生理性腹泻特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生长发育受到一定的影响", "B": "外观虚胖,常有湿疹", "C": "多见于1岁左右小儿", "D": "新生儿期食欲好,无腹泻"}, "answer": "外观虚胖,常有湿疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.瘢痕组织(  )。", "options": {"A": "脂质沉积", "B": "结缔组织玻璃样变", "C": "血管壁玻璃样变", "D": "细胞内玻璃样变"}, "answer": "结缔组织玻璃样变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,45岁。饮酒、饱餐后突发左上腹持续性疼痛10小时,吐后腹部不缓解。无慢性胃病史。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心肌梗死", "B": "急性胆囊炎", "C": "急性胰腺炎", "D": "急性胃炎"}, "answer": "急性胰腺炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩,6个月,患肺炎入院第二天突然烦躁不安,面色苍白,心率180次/分,音钝,双肺闻及密集的小水泡音,肝增大,肋下3cm,心电图示T波低平,考虑患儿出现了哪一种并发症?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺大疱", "B": "肺不张", "C": "气胸", "D": "心力衰竭"}, "answer": "心力衰竭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,33岁。右下腹痛、便秘1年。X线钡剂灌肠检查发现回肠末段及升结肠起始部纵行溃疡及鹅卵石征,病变呈节段性,PPD试验阴性最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠结核", "B": "结肠癌", "C": "溃疡性结肠炎", "D": "克罗恩病"}, "answer": "克罗恩病", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "初产妇活跃期停滞是指进入活跃期后,宫颈口不再扩张超过(  )。", "options": {"A": "1.5小时", "B": "2小时", "C": "3小时", "D": "4小时"}, "answer": "2小时", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者男性,16岁。踢足球时致右大腿轻度碰伤,未在意。第2天出现局部明显肿胀,剧痛,活动明显受限,高热。最有诊断意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "拍X线片", "B": "检查局部", "C": "分层穿刺", "D": "血尿常规"}, "answer": "分层穿刺", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于噬菌体生物活性叙述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不具有抗原性", "B": "能通过细菌滤器", "C": "形态多呈蝌蚪状", "D": "具有严格的宿主特异性"}, "answer": "不具有抗原性", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对外界抵抗力最强的细菌结构(  )。", "options": {"A": "荚膜", "B": "芽孢", "C": "核质", "D": "细胞膜"}, "answer": "芽孢", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "日本血吸虫病早期的病理变化主要由下述哪一种因素引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "虫卵", "B": "田胞蚴", "C": "毛蚴", "D": "尾虫蚴"}, "answer": "虫卵", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项不是A型人格的特征?(  )", "options": {"A": "争强好胜", "B": "易激动", "C": "富攻击性", "D": "容忍力强"}, "answer": "容忍力强", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列有关细菌基因转移和基因重组的术语,解释得不正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "转化,是受体菌直接摄取供体菌游离的DNA片段,重组后而获得新性状的过程", "B": "转导,是由温和噬菌体为载体,使供体菌遗传物质转移到受体菌的过程", "C": "接合,是无性菌毛的F-菌(受体菌),通过与有性菌毛的F+菌(供体菌)接触形成接合桥,从而获得F+菌遗传物质的过程", "D": "基因重组,是外源性DNA通过以毒性噬菌体为载体转移到受体菌,改变了受体菌性状的过程"}, "answer": "基因重组,是外源性DNA通过以毒性噬菌体为载体转移到受体菌,改变了受体菌性状的过程", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在免疫应答中有免疫调节作用的分子不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "C9", "B": "IgG", "C": "C3b", "D": "IgA"}, "answer": "C9", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不宜用糖皮质激素类药物的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中毒性痢疾", "B": "败血症", "C": "腮腺炎", "D": "重症伤寒"}, "answer": "腮腺炎", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于无器质性心脏病无症状的室性期前收缩的患者,应采取的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "去除病因和诱因", "B": "胺碘酮", "C": "维拉帕米", "D": "美西律"}, "answer": "去除病因和诱因", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医疗机构必须配备药学技术人员,配备的这类人员应是依法经过(  )。", "options": {"A": "学历认定", "B": "资历认定", "C": "资格认定", "D": "资质认定"}, "answer": "资格认定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "最易合并脓胸的肺炎是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支原体肺炎", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "C": "合胞病毒肺炎", "D": "间质性肺炎"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于肺炎链球菌肺炎叙述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "起病急", "B": "咳砖红色痰", "C": "不易形成空洞", "D": "病前数日可有上感史"}, "answer": "咳砖红色痰", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "阻塞性肺不张时不会出现的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病变部位呼吸音减弱", "B": "病变部位叩诊呈浊音", "C": "病变部位触觉震颤增强", "D": "胸廓可有塌陷"}, "answer": "病变部位触觉震颤增强", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男婴1天,生后1分钟Apgar评分5分。查体:易激惹,心率150次/分,肌张力稍增强,Moro反射增强,余(-)。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低钙惊厥", "B": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病", "C": "中枢神经系统感染", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "抗生素的使用原则中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "选用价格较便宜的", "B": "选用副作用小的", "C": "能窄谱的有效,不选用广谱的", "D": "能联合用药,不单用"}, "answer": "能联合用药,不单用", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "能提呈外源性抗原肽的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "表达MHCⅠ类分子的细胞", "B": "表达MHCⅡ类分子的细胞", "C": "TCR细胞", "D": "CD4+细胞"}, "answer": "表达MHCⅡ类分子的细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,45岁,经常头痛、头晕近l0年,2天来头痛加重,伴有恶心、呕吐,送医院急诊。查体:神志模糊,血压230/120mmHg。尿蛋白(++),尿糖(+)。2.此时正确的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "利多卡因静脉滴注", "B": "硝普钠静脉滴注", "C": "毛花苷C(西地兰)静脉注射", "D": "快速利尿剂静脉注射"}, "answer": "硝普钠静脉滴注", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胃大部切除术后24小时以内的胃出血,最常见的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "凝血障碍", "B": "吻合口张力过高", "C": "术中止血不确切", "D": "吻合口黏膜脱落坏死"}, "answer": "术中止血不确切", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "流脑的流行病学特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病菌由飞沫直接经空气传播", "B": "冬春季流行", "C": "9个月~2岁的婴幼儿发病率最高", "D": "以上均是"}, "answer": "以上均是", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "编码HLA-H类抗原的基因存在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "HLA-C", "B": "HLA-B", "C": "HLA-D", "D": "HLA-F"}, "answer": "HLA-D", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "佝偻病初期的主要临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多汗、枕秃", "B": "非特异性神经精神症状", "C": "X线长骨片显示骨骺端钙化预备带消失", "D": "血清钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶改变"}, "answer": "非特异性神经精神症状", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "前列腺癌(T1b、T2期)的最佳治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "睾丸切除", "B": "根治性前列腺切除", "C": "抗雄激素治疗", "D": "化疗"}, "answer": "根治性前列腺切除", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,42岁。近1个月出现进行性腰部疼痛,夜间加重。1年前因“乳腺癌”行手术治疗。为明确腰痛原因,最有价值的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线片", "B": "CT", "C": "核素扫描", "D": "B超"}, "answer": "核素扫描", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者男性,8岁,额部多发性疖肿,未治疗,红肿、扩大,弛张性高热,4天后臀部皮下又发现一肿块,疼痛、压痛明显,且有波动感。3.最恰当的治疗措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "醇浴退热", "B": "臀部脓肿切开引流及抗生素治疗", "C": "加强营养,增强抵抗力", "D": "综合应用多种抗生素"}, "answer": "臀部脓肿切开引流及抗生素治疗", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医学技术鉴定组织负责对下述问题有异议的医学技术鉴定(  )。", "options": {"A": "婚前医学检查、遗传病诊断和产前诊断结果", "B": "婚前医学检查、精神病诊断和产前诊断结果", "C": "婚前医学检查、传染病诊断和产前诊断结果", "D": "婚前医学检查、遗传病诊断和产前检查结果"}, "answer": "婚前医学检查、遗传病诊断和产前诊断结果", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "正常小儿前囟闭合最晚的年龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "10个月", "B": "1岁6个月", "C": "2岁6个月", "D": "3岁"}, "answer": "1岁6个月", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,48岁,1年来每于剧烈活动时或饱餐后发作剑突下疼痛,向咽部放射,持续数分钟可自行缓解。2周来发作频繁且有夜间睡眠中发作。2小时来疼痛剧烈,不能缓解,向胸部及后背部放射,伴憋闷,大汗。1.该患者首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动脉夹层分离", "B": "自发性气胸", "C": "急性胰腺炎", "D": "急性心肌梗死"}, "answer": "急性心肌梗死", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "导致胎儿生长受限最常见的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "臀先露", "B": "前置胎盘", "C": "脐带因素", "D": "孕妇因素"}, "answer": "孕妇因素", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,58岁。突感头、颈项部强烈疼痛,大汗伴恶心、呕吐、眩晕。查体:急性病容,四肢活动自如,脑膜刺激征阳性。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑栓塞", "B": "椎基底动脉供血不足", "C": "高血压脑病", "D": "蛛网膜下隙出血"}, "answer": "蛛网膜下隙出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列可在基因克隆技术中生成的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小鼠基因组DNA", "B": "酵母基因组DNA", "C": "质粒DNA", "D": "人类基因组DNA"}, "answer": "质粒DNA", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.新生儿期接种的疫苗应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹疫苗", "B": "乙肝疫苗", "C": "流感疫苗", "D": "脊髓灰质炎疫苗"}, "answer": "乙肝疫苗", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以下哪项是耳、肾毒性最低的氨基糖苷类药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "庆大霉素", "B": "新霉素", "C": "西索米星", "D": "奈替米星"}, "answer": "奈替米星", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪一个药物不宜单独用于治疗嗜铬细胞瘤?(  )", "options": {"A": "硝普钠", "B": "B受体阻断剂", "C": "α-甲基问酪氨酸", "D": "哌唑嗪"}, "answer": "B受体阻断剂", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "重度营养不良的孩子,发生重度脱水,循环不良,处理不合适的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不能扩容,以防心衰", "B": "补充钾需7~10天", "C": "需补充钙剂", "D": "需补充镁剂"}, "answer": "不能扩容,以防心衰", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "上肢血压增高,且高于下肢血压,最可能的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾实质病变", "B": "嗜铬细胞瘤", "C": "原发性醛固酮增多症", "D": "主动脉缩窄"}, "answer": "主动脉缩窄", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肾病综合征预防性抗凝治疗的指征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "出现尿频、尿急、尿痛", "B": "出现蛋白尿", "C": "血浆蛋白<20g/L", "D": "出现水肿"}, "answer": "血浆蛋白<20g/L", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.符合微小胃癌的肿瘤大小是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直径1.6cm", "B": "直径1.2cm", "C": "直径0.8cm", "D": "直径0.4cm"}, "answer": "直径0.4cm", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "被允许使用安慰剂和双盲法进行人体实验时,最应注意解决的问题是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是否有利于社会发展进步", "B": "是否有利于医学科研攻关", "C": "受试者是否同意", "D": "受试者利益是否受损害"}, "answer": "受试者利益是否受损害", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "T1期乳腺癌其肿块最长径不超过(  )。", "options": {"A": "1cm", "B": "2cm", "C": "3cm", "D": "4cm"}, "answer": "2cm", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "婚前医学检查包括对下列疾病的检查的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "遗传性疾病、指定传染病、精神病", "B": "遗传性疾病、指定传染病、有关神经病", "C": "严重遗传性疾病、指定传染病、有关精神病", "D": "严重遗传性疾病、指定传染病、有关神经病"}, "answer": "严重遗传性疾病、指定传染病、有关精神病", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.仅糖酵解需要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "磷酸果糖激酶-2", "B": "丙酮酸激酶", "C": "6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶", "D": "果糖双磷酸酶-1"}, "answer": "丙酮酸激酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "王某,男性,20岁,入院五天,吃饭总是吃几口后就将饭菜倒掉,问其原因答:“我吃几口就能尝出饭里有农药味,我不敢吃。”此症状为(  )。", "options": {"A": "幻听", "B": "幻味", "C": "幻嗅", "D": "幻视"}, "answer": "幻味", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是原发性慢性肾上腺皮质功能减退症的典型体征?(  )", "options": {"A": "皮肤紫纹", "B": "皮肤黏膜色素沉着", "C": "皮肤多汗及低热", "D": "脉率增快"}, "answer": "皮肤黏膜色素沉着", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女孩,6岁,出生后反复呼吸道感染,平时少活动。查体:无发绀,心前区稍隆起,胸骨左缘第3、4肋间3级粗糙全收缩期杂音、伴震颤,P2亢进。3.该病血液动力学改变首先引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "左心房增大", "B": "左心室增大", "C": "主动脉扩张", "D": "肺动脉扩张"}, "answer": "左心室增大", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某大医院一位眼科博士,因急于为两位病人进行角膜移植,而又一时找不到现成的供体角膜,所以在本院太平间“盗取”了一病死者的尸体角膜用于移植,获得成功。此事后被死者家属发现,以未经本人生前及死后家属知情同意,严重损害了死者及其家属的权益为由,将该医生告上了法庭。经调查得知:接受角膜移植术的两位病人与该医师无特殊关系;死者生前与该医师无利害冲突;该医师也未由此谋取分文私利,只是不了解有关要求。4.该医师的行为出现了动机与目的、手段与效果严重背离的问题,其主观上的根本原因在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "对病人知情同意权的无知", "B": "想以此改变人们的陈旧观念", "C": "对医学创新的期望值很高", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "对病人知情同意权的无知", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.T淋巴细胞抗原识别受体(  )。", "options": {"A": "TCR", "B": "BCR", "C": "C3bR", "D": "C4Br"}, "answer": "TCR", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是贫血性梗死发生的主要部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "心、肾、脾", "B": "心、肺、脾", "C": "大脑、肺、肾", "D": "小肠、肝、心"}, "answer": "心、肾、脾", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.利福平的毒性反应(  )。", "options": {"A": "听神经损害", "B": "肝损害", "C": "胃肠道反应", "D": "骨髓抑制"}, "answer": "肝损害", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "绝对不应期内组织的兴奋性为(  )。", "options": {"A": "零", "B": "无限大", "C": "大手正常", "D": "等于正常"}, "answer": "零", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肺癌患者出现声音嘶哑提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "肿瘤侵犯上腔静脉", "B": "肿瘤侵犯喉返神经", "C": "肿瘤侵犯颈交感神经节", "D": "肿瘤侵犯隆突"}, "answer": "肿瘤侵犯喉返神经", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是抗高血压药最合理的联合?(  )", "options": {"A": "氢氯噻嗪+硝苯地平+普萘洛尔", "B": "肼屈嗪+哌唑嗪+普萘洛尔", "C": "氢氯噻嗪+拉贝洛尔+普萘洛尔", "D": "硝苯地平+哌唑嗪+可乐定"}, "answer": "氢氯噻嗪+硝苯地平+普萘洛尔", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "补体C3的功能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "C3转化酶的基质", "B": "促进血液凝固", "C": "趋化作用", "D": "起佐剂作用"}, "answer": "C3转化酶的基质", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.第三产程中,子宫不协调性收缩可造成(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎盘滞留", "B": "胎盘剥离不全", "C": "胎盘嵌顿", "D": "胎盘植入"}, "answer": "胎盘嵌顿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪项不是HLA抗原的功能?(  )", "options": {"A": "参与胸腺T淋巴细胞分化发育", "B": "参与自身免疫耐受的形成", "C": "参与抗原的呈递", "D": "参与调理吞噬"}, "answer": "参与调理吞噬", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "62岁,女性,晨起出现讲话不清,右侧肢体无力,两天后因病情渐加重就诊。血压110/80mmHg,意识清,运动性失语,右侧偏瘫,可排除的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑栓塞", "B": "脑血栓形成", "C": "短暂性脑缺血发作", "D": "腔隙性脑梗死"}, "answer": "短暂性脑缺血发作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于同工酶的叙述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "分子结构不同,电泳行为不同,催化的化学反应相同", "B": "分子结构相同,电泳行为不同,催化的化学反应相同", "C": "分子结构不同,电泳行为相同,催化的化学反应相同", "D": "分子结构不同,电泳行为相同,催化的化学反应不同"}, "answer": "分子结构不同,电泳行为不同,催化的化学反应相同", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男孩,1岁。发热3天,呕吐1次,抽搐1次,既往6个月曾热性惊厥1次。按时预防接种,出生史无特殊。查体:T 38.2史,R 30次/分,BP 90/50mmHg,颈抵抗(+),双肺听诊未见异常。心率130次/分,律齐,腹软,肝脾肋下未触及,四肢暖,肌力、肌张力正常。Babinski征(+)。2.为明确诊断,首先宜进行的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑电图", "B": "血钙、磷测定", "C": "腰穿检查脑脊液", "D": "血培养加药物敏感实验"}, "answer": "腰穿检查脑脊液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "老年人心理卫生保健主要有(  )。", "options": {"A": "确立生存意义", "B": "加强人际交往", "C": "修养个性", "D": "以上都包括"}, "answer": "以上都包括", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "成人股骨头缺血性坏死最常见的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "长期大量应用肾上腺皮质激素", "B": "镰状细胞性贫血", "C": "肿瘤放射治疗后", "D": "Legg-Perthes病"}, "answer": "长期大量应用肾上腺皮质激素", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿1岁,因晨起突然神志不清来院。体检:体重5kg,体温不升,老人貌,皮肤干燥无弹性,表情呆滞,面色苍白,脉搏减慢,呼吸浅表,多汗,腹壁皮下脂肪消失,急诊来院。1.首先应采取的紧急措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉注射西地兰", "B": "静脉注射多巴胺", "C": "静脉注射高渗葡萄糖", "D": "静脉注射5%碳酸氢钠"}, "answer": "静脉注射高渗葡萄糖", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "CO中毒的症状与下述哪一项无关?(  )", "options": {"A": "与CO接触时问长短", "B": "患者中毒前的健康状况", "C": "中毒时体力活动情况", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "以上都不是", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "以下选项中哪一项不属于腋窝淋巴结分组(  )。", "options": {"A": "中央组", "B": "胸肌组", "C": "肩胛下组", "D": "锁骨上组"}, "answer": "锁骨上组", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项为改善严重抑郁症状最迅速的方法?(  )", "options": {"A": "口服丙米嗪", "B": "心理治疗", "C": "ECT治疗", "D": "肌注氟哌啶醇"}, "answer": "ECT治疗", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "鉴别肝癌与肝血管瘤最佳的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部MRI", "B": "腹部多普勒超声", "C": "放射性核素肝扫描", "D": "内镜检查"}, "answer": "腹部MRI", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "腕管综合征是因为(  )在腕管内受压所致。", "options": {"A": "尺神经", "B": "尺动脉", "C": "桡神经", "D": "正中神经"}, "answer": "正中神经", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,30岁。左侧腰部疼痛3年,近一年余尿中带血、尿频、尿急和尿痛,时有脓尿,尿中可查见结核菌。其原因可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "左肾、输尿管及膀胱结核", "B": "左侧输尿管结石", "C": "前列腺肥大", "D": "膀胱移行细胞癌"}, "answer": "左肾、输尿管及膀胱结核", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.腰膨大横贯性损害(  )。", "options": {"A": "单瘫", "B": "截瘫", "C": "四肢瘫", "D": "交叉瘫"}, "answer": "截瘫", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "单纯左心衰竭的典型体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝颈静脉回流征阳性", "B": "双肺底闻及湿啰音", "C": "胸腔积液", "D": "颈静脉怒张"}, "answer": "双肺底闻及湿啰音", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对第三代头孢菌素特点的叙述,哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "对铜绿假单胞菌及厌氧菌有效", "B": "抗革兰阳性菌作用强于第一、二代", "C": "对β-内酰胺酶稳定性高", "D": "对肾脏基本无毒性"}, "answer": "抗革兰阳性菌作用强于第一、二代", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列因子中哪一种属于特异性免疫因子?(  )", "options": {"A": "单核细胞", "B": "中性粒细胞", "C": "免疫球蛋白A", "D": "补体"}, "answer": "免疫球蛋白A", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "苯丙酮尿症患儿初现症状通常在(  )。", "options": {"A": "生后6~9个月", "B": "生后3~6个月", "C": "生后1~3个月", "D": "生后9~12个月"}, "answer": "生后3~6个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "乳腺癌来源于(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺囊肿", "B": "导管内乳头状瘤", "C": "乳腺导管上皮及滤泡上皮", "D": "乳腺纤维腺瘤"}, "answer": "乳腺导管上皮及滤泡上皮", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,23岁,农民,11月份因发热、头痛、呕吐3天入院。体检:面颈部潮红,双腋下少许出血点。尿常规:蛋白(++),红细胞3~10个/HP。血常规:WBC 23.0×109/L,异型淋巴细胞10%,PLT 48×109/L。2.该患者入院两天后,热退但症状明显加重,出血点增加,四肢厥冷,脉搏细弱,BP 80/60mmHg,此时对该患者的治疗原则是以(  )。", "options": {"A": "扩容为主", "B": "应用血管活性药", "C": "应用抗生素为主", "D": "纠正酸中毒为主"}, "answer": "扩容为主", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.急性风湿热不合并心脏炎,抗风湿治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿司匹林", "B": "泼尼松", "C": "青霉素", "D": "红霉素"}, "answer": "阿司匹林", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,45岁。反复发作脓血便十余年,此期问有时伴膝关节疼痛,多次大便细菌培养阴性,X线钡剂检查见乙状结肠袋消失,肠壁变硬,肠管变细。2.该病腹痛的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹痛-进食-缓解", "B": "腹痛-排便-便后缓解", "C": "腹痛-排便-便后无变化", "D": "腹痛-进食-无缓解"}, "answer": "腹痛-排便-便后缓解", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪项不是肿瘤增生的特性?(  )", "options": {"A": "相对无止境性生长", "B": "细胞生长旺盛", "C": "不断地丧失分化成熟的能力", "D": "增生过程中致病因素继续存在"}, "answer": "增生过程中致病因素继续存在", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "长期应用糖皮质激素治疗的患者在停药时应注意(  )。", "options": {"A": "检查患者白细胞", "B": "了解胃黏膜有无损伤", "C": "避免受各种伤害性刺激", "D": "逐次减量停药"}, "answer": "逐次减量停药", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.与细菌传递遗传物质有关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "荚膜", "B": "鞭毛", "C": "性菌毛", "D": "芽孢"}, "answer": "性菌毛", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "宫颈癌最常见的转移途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直接蔓延", "B": "子宫颈旁淋巴结", "C": "血道", "D": "腹腔淋巴结"}, "answer": "直接蔓延", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在真核生物中,经RNA聚合酶Ⅱ催化产生的转录产物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "mRNA", "B": "tRNA", "C": "28SrRNA", "D": "全部RNA"}, "answer": "mRNA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "母乳喂养优于牛乳在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "含蛋白质总量高", "B": "含饱和脂肪酸较多", "C": "含乳糖量多", "D": "含钙、磷高"}, "answer": "含乳糖量多", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.肥达试验O凝集效价低,H凝集效价高(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠热症可能性大", "B": "肠热症可能性小", "C": "预防注射或回忆反应", "D": "细胞免疫功能低下"}, "answer": "预防注射或回忆反应", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列不属于内分泌疾病诊断的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性甲状腺功能减退", "B": "毒性弥漫性甲状腺肿", "C": "慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎", "D": "原发性肾上腺皮质功能减退"}, "answer": "慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.下肢深静脉内延续性血栓的尾部(  )。", "options": {"A": "透明血栓", "B": "白色血栓", "C": "混合性血栓", "D": "红色血栓"}, "answer": "红色血栓", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "甲亢危象的治疗,下列最理想的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙基硫氧嘧啶+碘剂+心得安+强的松", "B": "他巴唑+心得安+强的松", "C": "丙基硫氧嘧啶+心得安+他巴唑", "D": "碘剂+他巴唑"}, "answer": "丙基硫氧嘧啶+碘剂+心得安+强的松", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,28岁。低热、干咳2周。胸部X线片示右侧中等量胸腔积液。胸腔积液检查示总数1460×106/L,单核细胞0.85。给予四联抗结核药物治疗。下列对防止该患者出现胸膜肥厚最重要的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸腔内注射抗结核药物", "B": "口服糖皮质激素", "C": "胸腔内注射尿激酶", "D": "反复胸腔穿刺抽取胸腔积液"}, "answer": "反复胸腔穿刺抽取胸腔积液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.再生障碍性贫血(  )。", "options": {"A": "贫血和出血程度一致", "B": "贫血和出血程度不一致", "C": "有贫血而无出血", "D": "无出血亦无贫血"}, "answer": "贫血和出血程度不一致", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "已婚妇女,26岁,月经规律,停经50天,今晨出现一侧下腹部痛伴肛门坠胀感,血压90/60mmHg。该患者此时有诊断价值的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫稍大变软", "B": "腹肌紧张", "C": "宫颈举痛,后穹隆饱满", "D": "腹部移动性浊音(+)"}, "answer": "宫颈举痛,后穹隆饱满", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,59岁。排尿困难2年。2年来排尿困难逐渐加重,表现为尿线变细,尿滴沥。夜尿3~4次。无尿痛及肉眼血尿,直肠指检及B超诊断为前列腺增生,确定排尿梗阻程度的有效检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿流率检查", "B": "膀胱镜", "C": "CT", "D": "MRI"}, "answer": "尿流率检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.上述哪项是维生素B12的主要吸收部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "胃", "B": "十二指肠", "C": "空肠", "D": "回肠"}, "answer": "回肠", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.办事见异思迁、虎头蛇尾的人,其意志活动缺乏(  )。", "options": {"A": "自觉性", "B": "果断性", "C": "坚韧性", "D": "独立性"}, "answer": "坚韧性", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,35岁,右腹股沟肿块10年,站立时明显,平卧后消失,有时可降入阴囊,可还纳。查:右腹股沟肿块,手拳大小还纳腹腔,外环容3指,压迫内环后肿块不再出现。3.该患者最容易出现的并发症(  )。", "options": {"A": "逆行性嵌顿", "B": "急性肠梗阻", "C": "感染性休克", "D": "嵌顿疝并绞窄性肠梗阻"}, "answer": "嵌顿疝并绞窄性肠梗阻", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,55岁。昨天中午参加婚宴后下午开始腹痛,为持续性胀痛,牵涉到后背,伴恶心、呕吐。有胆囊结石病10年。查体:体温37.2℃,血压110/82mmHg,脉率108次/min,呼吸24次/min,巩膜可疑黄染,上腹膨隆,全腹压痛,以左上腹为重,轻度肌紧张,肠鸣音1~2次/min。WBC 11×109/L,N 0.80,血淀粉酶1500U/L,尿淀粉酶2200U/L,B超显示胆囊多发结石,胆总管宽0.8cm,胰腺增大,边界不清,胰周有积液。2.为进一步明确诊断,需做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "增强CT", "B": "腹部平片", "C": "选择性动脉造影", "D": "手术探查"}, "answer": "增强CT", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "与先兆子痫的发生无关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "双胎妊娠", "B": "羊水过多", "C": "前置胎盘", "D": "糖尿病"}, "answer": "前置胎盘", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "所产毒素与噬菌体有关的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "破伤风梭菌", "B": "白喉棒状杆菌", "C": "霍乱弧菌", "D": "大肠埃希菌"}, "answer": "白喉棒状杆菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.5-FU(5-氟尿嘧啶)是(  )。", "options": {"A": "嘧啶类似物", "B": "叶酸类似物", "C": "谷氨酰胺类似物", "D": "次黄嘌呤类似物"}, "answer": "嘧啶类似物", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "几乎所有SLE病人免疫病理检查均可出现病变的脏器是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺", "B": "肾", "C": "肝", "D": "胰腺"}, "answer": "肾", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,19岁,咽痛、咳嗽,发烧39.6℃,7天后好转,2周后出现手足麻木、无力,逐渐加重,3日后四肢完全性弛缓性瘫,呼吸困难,双眼闭不上,不能吞咽,构音障碍。首先应考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性脊髓炎", "B": "Guillain-Barre综合征", "C": "周期性瘫痪", "D": "急性脊髓灰质炎"}, "answer": "Guillain-Barre综合征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男孩,左肘摔伤急诊就医,小夹板外固定后,前臂肿胀,手部青白发凉,麻木无力,经拍X线片,诊断为左肱骨髁上骨折伸直型,若不及时处理,其最可能的后果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "感染", "B": "缺血性骨坏死", "C": "关节僵硬", "D": "缺血性肌挛缩"}, "answer": "缺血性肌挛缩", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,68岁。进行性排尿困难5年,夜尿4~5次。近期曾发生急性尿潴留2次,既往体健。心肺功能正常,前列腺Ⅱ度肿大,血清PSA 3.1μg/L,膀胱残余尿80ml。首选的手术方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "双侧睾丸切除", "B": "经尿道前列腺切除", "C": "耻骨上前列腺切除", "D": "耻骨后前列腺切除"}, "answer": "经尿道前列腺切除", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "最容易引起枕骨大孔疝的颅内占位性病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "侧脑室肿瘤", "B": "第二脑室肿瘤", "C": "鞍区肿瘤", "D": "第四脑室肿瘤"}, "answer": "第四脑室肿瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于狂犬病病毒的特点,哪一项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "病毒只一个血清型", "B": "患病动物是传染源", "C": "狂犬咬伤后100%发病", "D": "发病后病死率达100%"}, "answer": "狂犬咬伤后100%发病", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "40岁男性,头痛,伴恶心、呕吐3个月,近3天来头痛剧烈,呕吐呈喷射性,全身无力,不能站立。查体:患者嗜睡,痛苦病容,眼底见视神经乳头高度水肿,边缘有火焰状出血,体温37℃。2个月前当时脑脊液检查WBC 0.01×109/L。7.在一般处理时绝对避免(  )。", "options": {"A": "给予普通饮食", "B": "高位灌肠疏通大便", "C": "吸痰,以防刺激咳嗽", "D": "搬动,行各种病因检查"}, "answer": "高位灌肠疏通大便", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1型糖尿病与2型糖尿病,最主要的区别在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "症状轻重不同", "B": "对胰岛素的敏感性不同", "C": "胰岛素的基础水平与释放曲线不同", "D": "血糖稳定性不同"}, "answer": "胰岛素的基础水平与释放曲线不同", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿8个月,面色蜡黄、虚胖、手足颤抖,肝肋下2cm,红细胞2.1×1012/L,血红蛋白80g/L。有关治疗错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素B12肌肉注射", "B": "镇静剂治疗", "C": "及时添加辅食", "D": "改为羊奶喂养"}, "answer": "改为羊奶喂养", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列有关颈椎病的诊断治疗哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "各种类型颈椎病均可行推拿牵引治疗", "B": "一过性脑缺血症状有时是由颈椎病所致", "C": "颈椎病可有视物模糊、复视、耳鸣、心前区疼痛等症状", "D": "颈椎病是颈椎骨质增生所致,常伴有上肢放射痛及感觉障碍"}, "answer": "各种类型颈椎病均可行推拿牵引治疗", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于帕金森病的三个主要体征,以下选项正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "震颤,面具脸,肌张力增高", "B": "运动减少,搓丸样动作,肌张力增高", "C": "震颤,肌张力增高,运动减少", "D": "震颤,面具脸,运动减少"}, "answer": "震颤,肌张力增高,运动减少", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "再障与下述哪一项难鉴别?(  )", "options": {"A": "缺铁性贫血", "B": "非白血性白血病", "C": "脾功能亢进", "D": "PNH不发作型"}, "answer": "PNH不发作型", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "手术前不需要预防性使用抗生素的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "先天性心脏病手术", "B": "肾移植术", "C": "甲状腺瘤切除术", "D": "无张力疝修补术"}, "answer": "甲状腺瘤切除术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "30岁男性患者,病程4个月,头痛发病入院前出现左侧肢体无力和呕吐,入院查体:意识清,眼底视乳头水肿,左上下肢肌力Ⅳ级,腱反射活跃,病理征(+)。1.诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑梗死", "B": "脑出血", "C": "脑水肿", "D": "颅内高压"}, "answer": "颅内高压", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,16岁,左小腿上段肿胀疼痛半年,近1个月来肿胀明显,夜间痛明显。查体:左胫骨上端肿胀严重,压痛明显,浅静脉怒张,扪及-6cm×7cm硬性肿块,固定、边界不清。X线片示左胫骨上段呈虫蚀状溶骨性破坏,骨膜反应明显,可见Codman三角。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左胫骨软骨肉瘤", "B": "左胫骨骨巨细胞瘤恶变", "C": "左胫骨骨肉瘤", "D": "左胫骨骨软骨瘤恶变"}, "answer": "左胫骨骨肉瘤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,45岁,肥胖多年,口渴5个月,尿糖(+),空腹血糖7.9mmol/L,饭后2小时血糖12.1mmol/L。1.本病人可诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾性糖尿", "B": "糖尿病1型", "C": "食后糖尿", "D": "糖尿病2型"}, "answer": "糖尿病2型", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,45岁。上腹痛3天,呕吐,腹胀,血淀粉酶750U(Somogyi),血压80/50mmHg,脉搏120次/分,最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性胰腺炎", "B": "急性心肌梗死", "C": "急性胃炎", "D": "胆囊炎"}, "answer": "急性胰腺炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.与O序列结合(  )。", "options": {"A": "Lac阻遏蛋白", "B": "RNA聚合酶", "C": "分解代谢物基因激活蛋白", "D": "别乳糖"}, "answer": "Lac阻遏蛋白", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.向肝内转运胆固醇的脂蛋白是(  )。", "options": {"A": "VLDL", "B": "LDL", "C": "CM", "D": "HDL"}, "answer": "HDL", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.动脉导管未闭的特征性杂音(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸骨左缘第2~3肋问闻及2/6~3/6级喷射性收缩期杂音", "B": "胸骨左缘第2肋间闻及粗糙响亮的连续性机器样杂音", "C": "胸骨左缘第2~4肋间闻及2/6~3/6级喷射性收缩期杂音", "D": "心尖区闻及3/6~4/6级吹风样收缩期杂音"}, "answer": "胸骨左缘第2肋间闻及粗糙响亮的连续性机器样杂音", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.主要采用放射治疗的甲状腺癌为(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺乳头状腺癌", "B": "甲状腺滤泡状腺癌", "C": "未分化癌", "D": "转移癌"}, "answer": "未分化癌", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "7岁的男孩,眼睑浮肿4天,伴头痛、眼花,尿呈深茶色2天,儿科就诊,2周前曾患扁桃体炎,经用青霉素治疗好转。1.体检重点应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血压", "B": "腹部血管杂音", "C": "尿道口有无红肿", "D": "颈静脉怒张"}, "answer": "血压", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "45岁女性,痛经2年,且进行性加重。服止痛药无缓解。查体:子宫如孕8周,均匀增大,质地硬,可活动。无压痛,骶韧带无增粗,双附件正常。CA125 3.8万U/mL最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫腺肌病", "B": "盆腔子宫内膜异位症", "C": "原发痛经", "D": "子宫肌炎"}, "answer": "子宫腺肌病", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿化脓性脑膜炎,最可靠的诊断依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑脊液细胞数显著增加", "B": "脑脊液外观混浊或脓性", "C": "糖定量降低", "D": "脑脊液检菌阳性"}, "answer": "脑脊液检菌阳性", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "哪种先心病肺循环血量增多,并伴左心房左心室血量增多?(  )", "options": {"A": "法洛四联症", "B": "继发性房间隔缺损", "C": "动脉导管未闭", "D": "原发性房间隔缺损"}, "answer": "动脉导管未闭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在我国,下列哪项钩端螺旋体菌群毒力最强?(  )", "options": {"A": "犬群", "B": "黄疸出血群(赖群)", "C": "波库那群", "D": "七日热群"}, "answer": "黄疸出血群(赖群)", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.阿米巴肝脓肿的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆囊肿大", "B": "甲胎蛋白阳性", "C": "右上腹绞痛及黄疸", "D": "肝穿刺抽出棕褐色脓液"}, "answer": "肝穿刺抽出棕褐色脓液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "根据《医疗事故处理条例》的规定,下列情况中属于二级医疗事故的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "轻度残疾或者器官组织损伤导致严重功能障碍", "B": "中度残疾或者器官组织损伤导致一般功能障碍", "C": "中度残疾或者器官组织损伤导致严重功能障碍", "D": "造成明显人身损害的其他后果"}, "answer": "中度残疾或者器官组织损伤导致严重功能障碍", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述做法中不违背医学伦理学无伤害(不伤害)原则的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "因急于手术抢救患者,未由家属或患者签协议书", "B": "造成本可避免的残疾", "C": "发生故意伤害", "D": "造成本可避免的人格伤害"}, "answer": "因急于手术抢救患者,未由家属或患者签协议书", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "脑梗死病人CT扫描图像为(  )。", "options": {"A": "起病后即可见异常低密度影", "B": "起病24~48小时后可见异常低密度影", "C": "起病后即可见异常高密度影", "D": "起病24~48小时后可见异常高密度影"}, "answer": "起病24~48小时后可见异常低密度影", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "编码HLA-Ⅱ类抗原的基因位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "HLA-B", "B": "HLA-C", "C": "HLA-D", "D": "HLA-F"}, "answer": "HLA-D", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪项可引起静脉回心血量减少?(  )", "options": {"A": "心脏收缩力量增强", "B": "平卧体位", "C": "骨骼肌节律舒缩", "D": "呼气动作"}, "answer": "呼气动作", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "激活糜蛋白酶原的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胰蛋白酶", "B": "盐酸", "C": "组胺", "D": "辅酯酶"}, "answer": "胰蛋白酶", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1岁小儿,血压11/8kPa,面及四肢明显凹陷性浮肿,腹膨隆,移动性浊音(+),Hb125g/L,胆固醇7.2mmol/L,血浆蛋白42g/L,白蛋白18g/L,BUN5.3mmol/L,尿蛋白(++++),RBC偶见/HP。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾炎", "B": "单纯型肾病", "C": "肾炎型肾病", "D": "慢性肾炎急性发作"}, "answer": "单纯型肾病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,25岁。妊娠26周。颈部增粗伴憋气1个月。查体:P 110次/分,BP 110/70mmHg。甲状腺Ⅲ度肿大,气管左偏。实验室检查:T3、T4高于正常。首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服甲状腺素片", "B": "同位素131I治疗", "C": "外放射治疗", "D": "手术治疗"}, "answer": "手术治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不能列为甲状腺大部切除术适应证的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "继发性甲亢或高功能腺瘤", "B": "青少年甲亢患者", "C": "有压迫症状或胸骨后甲状腺肿伴甲亢", "D": "抗甲状腺药物或碘治疗复发者"}, "answer": "青少年甲亢患者", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.中心静脉压高,血压低提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "血容量不足", "B": "容量血管过度收缩", "C": "心功能不全或血容量相对过多", "D": "心功能不全或血容量不足"}, "answer": "心功能不全或血容量相对过多", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.炎症后期,病灶内组织由同种细胞修复,称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "化生", "B": "增生", "C": "再生", "D": "萎缩"}, "answer": "再生", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "现代临终关怀事业的创立者是(  )。", "options": {"A": "南丁格尔", "B": "桑德斯", "C": "罗纳德", "D": "约翰"}, "answer": "桑德斯", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.Ⅱ期淋巴瘤(  )。", "options": {"A": "病变仅限于一个解剖部位", "B": "病变累及左腋下淋巴结及肝脏", "C": "病变累及右锁骨上淋巴结和左腋下,并伴有高热", "D": "病变累及左颈及纵隔淋巴结"}, "answer": "病变累及左颈及纵隔淋巴结", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,32岁,近2个月上床后近2小时方能人睡,每周3或4次,只能睡眠2~4小时,晨起后感觉疲乏,精神不振,诊断为失眠症。2.对慢性失眠症的治疗,下述哪一种叙述是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "强调定时作息", "B": "入夜后避免用浓茶、咖啡", "C": "应该躺着阅读书刊", "D": "尽量改善周围环境"}, "answer": "应该躺着阅读书刊", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,40岁,腰痛伴右下肢放射痛2个月,反复发作,与劳累有关,咳嗽、用力排便时可加重疼痛。查体:右直腿抬高试验阳性,加强试验阳性。X线片示L4椎间隙变窄。3.其右下肢麻木的区域可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "小腿外侧或足背", "B": "大腿前侧", "C": "小腿后侧及足底", "D": "臀部及大腿后侧"}, "answer": "小腿外侧或足背", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,50岁。活动后胸闷1年,夜间阵发性呼吸困难4天。查体:BP 130/80mmHg,P2亢进,心尖部可闻及舒张期隆隆样杂音,余瓣膜区未闻及杂音。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动脉瓣关闭不全", "B": "主动脉瓣狭窄", "C": "室间隔缺损", "D": "二尖瓣狭窄"}, "answer": "二尖瓣狭窄", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者左侧面部痛觉减退,左侧直接角膜反射消失,间接角膜反射存在,张口时,下颌左偏,病损位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "左侧三叉神经", "B": "右侧面神经", "C": "左侧面神经", "D": "右侧三叉神经"}, "answer": "左侧三叉神经", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "当抑郁和焦虑严重程度主次分不清时,优先考虑的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑郁的诊断", "B": "焦虑的诊断", "C": "其他诊断", "D": "暂不诊断,观察"}, "answer": "抑郁的诊断", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者女性,18岁,诊断为弥漫性甲状腺肿,治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "服碘", "B": "手术", "C": "131I碘治疗", "D": "服小剂量甲状腺素"}, "answer": "服小剂量甲状腺素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "体内肌肉能量的储存形式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ATP", "B": "CTP", "C": "磷酸肌酸", "D": "磷酸烯醇或丙酮酸"}, "answer": "磷酸肌酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "脑复苏治疗重点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "促进脑细胞功能恢复", "B": "防治脑水肿", "C": "降低大脑耗氧量", "D": "降低脑细胞能量消耗"}, "answer": "防治脑水肿", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于骨折的临床表现,下列哪项描述是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "只要发现骨折专有体征的其中一项,即可做出骨折的明确诊断", "B": "骨折时可以没有骨擦音或骨擦感", "C": "临床未见有骨折专有体征时,也可能有骨折", "D": "检查可疑骨折病人时,应尽量诱发骨擦音或骨擦感的出现,以明确诊断"}, "answer": "检查可疑骨折病人时,应尽量诱发骨擦音或骨擦感的出现,以明确诊断", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.胎心减速出现在宫缩峰后,下降慢持续时间长,恢复慢,临床提示的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎儿受镇静药物影响", "B": "宫缩时脐带受压", "C": "胎儿缺氧", "D": "胎儿状况良好"}, "answer": "胎儿缺氧", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "接触麻疹几日内采取被动免疫措施有预防麻疹的作用(  )。", "options": {"A": "3天", "B": "5天", "C": "10天", "D": "14天"}, "answer": "5天", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,25岁,半年来苍白无力。血红蛋白70g/L,白细胞、血小板正常,血清铁300μg/L,骨髓铁阴性,诊断为缺铁性贫血,经口服铁剂治疗3周后无效。其原因除哪项外均有可能(  )。", "options": {"A": "诊断不正确", "B": "出血不止", "C": "未按医嘱服药", "D": "存在干扰铁利用的因素"}, "answer": "诊断不正确", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.体格检查的伦理要求是(  )。", "options": {"A": "积极进取,保证安全", "B": "精诚团结,密切协作", "C": "耐心倾听,正确引导", "D": "关心体贴,减少痛苦"}, "answer": "关心体贴,减少痛苦", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不符合脑膜炎球菌标本采集与送检要求的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "采集标本应注意无菌操作", "B": "一般应在使用抗菌药物之前采集标本", "C": "采集的标本要立即送检", "D": "标本送检过程要保持低温和干燥"}, "answer": "标本送检过程要保持低温和干燥", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪一项不是幼儿期的保健重点?(  )", "options": {"A": "防止意外事故", "B": "预防风湿热", "C": "防止营养缺乏", "D": "培养良好进食习惯"}, "answer": "预防风湿热", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项为医务人员共同的首要义务和天职?(  )", "options": {"A": "维护病人的利益和社会公益", "B": "维护医务人员和医院的声誉", "C": "维护医务人员和医院的经济效益", "D": "维护医务人员和医院的自身利益"}, "answer": "维护病人的利益和社会公益", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,24岁。咽痛2周后出现肉眼血尿,尿RBC满视野,尿蛋白定量0.9g/d,肾功能及血压正常,ANA(-)。2.其最可能诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急进性肾小球肾炎", "B": "慢性肾小球肾炎", "C": "急性肾小球肾炎", "D": "IgA肾病"}, "answer": "急性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,23岁,交通事故伤及左季肋部。自述左季肋部疼痛,后疼痛缓解,3日后突发腹痛加剧,出现失血性休克。查体:全腹压痛、反跳痛及肌紧张。最可能诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝破裂", "B": "肠穿孔", "C": "延迟性脾破裂", "D": "肠梗阻"}, "answer": "延迟性脾破裂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4岁男孩,妈妈在给穿衣服时牵拉左腕。患儿突然大哭,左肘功能障碍,左手不肯拿取玩物。1.可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左肱骨髁上骨折", "B": "左肱骨内髁撕脱骨折", "C": "左肱骨外髁撕脱骨折", "D": "左桡骨头半脱位"}, "answer": "左桡骨头半脱位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,45岁,心悸、乏力1年余,进行性加重,未就诊;1周前发热,T 37.6~38℃,伴咳嗽、咳黄粘痰,口服止咳祛痰药物效果不佳,3天来症状加重,体温持续39℃以上,并出现恶心、呕吐、腹泻,痰黄脓,气急加重。查体:T 39.8℃,P 150次份,R 32次/分.BP 11/5kPa;消瘦,意识模糊,烦躁不安,巩膜轻度黄染,甲状腺Ⅰ度肿大,可闻血管杂音,无震颤。两肺可闻多量干湿性啰音,心界不大,心率164次/分,律不整,第一心音亢进,心尖部可闻Ⅱ级收缩期吹风样杂音,腹(-);下肢无水肿。1.该病人应尽快作以下检查(  )。", "options": {"A": "TRAb", "B": "T3,T4", "C": "TSH", "D": "rT3"}, "answer": "T3,T4", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.易阻碍受精卵着床导致不孕的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阔韧带肌瘤", "B": "黏膜下肌瘤", "C": "宫颈肌瘤", "D": "肌壁间肌瘤"}, "answer": "黏膜下肌瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.室间隔缺损X线检查可见(  )。", "options": {"A": "右房、右室大", "B": "左、右室大,左房右房也大", "C": "左房、左室大", "D": "左、右室大、左房也大"}, "answer": "左、右室大、左房也大", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.卡比多巴的作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "促进DA神经元释放DA,抑制DA摄取", "B": "抑制外周多巴脱羧酶,增强左旋多巴疗效", "C": "在脑内转变为DA,补充纹状体中DA的不足", "D": "兴奋中枢胆碱受体"}, "answer": "抑制外周多巴脱羧酶,增强左旋多巴疗效", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以下不属于消化性溃疡手术治疗指征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "常于夜间发作腹痛", "B": "十二指肠溃疡合并幽门梗阻", "C": "饱餐后胃溃疡穿孔", "D": "胃巨大溃疡"}, "answer": "常于夜间发作腹痛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,21岁。近6个月来在家中闭门不出,认为有人在拿自己做试验,用射线照射自己,有人监控自己,使自己活不下去了,只有躲在家中才安全。既往体健,无精神病家族史。该患者的主要症状为(  )。", "options": {"A": "关系妄想", "B": "夸大妄想", "C": "疑病妄想", "D": "被害妄想"}, "answer": "被害妄想", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,50岁。左胸闷气2个月,胸痛20天,夜间重。查体:颜面、颈部及胸壁略肿胀,胸壁静脉曲张,腋下有一拇指大小的淋巴结,无压痛,活动尚好,心率108次/分,律整,左肺呼吸音消失。2.为明确诊断,该患者需要检查(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部CT", "B": "胸腔积液脱落细胞检查", "C": "心电图-心功能检查", "D": "胸腔积液抗酸杆菌涂片"}, "answer": "胸腔积液脱落细胞检查", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项为医学伦理学中最古老、最有生命力的医德范畴?(  )", "options": {"A": "医疗保密", "B": "医疗权利", "C": "医疗荣誉", "D": "医疗义务"}, "answer": "医疗保密", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,29岁,突发四肢乏力不适1天,下肢明显。发病前有饮酒史,既往曾发作2次,每次发作腰穿检查脑脊液常规及生化无异常发现。体检:四肢肌力减低,肌张力下降,腱反射消失,感觉正常。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性多发性神经根炎", "B": "急性脊髓炎", "C": "周期性瘫痪", "D": "颈椎病"}, "answer": "周期性瘫痪", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于蛋白质理化性质的描述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "变性后溶解度提高", "B": "溶液pH值为等电点时形成兼性离子", "C": "复性时产生分子杂交", "D": "溶于高浓度乙醇"}, "answer": "溶液pH值为等电点时形成兼性离子", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1岁小儿,诊断为营养性贫血,血常规检查结果如下:Hb80g/L,MCV98fl,MCH33pg,MCH32%。最适宜的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "输血", "B": "口服铁剂", "C": "口服维生素C", "D": "肌注维生素B12"}, "answer": "肌注维生素B12", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于体液的叙述,哪项是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "细胞内液量在男性约占体重的40%,绝大多数存在于骨骼肌中", "B": "血浆约占体重的10%", "C": "脑脊液、关节液、消化液等属于功能性细胞外液", "D": "细胞外液和细胞内液的渗透压一般为260~280mmol/L"}, "answer": "细胞内液量在男性约占体重的40%,绝大多数存在于骨骼肌中", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某女性患者,45岁。体检结果显示:血压180/100mmHg,体重68kg,身高160cm(BMI=26.6),甘油三酯4.5mmol/L,胆固醇5.1mmol/L。1.该女患者营养状况判断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肥胖", "B": "严重肥胖", "C": "超重", "D": "正常"}, "answer": "超重", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "统计学中所说的样本是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "从总体中随意抽取的一部分", "B": "按研究者的需要选取有意义的一部分", "C": "特别从总体中选择的典型部分", "D": "从总体中随机抽取有代表性的一部分"}, "answer": "从总体中随机抽取有代表性的一部分", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是易出现逆行性遗忘症状的疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑外伤", "B": "精神分裂症", "C": "老年性痴呆", "D": "抑郁症"}, "answer": "脑外伤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列恶性肿瘤中,应用化疗疗效最好的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝癌", "B": "睾丸精原细胞癌", "C": "胃癌", "D": "肾母细胞癌"}, "answer": "睾丸精原细胞癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪一种激素不是由腺垂体合成、分泌的?(  )", "options": {"A": "促肾上腺皮质激素", "B": "生长激素", "C": "宫缩素", "D": "催乳素"}, "answer": "宫缩素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "正常足月儿的皮肤外观特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肤色苍白,皮下脂肪丰满", "B": "肤色稍黄,皮下脂肪少", "C": "肤色红润,皮下脂肪丰满", "D": "肤色稍黄,毳毛少"}, "answer": "肤色红润,皮下脂肪丰满", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.胸腔积液量约400ml(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线示肋膈角变钝", "B": "X线示大片状、边缘模糊阴影", "C": "X线示凸面指向肺内呈“D”形阴影", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "X线示肋膈角变钝", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "大叶性肺炎时肺肉质变的发生主要是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤维素渗出太多", "B": "病变范围广", "C": "细菌毒力过强", "D": "吞噬细胞少及功能缺陷"}, "answer": "吞噬细胞少及功能缺陷", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.临床按颈动脉窦治疗阵发性室上性心动过速的直接作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心交感神经冲动增多", "B": "交感缩血管纤维冲动增多", "C": "心迷走神经冲动增多", "D": "窦神经冲动增多"}, "answer": "心迷走神经冲动增多", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "静脉注射去甲肾上腺素后,出现血压升高,心率减慢,后者出现的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "去甲肾上腺素对血管的抑制作用", "B": "去甲肾上腺对心脏的抑制作用", "C": "降压反射活动加强", "D": "大脑皮质心血管中枢活动减弱"}, "answer": "降压反射活动加强", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,28岁。发热,咳嗽2个月,胸部X线片示左上肺不规则斑片状阴影,予抗结核治疗1月余。查体:T 36.5℃。巩膜稍黄染。双肺未闻及干湿啰音。WBC 4.3×109/L,N 0.55。肝功能检查示:ALT,AST正常。总胆红素40.6μmol/L。直接胆红素17.8μmol/L。该患者目前应首先停用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "利福平", "B": "吡嗪酰胺", "C": "乙胺丁醇", "D": "链霉素"}, "answer": "利福平", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医疗单位和个人发现传染病病人或者疑似传染病病人时,应及时向(  )。", "options": {"A": "国务院卫生行政部门报告", "B": "省级卫生行政部门报告", "C": "附近的疾病预防控制机构或医疗机构报告", "D": "省级疾病预防控制机构"}, "answer": "附近的疾病预防控制机构或医疗机构报告", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "确诊流行性乙型脑炎常检查的抗体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "特异性IgM抗体", "B": "血凝抑制抗体", "C": "血凝素抗体", "D": "中和抗体"}, "answer": "特异性IgM抗体", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.凡发生医疗事故或事件,临床诊断不能明确死亡原因的,患者死亡后对其进行尸检的期限要求是(  )。", "options": {"A": "24小时内", "B": "48小时内", "C": "30日内", "D": "45日内"}, "answer": "48小时内", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪项代表体内贮存铁减少?(  )", "options": {"A": "总铁结合力增高", "B": "血清铁蛋白减低", "C": "血清铁减少", "D": "血象可见血红蛋白降低"}, "answer": "血清铁蛋白减低", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "人正常生活的最基本的心理条件是(  )。", "options": {"A": "情绪稳定", "B": "人格完整", "C": "智力正常", "D": "适应环境"}, "answer": "智力正常", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.老年男性,无痛性肉眼血尿,有血块,应先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性膀胱炎", "B": "急性肾盂肾炎", "C": "泌尿系结核", "D": "膀胱肿瘤"}, "answer": "膀胱肿瘤", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "经典途径激活补体的抗原抗体复合物(  )。", "options": {"A": "SIgA与抗原组成的复合物", "B": "1个IgM与抗原组成的复合物", "C": "1个IgG与抗原组成的复合物", "D": "1个IgE与抗原组成的复合物"}, "answer": "1个IgM与抗原组成的复合物", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "ITP首选治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大剂量丙种球蛋白", "B": "脾切除", "C": "糖皮质激素", "D": "长春新碱"}, "answer": "糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "细菌性痢疾时,肠道的典型病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "浆液性炎", "B": "纤维素性炎", "C": "蜂窝织炎", "D": "肉芽肿性炎"}, "answer": "纤维素性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,67岁,双下肢水肿1个月,既往高血压病史15年,未规范用药治疗,查体:BP 160/100mmHg,双下肢轻度凹陷性水肿,实验室检查:血肌酐97μmol/L,血钾3.4mmol/L,尿蛋白。应首选的降压药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "钙通道阻滞剂", "B": "α受体拮抗剂", "C": "噻嗪类利尿剂", "D": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂"}, "answer": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,25岁。产后7个月,哺乳。厌食1周。妇科检查子宫软,如妊娠42天大小,人工流产术中,探针探宫腔深度15cm,患者无明显腹痛,无阴道流血。1.此时,患者出现的情况可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫畸形", "B": "子宫肥大", "C": "子宫肌瘤", "D": "子宫穿孔"}, "answer": "子宫穿孔", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.精神分裂症情感障碍特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "情感低落", "B": "情感淡漠", "C": "情感低落伴有焦虑症状", "D": "情感高涨"}, "answer": "情感淡漠", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,32岁。突发上腹剧痛2小时,蔓延至右下腹及全腹。既往有“胃痛”病史十余年,未诊治。查体:板块腹,压痛、反跳痛(+),肝浊音界消失。4.非手术治疗中最重要的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低压灌肠", "B": "胃肠减压", "C": "洗胃", "D": "抗生素治疗"}, "answer": "胃肠减压", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "本能冲动和被压抑愿望属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "潜意识冲突", "B": "前意识冲突", "C": "下意识冲突", "D": "意识控制"}, "answer": "潜意识冲突", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,24岁。停经45天,诊断为早期妊娠。在行负压吸宫术时,突然出现面色苍白、出汗、头晕、胸闷,体检血压80∕50mmHg,心率40次/分。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "漏吸", "B": "子宫穿孔", "C": "人工流产综合反映", "D": "仰卧位低血压综合征"}, "answer": "人工流产综合反映", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是肿瘤转移的确切依据?(  )", "options": {"A": "肿瘤细胞侵入静脉", "B": "肿瘤细胞侵入动脉", "C": "肿瘤细胞出现在血液中", "D": "在远隔器官形成与原发瘤同一组织学类型的肿瘤"}, "answer": "在远隔器官形成与原发瘤同一组织学类型的肿瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "25岁初产妇,妊娠40周,规律宫缩4小时,枕左前位,估计胎儿体重3000g,胎心140次/分。阴道检查:宫口开大3cm,未破膜,S+,骨盆外测量未见异常。2.若此后宫缩逐渐减弱,产程达16小时,胎膜已破,宫口开大7cm,此时恰当处理应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静注地西泮", "B": "静脉滴注缩宫素", "C": "静脉注射麦角新碱", "D": "立即行剖宫产术"}, "answer": "静脉滴注缩宫素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.网膜囊即为(  )。", "options": {"A": "左肝上前间隙", "B": "左肝上后间隙", "C": "右肝下后间隙", "D": "右肝上间隙"}, "answer": "左肝上前间隙", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.参与转氨基的维生素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素B6", "B": "维生素PP", "C": "叶酸", "D": "泛酸"}, "answer": "维生素B6", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.手术器械和静脉输液使用(  )。", "options": {"A": "煮沸法", "B": "高压蒸气灭菌法", "C": "紫外线消毒法", "D": "过滤除菌法"}, "answer": "高压蒸气灭菌法", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男孩,5岁,突起高热、畏寒3天,伴左膝关节肿痛就诊。查体:左侧膝关节明显红肿、压痛,活动时疼痛剧烈,浮髌试验(+)。下述处理哪一项欠佳?(  )", "options": {"A": "局部固定", "B": "关节内注射抗生素", "C": "全身支持疗法", "D": "切开引流"}, "answer": "切开引流", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.手术间的消毒宜采用(  )。", "options": {"A": "干烤", "B": "滤过除菌", "C": "紫外线", "D": "煮沸消毒"}, "answer": "紫外线", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于促胃液素的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "产生促胃液素的细胞存在于胃体和胃底黏膜内", "B": "蛋白质消化产物及HCl是引起促胃液素释放的主要因素", "C": "促胃液素对壁细胞有很强的刺激分泌作用", "D": "促胃液素的最小活性片段是其N端的4个氨基酸"}, "answer": "促胃液素对壁细胞有很强的刺激分泌作用", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.在肌紧张反射中,脊髓前角运动神经(  )。", "options": {"A": "感受器", "B": "传入神经元", "C": "传出神经元", "D": "效应器"}, "answer": "传入神经元", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,32岁。支气管哮喘20年。喘息加重1周,意识恍惚1天来急诊。查体:T 37.5℃,P 94次/分。面色暗红,口唇发绀。可见胸腹矛盾运动,双肺呼吸音低,可闻及低调哮鸣音。2.该患者首选的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大剂量糖皮质激素静脉点滴", "B": "气管插管、机械通气", "C": "β2受体激动剂雾化吸入", "D": "无创通气"}, "answer": "气管插管、机械通气", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.一般佝偻病患儿治疗性服用维生素D的剂量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2000~4000IU/d", "B": "400IU/d", "C": "20~30万IU/次", "D": "30~60万IU/次"}, "answer": "2000~4000IU/d", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.胎产式是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎儿纵轴与母体纵轴的关系", "B": "胎儿先露部的指示点与母体骨盆的关系", "C": "胎儿位置与母体骨盆的关系", "D": "最先进入骨盆入口的胎儿部分"}, "answer": "胎儿纵轴与母体纵轴的关系", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "新生儿生后1分钟检查,皮肤苍白,无呼吸和心跳,肌张力松弛,弹足底无反应。其Apgar评分为(  )。", "options": {"A": "0分", "B": "3分", "C": "2分", "D": "1分"}, "answer": "0分", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男婴,生后24天,近4天哭闹剧烈,拒乳,呕吐1天,抽搐3次人院,患儿生后无窒息史。查体:体温不升,反应差,消瘦,脐部见少量脓性分泌物,前囟膨满,双眼凝视,心肺正常,脑膜刺激征(-)。3.为了明确是否发生了并发症应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "查瞳孔的大小,做对光反射", "B": "腰穿,查脑脊液", "C": "做颅骨透照检查", "D": "血生化检查"}, "answer": "做颅骨透照检查", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男性,55岁,因神志不清3小时入院,家中生煤火,室内有农药瓶,既往患有糖尿病15年。2.如果怀疑为一氧化碳中毒,下一步应做什么检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "血中碳氧血红蛋白饱和度", "B": "血气分析", "C": "血液粘稠度", "D": "血小板计数"}, "answer": "血中碳氧血红蛋白饱和度", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列引起日本血吸虫病早期的病理变化的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "虫卵", "B": "子胞虫", "C": "田胞蚴", "D": "尾虫蚴"}, "answer": "虫卵", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "36岁男性,翻车肩部外伤,半小时后来院,查左锁骨中外1/3处明显畸形,局部肿胀明显,瘀血,桡动脉搏动触不到,手部发凉,皮色苍白,血压80/40mmHg。1.该患者应首先做的处置是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即拍照X线片", "B": "做血管造影", "C": "立即补液,输血", "D": "整复骨折,固定"}, "answer": "立即补液,输血", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,38岁。体检发现肝大,肝肋下2cm,质地中等,表面光滑,边缘整齐无触痛,肝功能检查正常。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性肝炎", "B": "肝硬化", "C": "包虫病", "D": "肝腺瘤"}, "answer": "肝硬化", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "正常儿,前囟约0.5cm×0.5cm,出牙8个,体重10kg,开始能独走,能叫出物品名字,指出自己的手、眼,其月龄大约为(  )。", "options": {"A": "8个月", "B": "6个月", "C": "12个月", "D": "16个月"}, "answer": "12个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哪项是临床诊疗最优化原则的具体标准?(  )", "options": {"A": "选择设备最先进的医院治疗", "B": "选择学术水平最高的医院治疗", "C": "选择医术高明的医生治疗", "D": "痛苦最小,耗费最少,疗效最佳,安全无害"}, "answer": "痛苦最小,耗费最少,疗效最佳,安全无害", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.胰头十二指肠切除术后,持续胃肠减压数周,无排气,腹部无压痛,肠鸣音减弱,T波低平(  )。", "options": {"A": "低钾血症", "B": "高渗性缺水", "C": "水过多", "D": "低钙血症"}, "answer": "低钾血症", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "典型的矽肺最重要和最常见的X线表现(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺的阴影增大", "B": "肺纹理增多、增粗", "C": "密度较高的圆形和类圆形的阴影", "D": "双肺大疱"}, "answer": "密度较高的圆形和类圆形的阴影", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "缺铁性贫血的改变顺序是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低血清铁—贫血—骨髓贮存铁减少", "B": "骨髓贮存铁减少—贫血—低血清铁", "C": "贫血—骨髓贮存铁减少—低血清铁", "D": "骨髓贮存铁减少—低血清铁—贫血"}, "answer": "骨髓贮存铁减少—低血清铁—贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "35岁男性,右膝关节内侧疼痛,肿胀半年,曾在外院拍X片,见有胫骨上端内侧有一5cm×4cm大小透光区,中间有肥皂泡沫阴影,骨端膨大。近1月来肿胀明显加重,夜间疼痛难忍,右膝关节活动受限。入院后X线片是胫骨上端病变扩大,肥皂泡沫阴影,呈云雾状阴影,病变侵入软组织。2.下列治疗措施哪项最合适(  )。", "options": {"A": "病灶刮除+植骨", "B": "广泛切除+大块骨或假体植入", "C": "截肢", "D": "放射治疗或化疗"}, "answer": "截肢", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有关梗死叙述,哪项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "全身血液循环状态对梗死发生无影响", "B": "双重血循环的器官不易发生梗死", "C": "有效的侧支循环的建立可防止梗死发生", "D": "梗死多由动脉阻塞引起"}, "answer": "全身血液循环状态对梗死发生无影响", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "大部分真核生物的mRNA的3′末端具有的结构是(  )。", "options": {"A": "PolyA", "B": "PolyU", "C": "PolyG", "D": "PolyC"}, "answer": "PolyA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,11岁,小学五年级学生,以往成绩优良。近1个月来上课做小动作,走路不稳,握笔困难,不能完成作业。3个月前曾患猩红热。体检:右侧面部肌肉不自主抽动,肢体无意识地舞动,肌张力稍低,Barbinski征阴性,心率110次/min,心尖区2/6级收缩期杂音。3.下列治疗错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "绝对卧床休息", "B": "细心护理", "C": "口服苯巴比妥", "D": "口服苯妥英钠"}, "answer": "口服苯妥英钠", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "由于女方原因而实施体外受精-胚胎移植技术,可能产生的伦理问题不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "代孕技术是否允许", "B": "精子、卵子、胚胎是否商品化", "C": "对胎儿进行非医学目的的性别鉴定", "D": "婴儿与亲代关系模糊"}, "answer": "对胎儿进行非医学目的的性别鉴定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "通常静脉营养液中的氮卡比(氮:热量)(g:kcal)为(  )。", "options": {"A": "1:100", "B": "1:150", "C": "1:200", "D": "1:250"}, "answer": "1:150", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不能判断风湿活动性的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热,乏力", "B": "血沉增快", "C": "ASO增高", "D": "心电图示P-R延长"}, "answer": "ASO增高", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于流产的治疗原则,下列哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "难免流产应行刮宫术", "B": "患者自述阴道有组织物从阴道内排出,但阴道流血未见减少,应行刮宫", "C": "感染性流产出血不多,应抗感染及刮宫同时进行", "D": "子宫颈内口松弛者,应在妊娠16~22周时行子宫颈内口缝扎术"}, "answer": "感染性流产出血不多,应抗感染及刮宫同时进行", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不属于骨盆底外层范畴肌肉的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "球状海绵体肌", "B": "坐骨海绵体肌", "C": "肛门外括约肌", "D": "会阴深横肌"}, "answer": "会阴深横肌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,29岁。间断腹痛、腹泻、黏液血便1年,加重2周,大便10余次。静滴左氧氟沙星及甲硝唑10天后症状无好转,T 39℃,Hb 75g/L,粪便培养未见致病菌生长。结肠镜示全结肠弥漫性充血、水肿,伴糜烂及不规则浅溃疡,病理为重度慢性炎症,隐窝脓肿形成。1.该患者首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠结核", "B": "溃疡性结肠炎", "C": "肠易激综合征", "D": "慢性细菌性痢疾"}, "answer": "溃疡性结肠炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,20岁。突发下腹部疼痛伴恶心、呕吐8小时,直肠腹部诊:子宫前倾,正常大小,右侧附件区可触及一8cm×7cm×5cm囊实性包块,边界清楚,触痛明显。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卵巢肿瘤蒂扭转", "B": "急性阑尾炎", "C": "输卵管妊娠破裂", "D": "浆膜下子宫肿瘤"}, "answer": "卵巢肿瘤蒂扭转", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "中年女性,40岁,被歹徒用棍棒击中右小腿中部,X片示中1/3骨折,手法复位后石膏外固定,5小时后小腿肿胀明显,足背动脉搏动消失,末梢循环差,牵拉其足趾剧痛,此时哪项处理方法最适合(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即切开深筋膜,打开骨筋膜室,减压", "B": "给予脱水药", "C": "患肢抬高", "D": "下肢静脉泵治疗"}, "answer": "立即切开深筋膜,打开骨筋膜室,减压", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.胃肠绞痛病人可选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "新斯的明", "B": "氯解磷定", "C": "阿托品", "D": "异丙肾上腺素"}, "answer": "阿托品", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "至少符合下列哪种情况才能参加执业医师资格考试(  )。", "options": {"A": "具有医学专业本科以上学历,在医疗机构中工作满一年", "B": "具有医学专业本科以上学历,在医疗机构中试用期满一年", "C": "具有医学专业专科学历,在医疗机构中试用期满一年", "D": "具有医学专业专科学历,在医疗机构中工作满一年"}, "answer": "具有医学专业本科以上学历,在医疗机构中试用期满一年", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "病人在饮食中尝到一种奇怪特殊的味道,实际不存在,这种现象是(  )。", "options": {"A": "幻触", "B": "幻味", "C": "幻嗅", "D": "错觉"}, "answer": "幻味", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.哪项是辅酶A中所含的维生素?(  )", "options": {"A": "泛酸", "B": "维生素B2", "C": "维生素B1", "D": "维生素PP"}, "answer": "泛酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不符合结核性胸腔积液的表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸液LDH明显增加", "B": "胸液中单核细胞比例增加", "C": "血性胸液", "D": "胸液总蛋白水平显著下降"}, "answer": "胸液总蛋白水平显著下降", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪项是早期矽结节中的细胞?(  )", "options": {"A": "单核细胞", "B": "淋巴细胞", "C": "巨噬细胞", "D": "嗜酸粒细胞"}, "answer": "巨噬细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症发生惊厥是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "血钾浓度降低", "B": "血钙浓度降低", "C": "血磷浓度降低", "D": "血镁浓度降低"}, "answer": "血钙浓度降低", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,45岁。发热、咳脓痰l周,胸部X线片示右下叶背段浸润阴影。用头孢呋辛治疗体温稍下降,但痰量增多,为脓血痰,有臭味。1周后复查胸部X线片示;大片浸润阴影中出现空洞。1.治疗中需加用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿米卡星", "B": "左氧氟沙星", "C": "甲硝唑", "D": "红霉素"}, "answer": "甲硝唑", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "第一产程活跃期的加速期,是指宫口扩张(  )。", "options": {"A": "3~4cm", "B": "4~6cm", "C": "4~9cm", "D": "7~8cm"}, "answer": "3~4cm", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于地西泮的叙述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌内注射吸收慢而不规则", "B": "较大剂量易引起全身麻醉", "C": "可用于治疗癫痫持续状态", "D": "其代谢产物也有生物活性"}, "answer": "较大剂量易引起全身麻醉", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "股骨干下1/3骨折时骨折端移位方向是(  )。", "options": {"A": "近折端向前上移位,远折端向前方移位", "B": "近折端向前上移位,远折端向后方移位", "C": "近折端向后上移位,远折端向前方移位", "D": "近折端向后下移位,远折端向内侧移位"}, "answer": "近折端向前上移位,远折端向后方移位", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,30岁,劳动中突感剧烈头痛、呕吐,一度意识不清,醒后颈枕部痛,右侧眼睑下垂,右瞳孔大、颈强。克氏征阳性。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑出血、脑疝", "B": "急性脑膜炎", "C": "小脑出血", "D": "蛛网膜下腔出血"}, "answer": "蛛网膜下腔出血", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "低渗性缺水引起体液容量的变化为(  )。", "options": {"A": "只有血浆减少", "B": "血浆、组织间液都减少,以血浆减少为主", "C": "血浆、组织间液都减少,以组织间液减少为主", "D": "以血液浓缩为主"}, "answer": "血浆、组织间液都减少,以组织间液减少为主", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "16岁女孩,左小腿上段肿胀疼痛半年,近1个月来肿胀明显,夜间痛明显。查体:左胫骨上端肿胀严重,压痛明显,浅静脉怒张,扪及一6cm×7cm硬性肿块,固定,边界不清。X线片示左胫骨上段呈虫蚀状溶骨性破坏,骨膜反应明显,可见Codman三角。2.在住院手术治疗前,应常规行下列哪项检查(  )。", "options": {"A": "头颅CT", "B": "胃肠道钡餐检查", "C": "胸部X线摄片", "D": "骨髓穿刺"}, "answer": "胸部X线摄片", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "生物氧化是指生物体内(  )。", "options": {"A": "加氧反应", "B": "释出电子的反应", "C": "与氧分子结合的反应", "D": "营养物氧化成H2O和CO2的过程"}, "answer": "营养物氧化成H2O和CO2的过程", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2:3:1含钠液下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "5%葡萄糖液3份", "B": "0.9%氯化钠溶液2份", "C": "1.87%乳酸钠溶液1份", "D": "1.2%氯化钾溶液1份"}, "answer": "1.2%氯化钾溶液1份", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,26岁,外伤致肱骨中下1/3骨折,来院检查时发现有垂腕、垂指畸形。2.该患选择哪一种治疗方法痛苦小、稳妥?(  )", "options": {"A": "立即切开复位、内固定,同时探查并修复受损的神经", "B": "手法复位,夹板固定", "C": "手法复位,石膏管型固定", "D": "手法复位,悬垂石膏固定,观察2个月,垂腕垂指无恢复,再行手术治疗"}, "answer": "手法复位,悬垂石膏固定,观察2个月,垂腕垂指无恢复,再行手术治疗", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "衣原体与细菌的不同点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "含有肽聚糖和胞壁酸", "B": "含有两种核酸", "C": "二分裂方式增殖", "D": "专性细胞内寄生"}, "answer": "专性细胞内寄生", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "伤寒患者血培养阳性率最高的时期是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病程第1~2周", "B": "病程第2~3周", "C": "病程第3~4周", "D": "病程第5周"}, "answer": "病程第1~2周", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.1岁时才稳定(  )。", "options": {"A": "第一个条件反射", "B": "兴奋性和抑制性条件反射", "C": "腹壁反射", "D": "握持反射"}, "answer": "腹壁反射", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "造成脑疝常见的原因中不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "外伤所致各种颅内血肿", "B": "颅内脓肿", "C": "颅内寄生虫", "D": "颅底骨折"}, "answer": "颅底骨折", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "9岁患儿,水肿1个月就诊。实验室检查:尿蛋白(+++),24小时尿蛋白定量3.5g,为非选择性蛋白尿,补体C3降低。可能的诊断是。(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾炎型肾病", "B": "急进性肾炎", "C": "IgA肾病", "D": "膜性肾病"}, "answer": "肾炎型肾病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.可结合抗原的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "KIR", "B": "KAR", "C": "TCR", "D": "MBL"}, "answer": "TCR", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.磺胺药的药理作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对病毒感染有效", "B": "对念珠菌属的细菌感染有效", "C": "杀灭结核分枝杆菌", "D": "抑制二氢叶酸合酶活性"}, "answer": "抑制二氢叶酸合酶活性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男孩,2岁,发热、咳嗽4d,咳喘加重1D查体:双肺可闻及散在中小水泡音。血白细胞10×109/L,中性0.65,淋巴0.35。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管肺炎", "B": "毛细支气管炎", "C": "上呼吸道感染", "D": "支气管哮喘"}, "answer": "支气管肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某患者上呼吸道感染静脉滴注青霉素,护士按操作规程给予用药。第二天用完药,患者回到家中感到不适,3小时后加重,急送医院抢救,无效死亡。家属认为是青霉素过敏致死,反映到市卫生局。经市鉴定委员会鉴定,认为医院没有责任,卫生局依此做出处理。1.该患者死亡事件的性质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医疗技术事故", "B": "医疗责任事故", "C": "医疗差错", "D": "医疗意外"}, "answer": "医疗意外", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于联合免疫缺陷病,下述哪项是正确的(  )。", "options": {"A": "其特征为T及B细胞发育障碍", "B": "可为常染色体或X-染色体连锁隐性遗传", "C": "出生后6个月起发病", "D": "以上均正确"}, "answer": "以上均正确", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "Asherman综合征属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫性闭经", "B": "垂体性闭经", "C": "下丘脑性闭经", "D": "精神性闭经"}, "answer": "子宫性闭经", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,78岁。因进行性气短2周就诊,无咳嗽、发热、胸痛。胸部X线片示左侧大量胸腔积液。血WBC 8.9×109/L,N 0.72,Hb 110g/L,ESR 36mm/h。2.假设该患者胸部CT示左侧支气管通畅,左下肺直径2cm分叶状结节影,纵隔可见直径1~2cm的肿大淋巴结,该患者胸腔积液治疗最有效的措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸膜固定术", "B": "手术治疗", "C": "全身化疗", "D": "免疫治疗"}, "answer": "全身化疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医务人员称呼病人的姓名,而避免叫床号,这是为了满足病人的(  )。", "options": {"A": "获取信息的需要", "B": "被关心尊重的需要", "C": "安全需要", "D": "早日康复需要"}, "answer": "被关心尊重的需要", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不影响病人遵医行为的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人的经济状况", "B": "医患关系", "C": "病人的人口统计学特点", "D": "治疗计划特点"}, "answer": "病人的经济状况", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.分泌胆囊收缩素促进胰腺泡细胞分泌消化酶的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "壁细胞", "B": "主细胞", "C": "胃窦黏膜G细胞", "D": "小肠黏膜I细胞"}, "answer": "小肠黏膜I细胞", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "免疫调理作用最强的Ig是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgM", "B": "IgG", "C": "IgD", "D": "IgE"}, "answer": "IgM", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.没有自己独特的理论原理和方法体系,主张依据病人的实际情况从各个流派中选用最适用的理论和技术,属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "认知治疗", "B": "折衷心理治疗", "C": "患者中心治疗", "D": "行为治疗"}, "answer": "折衷心理治疗", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性乳房炎脓肿形成后的主要治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "局部热敷,理疗", "B": "全身应用抗生素", "C": "促使乳汁排出通畅", "D": "切开排脓"}, "answer": "切开排脓", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述对感觉障碍的判断哪一项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "脊髓半侧损害可出现病变平面以下的同侧深感觉障碍,对侧痛温觉障碍", "B": "周围神经末梢性损害可出现四肢远端对称性手套袜套型深浅感觉障碍", "C": "延髓外侧病损可出现同侧面部及对侧躯体的变叉性感觉障碍", "D": "丘脑病损可引起同侧偏身感觉减退或缺失,深感觉障碍重于浅感觉"}, "answer": "丘脑病损可引起同侧偏身感觉减退或缺失,深感觉障碍重于浅感觉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.子宫颈原位癌(  )。", "options": {"A": "多经血道转移", "B": "多经淋巴道转移", "C": "以上三者同时发生", "D": "不转移"}, "answer": "不转移", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.右心衰竭时下肢组织水肿的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛细血管血压升高", "B": "组织液胶体渗透压升高", "C": "组织液静水压降低", "D": "淋巴回流受阻"}, "answer": "毛细血管血压升高", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "色甘酸钠的作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直接松弛支气管平滑肌", "B": "能对抗胆碱等过敏介质的作用", "C": "抑制肥大细胞脱颗粒反应", "D": "阻断M受体"}, "answer": "抑制肥大细胞脱颗粒反应", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列风湿性心肌炎的特点,应除外哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "心肌、心内膜、心包均可受累", "B": "心尖区有收缩期或舒张期杂音", "C": "心瓣膜损害均不可逆", "D": "常伴皮下小结或环形红斑"}, "answer": "心瓣膜损害均不可逆", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "颅内压增高病人的下列症状均有定位意义,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "偏瘫", "B": "失语", "C": "外展神经麻痹", "D": "偏盲"}, "answer": "外展神经麻痹", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是体内肌肉能量的储存形式?(  )", "options": {"A": "ATP", "B": "CTP", "C": "磷酸肌酸", "D": "磷酸烯醇或丙酮酸"}, "answer": "磷酸肌酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.最符合肺小细胞癌组织学特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "形成管状结构", "B": "形成乳头状结构", "C": "有角化珠", "D": "有假菊形团结构"}, "answer": "有假菊形团结构", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.胎先露是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎儿先露部的指示点与母体骨盆的关系", "B": "胎儿位置与母体骨盆的关系", "C": "最先进入骨盆入口的胎儿部分", "D": "胎儿在子宫内的姿势"}, "answer": "最先进入骨盆入口的胎儿部分", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在进行临床疗效评估中错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "让受试者了解分组情况", "B": "临床疗效评估具有可操作性", "C": "临床疗效评估具有较低的可操作成本", "D": "需要获取技术层面的必要支持"}, "answer": "让受试者了解分组情况", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.提早出现P波,在aVR导联直立,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联倒置,PR间期<0.12秒,QRS形态正常(  )。", "options": {"A": "房性期前收缩", "B": "房室交界性期前收缩", "C": "室性期前收缩", "D": "房性期前收缩未下传"}, "answer": "房室交界性期前收缩", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪项是胫骨中下1/3骨折最常见的并发症?(  )", "options": {"A": "骨筋膜室综合征", "B": "损伤性骨化", "C": "血管损伤", "D": "骨折迟延愈合"}, "answer": "骨折迟延愈合", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "终末期慢性肾衰竭的最主要死亡原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脑血管并发症", "B": "严重电解质紊乱", "C": "尿毒症脑病", "D": "继发高血压"}, "answer": "心脑血管并发症", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,55岁。颈部淋巴结进行性肿大2个月,发热2周。发病以来体重减轻14kg。查体:T 38.7℃,双侧颈部和右腋窝均有数个直径2~5cm大小淋巴结,均活动,无压痛,心肺未见异常,腹平软,肝脾肋下未触及,血常规和骨髓检查均未见异常,左颈部淋巴结活检确诊为弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤。3.该患者治疗方案应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "ABVD", "B": "R-CHOP", "C": "MOPP", "D": "DA"}, "answer": "R-CHOP", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "李某是一糖尿病患者,甲医疗机构为其开具治疗糖尿病的药品处方,乙医疗机构是该处方药品的调剂机构,此时处方应由谁妥善保存?(  )", "options": {"A": "甲医疗机构", "B": "乙医疗机构", "C": "患者本人", "D": "甲乙医疗机构共同保管"}, "answer": "乙医疗机构", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿肾病综合征,不常见的并发症为(  )。", "options": {"A": "感染", "B": "电解质紊乱", "C": "高凝状态,血栓形成", "D": "高血压脑病"}, "answer": "高血压脑病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "8月小儿,单纯母乳喂养,未添加辅食,近两个月腹泻,面色逐渐蜡黄,对周围反应差,少哭不笑,并出现头和舌的颤抖,红细胞数2.1×1012/L,血红蛋白85g/L。3.最主要的治疗应该是(  )。", "options": {"A": "二价铁制剂", "B": "维生素B12制剂", "C": "维生素C制剂", "D": "及时添加辅助食品"}, "answer": "维生素B12制剂", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,1岁。发热伴咳喘3d,口周稍青紫。用鼻前庭导管吸氧,氧流量应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "0.5~1L/min", "B": "1.5~2L/min", "C": "2.5~3L/min", "D": "4.5~5L/min"}, "answer": "0.5~1L/min", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于肽的叙述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肽分为寡肽和多肽", "B": "多肽与蛋白质在分子量上很难划出明确界限", "C": "两个以上氨基酸借肽键连接而成的化合物", "D": "肽没有氨基末端和羧基末端"}, "answer": "肽没有氨基末端和羧基末端", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某建筑工人,从高处坠落,腰背挫伤,双下肢弛缓瘫痪,来院急诊。检查见腰部不能活动,双侧腹股沟以下感觉,运动及反射消失。X线显示T12椎体压缩性骨折。入院后2h其双下肢功能逐渐恢复。该患者的脊髓伤可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓震荡", "B": "脊髓出血", "C": "脊髓水肿", "D": "马尾损伤"}, "answer": "脊髓震荡", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有关马斯洛五个需要层次由低到高的顺序.以下正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生理的需要,尊重的需要,安全的需要,爱与被爱的需要,自我实现的需要", "B": "生理的需要,尊重的需要,爱与被爱的需要,安全的需要,自我实现的需要", "C": "生理的需要,爱与被爱的需要,安全的需要.尊重的需要,自我实现的需要", "D": "生理的需要,安全的需要,爱与被爱的需要,尊重的需要,自我实现的需要"}, "answer": "生理的需要,安全的需要,爱与被爱的需要,尊重的需要,自我实现的需要", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.四肢手术拆线时间为(  )。", "options": {"A": "4~5天", "B": "6~7天", "C": "7~9天", "D": "10~12天"}, "answer": "10~12天", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "呼吸链电子传递过程中可直接被磷酸化的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CDP", "B": "ADP", "C": "GDP", "D": "TDP"}, "answer": "ADP", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,9个月,8kg,发热呕吐腹泻3d,大便蛋花汤样,无腥臭味,尿量明显少。精神委靡,皮肤弹性差,眼凹陷,唇樱红,四肢凉,诊断为婴儿腹泻,血钠132mmol/L。2.第1天补液种类应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "2:1液", "B": "2:3:1液", "C": "维持液", "D": "10%葡萄糖液"}, "answer": "2:3:1液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,48岁。患慢性肾炎多年。近2个月来恶心、呕吐。体检:血压20/13kPa(150/98mmHg),血红蛋白65g/L,BUN 15mmol/L,Cr 400μmol/L。5.[假设信息]如透析后贫血继续加重,血红蛋白仅34g/L,此时治疗贫血的最好办法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "补充铁剂", "B": "补充叶酸和维生素B12", "C": "补充1,25-(OH)2D3", "D": "补充红细胞生成素(EPO)"}, "answer": "补充红细胞生成素(EPO)", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "8个月男婴,反复2次皮肤脓疱疹,伴发热5天,近1天呕吐,呈喷射状,且抽搐1次,诊断为化脓性脑膜炎,给大剂量青霉素治疗7天后停药。近几日发现头围增大,前囟门隆起,叩诊头颅呈破壶声,两眼球向下看似落日。应考虑诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "并发脑室管膜炎", "B": "并发硬膜下积液", "C": "并发脑积水", "D": "发生了颅内肿瘤"}, "answer": "并发脑积水", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿,2岁,体重12kg,身高80cm,头围43cm,会笑,手能摇玩具玩,会坐,会叫“爸爸、妈妈”,不会独自站,该小儿的发育情况可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肥胖儿童", "B": "发育正常儿童", "C": "智能落后儿童", "D": "语言障碍儿童"}, "answer": "智能落后儿童", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.Ig与抗原结合的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ig同种型", "B": "Ig同种异型", "C": "Ig独特型", "D": "Ig的CDR区"}, "answer": "Ig的CDR区", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男婴,生后20小时出现黄疸,母亲血型为O型。有确诊意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆红素测定", "B": "网织红细胞计数", "C": "抗体释放试验", "D": "血清游离抗体测定"}, "answer": "抗体释放试验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "可引起男子乳房女性化和性功能障碍的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氢氯噻嗪", "B": "糖皮质激素", "C": "呋塞米", "D": "螺内酯"}, "answer": "螺内酯", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "右侧结肠癌最多见的大体形态是(  )。", "options": {"A": "浸润型", "B": "溃疡型", "C": "肿块型", "D": "浸润溃疡型"}, "answer": "肿块型", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男婴,6个月。平时多汗,有夜惊,枕秃明显,易激惹,烦躁,睡眠不安。早期诊断最可靠的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血25-(OH)-D3下降", "B": "血25-(OH)-D3升高", "C": "维生素C", "D": "血清钙、磷"}, "answer": "血25-(OH)-D3下降", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "由于大脑弥漫性器质性损害,导致的智能各个方面障碍属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "部分性痴呆", "B": "心因性痴呆", "C": "全面性痴呆", "D": "假性痴呆"}, "answer": "全面性痴呆", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.临床上常用的升压药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "普萘洛尔", "B": "去甲肾上腺素", "C": "酚妥拉明", "D": "肾上腺素"}, "answer": "去甲肾上腺素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "桡骨远端Colles骨折手法复位后应固定于(  )。", "options": {"A": "掌屈尺偏位", "B": "背屈尺偏位", "C": "掌屈桡偏位", "D": "背屈桡偏位"}, "answer": "掌屈尺偏位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肛瘘治疗过程中,最重要的是确定(  )。", "options": {"A": "肛周皮肤是否有外口", "B": "肛瘘与肛门括约肌解剖关系", "C": "肛瘘有几个内口", "D": "肛瘘有几个外口"}, "answer": "肛瘘与肛门括约肌解剖关系", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "错误描述病毒生物学性状的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "必须寄生于活细胞内", "B": "含有DNA和RNA两种核酸", "C": "测量大小的单位为纳米(nm)", "D": "属于非细胞型微生物"}, "answer": "含有DNA和RNA两种核酸", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "门静脉高压症手术,术后最易发生肝性脑病的术式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "远端脾-肾静脉分流术", "B": "贲门周围血管离断术", "C": "食管下端胃镜切除术", "D": "非选择性门体分流术"}, "answer": "非选择性门体分流术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.骨折多为开放性(  )。", "options": {"A": "股骨干中1/3骨折", "B": "股骨干下1/3骨折", "C": "股骨颈骨折", "D": "胫骨骨折"}, "answer": "胫骨骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项不符合轮状病毒特性?(  )", "options": {"A": "能在常规组织培养中引起明显细胞病变", "B": "一般不引起病毒血症,预后良好", "C": "可感染人和多种动物", "D": "免疫电镜技术可从腹泻者粪便中检出病毒"}, "answer": "能在常规组织培养中引起明显细胞病变", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "属于黏病毒的一组病毒是(  )。", "options": {"A": "流感病毒、腮腺炎病毒、麻疹病毒", "B": "腮腺炎病毒、麻疹病毒、脊髓灰质炎病毒", "C": "流感病毒、水痘-带状疱疹病毒、ECHO病毒", "D": "副流感病毒、麻疹病毒、EB病毒"}, "answer": "流感病毒、腮腺炎病毒、麻疹病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿疱疹性咽峡炎的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "柯萨奇病毒", "B": "腺病毒", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "D": "流感嗜血杆菌"}, "answer": "柯萨奇病毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于心理测量来说,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "用数量化手段对心理现象或行为加以确定和测定", "B": "主要采用量表的形式进行", "C": "需采用标准化的测验工具", "D": "调查、会谈、观察等为常用方法"}, "answer": "调查、会谈、观察等为常用方法", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "日本血吸虫病的临床分型不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性血吸虫病", "B": "异位血吸虫病", "C": "肝硬化型血吸虫病", "D": "慢性血吸虫病"}, "answer": "肝硬化型血吸虫病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医疗机构为预防传染病院内传播应承担的职责是(  )。", "options": {"A": "实施传染病预防控制规划", "B": "收集和分析传染病疫情信息", "C": "流行病学调查", "D": "医疗废物处置"}, "answer": "实施传染病预防控制规划", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.属DNA病毒的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲型肝炎病毒", "B": "乙型肝炎病毒", "C": "丙型肝炎病毒", "D": "戊型肝炎病毒"}, "answer": "乙型肝炎病毒", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于口服避孕药的副反应,不包括以下哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "卵巢肿瘤", "B": "体重增加", "C": "阴道不规则流血", "D": "色素沉着"}, "answer": "卵巢肿瘤", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,38岁。发热伴腹胀、乏力1周。查体:T 39℃,P 84次/分,表情淡漠,胸部少许充血性皮疹,脾肋下可触及,质软。实验室检查:血WBC 3.6×109/L,N 0.59,杆状核粒细胞0.01,L 0.40。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "斑疹伤寒", "B": "结核病", "C": "伤寒", "D": "布鲁菌病"}, "answer": "伤寒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,3岁。因发热1周伴手足硬性水肿住院。查体:球结膜充血,皮疹,颈部淋巴结肿大。给予阿司匹林后体温正常,后续阿司匹林治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "热退后7天开始逐渐减量,维持8周", "B": "热退后15天停药", "C": "热退后7天停药", "D": "热退后3天开始逐渐减量,维持8周"}, "answer": "热退后3天开始逐渐减量,维持8周", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "卵巢黏液性囊腺瘤病理特点,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多房居多", "B": "多为双侧", "C": "体积多较大", "D": "囊内很少有乳头生长"}, "answer": "多为双侧", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某患者乘车时,因急刹车,右膝前方受到撞击,出现右髋剧痛,髋关节运动障碍,处于屈曲内收,内旋,畸形状态。3.应选择的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨牵引", "B": "Bigelow法", "C": "Kocher法", "D": "Hippocrates法"}, "answer": "Bigelow法", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女孩,4岁。夏季突然发病,高热4小时,T 39.5℃,惊厥1次,无呕吐、腹泻。病前有可疑不洁饮食史。实验室检查:WBC 21.0×109/L,N 0.86。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "化脓性脑膜炎", "B": "流行性脑脊髓炎", "C": "流行性乙型脑炎", "D": "中毒型细菌性痢疾"}, "answer": "中毒型细菌性痢疾", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列对医德评价意义理解有误的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "表明评价者个人的喜好", "B": "调节医学人际关系", "C": "形成健康的医德氛围", "D": "有助于指导医务人员选择高尚的医德行为"}, "answer": "表明评价者个人的喜好", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,40岁。活动后心悸、气短5年,夜间不能平卧2周。既往有反复关节痛病史。查体:两颊呈紫红色,心尖部可闻及舒张期杂音。最有助于确诊的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血常规", "B": "胸部X线片", "C": "超声心动图", "D": "心电图"}, "answer": "超声心动图", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是肝细胞脂肪变性脂滴的主要成分?(  )", "options": {"A": "类脂", "B": "脂蛋白", "C": "脂褐素", "D": "中性脂肪"}, "answer": "中性脂肪", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,5岁,体格发育落后,自幼啼哭时唇面青紫,会行走后喜蹲踞,近2年活动后心悸、气促,发绀明显。体检:无明显杵状指,血压90/60mmHg(12/8kPa),胸骨左缘2~3肋间闻及3/6级收缩期杂音伴收缩期震颤,P2减弱,有单一感。EKG示:电轴右偏,RV120mm。胸片示:靴形心,心腰凹陷,心尖上翘,肺纹理稀少。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "室间隔缺损伴肺动脉高压", "B": "动脉导管未闭伴肺动脉高压", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "单纯肺动脉狭窄"}, "answer": "法洛四联症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "慢性风湿性瓣膜病常见的联合瓣膜损伤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "二尖瓣、三尖瓣及主动脉瓣", "B": "二尖瓣与主动脉瓣", "C": "主动脉瓣与肺动脉瓣", "D": "主动脉瓣与三尖瓣"}, "answer": "二尖瓣与主动脉瓣", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女孩,3岁。身高75cm,智力低下,鼻梁低平,舌体宽厚,常伸出口外,腹轻胀,便秘,有脐疝。2.为明确诊断,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "染色体核型分析", "B": "尿黏多糖测定", "C": "血T3、T4、TSH", "D": "B超检查肛管测压"}, "answer": "血T3、T4、TSH", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "介于荚膜和黏液层之间的结构称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖萼", "B": "生物膜", "C": "钩状体", "D": "内膜"}, "answer": "糖萼", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "属于肩周炎诊断依据的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "男性多于女性", "B": "右侧多于左侧", "C": "肩部疼痛,与动作无关系", "D": "肩关节外展、外旋、后伸受限"}, "answer": "肩关节外展、外旋、后伸受限", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,30岁,妊娠40周,临产12小时之后,在产钳助娩下分娩一4100g的女婴,胎儿娩出后15分钟胎盘人工剥离取出,检查胎盘无异常。继之发生阴道大量流血。1.该产妇最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫内翻", "B": "胎盘残留", "C": "宫缩乏力性产后出血", "D": "凝血功能障碍导致的产后出血"}, "answer": "宫缩乏力性产后出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,56岁,左颈淋巴结肿大,伴发热,检查提示弥漫性混合性细胞淋巴瘤,左腹股沟淋巴结2cm×2cm大小、无压痛,脾肋下2cm,骨髓淋巴瘤细胞12%,诊断属何期?(  )", "options": {"A": "ⅡA", "B": "ⅠB", "C": "ⅢB", "D": "ⅣB"}, "answer": "ⅣB", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "哪项是ITP做骨髓检查的主要目的?(  )", "options": {"A": "证明有无血小板减少", "B": "证明有无巨核细胞增生", "C": "排除引起血小板减少的其他疾病", "D": "上述均不是"}, "answer": "排除引起血小板减少的其他疾病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.上述哪项连续应用最易产生耐受性?(  )", "options": {"A": "硝酸甘油", "B": "地尔硫", "C": "硝苯地平", "D": "维拉帕米"}, "answer": "硝酸甘油", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,35岁,3年来多尿,口渴,多饮、多食,疲倦无力,注意力不集中,失眠,情绪低落,少言、少动,主动性差,反应迟钝,心烦,紧张。l周来兴奋不安、躁动、语无伦次而住院。3.该患者的治疗原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用肾上腺皮质激素", "B": "雌激素", "C": "控制糖尿病", "D": "控制精神症状;"}, "answer": "控制糖尿病", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.闭眼困难(  )。", "options": {"A": "三叉神经损害", "B": "动眼神经损害", "C": "面神经损害", "D": "舌下神经损害"}, "answer": "面神经损害", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "实验中,夹闭兔双侧颈总动脉后全身血压升高,心率加快,主要是因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈动脉窦受到牵张刺激", "B": "主动脉弓受到牵张刺激", "C": "主动脉神经传入冲动减少", "D": "颈动脉窦神经传入冲动减少"}, "answer": "颈动脉窦神经传入冲动减少", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.右胫腓骨开放骨折,清创内固定后切口愈合良好(  )。", "options": {"A": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅰ/甲”", "B": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅲ/丙”", "C": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅱ/甲”", "D": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅱ/乙”"}, "answer": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅱ/甲”", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,35岁。低热,便秘、腹泻交替4年。查体:右下腹5cm×5cm肿块,质中等,较固定,轻压痛。1.最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠结核", "B": "克罗恩病", "C": "溃疡性结肠炎", "D": "结肠炎"}, "answer": "肠结核", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,38岁,2个月来智力下降,记忆力减退,体重增加10kg,毛发脱落,血清胆固醇600mmol/L。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺功能减退症", "B": "甲状腺功能亢进症", "C": "高血脂症", "D": "神经衰弱"}, "answer": "甲状腺功能减退症", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "属于继发性免疫缺陷病的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "DiGeorge综合征", "B": "x-连锁低丙球蛋白血症", "C": "AIDS", "D": "白细胞黏附缺陷"}, "answer": "AIDS", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.参与氨基酸转氨基作用(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素B6", "B": "维生素B2", "C": "维生素B12", "D": "四氢叶酸"}, "answer": "维生素B6", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.一位外科手术前的病人,坐卧不安、眉头紧锁、小动作多,这一现象属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "应激的行为反应", "B": "应激的情绪反应", "C": "应激的生理反应", "D": "应激的防御反应"}, "answer": "应激的情绪反应", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "尺神经损伤的典型体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Froment征阳性", "B": "拇指对掌功能受限", "C": "拇指感觉异常", "D": "Finkelstein实验阳性"}, "answer": "Froment征阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是补体经典途径反应的次序?(  )", "options": {"A": "C1→C3→C2→C4……→C9", "B": "C1→C2→C3……→C9", "C": "C1→C2→C3→C5……→C9", "D": "C1→C4→C2→C3→C5……→C9"}, "answer": "C1→C4→C2→C3→C5……→C9", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "初孕妇,26岁。妊娠38周,自觉胎动减少10小时入院。1.应立即采取的措施不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎儿电子监护", "B": "间歇吸氧", "C": "胎儿生物物理评分", "D": "立即终止妊娠"}, "answer": "立即终止妊娠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "和病毒感染相关的主要炎症细胞(  )。", "options": {"A": "巨噬细胞", "B": "淋巴细胞", "C": "中性粒细胞", "D": "浆细胞"}, "answer": "淋巴细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女孩,1岁,低热10余日,喜哭易怒,嗜睡,有时便秘。查体:前囟膨隆,心肺正常,肝肋下1.5cm,颈软,克氏征阴性,腹壁反射减弱。脑脊液:外观毛玻璃样,蛋白(+),细胞数200×106/L,糖2.4mmol/L,氯化物107mmol/L。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核性脑膜炎", "B": "新型隐球菌脑膜炎", "C": "中毒性脑病", "D": "病毒性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "结核性脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "比较不同个体之间的心泵功能,宜选用的评定标准是(  )。", "options": {"A": "每搏输出量", "B": "每分输出量", "C": "心指数", "D": "心脏做功量"}, "answer": "心指数", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,72岁。4小时前因情绪激动突发极度气急,咳嗽,咳粉红色泡沫痰。出冷汗,焦虑不安。既往COPD史20年,高血压25年。查体T 36.2℃,P 120次/分,R 34次/分,BP 220/130mmHg,神志模糊,端坐位,口唇发绀。无颈静脉怒张。双肺可闻及细湿啰音及哮鸣音。心率120次/分,律齐,心尖区可闻及舒张早期奔马律及2/6级收缩期杂音,腹软,双下肢无水肿。血气分析:pH 7.28,PaO2 60mmHg,PaCO2 60mmHg。2.该患者不适宜的抢救措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉滴注氨茶碱", "B": "静脉注射呋塞米", "C": "静脉注射吗啡", "D": "静脉注射毛花苷丙"}, "answer": "静脉注射吗啡", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,55岁,近半年左手活动不灵,静止时出现每秒4~6次的节律性颤动,随意运动时减轻,入睡后完全消失。此症状叫做(  )。", "options": {"A": "静止性震颤", "B": "手足徐动症", "C": "扭转痉挛", "D": "舞蹈样动作"}, "answer": "静止性震颤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.血红蛋白的氧解离曲线是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氢键、盐键、疏水键和二硫键", "B": "S形", "C": "加热", "D": "双曲线"}, "answer": "S形", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪项与心身疾病的诊断无关?(  )", "options": {"A": "疾病的发生有相平行的心理社会因素", "B": "排除神经症和精神疾病", "C": "单纯的生物医学疗法收效甚微", "D": "由某种躯体疾病引发心理障碍"}, "answer": "由某种躯体疾病引发心理障碍", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "病人术后的处理中,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部的减张缝线一般在术后2周左右拆除", "B": "伤口的乳胶片引流一般在术后4~7日拔除", "C": "一般性手术后的病人,应鼓励早期活动", "D": "术后尿潴留导尿量超过500mL者,应留置尿管1~2日"}, "answer": "伤口的乳胶片引流一般在术后4~7日拔除", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.以白蛋白为主的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "母乳", "B": "牛奶", "C": "全脂奶粉", "D": "酸牛奶"}, "answer": "母乳", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性乳腺炎最常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "哺乳半年后的妇女", "B": "初产哺乳的妇女", "C": "妊娠期妇女", "D": "乳头凹陷的妇女"}, "answer": "初产哺乳的妇女", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "真核细胞染色质的基本组成单位是核小体,在核小体中(  )。", "options": {"A": "rRNA与蛋白因子结合成核糖体", "B": "rRNA与组蛋白八聚体相结合", "C": "组蛋白H2A、H2B、H3和H4各两分子形成八聚体", "D": "非组蛋白H2A、H2B、H3和H4各两分子形成八聚体"}, "answer": "组蛋白H2A、H2B、H3和H4各两分子形成八聚体", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "乙型肝炎可以采用下述哪一种生物制品人工被动免疫?(  )", "options": {"A": "丙种球蛋白", "B": "抗毒素", "C": "胎盘球蛋白", "D": "特异性高效价免疫球蛋白"}, "answer": "特异性高效价免疫球蛋白", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "结肠癌最早出现的临床症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部肿块", "B": "全身症状如贫血、消瘦、低热等", "C": "肠梗阻症状", "D": "排便习惯和粪便性状的改变"}, "answer": "排便习惯和粪便性状的改变", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.同侧全盲是(  )。", "options": {"A": "视神经病变", "B": "视束病变", "C": "视交叉中部病变", "D": "枕叶病变"}, "answer": "视神经病变", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,30岁。腹胀、便秘、发热、乏力7个月。1周来症状加重。查体:T 37.7℃,右下腹触及4cm×5cm肿块,质中等,边界不清,轻触痛,粪常规(-),结肠镜发现回盲部环形溃疡。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "克罗恩病", "B": "右卵巢囊肿", "C": "肠结核", "D": "结肠癌"}, "answer": "肠结核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某女患者,59岁,因肝硬化腹水、肝硬化失代偿期住进某市中医院,经治疗病情未见改善,反而加重,出现肝性脑病,多次昏迷,处于濒死状态。其子在得知母亲治愈无望时,向主管医师提出书面请求:为其母实施“安乐死”,以尽快解除病人濒死前的剧痛。在家属再三请求之下,主管医师于1986年6月28日下了医嘱,先后两次注射复方氯丙嗪1.75mg,病人安静地死去。之后,主管医师及病人的儿子二人均以故意杀人罪被起诉立案,主管医师先后两次受审,并被逮捕羁押1年,后经市人民法院多次公开审理及诉讼后,才宣告主管医师无罪释放。怎样认识上述做法(  )。", "options": {"A": "完全正确,其选择在医学上有充分依据", "B": "法律允许,但在伦理上是成问题的", "C": "法律允许,在伦理上也是说得通的", "D": "没有处理好医学决策与伦理判断之间的矛盾,是有着严重的伦理问题的"}, "answer": "没有处理好医学决策与伦理判断之间的矛盾,是有着严重的伦理问题的", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "脂肪酸合成过程中,脂酰基的载体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CoA", "B": "肉碱", "C": "ACP", "D": "丙二酰CoA"}, "answer": "ACP", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不属于青少年心理健康教育的主要内容是(  )。", "options": {"A": "世界观、人生观、价值观教育", "B": "性生理、性心理、性道德教育", "C": "友谊观和恋爱观教育", "D": "学习策略和方法的教育"}, "answer": "学习策略和方法的教育", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.最支持肝硬化腹水诊断的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹水比重<1.018,蛋白<25g/L", "B": "腹水白蛋白数>500×106/L,以多核细胞为主", "C": "腹水比重>1.018,蛋白>30g/L,腹水白细胞以单核细胞为主", "D": "乳糜性腹水"}, "answer": "腹水比重<1.018,蛋白<25g/L", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心房颤动患者服用华法林,凝血酶原时间的国际标准化比值(INR)应控制在(  )。", "options": {"A": "1.0~1.9", "B": "2.0~3.0", "C": "3.1~3.5", "D": "3.6~4.0"}, "answer": "2.0~3.0", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.Asherman综合征与哪项有关?(  )", "options": {"A": "垂体", "B": "下丘脑", "C": "子宫", "D": "无正确选项"}, "answer": "子宫", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.多发于初产妇的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺囊性增生病", "B": "乳腺纤维腺瘤", "C": "急性乳腺炎", "D": "乳腺癌"}, "answer": "急性乳腺炎", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "高血压患者的饮食注意中错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "控制能量的摄入,提倡吃复合糖类", "B": "多摄入新鲜蔬菜和水果", "C": "摄入钾、钙丰富而钠低的食品", "D": "严格控制盐的摄入量"}, "answer": "严格控制盐的摄入量", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肝硬化代偿期可出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "出血倾向和贫血", "B": "腹水", "C": "食管静脉曲张", "D": "脾大"}, "answer": "脾大", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,45岁。因反复咳嗽1个月到社区卫生服务中心就诊。医生与其交谈中得知该患者已经吸烟20多年,3年前曾经尝试戒烟1个月并得到家人的支持和鼓励。但后来患者由于听说戒烟会生病等传闻而不再考虑戒烟。1.家人对其的戒烟督促属于影响行为的(  )。", "options": {"A": "倾向因素", "B": "促成因素", "C": "强化因素", "D": "诱导因素"}, "answer": "促成因素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一男性,某省厅干部,平时不嗜烟酒,生活规律;但性情急躁,易激动,工作认真,争强好胜,雄心勃勃。1年前单位减员时调入某厂工作,常因小事上火,发脾气。3日前因心绞痛入院,诊断为冠心病。2.发病的明显原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "化学性因素", "B": "物理性因素", "C": "生物性因素", "D": "心理社会因素"}, "answer": "心理社会因素", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "成熟红细胞利用葡萄糖的主要代谢途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "磷酸戊糖途径", "B": "无氧酵解", "C": "三羧酸循环", "D": "糖原分解"}, "answer": "无氧酵解", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "腹部大手术后,早期出现肺功能不全的最常见原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管痉挛", "B": "肺不张", "C": "气胸", "D": "胃内容物误吸"}, "answer": "肺不张", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,26岁,火焰烧伤,其中浅Ⅱ度烧伤面积10%,深Ⅱ度烧伤面积20%,Ⅲ度烧伤面积30%,伤后给肌注度冷丁50mg后转院治疗,2小时后来院。入院查体心率132次/分,血压80/50mmHg,其休克属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "心源性", "B": "神经性", "C": "低血容量性", "D": "感染性"}, "answer": "低血容量性", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于麻疹流行病学下列不正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "接触后7天至出疹后5天均有传染性", "B": "麻疹患者是唯一传染源", "C": "通过喷嚏、咳嗽等由飞沫传播", "D": "也可通过粪便传播"}, "answer": "也可通过粪便传播", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,19岁。初发肾病综合征,应用泼尼松60mg/d治疗8周,水肿无明显好转,复查尿蛋白仍大于3.5g/d,肾活检提示微小病变型肾病。下一步最适宜的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大剂量静脉使用免疫球蛋白", "B": "加用ACEI", "C": "加用免疫抑制剂", "D": "增加泼尼松剂量"}, "answer": "加用免疫抑制剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不会引起淀粉酶升高的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠梗阻", "B": "急性心肌梗死", "C": "急性胰腺炎", "D": "胃肠道穿孔"}, "answer": "急性心肌梗死", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,35岁。间断腹痛、腹泻5年。发作时大便3~5次/日,带黏液,无脓血,便后腹痛缓解,受凉及紧张后症状加重,无发热,抗生素治疗无效,发病以来体重无明显变化。粪隐血试验阴性。1.为确定诊断,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小肠X线钡剂造影", "B": "腹部CT", "C": "结肠镜", "D": "粪细菌培养"}, "answer": "结肠镜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,55岁。乏力、食欲减退1个月,症状逐渐加重、尿黄及眼黄1周。2个月前家中装修房子及搬家劳累。慢性乙型肝炎20年,无明显症状,未监测肝功能,未进行抗HBV治疗。查体:慢性病容,神志清,皮肤、巩膜黄染,腹部胀气,脾于肋下可触及,腹水征可疑。实验室检查:ALT 250U/L,AST 300U/L,TBi 300μmol/ L,ALB 30g/L,HBsAg(+),抗HBc(+),HBV DNA 6×107拷贝/ml。4.为遏制病情进展,最需要的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫增强剂", "B": "恩替卡韦", "C": "免疫抑制剂", "D": "白细胞介素"}, "answer": "恩替卡韦", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,17岁。疲乏无力,心烦易怒,怕热多汗半年,易饿。体重下降11kg,月经量减少,经期仅1~2天。查体:BP 140/70mmHg,皮肤微潮,手有细颤,轻微突眼,甲状腺Ⅰ度弥漫性肿大,质软,无触痛。3.最可能的检查结果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "FT3及FT4升高", "B": "TSH升高", "C": "甲状腺摄131碘降低", "D": "血糖升高"}, "answer": "FT3及FT4升高", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.C3转化酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "C3bBb", "B": "C3B", "C": "βIH", "D": "C5678(9)n"}, "answer": "C3B", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.树突状细胞的表面分子(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD3", "B": "KIR", "C": "MHC-Ⅱ", "D": "IL-2"}, "answer": "MHC-Ⅱ", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.使食糜与消化液充分混合,便于进行化学性消化的运动形式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃排空", "B": "分节运动", "C": "蠕动冲", "D": "袋状往返运动"}, "answer": "分节运动", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,66岁。食用坚果后突发呕血4小时,伴心悸、胸闷、气短。既往慢性乙型肝炎病史20年,冠心病史8年。查体:BP 90/50mmHg,心率110次/分,心律不齐,期前收缩10次/分。最适合的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "西咪替丁", "B": "硝酸甘油", "C": "普萘洛尔", "D": "生长抑素"}, "answer": "生长抑素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是鉴别肺炎球菌与甲型链球菌的试验?(  )", "options": {"A": "胆汁溶菌试验和菊糖发酵试验", "B": "血浆凝固酶试验和甘露醇发酵试验", "C": "胆汁溶菌试验和甘露醇发酵试验", "D": "乳糖发酵试验和蔗糖发酵试验"}, "answer": "胆汁溶菌试验和菊糖发酵试验", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于预防脑栓塞再发的描述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿司匹林无助于预防脑栓塞", "B": "小剂量肝素治疗无需监测凝血功能", "C": "房颤或有再栓塞风险的心源性病因者应积极治疗原发病", "D": "华法林易引起栓塞后出血,故无法预防再栓塞"}, "answer": "房颤或有再栓塞风险的心源性病因者应积极治疗原发病", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,65岁,因心前区疼痛2小时来院急诊。心电图示急性广泛前壁心肌梗死伴多源性室性早搏。入院体检:气急、不能平卧,血压140/80mmHg,心率120次/min,两肺散在细湿啰音,伴少量哮鸣音,并有奔马律。3.患者应选用的抗心律失常药物为(  )。", "options": {"A": "利多卡因静脉滴注", "B": "口服阿替洛尔", "C": "静推异搏定", "D": "心律平静脉滴注"}, "answer": "利多卡因静脉滴注", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项不属于颈椎病的基本分型?(  )", "options": {"A": "颈型", "B": "神经根型", "C": "脊髓型", "D": "椎动脉型"}, "answer": "颈型", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "属于外毒素的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "革兰阴性菌细胞壁结构", "B": "细菌裂解后释放", "C": "化学组成为脂多糖", "D": "可脱毒制成类毒素"}, "answer": "可脱毒制成类毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,55岁。突发持续胸痛4小时。查体:BP 110/50mmHg,心率30次/分,律齐,心电图示急性下壁、右室心肌梗死,三度房室传导阻滞。为提高心室率应立即采取的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉滴注异丙肾上腺素", "B": "静脉滴注多巴酚丁胺", "C": "静脉注射肾上腺素", "D": "植入临时性心脏起复器"}, "answer": "植入临时性心脏起复器", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于HLAⅠ类分子的叙述,下列正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HLAⅠ类分子异二聚体完全由HLAⅠ类基因编码", "B": "识别和提呈外源性抗原肽", "C": "分布于所有有核细胞表面", "D": "HLAⅠ类分子的凹槽两端开放,接纳的抗原肽长度变化大"}, "answer": "分布于所有有核细胞表面", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,40岁,烧伤后3小时入院。疼痛剧烈,感口渴。面色苍白,心率150次/分,血压85/65mmHg,头颈部、躯干部布满大小不等水疱,可见潮红创面。双上肢呈焦黄色,无水疱。3.其中Ⅲ度创面的处理原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "休克期常规切痂", "B": "开始补液后2小时内切痂", "C": "休克期过后半个月内切痂", "D": "争取复苏平稳,据病情尽早切痂"}, "answer": "争取复苏平稳,据病情尽早切痂", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医生在临床诊疗过程运用干涉权,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人非理性地拒绝治疗", "B": "病人要求医生说真话,但真话会影响病人疾病的治疗效果", "C": "对病人非理性行为实施行为控制", "D": "病人要求复印自己的病历"}, "answer": "病人要求复印自己的病历", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,26岁。患重症肌无力5年,因感冒后肌无力加重,大量服用溴吡斯的明后出现流口水、大量出汗、肌束颤动、腹痛。此种表现是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "ACh毒蕈碱样作用亢进", "B": "中枢ACh神经元传递减慢", "C": "乙酰胆碱(ACh)神经元的后发放", "D": "Ach烟碱样作用亢进"}, "answer": "乙酰胆碱(ACh)神经元的后发放", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于游离胆红素的叙述,下列哪项正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "水溶性大", "B": "易透过生物膜", "C": "与重氮试剂呈直接反应", "D": "胆红素与葡萄糖醛酸结合"}, "answer": "易透过生物膜", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.肺原发病灶+淋巴管炎+肺门淋巴结结核(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发综合征", "B": "干酪性肺炎", "C": "结核球", "D": "浸润型肺结核"}, "answer": "原发综合征", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,75岁。反复上腹痛30余年,消瘦、黑便3个月,十余年前胃镜检查诊断为“慢性萎缩性胃炎”。本次胃镜检查显示:胃皱襞减少,黏膜不平,黏膜下血管透见,胃窦可见直径2cm深溃疡,周边隆起。溃疡周边活检病理学检查,最不可能出现的病理改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃腺癌", "B": "胃窦黏膜异型增生", "C": "胃体黏膜主细胞数量减少", "D": "胃体黏膜壁细胞数量增加"}, "answer": "胃体黏膜壁细胞数量增加", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在动机和效果不一致时,评判医疗卫生工作的主观动机的依据(  )。", "options": {"A": "以主观意愿为主要依据的动机论", "B": "以病人及家属的反映为依据的反映论", "C": "以医德原则及要求为依据的原则决定论", "D": "以深入分析整个医疗工作的全过程的全面分析论"}, "answer": "以深入分析整个医疗工作的全过程的全面分析论", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "治疗高渗性脱水理想的液体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "5%碳酸氢钠液", "B": "0.9%氯化钠液", "C": "0.45%氯化钠液", "D": "平衡盐溶液"}, "answer": "0.45%氯化钠液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "易发生贫血性梗死的器官是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾、肠、脑", "B": "心、脾、肾", "C": "脾、心、肺", "D": "肾、心、肺"}, "answer": "心、脾、肾", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "自身免疫最重要的基本特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "患者血中可测得高效价的自身抗体和(或)针对自身Ag的致敏淋巴细胞", "B": "病情转归与自身免疫反应强度有关", "C": "自身Ab或致敏淋巴细胞造成组织损伤或功能障碍", "D": "有遗传倾向"}, "answer": "患者血中可测得高效价的自身抗体和(或)针对自身Ag的致敏淋巴细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于血栓形成,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "静脉血栓多于动脉血栓", "B": "静脉内多为混合血栓", "C": "心脏内多为红色血栓", "D": "毛细血管内多为纤维素血栓"}, "answer": "心脏内多为红色血栓", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,46岁。饮酒史26年。因被家人禁止饮酒,次日出现不识家人,随地便溺,双手粗大震颤,下肢站立不稳,无法行走。检查时将医生认作科学家,把病室当成派出所,感到自己被抓进来做人体试验,不时用手拍打墙面,声称看见有许多臭虫、蟑螂在爬。神色惊恐,大量出汗。首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "地西泮", "B": "氯丙嗪", "C": "氯氮平", "D": "盐酸苯海索"}, "answer": "氯丙嗪", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一患儿以肠梗阻入院手术,术中医师将膀胱认作囊肿切除,造成患儿储尿、排尿功能严重受损。该事件中,医师的行为属(  )。", "options": {"A": "意外事件", "B": "术中并发症", "C": "间接故意", "D": "过失"}, "answer": "过失", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,5岁,因发热、咳嗽1周,水肿、尿少5天入院。查体:全身明显浮肿,呈凹陷性,血压110/60mmHg。尿检:蛋白质(+++),红细胞5~7个/HP。血浆白蛋白23g/L,胆固醇9.2mmol/L。2.该患儿在治疗中出现腹胀、无力,膝反射弱,且心电图出现T波低平且有u波,应用下列何药物最恰当?(  )", "options": {"A": "清蛋白静脉滴注", "B": "静脉给予葡萄糖酸钙", "C": "口服果味钾", "D": "给予洋地黄制剂"}, "answer": "口服果味钾", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿时期白细胞总数,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "婴儿期约10×109/L", "B": "3岁时接近成人水平", "C": "1周时平均为20×109/L", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "婴儿期约10×109/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "新生儿病理性黄疸,下列哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "生后24小时内出现黄疸", "B": "足月儿黄疸持续>2周,早产儿黄疸持续>4周", "C": "黄疸退而复现", "D": "血清结合胆红素>17.1μmol/L(1mg/dl)"}, "answer": "血清结合胆红素>17.1μmol/L(1mg/dl)", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "轮状病毒肠炎容易出现的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠穿孔", "B": "败血症", "C": "高钠血症", "D": "脱水,酸中毒"}, "answer": "脱水,酸中毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "25岁女性,左膝外上方逐渐隆起包块伴酸痛半年,X线平片提示左股骨下端外侧有一病灶,边缘膨胀,中央有肥皂泡样改变,无明显的骨膜反应。1.其诊断考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨纤维异样增殖症", "B": "骨髓瘤", "C": "骨肉瘤", "D": "骨巨细胞瘤"}, "answer": "骨巨细胞瘤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于典型失神发作的特点的描述不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "儿童期起病,青春期前停止发作", "B": "表现为短暂突然的意识丧失", "C": "脑电图为单侧皮层的棘慢综合波", "D": "一般无脑损害的其他表现"}, "answer": "脑电图为单侧皮层的棘慢综合波", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于新生儿败血症,以下错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿易患败血症是因为免疫功能不完善", "B": "在我国新生儿败血症的主要病原体是B组链球菌", "C": "血培养阳性是新生儿败血症的可靠诊断依据", "D": "新生儿败血症出现硬肿是感染严重的表现"}, "answer": "在我国新生儿败血症的主要病原体是B组链球菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女患,35岁,确诊为自身免疫性肝炎,ALT200U/L,肝炎病毒指标(一),治疗应首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "保肝药物", "B": "皮质激素", "C": "综合治疗", "D": "对症治疗"}, "answer": "皮质激素", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.皮质类固醇激素和睾丸酮在肝脏灭活的产物有(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆汁酸盐和磷脂酰胆碱", "B": "17-羟胆固醇和17-酮胆固醇", "C": "乙酰CoA和NADPH", "D": "胆汁酸"}, "answer": "17-羟胆固醇和17-酮胆固醇", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项为伤寒最严重的并发症?(  )", "options": {"A": "中毒性心肌炎", "B": "肠穿孔", "C": "血栓性静脉炎", "D": "肺炎"}, "answer": "肠穿孔", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "职业病指(  )。", "options": {"A": "与职业有关的疾病", "B": "在职业活动中由理化因素引起的疾病", "C": "由职业性有害因素直接引起的疾病", "D": "由物理、化学、生物因素所引起的疾病"}, "answer": "由职业性有害因素直接引起的疾病", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "淤血器官的形态特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "色暗红,体积增大,切面湿润,功能增强,温度降低", "B": "色暗红,体积缩小,切面干燥,功能增强,温度降低", "C": "色暗红,体积增大,切面湿润,功能减退,温度降低", "D": "色鲜红,体积缩小,切面湿润,功能增强,温度降低"}, "answer": "色暗红,体积增大,切面湿润,功能减退,温度降低", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "与硝酸甘油防治心绞痛无关的作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "扩张外周血管,减轻心脏的前、后负荷", "B": "增加心内膜下的血液供应", "C": "反射性的心率加快作用", "D": "增加缺血区的血液供应"}, "answer": "反射性的心率加快作用", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "DNA变性是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "多核苷酸链解聚", "B": "DNA分子由超螺旋转变为双螺旋", "C": "互补碱基间氢键断裂", "D": "碱基与脱氧核糖间糖苷键断裂"}, "answer": "互补碱基间氢键断裂", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是恶性葡萄胎与良性葡萄胎的主要区别?(  )", "options": {"A": "可见水肿绒毛", "B": "绒毛消失", "C": "滋养细胞增生", "D": "绒毛侵犯子宫壁深部肌层"}, "answer": "绒毛侵犯子宫壁深部肌层", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "癫痫患者服药,应注意不能(  )。", "options": {"A": "两药同时服", "B": "服药量太小", "C": "只在夜间服", "D": "突然停药"}, "answer": "突然停药", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5.过敏性出疹与体温的关系是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热3~4天出皮疹,出疹期体温更高", "B": "发热后1天左右出皮疹,症状轻", "C": "发热1~2天出皮疹,出疹时高热", "D": "发热,服药后出皮疹,有瘙痒"}, "answer": "发热,服药后出皮疹,有瘙痒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "可以确诊羊水栓塞的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "出血不止", "B": "突发呼吸困难", "C": "查到胎儿有核红细胞", "D": "腔静脉中查到胎脂、胎粪"}, "answer": "腔静脉中查到胎脂、胎粪", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.临床上常见且易合并撕脱骨折的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肩关节前脱位", "B": "桡骨头半脱位", "C": "髋关节后脱位", "D": "髋关节前脱位"}, "answer": "肩关节前脱位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4个月男孩,咳嗽2天,喘憋加重1天,病后低热,精神、食欲尚可。体检:T37.8℃,呼吸60次/分,心率150次/分,两肺满布哮鸣音,两背下可听到细湿哕音,肝肋下3.5cm。1.该患儿呼吸道感染可能的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸道合胞病毒", "B": "腺病毒", "C": "流感病毒", "D": "柯萨奇病毒"}, "answer": "呼吸道合胞病毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,40岁。餐后突发右上腹及剑突下痛,放射到右肩及后背部,2小时后疼痛剧烈,伴恶心,并吐出所进食物,仍不缓解,急诊就医。数年胃病史及胆石病史,间有胆绞痛发作。查体:痛苦病容,体温37.2℃,呼吸28次、分,浅快,律齐。全腹胀,上腹肌紧张,压痛反跳痛(+),移动性浊音(±),白细胞12×109/L,血红蛋白125g/L,尿淀粉酶400U(温氏法正常值32U)。3.为了确立诊断,可选择的检查中不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "急诊B超检查", "B": "立位腹平片检查", "C": "诊断性腹腔穿刺检查", "D": "急诊上消化道钡餐检查"}, "answer": "急诊上消化道钡餐检查", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "直接引起心脏后负荷加重的瓣膜病为(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动脉瓣狭窄", "B": "二尖瓣狭窄", "C": "二尖瓣关闭不全", "D": "三尖瓣关闭不全"}, "answer": "主动脉瓣狭窄", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "7个月女婴,腹泻水样便2天,大便10次/日,高热1天,汗多,进食少,尿少,口渴。体检:烦躁不安,四肢暖,皮肤弹性差,心、肺(-),膝腱反射亢进,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "轻度低渗性脱水", "B": "中度等渗性脱水", "C": "中度低渗性脱水", "D": "中度高渗性脱水"}, "answer": "中度高渗性脱水", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,26岁。外伤致肱骨中下1/3长斜形骨折,来院检查时发现有垂腕、垂指畸形。1.该患者合并的神经损伤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尺神经损伤", "B": "臂丛神经损伤", "C": "正中神经损伤", "D": "桡神经损伤"}, "answer": "桡神经损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.以上哪项是实现有效气体交换的通气量?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺总量", "B": "每分通气量", "C": "肺活量", "D": "肺泡通气量"}, "answer": "肺泡通气量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "受理执业医师注册申请的卫生行政部门,对应当准予注册的,注册期限是自收到申请之日起(  )。", "options": {"A": "7日内", "B": "10日内", "C": "30日内", "D": "60日内"}, "answer": "30日内", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以兴奋症状为主的佝偻病多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "佝偻病早期", "B": "佝偻病活动期", "C": "佝偻病恢复期", "D": "佝偻病初期"}, "answer": "佝偻病早期", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "Auer小体最常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "类白血病反应", "B": "急性粒细胞自血病", "C": "慢性粒细胞白血病", "D": "慢性淋巴细胞白血病"}, "answer": "急性粒细胞自血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胸部叩诊音呈浊鼓音可见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎充血期", "B": "胸膜肥厚", "C": "肺气肿", "D": "气胸"}, "answer": "肺炎充血期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,46岁,3个月前因胆石症在当地医院行胆总管十二指肠吻合,1天前突然出现右上腹痛、寒战、高热,呕血约1000ml,入院后立即输血,当输血10ml时,突然心前区出现压迫感,腰背部酸痛并出现血红蛋白尿,血压70/50mmHg(9.33/6.67kPa)。2.治疗该病人应采取的最佳措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗休克、碱化尿液", "B": "抗休克、碱化尿液、利尿", "C": "抗休克", "D": "碱化尿液"}, "answer": "抗休克、碱化尿液", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "甲状腺功能低下者何时开始甲状腺素制剂治疗智力大多数可达到正常?(  )", "options": {"A": "<3个月", "B": "6个月", "C": "1岁", "D": "3岁"}, "answer": "<3个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,20岁,发热1周,伴牙龈出血。查:体温38.6℃,皮肤苍白,颈部触及肿大淋巴结,牙龈肿胀,双上肢可见瘀斑,双肺呼吸音粗,肝肋下未及,脾于左肋下可及边缘。化验:WBC 23×109/L,Hb 76g/L,PLT 20×109/L,纤维蛋白原1.1g/L,PT15秒(对照12秒)。确定出血原因可做(  )。", "options": {"A": "血培养", "B": "胸片", "C": "骨髓穿刺", "D": "3P试验及血FDP检查"}, "answer": "3P试验及血FDP检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "脑水肿多产生在肾综合征出血热哪一病期(  )。", "options": {"A": "低血压休克期", "B": "少尿期", "C": "多尿期", "D": "恢复期"}, "answer": "少尿期", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于近端小管重吸收的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "67%的Na+、Cl-、K+和水被重吸收", "B": "85%的HCO3-被重吸收", "C": "全部葡萄糖、氨基酸被重吸收", "D": "水的重吸收与Na+泵的活动无关"}, "answer": "水的重吸收与Na+泵的活动无关", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,16岁,病人自述两月来脑子里总出现学校校长的半身头像,有时很清晰,有时不清晰,但却不是用眼睛看见的,该症状属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "错觉", "B": "假性幻觉", "C": "真性幻觉", "D": "人格解体"}, "answer": "假性幻觉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "血源性肺脓肿最常见的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "流感嗜血杆菌", "B": "肺炎克雷伯杆菌", "C": "铜绿假单胞菌", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肺炎球菌的致病物质有(  )。", "options": {"A": "SPA", "B": "荚膜成分", "C": "M蛋白", "D": "PV-杀白细胞素"}, "answer": "荚膜成分", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿18个月,于7月2日来院就诊。腹泻2天,大便呈蛋花样混有黏液,量多,有腥臭味。粪常规镜检无白细胞。哭时泪少,尿少。精神萎靡,口唇樱桃红,呼吸深大,心音低钝,脉搏细速,肌张力降低,腹胀,四肢厥冷,皮肤发花。3.下面是对患儿的处理方法,不正确治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即补液,纠正水、电解质酸碱平衡紊乱", "B": "微生态疗法", "C": "肠黏膜保护剂", "D": "适当用止泻剂"}, "answer": "适当用止泻剂", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "哪项决定法洛四联症青紫程度和出现的早晚?(  )", "options": {"A": "左心室的大小", "B": "肺动脉狭窄的程度", "C": "室间隔缺损的大小", "D": "右心室的大小"}, "answer": "肺动脉狭窄的程度", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,68岁。近1年来自觉长距离行走时感气短,休息后可好转。否认呼吸系统疾病及心脏病史。查体未见明显异常。血常规及胸部X线片检查大致正常。为明确诊断应首先进行的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "UCG", "B": "D-二聚体", "C": "动脉血气分析", "D": "肺功能"}, "answer": "UCG", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列选项中,哪项不属于无张力疝成形术的优点?(  )", "options": {"A": "适应于某些有腹压增高的患者", "B": "术后下地早,恢复快", "C": "较常规手术不易感染", "D": "缝合张力小"}, "answer": "较常规手术不易感染", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,19岁,发热、咳嗽伴有左侧胸痛5天。既往体健。查体:T 39.5℃,左下肺扩张呈浊音,可闻及支气管呼吸音。该患者最可能感染的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎链球菌", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "C": "肺炎支原体", "D": "铜绿假单细胞"}, "answer": "肺炎链球菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.肾综合征出血热的防御措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "灭虱", "B": "灭鼠", "C": "灭蜱", "D": "灭蚊"}, "answer": "灭鼠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.胃溃疡腹痛的规律是(  )。", "options": {"A": "无明显规律性", "B": "进食疼痛缓解", "C": "疼痛进食缓解", "D": "疼痛→排便缓解"}, "answer": "进食疼痛缓解", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2岁男孩,因智能低下查染色体核型为46,XY,-14,+t(14q21q),查其母为平衡易位染色体携带者,核型应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "45,XX,-14,-21,+t(14q21q)", "B": "46,XX", "C": "46,XX,-14,+t(14q21q)", "D": "46,XX,-21,+t(14q21q)"}, "answer": "45,XX,-14,-21,+t(14q21q)", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某人出现血钠升高,血钾下降,全身血容量增加,血压升高,此时最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺激素增加", "B": "糖皮质激素增加", "C": "醛固酮增加", "D": "交感一肾上腺髓质活动加强"}, "answer": "醛固酮增加", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,67岁。刺激性咳嗽3个月,痰中带血2周。吸烟30年,30支/天。胸部X线片见右肺门2.05cm×3cm团块影。血WBC 6.6×109/L.1.该患者初步诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺脓肿", "B": "肺癌", "C": "肺栓塞", "D": "支气管扩张"}, "answer": "肺癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "法洛四联症最早出现的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "活动耐力下降", "B": "阵发性呼吸困难", "C": "青紫", "D": "杵状指(趾)"}, "answer": "青紫", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "我国现阶段采用的围产期是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "从妊娠满28周至产后6周", "B": "从妊娠满28周至产后4周", "C": "从妊娠满20周至产后1周", "D": "从妊娠满28周至产后1周"}, "answer": "从妊娠满28周至产后1周", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,40岁,烧伤1小时。查体:T 37.8℃,P 131次/分,R 27次/分,BP 82/53mmHg。双侧臀部、双侧大小腿及足部皮肤烧伤,创面无水泡,呈蜡白色,痛觉消失。体重60kg。该患者第一个24小时补液理论上应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血浆1380ml,平衡盐溶液2760ml,5%葡萄糖溶液2000ml", "B": "全血1380ml,平衡盐溶液2760ml,5%葡萄糖溶液2000ml", "C": "血浆2000ml,平衡盐溶液3000ml,5%葡萄糖溶液1500ml", "D": "血浆2000ml,平衡盐溶液2000ml,5%葡萄糖溶液1500ml"}, "answer": "血浆1380ml,平衡盐溶液2760ml,5%葡萄糖溶液2000ml", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "感染性休克病人应用糖皮质激素的依据与方法有误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "要取得疗效至少要使用5天", "B": "大剂量糖皮质激素对心脏发挥正性肌力作用", "C": "糖皮质激素应从大剂量开始", "D": "糖皮质激素可以稳定细胞及溶酶体膜,免受内毒素破坏"}, "answer": "要取得疗效至少要使用5天", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.医疗事故的客观方面(  )。", "options": {"A": "造成患者人身损害", "B": "过失", "C": "实施了违反卫生管理法律、行政法规、部门规章和诊疗护理规范、常规的行为", "D": "医疗机构和医务人员"}, "answer": "实施了违反卫生管理法律、行政法规、部门规章和诊疗护理规范、常规的行为", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "慢性特发性血小板减少性紫癜最常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "儿童", "B": "青年女性", "C": "壮年男性", "D": "老年人"}, "answer": "青年女性", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1岁患儿因腹泻就诊。血象:RBC2.5×1012/L,Hb 90g/L,MCV 99fl,MCH 37pg,MCHC 35%。血涂片嗜多色性和嗜碱性点彩红细胞易见。其最可能诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "再生障碍性贫血", "B": "营养性缺铁性贫血", "C": "感染性贫血", "D": "巨幼红细胞性贫血"}, "answer": "巨幼红细胞性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一患者正常体检,X线发现,肺部呈哑铃状阴影,临床无明显症状及体征,应该考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "局灶性肺结核", "B": "原发综合症", "C": "干酪性肺炎", "D": "结核球"}, "answer": "原发综合症", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "反射活动后放现象的结构基础是神经元之间的(  )。", "options": {"A": "环状联系", "B": "连锁状联系", "C": "聚合式联系", "D": "侧支式联系"}, "answer": "环状联系", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿结核性脑膜炎早期主要临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑膜刺激征阳性", "B": "急性高热伴剧烈呕吐", "C": "性格改变", "D": "昏睡伴意识朦胧"}, "answer": "性格改变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.感染后脓液稠厚,黄色,不臭(  )。", "options": {"A": "大肠埃希菌", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "C": "铜绿假单胞菌", "D": "拟杆菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.上述哪项左室内压下降速度最快?(  )", "options": {"A": "等容收缩期", "B": "等容舒张期", "C": "快速充盈期", "D": "减慢射血期"}, "answer": "等容舒张期", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "刀刺伤18h,伤口处红肿,有渗出液,最恰当的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "用抗生素", "B": "理疗", "C": "换药", "D": "局部固定"}, "answer": "换药", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "糖皮质激素对血液系统的影响是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中性粒细胞的数量增加", "B": "血小板的数量减少", "C": "中性粒细胞的数量减少", "D": "红细胞数和血红蛋白均减少"}, "answer": "中性粒细胞的数量增加", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "按一级动力学消除的药物有如下哪项特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "药物的半衰期随剂量而改变", "B": "并非为大多数药物的消除方式", "C": "单位时间内实际消除的药量递减", "D": "酶学中的Michaclis-Mcnton公式与动力学公式相似"}, "answer": "单位时间内实际消除的药量递减", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.颅前窝骨折(  )。", "options": {"A": "鼻流血", "B": "双眼睑皮下青紫,逐渐加重,出现熊猫眼征", "C": "脑脊液耳漏", "D": "颞部头皮肿胀瘀血"}, "answer": "双眼睑皮下青紫,逐渐加重,出现熊猫眼征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "骑跨伤致尿道损伤的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "前列腺部", "B": "膜部", "C": "球部", "D": "尿道全部"}, "answer": "球部", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "氯喹(  )。", "options": {"A": "可杀灭疟原虫红内期裂殖体", "B": "对疟原虫的原发性红外期裂殖体有效", "C": "对疟原虫的继发性红外期裂殖体有效", "D": "可杀灭血中疟原虫配子体"}, "answer": "可杀灭疟原虫红内期裂殖体", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "从事母婴保健工作的人员违反母婴保健法规定,有下述情形的,给予行政处分,情节严重的,依法取消执业资格(  )。", "options": {"A": "做医学技术鉴定", "B": "做终止妊娠", "C": "做胎儿性别鉴定", "D": "做结扎手术"}, "answer": "做胎儿性别鉴定", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "早期治疗化脓性髋关节炎最好的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "合理有效抗生素加石膏固定", "B": "足量有效抗生素加支持治疗", "C": "足量有效抗生素加关节穿刺抽液并注入抗生素", "D": "切开引流,使用足量抗生素"}, "answer": "切开引流,使用足量抗生素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于室间隔缺损的心脏听诊,以下错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸骨左缘3、4肋间闻及3/6~4/6级粗糙的全收缩期杂音", "B": "干下型合并主动脉瓣关闭不全时,于主动脉瓣第二听诊区闻及高音调舒张期杂音", "C": "P2减弱", "D": "P2>A2"}, "answer": "P2减弱", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "8个月婴儿,体重8kg,腹泻4天,每天10余次,尿很少,精神萎靡,呼吸深长,皮肤发花,弹性差,前囟、眼眶明显凹陷,肢冷脉弱,心率160次/min,心音低钝。4.如给该患儿从第一阶段开始补液,用2:1等张含钠液的正确方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "20ml/kg,于30~60min内静脉推注", "B": "20ml/kg,速度为每小时8~10ml/kg", "C": "20ml/kg,速度为每小时5ml/kg", "D": "20ml/kg,2h静滴完"}, "answer": "20ml/kg,于30~60min内静脉推注", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是地西泮抗焦虑的作用部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "大脑皮层", "B": "下丘脑", "C": "边缘系统", "D": "脑干网状结构"}, "answer": "边缘系统", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "正常人血中HCO3-与H2CO3之比为(  )。", "options": {"A": "15:1", "B": "10:1", "C": "20:1", "D": "25:1"}, "answer": "20:1", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.在一个心动周期中,动脉血压的最高值称(  )。", "options": {"A": "收缩压", "B": "脉压", "C": "平均动脉压", "D": "中心静脉压"}, "answer": "收缩压", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某护士在给一位乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)携带者注射时,不慎被病人用过的针头刺伤手指。为预防乙型肝炎病毒感染,首先应采取下列哪项措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "注射α−干扰素", "B": "注射丙种球蛋白", "C": "注射乙型肝炎疫苗", "D": "注射抗生素"}, "answer": "注射丙种球蛋白", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.登革病毒的传播方式是经(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸道传播", "B": "虫媒传播", "C": "消化道传播", "D": "血液传播"}, "answer": "虫媒传播", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,60岁。双下肢水肿2周。既往高血压10年,平时血压140/90mmHg,糖尿病3年。尿蛋白3.8g/d,尿红细胞3~5/HP,血Alb 29g/L,空腹Glu 8.5mmol/L,Scr 198μmol/L。双侧眼底出血。以下最支持糖尿病肾病诊断的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "空腹血糖高", "B": "眼底出血", "C": "水肿", "D": "糖尿病病史3年"}, "answer": "眼底出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.右心房或胸腔大静脉内的血压称(  )。", "options": {"A": "收缩压", "B": "脉压", "C": "平均动脉压", "D": "中心静脉压"}, "answer": "中心静脉压", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,35岁。2小时前从3米高处跌下去。右腰部撞击到硬物上,当即感到腰部剧烈疼痛,随后出现肉眼血尿。查体:P 190/分,BP 80/50mmHg,右腰部淤血,触痛明显,血Hb 86g/L。B超示右肾影增大。2.正确处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "输液、输血稳定血压", "B": "卧床休息", "C": "抗炎治疗", "D": "抗休克治疗+手术探查"}, "answer": "抗休克治疗+手术探查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1岁半小儿,4天前发热,咳嗽、流涕,今晨发现前额及耳后浅红色斑丘疹,两眼泪汪汪,咽喉充血,眼结膜充血,口腔粘膜红,精神不振,肺呼吸音粗。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "风疹", "B": "幼儿急疹", "C": "麻疹", "D": "肠道病毒感染"}, "answer": "麻疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,36岁。春节乘长途汽车回家途中,突然感觉心前区发闷,呼吸困难,出汗,觉得自己就要不行了,不能自控,要发疯,为此感到紧张,害怕,立即被送到医院急诊,未经特殊处理,半小时后症状消失,体格检查正常。2.该患者首先需要做的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头颅CT", "B": "ECG", "C": "EEG", "D": "胸部X线片"}, "answer": "ECG", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于病毒癌基因的叙述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "又称原癌基因", "B": "感染宿主细胞能引起恶性转化", "C": "感染宿主细胞能随机整合于宿主细胞基因组", "D": "主要存在于RNA病毒基因中"}, "answer": "又称原癌基因", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,50岁。妊娠5次,生产3次。近来有阴道不规律出血。妇科检查发现子宫颈肥厚,病理检查为鳞状细胞癌,作子宫颈癌根治术,切除子宫。病理检查可见子宫颈肥厚,显微镜检查可见部分癌细胞穿破基底膜达2cm,部分癌细胞浸润于肌层。请判断属于下列哪一项?(  )", "options": {"A": "早期浸润癌", "B": "内生浸润型", "C": "溃疡型", "D": "外生菜花型"}, "answer": "内生浸润型", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5.AFP是(  )。", "options": {"A": "异种抗原", "B": "同种异型抗原", "C": "自身抗原", "D": "肿瘤相关抗原"}, "answer": "肿瘤相关抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "智商同为85,其一是山区农民,结合他受教育程度和所处环境,考虑其智力基本正常;其二是某大学教授,结合其他表现,考虑有大脑退行性改变的可能,这是遵循心理测验的(  )。", "options": {"A": "保密性原则", "B": "客观性原则", "C": "统一性原则", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "客观性原则", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.巨噬细胞(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫屏障(外部)", "B": "免疫屏障(内部)", "C": "病毒抑制物", "D": "细胞作用"}, "answer": "细胞作用", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "属于白色血栓的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "延续血栓的体部", "B": "阻塞冠状动脉左前降支的血栓", "C": "疣状血栓性心内膜炎的疣状赘生物", "D": "基底动脉的血栓"}, "answer": "疣状血栓性心内膜炎的疣状赘生物", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "血液中降钙素主要由下列哪种细胞产生?(  )", "options": {"A": "胰岛B细胞", "B": "胰岛A细胞", "C": "甲状腺C细胞", "D": "甲状旁腺细胞"}, "answer": "甲状腺C细胞", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.高剂量TD抗原(  )。", "options": {"A": "引起T细胞免疫耐受", "B": "引起B细胞免疫耐受", "C": "引起T、B细胞免疫耐受", "D": "不引起免疫耐受"}, "answer": "引起T、B细胞免疫耐受", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,32岁,间断喘息5年,无明显规律,发作期间无不适,此次因“气喘6小时”来院,查体:T 36.8℃,端坐呼吸,口唇发绀,双肺呼吸音低,呼气相明显延长,未闻及哮鸣音。血常规:WBC 8.3×109/L,N 0.75,该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管哮喘", "B": "心源性哮喘", "C": "过敏性肺炎", "D": "肺栓塞"}, "answer": "支气管哮喘", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.哪项是丹毒的致病菌?(  )", "options": {"A": "β-溶血性链球菌", "B": "梭状芽胞杆菌", "C": "大肠杆菌", "D": "铜绿假单胞菌"}, "answer": "β-溶血性链球菌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.软骨肉瘤(  )。", "options": {"A": "20~40岁", "B": "15~25岁", "C": "5~15岁", "D": "30岁以上的成年人"}, "answer": "30岁以上的成年人", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某患者单独进入百货商场购物时,就会感到胸闷、出冷汗,所以一直回避这些场所。心理治疗师详尽地了解了患者焦虑的场合和回避的程度,训练患者学习放松技术,制定了一个等级表进行分级暴露。这种治疗方法属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "厌恶疗法", "B": "示范法", "C": "系统脱敏法", "D": "消退法"}, "answer": "系统脱敏法", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肱骨髁上骨折最容易出现的晚期并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肱动脉损伤", "B": "肘内翻畸形", "C": "肘关节外翻畸形", "D": "尺神经损伤"}, "answer": "肘内翻畸形", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于糖皮质激素治疗溃疡性结肠炎的说法中,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "特别适合于重型活动性溃疡性结肠炎", "B": "不可用于灌肠治疗", "C": "不可与柳氮磺胺吡啶联合治疗", "D": "可以作为试验性治疗,用于溃疡性结肠炎的鉴别诊断"}, "answer": "特别适合于重型活动性溃疡性结肠炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女孩,4岁,咳嗽、呼吸困难2天入院。查体:口唇微绀,心率130次/分,胸骨左缘第3、4肋间闻及3级粗糙收缩期杂音,肺动脉第二音稍强,两肺闻及细小水泡音。该患儿诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "室间隔缺损并发肺炎", "B": "法洛四联症并发肺炎", "C": "房间隔缺损并发肺炎", "D": "房缺伴肺炎、心衰"}, "answer": "室间隔缺损并发肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有关恶性肿瘤转移机制的描述哪项错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "乳腺癌上皮黏连素表达减少,瘤细胞分散", "B": "编码上皮黏连素的DNA插入癌细胞基因组,可使其丧失转移能力", "C": "肠癌细胞表面的层黏连蛋白受体密度与其侵袭性呈负相关", "D": "浸润性癌Ⅳ型胶原酶活性增高"}, "answer": "肠癌细胞表面的层黏连蛋白受体密度与其侵袭性呈负相关", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某产妇,难产后大出血致腺垂体功能减退,在激素替代治疗时应首先使用(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺素", "B": "ACTH", "C": "肾上腺皮质激素", "D": "TSH"}, "answer": "肾上腺皮质激素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "由纤维包裹所致的病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺结核瘤", "B": "动脉瘤", "C": "梗死瘢痕", "D": "纤维瘤"}, "answer": "肺结核瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "细菌细胞浆重要结构包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤回体", "B": "质粒", "C": "核蛋白体", "D": "以上均是"}, "answer": "以上均是", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.剖宫产儿母亲应用过杜冷丁,生后呼吸不好需要(  )。", "options": {"A": "清理呼吸道,触觉刺激", "B": "应用纳洛酮", "C": "心脏按压", "D": "呼吸兴奋剂应用"}, "answer": "应用纳洛酮", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5.国家推行(  )。", "options": {"A": "医疗废物集中无害化处置", "B": "负责组织建设医疗废物集中处置设施", "C": "对医疗废物收集、运送、贮存、处置活动的环境污染防治工作实施统一监督管理", "D": "在各自的职责范围内负责与医疗废物处置有关的监督管理工作"}, "answer": "医疗废物集中无害化处置", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "脂肪酸氧化过程中不需要(  )。", "options": {"A": "肉碱参与", "B": "NAD+参与", "C": "NADP+参与", "D": "CoASH参与"}, "answer": "NADP+参与", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "受MHC限制的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CTL杀伤病毒感染细胞", "B": "巨噬细胞吞噬细胞", "C": "抗体结合病毒", "D": "树突状细胞摄取抗原"}, "answer": "树突状细胞摄取抗原", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "引起血源性肺脓肿最常见的病原菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "粪链球菌", "B": "葡萄球菌", "C": "大肠埃希菌", "D": "肺炎克雷伯杆菌"}, "answer": "葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,48岁,G2P2,月经周期紊乱,体潮热1年,阴道流血35天,伴头晕,乏力l0天,妇科检查宫颈轻度糜烂,无触血,子宫大小形态正常,双侧附件区未触及异常。超声检查示:子宫内膜厚0.8cm,无流血信号。1.对明确诊断最有价值的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫颈细胞学检查", "B": "尿妊娠试验", "C": "性激素水平测定", "D": "诊断性刮宫"}, "answer": "诊断性刮宫", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于局部兴奋的特征中哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "可总和", "B": "电位大小随刺激强度而改变", "C": "无不应期", "D": "有全或无现象"}, "answer": "有全或无现象", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.小儿淋巴系统发育的规律是(  )。", "options": {"A": "先快后慢", "B": "先达高峰后下降", "C": "先近端后远端", "D": "年龄越小发育越快"}, "answer": "先达高峰后下降", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "早产儿出生后即出现进行性呼吸困难,最可能发生的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸入性肺炎", "B": "新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征", "C": "胎粪吸入综合征", "D": "湿肺"}, "answer": "新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.神经纤维兴奋时所产生的Na+内流和K+外流,通过什么机制得以恢复静息状态?(  )", "options": {"A": "脂质双分子层", "B": "通道蛋白", "C": "钠泵", "D": "钙泵"}, "answer": "钠泵", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.女,45岁,多年来患类风湿性关节炎,服用本药半年效果明显,近来出现喘息,注射肾上腺素无效(  )。", "options": {"A": "吲哚美辛", "B": "米帕明", "C": "哌替啶", "D": "氯丙嗪"}, "answer": "吲哚美辛", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于慢性风湿性瓣膜病的叙述中,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "瓣膜硬化", "B": "腱索增粗", "C": "瓣膜增厚卷曲", "D": "瓣膜穿孔,腱索断裂"}, "answer": "瓣膜穿孔,腱索断裂", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "β-地中海贫血患者的β-珠蛋白基因第一个内含子序列由G变为A,导致错误的剪接,致使mRNA中的密码发生改变的结果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "缬氨酸变谷氨酸", "B": "使蛋白质合成提前终止", "C": "使蛋白质合成终止后移", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "缬氨酸变谷氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在ABCDE复苏方案中最重要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尽量吸净呼吸道黏液", "B": "建立呼吸,增加通气", "C": "维持循环,保证心搏量", "D": "评价"}, "answer": "尽量吸净呼吸道黏液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.可以直接转变为谷氨酸的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙酰乙酸", "B": "丙二酸", "C": "丙酮酸", "D": "α-酮戊二酸"}, "answer": "α-酮戊二酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.可引起巨幼红细胞性贫血的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯喹", "B": "奎宁", "C": "伯氨喹", "D": "乙胺嘧啶"}, "answer": "乙胺嘧啶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.类白血病样反应(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓细胞内可见Auer小体", "B": "中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶积分增高", "C": "糖原染色阳性", "D": "非特异性酯酶(+),阳性可被氟化钠抑制"}, "answer": "中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶积分增高", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "恶性高血压的肾脏特征病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球纤维化", "B": "肾细小动脉纤维素样坏死", "C": "肾小叶间动脉内膜增厚", "D": "肾小球毛细血管内血栓形成"}, "answer": "肾细小动脉纤维素样坏死", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "面颊部开放性损伤,受伤后12小时来诊,局部处理宜(  )。", "options": {"A": "清创后不予缝合", "B": "清创后延期缝合", "C": "清创后一期缝合", "D": "以上均不是"}, "answer": "清创后一期缝合", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "绒毛膜癌由下列哪种癌细胞组成(  )。", "options": {"A": "梭形癌细胞", "B": "合体滋养细胞样癌细胞", "C": "淋巴样癌细胞", "D": "A和C"}, "answer": "A和C", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,65岁,高血压病史18年,近日有时夜间出现胸闷,并有频发的阵发性室上性心动过速,此时最宜选用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "普萘洛尔", "B": "硝苯地平", "C": "维拉帕米", "D": "卡托普利"}, "answer": "维拉帕米", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "20世纪,Forssman用豚鼠、肝脾、肾上腺制备的生理盐水悬液注射家兔,得到抗体,抗体除与相应的抗原反应外,还可使绵羊RBC发生凝集,出现这一现象是因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "豚鼠脏器与绵羊RBC间有共同抗原决定簇", "B": "可能绵羊RBC发生了自身凝集", "C": "豚鼠脏器在制备过程中抗原结构发生了改变", "D": "体外实验中,绵羊RBC的抗原性发生了改变"}, "answer": "豚鼠脏器与绵羊RBC间有共同抗原决定簇", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.结核病以坏死为主的病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上皮样细胞和郎汉斯巨细胞", "B": "异物巨细胞", "C": "干酪样坏死", "D": "液化性坏死"}, "answer": "干酪样坏死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是血红素合成的限速酶?(  )", "options": {"A": "尿卟啉原Ⅰ合成酶", "B": "ALA合酶", "C": "ALA脱水酶", "D": "尿卟啉原Ⅲ合成酶"}, "answer": "ALA合酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.风湿性心包炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "球形心", "B": "靴形心", "C": "绒毛心", "D": "虎斑心"}, "answer": "绒毛心", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "胃壁细胞抗体阳性提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃泌素瘤", "B": "胃体胃炎", "C": "胃窦胃炎", "D": "胃溃疡"}, "answer": "胃体胃炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.胸部X线片示心影呈“烧瓶样”。提示的心脏异常是(  )。", "options": {"A": "二尖瓣狭窄", "B": "主动脉瓣关闭不全", "C": "二尖瓣关闭不全", "D": "心包积液"}, "answer": "心包积液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,38岁,车祸伤及头部,当即出现右侧鼻唇沟变浅,右外耳道流出淡血性液体,右耳听力下降,CT示颅内少量积气,主要诊断应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅前窝骨折", "B": "颅中窝骨折", "C": "颅后窝骨折", "D": "颞骨骨折"}, "answer": "颅中窝骨折", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,22岁,患糖尿病7年,一直用胰岛素治疗。1小时前昏迷,检查皮肤湿冷,血压120/80mmHg,BUN 4.3mmol/L,CO2CP 22.0mmol/L。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高渗性非酮症性糖尿病昏迷", "B": "糖尿病酮症酸中毒昏迷", "C": "低血糖昏迷", "D": "脑血管疾病"}, "answer": "低血糖昏迷", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "原核生物多肽合成的延长阶段需要将氨基酰-tRNA带入核糖体A位,与mRNA密码识别,参与这一作用的延长因子成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "EFTu-GTP", "B": "EFTG", "C": "EFTs", "D": "EFTs-GTP"}, "answer": "EFTu-GTP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肺动脉瓣区第二音亢进和固定分裂多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "法洛四联症", "C": "室间隔缺损", "D": "肺动脉瓣狭窄"}, "answer": "房间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列关于研究方法说法正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "观察法都在自然环境中进行", "B": "实验法通常很难控制无关变量的影响", "C": "个案法只可用于前期研究", "D": "抽样法的关键是取样大小问题"}, "answer": "实验法通常很难控制无关变量的影响", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.身体状况不符合献血条件的献血者属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "献血者年龄25岁健康男子", "B": "不得采集血液的对象", "C": "不合格的血液", "D": "献血者年龄18~55岁"}, "answer": "不得采集血液的对象", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,外伤性颅内血肿入院,右侧瞳孔散大,首选的紧急处置是(  )。", "options": {"A": "气管切开防止脑乏氧", "B": "快速静点甘露醇", "C": "尽快钻孔探查血肿", "D": "头颅CT扫描,明确血肿部位"}, "answer": "快速静点甘露醇", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "结核分枝杆菌的主要致病物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内毒素", "B": "外毒素", "C": "菌毛和荚膜", "D": "脂质等菌体成分"}, "answer": "脂质等菌体成分", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,26岁,汽车修配厂工人,2天前抬轮胎时失手,腰部骤然有撕裂感,随即剧痛,自今晨起疼痛向右下肢放散,咳嗽与排便时疼痛加剧。查体:腰部僵硬,腰肌活动明显受限,右棘突旁明显压痛,直腿抬高试验左侧60°、右侧45°,加强试验阳性。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性腰扭伤", "B": "腰间盘突出症", "C": "腰部肌筋膜炎", "D": "腰椎屈曲型压缩骨折"}, "answer": "腰间盘突出症", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某HIV感染者,近日出现继发感染、衰竭、免疫缺陷等AIDS症状,入院治疗。下列哪项是目前认为最有效的治疗药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "金刚烷胺", "B": "叠氮胸苷(齐多夫定)", "C": "无环鸟苷(阿昔洛韦)", "D": "脱氧鸟苷"}, "answer": "叠氮胸苷(齐多夫定)", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,24岁。停经49天,诊断为早期妊娠。在行人工流产负压吸宫术时,突然出现面色苍白、出汗、头晕、胸闷。体检:体温36.6℃,血压90/60mmHg,心率56次/分。1.患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "仰卧位低血压综合征", "B": "人工流产综合反应", "C": "漏吸", "D": "羊水栓塞"}, "answer": "人工流产综合反应", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男婴,10个月,血象:白细胞10×109/L,中性粒细胞占0.6,淋巴细胞占0.35,单核细胞占0.02。下列哪一个结论是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "总数分类均正常", "B": "总数正常,分类不正常", "C": "总数不正常,分类正常", "D": "总数偏高,淋巴细胞偏低"}, "answer": "总数正常,分类不正常", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "什么酶在神经—骨骼肌接头中消除乙酰胆碱(  )。", "options": {"A": "磷酸二酯酶", "B": "胆碱酯酶", "C": "ATP酶", "D": "单胺氧化酶"}, "answer": "胆碱酯酶", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.急性细菌性痢疾属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "假膜性炎", "B": "肉芽肿性炎", "C": "卡他性炎", "D": "变质性炎"}, "answer": "假膜性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,32岁。锐器刺伤右上腹1小时。查体:T 36.5℃,P 100次/分,R 26次/分,BP 100/65mmHg,双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心率100次/分,心律齐。诊断性腹腔刺抽出不凝血。急症手术探查。正确的腹腔探查顺序首先探查(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃后壁及胰腺", "B": "右肾", "C": "肝脏", "D": "胃、十二指肠"}, "answer": "肝脏", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,55岁,黑矇4年,伴胸闷乏力,近1年加重。查体:心界不大,心率45次/分,节律不齐,双肺无啰音,下肢无水肿。2.可做哪项检查协助诊断,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿托品试验", "B": "食管调搏", "C": "心腔内电生理检查", "D": "右心导管"}, "answer": "食管调搏", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性颜面或下肢感染伴发热,病变呈鲜红色,边缘稍隆起,与正常皮肤界限清楚,指压可使红色消退,压力除去后红色很快恢复。最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性淋巴管炎", "B": "气性坏疽", "C": "深部脓肿", "D": "丹毒"}, "answer": "丹毒", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,58岁。高热两天,咳嗽,咳铁锈色痰,白细胞增高,胸片呈左上肺片状阴影。最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "军团菌肺炎", "B": "肺曲菌病", "C": "链球菌肺炎", "D": "卡式囊虫肺炎"}, "answer": "链球菌肺炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.患者感到有大量的不受自我意志支配的联想涌现,有种被强行塞入脑中的感受。此症状属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "强迫观念", "B": "强迫行为", "C": "强制性思维", "D": "被害妄想"}, "answer": "强制性思维", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是对巨噬细胞具有抑制作用的细胞因子?(  )", "options": {"A": "CSF", "B": "IL-2", "C": "IFN-γ", "D": "TGF-β"}, "answer": "TGF-β", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者肩下列左侧深感觉障碍,右侧痛温觉障碍,左上肢周围性瘫,左下肢中枢性瘫,其病变位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "右侧颈膨大", "B": "左侧颈膨大", "C": "左侧上颈髓(C2~4)", "D": "右侧上位胸髓"}, "answer": "左侧颈膨大", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肺活量等于(  )。", "options": {"A": "潮气量+补呼气量", "B": "潮气量+补吸气量", "C": "潮气量+补吸气量+补呼气量", "D": "肺容量+补吸气量"}, "answer": "潮气量+补吸气量+补呼气量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,40岁,农民,发热、头痛、腰痛、恶心3天。体检:体温39.2℃,血压95/65mmHg,面颈及前胸部皮肤潮红,球结膜充血、水肿,可见出血点,腋下及背部见条索状出血点。拟诊断为流行性出血热。5.流行性出血热重症患者发热与全身症状的关系为(  )。", "options": {"A": "热退后全身症状缓解", "B": "热退后全身症状加重", "C": "发热与全身症状无明显关系", "D": "发热期全身症状最重"}, "answer": "热退后全身症状加重", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "骨折切开复位比闭合复位的最大优点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "达到解剖复位", "B": "降低感染风险", "C": "制动时间缩短", "D": "减少骨折部位创伤"}, "answer": "达到解剖复位", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.医师之间应恪守的道德规范是(  )。", "options": {"A": "彼此信任,互相协作", "B": "关心,爱护,尊重患者,保护患者隐私", "C": "努力消除歧视,促进医疗卫生资源的公平分配", "D": "努力钻研业务,更新知识,提高专业技术水平"}, "answer": "彼此信任,互相协作", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "“过客白细胞”是(  )。", "options": {"A": "受者体内的APC", "B": "移植物中的APC", "C": "受者体内的CD4+T细胞", "D": "受者体内的单核细胞"}, "answer": "移植物中的APC", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "枕骨大孔疝临床表现的主要特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "剧烈头痛", "B": "烦躁不安", "C": "血压升高", "D": "早期发生呼吸骤停"}, "answer": "早期发生呼吸骤停", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,32岁。周期性空腹及夜间上腹痛4年,饱食后突发剧烈上腹痛3小时。查体:上腹部腹肌紧张,压痛阳性。肝浊音界消失。2.为明确诊断应选择的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立位腹部X线平片", "B": "红细胞沉降率", "C": "超声检查", "D": "大便隐血试验"}, "answer": "立位腹部X线平片", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "陈某,毕业于中等卫校,在乡卫生院工作,2000年取得执业助理医师执业证书。他要参加执业医师资格考试,根据《执业医师法》规定,应取得执业助理医师执业证书后,在医疗机构中工作满(  )。", "options": {"A": "6年", "B": "5年", "C": "3年", "D": "2年"}, "answer": "5年", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于底蜕膜的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "构成胎盘的胎儿部分", "B": "产生孕激素", "C": "合成激素和酶", "D": "构成胎盘母体面"}, "answer": "构成胎盘母体面", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "我国实施的儿童计划免疫程序规定新生儿期仅可接种(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡介苗", "B": "百白破三联疫苗", "C": "麻疹疫苗", "D": "乙脑疫苗"}, "answer": "卡介苗", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3~6个月佝偻病患儿多见的骨骼系统改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸廓畸形", "B": "手镯、脚镯征", "C": "颅骨软化", "D": "下肢畸形"}, "answer": "颅骨软化", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "跌倒,手掌撑地,肩外展、外旋,出现肩痛、肿胀、活动受限,Dugas征阳性。该病人肩部的畸形是(  )。", "options": {"A": "屈曲内收、内旋", "B": "屈曲外展、外旋", "C": "方肩", "D": "肩过度膨隆"}, "answer": "方肩", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩,5岁,发热,喷射性呕吐3天,伴剧烈头痛1天,全身性抽搐2次,每次约3分钟缓解,抽搐后嗜睡。查体:神志恍惚,面色灰白,体温38.8℃。末梢血检查:白细胞明显升高,以中性粒细胞为主。1.若患儿拟诊化脓性脑膜炎,最可能见到的体征为(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈强,瞳孔不等大", "B": "呼吸不规则,深昏迷,对光反射消失", "C": "颈强,神经系统检查有异常", "D": "四肢瘫软,肌张力低下"}, "answer": "颈强,神经系统检查有异常", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "新生儿是指从出生到生后(  )。", "options": {"A": "30天内的婴儿", "B": "28天内的婴儿", "C": "14天内的婴儿", "D": "60天内的婴儿"}, "answer": "28天内的婴儿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "毛果芸香碱主要用于治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "青光眼", "B": "重症肌无力", "C": "房室传导阻滞", "D": "有机磷农药中毒"}, "answer": "青光眼", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述结构中靠近食管胸部右侧的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上腔静脉", "B": "奇静脉弓", "C": "主动脉弓", "D": "胸腺组织"}, "answer": "奇静脉弓", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "首例艾滋病的报告时间为(  )。", "options": {"A": "1975年", "B": "1981年", "C": "1985年", "D": "1978年"}, "answer": "1981年", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "6个月小儿,诊断为化脓性脑膜炎,治疗1周后全身症状明显好转,体温正常,脑脊液正常,但前囟门又膨隆,头围增大,双眼下视,可考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "继发病毒性脑炎", "B": "并发脑积水", "C": "并发硬膜下积液", "D": "并发脑室管膜炎"}, "answer": "并发脑积水", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "腰椎间盘突出症,感觉减退出现在外踝部及足背外侧,踝反射异常,压迫的神经根是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰4神经根", "B": "腰3神经根", "C": "腰5神经根", "D": "骶1神经根"}, "answer": "骶1神经根", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "与胰岛素合用可造成严重低血糖反应的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯丙嗪", "B": "普萘洛尔", "C": "氯噻嗪", "D": "硫脲类药"}, "answer": "普萘洛尔", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肝素的抗凝血作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "加速抗凝血酶Ⅲ灭活各种凝血因子", "B": "抑制凝血因子的合成", "C": "直接灭活各种凝血因子", "D": "激活纤溶酶"}, "answer": "加速抗凝血酶Ⅲ灭活各种凝血因子", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.在第一代头孢菌素中肌内注射后血药浓度最高的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "头孢唑啉", "B": "头孢他定", "C": "头孢哌酮", "D": "头孢噻肟"}, "answer": "头孢唑啉", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "脊髓半横断(Brown-Sequard)综合征常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "Guillain-Barre综合征", "B": "急性脊髓炎", "C": "脊髓髓外肿瘤", "D": "脊髓空洞症"}, "answer": "脊髓髓外肿瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者男性,30岁,被汽油烧伤头颈、双上肢和胸腹部,其烧伤面积约为(  )。", "options": {"A": "20%", "B": "30%", "C": "40%", "D": "50%"}, "answer": "40%", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,26岁。大学文化,3天前听到自己丈夫在空难中死亡的噩耗后,突然表现动作减少,目光呆滞,表情漠然。言语迟缓,对问话的回答只字片语,该患者的精神症状属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "亚木僵状态", "B": "谵妄状态", "C": "抑郁状态", "D": "偏执状态"}, "answer": "亚木僵状态", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.非蛋白性凝血因子(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅻ因子", "B": "X因子", "C": "Ⅷ因子", "D": "Ⅳ因子"}, "answer": "Ⅳ因子", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,32岁。因肝损伤急症手术。曾患甲型肝炎已治愈。术中见肝右叶外侧5cm裂口,深3cm。术后肝肾功能检查正常,食欲、体力恢复正常。肝脏损伤得以顺利修复,从内环境分析,主要起再生作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不稳定细胞", "B": "肥大细胞", "C": "纤维细胞", "D": "稳定细胞"}, "answer": "稳定细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿10岁,高热、头痛、呕吐1周余。体检:脑膜刺激征阳性,脑脊液中查到抗酸杆菌。考虑患哪一种疾病的可能性最大?(  )", "options": {"A": "流行性乙型脑炎", "B": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "C": "沙门杆菌脑膜炎", "D": "结核性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "结核性脑膜炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "产程中,产妇子宫出现的病理性缩复环提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎位异常", "B": "先兆子宫破裂", "C": "子宫破裂", "D": "软产道异常"}, "answer": "先兆子宫破裂", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "T淋巴细胞产生的细胞因子中不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "IL-1", "B": "IL-2", "C": "IFN-γ", "D": "TNF-β"}, "answer": "IL-1", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在下述哪种情况下尿中胆素原族排泄量减少?(  )", "options": {"A": "肠道阻塞", "B": "肝功能轻度损伤", "C": "碱中毒", "D": "胆道阻塞"}, "answer": "胆道阻塞", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.正常成年人平均每分钟流经脑组织的血流总量(  )。", "options": {"A": "1400~1500ml", "B": "1000~1200ml", "C": "400~600ml", "D": "60~80ml"}, "answer": "1000~1200ml", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,30岁。发现颈部包块2年,包块逐渐增大,无甲亢表现,目前有憋闷感。查体:右侧甲状腺可触及4cm×3cm包块,光滑,质软,随吞咽上下移动,无压痛,未触及肿大淋巴结。核素扫描:甲状腺右叶温结节。建议手术治疗,最主要的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "易发生继发感染", "B": "用力后包块易破裂", "C": "可继发甲亢", "D": "有压迫症状"}, "answer": "有压迫症状", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "脓血症的主要特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高热", "B": "寒战", "C": "白细胞计数明显增高", "D": "转移性脓肿"}, "answer": "转移性脓肿", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "FAB分型中,巨核细胞白血病的分型属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "AML-M2", "B": "AML-M6", "C": "AML-M3", "D": "AML-M7"}, "answer": "AML-M7", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性农民,11月份因发热、头痛、呕吐3天为主诉入院。查体:面颈部潮红,双腋下少许出血点。尿常规:蛋白质+,红细胞3~10个/HP。末梢血象:自细胞23.0×109/L,异型淋巴细胞0.11,血小板48×109/L。2.住院两天后,热退但症状加重,出血点增加,四肢厥冷,脉搏细弱,血压80/60mmHg,此时对该患者的治疗原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "以扩容为主", "B": "以应用血管活性药物为主", "C": "以纠正酸中毒为主", "D": "以输入胶体液为主"}, "answer": "以扩容为主", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "哪种疾病不会引起脑脊液变黄?(  )", "options": {"A": "脊髓肿瘤", "B": "急性脊髓炎", "C": "结核性脑膜炎", "D": "蛛网膜下腔出血"}, "answer": "急性脊髓炎", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "做子宫与附件切除时,切除下述哪根韧带容易损伤输尿管?(  )", "options": {"A": "骨盆漏斗韧带", "B": "骶骨韧带", "C": "主韧带", "D": "阔韧带"}, "answer": "主韧带", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,45岁,发现左乳房肿块10个月,近日发现左腋下淋巴结肿大而来就诊,体检:左乳房外上象限可扪及一5cm×5cm×4cm大小的肿块,质硬,推不动,乳房皮肤表面呈橘皮样,左侧腋窝可触及直径约1.5cm肿大淋巴结2个,无压痛,可移动。2.此病变为哪一期?(  )", "options": {"A": "Ⅰ期", "B": "Ⅱ期", "C": "Ⅲ期", "D": "Ⅳ期"}, "answer": "Ⅲ期", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "26岁初产妇,足月,规律宫缩4小时,枕左前位,估计胎儿体重2600g,胎心144次/分。产科检查:宫口开大3cm,未破膜,S=+1,骨盆外测量未见异常。2.若此后宫缩逐渐减弱,产程达16小时,胎膜已破,宫口开大7cm,此时恰当的处理应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌内注射缩宫素", "B": "静脉注射麦角新碱", "C": "静脉滴注缩宫素", "D": "静脉注射地西泮"}, "answer": "静脉滴注缩宫素", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项临床表现对诊断门脉高压有特征性价值?(  )", "options": {"A": "侧支循环建立和开放", "B": "肝缩小", "C": "肝质地变硬", "D": "腹水"}, "answer": "侧支循环建立和开放", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "TCR识别Ag后向细胞传递信息的分子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD3", "B": "CD2", "C": "CD8", "D": "CD28"}, "answer": "CD3", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有一名60岁女性患者,2个半月前有车祸头受伤史,当时有一过性意识障碍,伤后头痛,逐渐好转。近半个月又出现头痛,越来越重。头颅CT示右额颞顶低密度新月状影像,脑室中线受压移位。1.诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右额颞顶急性硬膜外血肿", "B": "右额颞顶慢性硬膜下血肿", "C": "右额颞顶急性硬膜下血肿", "D": "右额颞顶慢性硬膜外血肿"}, "answer": "右额颞顶慢性硬膜下血肿", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,48岁。右季肋区疼痛3月。既往有乙型病毒性肝炎病史10年。B超检查见肝右叶巨大肿块。血AFP增高。符合该肿瘤病理学特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肿瘤组织间质较多", "B": "癌细胞呈腺管状排列", "C": "癌细胞与肝细胞类似", "D": "发生于肝内胆管上皮最多见"}, "answer": "癌细胞与肝细胞类似", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.中毒性菌痢(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖皮质激素大剂量冲击疗法", "B": "糖皮质激素小剂量替代疗法", "C": "糖皮质激素大剂量长期疗法", "D": "维持量疗法"}, "answer": "糖皮质激素大剂量冲击疗法", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "左向右分流型先心病手术禁忌证(  )。", "options": {"A": "右室大,肺动脉第二音增强", "B": "左室大,心脏杂音响亮,传导广泛", "C": "出现梗阻型肺动脉高压致反向分流者", "D": "右房大,伴三尖瓣舒张期隆隆样杂音"}, "answer": "出现梗阻型肺动脉高压致反向分流者", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "属于沉淀反应的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "火箭电泳", "B": "肥达反应", "C": "免疫妊娠试验", "D": "补体结合试验"}, "answer": "火箭电泳", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男孩,1.5岁。半年前发现智力较同龄儿童低,尿有霉臭味,近1个月经常抽搐发作。体检:表情呆滞,毛发棕黄,面部湿疹,皮肤白皙。3.应采取的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "观察,抽搐时给予止抽搐药物", "B": "静推10%葡萄糖酸钙,同时口服维生素D", "C": "限制苯丙氨酸摄入量", "D": "口服碘化钾"}, "answer": "限制苯丙氨酸摄入量", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "欲比较两种药物的效果是否有差别,若疗效评定为“很有效,较有效,效果一般,基本无效”。宜采用的统计分析方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡方检验", "B": "方差分析", "C": "回归分析", "D": "秩和检验"}, "answer": "秩和检验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.昏迷病人的求医行为属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动型", "B": "被动型", "C": "参与型", "D": "合作型"}, "answer": "被动型", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医学伦理学最古老、最有生命力的医德范畴是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医疗公正", "B": "医疗权利", "C": "医疗荣誉", "D": "医疗义务"}, "answer": "医疗义务", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5.谦虚谨慎,过分合作(  )。", "options": {"A": "A型行为", "B": "B型行为", "C": "C型行为", "D": "D型行为"}, "answer": "C型行为", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "30岁,已婚妇女,停经48天,剧烈腹痛2天,阴道不规则流血1天,今晨从阴道排出三角形膜样组织,检查:贫血外貌,下腹部压痛,反跳痛明显。正确治疗措施应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即行刮宫术", "B": "静脉滴注缩宫素", "C": "肌注麦角新碱", "D": "行剖腹探查术"}, "answer": "行剖腹探查术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不属于精神分裂症常见症状的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阳性症状", "B": "冲动行为", "C": "记忆力减退", "D": "情感症状"}, "answer": "记忆力减退", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "胃溃疡最少见的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癌变", "B": "呕血", "C": "幽门梗阻", "D": "黑便"}, "answer": "癌变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症的隐性体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "巴宾斯基征", "B": "布鲁辛基征", "C": "面神经征", "D": "克尼格征"}, "answer": "面神经征", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哪项是肌肉中最主要的脱氨基方式?(  )", "options": {"A": "加水脱氨基作用", "B": "嘌呤核苷酸循环", "C": "氨基转换作用", "D": "L–谷氨酸氧化脱氨基作用"}, "answer": "嘌呤核苷酸循环", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "通过蛋白激酶C通路发挥作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "加压素", "B": "心钠素", "C": "胰岛素", "D": "甲状腺素"}, "answer": "加压素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "假定该医院配制的治疗皮肤病的制剂治疗效果甚佳,该医院决定将该制剂推广到市场进行销售,则此医院的做法是否正确(  )。", "options": {"A": "正确,因为是医院制剂室自行配制的,可以由医院自主决定是否在市场上销售", "B": "错误,医疗机构配制的制剂不得在市场上销售或变相销售", "C": "错误,医院在将该制剂投放市场之前应报请当地卫生行政部门批准", "D": "错误,医院在将该制剂投放市场之前应报请当地药品监督管理部门批准"}, "answer": "错误,医疗机构配制的制剂不得在市场上销售或变相销售", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性肾功能不全恶化的常见诱因应除外(  )。", "options": {"A": "感染、发热", "B": "外伤、失血", "C": "呕吐伴腹泻", "D": "血尿酸或血钙过低"}, "answer": "血尿酸或血钙过低", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,65岁。因呼吸困难、下肢水肿2周就诊。既往COPD病史15年。该患者体格检查时最不可能的体征(  )。", "options": {"A": "桶状胸", "B": "二尖瓣收缩期杂音", "C": "颈静脉怒张", "D": "三尖瓣收缩期杂音"}, "answer": "二尖瓣收缩期杂音", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗反流性食管炎效果最好的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯海拉明", "B": "肾上腺皮质激素", "C": "奥美拉唑", "D": "红霉素"}, "answer": "奥美拉唑", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是肉芽组织的结局?(  )", "options": {"A": "纤维化", "B": "毛细血管演变为小动脉或小静脉", "C": "抗感染作用后消失", "D": "长期存留在体内"}, "answer": "纤维化", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.雌酮在肝脏灭活所进行的反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硫酸结合反应", "B": "酰基化反应", "C": "NADPH", "D": "NADH"}, "answer": "硫酸结合反应", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.特异性高,效价随SLE病情缓解而下降(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗核抗体", "B": "抗双链DNA抗体", "C": "抗磷脂抗体", "D": "类风湿因子"}, "answer": "抗双链DNA抗体", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "从同一胚叶的一种分化成熟细胞或组织转变为另一种成熟细胞或组织的过程称(  )。", "options": {"A": "增生", "B": "化生", "C": "再生", "D": "瘤性增生"}, "answer": "化生", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,78岁。晨起四肢乏力。2小时前行走中跌倒,不能起立。体检:意识清楚,只能以眼球上下运动示意。双侧周围性面瘫,张口伸舌和吞咽不能,留置鼻饲。四肢肌力0级,腱反射亢进,双侧Babinski征阳性。感觉无异常。脑梗死部位在(  )。", "options": {"A": "中脑", "B": "脑桥基底部", "C": "内囊后肢", "D": "基底节区"}, "answer": "脑桥基底部", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "SLE患者不会出现的血液学异常是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血红蛋白减少", "B": "网织红细胞减少", "C": "白细胞减少", "D": "血小板减少"}, "answer": "网织红细胞减少", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于慢性病患者,较常采用的医患关系模式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "共同参与型", "B": "指导合作型", "C": "父母与儿童式的关系", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "共同参与型", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "代表乙肝病毒(HBV)复制最重要的血清指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HBsAg(+)", "B": "HBeAg(+)", "C": "抗-HBc(+)", "D": "抗-HBe(+)"}, "answer": "HBeAg(+)", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某儿童8岁,在智力测验中得分为100,则其智商(IQ)属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "优秀", "B": "平常", "C": "不能判断", "D": "以上都不对"}, "answer": "平常", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是经典、替代两条途径中均起作用的补体成分?(  )", "options": {"A": "Cl", "B": "C1δ", "C": "C2", "D": "C3"}, "answer": "C3", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "RNA指导的DNA合成称(  )。", "options": {"A": "复制", "B": "转录", "C": "翻译", "D": "反转录"}, "answer": "反转录", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于二尖瓣关闭不全听诊特点叙述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸气时增强", "B": "心尖区第一心音减弱,或被杂音掩盖", "C": "杂音呈递减型", "D": "响度在3/6级以下"}, "answer": "心尖区第一心音减弱,或被杂音掩盖", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于乳糜微粒的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "含有新合成的三脂酰甘油", "B": "含有磷脂和胆固醇", "C": "含有载脂蛋白C", "D": "形成于小肠肠腔"}, "answer": "形成于小肠肠腔", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,38岁。因间断心悸1天就诊。查体:心率72次/分,偶可闻及期前收缩。心电图示:提前出现的P波,形态与窦性P波略有不同,PR间期0.13秒,QRS波群形态正常,代偿间期不完全。最恰当的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉注射阿托品", "B": "口服美托洛尔", "C": "寻找和去除病因", "D": "口服胺碘酮"}, "answer": "寻找和去除病因", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,44岁。胃癌根治术后第6天,出现上腹剧烈疼痛,逐渐加重,伴恶心、呕吐、腹胀。查体:腹膜刺激征(+)。腹腔引流管引出咖啡色浑浊液体。腹部B超提示腹腔积液。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吻合口漏", "B": "肠系膜血管缺血性疾病", "C": "急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎", "D": "急性胆囊炎"}, "answer": "吻合口漏", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "抑制胆固醇合成的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "烟酸", "B": "非诺贝特", "C": "洛伐他汀", "D": "普罗布考"}, "answer": "洛伐他汀", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "右下肢被机动车压伤,具备哪一条件可诊断为骨折?(  )", "options": {"A": "压痛明显", "B": "明显跛行", "C": "下肢不能自主活动", "D": "骨摩擦音"}, "answer": "骨摩擦音", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂最适用的临床情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压伴主动脉瓣狭窄", "B": "高血压伴左心室肥厚", "C": "高血压伴高钾血症", "D": "高血压伴双侧肾动脉狭窄"}, "answer": "高血压伴左心室肥厚", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "中毒型细菌痢疾的发病机制可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌毒力强", "B": "细菌侵入量多", "C": "细菌侵入数量多且毒力强", "D": "特异性体质对细菌毒素呈强烈过敏反应"}, "answer": "特异性体质对细菌毒素呈强烈过敏反应", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "丙型肝炎病毒的主要传播途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化道传播", "B": "呼吸道传播", "C": "接触性传播", "D": "血液传播"}, "answer": "血液传播", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3岁,男孩,被母亲牵拉右手上台阶时突然哭闹,拒绝使用右上肢。1.最可能查到的阳性体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肘后三角关系异常", "B": "Dugas征(+)", "C": "桡骨头压痛", "D": "肘内翻"}, "answer": "桡骨头压痛", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.腺病毒肺炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "小片阴影,肺纹理增多,肺气肿多见", "B": "X线早于体征,大小不等的片状阴影或融合成大病灶", "C": "多种多样.基本改变为支气管肺炎征象", "D": "以肺门阴影增浓为突出"}, "answer": "X线早于体征,大小不等的片状阴影或融合成大病灶", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "苯海拉明不具有的药理作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "镇静作用", "B": "催眠作用", "C": "抗胆碱作用", "D": "抑制胃酸分泌"}, "answer": "抑制胃酸分泌", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心动周期持续的时间长短决定于(  )。", "options": {"A": "心房舒张时程", "B": "心房收缩时程", "C": "心室收缩时程", "D": "心率"}, "answer": "心率", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.卵泡期分泌量少,排卵后分泌量明显增加,8~9天后逐渐下降的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "雌激素", "B": "黄体生成素", "C": "孕激素", "D": "催乳激素"}, "answer": "孕激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.后角损害将出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "节段性分离性感觉障碍", "B": "洋葱头样分布感觉障碍", "C": "偏身感觉障碍", "D": "交叉性感觉障碍"}, "answer": "节段性分离性感觉障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医务人员在医疗活动中发生医疗事故争议,应当立即向(  )。", "options": {"A": "所在科室报告", "B": "所在医院医务部门报告", "C": "所在医疗机构的主管负责人报告", "D": "当地卫生行政机关报告"}, "answer": "所在科室报告", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "病理解剖一女尸,发现一侧肾体积较小,表面不光滑,有数个大小不一、不规则瘢痕,切面瘢痕处质地较硬,肾盂黏膜增厚等改变,该肾最可能的病理诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性肾炎", "B": "慢性肾盂肾炎", "C": "高血压固缩肾", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "慢性肾盂肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,25岁,停经7周,1h前突感下腹部疼痛,伴肛门坠胀感,查体:皮肤苍白,下腹压痛,反跳痛,腹肌紧张,阴道后穹窿饱满,有压痛。3.确诊后,正确处理措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗生素治疗", "B": "抗结核治疗", "C": "剖腹探查术", "D": "雌激素治疗"}, "answer": "剖腹探查术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "我国卫生部规定,一名供精者的精子最多只能提供给(  )。", "options": {"A": "8名妇女受孕", "B": "6名妇女受孕", "C": "5名妇女受孕", "D": "15名妇女受孕"}, "answer": "5名妇女受孕", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "抗甲状腺药物因WBC减少的停药指征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "WBC<3×109/L,中性粒细胞<1.5×109/L", "B": "WBC<2×109/L,中性粒细胞<1×109/L", "C": "WBC<3.5×109/L,中性粒细胞<1×109/L", "D": "WBC<2.5×109/L,中性粒细胞<1.5×109/L"}, "answer": "WBC<3×109/L,中性粒细胞<1.5×109/L", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.女性,15岁,1周前受凉后咳嗽、发热,3天前四肢乏力、发麻,说话口齿不清,逐渐加重而不能行走入院。检查:双眼睑闭合不全,不能皱额,鼓腮,四肢弛缓性瘫痪,肌力2级。最适宜的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺皮质激素", "B": "抗胆碱酯酶剂", "C": "大量维生素", "D": "抗菌素"}, "answer": "肾上腺皮质激素", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,34岁。2个月来无痛性颈淋巴结肿大,间断发热3个月,查体:脾肋下4cm。1.此患者最常见的首发症状为(  )。", "options": {"A": "无痛性颈部及锁骨上淋巴结肿大", "B": "持续性或周期性发热", "C": "脾肿大", "D": "贫血"}, "answer": "无痛性颈部及锁骨上淋巴结肿大", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,50岁。持续胸痛8小时,喘憋2小时入院。既往无高血压病史。查体:BP 150/70mmHg,端坐位,双肺可闻及少许细湿啰音,心界不大,心率110次/分,律齐,P2>A2。心电图示Ⅰ、aVL、V1~V5导联ST段抬高0.1~0.4mV。可见病理性Q波。2.该患者的心功能分级为(  )。", "options": {"A": "Killip分级Ⅲ级", "B": "NYHA分级Ⅲ级", "C": "Killip分级Ⅱ级", "D": "Killip分级Ⅰ级"}, "answer": "Killip分级Ⅱ级", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "吸入性肺脓肿的病原菌绝大多数是(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "B": "厌氧菌", "C": "克雷伯杆菌", "D": "大肠杆菌"}, "answer": "厌氧菌", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,47岁,左下肢麻木2个月余,从上往下发展,近1个月出现右下肢无力。查体:颅神经及双上肢正常,左腹股沟下列痛温觉减退,右下肢肌力Ⅳ级,Babinski右(+)。2.应首先做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "C5为中心X线片", "B": "头部CT", "C": "T7为中心X线片", "D": "T9为中心X线片"}, "answer": "T9为中心X线片", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于出血热病毒的特性,哪一项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "为有包膜的DNA病毒", "B": "病后可获得牢固的免疫力", "C": "经呼吸道和消化道传播", "D": "可使用灭活疫苗进行预防"}, "answer": "为有包膜的DNA病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肾上腺皮质肿瘤引起的Cushing综合征与Cushing病的鉴别,最有意义的实验检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血皮质醇昼夜节律消失", "B": "葡萄糖耐量试验", "C": "测试24小时尿17羟类固醇", "D": "大剂量地塞米松抑制试验"}, "answer": "大剂量地塞米松抑制试验", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列不属于枕骨大孔疝的常见症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "剧烈头痛、呕吐", "B": "早期出现一侧瞳孔散大", "C": "意识障碍", "D": "呼吸骤停发生早"}, "answer": "早期出现一侧瞳孔散大", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于性格的说法不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是人格的核心", "B": "主要由遗传决定", "C": "反映一个人的生活经历", "D": "有肯定和否定的性质"}, "answer": "主要由遗传决定", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "皮内注入结核菌素后经多长时间观察结果(  )。", "options": {"A": "24~48小时", "B": "48~72小时", "C": "3~4天", "D": "4~5天"}, "answer": "48~72小时", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,52岁。乏力、纳差12年,丙氨酸氨基转移酶间断升高,1个月来尿少,双下肢水肿,腹胀逐渐加重。3天前腹泻,黄稀水样便3次,2天来腹痛、发热,T 38.5℃。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝硬化并原发性腹膜炎", "B": "结核性腹膜炎", "C": "急性细菌性痢疾", "D": "肝癌破裂"}, "answer": "肝硬化并原发性腹膜炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "慢性宫颈炎不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫颈糜烂", "B": "宫颈上皮内瘤变", "C": "宫颈囊肿", "D": "宫颈息肉"}, "answer": "宫颈上皮内瘤变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,36岁,右股骨上端疼痛20天。查体:右股骨上端肿胀、压痛,右髋关节活动受限。X线片:右股骨颈及转子下溶骨性骨破坏。3年前患乳癌,施乳癌根治术,局部无复发。2.最佳治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯化疗", "B": "皮牵引,止痛,化疗", "C": "瘤段切除,假体置入", "D": "瘤段切除,假体置入,化疗"}, "answer": "瘤段切除,假体置入,化疗", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.遗忘综合征的主要特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "无意识障碍,近记忆力障碍明显,智能相对完好", "B": "突发昼轻夜重的神志不清", "C": "发作性的意识障碍伴痴呆表现", "D": "以近记忆力障碍为首发症状可伴人格改变"}, "answer": "无意识障碍,近记忆力障碍明显,智能相对完好", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,69岁,因少尿、水肿1周,心慌、胸闷1d住院,3个月前因直肠癌行腹部造瘘手术,当时查血肌酐137μmol/L。既往有前列腺增生病史7年。近半年尿颊,排尿困难。尿常规检查蛋白(-),血常规HB 100g/L,血清钾68 mmol/L,BUN 37.5mmol/L,血肌酐109μmol/L。2.目前最合适的进一步检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "核素肾图", "B": "静脉肾盂造影", "C": "泌尿系B超", "D": "肾血管造影"}, "answer": "泌尿系B超", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "人类的MHC定位于哪号染色体?(  )", "options": {"A": "第9号染色体", "B": "第15号染色体", "C": "第6号染色体", "D": "第2号染色体"}, "answer": "第6号染色体", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肾综合征出血热典型经过可有5期,不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热期", "B": "低血压休克期", "C": "少尿期", "D": "无尿期"}, "answer": "无尿期", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "11个月的健康男婴,为了保证其健康的生长发育,其饮食中蛋白质、脂肪、糖类所供应的热量占总热量的百分比为(  )。", "options": {"A": "15     50    35", "B": "50     35    15", "C": "35     50    15", "D": "15     35    50"}, "answer": "15     35    50", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "血中哪种胆红素增加会导致尿中出现胆红素?(  )", "options": {"A": "结合胆红素", "B": "未结合胆红素", "C": "间接反应胆红素", "D": "与清蛋白结合的胆红素"}, "answer": "结合胆红素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.95%的代谢产物自胆汁中排泄(  )。", "options": {"A": "二甲双胍", "B": "格列喹酮", "C": "格列齐特", "D": "胰岛素"}, "answer": "格列喹酮", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于干性坏疽的叙述,下述哪一项是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "腐败菌感染一般较重", "B": "发生机制为动脉闭塞而静脉回流受阻", "C": "坏死区与周围组织没有界线", "D": "多见于四肢末端"}, "answer": "多见于四肢末端", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "以下治疗蛛网膜下腔出血的措施不妥的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卧床休息4~6周", "B": "应用止血药物", "C": "低分子肝素注射", "D": "口服尼莫地平"}, "answer": "低分子肝素注射", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有一种小型环状双链DNA分子,天然存在于细菌中,其分子本身是含有复制功能的遗传结构,能在细菌中独立自主地进行复制,并在细胞分裂时保持恒定地传给子代细胞,并赋予细菌一定的遗传性状,这种DNA分子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌染色体DNA", "B": "细菌质粒DNA", "C": "真核染色体DNA", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "细菌质粒DNA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "要确诊为腰椎间盘脱突出的患者,手术前除进行实验室化验检查外,首先应做的检查是哪一项?(  )", "options": {"A": "CT", "B": "肌电图", "C": "腰椎管造影", "D": "腰椎正侧位X线平片"}, "answer": "腰椎正侧位X线平片", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,28岁。平时月经规则。现停经2个月,阴道流血10天。妇科检查:子宫如妊娠3个月大,软,无压痛,双侧附件区均扪及5cm囊性包块,壁薄,活动好,无压痛。血HCG增高明显。2.为确诊应首先进行的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "盆腔B超检查", "B": "血清CA125测定", "C": "盆腔MRI", "D": "盆腔CT"}, "answer": "盆腔B超检查", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "引起SSPE的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "轮状病毒", "B": "麻疹病毒", "C": "风疹病毒", "D": "流感病毒"}, "answer": "麻疹病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性炎症性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病的症状、体征和辅助检查中,下列哪项是最具特征性的改变?(  )", "options": {"A": "四肢弛缓性瘫", "B": "脑神经损害", "C": "神经根性疼痛或不适感", "D": "脑脊液蛋白细胞分离"}, "answer": "脑脊液蛋白细胞分离", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.癫痫小发作最好选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙琥胺", "B": "苯妥英钠", "C": "氯硝西泮", "D": "卡马西平"}, "answer": "乙琥胺", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于细胞内信息物质的叙述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有些无机离子也可作为细胞内信息物质", "B": "通过改变细胞内酶的活性,产生生物学效应", "C": "绝大部分通过酶促级联反应传递信号", "D": "完成信息传递后,不立即灭活"}, "answer": "完成信息传递后,不立即灭活", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "鸟氨酸循环的作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鸟氨酸脱氨", "B": "鸟氨酸脱羧", "C": "合成鸟氨酸", "D": "合成尿素"}, "answer": "合成尿素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女。51岁。绝经2年,阴道脱出肿物1年。妇科检查:子宫体全部脱出阴道口外。适宜的处理方法为(  )。", "options": {"A": "Manchester手术", "B": "阴道纵隔形成术", "C": "使用子宫托", "D": "经阴道子宫切除术"}, "answer": "经阴道子宫切除术", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "躯体疾病所致精神障碍的处理原则不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对精神症状的控制应遵从大剂量,足疗程的原则", "B": "要考虑治疗药物对病人的副作用", "C": "安静,安全的环境和防止意外发生等护理措施", "D": "首先必须治疗引起精神障碍的原发躯体疾病"}, "answer": "对精神症状的控制应遵从大剂量,足疗程的原则", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.35岁,有脉管炎史,子宫纵隔,肾功能不好,不宜再妊娠,应采用何种避孕措施(  )。", "options": {"A": "IUD", "B": "阴茎套", "C": "短效V1服药", "D": "长效避孕针"}, "answer": "阴茎套", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,45岁。2周前发热、咳嗽、咳黄痰、胸闷、胸痛,经抗感染治疗好转。现再次高热,咳嗽无痰,感胸闷。查体:T 38.5℃,P 115次/分,R 25次/分,气管明显左移,右肺语颤减弱,叩诊呈实音,呼吸音消失,血WBC 22×109/L,N 0.89。该患者首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺脓肿", "B": "肺炎链球菌肺炎", "C": "脓胸", "D": "肺不张"}, "answer": "脓胸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "垂体后叶储存的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗利尿激素", "B": "促肾上腺皮质激素", "C": "促甲状腺激素", "D": "泌乳素"}, "answer": "抗利尿激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男孩,3岁,经常反复呼吸道感染,体格检查发现胸骨左缘第2肋间有2—3级收缩期杂音,无震颤,P2亢进伴固定分裂。胸透示肺门血管增粗,搏动强烈,右心室饱满。EKG示电轴右偏,V1呈rsR'型,RV115mm。2.根据其血流动力学改变,主要表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "右心房、右心室增大", "B": "左心室、右心室增大", "C": "左心房、右心房增大", "D": "右心室、肺动脉增大"}, "answer": "右心房、右心室增大", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "病原体进入人体后是否引起疾病,主要决定于(  )。", "options": {"A": "病原体的毒力", "B": "病原体的致病能力和机体的免疫功能", "C": "病原体的侵袭力", "D": "机体的抵抗能力"}, "answer": "病原体的致病能力和机体的免疫功能", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.发生在肾上腺素与膜受体结合后(  )。", "options": {"A": "活化Gs", "B": "活化Gi", "C": "活化其他类型G蛋白", "D": "抑制抑制性G蛋白(Gi)"}, "answer": "活化Gs", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "属于胆碱酯酶复活药的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯磷定", "B": "毒扁豆碱", "C": "安贝氯铵", "D": "阿托品"}, "answer": "氯磷定", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,9个月,体重8kg,发热,呕吐,腹泻3天,粪便蛋花汤洋,无腥臭味,尿量明显减少,精神萎靡,皮肤弹性差,眼凹陷,唇鲜红,四肢凉,诊断为婴儿腹泻,血钠132mmol/L。3.第一天补液总量和张力应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "720ml,1/2张", "B": "1040ml,1/3张", "C": "1200ml,1/2张", "D": "1400ml,2/3张"}, "answer": "1200ml,1/2张", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,38岁,手工业工人,右拇指疼痛,伸屈受限并弹响。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "风湿性关节炎", "B": "狭窄性腱炎", "C": "骨性关节炎", "D": "骨软骨炎"}, "answer": "狭窄性腱炎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在转移性骨肿瘤中,下列原发病灶哪种最多见(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺癌", "B": "肾癌", "C": "膀胱癌", "D": "甲状腺癌"}, "answer": "乳腺癌", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,55岁。呕鲜血4小时。共2次,约200ml,黑便1次,约300g。查体:贫血貌,肝掌阳性,前胸可见数个蜘蛛痣。肝肋下未触及,脾肋下2cm,移动性浊音阳性。最适宜的药物止血措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉应用生长抑素", "B": "口服胃黏膜保护剂", "C": "肌注维生素K", "D": "静脉应用质子泵抑制剂"}, "answer": "静脉应用生长抑素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.患者反复出现一些想法,明知不必要或不合理,但无法控制。该症状为(  )。", "options": {"A": "强迫性思维", "B": "联想散漫", "C": "强制性思维", "D": "思维插入"}, "answer": "思维插入", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿生长发育的两个高峰是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿期,婴儿期", "B": "婴儿期,青春期", "C": "婴儿期,幼儿期", "D": "学龄期,青春期"}, "answer": "婴儿期,青春期", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,22岁,右股骨下端疼痛2个月。体检:右股骨下端偏内侧局限性隆起,皮温略高,皮肤浅静脉怒张,明显压痛,膝关节运动受限,x片股骨下端溶骨性骨破坏,可见Codman三角。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "软骨肉瘤", "B": "骨肉瘤", "C": "尤文肉瘤", "D": "骨巨细胞瘤"}, "answer": "骨肉瘤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,55岁。糖尿病病史1年,服用二甲双胍治疗出现明显胃肠道反应,改为格列齐特缓释片30mg/天治疗6个月,复查空腹血糖6.5mmol/L,餐后2小时血糖10mmol/L,HbAlc 7.5%,时有午餐前心慌、出汗。查体:BP 150/90mmHg,双下肢水肿,BMI 30㎏/㎡。2.该患者目前最合理的治疗是改用(  )。", "options": {"A": "瑞格列奈", "B": "阿卡波糖", "C": "吡格列酮", "D": "甘精胰岛素"}, "answer": "甘精胰岛素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "巨幼红细胞贫血患者用下列哪种药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "铁剂", "B": "叶酸", "C": "维生素C", "D": "维生素K"}, "answer": "叶酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,60岁,多饮、多尿2周,嗜睡2天,有脱水表现,血尿素氮42.9mmol/L,血钠150mmol/L,尿酮体阴性,如诊断为高渗性非酮症糖尿病昏迷。2.此病人宜采取哪一种措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "大剂量胰岛素+低渗盐水", "B": "小剂量胰岛素+等渗盐水", "C": "大剂量胰岛素+等渗盐水", "D": "小剂量胰岛素+低渗盐水+碳酸氢钠"}, "answer": "小剂量胰岛素+等渗盐水", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.上述哪项属于医学伦理学的基本范畴?(  )", "options": {"A": "有利、公正", "B": "权利、义务", "C": "医乃仁术", "D": "等价交换"}, "answer": "权利、义务", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "为研究老年人的糖尿病患病率,拟进行抽样调查,下列不属于抽样调查中决定样本含量的因素的是下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "个体间的变异程度", "B": "调查者的数量", "C": "精确度", "D": "预期现患率"}, "answer": "调查者的数量", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "甲状旁腺激素对肾发挥的作用是通过(  )。", "options": {"A": "cAMP-PKA信息传递途径", "B": "cGMP-PKA信息传递途径", "C": "cAMP-PKc信息传递途径", "D": "DG/PKC信息传递途径"}, "answer": "cAMP-PKA信息传递途径", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不属于硝酸甘油作用机制的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "降低室壁肌张力", "B": "降低心肌耗氧量", "C": "扩张心外膜血管", "D": "降低交感神经活性"}, "answer": "扩张心外膜血管", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "免疫缺陷最主要的临床特征(  )。", "options": {"A": "营养不良", "B": "对病原微生物感染的易感性增加", "C": "寄生虫病的发生率增高", "D": "自身免疫病的发病率下降"}, "answer": "对病原微生物感染的易感性增加", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "阿托品禁用于(  )。", "options": {"A": "虹膜睫状体炎", "B": "胃痉挛", "C": "青光眼", "D": "缓慢型心律失常"}, "answer": "青光眼", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一位服用了60多片安定的精神病患者被送到医院急救,患者父母表示无力承担抢救费用。按照急救伦理的要求,医生应该选择的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "在征得患者父母同意和医院领导同意的情况下,迅速实施抢救", "B": "在征得患者父母同意的情况下,放弃治疗", "C": "向民政部门反映,争取社会支持,并由他们决定是否抢救", "D": "仅给予患者家庭能够承受费用的支持疗法"}, "answer": "在征得患者父母同意和医院领导同意的情况下,迅速实施抢救", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "已婚女性,25岁,急诊入院时已处于休克状态。检查;腹部膨隆。妇科检查:后穹隆饱满,子宫软,正常大小,有漂浮感,双附件触诊不满意。1.首先应向家属询问的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有无外伤史", "B": "避孕史", "C": "有无停经史", "D": "有无腹痛"}, "answer": "有无停经史", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是解热镇痛作用强而抗炎作用很弱的药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "吡罗昔康", "B": "吲哚美辛", "C": "双氯芬酸", "D": "对乙酰氨基酚"}, "answer": "对乙酰氨基酚", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,60岁。突发持续性胸痛5小时,查体:BP 100/50mmHg,心率40次/分,律齐。心电图示急性下壁、右室心肌梗死,三度房室传导阻滞。最适宜的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉滴注肾上腺素", "B": "静脉滴注多巴酚丁胺", "C": "植入临时心脏起搏器", "D": "植入永久心脏起搏器"}, "answer": "植入临时心脏起搏器", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是补体经典途径激活的顺序?(  )", "options": {"A": "C12345—9", "B": "C12435─9", "C": "C14235—9", "D": "C13245─9"}, "answer": "C14235—9", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "人乳中的蛋白质是以哪种蛋白为主?(  )", "options": {"A": "球蛋白", "B": "乳清蛋白", "C": "酪蛋白", "D": "糖蛋白"}, "answer": "乳清蛋白", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,女,2岁。因语言、运动发育迟缓就诊。患儿9个月会坐,现刚会站,尚不会说话。体检:身长70cm,表情呆滞,皮肤粗糙,眼睑肿,眼距宽,鼻梁低,舌大且厚,伸出口外,心率80次/min,心音较低,双肺呼吸音清,腹膨隆,有脐疝,四肢短粗,为明确诊断,应选择下列检查中的(  )。", "options": {"A": "染色体核型分析", "B": "血清T3、T4、TSH测定", "C": "药物刺激GH释放试验", "D": "骨骼X线检查"}, "answer": "血清T3、T4、TSH测定", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪种不是癌基因产物?(  )", "options": {"A": "结合GTP的蛋白质", "B": "化学致癌物质", "C": "生长因子类似物", "D": "结合DNA的蛋白质"}, "answer": "化学致癌物质", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新生儿疱疹最可能的传播途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医源性感染", "B": "呼吸道感染", "C": "消化道感染", "D": "经产道感染"}, "answer": "经产道感染", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "希波克拉底(Hippocrates)提出了精神病的体液病理学说。其含义是人体内存在着4种基本体液,它们如果正常混合起来,人就健康。这4种液体不包括哪种?(  )", "options": {"A": "黏液", "B": "脑脊液", "C": "黄胆汁", "D": "黑胆汁"}, "answer": "脑脊液", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "将实验犬的肾切除,并给输入或饲喂氨基酸,血中尿素含量明显升高;若将实验犬的肝切除,则血中氨及氨基酸含量明显升高;若将犬的肝、肾同时切除,则血中尿素的含量可维持在较低水平,而血氨浓度明显增高。这些实验证明合成尿素的最主要器官是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾", "B": "脑", "C": "肝", "D": "肌肉"}, "answer": "肝", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.女,50岁,右肩痛1个月,左肩局限性压痛。左肩外屈外旋,后伸活动受限,其诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "髌骨软化症", "B": "颈椎病", "C": "肩周炎", "D": "桡骨茎突狭窄性腱鞘炎"}, "answer": "肩周炎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有关神经系统发育,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "出生时神经细胞的数目已与成人相同", "B": "3岁时神经细胞已基本分化完成", "C": "新纹状体较旧纹状体发育得早", "D": "大脑皮质的发育较丘脑的发育为晚"}, "answer": "新纹状体较旧纹状体发育得早", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "单纯性肾病综合征多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "1~3岁", "B": "婴儿", "C": "2~7岁", "D": "7~10岁"}, "answer": "2~7岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症的隐性体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Kernig征阳性", "B": "Brudzinki征阳性", "C": "Trousseau征阳性", "D": "Babinski征阳性"}, "answer": "Trousseau征阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "Colles骨折,发生在(  )。", "options": {"A": "桡骨干", "B": "桡骨近端", "C": "尺骨的远端", "D": "桡骨的远端"}, "answer": "桡骨的远端", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医务人员共同的首要义务和天职是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维护医务人员和医院的自身利益", "B": "维护医院的经济效益", "C": "维护病人的利益和社会公益", "D": "维护医务人员之间的和谐"}, "answer": "维护病人的利益和社会公益", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "腺垂体功能减退症常先出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤色素沉着", "B": "继发性糖尿病", "C": "产后无乳汁,长期闭经不育", "D": "体位性头晕,低血压"}, "answer": "产后无乳汁,长期闭经不育", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有一名病人,患脑肿瘤,已形成枕骨大孔疝,可能是什么肿瘤(  )。", "options": {"A": "颞叶肿瘤", "B": "额叶肿瘤", "C": "顶叶肿瘤", "D": "小脑肿瘤"}, "answer": "小脑肿瘤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "属于下丘脑调节肽的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "促甲状腺激素", "B": "促肾上腺皮质激素", "C": "促性腺激素", "D": "生长抑素"}, "answer": "生长抑素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "可特异性杀伤病毒感染细胞的免疫细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Tc细胞", "B": "Th细胞", "C": "NK细胞", "D": "巨噬细胞"}, "answer": "Tc细胞", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是对β2-受体有选择性激动作用的平喘药?(  )", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素", "B": "沙丁胺醇", "C": "色甘酸钠", "D": "异丙肾上腺素"}, "answer": "沙丁胺醇", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男婴,10个月。4天前无明显诱因出现发热,体温持续在38~39.6℃,应用退热药后可短暂下降,1天前体温回复正常,皮肤出现皮疹。查体:T 36.5℃,颜面、颈部及躯干可见小红色斑丘疹,咽红。其最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "幼儿急疹", "B": "麻疹", "C": "水痘", "D": "猩红热"}, "answer": "幼儿急疹", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,50岁,反复呕吐4日,尿少,四肢厥冷。查体:血压90/60mmHg,血钠128mmol/L。1.诊断考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "低渗性缺水", "B": "等渗性缺水", "C": "水中毒", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "低渗性缺水", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "快速牵拉肌肉时发生的牵张反射是引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "受牵拉的肌肉发生收缩", "B": "同一关节的协同肌抑制", "C": "同一关节的拮抗肌兴奋", "D": "其他关节的肌肉也收缩"}, "answer": "受牵拉的肌肉发生收缩", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.一过性头痛属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "心身疾病", "B": "心身反应", "C": "心身障碍", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "心身反应", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.可分泌降钙素的甲状腺癌为(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺滤泡状腺癌", "B": "未分化癌", "C": "髓样癌", "D": "转移癌"}, "answer": "髓样癌", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "体内氨的主要来源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体内胺类物质释放的氨", "B": "氨基酸脱氨基产生的氨", "C": "蛋白质腐败产生的氨", "D": "尿素在肠道脲酶作用下产生的氨"}, "answer": "氨基酸脱氨基产生的氨", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "心理医生欲对病人进行人格测定,可以选用以下哪个工具?(  )", "options": {"A": "MMPI", "B": "WAIS", "C": "SCL-90", "D": "HAMD"}, "answer": "MMPI", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "脊柱损伤后,跟腱反射消失,膝腱反射正常,可能为脊髓哪一节段损伤?(  )", "options": {"A": "S1以下", "B": "L5以下", "C": "L2以下", "D": "T12以下"}, "answer": "L5以下", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "动作电位下降支是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "K+内流", "B": "Na+内流", "C": "K+外流", "D": "Ca2+内流"}, "answer": "K+外流", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "慢性菌痢的病程应该超过的时间为(  )。", "options": {"A": "3个月", "B": "2个月", "C": "半年", "D": "1年"}, "answer": "2个月", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "腺垂体功能减退症最常见的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Sheehan综合征", "B": "各种垂体肿瘤", "C": "糖尿病血管病变", "D": "颅内感染后遗症"}, "answer": "各种垂体肿瘤", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,29岁。排便时肛门剧痛1周,有鲜血滴入便池。排便后肛门疼痛加重,造成便后肛门疼痛加重的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肛门括约肌痉挛", "B": "肛管皮肤全层裂开并形成慢性疾病", "C": "粪便干燥,排便用力过度", "D": "继发肛窦炎"}, "answer": "肛门括约肌痉挛", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,17岁,水肿1周,辅助检查:尿蛋白(+++),尿沉渣镜检:红细胞0~1/HP,24小时尿蛋白定量7.6g,血肌酐76μmol/L,肾穿刺提示微小病变型肾病。其主要发病机制为(  )。", "options": {"A": "补体异常", "B": "免疫复合物沉积", "C": "T细胞功能紊乱", "D": "抗基底膜抗体形成"}, "answer": "T细胞功能紊乱", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性患者,20岁,半年前曾患右股骨急性化脓性骨髓炎,经治疗后好转,但局部有窦道形成,常有少许稀黄色脓汁流出,近四日窦道口闭合,但出现高热,局部压痛明显,并有红肿,X线片示有死骨存留,而且包壳形成充分,其治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "窦道切除,一期缝合", "B": "死骨摘除,肌瓣填塞术", "C": "切开引流术", "D": "窦道搔刮术"}, "answer": "切开引流术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,40岁,因发热、便秘、食欲不振10天入院。查体:T 39.8℃,P 98次/分,肝大肋下1.0cm,软,脾肋下及边。血常规WBC 2.7×109/L,中性粒细胞52%,淋巴细胞44%,血清ALT 100U/L,肥达反应“O”1:160,“H”1:160。1.该患者最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肝炎", "B": "急性白血病", "C": "伤寒", "D": "败血症"}, "answer": "伤寒", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "新生儿寒冷损伤综合征的发病机理与下列哪项无关?(  )", "options": {"A": "体表面积相对较大", "B": "棕色脂肪含量少", "C": "免疫功能低下", "D": "寒冷损伤"}, "answer": "免疫功能低下", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "最常见的低度恶性卵巢性索间质肿瘤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颗粒细胞瘤", "B": "颗粒-卵泡膜细胞瘤", "C": "间质细胞瘤", "D": "无性细胞瘤"}, "answer": "颗粒细胞瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在急性化脓性腹膜炎的临床表现中,出现早期呕吐的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃肠痉挛", "B": "肠梗阻", "C": "反射性呕吐", "D": "神经性呕吐"}, "answer": "反射性呕吐", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "知觉反映客观事物的哪种属性?(  )", "options": {"A": "主要", "B": "整体", "C": "本质", "D": "特定"}, "answer": "整体", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.碘解磷定可治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "青光眼", "B": "有机磷酸酯类中毒", "C": "琥珀胆碱过量中毒", "D": "房室传导阻滞"}, "answer": "有机磷酸酯类中毒", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,37岁,G1P0,孕37周,轻度子痫前期。临产3小时后突感腹痛难忍,伴腹胀不适。检查:心率90次/min,血压110/60mmHg,腹部拒按,呈板样;胎心率100次/min,胎先露头、S+2、羊水呈浅绿色、量少。2.拟采取的最适宜措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即剖宫产终止分娩", "B": "CST", "C": "B型超声检查", "D": "应用抗生素"}, "answer": "立即剖宫产终止分娩", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "人工增加离体神经纤维浸浴液中的K+浓度,则该神经纤维静息电位的绝对值和动作电位的幅度将(  )。", "options": {"A": "均增大", "B": "均减小", "C": "前者增大后者减小", "D": "前者减小后者不变"}, "answer": "均减小", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "晚期卵巢癌最常见的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹痛", "B": "腹胀", "C": "便秘", "D": "发热"}, "answer": "腹胀", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "窦房结成为心脏正常起搏点的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静息电位仅为-70mV", "B": "0期除极速度快", "C": "动作电位没有明显的平台期", "D": "4期自动除极速率快"}, "answer": "4期自动除极速率快", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有机磷中毒时应用阿托品,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "用量应根据病情适当使用", "B": "与胆碱酯酶复活剂合用时,阿托品的剂量应减少", "C": "重度中毒时应静脉给药", "D": "当出现阿托品中毒时应立即间隔给药"}, "answer": "当出现阿托品中毒时应立即间隔给药", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,28岁。1周前头痛、鼻塞,3天前出现颈背疼痛,伴四肢无力,肌张力低,腱反射消失,病理征阴性,C4平面以下痛觉减退,尿潴留。应考虑为何种病变?(  )", "options": {"A": "Guillain-Barre综合征", "B": "急性脊髓灰质炎", "C": "重症肌无力", "D": "急性脊髓炎"}, "answer": "急性脊髓炎", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "营养不良测定腹壁皮下脂肪厚度的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脐下", "B": "脐上", "C": "脐旁", "D": "锁骨中线上平脐处"}, "answer": "锁骨中线上平脐处", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男孩,11岁,体格检查发现心脏有杂音而就诊。血压105/75mmHg,胸骨左缘未扪及震颤,在左侧第2肋间闻及2~3级收缩期喷射性杂音,肺动脉第二音亢进。胸片示梨形心脏,右心房、右心室增大,肺动脉段饱满,主动脉结小,肺纹理增多。ECG示电轴右偏,V1呈rsR'型。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉导管未闭", "B": "房间隔缺损", "C": "室间隔缺损", "D": "肺动脉狭窄"}, "answer": "房间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,18岁,发热、鼻出血、皮肤紫癜2周。舌尖可见血疱,双下肢可见瘀斑,浅表淋巴结及肝脾未及,胸骨压痛阴性。血红蛋白52g/L,白细胞2.0×109/L,中性粒细胞0.24,淋巴细胞0.75,嗜碱粒细胞0.1,血小板22×109/L,网织红细胞0.1。胸部X线片示右下肺炎。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋巴瘤", "B": "再生障碍性贫血", "C": "脾功能亢进", "D": "慢性粒细胞白血病"}, "answer": "再生障碍性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "真核生物的DNA复制与原核生物的复制比较,二者的相同之处是(  )。", "options": {"A": "引物长度较短", "B": "合成方向自5′→3′", "C": "罔崎片段长度短", "D": "DNA复制的速度较慢(50nt/s)"}, "answer": "合成方向自5′→3′", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,27岁,皮肤反复出紫癜半年来诊。体检:巩膜无黄染,胸骨无压痛,肝脾未触及,血红蛋白100g/L,白细胞3.8×109/L,分类淋巴细胞占60%,中性粒细胞40%,血小板40×109/L,骨髓象增生活跃,粒系占28%,红系占10%,淋巴系占52%,成熟浆细胞7%,组织嗜碱细胞3%,巨核细胞2个,无病态造血,Ham试验(-),网织红细胞0.8%。3.患者在治疗过程中应尽量避免的药物为(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖皮质激素", "B": "雄性激素", "C": "免疫抑制剂", "D": "磺胺"}, "answer": "磺胺", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "皮下出血面积的直径多大称为瘀点(  )。", "options": {"A": "<2mm", "B": ">5mm", "C": "2~3mm", "D": "以上均可"}, "answer": "<2mm", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列不是由输血传染的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝炎", "B": "梅毒", "C": "巨细胞病毒感染", "D": "猫抓热"}, "answer": "猫抓热", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,47岁,10天前患急性前壁心肌梗死出院。现因持续性胸痛再次就诊,吸气时胸痛加重,与上次心肌梗死的胸痛明显不同,仰卧位加重。坐位或前倾位减轻。查体:血压正常,T 37.5℃,可闻及心包摩擦音。右肺底部叩浊,呼吸音减弱,胸部X线片示:右侧胸腔少量积液。WBC 11×109/L,血沉28mm/h。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心肌梗死扩展", "B": "变异型心绞痛", "C": "肺栓塞", "D": "心肌梗死后综合征"}, "answer": "心肌梗死后综合征", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "轮状病毒肠炎容易出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "败血症", "B": "脱水、酸中毒", "C": "中毒性脑病", "D": "肠穿孔"}, "answer": "脱水、酸中毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "补体不具备的作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中和毒素作用", "B": "调理和免疫黏附作用", "C": "炎症介质作用", "D": "溶解某些病毒"}, "answer": "中和毒素作用", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "青年男性患者,自高处坠落3h后送入医院,自诉胸背部疼痛,双下肢不能活动。5.1个月后患者截瘫症状明显改善,双下肢肌力达I级,后续治疗应该选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "积极防治可能出现的并发症", "B": "延长脱水药物及激素的使用时间", "C": "理疗+功能锻炼", "D": "行选择性神经根切断术"}, "answer": "行选择性神经根切断术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4个月女婴,突然惊厥发作。患儿出生后牛奶喂养,未加辅食,近1日流涕,时有哭闹,但无发热及咳嗽,不呕吐,二便正常。查体:体温37.8℃,面色灰白,双眼上翻,面部肌肉颤动,四肢抖动,心肺正常,前囟平坦,颈强(-),枕部有乒乓球感。1.该患儿诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "癫痫", "B": "脑炎", "C": "颅内出血", "D": "佝偻病手足搐搦症"}, "answer": "佝偻病手足搐搦症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列引起球后视神经炎毒性的抗结核药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "利福平", "B": "链霉素", "C": "乙胺丁醇", "D": "吡嗪酰胺"}, "answer": "乙胺丁醇", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不属于肺炎链球菌致病物质的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "M蛋白", "B": "神经氨酸酶", "C": "肺炎链球菌溶素", "D": "紫癜形成因子"}, "answer": "M蛋白", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "妊娠6个月,乏力、食欲缺乏、腹胀半个月,黄疸进行性加深。查体:皮肤、巩膜深度黄疸,肝界不缩小,移动浊音(+),凝血酶原时间29秒(对照11秒)。诊断最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "淤胆型肝炎", "B": "亚急性重型肝炎", "C": "急性重型肝炎", "D": "妊娠急性脂肪肝"}, "answer": "亚急性重型肝炎", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于医学伦理学基本原则的说法,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "四个基本原则中不伤害原则是最重要的", "B": "在实际应用中,这四个原则只有在不冲突的情况下才有效", "C": "四个基本原则中有利原则是最重要的", "D": "这四个原则之间存在冲突的情况,需要具体判断"}, "answer": "这四个原则之间存在冲突的情况,需要具体判断", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项为意志活动的基本特征(  )。", "options": {"A": "有目的的行动、克服困难的行动、随意运动", "B": "确定目的、克服困难、实现目标", "C": "知、情、意", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "有目的的行动、克服困难的行动、随意运动", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "区别癌与肉瘤的主要依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "异型性明显,有核分裂象", "B": "通过血道转移", "C": "组织来源", "D": "肿瘤体积"}, "answer": "组织来源", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.典型的胃食管反流的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "进行性吞咽困难", "B": "进餐后上腹痛,至下一餐前缓解", "C": "不洁饮食后上腹痛,伴呕吐、腹泻", "D": "反酸、烧心伴胸骨后烧灼样痛"}, "answer": "反酸、烧心伴胸骨后烧灼样痛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列叙述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫球蛋白是抗体,但抗体不一定是免疫球蛋白", "B": "抗体一定是免疫球蛋白,但免疫球蛋白不一定是抗体", "C": "免疫球蛋白都是分泌型的", "D": "抗体都是γ球蛋白"}, "answer": "抗体一定是免疫球蛋白,但免疫球蛋白不一定是抗体", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,4个月,冬季出生。生后牛乳喂养,突发四肢抽搐,面肌颤动,两眼上翻,持续数秒至数分钟后自然缓解,1天来发作4~5次,每次缓解后一切活动正常。2.就诊时又出现四肢抽搐,及时处理应给予(  )。", "options": {"A": "止惊剂+钙剂", "B": "止惊剂+脱水剂", "C": "止惊剂+抗生素", "D": "止惊剂+维生素D"}, "answer": "止惊剂+钙剂", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,重体力劳动工人。腰腿痛,向左下肢放射,咳嗽、喷嚏时加重1月。检查:腰部活动明显受限,并向左倾斜,直腿抬高试验阳性。病程中无低热、盗汗、消瘦症状。3.为明确诊断,最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线检查", "B": "CT", "C": "腰椎穿刺", "D": "肌电图"}, "answer": "CT", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.卡介苗初种年龄(  )。", "options": {"A": "出生后2~3天至2个月", "B": "2个月", "C": "3个月以上", "D": "1岁以上"}, "answer": "出生后2~3天至2个月", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列选项中,不属于肾小球性高血压发生机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "钠、水潴留", "B": "血管内皮素分泌增多", "C": "肾内激肽释放酶生成减少", "D": "前列腺素生成减少"}, "answer": "血管内皮素分泌增多", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "额叶中央区胶质瘤最常见的临床表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肢体无力", "B": "弱视", "C": "命名性失语", "D": "失认"}, "answer": "肢体无力", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "属于Ⅱ型超敏反应性疾病的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "过敏性休克", "B": "溶血", "C": "过敏性鼻炎", "D": "荨麻疹"}, "answer": "溶血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "人的一切体验和活动都染上同样的、轻微而持久的情绪,反映了人的(  )。", "options": {"A": "应激", "B": "紧张", "C": "抑郁", "D": "心境"}, "answer": "心境", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项免疫缺陷与体液免疫应答异常有关(  )。", "options": {"A": "性联无丙种球蛋白血症", "B": "DiGeorge综合征", "C": "慢性支气管炎", "D": "遗传性血管神经水肿"}, "answer": "性联无丙种球蛋白血症", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "IgE与IgG功能区不同,因为IgE有(  )。", "options": {"A": "CH1", "B": "CH2", "C": "CH3", "D": "CH4"}, "answer": "CH4", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.医学伦理学作为学科出现的标志是(  )。", "options": {"A": "《黄帝内经》", "B": "宋国宾的《医业伦理学》", "C": "孙思邈的《备急千金要方》", "D": "帕茨瓦尔的《医学伦理学》"}, "answer": "帕茨瓦尔的《医学伦理学》", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,36岁,发热2周,伴乏力、食欲不振、轻度腹胀。体检:体温39.3℃,心率80次/min,脾左肋下2cm可及,外周血白细胞4.5×109/L,中性粒细胞0.60,淋巴细胞0.40;肥达反应:“O”抗体效价1:160,“H”抗体效价1:160。1.该患者诊断首先考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤寒", "B": "流行性出血热", "C": "病毒性肝炎", "D": "疟疾"}, "answer": "伤寒", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "病理性自身免疫应答发生机制有下述哪项(  )。", "options": {"A": "B细胞被多克隆刺激剂激活", "B": "自身反应克隆脱抑制", "C": "禁忌株突变", "D": "以上全都对"}, "answer": "以上全都对", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,30岁,患甲状腺功能亢进症。突然出现双下肢不能动。检查:双下肢膝腱反射减退,无肌萎缩。血钾测定2.3mmol/L,你认为最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "周期性瘫痪", "B": "周围神经炎", "C": "重症肌无力", "D": "癔症"}, "answer": "周期性瘫痪", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,41岁,近半年来,反复发生左上肢抽搐,每次半分钟左右自行缓解,应考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯部分性癫痫发作", "B": "小舞蹈病", "C": "自动症", "D": "低钙抽搐"}, "answer": "单纯部分性癫痫发作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男孩,3岁。眼睑及面部水肿2周。查体:全身高度水肿,凹陷性。实验室检查:血白蛋白25g/L。总胆固醇6.2mmol/L,尿常规蛋白(++++),WBC 1~2/HP。为有利于该疾病的临床分型,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血沉", "B": "补体C3", "C": "ASO", "D": "血电解质"}, "answer": "补体C3", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,45岁,反复低热、腰酸3年,夜尿增多6个月.曾多次尿培养有大肠杆菌。尿常规:蛋白19g/L。红细胞4~5个/HP,为确诊慢性肾盂肾炎较可靠的诊断方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "核磁共振", "B": "中段尿培养", "C": "静脉肾盂造影", "D": "肾CT"}, "answer": "静脉肾盂造影", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.发生率最高的疝是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹股沟斜疝", "B": "腹肌沟直疝", "C": "切口疝", "D": "脐疝"}, "answer": "腹股沟斜疝", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不符合感觉的节段性支配的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮节数与神经根节段数相同", "B": "乳头平面为T4", "C": "每个感觉后根支配一定的皮肤区域,称为皮节", "D": "腹股沟为L3"}, "answer": "腹股沟为L3", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.小儿出生后有窒息,经插管通气抢救,心率仍在70次/分左右,应做(  )。", "options": {"A": "碳酸氢纳纠正酸中毒", "B": "应用纳洛酮", "C": "心脏按压", "D": "呼吸兴奋剂应用"}, "answer": "心脏按压", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.趋化作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "C3A", "B": "CA", "C": "C3bBb", "D": "C2a"}, "answer": "C3A", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,67岁,慢性咳喘20年,间断性下肢水肿3年。查体:BP 120/80mmHg,颈静脉怒张,左下肺可闻及干湿啰音,心界向左扩大,P2>A2,三尖瓣区可闻及3/6级杂音。肝肋下3cm。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肥厚型心肌病", "B": "风湿性心脏瓣膜病", "C": "冠心病", "D": "慢性肺源性心脏病"}, "answer": "慢性肺源性心脏病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.男,40岁,慢性膀胱刺激症状,伴排尿困难及尿流中断,改变体位后可继续排尿,应首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "膀胱结石", "B": "急性膀胱炎", "C": "急性肾盂肾炎", "D": "泌尿系结核"}, "answer": "膀胱结石", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肿瘤免疫学诊断,最可靠的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癌胚抗原的检测", "B": "检查诱发肿瘤Ag的抗体", "C": "检查细胞免疫功能", "D": "利用肿瘤McAb进行血清学检查"}, "answer": "利用肿瘤McAb进行血清学检查", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "中毒型细菌性痢疾多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "2~7岁体格健壮的小儿", "B": "3~6个月体格健壮的婴幼儿", "C": "8~10岁营养状况较差的儿童", "D": "12~14岁青春期儿童"}, "answer": "2~7岁体格健壮的小儿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "典型霍乱患者,下列哪项为发病后最先出现的症状?(  )", "options": {"A": "畏寒、发热", "B": "声音嘶哑", "C": "剧烈腹泻,继而呕吐", "D": "腓肠肌痉挛"}, "answer": "剧烈腹泻,继而呕吐", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,50岁,头部棍击伤,无昏迷史及意识障碍,无颅骨骨折,1个月后出现颅内压增高症状,最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "多发颅内血肿", "B": "慢性硬膜外血肿", "C": "慢性硬膜下血肿", "D": "急性颅内血肿"}, "answer": "慢性硬膜下血肿", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "改善急性左心衰竭症状最有效的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "利尿药", "B": "洋地黄", "C": "钙离子拮抗药", "D": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制药"}, "answer": "利尿药", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肺功能检查时,阻塞性通气功能障碍最主要的表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺活量降低", "B": "气流指数>1.0", "C": "第1s用力呼气容积降低", "D": "肺总量降低"}, "answer": "第1s用力呼气容积降低", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "6.记忆增强(  )。", "options": {"A": "是急性精神分裂症的常见症状", "B": "是慢性精神分裂症的常见症状", "C": "是躁狂症的常见症状", "D": "是抑郁症的常见症状"}, "answer": "是躁狂症的常见症状", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "动机产生的两个条件是(  )。", "options": {"A": "需要和目的", "B": "需求和目标", "C": "诱因与目的", "D": "需要与诱因"}, "answer": "需要与诱因", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医师进行实验性临床医疗,应当(  )。", "options": {"A": "征得本人同意", "B": "征得患者本人或者其家属同意", "C": "经医院批准并征得患者本人或者其家属同意", "D": "经医院批准或者征得患者本人及家属同意"}, "answer": "经医院批准并征得患者本人或者其家属同意", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "常用的心理评估方法不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "调查法", "B": "实验法", "C": "会谈法", "D": "测验法"}, "answer": "实验法", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "引起老年人继发性膜性肾病最常见的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "系统性红斑狼疮", "B": "乙肝病毒相关性肾小球肾炎", "C": "恶性肿瘤", "D": "过敏性紫癜"}, "answer": "系统性红斑狼疮", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.mRNA碱基缺失或插入可引起框移突变是由于密码的(  )。", "options": {"A": "连续性", "B": "特异性", "C": "摆动性", "D": "简并性"}, "answer": "连续性", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是选择性扩张脑血管的药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "氟桂嗪", "B": "硝苯地平", "C": "地尔硫", "D": "维拉帕米"}, "answer": "氟桂嗪", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医师使用的药品、消毒药剂和医疗器械应当是(  )。", "options": {"A": "正式生产的", "B": "有经营权的单位销售的", "C": "经临床证明可以使用的", "D": "经国家有关部门批准使用"}, "answer": "经国家有关部门批准使用", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.病毒的增殖方式为(  )。", "options": {"A": "孢子出芽增殖", "B": "复制增殖", "C": "二分裂方式增殖", "D": "有性增殖"}, "answer": "复制增殖", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不是甲状腺激素作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "分泌过多时,蛋白质合成增加", "B": "提高神经系统的兴奋性", "C": "促进骨骼和脑的生长发育", "D": "使心跳加快加强"}, "answer": "分泌过多时,蛋白质合成增加", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项为青少年期心理卫生的重点?(  )", "options": {"A": "发展良好的自我意识", "B": "接受现实,确立奋斗目标", "C": "性的生理和心理健康,性道德和法制教育", "D": "以上都正确"}, "answer": "以上都正确", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "重型病毒性肝炎出血的最主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛细血管脆性增加", "B": "血小板减少", "C": "凝血因子合成减少", "D": "骨髓造血功能受抑制"}, "answer": "凝血因子合成减少", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.下颌偏斜(  )。", "options": {"A": "动眼神经损害", "B": "外展神经损害", "C": "三叉神经损害", "D": "舌下神经损害"}, "answer": "三叉神经损害", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是炎性肉芽肿中主要的炎症细胞?(  )", "options": {"A": "浆细胞", "B": "肥大细胞", "C": "成纤维细胞", "D": "单核巨噬细胞"}, "answer": "单核巨噬细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "左室内压下降速度在哪一期最快?(  )", "options": {"A": "等容舒张期", "B": "等容收缩期", "C": "快速充盈期", "D": "快速射血期"}, "answer": "等容舒张期", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项属于Ⅲ型超敏反应性疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "过敏性鼻炎", "B": "新生儿溶血", "C": "arthus反应", "D": "接触性皮炎"}, "answer": "arthus反应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,66岁。反复上腹胀痛2年,进食后呕吐2个月,呕吐物含有宿食。查体:贫血貌,消瘦,上腹可见胃型,可闻及振水音。2.患者最早出现的酸碱失衡和永、电解质紊乱的类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低钾血症、代谢性碱中毒", "B": "高钾血症、代谢性酸中毒", "C": "高钾血症、代谢性碱中毒", "D": "低氯血症、代谢性酸中毒"}, "answer": "低钾血症、代谢性碱中毒", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "新生女婴尿道长仅(  )。", "options": {"A": "1.5cm", "B": "1cm", "C": "2cm", "D": "2.5cm"}, "answer": "1cm", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,56岁。乏力、食欲减退、恶心、消瘦1个月。乙型肝炎病史10年。查体:皮肤巩膜无黄染,腹软,剑突下压痛,肝肋下3cm,可触及质硬的结节,Murphy征阴性,移动性浊音阳性。3.该患者若手术治疗,其禁忌证是(  )。", "options": {"A": "合并肝硬化", "B": "有消化道出血史", "C": "有明显腹水", "D": "肿瘤位于肝右叶"}, "answer": "有明显腹水", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "早产儿生后3天,表现不哭、不动、不吃、体温不升,于2004年12月入院,查体:全身冰凉,心率慢,四肢水肿,皮肤发紫、变硬,肺腹(-)。2.最主要的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗感染治疗", "B": "保暖恢复体温", "C": "鼻饲提供热卡", "D": "吸氧纠正缺氧"}, "answer": "保暖恢复体温", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,56岁。反复上腹胀痛1年,进食后呕吐1个月,呕吐物含有宿食。查体:贫血貌,消瘦,上腹可见胃型,可闻及振水音。2.患者最早出现的酸碱失衡和水、电解质紊乱的类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低钾血症、代谢性碱中毒", "B": "低钾血症、代谢性酸中毒", "C": "高钾血症、代谢性酸中毒", "D": "高钾血症、代谢性碱中毒"}, "answer": "低钾血症、代谢性碱中毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.急性右心室ST段抬高心肌梗死慎用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呋塞米", "B": "阿司匹林", "C": "低分子肝素", "D": "尿激酶"}, "answer": "呋塞米", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.癌基因表达的产物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生长因子", "B": "野生型p53基因", "C": "噬菌体", "D": "基因易位"}, "answer": "生长因子", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医师义务和权力不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "承诺治疗效果", "B": "促进病人身心健康", "C": "保证病人平等医疗权", "D": "履行自己的义务"}, "answer": "承诺治疗效果", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "人体实验的道德价值判断,下列各项中除哪一项外均对?(  )", "options": {"A": "从实验目的看,维护人类健康,推动医学发展", "B": "从实验手段看,动物实验为前提,有科学周密计划", "C": "从实验结果看,成功的合乎道德价值,反之则否定", "D": "从实验得失代价看,对医学发展,对受试者健康均得大于失者"}, "answer": "从实验结果看,成功的合乎道德价值,反之则否定", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,23岁,3个月前起病,说话语无伦次,常自言自语,说自己是神仙、是伟人,对异性有非分之想,攻击亲人。精神检查:意识清晰,兴奋躁动,思维破碎,内容离奇,难以理解,认为门外有人要杀他,有一台电脑在影响他的大脑,使大脑在不停地转。躯体及神经系统检查未见异常。该患者诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑郁症", "B": "躁狂症", "C": "精神分裂症", "D": "神经症"}, "answer": "精神分裂症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,40岁,2年来出现劳累性胸痛伴头晕、心悸,含硝酸甘油无效,休息可缓解。查体:血压160/95rnmHg,心界不大,心率80次/min,律整,心脏轻度增大,胸骨左缘3~4肋间有收缩期喷射性杂音,双肺呼吸音清,腹平软。超声心动图检查示:左室腔正常,室间隔厚1.5cm,左室后壁厚1.0cm,二尖瓣前叶在收缩中期有前向移动(SAM征)与室间隔接触,流出道20mm。1.该病例诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压病", "B": "肥厚型梗阻性心肌病", "C": "冠心病", "D": "风湿性心脏病"}, "answer": "肥厚型梗阻性心肌病", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性粒细胞白血病患者,白细胞650×109/L,巨脾,突发左上腹剧痛,首先考虑诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "脾梗死", "B": "胃穿孔", "C": "胰腺炎", "D": "以上均不对"}, "answer": "脾梗死", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "膝腱反射中枢在(  )。", "options": {"A": "L1~2", "B": "L2~4", "C": "L3~5", "D": "L5~S2"}, "answer": "L2~4", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于有机磷的代谢和排泄正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝内氧化产物不如原来毒性强", "B": "经肾排泄", "C": "在体内蓄积,毒性持久", "D": "肝内水样产物比原来毒性强"}, "answer": "经肾排泄", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于甘油磷脂合成原料的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甘油和脂肪酸主要由葡萄糖代谢转化而来", "B": "其2位的多不饱和脂肪酸必须从动物油获取", "C": "胆碱可由食物供给", "D": "丝氨酸是生成乙醇胺的原料"}, "answer": "其2位的多不饱和脂肪酸必须从动物油获取", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.上述哪项为以行为主义理论为基础的疗法?(  )", "options": {"A": "自由联想疗法", "B": "森田疗法", "C": "询者中心疗法", "D": "系统脱敏疗法"}, "answer": "系统脱敏疗法", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "乳腺癌皮肤出现“橘皮样”改变的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癌肿侵犯Cooper韧带使其收缩", "B": "癌细胞堵塞皮下淋巴管使淋巴回流障碍", "C": "侵犯局部皮肤", "D": "癌肿使皮下脂肪变性"}, "answer": "癌细胞堵塞皮下淋巴管使淋巴回流障碍", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项为右侧胸髓损伤的主要表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "左下肢瘫,右侧损伤平面以下痛温觉障碍", "B": "右下肢瘫及深感觉障碍,左侧损伤平面以下痛温觉障碍", "C": "右下肢瘫、膝腱反射消失、Barbinski征(-)", "D": "左下肢瘫,右侧损伤平面以下痛温觉障碍"}, "answer": "右下肢瘫及深感觉障碍,左侧损伤平面以下痛温觉障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "液化性坏死常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑和胰腺", "B": "肝", "C": "脾", "D": "肾"}, "answer": "脑和胰腺", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.正常成年人体内脑脊液的总量(  )。", "options": {"A": "1000~1200ml", "B": "400~600ml", "C": "120~160ml", "D": "60~80ml"}, "answer": "120~160ml", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,40岁,因发热、便秘、食欲不振10天入院。查体:T 39.8℃,P 98次/分,肝大肋下1.0cm,软,脾肋下及边。血常规WBC 2.7×109/L,中性粒细胞52%,淋巴细胞44%,血清ALT 100U/L,肥达反应“O”1:160,“H”1:160。2.为进一步确定诊断,需做何检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "便常规", "B": "血细菌培养", "C": "骨髓象检查", "D": "肝脏穿刺活检"}, "answer": "血细菌培养", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "动脉粥样硬化性心脏疾患者的膳食原则不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "食盐摄入在6~10g之间", "B": "供给充足的微量营养和膳食纤维", "C": "限制总能量的摄入,保持理想体重", "D": "限制脂肪和胆固醇的摄入"}, "answer": "食盐摄入在6~10g之间", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "营养不良时可伴有多种维生素缺乏,下列哪项最多见?(  )", "options": {"A": "维生素E", "B": "维生素D", "C": "维生素A", "D": "维生素B"}, "answer": "维生素A", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,70岁。因胆总管结石急症行胆总管探查术后1周,T管每天引流约400~600ml。最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝脏功能异常", "B": "胆总管T管引流通畅", "C": "胆汁引流袋位置过低", "D": "胆总管下端不通畅"}, "answer": "胆总管下端不通畅", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "提高溶栓成功率最重要的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "联合使用抗凝药物", "B": "增加溶栓药物的剂量", "C": "缩短发病至溶栓开始的时间", "D": "联合使用抗血小板聚集、抗凝药物"}, "answer": "缩短发病至溶栓开始的时间", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "血清铁减低、总铁结合力增高及转运铁蛋白饱和度减低见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "感染性贫血", "B": "海洋性贫血", "C": "缺铁性贫血", "D": "再生障碍性贫血"}, "answer": "缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "头部外伤后,最常扪及头皮下波动的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮下血肿", "B": "帽状腱膜下血肿", "C": "骨膜下血肿", "D": "皮下积脓"}, "answer": "帽状腱膜下血肿", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,10岁,发育正常,无明显症状。听诊于胸骨左缘第2、3肋间2级收缩期杂音,心电图显示右心室肥厚及不完全性右束支传导阻滞。1.本例可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺动脉狭窄", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "房间隔缺损", "D": "右位心"}, "answer": "房间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "与电源直接接触所致电烧伤的主要特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤后坏死范围一般不会再扩大", "B": "损伤范围通常外小内大", "C": "有明显的坏死层面", "D": "电流“出口”处较“入口”处损伤重"}, "answer": "损伤范围通常外小内大", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项属于医德规范现象?(  )", "options": {"A": "医德思想", "B": "医德原则", "C": "医德信念", "D": "医德信仰"}, "answer": "医德原则", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,56岁。右乳头间断血性溢液1年,触及肿物6个月,无疼痛不适。查体:T 36.5℃,P 80次/分,BP 120/80mmHg,右腋窝可触及成团融合并固定的淋巴结。心肺腹查体未见异常。右乳头轻度内陷,按压乳晕周围可见右乳头单孔少量血性溢液,右乳乳晕深面可及5.5cm×4cm包块,质硬,边界不清,与胸壁粘连固定。1.为明确诊断,最佳的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳管镜检查", "B": "乳头溢液涂片细胞学检查", "C": "乳腺及腋窝超声", "D": "乳腺肿物切除活检"}, "answer": "乳腺肿物切除活检", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "HLA复合体基因不编码的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HLA-Ⅰ类分子的重链(O链)", "B": "HLA-Ⅰ类分子的轻链(p:m)", "C": "HLA-Ⅱ类分子的O链", "D": "HLA-Ⅱ类分子的p链"}, "answer": "HLA-Ⅰ类分子的轻链(p:m)", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5个月男婴,发热、咳嗽、喘憋3天。查体:体温37.5℃,呼吸68次/分,呼气性呼吸困难,呼气时有呻吟,伴明显鼻扇及三凹征,满肺喘鸣音,底部有细湿啰音。血象:白细胞7.0×109/L,淋巴细胞占0.78。诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎", "B": "革兰阴性杆菌肺炎", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "D": "腺病毒肺炎"}, "answer": "呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "只能生酮的氨基酸是(  )。", "options": {"A": "亮氨酸", "B": "甘氨酸", "C": "苏氨酸", "D": "色氨酸"}, "answer": "亮氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列毒物中毒可使口唇黏膜呈樱桃红色的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "农药", "B": "二氧化碳", "C": "一氧化碳", "D": "来苏"}, "answer": "一氧化碳", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于细菌L型,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "形态多样", "B": "在低渗透压环境中仍可存活", "C": "去除诱发因素后可回复为原菌", "D": "仍具有一定的致病力"}, "answer": "在低渗透压环境中仍可存活", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "6岁小儿,9月份因发热半日,呕吐2次,突然面色苍白,四肢发凉来诊。查体:T40℃,神志尚清,重病容,面灰,呼吸促,皮肤发花。血压4/0kPa,心率快,脑膜刺激征未引出,肛检便常规,白细胞20个/HP,红细胞10个/HP,诊断中毒型痢疾。2.关于细菌性痢疾其主要病变部位在(  )。", "options": {"A": "回肠末端", "B": "横结肠", "C": "小肠和结肠", "D": "乙状结肠和直肠"}, "answer": "乙状结肠和直肠", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪一作用与吗啡治疗心源性哮喘的机制无关?(  )", "options": {"A": "有强大的镇痛作用", "B": "有明显的镇静作用", "C": "消除患者焦虑、恐惧情绪", "D": "血管扩张、心脏负荷减轻"}, "answer": "有强大的镇痛作用", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医学免疫学研究的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗原与抗体的相互作用关系", "B": "病原微生物的感染和机体防御能力", "C": "人类免疫现象的原理和应用", "D": "动物对抗原刺激产生的免疫应答"}, "answer": "人类免疫现象的原理和应用", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿泌尿系统解剖特点中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "年龄越小,肾脏相对越重", "B": "2岁以下小儿肾脏表面呈分叶状", "C": "女婴尿道短,外口暴露,易受细菌感染", "D": "男婴尿道长,不引起上行性细菌感染"}, "answer": "男婴尿道长,不引起上行性细菌感染", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "诊断伤寒病常用的血清学反应为哪项(  )。", "options": {"A": "肥达反应", "B": "抗O试验", "C": "冷凝集试验", "D": "抗球蛋白反应"}, "answer": "肥达反应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.女,35岁,已婚。停经70天,阴道中等量流血1天。妇科检查:宫口见组织物堵塞,子宫稍大、软,双侧附件未触及异常。本例首选的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌肉注射缩宫素治疗", "B": "肌肉注射苯巴比妥", "C": "保胎治疗", "D": "立即行清宫术"}, "answer": "立即行清宫术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,61岁,因睡眠不好服用速可眠1月。服药后睡眠改善,但一旦减药,患者就出现多梦、噩梦。对该患者的最佳处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "恢复正常用药量,不需特殊处理", "B": "加大药物剂量", "C": "马上停止服药", "D": "缓慢减量,或用长效的巴比妥类药物来替代"}, "answer": "缓慢减量,或用长效的巴比妥类药物来替代", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "儿童易发生(  )。", "options": {"A": "枕骨大孔疝", "B": "小脑幕切迹上疝", "C": "穿颅疝", "D": "小脑幕切迹疝"}, "answer": "枕骨大孔疝", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对人而言,HLA分子属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "同种异型抗原", "B": "改变的自身抗原", "C": "隐蔽抗原", "D": "肿瘤相关抗原"}, "answer": "同种异型抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "目前效果最好的免疫抑制剂是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硫唑嘌呤", "B": "环孢霉素A(CsA)", "C": "糖皮质激素", "D": "FK-506"}, "answer": "FK-506", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "申请个体行医的,须经执业医师注册后在医疗、预防、保健机构中工作满(  )。", "options": {"A": "1年", "B": "3年", "C": "4年", "D": "5年"}, "answer": "5年", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项符合结核菌素试验72小时注射部位出现红肿硬结直径20mm并出现水疱、坏死的判断结果?(  )", "options": {"A": "“+”", "B": "“—”", "C": "“++”", "D": "“+++”"}, "answer": "“+++”", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "丁卡因的作用或应用为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脂溶性低", "B": "穿透力弱", "C": "作用较普鲁卡因弱", "D": "可用于表面麻醉"}, "answer": "可用于表面麻醉", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,59岁,因肝硬化腹水、肝硬化失代偿期住进某市中医院,经治疗病情未见改善,反而加重,出现肝性脑病,多次昏迷,处于濒死状态。其子在得知母亲治愈无望时,向主管医师提出书面请求:为其母实施“安乐死”,以尽快解除病人濒死前的剧痛。在家属再三请求之下,主管医师于1986年6月28日下了医嘱,先后两次注射复方氯丙嗪175mg,病人安静地死去。之后,主管医师及病人的儿子二人均以故意杀人罪被起诉立案,主管医师先后两次受审,并被逮捕羁押1年,后经市人民法院多次公开审理及诉讼后,才宣告主管医师无罪释放。上述做法(  )。", "options": {"A": "完全不正确,医师实行安乐死与杀人无异", "B": "完全正确,其选择在医学上有充分依据", "C": "法律允许,但在伦理上是成问题的", "D": "没有处理好医学决策与伦理判断之间的矛盾,是有着严重的伦理问题的"}, "answer": "没有处理好医学决策与伦理判断之间的矛盾,是有着严重的伦理问题的", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "甲状腺功能亢进手术治疗正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "青少年甲状腺功能亢进患者应手术治疗", "B": "老年病人手术适应证应放宽", "C": "因手术对胎儿发育影响大,妊娠期甲状腺功能亢进一般不考虑手术治疗", "D": "中度以上的原发性甲状腺功能亢进考虑手术治疗"}, "answer": "中度以上的原发性甲状腺功能亢进考虑手术治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1980年调查某校10岁女生,得身高标准差为6.10cm,胸围标准差为3.40cm,比较身高和胸围的变异程度,以下哪项是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "身高比胸围变异大", "B": "两者变异都不太大", "C": "两者变异都较大", "D": "据此资料尚不能作出结论"}, "answer": "两者变异都较大", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,48岁,发热伴对称性多关节肿痛,晨僵3个月,查ANA低滴度阳性,RF(+),IgG和补体升高,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多肌炎", "B": "系统性红斑狼疮", "C": "类风湿关节炎", "D": "干燥综合征"}, "answer": "类风湿关节炎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为反映直接作用于感觉器官的客观事物个别属性的心理过程?(  )", "options": {"A": "感觉", "B": "思维", "C": "记忆", "D": "知觉"}, "answer": "感觉", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,76岁,1小时前被家属发现意识不清急送入院,患者有慢性阻塞性肺疾病史20年。近2天来烦躁,昏迷,球结膜水肿,口唇发绀,双下肺可闻及湿啰音。双侧Babinski征(+)。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺性脑病", "B": "急性左心衰", "C": "电解质紊乱", "D": "脑血管病"}, "answer": "肺性脑病", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于依赖综合征错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可以有耐受性增高", "B": "出现意识障碍", "C": "当使用物质终止或减少用量时出现戒断症状", "D": "使用物质而忽视其他活动或兴趣"}, "answer": "出现意识障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有关高血压脑出血的手术适应证,下述哪项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "有心、肺、肝、肾等严重疾患者多不宜手术", "B": "浅部出血应优先考虑手术", "C": "大脑半球出血量>30ml,小脑出血>10ml者多不宜手术", "D": "急性脑干出血手术很少成功"}, "answer": "大脑半球出血量>30ml,小脑出血>10ml者多不宜手术", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.上述维生素参与氧化脱氨的是?(  )", "options": {"A": "维生素B1", "B": "维生素B6", "C": "维生素PP", "D": "叶酸"}, "answer": "维生素PP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.内源性凝血系统激活始发因子(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅻ因子", "B": "X因子", "C": "Ⅲ因子", "D": "Ⅳ因子"}, "answer": "Ⅻ因子", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,34岁。四肢广泛挤压伤后3小时急诊入院。查体:BP 85/65mmHg,呼吸急促,口唇发绀,双肺可闻及湿啰音,心率140次/分。血气分析(未吸氧):PaO2 50mmHg,PaCO2 30mmHg。除扩容治疗外,此时应首选的治疗措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用糖皮质激素", "B": "持续高浓度吸氧", "C": "静脉应用抗生素", "D": "机械通气"}, "answer": "持续高浓度吸氧", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "链球菌感染后急性肾小球肾炎与膜增生性肾小球肾炎相鉴别的要点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ASO是否升高", "B": "有无前驱感染", "C": "早期有无少尿、无尿及肾功能恶化", "D": "低补体血症是否于8周内恢复"}, "answer": "低补体血症是否于8周内恢复", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "切口感染常在术后多少天发生(  )。", "options": {"A": "3~5天", "B": "6~7天", "C": "8~9天", "D": "10~14天"}, "answer": "3~5天", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性肝炎时血清中哪种酶的活性改变最小?(  )", "options": {"A": "CPK", "B": "LDH", "C": "GPT", "D": "醛缩酶"}, "answer": "CPK", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.Sheehan综合征最常出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "停经泌乳", "B": "鼻宽舌大", "C": "腋毛阴毛脱落", "D": "皮肤色素沉着"}, "answer": "腋毛阴毛脱落", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "滴虫性阴道炎的治疗,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不能耐受口服用药的可选择局部用药", "B": "性伴侣治疗", "C": "随访至症状消失", "D": "无需禁止性生活"}, "answer": "无需禁止性生活", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "三羧酸循环的生理意义是(  )。", "options": {"A": "合成胆汁酸", "B": "提供能量", "C": "提供NADPH", "D": "参与酮体代谢"}, "answer": "提供能量", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "通过核受体发挥作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素", "B": "甲状腺素", "C": "甲状旁腺素", "D": "促肾上腺皮质激素"}, "answer": "甲状腺素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "溶血性贫血时,能提示骨髓代偿性增生的实验室检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "周围血出现晚幼红细胞", "B": "周围血出现破碎红细胞", "C": "血清胆红素增高", "D": "血清结合珠蛋白降低"}, "answer": "周围血出现晚幼红细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对切除胰腺或重度糖尿病患者无效的降糖药为(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿卡波糖", "B": "格列齐特", "C": "甲福明", "D": "珠蛋白锌胰岛素"}, "answer": "格列齐特", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,26岁。近1周出现右侧胸痛、呼吸困难伴发热,查体:T 38.5℃,右下肺叩诊浊音,呼吸音减低。行抽液治疗时,患者感到呼吸困难有减轻。但抽液1200mL时患者气促加重,伴剧烈咳嗽,咳大量泡沫状痰。最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸膜反应", "B": "并发气胸", "C": "并发肺水肿", "D": "纵隔摆动"}, "answer": "并发肺水肿", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,37岁,渔民。突起腹泻1天,大便10余次,为稀水样,无脓血便及里急后重,无发热、腹痛,呕吐2次,为米泔水样。体检:体温36.5℃,血压90/60mmHg,轻度脱水貌。粪便镜检每高倍镜视野见白细胞1~2个。下列检查对诊断没有帮助的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大便涂片革兰染色镜检", "B": "大便悬滴镜检", "C": "血培养", "D": "大便碱性蛋白胨增菌培养"}, "answer": "血培养", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项属于糖尿病微血管病变?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑血管意外", "B": "糖尿病肾病", "C": "肾动脉狭窄", "D": "下肢坏疽"}, "answer": "糖尿病肾病", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是窦房结P细胞动作电位0期去极的离子基础?(  )", "options": {"A": "Ca2+内流", "B": "Na+内流", "C": "K+内流", "D": "Ca2+外流"}, "answer": "Ca2+内流", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,23岁,因爱人车祸身亡而突然精神失常,时哭时笑,问“你多大岁”,答“5岁”,问“你在何处工作”,答“我是幼儿园小宝宝”,此症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "后天性痴呆", "B": "假性痴呆", "C": "自知力缺乏", "D": "错构"}, "answer": "假性痴呆", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,41岁,因发热2周于8月20日入院,伴腹痛、腹泻,稀便每日5~6次,有皮疹。体检:体温39℃,四肢及躯干皮肤可见荨麻疹,浅表淋巴结轻度肿大,肝肋下3cm,质软,轻触痛。发病前1个月曾去安徽出差。初步诊断为急性血吸虫病。4.若该患者病程中出现意识障碍、四肢痉挛、腱反射亢进、锥体束征阳性,考虑合并脑血吸虫病。此时治疗应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "呋喃丙胺", "B": "吡喹酮", "C": "六氯二甲苯", "D": "硝硫氰胺"}, "answer": "吡喹酮", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "足月婴儿出生时全身皮肤青紫,Apgar评分为3分。查体:昏迷,反射消失,肌张力低下,心率慢,呼吸不规则,诊断为缺氧缺血性脑病,临床分度为(  )。", "options": {"A": "极轻度", "B": "轻度", "C": "重度", "D": "极重度"}, "answer": "重度", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心身疾病与下述哪些因素有关?(  )", "options": {"A": "生活事件", "B": "性格", "C": "个体易感性", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "个体易感性", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "保持刺激作用时间不变,引起组织细胞发生兴奋的最小刺激强度称(  )。", "options": {"A": "阈电位", "B": "阈强度", "C": "阈下刺激", "D": "阈上刺激"}, "answer": "阈强度", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3岁男孩,发现水肿1月,尿常规:蛋白(+++)红细胞2~4个/高倍视野。血浆蛋白25g/L,胆固醇9.6mmol/L。4.单纯性肾病综合征最常见的并发症不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "感染", "B": "血栓形成", "C": "高血压脑病", "D": "肾功能衰竭"}, "answer": "高血压脑病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,l7岁,近半年来一直低头不敢看人,经医生反复询问,答“看很多人脸都像在哈哈镜中的模样,有的很胖有的很瘦,看上去很可怕”。该症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "视物变形", "B": "感觉倒错", "C": "空间知觉障碍", "D": "幻觉"}, "answer": "视物变形", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,50岁,外伤后致胫腓骨中下1/3开放性骨折,经治疗,3个月后X线片复查见骨折略有移位,骨折线清晰,影响骨折愈合最主要的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤口有感染", "B": "骨折段血液供血不足", "C": "年龄较大", "D": "骨折复位不良"}, "answer": "骨折段血液供血不足", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.强制性思维是(  )。", "options": {"A": "联想结构障碍", "B": "联想速度障碍", "C": "联想数量障碍", "D": "联想自主性障碍"}, "answer": "联想自主性障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.肝炎时,凝血因子合成障碍(  )。", "options": {"A": "黄疸", "B": "出血", "C": "血SGPT升高", "D": "肝区疼痛"}, "answer": "出血", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项不是急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎的临床表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "水肿", "B": "高血压", "C": "菌尿", "D": "氮质血症"}, "answer": "菌尿", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "根据《放射治疗管理规定》,非特殊需要,不得对受孕一定时间段的孕龄妇女进行下腹部放射影像检查。该时间段是(  )。", "options": {"A": "受孕后28~34周", "B": "受孕后8~15周", "C": "受孕后36~38周", "D": "受孕后16~28周"}, "answer": "受孕后8~15周", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列药物对胃、十二指肠黏膜损害最严重的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "保泰松", "B": "非甾体类抗炎药", "C": "肝素", "D": "消炎痛"}, "answer": "非甾体类抗炎药", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不是人类免疫缺陷病毒的靶细胞的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单核巨噬细胞", "B": "CD8T细胞", "C": "树突状细胞", "D": "小神经胶质细胞"}, "answer": "CD8T细胞", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "足月新生儿,臀位产,生后1min、5min、10min Apgar评分分别为4、6、8分。生后12h,小儿烦躁,肢体抖动,体检:体温正常,前囟饱满,肌张力增高,双眼凝视,瞳孔等大,心、肺听诊正常,血白细胞数11.0×109/L,N 0.65;血钙2.4mmol/L,血糖2.5mmol/L。2.下列措施不妥的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用甘露醇脱水剂", "B": "腰穿放脑脊液", "C": "监测心率、呼吸", "D": "维持正常血压"}, "answer": "腰穿放脑脊液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "妊娠期间hCG分泌量达高峰的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "妊娠4~6周", "B": "妊娠8~10周", "C": "妊娠16~18周", "D": "妊娠20~22周"}, "answer": "妊娠8~10周", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "早产儿,胎龄35周。体检发现胸骨左缘第2肋间有粗糙响亮的连续性机器样杂音,后经超声心动图检查为动脉导管未闭,可以选用下述哪种药物治疗使其导管闭合?(  )", "options": {"A": "氨基比林", "B": "吲哚美辛", "C": "肾上腺皮质激素", "D": "肾上腺素"}, "answer": "吲哚美辛", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "输血最严重的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "非溶血性发热", "B": "病毒性肝炎", "C": "溶血反应", "D": "过敏反应"}, "answer": "溶血反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "腰椎间盘突出症,出现鞍区麻木及排尿、排便功能障碍,乃突出间盘压迫(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓圆椎", "B": "马尾神经", "C": "骶1神经根", "D": "骶2神经根"}, "answer": "马尾神经", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.外用无效,口服治疗体表癣病的药物(  )。", "options": {"A": "碘苷", "B": "氟康唑", "C": "利巴韦林", "D": "灰黄霉素"}, "answer": "灰黄霉素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在体外pH7.0,25℃条件下,1molATP水解为ADP和Pi时释放的能量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "18kJ", "B": "25.5kJ", "C": "30.5kJ", "D": "35.5kJ"}, "answer": "30.5kJ", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,72岁。进行性排尿困难6年,近1周出现排尿疼痛伴发热,T 39℃。B超提示前列腺增大,残余尿400ml,双肾积水。尿常规:WBC 30~50/HP。血BUN及Scr升高。入院后首选的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "耻骨上膀胱造瘘+抗感染治疗", "B": "5α还原酶抑制剂", "C": "前列腺切除", "D": "抗感染治疗"}, "answer": "耻骨上膀胱造瘘+抗感染治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,48岁。近1个月来出现口渴。每日饮水量约2000ml。身高156cm,体重70kg。患者空腹血糖7.6 mmol/L,餐后血糖14.8mmol/L。过去无糖尿病病史。2.【假设信息】治疗3个月后,空腹血糖5.5mmol/L,餐后血糖7.5mmol/L。治疗改为(  )。", "options": {"A": "使用胰岛素", "B": "阿卡波糖", "C": "那格列奈", "D": "二甲双胍"}, "answer": "阿卡波糖", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "因支气管静脉曲张破裂所致略血最常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺脓肿", "B": "肺栓塞", "C": "二尖瓣狭窄", "D": "Wegener肉芽肿"}, "answer": "二尖瓣狭窄", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "伸直型肱骨髁上骨折的断端最常见的移位方向是(  )。", "options": {"A": "远折端向后移位", "B": "近折端向桡侧移位", "C": "远折端向前多位", "D": "近折端向尺侧移位"}, "answer": "远折端向后移位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "糖尿病合并高血压的患者,血压控制目标值应小于(  )。", "options": {"A": "130/80mmHg", "B": "150/90mmHg", "C": "130/90mmHg", "D": "140/90mmHg"}, "answer": "130/80mmHg", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "诊断风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心电图示电轴右偏", "B": "X线示左心室增大", "C": "肺动脉瓣区第二心音亢进", "D": "胸骨左缘第3、4肋间可闻及开瓣音"}, "answer": "X线示左心室增大", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于糖尿病某些化验的意义,下列正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(主要是HDL2胆固醇)水平与大血管病变的危险性呈负相关", "B": "血清极低密度脂蛋白水平与大血管病变的危险性呈负相关", "C": "外周血糖化血红蛋白的测定可反映近2~3周内血糖总的水平", "D": "外周血糖化血浆白蛋白测定可反映近2~3个月血糖总的水平"}, "answer": "血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(主要是HDL2胆固醇)水平与大血管病变的危险性呈负相关", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是沙门菌属分类的主要依据?(  )", "options": {"A": "毒素类型", "B": "染色性", "C": "生化反应", "D": "抗原构造"}, "answer": "抗原构造", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.既阻断α1又阻断α2受体的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "普萘洛尔", "B": "拉贝洛尔", "C": "酚妥拉明", "D": "美托洛尔"}, "answer": "酚妥拉明", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,43岁,临床表现为肾病综合征,肾穿刺活检见肾小球基底膜明显增厚,其电镜检查最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "基底膜与脏层上皮细胞间的沉积物内见基底膜的钉状突起", "B": "毛细血管基底膜不规则增厚", "C": "内皮细胞与基底膜间致密沉积物", "D": "系膜内有电子致密沉积物"}, "answer": "基底膜与脏层上皮细胞间的沉积物内见基底膜的钉状突起", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,40岁,体重60kg,因食管癌进食困难1个月余,主诉:乏力、极度口渴、尿少而色深。体检:血压、体温均正常,眼窝凹陷,唇、舌干燥,皮肤弹性差。辅助检查:血红蛋白102g/L,血浆清蛋白30g/L,血清钠164mmol/L,钾3.1mmol/L。2.该病人当天补充液体量约为(不包括当天生理需要量)(  )。", "options": {"A": "500ml", "B": "1000ml", "C": "3000ml", "D": "4500ml"}, "answer": "3000ml", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "中枢耐受最主要的形成机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫忽视", "B": "克隆清除", "C": "免疫抑制", "D": "独特型网络的调节作用"}, "answer": "克隆清除", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "调节醛固酮分泌最重要的生理因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血钠", "B": "血钾", "C": "肾素—血管紧张素系统", "D": "血容量"}, "answer": "肾素—血管紧张素系统", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.病人对医务人员出现攻击性行为属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人角色强化", "B": "病人角色异常", "C": "病人角色冲突", "D": "病人角色缺如"}, "answer": "病人角色异常", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.神经细胞动作电位的主要组成是(  )。", "options": {"A": "锋电位", "B": "阈电位", "C": "局部电位", "D": "正后电位"}, "answer": "锋电位", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "骨关节结核主要继发于(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化道结核", "B": "泌尿系统结核", "C": "胸膜结核", "D": "肺结核"}, "answer": "肺结核", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小肠上皮细胞对葡萄糖进行逆浓度差吸收时,伴有Na+顺浓度差进入细胞,称为继发性主动转运。所需的能量间接地来源于(  )。", "options": {"A": "中心体", "B": "钠泵", "C": "高尔基体", "D": "钙泵"}, "answer": "钠泵", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "执业医师法规定,医师有下述情形之一的,县级以上人民政府卫生行政部门应当依法给予表彰或奖励。下列不属于法定表彰或奖励情形的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "长期在少数民族地区条件艰苦的基层单位努力工作的", "B": "遇有自然灾害等情况时,救死扶伤,抢救诊疗表现突出的", "C": "从未出现医疗事故差错的", "D": "医术高尚,事迹突出的"}, "answer": "从未出现医疗事故差错的", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "需要与妊娠晚期合并急性病毒性肝炎鉴别者不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "妊娠剧吐引起的肝损害", "B": "妊娠期高血压引起的肝损害", "C": "妊娠期急性脂肪肝", "D": "药物性肝损害"}, "answer": "妊娠剧吐引起的肝损害", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.胆盐与脂肪分解产物在小肠内形成的水溶性复合物称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "食糜", "B": "微胶粒", "C": "混合微胶粒", "D": "脂肪微粒"}, "answer": "混合微胶粒", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,5岁,高热10h,抽搐2h,呕吐1次。外周血白细胞18×109/I,,中性粒细胞0.89,粪便常规:每高倍镜视野脓细胞5~8个,脑脊液检查正常,诊断为中毒型细菌性痢疾。2.下列有关中毒型菌痢脑型与流行性乙型脑炎的描述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "均有高热、惊厥、意识障碍", "B": "乙型脑炎以意识障碍为主要表现,休克极少见", "C": "乙型脑炎脑脊液检查有异常变化", "D": "乙型脑炎病情发展较中毒型菌痢更快"}, "answer": "乙型脑炎病情发展较中毒型菌痢更快", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,34岁。妊娠30周,少量阴道流血,以往曾有3次早产史。应采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制宫缩,促进胎儿肺成熟", "B": "任其自然", "C": "注意休息,并给以镇静剂", "D": "左侧卧位"}, "answer": "抑制宫缩,促进胎儿肺成熟", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医疗技术事故是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "由于难以预料的原因造成病员死亡", "B": "因技术不熟练,术中误伤大血管造成病员大出血死亡", "C": "无法避免造成死亡", "D": "无法避免造成残废"}, "answer": "因技术不熟练,术中误伤大血管造成病员大出血死亡", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.最容易发生嵌顿的疝是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹股沟斜疝", "B": "股疝", "C": "切口疝", "D": "脐疝"}, "answer": "股疝", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于乳腺癌的描述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多来源于肌上皮细胞", "B": "男性乳腺不发生癌", "C": "多数为浸润性导管癌", "D": "以血道转移多见"}, "answer": "多数为浸润性导管癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "“受试者根据自己的理解和感受对一些意义不明的图像、墨迹作出回答,借以诱导出受试者的经验、情绪或内心冲突”称为一种(  )。", "options": {"A": "智力测验", "B": "投射测验", "C": "感知测验", "D": "人格测验"}, "answer": "投射测验", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗和预防创伤发生气性坏疽的关键措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "快速补液与输血", "B": "应用大剂量青霉素", "C": "即刻予高压氧治疗", "D": "尽早行彻底清创术"}, "answer": "尽早行彻底清创术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对气性坏疽早期诊断较有价值的微生物学检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "取坏死组织分离培养", "B": "取坏死组织做动物实验", "C": "从伤口深部取材直接涂片染色镜检", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "从伤口深部取材直接涂片染色镜检", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "51岁妇女,绝经3年,阴道流血3个月,TBS分类为高度鳞状上皮细胞内病变,进一步处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫次广泛切除", "B": "阴道镜检查", "C": "诊断性刮宫+宫颈活体组织检查", "D": "宫颈锥形切除术"}, "answer": "诊断性刮宫+宫颈活体组织检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "萎缩性胃炎患者壁细胞大量减少,胃酸缺乏,但胃泌素水平增高,该患者胃泌素分泌增多是因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "迷走神经兴奋", "B": "促胰液素分泌减少", "C": "胃酸对G细胞的抑制减弱", "D": "肠-胃反射减弱"}, "answer": "胃酸对G细胞的抑制减弱", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "干酪样坏死的本质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤维蛋白样坏死", "B": "脂肪坏死", "C": "液化性坏死", "D": "彻底的凝固性坏死"}, "answer": "彻底的凝固性坏死", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "传染病的防治原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "管理传染源,切断传播途径,保护易感人群", "B": "管理食物、水源、粪便,消灭蚊蝇", "C": "切断社会因素和自然因素", "D": "环境卫生管理,水源食物管理,灭蝇"}, "answer": "管理传染源,切断传播途径,保护易感人群", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,26岁。因发热、恶心、纳差、尿黄1周,加重伴嗜睡、牙龈出血2天入院。体检:皮肤、巩膜重度黄染,可见皮下瘀斑,肝、脾肋下未触及,化验肝功TBil218μmol/L,ALT 400U/L,PT22s。诊断首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性活动性肝炎", "B": "淤胆型肝炎", "C": "急性重型肝炎", "D": "急性黄疸型肝炎"}, "answer": "急性重型肝炎", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于女性生殖器官的淋巴引流,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫颈淋巴大部分汇入髂外淋巴结及骶前淋巴结", "B": "阴道上段淋巴大部分汇入闭孔淋巴结及髂内淋巴结", "C": "阴道下段的淋巴引流主要汇入腹股沟淋巴结", "D": "宫体两侧淋巴可沿圆韧带入腹股沟浅淋巴结"}, "answer": "宫颈淋巴大部分汇入髂外淋巴结及骶前淋巴结", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于子宫下段说法正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "由非孕时的子宫峡部伸展形成", "B": "孕中期的子宫颈扩展为宫腔的一部分", "C": "临产后子宫颈伸展可达7~10cm", "D": "为临产后的子宫颈"}, "answer": "由非孕时的子宫峡部伸展形成", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某山村于8月上旬暴发流行一种疟疾,在6天内相继有近50人发病,患者均为4~14岁儿童。起病急,发热、头痛、全身酸痛、呕吐、眼红。查体:意识清,结膜充血,部分病人颈轻度抵抗,浅表淋巴结肿大。脑脊液呈无菌性脑膜炎改变,外周血象白细胞轻度升高。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "流行性乙型脑", "B": "流行性斑疹伤寒", "C": "流行性感冒", "D": "钩端螺旋体病"}, "answer": "钩端螺旋体病", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于管家基因叙述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "在生物个体的几乎所有细胞中持续表达", "B": "在一个物种的几乎所有个体中持续表达", "C": "在生物个体的某一生长阶段持续表达", "D": "在生物个体全生命过程的几乎所有细胞中表达"}, "answer": "在生物个体的某一生长阶段持续表达", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不需首选胰岛素治疗的糖尿病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "幼年重型糖尿病", "B": "轻型糖尿病", "C": "需做手术的糖尿病人", "D": "合并妊娠的糖尿病人"}, "answer": "轻型糖尿病", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,60岁,突然出现剧烈头痛和呕吐8小时。无发热,否认高血压史。查体:神清,体温36.9℃,血压120/75mmHg,右侧瞳孔直径3.5mm,对光反应消失,上睑下垂,眼球向上、下及内侧运动不能,颈项强直,克氏征阳性。CT示脑正中裂及右大脑外侧裂、枕大池呈高密度影。1.首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小脑出血", "B": "脑干出血", "C": "脑室出血", "D": "蛛网膜下腔出血"}, "answer": "蛛网膜下腔出血", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,20天,过期产儿。出生体重4.2kg,哭声低哑,反应迟钝,食量少,黄疸未退,便秘,体重低,腹胀。该患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺功能减低症", "B": "先天性巨结肠", "C": "先天愚型", "D": "黏多糖病"}, "answer": "甲状腺功能减低症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1岁男孩,发热2天,咳嗽、喘1日,已诊断为支气管肺炎,确诊最主要的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "双肺闻及细水泡音", "B": "三凹征(+)", "C": "口唇发绀", "D": "双肺闻及哮鸣音"}, "answer": "双肺闻及细水泡音", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肺总容量等于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺活量+功能余气量", "B": "肺活量+余气量", "C": "肺活量+潮气量", "D": "潮气量+功能余气量"}, "answer": "肺活量+余气量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列不属于心理治疗中的医患关系特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "系统性", "B": "正式性", "C": "时限性", "D": "共同性"}, "answer": "共同性", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是治疗三叉神经痛首选?(  )", "options": {"A": "扑米酮", "B": "苯妥英钠", "C": "卡马西平", "D": "阿司匹林"}, "answer": "卡马西平", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "骨折的特有体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "局部皮下瘀斑", "B": "功能障碍", "C": "反常活动", "D": "轴向叩击痛"}, "answer": "反常活动", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "婴儿每日需热量与营养素较成人相对高,主要是由于小儿(  )。", "options": {"A": "基础代谢所需较高", "B": "生长发育所需较高", "C": "食物特殊动力作用", "D": "消化吸收功能差,丢失较多"}, "answer": "生长发育所需较高", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.可反映左右心房去极过程的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "P波", "B": "QRS波群", "C": "P-R间期", "D": "ST段"}, "answer": "P波", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "单纯使用根治性切除手术治疗骨肉瘤,5年存活率不高,这主要因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "多见于年轻人", "B": "早期发生微小的肺转移", "C": "早期淋巴管内瘤栓形成", "D": "早期侵犯软组织"}, "answer": "早期发生微小的肺转移", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,4个月。双胎之小,单纯母乳喂养,面色苍白,食欲减退2个月。查体:肤色苍白,肝肋下3.5cm,脾肋下1.5cm。血Hb80g/L,RBC3.3×1012/L,MCV60fl,MCH24pg,MCHC25%,PLT、WBC正常。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "再生障碍性贫血", "B": "营养性巨幼细胞贫血", "C": "混合性贫血", "D": "缺铁性贫血"}, "answer": "缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "布雷迪曾做过这样的实验,两只猴子各坐在自己被约束的椅子上,每隔一定时间通一次电,其中一只猴子能自己断电而避免电击,另一只猴子则不能,结果(  )。", "options": {"A": "A得了溃疡病", "B": "B得了溃疡病", "C": "AB均得了溃疡病", "D": "AB均得了高血压"}, "answer": "A得了溃疡病", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "颅内肿瘤若表现为精神症状,常考虑的肿瘤部位为(  )。", "options": {"A": "小脑", "B": "顶叶", "C": "额叶", "D": "枕叶"}, "answer": "额叶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.可产生外毒素及抗生素(  )。", "options": {"A": "繁殖周期的对数期", "B": "繁殖周期的稳定期", "C": "繁殖周期的衰亡期", "D": "繁殖周期的生长曲线全过程"}, "answer": "繁殖周期的稳定期", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是L型细菌的主要特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "形成光滑中等大小菌落", "B": "细胞壁缺陷", "C": "无致病性", "D": "形态为球形"}, "answer": "细胞壁缺陷", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.刺激引起兴奋的基本条件是使跨膜电位达到(  )。", "options": {"A": "阈电位", "B": "负后电位", "C": "局部电位", "D": "正后电位"}, "answer": "阈电位", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "30岁女性,3年前产一死婴,近2年来烦渴多饮,日饮水量波动在1.5~2L,夜间饮水量明显少于白天,月经正常,无消瘦或乳房萎缩,入院后对主动限水耐受性好,禁水试验尿比重大于1.018,CT未见垂体或鞍区异常,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "席汉病", "B": "完全性尿崩", "C": "部分性尿崩", "D": "精神性饮水"}, "answer": "精神性饮水", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者,查:血小板10×109/L。2.若经足量的皮质激素治疗6个月后,查:血小板20×109/L.进一步治疗应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "继续用糖皮质激素治疗", "B": "免疫抑制剂", "C": "脾切除", "D": "输血小板"}, "answer": "脾切除", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列甲状腺激素的作用不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "分泌过多时,蛋白质合成增加", "B": "促进骨骼和脑的生长发育", "C": "使心跳加快加强", "D": "生理剂量可以促进蛋白质合成"}, "answer": "分泌过多时,蛋白质合成增加", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某男,24岁,因精神分裂症长期应用氯丙嗪治疗,1小时前因吞服一整瓶氯丙嗪而入院。体检:患者昏睡、血压下降达休克水平,并出现心电图的异常。请问,此时除洗胃及其他对症治疗外,应给予的升压药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "去甲肾上腺素", "B": "异丙肾上腺素", "C": "多巴胺", "D": "麻黄碱"}, "answer": "去甲肾上腺素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "L4~5椎间盘突出,最常受累的神经根是(  )。", "options": {"A": "L2", "B": "L4", "C": "L5", "D": "Sl"}, "answer": "L5", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,65岁。上腹部无规律性隐痛3个月,因饮酒后呕咖啡样物150mL、柏油便300mL来诊,无肝病史。查体:血压90/60mmHg,脉搏100次/分,血红蛋白90g/L,上腹部轻度压痛,肝脾肋下未触及。其止血措施最好选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素K1静滴", "B": "奥美拉唑静脉注射", "C": "6-氨基己酸静滴", "D": "云南白药口服"}, "answer": "奥美拉唑静脉注射", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,40岁,体重60kg,因食管癌进食困难1月余。主诉:乏力、极度口渴、尿少而色深。检查:血压、体温均正常,眼窝凹陷,唇、舌干燥,皮肤弹性差。2.该病人当天补充液量约为(不包括当天生理需水量)(  )。", "options": {"A": "1000ml", "B": "3000ml", "C": "4000ml", "D": "4500ml"}, "answer": "3000ml", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对乙肝病毒表面抗原的叙述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HBsAg含有四种亚型", "B": "三种HBV颗粒均含有HBsAg", "C": "检出HBsAg表示患乙型肝炎", "D": "HBsAg滴度高,HBeAg检出率也高"}, "answer": "检出HBsAg表示患乙型肝炎", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,35岁。在夏季旅游途中突然发热、头痛、昏迷,两天后死于呼吸循环衰竭。解剖发现脑充血水肿明显,小脑扁桃体疝形成。患者的疾病诊断应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑以外其他器官的感染性疾病,导致神经系统受损", "B": "流行性乙型脑炎", "C": "脊髓灰质炎", "D": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎"}, "answer": "流行性乙型脑炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "磺脲类药物的主要不良反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低血糖反应", "B": "肝功能损害", "C": "白细胞减少", "D": "皮肤瘙痒"}, "answer": "低血糖反应", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列有关蛋白质变性的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋白质变性时生物学活性降低或丧失", "B": "蛋白质变性时理化性质发生变化", "C": "去除变性因素后,所有变性蛋白质都可以复性", "D": "球蛋白变性后其水溶性降低"}, "answer": "去除变性因素后,所有变性蛋白质都可以复性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,31岁,火焰烧伤2小时,烧伤面积为80%体表总面积,其中深Ⅱ度40%体表总面积,Ⅲ度50%体表总面积,伤后无尿,心率148次/分,伤后头8小时输液4500ml(其中胶体1800ml)后仍无尿。2.还应选择下列哪项措施以利诊断及治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "肝肾功能的有关检查", "B": "血气分析", "C": "补充询问患者伤前及伤时病史", "D": "催吐或洗胃"}, "answer": "补充询问患者伤前及伤时病史", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,4岁,4天前开始发热、咳嗽,近2日尿少、水肿。查体:体温37.8℃,眼睑及下肢水肿,咽部充血,血压90/60mmHg,心肺正常。尿常规:蛋白(++),红细胞5~8个/HP。其他各项血化验暂未出结果。治疗应(  )。", "options": {"A": "给予利尿药物", "B": "低盐高蛋白饮食", "C": "泼尼松", "D": "给予青霉素治疗上呼吸道感染"}, "answer": "给予青霉素治疗上呼吸道感染", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "氧化磷酸化的偶联部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CytQ→Cytc", "B": "Cytb→Cytc1", "C": "UQ→Cytb", "D": "NADH→FMN"}, "answer": "CytQ→Cytc", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "高某,男性,63岁,4年前开始,近1年日益加重,不认识女儿,摔废旧物品,出门找不到家,不会穿衣,常呆坐,呆立呆望,不言不语,对人冷淡,不关心家人。既往史:有冶游史。躯体神经系统检查:无异常精神检查,意清,定向障碍,记忆障碍,个位数计算正确,两位数加法常错,夜间不眠,到处摸索,说身边有人唱歌内容听不清,流露出悲观情绪,未见自杀行为,生活不能自理。化验:康华试验阴性,CSF正常,CT示脑萎缩、额颞叶明显。1.诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "老年性痴呆", "B": "麻痹性痴呆", "C": "脑肿瘤", "D": "脑血管性痴呆"}, "answer": "老年性痴呆", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,33岁。因急性穿孔性阑尾炎伴局限性腹膜炎。行阑尾切除术后5天.体温38℃以上,白细胞计数18×109/L,腹痛、腹胀,大便3~5次/d,伴下坠感。应考虑是(  )。", "options": {"A": "盆腔脓肿", "B": "并发肠炎或痢疾", "C": "并发膈下脓肿", "D": "切口感染"}, "answer": "盆腔脓肿", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者女性,42岁,已婚,因转移性右下腹痛2天入院,伴恶心呕吐,发热。查体:右下腹明显压痛,反跳痛,肌紧张。血常规:WBC18×109/L,N0.89,尿常规未见异常。4.术后第5天该患者下腹坠胀,排便增多,里急后重,排尿困难,可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "泌尿系统感染", "B": "急性附件炎", "C": "盆腔脓肿", "D": "结肠炎"}, "answer": "盆腔脓肿", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "提示室性心动过速的特征性心电图改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "QRS波群电交替", "B": "室性融合波", "C": "P波与QRS波群传导比例为1:2", "D": "QRS波群至逆传P波的时间≤0.01秒"}, "answer": "室性融合波", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是特异性杀伤肿瘤的细胞?(  )", "options": {"A": "Tc(CTL)", "B": "Mφ", "C": "NK", "D": "中性粒细胞"}, "answer": "Tc(CTL)", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "反转录过程需要的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "核酸酶", "B": "DNA指导的RNA聚合酶", "C": "RNA指导的DNA聚合酶", "D": "RNA指导的RNA聚合酶"}, "answer": "RNA指导的DNA聚合酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者诊为肾综合征出血热,持续少尿6天,近3天无尿,并伴呼吸困难、咯血、心慌、心悸,试问该患者应为肾综合征出血热临床分型中的哪一型?(  )", "options": {"A": "重型", "B": "普通型", "C": "危重型", "D": "非典型"}, "answer": "危重型", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂最适用的临床情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压伴主动脉瓣狭窄", "B": "妊娠期高血压", "C": "高血压伴左心室肥厚", "D": "高血压伴双侧肾动脉狭窄"}, "answer": "高血压伴左心室肥厚", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.女性青春期发动的标志为(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳房萌发", "B": "出现阴毛、腋毛", "C": "月经初潮", "D": "音调变高"}, "answer": "乳房萌发", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于斜疝特点描述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "精索在疝囊后方", "B": "很少发生嵌顿", "C": "多见于老年人", "D": "疝囊颈在腹壁下动脉的内侧"}, "answer": "精索在疝囊后方", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,60岁。胸闷、气促2周。查体:吸气时BP 85/60mmHg,呼气时BP 100/75mmHg,心尖搏动减弱,心界向两侧扩大,心率125次/min,律齐,心音低钝、遥远,心脏各瓣膜区未闻及杂音。1.与上述临床表现相符合的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "De Musset征(点头征)", "B": "Ewart征", "C": "Duroziez双重音", "D": "Traube征(股动脉枪击音)"}, "answer": "Ewart征", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3岁患者,半月来低热,盗汗,食欲不振,消瘦,胸片诊断为肺结核原发综合征,OT试验1:2000(++)。治疗首选的抗结核药物应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "异烟肼+链霉素", "B": "异烟肼+利福平+链霉素", "C": "异烟肼+利福平", "D": "异烟肼"}, "answer": "异烟肼+利福平+链霉素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,40岁。3天前体检时B超发现右肝内一肿物,直径3cm。血AFP 500μg/L。其最有效的处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "经股动脉插管化疗", "B": "经皮肿瘤穿刺注无水酒精", "C": "行肝段切除术", "D": "全身化疗"}, "answer": "行肝段切除术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎的基本病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性变质性炎", "B": "急性化脓性炎", "C": "急性纤维性炎", "D": "急性浆液性炎"}, "answer": "急性化脓性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.Cushing综合征伴双侧肾上腺皮质萎缩是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内分泌功能亢进", "B": "内分泌功能正常", "C": "激素受体不敏感", "D": "下丘脑—垂体—靶腺轴的反馈抑制所致功能减退"}, "answer": "下丘脑—垂体—靶腺轴的反馈抑制所致功能减退", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于精神分裂症单纯型,下列哪种说法错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "发病多在青少年期", "B": "病程进展缓慢", "C": "兴趣及活动逐渐减退", "D": "伴有幻觉、妄想"}, "answer": "伴有幻觉、妄想", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,58岁,停经10年。因外阴痒1周就诊。查:白带乳块状,镜检发现菌丝。最合适的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阴道内放置咪康唑栓", "B": "阴道内放置己烯雌酚栓", "C": "阴道内放置甲硝唑栓", "D": "外阴应用0.5%醋酸液清洗"}, "answer": "阴道内放置咪康唑栓", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有一名病人,脑损伤后6小时,意识清、头痛,下述哪一项处理原则不可取?(  )", "options": {"A": "意识清,故回家观察", "B": "对症处置", "C": "观察意识、瞳孔、生命征等变化", "D": "向家属交待有迟发性颅内血肿可能"}, "answer": "意识清,故回家观察", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "基因诊断和基因治疗的伦理原则错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "治疗首选的原则", "B": "知情同意的原则", "C": "有益于病人的原则", "D": "保守秘密的原则"}, "answer": "治疗首选的原则", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "5个月小儿,人工喂养,体重4kg,腹部皮下脂肪0.3cm,皮肤弹性差,肌肉明显松弛,两眼近角膜外侧缘有结膜干燥斑,其最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅱ度营养不良伴维生素C缺乏", "B": "Ⅱ度营养不良伴维生素A缺乏", "C": "I度营养不良伴维生素C缺乏", "D": "Ⅲ度营养不良伴维生素A缺乏"}, "answer": "Ⅱ度营养不良伴维生素A缺乏", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.枕叶肿瘤可出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量丰富的视幻觉", "B": "Gerstmann综合征(手指失认、计算不能、书写不能和左右不分等)", "C": "大约1/2出现癫痫", "D": "广泛智能受损、情感障碍和人格改变"}, "answer": "大量丰富的视幻觉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "蛋白尿的定义是24小时尿蛋白超过(  )。", "options": {"A": "150mg", "B": "100mg", "C": "250mg", "D": "300mg"}, "answer": "150mg", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,35岁。反复水肿伴高血压3年,近半年来夜尿增多,时有牙龈出血,口渴,气促,面色逐渐苍白。血常规Hb 65g/L,1天前稀便多次后逐渐神志不清。患者2年前曾患急性甲型肝炎,自诉已治愈。为明确昏迷原因,除全面查体外,首选检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝功能", "B": "血氨", "C": "血肌酐", "D": "骨髓穿刺"}, "answer": "血肌酐", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "26岁孕妇。G1P0,末次月经记不清。产科检查:宫高34cm(宫底于剑突下两横指),胎头入盆,胎心位于脐右下方。其孕周是(  )。", "options": {"A": "妊娠20周", "B": "妊娠28周", "C": "妊娠34周", "D": "妊娠40周"}, "answer": "妊娠40周", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "脊髓灰质炎疫苗初种的年龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2个月", "B": "3个月", "C": "4个月", "D": "6个月"}, "answer": "2个月", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3~6个月婴儿患佝偻病,其主要的骨骼症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "方颅", "B": "颅骨软化", "C": "肋骨串珠", "D": "郝氏沟"}, "answer": "颅骨软化", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "老年期容易发生心理变化的方面包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "记忆力", "B": "智力", "C": "性格", "D": "以上都有"}, "answer": "以上都有", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.5岁男孩,发热、咳嗽、气促1周,突然呼吸困难加重。查体:体温39.5℃,心率161次/分,呼吸62次/分,左胸部呼吸运动受限,语颤减弱,叩诊浊音,听诊呼吸音消失,腹部平坦,肝在肋下1.5cm。根据病例诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎合并心肌炎", "B": "肺炎合并中毒性脑病", "C": "肺炎合并脓胸", "D": "肺炎合并脓气胸"}, "answer": "肺炎合并脓胸", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2岁患者,4天前发热、流涕、咳嗽、结膜充血、畏光,今晨发现耳后及颈部有淡红色斑丘疹,体温39℃,两颊黏膜充血,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "幼儿急疹", "B": "风疹", "C": "肠道病毒感染", "D": "麻疹"}, "answer": "麻疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列有关肾结核尿液的说法,哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "一般呈酸性反应", "B": "尿沉淀涂片抗酸染色有50%~70%的病例可查到结核杆菌", "C": "抗酸染色以清晨第1次尿的阳性率最高", "D": "若查到抗酸杆菌即可诊断肾结核"}, "answer": "若查到抗酸杆菌即可诊断肾结核", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性乙肝患者,化验乙肝五项指标,HBsAg(+),抗HBc(+),HBeAg(+),ALP 120U/L,其意义为(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒无复制,无传染性", "B": "有传染性", "C": "肝脏有损伤,无传染性", "D": "病毒有复制,有传染性,肝脏有损害"}, "answer": "病毒有复制,有传染性,肝脏有损害", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "首次取消了精神病与神经症的严格划分,取消了神经衰弱的诊断类别,肢解了神经症的诊断标准的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "DSM-Ⅲ", "B": "ICD-9", "C": "DSM-Ⅳ", "D": "ICD-10"}, "answer": "DSM-Ⅲ", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,35岁。腰背部疼痛3个月,伴有乏力、盗汗。查体:双下肢感觉、运动功能正常。X线显示L2~3椎间隙狭窄,腰大肌影增宽。最适宜的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗结核药物治疗", "B": "局部注射抗炎药物", "C": "加强腰背肌锻炼", "D": "立即行病灶清除手术"}, "answer": "抗结核药物治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,35岁。腹部被拖拉机撞伤后钝痛1天,突发左上腹剧痛3小时。查体:P 140次/min。BP 60/45mmHg,面色苍白,四肢厥冷,上腹中度压痛。肌紧张,腹部叩诊移动性浊音(+)。腹腔穿刺抽出不凝固血液。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小肠破裂", "B": "肝破裂", "C": "结肠破裂", "D": "脾破裂"}, "answer": "脾破裂", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.上述哪项是可引起亚急性细菌性心内膜炎的病原体?(  )", "options": {"A": "艰难梭菌", "B": "苍白密螺旋体", "C": "甲型溶血性链球菌", "D": "变异链球菌"}, "answer": "甲型溶血性链球菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "血栓转归中不会发生的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溶解", "B": "化生", "C": "机化", "D": "形成栓子"}, "answer": "化生", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,22岁。饥饿性上腹痛伴反酸1月余。2小时前呕血1次,暗红色,量约200ml。体重无明显变化。否认慢性肝病史。查体:贫血貌,腹软,上腹部有压痛,无反跳痛,肝脾肋下未触及。1.应首先考虑的出血原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化性溃疡", "B": "急性糜烂性胃炎", "C": "胃黏膜脱垂", "D": "食管胃底静脉曲张破裂"}, "answer": "消化性溃疡", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "支气管-肺感染和支气管阻塞是主要发病因素的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管扩张症", "B": "支气管肺癌", "C": "慢性支气管炎", "D": "支原体肺炎"}, "answer": "支气管扩张症", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医德评价的意义应除外(  )。", "options": {"A": "医务人员自我心理需求的手段", "B": "维护医德原则的重要保障", "C": "维护医德规范的重要保障", "D": "使医德原则、规范转化为医德行为的中介和桥梁"}, "answer": "医务人员自我心理需求的手段", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "新生儿Apgar评分指标不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "体温", "B": "皮肤颜色", "C": "呼吸", "D": "心率"}, "answer": "体温", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在中国,下列哪项是Adison病最常见的病因?(  )", "options": {"A": "肾上腺结核", "B": "白血病浸润", "C": "特发性肾上腺萎缩", "D": "淀粉样变"}, "answer": "肾上腺结核", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "诱导T细胞耐受(  )。", "options": {"A": "所需抗原量较高,耐受持续时间较长", "B": "所需抗原量较低,耐受持续时间较长", "C": "所需抗原量较高,耐受持续时间较短", "D": "所需时间较长,通常为一周左右"}, "answer": "所需抗原量较低,耐受持续时间较长", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医疗事故构成要件中所说的危害结果不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "组织器官损伤导致功能障碍", "B": "严重毁容", "C": "死亡", "D": "仅加重了患者医疗费用负担"}, "answer": "仅加重了患者医疗费用负担", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是来源于间叶组织的肿瘤?(  )", "options": {"A": "癌", "B": "肉瘤", "C": "母细胞瘤", "D": "临界肿瘤"}, "answer": "肉瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5.小儿身长、体重发育的规律是(  )。", "options": {"A": "先快后慢", "B": "先慢后快", "C": "先达高峰后下降", "D": "年龄越小发育越快"}, "answer": "年龄越小发育越快", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "是妄想特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内容与个人利益安全密切相关", "B": "无事实根据但坚定不移相信", "C": "具有个人特征,不同于集体共有信念", "D": "是一种虚幻的知觉体验"}, "answer": "是一种虚幻的知觉体验", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "结核性胸腔积液的治疗过程中,进行胸腔穿刺抽液,每次抽液量不宜超过1000mL,是为了避免(  )。", "options": {"A": "发生复张性肺水肿", "B": "发生胸膜反应", "C": "发生胸痛", "D": "发生感染"}, "answer": "发生复张性肺水肿", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,65岁,间断左下肢疼痛3年,加重1个月。疼痛于较长时间行走后出现,休息后可好转,近1个月来休息后疼痛无好转。既往高血压、血脂异常病史12年。查体:T 36.5℃,P 80次/分,BP 150/90mmHg。双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心律齐。A2>P2。腹软,无压痛。左足苍白,左足及左下肢皮温明显降低,左股动脉可触及搏动,左腘动脉、足背动脉搏动消失。左下肢病变首先应考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉硬化性闭塞症", "B": "深静脉血栓形成", "C": "急性动脉栓塞", "D": "血栓闭塞性脉管炎"}, "answer": "动脉硬化性闭塞症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,6岁,身高80cm,智能落后,仅能数1~20个数。查体:皮肤粗糙,眼距宽,鼻梁宽平,舌宽厚,常伸于口外,毛发枯干,发际低,骨龄摄片仅有4枚骨化核。1.为确诊应做的检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "智能测定", "B": "尿三氯化铁实验", "C": "血清T3、T4,TSH测定", "D": "生长激素测定"}, "answer": "血清T3、T4,TSH测定", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于HLA-Ⅱ类分子的不正确描述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "由α和β两条肽链借非共价键连接组成", "B": "能与CD4分子结合", "C": "能与CD8分子结合", "D": "主要存在于APC表面"}, "answer": "能与CD8分子结合", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "人类能创造出“猪八戒”这一并不客观存在的文学形象,这恰好说明了(  )。", "options": {"A": "心理是对客观现实的反映", "B": "心理是极其复杂的", "C": "心理是客观现实在人脑中的主观能动的反映", "D": "动物进化中产生了神经结构这一物质基础之后才有了心理功能"}, "answer": "心理是客观现实在人脑中的主观能动的反映", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "鉴别原发性和继发性靶腺功能减低时,最好的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "靶腺激素的测定", "B": "代谢状态的测定", "C": "促激素的测定", "D": "测定游离的靶腺激素"}, "answer": "促激素的测定", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,36岁。3年内抽搐发作20余次。发作表现为无诱因的口角和右上肢抽搐。意识尚清,但不能对答。约5~10秒后意识丧失伴全身抽搐。持续30秒后,逐渐停止。事后不能回忆发作过程。发作间期的神经系统检查和常规脑电图检查未见异常。针对该患者的治疗首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙琥胺", "B": "苯巴比妥", "C": "卡马西平", "D": "苯妥英纳"}, "answer": "乙琥胺", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,28岁。平时月经规则,现停经60天,阴道流血10天。妇科检查子宫如妊娠3个月大,软,无压痛,双侧附件区均扪及5cm囊性包块,壁薄,活动好,无压痛。血hCG增高明显。2.为确诊应首先进行的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "盆腔B超检查", "B": "盆腔CT", "C": "盆腔MR", "D": "腹部X线摄片"}, "answer": "盆腔B超检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.具有抗雄激素作用(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯海拉明", "B": "特非那定", "C": "西咪替丁", "D": "雷尼替丁"}, "answer": "西咪替丁", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "目前最常用的智力高低表示法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "百分位数", "B": "离差智商", "C": "比率智商", "D": "项目数"}, "answer": "离差智商", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "陈女士在下岗后出现了头痛、失眠、情绪低落、十分消极的情况。这种应激反应称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "焦虑", "B": "恐惧", "C": "抑郁", "D": "心理休克"}, "answer": "抑郁", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.断肢再植手术距外伤的时间(热缺血时间),一般以多长为限(  )。", "options": {"A": "6~8小时", "B": "24小时", "C": "36小时", "D": "96小时"}, "answer": "6~8小时", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "6.与细菌抵抗吞噬有关的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "荚膜", "B": "芽胞", "C": "鞭毛", "D": "异染颗粒"}, "answer": "荚膜", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "体内缺铁初期的最早、最可靠的诊断依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清总铁结合力增高", "B": "典型的小细胞低色素性贫血血象", "C": "骨髓贮存铁减少或缺乏", "D": "血清转运铁蛋白饱和度下降"}, "answer": "骨髓贮存铁减少或缺乏", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "胸片见环形透亮区、肺门上提、肺纹呈垂柳状改变的多为哪型肺结核?(  )", "options": {"A": "Ⅱ型肺结核", "B": "Ⅲ型肺结核", "C": "Ⅳ型肺结核", "D": "Ⅴ型肺结核"}, "answer": "Ⅳ型肺结核", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列不属于沉淀反应的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单向免疫扩散", "B": "免疫电泳", "C": "蛋白质印迹法", "D": "免疫比浊"}, "answer": "蛋白质印迹法", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.供应大脑外侧面血液的血管是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大脑中动脉", "B": "大脑前动脉", "C": "椎动脉", "D": "基底动脉"}, "answer": "大脑中动脉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,46岁。确诊急性白血病1年,拟行异基因造血干细胞移植。有利于提高移植物存活最重要的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HLA配型成功", "B": "血型相同", "C": "输注血液制品前辐照", "D": "输注间充质干细胞"}, "answer": "HLA配型成功", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "内分泌疾病的病因学检查不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "针吸活检", "B": "激素或受体基因的分析", "C": "视野测定", "D": "受体功能研究"}, "answer": "视野测定", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是医务人员的共同义务和天职?(  )", "options": {"A": "相互学习,共同提高和发挥优势", "B": "彼此信任,相互协作和监督", "C": "共同维护病人的利益和社会公益", "D": "彼此独立,相互支持和帮助"}, "answer": "共同维护病人的利益和社会公益", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "少尿的定义是指尿量少于(  )。", "options": {"A": "100ml/24小时或5ml/小时", "B": "400ml/24小时或17ml/小时", "C": "200ml/24小时或7ml/小时", "D": "500ml/24小时或17ml/小时"}, "answer": "400ml/24小时或17ml/小时", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪组症状表明结核性脑膜炎已进入晚期?(  )", "options": {"A": "少言、懒动、易倦、烦躁", "B": "剧烈头痛,喷射性呕吐", "C": "惊厥、意识模糊、昏迷", "D": "颈项强直、Kernig征、Brudzinski征阳性"}, "answer": "惊厥、意识模糊、昏迷", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿20个月,反复患“支气管肺炎”,有时剧烈哭闹时,颜面出现青紫,哭闹停止时青紫缓解。查体:体重9kg,双肺(-),心界扩大。胸骨左缘第3、4肋间可闻及4级粗糙的全收缩期杂音,向四周广泛传导,可扪及收缩期震颤。诊断为先天性心脏病。3.患儿容易患支气管肺炎的原因可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "哭闹易诱发肺炎", "B": "体循环血量不足", "C": "肺循环血量增加", "D": "体循环血量增加"}, "answer": "肺循环血量增加", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.梅毒的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯疱疹病毒", "B": "苍白密螺旋体", "C": "人免疫缺陷病毒", "D": "革兰阴性双球菌"}, "answer": "苍白密螺旋体", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有机磷中毒毒蕈碱样症状的主要表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺体分泌亢进,平滑肌痉挛", "B": "腺体分泌减退,平滑肌痉挛", "C": "腺体分泌亢进,运动神经兴奋", "D": "平滑肌痉挛,运动神经兴奋"}, "answer": "腺体分泌亢进,平滑肌痉挛", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "胃腺癌的最好发部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃窦", "B": "幽门", "C": "胃体", "D": "胃底"}, "answer": "胃窦", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在噪声对听觉系统损伤的发病过程中,最具特征性的表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "早期高频段听力下降", "B": "早期功能性听觉敏感性下降", "C": "听阈升高在后期不能恢复到正常的水平", "D": "听力下降呈递减性,先快后慢"}, "answer": "听阈升高在后期不能恢复到正常的水平", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "胺碘酮的作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阻滞Na+通道", "B": "阻滞Ca2+通道", "C": "延长动作电位时程", "D": "阻滞β受体"}, "answer": "延长动作电位时程", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "属于细胞因子的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "干扰素", "B": "调理素", "C": "乙型溶素", "D": "胸腺素"}, "answer": "干扰素", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤的发生,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "侵蚀性葡萄胎多继发于流产后", "B": "侵蚀性葡萄胎不会发生宫外转移", "C": "绝经后妇女不会发生绒毛膜癌", "D": "绒毛膜癌可能继发于足月妊娠或异位妊娠后"}, "answer": "绒毛膜癌可能继发于足月妊娠或异位妊娠后", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.颈椎病(  )。", "options": {"A": "肩关节外展受限", "B": "肩部疼痛、无活动受限", "C": "肘关节外侧疼痛", "D": "肘关节活动受限"}, "answer": "肩部疼痛、无活动受限", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "无黄疸型的钩端螺旋体病人常见死亡原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肺水肿", "B": "中毒性休克", "C": "肺大出血", "D": "急性肾功衰竭"}, "answer": "肺大出血", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "知觉不具有的特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "整体性", "B": "恒常性", "C": "意义性", "D": "倾向性"}, "answer": "倾向性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "哪项是骨软骨瘤的临床表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "肿块明显,并可见其表面静脉怒张", "B": "X线查见骨膜反应", "C": "本身可无症状,但压迫周围可影响功能", "D": "生长较快,伴明显疼痛"}, "answer": "本身可无症状,但压迫周围可影响功能", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "药物的治疗指数是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ED50与LD50之间的距离", "B": "ED50与LD50的比值", "C": "LD50与ED50的比值", "D": "ED90与LD10的比值"}, "answer": "LD50与ED50的比值", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,26岁,5天来鼻及牙龈出血,皮肤瘀斑。血红蛋白55g/L,白细胞10.0×109/L,血小板16×109/L。骨髓增生活跃,幼稚细胞占80%,胞浆有大小不等颗粒及成堆棒状小体,过氧化酶染色强阳性。2.本患者临床容易出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "巨脾", "B": "DIC", "C": "严重感染", "D": "齿龈肿胀"}, "answer": "DIC", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗严重房室传导阻滞宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "去甲肾上腺素", "B": "异丙肾上腺素", "C": "阿托品", "D": "氨茶碱"}, "answer": "异丙肾上腺素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.哌咪清的副作用为(  )。", "options": {"A": "头晕、口干、行走不稳", "B": "手颤、记忆力减退、睡眠中肢体抖动", "C": "面部感觉异常、角膜炎、复视和带状疱疹", "D": "听力减退或丧失、面部感觉减退或丧失、其他脑神经麻痹"}, "answer": "手颤、记忆力减退、睡眠中肢体抖动", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "噬菌体(  )。", "options": {"A": "严格宿主特异性", "B": "含DNA和RNA", "C": "抵抗力比细菌强", "D": "以上都对"}, "answer": "严格宿主特异性", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,7个月,诊断为流感嗜血杆菌脑膜炎,抗生素治疗一周,病情好转,体温正常,近3日又出现发热,抽搐,查体:前囟紧张,X线示颅缝分离,脑脊液检查正常。首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "并发硬膜下积液", "B": "脑脓肿", "C": "脑膜炎后遗症", "D": "脑水肿"}, "answer": "并发硬膜下积液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,30岁。平素体健,甲状腺腺瘤切除术后换药,切口无红肿,手术切口拆线时间段应是术后(  )。", "options": {"A": "6~7天", "B": "2~3天", "C": "7~9天", "D": "4~5天"}, "answer": "4~5天", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "NAP活性明显增高见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性淋巴细胞白血病缓解期", "B": "慢性粒细胞白血病慢性期", "C": "类白血病反应", "D": "多发性骨髓瘤"}, "answer": "类白血病反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "婴幼儿患化脓性脑膜炎时,最常见的病原菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎链球菌,流感嗜血杆菌", "B": "脑膜炎双球菌,流感嗜血杆菌", "C": "肺炎链球菌,脑膜炎双球菌", "D": "绿脓杆菌,β-溶血性链球菌"}, "answer": "肺炎链球菌,流感嗜血杆菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "最多可能表达的HLAⅠ类分子有几种?(  )。", "options": {"A": "1", "B": "3", "C": "4", "D": "5"}, "answer": "4", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,9岁。尿少水肿1D体检:眼睑部水肿,血压18.7/13.3kPa(140/100mmHg),尿蛋白(+),尿红细胞(+++)。该患儿诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾小球肾炎", "B": "单纯性肾病", "C": "肾炎性肾病", "D": "继发性肾病"}, "answer": "急性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "智力发展的关键期在(  )。", "options": {"A": "4岁前", "B": "3岁前", "C": "7岁前", "D": "6岁前"}, "answer": "7岁前", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "结核病预防性化疗的疗程是(  )。", "options": {"A": "6~12个月", "B": "3~6个月", "C": "18~24个月", "D": "24~30个月"}, "answer": "6~12个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "妊娠合并重症肝炎患者,产后当日皮肤粘膜瘀斑,阴道出血不止。下列各项中符合该病合并弥散性血管内凝血诊断的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "PLT 40×109/L,纤维蛋白原1.4g/L,3P试验阴性", "B": "PLT 150×109/L,3P试验阴性,PT20秒(对照12秒)", "C": "PLT 40×109/L,FDP 65mg/L,纤维蛋白原0.9g/L,PTl2秒(对照13秒)", "D": "PLT 80×109/L,FDP 20mg/L,纤维蛋白原2g/L"}, "answer": "PLT 40×109/L,FDP 65mg/L,纤维蛋白原0.9g/L,PTl2秒(对照13秒)", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "绝对不应期出现在动作电位的哪一时相?(  )", "options": {"A": "锋电位", "B": "除极相", "C": "正后电位", "D": "负后电位"}, "answer": "锋电位", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.伤寒慢性带菌者必要时应作(  )。", "options": {"A": "血培养", "B": "骨髓培养", "C": "尿培养", "D": "胆汁培养"}, "answer": "胆汁培养", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医疗机构配制制剂,必须取得何种许可证(  )。", "options": {"A": "药品经营许可证", "B": "医疗机构执业许可证", "C": "医疗机构制剂许可证", "D": "营业许可证"}, "answer": "医疗机构制剂许可证", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "新生儿败血症的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高热", "B": "白细胞总数增加", "C": "有产前或产时感染证据", "D": "缺乏特异症状"}, "answer": "缺乏特异症状", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.男,58岁。急性起病,高热伴呼吸衰竭。胸部X线示双肺弥漫磨玻璃影。其感染的病原体最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎链球菌", "B": "病毒", "C": "肺炎克雷伯杆菌", "D": "肺炎支原体"}, "answer": "病毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.对中止执业活动达到一定年限的医师,应当注销其执业注册,该年限是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2年", "B": "3年", "C": "4年", "D": "5年"}, "answer": "2年", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "脑压过高,为预防脑疝最好选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿米洛利", "B": "呋塞米", "C": "螺内酯", "D": "甘露醇"}, "answer": "甘露醇", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪一种情况不是狭窄性腱鞘炎的体征?(  )", "options": {"A": "弹响指", "B": "扳机指", "C": "鼓槌指", "D": "握拳尺偏试验阳性"}, "answer": "鼓槌指", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,52岁。2年来每于剧烈运动时发作剑突下疼痛,向咽部放射,持续数分钟可自行缓解。2周来发作频繁且有夜间睡眠中发作。2小时前出现剑突下剧烈疼痛,向胸部放射,伴憋闷、大汗,症状持续不缓解,急诊入院。既往有高血压病史10年,糖尿病病史5年,有吸烟史。查体:T 36.2℃,BP 160/80mmHg,急性病容,口唇无紫绀,双肺呼吸音清,心率103次/分,律不齐,早搏15次/分,A2>P2,腹软,无压痛。3.接诊该患者需首先完善的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急诊胃镜", "B": "心电图", "C": "血气分析", "D": "血和尿淀粉酶测定"}, "answer": "心电图", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.Pauwels角大于50°(  )。", "options": {"A": "股骨颈内收骨折", "B": "股骨颈外展骨折", "C": "股骨颈完全移位的完全骨折", "D": "股骨颈基底部骨折"}, "answer": "股骨颈内收骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.只与酮体生成有关的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙酰CoA羧化酶", "B": "HMGCoA裂解酶", "C": "HMGCoA合酶", "D": "柠檬酸裂解酶"}, "answer": "HMGCoA裂解酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于慢性硬膜下血肿,下述哪一种叙述是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "可有肢体偏瘫", "B": "可有精神症状", "C": "一定有外伤史", "D": "可有颅内压增高症状"}, "answer": "一定有外伤史", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "除哪项外,均为高渗性脱水的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "高热、出汗多而饮水不足", "B": "细胞内、外液均减少", "C": "无明显口渴", "D": "可出现脑出血或脑血栓形成"}, "answer": "无明显口渴", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "可判断有机磷杀虫药中毒的严重程度并指导治疗最有意义的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血胆碱酯酶活力", "B": "心率", "C": "瞳孔大小", "D": "肺部湿啰音"}, "answer": "血胆碱酯酶活力", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "硫脲类抗甲状腺药奏效慢的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝内代谢转化快", "B": "肾脏排泄速度快", "C": "待已合成的甲状腺素耗竭后才能生效", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "待已合成的甲状腺素耗竭后才能生效", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某患者血沉增快,若将该患者的红细胞置于正常人血浆中,则其血沉速度将产生下列何种变化?(  )", "options": {"A": "正常", "B": "无变化", "C": "增快", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "正常", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有一名蛛网膜下腔出血病人,哪一项检查对其无帮助?(  )", "options": {"A": "MRI", "B": "ECT", "C": "核磁血管成像", "D": "全脑血管造影"}, "answer": "ECT", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.高血压病(  )。", "options": {"A": "夹层动脉瘤", "B": "多发性微小动脉瘤", "C": "假性动脉瘤", "D": "梭形动脉瘤"}, "answer": "多发性微小动脉瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "维持躯体姿势的最基本的反射是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌紧张", "B": "腱反射", "C": "屈肌反射", "D": "姿势反射"}, "answer": "肌紧张", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医学道德修养的方法要注意四点,除哪一项外?(  )", "options": {"A": "必须结合医疗实践", "B": "必须持之以恒,贵在坚持", "C": "必须坚持高标准,提倡“慎独”", "D": "必须经常反躬内省"}, "answer": "必须经常反躬内省", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "单个细菌在固体培养基上的生长现象是形成(  )。", "options": {"A": "菌团", "B": "菌苔", "C": "菌落", "D": "菌膜"}, "answer": "菌落", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.震颤麻痹将出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "跨阈步态", "B": "醉汉步态", "C": "慌张步态", "D": "剪刀样步态"}, "answer": "慌张步态", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "锥体系统病损最确切的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "显著的肌萎缩", "B": "肌张力增高", "C": "肌张力减低", "D": "Babinski征(+)"}, "answer": "Babinski征(+)", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是新斯的明的药理作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "激动M受体", "B": "激活胆碱酯酶", "C": "抑制胆碱酯酶", "D": "阻断M受体"}, "answer": "抑制胆碱酯酶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "伤寒杆菌的下述特点中哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "在水中存活2~3周,在粪便中存活l个月", "B": "沙门菌病D族,G-带鞭毛杆菌", "C": "煮沸立即被杀死", "D": "有菌体和鞭毛两种抗原,且均产生相应的抗体"}, "answer": "有菌体和鞭毛两种抗原,且均产生相应的抗体", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "脑挫裂伤的临床表现中,下列哪项不相符合?(  )", "options": {"A": "伤后立即昏迷绝大多数超过半小时", "B": "伤后立即出现局灶症状及体征", "C": "有迟发性瞳孔散大而无脑疝表现", "D": "腰穿脑脊液有红细胞"}, "answer": "有迟发性瞳孔散大而无脑疝表现", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,9个月,8kg,发热、呕吐、腹泻3天,大便蛋花汤样,无腥臭味,尿量明显少。精神委靡,皮肤弹性差,眼凹陷,唇樱红,四肢凉。诊断为婴儿腹泻,血钠132mmol/L。3.第一天补液总量和张力应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "720ml,1/2张", "B": "1040ml,1/2张", "C": "1200ml,1/2张", "D": "1400ml,2/3张"}, "answer": "1200ml,1/2张", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项引起右室压力负荷过重?(  )", "options": {"A": "三尖瓣关闭不全", "B": "肺动脉瓣关闭不全", "C": "肺动脉高压", "D": "静脉回流量增高"}, "answer": "肺动脉高压", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.甲型肺炎病毒属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "副粘病毒科", "B": "小RNA病毒科", "C": "呼肠病毒科", "D": "冠状病毒科"}, "answer": "小RNA病毒科", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗全面强直—阵挛发作,如突然停药可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "失眠", "B": "失神发作", "C": "抗癫痫用药量增加", "D": "癫痫持续状态"}, "answer": "癫痫持续状态", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "治疗需要获得病人的知情同意,其实质体现了(  )。", "options": {"A": "尊重病人的自主性", "B": "不伤害病人的基本原则", "C": "有利于病人的基本原则", "D": "维护良好的医患关系"}, "answer": "尊重病人的自主性", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "钩端螺旋体可由储存宿主的(  )。", "options": {"A": "飞沫排出", "B": "呕吐物中排出", "C": "尿液排出", "D": "鼻咽部分泌物排出."}, "answer": "尿液排出", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于上消化道出血的定义,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "贲门以上部位出血", "B": "空肠以上部位出血", "C": "Treitz韧带以上部位出血", "D": "回肠以上部位出血"}, "answer": "Treitz韧带以上部位出血", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "新生儿及幼婴浓缩功能差的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小管数量少", "B": "尿素形成量少", "C": "血醛固酮浓度高", "D": "血抗利尿激素浓度高"}, "answer": "尿素形成量少", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.脓液穿破组织形成排脓的盲端管道(  )。", "options": {"A": "糜烂", "B": "瘘管", "C": "窦道", "D": "表面化脓"}, "answer": "窦道", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于重症肌无力的诊断中,哪项是不正确的(  )。", "options": {"A": "病变主要累及骨骼肌,症状具有波动性", "B": "抗胆碱酯酶药物治疗有效", "C": "疲劳试验阳性", "D": "乙酰胆碱受体抗体滴度降低"}, "answer": "乙酰胆碱受体抗体滴度降低", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,2岁半,心前区听到Ⅱ~Ⅲ级收缩期杂音,胸部X线片显示两肺野肺纹理减少。下列哪种先天性心脏病的可能性最大?(  )", "options": {"A": "室间隔缺损", "B": "房间隔缺损", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "肺动脉狭窄"}, "answer": "法洛四联症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.分离培养真菌选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "血平板", "B": "沙保培养基", "C": "巧克力色培养基", "D": "罗氏培养基"}, "answer": "沙保培养基", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性粒细胞白血病患者,白细胞65×109/L,巨脾,出现左上腹剧痛,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺梗死", "B": "急性胰腺炎", "C": "脾梗死脾周炎", "D": "肾结石"}, "answer": "脾梗死脾周炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对确诊SLE和判断其活动性参考价值最大的抗体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗核抗体", "B": "抗dsDNA抗体", "C": "抗Sm抗体", "D": "抗RNP抗体"}, "answer": "抗dsDNA抗体", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男孩9个月,混合喂养,未添加辅食,1个月来皮肤粘膜逐渐苍白,不爱活动,肝在肋下3cm,脾肋下1cm,血红蛋白81g/L,红细胞3.4×1012/L,血小板150×109/L。1.为明确贫血性质,最简便的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血涂片检查红细胞形态", "B": "血清铁测定", "C": "骨髓涂片检查可染铁", "D": "网织红细胞计数"}, "answer": "血涂片检查红细胞形态", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,30岁,头部受伤后昏迷半小时,清醒后左侧肢体力弱,腰穿见血性脑脊液,以后逐渐好转,最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性硬膜外血肿", "B": "脑挫伤", "C": "脑震荡", "D": "急性硬膜下血肿"}, "answer": "脑挫伤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肾小球基底膜“双轨征”改变见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "微小病变", "B": "系膜毛细血管性肾小球肾炎", "C": "膜性肾病", "D": "局灶性节段性肾小球硬化"}, "answer": "系膜毛细血管性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "接近震颤麻痹病因治疗的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "地西泮", "B": "苯海索", "C": "左旋多巴", "D": "利血平"}, "answer": "左旋多巴", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.属于Ⅰb类的抗心律失常药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "美西律", "B": "维拉帕米", "C": "利多卡因", "D": "卡托普利"}, "answer": "美西律", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "检测人类B细胞功能的实验是(  )。", "options": {"A": "E花环试验", "B": "溶血空斑试验", "C": "肥达反应", "D": "结合菌素试验"}, "answer": "溶血空斑试验", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "休克在微循环衰竭期最突出的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血管内高凝状态", "B": "后括约肌收缩状态", "C": "代谢性碱中毒", "D": "毛细血管内“可进可出”"}, "answer": "血管内高凝状态", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "伤寒小结的主要组成细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "类上皮细胞", "B": "巨噬细胞", "C": "多核巨细胞", "D": "浆细胞"}, "answer": "巨噬细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "骨关节炎最常累及的关节是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膝关节,肩关节,近端指间关节", "B": "腕关节,肘关节,近端指间关节", "C": "膝关节,髋关节,远端指间关节", "D": "掌指关节,远端指间关节,近端指间关节"}, "answer": "膝关节,髋关节,远端指间关节", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,44岁。感冒后进行性四肢无力伴麻木,对称性痛、温、振动觉消失,无汗,伴尿潴留。考虑患者为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性硬脊膜外脓肿", "B": "脊柱结核", "C": "急性脊髓炎", "D": "脊髓出血"}, "answer": "急性脊髓炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "复发性外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病(RVVC)的维持治疗应持续(  )。", "options": {"A": "3天", "B": "3个月", "C": "6个月", "D": "7~14天"}, "answer": "6个月", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一病人在硬膜外麻醉下行胆囊切除术,胸7~8穿刺,首次给1.33%利多卡因30ml,给药后20分钟医生划刀时发现血色发紫,刀口不渗血,诊断为心跳停止,应进行哪一种抢救措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "脱水治疗", "B": "胸内心脏挤压", "C": "气管插管及胸外心脏挤压", "D": "口对口人工呼吸"}, "answer": "气管插管及胸外心脏挤压", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于维生素D缺乏性佝偻病的预防措施,以下错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "充足的日光照射", "B": "每日补充生理剂量的维生素D", "C": "婴儿应及时添加辅食", "D": "婴儿2个月起补充维生素D,每日800U"}, "answer": "婴儿2个月起补充维生素D,每日800U", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有关独特型和独特型网络的描述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗抗体所针对的抗原表位只能是抗体分子上的独特型", "B": "独特型决定簇只分布在Ig的CDR", "C": "独特型网络的调节发生在带有相应BCR/TcR特定结构的淋巴细胞克隆水平", "D": "独特型网络为免疫干预提供手段"}, "answer": "独特型决定簇只分布在Ig的CDR", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,65岁。诊断2型糖尿病1年,饮食运动控制,检测空腹血糖7.5mmoI/L,餐后2h血糖11.4mmoI/L。既往体健。查体身高160cm,体重70kg,心肺查体未见异常。2.患者服药后2个月复诊,糖化血红蛋白6.3%。患者目前降糖治疗方案首选是(  )。", "options": {"A": "加用瑞格列奈", "B": "维持二甲双胍", "C": "换用格列喹酮", "D": "换用胰岛素"}, "answer": "维持二甲双胍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男婴,8个月,自幼人工喂养,未补充维生素D制剂,近来出现多汗、烦躁、夜惊。查体:方颅,出牙延迟,串珠。诊断为佝偻病活动期。该病的发病机制下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "尿磷排出增加", "B": "维生素D缺乏", "C": "钙、磷在肠道吸收减少", "D": "甲状腺代偿功能不足"}, "answer": "甲状腺代偿功能不足", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.在安全环境下,患者感到一种突如其来的惊恐体验,有濒死感,可伴有呼吸困难,四肢麻木,全身无力。此病情属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "强迫观念", "B": "强迫行为", "C": "惊恐障碍", "D": "强制性思维"}, "answer": "惊恐障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于特发性面神经麻痹症状、体征的表述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多为单侧病变", "B": "可伴耳后疼痛", "C": "可伴患侧咀嚼肌无力", "D": "可伴患侧舌前2/3味觉障碍"}, "answer": "可伴患侧咀嚼肌无力", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.易复性疝(  )。", "options": {"A": "疝内容物易回纳入腹腔", "B": "疝内容物不能完全回纳入腹腔", "C": "疝内容物有动脉性血循环障碍", "D": "疝内容物被疝环卡住不能还纳,但无动脉性循环障碍"}, "answer": "疝内容物易回纳入腹腔", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对感染性腹泻进行监测应选择的疾病频率测量指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "期间患病率", "B": "罹患率", "C": "发病率", "D": "病死率"}, "answer": "发病率", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA),出现相应的症状及体征,完全恢复最长在(  )。", "options": {"A": "6h内", "B": "24h内", "C": "48h内", "D": "72h内"}, "answer": "24h内", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不符合急性心包炎的心电图变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "T波平坦或倒置", "B": "QRS波呈低电压", "C": "电交替", "D": "弓背向上的ST段抬高"}, "answer": "弓背向上的ST段抬高", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.能体现人体实验科学原则的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "以健康人或病人作为人体实验的受试对象", "B": "人体实验时使用对照和双盲法", "C": "人体实验都需要伦理委员会审查", "D": "脆弱人群若参加人体实验,需要监护人的签字同意"}, "answer": "人体实验时使用对照和双盲法", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "要了解肾结核患者分侧肾功能、病变程度与范围。首选的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CT平扫", "B": "静脉尿路造影", "C": "MRI", "D": "B超"}, "answer": "静脉尿路造影", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.病人的权利(  )。", "options": {"A": "享有知情同意权", "B": "解释、说明的义务", "C": "真实提供病情,并积极配合治疗的义务", "D": "恪守职业道德,对患者一视同仁"}, "answer": "享有知情同意权", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.了解溃疡病患者胃酸分泌情况应选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃镜检查", "B": "钡餐造影", "C": "腹部B超", "D": "胃液分析"}, "answer": "胃液分析", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.电弧伤时可发生(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤损害", "B": "肝肾损害", "C": "肺部损害", "D": "心脏损害"}, "answer": "皮肤损害", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "坐高是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "从头顶到坐骨结节的高度", "B": "从头顶到耻骨联合上缘的高度", "C": "从头项到耻骨联合下缘的高度", "D": "从耻骨联合下缘到足底的高度"}, "answer": "从头顶到坐骨结节的高度", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.格林—巴利综合征属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "周围神经系统脱髓鞘疾病", "B": "神经-肌肉传递障碍性疾病", "C": "血清钾低", "D": "黑质致密区含黑色素的神经元缺失"}, "answer": "周围神经系统脱髓鞘疾病", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者查阅医疗记录和复印部分病历的权利属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "特殊干涉权", "B": "隐私保护权", "C": "损害赔偿权", "D": "知情同意权"}, "answer": "知情同意权", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,24岁,清晨有手指和掌指关节强直,给予阿司匹林及其他的非类固醇抗炎药治疗,均未见效,且病情恶化,初步诊断为类风湿性关节炎,该病有价值的血清学检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "RF因子水平升高", "B": "抗平滑肌抗体", "C": "抗TSH受体的抗体", "D": "抗乙酰胆碱受体的抗体"}, "answer": "RF因子水平升高", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.能治疗癫痫又能治疗心律失常的药物(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯妥英钠", "B": "地西泮", "C": "乙琥胺", "D": "氯丙嗪"}, "answer": "苯妥英钠", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "13岁女孩右下腹包块3个月,肛诊子宫右侧触及12cm×10cm×8cm囊性肿物,光滑,活动佳,腹部平片右下腹有3个大小不等钙化点,其诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "无性细胞瘤", "B": "良性囊性畸胎瘤", "C": "胀大的膀胱", "D": "颗粒细胞瘤"}, "answer": "良性囊性畸胎瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "7岁小儿血红蛋白115g/L可考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "正常儿", "B": "轻度贫血", "C": "中度贫血", "D": "重度贫血"}, "answer": "轻度贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,26岁,人流后5个月,阴道不规则出血120天,伴头晕、乏力3天,近2天出现胸痛、咯血,妇科检查:子宫孕7周大小,质软,有轻度压痛,双侧可触及囊性肿物,直径均为5cm大小,胸部X线片提示双下肺多发圆形结节影。2.确诊后首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫切除术", "B": "化疗", "C": "内分泌治疗", "D": "放疗"}, "answer": "化疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.由果追因的研究属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "队列研究", "B": "筛检", "C": "病例对照研究", "D": "现况研究"}, "answer": "病例对照研究", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "分泌胃酸的细胞为(  )。", "options": {"A": "壁细胞", "B": "主细胞", "C": "颗粒细胞", "D": "Cajal细胞"}, "answer": "壁细胞", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.能透过血-胎屏障的抗体分子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgD", "B": "IgA", "C": "IgG", "D": "IgM"}, "answer": "IgG", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "支气管哮喘病人急性发作时,PaCO2逐渐增高表示(  )。", "options": {"A": "没有临床意义", "B": "病情好转", "C": "病情严重", "D": "有心血管并发症"}, "answer": "病情严重", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪一项可引起心率减慢?(  )", "options": {"A": "迷走活动增强", "B": "交感活动增强", "C": "甲状腺激素", "D": "发热"}, "answer": "迷走活动增强", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "执行职务的医疗保健人员发现以下情况,必须按照国务院卫生行政部门规定的时限向当地卫生防疫机构报告疫情(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲类、乙类和丙类传染病病人", "B": "甲类、乙类和丙类传染病病原携带者", "C": "甲类、乙类和丙类传染病疑似传染病病人", "D": "甲类、乙类和监测区域内的丙类传染病病人,病原携带者,疑似传染病病人"}, "answer": "甲类、乙类和丙类传染病病人", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪一项正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "右三叉神经损害时张口下颌向右偏斜", "B": "右展神经损害右眼球向内活动受限", "C": "右舌下神经损害时舌尖左偏", "D": "右视神经损害时右瞳孔缩小"}, "answer": "右三叉神经损害时张口下颌向右偏斜", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.形成3’,5’-环化鸟苷酸时需要(  )。", "options": {"A": "ATP", "B": "CTP", "C": "GTP", "D": "TFP"}, "answer": "GTP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "酶能加速化学反应速度的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "降低反应物的能量", "B": "提高产物能量", "C": "提高底物的能量", "D": "降低反应活化能"}, "answer": "降低反应活化能", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在安静状态下,下列哪项是人体调节产热活动最重要的体液因素?(  )", "options": {"A": "甲状腺激素", "B": "肾上腺素", "C": "去甲肾上腺素", "D": "乙酰胆碱"}, "answer": "甲状腺激素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "用于确证HIV感染的实验方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ELISA", "B": "Western blot", "C": "免疫荧光法", "D": "放射免疫测定法"}, "answer": "Western blot", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,45岁。被鱼刺扎伤右手食指尖2天,右手食指针刺样痛半天就诊。查体:T 36.8℃,右手食指末节轻度肿胀、压痛,但张力不高,皮肤不红。2.下列处理错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗生素控制感染", "B": "保持右手下垂,以利于血液循环", "C": "鱼石脂软膏外敷右手食指", "D": "金黄散糊剂敷贴右手食指"}, "answer": "保持右手下垂,以利于血液循环", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "细菌性痢疾的病变主要位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙状结肠、直肠", "B": "十二指肠", "C": "空肠", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "乙状结肠、直肠", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "晚期日本血吸虫病的临床分型不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "结肠肉芽肿型", "B": "侏儒型", "C": "巨脾型", "D": "脑病型"}, "answer": "脑病型", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "因支气管静脉曲张破裂所致咯血最常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺结核", "B": "肺脓肿", "C": "二尖瓣狭窄", "D": "肺肉质变"}, "answer": "二尖瓣狭窄", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,4岁,自1岁出现口唇青紫,活动后加剧,喜坐少动,胸骨左缘第2、3肋间可闻及收缩期杂音,有震颤,动脉血氧饱和度75%。2.该患儿X线检查可见心脏呈(  )。", "options": {"A": "“靴状”心影", "B": "右心室,左心房增大", "C": "左心房,左心室增大", "D": "右心房,右心室增大"}, "answer": "“靴状”心影", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,47岁,患有Graves病行放射治疗半年,出现乏力、怕冷、记忆力减退;呈特殊面容,眼睑浮肿,毛发稀疏而干脆,声音嘶哑,食欲不振,T3水平明显下降。应选用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡比马唑", "B": "胰岛素", "C": "甲状腺素", "D": "地塞米松"}, "answer": "甲状腺素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于DNA变性概念的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "变性后260nm波长吸收不改变", "B": "变性时二级结构被破坏", "C": "变性不伴有共价键断裂", "D": "加热可导致变性"}, "answer": "变性后260nm波长吸收不改变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿化脓性脑膜炎选择抗生素治疗时很重要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "副作用要小", "B": "能透过脑脊液", "C": "能抑制脑脊液内的致病菌", "D": "疗程应该在5~7天"}, "answer": "能透过脑脊液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.脑震荡是(  )。", "options": {"A": "开放性骨折", "B": "闭合性脑损伤", "C": "开放性脑损伤", "D": "火器伤"}, "answer": "闭合性脑损伤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男孩,10岁。眼睑水肿伴少尿、血尿3天,3周前曾患皮肤脓包。最主要的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "限盐、利尿", "B": "糖皮质激素", "C": "环磷酰胺", "D": "硝苯地平"}, "answer": "限盐、利尿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,56岁。左乳腺癌术后14天,卧床休息为主,解大便时突然大叫,意识丧失。初步诊断为肺动脉栓塞,栓子最可能来源于(  )。", "options": {"A": "下肢深静脉", "B": "冠状动脉", "C": "肱动脉", "D": "下肢动脉"}, "answer": "下肢深静脉", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,2岁,低热、盗汗、乏力半个月余,头痛,间断抽搐5天。查体:精神委靡,颈强,克氏征阳性。胸片正常,OT试验(+++)。脑脊液:白细胞320×106/L,中性粒细胞占0.4,淋巴细胞占0.6,蛋白质(+)。诊断为结核性脑膜炎。2.该患儿应用泼尼松的总疗程是(  )。", "options": {"A": "4~8周", "B": "4~6周", "C": "6~8周", "D": "8~12周"}, "answer": "8~12周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "结核性腹膜炎不可能出现的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部压痛", "B": "移动性浊音阴性", "C": "振水音", "D": "腹部包块"}, "answer": "振水音", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一位心理学专家为了对一3岁幼儿做心理评估,去孩子所在的幼儿园观看该幼儿在游戏中的表现,这种心理评估的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "现状调查法", "B": "自由式会谈法", "C": "控制观察法", "D": "自然观察法"}, "answer": "自然观察法", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "中枢神经系统白血病不可能出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "成人急淋", "B": "视力模糊", "C": "脑脊液压力高", "D": "脑脊液蛋白减少"}, "answer": "脑脊液蛋白减少", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "初产妇,27岁。妊娠32周,阴道少量流血及规律腹痛2小时。肛门检查:宫颈管消失,宫口开大1.5cm。2.该患者不恰当的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉滴注硫酸镁", "B": "使用缩宫素引产", "C": "口服沙丁胺醇", "D": "左侧卧位"}, "answer": "使用缩宫素引产", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于脊柱结核,下列选项不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "绝大多数的椎体病灶只有一处,少数可呈跳跃性", "B": "小儿椎体结核多从椎体边缘开始", "C": "颈、胸椎椎体结核可合并截瘫", "D": "造成截瘫的原因,在病变活动期,多由于结核坏死物质压迫脊髓所致"}, "answer": "小儿椎体结核多从椎体边缘开始", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.Mallory小体(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小管上皮吞饮吸收大量血浆蛋白", "B": "血浆蛋白渗入血管壁内", "C": "胶原纤维互相融合", "D": "前角蛋白成分在肝细胞内聚集"}, "answer": "前角蛋白成分在肝细胞内聚集", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,50岁,右髋部疼痛3年,加重2个月,伴跛行,酗酒史10年。查体:直腿抬高试验阳性,有“4”字征阳性。3.为进一步明确诊断最有价值的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "髋关节B超", "B": "查空腹血糖", "C": "髋关节MRI检查", "D": "肌电图检查"}, "answer": "髋关节MRI检查", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄叙述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "症状出现在生后2~4周,极少发生于出生4个月之后", "B": "在喂奶后可见到膨胀胃的蠕动波,波形出现于右肋下缘到脐的左上方消失", "C": "80%以上可以摸到幽门肿块", "D": "体重起初不增,继而迅速下降,日渐消瘦,出现营养不良和失水"}, "answer": "在喂奶后可见到膨胀胃的蠕动波,波形出现于右肋下缘到脐的左上方消失", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "诊断原发性甲减最敏感的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清TSH", "B": "血清T3", "C": "血清T4", "D": "甲状腺摄131I率"}, "answer": "血清TSH", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.测量采用得到公认有效的工具,施测要严格根据指导手册的规定进行称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "信度", "B": "效度", "C": "标准化原则", "D": "客观性原则"}, "answer": "标准化原则", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,14岁,因近五六年身材过长,近2年头痛、视力下降,伴多饮、乏力就诊。查体:身高194cm,血糖(FBG)10.1mmol/L。蝶鞍矢状位CT示垂体增大向鞍上发展。临床诊断为巨人症,垂体生长激素瘤。2.对该患者最适宜(  )。", "options": {"A": "放疗", "B": "溴隐亭", "C": "经额垂体瘤手术", "D": "经额手术及术后放疗"}, "answer": "经额手术及术后放疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "右大腿被撞伤,下1/3向后成角,局部明显肿胀,不能扪及足背动脉搏动,足趾发凉,最大的可能是 (  )。", "options": {"A": "血肿", "B": "软组织挫伤", "C": "股骨下1/3骨折伴股动脉损伤", "D": "股动脉损伤"}, "answer": "股骨下1/3骨折伴股动脉损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "足月新生儿睡眠时平均心率为(  )。", "options": {"A": "110次/分", "B": "100次/分", "C": "120次/分", "D": "130次/分"}, "answer": "120次/分", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性30岁,既往健康,晨起发病,四肢无力,进行性加重,2天后来诊。查体:脑神经正常,四肢肌力0级,腱反射弱,病理反射阴性,无感觉障碍。7.治疗时应先用(  )。", "options": {"A": "针灸", "B": "激素", "C": "大量抗生素", "D": "卡马西平"}, "answer": "激素", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.痛风(  )。", "options": {"A": "颊部蝶形皮疹及蛋白尿", "B": "膝关节受累", "C": "第一趾剧烈疼痛", "D": "大量龋齿提示"}, "answer": "第一趾剧烈疼痛", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "氯沙坦的抗高血压机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制肾素活性", "B": "抑制血管紧张素转换酶活性", "C": "抑制醛固酮的活性", "D": "阻断血管紧张素受体"}, "answer": "阻断血管紧张素受体", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "发生肺血栓栓塞时,应首先考虑诊断为溶栓的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "严重低氧血症", "B": "持续低血压", "C": "合并深静脉血栓形成", "D": "明显咯血"}, "answer": "持续低血压", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,20天,过期产儿。出生体重4.2kg,哭声低哑,反应迟钝,食量少,黄疸未退,便秘,体重低,腹胀,该患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺功能减低症", "B": "苯丙酮尿症", "C": "先天愚型", "D": "黏多糖病"}, "answer": "甲状腺功能减低症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是常用于检查血液和组织中的梅毒螺旋体的染色方法?(  )", "options": {"A": "抗酸染色法", "B": "墨汁染色法", "C": "镀银染色法", "D": "鞭毛染色法"}, "answer": "镀银染色法", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "卵圆孔解剖上关闭的时间为(  )。", "options": {"A": "生后3周内", "B": "生后8~10周", "C": "生后3~4个月", "D": "生后5~7个月"}, "answer": "生后5~7个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项检查方法对评价抗心律失常药物的疗效较确切?(  )", "options": {"A": "心电图", "B": "心音听诊", "C": "动态心电图", "D": "心电图运动试验"}, "answer": "动态心电图", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于气体在肺部交换的叙述,下列哪一项是错误的(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺泡气中O2向血液中扩散", "B": "呼吸膜厚度与气体扩散速度成反比", "C": "运动可加速肺部气体的交换", "D": "通气/血流比值增加有利于气体交换"}, "answer": "通气/血流比值增加有利于气体交换", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "健康是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "身体处于良好状态", "B": "身体和道德品质处于良好状态", "C": "身体和心理处于良好状态", "D": "身体、心理、社会适应和道德品质处于良好状态"}, "answer": "身体、心理、社会适应和道德品质处于良好状态", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于流产的概念和病因,以下哪项正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "停经12周之内妊娠终止者", "B": "早期自然流产时,80%以上为染色体异常", "C": "早期妊娠的维持与孕激素无关", "D": "某些化学性或放射性物质可导致流产"}, "answer": "某些化学性或放射性物质可导致流产", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "业务员纪某因身体不适去医院就诊,被初步诊断为疑似传染性非典型肺炎,并被实施单独隔离治疗。2天后,纪某厌倦了被隔离治疗的状态,要求出院;医院反复劝说,不予批准。纪某于当晚溜出医院并回家;医院发现纪某失踪后立即向有关部门报告。家人得知纪某情况后动员其尽快返回医院接受隔离治疗,被纪某拒绝。1.根据《传染病防治法》,有权协助医疗机构对纪某采取强制隔离治疗措施的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卫生行政部门", "B": "街道办事处", "C": "疾病预防控制机构", "D": "公安机关"}, "answer": "公安机关", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪种脉搏提示主动脉瓣关闭不全?(  )", "options": {"A": "交替脉", "B": "奇脉", "C": "水冲脉", "D": "短绌脉"}, "answer": "水冲脉", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肾病综合征的特征中最主要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量蛋白尿", "B": "低蛋白血症", "C": "高胆固醇血症", "D": "不同程度水肿"}, "answer": "大量蛋白尿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,44岁。4周来反复胸痛,发作与劳累及情绪有关,休息可以缓解。4小时前出现持续性疼痛,进行性加剧,并气促,不能平卧,血压110/70mmHg,心率130次/分,律齐,心尖部可闻及3/6级收缩期杂音,双肺散在哮鸣音及湿性啰音。1.根据上述临床表现,该患者的诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "风湿性心脏病二尖瓣关闭不全", "B": "扩张型心肌病", "C": "肺部感染", "D": "急性心肌梗死并发左心衰竭"}, "answer": "急性心肌梗死并发左心衰竭", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "青年农民,9月1日入院,4天来发热、头痛、全身酸痛、乏力,今起心慌、气短、咳嗽,痰带血。查体:体温40%,面色苍白,心率124次/分,呼吸36次/分,肺部散在湿性啰音。血象:WBC 9.6×109/L,N 0.8,L 0.2。X线胸片示肺纹理增多,有散在点片状阴影。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管肺炎", "B": "粟粒型肺结核", "C": "支气管扩张并感染", "D": "钩端螺旋体病"}, "answer": "钩端螺旋体病", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "新生儿生后2~3天出现黄疸,4~5天达高峰,血清胆红素<12mg/dl,诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "母乳性黄疸", "B": "新生儿肺炎", "C": "生理性黄疸", "D": "胆道闭锁"}, "answer": "生理性黄疸", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,突发寒战、高热,伴腹痛、腹泻,腹泻十余次,粪便质少,为黏液脓血便,便细菌培养痢疾杆菌阳性。便常规:脓液(++),红细胞6个/HP,白细胞满视野。该病人治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "先锋霉素", "B": "氟哌酸", "C": "氯霉素", "D": "病毒唑(利巴韦林)"}, "answer": "氟哌酸", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,28岁,下水道工人,发热3天,伴头痛、乏力、全身肌肉酸痛、轻咳就诊。查体:体温40℃,脉搏120次/分,呼吸40次/分,血压100/70mmHg,急性病容,结膜充血,咽充血,皮肤少量出血点,肺部啰音少许,肝肋下1.5cm,肾区叩击痛(+),腹股沟淋巴结蚕豆大数个,有压痛。血象:WBC14×109/L,RBC4.3×1012/L,N0.6。尿蛋白(+),每个高倍镜视野下RBC2~5个、WBC1或2个。应考虑诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "无黄疸型肝炎", "B": "流行性出血热", "C": "伤寒", "D": "钩端螺旋体病"}, "answer": "钩端螺旋体病", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "短时记忆的记忆量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "4±2个组块", "B": "6±2个组块", "C": "7±2个组块", "D": "8±2个组块"}, "answer": "7±2个组块", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列各项描述中,哪一项不符合肝硬变时假小叶的病变特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "肝小叶内肝细胞变性坏死,肝细胞索松解", "B": "肝细胞团内中央静脉偏位或多个", "C": "肝细胞团被增生的纤维组织分隔包绕", "D": "肝细胞团之间的间隔中可见新生的小胆管"}, "answer": "肝小叶内肝细胞变性坏死,肝细胞索松解", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "新生儿败血症时最有诊断意义的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高热", "B": "白细胞和中性粒细胞升高", "C": "皮肤感染灶", "D": "病原菌或病原菌抗原的检出"}, "answer": "病原菌或病原菌抗原的检出", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肝硬化出血的原因不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝合成凝血物质功能下降", "B": "骨髓造血小板功能下降", "C": "脾肿大,功能亢进", "D": "胃肠淤血,对维生素K的吸收功能减弱"}, "answer": "骨髓造血小板功能下降", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.婴幼儿保健重点(  )。", "options": {"A": "孕母保健", "B": "加强品德教育", "C": "完成基础计划免疫", "D": "预防意外"}, "answer": "完成基础计划免疫", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "支气管肺炎与支气管是的主要区别点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热、频咳", "B": "呼吸音减弱", "C": "肺部可闻及固定湿啰音", "D": "白细胞增高"}, "answer": "肺部可闻及固定湿啰音", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "真核细胞DNA前导链合成的主要复制酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "DNA聚合酶δ", "B": "DNA聚合酶α", "C": "DNA聚合酶β", "D": "DNA聚合酶ε"}, "answer": "DNA聚合酶δ", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于结核菌素试验,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞免疫功能低下的结核患者可表现为阴性结果", "B": "阳性结果表示有活动性结核", "C": "用于判断卡介苗接种后的免疫效果", "D": "可用于测定肿瘤患者的细胞免疫功能"}, "answer": "阳性结果表示有活动性结核", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女。心脏联合瓣膜病10年。发热1个月,体温37.2~37.6℃,厌食,消瘦,贫血貌。确诊手段首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部X线", "B": "血培养", "C": "测定血红蛋白", "D": "测定血沉"}, "answer": "血培养", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "每侧乳腺具有多少个腺叶?(  )", "options": {"A": "10~15个", "B": "15~20个", "C": "20~25个", "D": "25~30个"}, "answer": "15~20个", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "炎热环境中(30℃以上),机体维持热平衡是通过(  )。", "options": {"A": "增加有效辐射面积", "B": "增加皮肤与环境之间的温度差", "C": "交感神经紧张性增加", "D": "发汗及增加皮肤血流量"}, "answer": "发汗及增加皮肤血流量", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "晨僵在下列哪类关节炎中表现最为突出?(  )", "options": {"A": "强直性脊柱炎(AS)", "B": "类风湿性关节炎(RA)", "C": "骨性关节炎(OA)", "D": "风湿性关节炎"}, "answer": "类风湿性关节炎(RA)", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,49岁,畏寒发热13天,查:体温39.5℃,血压10.6/6.7kPa(80/50mmHg),右上肢可见瘀斑,双肺呼吸音粗,呼吸30次/分,肝肋下未扪及,脾左肋下恰扪及;Hb112g/L,WBC 18×109/L,血小板56×109/L,PT17秒(对照12秒),纤维蛋白原定量1390mg/L。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性白血病", "B": "肺炎", "C": "弥散性血管内凝血", "D": "感染合并弥散性血管内凝血"}, "answer": "感染合并弥散性血管内凝血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "溃疡性结肠炎病变多发生在(  )。", "options": {"A": "末端回肠", "B": "升结肠", "C": "全结肠", "D": "直肠及乙状结肠"}, "answer": "直肠及乙状结肠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿生理性贫血发生的时期是在出生后(  )。", "options": {"A": "4~5个月", "B": "1个月内", "C": "6~7个月", "D": "2~3个月"}, "answer": "2~3个月", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,40岁。右大腿挤压伤后发生化脓性感染10天。观察中血压下降至80/60mmHg,脉细速,其扩容治疗应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄糖溶液", "B": "平衡盐溶液", "C": "血浆", "D": "碳酸氢钠溶液"}, "answer": "平衡盐溶液", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "普鲁卡因穿透力弱,不宜用于(  )。", "options": {"A": "传导麻醉", "B": "蛛网膜下腔麻醉", "C": "硬膜外麻醉", "D": "表面麻醉"}, "answer": "表面麻醉", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,55岁。腹股沟三角突出半球形包块,易还纳,未进入阴囊,不透光,主要考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "鞘膜积液", "B": "股疝", "C": "斜疝", "D": "直疝"}, "answer": "直疝", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.肱骨外上髁炎主要体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "伸肌腱牵拉试验(Mills征)阳性", "B": "杜加(Dugas)征阳性", "C": "直腿抬高试验(Lasegue)阳性", "D": "压头试验阳性"}, "answer": "伸肌腱牵拉试验(Mills征)阳性", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,40岁,发现血尿、蛋白尿5年,查体:BP 150/90mmHg,24小时尿蛋白定量1.0~1.7g,血肌酐100umol/L。2.理想的血压控制目标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "<160/95mmHg", "B": "<140/90mmHg", "C": "<135/85mmHg", "D": "<125/75mmHg"}, "answer": "<125/75mmHg", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,26岁,右侧腹股沟区发现可复性肿块4年,6h前患者发现肿块突然增大、剧烈疼痛。查体:右侧腹股沟区有6cm×5cm椭圆形肿块,触痛明显,腹部无压痛、反跳痛、腹肌紧张。首选的有效治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "禁食、补液", "B": "手法复位", "C": "应用镇痛或镇静药", "D": "急诊手术"}, "answer": "急诊手术", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "Colles骨折时,下列哪一种情况最少见?(  )", "options": {"A": "合并尺骨茎突骨折", "B": "骨折不愈合", "C": "骨折畸形愈合", "D": "合并下尺桡关节脱位"}, "answer": "骨折不愈合", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "可能发生新生儿ABO溶血病的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "母亲为AB型,婴儿为B型", "B": "母亲为AB型,婴儿为AB型", "C": "母亲为A型,婴儿为O型", "D": "母亲为O型,婴儿为A或B型"}, "answer": "母亲为O型,婴儿为A或B型", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.原发性神经源性纵隔肿瘤多位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "前纵隔", "B": "前上纵隔", "C": "后纵隔", "D": "中纵隔"}, "answer": "后纵隔", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪一种疾病属于出血性炎?(  )", "options": {"A": "流脑", "B": "病毒性肝炎", "C": "流行性出血热", "D": "肠阿米巴病"}, "answer": "流行性出血热", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "描述一组正态分布资料离散程度大小的最佳指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "四分位数间距", "B": "标准差", "C": "离均差平方和", "D": "百分位数"}, "answer": "标准差", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "引起普通感冒最多见的呼吸道病毒是(  )。", "options": {"A": "流感病毒", "B": "副流感病毒", "C": "鼻病毒", "D": "呼吸道合胞病毒"}, "answer": "鼻病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有关维生素K的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "天然维生素K为脂溶性", "B": "对于应用链激酶所致出血有特效", "C": "维生素K1注射过快可出现呼吸困难", "D": "较大剂量维生素K3可出现新生儿溶血"}, "answer": "对于应用链激酶所致出血有特效", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不是由腺垂体合成和分泌的的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生长素", "B": "催乳素", "C": "催产素", "D": "卵泡刺激素"}, "answer": "催产素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不能用于治疗尿毒症性贫血的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "注射红细胞生成素", "B": "注射丙酸睾酮和苯丙酸诺龙", "C": "适当补充铁剂和叶酸", "D": "给予足量的动物蛋白饮食"}, "answer": "给予足量的动物蛋白饮食", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是急性炎症时局部组织肿胀的主要原因?(  )", "options": {"A": "组织细胞变质", "B": "组织细胞增生", "C": "肉芽组织增生", "D": "血管充血及液体渗出"}, "answer": "血管充血及液体渗出", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肝功能不良时,合成受影响较小的蛋白质为(  )。", "options": {"A": "清蛋白", "B": "免疫球蛋白", "C": "纤维蛋白原", "D": "凝血因子V、Ⅶ和Ⅸ"}, "answer": "免疫球蛋白", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,30岁,车祸后从前窗摔出受伤半小时,急救站送医院途中病人昏迷,并发现左瞳孔扩大。来院后发现:深昏迷,头皮多处玻璃划伤,双侧瞳孔散大,对光反射消失。静注甘露醇后,右侧瞳孔很快恢复正常,左侧仍大。放射科回报:CT因故障停机。此时的最佳处理方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即行左顶枕钻孔探查术", "B": "转送外院做CT检查", "C": "立即行左额颞钻孔探查术", "D": "就地行脑血管造影明确病变部位"}, "answer": "立即行左额颞钻孔探查术", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "嘌呤核苷酸的分解代谢终产物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿酸", "B": "酮体", "C": "β-氨基羟丁酸", "D": "尿素"}, "answer": "尿酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "胃大部切除术后数月或数年多发生的并发症为(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹泻", "B": "碱性反流性胃炎", "C": "出血", "D": "穿孔"}, "answer": "碱性反流性胃炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,1岁。面色苍白1个月,易疲乏,时而烦躁,纳差。体检:肝肋下3cm,质中,脾肋下1.5cm。查血常规:Hb 86g/L,RBC 3.45×1012/L,MCV 68fl,MCH 20pg,MCHC 0.26。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "叶酸缺乏性贫血", "B": "再生障碍性贫血", "C": "缺铁性贫血", "D": "生理性贫血"}, "answer": "缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列属于T细胞淋巴瘤的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "边缘区淋巴瘤", "B": "套细胞淋巴瘤", "C": "间变大细胞淋巴瘤", "D": "Burkitt淋巴瘤"}, "answer": "间变大细胞淋巴瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者男性,55岁,双下肢行走不稳1年,双手发笨、不能持筷、排尿费力半年。查体:四肢锥体束征阳性,双侧T4以下针刺觉减退。颈椎平片见颈椎管狭窄,MRI见C4~7脊髓腹背侧受压。2.治疗选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "枕颌带牵引", "B": "理疗", "C": "颈椎后路手术", "D": "颈椎前路手术"}, "answer": "颈椎后路手术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "青年男性,近半年来逐渐出现生活懒散,不愿工作,神情呆滞,有时暗自发笑,有时叹气,说听到鸟叫的声音或火车鸣笛声。2.若病人半年前,有头部撞击史,应最先做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血液生化检查", "B": "超检查", "C": "头颅CT扫描", "D": "脑脊液检查"}, "answer": "头颅CT扫描", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于ABO溶血母婴血型不合,以下哪种情况最多见?(  )", "options": {"A": "AB   A或B", "B": "A或B  O", "C": "O    AB", "D": "O    A或B"}, "answer": "O    A或B", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.属于细菌感染的出疹性疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹", "B": "药物疹", "C": "猩红热", "D": "丘疹样荨麻疹"}, "answer": "猩红热", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,21岁,骑自行车摔在右腰部,伤后腰部痛,无肉眼血尿。查尿常规:红细胞充满/HP,血压、脉搏正常,右腰部包块,伴叩击痛,诊断哪种损伤确切?(  )", "options": {"A": "重度肾损伤", "B": "肾挫伤", "C": "肾血管损伤", "D": "输尿管损伤"}, "answer": "肾挫伤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,53岁。寒战、高热1周,少量脓血痰。查体:T 39.4℃,右下肺散在湿啰音,胸部X线片示右下肺叶实变阴影伴小空洞形成,血清WBC 15.3×109/L,N 0.96。该患者感染的病原菌最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎链球菌", "B": "铜绿假单胞菌", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "D": "流感嗜血杆菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,55岁。皮肤黄染进行性加重1个月,10天前发现小便呈浓茶样,近几天大便呈灰白色。查体:T 36.8℃,皮肤、巩膜黄染,腹软,右上腹可触及肿大的胆囊,无压痛,无反跳痛。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆总管结石", "B": "肝细胞性肝癌", "C": "胆囊结石", "D": "胰头癌"}, "answer": "胰头癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "亚急性细菌性心内膜炎的赘生物中,下述哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "大量淋巴细胞和浆细胞", "B": "纤维蛋白", "C": "细菌菌落", "D": "肉芽组织"}, "answer": "大量淋巴细胞和浆细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "65岁以上老人进行膳食咨询,不适宜的建议是(  )。", "options": {"A": "少盐多糖", "B": "每天饮用牛奶", "C": "饮食清淡", "D": "适量饮用动物食品"}, "answer": "少盐多糖", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,6岁,突然寒战、高热,1天后全身出现多数紫斑。查体:面色苍白,皮肤发花,多数皮肤瘀斑,血压75/37.5mmHg,脉搏120次/分,颈软,心肺无异常,克氏征(-)。血白细胞28×109/L,中性粒细胞0.9,血小板60×109/L。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "败血症休克", "B": "暴发型流脑", "C": "中毒型菌痢", "D": "休克型肺炎"}, "answer": "暴发型流脑", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "支气管哮喘患者发作时禁用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吗啡", "B": "泼尼松", "C": "肾上腺素", "D": "沙丁胺醇"}, "answer": "吗啡", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "以单纯扩散的方式跨膜转运的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ca2+", "B": "Na+", "C": "O2和C02", "D": "葡萄糖"}, "answer": "O2和C02", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "法洛四联症其青紫的轻重和出现的早晚决定于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺动脉狭窄的程度", "B": "有无右心室明显增大", "C": "室间隔缺损的大小", "D": "以上全是"}, "answer": "肺动脉狭窄的程度", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.血清中半衰期最长(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgG", "B": "IgM", "C": "IgD", "D": "IgE"}, "answer": "IgG", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.甲硫咪唑(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制TH合成", "B": "阻抑T4外周组织中转化为T3", "C": "减少甲状腺血液供应", "D": "破坏甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞"}, "answer": "抑制TH合成", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.烦渴、高热、尿少、尿比重高(  )。", "options": {"A": "高渗性脱水", "B": "等渗性脱水", "C": "低钾血症", "D": "代谢性酸中毒"}, "answer": "高渗性脱水", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者外伤致腓骨小头处骨折,伤后患足不能背伸,其原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "坐骨神经损伤", "B": "胫后肌损伤", "C": "腓总神经损伤", "D": "胫后神经损伤"}, "answer": "腓总神经损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,52岁。反复无痛肉眼血尿1个月。偶伴尿频、尿急。首先应考虑的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膀胱肿瘤", "B": "膀胱炎", "C": "慢性前列腺炎", "D": "前列腺增生"}, "answer": "膀胱肿瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "目前慢性阻塞性肺疾病治疗的最重要药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管舒张剂", "B": "抗氧化剂", "C": "祛痰药", "D": "粘液生成抑制剂"}, "answer": "支气管舒张剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "遗忘综合征的三大特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "近记忆障碍、幻觉、定向障碍", "B": "近记忆障碍、虚构、定向障碍", "C": "幻觉、虚构、定向障碍", "D": "谵妄、虚构、定向障碍"}, "answer": "近记忆障碍、虚构、定向障碍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.符合小叶性肺炎炎症特点的是(  )。,", "options": {"A": "以纤维素渗出为主", "B": "以淋巴细胞渗出为主", "C": "以中性粒细胞渗出为主", "D": "以嗜酸性细胞渗出为主"}, "answer": "以中性粒细胞渗出为主", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,70岁。乏力、腰痛半个月。既往体健。查体:轻度贫血,腹部压痛,实验室检查:Hb 80g/L,WBC 5.6×109/L,PLT 156×109/L,血清总蛋白108g/L,清蛋白30g/L,血肌酐177μmol/L。骨髓细胞学检查示骨髓中异常浆细胞占0.45,腰椎X线片示第2腰椎压缩性骨折。3.该患者疾病最可能的类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "轻链型", "B": "不分泌型", "C": "IgG型", "D": "IgD型"}, "answer": "IgG型", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项不属于Ⅱ型超敏反应引起的自身免疫性疾病(  )。", "options": {"A": "系统性红斑狼疮", "B": "自身免疫性血小板减少性紫癜", "C": "毒性弥漫性甲状腺肿", "D": "重症肌无力"}, "answer": "系统性红斑狼疮", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是弥漫性毛细血管内增生性肾炎的肉眼病变?(  )", "options": {"A": "大红肾", "B": "固缩肾", "C": "多囊肾", "D": "大白肾"}, "answer": "大红肾", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "佝偻病的最主要病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "缺乏维生素D", "B": "甲状旁腺功能不全", "C": "缺钙", "D": "婴儿生长速度快"}, "answer": "缺乏维生素D", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "外科救治感染性休克时不正确的做法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用抗菌药物", "B": "待休克好转后手术处理感染灶", "C": "使用糖皮质激素", "D": "采用血管扩张药物治疗"}, "answer": "采用血管扩张药物治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "引起霍乱流行的最主要途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "经食物传播", "B": "经水传播", "C": "经日常生活接触传播", "D": "经苍蝇传播"}, "answer": "经水传播", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不是颅内压增高的表现有(  )。", "options": {"A": "剧烈头疼", "B": "前囟饱满,张力增高", "C": "头围增大", "D": "两侧瞳孔不等大"}, "answer": "两侧瞳孔不等大", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不是氨基糖苷类抗生素共同特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "由氨基糖分子和非糖部分的苷元结合而成", "B": "对G+菌具有高度抗菌活性", "C": "对G-需氧杆菌具有高度抗菌活性", "D": "与核蛋白体305亚基结合,抑制蛋白质合成的杀菌剂"}, "answer": "对G+菌具有高度抗菌活性", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "脂肪变性时,脂滴位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "线粒体", "B": "溶酶体", "C": "内质网", "D": "胞浆基质"}, "answer": "内质网", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心肌梗死患者心脏破裂最常见部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左房游离壁", "B": "右房游离壁", "C": "左室游离壁", "D": "右室游离壁"}, "answer": "左室游离壁", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "中度脱水的临床表现哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "皮肤弹性差", "B": "失水量为体重的5%~10%", "C": "四肢厥冷", "D": "尿量明显减少"}, "answer": "四肢厥冷", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "围生期(围产期)国内采用的定义是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎龄满27周至出生后7足天", "B": "胎龄满27周至出生后15足天", "C": "胎龄满28周至出生后7足天", "D": "胎龄满29周至出生后15足天"}, "answer": "胎龄满28周至出生后7足天", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "谵妄时最多见的幻觉是(  )。", "options": {"A": "听幻觉", "B": "视幻觉", "C": "味幻觉", "D": "触幻觉"}, "answer": "视幻觉", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有一名30岁男性患者,病程4个月,头痛发作入院。入院前出现左侧肢体无力和呕吐。入院查体:意识清,眼底视乳头水肿,左上下肢肌力Ⅳ级,腱反射活跃,病理征(+)。4.考虑病变部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右顶部", "B": "左额部", "C": "右额部", "D": "左顶部"}, "answer": "左额部", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男孩,2岁,因呕吐频繁、水样便3天伴发热,于10月底入院,12小时无尿,查体:T 38℃,颜面苍白,皮肤弹性极差,眼窝凹陷,心肺听诊无异常,腹稍胀,肝脾无肿大,跟腱反射未引出,四肢末梢微冷,实验室检查:血钠138mmol/L。2.最可能合并的电解质紊乱是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低氯血症", "B": "低钾血症", "C": "低磷血症", "D": "低镁血症"}, "answer": "低钾血症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.支原体(  )。", "options": {"A": "有细胞壁,且含肽聚糖", "B": "无细胞壁,细胞膜内含有胆固醇", "C": "原有细胞壁,现在失去细胞壁", "D": "有细胞壁,不含肽聚糖,但含有糖苷类和几丁质微原纤维"}, "answer": "无细胞壁,细胞膜内含有胆固醇", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "诊断反流性食管炎最准确的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "食管造影", "B": "食管滴酸试验", "C": "24小时食管pH检测", "D": "食管内镜检查"}, "answer": "食管内镜检查", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "幻觉的定义是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一种不正常的感觉", "B": "知觉的综合性障碍", "C": "对客观事物错误的感受", "D": "缺乏相应的客观刺激时的知觉体验"}, "answer": "缺乏相应的客观刺激时的知觉体验", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.人们在长期的共同生活中形成的较稳定的、习以为常的行为倾向、行为规范和社会风俗是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "社会舆论", "B": "传统习俗", "C": "医德评价", "D": "医德修养"}, "answer": "传统习俗", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "房室交界区传导减慢可致(  )。", "options": {"A": "QRS波群增宽", "B": "P波增宽", "C": "P-R间期延长", "D": "ST段延长"}, "answer": "P-R间期延长", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,女,5岁,发作性意识丧失,动作中止,发作中脑电图可见3Hz棘-慢波。智力基本正常。1.该患儿属于哪种发作?(  )", "options": {"A": "肌阵挛发作", "B": "典型失神发作", "C": "非典型失神发作", "D": "部分性发作"}, "answer": "典型失神发作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对抑癌基因的叙述,下述哪一项是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "发出抗细胞增殖信号", "B": "不存在于人类正常细胞", "C": "与癌基因表达无关", "D": "肿瘤细胞出现时才进行表达"}, "answer": "发出抗细胞增殖信号", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "病毒的增殖方式与下列哪种微生物相似?(  )", "options": {"A": "衣原体", "B": "立克次体", "C": "螺旋体", "D": "噬菌体"}, "answer": "噬菌体", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.牛乳使用(  )。", "options": {"A": "巴氏消毒法", "B": "煮沸法", "C": "紫外线消毒法", "D": "过滤除菌法"}, "answer": "巴氏消毒法", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医学科学研究的作用有双向性,表现在(  )。", "options": {"A": "防病与治病的双重性", "B": "造福人类与危害人类的双重性", "C": "社会医学与医学社会学的双重性", "D": "医学科学与医学道德的双重性"}, "answer": "造福人类与危害人类的双重性", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "钩端螺旋体病黄疸出血型的储存宿主主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "牛", "B": "猪", "C": "鼠", "D": "羊"}, "answer": "鼠", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,78岁。跌倒右髋受伤2小时,局部疼痛,活动受限,患肢缩短,轴向叩击痛(+),X线片显示右股骨颈基底部骨皮质连续性中断,断端嵌插,Pauwels角25°,一般状态差,既往高血压,肺心病,糖尿病病史30余年,心功能Ⅳ级。最佳治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "闭合复位内固定", "B": "下肢中立位皮牵引6~8周", "C": "转子间截骨矫正力线", "D": "人工关节置换术"}, "answer": "下肢中立位皮牵引6~8周", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性重型肝炎主要病理变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝细胞局灶性坏死", "B": "肝内淤胆", "C": "汇管区单核细胞浸润", "D": "肝细胞广泛坏死"}, "answer": "肝细胞广泛坏死", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医患沟通中的非言语沟通形式不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "面部表情", "B": "人际距离", "C": "引导话题", "D": "身段姿态"}, "answer": "引导话题", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "进行DNA复制实验时,保留全部DNA复制体系成分,但以DNA聚合酶Ⅱ代替DNA连接酶,试问可能出现的后果是什么?(  )", "options": {"A": "无RNA引物,复制无法进行", "B": "DNA高度缠绕,无法作为模板", "C": "随从链的复制无法完成", "D": "冈崎片段生成过量"}, "answer": "随从链的复制无法完成", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "饮酒或用药成瘾后出现戒断综合征,错误的说法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "与长期、大量饮酒与用药有关", "B": "症状出现于突然停止饮酒或断药后48~96小时之内", "C": "可以有情绪障碍、感知障碍、意识障碍等表现", "D": "可以导致死亡"}, "answer": "症状出现于突然停止饮酒或断药后48~96小时之内", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,40岁。肥胖、高血压、闭经2年。查体:BP 160/90mmHg,向心性肥胖、脸圆。多血质外貌,腹部可见宽大紫纹,血糖11.8mmol/L。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "库欣综合征", "B": "糖尿病", "C": "代谢综合征", "D": "肥胖症"}, "answer": "库欣综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,50岁。腹胀、腹部持续性隐痛、发热1周,“肝炎”史10年,近3年来乏力、食欲缺乏、面色晦暗、间断性齿龈出血。查体:腹部膨隆,无肌紧张,全腹压痛及反跳痛,肝未触及,脾肋下4cm,移动性浊音阳性。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹腔转移癌", "B": "肝硬化合并自发性腹膜炎", "C": "肝硬化合并肝肾综合征", "D": "直肠癌转移"}, "answer": "肝硬化合并自发性腹膜炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,65岁。间断咳嗽20年,活动后气短3年。昨日晨练时突发胸痛、呼吸困难,查体左侧胸廓略饱满,左肺呼吸音明显减弱,心率110次/分,可闻期前收缩4次/分。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性阻塞性肺气肿", "B": "左肺肺大疱", "C": "自发性气胸", "D": "肺栓塞"}, "answer": "自发性气胸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.动脉粥样硬化性的纤维斑块是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脂肪变", "B": "玻璃样变", "C": "淀粉样变", "D": "黏液样变"}, "answer": "玻璃样变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "易化肌紧张的中枢部位包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "网状结构易化区、小脑前叶两侧部、纹状体", "B": "网状结构易化区、小脑前叶蚓部、前庭核", "C": "网状结构易化区、大脑皮质运动区、纹状体", "D": "网状结构易化区、小脑前叶两侧部、前庭核"}, "answer": "网状结构易化区、小脑前叶两侧部、前庭核", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "雌激素水平低下的最常见症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阴道干涩", "B": "潮热", "C": "情绪低落", "D": "失眠"}, "answer": "潮热", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,50岁,体重50kg,上腹隐痛不适,并不思进食已3月,胃镜检查证实为胃体癌。化验:血红蛋白80g/L,血浆白蛋白30g/L,血清钠130mmol/L、钾4.5mmol/L,动脉血pH为7.35。2.按血清钠浓度和公式计算需补充的钠盐量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "12×50×0.5mmol/L", "B": "12×50×0.4mmol/L", "C": "12×50×0.6mmol/L", "D": "12×50×0.8mmol/L"}, "answer": "12×50×0.6mmol/L", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪种提法不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "药物消除包括生物转化和排泄", "B": "生物转化是指药物被氧化", "C": "肝药酶是指细胞色素P450酶系统", "D": "苯巴比妥具有肝药酶诱导作用"}, "answer": "生物转化是指药物被氧化", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪种脱氧核苷酸不是DNA的组分?(  )", "options": {"A": "dTMP", "B": "dGMP", "C": "dUMP", "D": "dAMP"}, "answer": "dUMP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,女,10个月。腹泻3天,加重2天。暗绿色水样便每日10余次,量多,腥臭,伴高热、呕吐、少尿。查体:精神萎靡,呈嗜睡状,前囟眼窝凹陷,皮肤弹性差,心音较低钝,腹胀,肝脾不大。实验室检查:粪镜检有大量脓血细胞,血钠135mmol/L,血钾3.5mmol/L。5.对该患儿最不适合的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使用止泻剂", "B": "使用微生态制剂", "C": "继续饮食", "D": "使用肠黏膜保护剂"}, "answer": "使用止泻剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.与受体有较强的亲和力和内在活性(  )。", "options": {"A": "激动药", "B": "部分激动药", "C": "竞争性拮抗药", "D": "非竞争性拮抗药"}, "answer": "激动药", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.上述哪项左室内压上升速度最快?(  )", "options": {"A": "等容收缩期", "B": "等容舒张期", "C": "快速充盈期", "D": "减慢射血期"}, "answer": "等容收缩期", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "胰头癌最主要的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上腹痛", "B": "黄疸", "C": "便秘", "D": "消化不良"}, "answer": "黄疸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.3个月龄婴儿的头围约是(  )。", "options": {"A": "40cm", "B": "46cm", "C": "50cm", "D": "56cm"}, "answer": "40cm", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者右侧瞳孔缩小,眼裂稍小,右侧上下肢轻瘫,肌张力增高,病理反射阳性,左颈以下皮肤痛温觉减退,右上下肢深感觉缺失,病变位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "右侧颈膨大", "B": "左C3~4", "C": "右C2~3", "D": "右侧延髓"}, "answer": "右C2~3", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "腹腔镜胆囊切除优于开腹胆囊切除的原因不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "住院时间短", "B": "可早期恢复正常活动", "C": "腹部创伤的并发症少", "D": "胆道损伤的风险性小"}, "answer": "胆道损伤的风险性小", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列有关酮体的叙述中错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "酮体是脂肪酸在肝中氧化的正常代谢产物", "B": "酮体包括丙酮、乙酰乙酸和β羟丁酸", "C": "饥饿时酮体生成减少", "D": "酮体可以从尿中排出"}, "answer": "饥饿时酮体生成减少", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "个体自我意识发展的开始时期是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎儿期", "B": "婴儿期", "C": "幼儿期", "D": "学龄期"}, "answer": "幼儿期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,30岁,农民。既往体健。7月2日来诊,腹泻2天,为水样便带少量黏液,量多,日十余次,相继呕吐数次。无发热、无腹痛。腓肠肌痉挛。体检:体温36.8℃,神志清,皮肤弹性差,脉细速,血压70/30mmHg。化验检查:大便镜检白细胞0~2个/HP,血红蛋白160g/L,血白细胞计数12×109/L,中性粒细胞0.78,淋巴细胞0.12,单核细胞0.10。1.考虑诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "霍乱", "B": "急性肠炎", "C": "菌痢", "D": "轮状病毒感染"}, "answer": "霍乱", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,50岁,腰痛2个月,近1周右下肢活动困难,外院诊断坐骨神经痛。Hb 85g/L,ESR 90mm/h,尿蛋白(++)。该诊断首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "风湿性关节炎", "B": "类风湿关节炎", "C": "肾肿瘤骨髓转移", "D": "多发性骨髓瘤"}, "answer": "多发性骨髓瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "未经批准擅自开办医疗机构行医的人员承担的法律责任中不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "警告", "B": "对医师吊销执业证书", "C": "没收其违法所得及其药品器械,并处10万元以下罚款", "D": "构成犯罪的,追究刑事责任"}, "answer": "警告", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "二尖瓣狭窄最不可能引起下列哪项变化?(  )", "options": {"A": "左心房扩大", "B": "左心室扩大", "C": "右心房扩大", "D": "左心房肥大"}, "answer": "左心室扩大", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,48岁,发热伴对称性多关节肿痛,晨僵3个月,查ANA低滴度阳性,RF(+)和IgG补体升高,诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "系统性红斑狼疮", "B": "类风湿关节炎", "C": "干燥综合征(舍格伦综合征)", "D": "混合性结缔组织病"}, "answer": "类风湿关节炎", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "脑血管畸形中最常见类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛细血管扩张", "B": "动静脉瘤", "C": "海绵状血管畸形", "D": "动静脉畸形"}, "answer": "动静脉畸形", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "诊断急进性肾小球肾炎最有价值的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "BUN、Scr迅速升高", "B": "50%以上肾小球囊内有大新月体形成", "C": "尿量减少但蛋白排泄量增加", "D": "血清抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体阳性"}, "answer": "50%以上肾小球囊内有大新月体形成", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于促胃液素的叙述,下列哪项正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "产生促胃液素的细胞存在于胃体和胃底黏膜内", "B": "蛋白质消化产物及HCl是引起促胃液素释放的主要因素", "C": "促胃液素的最小活性片段是其N端的4个氨基酸", "D": "切除胃窦的病人,促胃液素分泌不受影响"}, "answer": "蛋白质消化产物及HCl是引起促胃液素释放的主要因素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "心源性哮喘宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素", "B": "异丙肾上腺素", "C": "哌替啶", "D": "多巴胺"}, "answer": "哌替啶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "体内两条电子传递链分别以不同递氢体起始,经呼吸链最后将电子传递给氧,生成水。这两条电子传递链的交叉点是?(  )", "options": {"A": "FAD", "B": "FMN", "C": "cytc", "D": "CoQ"}, "answer": "CoQ", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "动脉血压变动于10.7~24kPa(80~180mmHg)范围内时,肾血流量保持相对恒定的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经调节", "B": "神经体液双重调节", "C": "自身调节", "D": "神经、体液及自身调节共同作用"}, "answer": "自身调节", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1型和2型糖尿病的主要区别在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "起病方式不同", "B": "并发症的类型与程度不同", "C": "病因和发病不同", "D": "治疗方法不同"}, "answer": "病因和发病不同", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者体内有维生素B12辅助因子的抗体,此抗体可使肠道维生素B12吸收障碍,该种贫血属于下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "ABO血型不符", "B": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血", "C": "恶性贫血", "D": "新生儿溶血症"}, "answer": "恶性贫血", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对肺通气阻力的叙述,错误的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "包括弹性阻力与非弹性阻力两种", "B": "平静呼吸时,主要是非弹性阻力", "C": "非弹性阻力包括气道阻力、惯性阻力和粘滞阻力", "D": "肺和胸廓均产生弹性阻力"}, "answer": "平静呼吸时,主要是非弹性阻力", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "CD4阳性T细胞的主要功能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吞噬作用", "B": "辅助作用", "C": "抑制作用", "D": "抗原呈递作用"}, "answer": "辅助作用", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不属于心理测验的评估工具为(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑郁自评量表", "B": "临床记忆量表", "C": "韦氏智力量表", "D": "洛夏墨迹测验"}, "answer": "抑郁自评量表", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "杀灭包括芽胞在内的微生物的方法称(  )。", "options": {"A": "无菌", "B": "消毒", "C": "防腐", "D": "灭菌"}, "answer": "灭菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.脑膜炎双球菌脑膜炎选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "氨苄青霉素", "B": "青霉素", "C": "利福平", "D": "万古霉素"}, "answer": "青霉素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,70岁。反复咳嗽、咳痰25年,心悸、气促、下肢间歇水肿3年,病情加重伴畏寒发热1周入院。体检:体温38℃,呼吸急促,口唇发绀,双肺叩诊过清音,中下肺闻及湿啰音,心率110次/分,心律齐,无杂音,双下肢重度水肿。3.主要治疗措施有(  )。", "options": {"A": "祛痰与止咳", "B": "解痉与平喘", "C": "低浓度持续吸氧", "D": "控制感染与改善肺功能"}, "answer": "控制感染与改善肺功能", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.肝细胞内质网内出现脂质小体(  )。", "options": {"A": "水变性", "B": "脂肪变性", "C": "玻璃样变性", "D": "纤维素样变性"}, "answer": "脂肪变性", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.树突状细胞的表面分子(  )。", "options": {"A": "CDl9", "B": "KIR", "C": "MHC-Ⅱ", "D": "IL-2"}, "answer": "MHC-Ⅱ", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,36岁,翻车肩部外伤,半小时后来院,查左锁骨中外1/3处明显畸形,局部肿胀明显、淤血,桡动脉搏动触不到,手部发凉,皮色苍白,血压80/40mmHg。1.该患者应首先做哪一项处置?(  )", "options": {"A": "立即摄X线片", "B": "做血管造影", "C": "立即补液、输血", "D": "整复骨折,固定"}, "answer": "立即补液、输血", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,25岁,发热、咳嗽两天后出现肉眼血尿,1天后肉眼血尿消失,但6周后尿沉渣镜检查RBC 20~30/高倍镜,以变形红细胞为主,尿蛋白阴性,查体未见异常,血压130/80mmHg,血肌酐正常,ANA、ANCA均阴性,C3正常,父母及哥哥体健。3.该患者合适的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "定期复查血尿常规", "B": "限制蛋白饮食", "C": "药物激素治疗", "D": "控制血压"}, "answer": "定期复查血尿常规", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性肾功不全是下列哪型钩端螺旋体病的常见死亡原因(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺出血型", "B": "单纯型(流感伤寒型)", "C": "黄疸出血型", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "黄疸出血型", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,35岁。肛周持续性剧烈疼痛2天,局部有肿物突出,无便血。查体:肛周1.0cm直径的肿物,呈暗紫色,表面光滑,水肿,质硬有触痛。2.对该患者正确的处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肿物切除活检", "B": "剥离痔内血栓", "C": "胶圈套扎", "D": "保守治疗"}, "answer": "剥离痔内血栓", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性骨髓炎患者,发现贫血,红细胞为正常细胞型,血清铁450μg/L,总铁结合力2000μg/L,骨髓细胞外铁(++),贫血症应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血", "B": "缺铁性贫血", "C": "慢性感染性贫血", "D": "铁粒幼红细胞性贫血"}, "answer": "慢性感染性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哪项不是小脑幕裂孔疝常见的症状?(  )", "options": {"A": "一侧动眼神经麻痹", "B": "一侧面神经麻痹", "C": "意识障碍", "D": "剧烈头痛,频繁呕吐"}, "answer": "一侧面神经麻痹", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,55岁,患类风湿关节炎多年,长期服阿司匹林,血红蛋白90g/L,平均红细胞体积59μm3,平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度28%,网织红细胞计数4%,血清铁450μg/L,总铁结合力4800μg/L。2.如果患者已绝经,且无不良饮食习惯,那么引起贫血的主要原因可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞破坏过多", "B": "骨髓红细胞增生受抑", "C": "慢性失血", "D": "铁摄入不足"}, "answer": "慢性失血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是对心肌收缩力抑制作用最强的钙拮抗剂?(  )", "options": {"A": "尼群地平", "B": "硝苯地平", "C": "地尔硫", "D": "维拉帕米"}, "answer": "维拉帕米", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.细菌性痢疾的渗出和坏死物形成的膜状物称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "伪膜", "B": "化生", "C": "渗出", "D": "转化"}, "answer": "伪膜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "真核生物的核糖体中rRNA包括下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "5S、5.8S、18S和28SrRNA", "B": "5S、16S和23SrRNA", "C": "5S、16S、18S和5.8SrRNA", "D": "5S、5.8S和28SrRNA"}, "answer": "5S、5.8S、18S和28SrRNA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一女性甲亢患者,丙硫氧嘧啶+普萘洛尔治疗2个月,T3、T4恢复正常,但甲状腺肿及突眼加重,应加用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺片", "B": "普萘洛尔", "C": "再加一种抗甲状腺药", "D": "皮质醇"}, "answer": "甲状腺片", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,56岁。2年来表现为烦渴多食、多饮、多尿,体重下降,疲倦无力,注意力不集中,失眠,情绪低落,主动性差,反应迟钝。1周前出现兴奋不安,言语紊乱而住院。1.下列最有诊断价值的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血常规", "B": "T3、T4、TSH测定", "C": "血糖测定", "D": "ACTH兴奋试验"}, "answer": "血糖测定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某男性,29岁,因车祸外伤急送医院急诊。咯血、口鼻均有鲜血外溢,呼吸困难。体检:心率100次/min,血压130/90mmHg(17.33/12kPa),神志模糊,烦躁不安。左侧胸壁严重擦伤,肿胀,四肢活动尚可,左大腿中下段中度肿胀,有瘀斑和严重擦伤。1.此时最紧迫的抢救措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "清除上呼吸道异物,保持呼吸道通畅", "B": "输血", "C": "吸氧", "D": "左下肢夹板固定"}, "answer": "清除上呼吸道异物,保持呼吸道通畅", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "能产生LTA的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脆弱类杆菌", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "C": "脑膜炎奈瑟菌", "D": "乙型溶血性链球菌"}, "answer": "乙型溶血性链球菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列不符合单纯型肾病的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量蛋白尿", "B": "暂时性氮质血症", "C": "胆固醇明显增高", "D": "多见于7岁以上儿童"}, "answer": "多见于7岁以上儿童", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "精神分裂症的强迫症状与强迫性神经病的鉴别是前者(  )。", "options": {"A": "强迫症状明显", "B": "缺乏自知力及痛苦感", "C": "起病缓慢", "D": "有反强迫意愿"}, "answer": "缺乏自知力及痛苦感", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "SPA存在于下述哪一种细菌?(  )", "options": {"A": "腐生葡萄球菌", "B": "表皮葡萄球菌", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "D": "乙型溶血性链球菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "矽肺早期病变表现在(  )。", "options": {"A": "两肺下叶", "B": "两肺上叶", "C": "肺门淋巴结", "D": "胸膜"}, "answer": "肺门淋巴结", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于IgE下述哪一项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "56℃30分钟可使IgE灭活", "B": "IgE的H链有4个CH区", "C": "寄生虫感染使IgE水平降低", "D": "在个体发育过程中发育较晚"}, "answer": "寄生虫感染使IgE水平降低", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "幻觉是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "感觉器官在梦幻中的一种知觉体验", "B": "人脑的一种丰富想象的思维过程", "C": "感觉器官缺乏客观刺激时的知觉体验", "D": "感觉器官对客观事物的错误知觉体验"}, "answer": "感觉器官缺乏客观刺激时的知觉体验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "为提高医务人员对患者识别的准确性,医院管理中强调必须严格执行“三查七对”制度,其中的三查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "门诊查,取药查、发药查", "B": "操作前查,操作中查、操作后查", "C": "开方查、取药查、发药查", "D": "门诊查、住院查、出院查"}, "answer": "操作前查,操作中查、操作后查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,20岁,发热起病,体温38℃,3天后体温下降伴周身乏力,食欲不振,恶心呕吐。近2天发现尿色深如豆油样,胆红素定量80μmol/L,抗HBs(+),抗HAV IgM(+),巩膜及皮肤中等度黄疸,肝区轻度叩痛,肝肋下触及1.0cm,质软,脾侧卧位未及,胆囊区无压痛。1.此患临床诊断应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性黄疸型肝炎", "B": "急性重型肝炎", "C": "亚急性重型肝炎", "D": "胆囊炎伴肝损害"}, "answer": "急性黄疸型肝炎", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,65岁。排便次数增加6个月,伴里急后重、排便不尽感。1个月来大便变细,偶有大便表面带血,自觉乏力,体重减轻4kg。2.决定该病人手术方式的要点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是否合并肠周淋巴结转移", "B": "病灶浸润肠壁的深度", "C": "病灶下缘距齿状线距离", "D": "病灶浸润肠壁的长度"}, "answer": "病灶下缘距齿状线距离", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于多饮水预防尿路结石的机制,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使尿液稀释", "B": "使已形成的结石溶解", "C": "有利于微小结石的排出", "D": "降低尿中形成结石的物质的浓度"}, "answer": "使已形成的结石溶解", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男孩,10岁,右膝部疼痛,跛行2年,有夜间痛。检查发现右膝活动良好,右髋不能伸直,大腿肌肉萎缩,血沉28mm,X线片示髋关节骨质疏松。诊断应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "髋关节结核性滑膜炎", "B": "髋关节类风湿滑膜炎", "C": "髋关节风湿性滑膜炎", "D": "膝关节滑膜结核"}, "answer": "髋关节结核性滑膜炎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一位肿瘤病学专家在同事的协助下,为一肺癌病人做胸穿,抽出了1000毫升胸水。第二天早上交班时,这位专家问当班护士:此病人是什么时候做的胸穿?你注意观察了吗?病人的呼吸、心跳怎样?……护士有些紧张,答得不完全。这位专家说:这些内容医师要管,护士也要管,我们应共同努力。2.下述医师做法或叙述中,不符合“共同维护病人利益”这一原则的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "医师发现检验师检验报告不合格,只是当着病人的面说些“水平太低了”的话,然后又开出另一种检验项目单,嘱病人去做", "B": "下级医师为上级医师掩饰失误,损害了病人利益", "C": "护士发现医嘱中有点疑问,及时向医师提出。医师认为护士多事,才上了几天班,你懂什么", "D": "上级主管部门就病人反映的某医师开CT检查单而分得“开单费”的违规问题而来调查情况时,因怕伤害朋友情面和影响科室创收,知情医师不配合。"}, "answer": "下级医师为上级医师掩饰失误,损害了病人利益", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性肾小球肾炎水肿的主要机制为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球滤过率下降,水钠潴留", "B": "毛细血管通透性增加", "C": "继发性醛固酮增多症", "D": "抗利尿激素增加"}, "answer": "肾小球滤过率下降,水钠潴留", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "共同参与型的医患关系模式最适于(  )。", "options": {"A": "绝症病人", "B": "急性病人", "C": "慢性病人", "D": "重症病人"}, "answer": "慢性病人", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于癔症患者感觉过敏或缺失的描述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "常发生于肢体末端", "B": "分布可以神经解剖解释", "C": "范围常受暗示影响", "D": "病程也与暗示有关"}, "answer": "分布可以神经解剖解释", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "正常成年人的肾小球滤过率约为(  )。", "options": {"A": "100ml/L", "B": "125ml/L", "C": "1L/L", "D": "180ml/L"}, "answer": "125ml/L", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某男性,28岁,经常在出家门以后担心门没有锁好,为此多次检查方可离去,以致有时上班迟到,为此来医院检查。1.这是一种什么症状(  )。", "options": {"A": "强迫症状", "B": "关系妄想", "C": "由幻听支配的异常行为", "D": "被害妄想"}, "answer": "强迫症状", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "病毒性心肌炎的确诊有赖于(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清柯萨奇B组病毒IgG 1:640", "B": "心肌组织内病毒的检出", "C": "血C反应蛋白水平增高", "D": "血清柯萨奇B组病毒IgM 1:320以上"}, "answer": "心肌组织内病毒的检出", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.发病率最高的甲状腺癌为(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺乳头状腺癌", "B": "甲状腺滤泡状腺癌", "C": "未分化癌", "D": "髓样癌"}, "answer": "甲状腺乳头状腺癌", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪一项检查对诊断慢性粒细胞白血病急性变有意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "原化疗方案无效", "B": "体重下降,脾脏急剧肿大", "C": "出血贫血明显", "D": "骨髓中原粒细胞>30%"}, "answer": "骨髓中原粒细胞>30%", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,70岁。突发胸闷、喘憋10小时入院。既往高血压病史12年,糖尿病病史5年。查体:BP 160/90mmHg,端坐呼吸。双肺可闻及广泛湿啰音及散在哮鸣音。心率128次/分,心律齐,心脏各瓣膜区未闻及杂音。ECG示:V1~V6导联ST段抬高。动脉血气分析:pH 7.35,PaO2 71mmHg,PaCO2 40mmHg。1.该患者目前喘憋最可能的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺动脉栓塞", "B": "支气管哮喘", "C": "糖尿病酮症酸中毒", "D": "急性心肌梗死"}, "answer": "急性心肌梗死", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,69岁。左侧胸痛伴呼吸困难2天。疼痛呈持续性锐痛,咳嗽时加剧,无放射痛、发热。查体:血压110/80mmHg,呼吸急促,口唇发绀,双肺未闻及干、湿啰音,P2亢进,各瓣膜区未闻及杂音,左下肢水肿。胸痛最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "气胸", "B": "肺梗死", "C": "胸膜炎", "D": "肺癌"}, "answer": "肺梗死", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,23岁。因原发性甲状腺功能亢进症在气管内插管全麻下行甲状腺双侧次全切术,术后清醒拔出气管插管后患者出现呼吸困难,伴有失音,无手足麻木。查体:T 37.3℃,P 92次/分,R 28次/分,BP 130/70mmHg,面红无发绀,颈部不肿,引流管通畅,有少许血液流出。引起该患者呼吸困难最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤口出血", "B": "甲亢危象", "C": "双侧喉返神经损伤", "D": "甲状旁腺损伤"}, "answer": "双侧喉返神经损伤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对人血管的神经支配的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大多数血管受交感和副交感神经双重支配", "B": "去甲肾上腺素与α受体结合能力较与β受体结合的能力强", "C": "皮肤血管中缩血管纤维分布最密", "D": "动脉中缩血管纤维密度高于静脉"}, "answer": "大多数血管受交感和副交感神经双重支配", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,68岁。阵发性腹痛1年,自觉有“气块”在腹中窜动,起初大便次数增加,近3个月腹胀、便秘,近3天无肛门排气、排便,呕吐物有粪便臭味,一直感乏力和低热。3.禁忌使用的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结肠镜", "B": "立位腹部X线平片", "C": "腹部B超", "D": "全消化道钡餐造影"}, "answer": "全消化道钡餐造影", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "休克型肺炎最常见的病原菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎球菌", "B": "肺炎支原体", "C": "铜绿假单胞菌", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "肺炎球菌", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "为抑制甲状腺功能亢进症患者甲状腺素的释放,外科手术前最常选择的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "普萘洛尔", "B": "甲巯咪唑", "C": "丙硫氧嘧啶", "D": "碘剂"}, "answer": "碘剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.医生劝病人“你应该参加一些晨间锻炼”,这种医患关系属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "指导-合作型", "B": "共同参与型", "C": "强制-被动型", "D": "指导-参与型"}, "answer": "指导-合作型", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "Graves病主要是由于哪种细胞功能缺陷引起的?(  )", "options": {"A": "Ts细胞", "B": "B细胞", "C": "K细胞", "D": "浆细胞"}, "answer": "Ts细胞", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.老年、轻型的糖尿病患者适合选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "二甲双胍", "B": "格列喹酮", "C": "格列齐特", "D": "阿卡波糖"}, "answer": "格列齐特", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "长期应用可能升高血钾的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙酰唑胺", "B": "螺内酯", "C": "甘露醇", "D": "氯噻酮"}, "answer": "螺内酯", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.侧支循环建立(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝硬化时食管静脉曲张", "B": "雷诺病", "C": "槟榔肝", "D": "急性阑尾炎"}, "answer": "肝硬化时食管静脉曲张", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "喘憋为突出表现", "B": "咳频、喘憋、发绀", "C": "常见猩红热样或荨麻疹样皮疹", "D": "全身中毒症状明显,重者意识障碍甚至休克"}, "answer": "喘憋为突出表现", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "慎独要求中根本性的、首要的要求是(  )。", "options": {"A": "无人监督时注意不违背医德", "B": "有不正确思想干扰时注意加以抵制", "C": "坚持从小事上点点滴滴做起", "D": "坚持医德修养的高度自觉性、坚定性、一贯性"}, "answer": "坚持医德修养的高度自觉性、坚定性、一贯性", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.Dugas征阳性(  )。", "options": {"A": "肩关节脱位", "B": "肘关节脱位", "C": "髋关节后上脱位", "D": "髋关节前下脱位"}, "answer": "肩关节脱位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.易侵犯中枢神经系统(  )。", "options": {"A": "早幼粒细胞白血病", "B": "急性粒细胞白血病", "C": "急性单核细胞白血病", "D": "急性淋巴细胞白血病"}, "answer": "急性淋巴细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是生长激素一天中的分泌高峰期?(  )", "options": {"A": "晚间", "B": "中午", "C": "清晨", "D": "慢波睡眠"}, "answer": "慢波睡眠", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者因发热入院,疑诊为肠热症,两次取血做肥达反应的结果如下:入院后第4天TH1,80;TO1,80;PA1,40;PB1,40人院后第12天;TH1,320;TO1,320;PA1,40;PB1,20,根据此结果可诊断何病?(  )", "options": {"A": "伤寒", "B": "丙型副伤寒", "C": "乙型副伤寒", "D": "回忆反应"}, "answer": "伤寒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对待患者知情同意权的做法中,不正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "对某些特殊急诊抢救视为例外", "B": "婴幼儿可以由监护人决定", "C": "无家属承诺,即使患者本人知情同意也不能给予手术治疗", "D": "做到有效同意"}, "answer": "无家属承诺,即使患者本人知情同意也不能给予手术治疗", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,35岁。痛经进行性加重8年,婚后4年未孕。查休:子宫后位,大小正常,子宫左后方可触及大小约6cm的囊性包块,张力较大,触痛,子宫右后方触及类似包块,大小约5cm。血CA125 65U/ml,抗子宫内膜抗体(+)。2.术后拟给予药物治疗,最适合的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗生素", "B": "免疫调节剂", "C": "GnRH-α", "D": "化疗药物"}, "answer": "GnRH-α", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "发生哺乳期急性乳腺炎的主要病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳汁淤积细菌侵入", "B": "乳腺组织发育不良", "C": "乳汁分泌障碍", "D": "乳腺囊性增生病"}, "answer": "乳汁淤积细菌侵入", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "与小儿正常的尿液不符的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿液淡黄透明", "B": "尿比重为1.003~1.030", "C": "尿蛋白≤200mg/(m2·24h)", "D": "离心后红细胞<3个/高倍视野"}, "answer": "尿蛋白≤200mg/(m2·24h)", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于断肢再植原则,下列哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "需要时可将骨骼短缩后重建", "B": "肌腱常作二期缝接", "C": "主要的动、静脉均应吻合", "D": "神经应一期修复"}, "answer": "肌腱常作二期缝接", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者存在的“持续气流受限”是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "阻塞性通气功能障碍不能完全恢复", "B": "支气管舒张试验阳性", "C": "功能残气量显著增加", "D": "支气管激发试验阳性"}, "answer": "阻塞性通气功能障碍不能完全恢复", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "标准口服葡萄糖耐量试验葡萄糖负荷量应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "65g", "B": "70g", "C": "75g", "D": "80g"}, "answer": "75g", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.虫媒病毒通过伊蚊传播引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "流行性斑疹伤寒", "B": "地方性斑疹伤寒", "C": "登革出血热", "D": "森林脑炎"}, "answer": "登革出血热", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "属于DNA病毒的肝炎病毒是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HBV", "B": "HEV", "C": "HDV", "D": "HAV"}, "answer": "HBV", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.易造成腓总神经损伤的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腓骨颈骨折", "B": "胫骨中段骨折", "C": "腓骨中段骨折", "D": "胫骨上端骨折"}, "answer": "腓骨颈骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "发生于鼻唇三角区的疖,病情加重或被挤压时可并发(  )。", "options": {"A": "颜面部蜂窝组织炎", "B": "颜面部淋巴管炎", "C": "化脓性海绵窦炎", "D": "败血症"}, "answer": "化脓性海绵窦炎", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.头大、四肢短小、智能正常是(  )。", "options": {"A": "佝偻病", "B": "软骨发育不全", "C": "垂体性侏儒症", "D": "先天性巨结肠"}, "answer": "软骨发育不全", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,13岁。两年前的冬季,以高热、头痛及呕吐起病,经治疗后好转。目前CT检查发现脑室扩张,脑实质萎缩,视力低下。患者的疾病诊断应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "流行性脑膜炎后遗症", "B": "流行性乙型脑炎后遗症", "C": "脑膜肿瘤", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "流行性脑膜炎后遗症", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有关失眠症的诊断标准,下列正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "每周失眠2次,持续1月以上", "B": "每周失眠3次,持续1月以上", "C": "每周失眠3次,持续2月以上", "D": "每周失眠2次,持续2月以上"}, "answer": "每周失眠3次,持续1月以上", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,42岁。人工流产后2年,阴道断续流血6月余,近日出现咯血丝痰。血β-hCG为13000U/L,胸部X线片示肺部多个结节。首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺叶切除+子宫切除术", "B": "肺叶切除术", "C": "化学治疗", "D": "子宫切除术"}, "answer": "化学治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.妊娠时母体血容量达到高峰时间(  )。", "options": {"A": "孕6~8周", "B": "孕20周", "C": "孕32~34周", "D": "孕38周"}, "answer": "孕32~34周", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "5.受凝血酶自我催化的凝血因子(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅻ因子", "B": "X因子", "C": "Ⅷ因子", "D": "Ⅳ因子"}, "answer": "Ⅷ因子", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.对G+菌有较强抗菌作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红霉素", "B": "诺氟沙星", "C": "盐酸金刚乙胺", "D": "庆大霉素"}, "answer": "红霉素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.高热3~5天,热退疹出(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹", "B": "幼儿急疹", "C": "风疹", "D": "水痘"}, "answer": "幼儿急疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "早产儿的定义是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎龄>28周至<37周的婴儿", "B": "胎龄>37周至40周的新生儿", "C": "体重<2500g的婴儿", "D": "胎龄<28周"}, "answer": "胎龄>28周至<37周的婴儿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,56岁的心房颤动患者,突然发生命名物品困难。2周来共发生过5次,每次持续2~15s。查体无神经系统异常。脑CT无异常。1.诊断可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑动脉瘤", "B": "脑血栓形成", "C": "脑血管畸形", "D": "短暂性脑缺血发作"}, "answer": "短暂性脑缺血发作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.急性普通型肝炎的病理特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝细胞点灶状坏死", "B": "肝细胞亚大片坏死", "C": "肝细胞碎片状坏死", "D": "肝细胞大片坏死"}, "answer": "肝细胞点灶状坏死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,30岁,由5m高处跌下2小时,腹痛来院,BP 100/70mmHg,P 120次/min,腹膜刺激征(+),血红蛋白100g/L,X线片示右膈升高。初步诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝破裂", "B": "脾破裂", "C": "腹膜后血肿", "D": "胰腺破裂"}, "answer": "肝破裂", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "属于迟发型超敏反应的试验是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗毒素血清皮试", "B": "皮肤发疱试验", "C": "青霉素皮试", "D": "OT试验(结核菌素试验)"}, "answer": "OT试验(结核菌素试验)", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于艾滋病的高危人群哪一项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "50岁以上的人", "B": "静脉药瘾者", "C": "性乱者", "D": "男性同性恋"}, "answer": "50岁以上的人", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心室颤动导致不可逆性脑损害,其发作至少持续(  )。", "options": {"A": "4~6分钟", "B": "7~9分钟", "C": "30秒", "D": "1~3分钟"}, "answer": "4~6分钟", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "癌细胞团中有较多癌珠存在,可诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "低分化鳞状细胞癌", "B": "高分化鳞状细胞癌", "C": "高分化腺癌", "D": "未分化癌"}, "answer": "高分化鳞状细胞癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,25岁。早晨被发现意识不清仰面倒在床上,床旁有呕吐物。房间内用煤炉取暖。急送医院。查体:T 36.5℃,P 65次/分,R 25次/分,BP 95/65mmHg,昏迷状态,呼吸困难,面色潮红,口唇呈轻度发绀,双瞳孔等圆等大,两肺可闻及湿啰音,以右侧为著。SpO2 85%。目前应立即采取的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "无创通气", "B": "立即高压氧舱治疗", "C": "高浓度吸氧、强心利尿", "D": "气管插管、清理气道、机械通气"}, "answer": "立即高压氧舱治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "青年男性患者,腰痛,腰僵硬,逐渐出现驼背,X线片见骶髂关节模糊,间隙消失。可能诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性腰扭伤", "B": "腰肌劳损", "C": "腰椎结核", "D": "强直性脊柱炎"}, "answer": "强直性脊柱炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.网膜囊位置在(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝左下后间隙", "B": "肝右下间隙", "C": "肝左下前间隙", "D": "肝右上间隙"}, "answer": "肝左下后间隙", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.Ⅱ度营养不良小儿,腹泻迁延,脱水多为(  )。", "options": {"A": "低渗性脱水", "B": "高渗性脱水", "C": "低钾血症", "D": "低钙血症"}, "answer": "低渗性脱水", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "流行性乙型脑炎的炎症性质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "化脓性炎", "B": "出血性炎", "C": "纤维素性炎", "D": "变质性炎"}, "answer": "变质性炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,64岁。上腹饱胀不适4个月,皮肤进行性黄染3个月。查体:皮肤、巩膜明显黄染。右上腹肋缘下可触及囊性包块,无触痛。为明确是否可行手术根治切除病灶,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上消化道X线钡剂造影", "B": "PET-CT", "C": "胃镜", "D": "腹部CT"}, "answer": "腹部CT", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.抗风湿药物治疗疗效不佳的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏炎", "B": "舞蹈病", "C": "皮下结节", "D": "环状红斑"}, "answer": "舞蹈病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,45岁,心悸、乏力1年余,进行性加重,未就诊;1周前发热,T 37.6~38℃,伴咳嗽、咳黄粘痰,口服止咳祛痰药物效果不佳,3天来症状加重,体温持续39℃以上,并出现恶心、呕吐、腹泻,痰黄脓,气急加重。查体:T 39.8℃,P 150次份,R 32次/分.BP 11/5kPa;消瘦,意识模糊,烦躁不安,巩膜轻度黄染,甲状腺Ⅰ度肿大,可闻血管杂音,无震颤。两肺可闻多量干湿性啰音,心界不大,心率164次/分,律不整,第一心音亢进,心尖部可闻Ⅱ级收缩期吹风样杂音,腹(-);下肢无水肿。5.该病人如选用放射性碘治疗,其长、短期并发症最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺功能减退症、放射性甲状腺炎", "B": "甲亢复发、放射性甲状腺炎", "C": "心衰恶化、甲亢危象", "D": "甲状腺功能减退症、甲亢危象"}, "answer": "甲状腺功能减退症、放射性甲状腺炎", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "属于胆碱能受体的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "M、α", "B": "M、β", "C": "M、N1、N2", "D": "M、N、α、β"}, "answer": "M、N1、N2", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1岁男孩,胸骨左缘有Ⅲ级收缩期杂音,应首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "功能性杂音", "B": "先天性心脏病", "C": "风湿热", "D": "心内膜弹力纤维增生症"}, "answer": "先天性心脏病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哌唑嗪的不良反应可表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "水钠潴留", "B": "出血", "C": "粒细胞减少", "D": "体位性低血压"}, "answer": "体位性低血压", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,55岁,清晨因叫不醒被送来急诊,以前曾有多次清晨不易唤醒,胡言乱语及行为异常,进甜食后可缓解。无糖尿病家族史。体检发现患者肥胖,呈昏迷状,心、肺、腹(-)。1.以下最可能异常的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血BUN", "B": "血ALT", "C": "血糖", "D": "血氨"}, "answer": "血糖", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "决定每分钟肺泡通气量的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "余气量的多少", "B": "潮气量的大小", "C": "呼吸频率、潮气量与无效腔的大小", "D": "呼吸频率与无效腔的大小"}, "answer": "呼吸频率、潮气量与无效腔的大小", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于PPD试验的说法最准确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "PPD试验阳性可肯定有结核病", "B": "粟粒型肺结核PPD试验有时可阴性", "C": "初次感染结核菌后2周,PPD试验呈阳性", "D": "卡介苗接种成功,PPD试验呈强阳性"}, "answer": "粟粒型肺结核PPD试验有时可阴性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "头皮裂伤的处理原则哪项正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "由于头皮容易隐藏污垢、细菌,一般先用油纱填塞,待伤口干净后延迟缝合", "B": "单纯裂伤一期缝合,复杂伤口延迟缝合", "C": "只要没有脑脊液漏,所有头皮裂伤都应尽量一期缝合", "D": "伤口逾时24小时,没有明显感染征象,仍应一期清创缝合"}, "answer": "伤口逾时24小时,没有明显感染征象,仍应一期清创缝合", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男孩,4岁,体检时发现胸骨左缘第3、4肋间4级粗糙收缩期杂音,肺动脉第二音稍增强,为确诊需下一步做哪项无创性检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "心血管造影", "B": "X线胸片", "C": "心导管检查", "D": "超声心动图"}, "answer": "超声心动图", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATG)治疗重型再生障碍性贫血的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "刺激造血干细胞增殖", "B": "抑制T细胞,使造血功能恢复", "C": "改善骨髓微环境", "D": "提高体内EPO水平"}, "answer": "抑制T细胞,使造血功能恢复", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.流行性脑脊髓膜炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "变质性炎症", "B": "渗出性炎症", "C": "化脓性炎症", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "化脓性炎症", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是水钠潴留作用最弱的糖皮质激素?(  )", "options": {"A": "泼尼松", "B": "甲泼尼龙", "C": "地塞米松", "D": "氢化可的松"}, "answer": "地塞米松", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,22岁。间断腹泻半年。大便3~4次/天,伴下腹部疼痛。既往有肺结核病史。查体:T 37.5℃,P 90次/分,心肺未见异常。右下腹压痛(+),可触及边界不清包块。实验室检査:ESR 60mm/h,PPD(+++)。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "克罗恩病", "B": "结肠病", "C": "肠结核", "D": "肠易激综合征"}, "answer": "肠结核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "出现颞叶钩回疝时,有定位意义的瞳孔变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "患侧瞳孔逐渐扩大", "B": "患侧瞳孔逐渐缩小", "C": "双侧瞳孔散大", "D": "双侧瞳孔缩小"}, "answer": "患侧瞳孔逐渐扩大", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的头颅CT检查何时做比较好?(  )", "options": {"A": "出生后第1天", "B": "出生后第2~5天", "C": "出生后第5~7天", "D": "出生后7天以后"}, "answer": "出生后第2~5天", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,65岁,反复咳嗽、咳痰20年,加重伴心悸、气短1周,咳大量脓痰,心悸、气短,于夜间平卧时更明显,高血压病史3年。查体:BP 150/90mmHg,双肺呼吸音低,三尖瓣区可闻及3/6级收缩期杂音。脊柱后凸畸形,心电图示RV1+SV5=1.18mV,右束支传导阻滞,该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "风湿性心脏瓣膜病", "B": "高血压性心脏病", "C": "冠心病", "D": "慢性肺源性心脏病"}, "answer": "慢性肺源性心脏病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿3岁,因发热呕吐15天住院。查体:嗜睡状,营养差,颈抵抗(+),右侧鼻唇沟变浅,右眼闭合不全,心肺腹部未见异常,巴氏征(+)。脑脊液:外观毛玻璃样,蛋白0.8g/L,糖1.24mmol/L,氯化物100mmol/L,白细胞160×106/L,多核45%,单核55%。2.治疗应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素+氯霉素", "B": "对症处理+中药", "C": "INH+RFP+SM+PZA+泼尼松", "D": "INH+RFP+SM+PZA"}, "answer": "INH+RFP+SM+PZA+泼尼松", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是轻微病变性肾小球肾炎电镜下的特征性病变?(  )", "options": {"A": "系膜内见致密沉积物", "B": "系膜细胞增生", "C": "脏层上皮细胞足突消失融合", "D": "肾小球基底膜增厚"}, "answer": "脏层上皮细胞足突消失融合", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "硝酸甘油舒张血管平滑肌的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直接作用于血管平滑肌", "B": "激活腺苷酸环化酶,增加cAMP", "C": "激动β2受体", "D": "被硝酸酯受体还原成N0起作用"}, "answer": "被硝酸酯受体还原成N0起作用", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,40岁。发作性心悸、头晕、大汗4个月,每次发作持续约20分钟。发作时血压180/120mmHg,平素血压不高。对诊断最有帮助的是在血压升高时检查尿中的(  )。", "options": {"A": "儿茶酚胺水平", "B": "钾、钠水平", "C": "钙、磷水平", "D": "皮质醇水平"}, "answer": "儿茶酚胺水平", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "长期应用利尿剂的降压作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "排钠利尿,减少血容量", "B": "增加血浆肾素活性", "C": "减少血管平滑肌细胞内的钠离子", "D": "抑制醛固酮的分泌"}, "answer": "减少血管平滑肌细胞内的钠离子", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "胸腰椎椎体压缩骨折,压缩不到1/3,首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卧硬板床", "B": "两桌法过仰复位", "C": "石膏背心外固定", "D": "手术椎体融合"}, "answer": "两桌法过仰复位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,38岁,间歇性水肿10余年,伴恶心,呕吐1周。查血红蛋白80g/L,血压155/110mmHg(20.7/14.7kPa),尿蛋白(++),颗粒管型2或3个/HP,尿比重为1.010~1.012。1.可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性高血压", "B": "慢性肾盂肾炎", "C": "慢性肾小球肾炎", "D": "肾病综合征"}, "answer": "慢性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪项为佝偻病初期临床表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "血钙下降", "B": "血磷正常", "C": "钙磷乘积明显下降", "D": "骨骼改变不明显"}, "answer": "骨骼改变不明显", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "升结肠癌主要的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠梗阻", "B": "便秘", "C": "腹痛", "D": "贫血"}, "answer": "贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的主要特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大气道阻塞", "B": "小气道阻塞", "C": "桶状胸", "D": "胸片示肺野透亮度增加"}, "answer": "小气道阻塞", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "县医院接乡下电话,急要救护车接产后大出血病人,院值班干部通知了司机,便没再催促。司机接通知后,称风小些再去,病人家属着急,在要车40分钟后,在公路上截了一辆农用四轮车拉到县医院,20分钟到县医院,门诊医生直接送到病房,病房医生按失血休克紧急处置,30分钟病人死亡。此事故的责任主体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "门诊医生", "B": "救护车司机", "C": "值班干部", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "救护车司机", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "最容易发生房室传导阻滞的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性前壁心肌梗死", "B": "急性高侧壁心肌梗死", "C": "急性后壁心肌梗死", "D": "急性下壁心肌梗死"}, "answer": "急性下壁心肌梗死", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有机磷中毒,烟碱样症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多汗", "B": "流涎", "C": "恶心、呕吐", "D": "肌纤维颤动"}, "answer": "肌纤维颤动", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性格林一巴利综合征,哪一种治疗较为适宜?(  )", "options": {"A": "吡啶斯的明口服", "B": "大量糖皮质激素", "C": "血浆交换疗法", "D": "氯化钾口服"}, "answer": "血浆交换疗法", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "TCR-CD3复合物中转导T细胞活化第一信号的分子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD3", "B": "CD4", "C": "CD8", "D": "CD40"}, "answer": "CD3", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "慢性再生障碍性贫血病人最常见的感染是(  )。", "options": {"A": "败血症", "B": "尿路感染", "C": "上呼吸道感染", "D": "皮肤感染"}, "answer": "上呼吸道感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "5.促吞噬作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "C3A", "B": "CA", "C": "C3bBb", "D": "C3b"}, "answer": "C3b", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "缺铁性贫血早期最可靠的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清铁蛋白降低", "B": "血清总铁结合力增高", "C": "运铁蛋白饱和度降低", "D": "红细胞内原卟啉增高"}, "answer": "血清铁蛋白降低", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,25岁。骨盆骨折伴后尿道损伤,急性尿潴留,试插尿管失败。最佳急诊处理方法(  )。", "options": {"A": "针灸", "B": "热敷", "C": "耻骨上膀胱造瘘", "D": "急诊行尿道断端吻合术"}, "answer": "耻骨上膀胱造瘘", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,35岁,浙江人,1个月前因捕鱼着凉,近月发热,体温38.5℃,腹泻稀便。查体:无欲外观,周身可见荨麻疹,无黄疸,肝肋下1.0cm,脾肋下2.0cm,脾轻压痛。血象:自细胞15×109/L,嗜酸粒细胞0.4。其最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤寒", "B": "阿米巴肝脓肿", "C": "急性血吸虫病", "D": "粟粒型结核"}, "answer": "急性血吸虫病", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.多发生在秋、冬季(  )。", "options": {"A": "致病性大肠杆菌肠炎", "B": "轮状病毒性肠炎", "C": "细菌性痢疾", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌肠炎"}, "answer": "轮状病毒性肠炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.表示正态分布的变量值离散程度最常用的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "四分位数间距", "B": "方差", "C": "标准差", "D": "变异系数"}, "answer": "四分位数间距", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.在寒冷环境中分泌增加的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺皮质激素", "B": "降钙素", "C": "甲状腺激素", "D": "胰岛素"}, "answer": "甲状腺激素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,30岁,因“原发甲亢”施行甲状腺次全切除术后6小时,患者感呼吸困难。检查:面发绀,颈部敷料呈红色。下列并发症中,可能性大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "喉上神经损伤", "B": "切口内出血", "C": "甲状腺危象", "D": "甲状旁腺损伤"}, "answer": "切口内出血", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "提出“以最大多数人的最大幸福”作为道德判断标准的学者是(  )。", "options": {"A": "边沁", "B": "密尔", "C": "苏格拉底", "D": "康德"}, "answer": "边沁", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.脑出血最常见的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压", "B": "脑动脉粥样硬化", "C": "休克", "D": "风湿性心脏病"}, "answer": "高血压", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2岁小儿,智力发育落后,曾有惊厥发作5次,皮肤白,头发色浅,汗液有鼠尿臭味。此患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "21-三体综合征", "B": "粘多糖病", "C": "苯丙酮尿症", "D": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症"}, "answer": "苯丙酮尿症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性白血病完全缓解的标准,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血象恢复正常", "B": "血红蛋白>100g/L", "C": "外周血中无幼稚白细胞", "D": "骨髓中原始细胞加幼细胞<10%"}, "answer": "骨髓中原始细胞加幼细胞<10%", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,55岁。Graves病史10年,间断治疗,近因合并心律失常被诊断为甲亢性心脏病。其最可能发生的心律失常是(  )。", "options": {"A": "室性早搏", "B": "心房颤动", "C": "心房扑动", "D": "房室传导阻滞"}, "answer": "心房颤动", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.能够释放再聚集Ca2+的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "横小管", "B": "终池", "C": "肌小节", "D": "原肌球蛋白"}, "answer": "终池", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列各项中不符合急性早幼粒细胞白血病的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "染色体改变为t(8;21)", "B": "过氧化物酶阳性", "C": "非特异性酯酶阳性", "D": "可见Auer小体"}, "answer": "染色体改变为t(8;21)", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是医疗机构在临床用血时提出的要求?(  )", "options": {"A": "不得浪费和滥用血液", "B": "合理科学的原则", "C": "应当制定用血计划", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,34岁。近1个月来多次因阵发性恐惧、胸闷、濒死感在医院急诊科就诊,症状持续约半小时后消失。多次查血常规心电图及头颅CT等未见明显异常。患者为此担心苦恼,但仍能坚持工作。1.该患者的主要症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心前区疼痛", "B": "急性焦虑发作", "C": "慢性焦虑", "D": "高血压危象"}, "answer": "急性焦虑发作", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初产妇,27岁。妊娠38周,临产4小时,半小时前胎膜破裂急诊入院。骨盆外测量正常,枕右前位,胎心率136次/分,宫口开大2cm,S=0。该孕妇最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "正常产程", "B": "头盆不称", "C": "活跃期延长", "D": "潜伏期延长"}, "answer": "正常产程", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "用阈下刺激即可诱发心肌细胞产生期前收缩的兴奋性周期时相是(  )。", "options": {"A": "相对不应期", "B": "低常期", "C": "局部反应期", "D": "超常期"}, "answer": "超常期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "脓血症最具特征性的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "白细胞计数达20~30×109/L以上", "B": "可出现感染性休克", "C": "转移性脓肿", "D": "病情重而病程短"}, "answer": "转移性脓肿", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.只有一种核酸类型的微生物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "衣原体", "B": "病毒", "C": "支原体", "D": "真菌"}, "answer": "病毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.基本生命中枢位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "延髓", "B": "脑桥", "C": "中脑", "D": "下丘脑"}, "answer": "延髓", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性心肌梗死时不宜溶栓治疗的情况是指同时伴有(  )。", "options": {"A": "6个月前腔隙性脑梗死", "B": "血压160/100mmHg", "C": "主动脉夹层", "D": "萎缩性胃炎1年"}, "answer": "主动脉夹层", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.阵发性室上性心律失常的首选药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尼群地平", "B": "尼莫地平", "C": "硝苯地平", "D": "维拉帕米"}, "answer": "维拉帕米", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "从小鼠的一种有荚膜的致病性肺炎球菌中提取出的DNA,可使另一种无荚膜、不具有致病性的肺炎球菌转变为有荚膜并具致病性的肺炎球菌,而蛋白质、RNA无此作用,由此,可以证明(  )。", "options": {"A": "DNA是遗传物质,蛋白质是遗传信息的体现者", "B": "DNA与蛋白质均是遗传物质", "C": "RNA是遗传物质,DNA和蛋白质是遗传信息的体现者", "D": "DNA和蛋白质是遗传物质,RNA是遗传信息的体现者"}, "answer": "DNA是遗传物质,蛋白质是遗传信息的体现者", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.精脒、精胺的前体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鸟氨酸", "B": "组氨酸", "C": "色氨酸", "D": "苏氨酸"}, "answer": "鸟氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者寒战、高热,伴蓝绿色脓痰,诊断为肺炎,X线显示弥漫支气管炎,可能感染的病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎链球菌", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "C": "铜绿假单胞细胞", "D": "大肠埃希菌"}, "answer": "铜绿假单胞细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,45岁。因急性坏疽性阑尾炎行阑尾切除术后第10天,出现发热,体温39.2℃。伴腹胀、恶心,肛门有下坠感,里急后重,曾排便4次,为黏液样便。2.诊断明确后,除抗感染和支持疗法外,以下处理措施(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部透热理疗", "B": "经直肠穿刺抽液定位后切开引流", "C": "经原麦氏切口进入腹腔引流", "D": "经下腹正中切口进入腹腔引流"}, "answer": "经直肠穿刺抽液定位后切开引流", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "高血压时的肾脏病理变化表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "颗粒型固缩肾", "B": "肾脏单发性贫血性梗死", "C": "肾动脉动脉瘤形成", "D": "肾的多发性大瘢痕形成"}, "answer": "颗粒型固缩肾", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,男,1岁。B型超声检查发现左侧睾丸位于腹股沟管内,经内分泌治疗10周后睾丸仍未下降到阴囊内。下一步治疗的最佳方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "观察", "B": "左睾丸切除术", "C": "近期行左睾丸下降固定术", "D": "3岁后行左睾丸下降固定术"}, "answer": "近期行左睾丸下降固定术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "HBV致病机制(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒蛋白对细胞直接杀伤", "B": "免疫复合物引起Ⅲ型超敏反应", "C": "病毒基因不能整合人细胞", "D": "病毒对机体免疫功能无影响"}, "answer": "免疫复合物引起Ⅲ型超敏反应", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不属于心理评估常用方法的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "实验法", "B": "调查法", "C": "会谈法", "D": "作品分析法"}, "answer": "实验法", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,10岁。1年来不自主反复突然眨眼或急速耸肩,见医生可坚持数分钟不发作。患者症状属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "舞蹈样动作", "B": "失神发作", "C": "精神性发作", "D": "强直性发作"}, "answer": "舞蹈样动作", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.红细胞悬浮稳定性差时,红细胞出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "黏着", "B": "叠连", "C": "凝集", "D": "凝固"}, "answer": "叠连", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,70岁。家中浴室洗澡2小时后,被发现昏迷在浴室内,室内燃气炉取暖,门窗紧闭。查体:昏迷,呼吸不规则,BP 110/70mmHg。现场急救的首要措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "搬离现场", "B": "吸入高浓度氧气", "C": "口对口人工呼吸", "D": "保持呼吸道通畅"}, "answer": "搬离现场", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿乙肝疫苗接种的时间为(  )。", "options": {"A": "0,1,6月", "B": "1,2,6月", "C": "0,2,6月", "D": "0,3,6月"}, "answer": "0,1,6月", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "10个月患儿,轻咳伴发热半天,晚上呕吐4次,不久频泻水样便,初色黄后转白,量多黏液少、无腥臭,尿极少,于10月底就诊。体温39℃,面色苍白,前囟眼窝凹陷,哭泪少,咽充血,心肺无异常,腹稍胀,皮肤弹性减退。1.最可能诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "致病性大肠杆菌肠炎", "B": "产毒性大肠杆菌肠炎", "C": "轮状病毒肠炎", "D": "侵袭性大肠杆菌肠炎"}, "answer": "轮状病毒肠炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对胃、十二指肠黏膜损害最严重的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "非甾体类抗炎药", "B": "肝素", "C": "消炎痛", "D": "水杨酸"}, "answer": "非甾体类抗炎药", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "颅压高压的可靠诊断依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "视乳头水肿", "B": "频繁呕吐", "C": "癫痫发作", "D": "双外展神经麻痹"}, "answer": "视乳头水肿", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项为病人对幻觉的反应?(  )", "options": {"A": "恐惧、愤怒及敌对", "B": "无所谓", "C": "愉快", "D": "以上都对"}, "answer": "以上都对", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在月经周期中,形成雌激素分泌第二个高峰的直接原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "雌激素的正反馈作用", "B": "黄体生成素分泌增加", "C": "卵泡刺激素分泌增加", "D": "雌激素的负反馈作用减弱"}, "answer": "黄体生成素分泌增加", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肉眼血尿反复发作,最常见的肾小球疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "狼疮性肾炎", "B": "IgA肾病", "C": "膜性肾病", "D": "反流性肾病"}, "answer": "IgA肾病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新生儿少尿是指少于(  )。", "options": {"A": "100ml/d", "B": "200ml/d", "C": "300ml/d", "D": "500ml/d"}, "answer": "200ml/d", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在一般情况下,下列哪项为影响舒张压最主要的因素?(  )", "options": {"A": "心率", "B": "每搏输出量", "C": "大动脉弹性", "D": "外周阻力"}, "answer": "外周阻力", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,6岁。身高80cm,智能落后,仅能数1~20个数。体检:皮肤粗糙,毛发干枯,表情呆板,腹隆,四肢短小,骨龄摄片仅有4枚骨化核。2.患儿确诊后治疗应选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "低酮饮食", "B": "生长激素", "C": "甲状腺素", "D": "脑活素、脑复康"}, "answer": "甲状腺素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "惊厥持续状态,制止惊厥首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯巴比妥", "B": "地西泮", "C": "水合氯醛", "D": "苯妥英钠"}, "answer": "地西泮", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,28岁。2小时前摔倒后左肩受伤。X线检查示左盂肱关节失去正常对应关系,未见骨折征象。予手法复位,复位成功的标志是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Mills征阴性", "B": "Dugas征阴性", "C": "方肩", "D": "弹性固定"}, "answer": "Dugas征阴性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,35岁。发热咳嗽2天后出现肉眼血尿,2天后肉眼血尿消失,但6周后尿沉渣镜检RBC 20~30/HP,以变形红细胞为主,尿蛋白阴性,查体未见异常,血压130/80mmHg,血肌酐正常,ANA、ANCA均阴性,C3正常,父母及哥哥体健。2.还应除外的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Alport综合征", "B": "狼疮性肾小球肾炎", "C": "急性肾小球肾炎", "D": "肾癌"}, "answer": "急性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为与有机磷中毒无关的症状?(  )", "options": {"A": "多汗", "B": "瞳孔缩小", "C": "呕吐物有酸酵昧", "D": "唾液多"}, "answer": "呕吐物有酸酵昧", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "人体内非特异性免疫因子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫球蛋白A", "B": "免疫球蛋白G", "C": "免疫球蛋白E", "D": "补体"}, "answer": "补体", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,24岁,因夜间睡眠中受凉后次日出现口角歪斜,左眼闭不上。查体:左口角低,左侧鼓腮不能,左眼睫毛征阳性,左额纹变浅。应首先给予的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尽早使用皮质类固醇激素", "B": "手术疗法", "C": "康复治疗", "D": "碘离子透入"}, "answer": "尽早使用皮质类固醇激素", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.神经细胞动作电位去极相的产生与Na+通道开放有关,这种Na+通道属(  )。", "options": {"A": "电压门控通道", "B": "机械门控通道", "C": "细胞间通道", "D": "电突触"}, "answer": "电压门控通道", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是内毒素的主要成分?(  )", "options": {"A": "肽聚糖", "B": "蛋白质", "C": "脂蛋白", "D": "脂多糖"}, "answer": "脂多糖", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一昼夜人体血液中生长素水平最高出现在(  )。", "options": {"A": "困倦时", "B": "饥饿时", "C": "寒冷时", "D": "熟睡时"}, "answer": "熟睡时", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.链球菌(  )。", "options": {"A": "脓液稠厚,黄色,不臭", "B": "脓液稀薄,淡红色,量多", "C": "脓液有特殊恶臭,对大多数抗菌药物有耐药性", "D": "脓液有恶臭,普通培养无细菌生长"}, "answer": "脓液稀薄,淡红色,量多", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.属于急性风湿热的主要表现可有(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮下结节", "B": "抗“O”>500U", "C": "血沉增快、CRP阳性", "D": "心电图可见ST段下移及T波平坦或倒置"}, "answer": "皮下结节", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "粥样斑块内通常不具有的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤维组织增生伴有透明变", "B": "中性粒细胞", "C": "苏丹Ⅲ染色阳性物质", "D": "泡沫细胞"}, "answer": "中性粒细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗肾病综合征的首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "泼尼松", "B": "甲泼尼龙", "C": "环磷酰胺", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "泼尼松", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "消除支气管哮喘气管炎症最有效的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖皮质激素", "B": "抗组胺药", "C": "β2受体激动药", "D": "色甘酸钠"}, "answer": "糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,12岁,三周前患急性扁桃体炎。突然出现窦性心动过速,心搏微弱,心尖区有收缩期吹风样杂音,实验室检查有链球菌感染,确诊为急性风湿热,除用青霉素控制链球菌感染外,应选哪一种药治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "阿司匹林", "B": "保泰松", "C": "布洛芬", "D": "吲哚美辛"}, "answer": "阿司匹林", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,13岁,满月脸、多血质外貌、向心性肥胖,皮肤紫纹、痤疮、高血压、情绪不稳定、烦躁、易激惹、幻觉状态、四肢肌肉无力、震颤。该病例的诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "肾上腺皮质功能减退所致精神障碍", "C": "肾上腺皮质功能亢进所致精神障碍", "D": "甲状腺功能亢进所致精神障碍"}, "answer": "肾上腺皮质功能亢进所致精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.擅自开办医疗机构行医给患者造成损害的(  )。", "options": {"A": "责令暂停6个月以上1年以下执业活动", "B": "吊销其执业证书", "C": "罚款", "D": "承担赔偿责任"}, "answer": "承担赔偿责任", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "自身免疫病治疗原则中属于免疫调节的方法(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗MHC-Ⅱ类Ag的Ab", "B": "PG抑制剂", "C": "淋巴因子(细胞因子)", "D": "氨基蝶呤"}, "answer": "淋巴因子(细胞因子)", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.正常成年人颅腔的容积(  )。", "options": {"A": "1400~1500ml", "B": "400~600ml", "C": "120~160ml", "D": "60~80ml"}, "answer": "1400~1500ml", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.伦理审查委员会伦理审查的任务是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心理学研究项目", "B": "受试者的知情同意", "C": "受试者的个人隐私", "D": "对生物学研究项目进行伦理审查、检查和监督"}, "answer": "对生物学研究项目进行伦理审查、检查和监督", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心肌坏死的心电图特征性表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "S-ST段水平型下降", "B": "病理性Q波", "C": "T波低平", "D": "ST段抬高呈弓背向上型"}, "answer": "病理性Q波", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,8岁,额部多发性疖肿,未治疗,红肿、扩大,弛张性高热,4天后臀部皮下又发现一肿块,疼痛、压痛明显,且有波动感。2.诊断应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "败血症", "B": "毒血症", "C": "寒性脓肿", "D": "脓毒血症"}, "answer": "脓毒血症", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "溃疡病病理变化镜下观是(  )。", "options": {"A": "坏死层+炎症层", "B": "炎症层+疤痕层", "C": "肉芽组织层+疤痕层", "D": "坏死层+炎症层+肉芽组织层+疤痕层"}, "answer": "坏死层+炎症层+肉芽组织层+疤痕层", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对脑水肿,何者疗效为佳?(  )", "options": {"A": "氢化可的松", "B": "可的松", "C": "去氢化可的松", "D": "地塞米松"}, "answer": "地塞米松", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "6个月女孩,7月中旬,因吐、泻3天入院。大便10~15次/日,呈蛋花汤样,有腥臭气味,尿量极少,前囟、眼窝凹陷,皮肤弹性极差,脉细弱,四肢厥冷,大便偶见白细胞,血清钠125mmol/L。2.最可能的病原菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "B": "产毒性大肠杆菌", "C": "耶尔森菌", "D": "轮状病毒"}, "answer": "产毒性大肠杆菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "最常见的致炎因子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "化学因子", "B": "生物因子", "C": "死组织", "D": "免疫反应"}, "answer": "生物因子", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪一项不是维生素K的适应证(  )。", "options": {"A": "阻塞性黄疸所致出血", "B": "长期使用广谱抗生素", "C": "新生儿出血", "D": "水蛭素应用过量"}, "answer": "水蛭素应用过量", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "胎膜早破的病因不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "钙缺乏", "B": "维生素C缺乏", "C": "病原微生物上行感染", "D": "胎膜受力不均"}, "answer": "钙缺乏", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对病毒性感染进行血清学诊断时,双份血清抗体效价至少增高几倍时,才具有诊断意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "8倍", "B": "4倍", "C": "16倍", "D": "32倍"}, "answer": "4倍", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,65岁。活动时心悸、气短1年余。查体:胸骨左缘第3肋间可闻及舒张期叹气样杂音,向心尖部传导,周围血管征阳性。该患者心界叩诊最可能表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "向左下扩大,心腰凹陷", "B": "向左扩大,心腰饱满", "C": "向右侧扩大", "D": "向两侧扩大"}, "answer": "向左下扩大,心腰凹陷", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "建筑工人不慎坠楼,腰剧痛,双下肢感觉运动障碍,二便功能障碍3.除手术外,伤后早期最重要的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗生素", "B": "止痛剂", "C": "甘露醇与大剂量糖皮质激素", "D": "留置尿管"}, "answer": "甘露醇与大剂量糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "别嘌呤醇抑制(  )的生成。", "options": {"A": "氨", "B": "尿酸", "C": "肌酸", "D": "四氢叶酸"}, "answer": "尿酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,25岁。无诱因突发心悸1小时来诊。查体:BP 130/80mmHg,心率240次/分,律齐。压迫颈动脉窦后心率突然降至70次/分,律齐。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阵发性室上性心动过速", "B": "心动过缓一心动过速综合征", "C": "室性心动过速", "D": "窦性心动过速"}, "answer": "阵发性室上性心动过速", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.属于责任事故的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "贻误诊治和抢救时机造成危害后果", "B": "因不熟练,手术中误伤大血管造成大出血死亡", "C": "发生难以预料的医疗后果", "D": "发生无法避免的医疗后果"}, "answer": "贻误诊治和抢救时机造成危害后果", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.γ-氨基丁酸的前体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鸟氨酸", "B": "谷氨酸", "C": "组氨酸", "D": "色氨酸"}, "answer": "谷氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "扩张型心肌病的主要临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心音减弱", "B": "左室明显扩大", "C": "第三心音或第四心音", "D": "下肢水肿"}, "answer": "左室明显扩大", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "成人,体重60kg,烧伤,于下午4时,送入医院急诊室。查体:意识清,能合作,心率100次/分,血压120/84mmHg,面部、胸、腹部,两前臂、两手及两小腿和足部Ⅱ、Ⅲ度烧伤。下午5时开始静脉输液,6时入手术室、清创,晚上8时送病房。2.烧伤后第一个24h应补给胶、晶体液计算量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "6800ml", "B": "6200ml", "C": "5600ml", "D": "6000ml"}, "answer": "6200ml", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.表示有传染性的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗HBs", "B": "HBeAg", "C": "抗HBe", "D": "抗HBc"}, "answer": "HBeAg", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,58岁,突然头痛、呕吐、意识不清5小时入院。体检:血压195/90mmHg,浅昏迷,左瞳孔稍大,右侧鼻唇沟浅,右上、下肢不全瘫;右侧Babinski征阳性。2.下列哪项为最重要的治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "安静", "B": "通畅呼吸", "C": "降压药", "D": "脱水剂"}, "answer": "脱水剂", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "确诊流行性脑脊髓膜炎最可靠的根据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高热、头痛、呕吐", "B": "脑膜刺激征(+)", "C": "脑脊液符合化脓性脑膜炎改变", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "以上都不是", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于囊虫病的描述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是猪肉绦虫或牛肉绦虫的囊尾蚴寄生于人体所致", "B": "囊尾蚴结节因寄生部位不同而形态各异", "C": "囊尾蚴结节的囊壁分为皮层、细胞核层、实质层三层", "D": "位于颅底脑室处的葡萄状囊尾蚴不含头节"}, "answer": "是猪肉绦虫或牛肉绦虫的囊尾蚴寄生于人体所致", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "正常摸到足背动脉搏动的位置在(  )。", "options": {"A": "胫骨前肌腱的内侧", "B": "内踝前方", "C": "长伸肌腱的内侧", "D": "长伸肌腱的外侧"}, "answer": "长伸肌腱的外侧", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是胆固醇合成的关键酶?(  )", "options": {"A": "枸橼酸裂解酶", "B": "HMG-CoA裂解酶", "C": "HMG-CoA还原酶", "D": "鲨烯合酶"}, "answer": "HMG-CoA还原酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,22岁,近1年来专注于自身体重,采取各种措施节食。体重已降至标准体重的75%以下。近3个月来闭经,查体可见严重营养不良。2.最佳治疗方案为(  )。", "options": {"A": "躯体支持疗法,认知、行为治疗,适当使用抗抑郁剂或抗焦虑剂", "B": "森田疗法,输液或鼻饲补充营养,内分泌治疗", "C": "支持性心理治疗,抗精神病药治疗", "D": "精神分析,高蛋白饮食,卧床休息"}, "answer": "躯体支持疗法,认知、行为治疗,适当使用抗抑郁剂或抗焦虑剂", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "钩端螺旋体病的主要流行季节是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2~5月", "B": "3~6月", "C": "6~10月", "D": "10~12月"}, "answer": "6~10月", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有婴儿,11个月,腕部X线片示骨骺端临时钙化带消失,呈杯口状、毛刷状改变,血清钙1.85mmol/L(7.4mg/d1)、磷1.8mmol/L(5.8mg/d1)、碱性磷酸酶40U(布氏)。下述哪一项不是骨样组织堆积所致?(  )", "options": {"A": "脚镯", "B": "手镯", "C": "肋串珠", "D": "肋膈沟"}, "answer": "肋膈沟", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "月经周期中控制排卵发生的关键因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "孕激素高峰", "B": "卵泡刺激素高峰", "C": "黄体生成素高峰", "D": "促性腺激素释放激素高峰"}, "answer": "黄体生成素高峰", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于典型的原发综合征,“双极”病变的描述,以下错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管淋巴结结核", "B": "引导初染病灶至淋巴结之间的淋巴结炎", "C": "初染病灶邻近的胸膜炎", "D": "病灶侧肺野浸润灶"}, "answer": "病灶侧肺野浸润灶", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,32岁。反复胸痛半年,进行性活动后呼吸困难2个月,否认慢性咳嗽、咳痰及心脏病史。查体:BP 120/80mmHg,双肺呼吸音低,未闻及干湿啰音,P2>A2,三尖瓣区可闻及3/6级收缩期杂音,剑突下可见心脏搏动。右侧脚水肿。为确定诊断最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CT肺动脉造影", "B": "肺通气功能", "C": "血气分析", "D": "超声心动图"}, "answer": "超声心动图", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.胃溃疡边缘黏膜上皮增生并有明显的异型性改变(  )。", "options": {"A": "幽门梗阻", "B": "大便隐血试验阳性", "C": "慢性穿孔", "D": "癌变"}, "answer": "癌变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "风湿性疾病指(  )。", "options": {"A": "累及关节及周围软组织的一大类疾病", "B": "嗜酸粒细胞增多的一类疾病", "C": "过敏性疾病", "D": "血尿酸增高的一组疾病"}, "answer": "累及关节及周围软组织的一大类疾病", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,65岁。晨起出现讲话不清,右侧肢体无力,2日后病情渐加重。血压148/80mmHg,意识清,Broca失语,右侧偏瘫。完全不考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑栓塞", "B": "腔隙性梗死", "C": "短暂脑缺血发作", "D": "脑出血"}, "answer": "短暂脑缺血发作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,自幼常发生黄疸,贫血检查证实为遗传性球形细胞增多症,治疗最好采用(  )。", "options": {"A": "反复多次少量输血", "B": "糖皮质激素", "C": "脾切除", "D": "可不必治疗"}, "answer": "脾切除", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.癌细胞局限于中小导管内,管壁基底膜完整(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺导管内原位癌", "B": "乳腺小叶原位癌", "C": "Paget病", "D": "乳腺炎样癌"}, "answer": "乳腺导管内原位癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于暴发型流行性脑炎,下列哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "常见周围循环衰竭", "B": "高热、头痛,伴呕吐", "C": "皮肤黏膜广泛瘀点、瘀斑", "D": "蜘蛛膜下腔大量脓细胞"}, "answer": "蜘蛛膜下腔大量脓细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,71岁,因脑供血不足住院,住院期间整夜不眠,时常自言自语,在床边摸索,上述症状持续l周后,病情加重,出现情绪紧张,恐惧,严重时不能辨别家人,不认识管床医生,此病人的诊断考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿尔茨海默病", "B": "反应性精神障碍", "C": "柯萨可夫综合征", "D": "谵妄状态"}, "answer": "谵妄状态", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,9岁,眼睑浮肿4天,近2日加重,浮肿渐及全身,尿少,今晨感觉上腹部不适,频咳、气急。查体:体温37.5℃,眼睑及下肢浮肿,血压150/100mmHg,心率116次/分,心音钝,两肺闻及水泡音,肝肋下2.0cm。尿常规:蛋白质(++),红细胞20~30个/HP,血尿素氮6mmol/L。2.该病急性期应卧床休息至(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗“O”恢复正常", "B": "血沉降至正常", "C": "肉眼血尿消失,血压正常", "D": "镜下血尿消失,浮肿消退"}, "answer": "肉眼血尿消失,血压正常", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.接种过伤寒疫苗后(  )。", "options": {"A": "肥达反应:O抗体增高,H抗体增高", "B": "肥达反应:O抗体不高,H抗体增高", "C": "肥达反应:O抗体不高,H抗体不高", "D": "副伤寒沙门菌O抗体增高"}, "answer": "肥达反应:O抗体不高,H抗体增高", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,21岁,近3个月来变得孤僻独处,不愿去上班。问其原因则说:报纸和广播都在议论她,报上登载某儿童的事是指她幼年的事,并说街上不相识的行人一举一动也都在针对她,同事们也在指桑骂槐、含沙射影地讥讽她,意思是说她不好好干活……这位病人的精神症状很可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "幻听", "B": "关系妄想", "C": "被害妄想", "D": "错觉"}, "answer": "关系妄想", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,37岁,Ⅰ度烧伤50%,Ⅱ度烧伤5%,用青霉素、链霉素治疗4天后,骤起寒战、高热(39.5~40℃),烦躁,腹胀,血压下降,白细胞计数34×109/L,分类见中幼与晚幼粒细胞。应考虑可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "链球菌败血症", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌败血症", "C": "脓血症", "D": "绿脓杆菌败血症"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌败血症", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,64岁。反复发作上腹部疼痛4年,近2天上腹绞痛,伴发热、寒战,皮肤巩膜黄染。2.该病最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肿瘤", "B": "结石", "C": "蛔虫", "D": "炎症"}, "answer": "结石", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,50岁,因患短肠综合征,予全胃肠外营养治疗。应用1周时患者出现昏迷,但尿内无酮体。患者既往曾有空腹血糖高(11mmol/L)。1.此患者的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高渗性非酮性昏迷", "B": "肝性昏迷", "C": "导管感染败血症", "D": "糖尿病昏迷"}, "answer": "高渗性非酮性昏迷", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,2岁,发热1天出现皮疹,为红色斑丘疹,由面部开始,一日遍及全身,伴枕部、耳后及颈部淋巴结肿大,诊断最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "风疹", "B": "麻疹", "C": "猩红热", "D": "荨麻疹"}, "answer": "风疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,3岁,眼睑及双下肢明显浮肿,少尿l周。查体:精神状态尚好,眼睑浮肿,双下肢呈凹陷性水肿,血压90/60mmHg,心肺正常。尿常规:蛋白质(+++),红细胞0~3个/HP。血浆总蛋白45g/L,清蛋白22g/L。抗“O”正常,C3补体正常,胆固醇11.2mmol/L。1.该患儿诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾炎性肾病", "B": "单纯性肾病", "C": "急性肾炎", "D": "病毒性肾炎"}, "answer": "单纯性肾病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.患者,男,28岁。不洁性接触3天。尿道口发痒、红肿及刺痛,流脓性分泌物。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋菌性尿道炎", "B": "支原体或衣原体性尿道炎", "C": "急性前列腺炎", "D": "尿道癌"}, "answer": "淋菌性尿道炎", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,64岁。突发剧烈心前区疼痛,胸闷,气憋,心界向左扩大,心尖区Ⅲ级吹风样收缩期杂音,心率90次/分,律不齐。双肺底湿性啰音。心电图示Ⅰ、aVL、V5、V6导联ST段抬高,Ⅰ、aVL导联有异常Q波,室性期前收缩,血清CK-MB 200U。1.应该诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性心包炎,肺部感染", "B": "急性前侧壁心肌梗死", "C": "扩张型心肌病、心力衰竭", "D": "风湿性心脏病二尖瓣关闭不全"}, "answer": "急性前侧壁心肌梗死", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "攻击肿瘤细胞最有效的活性物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙型溶素", "B": "补体", "C": "细胞因子", "D": "IgG"}, "answer": "细胞因子", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "艾滋病高危人群不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "男同性恋者", "B": "性乱交者", "C": "长期应用免疫抑制剂者", "D": "血友病患者"}, "answer": "长期应用免疫抑制剂者", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.副作用为肝损害、关节痛(  )。", "options": {"A": "异烟肼", "B": "乙胺丁醇", "C": "链霉素", "D": "吡嗪酰胺"}, "answer": "吡嗪酰胺", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.非蛋白性凝血因子(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅻ因子", "B": "Ⅷ因子", "C": "Ⅲ因子", "D": "Ⅳ因子"}, "answer": "Ⅳ因子", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.桡神经损伤多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肱骨髁上伸直型骨折", "B": "肱骨干骨折", "C": "桡骨远端骨折", "D": "锁骨骨折"}, "answer": "肱骨干骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "骨髓巨核细胞减少见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "缺铁性贫血", "B": "血友病", "C": "ITP", "D": "急慢性再障"}, "answer": "急慢性再障", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,29岁,长期乏力求医。血红蛋白77g/L,平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度26%,平均红细胞体积63μm3。网织红细胞计数2.0%,血清铁5μmol/L(280μg/L),总铁结合力4980μg/L。1.诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溶血性贫血", "B": "再生障碍性贫血", "C": "缺铁性贫血", "D": "慢性炎症性贫血"}, "answer": "缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "《母婴保健法》规定,对于依法接受终止妊娠或者结扎手术的,应当给予(  )。", "options": {"A": "有偿服务", "B": "免费服务", "C": "酌情收费服务", "D": "酌情免费服务"}, "answer": "免费服务", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "为提高脓毒症血培养的阳性率,抽血的最佳时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "寒战发热后", "B": "寒战发热时", "C": "寒战发热前", "D": "每天早晨"}, "answer": "寒战发热时", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "可经肠道感染的传染病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "钩端螺旋体病", "B": "血吸虫病", "C": "伤寒", "D": "斑疹伤寒"}, "answer": "伤寒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项不符合先天性甲状腺功能减低症的辅助检查表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "心电图P—R间期延长,T波平坦", "B": "TSH可升高", "C": "骨骼X线片示骨龄提前", "D": "T4降低,TSH升高"}, "answer": "骨骼X线片示骨龄提前", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "血吸虫虫卵引起的病变主要发生在何种部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "大肠壁和肝脏", "B": "肠系膜静脉", "C": "肝门静脉", "D": "肺和肠"}, "answer": "大肠壁和肝脏", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "建筑工人不慎坠楼,腰剧痛,双下肢感觉运动障碍,二便功能障碍。2.经X线平片检查,诊断为胸腰段屈曲型压缩骨折合并脊髓损伤。为进一步明确骨折片向椎管内的移位情况,下列检查最有价值的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CT", "B": "ECT", "C": "脊髓造影", "D": "X线断层摄影"}, "answer": "CT", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "物理致癌因素不包括哪一项?(  )", "options": {"A": "氮芥", "B": "放射性核素", "C": "γ射线", "D": "β粒子"}, "answer": "氮芥", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.肺炎支原体肺炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "喘憋为突出表现", "B": "咳频、喘憋、发绀", "C": "全身中毒症状明显,重者意识障碍甚至休克", "D": "刺激性咳嗽为突出表现"}, "answer": "刺激性咳嗽为突出表现", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "重度脱水,其失水量约为体重的(  )。", "options": {"A": "1%~5%", "B": "5%", "C": "10%", "D": ">10%"}, "answer": ">10%", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.卵泡早期分泌量少,排卵前达到高峰,以后降低,排卵后期再度增高的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卵泡刺激素", "B": "雌激素", "C": "孕激素", "D": "催乳激素"}, "answer": "雌激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "麻疹合并肺炎者应隔离至(  )。", "options": {"A": "出疹后3天", "B": "出疹后5天", "C": "出疹后10天", "D": "肺炎痊愈"}, "answer": "出疹后10天", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "基本转录因子中直接识别、结合TA—TA盒的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "TFⅡA", "B": "TFⅡB", "C": "TFⅡD", "D": "TFⅡE"}, "answer": "TFⅡD", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下哪项不符合急性肾炎重症病例的临床表现(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏扩大,心率增快,奔马律", "B": "呼吸增快,端坐呼吸,肺底细小湿啰音", "C": "剧烈头痛,恶心呕吐,惊厥或昏迷", "D": "肉眼血尿,可呈洗肉水样"}, "answer": "肉眼血尿,可呈洗肉水样", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "疑病症与精神分裂症的鉴别主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "后者疑病内容常离奇、不固定,前者多较固定", "B": "后者有思维障碍及幻觉、妄想,前者无妄想", "C": "后者缺乏自知力,不积极求治,前者积极主动求治", "D": "以上均是"}, "answer": "以上均是", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,60岁。被家人发现其昏迷在浴室内,浴室使用的是燃气热水器。急诊入院。查体:皮肤潮红,瞳孔大小正常,口唇樱桃红色。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿托品中毒", "B": "一氧化碳中毒", "C": "乙醇中毒", "D": "安眠药中毒"}, "answer": "一氧化碳中毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,50岁。近5年来逐渐出现活动后心悸、气短。查体:心尖部可闻及舒张期隆隆样杂音。2.进一步查体发现心尖部S1亢进,可闻及开瓣音,提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "病变瓣膜弹性良好", "B": "病变瓣膜钙化", "C": "肺梗死", "D": "病变瓣膜赘生物形成"}, "answer": "病变瓣膜弹性良好", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "12岁男孩。低热颈痛数月伴吞咽不适感.检查颈部旋转受限,X线侧位片可见寰椎向前脱位.咽后壁增宽。其诊断最大可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "外伤性寰椎脱位", "B": "咽后壁脓肿", "C": "寰枢椎畸形", "D": "寰枢椎结核"}, "answer": "寰枢椎结核", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项含有高能磷酸键的糖代谢中间产物?(  )", "options": {"A": "3-磷酸甘油醛", "B": "磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸", "C": "磷酸二羟丙酮", "D": "6-磷酸葡萄糖"}, "answer": "磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "鉴别腹股沟斜疝或直疝最有意义的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "疝块的形状", "B": "疝块是否进入阴囊", "C": "还纳疝内容后,压住内环,增加腹压时,疝内容物是否脱出", "D": "单侧或双侧"}, "answer": "还纳疝内容后,压住内环,增加腹压时,疝内容物是否脱出", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.学龄儿童少尿的标准(  )。", "options": {"A": "每日尿量<400ml", "B": "每日尿量<200ml", "C": "每日尿量<100ml", "D": "每日尿量<30~50ml"}, "answer": "每日尿量<400ml", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "DNA是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脱氧核糖核酸", "B": "脱氧核糖核苷", "C": "脱氧核糖核苷酸", "D": "核糖核苷酸"}, "answer": "脱氧核糖核酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列符合恶性高血压特征性病理变化的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾入球小动脉玻璃样变", "B": "肾细动脉壁纤维素样坏死", "C": "肾动脉瘤", "D": "肾小球纤维化"}, "answer": "肾细动脉壁纤维素样坏死", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某肝癌患者病情已到晚期,处于极度痛苦之中,自认为是肝硬化,寄希望于治疗,病情进展和疼痛发作时,多次要求医生给以明确叙述和治疗措施。此时,医生最佳的伦理选择应该是(  )。", "options": {"A": "正确对待保密与讲真话的关系,经家属同意后告知实情,重点减轻病痛", "B": "依据知情同意原则,应该告知病人所有信息", "C": "遵循病人自主原则,全面满足病人要求", "D": "恪守保密原则,继续隐瞒病情,直至患者病死"}, "answer": "正确对待保密与讲真话的关系,经家属同意后告知实情,重点减轻病痛", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在人本主义治疗技术中最重要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "表达", "B": "分析", "C": "同情", "D": "倾听"}, "answer": "倾听", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "轻微病变性肾小球肾炎的主要病理特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小管上皮脂肪变性和坏死", "B": "肾小球系膜细胞增生", "C": "肾小球球囊壁层上皮细胞增生", "D": "肾小球球囊脏层上皮细胞足突融合"}, "answer": "肾小球球囊脏层上皮细胞足突融合", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "Killip分级,心功能Ⅱ级指(  )。", "options": {"A": "未闻及肺部啰音和第三心音", "B": "肺部有啰音,但啰音的范围小于1/2肺野", "C": "肺部有啰音,且啰音的范围大于1/2肺野(肺水肿)", "D": "肺部可闻及散在的哮鸣音"}, "answer": "肺部有啰音,但啰音的范围小于1/2肺野", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "向一孤僻、忧郁、被动的病人讲明,每当能主动接触人、与人亲切交谈时,就给他几枚代币,他可用代币换取他所喜爱的物品。经过一段时间,病人原有症状逐渐消失。这种疗法属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "条件操作法", "B": "系统脱敏疗法", "C": "自我调整疗法", "D": "厌恶疗法"}, "answer": "条件操作法", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪个参数最能表示药物的安全性?(  )", "options": {"A": "极量", "B": "最小有效量", "C": "半数致死量", "D": "治疗指数"}, "answer": "治疗指数", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪一项是腺瘤的特征?(  )", "options": {"A": "具有分泌功能", "B": "有导管结构", "C": "浸润性生长", "D": "细胞异型性明显"}, "answer": "具有分泌功能", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男性,出生时Apgar评分4分,生后2天,嗜睡,肌张力减退,瞳孔缩小,时而出现惊厥,头颅CT扫描可见右叶有低密度影。1.该患儿临床诊断最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿蛛网膜下腔出血", "B": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病", "C": "新生儿窒息", "D": "新生儿硬膜下出血"}, "answer": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医疗保健机构为公民提供的婚前保健服务包括下述哪项内容?(  )", "options": {"A": "婚前遗传指导、婚前卫生咨询、婚前医学检查", "B": "婚前卫生指导、婚前卫生咨询、婚前医学检查", "C": "婚前卫生指导、婚前卫生咨询、婚前遗传检查", "D": "婚前卫生指导、婚前健康咨询、婚前遗传检查"}, "answer": "婚前卫生指导、婚前卫生咨询、婚前医学检查", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.缺乏维生素B12(  )。", "options": {"A": "大细胞高色素贫血", "B": "正细胞正色素贫血", "C": "小细胞低色素贫血", "D": "大细胞低色素贫血"}, "answer": "大细胞高色素贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.一位妊娠5个月的妇女,空腹血糖为11mmol/L,除用饮食控制外,可选用的药物治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯磺丙脲", "B": "胰岛素", "C": "优降糖", "D": "降糖灵"}, "answer": "胰岛素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "结核性腹膜炎的抗结核治疗,下列哪项错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "治疗的关键是及早给予合理、足够的抗结核化学药物治疗", "B": "渗出型病变不易控制", "C": "加强抗结核化疗的联合应用,并适当延长抗结核的疗程", "D": "如有大量腹水,可适当放腹水以减轻症状"}, "answer": "渗出型病变不易控制", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,34岁,反复咳喘1个月就诊,有过敏性鼻炎5年。双肺散在哮鸣音。肺功示阻塞通气障碍。FEV1改善率23%,对控制病症进程最主要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "茶碱缓释片", "B": "吸入激素", "C": "H1受体拮抗剂", "D": "长期β受体拮抗剂"}, "answer": "吸入激素", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胰岛素分子由两条肽链组成,其A链和B链的连接靠(  )。", "options": {"A": "肽键", "B": "氢键", "C": "二硫键", "D": "离子键"}, "answer": "二硫键", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "早期胃癌指(  )。", "options": {"A": "局限于胃窦部", "B": "局限于粘膜或粘膜下层", "C": "尚无淋巴结转移", "D": "尚未侵及浆膜层"}, "answer": "局限于粘膜或粘膜下层", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以下哪项是嫌色性(不嗜色性)垂体瘤典型的临床表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "偏瘫、视乳头水肿", "B": "性机能减退或消失、肢端肥大症", "C": "头痛、抽搐、视力障碍", "D": "视力下降、性机能减退或消失,双颞侧偏盲"}, "answer": "视力下降、性机能减退或消失,双颞侧偏盲", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "以下哪项不是风湿热的主要临床表现(  )。", "options": {"A": "游走性、多发性、大关节炎", "B": "心脏炎", "C": "舞蹈病", "D": "白细胞增多及血沉明显增快"}, "answer": "白细胞增多及血沉明显增快", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.能够限制嗜碱性粒细胞在速发型过敏反应中的作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "嗜酸性粒细胞", "B": "单核细胞", "C": "T淋巴细胞", "D": "B淋巴细胞"}, "answer": "嗜酸性粒细胞", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.病人无根据的认为自己感染了可怕的病毒,大脑已被吞噬,将不久于人世(  )。", "options": {"A": "夸大妄想", "B": "关系妄想", "C": "自罪妄想", "D": "疑病妄想"}, "answer": "疑病妄想", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "抗体抗病毒的机制不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "在补体参与下裂解病毒", "B": "阻止病毒吸附易感细胞", "C": "增强干扰素的抗病毒作用", "D": "阻止病毒穿过血-脑脊液屏障"}, "answer": "增强干扰素的抗病毒作用", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "属于工作相关疾病的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "职业有关抑郁症", "B": "职业性铅中毒", "C": "职业性苯中毒", "D": "工伤"}, "answer": "职业有关抑郁症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,30岁,持续发热10天。体检:精神萎靡,反应淡漠,体温39.5℃,心率70次/分,肝肋下未触及,脾肋下2cm。化验:WBC 1.4×109/L,N 60%,L 40%,肥达氏反应O 1:80(+),H 1:160(+),ALT 180μmol/L,总胆红素22.2μmol/L。1.该病例最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性黄疸型肝炎", "B": "伤寒", "C": "斑疹伤寒", "D": "G-杆菌败血症"}, "answer": "伤寒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.先露为头,胎背在左后方,右下腹触到胎肢,右下腹近中线处胎心最清晰(  )。", "options": {"A": "右枕后", "B": "右枕前", "C": "左枕前", "D": "左枕后"}, "answer": "左枕后", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3岁先天性心脏病患儿,平时无发绀,来院就诊。心导管检查:右心房血氧含量较上下腔静脉平均血氧含量高1.9Vol/dl,胸部X线检查:右房右室增大,肺动脉段突出。3.为明确诊断超声彩色多普勒血流显示最可靠的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "三尖瓣口血流增快", "B": "示心房水平左向右分流束", "C": "示心室水平左向右分流束", "D": "肺动脉出现湍流"}, "answer": "示心房水平左向右分流束", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "病毒在体内传播可通过的途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎盘或产道传播", "B": "沿神经传播", "C": "水平传播", "D": "消化道传播"}, "answer": "沿神经传播", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于社区卫生服务的理解,下列错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "以人的健康为中心", "B": "以一二级预防为主", "C": "以家庭为单位开展", "D": "服务方式是以三甲医院服务为主"}, "answer": "服务方式是以三甲医院服务为主", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某男患者,23岁,被确诊为再生障碍性贫血而住入某院。患者认为“再生障碍性贫血”是不治之症而拒绝一切治疗措施,甚至摔碎注射器。医务人员始终保持积极、耐心、和蔼的态度,一方面反复开导,讲解有关知识,陈述利害关系,一方面精心治疗,获得病人信任。在病人主动配合下,通过中西医结合治疗,使病人好转出院。这个病人出院至今已生存20余年,并建立了幸福的家庭。2.在这个病人的治愈过程中,下列哪项叙述不恰当?(  )", "options": {"A": "医务人员通过教育和疏导,变病人的顽固拒医行为为积极求医行为,变病人消极悲观态度为积极乐观态度,是诊治成功的关键", "B": "打动病人心灵,改变病人态度,是医务人员的道德责任", "C": "医务人员的权威性是至高无上的", "D": "把病人的思想工作放在首位是恰当的"}, "answer": "医务人员的权威性是至高无上的", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "类风湿关节炎的临床特点不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "类风湿因子常阳性", "B": "晨僵持续时间大于1小时", "C": "反复发作虹膜睫状体炎", "D": "多关节、小关节受累"}, "answer": "反复发作虹膜睫状体炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.易复性腹股沟斜疝,疝修补术伤口属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "清洁伤口", "B": "感染伤口", "C": "一期愈合", "D": "二期愈合"}, "answer": "清洁伤口", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肺结核的传染源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "排菌肺结核病人的痰", "B": "排菌肺结核病人的尿", "C": "排菌肺结核病人的血液", "D": "排菌肺结核病人的胸液"}, "answer": "排菌肺结核病人的痰", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者,查:血小板10×109/L。2.若经足量的皮质激素治疗6个月后,查:血小板20×109/L.进一步治疗应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫抑制剂", "B": "脾切除", "C": "输血小板", "D": "抗纤溶药物"}, "answer": "脾切除", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某男青年,因心爱的女朋友提出与其终止恋爱关系时,采取了报复行为,毁了女孩的面容,这种由爱变成恨的情绪变化是因为情绪具有(  )。", "options": {"A": "短暂性", "B": "两极性", "C": "复杂性", "D": "持久性"}, "answer": "复杂性", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,28岁,突然出现剧烈头痛、恶心和呕吐、意识清、四肢无瘫痪、颈项有阻力。为鉴别其为蛛网膜下腔出血,还是化脓性脑膜炎,宜采用下列哪种方法?(  )", "options": {"A": "颅脑CT扫描", "B": "反复测量体温", "C": "血白细胞总数和分类检查", "D": "腰椎穿刺查脑脊液"}, "answer": "腰椎穿刺查脑脊液", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3岁女孩,因生长发育瘦小,肤色及口唇较黯,怀疑有先天性心脏病就诊。3.假如该患儿半年后因不规则发热,头痛3周,偶伴呕吐,又来诊。体检:除心脏原体征外,咽充血,扁桃体Ⅱ度肿大伴黄白色渗出,右Barbinski征阳性。血WBC 18×109/L,N 0.86.L 0.14。诊断考虑合并(  )。", "options": {"A": "渗出性扁桃体炎", "B": "脑脓肿", "C": "脑栓塞", "D": "肺部感染"}, "answer": "脑脓肿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.8岁小儿重度贫血的诊断指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HB>120g/L", "B": "HB<90g/L", "C": "HB<60g/L", "D": "HB<30g/L"}, "answer": "HB<60g/L", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.典型苯丙酮尿症(  )。", "options": {"A": "染色体畸变", "B": "苯丙氨酸羟化酶缺乏", "C": "氨基己糖苷酸缺乏", "D": "甲状腺发育异常"}, "answer": "苯丙氨酸羟化酶缺乏", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "县医院接乡下电话,急要救护车接产后大出血病人,院值班干部通知了司机,便没再催促。司机接通知后,称风小些再去。病人家属着急,在要车40min后,在公路上截了一辆农用四轮车拉到县医院,20min到县医院,门诊医生直接送到病房,病房医生按失血休克紧急处置,30min病人死亡。此事故的责任主体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "值班干部", "B": "救护车司机", "C": "门诊医生", "D": "病房医生"}, "answer": "救护车司机", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "婴儿总能量的每日需要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "95kcal/kg", "B": "100kcal/kg", "C": "105kcal/kg", "D": "110kcal/kg"}, "answer": "110kcal/kg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "10个月患者,轻咳伴发热半天,晚上呕吐4次,不久频泻水样便,初色黄后转白,量多黏液少、无腥臭,尿极少,于10月底就诊。体温39℃,面色苍白,前囟眼窝凹陷,哭泪少,咽充血,心肺无异常,腹稍胀,皮肤弹性减退。1.最可能诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "致病性大肠杆菌肠炎", "B": "产毒性大肠杆菌肠炎", "C": "轮状病毒肠炎", "D": "诺沃克病毒肠炎"}, "answer": "轮状病毒肠炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小量阿司匹林预防血栓形成的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制TXA2的合成", "B": "抑制磷脂酶", "C": "抑制凝血酶原", "D": "减少花生四烯酸的合成"}, "answer": "抑制TXA2的合成", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.以系统妄想为主要症状,内容较固定,有一定的现实基础,主要表现为被害、嫉妒、钟情等内容的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "偏执型分裂症", "B": "紧张型分裂症", "C": "妄想性障碍", "D": "急性短暂性精神障碍"}, "answer": "妄想性障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,14个月,稽留高热2周。咳嗽较剧,喘憋和发绀明显,左肺下叩之发浊,听诊呼吸音减弱,腹涨明显,肠鸣音消失,胸部X片示左肺下可见大片状阴影。白细胞5.3×109/L,淋巴细胞占0.77。该病例最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "革兰阴性杆菌肺炎合并中毒性肠麻痹", "B": "葡萄球菌肺炎合并中毒性肠麻痹", "C": "革兰阴性杆菌肺炎合并心衰", "D": "腺病毒肺炎合并中毒性肠麻痹"}, "answer": "腺病毒肺炎合并中毒性肠麻痹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "初孕妇,26岁。妊娠38周,自觉胎动减少10小时入院。入院后B超检查提示羊水水平段5cm,无应激试验反应型,此时正确的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "间歇吸氧并严密观察", "B": "复查无应激试验", "C": "静脉滴注缩宫素", "D": "米索前列醇引产"}, "answer": "间歇吸氧并严密观察", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,30岁,餐后突发右上腹及剑突下痛,放射到右肩及后背部,2h后疼痛剧烈,伴恶心,并吐出所进食物。仍不缓解,急诊就医。数年“胃病”史及胆石症历史,间有胆绞痛发作,查体:痛苦病容,体温37.2℃,呼吸28/min,浅快,律齐;全腹胀,上腹肌紧张,压痛反跳痛(+);移动性浊音(±)。白细胞12×109/L,血红蛋白125g/L,尿淀粉酶400U(温氏法正常值32U)。2.排除该项诊断的最主要根据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "患者有持续腹痛", "B": "尿淀粉酶轻度升高", "C": "上腹部存在肌紧张、反跳痛", "D": "患者体温轻度高"}, "answer": "上腹部存在肌紧张、反跳痛", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "L4~5椎间盘突出,最常受累的神经根是(  )。", "options": {"A": "L2", "B": "L3", "C": "L4", "D": "L5"}, "answer": "L5", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,75岁。痰中带血1个月余。吸烟10年,50支/天。胸部X线片:右肺门肿块伴右上肺不张,支气管镜见右上肺开口内新生物。2.该患者肺癌的病理类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鳞癌", "B": "腺癌", "C": "小细胞癌", "D": "肺泡细胞癌"}, "answer": "鳞癌", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,78岁,体重60kg。全胃切除术后6天,大量肠液自腹腔引流管引出,左上腹疼痛。体检:左上腹轻压痛,无肌紧张。1.首选的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急诊手术", "B": "给肠外营养液", "C": "要素饮食", "D": "普通饮食"}, "answer": "给肠外营养液", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5.闭眼困难(  )。", "options": {"A": "动眼神经损害", "B": "外展神经损害", "C": "面神经损害", "D": "舌下神经损害"}, "answer": "面神经损害", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有关激素水平的测定正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使用放免和酶免法,随时可取血测定", "B": "24小时尿中激素浓度的测定受影响更少", "C": "激素水平高于或低于正常一定提示功能异常", "D": "激素分泌与体位无关"}, "answer": "24小时尿中激素浓度的测定受影响更少", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.同一胚层分化成熟组织转化为另一成熟组织的过程称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "化生", "B": "机化", "C": "再生", "D": "增生"}, "answer": "化生", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "治疗化脓性脑膜炎,选择易透过血脑屏障的药物,以哪一种抗生素为最好?(  )", "options": {"A": "氨苄西林", "B": "青霉素", "C": "氯霉素", "D": "先锋霉素"}, "answer": "氯霉素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.强心苷的负性频率作用可表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "心电图P—P(或R—R)间期延长", "B": "心电图Q—T间期缩短", "C": "心电图Q—T间期延长", "D": "心电图P—R间期延长"}, "answer": "心电图P—P(或R—R)间期延长", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.胆盐在小肠内聚合形成的颗粒称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "食糜", "B": "微胶粒", "C": "混合微胶粒", "D": "脂肪微粒"}, "answer": "微胶粒", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.提示二度Ⅰ型房室传导阻滞的心电图表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "出现f波", "B": "PR间期逐渐延长,QRS波周期性脱落", "C": "刺激迷走神经后心室率明显加快伴心律不齐", "D": "出现F波"}, "answer": "PR间期逐渐延长,QRS波周期性脱落", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "腹部闭合性损伤患者伴休克,腹部穿刺抽出不凝血。2.应采取的治疗原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "输血补液,并用升压药物抗休克", "B": "抗休克待血压好转后手术", "C": "抗休克同时手术", "D": "用大量止血药物不手术"}, "answer": "抗休克同时手术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪一项因素与阴道自净作用无关?(  )", "options": {"A": "宫颈黏液", "B": "阴道内的乳杆菌", "C": "阴道黏膜上皮糖原含量", "D": "阴道pH"}, "answer": "宫颈黏液", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "牛乳与人乳比较最大的缺点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "牛乳含较多的酪蛋白", "B": "牛乳中缺乏脂肪酶", "C": "牛乳中缺乏各种免疫因子", "D": "牛乳易为细菌污染"}, "answer": "牛乳中缺乏各种免疫因子", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,31岁。持续性头痛6天,自觉后枕部紧箍样疼痛,无恶心、畏声和畏光。查体:T 36.5℃,BP 120/70mmHg,眼压无异常,张口颞颌关节无弹响,双颞肌和枕肌明显压痛,余神经系统检查无异常。脑MRI无异常。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈椎病", "B": "血管性头痛", "C": "紧张性头痛", "D": "颞颌关节紊乱"}, "answer": "紧张性头痛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "符合DNA碱基组成的叙述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "同一个体不同组织碱基组成不同", "B": "同一个体成年期与少儿期碱基组成不同", "C": "同一个体在不同营养状态下碱基组成不同", "D": "不同生物来源的DNA碱基组成不同"}, "answer": "不同生物来源的DNA碱基组成不同", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,2月,腹泻导致中度脱水。下列液体治疗法叙述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "补充累计损失量300~600ml", "B": "注意补充继续丢失量", "C": "如临床上判断脱水性质有困难,可先按等渗性脱水处理", "D": "原则上先慢后快"}, "answer": "原则上先慢后快", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性患者,被重物砸伤后,体检:耻骨联合处压痛,挤压试验阳性,膀胱充盈。导尿管插入一定深度未见尿液流出,导尿管尖端见新鲜血液流出,此时应该考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "导尿管插人方法不正确", "B": "患者根本就没有尿液", "C": "骨盆骨折合并膀胱损伤", "D": "骨盆骨折合并尿道断裂"}, "answer": "骨盆骨折合并尿道断裂", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "寄生虫感染时,浸润的炎症细胞主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "嗜中性粒细胞", "B": "淋巴细胞", "C": "嗜酸性粒细胞", "D": "浆细胞"}, "answer": "嗜酸性粒细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.具有侵袭力的菌株进入肠黏膜固有层并在其中繁殖,引起炎症与溃疡(  )。", "options": {"A": "痢疾杆菌", "B": "伤寒杆菌", "C": "霍乱弧菌", "D": "大肠杆菌"}, "answer": "痢疾杆菌", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,30岁,1年前发现左手不知冷热。查体:左上肢痛温觉消失,触觉存在,深感觉正常,病变部位可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "后角", "B": "灰质前联合", "C": "后索", "D": "脊髓丘脑束"}, "answer": "后角", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "天然免疫耐受性通常是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "机体对改变的自身组织成分不发生反应的免疫应答", "B": "机体对自身组织成分不发生反应的免疫应答", "C": "机体对非己抗原都不发生反应的免疫应答", "D": "机体对肿瘤细胞不发生反应的免疫应答"}, "answer": "机体对自身组织成分不发生反应的免疫应答", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列对心理卫生的描述中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "平稳正常的心理状态", "B": "积极有效的心理活动", "C": "躯体健康", "D": "完好的人际关系"}, "answer": "躯体健康", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,29岁,发作性心悸,头痛1年,洗碗时或手受凉时常有症状,血压200/130mmHg,本次就诊时血压正常,空腹血糖6.8mmol/L,电解质正常,尿蛋白(+),本例最应考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性肾炎高血压型", "B": "原发性醛固酮增多症", "C": "周期性库欣综合征", "D": "嗜铬细胞瘤"}, "answer": "嗜铬细胞瘤", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "手术后乳胶片引流拔除时间一般在术后(  )。", "options": {"A": "1~2天", "B": "3天", "C": "5天", "D": "5天以后"}, "answer": "1~2天", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于临产后的胎心监护,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "听胎心应在宫缩间歇期宫缩刚结束时", "B": "潜伏期应每小时听胎心1次", "C": "活跃期应每30分钟听胎心1次", "D": "第二产程应每15分钟听胎心1次"}, "answer": "第二产程应每15分钟听胎心1次", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,46岁,全身乏力,嗜睡,少言,动作缓慢,畏寒,体温低于正常,皮肤干燥、增厚、粗糙,呈非凹陷性浮肿,智力、记忆力减退,听觉减退,步态不稳,共济失调,幻觉、妄想。该患者诊断为甲状腺功能低下所致精神障碍,其治疗措施哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "防止感染", "B": "足量抗精神病药物", "C": "慎用催眠药", "D": "慎用麻醉药"}, "answer": "足量抗精神病药物", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,l8岁,发热起病3天后下降,伴恶心、呕吐、尿色深如豆油样,病程第八天出现嗜睡,继之神志不清,巩膜皮肤深度黄疸,肝界缩小,诊断应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "感染中毒性脑病", "B": "急性重型肝炎", "C": "亚急性重型肝炎", "D": "淤胆型肝炎"}, "answer": "急性重型肝炎", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "糖皮质激素不具有哪些药理作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "抑制细胞免疫和体液免疫", "B": "提高机体对细菌内毒素的耐受力", "C": "提高机体对细菌外毒素的耐受力", "D": "增加血中白细胞数量,但却抑制其功能"}, "answer": "提高机体对细菌外毒素的耐受力", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.治疗顽固性网球肘的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "限制握拳伸腕动作", "B": "伸指总肌腱起点剥离松解", "C": "患肢制动", "D": "口服非甾体类抗炎药"}, "answer": "伸指总肌腱起点剥离松解", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男婴,生后24天,近4天哭闹剧烈,拒乳,呕吐1天,抽搐3次入院,患儿生后无窒息史。查体:体温不升,反应差,消瘦,脐部见少量脓性分泌物,前囟膨满,双眼凝视,心肺正常,脑膜刺激征(-)。3.为了明确是否发生了并发症应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "查瞳孔的大小,做对光反射", "B": "腰穿,查脑脊液", "C": "叩头颅骨是否有“破壶”音", "D": "做颅骨透照检查"}, "answer": "做颅骨透照检查", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肺癌组织学类型正确的描述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺癌可分为鳞癌、腺癌、小细胞癌3种类型", "B": "肺癌可分为大细胞癌、小细胞癌两种类型", "C": "肺癌可分为腺癌及大细胞癌两种类型", "D": "肺泡可分为鳞癌、腺癌、小细胞癌、大细胞癌4种基本类型"}, "answer": "肺泡可分为鳞癌、腺癌、小细胞癌、大细胞癌4种基本类型", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "应激性溃疡出血时错误的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使用H2受体拮抗剂", "B": "使用胃粘膜保护剂", "C": "经胃管灌注止血药物", "D": "行胃壁切开电灼止血"}, "answer": "行胃壁切开电灼止血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "链球菌分类依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "能否产生血浆凝固酶", "B": "产生色素颜色的不同", "C": "在血琼脂培养基中溶血现象的不同", "D": "传播途径的不同"}, "answer": "在血琼脂培养基中溶血现象的不同", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于患者享有平等医疗权利的表述中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "公民享有生命健康权", "B": "对所有患者都应一视同仁", "C": "患者的需求应得到完全满足", "D": "应满足患者的合理需求"}, "answer": "患者的需求应得到完全满足", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.弥散性血管内凝血继发性纤溶亢进期(  )。", "options": {"A": "血小板增加", "B": "纤维蛋白原降低", "C": "3P试验(+)", "D": "Hb降低"}, "answer": "3P试验(+)", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "死者,女,9岁,尸检见双肺重量增加,充血,密布灰白色粟粒大小结节,微隆起于切面。病理诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹性肺炎", "B": "粟粒性肺结核", "C": "间质性肺炎", "D": "葡萄球菌性肺炎"}, "answer": "粟粒性肺结核", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "外周血管痉挛性疾病可选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "异丙肾上腺素", "B": "酚妥拉明", "C": "普萘洛尔", "D": "间羟胺"}, "answer": "酚妥拉明", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "高钾血症时,血清钾高于(  )。", "options": {"A": "4.5mmol/L", "B": "5mmol/L", "C": "5.5mmol/L", "D": "3.5mmol/L"}, "answer": "5.5mmol/L", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.CEA是(  )。", "options": {"A": "异种抗原", "B": "同种异型抗原", "C": "异嗜性抗原", "D": "肿瘤相关抗原"}, "answer": "肿瘤相关抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "同种异基因移植排斥反应主要通过(  )。", "options": {"A": "供者T细胞对同种异型抗原产生免疫应答引起", "B": "供者T、B细胞对同种异型抗原生免疫应答引起", "C": "受者T细胞对同种异型抗原产生免疫应答引起", "D": "受者NK细胞对同种异型抗原产生免疫应答引起"}, "answer": "受者T细胞对同种异型抗原产生免疫应答引起", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,1岁,咳嗽,发热伴腹泻2周,进食少,每日大便7~8次,为黄色水样便,近3日嗜睡、乏力,头不能竖起。体检:体重7kg,表情淡漠,面色苍白,下颌呼吸,30次/min,不规则,两肺呼吸音粗糙,可闻及少量中、小水泡音,心率92次/min,心音低钝,腹胀,肠鸣音减少,皮肤干燥,弹性差,皮下脂肪厚0.4cm,膝反射消失。3.若该患儿检查结果为:血pH 7.31,血钠130mmol/L,血钾1.75mmol/L,血钙2.5mmol/L,EKG示T波低平。此时最佳治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服氯化钾", "B": "静注葡萄糖酸钙", "C": "静滴碳酸氢钠", "D": "静滴0.3%氯化钾"}, "answer": "静滴0.3%氯化钾", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者突然出现两眼向右侧共同偏视,右侧中枢性上下肢瘫,病变部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "在侧额叶病变", "B": "左侧内囊", "C": "左侧脑桥", "D": "右侧脑桥"}, "answer": "左侧脑桥", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于动脉粥样硬化的叙述下列哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "可引起夹层动脉瘤", "B": "病变多位于主动脉各分支开口处", "C": "胸主动脉病变最重", "D": "病变可继发钙化、出血"}, "answer": "胸主动脉病变最重", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者胸部受伤,急诊入院,经吸氧,呼吸困难无好转,有发绀。查体:左胸饱满。气管向右移位,左侧可触及骨擦音,叩诊鼓音,听诊呼吸音消失,皮下气肿明显,诊断首先考虑是(  )。", "options": {"A": "张力性气胸", "B": "肋骨骨折并张力性气胸", "C": "心包积血", "D": "闭合性气胸"}, "answer": "肋骨骨折并张力性气胸", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "26岁,初产妇,妊娠39周,规律宫缩18h,肛查宫口8cm,先露0、胎膜未破,腹部触诊为头先露,宫缩时宫体部不硬,持续30s,间隔5min,胎心136/min,B超检查:示胎儿双顶径为9.0cm。2.本例首先的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人工破膜", "B": "静脉滴注缩宫素5U", "C": "肌内注射哌替啶(度冷丁)100mg", "D": "观察1h后再决定"}, "answer": "人工破膜", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.梅毒螺旋体感染可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "黄疸出血症状", "B": "咽峡炎", "C": "关节炎及关节畸形", "D": "脊髓痨及动脉瘤"}, "answer": "脊髓痨及动脉瘤", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "培养真菌的最适宜温度为(  )。", "options": {"A": "10~15℃", "B": "4~9℃", "C": "16~21℃", "D": "22~28℃"}, "answer": "22~28℃", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,18岁,主诉自初中毕业后,越来越不能与陌生人接触,近1年来发展为见到熟人也害怕与之说话,且一说话就脸红,对于该患者心理治疗首选的方法为(  )。", "options": {"A": "生物反馈", "B": "系统脱敏", "C": "自由联想", "D": "人本主义"}, "answer": "系统脱敏", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新生儿生后17小时出现黄疸,第2天查胆红素水平150μmol/L,第3天胆红素水平达到320μmol/L,母亲血型“O”型“Rh阳性”,小儿血型“B”型“Rh阳性”,最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溶血性黄疸", "B": "肝细胞性黄疸", "C": "胆道梗阻性黄疸", "D": "母乳性黄疸"}, "answer": "溶血性黄疸", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "确诊宫颈癌依靠(  )。", "options": {"A": "临床表现", "B": "阴道镜检查", "C": "高危型人乳头状瘤病毒检测", "D": "宫颈活组织病理学检查"}, "answer": "宫颈活组织病理学检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "胎膜早破的病因不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "钙缺乏", "B": "维生素C缺乏", "C": "病原微生物上行感染", "D": "羊膜腔压力增高"}, "answer": "钙缺乏", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "核酸对紫外线的最大吸收峰是(  )。", "options": {"A": "200nm", "B": "220nm", "C": "260nm", "D": "280nm"}, "answer": "260nm", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "李医生因过于自信,造成三级医疗责任事故,李医生应承担的法律责任是(  )。", "options": {"A": "责令暂停执业6个月", "B": "吊销执业证书", "C": "赔偿患者损失", "D": "追究刑事责任"}, "answer": "责令暂停执业6个月", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "麻疹早期诊断最有意义的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热、流涕、咳嗽", "B": "耳后淋巴结肿大", "C": "手、足出现红色斑丘疹", "D": "Koplik斑(麻疹黏膜斑)"}, "answer": "Koplik斑(麻疹黏膜斑)", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列乙类传染病应按甲类传染病处理的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "流行性出血热", "B": "流行性乙型脑炎", "C": "肺炭疽", "D": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎"}, "answer": "肺炭疽", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于功能性低血糖病人,为减少低血糖发作,下列哪一项饮食调整是不对的(  )。", "options": {"A": "进较干食物", "B": "高蛋白饮食", "C": "高脂饮食", "D": "低纤维饮食"}, "answer": "低纤维饮食", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "青年患者入院前6小时,左肱骨中段被机器绞伤,致上臂仅后侧有宽5cm的皮肤相连,该皮肤有较重的挫伤,其余组织完全离断。1.该患者应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "左上臂完全离断伤", "B": "左上臂不完全离断伤", "C": "左肱骨开放性骨折,伴血管损伤", "D": "左肱骨开放性骨折伴神经损伤"}, "answer": "左上臂完全离断伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一小儿运动、智力发育正常,身材匀称,但身高、体重均明显低于正常范围,为了解其骨骼发育情况。2.X线检查提示骨龄明显落后,应考虑的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "先天性软骨发育不良", "B": "垂体性侏儒症", "C": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病", "D": "21-三体综合征"}, "answer": "垂体性侏儒症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某医院血库的负责人甲和工作人员乙将不符合国家规定标准的血液用于患者,造成患者丙经24小时抢救才脱离危险。此事件有下列法律责任,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "对甲、乙行政罚款", "B": "对患者的损害予以赔偿", "C": "对乙给予行政处分", "D": "由卫生行政部门责令其改正"}, "answer": "对甲、乙行政罚款", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "《医疗事故处理条例》将医疗事故分为四级的根据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医疗活动的违法性", "B": "诊疗护理的过失性", "C": "对患者人身造成的危害程度", "D": "医疗过失同损害后果的因果关系"}, "answer": "对患者人身造成的危害程度", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "产程进展的标志为(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫缩频度", "B": "产妇一般情况", "C": "胎头下降及宫口的扩张", "D": "胎心率及胎位"}, "answer": "胎头下降及宫口的扩张", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一般不会出现蜘蛛痣的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "面部", "B": "上肢", "C": "颈部", "D": "腹部"}, "answer": "腹部", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述是肾炎性肾病的临床特点,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "血尿,红细胞>10个/HP(2周内3次离心尿)", "B": "持续性高血压", "C": "持续性氮质血症", "D": "对激素无效应"}, "answer": "对激素无效应", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "调节胰岛素分泌的最重要因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血脂肪酸浓度", "B": "血糖浓度", "C": "激素作用", "D": "神经调节"}, "answer": "血糖浓度", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胰头癌伴梗阻性黄疸时,查体的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Murphy征阳性", "B": "胆囊表面不平,压痛明显", "C": "胆囊表面不平,无压痛", "D": "胆囊表面光滑,无压痛"}, "answer": "胆囊表面光滑,无压痛", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列物质中不属于第二信使的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IP3", "B": "cAMP", "C": "GMP", "D": "二酰基甘油(DAG)"}, "answer": "GMP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于输血的原则,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "必须保证ABO血型相合", "B": "紧急情况下O型血可少量缓慢接受其他型血液", "C": "AB型的人可少量缓慢接受其他型血液", "D": "反复输血的病人必须保证Rh血型相合"}, "answer": "紧急情况下O型血可少量缓慢接受其他型血液", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,30岁。已婚。平时月经规律,停经40天,右下腹剧痛4小时伴头晕及肛门坠胀感。查体:BP 80/56mmHg,面色苍白,痛苦貌。下腹部压痛及反跳痛(+),尤以右侧为著,肌紧张不明显,移动性浊音(+)。妇科检查:宫颈举痛,宫体稍大,右附件区触及不规则包块,大小约4cm×3cm×3cm,压痛(+),血红蛋白100g/L。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卵巢滤泡囊肿破裂", "B": "卵巢囊肿蒂扭转", "C": "输卵管妊娠破裂", "D": "卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿破裂"}, "answer": "输卵管妊娠破裂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一男性,某省厅干部,平时不嗜烟酒,生活规律;但性情急躁,易激动,工作认真,争强好胜,雄心勃勃。1年前单位减员时调入某厂工作,常因小事上火,发脾气。3日前因心绞痛入院,诊断为冠心病。1.病前病人的人格类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "A型", "B": "C型", "C": "B型", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "A型", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "免疫对机体(  )。", "options": {"A": "是有益的反应", "B": "有益也有害的反应", "C": "无益也无害的反应", "D": "正常情况下,对机体有益,只在一定条件下有害"}, "answer": "正常情况下,对机体有益,只在一定条件下有害", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "颅内压增高的常见原因不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑水肿", "B": "梗阻性脑积水", "C": "颅骨缺损", "D": "脑肿瘤"}, "answer": "颅骨缺损", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "婴幼儿化脓性脑膜炎常见的致病菌为(  )。", "options": {"A": "大肠杆菌和B组溶血性链球菌", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌和绿脓杆菌", "C": "肺炎链球菌和流感嗜血杆菌", "D": "B组溶血性链球菌和流感嗜血杆菌"}, "answer": "肺炎链球菌和流感嗜血杆菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.增强细菌的抗吞噬作用的结构是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脂磷壁酸", "B": "普通菌毛", "C": "中介体", "D": "荚膜"}, "answer": "荚膜", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "从一个呈正态分布的总体中随机抽样,≠u,该差别被称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "个体差异", "B": "过失误差", "C": "抽样误差", "D": "测量误差"}, "answer": "抽样误差", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "第一孔未闭型房间隔缺损的解剖所见,下列哪一种是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "房间隔下部缺损", "B": "二尖瓣裂", "C": "三尖瓣裂", "D": "肺动脉瓣裂"}, "answer": "肺动脉瓣裂", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.肢端肥大症最常出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "停经泌乳", "B": "鼻宽舌大", "C": "腋毛阴毛脱落", "D": "皮肤色素沉着"}, "answer": "鼻宽舌大", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,24岁。间断心悸1月余。心悸时心电图示:窦性心律,可见提前出现的宽大畸形的QRS波群,QRS时限0.16s,其间无P波,代偿间期完全。期前收缩后代偿间期形成的生理学机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心肌传导速度不均一", "B": "自律细胞兴奋性增加", "C": "心内兴奋传导途径多变", "D": "心肌有效不应期长"}, "answer": "心肌有效不应期长", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.神经症属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "心理疾病", "B": "心身反应", "C": "心身障碍", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "心理疾病", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪项是矽肺的病变特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "矽结节形成", "B": "小气管炎症", "C": "胸膜肥厚", "D": "肺纤维化"}, "answer": "矽结节形成", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "脓性卡他、蜂窝织炎,以及脓肿的区分是根据(  )。", "options": {"A": "致病菌和发生的部位不同", "B": "脓液含量多少", "C": "是否形成脓腔", "D": "细菌种类不同"}, "answer": "致病菌和发生的部位不同", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于细菌细胞结构叙述不正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "有70S核蛋白体合成蛋白", "B": "细胞壁均有肽聚糖", "C": "核有完整的核膜", "D": "中介体称拟线粒体"}, "answer": "核有完整的核膜", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,51岁,因运动障碍到医院就诊,经多项检查,发现第四脑室附近肿瘤压迫小脑绒球小结叶,哪一项运动障碍最明显?(  )", "options": {"A": "随意运动不能", "B": "身体平衡功能差", "C": "全身肌紧张减弱", "D": "指鼻不准确"}, "answer": "身体平衡功能差", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "交感神经兴奋可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "瞳孔缩小", "B": "逼尿肌收缩", "C": "心率加快", "D": "支气管平滑肌收缩"}, "answer": "心率加快", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.婴儿最常见的肺炎是(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "B": "腺病毒肺炎", "C": "支原体肺炎", "D": "支气管肺炎"}, "answer": "支气管肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列适于用抗酸染色法染色的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻风分枝杆菌", "B": "炭疽杆菌", "C": "布氏杆菌", "D": "绿脓杆菌"}, "answer": "麻风分枝杆菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,38岁。皮下结节病史3年,近2个月来出现四肢软弱无力。体检:躯干及四肢触及多个直径在0.5~1.0cm大小圆形结节,无触痛,与周围组织无粘连,四肢肌肉肥大。化验:血常规白细胞6.2×109/L,中性粒细胞0.67,淋巴细胞0.33;血清钾4.2mmol/L,钠138mmol/L,氯98mmol/L。考虑该患者初步诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "囊虫病", "B": "周期性麻痹", "C": "重症肌无力", "D": "格林—巴利综合征"}, "answer": "囊虫病", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,重体力劳动工人。腰腿痛,向左下肢放射,咳嗽、喷嚏时加重1月。检查:腰部活动明显受限,并向左倾斜,直腿抬高试验阳性。病程中无低热、盗汗、消瘦症状。4.如果病史2年,并逐年加重,已严重影响生活及工作,且出现大小便障碍。且治疗方法应采取(  )。", "options": {"A": "手术", "B": "按摩", "C": "牵引", "D": "用药"}, "answer": "手术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,65岁,反复劳力性胸痛3月余。每次持续5~10分钟,休息2~3分钟可自行缓解,既往体健,查体:BP 150/90mmHg,心率110次/分,律齐,心电图示窦性心律。为控制心率宜首选的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "普罗帕酮", "B": "美西律", "C": "胺碘酮", "D": "美托洛尔"}, "answer": "美托洛尔", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于病菌致病因素的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病菌有黏附因子", "B": "与病菌的胞外酶有关", "C": "与病菌的内、外毒素有关", "D": "与病菌侵入的数量并无密切关系"}, "answer": "与病菌侵入的数量并无密切关系", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项为呼吸呈蒜味的毒物?(  )", "options": {"A": "阿托品", "B": "地西泮", "C": "有机磷农药", "D": "亚硝酸盐"}, "answer": "有机磷农药", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,30岁。在颈丛麻醉下施行了甲状腺瘤切除术,手术顺利。2.术后病人出现饮水呛咳症状,最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "喉返神经损伤", "B": "喉上神经内支损伤", "C": "喉头水肿", "D": "气管塌陷"}, "answer": "喉上神经内支损伤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是引起血管炎的主要因素?(  )", "options": {"A": "中性粒细胞", "B": "肥大细胞", "C": "嗜酸粒细胞", "D": "嗜碱粒细胞"}, "answer": "中性粒细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.特纳综合征与哪项有关?(  )", "options": {"A": "垂体", "B": "下丘脑", "C": "子宫", "D": "无正确选项"}, "answer": "无正确选项", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,10岁,发热10天,体温38~39℃,刺激性咳嗽明显,胸痛。查体:双肺散在于鸣音;胸片:左肺下野淡薄片状阴影。2.为确诊,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支原体IgM抗体", "B": "冷凝集试验", "C": "血肥达氏反应", "D": "痰液病毒分离"}, "answer": "支原体IgM抗体", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "婴儿体重4kg,前囟1.5cm×1.5cm,能微笑,头不能竖立,已形成第一个条件反射,即抱起喂奶时出现吸吮动作。2.第一个条件反射何时出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "1~2个月", "B": "生后2周左右", "C": "生后1周左右", "D": "3~4个月"}, "answer": "生后2周左右", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制药的不良反应不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "血糖升高", "B": "血管神经性水肿", "C": "刺激性咳嗽", "D": "高血钾"}, "answer": "血糖升高", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,43岁。外伤致右胸积血,右侧呼吸音弱,叩诊为浊音,胸穿抽出混浊胸液,则最应该采取的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸腔闭式引流", "B": "开胸止血", "C": "胸穿", "D": "患侧肺切除术"}, "answer": "胸腔闭式引流", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "先天性心脏病最重要的无创伤性诊断方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏三位X线片", "B": "心电图检查", "C": "心导管检查和心血管造影", "D": "超声心动图"}, "answer": "超声心动图", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "结核结节属(  )。", "options": {"A": "炎性假瘤", "B": "感染性肉芽肿", "C": "异物肉芽肿", "D": "炎性息肉"}, "answer": "感染性肉芽肿", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.治疗霍奇金病(  )。", "options": {"A": "DA", "B": "苯丁酸氮芥", "C": "MOPP", "D": "羟基脲"}, "answer": "MOPP", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.Mφ产生的能活化T细胞的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IL-2", "B": "IL-4", "C": "IL-5", "D": "IL-6"}, "answer": "IL-2", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肺脏严重瘀血时不出现的改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "透明膜形成", "B": "肺泡出血", "C": "肺泡水肿", "D": "肺泡内含铁血黄素增加"}, "answer": "透明膜形成", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.表明药物在体内逐渐减弱过程的词(  )。", "options": {"A": "分布", "B": "表观分布容积", "C": "药物代谢动力学", "D": "清除"}, "answer": "清除", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "注射青霉素40万U2小时后,突发寒战、高热,头痛、身痛,低血压时,哪一种病可能性大(  )。", "options": {"A": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "B": "猩红热", "C": "回归热", "D": "钩端螺旋体病"}, "answer": "钩端螺旋体病", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性肾盂肾炎镜下形态变化可能性最小的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "管腔含有均质红染的胶样管型", "B": "肾组织有间质纤维化", "C": "肾小管上皮细胞,大量脂质沉积", "D": "炎细胞浸润"}, "answer": "肾组织有间质纤维化", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "单纯型精神分裂症与神经衰弱最主要的鉴别点在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "起病缓慢", "B": "无自知力", "C": "有幻觉妄想", "D": "头痛失眠较轻"}, "answer": "无自知力", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述有关RNA的叙述哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "tRNA是相对分子质量最小的RNA", "B": "RNA分子也有双螺旋结构", "C": "胸腺嘧啶是RNA的特有碱基", "D": "mRNA是生物合成多肽链的直接模板"}, "answer": "胸腺嘧啶是RNA的特有碱基", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "疑为溶血性或细菌污染性输血反应,应立即停止输血,用静脉注射生理盐水维护静脉通路,及时报告上级医师,在积极治疗抢救的同时,做下列核对检查(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即对受血者作抗体筛选试验", "B": "立即进行交叉配血试验", "C": "核对血浆的有效期", "D": "核对受血者及供血者ABO血型、Rh血型"}, "answer": "核对受血者及供血者ABO血型、Rh血型", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "骨巨细胞瘤外科分级属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "G0T1~2M0~1", "B": "G0~1T0M0", "C": "G0~1T0~2M0~1", "D": "G2T0M1"}, "answer": "G0~1T0~2M0~1", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,72岁,回肠及部分空肠切除术后出现腹泻,每日10余次稀水样便,进食后加剧。腹泻原因主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "分泌增加", "B": "消化不良", "C": "吸收不良", "D": "肠蠕动加快"}, "answer": "吸收不良", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女孩,5岁。精神欠佳半个月,发热、头痛、呕吐10天。半个月前开始出现精神不佳,10天来每天发热,最高体温38.1℃,进食减少,伴头痛,呕吐。2个月前曾患“麻疹”。查体:精神差,消瘦,右眼外展受限,颈抵抗(+),Kerning征(+),Brudzinski征(+)。PPD试验(-)。2.为明确诊断首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部X线片", "B": "脑脊液检查", "C": "血沉", "D": "头颅CT"}, "answer": "脑脊液检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "动作电位到达突触前膜引起递质释放与哪一种离子的跨膜移动有关?(  )", "options": {"A": "Ca2+内流", "B": "Na+外流", "C": "Ca2+外流", "D": "K+外流"}, "answer": "Ca2+内流", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列对于RNA分子中“帽子”的叙述哪项是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "存在于tRNA的3’端", "B": "可使tRNA进行加工过程", "C": "存在于真核细胞的mRNA5’端", "D": "用于校正原核细胞mRNA翻译中的不正确"}, "answer": "存在于真核细胞的mRNA5’端", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "为提高败血症血培养阳性率,抽血时间最好选在(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热开始时", "B": "寒战开始时", "C": "寒战结束时", "D": "预计寒战发热将发生前"}, "answer": "预计寒战发热将发生前", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "属于破伤风较为特异的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "稽留热", "B": "张口困难", "C": "昏迷", "D": "坏疽"}, "answer": "张口困难", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "志贺菌的志贺毒素不具有的生物学性状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "属于外毒素", "B": "有神经毒性", "C": "有心肌毒性", "D": "有肠毒性"}, "answer": "有心肌毒性", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "与人畜共患传染病有关的野生动物(  )。", "options": {"A": "经检疫后,方可出售", "B": "经检疫合格后,方可出售、运输", "C": "经检疫后,方可运输", "D": "以上都不对"}, "answer": "经检疫合格后,方可出售、运输", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.麻疹合并肺炎时应隔离至出疹后(  )。", "options": {"A": "5天", "B": "7天", "C": "10天", "D": "14天"}, "answer": "10天", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "由激活磷脂酶而生成二酯酰甘油信息途径与下列哪一过程有关?(  )", "options": {"A": "短暂激活蛋白激酶A的活性", "B": "主要引起内分泌腺的分泌", "C": "引起平滑肌张力的改变", "D": "与细胞的增殖、分化有关"}, "answer": "与细胞的增殖、分化有关", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "6个月,男婴,人工喂养。平时易惊、多汗、睡眠少,近2日来咳嗽、低热,今晨突然双眼凝视,手足抽动。查体:枕后有乒乓球感。2.止抽后的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静滴钙剂", "B": "供给氧气", "C": "肌注呋塞米", "D": "肌注维生素B"}, "answer": "静滴钙剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "青霉素的作用机理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "干扰细菌蛋白质的合成", "B": "抑制细菌的酶活性", "C": "破坏细胞壁中的肽聚糖", "D": "破坏细胞膜"}, "answer": "破坏细胞壁中的肽聚糖", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某患者因有机磷中毒入院治疗,在治疗过程中出现阿托品中毒,应立即给予(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛花苷C", "B": "输液及毛果芸香碱", "C": "阿托品", "D": "利他林(哌甲酯)"}, "answer": "输液及毛果芸香碱", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男孩,14岁。发热、腹泻5小时。9小时前同学聚餐,5小时前开始发热、腹泻,体温39.2℃,伴畏寒,无明显寒战,初为胃内容物。查体:T 39℃,P 100次/分,R 20次/分,双肺呼吸音粗,未闻及干湿性啰音,心律齐,腹软,下腹部有轻微压痛,无肌紧张、反跳痛。粪镜检WBC 20~30/HP,RBC 4~8/HP,吞噬细胞1~2/HP。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化功能紊乱", "B": "急性肠胃炎", "C": "急性细菌性痢疾", "D": "产毒性大肠埃希菌肠炎"}, "answer": "急性细菌性痢疾", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.两手各握一个玩具、发单调音节的月龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "5个月", "B": "6个月", "C": "7个月", "D": "8个月"}, "answer": "5个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,26岁,因甲状腺功能亢进行甲状腺切除,术后第二天出现手足抽搐。1.最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "喉上或喉返神经损伤", "B": "甲状腺功能低下", "C": "喉头水肿", "D": "甲状腺旁腺功能低下"}, "answer": "甲状腺旁腺功能低下", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "通气/血流比值是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "每分肺通气量与每分肺血流量之比", "B": "每分肺泡通气量与每分肺血流量之比", "C": "最大通气量与每分肺血流量之比", "D": "肺活量与每分肺血流量之比"}, "answer": "每分肺泡通气量与每分肺血流量之比", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "使用止血带处理四肢外伤大出血时,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可使用橡皮管止血,并在止血带下放好衬垫物", "B": "应以能止住血为度,不要缚扎过紧", "C": "松止血带之前应先扩容,并作好伤口止血的准备工作", "D": "每隔90分钟放松止血带1~2分钟,以防远端肢体坏死"}, "answer": "每隔90分钟放松止血带1~2分钟,以防远端肢体坏死", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.淋巴样干细胞分化成熟为B淋巴细胞的场所在(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠腔", "B": "免疫球蛋白M", "C": "胸腺", "D": "骨髓"}, "answer": "骨髓", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "定期考核不合格的医师暂停执业活动期满,再次考核仍不合格的(  )。", "options": {"A": "再次接受培训", "B": "试用3年", "C": "暂停执业活动3年", "D": "注销注册,收回医师执业证书"}, "answer": "注销注册,收回医师执业证书", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项不是肺硅沉着病的并发症?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺结核", "B": "肺癌", "C": "慢性肺源性心脏病", "D": "肺气肿"}, "answer": "肺癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "防治室性早搏或阵发性心动过速的首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "利多卡因", "B": "阿托品", "C": "碳酸氢钠", "D": "溴苄胺"}, "answer": "利多卡因", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于ARDS的定义下列各项中,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是多种病因导致的一种临床上急性进行性的、顽固的低氧血症", "B": "呼吸困难为显著特点", "C": "急性左心功能衰竭导致肺水肿", "D": "肺部病理改变是双肺血管内皮和肺泡损害、肺间质弥漫性水肿,肺顺应性降低"}, "answer": "急性左心功能衰竭导致肺水肿", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.可检测淋巴细胞增殖的技术是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Western blot", "B": "3H-7dR入法", "C": "ELISPOT", "D": "免疫共沉淀"}, "answer": "ELISPOT", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.血肿广泛、与骨缝无关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头皮下血肿", "B": "硬膜下血肿", "C": "硬膜外血肿", "D": "帽状腱膜下血肿"}, "answer": "帽状腱膜下血肿", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "精神疾病是各类因素影响下造成的下哪项损害?(  )", "options": {"A": "大脑功能失调", "B": "小脑功能失调", "C": "锥体外系统失调", "D": "意识障碍"}, "answer": "大脑功能失调", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "正确测量头围的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "将软尺绕头部一周测量最大周长", "B": "将软尺紧贴头皮沿枕骨及眉弓绕头一周", "C": "将软尺紧贴头皮沿枕骨结节最高点及眉弓上缘一周", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "将软尺紧贴头皮沿枕骨结节最高点及眉弓上缘一周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.由Th2细胞介导的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "迟发型超敏反应性炎症反应", "B": "促进B细胞的增殖与分化", "C": "特异性杀伤肿瘤细胞", "D": "非特异性杀伤肿瘤细胞"}, "answer": "促进B细胞的增殖与分化", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列溶液中,适合治疗等渗性脱水的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "平衡盐溶液", "B": "5%葡萄糖", "C": "10%葡萄糖", "D": "3%氯化钠"}, "answer": "平衡盐溶液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肝硬化门静脉高压最常见的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "自发性细菌性腹膜炎", "B": "原发性肝癌", "C": "上消化道出血", "D": "肝性脑病"}, "answer": "上消化道出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪一项不符合SLE的血液系统改变?(  )", "options": {"A": "血小板减少", "B": "自细胞减少", "C": "正色素细胞性贫血", "D": "类白血病样改变"}, "answer": "类白血病样改变", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医患冲突的结果,可能造成(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人难以公开谈出自己的需要", "B": "病人的被动一攻击行为", "C": "病人情绪不好", "D": "上述情况都可能发生"}, "answer": "上述情况都可能发生", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者根据下列哪项可以判断是重度(Ⅲ级)?(  )", "options": {"A": "80%>FEV1>60%预计值", "B": "80%>FEVL>50%预计值", "C": "50%>FEV1>30%预计值", "D": "FEV1<30%预计值"}, "answer": "50%>FEV1>30%预计值", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,40岁。从三楼跌下,左6、7、8肋骨骨折,脾破裂、肠破裂。入院时精神紧张,T 38.5℃,面色苍白,肢端冰冷,脉搏细速,P 110次/分,血压130/100mmHg,尿量减少。3.首先施行的治疗措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "迅速补充血容量", "B": "立即剖腹探查", "C": "大剂量应用抗生素", "D": "滴注利尿剂改善肾功能"}, "answer": "迅速补充血容量", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "为确保贮血、配血和科学合理用血,哪级医院应设置独立的输血科?(  )", "options": {"A": "三级以上医院", "B": "二级以上医院", "C": "二级下列医院", "D": "一级以上医院"}, "answer": "二级以上医院", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者诊为肾综合征出血热,持续少尿6天,近3天无尿,并伴呼吸困难、咯血、心慌、心悸,该患者应为肾综合征出血热临床分型中的哪一型?(  )", "options": {"A": "重型", "B": "轻型", "C": "普通型", "D": "危重型"}, "answer": "危重型", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,65岁,因突然恶心、呕吐、头痛及不能行走来急诊。患者神志清醒,血压240/150mmHg。神经系统检查发现有向上及向左外侧凝视麻痹。瞳孔3mm,等大,有对光反应。左侧周围性面瘫与左侧上下肢共济失调。四肢肌力正常,两侧足跖反射阳性,感觉正常。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左侧颈内动脉闭塞", "B": "脑桥出血", "C": "丘脑出血", "D": "小脑出血"}, "answer": "小脑出血", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.小儿肠梗阻最常见的原园(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙状结肠扭转", "B": "小肠扭转", "C": "肠套叠", "D": "粘连性肠梗阻"}, "answer": "肠套叠", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "与外分泌腺相比,下列哪一点最符合内分泌腺特征?(  )", "options": {"A": "分泌化学物质", "B": "腺体组织中血运丰富", "C": "为无导管腺体", "D": "可进入血循环"}, "answer": "为无导管腺体", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "降结肠癌最早出现的表现中较常见的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "排便习惯与粪便性状改变", "B": "腹部肿块", "C": "腹痛", "D": "腹胀"}, "answer": "排便习惯与粪便性状改变", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "普查宫颈癌时最常用的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫颈刮片细胞学检查", "B": "妇科三合诊检查", "C": "阴道镜检查", "D": "宫颈碘试验"}, "answer": "宫颈刮片细胞学检查", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1岁小儿血红蛋白115g/L,可诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "正常儿", "B": "重度贫血", "C": "轻度贫血", "D": "极重度贫血"}, "answer": "正常儿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.与弹性阻力成反比关系的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "表面活性物质", "B": "胸膜腔内压", "C": "肺内压", "D": "顺应性"}, "answer": "顺应性", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医生在与慢性病患者的交往中,医患关系中最理想的模式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "指导-合作型", "B": "共同参与型", "C": "主动-主动型", "D": "被动-被动型"}, "answer": "共同参与型", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "心源性脑栓塞3小时内最宜选用的药物治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "罂粟碱", "B": "尿激酶", "C": "降纤酶", "D": "阿司匹林"}, "answer": "尿激酶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,30岁。从3楼跌下,右6、7、8肋骨骨折,肝破裂、肠破裂。入院时精神紧张,体温38.5℃,面色苍白,肢端冰冷,脉搏细速,脉率110次/分,血压130/100mmHg,尿量减少。1.该患者的状态应属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "冷休克", "B": "休克前期", "C": "中度休克", "D": "重度休克"}, "answer": "休克前期", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.常引起周围神经炎的化疗药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "环磷酰胺", "B": "甲氨蝶呤", "C": "长春新碱", "D": "左旋门冬酰胺酶"}, "answer": "长春新碱", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.维生素B12的主要吸收部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "十二指肠", "B": "空肠", "C": "回肠", "D": "结肠"}, "answer": "回肠", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.能够与Ca2+结台并引起肌丝滑行的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "横小管", "B": "终池", "C": "肌动蛋白", "D": "原肌球蛋白"}, "answer": "原肌球蛋白", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于NK细胞正确的叙述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "具有MHC限制性", "B": "发现具有特异性抗原识别受体", "C": "具有ADCC效应", "D": "分泌与Th2相同的细胞因子"}, "answer": "具有ADCC效应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.猪(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾综合征出血热的传染源", "B": "艾滋病的传染源", "C": "乙脑的传染源", "D": "狂犬病的传染源"}, "answer": "乙脑的传染源", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者男性,22岁,不慎跌入80℃热水池内,池水淹没臀部,估计烫伤面积为(  )。", "options": {"A": "30%~35%", "B": "40%~45%", "C": "45%~50%", "D": ">60%"}, "answer": "45%~50%", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男性,8个月,咳嗽、发热1周,喘憋3天,逐渐加重,今日开始嗜睡,抽搐2次,体温不退,高达39.5℃。查体:呼吸急促,呼吸56次/分,心率:100次/分,双肺广泛的中小水泡音,肝肋下1cm。血白细胞4×109/L;脑脊液检查提示压力升高,糖、氯化物正常,细胞数个,蛋白质定性阴性。2.该患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺病毒肺炎合并中毒性脑病", "B": "肺炎,高热惊厥", "C": "瑞氏综合征", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎合并中毒脑病"}, "answer": "腺病毒肺炎合并中毒性脑病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.识别抗原,并把识别信号传递到B细胞的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "TCR-CD3复合物", "B": "mIg", "C": "FcR", "D": "BCR复合物"}, "answer": "BCR复合物", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有一名60岁女性患者,2个半月前有车祸头受伤史,当时有一过性意识障碍,伤后头痛,逐渐好转。近半个月又出现头痛,越来越重。头颅CT示右额颞顶低密度新月状影像,脑室中线受压移位。2.根本治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "止血治疗", "B": "预防感染", "C": "钻孔冲洗引流术", "D": "血肿清除术"}, "answer": "钻孔冲洗引流术", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,26岁,头昏乏力3个月,偶有牙龈出血。体查:贫血貌,浅表淋巴结及肝脾不大。骨髓增生低下,巨核细胞未见,淋巴细胞相对增多。下述哪一项治疗是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "雄激素可损害肝功能", "B": "避免使用皮质激素", "C": "异基因骨髓移植最有效", "D": "脾切除对部分病人可以有效"}, "answer": "避免使用皮质激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不是甘油磷脂成分的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "已醇胺", "B": "肌醇", "C": "丝氨酸", "D": "神经鞘氨醇"}, "answer": "神经鞘氨醇", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "30岁,男性腹水病人,腹壁稍紧张,轻压痛,肝脾未触及,无颈静脉怒张,心界不大,心率90/min,律齐,无杂音,血压15/9kPa,呼吸音正常,HB为100g/L,白细胞9.8×109/L。中性70%,GPT 50U,血总蛋白52g/L,清/球蛋白23/30,腹水常规:浅黄色比重1.018,Revalta(+),细胞数为560×106/L,淋巴细胞74%,诊断最大可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝硬化并肝癌", "B": "肝硬化并结核性腹膜炎", "C": "肝硬化并自发性腹膜炎", "D": "原发性肝脏腹膜转移"}, "answer": "肝硬化并结核性腹膜炎", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是再障最主要的诊断依据?(  )", "options": {"A": "全血细胞减少,有出血或感染表现", "B": "骨髓增生不良", "C": "肝脾淋巴结不肿大", "D": "铁剂叶酸治疗无效"}, "answer": "骨髓增生不良", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性淤血引起的后果,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "血栓形成", "B": "漏出性出血", "C": "间质细胞增生", "D": "实质细胞增生"}, "answer": "实质细胞增生", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "自然界游离核苷酸的含氮碱基连于(  )。", "options": {"A": "戊糖的C-1’", "B": "戊糖的C-2’", "C": "戊糖的C-3’", "D": "戊糖的C-5’"}, "answer": "戊糖的C-1’", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一健康儿体重8.5kg,身长70cm,已会爬,试独站,会从抽屉中取玩具。能懂几个较复杂的词句,如“再见”等,不能模仿成人的动作,但看见熟人会伸手要人抱,其月龄最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "7个月", "B": "8个月", "C": "9个月", "D": "10~11个月"}, "answer": "9个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "保密的重要性可除外哪一项(  )。", "options": {"A": "不引起患者家庭纠纷", "B": "不危害他人及社会", "C": "不引起医患矛盾", "D": "不引起对患者的歧视"}, "answer": "不危害他人及社会", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于甲亢手术治疗,下列哪项正确?(  )。", "options": {"A": "通常需切除双侧甲状腺腺体的60%~70%", "B": "处理甲状腺上极血管时应远离甲状腺上极", "C": "结扎甲状腺下动脉要尽量离开腺体背面靠近颈总动脉", "D": "甲状腺峡部要保留"}, "answer": "结扎甲状腺下动脉要尽量离开腺体背面靠近颈总动脉", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项与炎症的渗出无关?(  )", "options": {"A": "组织内渗透压升高", "B": "血管通透性升高", "C": "血浆胶体渗透压升高", "D": "血浆胶体渗透压降低"}, "answer": "血浆胶体渗透压升高", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "腹部损伤中,以下哪项描述不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "在开放性损伤中,伤口大小与损伤程度相一致", "B": "部分脾脏破裂患者腹腔穿刺抽不到血液", "C": "B超检查对肝、脾脏、肾脏等实质性器官损伤诊断的准确率高达90%", "D": "胃肠道损伤破裂的患者,膈下可出现游离气体"}, "answer": "在开放性损伤中,伤口大小与损伤程度相一致", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,66岁,绝经16年。阴道少量出血3周。查体:腹膨隆,如足月妊娠,腹水征(-)。B超示:巨大肿物40cm×50cm×30cm大,囊性,多房性。体重、食欲、两便均无变化。该患者最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "浆液性囊腺瘤", "B": "黏液性囊腺瘤", "C": "皮样囊肿", "D": "卵泡膜细胞瘤"}, "answer": "黏液性囊腺瘤", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.延髓外侧面(  )。", "options": {"A": "大脑后动脉供血", "B": "大脑中动脉供血", "C": "基底动脉供血", "D": "椎动脉供血"}, "answer": "椎动脉供血", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.胸腔积液化验结果为:pH 7.28,WBC 1200×106/L,多核细胞0.56。单核细胞0.44,葡萄糖2.4mmol/L。ADA 15U/L,胸液/血清CEA比值为2。应考虑诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "心衰伴胸腔积液", "B": "肺癌伴胸腔积液", "C": "结核性胸膜炎", "D": "SLE伴胸腔积液"}, "answer": "肺癌伴胸腔积液", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "马斯洛需要层次从低到高的排列顺序是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生理的需要,尊重的需要,爱与被爱的需要,安全的需要,自我实现的需要", "B": "生理的需要,爱与被爱的需要,安全的需要,尊重的需要,自我实现的需要", "C": "生理的需要,安全的需要,爱与被爱的需要,尊重的需要,自我实现的需要", "D": "生理的需要,安全的需要,尊重的需要,爱与被爱的需要,自我实现的需要"}, "answer": "生理的需要,安全的需要,爱与被爱的需要,尊重的需要,自我实现的需要", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "治疗急性呼吸窘迫综合征最有效的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用呼气末正压通气", "B": "持续低浓度吸氧", "C": "持续高浓度吸氧", "D": "早期应用糖皮质激素"}, "answer": "应用呼气末正压通气", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,72岁,1周前感冒后咳嗽、咳痰,量多,初为黄色脓性、黏稠带血,后变为红棕色胶冻状。查体:R 24次/min。口唇发绀,右肺叩浊,呼吸音低,散在湿啰音,心率120次/min,心律整。血常规WBC 10.5×109/L。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "干酪性肺炎", "B": "肺炎链球菌肺炎", "C": "肺炎克雷伯杆菌肺炎", "D": "厌氧菌肺炎"}, "answer": "肺炎克雷伯杆菌肺炎", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.膜攻击复合体是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "C3bB", "B": "C3B", "C": "βIH", "D": "C5678(9)n"}, "answer": "C5678(9)n", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "病人原先无任何精神异常,某次听广播时突然坚信播音员在说他,而他的生活经历与当时的广播内容并无明显联系。此症状属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "听幻觉", "B": "原发性妄想", "C": "继发性妄想", "D": "象征性思维"}, "answer": "原发性妄想", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,50岁。因胃溃疡合并多次大出血,行胃大部切除术,该患者术后5天出现胃出血。1.最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溃疡复发", "B": "吻合口缝线感染", "C": "吻合口部分黏膜坏死脱落", "D": "应激性溃疡"}, "answer": "吻合口部分黏膜坏死脱落", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.毛细支气管炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "阻塞性肺气肿和支气管周围炎的阴影", "B": "大片状或小片状浸润影易形成脓肿和肺大泡", "C": "细沙状阴影以两肺上部为主", "D": "游走性浸润阴影"}, "answer": "阻塞性肺气肿和支气管周围炎的阴影", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "月经不调患者基础体温双相,但高温相持续时间为10d,应给治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "雌一孕激素序贯疗法", "B": "低温相时给HCG", "C": "月经第5天给氯米芬", "D": "月经后期给黄体酮肌内注射"}, "answer": "月经后期给黄体酮肌内注射", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "青霉素G对下列何类细菌不敏感?(  )", "options": {"A": "溶血性链球菌", "B": "肺炎杆菌", "C": "脑膜炎双球菌", "D": "炭疽杆菌"}, "answer": "肺炎杆菌", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "恒牙骨化从什么时候开始(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿", "B": "2岁", "C": "3岁", "D": "4岁"}, "answer": "新生儿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "阿司匹林一级预防的剂量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "50mg/d", "B": "100mg/d", "C": "150mg/d", "D": "300mg/d"}, "answer": "100mg/d", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.海洋性贫血(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗人球蛋白试验阳性", "B": "红细胞渗透脆性试验阳性", "C": "血红蛋白电泳试验异常", "D": "高铁血红蛋白还原试验异常"}, "answer": "血红蛋白电泳试验异常", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于肿瘤的恶性程度的描述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅲ级分化细胞接近正常分化程度", "B": "高分化较低分化者核分裂多", "C": "低分化者较高分化者DNA、RNA含量增多", "D": "Ⅰ级分化较Ⅲ级分化细胞排列紊乱"}, "answer": "高分化较低分化者核分裂多", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肾病综合征主要辅助检查项目应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "双肾CT", "B": "静脉肾盂造影", "C": "肾动脉造影", "D": "肾活检"}, "answer": "肾活检", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.乙酰胆碱(  )。", "options": {"A": "用于重症肌无力", "B": "仅作为药理学研究的工具药", "C": "用干有机磷农药中毒", "D": "用于平滑肌痉挛"}, "answer": "仅作为药理学研究的工具药", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于酶原没有酶活性的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "缺乏辅助因子", "B": "酶原没有糖基化", "C": "活性中心未形成或未暴露", "D": "活性中心的二硫键尚未形成"}, "answer": "活性中心未形成或未暴露", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "滤过分数是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "心输出量与肾血流量的比值", "B": "肾血流量与原尿量的比值", "C": "肾小球滤过率与肾血流量的比值", "D": "肾小球滤过率与肾血浆流量的比值"}, "answer": "肾小球滤过率与肾血浆流量的比值", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "具有囊内韧带的关节是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肩关节", "B": "肘关节", "C": "腕关节", "D": "髋关节"}, "answer": "髋关节", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,20岁,网球运动员,右肘关节外侧疼痛半月,持物无力,右肘关节外侧局限性压痛,下列哪项试验最有助于诊断?(  )", "options": {"A": "Tinel征", "B": "Finkelstein征", "C": "Dugas征", "D": "Mills征"}, "answer": "Mills征", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "大脑中动脉血栓栓塞,栓子可能来源于(  )。", "options": {"A": "髂静脉", "B": "右心房", "C": "左心室", "D": "肠系膜静脉"}, "answer": "左心室", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "左室容积下降速度最快是在(  )。", "options": {"A": "等容舒张期", "B": "等容收缩期", "C": "快速充盈期", "D": "快速射血期"}, "answer": "快速射血期", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肝脂肪变性时,其病理变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝脏苍白,无血色", "B": "肝增大,色淡黄", "C": "肝脏分叶增多", "D": "肝脏质地软,边缘锐"}, "answer": "肝增大,色淡黄", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.血清阴性脊柱关节病的关节表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "四肢大关节游走性肿痛,很少有畸形", "B": "主要累及负重关节,多见于50岁以上", "C": "累及脊柱、周围关节、关节周围组织的慢性炎症", "D": "对称性指间关节、腕、足部、膝、踝等关节痛或关节炎,不伴畸形"}, "answer": "累及脊柱、周围关节、关节周围组织的慢性炎症", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿肺炎合并脓胸时应给予的最佳治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸腔穿刺排脓", "B": "胸腔闭式引流", "C": "胸廓成形术治疗", "D": "中成药治疗"}, "answer": "胸腔闭式引流", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "水肿,乏力,腹胀2个月,有乙肝病史,查体:全身水肿,腹壁静脉曲张,腹腔积液征(+),下列哪项与该患者腹腔积液形成无关?(  )", "options": {"A": "钠与水的潴留", "B": "血管通透性增加", "C": "血浆胶体渗透压降低", "D": "淋巴液生成过多"}, "answer": "血管通透性增加", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,40岁。因肥胖、头晕、无力2年半入院,查体:BP 180/120mmHg,身高170cm,体重85kg,BMI 29.4,向心性肥胖,满月脸,多血质,“水牛背”,皮肤有痤疮,腹壁有粗大紫纹,对确定诊断最有意义的检查结果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血促肾上腺皮质激素水平增高", "B": "血浆皮质醇水平增高", "C": "尿游离皮质醇增高", "D": "小剂量地塞米松抑制试验尿皮质醇量不受抑制"}, "answer": "小剂量地塞米松抑制试验尿皮质醇量不受抑制", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "IQ=15(X-M)/S+100,智商是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "混合智商", "B": "比率智商", "C": "离差智商", "D": "液体智商"}, "answer": "离差智商", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于心肌兴奋性的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静息电位绝对值减小时,兴奋性增高", "B": "阈电位下移,兴奋性增高", "C": "从去极相开始到复极达-55mv这一期间内,兴奋性等于零", "D": "与钠通道的状态无关"}, "answer": "与钠通道的状态无关", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医疗保健机构为公民提供的婚前卫生咨询服务的内容有(  )。", "options": {"A": "生育知识的教育", "B": "性卫生知识的教育", "C": "有关婚配、生育保健问题提供医学意见", "D": "性病防治知识的教育"}, "answer": "有关婚配、生育保健问题提供医学意见", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.上述哪项是乙肝病毒携带者最重要的检出指标(  )。", "options": {"A": "HBsAg", "B": "抗-HBs", "C": "抗-HBc", "D": "抗-HBe"}, "answer": "HBsAg", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医学心理学居于(  )。", "options": {"A": "医学的范畴", "B": "应用心理学范畴", "C": "发展心理学", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "应用心理学范畴", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3岁先天性心脏病患儿,平时无发绀,来院就诊。心导管检查:右心房血氧含量较上下腔静脉平均血氧含量高1.9Vol/dl,胸部X线检查:右房右室增大,肺动脉段突出。4.如果此患儿在胸骨左缘下方听到舒张期杂音,提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "室间隔缺损", "B": "相对性二尖瓣狭窄", "C": "二尖瓣关闭不全", "D": "相对性三尖瓣狭窄"}, "answer": "相对性三尖瓣狭窄", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列不属于凝集反应的试验是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ABO血型鉴定", "B": "肥达试验", "C": "类风湿因子试验", "D": "青霉素皮肤试验"}, "answer": "青霉素皮肤试验", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.胆盐的主要吸收部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃", "B": "十二指肠", "C": "空肠", "D": "回肠"}, "answer": "回肠", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "精神分裂症的特征性症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "注意力不集中", "B": "意识范围缩小", "C": "被洞悉感", "D": "遗忘"}, "answer": "被洞悉感", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "百日咳鲍特菌主要侵袭部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口腔黏膜", "B": "扁桃腺", "C": "气管、支气管的纤毛上皮", "D": "肺组织"}, "answer": "气管、支气管的纤毛上皮", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "同种异基因移植排斥反应主要是通过(  )。", "options": {"A": "供者B细胞对同种异型抗原产生免疫应答引起", "B": "供者T、B细胞对同种异型抗原产生免疫应答引起", "C": "受者T细胞对同种异型抗原产生免疫应答引起", "D": "受者NK细胞对同种异型抗原产生免疫应答引起"}, "answer": "受者T细胞对同种异型抗原产生免疫应答引起", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "作为医学伦理学基本范畴的权利,其重点内容应该是(  )。", "options": {"A": "护士的权利", "B": "医师的权利", "C": "医院的权利", "D": "病人的权利"}, "answer": "病人的权利", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,50岁。甲状腺多发结节3年,颈部超声提示:甲状腺双侧叶多发囊性、实性结节。实验室检查:T3、T4、TSH正常,在随访过程中,手术治疗指征中不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺结节增大伴憋气", "B": "甲状腺结节的数量增加", "C": "出现甲状腺功能亢进", "D": "出现胸骨后甲状腺肿"}, "answer": "甲状腺结节的数量增加", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症隐匿型,可引出神经肌肉兴奋性的试验是(  )。", "options": {"A": "克氏征阳性", "B": "巴氏征阳性", "C": "面神经征阳性", "D": "脑膜刺激征阳性"}, "answer": "面神经征阳性", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.刺激促胰液素分泌最强的刺激因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "盐酸", "B": "促胃液素", "C": "乙酰胆碱", "D": "糖"}, "answer": "盐酸", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某孕妇在家里分娩一死胎,为向生育管理部门申请生育指标,其家属要求卫生院出具死亡证明,乡卫生院拒绝出具,理由是(  )。", "options": {"A": "产妇本人没有提出申请", "B": "产妇户口不在卫生院所在地", "C": "需向卫生部门报告", "D": "未经医护人员接产"}, "answer": "未经医护人员接产", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "23岁,男性,3个月前起病,说话语无伦次,常自言自语,说自己是神仙、是伟人,对异性有非分之想,攻击亲人。精神检查:意识清晰,兴奋躁动,思维破碎,内容离奇,难以理解,认为门外有人要杀他,有一台电脑在影响他的大脑,使大脑在不停地转。躯体及神经系统检查未见异常。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "躁狂症", "B": "精神分裂症", "C": "心因性精神障碍", "D": "神经症"}, "answer": "精神分裂症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "特发性血小板减少性紫癜作骨髓穿刺的目的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "证明有血小板减少", "B": "了解骨髓增生程度", "C": "了解有无合并缺铁性贫血", "D": "了解巨核细胞数量及有无成熟障碍"}, "answer": "了解巨核细胞数量及有无成熟障碍", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪一种糖尿病不需首选胰岛索?(  )", "options": {"A": "合并严重感染的糖尿病", "B": "幼年重型糖尿病", "C": "轻型糖尿病", "D": "需做手术的糖尿病人"}, "answer": "轻型糖尿病", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,20岁,大学生,患者到电影院看到门前有四根大石柱子,立即体验到这四根石柱刺在自己的心脏,电影院的人都在嘲笑他,立即离开电影院,该症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "妄想回忆", "B": "妄想心境", "C": "妄想知觉", "D": "被害知觉"}, "answer": "妄想知觉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.调节三羧酸循环的最重要的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶", "B": "磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶", "C": "异柠檬酸脱氢酶", "D": "己糖激酶"}, "answer": "异柠檬酸脱氢酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "绒癌的病理特点哪项除外?(  )", "options": {"A": "滋养层细胞高度增生有异型性", "B": "肿块有坏死", "C": "形成绒毛结构", "D": "癌细胞呈团、片排列"}, "answer": "形成绒毛结构", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "局限于黏膜及黏膜下层的胃癌属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "原位癌", "B": "浸润型癌", "C": "早期癌", "D": "进展期癌"}, "answer": "早期癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4岁患儿,全身水肿20天,血压90/60mmHg,尿蛋白(+++)~(++++)血浆蛋白总量45g/L,清蛋白20g/L,血BUN 4.2mmol/L。2.如给该患儿口服泼尼松10mg,一日3次,1周后水肿消退,2周后尿蛋白转阴,最可能的病理诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "系膜增殖性肾炎", "B": "膜增殖性肾炎", "C": "微小病变", "D": "新月体肾炎"}, "answer": "微小病变", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "内科医生王某,在春节回家的火车上遇见一位产妇,因火车上无其他医务人员,王某遂协助产妇分娩,在分娩过程中,因牵拉过度,导致新生儿左上肢臂丛神经损伤,王某的行为性质(  )。", "options": {"A": "属于非法行医,不属于医疗事故", "B": "属于超范围执业,构成医疗事故", "C": "属于见义勇为,不构成医疗事故", "D": "造成了不良后果,属于医疗事故"}, "answer": "属于非法行医,不属于医疗事故", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,68岁。陈旧性心肌梗死5年,规律服用培哚普利、美托洛尔、阿司匹林治疗,无胸痛发作,查体无异常。实验室检查:血TC 5.0mmol/L,LDL-C 2.9mmol/L,TG 5.9mmol/L,HDL-C 0.9nmml/L。该患者目前首选的降脂药物为(  )。", "options": {"A": "瑞舒伐他汀", "B": "考来烯胺", "C": "依折麦布", "D": "非诺贝特"}, "answer": "非诺贝特", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "风疹出疹的顺序为(  )。", "options": {"A": "面部、颈、躯干、手臂、足", "B": "颈、面部、躯干、手臂、足", "C": "躯干、颈、面部、四肢", "D": "四肢、躯干、面部、颈"}, "answer": "面部、颈、躯干、手臂、足", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "应用苯二氮类抗焦虑药物时,应该注意(  )。", "options": {"A": "对心脏的影响", "B": "药物依赖性", "C": "抗胆碱能副作用", "D": "锥体外系反应"}, "answer": "药物依赖性", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "极重症营养性贫血的患儿,需输血治疗时,其输血量应如何掌握(  )。", "options": {"A": "每次输血5~10mL/kg", "B": "每次输血10~15mL/kg", "C": "每次输血15~20mL/kg", "D": "每次输血20~25mL/kg"}, "answer": "每次输血5~10mL/kg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一侧脊髓后索病变产生(  )。", "options": {"A": "受累平面以下对侧触觉减退", "B": "受累平面以下同侧深感觉减退", "C": "受累平面以下对侧深感觉减退", "D": "以上均否"}, "answer": "受累平面以下同侧深感觉减退", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.依据人们的实际健康状况与“理想健康状态”之间存在差距而提出的对预防、保健、\n医疗、康复等服务的客观要求是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卫生服务需求", "B": "卫生服务提供", "C": "卫生服务需要", "D": "卫生服务利用"}, "answer": "卫生服务需要", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,21岁。头部摔伤2小时,头颅CT示后颅窝高密度影,发生脑疝。其类型最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小脑幕切迹疝", "B": "大脑镰下疝", "C": "小脑幕切迹上疝", "D": "枕骨大孔疝"}, "answer": "枕骨大孔疝", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.妊娠高血压综合征孕妇剧烈头晕头痛伴呕吐,治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "硫酸镁静脉滴注", "B": "肼苯达嗪静脉滴注", "C": "甘露醇快速静脉滴注", "D": "阿托品静脉推注"}, "answer": "甘露醇快速静脉滴注", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "枕先露时,通过产道最小径线是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "枕颏径", "B": "枕下前囟径", "C": "枕顶径", "D": "双顶径"}, "answer": "枕下前囟径", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医务人员必须经过省级卫生计生行政部门考核并取得相应的合格证书后方可从事的母婴保健项目(  )。", "options": {"A": "家庭接生", "B": "产前诊断", "C": "婚前医学检查", "D": "终止妊娠手术"}, "answer": "产前诊断", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "钩端螺旋体病在我国常见的血清型有几个(  )。", "options": {"A": "7个", "B": "5个", "C": "15个", "D": "18个"}, "answer": "5个", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.喹诺酮类的作用机制(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制细菌细胞壁合成", "B": "抑制细菌DNA依赖的RNA多聚酶", "C": "抑制细菌二氢叶酸还原酶", "D": "抑制细菌DNA合成"}, "answer": "抑制细菌DNA合成", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿上呼吸道感染常见的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒", "B": "肺炎链球菌", "C": "链球菌", "D": "支原体"}, "answer": "病毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "支气管哮喘与过敏性肺炎的不同点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有过敏原接触史", "B": "血中嗜酸性粒细胞增高", "C": "喘息", "D": "胸部X线表现"}, "answer": "胸部X线表现", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.不能通过胎盘的免疫球蛋白抗体主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫球蛋白", "B": "免疫球蛋白M", "C": "免疫球蛋白G", "D": "干扰素"}, "answer": "免疫球蛋白M", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "宫颈原位癌累及腺体是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫颈原位癌突破基底膜侵及腺体", "B": "子宫颈腺体充满癌细胞", "C": "子宫颈表面发生的原位癌影响腺体分泌排出", "D": "子宫颈原位癌沿基底膜伸入腺体内,致腺管上皮为癌细胞所取代,腺体基底膜完整"}, "answer": "子宫颈原位癌沿基底膜伸入腺体内,致腺管上皮为癌细胞所取代,腺体基底膜完整", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "精神分析学派认为,在心理地形图中,当前能被注意到的各种心理活动为(  )。", "options": {"A": "前意识", "B": "意识", "C": "表象", "D": "潜意识"}, "answer": "意识", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "皮质醇增多症最常见的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医源性皮质醇增多症", "B": "垂体ACTH分泌过多", "C": "异位ACTH综合征", "D": "原发性肾上腺皮质腺瘤"}, "answer": "垂体ACTH分泌过多", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "等渗性缺水的常见病因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎高热", "B": "糖尿病昏迷", "C": "十二指肠瘘", "D": "食道癌吞咽困难"}, "answer": "十二指肠瘘", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "细菌与所致疾病组合不正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "铜绿假单胞菌——烧伤感染", "B": "军团菌——军团菌病", "C": "百日咳杆菌——百日咳", "D": "流感杆菌——流感"}, "answer": "流感杆菌——流感", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,5岁,因发热、咳嗽1周,水肿、尿少5天入院。查体:全身明显浮肿,呈凹陷性,血压110/60mmHg。尿检:蛋白质(+++),红细胞5~7个/HP。血浆白蛋白23g/L,胆固醇9.2mmol/L。2.该患儿在治疗中出现腹胀、无力,膝反射弱,且心电图出现T波低乎且有U波,应用下列何药物最恰当?(  )", "options": {"A": "静脉给予葡萄糖酸钙", "B": "口服果味钾", "C": "3%氯化钠缓慢静脉滴注", "D": "给予洋地黄制剂"}, "answer": "口服果味钾", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者女性,23岁,摔伤后致单纯性右肩关节脱位,1小时后来医院就诊,X线片末见合并骨折征象。4.该病人解除外固定后,其右侧肩、肘关节活动受限,应如何处理?(  )", "options": {"A": "进行关节各个活动方向的主动锻炼", "B": "在麻醉下行手法扳正", "C": "单纯予以理疗", "D": "延长外固定2周"}, "answer": "进行关节各个活动方向的主动锻炼", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不属于肉瘤特征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "间质结缔组织少", "B": "瘤细胞呈巢状", "C": "多经血行转移", "D": "瘤组织内血管丰富"}, "answer": "瘤细胞呈巢状", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "尿中发现大量透明管型时,提示病变在(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小管和肾盏", "B": "肾小管和肾小球", "C": "肾小管和输尿管", "D": "肾小管和膀胱"}, "answer": "肾小管和肾小球", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某研究者为探讨脂肪摄入量与男性前列腺癌的关系,在社区内选择高脂肪和低脂肪摄入者各200名,从50岁开始对他们进行随访10年。在随访期间,高脂肪摄入组中有20人,低脂肪摄入者中有10人被诊断为前列腺癌。1.这种研究方法为(\n)。", "options": {"A": "实验研究", "B": "生态学研究", "C": "队列研究", "D": "病例对照研究"}, "answer": "队列研究", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,25岁,妊娠33周。重度子病前期治疗5日,尿量150mL/24h一日余。治疗方案中慎用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硫酸镁", "B": "地西泮", "C": "密切监护", "D": "间断吸氧"}, "answer": "硫酸镁", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "最常用于诊断卵巢肿瘤的辅助手段为(  )。", "options": {"A": "B超", "B": "腹部平片", "C": "腹腔镜检", "D": "细胞学检查"}, "answer": "B超", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "伤寒最严重的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠出血", "B": "肠穿孔", "C": "中毒性心肌炎", "D": "伤寒肝炎"}, "answer": "肠穿孔", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5.腓神经麻痹(  )。", "options": {"A": "跨阈步态", "B": "慌张步态", "C": "剪刀样步态", "D": "划圈样步态下述病变引起"}, "answer": "跨阈步态", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "最易引起输血后肝炎的病毒是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HAV", "B": "HCV", "C": "HDV", "D": "HEV"}, "answer": "HCV", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.萘夫西林、头孢呋辛(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎链球菌脑膜炎", "B": "双球菌脑膜炎", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌脑膜炎", "D": "结核性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,急性药物中毒,表现为昏迷、瞳孔极度缩小、呼吸深度抑制、血压降低,出现上述中毒症状的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯丙嗪", "B": "吗啡", "C": "地西泮", "D": "苯巴比妥"}, "answer": "吗啡", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "钳刮术中见黄色脂肪样组织,错误的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "停止宫腔操作", "B": "抗感染", "C": "立即行剖腹探查术", "D": "肌注子宫收缩剂‘"}, "answer": "立即行剖腹探查术", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "连某因患严重躁狂抑郁障碍,正在精神病专科医院住院治疗。因病情恶化,患者出现伤人毁物等行为,医院在没有其他可替代措施的情况下,对其实施了约束身体的措施,但实施后没有及时通知连某的监护人。连某的父亲作为监护人探视时,看到儿子被捆绑在病床上非常气愤。1.依照《精神卫生法》,对患者连某实施约束行为的性质属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "惩罚性措施", "B": "保护性医疗措施", "C": "诊断性措施", "D": "警告性措施"}, "answer": "保护性医疗措施", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "节段型分布的分离性感觉障碍的病变部位在(  )。", "options": {"A": "后根", "B": "后角", "C": "内囊", "D": "脑干"}, "answer": "后角", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初产妇,妊娠10周,合并艾森曼格综合征,现已出现早期心衰症状。进一步治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "继续妊娠", "B": "立即终止妊娠", "C": "控制心衰后行剖宫取胎术", "D": "控制心衰后行人工流产术"}, "answer": "控制心衰后行人工流产术", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下部量特短见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "营养不良", "B": "垂体侏儒症", "C": "生殖腺功能不全", "D": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症"}, "answer": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于梅毒螺旋体致病性与免疫性,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人是唯一传染源", "B": "通过内毒素和外毒素致病", "C": "三期梅毒传染性小,而对机体的破坏性大", "D": "属感染性免疫"}, "answer": "通过内毒素和外毒素致病", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,25岁,发热、咳嗽两天后出现肉眼血尿,1天后肉眼血尿消失,但6周后尿沉渣镜检查RBC 20~30/高倍镜,以变形红细胞为主,尿蛋白阴性,查体未见异常,血压130/80mmHg,血肌酐正常,ANA、ANCA均阴性,C3正常,父母及哥哥体健。1.最可能的临床诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾小球肾炎", "B": "急进性肾小球肾炎", "C": "慢性肾小球肾炎", "D": "隐匿性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "隐匿性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "风湿热时链球菌感染的证据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "游走性大关节炎", "B": "皮肤环形红斑", "C": "血沉增快", "D": "咽拭子培养链球菌阳性"}, "answer": "咽拭子培养链球菌阳性", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.高血压伴支气管哮喘患者禁用(  )。", "options": {"A": "螺内酯", "B": "氨氯地平", "C": "维拉帕米", "D": "美托洛尔"}, "answer": "美托洛尔", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "无论对错都盲目地拒绝他人的意见和劝告,坚持自己的决定,是因为其意志活动缺乏(  )。", "options": {"A": "自觉性", "B": "果断性", "C": "坚韧性", "D": "整体性"}, "answer": "自觉性", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述5种药物中,治疗指数最大的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙药LD50=100mg,ED50=50mg", "B": "丙药LD50=500mg,ED50=250mg", "C": "丁药LD50=50mg,ED50=10mg", "D": "戊药LD50=100mg,ED50=25mg"}, "answer": "丁药LD50=50mg,ED50=10mg", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列疾病中引起血清总胆固醇降低的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脂肪肝", "B": "肝炎后肝硬化", "C": "胆汁性肝硬化", "D": "肾病综合征"}, "answer": "肝炎后肝硬化", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "反映直接作用于感觉器官的客观事物的个别属性的心理过程是(  )。", "options": {"A": "感觉", "B": "思维", "C": "知觉", "D": "想象"}, "answer": "感觉", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.上述哪项可引起新生儿结膜炎?(  )", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "B": "肺炎链球菌", "C": "淋病奈瑟菌", "D": "脑膜炎奈瑟菌"}, "answer": "淋病奈瑟菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下对动机的理解错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "属于个性心理特征", "B": "是在外界诱因下产生的", "C": "是推动个体行动的心理动力", "D": "有外在动机与内在动机之分"}, "answer": "属于个性心理特征", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "前列腺癌筛查最常用的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "盆腔CT", "B": "盆腔MRI", "C": "前列腺特异性抗原检测", "D": "前列腺穿刺"}, "answer": "前列腺特异性抗原检测", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "膜型IgM的形态为(  )。", "options": {"A": "六聚体", "B": "三聚体", "C": "单体", "D": "双体"}, "answer": "单体", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列情形中,不属于国家、集体医疗机构中的医师在执业活动中享有的权利为(  )。", "options": {"A": "人格尊严、人身安全不受侵犯", "B": "出具相应的医学证明文件", "C": "私人营利性医疗服务", "D": "享受国家规定的福利待遇"}, "answer": "私人营利性医疗服务", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "10月男婴,经常出现夜惊不宁,近1周加重,多汗、烦闹。3.该患儿生后一直母乳不足,混合喂养,尚未添加辅食,此患儿到门诊就诊时。本病发生的病因,哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "日光照射不足", "B": "维生素D的需要量增加", "C": "食物中钙磷含量过低或比例不当", "D": "甲状旁腺功能不足"}, "answer": "甲状旁腺功能不足", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性肾盂肾炎的基本病变属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤维素性炎", "B": "肉芽肿性炎", "C": "慢性化脓性炎", "D": "增生性炎"}, "answer": "慢性化脓性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "门静脉压升高最明显的肝硬化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝炎后肝硬化", "B": "血吸虫性肝硬化", "C": "胆汁性肝硬化", "D": "淤血性肝硬化"}, "answer": "血吸虫性肝硬化", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "抢救癫痫持续状态的患者,首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯妥英钠静脉注射", "B": "水合氯醛灌肠", "C": "地西泮静脉注射", "D": "苯巴比妥钠肌内注射"}, "answer": "地西泮静脉注射", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,25岁。诊断精神分裂症,服用氟哌啶醇12mg/d,治疗2年。其症状符合(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹泻", "B": "肌紧张", "C": "迟发性运动障碍", "D": "体位性低血压"}, "answer": "迟发性运动障碍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "感染性休克大剂量应用糖皮质激素治疗的时间最长不宜超过(  )。", "options": {"A": "1天", "B": "5天", "C": "3天", "D": "2天"}, "answer": "2天", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,28岁,头晕乏力一年半,皮肤散在出血点。血象:Hb65g/L,RBC 2×1012/L,WBC 1.8×109/L。白细胞分类:淋巴细胞0.8,中性0.2。骨髓增生低下。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性再障", "B": "骨髓纤维化", "C": "脾功能亢进", "D": "白血病"}, "answer": "慢性再障", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是最易引起电解质紊乱的药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "螺内酯", "B": "呋塞米", "C": "氨苯蝶啶", "D": "乙酰唑胺"}, "answer": "呋塞米", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.肌丝滑行时,横桥必须与哪种蛋白结合?(  )", "options": {"A": "肌红蛋白", "B": "肌纤蛋白(即肌动蛋白)", "C": "肌钙蛋白", "D": "原肌球蛋白"}, "answer": "肌纤蛋白(即肌动蛋白)", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.链霉素的毒性反应(  )。", "options": {"A": "听神经损害", "B": "肝损害", "C": "球后神经炎", "D": "骨髓抑制"}, "answer": "听神经损害", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,32岁。反复发作肛门胀痛伴畏寒、发热2个月。症状逐渐加重,排尿不适,肛门旁出现局部红肿疼痛,继之破溃流出脓液。确保疗效的关键步骤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "瘘管切开,形成敞开的创面", "B": "抗感染治疗后手术", "C": "明确破溃外口和内口的位置", "D": "1:5000高锰酸钾溶液坐浴"}, "answer": "明确破溃外口和内口的位置", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "子宫肌瘤最常见的类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌壁间肌瘤", "B": "黏膜下肌瘤", "C": "阔韧带肌瘤", "D": "宫颈肌瘤"}, "answer": "肌壁间肌瘤", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.上叙哪项是氨在肝脏中合成尿素的主要中间物质?(  )", "options": {"A": "丙氨酸和谷氨酰胺", "B": "谷氨酸和丙氨酸", "C": "瓜氨酸和精氨酸", "D": "半胱氨酸和瓜氨酸"}, "answer": "瓜氨酸和精氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "产气荚膜梭菌可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "假膜性肠炎", "B": "烫伤样皮肤综合征", "C": "败血症", "D": "气性坏疽"}, "answer": "气性坏疽", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,26岁。因腹部外伤急诊入院,行剖腹探查,见肝右叶8cm长裂口,较深,有不易控制的动脉性出血。术中最有效的止血方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全身和局部同时应用止血药物", "B": "明胶海绵或氧化纤维填入裂口", "C": "填塞大网膜后缝合裂口", "D": "阻断肝门血流后止血"}, "answer": "阻断肝门血流后止血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男性,55岁,因神志不清3小时入院,家中生煤火,室内有农药瓶,既往患有糖尿病15年。3.如果检查确诊为一氧化碳中毒,首要的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低温疗法", "B": "纠正缺氧", "C": "促进脑细胞功能恢复", "D": "维持水盐平衡"}, "answer": "纠正缺氧", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿3岁,因发热,头痛,呕吐3天伴强直性抽搐2次入院。体检:意识模糊,营养差,颈抵抗阳性,右侧鼻唇沟较浅,右眼闭合不全,心肺腹未见异常,Kernig征、Barbinski征阳性,脑脊液蛋白0.8g/L,糖2.24mmol/L(400mg/100ml),氯化物100mmol/L(585mg/dl),白细胞60×106/L(60/mm3),多核细胞45%,单核细胞55%。2.为进一步明确诊断,最有价值的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "做结核菌素试验", "B": "做血培养", "C": "脑脊液乳酸盐测定", "D": "脑脊液找菌"}, "answer": "脑脊液找菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "内科医生王某,在春节探家的火车上遇到一位产妇临产,因车上无其他医务人员,王某遂协助产妇分娩。在分娩过程中,因牵拉过度,导致新生儿左上肢臂丛神经损伤。王某行为的性质为(  )。", "options": {"A": "属于违规操作,构成医疗事故", "B": "属于非法行医,不属医疗事故", "C": "属于见义勇为,不构成医疗事故", "D": "虽造成不良后果,但不属医疗事故"}, "answer": "虽造成不良后果,但不属医疗事故", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,45岁。腹部撞伤后脐周疼痛2小时,呈持续性,伴恶心,无呕吐,腹部疼痛范围迅速扩大。查体:P 126次/min,BP 146/90mmHg,全腹肌紧张,压痛和反跳痛阳性,肠鸣音消失。准备剖腹探查。手术治疗的原则不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "尽量分离粘连组织", "B": "处理原发病灶", "C": "关腹前用生理盐水反复冲洗腹腔", "D": "术后禁食并胃肠减压"}, "answer": "尽量分离粘连组织", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在脊髓损伤中,下列哪项表现是不可能出现的?(  )", "options": {"A": "双上肢瘫痪", "B": "双下肢瘫痪", "C": "截瘫", "D": "节段性瘫痪"}, "answer": "节段性瘫痪", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,38岁,发热、腰痛5天,无尿2天,诊断为流行性出血热。经利尿等治疗,无明显好转,现患者烦躁不安,颜面潮红,眼睑浮肿,血压170/95mmHg,心率120次/min,脉洪大,体表静脉充盈。1.现有情况应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "心力衰竭", "B": "高血容量综合征", "C": "高血压脑病", "D": "急性肾功能不全"}, "answer": "高血容量综合征", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "软组织挫伤早期正确的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用镇痛药", "B": "热敷", "C": "冷敷", "D": "理疗"}, "answer": "冷敷", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "诊断结肠癌最可靠的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线钡剂灌肠", "B": "MRI", "C": "CT检查", "D": "结肠镜,并做病理检查"}, "answer": "结肠镜,并做病理检查", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "25岁初孕妇,孕39周,未经产前检查。诉下肢水肿半个月,近3日头痛,今晨出现视物不清及头痛加重,且呕吐2次,查尿蛋白2.5g/24h。1.体格检查时最可能发现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心率>110次/min", "B": "血压160/110mmHg", "C": "脾大", "D": "肾区叩痛"}, "answer": "血压160/110mmHg", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.心源性休克患者心率缓慢,宜选用哪种药物治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "低分子右旋糖酐", "B": "酚妥拉明", "C": "多巴酚丁胺", "D": "糖皮质激素"}, "answer": "多巴酚丁胺", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "诱发破伤风全身肌肉痉挛不常见的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "光线", "B": "温度", "C": "声音", "D": "碰触"}, "answer": "温度", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.急性心肌梗死,肺部有湿啰音,但啰音范围小于1/2肺野,判断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "Killip Ⅰ级", "B": "Killip Ⅱ级", "C": "Killip Ⅲ级", "D": "NYHA Ⅱ级"}, "answer": "Killip Ⅱ级", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胎盘的组成为(  )。", "options": {"A": "羊膜、叶状绒毛膜和底蜕膜", "B": "羊膜、平滑绒毛膜和包蜕膜", "C": "羊膜、叶状绒毛膜和包蜕膜", "D": "羊膜、平滑绒毛膜和真蜕膜"}, "answer": "羊膜、叶状绒毛膜和底蜕膜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿急性肾炎严重循环充血,不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "心搏出量下降", "B": "心脏扩大", "C": "肝增大", "D": "心率增快"}, "answer": "心搏出量下降", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肿瘤的特异性免疫治疗是应用(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹疫苗", "B": "短棒状杆菌疫苗", "C": "接种自身疫苗", "D": "白细胞介素-2"}, "answer": "接种自身疫苗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,56岁。饮酒史30余年。20年前下岗后饮酒量渐增加,每天白酒1斤,从未间断。进食少,体型消瘦。能间断外出打零工,生活基本正常。10年前常无故怀疑妻子有外遇。近2年记忆力明显下降,易忘事。4天前患者被摩托车撞伤致胫骨骨折,住院拟行手术治疗,故停酒3天。昨晚患者看见地板上有各种虫子在爬,大喊大叫称床底下着火了,紧张害怕。不认识爱人,不知道自己在什么地方。1.该患者目前处于(  )。", "options": {"A": "妄想状态", "B": "谵妄状态", "C": "幻觉状态", "D": "痴呆状态"}, "answer": "谵妄状态", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于分娩的概念正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "妊娠满31周至不满42周分娩为足月产", "B": "妊娠42周之后分娩为过期产", "C": "妊娠满28周至不满31周分娩为早产", "D": "妊娠满31周至不满37周分娩为足月产"}, "answer": "妊娠42周之后分娩为过期产", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不侵犯中枢神经系统的病毒是(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹病毒", "B": "狂犬病毒", "C": "腺病毒", "D": "单纯疱疹病毒"}, "answer": "腺病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.孕38周出生,体重2450g被称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "足月小样儿", "B": "低出生体重儿", "C": "早产儿", "D": "巨大儿"}, "answer": "低出生体重儿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "重度新生儿寒冷损伤综合征患儿复温时间为(  )。", "options": {"A": "12~24小时", "B": "0~1小时", "C": "6~12小时", "D": "3~6小时"}, "answer": "12~24小时", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,45岁。上腹痛伴烧心4年。多在餐后约1小时出现剑突下疼痛,1~2小时后可缓解。内科规范治疗1年,症状反复发作,曾有2次黑便。胃镜及X线钡剂造影均在胃角处见直径1.6cm大小溃疡,决定手术治疗。首选的术式为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃大部切除毕Ⅰ式吻合术", "B": "选择性迷走神经切断术加引流术", "C": "Roux-en-Y吻合术加迷走神经干切断术", "D": "胃大部切除毕Ⅱ式吻合术"}, "answer": "胃大部切除毕Ⅰ式吻合术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肠伤寒发病1周之内,取哪一种标本,细菌检出率最高?(  )", "options": {"A": "尿液", "B": "血液", "C": "胃液", "D": "粪便"}, "answer": "血液", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "动脉瘤最典型的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "压迫症状", "B": "搏动性肿块", "C": "破裂出血", "D": "体积增大伴疼痛、感染"}, "answer": "搏动性肿块", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,8岁。3周前曾患脓疱病,水肿、少尿、肉眼血尿3天,BP 150/105mmHg。尿常规:蛋白(+),大量红细胞,管型1~2/HP,ASO升高,红细胞沉降率增快,血补体C3下降。3.血补体C3恢复正常的时间多为起病后(  )。", "options": {"A": "12~24周", "B": "4~8周", "C": "8~12周", "D": "1~2周"}, "answer": "8~12周", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,18岁。月经不规律2年,阴道大量流血2周,贫血貌。B超示子宫及双侧附件未见异常,血FSH、LH、T、PRL水平正常。2.经过治疗止血并撤退性出血后,应采用的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "雌孕激素序贯疗法", "B": "雌激素治疗", "C": "孕激素治疗", "D": "雄激素治疗"}, "answer": "雌孕激素序贯疗法", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "未婚女性,24岁,闭经2年。肛诊:子宫正常大小,孕激素试验阴性。下一步应进行的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "染色体检查", "B": "激素水平测定", "C": "基础体温测定", "D": "雌激素试验"}, "answer": "雌激素试验", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,2岁半,发热、咳嗽3天,气急半天。出生后3个月发现心脏有杂音,曾患肺炎5次,并发心力衰竭1次。查体:消瘦,唇周青紫,有轻度鼻扇,体温39℃(R),心率150次/分,呼吸50次/分,心前区隆起,胸骨左缘第3、4肋间有收缩期震颤伴Ⅲ级全收缩期杂音,广泛传导,两肺背部有细湿啰音,肝肋下2cm。EKG示RV530cm。胸片示两肺下部有炎性渗出病灶,肺动脉段凸出,左心室扩大,主动脉弓小。2.入院后给予下列治疗,哪项是不妥的?(  )", "options": {"A": "酚妥拉明", "B": "毛花苷C", "C": "氧气吸入", "D": "头孢拉定"}, "answer": "毛花苷C", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "最常见的偏头痛类型为(  )。", "options": {"A": "典型偏头痛", "B": "普通型偏头痛", "C": "特殊型偏头痛", "D": "血管性头痛"}, "answer": "普通型偏头痛", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.医师对患者应承担的责任是(  )。", "options": {"A": "关心,爱护,尊重患者,保护患者隐私", "B": "努力消除歧视,促进医疗卫生资源的公平分配", "C": "努力钻研业务,更新知识,提高专业技术水平", "D": "提高道德修养水平"}, "answer": "关心,爱护,尊重患者,保护患者隐私", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "手术创伤并术后禁食期间,患者机体代谢变化为(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋白分解增加、糖异生减少、脂肪分解增加", "B": "蛋白分解增加、糖异生增加、脂肪分解增加", "C": "蛋白分解增加、糖异生减少、脂肪分解减少", "D": "蛋白分解减少、糖异生增加、脂肪分解增加"}, "answer": "蛋白分解增加、糖异生增加、脂肪分解增加", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪项不属于钩端螺旋体病后的并发症?(  )", "options": {"A": "虹膜睫状体炎", "B": "后发热", "C": "反应性胸膜炎", "D": "肾损害"}, "answer": "肾损害", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "可分泌肾素的结构是肾(  )。", "options": {"A": "系膜细胞", "B": "致密斑", "C": "间质细胞", "D": "颗粒细胞"}, "answer": "颗粒细胞", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "风湿性疾病关节表现下述哪一项不常见?(  )", "options": {"A": "关节肿胀", "B": "晨僵", "C": "关节压痛", "D": "手的掌指关节有桡侧偏斜"}, "answer": "手的掌指关节有桡侧偏斜", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "确诊感染性心内膜炎最重要的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血培养", "B": "血白细胞计数", "C": "血红细胞计数", "D": "血沉检查"}, "answer": "血培养", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "致热的炎症介质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "组织胺", "B": "缓激肽", "C": "TNF", "D": "白三烯"}, "answer": "TNF", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.在调查研究中,先将总体按照某种特征分成若干组群,然后在每组群中进行随机抽样的方法为(  )。", "options": {"A": "分层抽样", "B": "系统抽样", "C": "整群抽样", "D": "普查"}, "answer": "分层抽样", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列疾病中,骨髓有核红细胞出现“核老浆幼”现象的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "巨幼红细胞性贫血", "B": "缺铁性贫血", "C": "骨髓增生异常综合症", "D": "再障"}, "answer": "缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,22岁。咳嗽伴发热3天,给予青霉素静滴抗感染治疗,用药后患者突然出现气急、胸闷、烦躁不安。查体:T 38.5℃,P 140次/分,R 37次/分,BP 75/40mmHg,面色苍白,大汗淋漓。两肺可闻及喘鸣音。身体多部位红色皮疹。最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性左心衰竭", "B": "哮喘急性发作", "C": "过敏性休克", "D": "感染性休克"}, "answer": "过敏性休克", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,45岁。右上腹痛2天,伴恶心呕吐,今起疼痛阵发性加剧,伴畏寒发热。体检:体温38℃,巩膜无黄染,右上腹有压痛。诊断首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性阑尾炎", "B": "急性胆囊炎", "C": "胃十二指肠溃疡", "D": "胆囊癌"}, "answer": "急性胆囊炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肾细胞癌最常见的病理类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "透明细胞癌", "B": "未分类肾细胞癌", "C": "嫌色细胞癌", "D": "集合管癌"}, "answer": "透明细胞癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.左颞叶钩回疝眼征(  )。", "options": {"A": "左侧瞳孔散大", "B": "双瞳孔散大", "C": "双眼向上凝视", "D": "双眼向下凝视"}, "answer": "左侧瞳孔散大", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,76岁。跌倒后左髋部疼痛,不能站立行走,既往高血压、肺病、糖尿病20余年,一般状态差。查体:BP 190/110mmHg,左髋部压痛,左下肢呈短缩及外旋畸形。X线检查示股骨头下骨折,Pauwels角55°,GardenⅢ型。3.如果该患者经治疗后心肺功能良好,血压控制在130/80mmHg,空腹血糖控制在7~8mmol/L,最佳治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人工髋关节置换术", "B": "下肢中立位皮牵引", "C": "切开复位髓内钉固定", "D": "切开复位克氏针固定"}, "answer": "人工髋关节置换术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "属于永久性细胞的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "表皮细胞", "B": "间皮细胞", "C": "神经细胞", "D": "淋巴造血细胞"}, "answer": "神经细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一般不首选肠外营养治疗的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "严重脓毒症患者", "B": "脑外伤昏迷者", "C": "小肠仅剩50cm者", "D": "急性重症胰腺炎患者"}, "answer": "脑外伤昏迷者", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医患交往障碍在医生方面的原因可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医疗技术不过硬", "B": "只看病不看人", "C": "以科研价值衡量病人", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.分解后产能最多的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄糖", "B": "硬脂酸", "C": "三磷酸腺苷", "D": "磷酸肌醇"}, "answer": "硬脂酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一新生儿生后不哭,四肢青紫,心率90次/分,对刺激无反应,下肢伸直。3.首选治疗措施(  )。", "options": {"A": "清理呼吸道,复苏囊加压给氧", "B": "心脏按压观察心率", "C": "给肾上腺素观察心率", "D": "机械通气治疗"}, "answer": "清理呼吸道,复苏囊加压给氧", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "将细胞因子基因导入体内,使之发挥免疫调节作用。通过直接抑制肿瘤细胞生长或间接激活抗肿瘤免疫功能等机制达到治疗肿瘤的目的的方法属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "过继免疫治疗", "B": "免疫调节", "C": "免疫导向治疗", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "以上都不是", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医疗机构工作人员上岗工作,必须佩带(  )。", "options": {"A": "载有本人姓名、年龄和专业的标牌", "B": "载有本人姓名、专业和职务的标牌", "C": "载有本人姓名、职务或者职称的标牌", "D": "载有本人姓名、职称及科室的标牌"}, "answer": "载有本人姓名、职务或者职称的标牌", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,38岁。接触性出血1个月余,白带有恶臭。妇科检查:宫颈Ⅱ度糜烂,前唇有5cm×3cm质地脆赘生物,易出血。子宫正常大,三合诊(-)。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫颈息肉", "B": "子宫颈癌", "C": "子宫颈结核", "D": "子宫内膜异位症"}, "answer": "子宫颈癌", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3岁小儿,出生时接种卡介苗,现结核菌素试验72h结果,硬结20mm,持续7天后留有色素。最大可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "活动性结核病", "B": "皮试局部感染", "C": "免疫力增强", "D": "分枝杆菌交叉感染"}, "answer": "活动性结核病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,28岁,病人机械地重复一句话:“我要去北京……我要去北京……我要去北京……”(  )。", "options": {"A": "刻板言语", "B": "模仿言语", "C": "重复言语", "D": "思维不连贯"}, "answer": "刻板言语", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.正常足月儿配方乳喂养的间隔时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "0.5小时", "B": "1小时", "C": "2小时", "D": "3小时"}, "answer": "3小时", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不是由主动脉瓣病变引起主动脉瓣关闭不全的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "感染性心内膜炎", "B": "先天性二叶主动脉瓣", "C": "梅毒性主动脉炎", "D": "心肌炎"}, "answer": "梅毒性主动脉炎", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,40岁,腰痛伴右下肢放射痛2个月,反复发作,与劳累有关,咳嗽、用力排便时可加重疼痛。查体:右直腿抬高试验阳性,加强试验阳性。X线片示L4椎间隙变窄。1.其最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性腰扭伤", "B": "腰椎横突综合征", "C": "腰椎管狭窄症", "D": "腰椎间盘突出症"}, "answer": "腰椎间盘突出症", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,62岁。反复咳嗽、喘息15年。1个月前搬入新居后再发加重。口服“茶碱类”药物有所缓解。查体:双肺呼吸音低,呼气相延长。胸部X线片未见明显异常,肺功能检查示FEV1/FVC 56%,舒张试验示FEV1改善率12%。该患者应首选考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病", "B": "支气管哮喘", "C": "慢性充血性心力衰竭", "D": "过敏性肺炎"}, "answer": "支气管哮喘", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.经产前诊断,胎儿患严重遗传性疾病,应进行(  )。", "options": {"A": "婚前医学检查", "B": "遗传病诊断", "C": "严重传染病诊断", "D": "终止妊娠"}, "answer": "终止妊娠", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,42岁,2个月来,情绪低落,兴趣索然,自觉“高兴不起来”,生不如死,“自己的脑子不灵了”,“像是生了锈的机器”,认为自己成了家庭和社会的累赘,“成了废物”,有胸闷、心悸、心慌的症状,自认为有严重心脏病,不能治愈。主动性言语及活动明显减少,生活被动,愿独处。曾多次自杀未遂,睡眠不好,早醒。2.哪项不是该病人的思维表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "思维云集", "B": "疑病观念", "C": "自杀企图", "D": "自责自罪观念"}, "answer": "思维云集", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.肝细胞胞质内嗜酸性小体属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞水肿", "B": "脂质沉积", "C": "结缔组织玻璃样变", "D": "细胞内玻璃样变"}, "answer": "细胞内玻璃样变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.可出现Homans征阳性的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "雷诺综合征", "B": "下肢深静脉血栓形成", "C": "血栓闭塞性脉管炎", "D": "单纯性下肢静脉曲张"}, "answer": "下肢深静脉血栓形成", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.上述哪项是T淋巴细胞抗原识别受体(  )。", "options": {"A": "TCR", "B": "BCR", "C": "FCR", "D": "C4bR"}, "answer": "TCR", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "符合21-三体综合征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "常染色体畸变", "B": "常染色体显性遗传", "C": "X连锁显性遗传", "D": "X连锁隐性遗传"}, "answer": "常染色体畸变", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "炎症细胞自血管内游出,在组织内做定向运动的现象称(  )。", "options": {"A": "炎性浸润", "B": "炎性渗出", "C": "趋化作用", "D": "阿米巴样运动"}, "answer": "趋化作用", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肾结核的典型症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血尿", "B": "脓尿", "C": "腰痛", "D": "膀胱刺激征"}, "answer": "膀胱刺激征", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不符合延髓麻痹诊断的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "假性延髓麻痹为双侧皮质脑干束受损所致", "B": "真性及假性延髓麻痹均出现饮水反呛、吞咽困难及构音障碍", "C": "假性延髓麻痹时咽反射消失", "D": "真性延髓麻痹时可有舌肌瘫痪、舌肌萎缩、肌束颤动"}, "answer": "假性延髓麻痹时咽反射消失", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.对儿茶酚胺血管效应有允许作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾素", "B": "肾上腺皮质激素", "C": "降钙素", "D": "胰岛素"}, "answer": "肾上腺皮质激素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有关肛裂的描述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "老年人发病率高", "B": "多因慢性腹泻发生", "C": "应以手术治疗为主", "D": "最常见于膝胸位肛门12点处"}, "answer": "最常见于膝胸位肛门12点处", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "李某11岁,因发热、浮肿、血尿入院,自幼时常咽喉痛、发热,曾因心脏杂音卧床一个月。入院前3周又因咽痛、发热而注青霉素数日,症状消失。入院前三日又突发高热、血尿、眼睑浮肿。查体温39℃,血压稍高。化验结果:尿RBC+++,颗粒管型3~5/HP;ASO抗体85单位。该患者可能患有的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾小球肾炎", "B": "亚急性细菌性心内膜炎", "C": "急性尿路感染", "D": "急性肾盂肾炎"}, "answer": "急性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "颅内压增高的典型临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头痛,恶心,偏瘫", "B": "头痛,抽搐,意识障碍", "C": "头痛,呕吐,视神经乳头水肿", "D": "头痛,呕吐,血压升高"}, "answer": "头痛,呕吐,视神经乳头水肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项对各型癫痫都有一定疗效?(  )", "options": {"A": "苯妥英钠", "B": "卡马西平", "C": "丙戊酸钠", "D": "苯巴比妥"}, "answer": "丙戊酸钠", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.缺铁性贫血服用铁剂治疗后2~3天(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞内含铁酶开始恢复", "B": "网织红细胞开始上升", "C": "血红蛋白达到正常", "D": "网织红细胞降至正常"}, "answer": "网织红细胞开始上升", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,55岁。咳嗽、咳脓血痰伴高热2天。糖尿病病史8年。胸部X线片示双肺多发团状阴影,有空洞形成。查体:背部可见多疖肿,双肺少量湿性啰音,心、腹部未见异常。最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "大肠埃希菌肺炎", "B": "军团菌肺炎", "C": "血源性肺脓肿", "D": "肺炎克雷伯杆菌肺炎"}, "answer": "血源性肺脓肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "5岁男孩,头围50cm,身高65cm,中点在脐下,前囟指尖大小。应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "生殖腺功能不全", "B": "垂体性侏儒症", "C": "佝偻病", "D": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症"}, "answer": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于H+分泌的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有利于HCO3-的重吸收", "B": "与K+的分泌有竞争性抑制关系", "C": "与Na+的重吸收有关", "D": "对NH3分泌有抑制作用"}, "answer": "对NH3分泌有抑制作用", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "以原因不明发热为主要起病症状的霍奇金病的特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "女性较多", "B": "病变较为弥散", "C": "常不累及腹膜后淋巴结", "D": "多数都有局部或全身皮肤瘙痒"}, "answer": "病变较为弥散", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5.肥胖病人可采取(  )。", "options": {"A": "侧卧位", "B": "俯卧位", "C": "高半坐位卧位", "D": "低半坐位卧位"}, "answer": "侧卧位", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,6岁,身高80cm,智能落后,仅能数1~20个数。查体:皮肤粗糙,眼距宽,鼻梁宽平,舌宽厚,常伸于口外,毛发枯干,发际低,骨龄摄片仅有4枚骨化核。2.患儿确诊后治疗应选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "低苯丙氨酸饮食", "B": "甲状腺素", "C": "生长激素", "D": "脑活素、脑复康(吡拉西坦)"}, "answer": "甲状腺素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "45岁男性,经理,送来急诊,自述半小时前突然感到气紧,胸闷,心悸,头晕,出汗,认为生命垂危,要求紧急处理。近1个月来,这种情况发生过3次,每次持续0.5~1h,发病间隙期一切正常,发病与饮食无明显关系。3.最适宜的急诊处理为(  )。", "options": {"A": "输入葡萄糖", "B": "输入氧气", "C": "抗癫痫药", "D": "地西泮(安定)注射"}, "answer": "地西泮(安定)注射", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "应用胰岛素治疗糖尿病不恰当的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "以饮食疗法为基本治疗", "B": "血糖波动大量可加用双呱类药物", "C": "酮症酸中毒时首选普通胰岛素(RI)", "D": "高渗昏迷宜选用鱼精蛋白锌胰岛素(PZI)"}, "answer": "高渗昏迷宜选用鱼精蛋白锌胰岛素(PZI)", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "新生儿寒冷损伤综合征患儿复温后,维持正常体温的治疗关键是(  )。", "options": {"A": "补充热卡", "B": "抗感染治疗", "C": "正压通气给氧", "D": "纠正代谢紊乱"}, "answer": "补充热卡", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于枕先露分娩机制的描述,下列哪项是不恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "胎头进入骨盆以枕下前囟径衔接", "B": "俯屈、内旋转、仰伸、外旋转等动作都贯穿于下降过程", "C": "俯屈是胎头下降至骨盆轴弯曲处即盆底时受肛提肌阻力而发生的", "D": "仰伸是在枕骨下部到达耻骨联合下缘时发生的"}, "answer": "胎头进入骨盆以枕下前囟径衔接", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "β肾上腺素受体阻断药能引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "房室传导加快", "B": "脂肪分解增加", "C": "心肌细胞膜对离子通透性增加", "D": "心肌耗氧量下降"}, "answer": "心肌耗氧量下降", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.早产儿的外观特点之一是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤发亮,水肿毳毛多", "B": "肝葡萄糖醛酸基转移酶活性低", "C": "呼吸常不规则,甚至呼吸暂停", "D": "足月新生儿生后3~5天出现乳腺肿大"}, "answer": "皮肤发亮,水肿毳毛多", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "我国健康青年人在安静状态时的收缩压为(  )。", "options": {"A": "120~150mmHg", "B": "100~120mmHg", "C": "50~70mmHg", "D": "30~60mmHg"}, "answer": "100~120mmHg", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有关小儿肠道菌群建立的论述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠道菌群受食物成分的影响", "B": "母乳喂养者以大肠埃希菌为主", "C": "出生24小时后肠道开始出现细菌", "D": "人工喂养者以双歧杆菌为主"}, "answer": "肠道菌群受食物成分的影响", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "带蒂皮瓣移植术,适用于下述哪一种类型的手外伤?(  )", "options": {"A": "手部有肌腱骨外露及皮肤缺损者", "B": "手部感染者", "C": "手部皮肤浅度烧伤", "D": "手部皮肤单纯缺损伤"}, "answer": "手部有肌腱骨外露及皮肤缺损者", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "多巴胺舒张肾血管是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "阻断α受体", "B": "激动β受体", "C": "激动多巴胺受体", "D": "使组胺释放"}, "answer": "激动多巴胺受体", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "30岁初产妇,孕38周,规律宫缩18小时,肛查宫口8cm,先露0。胎膜未破,腹部触诊为头先露,宫缩时宫体部不硬,持续30秒,间隔5分钟,胎心140次/分,B型超声检查示胎儿双顶径为9.0cm。3.若破膜后发现羊水为棕黄色,最合适的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即剖宫产", "B": "持续吸氧,等待宫口开全", "C": "产钳助娩", "D": "观察1小时后再决定"}, "answer": "立即剖宫产", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "哪一项是乳腺囊性增生症的主要处理措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "理疗", "B": "手术", "C": "定期复查", "D": "服药"}, "answer": "定期复查", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,30岁,跌倒时手掌撑地肩外展外旋。出现肩痛,肿胀,活动受限,查体Dugas征阳性。该病人肩部的畸形是(  )。", "options": {"A": "屈曲外展,外旋", "B": "屈曲内收,内旋", "C": "方肩", "D": "肩过度膨隆"}, "answer": "方肩", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1~2岁幼儿1年中身高约增长(  )。", "options": {"A": "5cm", "B": "10cm", "C": "12cm", "D": "13cm"}, "answer": "10cm", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,40岁,乏力、腹胀半年。查:贫血貌,肝于右肋下1cm触及,脾于左肋下8cm触及;Hb70g/L,WBC:250×109/L,分类可见中、晚幼粒为主,PLT 400×109/L,NAP积分降低。可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓纤维化", "B": "慢性粒细胞白血病", "C": "类白血病反应", "D": "黑热病"}, "answer": "慢性粒细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿骨髓外造血的器官是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆囊", "B": "脾脏", "C": "淋巴管", "D": "盲肠"}, "answer": "脾脏", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于知觉障碍下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "多见于颞叶癫痫和脑器质性病变", "B": "一般在意识清晰时产生", "C": "患者对大小、空间的体验障碍", "D": "患者对自身形态的体验障碍"}, "answer": "多见于颞叶癫痫和脑器质性病变", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男孩,3岁。发热伴咳嗽3天,加重伴呼吸困难1天,自服抗生素治疗。查体:T 39℃,嗜睡,精神反应差,躯干可见散在脓疱疹,呼吸急促,双肺可闻及散在中、小水泡音。实验室检查:血WBC 18×109/L,N 0.85,L 0.12。1.该患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎支原体肺炎", "B": "肺炎衣原体肺炎", "C": "呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,46岁。突发剧烈疼痛,呈撕裂状,累及胸骨后及上腹部,伴大汗,持续1小时不缓解。既往高血压病史5年。查体:BP 200/110mmHg,双肺呼吸音清,心率100次/分,律齐,心脏各瓣膜区听诊未闻及杂音,心电图:左室高电压伴V4~V6导联ST段压低0.1mV。2.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "张力性气胸", "B": "不稳定型心绞痛", "C": "肺动脉栓塞", "D": "主动脉夹层"}, "answer": "主动脉夹层", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.肠易激综合征腹痛的规律是(  )。", "options": {"A": "无明显规律性", "B": "疼痛→排便→加重", "C": "疼痛进食缓解", "D": "疼痛→排便缓解"}, "answer": "疼痛→排便缓解", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,42岁,2年前诊断为原发性慢性肾上腺皮质功能减退症,长期口服氢化可的松(30mg/d)替代治疗。近2d发热38℃,咽痛。目前氢化可的松应(  )。", "options": {"A": "改用等效量的地塞米松", "B": "剂量减少1/2", "C": "剂量维持不变", "D": "剂量增加为2~3倍"}, "answer": "剂量增加为2~3倍", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "临床预防服务的对象是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病房病人", "B": "健康人", "C": "传染病病人", "D": "慢性病病人"}, "answer": "健康人", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对甲状旁腺激素和降钙素对血钙调节作用的比较,下列哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "甲状旁腺激素有升高血钙的作用,降钙素作用相反", "B": "两者的分泌都受血钙水平的调节", "C": "甲状旁腺激素分泌启动快", "D": "降钙素对维生素D3的活化没有促进作用"}, "answer": "甲状旁腺激素分泌启动快", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于抗原结合价错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗原的结合价是指能和抗体分子结合的免疫优势集团的数目", "B": "抗原的结合价是指能和抗体分子结合的功能性决定簇的数目", "C": "半抗原为一价", "D": "天然抗原是多价抗原"}, "answer": "抗原的结合价是指能和抗体分子结合的免疫优势集团的数目", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,35岁,半年来逐渐贫血,不发热,无出血症状,尿呈浓茶色,巩膜可轻度黄疸,肝脾不肿大,血红蛋白82g/L,白细胞5.6×109/L,血小板93×109/L,网织红细胞5%,为确诊应选下列哪项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "血清铁适量", "B": "骨髓穿刺", "C": "抗人球蛋白试验", "D": "酸化血清溶血试验"}, "answer": "酸化血清溶血试验", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.既阻断β受体又阻断α受体的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "普萘洛尔", "B": "拉贝洛尔", "C": "酚妥拉明", "D": "美托洛尔"}, "answer": "拉贝洛尔", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,60岁。因剧烈胸痛4小时入院治疗,心电图示窦性心律,心率55次/分,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联ST段抬高0.3mV,其余导联ST段正常。介入治疗前植入临时起搏器起搏心室,以60次/分频率起搏时,监测动脉血压由100/70mmHg降低至85/60mmHg。导致这种血压变化的最可能原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "合并右心室梗死,右室排血减少致左室充盈减少", "B": "起搏心律时心率增快,舒张期缩短导致回心血量减少", "C": "起搏心律时心肌收缩力较弱致心排血量降低", "D": "起搏时失去心房收缩对心室的充盈作用,左室充盈减少"}, "answer": "起搏时失去心房收缩对心室的充盈作用,左室充盈减少", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "重度脱水伴循环障碍,扩容阶段的治疗哪项不恰当(  )。", "options": {"A": "有重度酸中毒时可用1.4%碳酸氢钠扩容", "B": "液体量20ml/kg", "C": "同时补钾,浓度不超过0.3%", "D": "输液速度为30~60分钟内静脉快速滴注"}, "answer": "同时补钾,浓度不超过0.3%", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,49岁,进油腻饮食后上腹痛7小时,伴呕吐。疼痛呈持续性,向腰背部放射,蜷曲体位稍减轻,排成形大便1次。查体:左中上腹部明显压痛,无反跳痛,墨菲征阴性。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性阑尾炎", "B": "急性胰腺炎", "C": "急性胆囊炎", "D": "急性肠梗阻"}, "answer": "急性胰腺炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,37岁。因有明显的幻觉及妄想表现而到医院就诊。经询问病情后,医生欲采用心理测验对其进行评估,以协助诊断。针对该患者,通常可采用的心理测验工具为(  )。", "options": {"A": "EPQ", "B": "MMPI", "C": "SCL-90", "D": "TAT"}, "answer": "SCL-90", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心肌梗死最先出现和最突出的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "恶心、呕吐、腹痛", "B": "剧烈胸痛", "C": "腹泻", "D": "发热"}, "answer": "剧烈胸痛", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.病人感到自己的身体不由自主地由外力操纵(  )。", "options": {"A": "被控制感", "B": "错觉", "C": "听幻觉", "D": "似曾相识"}, "answer": "被控制感", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述对感觉障碍的判断哪一项错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "脊髓半侧损害可出现病变平面以下的同侧深感觉障碍,对侧痛温觉障碍", "B": "周围神经末梢性损害可出现四肢远端对称性手套袜套型深浅感觉障碍", "C": "丘脑病损可引起同侧偏身感觉减退或缺失,深感觉障碍重于浅感觉", "D": "皮层性感觉障碍主要表现为实体觉、两点辨别等复合感觉障碍"}, "answer": "丘脑病损可引起同侧偏身感觉减退或缺失,深感觉障碍重于浅感觉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为易侵犯中枢神经系统的白血病?(  )", "options": {"A": "急性粒细胞性白血病", "B": "急性早幼粒细胞性白血病", "C": "急性淋巴细胞性白血病", "D": "慢性粒细胞性白血病"}, "answer": "急性淋巴细胞性白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.不按规定使用麻醉药品、精神药物、情节严重的,由卫生行政部门给予的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "暂停职业活动3个月至6个月", "B": "暂停职业活动6个月至1年", "C": "给予行政处分", "D": "吊销医师职业证书"}, "answer": "吊销医师职业证书", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "足月新生儿,臀位产,生后1min、5min、10min Apgar评分分别为4、6、8分。生后12h,小儿烦躁,肢体抖动,体检:体温正常,前囟饱满,肌张力增高,双眼凝视,瞳孔等大,心、肺听诊正常,血白细胞数11.0×109/L,N 0.65;血钙2.4mmol/L,血糖2.5mmol/L。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病", "B": "新生儿颅内出血", "C": "新生儿败血症合并化脓性脑膜炎", "D": "新生儿低钙惊厥"}, "answer": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列有关肠内营养的论点,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠内营养途径优于肠外营养,因而只要肠道有功能就应行肠内营养", "B": "肠内营养不可能发生高血糖和高渗性酮症昏迷", "C": "要素饮食因渗透压较高,较多发生胃肠道和代谢合并症", "D": "肠内营养可防止肠粘膜萎缩和维护胃肠道粘膜的防御系统"}, "answer": "肠内营养不可能发生高血糖和高渗性酮症昏迷", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,68岁。急性前壁心肌梗死,为预防再梗和猝死,如无禁忌证,宜尽早使用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硝苯地平", "B": "阿托品", "C": "美托洛尔", "D": "地高辛"}, "answer": "美托洛尔", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪种细胞无抗肿瘤作用(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD8+CTL", "B": "巨噬细胞", "C": "红细胞", "D": "中性粒细胞"}, "answer": "红细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对糖尿病患者进行术前准备,说法正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "禁食患者需维持血糖轻度升高状态", "B": "口服长效降糖药者需在术前一天停药", "C": "平时应用胰岛素者,术前不能停用", "D": "酮症酸中毒患者无需处理,可接受急症手术"}, "answer": "禁食患者需维持血糖轻度升高状态", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,35岁。G2P1,停经70天,下腹隐痛,阴道不规则流血6天,子宫达脐水平,尿hCG(+)。1.首选的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B超检查", "B": "血hCG", "C": "诊断刮宫", "D": "PPD试验"}, "answer": "B超检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者能从治疗性医患关系中感受到重视、真诚、理解、协调、信赖,患者在直接经验、平等合作、促进成长的治疗方式中实现态度和行为的转变。这种心理治疗方法属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "自由联想法", "B": "放松训练法", "C": "合理情绪法", "D": "患者中心疗法"}, "answer": "患者中心疗法", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.肺活量和余气量之和为(  )。", "options": {"A": "时间肺活量", "B": "每分通气量", "C": "肺总量", "D": "肺泡通气量"}, "answer": "肺总量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "真核生物核DNA复制方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "混合式复制", "B": "滚环复制", "C": "半保留复制", "D": "全保留复制"}, "answer": "半保留复制", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于病毒性肺炎临床表现的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "并发胸腔积液者较多见", "B": "发热、头痛、全身酸痛等全身症状较突出", "C": "肺部体征为较典型的肺炎体征", "D": "感染可波及肺泡,但较少侵犯肺间质"}, "answer": "发热、头痛、全身酸痛等全身症状较突出", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是能够产生抗体的结构?(  )", "options": {"A": "未活化的B细胞", "B": "浆细胞", "C": "NK细胞", "D": "B细胞"}, "answer": "浆细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于内毒素错误的叙述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对组织器官的毒害效应有选择性", "B": "伤寒沙门菌内毒素导致白细胞减少", "C": "可导致休克、DIC", "D": "可引起微循环障碍"}, "answer": "对组织器官的毒害效应有选择性", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿3岁,近1年多,哭甚时出现青紫,查体:心前区隆起,胸骨左缘第3~4肋间闻及Ⅳ级收缩期杂音,可触及震颤,X线检查示:左右心室及左心房增大,肺血管影增多,肺动脉段凸出。3.此患儿如出现了永久性青紫,说明(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉系统淤血", "B": "形成艾森曼格综合征", "C": "合并了肺水肿", "D": "合并了心力衰竭"}, "answer": "形成艾森曼格综合征", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.不支持风湿热诊断的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血沉增快", "B": "抗链球菌抗体增高", "C": "骨关节面损伤", "D": "关节痛伴皮疹压之不褪色"}, "answer": "骨关节面损伤", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "社区获得性肺炎的病原体中,常见的革兰阴性杆菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "厌氧菌", "B": "大肠埃希菌", "C": "流感嗜血杆菌", "D": "肺炎克雷伯杆菌"}, "answer": "流感嗜血杆菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肱骨髁上骨折好发于(  )。", "options": {"A": "老年女性", "B": "老年男性", "C": "中年男性", "D": "小儿"}, "answer": "小儿", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.病人体验到脑内概念不断涌现,一个意念接着一个意念。该症状属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "强迫性思维", "B": "思维奔逸", "C": "强制性思维", "D": "思维插入"}, "answer": "思维奔逸", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "百日咳免疫特点不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "可产生多种特异性抗体", "B": "细胞免疫起主要作用", "C": "抵抗再感染的主要因素是黏膜局部的分泌型IgA", "D": "母体血清IgG可保护新生儿不受感染"}, "answer": "母体血清IgG可保护新生儿不受感染", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "克雷伯杆菌肺炎的X线表现出现叶间隙下坠,其机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺泡内的渗出液由Cohn孔向周围肺泡蔓延所致", "B": "病变中的炎性渗出液黏稠而重", "C": "细菌在细胞内生长繁殖,引起组织坏死、液化形成", "D": "肺泡内的渗出含有较多的红白细胞"}, "answer": "病变中的炎性渗出液黏稠而重", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,68岁。阵发性腹痛1年,自觉有“气块”在腹中窜动,起初大便次数增加,近3个月腹胀、便秘,近3天无肛门排气、排便,呕吐物有粪便臭味,一直感乏力和低热。3.禁忌使用的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部B超", "B": "全消化道钡餐造影", "C": "腹部X线平片", "D": "腹部CT"}, "answer": "全消化道钡餐造影", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "腹膜返折以上直肠癌早期淋巴转移的主要途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "向直肠上动脉旁淋巴结转移", "B": "向髂内淋巴结转移", "C": "向直肠下动脉旁淋巴结转移", "D": "向侧方淋巴结转移"}, "answer": "向直肠上动脉旁淋巴结转移", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "细菌性痢疾与阿米巴痢疾的最重要鉴别点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "起病急慢的不同", "B": "发热程度的不同", "C": "腹痛部位不同", "D": "大便镜检病原体不同"}, "answer": "大便镜检病原体不同", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于高压蒸汽灭菌法,错误的描述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "灭菌效果最可靠", "B": "适用于对耐高温和耐湿物品的灭菌", "C": "通畅灭菌压力为2.05kg/cm2", "D": "通畅灭菌温度为121.3℃"}, "answer": "通畅灭菌压力为2.05kg/cm2", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于胃食管反流病患者,需要定期接受内镜复查的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "非糜烂性胃食管反流病", "B": "合并食管裂孔疝", "C": "Barrett食管", "D": "伴有咽部异物感"}, "answer": "Barrett食管", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "腹部脏器中最容易受损伤的器官是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脾", "B": "胰", "C": "胃", "D": "膀胱"}, "answer": "脾", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不是由A群溶血性链球菌引起的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "亚急性细菌性心内膜炎", "B": "急性肾小球肾炎", "C": "猩红热", "D": "败血症"}, "answer": "亚急性细菌性心内膜炎", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,32岁。低热伴下腹痛2个月,大便3次/日,黄稀便,无脓血,腹部B超示右下腹肠壁增厚。对诊断最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结肠X线钡餐检查", "B": "腹部X线平片", "C": "结肠镜", "D": "腹腔镜"}, "answer": "结肠镜", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "冬季出生一男婴,足月顺产,现已4个月,体重5.8kg,只中乳喂养,未添加辅食。近日来,婴儿多烦躁,易激惹,夜惊、多汗,血钙、血磷、碱性磷酸酶正常。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "惊吓", "B": "佝偻病活动期", "C": "佝偻病早期", "D": "先天性佝偻病"}, "answer": "佝偻病早期", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.血吸虫病肠改变(  )。", "options": {"A": "溃疡长轴与肠的长轴平行", "B": "溃疡长轴与肠的长轴垂直", "C": "肠黏膜有大小不等溃疡,严重者至肠腔狭窄", "D": "溃疡大小形状不一,呈地图状"}, "answer": "肠黏膜有大小不等溃疡,严重者至肠腔狭窄", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "羊水栓塞时,病理诊断的主要依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺小动脉和毛细血管内有羊水成分", "B": "肺水肿和出血", "C": "肺泡腔内有角化上皮和胎粪小体等", "D": "微血管内透明血栓"}, "answer": "肺小动脉和毛细血管内有羊水成分", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列有关慢性炎症的描述,哪项是错误的(  )。", "options": {"A": "病变持续时间长", "B": "以增生性病变为主", "C": "炎症细胞浸润以巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞为主", "D": "属于抗损伤的修复性反应"}, "answer": "属于抗损伤的修复性反应", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者做肛管直肠周围脓肿切开引流术后,最有可能出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "痔", "B": "肛瘘", "C": "肛门狭窄", "D": "肛裂"}, "answer": "肛瘘", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.结核性脑膜炎的脑脊液改变(  )。", "options": {"A": "白细胞50×106/L,淋巴细胞为主,蛋白0.8g/L,糖1.5mmol/L", "B": "白细胞2000×106/L,中性粒细胞为主,蛋白1g/L,糖1.5mmol/L", "C": "白细胞50×106/L,淋巴细胞为主,蛋白0.8g/L,糖3.5mmol/L", "D": "白细胞5×106/L,淋巴细胞为主,蛋白0.3g/L,糖2.5mol/L"}, "answer": "白细胞50×106/L,淋巴细胞为主,蛋白0.8g/L,糖1.5mmol/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.奠定中国医学人道传统的文献是(  )。", "options": {"A": "《黄帝内经》", "B": "宋国宾的《医业伦理学》", "C": "希波克拉底的《希波克拉底誓言》", "D": "帕茨瓦尔的《医学伦理学》"}, "answer": "《黄帝内经》", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,65岁。近半年来反复出现头痛,头晕,今晨在突然转头时感眩晕耳鸣,恶心呕吐,摔倒在地,2分钟后缓解。既往曾类似发作2次,X线片示颈5~6椎体后缘骨质增生,椎间隙明显变窄,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经根型颈椎病", "B": "交感神经型颈椎病", "C": "椎动脉型颈椎病", "D": "癫痫发作"}, "answer": "椎动脉型颈椎病", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "用“鸡尾酒”疗法治疗AIDS病,病人症状好转,寿命延长,但血液中仍可查到病毒,其主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人出现抗药性", "B": "不能坚持用药", "C": "长期使用抑制造血功能", "D": "不能杀死神经细胞和巨噬细胞内的HIV"}, "answer": "不能杀死神经细胞和巨噬细胞内的HIV", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "12岁女性,自10岁起下肢青紫,逐渐加重,体检:胸骨左缘第2肋间闻及2/6级收缩期杂音,P2亢进,血气分析提示:右桡动脉血氧饱和度96%,股动脉血氧饱和度80%。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "动脉导管未闭", "D": "肺动脉狭窄"}, "answer": "动脉导管未闭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,38岁。会阴部不适,双侧睾丸疼痛1年。社区医院按“前列腺炎”治疗效果不明显,近期症状加重,出现血精。查体:睾丸正常,左侧附睾尾部肿大,质地偏硬,左输精管增粗,呈“串珠状”改变。直肠指检:前列腺略大,有大小不等的结节,无压痛。2.为协助诊断,需补充的最重要的病史是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不洁性生活史", "B": "泌尿系感染史", "C": "附睾炎病史", "D": "结核病史"}, "answer": "结核病史", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,35岁,妊娠37周,G1P0,因胎盘早剥入院待产。既往身体健康,无传染病及遗传性疾病史,分娩过程顺利,产一男婴3500g。分娩后突然出现呼吸困难、抽搐、休克死亡。最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "空气栓塞", "B": "脂肪栓塞", "C": "心肌梗死", "D": "羊水栓塞"}, "answer": "羊水栓塞", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,33岁,l年来乏力,发热、关节痛,面颊部有蝶形红斑,口腔鼻腔黏膜溃疡,为无痛性。2个月来,病人兴奋、躁动,幻听、幻视,被害妄想,关系妄想。3.下列哪类药易诱发红斑狼疮样反应,除了?(  )", "options": {"A": "抗生素", "B": "抗结核药", "C": "磺胺类", "D": "抗精神病药"}, "answer": "抗精神病药", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,30岁,2周前曾去南方出差,2天前突然寒战、高热,体温最高达39.5℃,4小时后大汗淋漓、热退。1.该患者应首先考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "上呼吸道感染", "B": "疟疾", "C": "败血症", "D": "以上均不是"}, "answer": "疟疾", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是G+细菌不具备的成分?(  )", "options": {"A": "脂多糖", "B": "肽聚糖", "C": "N-乙酰胞壁酸", "D": "N-乙酰葡糖胺"}, "answer": "脂多糖", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是胆固醇合成的主要场所?(  )", "options": {"A": "小肠", "B": "肝", "C": "肾", "D": "脑"}, "answer": "肝", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医德良心对每个医务人员有(  )。", "options": {"A": "教育作用", "B": "自我评价作用", "C": "评价作用", "D": "督促作用"}, "answer": "自我评价作用", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死最常发生于以下哪条动脉?(  )", "options": {"A": "大脑中动脉", "B": "大脑后动脉", "C": "基底动脉", "D": "大脑前动脉"}, "answer": "大脑中动脉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿生理性免疫功能低下的时期最主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "围生期", "B": "学龄前期", "C": "青春期", "D": "婴幼儿期"}, "answer": "婴幼儿期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "两组呈正态分布的数值变量资料,但均数相差悬殊,若比较离散趋势,最好选用的指标(  )。", "options": {"A": "四分位数间距", "B": "方差", "C": "标准差", "D": "变异系数"}, "answer": "变异系数", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列何者是正链RNA病毒?(  )", "options": {"A": "流行性出血热病毒", "B": "甲型肝炎病毒", "C": "腺病毒", "D": "狂犬病病毒"}, "answer": "甲型肝炎病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某药的t1/2为3小时,每隔1个t1/2给药1次,要达到稳态血药浓度,需多长时间(  )。", "options": {"A": "6小时", "B": "15小时", "C": "20小时", "D": "25小时"}, "answer": "15小时", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.DNA复性指(  )。", "options": {"A": "不同的核酸链经变性处理,它们之间形成局部的双链", "B": "双链DNA解链成单链DNA", "C": "单链DNA恢复成双链DNA", "D": "50%双链DNA变性时的温度"}, "answer": "单链DNA恢复成双链DNA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1岁小儿,1周来发热、盗汗、纳差,喜哭、烦躁、呕吐,前囟紧张,脑膜刺激征阴性;胸部X线检查无异常,结核菌素试验“+”;未进行任何预防接种,两周前患麻疹已痊愈。2.哪一种检查对诊断最有帮助?(  )", "options": {"A": "血沉", "B": "脑脊液检查", "C": "PPD-IgG抗体检测", "D": "头颅CT检查"}, "answer": "脑脊液检查", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "免疫毒素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞毒性T细胞释放的毒素", "B": "巨噬细胞释放的有毒物质", "C": "同抗原特异性免疫球蛋白结合的毒素", "D": "类毒素刺激机体产生的抗毒素"}, "answer": "同抗原特异性免疫球蛋白结合的毒素", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,35岁。因尿频、尿急、尿痛2天就诊。体检:体温38.5℃。右肾区叩痛明显,尿常规:蛋白(++),白细胞满视野,红细胞10~15个/HP。1.此时应予以的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "先做中段尿培养,随即给抗革兰阴性杆菌药物", "B": "立即给抗革兰阴性杆菌药物", "C": "先给抗革兰阳性球菌药物", "D": "先做B超和肾功能检查"}, "answer": "先做中段尿培养,随即给抗革兰阴性杆菌药物", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "基因重组不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "整合", "B": "转换", "C": "转化", "D": "转导"}, "answer": "转换", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.阿托品中毒(  )。", "options": {"A": "深昏迷,口唇呈樱桃红色", "B": "瞳孔扩大,谵妄幻觉", "C": "深昏迷,瞳孔时大时小", "D": "昏迷伴肌纤维颤动"}, "answer": "瞳孔扩大,谵妄幻觉", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,55岁。剧烈胸痛4小时入院,心电图示窦律,心率55次/min,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联ST抬高0.3mV,余ST正常。介入治疗前植入临时起搏器保护,以60次/min启动起搏器时监测动脉血压100/70mmHg降至85/60mmHg。导致血压变化的原因最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "起搏时外周血管阻力下降", "B": "起搏时心率增快,舒张期缩短,致回心血量减少", "C": "起搏时失去心房收缩对心室的充盈作用,左室充盈减少", "D": "合并右心室梗死,右室排血减少致左室充盈减少"}, "answer": "合并右心室梗死,右室排血减少致左室充盈减少", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,男,15岁。右足和右小腿被开水烫伤,有水泡伴剧痛,创面基底肿胀、发红。该病人烧伤面积和深度的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "5%浅Ⅱ度", "B": "5%深Ⅱ度", "C": "10%浅Ⅱ度", "D": "15%浅Ⅱ度"}, "answer": "10%浅Ⅱ度", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "属于血浆中不含氮有机化合物的一组是(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄糖、肌酸、甘油三酯", "B": "葡萄糖、胆红素、乳酸", "C": "肌酐、葡萄糖、乙酰乙酸", "D": "甘油三酯、乳酸、葡萄糖"}, "answer": "甘油三酯、乳酸、葡萄糖", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项不属于脑死亡标准提出的意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "使死亡标准更趋科学化", "B": "更好地维护人的生命尊严", "C": "有利于人口数量的下降", "D": "促进器官移植技术的发展"}, "answer": "有利于人口数量的下降", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "6个月小儿患肺炎,半天来突然烦躁,喘憋加重,青紫。查体:心率190次/分,心音低钝,肺内散在中、小水泡音,叩诊正常,肝肋下3.5cm。心电图示心率快,T波低平,可能合并(  )。", "options": {"A": "脓气胸", "B": "心力衰竭", "C": "纵隔气肿", "D": "肺不张"}, "answer": "心力衰竭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "枕骨大孔疝病人呼吸衰竭时抢救措施首先是(  )。", "options": {"A": "气管插管", "B": "气管切开", "C": "脱水降颅压", "D": "明确脑疝的原因"}, "answer": "气管插管", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某大学生,女性,23岁,她认为自己所想的事别人都能知道。如在饭厅吃饭时觉得菜不够咸,想去拿酱油时,竞有人先把酱油瓶拿走了;自己想喝水时即见有人去倒水;上课时正想去厕所,老师就说下课吧,病人认为别人都知道她想的事。这个病人的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "关系妄想", "B": "物理影响妄想", "C": "思维被洞悉妄想", "D": "被害妄想"}, "answer": "思维被洞悉妄想", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,30岁。反复便秘、腹痛10年。便前腹痛、腹部不适,便后缓解。工作紧张时症状加重。无便血及消瘦,睡眠差。最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠易激综合征", "B": "肠结核", "C": "结肠癌", "D": "溃疡性结肠癌"}, "answer": "肠易激综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,29岁。转移性右下腹痛1天,右下腹部压痛、肌紧张、反跳痛,肠鸣音减弱,白细胞计数及中性分类明显增高,其诊断应先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔", "B": "绞窄性肠梗阻", "C": "结肠癌", "D": "急性阑尾炎穿孔"}, "answer": "急性阑尾炎穿孔", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "治疗麻疹的特效方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用中草药", "B": "补充维生素", "C": "维持体温不超过38℃", "D": "无特异性治疗措施"}, "answer": "无特异性治疗措施", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于胆汁酸的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆固醇7α-羟化酶是胆汁酸合成的限速酶", "B": "是脂类的乳化剂", "C": "能抑制胆固醇结石的形成", "D": "进入血液可致黄疸"}, "answer": "进入血液可致黄疸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "68岁男患者,流涎,右眼闭不上3天。查体:右额纹浅,右鼻唇沟消失,右口角低垂,示齿口角歪向左。其病变为(  )。", "options": {"A": "左周围性面瘫", "B": "左中枢性面瘫", "C": "右周围性面瘫", "D": "右中枢性舌瘫"}, "answer": "右周围性面瘫", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,17岁,高中三年级学生,1998年5月10日由家长陪同就诊。近1个月来模拟考试时脑子里一片空白,成绩明显下降,要求明年再参加高考,劝说无效。该生原是班级三好学生,老师与家长对她的期望很高。病人日常学习、生活活动表现如常。2.应当如何治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "建议内科诊治", "B": "建议神经科诊治", "C": "药物治疗", "D": "认知治疗"}, "answer": "认知治疗", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.非法行医,情节严重构成犯罪的(  )。", "options": {"A": "责令暂停6个月以上1年以下执业活动", "B": "吊销其执业证书", "C": "承担民事赔偿责任", "D": "承担刑事责任"}, "answer": "承担刑事责任", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "免疫应答发生的主要场所是(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋巴管", "B": "肝脏", "C": "胸腺", "D": "淋巴结"}, "answer": "淋巴结", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "躯体疾病所致精神障碍临床表现的共同特点,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神症状多有昼轻夜重的波动性", "B": "精神症状一般发生在躯体疾病的恢复期", "C": "病程及预后取决于原发躯体疾病的状况与治疗是否得当", "D": "具有躯体疾病的临床表现和实验室阳性发现"}, "answer": "精神症状一般发生在躯体疾病的恢复期", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某医师为评价某新药对流感的治疗效果,共收治了100例流感病人,一周后治愈的有90例,由此认为该新药对流感疗效显著。针对此实验,正确的观点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结论正确,因为治愈率达90%", "B": "结论不能肯定,因为未作重复试验", "C": "结论不能肯定,因为未设对照组", "D": "结论不能肯定,因为实验样本含量较少"}, "answer": "结论不能肯定,因为未设对照组", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "前列腺增生患者最早出现的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肉眼血尿", "B": "尿频", "C": "进行性排尿困难", "D": "尿急"}, "answer": "尿频", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "特异性细胞免疫的效应细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Thl细胞和Th0细胞", "B": "Thl细胞和CTL细胞", "C": "Th2细胞和CTL细胞", "D": "Th2细胞和Th3细胞"}, "answer": "Thl细胞和CTL细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,45岁。间断干咳3年,无低热、咯血等,反复抗生素治疗无效。查体无明显阳性体征。胸部X线片未见明显异常,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支原体肺炎", "B": "支气管结核", "C": "支气管扩张", "D": "咳嗽变异型哮喘"}, "answer": "咳嗽变异型哮喘", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,48岁,1年来每于剧烈活动时或饱餐后发作剑突下疼痛,向咽部放射,持续数分钟可自行缓解。2周来发作频繁且有夜间睡眠中发作。2小时来疼痛剧烈,不能缓解,向胸部及后背部放射,伴憋闷,大汗。2.首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "再灌注治疗", "B": "吗啡皮下注射", "C": "肝素静脉点滴", "D": "卡托普利口服"}, "answer": "再灌注治疗", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,32岁。发热、头痛伴呕吐2天,意识障碍半天,于8月20日来诊。查体:T 39.6℃,P 130次/分,R 23次/分,BP 125/70mmHg,浅昏迷,皮肤未见淤点,颈抵抗(+),Kerning征(+),Babinski征(+)。实验室检查:血WBC 16.0×109/L,N 0.73,L 0.27。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核性脑膜炎", "B": "流行性乙型脑炎", "C": "病毒性脑炎", "D": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎"}, "answer": "流行性乙型脑炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性肺淤血时,肺泡腔内的主要成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "水肿液", "B": "炎细胞", "C": "纤维蛋白", "D": "心力衰竭细胞"}, "answer": "水肿液", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有关肿瘤免疫的描述,哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "体液免疫起主要作用", "B": "癌组织内大量淋巴细胞浸润是预后较好的指标", "C": "免疫功能低下的患者容易发生恶性肿瘤", "D": "艾滋病患者恶性肿瘤的发生率升高"}, "answer": "体液免疫起主要作用", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.单纯性肾病(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿蛋白+++,血总蛋白降低,白蛋白降低,胆固醇增高,血压正常", "B": "尿蛋白+++,RBC++,血总蛋白降低,胆固醇增高,血尿素氮增高,血压增高", "C": "尿蛋白+,RBC++,血补体降低,血压增高", "D": "尿蛋白++,WBC+++,血补体正常,血压正常"}, "answer": "尿蛋白+++,血总蛋白降低,白蛋白降低,胆固醇增高,血压正常", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有关结核的病因和发病机制中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核菌属于分枝杆菌属", "B": "呼吸道为主要传播途径,少数经消化道传染", "C": "结核病的免疫为细胞免疫", "D": "结核感染后产生的变态反应属Ⅱ型变态反应"}, "answer": "结核感染后产生的变态反应属Ⅱ型变态反应", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "青年李某,右下腹疼痛难忍,到医院就诊。经医师检查、检验,当即诊断为急性阑尾炎,遂对其施行阑尾切除术。手术情况正常,但拆线时发现伤口愈合欠佳,有淡黄色液体渗出。手术医师告知,此系缝合切口的羊肠线不为李某人体组织吸收所致,在临床中少见。经过近1个月的继续治疗,李某获得痊愈。根据《医疗事故处理条例》规定,李某被拖延近1个月后才得以痊愈这一客观后果,应当属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "二级医疗事故", "B": "三级医疗事故", "C": "因患者体质特殊而发生的医疗意外", "D": "因不可抗力而造成的不良后果"}, "answer": "因患者体质特殊而发生的医疗意外", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "支气管哮喘患者剧烈咳嗽后突然出现气急、胸闷、大汗、呼吸困难、烦躁不安等症状,应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "哮喘大发作", "B": "急性左心衰", "C": "自发性气胸", "D": "胸膜炎"}, "answer": "自发性气胸", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "血吸虫病急性虫卵结节的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结节中有抗原抗体复合物", "B": "未成熟虫卵病变较轻", "C": "结节中可见大量脓细胞", "D": "结节后期有肉芽组织增生"}, "answer": "结节中可见大量脓细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "锁骨骨折常用的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "切开复位,内固定", "B": "手法复位,横8字绷带固定", "C": "牵引治疗", "D": "手法复位,石膏外固定"}, "answer": "手法复位,横8字绷带固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一名45岁的男性,由于患肺结核病而就诊,经问诊得知他已经吸烟20年,每天吸一包烟。他表示考虑在未来一个月内戒烟,作为一名临床医生,你要做的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "强调戒烟的好处", "B": "和病人一起确定戒烟日", "C": "随访", "D": "告知吸烟的危害"}, "answer": "和病人一起确定戒烟日", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.肝细胞胞浆内嗜酸性小体(  )。", "options": {"A": "脂质沉积", "B": "结缔组织玻璃样变", "C": "血管壁玻璃样变", "D": "细胞内玻璃样变"}, "answer": "细胞内玻璃样变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "临产后,肥皂水灌肠适用于(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎位异常", "B": "胎头未衔接", "C": "初产妇宫口开大3cm", "D": "严重心脏病"}, "answer": "初产妇宫口开大3cm", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "神经系统实现其调节功能的基本的方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "兴奋和抑制", "B": "躯体反射和内脏反射", "C": "条件反射和非条件反射", "D": "神经内分泌调节和神经免疫调节"}, "answer": "条件反射和非条件反射", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,24岁,临床诊断糖尿病1型,于胰岛素治疗后,病人经常于清晨3~4点出现手抖、大汗、饥饿感。空腹血糖11mmol/L,尿糖(++++),尿酮体(++++),夜间尿糖阴性。正确的措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "增加睡前中效胰岛素用量", "B": "加用双呱类药物", "C": "减少睡前中效胰岛素用量", "D": "后夜加餐"}, "answer": "减少睡前中效胰岛素用量", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病最主要的病理生理特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "气道结构重塑", "B": "肺泡通气量下降", "C": "持续性气流受阻", "D": "肺泡弹性回缩力减退"}, "answer": "持续性气流受阻", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有一名20岁女性病人,外伤后有血性脑脊液自鼻腔溢出,应采取的处置是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鼻腔填塞压迫止血", "B": "给予抗生素治疗", "C": "腰穿放血性脑脊液", "D": "头低位以利引流"}, "answer": "给予抗生素治疗", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,6岁,经常咳嗽、气促,不爱玩耍,活动后乏力。查体:发育落后,胸骨左缘第2、3肋间闻及3级收缩期杂音,无震颤,传导范围小,肺动脉第二音亢进伴固定分裂。胸片:右房右室增大,肺动脉段突出,肺野充血。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "法洛四联症", "C": "室间隔缺损", "D": "肺动脉狭窄"}, "answer": "房间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "决定蛋白质分子中氨基酸的排列顺序的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "tRNA", "B": "转肽酶", "C": "mRNA分子中单核苷酸的排列顺序", "D": "核糖体"}, "answer": "mRNA分子中单核苷酸的排列顺序", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.金黄色葡萄球菌感染,其脓液特点(  )。", "options": {"A": "脓液稀薄、淡黄,量较多", "B": "脓液稠厚,黄色,不臭", "C": "脓液淡绿,有甜腥味", "D": "脓液稠厚有粪臭"}, "answer": "脓液稠厚,黄色,不臭", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是急性肾炎的主要临床表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "水肿、蛋白尿、高血压、高脂血症", "B": "高血压、血尿、蛋白尿、低蛋白血症", "C": "水肿、血尿、少尿、高血压", "D": "少尿、水肿、血尿、低蛋白血症"}, "answer": "水肿、血尿、少尿、高血压", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "具有高等学校医学专科学历,参加执业助理医师资格考试,至少应在医疗、预防、保健机构中试用期满(  )。", "options": {"A": "六个月", "B": "一年", "C": "十八个月", "D": "二年"}, "answer": "一年", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,33岁。右下肢浅静脉迂曲扩张3年。长时间站立及每天下午出现右下肢肿胀伴沉重感,近半年加重。如果长期不予处理,可能出现的并发症不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "血栓性静脉炎", "B": "足踝周围色素沉着", "C": "足趾坏死", "D": "发肤溃疡"}, "answer": "足趾坏死", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1岁男孩,高热6天,持续38.5~40.7℃,伴咳嗽、气促。查体:精神不振,面色苍白,呼吸急促,皮肤可见猩红热样皮疹,双肺闻及细湿啰音。X线胸片可见多发性肺脓肿。该病例最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺病毒肺炎", "B": "呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "D": "支原体肺炎"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者32岁,12月末发病,头痛、发热、恶心、呕吐,腰痛4天,查体:面色潮红,结膜充血,腋下可见点状出血,化验:白细胞15×109/L,中性粒72%,淋巴细胞20%,异淋8%,尿蛋白(+++),已确诊为肾综合征出血热。1.上述情况中哪项在诊断上最重要?(  )", "options": {"A": "症状", "B": "体征", "C": "实验室检查", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "实验室检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某患者实验室检查结果为:血小板计数正常,出血时间延长,凝血时间正常,毛细血管脆性试验(+),血块收缩正常。考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "血管壁功能异常", "B": "血液凝固功能障碍", "C": "血中有抗凝物质", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "血管壁功能异常", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "硬化性肾小球肾炎的主要病理特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小管萎缩", "B": "部分肾小球硬化、肾小管萎缩和肾间质纤维化", "C": "大部分肾小球硬化、肾小管萎缩和肾间质纤维化", "D": "入球小动脉玻璃样变性"}, "answer": "大部分肾小球硬化、肾小管萎缩和肾间质纤维化", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "重度营养不良时清蛋白低于(  )。", "options": {"A": "35g/L", "B": "29g/L", "C": "25g/L", "D": "21g/L"}, "answer": "21g/L", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.性激素受体位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞液", "B": "细胞核", "C": "线粒体", "D": "内质网"}, "answer": "细胞核", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "疝囊壁的一部分为腹内容物时称(  )。", "options": {"A": "Litter’s疝", "B": "Richter’s疝", "C": "滑动性疝", "D": "绞窄性疝"}, "answer": "滑动性疝", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于血糖的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝糖原分解补充血糖", "B": "肌糖原分解补充血糖", "C": "甘油经糖异生补充血糖", "D": "生糖氨基酸经糖异生补充血糖"}, "answer": "肌糖原分解补充血糖", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某吸烟者,从上个月开始戒烟。按行为改变的阶段模式,他目前处于(  )。", "options": {"A": "准备阶段", "B": "维持阶段", "C": "无打算阶段", "D": "行动阶段"}, "answer": "行动阶段", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "骨髓穿刺的禁忌证有(  )。", "options": {"A": "血友病", "B": "多发性骨髓瘤累及骨盆", "C": "腰椎骨折", "D": "幼儿"}, "answer": "血友病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪一项引起静脉回心血量减少?(  )", "options": {"A": "体循环平均充盈压增大", "B": "平卧体位", "C": "骨骼肌节律舒缩", "D": "呼气动作"}, "answer": "呼气动作", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,28岁。葡萄胎清宫术后阴道持续少量流血3个月。妇科检查:子宫如妊娠50天大小,质软,双侧附件均可触及囊性肿物,大小约5cm×4cm,活动好,尿hCG阳性,盆腔超声示子宫肌层有一4cm×3cm不均质回声,血流信号丰富,两侧附件区有囊性低回声包块。2.首选的治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "卵巢囊肿切除术", "B": "放射治疗", "C": "清官术", "D": "化学治疗"}, "answer": "化学治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,78岁,体重60kg。全胃切除术后6天,大量肠液自腹腔引流管引出,左上腹疼痛。体检:左上腹轻压痛,无肌紧张。2.该病人热量每天基本需要量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "800kcal", "B": "1200kcal", "C": "1500kcal", "D": "2000kcal"}, "answer": "1500kcal", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "躯体疾病所致精神障碍的治疗原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对原发疾病的治疗", "B": "全身支持性治疗", "C": "对躯体疾病及精神症状的护理,特别是安全护理", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,50岁。行胃癌根治术后2小时腹腔引流出不凝血800ml。BP 86/60mmHg,CVP由8cmH2O降至4cmH2O,此时应采取的最恰当的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "再次手术止血", "B": "内镜电凝止血", "C": "给予血管收缩药", "D": "输血观察"}, "answer": "再次手术止血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.循环血量减少使(  )。", "options": {"A": "醛固酮分泌增多", "B": "血浆晶体渗透压升高", "C": "血浆腔体渗透压降低", "D": "ADH分泌减少"}, "answer": "醛固酮分泌增多", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "临床工作是真、善、美的结合,下列哪项为三者追求的目的(  )。", "options": {"A": "科学性", "B": "道德性", "C": "可行性", "D": "实践性"}, "answer": "道德性", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在风湿性疾病中,下述哪种疾病肾脏受累较少见?(  )", "options": {"A": "皮肌炎(DM)", "B": "SLE", "C": "结节性多动脉炎(PN)", "D": "血管炎"}, "answer": "皮肌炎(DM)", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,13岁,满月脸、多血质外貌、向心性肥胖,皮肤紫纹、痤疮、高血压、情绪不稳定、烦躁、易激惹、幻觉状态、四肢肌肉无力、震颤。该病例最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "肾上腺皮质功能减退所致精神障碍", "C": "肾上腺皮质功能亢进所致精神障碍", "D": "甲状腺功能亢进所致精神障碍"}, "answer": "肾上腺皮质功能亢进所致精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "32岁女性,公务员。自诉近半年来可能由于工作太忙,加之一些家庭矛盾而逐渐出现失眠,以入睡困难为主,自觉工作能力不如以前。近3个月以来,常莫名其妙的感到紧张,担心,担心小孩会出事,担心自己会得病,担心会发生不好的事情,因而时刻提心吊胆。近半月以来症状更加明显,几乎通宵不能入睡,坐立不安,心慌心悸,情绪术稳。曾有2次听到有人叫她的名字而没有看到人的情况出现,觉得单位同事在议论她有精神病。既往有哮喘病史,余无特殊。体查发现双侧甲状腺轻度肿大,有双上肢细微震颤。未发现精神病性症状。心电图提示窦性心动过速。1.此病人目前处于(  )。", "options": {"A": "焦虑状态", "B": "慢性应激状态", "C": "精神病状态", "D": "抑郁状态"}, "answer": "焦虑状态", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "《红楼梦》中的林黛玉,其动作稳定缓慢,观察事物细致入微,敏感多疑,孤独多虑,情感体验深刻且持久。3.根据巴甫洛夫高级神经活动类型学说,林黛玉的神经活动类型属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制型", "B": "安静型", "C": "活泼型", "D": "兴奋型"}, "answer": "抑制型", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "胃肠道手术病人术前准备,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "手术前8小时开始禁食,4小时开始禁水", "B": "必要时可以行胃肠减压", "C": "一般手术术前一日肥皂水灌肠", "D": "结、直肠手术应行清洁灌肠"}, "answer": "手术前8小时开始禁食,4小时开始禁水", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述有关酶催化反应的特点中不正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "具有高度催化能力", "B": "具有高度稳定性", "C": "酶催化作用是受调控的", "D": "具有高度专一性"}, "answer": "具有高度稳定性", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.地方性斑疹伤寒的传播媒介是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蚊", "B": "人虱", "C": "鼠蚤", "D": "蜱"}, "answer": "鼠蚤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "预后最差的肺癌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鳞状细胞癌", "B": "小细胞癌", "C": "大细胞癌", "D": "细支气管肺泡癌"}, "answer": "小细胞癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,因外伤致股骨内外髁骨折,关节面不平,相差0.8cm,虽经治疗,骨折移位未见改变,最可能出现的晚期并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "褥疮", "B": "骨化性肌炎", "C": "膝关节创伤性关节炎", "D": "膝关节外翻畸形"}, "answer": "膝关节创伤性关节炎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某地山村,不少小儿生后表现为智力低下,对声音无反应,运动障碍,有的皮肤粗糙,身材矮小,四肢粗短。为预防此病,下述措施哪一项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "孕妇多食含碘食物", "B": "给村民发放碘化食盐", "C": "改善水源,饮水消毒", "D": "给孕妇多食含氟食物"}, "answer": "给孕妇多食含氟食物", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.支气管哮喘患者发生Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭最主要的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺泡通气量下降", "B": "通气/血流比例失衡", "C": "氧耗量增加", "D": "肺内分流"}, "answer": "通气/血流比例失衡", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.以热能不足为主的营养不良表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体重明显下降,全身消瘦", "B": "全身水肿,皮肤发亮,苍白", "C": "心音低钝,血压下降", "D": "皮肤发花,四肢冰凉"}, "answer": "体重明显下降,全身消瘦", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "高渗性缺水,其体液变化之最终表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞内液缺水", "B": "细胞外液缺水", "C": "细胞内液缺水超过细胞外液缺水", "D": "细胞内外液等量缺水"}, "answer": "细胞内液缺水超过细胞外液缺水", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.对测验结果的解释要符合受试者的实验情况,评估应综合各方面材料作全面参考称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "信度", "B": "常模", "C": "标准化原则", "D": "客观性原则"}, "answer": "客观性原则", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪一项结果不符合溶血性贫血?(  )", "options": {"A": "红细胞减少,网织红细胞数明显增高", "B": "尿中胆红素阴性而尿胆原增多", "C": "红细胞形态可正常,而寿命缩短", "D": "骨髓内幼红细胞明显减少"}, "answer": "骨髓内幼红细胞明显减少", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,35岁。低热,便秘、腹泻交替4年。查体:右下腹5cm×5cm肿块,质中等,较固定,轻压痛。2.最具诊断意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血沉", "B": "结肠镜检查", "C": "X线钡剂透视", "D": "MRI"}, "answer": "结肠镜检查", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,33岁,1年来乏力,发热、关节痛,面颊部有蝶形红斑,口腔鼻腔黏膜溃疡,为无痛性。2个月来,病人兴奋、躁动,幻听、幻视,被害妄想,关系妄想。1.对诊断最有帮助的检查(  )。", "options": {"A": "Coombs试验", "B": "抗核抗体", "C": "血沉", "D": "抗“O”"}, "answer": "抗核抗体", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "抗精神病药物的抗精神病作用的主要通路是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结节-漏斗系统", "B": "网状上行系统", "C": "中脑边缘系统", "D": "黑质纹状体系统"}, "answer": "中脑边缘系统", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪一项是神经症的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "具有鲜明的幻觉妄想症状", "B": "病人对自己的病有相当的自知力", "C": "强烈的自杀意念并有自杀行为", "D": "智能发育障碍"}, "answer": "病人对自己的病有相当的自知力", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一酒精中毒病人刚进诊室,看到地上的电风扇说道:“你这小鬼站在这里干什么,还不快走。”定睛细看后又说:“哦,我看花眼了,是个电风扇。”此症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "错觉", "B": "妄想", "C": "幻觉", "D": "感觉障碍"}, "answer": "错觉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,外科手术时输血500ml,近日出现黄疸,并伴肝区痛,食欲不振,厌油食等症状。查抗HCV-IgM(+),最可能的初步诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丁型肝炎", "B": "甲型肝炎", "C": "丙型肝炎", "D": "乙型肝炎"}, "answer": "丙型肝炎", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,17岁。颈部肿大1年,无怕热、多食、易激动。查体:脉率、血压正常,甲状腺弥漫性肿大,质地柔软,未触及结节,表面光滑。采用的最佳治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多吃含碘丰富的食物", "B": "小剂量甲状腺素治疗", "C": "口服甲基硫氧嘧啶治疗", "D": "甲状腺大部切除术"}, "answer": "小剂量甲状腺素治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "张某没有上过任何层次的医学专业的学校,但他仍有资格参加执业医师资格或执业助理医师资格考试,张某必定具有执业医师法规定的下列情形之一,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "以师承方式学习传统医学满3年,经县级以上卫生行政部门确定的传统医学专业组织考核合格并推荐", "B": "以师承方式学习传统医学满3年,经医疗、预防、保健机构推荐", "C": "经多年实践医术确有专长,经县以上卫生行政部门确定的传统医学专业组织考核合格并推荐", "D": "经多年实践医术确有专长,经医疗、预防、保健机构考核合格并推荐"}, "answer": "以师承方式学习传统医学满3年,经医疗、预防、保健机构推荐", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,37岁。因阵发性室上性心动过速行射频消融治疗,术中患者突然出现胸闷、烦躁、呼吸困难。查体:BP 80/70mmHg,颈静脉怒张,两肺呼吸音清,心界向两侧扩大。心率120次/分,律齐。各瓣膜听诊区未闻及杂音,奇脉(+)。导致其临床表现的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心排血量增加,静脉压升高", "B": "心排血量不变,静脉压升高", "C": "心排血量下降,静脉压降低", "D": "心排血量下降,静脉压升高"}, "answer": "心排血量下降,静脉压升高", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "高血压合并糖尿病,血肌酐正常,选用下列哪类降压药最合适?(  )。", "options": {"A": "血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂", "B": "利尿剂", "C": "钙离子拮抗剂", "D": "α受体阻滞剂"}, "answer": "血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,13岁。因水肿3天,剧烈头痛、呕吐2天入院。2周前曾发热,咽痛。查体:P 110次/分,BP 170/120mmHg,双肺无异常,Hb 110g/L。尿常规:蛋白(++),RBC 30~50/HP,尿比重1.020,血尿素氮9.4mmol/L。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾小球肾炎并严重循环充血", "B": "急性肾小球肾炎并高血压脑病", "C": "急性肾小球肾炎并急性肾功能不全", "D": "急性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "急性肾小球肾炎并高血压脑病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "低钾血症时,最早出现的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心电图改变", "B": "肌无力", "C": "心脏传导阻滞", "D": "心脏节律异常"}, "answer": "肌无力", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.正常老年人动脉血压的生理性变化特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主要为收缩压升高", "B": "主要为舒张压升高", "C": "收缩压降低,舒张压升高", "D": "收缩压升高,舒张压降低"}, "answer": "收缩压升高,舒张压降低", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "甲状腺癌最常见的病理类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳头状癌", "B": "乳头状癌合并滤泡状癌", "C": "髓样癌", "D": "未分化癌"}, "answer": "乳头状癌", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "免疫应答的基本过程是(  )。", "options": {"A": "识别、活化、效应三个阶段", "B": "识别、活化、排斥三个阶段", "C": "识别、活化、反应三个阶段", "D": "识别、活化、增殖三个阶段"}, "answer": "识别、活化、效应三个阶段", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.tRNA的三级结构特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "PolyA尾", "B": "核小体", "C": "倒L形", "D": "cAMP"}, "answer": "倒L形", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心室肌细胞动作电位的0期去极是由于何种通道开放?(  )", "options": {"A": "Na+", "B": "K+", "C": "Ca2+", "D": "Mg2+"}, "answer": "Na+", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "35岁,女性,双胎妊娠,胎膜早破,规律宫缩15小时,子宫颈口开大2cm,行剖宫产术,术后静脉点滴抗生素预防感染。第4天出现发冷、发热和腹痛,乳房胀,体温39.5℃,持续4小时。检查子宫底平脐,压痛阳性,恶露污浊有臭味。1.可能考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺乳汁淤积", "B": "急性膀胱炎", "C": "急性子宫内膜炎", "D": "上呼吸道感染"}, "answer": "急性子宫内膜炎", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某边远医院收治一名宫外孕破裂失血性休克的患者,需紧急输血。需要注意的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "向上级医院申请血源", "B": "收集家属血液", "C": "临时采集血液,并确保采血用血安全", "D": "等待安全血液,暂不处理"}, "answer": "临时采集血液,并确保采血用血安全", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于胃蠕动的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "空腹时基本不发生", "B": "起始于胃底部", "C": "发生频率约为12次/min", "D": "一个蠕动披消失后才产生另一个蠕动渡"}, "answer": "空腹时基本不发生", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在西方国家,心脏性猝死最主要的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动脉瓣狭窄", "B": "心肌病", "C": "二尖瓣脱垂", "D": "冠心病及其并发症"}, "answer": "冠心病及其并发症", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述物质中缩血管作用最强的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾素", "B": "血管紧张素Ⅱ", "C": "血管紧张素Ⅲ", "D": "内皮素"}, "answer": "内皮素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.术前自身贮血是由(  )。", "options": {"A": "到血站或卫生行政部门批准的采血点卖血", "B": "输血科负责采血和贮血", "C": "经治医师负责采血和贮血", "D": "护士负责采血和贮血"}, "answer": "输血科负责采血和贮血", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肝体积明显缩小,外观黄绿色,表面呈结节状,光镜下见肝细胞大片坏死,同时可见肝细胞再生结节,明显淤胆,大量炎症细胞浸润,结节间纤维组织及小胆管明显增生,根据上述病变应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "重度慢性肝炎", "B": "急性重型肝炎", "C": "亚急性重型肝炎", "D": "门脉性肝硬化"}, "answer": "亚急性重型肝炎", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "婴儿不典型结核性脑膜炎首发的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "嗜睡", "B": "惊厥", "C": "前囟膨隆", "D": "喷射性呕吐"}, "answer": "惊厥", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "向肝脏输送血液最多的血管是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝静脉", "B": "胃右动脉", "C": "肝动脉", "D": "门静脉"}, "answer": "门静脉", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.班杜拉(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分析学派", "B": "行为主义学派", "C": "人本主义学派", "D": "心理生理学派"}, "answer": "行为主义学派", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.对发作频繁、每月发作2次者选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "非类固醇吲哚美辛药物", "B": "发作早期给麦角胺咖啡因", "C": "普萘洛尔、苯噻啶等药物", "D": "皮质类固醇"}, "answer": "普萘洛尔、苯噻啶等药物", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哪项是重症肌无力临床最突出的特征?(  )", "options": {"A": "骨骼肌的持续性无力", "B": "只累及眼外肌和心肌", "C": "骨骼肌的病态疲劳呈规律性晨轻暮重的波动性变化", "D": "除骨骼肌外平滑肌和括约肌也同时受累"}, "answer": "骨骼肌的病态疲劳呈规律性晨轻暮重的波动性变化", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "引起急性胆囊炎的常见病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆囊癌发作", "B": "胆道蛔虫进入胆囊", "C": "胆囊结石堵塞胆囊管", "D": "胰腺炎致胰液反流"}, "answer": "胆囊结石堵塞胆囊管", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不属于肉芽组织的功能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗感染", "B": "填补伤口", "C": "保护创面", "D": "伤口收缩"}, "answer": "伤口收缩", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.结核引起的坏死(  )。", "options": {"A": "干性坏疽", "B": "湿性坏疽", "C": "凝固性坏死", "D": "干酪样坏死"}, "answer": "干酪样坏死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "误服下列哪种药物应禁忌洗胃?(  )", "options": {"A": "东莨菪碱", "B": "水杨酸盐", "C": "氢氧化钠", "D": "盐酸麻黄碱"}, "answer": "氢氧化钠", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "血红素合成体系的限速酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ALA脱水酶", "B": "ALA合酶", "C": "胆色素原脱氨酶", "D": "原卟啉原Ⅲ脱羧酶"}, "answer": "ALA合酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于引起人类疾病的反转录病毒,哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "均侵犯CD4+细胞", "B": "均可引起肿瘤发生", "C": "可经性接触传播", "D": "可经输血、注射传播"}, "answer": "均可引起肿瘤发生", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.与胆道感染相关的肝脓肿的常见致病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大肠埃希菌", "B": "双歧杆菌", "C": "铜绿假单胞菌", "D": "艰难梭状芽胞杆菌"}, "answer": "大肠埃希菌", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "先天愚型的主要特点为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肥胖,身矮,肝肿大,低血糖", "B": "面容丑陋,耳聋,多发骨畸形", "C": "身矮,智力低下,皮肤粗糙", "D": "特殊面容,智力低下,肤色异常和多发畸形"}, "answer": "特殊面容,智力低下,肤色异常和多发畸形", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于心理评估来说,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "评估需依据心理学的理论和方法", "B": "是对人的心理品质及水平所作出的鉴定", "C": "采用调查法、观察法、实验法等进行", "D": "常需对情绪、智力、性格等作出评价"}, "answer": "采用调查法、观察法、实验法等进行", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.手术后治疗的伦理要求是(  )。", "options": {"A": "掌握手术指征,动机纯正", "B": "以健康、稳定的情绪影响患者", "C": "对症下药,剂量安全", "D": "减轻痛苦,加速康复"}, "answer": "减轻痛苦,加速康复", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿重症肺炎时出现明显腹胀,其原因多是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化不良", "B": "低锌血症", "C": "中毒性肠麻痹", "D": "高钾血症"}, "answer": "中毒性肠麻痹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,24岁,临床诊断糖尿病1型,给予胰岛素治疗,病人经常于清晨3~4点出现手抖,大汗,饥饿感,空腹血糖11mmol/L,尿糖(++++),尿酮体(++++),夜间尿糖阴性,应采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "减少晚餐的热量", "B": "增加睡前中效胰岛素的用量", "C": "加用双胍类药物", "D": "减少睡前胰岛素用量"}, "answer": "增加睡前中效胰岛素的用量", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "12岁男童,左股骨下l/3骨折术后4天,出现左大腿下端疼痛伴高热达39.7℃,局部穿刺可引流少量淡黄色液体,怀疑为急性化脓性骨髓炎。1.最有价值的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线摄片检查", "B": "B超检查", "C": "局部穿刺", "D": "局部血管造影"}, "answer": "局部穿刺", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,45岁。反复肝功能异常多年,尿少、双下肢水肿2年,加重2周。口服呋塞米20mg/d,1天来昏睡,呼之有反应。患者意识障碍最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑血管意外", "B": "肝性脑病", "C": "肝肾综合征", "D": "低血容量性休克"}, "answer": "肝性脑病", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "高血压伴有心绞痛的病人应选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "硝苯地平", "B": "卡托普利", "C": "氢氯噻嗪", "D": "普萘洛尔"}, "answer": "普萘洛尔", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "符合中枢性瘫痪的临床特征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有肌萎缩", "B": "肌张力增高", "C": "腱反射消失", "D": "无病理反射"}, "answer": "肌张力增高", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,35岁,体重50kg,因毕Ⅱ式胃大部切除术后十二指肠残端瘘入院。需给予总热量1500kcal的静脉营养支持,下列配方理论上正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "10%葡萄糖溶液1880ml,20%脂肪乳417ml,10%复合氨基酸500ml", "B": "50%葡萄糖溶液750ml,10%复合氨基酸500ml", "C": "50%葡萄糖溶液375ml,10%脂肪乳834ml,10%复合氨基酸750ml", "D": "10%葡萄糖溶液1380ml,20%脂肪乳417ml,10%复合氨基酸500ml"}, "answer": "10%葡萄糖溶液1380ml,20%脂肪乳417ml,10%复合氨基酸500ml", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "猩红热是由产红疹毒素的何种病原菌引起?(  )", "options": {"A": "B组α溶血性链球菌", "B": "A组β溶血性链球菌", "C": "B组β溶血性链球菌", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "A组β溶血性链球菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是作用于髓袢升支粗段皮质部和髓质部的利尿药?(  )", "options": {"A": "螺内酯", "B": "甘露醇", "C": "呋塞米", "D": "氢氯噻嗪"}, "answer": "呋塞米", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.再生障碍性贫血(  )。", "options": {"A": "大细胞高色素贫血", "B": "正细胞正色素贫血", "C": "小细胞低色素贫血", "D": "大细胞低色素贫血"}, "answer": "正细胞正色素贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.高渗性脱水,第1日应输(  )。", "options": {"A": "等张含钠液", "B": "1/2张含钠液", "C": "1/3张含钠液", "D": "1/4张含钠液"}, "answer": "1/3张含钠液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.脉压增大,伴股动脉枪击音(  )。", "options": {"A": "室间隔缺损", "B": "房间隔缺损", "C": "动脉导管未闭", "D": "法洛四联症"}, "answer": "动脉导管未闭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1岁小儿未接种过卡介苗,PPD阳性,表示(  )。", "options": {"A": "体内已有免疫力不会再感染结核", "B": "体内有活动结核", "C": "对结核无免疫力,需立即接种卡介苗", "D": "受过结核感染,不一定有活动结核"}, "answer": "体内有活动结核", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,20岁,苍白、乏力1周。淋巴结及脾大,白细胞计数32.0×109/L,骨髓中原始细胞占0.83,过氧化物酶染色阴性。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性粒细胞白血病", "B": "急性红白血病", "C": "急性单核细胞白血病", "D": "急性淋巴细胞白血病"}, "answer": "急性淋巴细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某患左眼瞳孔散大,视力下降,光照左眼时瞳孔无改变,照右眼时双瞳孔均缩小是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左视神经损害", "B": "右动眼神经麻痹", "C": "右视神经损害", "D": "右眼交感神经损害"}, "answer": "左视神经损害", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "编制统计表时,做法错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "同一指标的小数位数保留一致", "B": "统计表需要标题", "C": "表中必须有竖线", "D": "表中若缺或未记录可用“…”表示"}, "answer": "表中必须有竖线", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,70岁。间断咳嗽、咳痰10年,活动后气短半年。查体:双肺呼吸音减弱,心率80次/分,律齐。胸部X线未见明显异常。为明确诊断首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺功能", "B": "胸部X线", "C": "胸部MRI", "D": "胸部CT"}, "answer": "肺功能", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "确诊CO中毒最主要的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "与CO接触的时间", "B": "血液中碳氧血红蛋白的有无", "C": "昏迷的深度", "D": "缺氧的程度"}, "answer": "血液中碳氧血红蛋白的有无", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "使金黄色葡萄球菌感染局限化的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄球菌A蛋白", "B": "肠毒素", "C": "凝固酶", "D": "表皮溶解素"}, "answer": "凝固酶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是反密码子UAG识别的mRNA上的密码子?(  )", "options": {"A": "GTC", "B": "AUC", "C": "CUA", "D": "ATC"}, "answer": "CUA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心肌坏死的心电图特征性表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病理性O波", "B": "T波低平", "C": "冠状T波", "D": "ST段抬高呈弓背向上型"}, "answer": "病理性O波", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "体温调节中枢位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓", "B": "延髓", "C": "丘脑下部", "D": "小脑"}, "answer": "丘脑下部", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "诊断急性纤维蛋白性心包炎最具特征性的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心前区疼痛", "B": "心包摩擦音", "C": "心浊音界向两侧扩大", "D": "心音遥远"}, "answer": "心包摩擦音", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "9岁男孩,营养发育正常,体重26kg、身长133cm、头cm、头围53cm,胸围最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "57cm", "B": "53cm", "C": "61cm", "D": "65cm"}, "answer": "61cm", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "最常见脑膜刺激征阳性的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑血栓形成", "B": "高血压脑病", "C": "短暂性脑缺血发作", "D": "蛛网膜下隙出血"}, "answer": "蛛网膜下隙出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,30岁,工程师,大学文化,一年前独自到树林中迷路时,听到两个割草人在谈话:“在树林中看到一头黑熊。”找这两个人时旁边一个人都没有,四处寂静无声。后来在车间丁作时看到了自己家墙上的钟和图画,或者“就是现在眼前”或者“在头脑里面”。有时耳边听到一群不工作的人放肆地大量喝酒。对妻子到医院探视抱有憎恨,认为医生要毒死他。躯体检查无异常。2.最有效的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗精神病", "B": "抗抑郁", "C": "心理治疗", "D": "针灸"}, "answer": "抗精神病", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "幽门梗阻引起反复呕吐,最可能引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "低氯高钾碱中毒", "B": "低氯低钾酸中毒", "C": "高钾酸中毒", "D": "低氯低钾碱中毒"}, "answer": "低氯低钾碱中毒", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.6岁女孩,因眼睑伴下肢水肿一周,咳嗽伴喘憋一天入院。查体:血压130/96mmHg,半卧位,呼吸促,眼睑及双下肢肿胀,心率135次/分,律齐,心音有力,双肺底部可闻及细小水泡音,肝肋下3.5cm。此患儿诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾炎", "B": "急性肾炎合并肺炎", "C": "支气管肺炎合并心衰", "D": "急性肾炎合并循环充血"}, "answer": "急性肾炎合并循环充血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.2岁小儿中点位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "身长的中点在脐上", "B": "身长的中点在脐下", "C": "身长的中点在脐与耻骨联合上缘之间", "D": "身长的中点在耻骨联合上缘"}, "answer": "身长的中点在脐下", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "测定蛋白样品中某种分子量的蛋白选用最佳的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫PCR", "B": "免疫沉淀法", "C": "免疫印迹试验(Western blotting)", "D": "斑点杂交"}, "answer": "免疫印迹试验(Western blotting)", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有关糖尿病的诊断,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "空腹血糖升高是重要的诊断指标", "B": "空腹血糖正常可排除糖尿病", "C": "两次OGTT仍不能诊断时应做第3次", "D": "糖耐量减低是糖尿病的一个亚型"}, "answer": "空腹血糖升高是重要的诊断指标", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "疾病检测最重要的目的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "及时掌握疾病的变化趋势,采取控制措施", "B": "收集和分析健康资料", "C": "消灭传染源", "D": "确定致病因素"}, "answer": "及时掌握疾病的变化趋势,采取控制措施", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.合并支气管哮喘的高血压患者不宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "钙通道阻滞剂", "B": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂", "C": "β受体阻滞剂", "D": "血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻滞剂"}, "answer": "β受体阻滞剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,35岁,发作性头痛4年,部位不定,每次持续数小时至1天,发作前视物有模糊暗影,神经系统体检未见明显异常。脑CT未见异常,其母有类似发作史。头痛发作早期首选的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯噻啶", "B": "麦角胺咖啡因", "C": "卡马西平", "D": "苯巴比妥"}, "answer": "麦角胺咖啡因", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.最可能是乳腺癌的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺内有多发胀痛、质韧之肿块", "B": "乳房红肿胀痛,内有触痛伴波动感的肿块", "C": "乳腺内有单发、质硬、活动度差的肿物", "D": "乳腺内有单发囊性结节"}, "answer": "乳腺内有单发、质硬、活动度差的肿物", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,29岁,无诱因突发四肢无力,胸闷,多汗,口干1天,3年中有类似发作史2次。体检:四肢弛缓性瘫痪,肌力2级,血清钾2.8mmol/L,此时最适宜的治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服氯化钾片1~3g/d", "B": "大量生理盐水滴注", "C": "5%葡萄糖盐水稀释静脉补钾", "D": "口服乙酰唑胺"}, "answer": "5%葡萄糖盐水稀释静脉补钾", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,64岁,2型糖尿病10年,平日疏于治疗。此次因呕吐、腹泻3天,意识不清1天入院。3.若患者入院后昏迷加重,应立即给予的治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸兴奋剂", "B": "生理盐水及小剂量胰岛素治疗", "C": "碳酸氢钠静滴", "D": "糖皮质激素"}, "answer": "生理盐水及小剂量胰岛素治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,42岁,上腹疼痛8小时,伴发热,体温38.5℃,频繁呕吐。查体发现上腹部肌紧张、压痛,无移动性浊音。血白细胞15×109/L。X线检查:膈下未见游离气体。2.为明确诊断,急需检查的项目是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血淀粉酶", "B": "血常规", "C": "血清脂肪酶", "D": "尿淀粉酶"}, "answer": "血淀粉酶", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "佐剂是(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫球蛋白的一种", "B": "非特异性免疫增强物质", "C": "特异性免疫增强物质", "D": "非特异性免疫抑制剂"}, "answer": "非特异性免疫增强物质", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "正态分布中反映离散程度最好的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "标准差", "B": "标准差系数", "C": "方差", "D": "总体方差"}, "answer": "标准差系数", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,33岁。间断脓血便3年,大便成形或糊状,每日2~4次,有时里急后重,抗生素治疗无效。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溃疡性结肠炎", "B": "Crohn病", "C": "慢性细菌性痢疾", "D": "结肠癌"}, "answer": "溃疡性结肠炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对Graves病甲亢采用甲状腺次全切除术治疗,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲亢症状严重者应尽快", "B": "甲亢性心脏病者立即进行", "C": "应在药物控制甲亢后施行", "D": "甲状腺肿大明显者不宜采用"}, "answer": "应在药物控制甲亢后施行", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者产后10天,左乳胀痛、发热。查体:T38.7℃,左乳外上象限皮温高,红肿、有压痛,肿块约5cm×5cm大小,有波动感。2.应首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "手术切除坏死液化脂肪组织", "B": "大量抗生素应用", "C": "立即切开引流排脓", "D": "疏通乳管"}, "answer": "立即切开引流排脓", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某男性患者,48岁,冬季用煤炉取暖过夜,晨起家人发现其昏迷,急诊送往医院,体检:呈深昏迷状态,口唇呈樱桃红色,休克、尿少,测定血COHb浓度为60%,确诊为CO中毒。3.若患者经高压氧舱治疗神志清醒,可能的后遗症为(  )。", "options": {"A": "记忆力减退", "B": "肝功能损害", "C": "肺功能损害", "D": "迟发性脑病"}, "answer": "迟发性脑病", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某女,29岁,记者,因采访任务需进入疟原虫发病疫区。可作病因性疟疾预防的首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "奎宁", "B": "青蒿素", "C": "氯喹", "D": "乙胺嘧啶"}, "answer": "乙胺嘧啶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.可刺激醛固酮分泌的主要因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "醛固酮", "B": "肾上腺素", "C": "血管紧张素Ⅱ", "D": "肾素"}, "answer": "血管紧张素Ⅱ", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "最能反映小儿近期营养状态变化的描述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸围", "B": "腹围", "C": "体重", "D": "头围"}, "answer": "体重", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,70岁。突发上腹痛12小时,伴寒战、发热。既往因十二指溃疡行胃大部切除毕Ⅱ式吻合术。查体:T 39.5℃,P 110次/分,BP 80/50mmHg,皮肤、巩膜黄染,右上腹及剑突下肌紧张,压痛、反跳痛(+),血WBC 16×109/L。腹部B超示:胆总管扩张,下段受肠气影响观察不清。该患者首选的手术方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆肠吻合术", "B": "胆总管切开引流术", "C": "胆囊造瘘术", "D": "经内镜十二指肠乳头切开术"}, "answer": "胆总管切开引流术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,28岁。G1P1,因接触性出血来院就诊,患者行阴道镜下活检为CINⅢ,正确的处理方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫颈锥切术", "B": "全子宫切除术", "C": "放疗", "D": "手术加放疗"}, "answer": "宫颈锥切术", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "HCV与HBV的区别在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "主要经血液传播", "B": "可转为慢性肝炎、肝硬化和肝癌", "C": "表面蛋白抗原性易变异", "D": "注射干扰素"}, "answer": "表面蛋白抗原性易变异", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "双胍类降糖药最常见的副作用为(  )。", "options": {"A": "低血糖", "B": "乳酸性酸中毒", "C": "胃肠道反应", "D": "肝功能异常"}, "answer": "胃肠道反应", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.主要抑制真核生物的蛋白质合成的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯霉素", "B": "链霉素", "C": "白喉毒素", "D": "林可霉素"}, "answer": "白喉毒素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,20岁。体重60kg,烧伤后2小时入院。查体:BP 90/60mmHg,心率120次/分,脉搏细弱,面色苍白。口渴感明显,双下肢(包括双足、臀部、双大小腿)及会阴区布满大小不等的水泡。小部分创面呈焦黄色,无水泡,伤后8小时内补液应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "3500ml", "B": "3900ml", "C": "3100ml", "D": "2300ml"}, "answer": "3100ml", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女孩4个月,冬季出生,足月顺产,单纯牛奶喂养,近半月来烦躁、多汗、夜间睡眠不好。2.为明确诊断应做的实验室检查(  )。", "options": {"A": "拍颅骨X片", "B": "腕骨X片", "C": "骨扫描", "D": "脑电图"}, "answer": "腕骨X片", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.肝硬化(  )。", "options": {"A": "脂肪肝", "B": "肝气球样变", "C": "黄色肝萎缩", "D": "肝脏结节状变化"}, "answer": "肝脏结节状变化", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,25岁。主诉心前区疼痛2小时,向左肩放射,吸气时疼痛加重,坐位时减轻,伴有畏寒、发热就诊。查体:血压105/75mmHg,体温38℃,心率110次/分,规则,心脏无杂音,两肺未见异常,有血吸虫病史。心电图示除aVR与V1外各导联ST段抬高。3.此时X线检查可能显示(  )。", "options": {"A": "左肺野楔形实质性阴影,伴左胸腔积液", "B": "正常", "C": "肺部无明显充血而心影显著增大", "D": "左肺野多发炎症阴影"}, "answer": "肺部无明显充血而心影显著增大", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对人而言,HLA分子属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "异种抗原", "B": "同种异型抗原", "C": "改变的自身抗原", "D": "隐蔽抗原"}, "answer": "同种异型抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列指标支持肾炎性肾病综合征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量蛋白尿", "B": "高脂血症", "C": "血清补体C3降低", "D": "水肿"}, "answer": "血清补体C3降低", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "5岁女孩,自幼身体瘦弱,易患感冒。体检:心前区稍隆起,未触及震颤,胸骨左缘第2肋间闻及2/6级收缩期杂音,P2亢进,固定分裂。2.最可能出现的心电图改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "T波低平、倒置", "B": "不完全右束支传导阻滞", "C": "左前分支阻滞", "D": "左心室肥大"}, "answer": "不完全右束支传导阻滞", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是可抑制Th1细胞生成的细胞因子?(  )", "options": {"A": "IL-4、IL-10", "B": "IL-2、IFN-γ", "C": "IL-4、IFN-γ", "D": "TGF-β、IFN-γ"}, "answer": "IL-4、IL-10", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "可用来间接表示心室肌前负荷的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "收缩末期容积或压力", "B": "舒张末期容积或压力", "C": "等容收缩期容积或压力", "D": "等容舒张期容积或压力"}, "answer": "舒张末期容积或压力", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.不存在于RNA中的碱基是(  )。", "options": {"A": "I", "B": "X", "C": "T", "D": "U"}, "answer": "X", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "8个月患儿,腹泻5天,稀水便1日10余次,尿减少,体重5.5kg,皮下脂肪0.4cm,足稍凉,CO2CP为9mmol/L,血钠128mmol/L,本例脱水程度及性质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "轻度脱水,低渗性", "B": "中度脱水,等渗性", "C": "中度脱水,低渗性", "D": "重度脱水,低渗性"}, "answer": "中度脱水,低渗性", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "50岁以上髋关节炎病人有明显疼痛和运动障碍者,应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "髋关节置换术", "B": "人工关节置换术", "C": "关节清理术", "D": "钻孔减压术"}, "answer": "人工关节置换术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性阑尾炎患者,当腹痛尚未转移至右下腹时,在诊断上具有重要意义的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "便血", "B": "有白细胞显著升高", "C": "已有脐周压痛反跳痛", "D": "压痛已固定在右下腹"}, "answer": "压痛已固定在右下腹", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于条件反射的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "通过后天学习和训练而形成", "B": "不需要以非条件反射为基础", "C": "属低级的反射活动", "D": "主要中枢部位在脑干"}, "answer": "通过后天学习和训练而形成", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者男,29岁,高热、咳嗽、咳黄痰1周,白细胞40×109/L,与慢性粒细胞白血病不符的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血小板计数正常或略增多", "B": "骨髓中可见大量幼稚细胞及嗜酸嗜碱粒细胞", "C": "NAP活性增高", "D": "骨髓增生极度活跃"}, "answer": "NAP活性增高", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肝硬化门脉高压诊断具有特征性意义的表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脾大", "B": "内分泌紊乱", "C": "出血倾向和贫血", "D": "侧枝循环开放"}, "answer": "侧枝循环开放", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.女,60岁,患支原体肺炎,服用以上哪种药治疗,出现腹泻等双重感染?(  )", "options": {"A": "氯霉素", "B": "磺胺嘧啶(SD)", "C": "利福平", "D": "四环素"}, "answer": "四环素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女婴,9月,腹泻2天不呕吐,轻度脱水,第1天补充液体应该选择的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "3:2:1溶液静脉补充", "B": "2:1等张含钠溶液静脉补充", "C": "ORS溶液补充", "D": "以上都不对"}, "answer": "ORS溶液补充", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "典型麻疹的出疹时间与发热的关系是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热2~3天出疹,出疹时伴低热", "B": "发热3~4天出疹,出疹时热退", "C": "发热1~2天出疹,出疹时热退", "D": "发热3~4天出疹,出疹时热更高"}, "answer": "发热3~4天出疹,出疹时热更高", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "引起促胰液素释放作用最强的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HCl", "B": "脂肪酸", "C": "淀粉", "D": "葡萄糖"}, "answer": "HCl", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于神经性厌食错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "进食量明显低于正常人", "B": "存在内分泌紊乱", "C": "可伴发抑郁症状", "D": "同于正常节食"}, "answer": "同于正常节食", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某男,43岁,不间断饮白酒史20年,有时清晨即饮酒,近一月来出现失眠,无端怀疑妻子不忠,若其妻与异性交谈即发怒。2.选择治疗方案最佳的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "长期口服精神病药物", "B": "戒酒、适量抗精神药物", "C": "行为、心理治疗", "D": "脱离刺激环境,适量抗精神药物"}, "answer": "戒酒、适量抗精神药物", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肉芽组织的主要成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "成纤维细胞和新生毛细血管", "B": "炎性细胞和成纤维细胞", "C": "炎性细胞和新生毛细血管", "D": "成纤维细胞和巨噬细胞"}, "answer": "成纤维细胞和新生毛细血管", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在中国,Adison病最常见的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺结核", "B": "自血病浸润", "C": "恶性肿瘤转移", "D": "淀粉样变"}, "answer": "肾上腺结核", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "与系统性红斑狼疮患者发生雷诺现象相关的自身抗体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗RNP抗体", "B": "抗dsDNA抗体", "C": "抗SSA抗体", "D": "抗ANA抗体"}, "answer": "抗RNP抗体", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3岁,男孩,被母亲牵拉右手上台阶时突然哭闹,拒绝使用右上肢。2.诊断首先考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "右肘关节脱位", "B": "右桡骨头半脱位", "C": "右肩关节脱位", "D": "肱骨髁上骨折"}, "answer": "右桡骨头半脱位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "干扰素的抗病毒机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "增强巨噬细胞的吞噬作用", "B": "诱导LAK细胞产生", "C": "抑制病毒与受体结合", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "以上都不是", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "内源性Ag诱导的免疫应答中,哪种细胞能识别MHC-I类分子?(  )", "options": {"A": "Mφ", "B": "Th2", "C": "Tc", "D": "嗜碱粒细胞"}, "answer": "Tc", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.诊断甲亢的首选实验室检查(  )。", "options": {"A": "TT3、TT4", "B": "TRAb", "C": "rT3", "D": "甲状腺摄131I率"}, "answer": "TT3、TT4", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "哪项是最常见的有功能的垂体腺瘤?(  )", "options": {"A": "TSH瘤", "B": "ACTH瘤", "C": "PRL瘤", "D": "FSH/LH瘤"}, "answer": "PRL瘤", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列说法符合人类辅助生殖技术伦理要求的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "社会名人负有捐赠其精/卵子的法律义务", "B": "医疗机构不得向未婚大龄妇女提供助孕技术", "C": "实施人工授精时,精子库必须保证提供新鲜精液", "D": "我国大陆已婚女性,若其丈夫同意可提供无偿代孕服务"}, "answer": "医疗机构不得向未婚大龄妇女提供助孕技术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "子宫脱垂者,宫颈及部分宫体脱出阴道口,应属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅰ度轻型", "B": "Ⅱ度轻型", "C": "Ⅱ度重型", "D": "Ⅲ度重型"}, "answer": "Ⅱ度重型", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "腹泻脱水患儿,在输液过程中出现腹胀,其主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低血钾", "B": "酸中毒", "C": "细菌发酵产气", "D": "肠道弥漫性血管内凝血"}, "answer": "低血钾", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "早产儿为预防缺铁性贫血,开始给予铁剂的年龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1个月", "B": "2个月", "C": "3个月", "D": "5个月"}, "answer": "2个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "属于骨折晚期并发症的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨化性肌炎", "B": "骨筋膜室综合征", "C": "脂肪栓塞", "D": "神经损伤"}, "answer": "骨化性肌炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,21岁,消瘦、多饮2个月,咽痛、发热3天,意识不清4小时。2.最快获得诊断的检测为(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿糖,尿酮", "B": "血浆血糖测定", "C": "血气分析", "D": "尿常规"}, "answer": "尿糖,尿酮", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,35岁。妊娠4个月,因转移性右下腹痛3小时就诊。诊断为急性阑尾炎,不宜采用的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "行阑尾切除术", "B": "围术期加用黄体酮", "C": "手术切口应偏低", "D": "尽量不用腹腔引流"}, "answer": "手术切口应偏低", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列各项中,哪一项不属于《传染病防治法》规定的医疗机构确定的专门的部门或人员承担的预防传染病职责?(  )", "options": {"A": "医疗活动中与医院感染有关危险因素的监测", "B": "安全防护与隔离", "C": "传染病患者的救治", "D": "消毒灭菌"}, "answer": "传染病患者的救治", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肱骨外科颈骨折的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肱骨大、小结节交界处", "B": "肱骨大、小结节移行为肱骨干的交界处", "C": "肱骨头与肱骨干的交界处", "D": "肱骨上端干骺端处"}, "answer": "肱骨大、小结节移行为肱骨干的交界处", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者女,60岁,摔伤后左髋部疼痛6小时入院。查体:左下肢外旋畸形,左下肢短缩。X线片示:左股骨颈骨折头下型,移位明显。2.若伤后行左人工股骨头置换术,术后2周,患者由他人抱起解手时,出现左髋部疼痛,左下肢屈曲、内收、内旋,肢体短缩。该患者可能存在(  )。", "options": {"A": "左股骨粗隆间骨折", "B": "左股骨颈再次骨折", "C": "髋关节脱位", "D": "软组织挫伤"}, "answer": "髋关节脱位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哪项是急性化脓性骨髓炎最常见的致病菌?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺炎双球菌", "B": "大肠杆菌", "C": "乙型链球菌", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,28岁,个体户,有冶游史1周,2天前自觉尿痛、尿频,尿道口出脓,查体:尿道口有大量脓性分泌物,此时何种疾病可能性大?(  )", "options": {"A": "梅毒", "B": "生殖器疱疹", "C": "淋病", "D": "艾滋病"}, "answer": "淋病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.可检测细胞因子分泌细胞数量的技术是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Western blot", "B": "3H-7dR入法", "C": "蛋白质芯片法", "D": "免疫共沉淀"}, "answer": "3H-7dR入法", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.结节性甲状腺肿伴甲状腺功能亢进适合的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "他巴唑", "B": "131I治疗", "C": "甲状腺次全切除", "D": "碘盐治疗"}, "answer": "甲状腺次全切除", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列不是机械性肠梗阻原因的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肿瘤", "B": "粪块阻塞", "C": "粘连带压迫", "D": "弥漫性腹膜炎"}, "answer": "弥漫性腹膜炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.在临床诊疗或开展以人为研究对象的医学研究时,首先应坚持(  )。", "options": {"A": "知情同意原则", "B": "保守秘密原则", "C": "诚实原则", "D": "公正原则"}, "answer": "知情同意原则", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "5.柔红霉素(  )。", "options": {"A": "干扰核酸合成", "B": "破坏DNA结构与功能", "C": "嵌入DNA干扰转录", "D": "干扰蛋白质合成"}, "answer": "嵌入DNA干扰转录", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "孕妇,27岁,G2P0,妊娠42周。经检查胎盘功能良好,决定引产。下列哪一项与引产成功率有关?(  )", "options": {"A": "宫颈Bishop评分", "B": "胎头下降情况", "C": "是否见红", "D": "胎膜是否破裂"}, "answer": "宫颈Bishop评分", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "腰骶部脊髓或盆神经损伤时表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿失禁", "B": "尿潴留", "C": "多尿", "D": "少尿"}, "answer": "尿潴留", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "最近报道一女青年接受X光检查时,对医生让其脱掉上衣不解,甚至认为医生这样做是非常无礼的,有的甚至因此发生纠纷。下列哪项为此案例说明的核心伦理学问题?(  )", "options": {"A": "患者的思想太封建了", "B": "医生没有任何可指责之处", "C": "医院应该在X光检查室门口出示须知", "D": "医生没有完全尽到让患者知情同意的义务"}, "answer": "医生没有完全尽到让患者知情同意的义务", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列感染不属于外科感染的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性阑尾炎", "B": "急性化脓性蜂窝织炎", "C": "菌痢", "D": "膈下脓肿"}, "answer": "菌痢", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一名前臂骨折患者,经手法复位,小夹板固定5小时,感觉剧痛,手指麻木,肿胀,活动不灵,其主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经损伤", "B": "动脉受压和静脉受压", "C": "静脉受压", "D": "动脉损伤"}, "answer": "动脉受压和静脉受压", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "分枝杆菌特性不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗酸染色阳性", "B": "生长慢并有分枝生长的趋势", "C": "专性需氧", "D": "营养要求不高"}, "answer": "营养要求不高", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "符合半抗原的叙述的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "相对分子质量较大", "B": "有免疫反应性", "C": "只有与载体结合后才具有免疫反应性", "D": "有免疫原性"}, "answer": "只有与载体结合后才具有免疫反应性", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.IL-4的抑制Thl作用属(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ag的抑制性调节", "B": "抗体的抑制性调节", "C": "免疫细胞的抑制性调节", "D": "补体反馈的调节"}, "answer": "免疫细胞的抑制性调节", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,21岁。发作性喘息4年,再发1天急诊入院。查体:端坐呼吸,口唇发绀,双肺广泛哮鸣音,心率120次/分。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "自发性气胸", "B": "肺血栓栓塞", "C": "慢性支气管炎急性发作", "D": "支气管哮喘"}, "answer": "支气管哮喘", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "学生甲从医学院口腔专业1999年6月毕业,因对.所分配单位不满意,便在7月28日向当地区卫生局申请个体行医,当即答复不准。未准该申请是因为甲应(  )。", "options": {"A": "经注册后在医疗、预防、保健机构中执业满5年", "B": "经注册后在医疗、预防、保健机构中执业满1年", "C": "经注册后在医疗、预防、保健机构中执业满3年", "D": "毕业后在医疗、预防、保健机构中试用2年"}, "answer": "经注册后在医疗、预防、保健机构中执业满5年", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,10岁,突发右大腿下端剧痛伴高热达40℃三天,有毒血症表现,白细胞计数18×109/L,中性90%,怀疑为急性化脓性骨髓炎。2.最有价值的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线摄片检查", "B": "血培养", "C": "局部分层穿刺", "D": "核素骨显像"}, "answer": "局部分层穿刺", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,72岁。4小时前因情绪激动突发极度气急,咳嗽,咳粉红色泡沫痰。出冷汗,焦虑不安。既往COPD史20年,高血压病25年。查体:T 36.2℃,P 120次/分,R 34次/分,BP 220/30mmHg,神志模糊,端坐位,口唇发绀。无颈静脉怒张。双肺可闻及细湿啰音及哮鸣音。心率120次/分,律齐,心尖区可闻及舒张早期奔马律及2/6级收缩期杂音,腹软,双下肢无水肿。血气分析:pH 7.28,PaO2 60mmHg,PaCO2 60mmHg。2.该患者不适宜的抢救措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉滴注氨茶碱", "B": "静脉注射吗啡", "C": "静脉滴注硝普钠", "D": "静脉注射毛花苷"}, "answer": "静脉滴注氨茶碱", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿风湿热诊断标准中的主要表现不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热", "B": "心肌炎", "C": "多关节炎", "D": "环形红斑"}, "answer": "发热", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,60岁。1日前因双侧季肋部疼痛而醒来,发现双下肢不能活动,T6以下痛觉及深感觉消失和束带感,尿潴留。无助于疾病的诊断的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊柱X线平片", "B": "视觉诱发电位", "C": "脑电图", "D": "腰穿"}, "answer": "脑电图", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "经医师资格考试或助理医师考试,取得医师或助理医师资格,可以申请注册,受理机构是(  )。", "options": {"A": "县级以上卫生行政部门", "B": "县级以上人民政府", "C": "省(自治区)级卫生行政部门", "D": "国务院卫生行政部门"}, "answer": "县级以上卫生行政部门", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "伤寒最严重的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠穿孔", "B": "肠出血", "C": "血栓性静脉炎", "D": "肺炎"}, "answer": "肠穿孔", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.血浆胶体渗透压主要决定于血浆的(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄糖", "B": "白蛋白", "C": "球蛋白", "D": "纤维蛋白"}, "answer": "白蛋白", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "记忆障碍在脑器质性精神障碍的早期主要表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "逆行性遗忘", "B": "错构", "C": "虚构", "D": "近事遗忘"}, "answer": "近事遗忘", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.吗啡作用于脊髓胶质区、丘脑内侧、脑室及导水管周围灰质的阿片受体,可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "镇痛作用", "B": "镇咳作用", "C": "欣快作用", "D": "缩瞳作用"}, "answer": "镇痛作用", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于乳房扪诊说法正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人一般取平卧位", "B": "指尖触觉敏感,所以扪诊多用指尖", "C": "应循序对乳头、内上、内下、外上、外下作检查", "D": "乳房肿块较大检查其与深部组织关系时可以让病人双手叉腰使胸肌紧张"}, "answer": "乳房肿块较大检查其与深部组织关系时可以让病人双手叉腰使胸肌紧张", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,36岁,翻车肩部外伤,半小时后来院,查左锁骨中外l/3处明显畸形,局部肿胀明显、淤血,桡动脉搏动触不到,手部发凉,皮色苍白,血压80/40mmHg。2.该患者正确的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "手法复位,石膏固定", "B": "手法复位,横8字绷带固定", "C": "手术切开复位,内固定探查臂丛神经", "D": "立即手术探查受损血管并修复血管,骨折复位内固定,再加适当的外固定"}, "answer": "立即手术探查受损血管并修复血管,骨折复位内固定,再加适当的外固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "放置宫内节育器的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "月经前3~7天", "B": "月经后3~7天", "C": "月经后1天", "D": "无时间限制"}, "answer": "月经后3~7天", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,60岁,患Addison病10年,l周前发热,食欲不振,自行停服醋酸可的松,l天前出现呕吐、腹泻、嗜睡入院。该患者最可能诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性胃肠炎", "B": "感染性休克", "C": "肾上腺危象", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "肾上腺危象", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,45岁,G4P2。月经规律,白带增多半年,性交后阴道流血2个月。近3年未体检。妇科检查发现宫颈重度糜烂状,触血(+),子宫附件未见明显异常。宫颈活检组织病理报告为宫颈鳞状细胞癌,浸润深度为7mm。1.该患者的临床分期是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ⅠB1", "B": "ⅠB2", "C": "ⅠA1", "D": "ⅡA"}, "answer": "ⅠB1", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不符合神经症性障碍共同特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多无明显的精神病性症状", "B": "社会功能相对完好", "C": "症状可有相应的器质性病变", "D": "患者常有一定的易感素质"}, "answer": "症状可有相应的器质性病变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有关母婴保健医学技术鉴定,哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "母婴保健医学技术鉴定结果不具备法律效力", "B": "对产前诊断结果有异议也可以申请鉴定", "C": "县以上地方政府可以设立母婴保健医学技术鉴定组织", "D": "从事医学技术鉴定的人员,必须具有主治医师以上的专业技术职务"}, "answer": "母婴保健医学技术鉴定结果不具备法律效力", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,67岁。刺激性咳嗽3个月,痰中带血2周。吸烟30年,30支/天。胸部X线片见右肺门2.05cm×3cm团块影。血WBC 6.6×109/L.2.为明确诊断下列检查意义最大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "痰结核菌检查", "B": "痰细胞学检查", "C": "血浆D-二聚体", "D": "纤维支气管镜"}, "answer": "纤维支气管镜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,27岁。产后第4天,出现寒战、高热、腰痛,尿白细胞30个/HP,尿蛋白(+),并尿痛,下腹痛,肾区叩击痛,耻骨上压痛(+),血象WBC 18×109/L1.首先应考虑产后并发哪种疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "产褥热", "B": "败血症", "C": "急性肾盂肾炎", "D": "急性膀胱炎"}, "answer": "急性肾盂肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "28岁,男性农民,抬麻袋时突发剧烈腰痛,不敢活动腰部,卧床不敢翻身,咳嗽时腰痛加重,2天后双侧臀部也开始疼痛,神经系统检查正常。以下诊断哪一项可能性最大?(  )", "options": {"A": "腰椎骨折", "B": "急性腰扭伤", "C": "腰肌筋膜炎", "D": "腰肌劳损"}, "answer": "急性腰扭伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "抗生素治疗肺炎一般需用至(  )。", "options": {"A": "体温正常即停药", "B": "体温正常5~7天,肺部体征基本消失3天停药", "C": "体温下降后10天,胸部X线检查正常后停药", "D": "体温正常,胸部X线检查正常后停药"}, "answer": "体温正常5~7天,肺部体征基本消失3天停药", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "贫血时病人皮肤及黏膜苍白,较为可靠的检查部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "面颊、皮肤及上腭黏膜", "B": "手背皮肤及口腔黏膜", "C": "耳轮皮肤", "D": "睑结膜、指甲及口唇"}, "answer": "睑结膜、指甲及口唇", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,18岁,1年来逐渐面色苍白,无力,检查:血红蛋白50g/L,白细胞5.0×109 /L,血清铁400μg/L,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "感染性贫血", "B": "缺铁性贫血", "C": "再生障碍性贫血", "D": "溶血性贫血"}, "answer": "缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,55岁。急性胰腺炎,静脉应用广谱抗生素非手术治疗2周后,腹痛、腹胀加重,体温再度升高。1.此时应紧急选择的最有诊断意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部平片,了解有无肠麻痹", "B": "CT检查,注意是否发生胰腺坏死", "C": "腹腔穿刺,检测渗出液淀粉酶含量", "D": "检查血脂肪酶,了解胰腺炎病情变化"}, "answer": "腹腔穿刺,检测渗出液淀粉酶含量", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,5岁,2周前曾患上呼吸道感染,目前不规则发热,易疲倦,脸色略苍白。查体:心率增快,心尖部第一心音减弱,并可闻及早搏。心电检查:P-R间期延长,ST段下移。实验室检查:C反应蛋白增高。2.下述哪一项检查可以帮助确诊(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗透明质酸酶", "B": "心脏X线检查", "C": "血沉", "D": "谷草转氨酶"}, "answer": "抗透明质酸酶", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于真核生物mRNA结构的描述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "5'-端留有特殊的内含子", "B": "3'-端有特殊的“尾”结构", "C": "3'-端存在非翻译序列", "D": "含有开放阅读框架区"}, "answer": "5'-端留有特殊的内含子", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,51岁,腹痛伴腹胀1天。暴饮暴食后突然剧烈上腹痛,之后出现腹胀,停止排气、排便。查体:T 38.2℃,P 120次/分,R 25次/分,BP 135/73mmHg。腹部明显膨隆,双侧腰肋部皮下瘀斑,全腹肌紧张,压痛和反跳痛(+),肠鸣音消失。实验室检查:血清淀粉酶180U/L,WBC 17×109/L。2.关于该患者的肠内营养支持,正确的原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清淀粉酶恢复正常后即可以实施肠内营养", "B": "在该患者病程中都不能肠内营养", "C": "早期以肠内营养为主", "D": "肠功能恢复后尽早实施肠内营养"}, "answer": "肠功能恢复后尽早实施肠内营养", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "新生儿每日共需热量约为(  )。", "options": {"A": "376.2~418kJ/kg(90~100kcal/kg)", "B": "3344~376.2kJ/kg(80~90kcal/kg)", "C": "418~502kJ/kg(100~120kcaL/kg)", "D": "418~534kJ/kg(100~130kcaL/kg)"}, "answer": "418~502kJ/kg(100~120kcaL/kg)", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,48岁。体检发现右肾下有2cm×2cm占位病变,IVU尿路造影未见右肾盂肾盏形态改变,CT可诊断右肾下级恶性肿瘤,左肾形态和功能正常,下面的治疗方案正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "根治性右肾切除", "B": "右肾部分切除", "C": "右肾动脉栓塞", "D": "右肾部分切除加放化疗"}, "answer": "根治性右肾切除", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "产生毒素与噬菌体有关的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "霍乱弧菌", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "C": "产气荚膜梭菌", "D": "白喉棒状杆菌"}, "answer": "白喉棒状杆菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "检测血清中的某种激素选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "酶标记法", "B": "荧光标记法", "C": "放射性核素标记法", "D": "化学发光测光法"}, "answer": "放射性核素标记法", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,32岁。1周来发热伴会阴部疼痛,逐渐加重。大便有里急后重感,且排尿困难。盲肠指诊因疼痛不合作未能进行,白细胞75×109/L。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肛旁脓肿", "B": "血栓性外痔", "C": "坐骨直肠窝脓肿", "D": "盆腔脓肿"}, "answer": "坐骨直肠窝脓肿", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下先心病均表现有P2亢进,但应除外(  )。", "options": {"A": "室间隔缺损", "B": "房间隔缺损", "C": "原发性肺动脉高压", "D": "肺动脉狭窄"}, "answer": "肺动脉狭窄", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,62岁,突然出现剧烈头痛和呕吐8小时。无发热,否认高血压史。查体:神清,体温36.9℃,血压120/75mmHg,右侧瞳孔直径3.5mm,对光反应消失,上睑下垂,眼球向上、下及内侧运动不能,颈项强直,克氏征阳性。CT示脑正中裂及右大脑外侧裂、枕大池呈高密度影。3.为进一步治疗及预防,最重要的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑电图", "B": "腰穿", "C": "全脑血管造影", "D": "颅脑X线平片"}, "answer": "全脑血管造影", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "新生儿期的保健重点包括以下几方面,但其中有一项不是必需的(  )。", "options": {"A": "保温", "B": "清洁卫生", "C": "护理", "D": "预防传染病"}, "answer": "预防传染病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,42岁,慢性肾炎合并胆囊炎,宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "庆大霉素", "B": "四环素", "C": "多西环素", "D": "头孢唑啉"}, "answer": "多西环素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "最早出现结核菌素试验阳性反应的时间是在小儿受结核感染(  )。", "options": {"A": "4~8周后", "B": "9~13周后", "C": "14~18周后", "D": "19~23周后"}, "answer": "4~8周后", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪一项不是系统性红斑狼疮诊断标准中的肾脏病变?(  )", "options": {"A": "蛋白尿", "B": "白细胞管型", "C": "血红蛋白管型", "D": "颗粒管型"}, "answer": "白细胞管型", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "崔某,男性,43岁,近20年来每年发作一次鬼神附体,以大仙口气说话,要求父亲烧香拜佛,持续数小时后痊愈,一个半月前开始疲乏无力,不认家人,好忘事,小便尿在裤内,右侧轻偏瘫,右手拿不住东西,好跟别人说话。既往史:23岁时有冶游史。神经系统检查:两侧瞳孔不等大,右瞳孔边缘不整齐,左侧椭圆形,右侧瞳孔光反射消失。1.最有必要的检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "EEG", "B": "心理测验", "C": "康华试验", "D": "头部CT"}, "answer": "康华试验", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.分子筛(凝胶层析)分离蛋白质的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋白质是两性电解质", "B": "蛋白质分子大小不同", "C": "蛋白质多肽链中氨基酸是借肽键相连", "D": "蛋白质溶液为亲水胶体"}, "answer": "蛋白质分子大小不同", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,26岁,安徽人,间日寒战、高热、大汗发作8天,间歇期精神良好,体检无明显阳性体征,疑诊为疟疾。2.控制疟疾发作的首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯喹", "B": "伯氨喹", "C": "奎宁", "D": "青蒿素"}, "answer": "氯喹", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肝功能不良时,合成受影响较小的蛋白质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "凝血酶原", "B": "免疫球蛋白", "C": "纤维蛋白原", "D": "凝血因子Ⅴ、Ⅶ和Ⅸ"}, "answer": "免疫球蛋白", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下了哪项是冠状动脉粥样硬化的好发部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "左旋支", "B": "左前降支", "C": "右冠状动脉后降支", "D": "右冠状动脉"}, "answer": "左前降支", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1岁女孩,急起高热1天,伴流涎、厌食。体检:咽部充血,咽腭弓、悬雍垂、软腭等处可见2~4mm大小疱疹。心肺检查无异常。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "川崎病", "B": "鹅口疮", "C": "猩红热", "D": "疱疹性咽峡炎"}, "answer": "疱疹性咽峡炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "智力发展的关键期在(  )。", "options": {"A": "3岁前", "B": "4岁前", "C": "6岁前", "D": "7岁前"}, "answer": "7岁前", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,45岁。1天前进高脂餐后出现右上腹剧烈绞痛,阵发性加剧,并向右肩背部放射,伴恶心、呕吐、发热,体温38℃。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝脓肿", "B": "胃溃疡穿孔", "C": "急性肺栓塞", "D": "急性胆囊炎"}, "answer": "急性胆囊炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "亚急性感染性心内膜炎的主要致病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "草绿色链球菌", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "C": "溶血性链球菌", "D": "肺炎链球菌"}, "answer": "草绿色链球菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,37岁。发热,气短10天,伴明显刺激性咳嗽、咽痛、头痛。白细胞增高。胸片呈双下肺点片状浸润影。最有可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎链球菌肺炎", "B": "肺结核", "C": "支原体肺炎", "D": "肺孢子菌肺炎"}, "answer": "支原体肺炎", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.表示性格的内外倾向(  )。", "options": {"A": "P量表", "B": "E量表", "C": "N量表", "D": "L量表"}, "answer": "E量表", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "深Ⅱ度烧伤局部损伤的深度达(  )。", "options": {"A": "真皮浅层,部分生发层健在", "B": "表皮层,生发层健在", "C": "真皮深层,有皮肤附件残留", "D": "脂肪层"}, "answer": "真皮深层,有皮肤附件残留", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,25岁,鼻衄、牙龈出血、皮肤瘀斑3天。查体:T 37.8℃,胸骨压痛,血常规:WBC 2.8×109/L,Hb 80g/L,PLT1.8×109/L,血分类中未见异常细胞,尿常规可见多个红细胞。2.下列检查诊断中意义不大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "凝血酶原时间", "B": "乙醇胶试验", "C": "纤维蛋白原定量", "D": "NAP积分"}, "answer": "NAP积分", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "目前国内治疗流行性脑脊髓膜炎的首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "磺胺嘧啶", "B": "青霉素", "C": "氯霉素", "D": "红霉素"}, "answer": "青霉素", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "孕早期妇女感染下列哪种病原体易导致胎儿先天性感染?(  )", "options": {"A": "人乳头瘤病毒", "B": "白假丝酵母菌", "C": "淋病奈瑟菌", "D": "巨细胞病毒"}, "answer": "巨细胞病毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "按手术期限,下列属于限期手术的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性阑尾炎切除术", "B": "直肠癌根治术", "C": "完全性肠梗阻造瘘术", "D": "急性上消化道穿孔修补术"}, "answer": "直肠癌根治术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对十二指肠溃疡采用高选择性迷走神经切断术时,幽门成形术的作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "减少溃疡复发率", "B": "防止发生腹泻", "C": "避免发生胃潴留", "D": "进一步降低胃酸"}, "answer": "避免发生胃潴留", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.浦肯野细胞4期自动除极的离子机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Na+内流", "B": "Ca2+内流", "C": "Na+内流和K+外流", "D": "K+外流和Ca2+内流"}, "answer": "Na+内流", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列何药适用于诊断嗜铬细胞瘤?(  )", "options": {"A": "阿托品", "B": "肾上腺素", "C": "酚妥拉明", "D": "山莨菪碱"}, "answer": "酚妥拉明", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,6个月,流涕、咳嗽3天,近半天高热,体温39.4℃,抽搐1次,约3分钟自行缓解。查体:精神萎靡,前囟平,咽充血,双肺未闻及中小水泡音,脑膜刺激征阴性。血常规:白细胞5×109/L,该患儿最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中毒性脑病", "B": "上感,高热惊厥", "C": "手足搐搦症", "D": "脑炎"}, "answer": "上感,高热惊厥", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "Colles骨折,最有诊断意义的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "局部肿胀", "B": "反常活动", "C": "典型畸形", "D": "手功能受限"}, "answer": "典型畸形", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "周围血管疾病用测定双侧肢体皮肤温差的方法判断动脉血流减少情况,温度相差至少应大于(  )。", "options": {"A": "0.5℃", "B": "1.5℃", "C": "2.5℃", "D": "2.0℃"}, "answer": "2.0℃", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,62岁。近3个月来逐渐出现上腹不适,进食后饱胀、嗳气。纤维胃镜发现大弯侧胃壁上1cm大小块状肿物,与周围组织界限不清,病理检查示恶性。1.该肿瘤Borrmarm分型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅰ型", "B": "Ⅱ型", "C": "Ⅳ型", "D": "Ⅴ型"}, "answer": "Ⅰ型", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对能量代谢影响最显著的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌肉运动", "B": "高温环境", "C": "寒冷刺激", "D": "精神紧张"}, "answer": "肌肉运动", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "恶性肿瘤向邻近器官侵犯的主要方式为(  )。", "options": {"A": "直接蔓延", "B": "种植播散", "C": "血管播散", "D": "淋巴管播散"}, "answer": "直接蔓延", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "蛋白质紫外吸收的最大波长为(  )。", "options": {"A": "260nm", "B": "250nm", "C": "270nm", "D": "280nm"}, "answer": "280nm", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对肿瘤细胞具有特异性杀伤作用的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "巨噬细胞", "B": "中性粒细胞", "C": "B细胞", "D": "CTL细胞"}, "answer": "CTL细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男孩,4岁。一向偏食,不吃鱼肉蛋,近日发现面色渐苍白,不愿活动,时而腹泻。查体心肺正常,肝脏于肋下触及3cm,脾未及,血Hb60g/L,RBC2.90×1012/L,血涂片:红细胞大小不等,以小为主,中心淡染区扩大。3.引起此病的主要病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生长发育过快", "B": "先天贮备不足", "C": "摄入量不足", "D": "患有慢性失血性疾病"}, "answer": "摄入量不足", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "贫血病人血红蛋白50g/L,红细胞比容20%,白细胞4.8×109/L,网织红细胞2%,红细胞平均体积76fl,MCHC(红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度)0.24,血小板120×109/L。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "再生障碍性贫血", "B": "甲状腺功能减退所致贫血", "C": "缺铁性贫血", "D": "巨幼红细胞性贫血"}, "answer": "缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.引起梅毒的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "苍白密螺旋体", "B": "甲型溶血性链球菌", "C": "人类乳头状瘤病毒", "D": "HIV"}, "answer": "苍白密螺旋体", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,20岁,右大腿刀刺伤18h,刀口处红肿,有渗出液,目前最适当的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "清创缝合", "B": "抗生素治疗", "C": "清理伤口后换药", "D": "局部固定"}, "answer": "清理伤口后换药", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肝硬化时,脾大的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脾窦扩张,红细胞淤滞", "B": "脾窦巨噬细胞增多", "C": "脾内纤维组织增生", "D": "脾小体多量中性粒细胞浸润"}, "answer": "脾窦扩张,红细胞淤滞", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.分泌IL-1和IL-12等细胞因子,参与免疫调节(  )。", "options": {"A": "Th2细胞", "B": "NK细胞", "C": "Tc(CTL)细胞", "D": "巨噬细胞"}, "answer": "巨噬细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "Na+由细胞外液进入细胞的通道是(  )。", "options": {"A": "化学门控通道", "B": "电压门控通道", "C": "电压门控通道或化学门控通道", "D": "缝隙连接"}, "answer": "电压门控通道或化学门控通道", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪一种精神障碍不宜进行心理治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "焦虑障碍", "B": "精神分裂症", "C": "睡眠障碍", "D": "抑郁障碍"}, "answer": "精神分裂症", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "阿莫西林主要用于治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎球菌引起的下呼吸道感染", "B": "尿路感染", "C": "螺旋体感染", "D": "鼠咬热"}, "answer": "肺炎球菌引起的下呼吸道感染", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "新生儿败血症在病原菌未明之前,宜用的抗生素为(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素", "B": "氨苄青霉素", "C": "丁胺卡那霉素+红霉素", "D": "耐酶青霉素+丁胺卡那霉素"}, "answer": "耐酶青霉素+丁胺卡那霉素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "受理执业医师注册申请的卫生行政部门,对应当准予注册的,准予注册期限是自收到申请之日起(  )。", "options": {"A": "10日内", "B": "7日内", "C": "15日内", "D": "30日内"}, "answer": "30日内", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肾病综合征的特征中最主要的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量蛋白尿", "B": "不同程度水肿", "C": "低蛋白血症", "D": "血沉明显增快"}, "answer": "大量蛋白尿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.治疗结核病选用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "磺胺嘧啶", "B": "异烟肼", "C": "甲氧苄啶", "D": "环丙沙星"}, "answer": "异烟肼", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "乳房后脓肿切开引流最好采用(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳房表面放射状切口", "B": "乳房表面横切口", "C": "乳晕下缘弧形切口", "D": "乳房下缘弧形切口"}, "answer": "乳房下缘弧形切口", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "7个月女婴,腹泻水样便2天,大便10次/日,高热1天,汗多,进食少,尿少,口渴。查体:烦躁不安,四肢暖,皮肤弹性差,心、肺(-),膝反射亢进。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "轻度等渗性脱水", "B": "中度等渗性脱水", "C": "中度低渗性脱水", "D": "中度高渗性脱水"}, "answer": "中度高渗性脱水", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "可引起红细胞渗透脆性增高的溶血性贫血是(  )。", "options": {"A": "α海洋性贫血", "B": "镰形细胞贫血", "C": "阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿", "D": "遗传性球形细胞增多症"}, "answer": "遗传性球形细胞增多症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "疟疾的热型一般为(  )。", "options": {"A": "间歇热", "B": "弛张热", "C": "回归热", "D": "不规则热"}, "answer": "间歇热", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "26岁初产妇,足月,规律宫缩4小时,枕左前位,估计胎儿体重2600g,胎心144次/分。产科检查:宫口开大3cm,未破膜,S=+1,骨盆外测量未见异常。1.此时恰当的处理应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人工破膜", "B": "静脉滴注缩宫素", "C": "等待自然分娩", "D": "行剖宫产术"}, "answer": "等待自然分娩", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,40岁,长期从事办公室工作,弯腰取物时,突感腰部疼痛来诊。体格检查发现被动姿势,腰3~4右椎旁及腰3右横突压痛明显,放射到臂部、腰部,右直腿抬高试验(+),加强试验(-)。应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性腰扭伤", "B": "腰肌劳损", "C": "腰椎管狭窄症", "D": "腰椎问盘突出症"}, "answer": "急性腰扭伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "质粒DNA是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌染色体外的独立遗传单位", "B": "病毒基因组DNA的一部分", "C": "真核细胞染色体DNA的一部分", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "细菌染色体外的独立遗传单位", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "药物不良反应(  )。", "options": {"A": "一般都很严重", "B": "发生在大剂量情况下", "C": "产生原因与药物作用的选择性高有关", "D": "发生在治疗剂量"}, "answer": "发生在治疗剂量", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "尿常规见红细胞及变形红细胞提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球病变", "B": "肾盂病变", "C": "输尿管病变", "D": "膀胱病变"}, "answer": "肾小球病变", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "形成动脉血压的基本因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏射血和静脉血压", "B": "血管容量和血量", "C": "心脏射血和外周阻力", "D": "外周静脉压和静脉血流阻力"}, "answer": "心脏射血和外周阻力", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.免疫粘附作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "C1-C3", "B": "C1-C4", "C": "C3b", "D": "C3a"}, "answer": "C3b", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "目前我国医学伦理学主要的研究方向是(  )。", "options": {"A": "公民道德问题", "B": "临床医学问题", "C": "公共道德的学说和体系", "D": "医学实践中的道德问题"}, "answer": "医学实践中的道德问题", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在Ab产生的一般规律中,初次应答产生最早,具有早期诊断价值的Ig是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgM", "B": "IgG", "C": "IgE", "D": "IgD"}, "answer": "IgM", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医疗机构发现发生或者可能发生传染病暴发流行时,应当(  )。", "options": {"A": "在1h内向所在地县级人民政府卫生行政主管部门报告", "B": "在2h内向所在地县级人民政府卫生行政主管部门报告", "C": "在4h内向所在地县级人民政府卫生行政主管部门报告", "D": "在6h内向所在地县级人民政府卫生行政主管部门报告"}, "answer": "在2h内向所在地县级人民政府卫生行政主管部门报告", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,3天,第一胎足月顺产,出生18小时发现皮肤黄染,吃奶好。体检:反应好,皮肤巩膜中度黄染,肝肋下2cm,子血型“B”,母血型“O”,血清胆红素257μmol/L(15mg/dL)。最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿肝炎", "B": "败血症", "C": "新生儿ABO溶血病", "D": "新生儿Rh溶血病"}, "answer": "新生儿ABO溶血病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于细胞因子的作用特点哪项是错误的(  )。", "options": {"A": "MHC限制性", "B": "高效性", "C": "多效性", "D": "重叠性"}, "answer": "MHC限制性", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,46岁。已诊断为肾病综合征,近两日右下肢疼、凉,右足背动脉搏动触不清,趾皮肤发绀。应首先考虑的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "下尿路感染", "B": "右下肢静脉血栓", "C": "心力衰竭", "D": "右下肢动脉栓塞"}, "answer": "右下肢动脉栓塞", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,26岁,突然出现从一侧手指开始的抽动,向腕部、臂、肩部及半身扩展。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全面性强直-阵挛发作", "B": "精神运动性发作", "C": "失神发作", "D": "Jackson癫痫"}, "answer": "Jackson癫痫", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "治疗急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎最常用的有效手术方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急诊胆总管切开引流", "B": "胆囊切除术", "C": "胆囊造口术", "D": "胆囊空肠吻合术"}, "answer": "急诊胆总管切开引流", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "12岁患儿,因高度浮肿,大量蛋白尿,于外院诊断为原发性肾病综合征,经用泼尼松60mg/d,治疗8周,现尿蛋白(+++~++++),尿红细胞50个/HP,血清补体C3正常,肾功能正常。2.选择治疗的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "以地塞米松取代泼尼松", "B": "泼尼松移行减量改隔日顿服", "C": "甲泼尼龙冲击后停用泼尼松", "D": "立即停泼尼松改用环磷酰胺"}, "answer": "泼尼松移行减量改隔日顿服", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不属于细胞膜受体的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素受体", "B": "促肾上腺皮质激素受体", "C": "甲状腺素受体", "D": "心钠素受体"}, "answer": "甲状腺素受体", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎患者的脑脊液中下列哪项明显增高,且有诊断意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "中性粒细胞", "B": "单核细胞", "C": "糖含量", "D": "氯化物"}, "answer": "中性粒细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "支气管肺炎合并急性心衰的诊断依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸、心率突然增快", "B": "极度烦躁不安", "C": "心音低钝、奔马律", "D": "以上均是"}, "answer": "以上均是", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "容易发生出血性梗死的脏器是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺", "B": "心", "C": "肾", "D": "脾"}, "answer": "肺", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.神经性呕吐(  )。", "options": {"A": "通过节食,自我诱发呕吐,过度运动达到体重减轻,存在害怕发胖的超价观念", "B": "自我诱发的反复呕吐,呕吐物为刚进的食物,体重保持在正常体重的80%以上", "C": "发生于睡眠的前1/3阶段,伴尖叫,哭喊,惊恐,醒后不能回忆,多见于儿童", "D": "睡眠时有噩梦,有强烈的梦境体验,伴情绪紧张、心悸等,见于任何年龄"}, "answer": "自我诱发的反复呕吐,呕吐物为刚进的食物,体重保持在正常体重的80%以上", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,18岁,确诊暴发型流行性脑脊髓膜炎,应首选下列哪个药物治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "磺胺嘧啶(SD)", "B": "青霉素G", "C": "头孢呋辛", "D": "复方新诺明"}, "answer": "磺胺嘧啶(SD)", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "最常见的后纵隔肿瘤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脂肪瘤", "B": "神经源性肿瘤", "C": "淋巴瘤", "D": "胸腺瘤"}, "answer": "神经源性肿瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于医学伦理学的任务,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "反映社会对医学的需求", "B": "为医学的发展导向", "C": "努力解决医学活动中产生的伦理问题", "D": "满足患者的所有要求和利益"}, "answer": "满足患者的所有要求和利益", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于急性化脓性骨髓炎,最可靠的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "患肢干骺肿胀、关节活动受限", "B": "呼吸急促,心跳加快", "C": "血压下降,脉搏细弱", "D": "患肢干骺端深压痛"}, "answer": "患肢干骺端深压痛", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,22岁,发热起病3天后,自行缓解,高度乏力、腹胀,黄疸进行加深,病程第九天出现躁动、神志不清,重度黄疸,肝界缩小,应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "中毒性肝炎", "B": "急性重型肝炎", "C": "慢性重型肝炎", "D": "亚急性重型肝炎"}, "answer": "急性重型肝炎", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,30岁。人工流产后发热伴下腹疼痛20天。查体:宫颈举痛,子宫后位,正常大小,触痛明显。右侧宫旁明显增厚,压痛。盆腔超声检查:子宫大小正常,右宫旁可探及不均质混合回声包块,大小约5.0cm×2.5cm,边界欠清。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性盆腔炎", "B": "盆腔结核", "C": "卵巢肿瘤蒂扭转", "D": "黄体破裂"}, "answer": "急性盆腔炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "产后出血最常见的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫收缩乏力", "B": "凝血功能障碍", "C": "软产道损伤", "D": "急产"}, "answer": "子宫收缩乏力", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "正常胎儿血循环中血氧含量最高的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺动脉", "B": "左心房", "C": "脐静脉", "D": "脐动脉"}, "answer": "脐静脉", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.鉴别l型或2型糖尿病最常用的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿糖", "B": "胰岛素释放试验", "C": "葡萄糖耐量试验", "D": "糖化血红蛋白"}, "answer": "胰岛素释放试验", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对病人的义务,错误的认识是(  )。", "options": {"A": "如实地向医生提供病情及相关信息", "B": "不能怀疑医生的诊断和治疗", "C": "为支持医学教学而为学生做示教", "D": "积极配合医生的治疗"}, "answer": "不能怀疑医生的诊断和治疗", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,60岁。黄疸。B超检查显示肝内胆管直径约1cm。应进一步选择的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉胆道造影", "B": "经皮肝穿刺胆道造影", "C": "十二指肠低张造影", "D": "腹腔动脉造影"}, "answer": "经皮肝穿刺胆道造影", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,男,2岁半,经常反复呼吸道感染,体格检查发现胸骨左缘第2肋间有Ⅱ~Ⅲ级收缩期杂音,无震颤,P2亢进伴固定分裂。胸透示肺门血管增粗,搏动强烈,右心室饱满。ECG示电轴右偏,Vl呈rsR′型,RV115mm。1.该患儿的诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "病毒性心肌炎", "C": "动脉导管未闭", "D": "法洛四联症"}, "answer": "房间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肺通气的直接动力来自于(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸内压与肺内压之差", "B": "肺内压与大气压之差", "C": "气体的分压差", "D": "呼吸肌收缩和舒张"}, "answer": "肺内压与大气压之差", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,33岁,经蝶窦行垂体泌乳素瘤手术2个月,放疗后1个月,血泌乳素123μg/L,最适合的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "再次放疗", "B": "溴隐亭治疗", "C": "左旋多巴治疗", "D": "行经额垂体瘤手术"}, "answer": "溴隐亭治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,35岁。感冒后出现双下肢无力,感觉消失伴尿潴留1天。查体:肌张力低,腱反射消失,双侧剑突以下感觉消失,病理征未引出。患者运动障碍的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓突然失去高位中枢的调节", "B": "脊髓高位中枢抑制减弱", "C": "脊髓横断面损伤性刺激", "D": "脊髓高位中枢过度抑制"}, "answer": "脊髓突然失去高位中枢的调节", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.缺铁性贫血服用铁剂治疗后1~2周(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞内含铁酶开始恢复", "B": "网织红细胞开始上升", "C": "血红蛋白逐渐上升", "D": "网织红细胞降至正常"}, "answer": "血红蛋白逐渐上升", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿前囟检查的意义,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "前囟过大见于佝偻病", "B": "前囟饱满见于颅压增高", "C": "前囟凹陷见于脱水者", "D": "前囟早闭见于克汀病"}, "answer": "前囟早闭见于克汀病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "DIC的治疗,最根本的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "及时补充凝血因子", "B": "积极抗休克", "C": "消除病因", "D": "输血"}, "answer": "消除病因", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "根据《献血法》的规定,血站对献血者每次采集的血液量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "100毫升;150毫升", "B": "200毫升;300毫升", "C": "200毫升;400毫升", "D": "300毫升;400毫升"}, "answer": "200毫升;400毫升", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,20岁。突发右侧胸痛伴气短1天入院。体检示右胸叩诊呈鼓音。该患者最可能出现的胸部X线片表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膈疝", "B": "气胸", "C": "少量胸腔积液", "D": "肺气肿"}, "answer": "气胸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "高压蒸气灭菌法通常在1.05kg/cm2的压力下维持时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1~5分钟", "B": "15~20分钟", "C": "25~30分钟", "D": "55~60分钟"}, "answer": "15~20分钟", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "脊柱骨折造成脱位并脊髓半横切损伤,其损伤平面以下的改变,是(  )。", "options": {"A": "双侧肢体完全截瘫", "B": "同侧肢体运动消失。双侧肢体深浅感觉消失", "C": "同侧肢体运动和深感觉消失,对侧肢体痛温觉消失", "D": "同侧肢体运动和痛温觉消失,对侧肢体深感觉消失"}, "answer": "同侧肢体运动和深感觉消失,对侧肢体痛温觉消失", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在伤寒的流行病学上具有重要意义的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤寒患者", "B": "伤寒暂时性带菌者", "C": "伤寒慢性带菌者", "D": "伤寒恢复期患者"}, "answer": "伤寒慢性带菌者", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对唾液分泌调节的叙述,错误的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "主要是神经反射性调节", "B": "初级中枢在脊髓", "C": "副交感神经兴奋时唾液分泌增加", "D": "抗乙酰胆碱药物能抑制唾液分泌"}, "answer": "初级中枢在脊髓", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.神经细胞动作电位的复极相,K+外流至膜外又暂时阻碍K+下一步外流,形成(  )。", "options": {"A": "锋电位", "B": "负后电位", "C": "局部电位", "D": "正后电位"}, "answer": "负后电位", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.普通感冒最常见的病毒是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸道合胞病毒", "B": "鼻病毒和冠状病毒", "C": "腮腺炎病毒", "D": "流感病毒"}, "answer": "鼻病毒和冠状病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.属限期手术的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "嵌顿疝还纳修补术", "B": "胃癌根治术", "C": "甲状腺腺瘤切除术", "D": "脾破裂行脾切除术"}, "answer": "胃癌根治术", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.做基础降压药宜选(  )。", "options": {"A": "氢氯噻嗪", "B": "呋塞米", "C": "氨苯蝶啶", "D": "螺内酯"}, "answer": "氢氯噻嗪", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,62岁。近两月来常有吞咽困难,伴隐痛,但可进半流质饮食,自感体力不支,逐渐消瘦。2.对诊断最有价值的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部X线片", "B": "食管吞钡", "C": "纤维食管镜+活检", "D": "纵隔CT"}, "answer": "纤维食管镜+活检", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "建筑工人不慎坠楼,腰剧痛,双下肢感觉运动障碍,大小便功能障碍。1.现场搬运的正确方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "平托或滚动法", "B": "双人搂抱法", "C": "侧卧搬运法", "D": "背驮法"}, "answer": "平托或滚动法", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.支气管哮喘患者发生Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭最主要的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺泡通气量下降", "B": "通气/血流比例失衡", "C": "肺内分流", "D": "耗氧量增加"}, "answer": "通气/血流比例失衡", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男婴11个月,生后经常便秘、腹胀、少哭,查体:体温36℃,心率70次/分,腹部膨隆,有脐疝,四肢短粗,唇厚舌大。1.最可能的诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺功能低下", "B": "软骨营养不良", "C": "黏多糖病", "D": "生长激素缺乏"}, "answer": "甲状腺功能低下", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,46岁,反复发作的上腹疼痛、易饱、嗳气半年。伴失眠、抑郁。经检查排除了食管,胃肠、肝胆胰器质性病变和糖尿病、肾脏病、结缔组织病。经放射性核素检查胃排空时间延迟,诊断为动力障碍型功能性消化不良。关于其治疗以下哪项不适用?(  )", "options": {"A": "促胃动力药物", "B": "抗抑郁药物", "C": "抑酸药物", "D": "红霉素"}, "answer": "红霉素", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于初乳,下列哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "呈淡黄色,含有丰富的脂质", "B": "含蛋白质多", "C": "含β胡萝卜素多", "D": "含大量免疫抗体,如分泌型IgA"}, "answer": "呈淡黄色,含有丰富的脂质", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医患关系本质是以社会主义法制为保障建立起来的(  )。", "options": {"A": "权威关系", "B": "信誉关系", "C": "友好关系", "D": "信托关系"}, "answer": "信托关系", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,31岁。因低热、咳嗽、痰中带血1个月余,诊断左上肺肺结核,现正规抗结核治疗(2HRZE/4HR)已4个月,近1周来纳差,肝功能检查示ALT较正常升高4倍。此时应采取的最佳措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "加用护肝药", "B": "停抗结核药物", "C": "改用HE+对氨基水杨酸", "D": "改用HE+左氧氟沙星"}, "answer": "停抗结核药物", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肥达反应有诊断价值的抗体效价,通常是(  )。", "options": {"A": "O凝集价≥1:80,H凝集价≥1:160", "B": "O凝集价≥1:40,H凝集价≥1:160", "C": "O凝集价≥1:160,H凝集价≥1:80", "D": "O凝集价≥1:80,H凝集价≥1:80"}, "answer": "O凝集价≥1:80,H凝集价≥1:160", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "7个月患儿,发热3天,体温39℃,流涕,咳重。皮肤出现红色斑丘疹,体温升至40℃。颊粘膜粗糙,可见白色斑点。2.该患儿需隔离至出疹后(  )。", "options": {"A": "3天", "B": "5天", "C": "7天", "D": "14天"}, "answer": "5天", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "股骨闭合性骨折后,体温可能出现的情况(  )。", "options": {"A": "上午正常,下午高热", "B": "通常不超过38℃", "C": "常在38.5℃以上", "D": "一般低于正常"}, "answer": "通常不超过38℃", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,62岁。上腹痛10天。既往高血压病史10余年,反复心前区疼痛发作2个月,口服阿司匹林100mg/日、降压药物、他汀类降脂药等治疗。查体:T 36.5℃,P 80次/分,R 18次/分,BP 120/80mmHg,双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿啰音,心律齐,腹软,无压痛。上消化道X线钡剂造影:胃角切迹壁外龛影。13C尿素呼气试验阴性。最适宜的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "雷尼替丁", "B": "枸橼酸铋钾", "C": "多潘立酮", "D": "奥美拉唑"}, "answer": "奥美拉唑", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "王某是位部门主管,工作能力强,可他平时竞争性强、好胜、时间观念强,常常有过分的敌意。2.这种行为特征最有可能导致以下哪种疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "神经性贪食", "B": "支气管哮喘", "C": "冠心病", "D": "消化性溃疡"}, "answer": "冠心病", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是诊断恶性肿瘤的主要依据?(  )", "options": {"A": "肿瘤局部疼痛", "B": "瘤细胞出现明显异型性", "C": "所属淋巴结肿大", "D": "机体明显消瘦"}, "answer": "瘤细胞出现明显异型性", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "王某,48岁,建筑工人,因牙关紧闭、四肢痉挛而入院。8天前,右脚被铁钉扎伤,伤口深,但几日后自愈。5日后,右腿有些麻木和疼痛,咀嚼不便、吞咽困难,最后全身抽搐、四肢痉挛。入院诊断为破伤风。最佳治疗原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "注射破伤风抗毒素和白百破疫苗", "B": "注射破伤风抗毒素和青霉素", "C": "注射青霉素", "D": "注射破伤风抗毒素"}, "answer": "注射破伤风抗毒素和青霉素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "β2受体兴奋剂在应用两周后,常引起受体下调,支气管舒张作用减弱。下列哪种药物可促进如受体功能的恢复?(  )", "options": {"A": "酮替芬", "B": "溴化己胺醇", "C": "白三烯受体拮抗剂", "D": "异丙托品"}, "answer": "酮替芬", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿10个月,因间断腹泻2个月,面色苍白1个月就诊。大便2~3次/日,呈糊状,母乳喂养,4个月添加辅食。患儿3个月时因患坏死性小肠结肠炎,行小肠大部切除术,术后一般情况渐好转。查体:皮肤粘膜苍白,舌细微震颤,心脏(-),肝肋下2.5cm,脾肋下1cm,血红蛋白70g/L,红细胞2×1012/L,白细胞5.2×109/L,部分中性粒细胞有核右移。3.为做出初步诊断,最简便的方法为(  )。", "options": {"A": "血涂片检查", "B": "血清铁测定", "C": "红细胞寿命测定", "D": "血清叶酸含量测定"}, "answer": "血涂片检查", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,25岁,持续发热10d,开始为38℃左右,5d后持续高热39~40℃,伴腹胀和轻度腹泻。查体:体温40℃,呼吸26/min,精神淡漠。两肺无异常。心率86/min,律齐,第一心音偏低。腹胀、无压痛,肝右肋下2cm,软,脾左肋下1cm,血白细胞3.0×109/L,中性0.75,嗜酸性粒细胞0,单核0.05,淋巴细胞0.20。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "菌痢", "B": "伤寒、副伤寒", "C": "结缔组织病", "D": "结核病"}, "answer": "伤寒、副伤寒", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "53岁妇女,绝经2年,阴道分泌物增多伴腰痛2个月,偶有少量阴道出血。妇科检查:宫颈结节状增大,直径5cm,质硬,触血(+),左侧主韧带条索状增粗>1/2,右侧主韧带内1/2增粗,均弹性下降。3.入院后行B超检查发现左侧肾盂积水,其临床分期为(  )。", "options": {"A": "ⅡB期", "B": "IIIA期", "C": "ⅢB期", "D": "ⅣA期"}, "answer": "ⅢB期", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "人体血浆内蛋白总浓度大约为(  )。", "options": {"A": "20~30g/L", "B": "30~40g/L", "C": "45~55g/L", "D": "60~80g/L"}, "answer": "60~80g/L", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列指导低血容量性休克补液治疗最可靠的检测指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血红蛋白", "B": "中心静脉压", "C": "肢端温度", "D": "血细胞比容"}, "answer": "中心静脉压", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "“人命至重,有贵干金”,这句话是谁说的?(  )", "options": {"A": "希腊医生希波克拉底", "B": "唐代孙思邈", "C": "东汉华佗", "D": "东汉张仲景"}, "answer": "唐代孙思邈", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,60岁。接触性出血半年。妇科检查:外阴阴道未见异常,宫颈肥大糜烂、质脆,子宫及双附件未见异常。2.病理检查报告宫颈鳞状细胞异型性增生,占宫颈上皮全层2/3以上,伴人乳头瘤病毒感染,该患者应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "CINⅠ", "B": "CINⅢ", "C": "宫颈癌", "D": "宫颈糜烂"}, "answer": "CINⅢ", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,24岁。规律宫缩12h,连续观察2h,宫口由6cm开大至9cm,胎头+1,胎心140/min。本例正确处置应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "严密观察产程进展", "B": "肌内注射哌替啶100mg", "C": "静脉滴注缩宫素", "D": "立即行人工破膜"}, "answer": "严密观察产程进展", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "容易见到角化珠的癌可以确定为(  )。", "options": {"A": "分化好的鳞癌", "B": "基底细胞癌", "C": "分化差的鳞癌", "D": "分化差的腺癌"}, "answer": "分化好的鳞癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,68岁,阵发性胸闷3年,持续加重6小时后突发意识丧失。查体:BP 40/20mmHg,双肺呼吸音清。心率32次/min,律齐,各瓣膜区未闻及杂音,血清肌钙蛋白水平增高。1.该患者意识丧失的最可能原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心肌炎", "B": "急性肺栓塞", "C": "主动脉瓣狭窄", "D": "急性心肌梗死"}, "answer": "急性心肌梗死", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女孩,3岁,出生时接种过卡介苗,2岁半时PPD试验硬结直径6mm,最近PPD试验硬结直径为18mm,其最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "假阳性反应", "B": "阴性反应", "C": "新近有结核感染", "D": "卡介苗接种反应"}, "answer": "新近有结核感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩,3岁。剧烈活动后伴气促,青紫不明显,自幼反复呼吸道感染。查体BP 90/40mmHg,胸骨左缘第2助间可闻及粗糙响亮的连续机器样杂音,第4肋间可闻及4/6级粗糙的全收缩期杂音伴震颤,心间区可闻及舒张期隆隆样杂音,P2亢进,闻及股动脉枪击音。胸部X线片示左心房及左、右心室增大,肺动脉段膨隆。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "室间隔缺损+动脉导管未闭", "C": "动脉导管未闭", "D": "法洛四联症"}, "answer": "室间隔缺损+动脉导管未闭", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,60岁。因胃溃疡合并多次大出血,行胃大部切除术。3.如果病人发生残胃癌,时间至少超过术后(  )。", "options": {"A": "1年", "B": "2年", "C": "4年", "D": "5年"}, "answer": "5年", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某女,55岁,由于劳累、过度兴奋而突发心绞痛,请问服用下列哪种药效果好?(  )", "options": {"A": "舌下含服硝酸甘油", "B": "注射盐酸利多卡因", "C": "口服盐酸普鲁卡因胺", "D": "注射苯妥英钠"}, "answer": "舌下含服硝酸甘油", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "已婚妇女,30岁。停经48天,剧烈腹痛2天,阴道不规则流血1天,今晨从阴道排出三角形膜样组织。查体:贫血外貌,下腹部压痛,反跳痛明显。正确的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即行刮宫术", "B": "肌内注射麦角新碱", "C": "行剖腹探查术", "D": "应用止血药"}, "answer": "行剖腹探查术", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.青春期的重要标志是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳房萌发", "B": "出现阴毛、腋毛", "C": "月经初潮", "D": "开始排卵"}, "answer": "月经初潮", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.“双盲法”直接与哪一条人体实验道德原则有冲突?(  )", "options": {"A": "试验者多数赞成", "B": "受试者知情同意", "C": "维护受试者利益", "D": "有利于医学和社会发展"}, "answer": "受试者知情同意", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是5岁小儿按公式计算的身高、体重及头围?(  )", "options": {"A": "116cm,22kg,54cm", "B": "108cm,19kg,51cm", "C": "114cm,21kg,53cm", "D": "105cm,18kg,50cm"}, "answer": "105cm,18kg,50cm", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于房间隔缺损的杂音特点,以下应除外(  )。", "options": {"A": "杂音响度为2/6~3/6级", "B": "杂音为收缩期", "C": "杂音为喷射性", "D": "杂音粗糙伴震颤"}, "answer": "杂音粗糙伴震颤", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对肝硬化门脉高压诊断最有价值的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "超声显示肝脏回声不均匀", "B": "蜘蛛痣", "C": "肝功能异常", "D": "钡餐示食管下端有蚯蚓样充盈缺损"}, "answer": "钡餐示食管下端有蚯蚓样充盈缺损", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.《医疗事故处理条例》规定,对60周岁以上的患者因医疗事故致残的,赔偿其残疾生活补助费的时间不超过(  )。", "options": {"A": "5年", "B": "10年", "C": "15年", "D": "30年"}, "answer": "15年", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.直、结肠家族性多发性腺瘤性息肉属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "早期癌", "B": "良性肿瘤", "C": "恶性肿瘤", "D": "癌前病变"}, "answer": "癌前病变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肝破裂的临床特点中,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "在腹部损伤中罕见", "B": "腹痛和腹膜刺激征较轻", "C": "中央型破裂不易继发肝脓肿", "D": "有时可出现呕血或黑粪"}, "answer": "有时可出现呕血或黑粪", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.血浆蛋白质电泳时,泳动速度最快的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "清蛋白", "B": "α1抗胰蛋白酶", "C": "结合蛋白酶", "D": "α球蛋白酶"}, "answer": "清蛋白", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "抗结核作用最弱的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吡嗪酰胺", "B": "对氨水杨酸", "C": "链霉素", "D": "乙胺丁醇"}, "answer": "对氨水杨酸", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗化脓性关节炎,下列哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "局部制动", "B": "联合应用大剂量抗生素", "C": "关节腔穿刺吸引,灌洗或切开引流", "D": "急性期发生病理性脱位,应切开复位"}, "answer": "急性期发生病理性脱位,应切开复位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,16岁。在田地劳动时,右足被刺伤,其中混杂有异物、泥土,没有处理。随后出现面部肌肉痉挛,怕光怕声。患者致病的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "异物混杂", "B": "年龄小", "C": "没有及时清洗", "D": "伤口环境缺氧"}, "answer": "伤口环境缺氧", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "复合性急性硬脑膜下血肿的意识障碍表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "多有中间好转期", "B": "进行性加重", "C": "昏迷逐渐好转", "D": "意识障碍较轻"}, "answer": "进行性加重", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "产褥病率发生在分娩24小时以后的几日内(  )。", "options": {"A": "7日", "B": "8日", "C": "10日", "D": "11日"}, "answer": "10日", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有关卵巢激素,下述哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "雌激素是由卵泡膜细胞与颗粒细胞协同产生的", "B": "孕激素是雄激素的前身,雄激素亦是雌激素的前身", "C": "孕二醇是孕酮的主要代谢产物", "D": "女性雄激素只来源于卵巢细胞"}, "answer": "女性雄激素只来源于卵巢细胞", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,20岁。因乏力、纳差1个月,尿少、水肿及高血压1周。实验室检查发现贫血、血尿、蛋白尿,补体C3正常,血肌酐和尿素氮均升高。B超双肾增大,临床诊断为急性肾衰竭。4.关于血浆置换疗法的作用,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "清除血循环中的抗原", "B": "清除血循环中的抗体", "C": "清除血循环中多余的水分", "D": "清除血循环中的炎症介质"}, "answer": "清除血循环中多余的水分", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "开始出第一颗恒牙的年龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "5岁左右", "B": "6岁左右", "C": "7岁左右", "D": "8岁左右"}, "answer": "6岁左右", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项条件诊断支气管扩张的可能性最大?(  )", "options": {"A": "慢性咳嗽、咳痰", "B": "残气量增加", "C": "肺部湿啰音", "D": "慢性咳嗽、咳脓痰与体位有关"}, "answer": "慢性咳嗽、咳脓痰与体位有关", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某地山村,不少小儿生后表现为智力低下,对声音无反应,运动障碍,有的皮肤粗糙,身材矮小,四肢粗短。为预防此病,下述措施哪一项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "孕妇多食含碘食物", "B": "给育龄妇女服碘油", "C": "给村民发放碘化食盐", "D": "给孕妇多食含氟食物"}, "answer": "给孕妇多食含氟食物", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,35岁。间断血压增高伴心悸3个月。查体:正力体型,双上肢血压180/110mmHg,双肺呼吸音清,心率78次/分,律齐,腹软,腹部未闻及杂音。血压增高时测血游离肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素和尿儿茶酚胺显著增高。血钾和肌酐正常,尿常规正常。CT示双肾、肾上腺和肾动脉未见异常。该患者需首先考虑诊断的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾动脉狭窄", "B": "嗜铬细胞瘤", "C": "原发性醛固酮增多症", "D": "肾上腺皮质功能减退症"}, "answer": "嗜铬细胞瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一位因甲状腺肿就诊的病人,临床有轻度甲低表现,血浆FT3、FT4,均高,TSH值高,诊断应首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "Graves病", "B": "外周组织对T3、T4抵抗", "C": "TSH的受体或受体后缺陷", "D": "原发性甲低"}, "answer": "外周组织对T3、T4抵抗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "脑血栓形成患者出现运动性失语是病变损害了(  )。", "options": {"A": "优势半球中央前回下部", "B": "优势半球额中回后部", "C": "优势半球额下回后部", "D": "颞上回后部"}, "answer": "优势半球额下回后部", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对严重浸润性突眼的甲亢病人治疗可用(  )。", "options": {"A": "131I治疗", "B": "甲状腺次全切", "C": "抗甲状腺药物+糖皮质激素+甲状腺片", "D": "抗甲状腺药物治疗"}, "answer": "抗甲状腺药物+糖皮质激素+甲状腺片", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肾综合征出血热潜伏期一般为(  )。", "options": {"A": "1周", "B": "3~5天", "C": "1~2周", "D": "1个月"}, "answer": "1~2周", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "Fisher综合征的最主要临床特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "双侧对称性眼外肌和面肌麻痹", "B": "由下肢逐渐向上肢进展的对称性迟缓性瘫痪", "C": "眼外肌麻痹、共济失调、腱反射消失", "D": "四肢弛缓性瘫痪伴眼外肌麻痹"}, "answer": "眼外肌麻痹、共济失调、腱反射消失", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.中度高渗性脱水(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清钠为125mmol/L,失水量为体重的8%", "B": "血清钠为131mmol/L,失水量为体重的5%", "C": "血清钠为119mmol/L失水量为体重的11%", "D": "血清钠为155mmol/L,失水量为体重的6%"}, "answer": "血清钠为155mmol/L,失水量为体重的6%", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对肿瘤的错误描述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癌比肉瘤多见", "B": "癌的淋巴道转移比肉瘤多见", "C": "称为瘤的都属良性", "D": "恶性肿瘤多呈浸润性生长"}, "answer": "称为瘤的都属良性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "病人取得病人身份后所应履行的义务不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "使自己尽快好转的内在动机", "B": "配合医务人员的工作", "C": "积极寻求有效的医疗帮助", "D": "保守个人秘密"}, "answer": "保守个人秘密", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "早期动脉粥样硬化病变,下列哪项是最早进入动脉内膜的细胞?(  )", "options": {"A": "红细胞", "B": "淋巴细胞", "C": "脂肪细胞", "D": "巨噬细胞"}, "answer": "巨噬细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,23岁。腹痛、腹泻、里急后重伴发热半天。查体:T 39.2℃,BP 126/80mmHg,腹软,左下腹压痛(+),反跳痛(-)。实验室检查:血WBC 18×109/L,N 0.87,L 0.13。粪镜检WBC满视野,RBC 20/HP。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性细菌性痢疾", "B": "急性阑尾炎", "C": "急性阿米巴痢疾", "D": "霍乱"}, "answer": "急性细菌性痢疾", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女孩,3岁。生后发现口唇青紫,活动后加剧。平时喜蹲踞,哭吵时有突发呼吸急促、青紫加重,严重时伴晕厥,曾半年内晕厥2次,均于清晨或哭吵后发作,经2~3分钟自行恢复。今晨又出现晕厥,持续5分钟,即来急诊。查体:T 37.0℃,P 100次/分,R 22次/分,BP 82/55mmHg。神志不清,双肺听诊未见异常,胸骨左缘第2~4肋间闻及3/6级收缩期杂音,无震颤,肺动脉第二心音减弱。口唇青紫,指、趾甲青紫,杵状指、趾,颈软,神经系统查体无异常。2.该疾病最典型的心电图改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "预激综合征", "B": "不完全性右束支传导阻滞", "C": "右心室肥厚", "D": "左心室肥厚"}, "answer": "右心室肥厚", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.辅助诊断恙虫病的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "外斐试验", "B": "肥达试验", "C": "Ascolis试验", "D": "抗链O试验"}, "answer": "外斐试验", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肝硬化产生蜘蛛痣的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛细血管内压升高", "B": "雌激素增多或灭活减少", "C": "侧支循环形成", "D": "毛细血管壁通透性增强"}, "answer": "雌激素增多或灭活减少", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "31岁,患者,12月末发病,头痛、发热、恶心、呕吐、腰痛4天,查体:面色潮红,结膜充血,腋下可见点状出血。化验:白细胞15×109/L,中性粒细胞0.72,淋巴细胞0.2,异淋巴细胞0.08,尿蛋白(+++)。已确诊为肾综合征出血热。3.如果分期,此时应为何期更准确?(  )", "options": {"A": "休克期", "B": "发热期", "C": "发热末期", "D": "移行期"}, "answer": "发热末期", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,15岁,反复发作肉眼血尿。感染后加重,无水肿、高血压及肾功能减退,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "泌尿系统肿瘤", "B": "急性肾小球肾炎", "C": "慢性肾小球肾炎", "D": "IgA肾炎"}, "answer": "IgA肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "嘧啶从头合成途径首先合成的核苷酸是(  )。", "options": {"A": "UDP", "B": "TMP", "C": "UMP", "D": "CMP"}, "answer": "UMP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于荣誉的表述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "荣誉是社会对一个人履行社会义务的道德行为给予褒奖和赞许", "B": "荣誉是指个人对自己所履行社会义务的社会价值的自我评价", "C": "荣誉不是目的,是处于从属地位的,对辛勤劳动的一种奖励", "D": "荣誉对医务人员的行为起着自我评价的作用"}, "answer": "荣誉对医务人员的行为起着自我评价的作用", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "体内缺铁初期的最早、最可靠的诊断依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清总铁结合力增高", "B": "血清铁减少", "C": "骨髓贮存铁减少或缺乏", "D": "血清转运铁蛋白饱和度下降"}, "answer": "骨髓贮存铁减少或缺乏", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,男,9岁,发热,关节肿痛,皮肤出现环行红斑,心率快出现奔马律,血沉增快,经治疗上述症状、体征消失后,需预防的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "激素吸入维持", "B": "减少体育运动", "C": "长效青霉素肌注", "D": "避免关节损伤"}, "answer": "长效青霉素肌注", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,31岁。突发剧烈头痛1小时,以下枕部为著,伴喷射状呕吐3次。查体:痛苦面容,全身大汗,脑膜刺激征阳性。可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛛网膜下腔出血", "B": "脑梗死", "C": "脑脓肿", "D": "急性病毒性脑炎"}, "answer": "蛛网膜下腔出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "胃溃疡常好发于(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃底部", "B": "胃大弯", "C": "胃小弯", "D": "十二指肠起始部"}, "answer": "胃小弯", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不能用生理性妊娠解释的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞沉降率加快", "B": "纤溶活性降低", "C": "血容量增加", "D": "下肢水肿卧床休息后不消退"}, "answer": "下肢水肿卧床休息后不消退", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,40岁。痰中带血1个月,乏力、头晕1周。实验室检查:血钠114mmol/L,补钠治疗效果欠佳。胸部X线片检查发现右肺部门状影4cm×4cm。纤维支气管镜检查示右主支气管黏膜粗糙水肿,管腔狭窄,黏膜活检可见肿瘤细胞。2.对该患者首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "放疗", "B": "手术治疗", "C": "靶向药物治疗", "D": "化疗"}, "answer": "手术治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在幼儿园里,一男孩2岁,发热伴咳嗽2~3天,初拟诊为上呼吸道感染,次日体温更高,皮肤可见红色斑丘疹,考虑麻疹,即送回家。2.在该班里,有2个易感儿,消瘦、平素体质较差,过去经常感冒,患过肺炎,未曾注射麻疹疫苗,目前对他们应立即采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "注射青霉素", "B": "注射麻疹疫苗", "C": "注射免疫血清球蛋白", "D": "口服核酪糖浆"}, "answer": "注射免疫血清球蛋白", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项治疗急性格林–巴利综合征较为适宜?(  )", "options": {"A": "吡啶斯的明口服", "B": "大量糖皮质激素", "C": "血浆交换疗法", "D": "氯化钾口服"}, "answer": "血浆交换疗法", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "高血压病脑出血破裂的血管多为(  )。", "options": {"A": "大脑中动脉", "B": "豆纹动脉", "C": "内囊动脉", "D": "大脑前动脉"}, "answer": "豆纹动脉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新生儿期是指从出生断脐至足(  )。", "options": {"A": "7天", "B": "18天", "C": "28天", "D": "40天"}, "answer": "28天", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "正常血浆中含量最多的阳离子和阴离子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Na+和HCO3-", "B": "Na+和SO42-", "C": "Na+和Cl-", "D": "K+和Cl-"}, "answer": "Na+和Cl-", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于骨盆狭窄的诊断,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨盆各径线比正常值小1cm为均小骨盆", "B": "坐骨棘间径9cm为中骨盆狭窄", "C": "耻骨弓<80可能为骨盆出口狭窄", "D": "骨盆出口横径+后矢状径=15cm属于正常范围"}, "answer": "骨盆各径线比正常值小1cm为均小骨盆", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于抗原-抗体复合物的调节作用,下列哪项是错误的(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗原-抗体复合物参与调节免疫应答", "B": "反应初期,以IgM为主,形成的复合物起抑制作用", "C": "反应后期IgG增多,形成的复合物起抑制调节作用", "D": "抗体类别不同,所起的免疫作用不同"}, "answer": "反应初期,以IgM为主,形成的复合物起抑制作用", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,22岁。上呼吸道感染2周后出现尿少、水肿、头晕来诊。BP 140/100mmHg,血红蛋白126g/L,尿蛋白(++),白细胞3~4个/HP,红细胞10~20个/HP,血清白蛋白40g/L,血尿素氨8.5mmol/L,血肌酐176μmol/L。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾盂肾炎", "B": "急进性肾小球肾炎", "C": "急性肾小球肾炎", "D": "肾病综合征"}, "answer": "急性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,48岁。双下肢水肿2个月,既往体健。查体:BP 140/90mmHg,血ALB 27g/L,Scr 92μmol/L,尿蛋(+++),尿潜血(—);肾活检检示:基底膜增厚,嗜银染色有钉突形成。2.应首选的药物治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硫唑嘌呤+环孢素", "B": "糖皮质激素+环磷酰胺", "C": "糖皮质激素+硫唑嘌呤", "D": "环磷酰胺"}, "answer": "糖皮质激素+环磷酰胺", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "维生素A缺乏最早临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "暗适应时间延长", "B": "夜盲症", "C": "毛囊角化皮肤干燥", "D": "毛囊丘疹与毛发脱落"}, "answer": "暗适应时间延长", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不能引起特异性感染的致病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "破伤风杆菌", "B": "结核杆菌", "C": "β-嗜血性链球菌", "D": "真菌"}, "answer": "β-嗜血性链球菌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,55岁,反复不规则胃胀痛3年,胃镜诊断为萎缩性胃窦炎。1.慢性胃炎活动期判定根据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "黏膜糜烂", "B": "黏膜中性粒细胞增多", "C": "黏膜中主要是淋巴细胞和浆细胞", "D": "黏膜增厚"}, "answer": "黏膜中性粒细胞增多", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎中增生的主要细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球周围的成纤维细胞及系膜细胞", "B": "肾球囊壁层上皮细胞及毛细血管内皮细胞", "C": "肾小球毛细血管内皮细胞及系膜细胞", "D": "肾球囊脏层上皮细胞及壁层上皮细胞"}, "answer": "肾小球毛细血管内皮细胞及系膜细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.属于T细胞缺陷病(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性肉芽肿", "B": "DiGeorge综合征", "C": "SCID", "D": "补体缺陷病"}, "answer": "DiGeorge综合征", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,70岁,下楼时不慎摔伤右髋部,查体:右下肢缩短,外旋50°畸形,右髋肿胀不明显,但有叩痛。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右髋关节后脱位", "B": "右髋关节前脱位", "C": "右股骨颈骨折", "D": "右髋关节软组织损伤"}, "answer": "右股骨颈骨折", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "作为乙型肝炎病毒携带者,下列哪项是血清中检出最重要的指标?(  )", "options": {"A": "HBsAg", "B": "HBcAg", "C": "抗HBe", "D": "抗HBs"}, "answer": "HBsAg", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,48岁。尿少、双下肢水肿半年,低热、消瘦2个月,慢性乙肝病史20年。最重要的实验室检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血γ-谷氨酰转肽酶", "B": "血胆红素", "C": "血甲胎蛋白", "D": "血丙氨酸氨基转移酶"}, "answer": "血甲胎蛋白", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,48岁,左中指发僵、疼痛,屈伸中指时有弹响。2.疗效较好的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "理疗", "B": "限制活动和石膏固定", "C": "体疗加内服药物", "D": "醋酸强的松龙局部封闭"}, "answer": "醋酸强的松龙局部封闭", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,45岁。吸烟12年,每天1包,自己知道吸烟的一些危害,但认为不会发生在自己身上,根据行为改变阶段理论。对于该男士目前应采取的干预步骤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "提供信息,提高认知", "B": "提高认识,激动动机", "C": "支持鼓励,加以强化", "D": "继续维持,不断强化"}, "answer": "提供信息,提高认知", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项不属于情绪的功能?(  )", "options": {"A": "动机功能", "B": "掩饰功能", "C": "调节功能", "D": "影响健康"}, "answer": "掩饰功能", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列不属于小儿腹泻易感因素的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化系统发育不成熟", "B": "消化道负担重", "C": "肠道内感染", "D": "胃内酸度低"}, "answer": "肠道内感染", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在流行病学调查中,系统抽样的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "随机选择", "B": "简单抽取", "C": "总体分层", "D": "剔除特别"}, "answer": "总体分层", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为衡量心肌细胞自律性高低的指标?(  )", "options": {"A": "兴奋性", "B": "是否是快慢反应细胞", "C": "4期自动去极速度", "D": "绝对不应期"}, "answer": "4期自动去极速度", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者行乳癌根治术时发现已有转移,手术后2~3周行放疗,其目的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制乳癌及其转移物生长", "B": "防止瘤细胞扩散", "C": "防止局部复发", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "防止局部复发", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列描述不符合急性细菌性心内膜炎的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "瓣膜赘生物体积大、污秽、易脱落", "B": "常伴有败血症", "C": "发生于已有病变的心瓣膜", "D": "可引起乳头肌断裂"}, "answer": "发生于已有病变的心瓣膜", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,20天,面色苍白7天就诊,血常规:Hb 50g/L。该患儿属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "中度贫血", "B": "极重度贫血", "C": "重度贫血", "D": "正常"}, "answer": "极重度贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "8个月男孩,因腹泻住院治疗好转,但突然发热、咳嗽、喘息。T39.1℃,P180次/分,R70~98次/分,鼻翼煽动,口周稍发绀,两肺密集中小湿啰音,肝肋下5~6cm。2.患儿检查结果为PaO244.7mmHg,SaO282.6%。PaCO256mmHg,应诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛细支气管炎合并呼吸衰竭", "B": "支气管肺炎合并心力衰竭", "C": "支气管肺炎合并呼吸衰竭", "D": "支气管肺炎合并心力衰竭和呼吸衰竭"}, "answer": "支气管肺炎合并心力衰竭和呼吸衰竭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,女,6岁,晚饭后突然出现喘憋、大汗、烦躁不安,不能平卧,该患儿在幼年时曾两次患毛细支气管炎。查体:痛苦面容,呼气性呼吸困难,两肺闻及哮鸣音,体温正常。2.下述检查哪项对诊断有帮助?(  )", "options": {"A": "胸部正侧位片", "B": "肺功能检查", "C": "胸部CT检查", "D": "外周血嗜酸粒细胞计数"}, "answer": "外周血嗜酸粒细胞计数", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "当α运动神经元传出冲动增加时,可使(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌梭传入冲动增加", "B": "梭外肌收缩", "C": "梭外肌和梭内肌同时收缩", "D": "γ运动神经元传出冲动增多"}, "answer": "梭外肌收缩", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "HIV感染后CD4+细胞受损伤的方式和表现,下列各项中不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HIV在细胞内复制直接使细胞破裂", "B": "HIV感染骨髓干细胞使CD4+细胞产生减少", "C": "游离的gpl20与未受染的CD4+细胞结合使之成为靶细胞遭受免疫损伤", "D": "CD4+细胞可被巨噬细胞吞噬"}, "answer": "CD4+细胞可被巨噬细胞吞噬", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "反式作用因子是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "DNA的某段序列", "B": "组蛋白及非组蛋白", "C": "具有转录调控作用的核酸分子", "D": "具有转录调控作用的蛋白因子"}, "answer": "具有转录调控作用的蛋白因子", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列引起虎斑心的病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "坏死", "B": "脂肪变性", "C": "水样变性", "D": "玻璃变性"}, "answer": "脂肪变性", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "典型流脑脑膜炎期,脑脊液改变的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞数每毫升常达数千,分类中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞各半", "B": "外观呈黄白色脓样", "C": "蛋白质中度升高", "D": "脑脊液沉淀涂片检菌阳性率比培养高"}, "answer": "脑脊液沉淀涂片检菌阳性率比培养高", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,24岁,因发热2周伴咳嗽、纳差,用青霉素及卡那霉素治疗1周无效于8月20来诊。查T 39.6℃,P 88次/分,面色苍白,清,两肺散在湿性啰音,腹胀,脾侧及。WBC 4.0X109/L,N 76%,M 8%,L 16%。2.为确诊应检测(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸片", "B": "血沉", "C": "血培养", "D": "外斐反应"}, "answer": "血培养", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列急性脑血管病的常见病因的表述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑出血是由于高血压和脑动脉硬化", "B": "脑血栓形成是由于动脉炎", "C": "蛛网膜下腔出血是由于先天性脑动脉瘤", "D": "短暂性脑缺血发作是由于动脉粥样硬化"}, "answer": "脑血栓形成是由于动脉炎", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,30岁。不洁饮食后出现反复大量呕吐,最可能出现的水电解质失调是(  )。", "options": {"A": "等渗性缺水", "B": "高渗性缺水", "C": "稀释性低钠血症", "D": "高钾血症"}, "answer": "等渗性缺水", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "确诊肾综合征出血热,多尿期、低血钾,此时病人补钾哪一项措施是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "静脉推注", "B": "适当静脉滴注", "C": "大量口服", "D": "等比例静脉输液"}, "answer": "静脉推注", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,25岁,心脏手术中,因麻醉药过量,病人出现呼吸、心跳停止,此时除进行人工呼吸及心脏按摩外,应采取哪一项急救措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "静脉滴注去甲肾上腺素", "B": "阿托品心内注射", "C": "肾上腺素心内注射", "D": "异丙肾上腺素静脉注射"}, "answer": "肾上腺素心内注射", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,50岁。因肾病综合征入院做肾活检,病理显示膜性肾病。治疗过程中突然出现双侧肾区疼痛,尿量减少,低热,蛋白尿显著增多伴肉眼血尿,下肢水肿加重,肾功能较前稍有减退。B超示双肾大小较前有所增大。此时最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "伴发肾石症", "B": "伴发泌尿系肿瘤", "C": "肾静脉血栓形成", "D": "泌尿系结核病"}, "answer": "肾静脉血栓形成", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,60岁。排尿困难2个月。B超检查见前列腺增大,血清总PSA24ng/ml。为明确诊断,最可靠的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "经直肠腔内超声", "B": "前列腺CT", "C": "前列腺穿刺活检", "D": "直肠指诊"}, "answer": "前列腺穿刺活检", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.当血液流经肾一次后,血浆中该物质几乎完全被肾清除的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Na+", "B": "葡萄糖", "C": "肌酐", "D": "对氨基马尿酸"}, "answer": "对氨基马尿酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "蚊虫叮咬人体时,随蚊唾液进入人体的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "裂殖子", "B": "裂殖体", "C": "动合子", "D": "子孢子"}, "answer": "子孢子", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "诊断心衰首选的检查(  )。", "options": {"A": "超声心动图", "B": "左心室造影", "C": "运动负荷试验", "D": "心电图"}, "answer": "超声心动图", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肾脏在胎儿期合成较多的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1,25-(OH)2D3", "B": "前列腺素", "C": "促红细胞生成素", "D": "肾素"}, "answer": "促红细胞生成素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿时期中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞出现两次交叉,分别是在生后(  )。", "options": {"A": "4~6天和4~6个月", "B": "4~6天和4~6岁", "C": "4~6个月和4~6岁", "D": "4~6小时和4~6岁"}, "answer": "4~6天和4~6岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于食物中毒的发病特点叙述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人与人之间有传染性", "B": "发病曲线呈缓慢上升趋势", "C": "发病与某种食物有关", "D": "潜伏期较长"}, "answer": "发病与某种食物有关", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪一项不是婴儿期的保健重点?(  )", "options": {"A": "保温", "B": "喂养", "C": "定期体检", "D": "预防接种"}, "answer": "保温", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.符合再生障碍性贫血的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血间接胆红素增高、贫血、网织红细胞正常或减低", "B": "血间接胆红素增高、无贫血、网织红细胞正常", "C": "血间接胆红素正常、贫血、网织红细胞减低", "D": "血间接胆红素正常、贫血、网织红细胞正常"}, "answer": "血间接胆红素正常、贫血、网织红细胞减低", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者女性,25岁,心悸、甲状腺肿大,并伴有轻度呼吸不畅,压迫感,首次妊娠2个月余,诊为原发性甲状腺功能亢进(甲亢),最恰当的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "131I治疗", "B": "抗甲状腺药物治疗", "C": "终止妊娠", "D": "甲状腺大部切除"}, "answer": "甲状腺大部切除", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,30岁,自10月30日起出现发热,头痛,并皮肤、黏膜出血,3天后出现少尿,此时血常规白细胞35×109/L,尿常规示尿蛋白(+++),此时最可能诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿毒症", "B": "肾小球肾炎", "C": "白血病", "D": "肾综合征出血热"}, "answer": "肾综合征出血热", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于急性肾炎实验室检查不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿沉渣镜检均有红细胞增多", "B": "早期尿白细胞可增高,并非感染", "C": "常有轻度贫血", "D": "ASO滴度与肾炎严重程度呈正相关"}, "answer": "ASO滴度与肾炎严重程度呈正相关", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于香豆素类抗凝血药,哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "维生素K能对抗其抗凝血作用", "B": "发挥作用慢,维持时间长", "C": "体内外都有抗凝血作用", "D": "华法林的作用比双香豆素的作用出现得快,维持时间短"}, "answer": "体内外都有抗凝血作用", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.给高热患者用冰帽降温是为了增加(  )。", "options": {"A": "辐射散热", "B": "传导散热", "C": "蒸发散热", "D": "发汗"}, "answer": "传导散热", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,女,孕38周出生,高位产钳助产,生后第二天出现嗜睡,呼吸不规则,前囟紧张,下肢抽动,尖声哭叫,血气检查示:pH7.28,动脉氧分压60mmHg,动脉二氧化碳分压70mmHg,剩余碱-15。1.下列哪项治疗措施为首选?(  )", "options": {"A": "苯巴比妥控制惊厥", "B": "足量碳酸氢钠纠正酸中毒", "C": "稳可信抗感染", "D": "多巴胺改善循环"}, "answer": "苯巴比妥控制惊厥", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于舌下神经的损害错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一侧舌下神经麻痹时伸舌向病侧偏斜", "B": "核性损害可见明显的舌肌萎缩", "C": "核上性损害可见舌肌萎缩和舌肌纤颤", "D": "核上性损害多伴有中枢性面瘫"}, "answer": "核上性损害可见舌肌萎缩和舌肌纤颤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,20岁,因间歇寒战、高热、头痛10天入院。血涂片查见间日疟原虫,确诊为间日疟。1.抗疟疾治疗最常用的方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙胺嘧啶加伯氨喹", "B": "氯喹加伯氨喹", "C": "氯喹加甲氟喹", "D": "奎宁加伯氨喹"}, "answer": "氯喹加伯氨喹", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于老年抑郁症患者的临床表现,下列错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有突出的焦虑烦躁情绪", "B": "无明显的精神运动性迟缓", "C": "可出现抑郁性假性痴呆", "D": "病程较长,容易发展为慢性"}, "answer": "无明显的精神运动性迟缓", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.较快控制网球肘症状的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肱骨外上髁痛点局部封闭", "B": "伸指总肌腱起点剥离松解", "C": "患肢制动", "D": "口服非甾体类抗炎药"}, "answer": "肱骨外上髁痛点局部封闭", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3岁患儿,自幼反复患肺炎,平素食少,体弱。查体:生长发育落后,胸骨左缘第3、4肋间闻及Ⅲ级收缩期反流性杂音,胸片示肺血多,肺动脉段突出,左心室增大。最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "动脉导管未闭", "D": "法洛四联症"}, "answer": "室间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "TNF-α主要由哪种细胞产生(  )。", "options": {"A": "B细胞", "B": "巨噬细胞", "C": "NK细胞", "D": "T细胞"}, "answer": "巨噬细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "流行性乙型脑炎极期的临床表现不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸衰竭", "B": "持续高热", "C": "意识障碍", "D": "肾衰竭"}, "answer": "肾衰竭", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "网状纤维主要见于肿瘤哪里才有意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "肿瘤腺管之间", "B": "肉瘤细胞之间", "C": "癌细胞团之间", "D": "转移癌细胞之间"}, "answer": "肉瘤细胞之间", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪项是免疫性非溶血性发热性输血反应的主要原因和发病机制?(  )", "options": {"A": "输入血液中的白细胞和患者血浆中的白细胞抗体发生免疫反应", "B": "输入血液中污染的热原质导致发热性反应", "C": "输入血液中的血小板和患者血浆中相应抗体发生免疫反应", "D": "输入血液中的红细胞和患者血浆中相应抗体发生免疫反应"}, "answer": "输入血液中的白细胞和患者血浆中的白细胞抗体发生免疫反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "红细胞主要功能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "缓冲温度", "B": "运输激素", "C": "运输O2和CO2", "D": "提供铁"}, "answer": "运输O2和CO2", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肺通气的动力来自(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺的舒缩运动", "B": "肺的弹性回缩", "C": "呼吸肌的舒缩运动", "D": "肺内压和胸内压之差"}, "answer": "呼吸肌的舒缩运动", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "因治疗不当,影响骨折正常愈合过程的因素以下选项不对的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "反复多次的手法复位", "B": "复位不满意,对线差", "C": "固定不确实", "D": "过早的和不恰当的功能锻炼"}, "answer": "复位不满意,对线差", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.检查微量Ag或Ab的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直接凝集", "B": "单向琼脂扩散", "C": "ELISA", "D": "荧光标记"}, "answer": "ELISA", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性风湿热出现心力衰竭时,洋地黄剂量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "洋地黄化量", "B": "洋地黄化量的1/2~1/3", "C": "禁用洋地黄", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "洋地黄化量的1/2~1/3", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,25岁。右膝关节和左足跟肿痛4周,曾有下半夜腰痛病史4年。查体:右膝肿胀压痛,浮髌征阳性,左侧4字征阳性,左侧骶髂关节压痛,左侧足跟肿胀压痛。1.对诊断最有价值的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "类风湿因子", "B": "骶髂关节X线片", "C": "右膝关节X片", "D": "HLA-B27"}, "answer": "右膝关节X片", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于普萘洛尔抗心律失常的机制,哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "降低窦房结的自律性", "B": "降低浦肯野纤维的自律性", "C": "治疗量就延长浦肯野纤维的有效不应期", "D": "延长房室结的有效不应期"}, "answer": "治疗量就延长浦肯野纤维的有效不应期", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "锥体系统指(  )。", "options": {"A": "上运动神经元", "B": "脊髓巨角细胞", "C": "小脑皮质细胞", "D": "下运动神经元"}, "answer": "上运动神经元", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述有关Km值的叙述,哪项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "Km值是酶的特征性常数", "B": "它与酶对底物的亲和力有关", "C": "Km值最大的底物,是酶的最适底物", "D": "同一酶作用于不同底物,则有不同的Km值"}, "answer": "Km值最大的底物,是酶的最适底物", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,70岁。右腹股沟区肿块3年,平卧消失。查体:右耻骨结节外上方有一半球形肿块,未进入阴囊,可用手回纳,压住腹股沟韧带中点上方咳嗽时仍可见肿块突出。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "股疝", "B": "腹股沟斜疝", "C": "腹股沟直疝", "D": "精索鞘膜积液"}, "answer": "腹股沟直疝", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "Na+由细胞外液进入细胞内的通道是(  )。", "options": {"A": "化学门控通道", "B": "电压门控通道", "C": "电压门控通道或化学门控通道", "D": "载体蛋白"}, "answer": "电压门控通道或化学门控通道", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对胃肠激素的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃肠内分泌细胞分散存在于胃肠粘膜层内", "B": "调节消化道分泌和运动", "C": "胃肠内分泌细胞的分泌活动与胃肠腔内食物成分无关", "D": "主要是通过血液循环起作用"}, "answer": "胃肠内分泌细胞的分泌活动与胃肠腔内食物成分无关", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,33岁。2年来反复腹痛、腹泻,初为糊状便。每日排便2~3次,严重时排黏液脓血便伴里急后重。经当地医院抗炎治疗无效。近1个月来腹痛明显,有疼痛——便意——便后缓解的规律。查体:体温39.6℃,腹平软,下腹压痛,肠鸣音亢进。粪检:白细胞0~5个/HP,红细胞2~10个/HP,粪便细菌培养(-),阿米巴(-)。1.为明确诊断,应首选下列哪项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "重复大便细菌培养", "B": "粪便涂片找抗酸菌", "C": "纤维结肠镜检查", "D": "钡剂灌肠检查"}, "answer": "纤维结肠镜检查", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,19岁,学生。近1年来经常脑内反复思考问题,如做数学题时,反复核对答案,明知不对,但又无法控制,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "焦虑症", "B": "癔症", "C": "强迫症", "D": "精神分裂症"}, "answer": "强迫症", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "腹股沟疝检查时,压迫内环的部位在(  )。", "options": {"A": "髂前上棘与耻骨结节连线的中点", "B": "腹股沟韧带中点上方2cm", "C": "耻骨结节外侧2cm", "D": "肿块隆起最明显处"}, "answer": "腹股沟韧带中点上方2cm", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.麻疹病毒属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "副粘病毒科", "B": "小RNA病毒科", "C": "呼肠病毒科", "D": "冠状病毒科"}, "answer": "副粘病毒科", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "格林一巴利征不常有的表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "四肢弛缓性瘫", "B": "双侧周围性面瘫", "C": "肌肉萎缩", "D": "胸4以下传导束性痛温觉障碍"}, "answer": "胸4以下传导束性痛温觉障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "缺铁性贫血实验室检查不符合的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞内游离原卟啉下降", "B": "红细胞中央淡染区扩大", "C": "血清蛋白低于正常", "D": "红细胞内游离原卟啉升高"}, "answer": "红细胞内游离原卟啉下降", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于恶性肿瘤细胞核的变化不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "核浆比值小", "B": "核体积大", "C": "核多型", "D": "核膜增厚"}, "answer": "核浆比值小", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是与Ⅰ型超敏反应发生无关的细胞?(  )", "options": {"A": "嗜酸性粒细胞", "B": "嗜中性粒细胞", "C": "CD4+Th2细胞", "D": "B细胞"}, "answer": "嗜中性粒细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,26岁,半个月前曾因饮酒出现四肢无力约半天恢复。前天午饭后发觉双下肢无力,昨天步行困难双上肢亦无力,今天不能行走。体检:四肢不全瘫,上肢肌力2级,下肢肌力0级,感觉正常,腱反射消失,Babinski征双侧阴性。2.该患者的诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "重症肌无力", "B": "多发性肌炎", "C": "格林-巴利综合征", "D": "周期性瘫痪"}, "answer": "周期性瘫痪", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于肝硬化腹水形成的因素,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性醛固酮增多", "B": "低白蛋白血症", "C": "肝淋巴液生成过多", "D": "抗利尿激素分泌过多"}, "answer": "原发性醛固酮增多", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.肾动脉狭窄者慎用(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡托普利(巯甲丙脯酸,开博通)", "B": "低分子肝素", "C": "甲泼尼龙(甲基强的松龙)", "D": "呋塞米(速尿)"}, "answer": "卡托普利(巯甲丙脯酸,开博通)", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "卡特尔对人格的分型是根据(  )。", "options": {"A": "人的体型", "B": "人的长相", "C": "心理活动的倾向性", "D": "临床实践经验"}, "answer": "心理活动的倾向性", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "胸部X线检查,肺门舞蹈多见于哪一种先天性心脏病?(  )", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "法洛四联症", "C": "动脉导管未闭", "D": "艾森曼格综合征"}, "answer": "房间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医学模式的转变,医患关系应注重哪种水平上的交往?(  )", "options": {"A": "非技术水平", "B": "言语水平", "C": "非言语水平", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "非技术水平", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.颈5~6骨折脱位合并脊髓损伤(  )。", "options": {"A": "四肢全瘫", "B": "上肢屈肘动作存在,伸肘及手的功能丧失,下肢瘫", "C": "下肢痉挛性瘫", "D": "下肢弛缓性瘫"}, "answer": "上肢屈肘动作存在,伸肘及手的功能丧失,下肢瘫", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "青年男性,2天来胸背部疼痛,今晨出现双下肢无力,伴二便障碍,查脐以下各种感觉障碍,双下肢肌力0级,无病理反射。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓出血", "B": "脊髓肿瘤", "C": "急性脊髓炎", "D": "格林—巴利综合征"}, "answer": "急性脊髓炎", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "胆固醇合成的限速酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HMG-CoA裂解酶", "B": "HMG-CoA还原酶", "C": "MVA激酶", "D": "鲨烯还原酶"}, "answer": "HMG-CoA还原酶", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "成年女性患者,咳嗽,喘息10年,心悸三四年。颈静脉怒张,双肺呼吸音粗糙,肝肋缘下2指,下肢浮肿,其最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "矽肺", "B": "急性肾炎", "C": "肺心病致右心衰竭", "D": "二尖瓣狭窄致右心衰竭"}, "answer": "肺心病致右心衰竭", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "营养素的最高摄入量说法正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "平均每日机体合成能量的需要量", "B": "平均每日机体蛋白质的需要量", "C": "平均每日营养素的最高需要量", "D": "平均每日可以摄入某营养素的可耐受最高摄入量"}, "answer": "平均每日可以摄入某营养素的可耐受最高摄入量", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "血栓对机体的影响哪项是有利的?(  )", "options": {"A": "微循环内广泛血栓,造成DIC", "B": "胃、十二指肠溃疡血栓对破裂的血管起阻塞裂口的作用", "C": "血栓脱落,造成阻塞", "D": "静脉血栓,阻塞血管"}, "answer": "胃、十二指肠溃疡血栓对破裂的血管起阻塞裂口的作用", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "8岁女孩,8天前突发左膝关节剧痛、不能活动,畏寒、发热。体检:T39.2℃,P110次/分,左膝关节肿胀明显,膝表面皮温高。发病前左膝轻微外伤史。3.为证实临床诊断,最有价值的检查手段是(  )。", "options": {"A": "MRI", "B": "血沉", "C": "血尿酸定量", "D": "关节穿刺液检查"}, "answer": "关节穿刺液检查", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3个月小儿按公式计算其身高、头围约是(  )。", "options": {"A": "55cm、38cm", "B": "60cm、40cm", "C": "65cm、42cm", "D": "75cm、46cm"}, "answer": "60cm、40cm", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "高血压性脑出血最好发的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑室", "B": "内囊和基底节附近", "C": "丘脑", "D": "脑桥"}, "answer": "内囊和基底节附近", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "双胎妊娠立即引产指征中,下列哪一项是不恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "胎儿畸形", "B": "孕妇有严重并发症", "C": "预产期已到尚未临产者", "D": "一胎死亡,一胎存活"}, "answer": "一胎死亡,一胎存活", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在系统性红斑狼疮的下列临床表现中主要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "育龄女性多发", "B": "皮肤粘膜与关节表现", "C": "肾炎", "D": "贫血"}, "answer": "皮肤粘膜与关节表现", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "王某是位部门主管,工作能力强,可他平时竞争性强、好胜、时间观念强,常常有过分的敌意。1.这种行为特征往往被称为是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B型性格", "B": "A型性格", "C": "D型性格", "D": "E型性格"}, "answer": "A型性格", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "腰椎间盘突出症,出现鞍区麻木及二便功能障碍,乃突出间盘压迫(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓腰膨大部", "B": "脊髓圆锥", "C": "马尾神经", "D": "骶1神经根"}, "answer": "马尾神经", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "产前保健不包括哪一项内容?(  )", "options": {"A": "定期产前检查", "B": "指导孕期营养和用药", "C": "阴道镜检奄", "D": "监护胎儿宫内情况并检查胎盘功能"}, "answer": "阴道镜检奄", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,30岁。服毒自杀,被发现后急送医院。查体:昏迷状态,呼吸急促,皮肤湿冷,双侧瞳孔如针尖大小,使用阿托品治疗后,提示治疗效果不满意的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺部啰音减少", "B": "瞳孔大小无变化", "C": "口干,皮肤干燥", "D": "心率加快"}, "answer": "瞳孔大小无变化", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,40岁,行甲状腺次全切除手术后出现声音嘶哑,喉镜检查显示左侧声带麻痹,分析手术中可能损伤的结构是(  )。", "options": {"A": "舌下神经襻", "B": "喉上神经", "C": "舌咽神经", "D": "左侧喉返神经"}, "answer": "左侧喉返神经", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "HIV与感染细胞膜上CD4分子结合的病毒刺突蛋白是(  )。", "options": {"A": "gpl20", "B": "gp41", "C": "P17", "D": "gpl60"}, "answer": "gpl20", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医疗机构发现法定传染病疫情或者发现其他传染病暴发、流行时,其疫情报告应当遵循的原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "属地管理", "B": "层级管理", "C": "特别管理", "D": "专门管理"}, "answer": "属地管理", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列物质中不是细菌合成代谢产物的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "色素", "B": "热原质", "C": "抗毒素", "D": "抗生素"}, "answer": "抗毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "10月上旬,门诊病人30岁,男性,来自农村,3天前出现高热,全身痛,近2日少尿。查体:可见醉酒貌,猫爪样出血,肾区叩痛。首先考虑的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾炎", "B": "肾综合征出血热", "C": "紫癜", "D": "血液病"}, "answer": "肾综合征出血热", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.上皮性卵巢癌的治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "顺铂+博来霉素+依托泊苷", "B": "顺铂+拓扑替康", "C": "卡铂+紫杉醇", "D": "顺铂+阿霉素"}, "answer": "卡铂+紫杉醇", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "参与I型超敏反应的效应细胞(  )。", "options": {"A": "肥大细胞", "B": "巨噬细胞", "C": "树突状细胞", "D": "NKT细胞"}, "answer": "肥大细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "成分输血的优点不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "容易制备", "B": "疗效好", "C": "纯度高", "D": "便于保存"}, "answer": "容易制备", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.能促进叶酸利用,同时口服可提高疗效的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素B12", "B": "叶酸", "C": "维生素C", "D": "维生素B6"}, "answer": "维生素C", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "最可能加重变异型心绞痛的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗血小板药物", "B": "硝酸酯类药物", "C": "调脂药物", "D": "β受体阻断剂"}, "answer": "β受体阻断剂", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,55岁,高血压20年,不规则服药。某日晨突发头痛,意识不清,30分钟后送到医院。查体:昏迷,血压210/120mmHg,双眼向右侧凝视,左足外旋位。2.最可能的病变部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右侧半球表面", "B": "右侧半球深部", "C": "左侧半球表面", "D": "左侧半球深部"}, "answer": "右侧半球深部", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "机体发生创伤后,营养状况的评估指标中不包括的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血小板测定", "B": "体重", "C": "清蛋白测定", "D": "淋巴细胞测定"}, "answer": "血小板测定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,59岁。进行性记忆力下降6个月,怀疑有人偷自己的东西,认为爱人对自己不忠诚,常与邻居发生争执,有时尾随年轻女性,行为幼稚,任性、家人无法管理而住院治疗,既往无脑血管病史,生命征及神经系统检查正常。2.病史中未提示存在的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人格改变", "B": "嫉妒妄想", "C": "近事遗忘", "D": "强制性思维"}, "answer": "强制性思维", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在霍乱的临床表现中哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "寒战、高热、急性起病", "B": "“米泔水”样吐泻物", "C": "无痛性腹泻", "D": "严重者有痛性肌肉痉挛"}, "answer": "寒战、高热、急性起病", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,55岁。反复咳嗽、咳痰5年,近半年来发作时常伴呼吸困难。体检:双肺散在哮鸣音,肺底部有湿啰音。肺功能测定:一秒钟用力呼气容积/用力肺活量为55%,残气容积/肺总量为35%。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性支气管炎合并肺气肿", "B": "慢性喘息型支气管炎", "C": "慢性单纯型支气管炎", "D": "气胸"}, "answer": "慢性喘息型支气管炎", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.克罗恩病诊断最有意义的检查方法(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部CT", "B": "粪便潜血", "C": "胃镜", "D": "消化道X线钡剂造影"}, "answer": "消化道X线钡剂造影", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有关多轴诊断,下列论述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "采用不同层面或维度来进行诊断的一种诊断方式", "B": "由瑞士精神病学家Essen-Moller于1947年首先提出", "C": "在DSM系统是五轴诊断,但以轴I和Ⅱ为主", "D": "CCMD-3是五轴诊断"}, "answer": "CCMD-3是五轴诊断", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不符合先天性甲状腺功能减低症的有(  )。", "options": {"A": "TSH可升高", "B": "T4降低,T3降低或正常", "C": "骨骼X线片示骨龄提前", "D": "T4降低,TSH升高"}, "answer": "骨骼X线片示骨龄提前", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,30岁,酗酒时间约8年余,日消费北京二锅头酒约500ml。近半年来经常出现恶心、呕吐、食欲不振。肝穿刺显示肝细胞广泛脂肪变性,肝细胞灶状坏死。肝细胞内可见大小不等的红染的半透明小体。这些透明小体的成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "前角蛋白", "B": "免疫球蛋白", "C": "血浆蛋白", "D": "HBsAg"}, "answer": "前角蛋白", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪种毒素是已知毒物中毒性最强者?(  )", "options": {"A": "肉毒毒素", "B": "破伤风痉挛毒素", "C": "白喉外毒素", "D": "金葡萄肠毒素"}, "answer": "肉毒毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "地高辛的t1/2=33小时,按每日给予治疗量,血药浓度何时达到稳态需几天?(  )", "options": {"A": "9天", "B": "6天", "C": "3天", "D": "15天"}, "answer": "6天", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "青霉素G最适于治疗的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤寒、副伤寒", "B": "布氏杆菌病", "C": "溶血性链球菌感染", "D": "细菌性痢疾"}, "answer": "溶血性链球菌感染", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一健康儿童体检结果为:身高115cm,体重20kg。尚未开始换牙,腕部骨化中心数为7个。按照小儿生长发育的一般规律,其最可能的年龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "5岁", "B": "4岁", "C": "6岁", "D": "7岁"}, "answer": "6岁", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "辅酶在酶促反应中的作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "启动载体的作用", "B": "维持酶的空间构象", "C": "参加活性中心的组成", "D": "促进中间复合物形成"}, "answer": "启动载体的作用", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "强心苷对下列哪种心衰无效?(  )", "options": {"A": "高血压引起", "B": "风湿性心脏病瓣膜病引起的", "C": "肺源性心脏病引起的", "D": "缩窄性心包炎引起的"}, "answer": "缩窄性心包炎引起的", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于医患关系的性质,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医患关系是建立在信赖基础上的特殊人际关系", "B": "医患关系是建立在平等基础上的契约关系", "C": "医患关系是同志式的平等关系", "D": "医患关系双方因为医生处于主动一方,患者处于被动一方而成为不平等的人际关系"}, "answer": "医患关系双方因为医生处于主动一方,患者处于被动一方而成为不平等的人际关系", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,48岁,严重骨盆骨折,24小时尿量200 m1,血钾5.9 mmol/L,二氧化碳结合力13mmol/L,血尿素氮27mmol/L,下列治疗不当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血液透析", "B": "11.2%乳酸钠溶液60ml缓慢静脉注射", "C": "10%葡萄糖酸钙溶液20ml缓慢静脉注射", "D": "输同型库存血200ml"}, "answer": "输同型库存血200ml", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于氯丙嗪的应用不当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "药物引起的呕吐", "B": "人工冬眠疗法", "C": "精神分裂症", "D": "晕动病引起的呕吐"}, "answer": "晕动病引起的呕吐", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,32岁。反复活动时气短三年余,加重伴双下肢水肿2周,无发热。查体:BP 100/60mmHg,颈静脉怒张,双肺可闻及湿性啰音,心界明显向两侧扩大,心率120次/分,心尖部可闻及舒张早期奔马律和2/6级收缩期吹风样杂音。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心包炎", "B": "扩张型心肌病", "C": "肥厚型心肌病", "D": "缺血性心肌病"}, "answer": "扩张型心肌病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医学心理学的研究对象为(  )。", "options": {"A": "心理活动的规律的学科", "B": "人类行为的科学发展", "C": "影响健康的有关心理问题和行为", "D": "疾病的预防和治疗的原则"}, "answer": "影响健康的有关心理问题和行为", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,36岁,5天前发热、咽痛,应用抗生素治疗无效,颈部浅表淋巴结肿大,咽部充血。扁桃体Ⅱ°肿大,下肢少许瘀斑。白细胞16.6×109/L,原始细胞0.60,血红蛋白80g/L,血小板34×109/L。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "特发性血小板减少性紫癜", "B": "缺铁性贫血", "C": "再生障碍性贫血", "D": "急性白血病"}, "answer": "急性白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "敌百虫口服中毒不能用下述哪一种溶液洗胃?(  )", "options": {"A": "高锰酸钾溶液", "B": "饮用水", "C": "碳酸氢钠溶液", "D": "醋酸溶液"}, "answer": "碳酸氢钠溶液", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述除哪一项外,均为细菌人工培养的实际应用?(  )", "options": {"A": "细菌的鉴定", "B": "病原学诊断", "C": "进行药物敏感试验", "D": "传染病的治疗"}, "answer": "传染病的治疗", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于DNA双螺旋模型的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "DNA的二级结构", "B": "两条链的碱基以氢键相连", "C": "碱基位于双螺旋的外侧", "D": "磷酸与脱氧核糖组成了双螺旋的骨架"}, "answer": "碱基位于双螺旋的外侧", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是2型糖尿病的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "都有“三多一少”表现", "B": "患者空腹血糖都增高", "C": "空腹尿糖均呈阳性", "D": "少数以酮症酸中毒为首发表现"}, "answer": "少数以酮症酸中毒为首发表现", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "抗原应具有的两个性质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "致病性和免疫原性", "B": "变应原性和免疫原性", "C": "毒性和免疫原性", "D": "免疫原性和抗原性"}, "answer": "免疫原性和抗原性", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有机磷中毒引起的毒蕈碱样症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血压升高", "B": "流涎", "C": "肌束颤动", "D": "休克"}, "answer": "流涎", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "丙基硫氧嘧啶作用特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可反馈性抑制TSH分泌", "B": "抑制外周组织T4转化为T3", "C": "起效快,可迅速控制症状", "D": "有免疫增强作用"}, "answer": "抑制外周组织T4转化为T3", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,2岁,生后半年发现智力落后,尿有霉臭味,8个月开始出现癫痫小发作,诊断为典型苯丙酮尿症,给予低苯丙氨酸饮食,每日允许摄入量应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "5~10mg/kg", "B": "30~50mg/kg", "C": "50~70mg/kg", "D": "70~90mg/kg"}, "answer": "30~50mg/kg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.未成熟型畸胎瘤属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "交界性肿瘤", "B": "早期癌", "C": "良性肿瘤", "D": "恶性肿瘤"}, "answer": "恶性肿瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于精神障碍病因学的说法中正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "性格缺陷是焦虑障碍的主要病因", "B": "精神障碍均主要由心理因素导致", "C": "极其严重的精神刺激是急性应激障碍发病的直接原因", "D": "生活事件是精神分裂症发病的主要因素"}, "answer": "极其严重的精神刺激是急性应激障碍发病的直接原因", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "细菌细胞壁的特有成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多糖", "B": "肽聚糖", "C": "脂蛋白", "D": "脂类"}, "answer": "肽聚糖", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者伸舌偏左,右侧肢体痉挛性偏瘫,右侧Babinski征(+),病变位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "左侧中脑", "B": "左侧内囊", "C": "左侧桥脑", "D": "左侧延髓"}, "answer": "左侧延髓", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.多用于精神分裂症的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "酚噻嗪类药物", "B": "抑制5-HT再摄取的药物", "C": "苯二氮革类药物", "D": "卡马西平"}, "answer": "酚噻嗪类药物", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "9个月男婴,高热、呕吐3日,抽搐2次。查体:嗜睡,前囟膨隆,颈强(+)。腰穿脑脊液的外观混浊,白细胞5000×106/L,蛋白质阳性,糖、氯化物正常。大剂量青霉素治疗5天后,体温恢复正常,复查脑脊液好转。几天后,再度出现高热、呕吐、惊厥,前囟又隆起。应考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "化脓性脑炎", "B": "化脓性脑膜炎合并脑脓肿", "C": "结核性脑膜炎合并脑积水", "D": "化脓性脑膜炎合并硬膜下积液"}, "answer": "化脓性脑膜炎合并硬膜下积液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.后颅凹骨折(  )。", "options": {"A": "鼻流血", "B": "乳突下或咽后壁黏膜下淤血", "C": "脑脊液耳漏", "D": "颞部头皮肿胀淤血"}, "answer": "乳突下或咽后壁黏膜下淤血", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肾综合征出血热治疗原则“三早一就”具体指的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "早治疗,早控制,早期就近治疗", "B": "早发现,早休息,早期就近治疗", "C": "早诊断,早休息,早期就近治疗", "D": "早发现,早诊断,早休息,就近治疗"}, "answer": "早发现,早休息,早期就近治疗", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,20岁,病史10天,发热,贫血,出血,肝、脾轻度肿大,颈部淋巴结肿大,伴关节痛,血红蛋白60g/L,白细胞35×109/L,血小板80×109/L。应首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒感染", "B": "风湿热", "C": "急性白血病", "D": "淋巴病"}, "answer": "急性白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.周围血管征见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "动脉导管未闭合并肺动脉高压", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "动脉导管未闭"}, "answer": "动脉导管未闭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "宫颈癌最常见的组织类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高分化鳞癌", "B": "中分化鳞癌", "C": "低分化鳞癌", "D": "低分化腺癌"}, "answer": "中分化鳞癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "预防手术后感染的最重要的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "提高机体抵抗力", "B": "术后早期离床活动", "C": "避免休克发生", "D": "严格遵守无菌操作的原则"}, "answer": "严格遵守无菌操作的原则", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.小脑病变将出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "跨阈步态", "B": "醉汉步态", "C": "慌张步态", "D": "剪刀样步态"}, "answer": "醉汉步态", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,25岁。肛门剧烈疼痛伴异物感1天,局部有肿物突出。平素便秘,无便血史。查体:T 36.5℃,肛门口见直径2.0cm肿物,稍硬,呈暗紫色,触痛,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肛裂", "B": "血栓性外痔", "C": "直肠息肉", "D": "内痔突出"}, "answer": "血栓性外痔", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "诊断急性纤维蛋白性心包炎最具有特征性的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心前区疼痛", "B": "心包摩擦音", "C": "心尖搏动减弱或消失", "D": "心音遥远"}, "answer": "心包摩擦音", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)(  )。", "options": {"A": "颊部蝶形皮疹及蛋白尿", "B": "腕、掌指、近指关节受累", "C": "膝关节受累", "D": "第一趾剧烈疼痛"}, "answer": "颊部蝶形皮疹及蛋白尿", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "幼儿急疹的好发年龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "3~9个月", "B": "6~18个月", "C": "2~3岁", "D": "3岁以上"}, "answer": "6~18个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,26岁,多血质外观,向心性肥胖,痤疮,下腹及大腿外侧见紫纹,血皮质醇明显升高。为进一步诊断病变部位,最有意义的检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿游离皮质醇测定", "B": "血ACTH测定", "C": "尿17-羟测定", "D": "垂体CT"}, "answer": "血ACTH测定", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "原发性肝癌中最常见的首发临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝脏肿大", "B": "食欲减退", "C": "肝区疼痛", "D": "体重下降"}, "answer": "肝区疼痛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.预激综合征合并快速心房颤动的首选治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维拉帕米", "B": "洋地黄", "C": "利多卡因", "D": "普罗帕酮"}, "answer": "普罗帕酮", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "青年男性,1小时前打篮球时扭伤右脚,疼痛明显。查体:右踝部肿胀明显,压痛,X线检查:右外踝横行骨折线,内踝为外下至内上斜型骨折线,移位均不明显,具体治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "足内翻石膏托固定", "B": "足外翻石膏托固定", "C": "足背伸位石膏托固定", "D": "足掌屈位石膏托固定"}, "answer": "足外翻石膏托固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,25岁。6月下旬来诊,腹泻、呕吐伴轻度腹痛1天。共腹泻6次,开始为黄稀便,继之水样便。呕吐1次,为胃内容物,无发热。粪便检查动力试验(+),碱性蛋白胨水培养有细菌生长。最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "变形杆菌肠炎", "B": "霍乱", "C": "空肠弯曲菌肠炎", "D": "沙门菌食物中毒"}, "answer": "霍乱", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,60岁。近1个月来失眠,入睡困难,感到孤独没有人关心,兴趣少。可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "帕金森病", "B": "失眠症", "C": "抑郁症", "D": "老年性痴呆"}, "answer": "抑郁症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.新斯的明的主要作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直接作用于受体", "B": "影响递质的代谢转化", "C": "影响递质的释放", "D": "影响递质的贮存"}, "answer": "影响递质的代谢转化", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "心房颤动时,预防动脉栓塞最有效的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿司匹林", "B": "华法林", "C": "尿激酶", "D": "纤溶酶"}, "answer": "华法林", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪项是诊断慢性血管内溶血的重要依据?(  )", "options": {"A": "粪胆原增加", "B": "血红蛋白尿", "C": "尿含铁血黄素阳性", "D": "脾肿大"}, "answer": "尿含铁血黄素阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.颈/神经根刺激可能出现的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Kerning征阳性", "B": "Babinski征阳性", "C": "共济失调", "D": "屈颈试验阳性"}, "answer": "屈颈试验阳性", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,23岁,木匠,近1年来,不能专心做工,时常发呆,情绪低落,有时烦躁,认为邻居要加害于他,感到自己的事情还未说出来,别人就已经知道了,因此更认为自己不安全,时常无故哭泣,自言自语“为什么这样对我,我怎么办?”体检及神经系统检查无异常。该病人最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "恐惧症", "B": "心因性反应", "C": "精神分裂症", "D": "焦虑症"}, "answer": "精神分裂症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "确诊子宫内膜结核的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫内膜病理活检", "B": "月经血结核菌培养", "C": "子宫输卵管碘油造影", "D": "盆腔X线片见孤立钙化点"}, "answer": "子宫内膜病理活检", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "慢性乙肝患者,发热4天,体温38℃,伴恶心、呕吐,尿色加深。化验:ALT 800U/L,胆红素定量120μmoL/L,抗HEVIgM(+)。诊断应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性乙型肝炎,急性戊型肝炎", "B": "慢性乙型肝炎,急性丁型肝炎", "C": "慢性乙型肝炎活动", "D": "亚急性重型肝炎"}, "answer": "慢性乙型肝炎,急性戊型肝炎", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在假设检验中为了减小犯第Ⅱ类错误的概率,应(  )。", "options": {"A": "严格做到均衡", "B": "减小犯2型错误的概率", "C": "增加样本量", "D": "更好随机抽样"}, "answer": "增加样本量", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "双胍类降血糖药物的降糖作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制肝糖原的分解", "B": "增加基础胰岛素的分泌量", "C": "延缓肠道碳水化合物的吸收", "D": "激活过氧化物酶增殖体活化因子受体"}, "answer": "抑制肝糖原的分解", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.肠伤寒的肠溃疡特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溃疡呈环形与肠的长轴垂直", "B": "溃疡呈长椭圆形与肠的长轴平行", "C": "溃疡边缘呈堤状隆起", "D": "溃疡表浅呈地图状"}, "answer": "溃疡呈长椭圆形与肠的长轴平行", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "预后最差的乳癌局部表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳头湿疹样表现", "B": "皮肤“橘皮样”改变", "C": "乳房急性炎症性改变", "D": "乳头内陷、偏向一侧"}, "answer": "乳房急性炎症性改变", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,44岁。乏力、低热、腹泻伴体重下降3个月。近1年有吸毒史。查体:颌下及腋下淋巴结肿大。对明确诊断最有价值的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓培养", "B": "血清抗HIV抗体", "C": "粪便培养", "D": "淋巴结活检"}, "answer": "血清抗HIV抗体", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,48岁。反复上腹痛18年,近3个月出现进食后腹胀、恶心、呕吐隔夜宿食,体重减轻10kg。为明确诊断,应首选的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部CT", "B": "立位腹部透视", "C": "胃镜", "D": "MRI"}, "answer": "胃镜", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.有递呈Ag作用(  )。", "options": {"A": "Thl", "B": "Th2", "C": "NK", "D": "Mφ"}, "answer": "Mφ", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,50岁。吸烟20年,近3个月双下肢出现间歇性跛行,伴患肢怕冷、麻木、剌痛,确诊为血栓闭塞性脉管炎。关于该疾病叙述不正确的是哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "患肢发凉、怕冷,对外界寒冷敏感是血栓闭塞性脉管炎常见的早期症状", "B": "患者几乎都为男性,年龄在25~45岁间,病程缓慢", "C": "出现肢体动脉搏动减弱或消失", "D": "发病后戒烟对治疗帮助不大"}, "answer": "发病后戒烟对治疗帮助不大", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于输血的原则,下列哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "输同型血经交叉配血试验主、次侧均不凝集为首选", "B": "紧急情况下O型血可少量缓慢接受其他型血液", "C": "AB型的人可少量缓慢接受其他型血液", "D": "反复输血的病人必须保证Rh血型相合"}, "answer": "紧急情况下O型血可少量缓慢接受其他型血液", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列氨基酸中能转化为儿茶酚胺的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "天冬氨酸", "B": "酪氨酸", "C": "缬氨酸", "D": "甲硫氨酸"}, "answer": "酪氨酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "网膜囊即为(  )。", "options": {"A": "左肝下后间隙", "B": "左肝上后间隙", "C": "右肝下后间隙", "D": "右肝上间隙"}, "answer": "左肝下后间隙", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "23岁未婚少女,因肥胖、多毛及闭经。初步诊断为多囊卵巢综合征。2.对本例进行内分泌激素测定,最可能的改变应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "LH呈持续高水平", "B": "LH/FSH比值<2", "C": "雄激素增多主要是脱氢表雄酮硫酸盐增加", "D": "雌酮低于正常值"}, "answer": "LH呈持续高水平", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "破伤风最早出现强烈收缩的肌肉是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈项肌", "B": "背肌", "C": "咽喉肌", "D": "咀嚼肌"}, "answer": "咀嚼肌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3岁男孩,因高热、咳嗽收住院。诊为粟粒性肺结核。近两日出现头痛、呕吐、惊厥,疑为结核性脑膜炎。为明确诊断,首选的检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "头颅CT", "B": "脑电图", "C": "脑脊液检查", "D": "胸部X线检查"}, "answer": "脑脊液检查", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "当患者发作剧烈胸痛时,下列哪项检查结果正常,可排除急性冠脉综合征的诊断?(  )", "options": {"A": "CK-MB", "B": "肌钙蛋白", "C": "肌红蛋白", "D": "18导联体表心电图"}, "answer": "18导联体表心电图", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "触诊时语音震颤增强最常见于哪种病变?(  )", "options": {"A": "大叶性肺炎", "B": "胸壁皮下气肿", "C": "上腔静脉阻塞综合征", "D": "支气管肺炎"}, "answer": "大叶性肺炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,32岁。左下肢肿胀、发紫、剧痛2小时。1天前用粪便在农田施肥,伤及左足,半夜感胀裂样痛,症状加重,左下肢肿胀,皮肤由紫红变成紫黑色,水肿有水泡。查体:局部失去弹性,皮下有捻发音,伤口处有恶臭的血性浆液渗出。该致病菌产生的酶中,毒性最强的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胶原酶", "B": "卵磷脂酶", "C": "透明质酸酶", "D": "DNA酶"}, "answer": "卵磷脂酶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,60岁。反复咳嗽、咳痰25年,心悸、气促、下肢间歇水肿3年,病情加重伴畏寒发热1周入院。体检:T 38℃,呼吸急促,口唇发绀,双肺叩诊过清音,中下肺闻及湿啰音,心率110次/分,心律齐,无杂音,双下肢重度水肿。5.假设病情仍继续恶化,出现昏睡或昏迷,血气分析示:PaO2 6.7kPa(50mmHg),PaCO2 10.7kPa(80mmHg),此时首先考虑的合并症为(  )。", "options": {"A": "感染中毒性脑病", "B": "肺性脑病", "C": "ARDS", "D": "脑栓塞"}, "answer": "肺性脑病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,32岁,发热、多关节肿痛、双侧胸腔积液、尿蛋白(+)半年,实验室检查发现ANA(+)、抗SSA(+)、抗Sm(+)。首选的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "非甾体抗炎药", "B": "镇痛剂,如扑热息痛(对乙酰氨基酚)", "C": "小剂量糖皮质激素", "D": "糖皮质激素联合免疫抑制剂"}, "answer": "糖皮质激素联合免疫抑制剂", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "BCG疫苗的制造是(  )。", "options": {"A": "形态变异", "B": "毒力变异", "C": "菌落变异", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "毒力变异", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "严重肝功能不全的病人宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "可的松", "B": "泼尼松", "C": "泼尼松龙", "D": "醋酸可的松"}, "answer": "泼尼松龙", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,50岁,半年来双腕、掌指和指间关节对称性肿痛,化验:ESR 35mm/1h末,RF阳性。2.若不能确诊,最有意义的实验室检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HLA-B27", "B": "PPD", "C": "手X线片", "D": "抗链球菌溶血素“O”"}, "answer": "手X线片", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,40岁,既往健康。5天前无明确诱因出现发热、恶心、食欲不振伴尿黄,明显乏力。实验室检查:ALT 740μmol/L,TBil 58μmol/L。该患者诊断应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "淤胆型肝炎", "B": "急性黄疸型肝炎", "C": "急性重型肝炎", "D": "急性无黄疸型肝炎"}, "answer": "急性黄疸型肝炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.产生转化菌(  )。", "options": {"A": "基因载体的选择与构建", "B": "外源基因与载体的拼接", "C": "重组DNA分子导入受体细胞", "D": "表达目的基因编码的蛋白质"}, "answer": "重组DNA分子导入受体细胞", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.5岁以下小儿营养状态不良时上臂围应该是(  )。", "options": {"A": ">15.5cm", "B": "13.5~12.5cm", "C": "<12.5cm", "D": "<10.5cm"}, "answer": "<12.5cm", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对妊娠早期心脏病孕妇能否继续妊娠,最主要", "options": {"A": "心脏病种类", "B": "胎儿大小", "C": "孕妇年龄", "D": "心功能分级"}, "answer": "心功能分级", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.男,14岁,发热、干咳伴全身肌瘫2天,胸部X线片示间质性肺炎,同班级中数人有类似症状。治疗首选的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头孢唑啉", "B": "左氧氟沙星", "C": "庆大霉素", "D": "阿奇霉素"}, "answer": "阿奇霉素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5.中度新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "以兴奋症状为主,3天左右好转", "B": "以抑制症状为主,伴有肌张力降低,原始反射减弱", "C": "负荷量20ml/kg,维持量每天3~5ml/kg", "D": "每次0.25~0.5/kg,每4~6小时1次,连用3~5天"}, "answer": "以抑制症状为主,伴有肌张力降低,原始反射减弱", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "国家对母婴保健工作,根据不同地区情况,实行以下原则(  )。", "options": {"A": "分类管理原则", "B": "分级管理原则", "C": "国家实施监督管理原则", "D": "分级分类指导原则"}, "answer": "分级分类指导原则", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.按5’端→3’端阅读密码子,这称为密码子的(  )。", "options": {"A": "简并性", "B": "方向性", "C": "通用性", "D": "特异性"}, "answer": "方向性", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "目前国内采用的围生期时间范围是(  )。", "options": {"A": "妊娠20周至产后2周", "B": "妊娠28周至产后1周", "C": "妊娠28周至产后2周", "D": "妊娠28周至产后3周"}, "answer": "妊娠28周至产后1周", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "高钾血症常见的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心动过缓", "B": "肠蠕动消失", "C": "四肢肌张力增强", "D": "恶心、呕吐"}, "answer": "心动过缓", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "8岁智力低下的男孩,发作时出现强烈的头眼及肢体固定于某种动作,持续此姿势5~8秒,常摔伤头部,伴颜面青紫、瞳孔散大。该患儿的发作类型属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌阵挛发作", "B": "强直性发作", "C": "复杂部分性发作", "D": "全面性强直-阵挛发作"}, "answer": "强直性发作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "16岁女孩,左小腿上段肿胀疼痛半年,近1个月来肿胀明显,夜间痛明显。查体:左胫骨上端肿胀严重,压痛明显,浅静脉怒张,扪及一6cm×7cm硬性肿块,固定,边界不清。X线片示左胫骨上段呈虫蚀状溶骨性破坏,骨膜反应明显,可见Codman三角。3.最佳治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯化疗", "B": "单纯放疗", "C": "根治性切除术,术前后化疗", "D": "刮除植骨术,术前后化疗"}, "answer": "根治性切除术,术前后化疗", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,20岁。反复发作性咳嗽、喘息10年余,再发加重2小时。查体:意识模糊,口唇发绀,双肺呼吸音明显减低,未闻及干、湿啰音,心率148次/分,可触及奇脉。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支原体肺炎", "B": "支气管哮喘", "C": "支气管内膜结核", "D": "支气管扩张"}, "answer": "支气管哮喘", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.急淋基本诱导化疗方案(  )。", "options": {"A": "VP方案", "B": "输浓缩红细胞", "C": "口服别嘌呤醇", "D": "鞘内注射甲氨蝶呤"}, "answer": "VP方案", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,25岁,平素易患咽炎、扁桃体炎,近来不规则低热3个月,膝、踝关节红肿、热、痛明显,小腿有散在红斑,心肺(-),WBC增多,患慢性迁延性肝炎多年,不应选用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "泼尼松龙", "B": "泼尼松", "C": "阿司匹林", "D": "布洛芬"}, "answer": "泼尼松", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不属于垂体腺癌典型症状或体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "视神经萎缩", "B": "癫痫发作", "C": "停经、泌乳", "D": "肢体肥大"}, "answer": "癫痫发作", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.造成医疗责任事故,情节严重的(  )。", "options": {"A": "吊销其执业证书", "B": "追究刑事责任", "C": "罚款", "D": "承担赔偿责任"}, "answer": "吊销其执业证书", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "组成卵磷脂分子的成分有(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙醇胺", "B": "胆碱", "C": "肌醇", "D": "丝氨酸"}, "answer": "胆碱", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,35岁。停经80天,阴道不规则流血4天,下腹隐痛。呕吐反应剧烈。既往无孕产史。妇科检查:宫底平脐,质软,未触及胎体,未闻及胎心,尿hCG(+)。2.该患者首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄胎", "B": "先兆流产", "C": "绒毛膜癌", "D": "侵蚀性葡萄胎"}, "answer": "葡萄胎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "5岁女孩,因活动后气促2年就诊。体检:体格较瘦小,无发绀,双肺呼吸音清,P2亢进、分裂、胸骨左缘第2、3肋间闻及2/6级收缩期杂音。1.此患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉导管未闭", "B": "房间隔缺损", "C": "室间隔缺损", "D": "主动脉缩窄"}, "answer": "房间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "结核的微生物学诊断方法不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "分离培养鉴定", "B": "血清学试验测抗体", "C": "锡克试验(Schick试验)", "D": "豚鼠试验"}, "answer": "锡克试验(Schick试验)", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哪种试验不属于细菌的生化反应?(  )", "options": {"A": "糖发酵试验", "B": "外斐试验", "C": "靛基质生化试验", "D": "甲基红试验"}, "answer": "外斐试验", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一个Rh溶血病患儿的血型是O、CcDEe,其母为A、ccdee,现需输血治疗。最理想的血源为(  )。", "options": {"A": "O,CcDE", "B": "O,CCDEE", "C": "O,ccdee", "D": "A,CcdEe"}, "answer": "O,ccdee", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "单纯扩散和易化扩散的共同特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消耗能量", "B": "均有蛋白质参与", "C": "顺浓度差和电位差转运", "D": "均是转运大分子物质的方式"}, "answer": "顺浓度差和电位差转运", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,25岁,既往有HBsAg阳性史,10天前无诱因发热,体温逐渐上升,波动于37.5~39℃,近3天体温持续在38.5~39.5℃不降,伴有食欲不振、乏力、腹胀及尿黄。查体:体温39.5℃,脉搏88/min,血压110/70mmHg,神清,表情淡漠,未见皮疹,巩膜轻度黄染,心肺未见异常,腹软,右下腹压痛(+),肝右肋下2cm,脾未触及,肝浊音区不小,移动性浊音(-),双下肢无水肿。化验:白细胞3.5×109/L,中性细胞0.60,淋巴细胞0.40,血HBsAg(+),抗HBs(+)。4.以下哪项为该患者可能发生的严重并发症?(  )", "options": {"A": "急性胆囊炎", "B": "肠出血、肠穿孔", "C": "心肌炎", "D": "肝昏迷(肝性脑病)"}, "answer": "肠出血、肠穿孔", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,18岁。因转移性右下腹痛12小时入院,诊断为“急性阑尾炎”,当晚行阑尾切除术,病理为坏疽性阑尾炎。自术后次晨起,患者表现为腹痛,烦躁不安,未解小便。查体:面色较苍白,皮肤湿冷,心率110次/min,较弱,血压80/60mmHg,腹稍胀,全腹压痛,轻度肌紧张,肠鸣音减弱。3.诊断明确后,应首先采取何种治疗方法(  )。", "options": {"A": "留置导尿管", "B": "输液输血治疗", "C": "持续胃肠减压", "D": "剖腹探查术"}, "answer": "输液输血治疗", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.立克次体(  )。", "options": {"A": "有细胞壁,且含肽聚糖", "B": "有细胞壁,不含肽聚糖、糖苷类和几丁质微原纤维", "C": "原有细胞壁,现在失去细胞壁", "D": "有细胞壁,不含肽聚糖,但含有糖苷类和几丁质微原纤维"}, "answer": "有细胞壁,且含肽聚糖", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,26岁。饱餐后剧烈活动时腹痛2小时,持续性痛阵发性加剧,脐周伴腰背痛,呕吐频繁,吐后症状无缓解。腹肌紧张,脐周有压痛及反跳痛,肠鸣音亢进,有气过水声。2.该病人需要首先静脉输入(  )。", "options": {"A": "血浆", "B": "全血", "C": "等渗糖盐水", "D": "复方氨基酸"}, "answer": "等渗糖盐水", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项不是前列腺增生的手术适应证?(  )", "options": {"A": "双侧肾积水,肾功能不全", "B": "反复肉眼血尿", "C": "合并神经源性膀胱功能障碍", "D": "残余尿量大"}, "answer": "合并神经源性膀胱功能障碍", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,56岁,诉头痛头晕2年余,近半年无诱因猝倒2次。体检:肱二头肌腱反射亢进.颈椎斜位片显示钩椎关节增生。诊断考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "美尼尔征", "B": "体位性眩晕", "C": "脊髓肿瘤", "D": "椎动脉颈椎病"}, "answer": "椎动脉颈椎病", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "病人因其他角色冲击病人角色,从事了不应承担的活动,反映病人(  )。", "options": {"A": "角色行为强化", "B": "角色行为异常", "C": "角色行为减退", "D": "角色行为冲突"}, "answer": "角色行为减退", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1岁男婴,因反复患感染性疾病就诊。血象:RBC 2.6×1012/L,Hb 70g/L。血涂片见RBC大小不等明显,大细胞中心淡染区扩大。应选用下述哪组药物治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "叶酸+维生素B12+维生素C", "B": "维生素B12+维生素C+稀盐酸", "C": "叶酸+维生素C+铁剂", "D": "叶酸+维生素C+稀盐酸"}, "answer": "叶酸+维生素C+铁剂", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "行为疗法对下述哪种强迫症状有效?(  )", "options": {"A": "强迫性穷思竭虑", "B": "强迫性回忆", "C": "强迫性仪式动作", "D": "强迫性计数"}, "answer": "强迫性仪式动作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,61岁。间断上腹疼痛3年,疼痛发作与情绪、饮食有关。查体:上腹部轻压痛。胃镜:胃窦皱襞平坦,黏膜粗糙无光泽,黏膜下血管透见。此病例考虑诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性胃炎", "B": "慢性浅表性胃炎", "C": "胃癌", "D": "慢性萎缩性胃炎"}, "answer": "慢性萎缩性胃炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,46岁,3个月前因胆石症在当地医院行胆总管十二指肠吻合,1天前突然出现右上腹痛、寒战、高热,呕血约1000ml,入院后立即输血,当输血10ml时,突然心前区出现压迫感,腰背部酸痛并出现血红蛋白尿,血压70/50mmHg(9.33/6.67kPa)。3.如果经上述治疗病人血压升到120/75mmHg(16/10kPa),应进一步采取的最佳措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗休克", "B": "利尿", "C": "碱化尿液", "D": "抗休克、碱化尿液、利尿"}, "answer": "利尿", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "根据骨折是否与外界相通,可把骨折分为(  )。", "options": {"A": "外伤性骨折和不稳定性骨折", "B": "压缩性骨折和横行骨折", "C": "稳定性骨折和不稳定性骨折", "D": "开放性骨折和闭合性骨折"}, "answer": "开放性骨折和闭合性骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,38岁。黏液脓血便伴里急后重3年,近1周腹痛加重。体检:体温37.5℃,贫血貌,左下腹部轻压痛。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "克罗恩病", "B": "结肠癌", "C": "溃疡性结肠炎", "D": "前列腺癌"}, "answer": "溃疡性结肠炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "奇脉见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "右心功能不全", "B": "高血压", "C": "大量心包积液", "D": "主动脉瓣关闭不全"}, "answer": "大量心包积液", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "血浆胶体渗透压主要来源于(  )。", "options": {"A": "α1-球蛋白", "B": "α2-球蛋白", "C": "清(白)蛋白", "D": "γ-球蛋白"}, "answer": "清(白)蛋白", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "病毒引起细胞病变的机制中,与免疫损伤有关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒衣壳蛋白对细胞的毒性", "B": "病毒出芽造成细胞膜损伤", "C": "病毒改变细胞膜抗原引起细胞损伤", "D": "病毒包涵体对细胞的损伤"}, "answer": "病毒改变细胞膜抗原引起细胞损伤", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "用一种筛检乳腺癌的试验,对400例患有乳腺癌的妇女和400名正常妇女进行筛检,结果前者中80例阳性,后者中40例阳性。3.该试验的阳性似然比为(  )。", "options": {"A": "0.5", "B": "4", "C": "10", "D": "2"}, "answer": "2", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,25岁。主诉心前区疼痛2小时,向左肩放射,吸气时疼痛加重,坐位时减轻,伴有畏寒、发热,体检:血压105/75mmHg,体温38℃,心率110次/分,规则,心脏无杂音,两肺未见异常,有血吸虫病史。心电图示除aVR与V1外各导联ST段抬高。1.其最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺梗死", "B": "急性心包炎", "C": "心肌梗死伴继发性心包炎", "D": "心肌炎"}, "answer": "急性心包炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,40岁,反复手关节痛1年,曾诊断为类风湿关节炎,间断使用理疗和非甾体抗炎药,症状有缓解。近月来低热,关节痛加重,肘后出现多个皮下结节,检查ESR40mm/h,心脏彩超发现小量心包积液,考虑为类风湿关节炎活动。1.下列哪项为对疾病活动诊断最有意义的检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "C反应蛋白", "B": "心包积液病理", "C": "类风湿因子滴度", "D": "补体"}, "answer": "C反应蛋白", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某单位在职工体检中发现员工高血压和超重的检出率较高。医务人员为该单位制定的健康教育与健康促进干预活动主要包括调整食堂的膳食结构、制定工间操制度和组织文体活动等。这些干预活动主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "社会因素", "B": "强化因素", "C": "人群因素", "D": "促成因素"}, "answer": "促成因素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "易引起免疫耐受性的抗原注射途径为(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉>腹腔>皮下/肌肉", "B": "腹腔>静脉>皮下/肌肉", "C": "腹腔>皮下/肌肉>静脉", "D": "皮下/肌肉>腹腔>静脉"}, "answer": "静脉>腹腔>皮下/肌肉", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "破伤风的潜伏期平均为(  )。", "options": {"A": "24小时", "B": "2~5天", "C": "6~10天", "D": "1~2个月"}, "answer": "6~10天", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,20岁。干咳3个月伴不规则发热,体温波动在37.8~38.5℃,无咯血及关节、肌肉痛,先后多次静脉注射头孢菌素仍未见效,现停经40天。查体:消瘦。双侧颈部可触及成串小淋巴结,活动,无压痛,右上肺可闻及少量湿啰音。胸片示:右上肺大片密度不均阴影,有小空洞形成。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "过敏性肺炎", "B": "支原体肺炎", "C": "细菌性肺炎", "D": "干酪性肺炎"}, "answer": "干酪性肺炎", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.阴囊包块,透光试验阴性,平卧后消失,多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "睾丸鞘膜积液", "B": "交通性鞘膜积液", "C": "腹股沟斜疝", "D": "睾丸肿瘤"}, "answer": "腹股沟斜疝", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1岁以内小儿的基础代谢量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "30kcal/kg·d", "B": "25kcal/kg·d", "C": "40kcal/kg·d", "D": "55kcal/kg·d"}, "answer": "55kcal/kg·d", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "从人格特质的角度对人格进行划分的心理学家是(  )。", "options": {"A": "弗洛伊德", "B": "卡特尔", "C": "马斯洛", "D": "巴甫洛夫"}, "answer": "卡特尔", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "CO2在血液中运输的主要形式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "物理溶解", "B": "形成碳酸氢盐", "C": "形成氨基甲酸血红蛋白", "D": "与血浆白蛋白结合"}, "answer": "形成碳酸氢盐", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "足月儿出生7天后出现黄疸,下述哪一项诊断是不可能的?(  )", "options": {"A": "ABO溶血病", "B": "败血症", "C": "胆道闭锁", "D": "母乳性黄疸"}, "answer": "ABO溶血病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.佝偻病(  )。", "options": {"A": "囟门迟闭,出牙延迟,但智力发育正常", "B": "骨龄落后,具有特殊面容,黏液水肿", "C": "智力体格发育迟缓,具有特殊面容和皮纹特点", "D": "智力落后,皮肤毛发色素减少,尿有鼠尿臭味"}, "answer": "囟门迟闭,出牙延迟,但智力发育正常", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.乙型溶血性链球菌的致病物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内、外毒素", "B": "致热外毒素(红疹毒素)", "C": "肠毒素", "D": "表皮溶解毒素"}, "answer": "致热外毒素(红疹毒素)", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医疗机构在从事医疗卫生技术工作中对非卫生技术人员(  )。", "options": {"A": "尽量不用", "B": "可以使用", "C": "不得使用", "D": "一些特殊科室可以使用"}, "answer": "不得使用", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,55岁。巩膜皮肤黄染进行性加重2个月余,胆囊肿大呈圆形,可推动,无触压痛,首先考虑的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆囊癌", "B": "急性胆囊炎", "C": "急性病毒性肝炎", "D": "胰头癌"}, "answer": "胰头癌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,33岁。有心脏病病史5年。最近感到心悸,听诊发现心率110次/分,心律绝对不齐,第一心音强弱不等,心尖部有舒张期隆隆样杂音。1.听诊的发现最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "窦性心律不齐", "B": "心房颤动", "C": "心房扑动", "D": "房性期前收缩"}, "answer": "心房颤动", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于小儿脑和脊髓的发育,以下不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿脑重平均370g,达成人脑重的25%", "B": "1岁时脑重达900g,为成人脑重的60%", "C": "3岁时神经细胞分化已基本完成", "D": "5岁完成神经纤维髓鞘化"}, "answer": "5岁完成神经纤维髓鞘化", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.主要用于耐药金葡菌感染的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "头孢唑啉", "B": "头孢呋辛", "C": "头孢他定", "D": "头孢噻肟"}, "answer": "头孢唑啉", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,70岁。进行性排尿困难10年,夜尿3~4次。从未药物治疗。直肠指检:前列腺体积增大,中央沟消失,表面尚光滑,质地中等。B超:双肾无积水,输尿管未见扩张。最大尿流速率10ml/s。2.首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "根治性前列腺切除术", "B": "口服多沙唑嗪+非那雄胺", "C": "经尿道前列腺切除术(TURP)", "D": "膀胱切开取石"}, "answer": "口服多沙唑嗪+非那雄胺", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.第二反抗期出现于(  )。", "options": {"A": "青少年期", "B": "儿童期", "C": "中年期", "D": "幼儿期"}, "answer": "青少年期", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "夏季,1岁男孩,发热、呕吐、腹泻3天,体温38℃,每日腹泻10多次,稀便,少量黏液,1天来尿少,6个小时无尿。查体:眼窝、前囟深陷,皮肤干燥,弹性极差,肢端凉。大便镜检偶见白细胞,血钠130mmol/L。最有可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "婴儿腹泻,轻度等渗性脱水", "B": "婴儿腹泻,中度低渗性脱水", "C": "婴儿腹泻,重度低渗性脱水", "D": "婴儿腹泻,重度等渗性脱水"}, "answer": "婴儿腹泻,重度低渗性脱水", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有一名颅底骨折病人,哪一项是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑脊液耳漏,需尽早修补硬膜漏口", "B": "伤后视力减退,超过一个月可手术减压", "C": "颅底骨折需手术治疗,以便神经减压", "D": "着重观察有无脑损伤,并处理脑脊液漏,神经损伤等"}, "answer": "着重观察有无脑损伤,并处理脑脊液漏,神经损伤等", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "导致阑尾穿孔最主要的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阑尾腔阻塞", "B": "细菌毒力", "C": "阑尾壁受粪石压迫缺血", "D": "营养不良"}, "answer": "阑尾腔阻塞", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "洋地黄中毒时心脏毒性最常见的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心律失常", "B": "胸痛", "C": "黄视或绿视", "D": "咳粉红色泡沫痰"}, "answer": "心律失常", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.右心房或胸腔大静脉内的血压为(  )。", "options": {"A": "收缩压", "B": "舒张压", "C": "脉压", "D": "中心静脉压"}, "answer": "中心静脉压", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.感染后脓液是淡绿色,有特殊的甜腥臭(  )。", "options": {"A": "大肠埃希菌", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "C": "溶血性链球菌", "D": "铜绿假单胞菌"}, "answer": "铜绿假单胞菌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3岁男孩,发现水肿1月,尿常规:蛋白(+++)红细胞2~4个/高倍视野。血浆蛋白25g/L,胆固醇9.6mmol/L。1.可诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾小球肾炎", "B": "营养不良性水肿", "C": "单纯性肾病", "D": "肾炎性肾病"}, "answer": "单纯性肾病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "8个月男孩,持续高热,频咳,精神萎靡6天,近2天喘憋加重,今抽搐4次,全身性发作,嗜睡。体检:T 40℃,呼吸60次/分,心率160次/分,两肺少量中细湿啰音,左背下闻管状呼吸音,血白细胞计数4.0×109/L,腰椎穿刺颅压较高,脑脊液常规正常。2.惊厥的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高热惊厥", "B": "败血症", "C": "中毒性脑病", "D": "癫痫"}, "answer": "中毒性脑病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,33岁,昨晚吃街边烧烤后今晨3时突然畏寒、高热、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻,腹泻共4次,开始为稀水样便,继之便中带有粘液和脓血。在未做实验室检查的情况下,该患者可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性轻型细菌性痢疾", "B": "急性普通型细菌性痢疾", "C": "中毒型细菌性痢疾", "D": "慢性迁延型细菌性痢疾急性发作"}, "answer": "急性普通型细菌性痢疾", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项为在心理应激中起关键作用的因素?(  )", "options": {"A": "认知评价", "B": "应对方式", "C": "事件发生的可预测性", "D": "事件发生的可控制性"}, "answer": "认知评价", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,28岁,妊娠38周。B超示胎儿脐带绕颈2周。拟行剖宫产术。4年前曾因外伤住院,接受输血后出现严重过敏反应。孕妇一般状况良好,心、肝、肾功能正常。化验Hb 100g/L。术前拟申请备血400ml,应选择的血液成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "冷沉淀", "B": "洗涤红细胞", "C": "悬浮红细胞", "D": "浓缩血小板"}, "answer": "洗涤红细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者李某,患有较大的卵巢囊肿准备择期手术,患者要求术前自身贮血和术野自身血回输。2.经治医师的职责是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血液的贮存", "B": "血液的采集", "C": "术野自身血回输", "D": "输血过程的医疗监护"}, "answer": "输血过程的医疗监护", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "阿片类物质戒断综合征出现的时间一般为停药后(  )。", "options": {"A": "6~12小时", "B": "1~3天", "C": "3~5天", "D": "7天"}, "answer": "6~12小时", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性肾小球肾炎常与以下哪种致病菌感染有关?(  )", "options": {"A": "A组β溶血性链球菌", "B": "葡萄球菌", "C": "草绿色链球菌", "D": "B组β溶血性链球菌"}, "answer": "A组β溶血性链球菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "最常见女性生殖器官的结核是(  )。", "options": {"A": "输卵管结核", "B": "子宫内膜结核", "C": "卵巢结核", "D": "盆腔腹膜结核"}, "answer": "输卵管结核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项为思维的重要特征?(  )", "options": {"A": "抽象性和创造性", "B": "上升性和决策性", "C": "分析性和综合性", "D": "间接性和概括性"}, "answer": "间接性和概括性", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "最常见的早期输血并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热反应", "B": "细菌污染反应", "C": "出血倾向", "D": "酸中毒"}, "answer": "发热反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "绒毛膜癌最常见的转移部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阴道", "B": "肝", "C": "肺", "D": "脑"}, "answer": "肺", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,突发寒战,体温39℃左右,腹泻十余次,伴里急后重,便为稀便,很快转化为脓血便,便常规红细胞5/HP,白细胞10/HP,脓细胞(++)。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌性痢疾", "B": "伤寒", "C": "肠炎", "D": "食物中毒"}, "answer": "细菌性痢疾", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,15岁。反复呕血、黑便,皮肤瘀斑1周,肝脾不大,血红蛋白60g/L,WBC 6×109/L,血小板10×109/L,骨髓增生活跃,巨核细胞数增多,幼巨核细胞比例增多。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "再生障碍性贫血", "B": "急性白血病", "C": "血友病甲", "D": "特发性血小板减少性紫癜"}, "answer": "特发性血小板减少性紫癜", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "左向右分流型先天性心脏病最常见的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌性心内膜炎", "B": "脑脓肿", "C": "肺炎", "D": "心力衰竭"}, "answer": "肺炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在我国,急性胰腺炎最常见的诱发因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "暴饮暴食", "B": "胃肠炎", "C": "胆道结石病", "D": "胃溃疡"}, "answer": "暴饮暴食", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "异常物体沿血流运行,阻塞相应血管为(  )。", "options": {"A": "梗死", "B": "栓塞", "C": "栓子", "D": "血栓形成"}, "answer": "栓塞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "用于分析比较动脉血压值不相同的个体之间心脏泵功能的常用指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心指数", "B": "每分输出量", "C": "射血分数", "D": "心脏做功"}, "answer": "心脏做功", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "预防甲状腺功能减退症黏液性水肿昏迷的关键是(  )。", "options": {"A": "坚持甲状腺素替代治疗", "B": "水摄入量不宜过多", "C": "禁用镇静、安眠药", "D": "避免过度劳累"}, "answer": "坚持甲状腺素替代治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.精氨酸可分解产生(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿囊素", "B": "尿囊酸", "C": "尿素", "D": "β—氨基异丁酸"}, "answer": "尿素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.遗传性球形红细胞增多症主要溶血部位为(  )。", "options": {"A": "血管内溶血", "B": "血管外溶血", "C": "血管内、外溶血", "D": "脾功能亢进"}, "answer": "血管外溶血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,31岁。咳嗽、咳脓痰、间断咯血10年。近5天来受凉后咳痰加剧伴咯血。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大叶性肺炎", "B": "支气管扩张", "C": "肺脓肿", "D": "慢性支气管炎"}, "answer": "支气管扩张", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "几乎所有SLE病人免疫病理检查均可出现病变的脏器是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾", "B": "心脏", "C": "肝", "D": "胰腺"}, "answer": "肾", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对患有不治之症且濒临死亡而又极度痛苦的病人,停止采用人工干预方式抢救而缩短病人痛苦的死亡过程称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "医生助死", "B": "积极安乐死", "C": "消极安乐死", "D": "自愿安乐死"}, "answer": "消极安乐死", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列不是血气胸开胸手术处理指征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大的开放性胸壁伤的闭合修补", "B": "胸腔活动性出血,血压下降", "C": "张力性气胸与支气管断裂;引流瓶中持续大量溢气,肺仍不复张者", "D": "胸腔闭式引流后呼吸系统症状缓解,血压稳定者"}, "answer": "胸腔闭式引流后呼吸系统症状缓解,血压稳定者", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.急非淋化疗方案(  )。", "options": {"A": "VP方案", "B": "HAP方案", "C": "输浓缩红细胞", "D": "鞘内注射甲氨蝶呤"}, "answer": "HAP方案", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "细胞浆嗜酸性坏死最常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺梗死", "B": "病毒性肝炎", "C": "脾梗死", "D": "肾梗死"}, "answer": "病毒性肝炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "羊水栓塞时,下列哪项是病理诊断的主要依据?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺小动脉和毛细血管内有羊水成分", "B": "肺水肿和出血", "C": "微血管内透明血栓", "D": "肺透明膜形成"}, "answer": "肺小动脉和毛细血管内有羊水成分", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,68岁,阵发性胸闷3年,持续加重6小时后突发意识丧失。查体:BP 40/20mmHg,双肺呼吸音清。心率32次/分,律齐,各瓣膜区未闻及杂音。血清肌钙蛋白水平增高。3.入院后经抢救,患者病情平稳,但第3天突发喘憋,不能平卧。查体:心尖部可闻及3/6级收缩期杂音,双肺满布湿啰音。该患者最可能合并(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏乳头肌断裂", "B": "急性心包炎", "C": "二尖瓣狭窄", "D": "主动脉瓣狭窄"}, "answer": "心脏乳头肌断裂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "典型麻疹皮疹的特点为(  )。", "options": {"A": "红色粟粒疹,疹间皮肤充血", "B": "红色斑丘疹,疹退后遗有色素沉着、脱屑", "C": "红色出血性斑丘疹,疹退后无色素沉着", "D": "红色斑疹或斑丘疹,皮疹周围可见晕圈"}, "answer": "红色斑丘疹,疹退后遗有色素沉着、脱屑", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.皮肤(  )。", "options": {"A": "2%来苏水", "B": "75%乙醇", "C": "2%戊二醛溶液", "D": "0.2~0.5ppm氯"}, "answer": "75%乙醇", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿急性上呼吸道感染,最常见的病原是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌", "B": "病毒", "C": "衣原体", "D": "真菌"}, "answer": "病毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.促进K+从细胞外流向细胞内的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "泼尼松龙", "B": "泼尼松", "C": "胰岛素", "D": "甲苯磺丁脲"}, "answer": "胰岛素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于胸腰椎Chance骨折叙述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "为椎体水平状撕裂性损伤", "B": "是一种稳定性脊柱骨折", "C": "临床上比较少见", "D": "短阶段螺钉治疗可重建脊柱的稳定性"}, "answer": "是一种稳定性脊柱骨折", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.抑制T淋巴细胞,解除骨髓抑制(  )。", "options": {"A": "雄激素", "B": "糖皮质激素", "C": "环孢素A", "D": "脾切除"}, "answer": "环孢素A", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是CD4+Th细胞活化的第一信号?(  )", "options": {"A": "CD4+Th与APC间黏附分子的作用", "B": "TCR识别肽Ag-MHCⅡ类分子复合物", "C": "表达IL-12,IL-2,IL-4的受体", "D": "IL-12作用"}, "answer": "TCR识别肽Ag-MHCⅡ类分子复合物", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "骨与关节结核的主要感染途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血源播散", "B": "邻近结核组织蔓延", "C": "皮肤接触感染", "D": "经呼吸道传播"}, "answer": "血源播散", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "精神分裂症患者,因自行停药疾病复发而第二次住院治疗。以往用的抗精神病药物氟哌啶醇有较严重的锥体外系反应,为了减少这类副作用,这次住院应首选下列哪个药物为好(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯氮平", "B": "维思通", "C": "奋乃静", "D": "舒必利"}, "answer": "维思通", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,8岁。肾病综合征初治,体重25kg,泼尼松每次25mg,每天2次,治疗2周后,水肿消失,4周时尿蛋白转阴。此时判断该患儿疗效为(  )。", "options": {"A": "激素部分敏感", "B": "激素不耐受", "C": "激素敏感", "D": "激素耐药"}, "answer": "激素敏感", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "《献血法》规定,献血者两次献血的时间间隔不得少于(  )。", "options": {"A": "一个月", "B": "二个月", "C": "四个月", "D": "六个月"}, "answer": "六个月", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,8个月,腹泻4天,水样便,1日10余次。12小时无尿,呼吸深大,前囟眼窝明显凹陷,四肢凉。血钠127mmol/L,血钾4mmol/L,血钙2.25mmol/L,二氧化碳合力11.2mmol/L。2.首批应输入下列哪一种混合液?(  )", "options": {"A": "1:1含钠液", "B": "2:3:1含钠液", "C": "2:1含钠液", "D": "4:3:2含钠液"}, "answer": "2:1含钠液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,40岁,发热伴鼻出血1周。检查牙龈肿胀,肝脾轻度肿大;血红蛋白40g/L,白细胞6.0×109/L,血小板15×109/L,骨髓象原始细胞占60%,过氧化酶染色阳性,非特异性酯酶阳性,阳性反应可被氟化钠抑制,应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性粒细胞性白血病", "B": "急性淋巴细胞性白血病", "C": "急性红白血病", "D": "急性单核细胞性白血病"}, "answer": "急性单核细胞性白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "破伤风病人典型的症状是肌紧张性收缩的基础上,发生阵发性肌肉强烈痉挛,通常最先受影响的肌群是(  )。", "options": {"A": "面部表情肌", "B": "咀嚼肌", "C": "胸部肌群", "D": "四肢肌"}, "answer": "咀嚼肌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "骨瘤(  )。", "options": {"A": "是一种良性肿瘤", "B": "好发于头面骨及颌骨", "C": "组织学上主要由成熟的骨质组成", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "80岁老人,左环指末节离断伤并环指掌侧面有纵行长约6cm的皮肤裂伤,考虑治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "指骨短缩,掌侧面皮肤裂伤直接缝合", "B": "环指残端做邻指皮瓣掌侧面皮肤缝合", "C": "环指残端做中厚植皮,掌侧面皮肤直接缝合", "D": "短缩指骨缝合伤口,掌侧面伤口做“Z”字成形缝合"}, "answer": "短缩指骨缝合伤口,掌侧面伤口做“Z”字成形缝合", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,男,1岁,因反复患感染性疾病就诊。血象:RBC2.6×1012/L,Hb70g/L。血涂片见RBC大小不等明显,大细胞中心淡染区扩大。治疗应选(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素B12+维生素C+稀盐酸", "B": "铁剂+维生素C稀盐酸", "C": "叶酸+维生素C+铁剂", "D": "叶酸+维生素C+稀盐酸"}, "answer": "叶酸+维生素C+铁剂", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "6个月婴儿,发热1天,体温38℃,伴咳嗽,喘弊明显。查体:呼吸急促,有呼气性呼吸困难,鼻扇,三凹征阳性,双肺满布喘鸣音,偶闻中小水泡音。胸部X线片:肺纹理增多,双肺可见小点片状影,肺气肿明显。可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "衣原体肺炎", "B": "腺病毒肺炎", "C": "合胞病毒肺炎", "D": "支原体肺炎"}, "answer": "合胞病毒肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "采用高选择性迷走神经切断术治疗十二指肠溃疡,主要依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "能够减少胃酸分泌", "B": "患者年龄大于70岁", "C": "能防治幽门螺杆菌感染", "D": "溃疡病灶小"}, "answer": "能够减少胃酸分泌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某电视台编辑求助于一家心理治疗中心,希望在该电视台上播放韦氏智力测验的具体内容,以引起公众对心理学的兴趣,但被心理中心的工作人员婉言谢绝。该工作人员遵循的原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "保密原则", "B": "稳定性原则", "C": "标准化原则", "D": "客观原则"}, "answer": "保密原则", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "6个月婴儿,发热1天,体温38.0℃,伴咳嗽,喘憋明显。体检:呼吸急促,有呼气性呼吸困难,鼻翼扇动,三凹征阳性,双肺满布哮鸣音,偶闻中小水泡音。胸部X线片:肺纹理增多,双肺可见小点片状阴影,肺气肿明显。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "衣原体肺炎", "B": "金葡菌肺炎", "C": "腺病毒性肺炎", "D": "呼吸道合胞病毒性肺炎"}, "answer": "呼吸道合胞病毒性肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "乙型肝炎后肝硬化的主要并发症不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肠系膜上静脉血栓形成", "B": "门静脉高压症", "C": "肝癌", "D": "急性肝静脉血栓形成"}, "answer": "急性肝静脉血栓形成", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "宫颈癌最常见的病理类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "黏液腺癌", "B": "腺癌", "C": "鳞腺癌", "D": "鳞状细胞癌"}, "answer": "鳞状细胞癌", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "先天性巨结肠最常见的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠梗阻", "B": "败血症", "C": "小肠结肠炎", "D": "肠穿孔"}, "answer": "小肠结肠炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "贫血伴轻度黄疸,最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脾功能亢进", "B": "再生障碍性贫血", "C": "溶血性贫血", "D": "急性白血病"}, "answer": "溶血性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肝硬化最常见的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上消化道出血", "B": "肝肾综合征", "C": "肝性脑病", "D": "原发性肝癌"}, "answer": "上消化道出血", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "孕妇于某经产前检查,诊断出胎儿有严重缺陷。2.做出该产前诊断后,医师应当向夫妻双方说明情况并提出下列医学意见(  )。", "options": {"A": "终止妊娠", "B": "采取长效避孕措施不生育", "C": "采取各种有效措施保证母子健康", "D": "施行结扎手术不生育"}, "answer": "终止妊娠", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,49岁。寒战、高热伴肝区疼痛半个月。既往体健。查体:T 38.5℃,P 110次/分,BP 110/70mmHg。皮肤无黄染,肝肋下可触及,肝区叩击痛阳性。血常规:WBC 16×109/L,N 0.89。B超示肝左叶10cm×7cm液性暗区。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝血管瘤", "B": "肝癌", "C": "细菌性肝脓肿", "D": "肝包虫病"}, "answer": "细菌性肝脓肿", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列有利于创伤修复和伤口愈合的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌感染", "B": "血流循环障碍", "C": "局部制动", "D": "服用皮质激素类药物"}, "answer": "局部制动", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,50岁。因急性心肌梗死收入院。住院第2天心尖部出现2/6~3/6级粗糙的收缩期杂音,间断伴喀喇音,经抗缺血治疗后心脏杂音消失。该患者最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏乳头肌功能失调", "B": "心室膨胀瘤", "C": "心脏游离壁破裂", "D": "心脏二尖瓣穿孔"}, "answer": "心脏乳头肌功能失调", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "慢性活动性肝炎时,肝细胞浆出现毛玻璃样改变的原因(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞内蛋白质凝集", "B": "滑面内质网内有大量HBsAg", "C": "粗面内质网内有大量HBsAg", "D": "细胞器的变性"}, "answer": "滑面内质网内有大量HBsAg", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于原发性脑干损伤以下选项不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "昏迷时间超过12小时,甚至无体征", "B": "四肢强直性痉挛,锥体束征阳性", "C": "体温调节功能障碍,体温不升", "D": "生命体征不平稳,血压波动或下降"}, "answer": "体温调节功能障碍,体温不升", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "流行性脑炎时,病变主要累及(  )。", "options": {"A": "胶质细胞", "B": "神经元", "C": "软脑膜", "D": "脑脊液"}, "answer": "软脑膜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.结核性脑膜炎晚期表现(  )。", "options": {"A": "呕吐", "B": "皮肤出现划痕征", "C": "脑膜刺激征", "D": "频繁惊厥"}, "answer": "频繁惊厥", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,50岁,乙型肝炎病史30余年。2小时前进食烧饼后突然出现呕血,量约800ml。查体:全身皮肤、黏膜无黄染,无腹水。如果急诊手术,最佳手术方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "经颈静脉肝内门体分流术", "B": "非选择性门体分流术", "C": "选择性门体分流术", "D": "贲门周围血管离断术"}, "answer": "贲门周围血管离断术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,35岁。发现蛋白尿,镜下血尿3年,血压升高1个月。查体:BP 160/100mmHg,尿RBC 30~35个/Hp,尿蛋白1.8g/d,血肌酐130μmol/L,BUN 8.2mmol/L,该患者首选降压药为(  )。", "options": {"A": "利尿剂", "B": "钙离子阻滞剂", "C": "α受体阻滞剂", "D": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂"}, "answer": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "吗啡的下述药理作用哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "镇痛作用", "B": "食欲抑制作用", "C": "呼吸抑制作用", "D": "止泻作用"}, "answer": "食欲抑制作用", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.胃大部切除术,切口有血肿,记录为(  )。", "options": {"A": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅱ/甲”", "B": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅲ/甲”", "C": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅱ/乙”", "D": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅲ/丙”"}, "answer": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅱ/乙”", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "导致精神障碍的药物中毒中哪一项不是非依赖性药物(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿托品", "B": "异烟肼", "C": "哌替啶", "D": "颠茄"}, "answer": "哌替啶", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "慢性风湿性瓣膜病常见的联合瓣膜损害是(  )。", "options": {"A": "二尖瓣和三尖瓣", "B": "二尖瓣和主动脉瓣", "C": "主动脉瓣与肺动脉瓣", "D": "主动脉瓣与三尖瓣"}, "answer": "二尖瓣和主动脉瓣", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于股骨头的血供正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "股骨头圆韧带内的小凹动脉负担股骨头约60%的血供", "B": "股骨干的滋养血管升支阻断是股骨头坏死的主要原因", "C": "旋股内侧动脉供应股骨头4/5~2/3区域", "D": "旋髂浅动脉和旋股外侧动脉在股骨颈基底部组成动脉环,提供股骨头大部血供"}, "answer": "旋股内侧动脉供应股骨头4/5~2/3区域", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列有关酶的叙述,恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生物体内的无机催化剂", "B": "催化活性都需要特异的辅酶", "C": "能显著地降低反应活化能", "D": "在体内发挥催化作用时,不受任何调控"}, "answer": "能显著地降低反应活化能", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "突触前抑制产生的原因是突触前膜(  )。", "options": {"A": "递质耗竭", "B": "释放抑制性递质", "C": "产生超极化", "D": "兴奋性递质释放减少"}, "answer": "兴奋性递质释放减少", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "判断膀胱肿瘤恶性程度的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血尿程度", "B": "肿瘤的数目", "C": "肿瘤的大小", "D": "肿瘤细胞分化程度"}, "answer": "肿瘤细胞分化程度", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.哪项是自律性最高的部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "窦房结", "B": "房室交界", "C": "浦肯野纤维", "D": "心房肌"}, "answer": "窦房结", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,72岁。1年来阵发性腹痛,自觉有“气块”在腹中窜动,大便次数增加,近3个月腹胀、便秘,近3天无肛门排气、排便,呕吐物有粪便臭味,伴乏力、低热。2.引起该患者梗阻的病因最可能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肿瘤", "B": "炎性狭窄", "C": "肠系膜血栓", "D": "粘连带"}, "answer": "肿瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是参与构成胃黏膜保护屏障的主要离子?(  )", "options": {"A": "Ca2+", "B": "Na+", "C": "H+", "D": "HCO3-"}, "answer": "HCO3-", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,6个月。哭闹时,右侧腹股沟隆起肿块,平静时肿块可自行消失。最佳处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "绷带压住腹股沟深环,观察", "B": "尽早施行疝囊高位结扎术", "C": "施行加强前壁的疝修补术", "D": "施行加强后壁的疝修补术"}, "answer": "绷带压住腹股沟深环,观察", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "嗜铬细胞瘤高血压危象的病人,以下哪种表现最不典型(  )。", "options": {"A": "心动过速伴有心绞痛发作", "B": "高血糖", "C": "血白细胞增多", "D": "尿常规异常"}, "answer": "尿常规异常", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项为预防和控制伤寒的主要措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "检出带菌者,接触者进行医学观察", "B": "早期隔离和治疗病人", "C": "伤寒菌苗预防接种", "D": "切断传播途径"}, "answer": "切断传播途径", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "HIV的致病机制不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "直接杀伤CD4+细胞", "B": "形成包涵体损伤细胞", "C": "引起细胞融合而损伤细胞", "D": "病毒基因整合引起持续感染"}, "answer": "形成包涵体损伤细胞", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "碳酸锂中毒的主要表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝脏损害", "B": "肾功能下降", "C": "中枢神经症状", "D": "心律失常"}, "answer": "中枢神经症状", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "神经性贪食的主要特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "食后呕吐", "B": "持续性的暴食", "C": "发作性暴食", "D": "食前、食后呕吐"}, "answer": "发作性暴食", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,2岁,发热3天,体温39度,流涕,咳嗽。皮肤出现红色斑丘疹,体温升至40度。颊黏膜粗糙,可见白色斑点。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹", "B": "风疹", "C": "水痘", "D": "肺炎"}, "answer": "麻疹", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,45岁。发热3天,少尿1天,于12月15日入院。查体:BP 60/30mmHg,神志清,球结膜充血、水肿,双下肢有出血点。实验室检查:血WBC 25×109/L。PLT 50×109/L,尿蛋白(+++)。3.病原治疗首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素", "B": "环丙沙星", "C": "利巴韦林", "D": "金刚烷胺"}, "answer": "利巴韦林", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "慢性乙型肝炎,病情稳定,近10天突然出现乏力、腹胀、食欲缺乏,化验肝功ALT300U/L,胆红素56μmol/L,HBsAg(+),抗Hbe(+),抗HDV-IgM(+),诊断应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性乙型肝炎(活动期)", "B": "肝炎后肝硬化", "C": "慢性乙、丁型肝炎重叠感染", "D": "慢性乙、戊型肝炎重叠感染"}, "answer": "慢性乙、丁型肝炎重叠感染", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "我国卫生标准规定:瓶装汽水、果汁等饮料每100ml中大肠杆菌不得超过(  )。", "options": {"A": "5个", "B": "10个", "C": "50个", "D": "100个"}, "answer": "5个", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "内源性Ag诱导的免疫应答中,需识别MHC-I类分子,这种细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Th2", "B": "Thl", "C": "Tc", "D": "嗜碱粒细胞"}, "answer": "Tc", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.与羊水栓塞早期症状相符的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有妊高症病史", "B": "突然剧烈腹痛", "C": "呼吸困难,咳嗽,发绀等呼吸衰竭", "D": "子宫成板状,胎心消失"}, "answer": "呼吸困难,咳嗽,发绀等呼吸衰竭", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "躯体疾病所致精神障碍的临床特点,下列哪一条是不准确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "具有导致精神障碍的躯体疾病的症状、体征和实验室阳性发现", "B": "精神症状多发生于躯体病的高峰时期", "C": "病人常常有精神病阳性家族史", "D": "精神症状的严重程度多与躯体疾病的严重程度平行一致"}, "answer": "病人常常有精神病阳性家族史", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于肺气肿的后果,下述哪一种是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺心病", "B": "呼吸衰竭", "C": "全心衰竭", "D": "肺萎缩"}, "answer": "全心衰竭", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "丙酮酸氧化脱羧生成的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙酰CoA", "B": "羟基戊二酰CoA", "C": "乙酰乙酰CoA", "D": "琥珀酰CoA"}, "answer": "乙酰CoA", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "颌下、颈部发生急性蜂窝织炎,最危险的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脓毒血症", "B": "呼吸困难、窒息", "C": "吞咽困难", "D": "化脓性颌下腺炎"}, "answer": "呼吸困难、窒息", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "整合在细菌染色体上的噬菌体的核酸是(  )。", "options": {"A": "毒性噬菌体", "B": "前噬菌体", "C": "溶源性细菌", "D": "L型细菌"}, "answer": "前噬菌体", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "依照对医疗机构执业要求的规定,医疗机构有下列义务,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "必须承担相应的保健丁作", "B": "必须承担相应的医疗卫生知识的宣传普及工作", "C": "必须承担相应的预防工作", "D": "承担卫生行政部门委托的支援农村的任务"}, "answer": "必须承担相应的医疗卫生知识的宣传普及工作", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "介导Ⅳ型超敏反应的免疫细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "T细胞", "B": "B细胞", "C": "肥大细胞", "D": "中性粒细胞"}, "answer": "T细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有一名12岁男孩,全头型帽状筋膜下血肿,首选的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "加压包扎,静脉滴注止血药物", "B": "待其自行吸收,静脉滴注止血药物", "C": "穿刺抽血+加压包扎", "D": "切开引流+加压包扎"}, "answer": "穿刺抽血+加压包扎", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2个月男婴,出生体重3000g,生后即进乳。因进水后出现呕吐,逐渐加重,而入院治疗。患儿食欲强,大便少。查体:体重3kg。血浆总蛋白降低。最易出现的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮下脂肪0.3cm厚", "B": "肋串珠及哈氏沟", "C": "“O”形腿", "D": "双足背浮肿"}, "answer": "皮下脂肪0.3cm厚", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者女性,38岁。6年来反复中上腹隐痛、饱胀和嗳气。多次胃镜检查提示浅表性胃炎,腹部B超未见异常。近期症状时常反复发作,胃纳不佳,睡眠较差,反复就医。以下诊断最贴切的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性咽炎", "B": "胃食管反流病", "C": "功能性消化不良", "D": "Oddi括约肌功能障碍"}, "answer": "功能性消化不良", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "符合急性淋巴细胞性白血病的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "为儿童最多见的急性白血病", "B": "易发生DIC出血严重", "C": "中枢神经系统白血病少见", "D": "与EB病毒感染有关"}, "answer": "为儿童最多见的急性白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "除哪项外,均为低渗性脱水的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "主要是细胞外液减少重点为低钠血症", "B": "易高热,烦渴", "C": "易脱水,休克", "D": "易嗜睡,昏迷"}, "answer": "易高热,烦渴", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,70岁,高中文化,患糖尿病,高血压多年,有脑卒中病史10多年,近2年来出现话多,常为重复话题,情绪不稳,计算力逐渐减退,有时不能算出100以内的减法,自觉记忆力下降明显,此病人最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "遗忘综合征", "B": "阿尔茨海默病", "C": "血管性痴呆", "D": "假性痴呆"}, "answer": "血管性痴呆", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列疾病的预防以第一级预防为主要控制策略的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结肠直肠癌", "B": "类风湿关节炎", "C": "乳腺癌", "D": "碘缺乏病"}, "answer": "碘缺乏病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.医师注册后受吊销医师执业证书行政处罚的(  )。", "options": {"A": "中止医师执业活动", "B": "申请执业医师注册", "C": "不予医师执业注册", "D": "注销执业医师注册"}, "answer": "注销执业医师注册", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "新型隐球菌引起的主要疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性脑膜炎", "B": "鹅口疮", "C": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "D": "原发性非典型肺炎"}, "answer": "慢性脑膜炎", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "血清壁细胞抗体阳性多见于哪种疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "慢性萎缩性胃体胃炎", "B": "胃溃疡", "C": "胃癌", "D": "急性糜烂性胃炎"}, "answer": "慢性萎缩性胃体胃炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,40岁。近3个月来工作不顺利,失眠、头痛、疲乏,情绪低落,思维困难,责怪自己能力低、内疚、自罪,曾有自杀行为。体检及神经系统检查未见异常。该病人可考虑诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "神经衰弱", "C": "抑郁症", "D": "脑动脉硬化性精神障碍"}, "answer": "抑郁症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "Ts细胞的调节作用主要是通过(  )。", "options": {"A": "特异性杀伤靶细胞,清除抗原", "B": "杀伤T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞引起免疫抑制", "C": "抑制抗原-抗体复合物活化补体", "D": "分泌抗原特异和非特异抑制因子抑制免疫应答"}, "answer": "分泌抗原特异和非特异抑制因子抑制免疫应答", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "镰刀形红细胞贫血病患者Hb分子中氨基酸替换及位置是(  )。", "options": {"A": "β链第六位Glu→Val", "B": "β链第六位Val→Glu", "C": "α链第六位Glu→Val", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "β链第六位Glu→Val", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "人体血浆载脂蛋白中,能激活LPL的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "apoAⅡ", "B": "apoCⅡ", "C": "apoD", "D": "apoE"}, "answer": "apoCⅡ", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "属于骨折早期并发症的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脂肪栓塞综合征", "B": "缺血性肌挛缩", "C": "创伤性关节炎", "D": "损伤性骨化"}, "answer": "脂肪栓塞综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "神经性呕吐的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "常伴有明显器质性病变", "B": "体重明显减轻", "C": "与心理社会因素无关", "D": "自发的反复呕吐"}, "answer": "自发的反复呕吐", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "初产妇,26岁,右乳外上象限红肿、压痛、有波动,该处抽出脓汁,下述处置哪一项是错误的(  )。", "options": {"A": "不要分离脓肿隔膜以防扩散", "B": "必要时作对口引流", "C": "切口应达到引流通畅", "D": "切口应按轮辐方向"}, "answer": "不要分离脓肿隔膜以防扩散", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "当一伸肌被过度牵拉时张力会突然降低,是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "负反馈", "B": "疲劳", "C": "腱器官兴奋", "D": "肌梭敏感性降低"}, "answer": "腱器官兴奋", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.不协调性子宫收缩乏力时,首选药物为(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉滴注肼苯达嗪", "B": "肌内注射杜冷丁", "C": "静脉滴注硫酸镁", "D": "静脉推注氯丙嗪"}, "answer": "肌内注射杜冷丁", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,18岁。双下肢及颜面水肿1周。尿沉渣镜检:RBC0~2/HP,尿蛋白定量12.2g/d。血ALB 10g/L,Scr 79μmol/L,ANA(-),乙型肝炎病毒标志物均(-)。1.该患者最可能的肾脏病理类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎", "B": "微小病变型肾病", "C": "膜增生性肾小球肾炎", "D": "局灶节段性肾小球硬化"}, "answer": "微小病变型肾病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性心肌梗死,其闭塞的冠状动脉最常见的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左冠状动脉回旋支", "B": "左冠状动脉主干", "C": "右冠状动脉加左冠状动脉回旋支", "D": "左冠状动脉前降支"}, "answer": "左冠状动脉前降支", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.儿童苯丙酮尿症的确诊检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血TSH测定", "B": "尿三氯化铁试验", "C": "尿蝶呤分析", "D": "血浆氨基酸分析"}, "answer": "血浆氨基酸分析", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "确诊感染性心内膜炎除血培养多次阳性外,还应有下列哪一项?(  )", "options": {"A": "Roth斑", "B": "新出现的心脏病理性杂音", "C": "Janeway损害", "D": "指甲下裂片状出血"}, "answer": "新出现的心脏病理性杂音", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.癫痫的复杂部分性发作的病损在(  )。", "options": {"A": "锥体外系", "B": "小脑", "C": "枕叶", "D": "颞叶"}, "answer": "颞叶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "脊柱损伤后,跟腱反射消失,膝腱反射正常,可能为脊髓哪一节段损伤?(  )", "options": {"A": "S2以下", "B": "L5以下", "C": "L2以下", "D": "T12以下"}, "answer": "L5以下", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "HLA分子属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "同种异性型抗原", "B": "异种抗原", "C": "异嗜性抗原", "D": "共同抗原"}, "answer": "同种异性型抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "细胞外液高浓度葡萄糖通过细胞膜进入细胞内是属(  )。", "options": {"A": "通道易化扩散", "B": "载体易化扩散", "C": "单纯扩散", "D": "入胞作用"}, "answer": "载体易化扩散", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.股骨头缺血性坏死病变始于(  )。", "options": {"A": "滑膜", "B": "肌肉肌腱", "C": "软骨", "D": "骨"}, "answer": "骨", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.医务人员发生医疗事故,情节严重,尚不够刑事处罚的,卫生行政部门可以给予的行政处罚是(  )。", "options": {"A": "警告", "B": "给予纪律处分", "C": "责令限期整顿", "D": "吊销执业证书"}, "answer": "吊销执业证书", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "治疗小腿丹毒应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "红霉素", "B": "土霉素", "C": "庆大霉素", "D": "青霉素"}, "answer": "青霉素", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某心外科医生在实施一例先天性心脏手术之前的晚上,在自己脑海中反复想象手术的过程,路径以及手术以外的应对措施等。这种思维方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "形象思维", "B": "发散思维", "C": "抽象思维", "D": "创造思维"}, "answer": "形象思维", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于休克的治疗原则,不正确的叙述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "失血性休克的治疗首先以输注平衡盐溶液为主", "B": "感染性休克的治疗以处理原发感染灶、抗感染治疗为主", "C": "休克合并酸中毒时,不主张早期给予碱性药物纠酸", "D": "无论失血性休克或感染性休克,应首先纠正休克,再处理原发病"}, "answer": "感染性休克的治疗以处理原发感染灶、抗感染治疗为主", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪项是引起气性坏疽的常见原因?(  )", "options": {"A": "空气进入肌肉并且有细菌感染", "B": "伤口合并腐败菌感染", "C": "由产气荚膜杆菌等厌氧菌感染", "D": "干性坏疽伴有感染"}, "answer": "由产气荚膜杆菌等厌氧菌感染", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某肺癌病人即将进行手术,术前除了一系列躯体准备外,他还采用了肌肉松弛法进行心理准备。这种肌肉松弛方法属于哪种心理准备方法?(  )", "options": {"A": "脱敏", "B": "示范", "C": "认知校正", "D": "行为应对"}, "answer": "行为应对", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.男性,17岁,发热、咽痛伴齿龈出血l周来诊。体检:浅表淋巴结肿大,肝肋下lcm,脾肋下3cm,胸骨压痛(+),血红蛋白80g/L,白细胞18.2×109/L,PLT 84×109/L,骨髓增生活跃,原始细胞占60%,糖原染色阳性,粗粒,血清和尿溶菌酶低。该病例临床诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性单核细胞白血病", "B": "急性红白血病", "C": "急性早幼粒性白血病", "D": "急性淋巴细胞性白血病"}, "answer": "急性淋巴细胞性白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肝糖原合成中葡萄糖载体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ADP", "B": "CDP", "C": "UDP", "D": "GDP"}, "answer": "UDP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,14个月,慢性腹泻2个月,近日发现面色发黄,皮肤有散在出血点。查体:心肺正常,肝脾轻度肿大,无震颤。血象:Hb 90g/L,RBC 2.65×1012/L。要早期诊断,应首先做什么检查(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓穿刺", "B": "血清维生素B12测定", "C": "血涂片:查中性粒细胞分叶过多现象", "D": "血清叶酸测定"}, "answer": "血涂片:查中性粒细胞分叶过多现象", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "目前胰腺癌患者预后较差的最主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "患者消化不良,营养状况差", "B": "胰、十二指肠切除术对患者创伤大", "C": "黄疸对肝功能影响较大", "D": "早期症状不明显,发现和确诊晚"}, "answer": "早期症状不明显,发现和确诊晚", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于支气管哮喘概念的描述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管哮喘是支气管黏膜的慢性非特异性炎症,临床表现为反复喘息、呼气性呼吸困难等症状,多数患者可自行或经治疗后缓解", "B": "支气管哮喘是多种炎性细胞参与的气管慢性炎症,临床表现为反复喘息、呼气性呼吸困难等症状,多数患者虽经治疗仍不能缓解", "C": "支气管哮喘是支气管黏膜的慢性非特异性炎症,临床表现为反复喘息、吸气性呼吸困难等症状,多数患者可自行或经治疗后缓解", "D": "支气管哮喘是多种炎性细胞参与的气管慢性炎症,临床表现为反复发作性的喘息、呼气性呼吸困难等症状,多数患者可自行或经治疗后缓解"}, "answer": "支气管哮喘是多种炎性细胞参与的气管慢性炎症,临床表现为反复发作性的喘息、呼气性呼吸困难等症状,多数患者可自行或经治疗后缓解", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.突出体现保守医密作用的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "一位急诊病人被送到医院,因其满身血污,其他病人及其家属见了忙掩鼻躲开,而应诊医护人员则顾不得脏不脏,出于责任心赶紧给病人做检查和处置", "B": "某科室常常针对所要解决的医德医风问题向住院病人做出改善服务的承诺", "C": "在病人及其家属的一再恳求下,某手术组决心为一高龄病人做心脏手术,但手术前这个手术组提出必须先去做公证", "D": "医师保证不泄露病人隐私,终于使病人放心地述说了全部病情信息"}, "answer": "医师保证不泄露病人隐私,终于使病人放心地述说了全部病情信息", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "多发生于儿童的肾炎是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新月体性肾炎", "B": "弥漫性毛细血管内增生性肾炎", "C": "膜性肾炎", "D": "膜性增生性肾炎"}, "answer": "弥漫性毛细血管内增生性肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,45岁。无痛性肉眼血尿1个月,尿中偶有血块,伴膀胱刺激症状。B超见膀胱右侧壁有一1cm×2cm软组织影,有蒂。1.应考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺性膀胱炎", "B": "膀胱异物", "C": "膀胱憩室", "D": "膀胱肿瘤"}, "answer": "膀胱肿瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.RNA聚合酶在转录起始时结合的序列是(  )。", "options": {"A": "增强子", "B": "启动子", "C": "沉默子", "D": "反密码子"}, "answer": "启动子", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.弥漫性血管内凝血(  )。", "options": {"A": "透明血栓", "B": "混合性血栓", "C": "红色血栓", "D": "肿瘤性栓子"}, "answer": "透明血栓", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "30岁男性,股骨下端疼痛,膝关节活动轻微受限。查体:股骨下端偏外侧局限性隆起,压痛。X线片:股骨外侧髁可见偏心性生长的骨吸收病灶,皮质向外膨隆变薄,呈肥皂泡样,无骨膜反应。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨纤维异样增殖症", "B": "骨巨细胞瘤", "C": "嗜酸性肉芽肿", "D": "骨囊肿"}, "answer": "骨巨细胞瘤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肾结石体外冲击波碎石主要禁忌证是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖尿病", "B": "前列腺增生", "C": "结石急性发作", "D": "输尿管狭窄"}, "answer": "输尿管狭窄", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,25岁,活动后心悸气短3个月,伴有皮肤粘膜出血,间断发热,诊断为再生障碍性贫血。该实验检查结果错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全血细胞减少", "B": "骨髓增生低下,巨核细胞不易找到", "C": "网织红细胞绝对计数增加", "D": "体外集落培养CFU-GM降低"}, "answer": "网织红细胞绝对计数增加", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪一点不符合神经内分泌细胞特征?(  )", "options": {"A": "通过胞突接受神经冲动", "B": "由轴突释放神经递质", "C": "由轴突释放激素物质", "D": "释放的激素经血运输后发挥作用"}, "answer": "由轴突释放神经递质", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "通过内源性途径活化CD8+细胞的Ag是(  )。", "options": {"A": "菌体Ag", "B": "细菌的外毒素", "C": "病毒感染的细胞", "D": "红细胞的Rh抗原"}, "answer": "病毒感染的细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医患之间的道德关系是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主从关系", "B": "信托关系", "C": "陌生关系", "D": "私人关系"}, "answer": "信托关系", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.枕后位(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎心位于脐耻线上,或稍偏左、右", "B": "子宫呈横椭圆形,母体腹部一侧可触到胎头", "C": "胎心位于脐周", "D": "胎心位于胎儿肢体侧"}, "answer": "胎心位于胎儿肢体侧", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于甲亢术前的药物准备,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硫脲类药物和碘剂不能合并应用", "B": "服用硫脲类药物控制甲亢症状后再进行手术", "C": "使用碘剂2~3周后,甲亢症状基本控制便可进行手术", "D": "服用普萘洛尔时应每8小时给药一次,术后应继续服用2~3周"}, "answer": "使用碘剂2~3周后,甲亢症状基本控制便可进行手术", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,25岁。上呼吸道感染后2周出现肉眼血尿,血压150/95mmHg,临床诊断为急性肾小球肾炎,控制血压应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂", "B": "血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂", "C": "硝酸甘油", "D": "利尿剂"}, "answer": "利尿剂", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "27岁初孕妇,妊娠39周。枕左前位,胎心140次/min,血压190/120mmHg,尿蛋白3g/24h,骨盆外测量正常。本例恰当的处理应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "积极治疗,等待产程发动", "B": "积极治疗24~48小时后终止妊娠", "C": "积极治疗1周后予以引产", "D": "立即行剖宫产术"}, "answer": "积极治疗24~48小时后终止妊娠", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "腰椎间盘突出症与腰椎管狭窄的鉴别,主要依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有无向下肢放射性疼痛", "B": "有无间歇跛行", "C": "CT检查", "D": "X线平片"}, "answer": "CT检查", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "5岁女孩,因活动后气促2年就诊。体检:体格较瘦小,无发绀,双肺呼吸音清,P2亢进、分裂、胸骨左缘第2、3肋间闻及2/6级收缩期杂音。2.此病X线检查,以下错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右室大", "B": "肺门舞蹈", "C": "肺纹理纤细", "D": "肺动脉段突出"}, "answer": "肺纹理纤细", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "5岁男孩,驼背,疼痛5个月,消瘦、贫血,无神经症状,经检查双肺浸润性结核,6~8胸椎结核,伴椎旁脓肿,SR112mm,在支持疗法及全身抗结核治疗同时应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "石膏背心", "B": "卧硬板床", "C": "冷脓肿穿刺", "D": "矫正驼背"}, "answer": "卧硬板床", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性血源性骨髓炎应用抗牛素类药物治疗后,在出现X线片改变,全身及局部症状消失,仍需应用抗生素至少(  )。", "options": {"A": "1周", "B": "3周", "C": "4周", "D": "6周"}, "answer": "3周", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "卫生服务需要主要取决于卫生服务消费者的(  )。", "options": {"A": "实际支付能力", "B": "购买愿望", "C": "自身健康状况", "D": "健康状况和购买愿望"}, "answer": "自身健康状况", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,44岁。发热,头痛,间断呕吐3周,既往有中耳炎病史,MRI见右颞叶内圆形病灶,边界清楚,中央为长T1、长T2信号。可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑脓肿", "B": "脑转移瘤", "C": "脑炎", "D": "脑梗死"}, "answer": "脑脓肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "干性坏疽的叙述,下述哪一项是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "腐败菌感染一般较重", "B": "发生机制为动脉闭塞而静脉回流受阻", "C": "坏死区与周围组织没有界线", "D": "多见于四肢末端"}, "answer": "多见于四肢末端", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "HAV区别于其他肠道病毒的生物学特性是(  )。", "options": {"A": "形态", "B": "大小", "C": "对热的抵抗力", "D": "目前无法细胞培养"}, "answer": "对热的抵抗力", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪一种激素是由下丘脑产生的?(  )", "options": {"A": "黄体生成素", "B": "精氨酸加压素", "C": "促甲状腺素", "D": "黑色素细胞刺激素"}, "answer": "精氨酸加压素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以下关于腹部闭合性损伤导致肠损伤的描述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小肠损伤后易出现腹膜刺激征", "B": "肠损伤后均有膈下游离气体", "C": "小肠损伤多于结肠损伤", "D": "结肠损伤后的感染表现一般较晚但严重"}, "answer": "肠损伤后均有膈下游离气体", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.高钾血症的常见病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肠梗阻", "B": "肺炎高热", "C": "慢性十二指肠瘘", "D": "急性肾功能衰竭"}, "answer": "急性肾功能衰竭", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,13岁,2年前起病,于生气后突然大叫一声,随之倒地呼之不应,牙关紧闭,双眼上视,头颈后仰,四肢抽搐,无二便失禁,无舌咬伤。发作停止后对整个过程不能回忆,未给予特殊处置,照常上学。2个月后于夜间入睡后又出现抽搐,有小便失禁。抽搐停止后,突然起床冲出门外,无目的漫游,呼之不应,冲动毁物,持续2小时后恢复清醒,对经过全无记忆。此后反复有类似发作,平均每月3次。3.最有效的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯丙嗪治疗", "B": "心理治疗", "C": "卡马西平治病", "D": "手术治疗"}, "answer": "卡马西平治病", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "初产妇,32岁。剖宫产一男活婴,产后1周,寒战、高热,左下肢持续性疼痛1天,恶露量多,头晕,乏力,体温39.5℃,脉搏120次/分,血压110/70mmHg。此患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫肌炎", "B": "盆腔结缔组织炎", "C": "血栓性静脉炎", "D": "盆腔静脉炎"}, "answer": "血栓性静脉炎", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于功能性低血糖病人,为减少低血糖发作,下列哪一项饮食调整是不恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "少食多餐", "B": "高蛋白饮食", "C": "高脂饮食", "D": "低纤维饮食"}, "answer": "低纤维饮食", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,45岁。因胃溃疡合并大出血,行胃大部切除术,术后5天出现便血。2.术后10天,已进流质饮食,突然出现呕吐,禁食后症状好转,钡餐检查见吻合口及输出段有较长狭窄,形似漏斗和一细线形的漏斗尾,该患者可选择的治疗措施不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃肠减压", "B": "输血", "C": "应用皮质激素", "D": "立即手术"}, "answer": "立即手术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,69岁。刺激性咳嗽1个月,发现痰中带血丝1周。胸片X线片示右肺上叶周围型结节影,大小约2.5cm,边界不清,有短毛刺。既往体健,无肺部疾病病史,吸烟20年,10~20支/d。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺癌", "B": "肺炎性假瘤", "C": "肺错构瘤", "D": "肺结核"}, "answer": "肺癌", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.初发劳累性心绞痛是(  )。", "options": {"A": "劳累性心绞痛病程在1个月以内", "B": "同等程度劳累所诱发的胸痛发作次数增加、严重程度加重及持续时间延长", "C": "劳累性心绞痛病程在3个月以内", "D": "劳累性心绞痛临床特点半年以上无变化根据ISFC/WHO对缺血性心脏病的分类"}, "answer": "劳累性心绞痛病程在1个月以内", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列关于阑尾炎的叙述不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阑尾动脉是终末动脉", "B": "阑尾组织中有丰富的淋巴滤泡", "C": "阑尾炎发作时脐周痛属于内脏性疼痛", "D": "成人切除阑尾将损害机体的免疫功能"}, "answer": "成人切除阑尾将损害机体的免疫功能", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "按照我国卫生部规定,婴儿必须在1岁内完成的预防接种项目中,应除外以下哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "卡介苗", "B": "脊髓灰质炎三型混合疫苗", "C": "百白破混合制剂", "D": "乙脑疫苗"}, "answer": "乙脑疫苗", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在同种异型抗原间接识别过程中,哪项是受者T细胞识别的抗原?(  )", "options": {"A": "受者APC上的MHC分子", "B": "供者APC上的MHC分子", "C": "受者APC提呈来源于供者MHC的抗原肽", "D": "供者APC提呈来源于供者MHC的抗原肽"}, "answer": "受者APC提呈来源于供者MHC的抗原肽", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "早产儿,胎龄33周出生,生后4小时出现呼吸增快,进行性加重伴呼气性呻吟,青紫,肺呼吸音降低,心率增快,腹部(-)。2.选择最合适有效的给氧方式应该是(  )。", "options": {"A": "面罩吸氧", "B": "持续呼吸道正压吸氧", "C": "头罩吸氧", "D": "高压氧舱给氧"}, "answer": "持续呼吸道正压吸氧", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "酶的催化高效性是由于酶(  )。", "options": {"A": "启动热力学不能发生的反应", "B": "能降低反应的活化能", "C": "能升高反应的活化能", "D": "对作用物(底物)的选择性"}, "answer": "能降低反应的活化能", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项为急性炎症性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病与低血钾型周期性麻痹最主要的鉴别点?(  )", "options": {"A": "瘫痪的特点", "B": "是否伴双侧面神经麻痹", "C": "血钾降低", "D": "脑脊液改变"}, "answer": "脑脊液改变", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,17岁。咽痛8天后出现水肿、尿少,血压165/100mmHg,尿蛋白(++)、红细胞(+++),可见红细胞管型,血肌酐90μmol/L,经治疗后逐渐恢复。下列哪项改变最后恢复正常?(  )", "options": {"A": "管型尿", "B": "高血压", "C": "水肿", "D": "镜下血尿"}, "answer": "镜下血尿", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,34岁,上腹部周期性疼痛、反酸、嗳气,钡剂胃透见胃窦小弯侧有一直径2cm溃疡,边缘整齐,溃疡周围黏膜呈放射状。应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃黏膜糜烂", "B": "应激性溃疡", "C": "胃溃疡病", "D": "胃腐蚀性炎症"}, "answer": "胃溃疡病", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对肠热症患者的标本进行病原菌分离培养,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发病第1周取血液", "B": "发病第1~3周取骨髓", "C": "发病第1周取粪便", "D": "可选用SS肠道选择培养基"}, "answer": "发病第1周取粪便", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,28岁,头部受伤后立即昏迷,5分钟后清醒,3小时后再度昏迷,X线发现颅骨线状骨折,且骨折线越过脑膜中动脉沟,表明(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑水肿", "B": "急性硬膜外血肿", "C": "脑挫伤", "D": "外伤性脑内血肿"}, "answer": "急性硬膜外血肿", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性肾盂肾炎的疗程通常是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1周", "B": "2周", "C": "3周", "D": "6周"}, "answer": "2周", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "已婚妇女,35岁。1年前曾人工流产并行绝育术,近3个月阴道不规则流血。妇科检查:子宫稍大,双附件医未查异常,尿HCG(+),胸片见右肺有1cm直径的两个阴影,边缘模糊。1.该患者可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不全流产", "B": "月经失调", "C": "异位妊娠", "D": "绒毛膜癌"}, "answer": "绒毛膜癌", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "可以鉴别三种非典型苯丙酮尿症的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿蝶呤分析", "B": "尿三氯化铁试验", "C": "血清苯丙氨酸浓度测定", "D": "2,4-二硝基苯肼试验"}, "answer": "尿蝶呤分析", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列病毒中不属于虫媒病毒的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "登革病毒", "B": "狂犬病毒", "C": "森林脑炎病毒", "D": "新疆出血热病毒"}, "answer": "狂犬病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,55岁,车祸伤及头部,伤后出现左侧鼻唇沟变浅,鼻出血,左耳听力下降,左外耳道流出淡血性液体。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑震荡", "B": "颅中窝骨折", "C": "颅后窝骨折", "D": "左颞骨骨折"}, "answer": "颅中窝骨折", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪项为意识障碍的重要标志?(  )", "options": {"A": "反应迟钝", "B": "情感淡漠", "C": "定向力障碍", "D": "注意力障碍"}, "answer": "定向力障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在知觉的基本特性中不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "整体性", "B": "理解性", "C": "选择性", "D": "准确性"}, "answer": "准确性", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪一种方法可以解除免疫耐受性(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线照射", "B": "注射维生素C", "C": "注射交叉抗原", "D": "注射小剂量耐受原"}, "answer": "注射交叉抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.当外阴部发生炎症时,最易形成囊肿的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小阴唇", "B": "阴阜", "C": "阴蒂", "D": "前庭大腺"}, "answer": "前庭大腺", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "盆腔放射性治疗后导致的闭经属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫性闭经", "B": "卵巢性闭经", "C": "肾上腺性闭经", "D": "下丘脑性闭经"}, "answer": "子宫性闭经", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,28岁,头晕乏力一年半,皮肤散在出血点。血象:Hb65g/L,RBC2×1012/L,WBC1.8×109/L。白细胞分类:淋巴细胞0.8,中性0.2。骨髓增生低下。应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性再障", "B": "慢性再障", "C": "骨髓纤维化", "D": "白血病"}, "answer": "慢性再障", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,55岁。急性心肌梗死4周,今晨再发胸痛,持续8小时不缓解,遂来急诊。查体:BP 100/60mmHg,心率95次/分,心肺检查无异常。心电图:aVL导联ST段弓背向上抬高。血清肌钙蛋白升高。该患者胸痛最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏破裂", "B": "心室膨胀瘤", "C": "急性心包炎", "D": "再发急性心肌梗死"}, "answer": "再发急性心肌梗死", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,25岁,给丈人回信:“某某:你好,冰天雪地,身体好吗?春暖花开了,你应该努力工作,汽车老在公路上……”此症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "思维破裂", "B": "思维奔逸", "C": "思维黏滞", "D": "病理性赘述"}, "answer": "思维破裂", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪一种细胞不是自律细胞?(  )", "options": {"A": "心室传导束的浦肯野细胞", "B": "心房、心室肌细胞", "C": "窦房结P细胞", "D": "结希区细胞"}, "answer": "心房、心室肌细胞", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "尿道球部损伤最常见的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿道镜检查", "B": "会因不刺伤", "C": "会阴部骑跨伤", "D": "骨盆骨折"}, "answer": "会阴部骑跨伤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪种辅酶中不含维生素?(  )", "options": {"A": "FAD", "B": "FMN", "C": "CoQ", "D": "CoA-SH"}, "answer": "CoQ", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "正常血糖水平时,葡萄糖虽然易透过肝细胞膜,但是葡萄糖主要在肝外各组织中被利用,这是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "因血糖为正常水平", "B": "己糖激酶受产物的反馈抑制", "C": "肝脏中葡萄糖激酶Km比己糖激酶高", "D": "肝脏中存在抑制葡萄糖转变或利用的因子"}, "answer": "肝脏中葡萄糖激酶Km比己糖激酶高", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于学龄期,哪项描述是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "自我保护能力差,对危险的认识不足,需要注意安全", "B": "生长发育出现第二个高峰,生殖系统发育成熟", "C": "循环系统发生巨大变化,由胎儿型变为成人型", "D": "智力发育基本成熟,自我控制能力增强,可以接受文化教育"}, "answer": "智力发育基本成熟,自我控制能力增强,可以接受文化教育", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "阿司匹林抗血小板聚集的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阻止TXA2的降解", "B": "促进TXA2的合成", "C": "增加PGI2的合成", "D": "减少PGI2的降解"}, "answer": "促进TXA2的合成", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.风湿性全心炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤维素性心外膜炎", "B": "疣状心内膜炎", "C": "以上病变都存在", "D": "以上病变都不存在"}, "answer": "以上病变都存在", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎特征性的表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Trendelenburg征", "B": "Whipple三联征", "C": "Reynolds五联征", "D": "Murphy征"}, "answer": "Reynolds五联征", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肛裂的典型临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "里急后重", "B": "黑便", "C": "脓血便", "D": "排便后肛门疼痛"}, "answer": "排便后肛门疼痛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.经典途径的C3转化酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "C", "B": "C3bBbp", "C": "C4a2a", "D": "C"}, "answer": "C", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,60岁。因胃溃疡合并多次大出血,行胃大部切除术,该患者术后5天出现黑便。2.女,48岁。胃大部切除、毕Ⅱ式吻合术后20天,进食后25分钟上腹突然胀痛,喷射性呕吐大量不含食物的胆汁,吐后腹痛消失,最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吻合口梗阻", "B": "急性完全性输入段梗阻", "C": "慢性不完全性输入段梗阻", "D": "输出段梗阻"}, "answer": "慢性不完全性输入段梗阻", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,65岁。间断腹胀、上腹隐痛25年。胃镜检查提示:胃体黏膜变薄,血管透见,皱襞稀疏。患者可能缺乏的维生素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素C", "B": "维生素B12", "C": "维生素B2", "D": "维生素D"}, "answer": "维生素B12", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.急性细菌性痢疾(  )。", "options": {"A": "假膜性炎", "B": "肉芽肿性炎", "C": "卡他性炎", "D": "变质性炎"}, "answer": "假膜性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,35岁,体温38.5~39℃,腹痛、腹泻、肝区痛1个月来诊。查:肝区有触痛。下列各项检查中对本病的诊断帮助不大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部超声", "B": "便常规及培养", "C": "血常规", "D": "尿常规"}, "answer": "尿常规", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "丘脑特异投射系统的主要作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "引起特定感觉", "B": "引起牵涉痛", "C": "调节内脏功能", "D": "维持觉醒"}, "answer": "引起特定感觉", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.人体实验道德原则不含(  )。", "options": {"A": "有利于医学和社会发展", "B": "受试者知情同意", "C": "试验者多数赞成", "D": "严谨的科学态度"}, "answer": "试验者多数赞成", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.可引起股骨头无菌性坏死的药物最常见的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝素", "B": "尿激酶", "C": "糖皮质激素", "D": "甲苯磺丁脲"}, "answer": "糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "三叉神经痛用下列哪种药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "吗啡", "B": "卡马西平", "C": "芬太尼", "D": "硝普钠"}, "answer": "卡马西平", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一新生儿暴发脓毒血症,脓汁标本经涂片革兰染色镜检发现葡萄球菌。为确定该菌是否有致病力,应检查的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血浆凝固酶", "B": "尿素酶", "C": "DNA酶", "D": "触酶"}, "answer": "血浆凝固酶", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "足月儿,胎头吸引分娩,有窒息史,转入儿科后一直嗜睡、呕吐,枕部有血肿,前囟3cm×3cm,颅缝略宽。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿败血症", "B": "新生儿先天性脑积水", "C": "新生儿化脓性脑膜炎", "D": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病"}, "answer": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.婴儿SDA所需能量(  )。", "options": {"A": "占总能量的50%~60%", "B": "占总能量的7%~8%", "C": "占总能量的10%", "D": "占总能量的5%"}, "answer": "占总能量的7%~8%", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不良反应最小,可进入脑脊液的咪唑类抗真菌药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "咪康唑", "B": "氟康唑", "C": "酮康唑", "D": "氟胞嘧啶"}, "answer": "氟康唑", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性胰腺炎所致腹痛的常见放射痛部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左下颌部", "B": "左腰背部", "C": "左肩部", "D": "左上臂内侧"}, "answer": "左腰背部", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "激活补体参与移植排斥的主要抗体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgA", "B": "IgG", "C": "IgM", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "IgM", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "浆液性炎时,下列哪项是其浆液内所含的主要蛋白?(  )", "options": {"A": "球蛋白", "B": "清蛋白", "C": "脂蛋白", "D": "补体"}, "answer": "清蛋白", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,30岁,海员,平素体健,昨晚进食海蟹一只,晨起腹泻稀水便10余次,量多,无明显发热、腹痛。中午开始出现呕吐,为米泔水样,共4次,尿量减少。经粪便悬滴及涂片检查,初步诊断为霍乱。3.霍乱患者腹泻可引起大量脱水,此脱水属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "低渗性脱水", "B": "高渗性脱水", "C": "等渗性脱水", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "等渗性脱水", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,63岁,上腹痛2小时,伴恶心、呕吐胃内容物2次,在下列疾病诊断中,可能性最小的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心肌梗死", "B": "急性胰腺炎", "C": "梅尼埃综合症", "D": "急性胃炎"}, "answer": "梅尼埃综合症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "二尖瓣狭窄导致的变化哪项错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "左心室肥大扩张", "B": "左心房肥大扩张", "C": "右心房肥大扩张", "D": "肺淤血水肿"}, "answer": "左心室肥大扩张", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "蛋白质-热能营养不良小儿最先出现下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "皮下脂肪消失", "B": "体重不增", "C": "身高低于正常", "D": "肌张力低下"}, "answer": "体重不增", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者。女,20岁。患上呼吸道感染2周后。感心悸、气短、乏力。心率98次/min。心电图示PR间期为0.22秒。应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "窦性心动过速", "B": "窦性心律不齐", "C": "二度Ⅱ型房室传导阻滞", "D": "一度房室传导阻滞"}, "answer": "一度房室传导阻滞", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,40岁,输血3min后即出现咳嗽、喘憋,神志不清,呼吸困难,血压80/40mmHg(10.7/5.33kPa)。2.下列治疗中不妥的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即停止输血", "B": "碳酸氢钠溶液静脉滴注", "C": "给予地塞米松5mg静注", "D": "必要时行气管切开"}, "answer": "碳酸氢钠溶液静脉滴注", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿3岁,因发热,头痛,呕吐3天伴强直性抽搐2次入院。体检:意识模糊,营养差,颈抵抗阳性,右侧鼻唇沟较浅,右眼闭合不全,心肺腹未见异常,Kernig征、Barbinski征阳性,脑脊液蛋白0.8g/L,糖2.24mmol/L(400mg/100ml),氯化物100mmol/L(585mg/dl),白细胞60×106/L(60/mm3),多核细胞45%,单核细胞55%。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "化脓性脑膜炎", "B": "病毒性脑膜脑炎", "C": "结核性脑膜炎", "D": "中毒性脑病"}, "answer": "结核性脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,19岁,车祸致伤,来院急诊。查体:神志朦胧、咯血、口鼻均有泥砂夹血外溢,呼吸困难、烦躁不安,左胸侧严重擦伤、肿胀,心率98次/分,血压120/90mmHg,四肢活动尚可,左大腿中下段中度肿胀,有瘀斑和严重擦伤。下述哪一项诊断可不予考虑?(  )", "options": {"A": "鼻骨骨折", "B": "肋骨骨折", "C": "左股骨骨折", "D": "血气胸"}, "answer": "左股骨骨折", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "细菌荚膜的主要功能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "耐热", "B": "抗氧化", "C": "阻止抗生素渗透", "D": "抗吞噬"}, "answer": "抗吞噬", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "人的心理实质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏的功能", "B": "思维的结果", "C": "脑的机能", "D": "对事物整体属性的反映"}, "answer": "脑的机能", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "诱导支气管平滑肌收缩主要的介质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "白三烯", "B": "IL-2", "C": "组胺", "D": "C3a"}, "answer": "白三烯", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列有关甲亢术前准备,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体位锻炼", "B": "术前备皮", "C": "继续服用他巴唑", "D": "禁烟"}, "answer": "继续服用他巴唑", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "婴儿百白破的基础免疫时间为产后(  )。", "options": {"A": "第3、4、5个月", "B": "第4、5、6个月", "C": "第5、6、7个月", "D": "第2、3、4个月"}, "answer": "第3、4、5个月", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女婴,8个月。新生儿期曾患肺炎,3个月时曾患化脓性脑膜炎,此后反复呼吸道感染。曾化验白细胞计数、分类、血红蛋白、血小板均正常,植物血凝素皮试反应阳性。对于进一步明确诊断,最有帮助的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "摄胸部正位片", "B": "淋巴细胞转化实验", "C": "骨髓检查", "D": "血清免疫球蛋白测定"}, "answer": "血清免疫球蛋白测定", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.以系统妄想为主要症状,内容较固定,有一定的现实基础,主要表现为被害、嫉妒、钟情等内容的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "偏执型分裂症", "B": "紧张型分裂症", "C": "妄想性障碍", "D": "急性短暂性精神障碍"}, "answer": "妄想性障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "能够与胆红素结合形成结合胆红素的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄糖醛酸", "B": "胆汁酸", "C": "胆素原", "D": "清蛋白"}, "answer": "葡萄糖醛酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.肺血少,右室压力高(  )。", "options": {"A": "室间隔缺损", "B": "房间隔缺损", "C": "动脉导管未闭", "D": "法洛四联症"}, "answer": "法洛四联症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.既能产生抗体又能提呈抗原的免疫细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B淋巴细胞", "B": "NK细胞", "C": "巨噬细胞", "D": "T细胞"}, "answer": "B淋巴细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "体育运动消耗大量ATP时,下列哪项叙述正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "ADP磷酸化,维持ATP与ADP比值不变", "B": "ADP减少,ATP与ADP比值增大,呼吸加快", "C": "ADP增加,ATP与ADP比值下降,呼吸加快", "D": "ADP减少,ATP与ADP比值恢复"}, "answer": "ADP增加,ATP与ADP比值下降,呼吸加快", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "成人,体重60kg,烧伤,于下午4时入急诊室。查体:意识清,能合作,心率100次/分,血压120/84mmHg,面部、胸、腹部,两前臂、两手及两小腿和足部Ⅱ、Ⅲ度烧伤。下午5时开始静脉输液,6时入手术室、清创,晚上8时送病房。3.烧伤后第一个24h应补给胶、晶体补液量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "6800ml", "B": "6200ml", "C": "5600m1", "D": "6000ml"}, "answer": "6200ml", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,36岁,右股骨上端疼痛20天。查体:右股骨上端肿胀、压痛,右髋关节活动受限。X线片:右股骨颈及转子下溶骨性骨破坏。3年前患乳癌,施乳癌根治术,局部无复发。3.最重要的辅助检查项目是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部X线检查", "B": "血生化检查", "C": "局部MRI检查", "D": "局部CT检查"}, "answer": "胸部X线检查", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "补体活化的MBL途径(  )。", "options": {"A": "从C3开始", "B": "MBL与C1q同源", "C": "激活依赖抗原抗体复合物", "D": "激活物为MBL和C反应蛋白"}, "answer": "激活物为MBL和C反应蛋白", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,25岁。心悸、气促、下肢水肿4年,视诊心脏负性心尖搏动,已排除粘连性心包炎,可发现下列哪项体征?(  )", "options": {"A": "心前区隆起", "B": "心音遥远", "C": "胸骨左缘触及收缩期震颤", "D": "交替脉"}, "answer": "心前区隆起", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性病人,15岁,近1个月来多尿,口渴多饮,消瘦,查空腹血糖18mmol/L,尿糖(++++),酮体(+);其母患糖尿病5年。查体:身高1.67m,体重45kg,心、肺、腹(-)。2.根据该病人情况,最好的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "短效胰岛素3次+中长效胰岛素", "B": "中长效胰岛素+磺脲类口服降糖药", "C": "磺脲类口服降糖药+双胍类口服降糖药", "D": "诺和灵30R+双胍类口服降糖药"}, "answer": "短效胰岛素3次+中长效胰岛素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于免疫应答的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "分为体液和细胞免疫应答两种类型", "B": "其结局总是对机体是有益的", "C": "有多种细胞及分子参与", "D": "在外周免疫器官中发生"}, "answer": "其结局总是对机体是有益的", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "可反映肝硬化患者肝功能的血清检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "γ-谷氨酰转肽酶", "B": "白蛋白", "C": "碱性磷酸酶", "D": "血红蛋白"}, "answer": "白蛋白", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.食物蛋白质的生物学价值最低的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大米", "B": "黄豆", "C": "鱼", "D": "鸡蛋"}, "answer": "大米", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "6个月男婴,高热、频繁呕吐1天,查体:面色青灰、两眼凝视、前囟隆起,心肺无异常,无脑膜刺激征。血象:WBC 16×109/L,N 0.90,L 0.10,患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上呼吸道感染", "B": "急性胃炎", "C": "化脓性脑膜炎", "D": "病毒性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "化脓性脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不是细菌侵袭性酶的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血浆凝固酶", "B": "链激酶", "C": "链道酶", "D": "溶菌酶"}, "answer": "溶菌酶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "新生儿生后1分钟检查,四肢青紫,心率110次/分,弹足底有皱眉动作,四肢略屈曲,呼吸不规则。其Apgar评分应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "2分", "B": "4分", "C": "5分", "D": "6分"}, "answer": "6分", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.同一种动物遗传结构不同个体之间的移植称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "自体移植", "B": "同种同基因移植", "C": "同种异基因移植", "D": "骨髓移植"}, "answer": "同种异基因移植", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "受交感神经和副交感神经双重支配的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "睫状肌", "B": "竖毛肌", "C": "肾上腺髓质", "D": "皮肤和肌肉血管"}, "answer": "睫状肌", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "正常调节每搏输出量多少的决定因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉回心血量", "B": "动脉血压", "C": "静脉血压", "D": "心率"}, "answer": "静脉回心血量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.作为医学伦理学基本范畴的良心指(  )。", "options": {"A": "医学关系中的主体对自己应尽义务的自我认知和评价", "B": "医学关系中的主体在道义上应履行的职责和使命", "C": "医学关系中的主体在道义上对周围人、事及自身的内心体验和感受", "D": "医学关系中的主体表现出行为前的周密思考和行为中的谨慎负责"}, "answer": "医学关系中的主体对自己应尽义务的自我认知和评价", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.SCL-90属(  )。", "options": {"A": "智力测验", "B": "人格测验问卷", "C": "评定量表", "D": "人格投射测验"}, "answer": "评定量表", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,46岁。有上腹隐痛不适伴嗳气、反酸3年余,加重3个月。行上消化道气钡双重造影检查,其结果见胃黏膜紊乱,有大小不一的龛影,周围皱襞中断,胃壁僵硬、蠕动减弱。2.提高胃癌治愈率的关键在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "术前、术中、术后化疗", "B": "早期诊断", "C": "手术切除彻底", "D": "综合治疗"}, "answer": "早期诊断", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,50岁。既往乙型肝炎病史20余年,今晨突发呕血,色鲜红,量约为1500ml,急至医院就诊,查体:BP 80/50mmHg,P 106次/分,面色苍白,四肢末梢凉,脾于肋下缘5cm,触及移动浊音(+),腹壁可见静脉曲张,至医院后患者又呕血一次,量约300ml。1.患者出血的原因可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "食管胃底静脉曲张破裂", "B": "脾亢进", "C": "脾破裂", "D": "肝内胆道出血"}, "answer": "食管胃底静脉曲张破裂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是参与溶血症的抗体?(  )", "options": {"A": "IgD", "B": "IgA", "C": "IgG", "D": "IgM"}, "answer": "IgG", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肺结核原发综合征的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病灶常为多结节性", "B": "原发灶、淋巴管炎及肺门淋巴结结核", "C": "肺内可有一个或多个空洞", "D": "病灶位于锁骨上、下"}, "answer": "原发灶、淋巴管炎及肺门淋巴结结核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,24岁,突然意识不清,跌倒,全身强直数秒钟后抽搐,咬破舌。2分钟后抽搐停止。醒后活动正常。3.治疗的首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溶栓治疗", "B": "止血药", "C": "扩血管药", "D": "抗癫痫药"}, "answer": "抗癫痫药", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.丘疹、水疱、结痂同时存在(  )。", "options": {"A": "幼儿急疹", "B": "风疹", "C": "猩红热", "D": "水痘"}, "answer": "水痘", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "可以全面描述正态分布资料特征的两个指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "均数和中位数", "B": "均数和标准差", "C": "中位数和方差", "D": "几何均数和标准差"}, "answer": "均数和标准差", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.Addison病(  )。", "options": {"A": "ACTH升高", "B": "醛固酮升高", "C": "尿VMA(+)", "D": "T3、T4升高"}, "answer": "ACTH升高", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在放线菌感染的病灶组织及脓样物质中,肉眼可见黄色小颗粒,其实质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "包涵体", "B": "组织中形成的菌落", "C": "异染颗粒", "D": "孢子"}, "answer": "组织中形成的菌落", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,36岁。因患子宫肌瘤在县医院接受手术治疗,术后患者因对手术效果不满意诉至法院。法院经审理认为医院存在《侵权责任法》规定的过错推定情形,判决医院败诉。该推定情形是(  )。", "options": {"A": "未尽到与当时医疗水平相应的诊疗义务", "B": "伪造病历资料", "C": "泄露患者隐私", "D": "限于当时的医疗水平难以诊疗"}, "answer": "伪造病历资料", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5.细菌L型(  )。", "options": {"A": "有细胞壁,且含肽聚糖", "B": "有细胞壁,不含肽聚糖、糖苷类和几丁质微原纤维", "C": "无细胞壁,细胞膜内含有胆固醇", "D": "原有细胞壁,现在失去细胞壁"}, "answer": "原有细胞壁,现在失去细胞壁", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.亚急性甲状腺炎可能是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "自身免疫性疾病", "B": "病毒感染", "C": "血钙降低", "D": "碘缺乏"}, "answer": "病毒感染", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,35岁,1年来反复出现腹泻,粪便糊状,结肠镜检查发现病变主要位于回肠末端,表现为多发的纵行溃疡,溃疡间粘膜正常,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结肠癌", "B": "溃疡性结肠炎", "C": "细菌性痢疾", "D": "克罗恩病"}, "answer": "克罗恩病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "超抗原能激活大量T细胞,约占T细胞库的(  )。", "options": {"A": "40%~80%", "B": "20%~40%", "C": "5%~20%", "D": "0.1%~0.5%"}, "answer": "5%~20%", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩,4岁,生长落后,活动后气促,查体:胸骨左缘第2~3肋间有3/6级收缩期喷射性杂音,P2亢进。X线片示右心房、右心室扩大。1.该患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "肺动脉狭窄"}, "answer": "房间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪一项符合M3特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "过氧化物酶阴性", "B": "非特异酯酶阴性", "C": "苏丹黑染色阴性", "D": "糖原PAS反应(+)或成块或颗粒状"}, "answer": "非特异酯酶阴性", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,35岁。便血并排便不尽感半月就诊,既往有内痔病史,首选的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大便潜血试验", "B": "直肠指检", "C": "直肠镜检", "D": "结肠镜检"}, "answer": "直肠指检", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "社区获得的细菌性肺炎,常见的病原菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎链球菌", "B": "流感嗜血杆菌", "C": "军团菌", "D": "结核菌"}, "answer": "肺炎链球菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不是干扰素的特性的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗病毒有种属特异性", "B": "具有广谱抗病毒作用", "C": "具有直接杀病毒作用", "D": "病毒感染后早期出现"}, "answer": "具有直接杀病毒作用", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.用于浸润性肺结核的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素+链霉素", "B": "苯唑西林+庆大霉素", "C": "青霉素G+磺胺嘧啶", "D": "异烟肼+链霉素"}, "answer": "异烟肼+链霉素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.细菌性痢疾的好发部位(  )。", "options": {"A": "空肠", "B": "回盲部", "C": "乙状结肠", "D": "全结肠"}, "answer": "乙状结肠", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是地高辛治疗心房纤颤的主要作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "直接降低心房的兴奋性", "B": "降低浦肯野纤维的自律性", "C": "减慢房室传导", "D": "缩短心房有效不应期"}, "answer": "减慢房室传导", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "胃十二指肠急性穿孔最易形成(  )。", "options": {"A": "右膈下脓肿", "B": "左膈下脓肿", "C": "盆腔脓肿", "D": "肠间脓肿"}, "answer": "右膈下脓肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.小胶质细胞包围吞噬神经元(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋巴血管套", "B": "卫星现象", "C": "嗜神经细胞现象", "D": "软化灶"}, "answer": "嗜神经细胞现象", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,31岁。因低热、咳嗽、痰中带血1月余,诊断为左上肺肺结核,现正规抗结核治疗(2HRZE/4HR)已4个月,近1周来纳差,肝功能检查示ALT较正常升高4倍。此时应采取的最佳措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "加用护肝药", "B": "停抗结核药物", "C": "改用HE+链霉素", "D": "改用HE+左氧氟沙星"}, "answer": "停抗结核药物", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.细菌大量入血并繁殖称(  )。", "options": {"A": "败血症", "B": "毒血症", "C": "内毒素血症", "D": "脓毒血症"}, "answer": "败血症", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,18岁,腰痛,近期出现右膝痛,父亲有类似病史,最首先选择的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰椎X线片", "B": "骶髂关节X线片", "C": "双肾CT", "D": "腹部B超"}, "answer": "骶髂关节X线片", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,46岁,投资顾问。因社交焦虑接受心理治疗,在心理治疗师的帮助下焦虑明显改善。患者心存感激,欲将掌握的投资信息告知心理治疗师以作报答,但被婉言谢绝。在此治疗关系中,该心理治疗师遵循的原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "保密性", "B": "正式性", "C": "单向性", "D": "时限性"}, "answer": "单向性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.转为慢性肝炎比例最高的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲型肝炎病毒", "B": "丙型肝炎病毒", "C": "丁型肝炎病毒", "D": "戊型肝炎病毒"}, "answer": "丙型肝炎病毒", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "细菌性痢疾的传播途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "虫媒传播", "B": "消化道", "C": "呼吸道", "D": "血液"}, "answer": "消化道", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,4岁,诊断为单纯性肾病,泼尼松治疗不规律,反复出现水肿,自病后一直低盐饮食,近日来精神委靡,嗜睡,且浮肿加重,血压70/40mmHg。最可能发生(  )。", "options": {"A": "低钾血症", "B": "低钠血症", "C": "低钙血症", "D": "低镁血症"}, "answer": "低钠血症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,77岁,为慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)肺气肿型患者。近年来轻微活动即感气急,咳嗽轻,咳痰少。血气分析:PaO2 9.3kPa(70mmHg),PaCO2 4.8kPa(36mmHg)。1.该患者病情发展已出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭", "B": "低氧血症", "C": "高碳酸血症", "D": "正常"}, "answer": "低氧血症", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女孩,8岁。发热、关节肿痛2周。查体:皮肤出现环形红斑,心率120次/分,奔马律。实验室检查提示血沉增快。经治疗,上述症状、体征消失。预防复发的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "忌海鲜", "B": "减少体育运动", "C": "长效青霉素肌注", "D": "避免关节损伤"}, "answer": "长效青霉素肌注", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿支气管肺炎,WHO推荐的第一线抗生素不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "复方新诺明", "B": "氨苄青霉素", "C": "羟氨苄青霉素", "D": "红霉素"}, "answer": "红霉素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,42岁,5天前入院,诊为肾综合征出血热,近日尿量增多3000ml/d,今晨自述乏力、腹胀、心慌,与该情况关系最大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾功不全", "B": "低血钾", "C": "低血糖", "D": "高钠血症"}, "answer": "低血钾", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,28岁,因江水泛滥,饮用江水,突然出现剧烈腹泻,随后呕吐,由水样物转为“米泔水”样物,诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性细菌性痢疾", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌胃肠炎", "C": "大肠杆菌性肠炎", "D": "霍乱"}, "answer": "霍乱", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪项对重型肝炎诊断价值最小?(  )", "options": {"A": "血清ALT", "B": "凝血酶原时间及活动度明显异常", "C": "血清胆碱酯酶活性明显降低", "D": "血清胆红素明显升高"}, "answer": "血清ALT", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "6个月患儿,腹泻、水样便,每天10余次,为稀水样便。今日病儿昏睡,呼吸深快,尿量极少,四肢厥冷。二氧化碳结合力8mmol/L,血钾4.0mmol/L,血钠140mmol/L。2.该患儿第一天补液首选下述哪一种液体?(  )", "options": {"A": "2:1液", "B": "2:6:1含钠液860ml", "C": "2:3:1含钠液860ml", "D": "5%碳酸氢钠360ml"}, "answer": "2:1液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "烫伤受下列哪一种细菌感染易造成全身剥皮症状?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺炎双球菌", "B": "大肠杆菌", "C": "白喉杆菌", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者男性,8岁,额部多发性疖肿,未治疗,红肿、扩大,弛张性高热,4天后臀部皮下又发现一肿块,疼痛、压痛明显,且有波动感。2.应考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "败血症", "B": "菌血症", "C": "毒血症", "D": "脓毒血症"}, "answer": "脓毒血症", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医院获得性肺炎中,病原体进入肺组织引发肺炎最主要感染途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "飞沫(气溶胶)吸入", "B": "血源性播散", "C": "胃食管反流物误吸", "D": "口咽部分泌物吸入"}, "answer": "口咽部分泌物吸入", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小肝癌是指肿块长径小于等于(  )。", "options": {"A": "1cm", "B": "3cm", "C": "4cm", "D": "5cm"}, "answer": "5cm", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5岁男孩,低热,干咳,皮肤结节性红斑,疱疹性结膜炎,多发性一过性关节炎及颈淋巴结肿大常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "传染性单核细胞增多症", "B": "类风湿关节炎", "C": "原发性肺结核", "D": "川崎病"}, "answer": "川崎病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "术前常规禁食的主要目的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "防止围手术期的呕吐及误吸", "B": "防止术后腹胀", "C": "防止术后肠麻痹", "D": "防止术后便秘"}, "answer": "防止围手术期的呕吐及误吸", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者男性,60岁,足刺伤10天。头痛、乏力、张口困难及颈项强直,伤口红肿。应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "气性坏疽", "B": "破伤风", "C": "脑血栓", "D": "牙周炎"}, "answer": "破伤风", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初孕妇,36岁,孕37周。日常家务劳动后感心悸、胸闷,休息后缓解。近2日夜间常因胸闷而憋醒。检查:P 115次/min,呼吸22次/min,心尖区可闻及3级收缩期杂音,心界向左侧扩大,肺可闻及低而持续性湿啰音,咳嗽后不消失,下肢水肿(+)。1.该患者心功能分级为(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅰ级", "B": "Ⅱ级", "C": "Ⅲ级", "D": "Ⅳ级"}, "answer": "Ⅲ级", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "营养性缺铁性贫血,多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "3~4个月小儿", "B": "6~24个月小儿", "C": "2岁~3岁小儿", "D": "2岁~6岁小儿"}, "answer": "6~24个月小儿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "8个月男婴,反复2次皮肤脓疱疹,伴发热5天,近1天呕吐,呈喷射状,且抽搐1次,诊断为化脓性脑膜炎,给大剂量青霉素治疗7天后停药。近几日发现头围增大,前囟门隆起,叩诊头颅呈破壶声,两眼球向下看似落日。应考虑诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "并发脑室管膜炎", "B": "并发脑积水", "C": "并发脑脓肿", "D": "发生了颅内肿瘤"}, "answer": "并发脑积水", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "产生抗药性最强的胰岛素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "牛胰岛素", "B": "单组分胰岛素", "C": "单峰胰岛素", "D": "人胰岛素"}, "answer": "牛胰岛素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿6岁,跌倒时手掌着地,查体:肘关节半屈状,肘部明显肿胀及压痛,皮下有瘀斑,呈向外突出畸形,桡动脉搏动减弱,肘后三角存在,被动伸指时有剧疼痛。2.该患者正确的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尺骨鹰嘴牵引", "B": "立即切开筋膜减压", "C": "手法复位,石膏托固定", "D": "臂丛麻醉或应用血管扩张剂无效后,手术探查肱动脉,同时行骨折复位,内固定"}, "answer": "臂丛麻醉或应用血管扩张剂无效后,手术探查肱动脉,同时行骨折复位,内固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,42岁,1年前与丈夫感情突然变坏,常失眠,感到全身不适,认为丈夫在食物中放了毒药暗害她,故吃饭时总是让丈夫先吃,而后她再吃。某次吃饭时要和丈夫交换饭碗,并说:“试验试验你。”之后抱着孩子哭了起来,说:“妈妈舍不得你呀!”认为鸡蛋中有辣味,饭里放了药使她泻肚子。2.病人有无幻觉,属于哪一种?(  )", "options": {"A": "幻味", "B": "幻听", "C": "内脏幻觉", "D": "没有幻觉"}, "answer": "幻味", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者男性,65岁,因肺癌行右下肺叶切除,术后送重症监护室,胸腔闭引流通畅。术后2小时观察引流血性液约400ml左右,患者血压100/70mmHg,心率102次/分,此时最佳的处理措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "视引流量增加输液、输血量", "B": "大量止血药物使用", "C": "增加抗生素用量,防止感染", "D": "重返手术室手术止血"}, "answer": "重返手术室手术止血", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.属三羧酸循环中的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "NADH脱氢酶", "B": "丙酮酸脱氢酶", "C": "苹果酸脱氢酶", "D": "6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶"}, "answer": "苹果酸脱氢酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一建筑工人由高空坠落,左枕着地,伤后出现进行性意识障碍,右侧瞳孔逐渐散大,诊断应首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "左枕部急性硬脑膜外血肿", "B": "右侧额颞极挫裂伤伴硬脑膜下血肿", "C": "左侧额颞部脑挫裂伤", "D": "小脑血肿"}, "answer": "右侧额颞极挫裂伤伴硬脑膜下血肿", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,18岁。近几个月来常因琐事与父母发生激烈争吵,闷闷不乐,被诊断为抑郁症而入院治疗。两周后,其父母去探视,患者起初表现出既想见又不想见的矛盾心理,但最终还是决定拒绝见其父母。医生根据病情同意了患者的决定。2.是否允许患者父母探视应首先遵循的伦理原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "协同一致原则", "B": "患者家属自主原则", "C": "患者利益至上原则", "D": "公益原则"}, "answer": "患者利益至上原则", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "青年患者,患胸椎结核,经1年抗结核治疗未见好转,近1个月有截瘫趋势,其治疗应选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "继续抗结核药物+石膏床固定", "B": "施行胸椎病灶清除及椎管减压术", "C": "施行胸椎融合术", "D": "采用椎管内注射链霉素,每日1次,共3个月"}, "answer": "施行胸椎病灶清除及椎管减压术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,30岁,深Ⅱ度烧伤面积10%,Ⅲ度烧伤面积30%,伤后注射止痛针后转院治疗,途中1小时,入院查体:血压70/40mmHg,脉率130次/分。4.当病人经3天治疗后情况逐渐稳定,下一步要考虑的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "加大抗生素剂量,预防创面感染", "B": "有计划安排分期切除焦痂及削痂,植异体皮嵌入自体皮", "C": "立即一次切除全部焦痂及削去所有深Ⅱ度坏死组织,植自体皮", "D": "尽一切努力保护焦痂及痂皮,等待蚕蚀脱落并植自体皮"}, "answer": "有计划安排分期切除焦痂及削痂,植异体皮嵌入自体皮", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪项是轻度慢性肝炎的特征性病变?(  )", "options": {"A": "大片状坏死", "B": "亚大片状坏死", "C": "碎片状坏死", "D": "灶状坏死"}, "answer": "碎片状坏死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪项是慢性支气管炎最常见的并发症?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺炎", "B": "肺气肿", "C": "肺脓肿", "D": "肺肉质变"}, "answer": "肺气肿", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于新生儿肾小管吸收和分泌功能,以下错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿的肾糖阈较低", "B": "新生儿的肾排钠能力较强", "C": "未成熟儿肾保钠能力差", "D": "生后10天内肾排钾能力较差"}, "answer": "新生儿的肾排钠能力较强", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,65岁。不规则阴道流血1年余,有高血压,糖尿病史3年,BMI 28,B超发现宫腔内2.0cm×2.5cm占位性病变,有丰富血液,血流阻力指数为0.36。如宫腔内膜活检确诊后,首选的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生物治疗", "B": "手术治疗", "C": "激素治疗", "D": "化学药物治疗"}, "answer": "手术治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对不符合医师执业注册条件不予注册的,申请人有异议的(  )。", "options": {"A": "只能申请复议", "B": "只能向人民法院起诉", "C": "可随时申请复议或向人民法院起诉", "D": "可自收到不予注册通知之日起15日内,申请复议或向人民法院起诉"}, "answer": "可自收到不予注册通知之日起15日内,申请复议或向人民法院起诉", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列不符合致病性大肠杆菌肠炎特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大便有腥臭昧", "B": "有脱水、酸中毒", "C": "常有脓血便", "D": "夏季高发"}, "answer": "常有脓血便", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,31岁,初孕妇。妊娠34周。查体:T 36.5℃,P 90次/分,R 18次/分,BP 120/80mmHg。叩诊心浊音界稍向左扩大,心尖部闻及2/6级收缩期吹风样杂音。踝部轻度水肿。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "围生期心肌病", "B": "妊娠期高血压疾病性心脏病", "C": "原发性心肌病合并妊娠", "D": "正常妊娠改变"}, "answer": "正常妊娠改变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "血氨升高的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "食入蛋白质过多", "B": "食入蛋白质不足", "C": "肝功能障碍", "D": "肾功能障碍"}, "answer": "肝功能障碍", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于汗液的叙述,下列错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "汗液的主要成分为水分", "B": "汗液的渗透压高于血浆", "C": "汗液中的Na+浓度受醛固酮调节", "D": "汗液中不含蛋白质"}, "answer": "汗液的渗透压高于血浆", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,48岁。发作性剑突下及右上腹绞痛3天,伴有寒战,半年前有过类似发作史。查体:体温39℃,脉搏110次/分,血压140/85mmHg,血常规检查:WBC 12×109/L,N 80%,神志清楚,皮肤、巩膜轻度黄染,右肋缘下扪及肿大的胆囊、触痛。4.该病人此时最有效的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆总管切开减压、T管引流", "B": "联合应用大剂量抗生素", "C": "补液、恢复血容量", "D": "给予糖皮质激素"}, "answer": "胆总管切开减压、T管引流", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男性。50岁,1个月前因右股骨干骨折行内固定术,起床时突然晕厥,持续约20分钟。查体:血压80/50mmHg,脉搏120次/min,右肺下呼吸音弱,D-二聚体790μg/L,诊断急性肺栓塞。3.确诊急性肺血栓栓塞症最常见的无创检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "深静脉B超", "B": "CTPA", "C": "MRI肺动脉造影", "D": "肺通气/血流灌注扫描"}, "answer": "CTPA", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是对细菌和结核杆菌感染都有效的药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "氨苄西林", "B": "乙胺丁醇", "C": "利福平", "D": "异烟肼"}, "answer": "利福平", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,23岁。间断上腹痛2年,2天来柏油样便6次,今晨呕咖啡样物200mL。无肝病史。静脉输液后下一步诊治措施首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "急诊胃镜及镜下止血", "B": "腹部B型超声检查", "C": "外科手术", "D": "输血"}, "answer": "急诊胃镜及镜下止血", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "重型病毒性肝炎出血的最主要病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血小板减少", "B": "毛细血管脆性增加", "C": "凝血因子合成减少", "D": "骨髓造血功能受抑制"}, "answer": "凝血因子合成减少", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.前壁心肌梗死并发短阵室性心动过速(  )。", "options": {"A": "地尔硫", "B": "洋地黄", "C": "阿托品", "D": "利多卡因"}, "answer": "利多卡因", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男。48岁。突发呼吸困难3小时,无发热、咳嗽、胸痛等。查体:R 26次/min,BP 120/75mmHg,颈静脉充盈,双肺呼吸音清晰,P2>A2。胸骨左缘第5肋间可闻及2/6级收缩期杂音。双下肢无水肿。该患者呼吸困难最可能的原因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "心力衰竭", "B": "肺动脉栓塞", "C": "急性心肌炎", "D": "急性心包炎"}, "answer": "肺动脉栓塞", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述除哪一项外能抑制铁的吸收?(  )", "options": {"A": "蛋类", "B": "咖啡", "C": "维生素C", "D": "菠菜"}, "answer": "维生素C", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,重体力劳动工人,腰腿痛,并向左下肢放散,咳嗽、喷嚏时加重。检查腰部活动明显受限,并向左倾斜,直腿抬高试验阳性。病程中无低热、盗汗、消瘦症状。2.如有小腿及足外侧麻木,足趾跖屈力及跟腱反射弱,病变的节段应考虑是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰1~2", "B": "腰3~4", "C": "腰4~5", "D": "腰5~骶1"}, "answer": "腰5~骶1", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,60岁,活动中突感眩晕、枕部疼痛,呕吐,步行不稳,20分钟后昏迷,呼吸节律不整,诊断为脑出血,其部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "基底节", "B": "脑颞叶", "C": "脑桥", "D": "小脑"}, "answer": "小脑", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,32岁。购物时感头晕,恶心,乏力,随即意识消失,摔倒在地,约1分钟自行苏醒,无大小便失禁,无遗留意识或肢体功能障碍。其意识丧失最可能的病因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "分离(转换)性障碍", "B": "低血糖症", "C": "短暂性脑缺血发作", "D": "心律失常"}, "answer": "短暂性脑缺血发作", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为有机磷杀虫药中毒的原理?(  )", "options": {"A": "胆碱酯酶失活", "B": "交感神经兴奋", "C": "磷酰化胆碱酯酶减少", "D": "肝功能受损"}, "answer": "胆碱酯酶失活", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "影响传染病流行的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "自然环境的温度和湿度", "B": "自然因素和社会因素", "C": "经济收入的高低", "D": "文化水平的高低"}, "answer": "自然因素和社会因素", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "临床心理评估是心理治疗和心理咨询的(  )。", "options": {"A": "前提", "B": "依据", "C": "效果判定", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "当呼吸肌完全松弛时,肺容量与下列哪项相等?(  )", "options": {"A": "余气量", "B": "肺活量", "C": "补呼气量", "D": "功能余气量"}, "answer": "功能余气量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医生问:“你哪里不舒服?”病人回答:“我姓王,下雨了,做牛做马,心里好苦,要帮助好人做事……”,此属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "思维贫乏", "B": "思维破裂", "C": "思维奔逸", "D": "病理性赘述"}, "answer": "思维破裂", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "弥漫性膜增生性肾小球肾炎时,增生的细胞主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球脏层细胞和中性粒细胞", "B": "肾小球壁层细胞和系膜细胞", "C": "肾小球毛细血管基底膜增厚和系膜细胞增生", "D": "肾小球各种细胞均有较明显增生"}, "answer": "肾小球毛细血管基底膜增厚和系膜细胞增生", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "阿司匹林解热作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制环氧酶(COX),减少PG合成", "B": "抑制下丘脑体温调节中枢", "C": "药物对体温调节中枢的直接作用", "D": "中和内毒素"}, "answer": "抑制环氧酶(COX),减少PG合成", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,60岁。右阴囊可复性肿物14年,不能还纳1天,伴呕吐。停止排气、排便。查体:心率108次/min,血压150/105mnHg,右阴囊肿大,压痛明显,腹膨隆,肠鸣音亢进,白细胞14×109/L,中性0.85。对该患者的最佳处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即剖腹探查", "B": "急诊室留观", "C": "止痛,抗炎", "D": "急做腹股沟疝探查,并作肠切除准备"}, "answer": "急做腹股沟疝探查,并作肠切除准备", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "属于子宫内膜癌ⅡA期的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病变侵犯肌层>1/2", "B": "累及宫颈黏膜腺体", "C": "癌累及阴道上1/3段", "D": "病变侵犯浆膜和(或)附件"}, "answer": "累及宫颈黏膜腺体", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.DIC高凝血期(  )。", "options": {"A": "血小板增加", "B": "纤维蛋白原降低", "C": "PT缩短", "D": "3P试验(+)"}, "answer": "PT缩短", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,19岁。被人踢伤腹部,腹痛8小时,尿少2小时。查体:BP 68/50mmHg,意识模糊,面色苍白,四肢厥冷,脉搏细速,全腹压痛,有肌紧张,反跳痛(+),移动性浊音(+)。该患者目前的病情为(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经源性休克", "B": "心源性休克", "C": "感染性休克", "D": "低血容量性休克"}, "answer": "低血容量性休克", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.麻疹早期可见(  )。", "options": {"A": "黏膜疹", "B": "玫瑰疹", "C": "红丘疹", "D": "水疱疹"}, "answer": "黏膜疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎在下列哪个年龄组发病率最高?(  )", "options": {"A": "新生儿", "B": "6个月~5岁", "C": "5~10岁", "D": "青壮年"}, "answer": "6个月~5岁", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.细菌的荚膜多糖(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸腺非依赖性抗原", "B": "自身抗原", "C": "同种异型抗原", "D": "超抗原"}, "answer": "胸腺非依赖性抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.肝炎时,肝细胞变性肿胀(  )。", "options": {"A": "黄疸", "B": "出血", "C": "血SGPT升高", "D": "肝区疼痛"}, "answer": "肝区疼痛", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "恶性淋巴瘤确诊依据为(  )。", "options": {"A": "典型的临床表现", "B": "淋巴结病理学诊断", "C": "淋巴结穿刺", "D": "血清学检查"}, "answer": "淋巴结病理学诊断", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新斯的明不能用于治疗下列哪一种疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "重症肌无力", "B": "手术后腹气胀", "C": "前列腺肥大引起的尿潴留", "D": "筒箭毒碱中毒"}, "answer": "筒箭毒碱中毒", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,30岁,半小时前从高处坠下,右股骨下端肿痛,腹部疼痛。查体:神志淡漠,股骨下端有成角畸形。1.该患应首先检查哪一项(  )。", "options": {"A": "右股骨下端有无反常活动", "B": "生命体征的检查", "C": "诊断性腹腔穿刺", "D": "检查有无足背动脉搏动"}, "answer": "生命体征的检查", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "足月新生儿,臀位产,生后1min、5min、10min Apgar评分分别为4、6、8分。生后12h,小儿烦躁,肢体抖动,体检:体温正常,前囟饱满,肌张力增高,双眼凝视,瞳孔等大,心、肺听诊正常,血白细胞数11.0×109/L,N 0.65;血钙2.4mmol/L,血糖2.5mmol/L。3.若该患儿入院10h后四肢抽搐,心率每分钟100次/min。下列处理不妥的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氧吸人", "B": "立即做腰椎穿刺", "C": "立即静注苯巴比妥钠", "D": "清除咽部分泌物"}, "answer": "清除咽部分泌物", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性溶血的开始症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰背及四肢酸痛、头痛、呕吐、寒战、高热等", "B": "昏迷", "C": "休克", "D": "肾功能衰竭"}, "answer": "腰背及四肢酸痛、头痛、呕吐、寒战、高热等", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "治疗休克和急性肾功能衰竭最好选用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多巴胺", "B": "间羟胺", "C": "多巴酚丁胺", "D": "阿托品"}, "answer": "多巴胺", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.大部分磺胺类药物在肝脏灭活所进行的反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硫酸结合反应", "B": "酰基化反应", "C": "NADPH", "D": "MEOS"}, "answer": "酰基化反应", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "幼儿,1岁,高热4天后热退疹出,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹", "B": "水痘", "C": "猩红热", "D": "幼儿急疹"}, "answer": "幼儿急疹", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者女性,27岁。右胫腓骨开放性骨折,清创,复位,石膏外固定。术后第二天出现高热,伤口剧烈疼痛,有大量渗出液,味臭,化验:血常规WBC18.0×109/L,N92%。X线片显示右小腿皮下有气体,拆除石膏,局部触诊有握雪感。诊断首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤口化脓性感染", "B": "骨折端血肿形成", "C": "局部组织坏死", "D": "气性坏疽"}, "answer": "气性坏疽", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,40岁。血吸虫性肝硬化伴严重脾肿大及血小板减少,有上消化道出血史,胃镜示食管静脉重度曲张。该病人的最佳治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "门腔静脉分流术", "B": "脾肾静脉分流术", "C": "脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术", "D": "曲张静脉套扎术"}, "answer": "脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男性,35岁。2周前感冒后发寒、发热、咳嗽,1周前咳大量黄色脓性痰,痰中带血,经青霉素、头孢噻肟等治疗无效。体检:体温40℃,呼吸急促,双肺中下闻及湿啰音。血白细胞计数25×109/L,中性粒细胞90%。X线胸片显示双肺中下斑片状实变阴影,并有多个脓肿和肺气囊肿。本例诊断应首先考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄球菌肺炎", "B": "克雷伯杆菌肺炎", "C": "支原体肺炎", "D": "干酪样肺炎"}, "answer": "葡萄球菌肺炎", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,68岁,20年前有“肝功能异常”史,高血压15年,1年前患心肌梗死,突发呕血500mL,黑便2次,共500g。查体:血压110/70mmHg,脉搏96次/mm,巩膜明显黄染,腹部膨隆,腹部移动性浊音阳性。1.可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化性溃疡出血", "B": "食管静脉曲张破裂出血", "C": "胃癌出血", "D": "食管癌出血"}, "answer": "食管静脉曲张破裂出血", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "阵发性室上性心动过速首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "维拉帕米", "B": "尼卡地平", "C": "硝苯地平", "D": "地尔硫"}, "answer": "维拉帕米", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.评定焦虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "MMPI", "B": "SAS", "C": "SDS", "D": "TAT"}, "answer": "SAS", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "心输出量是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "每分钟由一侧心室所射出的血量", "B": "每分钟由心房所射出的血量", "C": "心脏每搏动一次,由一侧心室所射出的血量", "D": "心脏每搏动一次,由左、右心室所射出的血量"}, "answer": "每分钟由一侧心室所射出的血量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "子痫前期与妊娠期高血压的主要鉴别是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有无高血压的病史", "B": "高血压出现的孕周", "C": "有无蛋白尿", "D": "血小板计数"}, "answer": "有无蛋白尿", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.微需氧菌(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核分枝杆菌", "B": "空肠弯曲菌", "C": "产气荚膜杆菌", "D": "噬菌体"}, "answer": "空肠弯曲菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,56岁。陈旧前壁心肌梗死1年。糖尿病病史3年,无高血压病史,有吸烟史。查体:BP 130/80mmHg,心率67次/分,律齐。该患者血低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的治疗目标值是低于(  )。", "options": {"A": "3.11mmol/L", "B": "2.59mmol/L", "C": "4.14mmol/L", "D": "2.07mmol/L"}, "answer": "2.07mmol/L", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,38岁,病人自称有特异功能,看到自己身后站着一个人,并且听到这个人表扬自己的声音,这真是“远在天边,近在脑内”。该症状属(  )。", "options": {"A": "定向障碍", "B": "幻视", "C": "真性幻觉", "D": "假性幻觉"}, "answer": "假性幻觉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "新生儿败血症有价值的诊断依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高热", "B": "白细胞总数增加", "C": "血培养阳性", "D": "皮疹明显"}, "answer": "血培养阳性", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述激素中哪种是类固醇激素?(  )", "options": {"A": "促甲状腺素", "B": "肾上腺皮质激素", "C": "血管紧张素Ⅱ", "D": "前列腺素"}, "answer": "肾上腺皮质激素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "维生素A缺乏时引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "脚气病", "B": "夜盲症", "C": "坏血病", "D": "佝偻病"}, "answer": "夜盲症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "上消化道大出血最常见的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃十二指肠溃疡", "B": "门静脉高压症", "C": "应激性溃疡", "D": "胆道出血"}, "answer": "胃十二指肠溃疡", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "13岁女性,2年前起病,于生气后突然大叫一声,随之倒地呼之不应,牙关紧闭,双眼上视,头颈后仰,四肢抽搐,无二便失禁,无舌咬伤。发作停止后对整个过程不能回忆,未给予特殊处置,照常上学。2个月后于夜间入睡后又出现抽搐,有小便失禁。抽搐停止后,突然起床冲出门外,无目的漫游,呼之不应,冲动毁物,持续2小时后恢复清醒,对经过全无记忆。此后反复有类似发作,平均每月3次。2.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癔症", "B": "神经症", "C": "癫痫", "D": "脑肿瘤所致精神障碍"}, "answer": "癫痫", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,64岁。因阵发性胸闷9年,持续胸痛7小时收入院。入院时血压为150/90mmHg,诊断急性前壁心肌梗死。2.此时最具特征性的实验室改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清GOT上升", "B": "血清GPT上升", "C": "血清CK-MB上升", "D": "白蛋白下降"}, "answer": "血清CK-MB上升", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于判断组织器官灌流不足,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "皮肤苍白", "B": "收缩压<90mmHg", "C": "中心静脉压6~8cmH2O(0.59~0.78kPa)", "D": "尿量<30ml/h"}, "answer": "中心静脉压6~8cmH2O(0.59~0.78kPa)", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "原发性肺结核病,结核杆菌播散的主要途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋巴道或血道", "B": "直接蔓延", "C": "支气管播散", "D": "消化道播散"}, "answer": "淋巴道或血道", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "无偿献血的血液用途,应符合以下哪项规定?(  )", "options": {"A": "在保证临床用血的前提下,可以出售给单采血浆站", "B": "在保证临床用血的前提下,可以出售给血液制品生产单位", "C": "必须用于临床", "D": "由卫生行政部门根据情况确定"}, "answer": "必须用于临床", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列非霍奇金淋巴瘤预后最差的类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小淋巴细胞性", "B": "滤泡性小裂细胞为主", "C": "弥漫性小裂细胞性", "D": "淋巴母细胞性淋巴瘤"}, "answer": "淋巴母细胞性淋巴瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "ATⅡ受体抑制剂是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尼莫地平", "B": "硝苯地平", "C": "氨氯地平", "D": "氯沙坦"}, "answer": "氯沙坦", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "A型行为性格与下列哪种疾病有关?(  )", "options": {"A": "溃疡病", "B": "风心病", "C": "冠心病", "D": "癌症"}, "answer": "冠心病", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性CO中毒,下述哪一项治疗是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "鼻管吸氧,严重者高压氧舱疗法", "B": "脱离现场,转移到空气新鲜的地方", "C": "防治肺水肿", "D": "首先注射苏醒剂"}, "answer": "首先注射苏醒剂", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于上下运动神经元的定位诊断错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮层运动区病变可引起单瘫或Jackson癫痫", "B": "内囊区的运动纤维最集中,小病变足以引起对侧肢体严重的瘫痪", "C": "脑干病变引起对侧脑运动神经核周围性瘫痪,对侧肢体中枢性瘫痪", "D": "脊髓半切性损害时,表现受损平面以下同侧肢体痉挛性瘫、深感觉障碍及对侧痛温觉障碍"}, "answer": "脑干病变引起对侧脑运动神经核周围性瘫痪,对侧肢体中枢性瘫痪", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "通过蛋白激酶A(PKA)通路发挥作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺素", "B": "心钠素", "C": "肾上腺素", "D": "雌激素"}, "answer": "肾上腺素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "所有骨髓均为红骨髓见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "1周岁", "B": "2周岁", "C": "3周岁", "D": "5周岁"}, "answer": "5周岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "弥漫性系膜细胞和基质增生", "B": "基底膜和上皮细胞间有驼峰状或小丘状致密物质沉积", "C": "弥漫性肾小球内大量新月体或环状体形成", "D": "是肾病综合征的重要原因"}, "answer": "基底膜和上皮细胞间有驼峰状或小丘状致密物质沉积", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.大叶性肺炎渗出物清除不完全时可并发(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺肉质变", "B": "肺脓肿", "C": "早期肺门淋巴结病变", "D": "蜂窝肺"}, "answer": "肺肉质变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.能发出“爸爸”“妈妈”等复音的月龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "4个月", "B": "6个月", "C": "7个月", "D": "8个月"}, "answer": "7个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对心肌收缩力抑制作用最强的钙拮抗剂是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尼群地平", "B": "尼莫地平", "C": "地尔硫卓", "D": "维拉帕米"}, "answer": "维拉帕米", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.患者男性,35岁。颜面、颈、双手火焰烧伤后3个月,创面已愈合,颜面明显瘢痕增生,双眼睑外翻,不能闭合。欲行双眼睑瘢痕松解植皮术,应选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "中厚皮片移植", "B": "全层皮片移植", "C": "带真皮下浅层血管网的超厚皮片移植", "D": "皮瓣移植"}, "answer": "全层皮片移植", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "苯丙酮尿症的遗传形式为(  )。", "options": {"A": "常染色体显性遗传", "B": "常染色体隐性遗传", "C": "X连锁显性遗传", "D": "X连锁隐性遗传"}, "answer": "常染色体隐性遗传", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性糜烂出血性胃炎的常见病因不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "非甾体抗炎药", "B": "脑外伤", "C": "乙醇", "D": "幽门螺杆菌感染"}, "answer": "幽门螺杆菌感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.5岁男孩,发热、咳嗽、气促1周,突然呼吸困难加重。查体:体温39.5℃,心率161次/分,呼吸62次/分,左胸部呼吸运动受限,语颤减弱,叩诊浊音,听诊呼吸音消失,腹部平坦,肝在肋下1.5cm。根据病例诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎合并心衰", "B": "肺炎合并中毒性脑病", "C": "肺炎合并脓胸", "D": "肺炎合并脓气胸"}, "answer": "肺炎合并脓胸", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.支气管哮喘患者发生Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭最主要的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺泡通气量下降", "B": "通气/血流比例失衡", "C": "弥散性功能障碍", "D": "肺内分流"}, "answer": "肺泡通气量下降", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女孩,9个月。秋季发病,腹泻轻咳2天入院,大便10次/日,蛋花汤样。大便镜检:白细胞2~3/HP,大便细菌培养阴性。血常规:WBC 7.5×109/L,除轻度脱水征外,无其他异常。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "轮状病毒肠炎", "B": "细菌性痢疾", "C": "真菌性肠炎", "D": "致病性大肠埃希菌肠炎"}, "answer": "轮状病毒肠炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "结核病患儿,出现结节性红斑或疱疹性结膜炎及一过性多发性关节炎,常表示有(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性结核", "B": "继发性结核", "C": "皮肤结核", "D": "血行播散性结核"}, "answer": "原发性结核", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "临床上最容易发生嵌顿的疝是(  )。", "options": {"A": "白线疝", "B": "腹股沟斜疝", "C": "股疝", "D": "腹股沟直疝"}, "answer": "股疝", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于苯丙胺类药物药理作用叙述不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "具强烈的中枢神经兴奋作用", "B": "中等剂量可致舒适感或情感抑郁", "C": "不易产生躯体依赖", "D": "不易产生精神依赖"}, "answer": "不易产生精神依赖", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "风湿热最常见的皮肤损害是(  )。", "options": {"A": "环形红斑", "B": "蝶状红斑", "C": "多形红斑", "D": "圆形红斑"}, "answer": "环形红斑", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列有关密码的叙述不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "密码无标点符号", "B": "密码有简并性", "C": "密码有通用性", "D": "蛋白质中的氨基酸均有相应密码"}, "answer": "蛋白质中的氨基酸均有相应密码", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "DNA连接酶的催化作用在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "解开双螺旋", "B": "解开超螺旋", "C": "连接DNA链3’-0H末端与另一DNA链的5’-P末端", "D": "连接DNA与RNA分子"}, "answer": "连接DNA链3’-0H末端与另一DNA链的5’-P末端", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.能通过细菌滤器的微生物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支原体", "B": "立克次体", "C": "螺旋体", "D": "真菌"}, "answer": "支原体", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一食堂,就餐者就餐1小时后,陆续出现唇、指甲及全身皮肤青紫等症状。2.采取下列哪种措施进行急救?(  )", "options": {"A": "洗胃、导泻", "B": "静脉注射维生素C", "C": "洗胃、导泻、灌肠", "D": "洗胃、灌肠、导泻,静脉注射维生素C、美蓝"}, "answer": "洗胃、灌肠、导泻,静脉注射维生素C、美蓝", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肝体积明显缩小,外观黄绿色,表面呈结节状,光镜下见肝细胞大片坏死,同时可见肝细胞再生结节,明显淤胆,大量炎症细胞浸润,结节间纤维组织及小胆管明显增生,根据上述病变其诊断应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性黄疸性普通型肝炎", "B": "重度慢性肝炎", "C": "亚急性重型肝炎", "D": "门脉性肝硬化"}, "answer": "亚急性重型肝炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,40岁,半月前患“感冒”,头痛,恶心,呕吐两次,发热,当时按“感冒”治疗。此后逐渐出现精神委靡,疲乏无力,表情淡漠,卧床不起,不食,不语,问话不答,时而独自发笑。既往健康。躯体检查:体温38.5℃,脉搏100次/分,呼吸20次/分,血压120/70mmHg,急性重症面容,体表消瘦,轻度脱水。神经系统检查:嗜睡状态,右下肢肌张力增高,腱反射亢进,有踝阵挛。精神检查:两眼呆滞,缄默不语,表情淡漠,蜡样屈曲,处于木僵状态。脑电图呈广泛中度异常。3.最有效的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心理治疗", "B": "抗抑郁治疗", "C": "手术治疗", "D": "抗病毒+抗精神病治疗"}, "answer": "抗病毒+抗精神病治疗", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一般认为,下述哪一种情况的脑出血不适于外科治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "血压<200/120mmHg", "B": "壳核出血血肿>40ml", "C": "丘脑出血血肿>10ml", "D": "生命体征和心肾功能正常,有脑疝形成可能"}, "answer": "壳核出血血肿>40ml", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "艾滋病最主要的传播途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "性接触传播", "B": "损伤皮肤受染", "C": "注射途径", "D": "器官移植"}, "answer": "性接触传播", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "同初次免疫应答比较,再次免疫应答的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "在达到稳定期后,抗体浓度迅速下降", "B": "需要较大剂量的抗原刺激", "C": "IgG类抗体大量产生且亲和力增加", "D": "抗原较长时间的持续存在"}, "answer": "IgG类抗体大量产生且亲和力增加", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.慢性阻塞性肺疾病发生单纯低氧血症最主要的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "弥散功能障碍", "B": "通气/血流比例失衡", "C": "氧耗量增加", "D": "肺泡通气量下降"}, "answer": "肺泡通气量下降", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "单纯使用根治性切除手术治疗骨肉瘤,5年存活率不高,其主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "早期髓腔内广泛蔓延", "B": "早期发生微小的肺转移", "C": "早期淋巴管内瘤栓形成", "D": "多见于年轻人"}, "answer": "早期发生微小的肺转移", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "应用糖皮质激素,与脂质代谢无关的不良反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "四肢纤细", "B": "水牛背", "C": "满月脸", "D": "高血压"}, "answer": "高血压", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "与抗原结合后可激活补体经典途径的Ig是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgM和IgE", "B": "IgM和IgG", "C": "IgA和IgG", "D": "IgE和IgG"}, "answer": "IgM和IgG", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "为根治由旁路引发的折返性室上性心动过速,应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "外科手术", "B": "射频消融治疗", "C": "抗心动过速起搏器", "D": "自动心脏复律除颤器"}, "answer": "射频消融治疗", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "刚出生的新生儿白细胞总数为(  )。", "options": {"A": "18×109~25×109/L", "B": "21×109~28×109/L", "C": "15×109~20×109/L", "D": "10×109~15×109/L"}, "answer": "15×109~20×109/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,52岁。乏力、腹胀1年,加重伴腹痛2天。慢性乙型肝炎病史12年。查体:T 38.8℃,前胸可见数个蜘蛛痣,腹部饱满,全腹弥漫压痛及反跳痛,移动性浊音阳性。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹膜转移癌", "B": "肝癌破裂", "C": "上消化道穿孔", "D": "自发性腹膜炎"}, "answer": "自发性腹膜炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "新生儿黄疸的光疗指征不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清总胆红素大于205μmol/L", "B": "超低出生体重儿大于85μmol/L", "C": "新生儿溶血病者", "D": "生后7天黄疸尚未完全消退者"}, "answer": "生后7天黄疸尚未完全消退者", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.戊型肝炎的主要传播途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化道传播", "B": "呼吸道传染", "C": "性接触", "D": "生活接触"}, "answer": "消化道传播", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下面哪一句话是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "股骨颈内收骨折也可变为不稳定骨折", "B": "股骨颈头下骨折最易缺血坏死", "C": "儿童股骨颈骨折不易缺血坏死", "D": "青壮年股骨颈骨折易缺血坏死"}, "answer": "股骨颈内收骨折也可变为不稳定骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,47岁。从3米高处坠落致左胸外伤8小时。查体:T 36.5℃,P 95次/分,R 16次/分,BP 100/60mmHg,神清,气管居中,反常呼吸运动,左胸壁可触及多根多处肋骨断端,左肺呼吸音明显减弱。最佳治疗方案首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸腔穿刺排气排液", "B": "开胸探查,肋骨固定", "C": "胸壁加压包扎", "D": "镇静止痛,鼓励排痰"}, "answer": "开胸探查,肋骨固定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3个月婴儿,每日供给的热量为100kcal/kg,需要蛋白质、脂肪、糖类分别占总热量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋白质35%、脂肪15%、糖类50%", "B": "蛋白质15%、脂肪35%、糖类50%", "C": "蛋白质50%、脂肪15%、糖类35%", "D": "蛋白质35%、脂肪50%、糖类15%"}, "answer": "蛋白质15%、脂肪35%、糖类50%", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是CD8+Th细胞活化的第二信号?(  )", "options": {"A": "IL-1受体的表达", "B": "IL-5的作用", "C": "TCR识别肽Ag-MHCⅡ类分子复合物", "D": "CD4+Th与APC间黏附分子的作用"}, "answer": "CD4+Th与APC间黏附分子的作用", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某患者高热、肝脾肿大、无黄疸、白细胞计数低于正常值、相对缓脉、肥达试验(Widal test)结果为:O抗体增高,H抗体不高。你的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤寒的急性期", "B": "伤寒的恢复期", "C": "以往接种过伤寒疫苗", "D": "可排除肠热症"}, "answer": "伤寒的急性期", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,19岁。发热、头痛3天,神志不清半天,于8月5日来诊。体温39℃,服用感冒药无效。头痛剧烈难忍,伴呕吐,来诊当日出现神志不清。居住地蚊子多,查体:T 40℃,P 120次/分,BP 130/90mmHg,意识模期,躁动,皮肤无皮疹,双侧瞳孔等大等圆,颈抵抗(+),克氏征、布氏征、巴氏征(-)。实验室检查:血WBC 16.5×109/L,N 0.8,为明确诊断最重要的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头颅CT", "B": "脑脊液检查", "C": "血涂片查疟原虫", "D": "特异性IgM抗体"}, "answer": "特异性IgM抗体", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "传播途径中哪项同艾滋病无关?(  )", "options": {"A": "注射", "B": "虫媒", "C": "母婴", "D": "器官移植"}, "answer": "虫媒", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "运动神经切断后所支配的肌肉萎缩,是由于失去神经的(  )。", "options": {"A": "传导作用", "B": "支持作用", "C": "营养作用", "D": "支配作用"}, "answer": "营养作用", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "执业医师法规定,医师有下述情形之一的,县级以上人民政府卫生行政部门应当依法给予表彰或奖励。其中不属于法定表彰或奖励的情形是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医学专业技术有重大突破,做出显著贡献的", "B": "医术高尚,事迹突出的", "C": "遇有自然灾害等情况时,救死扶伤,抢救诊疗表现突出的", "D": "从未出现医疗事故差错的"}, "answer": "从未出现医疗事故差错的", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,53岁,2型糖尿病,控制饮食无效,过度肥胖,最佳选择的降糖药为(  )。", "options": {"A": "格列苯脲", "B": "格列齐特", "C": "格列吡嗪", "D": "二甲双胍"}, "answer": "二甲双胍", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1岁患者,发热、咳嗽、畏光,第4天起从耳后开始出现红色斑丘疹,发疹5天热仍不退,咳嗽加重,伴喘,口周发绀,鼻翼扇动,肺部有中小水泡音,心率180次/分,肝肋下3.0cm,诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "风疹并发肺炎", "B": "麻疹并发肺炎", "C": "麻疹并发肺炎,心衰", "D": "风疹并发肺炎,心衰"}, "answer": "麻疹并发肺炎,心衰", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.Ⅰ期淋巴瘤(  )。", "options": {"A": "病变仅限于一个解剖部位", "B": "病变累及左腋下淋巴结及肝", "C": "病变累及右锁骨上淋巴结和左腋下,并伴有高热", "D": "病变累及左颈及纵隔淋巴结"}, "answer": "病变仅限于一个解剖部位", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "基底节区出血的典型表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "意识障碍,病灶对侧偏身瘫痪,双眼向病灶对侧凝视", "B": "意识障碍,病灶对侧感觉瘫痪,双眼向病灶对侧凝视", "C": "病灶对侧偏身瘫痪、偏身感觉障碍及同向性偏盲", "D": "病灶对侧偏身瘫痪、偏身感觉缺失及同济失调"}, "answer": "病灶对侧偏身瘫痪、偏身感觉障碍及同向性偏盲", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,因车祸被抬入急诊室。CT检查显示颅内有血肿,量约30ml,合并下颌骨开放性骨折。并有舌后坠,抢救首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "开颅手术", "B": "下颌骨结扎固定", "C": "保持呼吸道通畅", "D": "降低颅内压"}, "answer": "保持呼吸道通畅", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肺炎链球菌的致病因子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "芽孢", "B": "荚膜", "C": "内毒素", "D": "外毒素"}, "answer": "荚膜", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新生儿早期患呼吸道感染的可能原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "补体成分缺陷", "B": "先天免疫缺陷", "C": "皮肤粘膜天然屏障差", "D": "sIgA功能尚未成熟"}, "answer": "sIgA功能尚未成熟", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "典型麻疹皮疹的特点为(  )。", "options": {"A": "红色斑丘疹,疹退后遗有色素沉着、脱屑", "B": "红色出血性斑丘疹,疹退后无色素沉着", "C": "红色斑疹或斑丘疹,皮疹周围可见晕圈", "D": "大小不等的斑丘疹,间有水泡"}, "answer": "红色斑丘疹,疹退后遗有色素沉着、脱屑", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "动脉血PaCO2在40~60mmHg范围内升高时,呼吸运动的改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "幅度变深,频率变慢", "B": "幅度变浅,频率变慢", "C": "幅度变深,频率变快", "D": "幅度变深,频率不变"}, "answer": "幅度变深,频率变快", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是溶菌酶的溶菌作用机制?(  )", "options": {"A": "裂解细胞壁聚糖骨架上的β-1,4-糖苷键", "B": "抑制细菌mRNA表达", "C": "抑制细菌DNA转录", "D": "破坏细胞壁上的磷壁酸"}, "answer": "裂解细胞壁聚糖骨架上的β-1,4-糖苷键", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于尊重原则,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尊重原则是指尊重那些值得尊重的人和他们的决定", "B": "尊重原则是指尊重所有的人和他们的决定", "C": "尊重原则也包括尊重那些没到法定年龄的人,有时甚至还包括他们的有些决定", "D": "尊重原则与有利原则冲突时,绝对要以尊重原则为主"}, "answer": "尊重原则也包括尊重那些没到法定年龄的人,有时甚至还包括他们的有些决定", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于慢性粒细胞白血病急性变下述哪一项不符?(  )", "options": {"A": "骨髓中原始细胞>20%", "B": "外周血出现有核红细胞", "C": "外周血嗜碱粒细胞>20%", "D": "除Ph染色体外,出现其他染色体异常"}, "answer": "外周血出现有核红细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "流脑发生的皮肤瘀点的病理基础是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血小板减少,凝血因子消耗", "B": "血管脆性增加", "C": "广泛血管内凝血", "D": "细菌及内毒素引起小血管栓塞性炎症"}, "answer": "细菌及内毒素引起小血管栓塞性炎症", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于关键酶的叙述正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "其催化活性在酶体系中最低", "B": "该酶活性调节不改变整个反应体系的反应速度", "C": "多催化可逆反应", "D": "反应体系起始物常可调节关键酶"}, "answer": "其催化活性在酶体系中最低", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,42岁,2个月来,情绪低落,兴趣索然,自觉“高兴不起来”,生不如死,“自己的脑子不灵了”,“像是生了锈的机器”,认为自己成了家庭和社会的累赘,“成了废物”,有胸闷、心悸、心慌的症状,自认为有严重心脏病,不能治愈。主动性言语及活动明显减少,生活被动,愿独处。曾多次自杀未遂,睡眠不好,早醒。1.下列哪项不是该病人的精神症状?(  )", "options": {"A": "思维迟缓", "B": "自责自罪观念", "C": "夸大妄想", "D": "意志活动减退"}, "answer": "夸大妄想", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "早期胃癌最常见的肉眼类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "表浅凹陷型", "B": "表浅隆起型", "C": "表浅平坦型", "D": "凹陷型"}, "answer": "凹陷型", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,女,8岁,8天前突发左髋剧痛,左下肢活动受限,伴畏寒,高热,全身不适及食欲不振,急重病容,贫血,体温38.7℃,脉搏100次/分,左大腿近端肿胀,皮温升高,但外观无异常,腹股沟韧带中点稍下方深压痛,诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左髋关节急性化脓性关节炎", "B": "左髋关节结核", "C": "左大腿软组织炎症", "D": "左髋关节急性风湿性关节炎"}, "answer": "左髋关节急性化脓性关节炎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "蛛网膜下腔出血最可靠的诊断依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑膜刺激征", "B": "头痛、呕吐", "C": "腰穿时发现血性脑脊液", "D": "偏瘫"}, "answer": "腰穿时发现血性脑脊液", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.钩端螺旋体感染可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓痨及动脉瘤", "B": "反复发热与缓解", "C": "关节炎及关节畸形", "D": "黄疸出血症状"}, "answer": "黄疸出血症状", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.营养不良患儿发生休克的表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体重明显下降,全身消瘦", "B": "心音低钝,血压下降", "C": "突然面色苍白,神志不清", "D": "皮肤发花,四肢冰凉"}, "answer": "皮肤发花,四肢冰凉", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "以下对生活事件的理解错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生活事件是在生活中遇到的重要事件", "B": "不同的生活事件所产生的心理应激量是不同的", "C": "相同的生活事件所产生的心理应激量是相同的", "D": "也可以有正性的生活事件"}, "answer": "相同的生活事件所产生的心理应激量是相同的", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "中枢性偏瘫与周围性瘫痪最有肯定意义的鉴别诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌肉瘫痪范围的大小与程度", "B": "有无肌肉萎缩", "C": "肌张力增高或减低", "D": "有无病理反射"}, "answer": "有无病理反射", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,35岁。近5年来间断头痛,每月发作1~2次,MRI示左顶枕脑内蜂窝样血管流空影,呈楔形。3.该患者最佳治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "药物栓塞", "B": "手术", "C": "射频", "D": "血管内介入治疗"}, "answer": "手术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "嵌插骨折的主要诊断根据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨折部的压痛和轴向叩击痛", "B": "骨折部的反常活动", "C": "骨折部软组织肿胀和瘀斑", "D": "骨折部畸形"}, "answer": "骨折部的压痛和轴向叩击痛", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "每分通气量和每分钟肺泡通气量之差等于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺活量×呼吸频率", "B": "残气量×呼吸频率", "C": "无效腔气量×呼吸频率", "D": "功能残气量×呼吸频率"}, "answer": "无效腔气量×呼吸频率", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "何谓开放性脱位?(  )", "options": {"A": "脱位伴皮肤裂伤", "B": "手术探查时发现关节囊有裂伤", "C": "同时伴关节韧带断裂", "D": "关节腔与外界相通"}, "answer": "关节腔与外界相通", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者朱某因阑尾炎住院,医生甲认为应当立即手术,朱某不同意,要求保守治疗。至第二天晚间,发生阑尾炎穿孔,急行手术。术者医生乙告知患者,由于没及时手术,已形成严重腹膜炎,后遗症难免。术后几天中,朱某一直腹痛。主治医生丙认为是腹膜炎所致,未予特殊处理。后发现是腹内遗留一把止血钳所致。1.造成术后腹痛的性质属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "医疗意外", "B": "医疗差错", "C": "医疗事故", "D": "难以避免的并发症"}, "answer": "医疗事故", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.毛细支气管炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺部体征出现晚", "B": "肺部体征常不明显", "C": "常有梗阻性肺气肿、支气管周围炎", "D": "间断性咳嗽"}, "answer": "常有梗阻性肺气肿、支气管周围炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有一名蛛网膜下腔出血病人,哪一项处置是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "给镇静药物", "B": "绝对卧床休息", "C": "给予止血药物", "D": "便秘者给予肥皂水灌肠"}, "answer": "便秘者给予肥皂水灌肠", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.28岁,未孕。继发性痛经5年,子宫右后方7cm囊肿,按压有压痛,最佳的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "药物治疗", "B": "保留生育功能手术", "C": "根治性手术", "D": "饮食注意"}, "answer": "保留生育功能手术", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3岁患儿,曾多次患肺炎,平时无发绀。体检:心前区隆起,心尖搏动弥散,胸骨左缘第2肋间闻及3/6级粗糙的连续性机器样杂音,向颈部传导,有连续性震颤,有水冲脉。1.该患儿还可有下列哪项体征?(  )", "options": {"A": "脉压增大", "B": "下肢血压低", "C": "腹部血管杂音", "D": "三凹征"}, "answer": "脉压增大", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.外科术后最常见的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "疼痛", "B": "发热", "C": "腹胀", "D": "呃逆"}, "answer": "疼痛", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿动脉收缩压应用下述哪一项公式计算?(  )", "options": {"A": "(年龄×5)+85", "B": "(年龄×2)+80", "C": "(年龄×2)+85", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "(年龄×2)+80", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列有关急性胰腺炎的各项检查中,最早出现异常的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿淀粉酶", "B": "血清正铁血白蛋白", "C": "血清淀粉酶", "D": "血清脂肪酶"}, "answer": "血清淀粉酶", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "佝偻病颅骨软化多发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "1~3个月", "B": "3~6个月", "C": "6~12个月", "D": "12个月以上"}, "answer": "3~6个月", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "营养性缺铁性贫血的主要治疗原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "预防感染,给予铁剂", "B": "加强护理,给予铁剂", "C": "给予铁剂,必要时输血", "D": "去除病因,给予铁剂"}, "answer": "去除病因,给予铁剂", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "主动脉瓣狭窄最常见的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右心衰竭", "B": "心律失常", "C": "心脏性猝死", "D": "感染性心内膜炎"}, "answer": "心律失常", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "副交感神经兴奋可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "瞳孔扩大", "B": "胃肠运动增强", "C": "骨骼肌血管舒张", "D": "竖毛肌收缩"}, "answer": "胃肠运动增强", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性患者56岁,有急性心肌梗死病史,经治疗好转后停药月余,昨夜突发剧咳而憋醒,不能平卧,咳粉红色泡沫样痰,烦躁不安,心率130次/分,血压160/95mmHg,两肺有小水泡音。诊断为急性左心衰竭、心源性哮喘,此时最好选用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氢氯噻嗪+硝普钠", "B": "吗啡+毒毛花苷K", "C": "氢氯噻嗪+卡托普利", "D": "氢氯噻嗪+氨茶碱"}, "answer": "吗啡+毒毛花苷K", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,8岁,右手烧伤,有水疱,剧痛,在现场急救中,为减轻疼痛,最恰当的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "安慰和鼓励受伤者", "B": "肌注地西泮(安定)", "C": "肌注哌替啶(杜冷丁)", "D": "将手浸入冷水中"}, "answer": "将手浸入冷水中", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.外伤性腹膜巨大血肿易发生(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻痹性肠梗阻", "B": "单纯性肠梗阻", "C": "痉挛性肠梗阻", "D": "绞窄性肠梗阻"}, "answer": "麻痹性肠梗阻", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于A型行为模式,以下哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "情绪易波动", "B": "有竞争意识性", "C": "常有变动不定的敌意", "D": "言语和动作的节奏慢"}, "answer": "言语和动作的节奏慢", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "伤寒小结主要由何种细胞组成?(  )", "options": {"A": "类上皮细胞", "B": "多核巨细胞", "C": "巨噬细胞", "D": "浆细胞"}, "answer": "巨噬细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "6个月女婴,流涕、咳嗽3天,近半天高热,体温39.4℃,抽搐1次,约3分钟自行缓解。查体:精神委靡,前囟平,咽充血,双肺未闻及中小水泡音,脑膜刺激征阴性。血常规:白细胞5×109/L。该患儿最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中毒性脑病", "B": "上感,高热惊厥", "C": "肺炎,高热惊厥", "D": "手足搐搦症"}, "answer": "上感,高热惊厥", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,66岁。右上腹疼痛伴发热、寒战5天,糖尿病病史20年,胆石症胆囊切除术后2年。查体:巩膜黄染,心肺未见异常,肝肋下2cm,压痛(+),肝区叩击痛(+)。血常规:WBC 15×109/L,N 0.85。3.目前最重要的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "手术", "B": "应用广谱抗生素", "C": "抗真菌", "D": "抗结核"}, "answer": "应用广谱抗生素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "9个月婴儿,7kg,腹泻3天,蛋花汤样大便,一天来大便20余次,尿少,前囟、眼窝明显凹陷,皮肤弹性极差,脉细弱,四肢冷,血CO2CP6.75mmol/L。前8小时补液,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "首先用2∶l等张液140ml扩容", "B": "补充累积损失量为100~200ml/kg", "C": "扩容后选用3∶2∶1液700ml静点", "D": "补液速度为每小时8~10ml/kg"}, "answer": "补充累积损失量为100~200ml/kg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医务工作者崇高的职业道德境界(  )。", "options": {"A": "只体现在认识疾病的活动中", "B": "只体现在认识疾病、治疗疾病的活动中", "C": "只体现在家庭生活中", "D": "与医学研究无关"}, "answer": "只体现在认识疾病、治疗疾病的活动中", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "多数先天性甲状腺功能减低症患儿出现明显症状的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": ">1个月", "B": ">6个月", "C": ">9个月", "D": ">12个月"}, "answer": ">6个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有权同意对具有完全民事行为能力且意识清醒的患者施行特殊治疗的人员是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医院伦理委员会主任", "B": "患者本人", "C": "院长", "D": "经治医生"}, "answer": "患者本人", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "AIDS的主要传播途径包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "性接触、呼吸道传播、注射途径", "B": "性接触、垂直传播、消化道传播", "C": "性接触、呼吸道传播、垂直传播", "D": "性接触、血液传播、垂直传播"}, "answer": "性接触、血液传播、垂直传播", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "《医疗机构管理条例》的执业要求中规定,医疗机构执业必须(  )。", "options": {"A": "遵守有关法律、法规、规章制度", "B": "遵守有关法律、法规", "C": "遵守有关法律、法规、医疗技术规范", "D": "遵守有关法律、法规、向患者承诺的公约"}, "answer": "遵守有关法律、法规、医疗技术规范", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "符合浅昏迷的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对疼痛刺激有反应", "B": "可以唤醒", "C": "无意识的自主运动消失", "D": "四肢腱反射消失"}, "answer": "对疼痛刺激有反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "与慢性胃炎和消化性溃疡有密切关系的病原菌为(  )。", "options": {"A": "幽门螺杆菌", "B": "胎儿弯曲菌", "C": "鼠伤寒沙门菌", "D": "副溶血性弧菌"}, "answer": "幽门螺杆菌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "传染病的诊断依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "临床资料,疫苗注射情况,实验室检查", "B": "临床资料,流行病学资料,实验室检查", "C": "临床病状,流行病学资料,病原学检查", "D": "流行病学的检查,病原学检查"}, "answer": "临床资料,流行病学资料,实验室检查", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.血吸虫病的好发部位(  )。", "options": {"A": "空肠", "B": "回盲部", "C": "乙状结肠", "D": "全结肠"}, "answer": "全结肠", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,48岁,心脏联合瓣膜病15年,发热2个月,体温为37.2~37.6℃,厌食、消瘦、贫血貌。首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "血培养", "B": "测定血红蛋白", "C": "心肌酶检查", "D": "免疫学检查"}, "answer": "血培养", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.促进皮质醇分泌的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "TSH", "B": "ACTH", "C": "GH", "D": "FSH"}, "answer": "ACTH", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.子宫内膜癌浸润阴道下1/3,属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "ⅠA期", "B": "ⅠB期", "C": "Ⅱ期", "D": "ⅢB期"}, "answer": "ⅢB期", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,24岁,一向体健。某日晨起时觉右耳后痛,一天后脸歪向左侧,味觉减退,听觉过敏,右眼经常有刺激感。无视物成双、耳鸣、听力丧失等。体检:右侧不能蹙额、皱眉、闭目,示齿时口角向左侧歪斜,舌右侧前部的味觉减退。3.鉴别诊断应考虑的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳突炎", "B": "中耳感染", "C": "小脑桥脑角肿瘤", "D": "所有上述疾病"}, "answer": "所有上述疾病", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,58岁,逐渐出现四肢震颤,双手呈“搓药丸样”动作,面部缺乏表情,动作缓慢,走路呈“慌张步态”,被动运动时肢体齿轮样肌张力增高,需用下述何种药物治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "苯妥英钠", "B": "左旋多巴", "C": "新斯的明", "D": "多巴胺"}, "answer": "左旋多巴", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "头围测量方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "枕后到额部中央绕头一周", "B": "枕后沿耳边到眉间绕头一周", "C": "枕后结节到眉弓上缘绕头一周", "D": "枕后结节到眉弓上2cm绕头一周"}, "answer": "枕后结节到眉弓上缘绕头一周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "7岁女童,性格腼腆,近1个月来频繁出现夜间睡眠时哭喊,多在前半夜,并拍打被褥,神情恐惧,难以唤醒,约5min后安静重新入睡,次日不能回忆夜间发生之事。1.根据以上病史,诊断考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "夜惊", "B": "情绪障碍", "C": "梦魇", "D": "恐惧症"}, "answer": "夜惊", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,45岁。因肝硬化(失代偿期)入院。1天前出现明显呼吸困难,查体:体温正常,双肺呼吸音清,血气分析示低氧血症。抗感染治疗无效。最可能发生的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎", "B": "肝肾综合征", "C": "肝肺综合征", "D": "急性左心衰"}, "answer": "肝肺综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.具有突发性剑突下钻顶样剧烈疼痛症状的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆管结石", "B": "胆囊癌", "C": "胆管癌", "D": "胆道蛔虫"}, "answer": "胆道蛔虫", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "门脉性肝硬化的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结节大小不等,纤维间隔厚薄不均", "B": "结节大小相仿,纤维间隔薄而均匀", "C": "肝脏呈深绿色", "D": "纤维组织沿门静脉分支大量增生"}, "answer": "结节大小相仿,纤维间隔薄而均匀", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "为预防营养性维生素D缺乏佝偻病,小儿每日口服维生素D的量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1600~2000IU", "B": "400~800IU", "C": "1300~1500IU", "D": "900~1200IU"}, "answer": "400~800IU", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者女性,42岁,已婚,因转移性右下腹痛2天入院,伴恶心呕吐,发热。查体:右下腹明显压痛,反跳痛,肌紧张。血常规:WBC18×109/L,N0.89,尿常规未见异常。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性阑尾炎", "B": "右侧输尿管结石", "C": "宫外孕", "D": "胃溃疡并穿孔"}, "answer": "急性阑尾炎", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.可导致流行性角结膜炎的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺病毒", "B": "新型肠道病毒71型", "C": "埃可病毒", "D": "轮状病毒"}, "answer": "腺病毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是反映标准化心理测验可靠性的技术指标?(  )", "options": {"A": "样本量", "B": "常模", "C": "信度", "D": "效度"}, "answer": "信度", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于硝苯地平,哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "口服吸收迅速而完全", "B": "是二氢吡啶类钙拮抗剂", "C": "主要的不良反应是低血压", "D": "可用于治疗心律失常"}, "answer": "可用于治疗心律失常", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.作用于红细胞内期,控制疟疾发作首选的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙胺嘧啶", "B": "吡喹酮", "C": "氯喹", "D": "伯氨喹"}, "answer": "氯喹", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.成人活动时的脑电波是(  )。", "options": {"A": "α波", "B": "β波", "C": "θ波", "D": "γ波"}, "answer": "β波", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "接种卡介苗所使用的菌苗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不灭毒活的牛型结核杆菌", "B": "减毒的活的牛型结核杆菌", "C": "灭毒的鸟型结核杆菌", "D": "减毒的活的人型结核菌"}, "answer": "减毒的活的牛型结核杆菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.体现有利原则的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对有危险或伤害的诊治措施,通过评价,选择利益大于危险或利益大于伤害的行动", "B": "将有关的类似个案以同样的准则加以处理,而将不同的个案以不同的准则加以处理", "C": "人在患病后,有权选择意愿接受或拒绝医生制定的诊治方案", "D": "杜绝对病人的有益伤害"}, "answer": "对有危险或伤害的诊治措施,通过评价,选择利益大于危险或利益大于伤害的行动", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "骨髓增生异常综合征病人的骨髓幼稚细胞中有Auer小体,见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "RA型", "B": "RAS型", "C": "RAEB-T型", "D": "CMML型"}, "answer": "RAEB-T型", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.腹部平片不显影的结石是(  )。", "options": {"A": "草酸盐结石", "B": "尿酸结石", "C": "混合型结石", "D": "碳酸盐结石"}, "answer": "尿酸结石", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "滕某,男22岁,1年前因精神刺激表现为郁郁不乐,认为自己有罪,耳边听到有说话声,内容说不出,有时侧耳倾听“地球隆隆响声”,问家人“为什么我想的事别人都知道”,看见小汽车非常恐惧,不出门,独处一隅,喝酒,自语、自笑。躯体、神经系统检查均正常。意识清晰,一次突然对着打开的电风扇下跪说:“我有罪,该死。”近期听到电风扇有一男人说:“你是叛徒,内奸。”认为自己大脑被一名死者控制着,哭笑都不受自己支配,自己想事别人通过遥控器控制他,有时想事想到一半时,认为想法被一个死人“抽走”了,无法继续想下去。1.该患者诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "反应性精神病", "B": "精神分裂症偏执型", "C": "抑郁症", "D": "脑器质性精神病"}, "answer": "精神分裂症偏执型", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男婴,足月自然分娩,脐绕颈1周,Apgar评分1分钟与5分钟分别是3分、7分,体检:小儿易激惹,拥抱反射增强,肌张力增高,偶有惊厥。3.控制惊厥首选的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯巴比妥", "B": "苯妥英钠", "C": "水合氯醛", "D": "冬眠灵"}, "answer": "苯巴比妥", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "蛋白质-热能营养不良常见并发的维生素缺乏是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素A", "B": "维生素C", "C": "维生素D", "D": "维生素E"}, "answer": "维生素D", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.链霉素(  )。", "options": {"A": "可引起外周神经炎", "B": "可引起视神经炎", "C": "对动物有致畸形作用", "D": "可引起耳鸣、耳聋"}, "answer": "可引起耳鸣、耳聋", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪种疾病可有痉挛性斜颈的表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "舞蹈病", "B": "锥体系损害", "C": "帕金森病", "D": "肌张力障碍"}, "answer": "肌张力障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,56岁,进行性贫血1年,剧烈腰痛3个月。血红蛋白89g/L,白细胞3.4×109/L,血小板68×109/L,血沉18cm/h,尿蛋白(++),骨髓异常浆细胞54%,血清蛋白电泳出现M蛋白。3.下述表现哪一项不符合?(  )", "options": {"A": "氮质血症", "B": "蛋白尿", "C": "尿中出现凝溶蛋白", "D": "血黏滞度显著降低"}, "answer": "血黏滞度显著降低", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "性联无丙种球蛋白血症患者出现临床症状的时间(  )。", "options": {"A": "生后1个月内", "B": "生后6~9个月内", "C": "学龄前", "D": "青少年期"}, "answer": "生后6~9个月内", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "破伤风最先出现的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "角弓反张", "B": "张口困难", "C": "呼吸急促", "D": "神志不清"}, "answer": "张口困难", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以下哪项是小脑共济失调的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "眼球运动肌共济失调时可出现细小的眼震", "B": "病灶对侧肢体共济失调,伴深感觉障碍及排尿、排便障碍", "C": "对侧肢体共济失调,常伴腱反射亢进,肌张力增高", "D": "言语障碍可表现为吟诗样语言或爆破性语言"}, "answer": "言语障碍可表现为吟诗样语言或爆破性语言", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,51岁。1小时前因咳嗽突发右下腹疼痛,右腹股沟出现肿块。查体:全腹轻压痛,无腹肌紧张,肠鸣音亢进。右侧腹股沟韧带下方呈半球形隆起,不能回纳,轻压痛。应采取的正确措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急症手术复位,行McVay法修补术", "B": "急症手术复位,行Ferguson法修补术", "C": "及时手法复位,密切观察", "D": "应用抗生素、止痛剂观察"}, "answer": "急症手术复位,行McVay法修补术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.人格发展关键期是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1~3岁", "B": "3~7岁", "C": "7~11岁", "D": "11~l3,l4岁"}, "answer": "3~7岁", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于NaHCO3不正确的应用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉滴注治疗酸血症", "B": "碱化尿液,防磺胺药析出结晶", "C": "苯巴比妥中毒时,碱化尿液,促进其从尿中排出", "D": "与阿司匹林合用,促进其在胃中吸收"}, "answer": "与阿司匹林合用,促进其在胃中吸收", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "化脓性脑膜炎患儿经治疗1周后,体温下降,精神好转,但是前囟又隆起,头围增大,复查脑脊液明显好转,可考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "并发硬脑膜下积液", "B": "并发脑积水", "C": "继发病毒性脑膜炎", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "并发硬脑膜下积液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.供应枕叶血液的血管是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大脑中动脉", "B": "大脑后动脉", "C": "大脑前动脉", "D": "基底动脉"}, "answer": "大脑后动脉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.乙琥胺(  )。", "options": {"A": "可引起呼吸抑制", "B": "可引起急性心力衰竭", "C": "可引起共济失调", "D": "可引起再生障碍性贫血"}, "answer": "可引起再生障碍性贫血", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,28岁。既往月经规律,现停经45天,发现阴道流出少量咖啡色物2天,无腹痛,尿hCG(+)。1.目前首先考虑的诊断可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "难免流产", "B": "先兆流产", "C": "完全流产", "D": "不全流产"}, "answer": "先兆流产", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初产妇,26岁。妊娠39周,临产后9小时,胎儿娩出5分钟,胎盘未娩出。不恰当的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "用力压耻骨联合上方", "B": "检查宫体是否变硬", "C": "阴道有无流血", "D": "轻压耻骨联合上方"}, "answer": "用力压耻骨联合上方", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "中医典籍中有“天人合一”“天人相应”的观点。该观点所反映的医学模式为(  )。", "options": {"A": "整体医学模式", "B": "生物医学模式", "C": "生物-心理-社会医学模式", "D": "自然哲学医学模式"}, "answer": "自然哲学医学模式", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有一男性年轻病人,患慢性肾炎,近年来症状加重,出现少尿、夜尿以及贫血等表现,此病人肾脏病变可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾脏体积缩小,质地软", "B": "肾脏体积增大,质地韧", "C": "肾脏萎缩,质地硬", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "肾脏萎缩,质地硬", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是布氏杆菌引起的疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "波状热", "B": "炭疽", "C": "猩红热", "D": "流行性出血热"}, "answer": "波状热", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,25岁。因十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔行胃大部切除术,术后顺利恢复进食。第7天,在进半流食时,突然出现频繁呕吐,下列治疗中错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "禁食、胃肠减压", "B": "输液", "C": "肌注新斯的明", "D": "紧急手术治疗"}, "answer": "紧急手术治疗", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某病人,13岁,在生活中养成不良的抽烟习惯,父母非常恼火,心理医师建议其采取的较有效的行为治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "环境因素和操作动作相结合", "B": "厌恶刺激与不良行为相结合", "C": "通过对不良行为的认识来矫正", "D": "用转变注意力的方法来矫正"}, "answer": "厌恶刺激与不良行为相结合", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "导致继发性腹膜炎的细菌一般是(  )。", "options": {"A": "混合性细菌", "B": "变形杆菌", "C": "厌氧菌", "D": "肠球菌"}, "answer": "混合性细菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "10个月患儿,轻咳伴发热半天,晚上呕吐4次,不久频泻水样便,初色黄后转白,量多黏液少、无腥臭,尿极少,于10月底就诊。体温39℃,面色苍白,前囟眼窝凹陷,哭泪少,咽充血,心肺无异常,腹稍胀,皮肤弹性减退。2.对该儿下述处理哪一项不是必须的?(  )", "options": {"A": "口服ORS", "B": "暂禁食6小时", "C": "动脉血气分析", "D": "大便镜检和培养"}, "answer": "大便镜检和培养", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性胃溃疡病的好发部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃大弯近幽门部", "B": "胃小弯近幽门部", "C": "胃大弯及胃底部", "D": "胃小弯胃角部"}, "answer": "胃小弯近幽门部", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于妊娠期母体内分泌系统的改变,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "催乳素增多", "B": "卵泡刺激素增多", "C": "游离甲状腺激素增多", "D": "黄体生成素增多"}, "answer": "催乳素增多", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,40岁,因肋骨肿瘤行肋骨切除,术后病理证实为甲状腺滤泡状腺癌转移,随后检查发现甲状腺右侧下极有直径2cm的肿块,质硬,颈部未发现肿大淋巴结。下一步恰当的治疗方案为(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺全切,术后行放射性碘治疗", "B": "外放射治疗,同时口服甲状腺干制剂", "C": "甲状腺全切+右侧颈淋巴结清扫,术后行放射性碘治疗", "D": "化疗,同时口服甲状腺干制剂"}, "answer": "甲状腺全切+右侧颈淋巴结清扫,术后行放射性碘治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "属于投射性心理测验的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "艾森克人格问卷", "B": "洛夏墨迹测验", "C": "明尼苏达多项人格调查表", "D": "卡格尔16项人格因素问卷"}, "answer": "洛夏墨迹测验", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于过敏性紫癜的治疗哪一项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "腹痛可用阿托品", "B": "应用抗组胺药物做为一般治疗", "C": "肾上腺皮质激素对肾型有较好疗效", "D": "维生素C可降低毛细血管脆性"}, "answer": "肾上腺皮质激素对肾型有较好疗效", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "原发型肺结核的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病变多在肺尖", "B": "支气管淋巴结多不受侵犯", "C": "易引起血行播散", "D": "左肺较右肺多见"}, "answer": "易引起血行播散", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "过期妊娠需立即终止妊娠的指征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿雌激素/肌酐比值为16", "B": "三度羊水粪染", "C": "无应激试验为反应型", "D": "12小时胎动为15次"}, "answer": "三度羊水粪染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "当血钙低于哪个数值时可引起手足搐搦(  )。", "options": {"A": "血总钙<2.2~2.35mmol/L", "B": "血总钙<2.0~2.45mmol/L", "C": "血离子钙<1.88~2.2mmool/L", "D": "血总钙<1.75~1.88mmol/L"}, "answer": "血总钙<1.75~1.88mmol/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项可由肺炎支原体引起?(  )", "options": {"A": "原发性非典型性肺炎", "B": "大叶性肺炎", "C": "非淋菌性尿道炎", "D": "Q热"}, "answer": "原发性非典型性肺炎", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一开放性外伤患者,急需注射破伤风抗毒素血清,皮试发现过敏,需采用的主要防治措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "色甘酸二钠阻止肥大细胞脱颗粒", "B": "生物活性介质拮抗剂——苯海拉明", "C": "脱敏疗法", "D": "减敏疗法"}, "answer": "脱敏疗法", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "产生hCG的主要部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎膜", "B": "卵巢黄体", "C": "合体滋养层细胞", "D": "胎儿胎盘单位"}, "answer": "合体滋养层细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.合并糖尿病的高血压患者,血清肌酐正常,降压治疗宜首选的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "噻嗪类利尿剂", "B": "α受体阻滞剂", "C": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂", "D": "β受体阻滞剂"}, "answer": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "预测得血清中某种Ag的含量,并在较短时间内取得结果,所选择的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单向免疫扩散", "B": "双向免疫扩散", "C": "对流免疫电泳", "D": "火箭电泳"}, "answer": "火箭电泳", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,35岁。半小时前被自行车撞伤左胸,伤后疼痛,活动后加重,呼吸困难逐渐加重,查体:脉搏110次/分,气管向右移位,皮下气肿(+),其诊断可能性最大为(  )。", "options": {"A": "闭合性气胸", "B": "张力性气胸会", "C": "肋骨骨折并气胸", "D": "肋骨骨折并张力性气胸"}, "answer": "肋骨骨折并张力性气胸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "易发生DIC的白血病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ALL-L2", "B": "AML-Ml", "C": "AML-M3", "D": "CML-BC"}, "answer": "AML-M3", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "室间隔缺损患儿出现声音嘶哑的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "扩张的右心房压迫喉返神经", "B": "扩张的主动脉压迫喉返神经", "C": "扩张的肺动脉压迫喉返神经", "D": "扩张的左右心房压迫喉返神经"}, "answer": "扩张的肺动脉压迫喉返神经", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项属于Ⅱ型超敏反应的疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "血小板减少性紫癜", "B": "过敏性鼻炎", "C": "SLE", "D": "溃疡性结肠炎"}, "answer": "血小板减少性紫癜", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.阻断乙型肝炎母—婴传播的最安全有效的措施是给新生儿注射(  )。", "options": {"A": "人血清高效价抗-HBs免疫球蛋白(HBIg)", "B": "乙型肝炎血源性疫苗(0、1、3月龄),首次注射在出生24小时之内", "C": "乙肝基因工程疫苗(0、1、3月龄),首次注射在出生24小时之内", "D": "乙肝基因工程疫苗(0、1、3月龄)和人胎盘球蛋白,首次注射在出生3~5天"}, "answer": "乙肝基因工程疫苗(0、1、3月龄),首次注射在出生24小时之内", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于细胞凋亡坏死(固缩坏死),下述叙述中哪项错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "凋亡坏死(固缩坏死)见于许多生理和病理过程", "B": "凋亡坏死不引起炎症反应", "C": "可见凋亡小体形成", "D": "凋亡坏死是由酶解作用所致"}, "answer": "凋亡坏死是由酶解作用所致", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不符合有利原则的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医务人员的行动使病人受益而可能给别的病人带来损害", "B": "医务人员的行动使病人受益而会给家庭带来一定的经济负担", "C": "医务人员的行动可能解除病人的痛苦", "D": "受病人或家庭条件的限制,医务人员选择的诊治手段不是最佳的"}, "answer": "医务人员的行动使病人受益而可能给别的病人带来损害", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "外源性凝血途径的始动因子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "因子Ⅱ", "B": "因子Ⅻ", "C": "因子X", "D": "因子Ⅲ"}, "answer": "因子Ⅲ", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者意识障碍,可唤醒,但不能准确辨别人物和地点。这种意识状态称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "谵妄", "B": "浅昏迷", "C": "昏睡", "D": "意识模糊"}, "answer": "意识模糊", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述血吸虫病的病变中哪项最重要?(  )", "options": {"A": "尾蚴性皮炎", "B": "成虫所致的损害", "C": "虫卵所致的损害", "D": "脾肿大"}, "answer": "虫卵所致的损害", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男性,55岁,因神志不清3小时入院,家中生煤火,室内有农药瓶,既往患有糖尿病15年。1.以下哪项不是昏迷的原因?(  )", "options": {"A": "一氧化碳中毒", "B": "农药中毒", "C": "肝昏迷", "D": "尿毒症"}, "answer": "肝昏迷", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,20岁。子弹射入股内侧,12h后被送入医院。患处胀裂样剧痛。体检:患处皮肤水肿、苍白,在患处可触及捻发音,伤口处肌肉成紫黑色。治疗时首选抗生素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素", "B": "链霉素", "C": "甲硝唑", "D": "复方新诺明"}, "answer": "青霉素", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列关于流行性脑脊髓膜炎的预防措施错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "密切接触者应医学观察1周", "B": "本病流行期间儿童应避免到人多拥挤的公共场所", "C": "脑膜炎球菌A群菌苗预防接种", "D": "由于细菌对磺胺耐药,近年来已放弃使用磺胺药口服预防流行性脑脊髓膜炎"}, "answer": "由于细菌对磺胺耐药,近年来已放弃使用磺胺药口服预防流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "脂肪酸合成的过程中,乙酰CoA从线粒体转移至细胞液的途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳酸循环", "B": "糖醛酸循环", "C": "柠檬酸-丙酮酸循环", "D": "丙氨酸-葡萄糖循环"}, "answer": "柠檬酸-丙酮酸循环", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "临床上抢救有机磷酸酯类中毒的最合理药物组合是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿托品和毛果芸香碱", "B": "阿托品和新斯的明", "C": "阿托品和碘解磷定", "D": "碘解磷定和新斯的明"}, "answer": "阿托品和碘解磷定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "浸润型肺结核和慢性纤维空洞型肺结核分型的最主要鉴别依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血沉", "B": "X线胸片表现", "C": "肺实变征", "D": "结核中毒症状"}, "answer": "X线胸片表现", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女性,40岁,发现左乳肿物,并伴肿物区皮肤红肿1周,无明显疼痛及全身症状,查体:左乳肿物约1cm×1cm大小,表面约2cm×2cm区域皮肤红肿,行乳腺钼钯检查发现左乳约2cm。区域内大量密集钙化。2.如果患者为乳腺癌,其肿瘤大小分期T应属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "T4", "B": "T3", "C": "T2", "D": "T0"}, "answer": "T4", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.肿瘤的治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗毒素血清", "B": "免疫毒素", "C": "抗淋巴细胞丙种球蛋白", "D": "抗HIV血清"}, "answer": "免疫毒素", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以下关于糖尿病的叙述不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是一组临床综合征", "B": "胰岛素绝对缺乏是本病的主要改变", "C": "可引起糖、蛋白、脂肪等代谢紊乱症候群", "D": "晚期可导致多脏器功能衰竭"}, "answer": "胰岛素绝对缺乏是本病的主要改变", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.丝虫病引起组织水肿的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛细血管血压升高", "B": "血浆胶体渗透压降低", "C": "组织液胶体渗透压升高", "D": "淋巴回流受阻"}, "answer": "淋巴回流受阻", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,58岁。咳嗽、痰中带血、左胸痛1个月,胸部X线片示左侧大量胸腔积液。查体:左侧呼吸音消失、语颤减弱。有助于明确诊断的检查不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸水细胞学及生化检查", "B": "胸部CT", "C": "胸膜活检", "D": "肺功能检查"}, "answer": "肺功能检查", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "初孕妇,32岁。妊娠39周,规律宫缩8小时,随后持续腹痛,拒按,无间歇期,胎心音不清,宫口开大5cm,胎头S=-1,后囟位于1点处。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "强直性子宫收缩", "B": "协调性宫缩乏力", "C": "先兆子宫破裂", "D": "持续性枕后位"}, "answer": "强直性子宫收缩", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心理评估的常用方法不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "调查法", "B": "观察法", "C": "个案法", "D": "测验法"}, "answer": "个案法", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,50岁。缓起发热,咳嗽,痰呈脓性,伴腥臭味,每日约150mL。病程已10天,多种抗生素治疗不见改善。X线示右下肺叶后基底段团块状影,伴空洞和液平。两周前曾有拔牙史。3.为了解有无气道阻塞,宜选择下列哪项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "MRI", "B": "支气管分层摄片", "C": "CT", "D": "HRCT(高分辨率CT)"}, "answer": "支气管分层摄片", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于急性炎症性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病的表述不正确的(  )。", "options": {"A": "首发症状通常为四肢对称性肌无力", "B": "脑神经损害以双侧面瘫常见", "C": "大多数病例出现脑脊液蛋白细胞分离", "D": "多数病例出现括约肌功能障碍"}, "answer": "多数病例出现括约肌功能障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,32岁。恶心、呕吐、腹胀、乏力4天,发热、胡言乱语1天,既往无肝病史。查体:巩膜明显黄染,肝浊音界缩小,扑翼样震颤阳性。实验室检查:血ALT 130U/L,TBil 240μmol/L。该患者的肝脏可能发生的主要病理改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "假小叶形成", "B": "肝细胞气球样变", "C": "肝细胞广泛坏死", "D": "肝细胞碎屑样坏死"}, "answer": "肝细胞广泛坏死", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,72岁。因持续胸痛6小时入院,查体:双肺底有少量湿啰音。诊断为急性心肌梗死,该患者心功能分级为(  )。", "options": {"A": "NYHA分级Ⅳ级", "B": "NYHA分级Ⅱ级", "C": "Killip分级Ⅱ级", "D": "Killip分级Ⅲ级"}, "answer": "Killip分级Ⅱ级", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.人类大脑皮质对现实具体的信号发生反应的功能系统是(  )。", "options": {"A": "锥体系", "B": "网状结构上行激动系统", "C": "第一信号系统", "D": "第二信号系统"}, "answer": "第一信号系统", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "糖尿病饮食治疗下述哪一种是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "有并发症者不用饮食治疗", "B": "病情轻可以不用饮食治疗", "C": "用药治疗时,可不用饮食治疗", "D": "不论病情轻重都需饮食治疗"}, "answer": "不论病情轻重都需饮食治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "诊断支气管扩张首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部超声", "B": "胸部高分辨CT", "C": "胸部X线", "D": "胸部磁共振"}, "answer": "胸部高分辨CT", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "盆腔放射治疗后导致的闭经属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫性闭经", "B": "垂体性闭经", "C": "下丘脑性闭经", "D": "肾上腺性闭经"}, "answer": "子宫性闭经", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.老年男性,无痛性肉眼血尿,有血块,应先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性膀胱炎", "B": "急性肾盂肾炎", "C": "膀胱结石", "D": "膀胱肿瘤"}, "answer": "膀胱肿瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性肺炎病程为(  )。", "options": {"A": "1个月内", "B": "4个月内", "C": "3个月内", "D": "2个月内"}, "answer": "1个月内", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "仅对细胞外碱性环境中的结核菌有杀菌作用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙胺丁醇", "B": "利福平", "C": "异烟肼", "D": "链霉素"}, "answer": "链霉素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,7岁,3周前曾患上呼吸道感染,3日来眼睑浮肿,尿少,有肉眼血尿。查体:咽部不充血,眼睑浮肿,血压150/11OmmHg。尿蛋白(+++),有大量红细胞,抗“O”500U,CH50、补体C3减少。诊断为急性肾炎,给予利尿、降压治疗,同时给予青霉素治疗。2.应用青霉素的目的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "预防肾炎复发", "B": "治疗并发症", "C": "防止交叉感染", "D": "清除体内残存的链球菌"}, "answer": "清除体内残存的链球菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "解磷定治疗有机磷中毒的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使胆碱酯酶恢复活性,消除或减轻烟碱样症状", "B": "与有机磷结合排除体外", "C": "解除有机磷中毒的毒草碱样症状", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "使胆碱酯酶恢复活性,消除或减轻烟碱样症状", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "治疗伴有潜在性糖尿病的高血压的患者,不宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "哌唑嗪", "B": "氢氯噻嗪", "C": "卡托普利", "D": "硝苯地平"}, "answer": "氢氯噻嗪", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,26岁。因20多天来皮肤发黄而住院。患者感轻度乏力,食欲略差,皮肤瘙痒,尿深黄,大便色变浅,查ALT 150J/L,TBil240μmol/L,DBil 175μmol/L,ALP 400U/L,GGT 400U/L。对黄疸患者的进一步诊断,下列检查中简便易行的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B型超声检查", "B": "腹部CT检查", "C": "胰胆管造影", "D": "核磁共振"}, "answer": "B型超声检查", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "烧伤休克治疗的主要措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "补液", "B": "吸氧", "C": "止痛", "D": "正确处理创面"}, "answer": "补液", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,33岁。发现左乳房包块10天,无不适症状。查体:乳房视诊无异常,左乳房外上象限可触及1.5cm×1.5cm包块,质硬,不光滑,活动度良好,左腋窝未触及肿大淋巴结。钼靶X线片检查示1.5cm×1cm密度增高影,周边有小毛刺,中央可见聚集细小钙化点。1.准备手术治疗。以下可选择的术式中,必须在术后放疗的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "保留胸大、小肌的改良根治术", "B": "全乳房切除术", "C": "保留胸大肌的改良根治术", "D": "保留乳房的乳腺癌切除术"}, "answer": "保留乳房的乳腺癌切除术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于保泰松,哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "血浆t1/2约2~3天", "B": "关节腔中的药物浓度维持时间长", "C": "大剂量也不易引起胃肠道反应", "D": "代谢产物也有生物活性"}, "answer": "大剂量也不易引起胃肠道反应", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对镇痛、解热、抗炎药叙述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "镇痛的作用部位主要在中枢", "B": "对各种炎症都有效", "C": "解热、镇痛和抗炎作用与抑制PG合成有关", "D": "抑制缓激肽的生物合成"}, "answer": "解热、镇痛和抗炎作用与抑制PG合成有关", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1岁男儿,持续发热、流泪、咳嗽五天,出玫瑰色斑丘疹,由头面开始到躯干、全身,皮疹消退后留有色素沉着。体温38.5℃,口腔黏膜有粟粒样充血性皮疹,浅表淋巴结不大,心脏未闻及明显异常,肺呼吸音增粗,腹部柔软,肝脾不大。未接受过预防接种。血常规:白细胞6×109/L,中性粒细胞0.45,淋巴细胞0.55。1.患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管肺炎", "B": "幼儿急疹", "C": "麻疹", "D": "水痘"}, "answer": "麻疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项对诊断慢性肾盂肾炎最有意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "尿亚硝酸盐还原试验阳性", "B": "畏寒发热,尿白细胞数增高", "C": "尿频、尿急、尿痛反复发作", "D": "肾小管功能持续性损害"}, "answer": "肾小管功能持续性损害", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1~6岁小儿体重为(  )。", "options": {"A": "[年龄(月)+9]/2", "B": "年龄(岁)×2+8", "C": "年龄(岁)×7-5", "D": "年龄(岁)×5+9"}, "answer": "年龄(岁)×2+8", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "病儿跌伤,X线片示左肱骨下端骨骺分离。3周后到市医院就诊,接诊医生填x线申请单时将左写成右,放射科发现错后,拍了左手,却将一个“右”字铅号贴在X线片上。入院后值班医师在主诉中写左,诊断上又写右,手术通知单上也写右。术前备皮时,护士仍在右臂备皮。手术医生术前曾去查看患者,检查出是左臂跌伤,手术时竟仍在右臂上开了刀,暴露到关节囊未见异常时,经再次询问病儿,方发现开错了手术部位。该事件的主要责任者是(  )。", "options": {"A": "放射线医师", "B": "接诊医师", "C": "备皮护士", "D": "手术医师"}, "answer": "手术医师", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某女性患者,45岁。体检结果显示:血压180/100mmHg,体重68kg,身高160cm(BMI=26.6),甘油三酯4.5mmol/L,胆固醇5.1mmol/L。3.针对该患者开出运动处方中,不合适的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "运动频率每周2次,每次20分钟", "B": "运动中合理补液", "C": "中等至高等强度运动", "D": "减重同时加强肌肉力量锻炼"}, "answer": "运动中合理补液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是脊髓前角γ运动神经元的作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "维持肌紧张", "B": "使梭外肌收缩", "C": "使腱器官兴奋", "D": "调节肌梭对牵拉刺激的敏感性"}, "answer": "调节肌梭对牵拉刺激的敏感性", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有关白血病的叙述,下列哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "Ph染色体仅见于慢性粒细胞白血病", "B": "急性淋巴细胞白血病无Auer小体", "C": "慢性粒细胞白血病中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶活性减低", "D": "红白血病幼红细胞糖原染色呈强阳性"}, "answer": "Ph染色体仅见于慢性粒细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女孩4个月,冬季出生,足月顺产,单纯牛奶喂养,近半月来烦躁、多汗、夜间睡眠不好。3.指导患儿用VitD治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "400IU/d,持续1个月", "B": "1万IU/d,持续1个月", "C": "10万IU/d,持续1周", "D": "30万IU/d,持续1周"}, "answer": "1万IU/d,持续1个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,男,4个月,发热、咳嗽、喘憋3天。查体:体温37.5℃,呼吸68次/分,呼气性呼吸困难,呼气时有呻吟,伴明显鼻扇及三凹征,满肺喘鸣音,底部有细湿啰音。血象:白细胞7.0×109/L,淋巴细胞占0.78。诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎", "B": "肺炎支原体肺炎", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "D": "革兰阴性杆菌肺炎"}, "answer": "呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医师进行实验性临床医疗,应当(  )。", "options": {"A": "征得本人同意", "B": "经医院批准", "C": "经医院批准并征得患者本人或者其家属同意", "D": "经医院批准或者征得患者本人及家属同意"}, "answer": "经医院批准并征得患者本人或者其家属同意", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "40岁男性,头痛,伴恶心、呕吐3个月,近3天来头痛剧烈,呕吐呈喷射性,全身无力,不能站立。查体:患者嗜睡,痛苦病容,眼底见视神经乳头高度水肿,边缘有火焰状出血,体温37℃。2个月前当时脑脊液检查WBC 0.01×109/L。4.禁忌的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰椎穿刺", "B": "颅X线片", "C": "MRI检查", "D": "脑血流图检查"}, "answer": "腰椎穿刺", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,25岁。白带增多5天。有不洁性交史。妇科检查:小阴唇内侧及外阴部见3个菜花状赘生物。为确诊应进行的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阴道分泌物培养", "B": "赘生物活组织检查", "C": "血常规、尿常规", "D": "B超检查"}, "answer": "赘生物活组织检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某女性患者,35岁。颈部增粗半年,甲状腺摄131I率增高,且高峰前移,提示其疾病为(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯性甲状腺肿", "B": "地方性甲状腺肿", "C": "毒性弥漫性甲状腺肿", "D": "亚急性甲状腺炎"}, "answer": "毒性弥漫性甲状腺肿", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.上述哪项产生IL-2?(  )", "options": {"A": "Th1", "B": "Th2", "C": "NK", "D": "Mφ"}, "answer": "Th1", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于精神分裂症患者,下列说法正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "无感知觉障碍", "B": "无智能障碍", "C": "无情感障碍", "D": "无意志与行为障碍"}, "answer": "无智能障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,52岁,发现右乳外上象限肿块1周,查肿块约2.0cm×1.5cm,质硬,活动度小。1.对诊断最有价值的检查方法为(  )。", "options": {"A": "细针穿刺细胞学", "B": "超声波", "C": "肿块切除冰冻切片病理", "D": "同位素扫描"}, "answer": "肿块切除冰冻切片病理", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心理评估常用的方法不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "会谈法", "B": "实验法", "C": "作品分析法", "D": "心理测验法"}, "answer": "实验法", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男孩,5岁。水肿伴尿少3天,病前2天有“上感”史。查体:BP 90/60mmHg,眼睑及颜面水肿,双下肢凹陷性水肿,实验室检查:血浆清蛋白22g/L,胆固醇7.2mmol/L,肾功能正常,血C3 1.25g/L,PPD试验(-),尿常规:RBC 10/HP,蛋白(++++)。2.首选的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "泼尼松", "B": "青霉素", "C": "环孢素A", "D": "甲泼尼龙"}, "answer": "泼尼松", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "血中PaCO2升高引起呼吸加深加快是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "直接刺激中枢的呼吸神经元", "B": "刺激中枢化学感受器", "C": "刺激颈动脉体和主动脉体感受器", "D": "刺激心肺感受器"}, "answer": "刺激中枢化学感受器", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男婴5个月,咳嗽1天,发热3小时。就诊过程中突然双目凝视,口吐白沫,四肢强直,呼之不应,持续1~2分钟缓解。查体:T 39.3℃,咽红,心肺腹及神经系统无异常,最可能诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低钙惊厥", "B": "化脓性脑膜炎", "C": "癫痫", "D": "热性惊厥"}, "answer": "热性惊厥", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,35岁。反复发作血尿1年,加重3周。多出现在急性咽炎后1~3天。查体:BP 150/100mmHg,下肢轻度水肿。尿沉渣镜检:RBC 5~10/HP。尿蛋白定量1.25g/L。血肌酐88μmol/L。最可能的肾脏病理诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膜增生性肾小球肾炎", "B": "微小病变型肾病", "C": "IgA肾病", "D": "新月体性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "IgA肾病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.急性肾盂肾炎尿中最常见的管型为(  )。", "options": {"A": "白细胞管型", "B": "红细胞管型", "C": "透明管型", "D": "颗粒管型"}, "answer": "白细胞管型", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,24岁,突然意识不清,跌倒,全身强直数秒钟后抽搐,咬破舌。2分钟后抽搐停止。醒后活动正常。2.应进一步做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑电图", "B": "脑脊液检查", "C": "脑血管造影", "D": "经颅超声多普勒"}, "answer": "脑电图", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于柠檬酸—丙酮酸循环的叙述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "提供NADH", "B": "参与TAC的部分反应", "C": "使乙酰CoA进入胞液", "D": "提供NADPH"}, "answer": "提供NADH", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在测量基础代谢率时,正确的做法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "测量前一天晚上的饮食不受任何限制", "B": "受试者应处于睡眠状态", "C": "受试者无精神紧张和肌肉活动", "D": "室温不限高低,但要求恒定不变"}, "answer": "受试者无精神紧张和肌肉活动", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者听到有人斥责、讽刺、辱骂他,有人为他辩护、同情、赞扬他,查四处无人,是(  )。", "options": {"A": "命令性幻听", "B": "评论性幻听", "C": "言语运动性幻觉", "D": "读心症"}, "answer": "评论性幻听", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,26岁,牙龈出血伴月经过多1年,双下肢可见散在出血点及紫癜,肝脾不大,血红蛋白90g/L,白细胞5.5×109/L,分类正常,血小板25 ×109/L,尿常规正常。2.明确诊断需做(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓检查", "B": "Coombs试验", "C": "出血时间测定", "D": "网织红细胞"}, "answer": "骨髓检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "足月女婴,自然分娩,出生体重3kg,娩出时Apgar评分4分,抢救10分钟后评9分。生后2小时出现凝视、哭声单调,继而全身抽搐,肌张力偏高,为控制惊厥,应首先采用(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌注呋塞米(速尿)3mg", "B": "肌注地塞米松15mg", "C": "20%甘露醇10mL静脉推注", "D": "苯巴比妥60mg 15~30分钟内静滴"}, "answer": "苯巴比妥60mg 15~30分钟内静滴", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性化脓性阑尾炎,行麦氏切口阑尾切除术。下列描述不正确的有(  )。", "options": {"A": "阑尾残端妥善处理,防止术后发生肠瘘", "B": "腹腔局部使用抗生素冲洗", "C": "腹腔可不放引流", "D": "腹腔脓液,应仔细清除"}, "answer": "腹腔局部使用抗生素冲洗", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,25岁,腹痛、腹泻、发热38.7℃,经治疗6天后症状消失。3周后出现双肩臂无力,次日双大腿行走费力,手足疼痛麻木,2天后四肢完全不能活动。查体:四肢弛缓性瘫,无感觉障碍。1.该患者最可能累及的结构为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓丘脑束", "B": "脊神经运动根", "C": "脊神经感觉根", "D": "脊髓前联合"}, "answer": "脊神经运动根", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,40岁,农民,因发热5天于2月25日入院,伴头痛、眼胀痛、腰痛、恶心,曾呕吐两次。体检:体温38.5℃,血压60/45mmHg,面颈部皮肤潮红,双眼球结膜水肿,两腋下可见散在出血点。外周血白细胞16.4×109/L,中性粒细胞0.74,血小板54×109/L;尿蛋白(++)。3.目前最迫切的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用抗生素", "B": "使用血管活性药物", "C": "应用糖皮质激素", "D": "补充血容量"}, "answer": "补充血容量", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "良性高血压病患者,长期不愈后,该病人全身血管出现的主要病变为(  )。", "options": {"A": "中等动脉硬化", "B": "小动脉黏液样变", "C": "细动脉玻璃样变", "D": "细动脉脂质沉积"}, "answer": "细动脉玻璃样变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "质粒的主要成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "RNA", "B": "蛋白质", "C": "DNA与蛋白质", "D": "DNA"}, "answer": "DNA", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "脑出血最常见的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血液病", "B": "高血压和脑动脉硬化", "C": "脑动脉炎", "D": "脑血管畸形"}, "answer": "高血压和脑动脉硬化", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性30岁,既往健康,晨起发病,四肢无力,进行性加重,2天后来诊。查体:脑神经正常,四肢肌力0级,腱反射弱,病理反射阴性,无感觉障碍。4.其首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "三叉神经痛(第三支)", "B": "三叉神经痛(第二支)", "C": "牙痛", "D": "鼻窦炎"}, "answer": "三叉神经痛(第二支)", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,66岁。进行性呼吸困难伴干咳1年,无吸烟史。查体:双下肺可闻及爆裂音。可见杵状指。胸部CT提示:双下肺蜂窝状改变。最可能的肺功能指标改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "FEV1/FVC减低", "B": "TLC减低", "C": "DLco增高", "D": "TLC升高"}, "answer": "TLC减低", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,47岁,既往慢性乙型病毒性肝炎病史10余年,1月前出现右上腹隐痛不适。查体:右腹部膨隆,可扪及质地坚硬,表面凹凸不平的肿块,移动性浊音阳性,腹腔积液为血性。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性肝癌", "B": "肝囊肿", "C": "肝脓肿", "D": "肝血管瘤"}, "answer": "原发性肝癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "正常人空腹时血糖水平(mmoL/L)是(  )。", "options": {"A": "4.0~5.5", "B": "3.0~3.5", "C": "4.5~5.5", "D": "5.5~6.5"}, "answer": "4.5~5.5", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.急性阑尾炎患者,出现寒战、高热及巩膜黄染,最可能的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阑尾坏疽穿孔", "B": "阑尾类癌", "C": "形成阑尾周围脓肿", "D": "门静脉炎"}, "answer": "门静脉炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.卵巢上皮癌采用(  )。", "options": {"A": "顺铂+紫杉醇", "B": "紫杉醇+卡铂", "C": "顺铂+长春新碱", "D": "博来霉素+长春新碱"}, "answer": "紫杉醇+卡铂", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,36岁。患慢性肝炎8年,要求给予避孕指导。最适合的避孕措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阴茎套避孕", "B": "口服短效避孕药", "C": "安全期避孕", "D": "长效避孕针"}, "answer": "阴茎套避孕", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.最可能是乳腺纤维腺瘤的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺内有多发胀痛、质韧之肿块", "B": "乳腺内有单发、光滑、活动度大的肿物", "C": "乳腺内有单发、质硬、活动度差的肿物", "D": "乳腺内有单发囊性结节"}, "answer": "乳腺内有单发、光滑、活动度大的肿物", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "脑血栓形成最常发生于下述哪条动脉?(  )", "options": {"A": "颈内动脉", "B": "大脑前动脉", "C": "大脑中动脉", "D": "大脑后动脉"}, "answer": "大脑中动脉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "中度营养不良患者指体重与健康时相比,无水肿而体重丢失达(  )。", "options": {"A": ">50%", "B": "40%~50%", "C": "20%~30%", "D": "<20%"}, "answer": "20%~30%", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3岁先天性心脏病患儿,平时无发绀,来院就诊。心导管检查:右心房血氧含量较上下腔静脉平均血氧含量高1.9Vol/dl,胸部X线检查:右房右室增大,肺动脉段突出。1.此患儿最可能出现的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸骨左缘第2、3肋间收缩期喷射性杂音,P2减低", "B": "胸骨左缘第2、3肋间收缩期喷射性杂音,P2增强、分裂固定", "C": "胸骨左缘第2肋间连续性机器样杂音,P2亢进", "D": "心尖部舒张中期隆隆样杂音,P2亢进"}, "answer": "胸骨左缘第2、3肋间收缩期喷射性杂音,P2增强、分裂固定", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对铜绿假单胞菌特征的错误叙述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氧化酶试验阳性", "B": "可产生脂溶性色素", "C": "抵抗力强且对多种抗生素耐药", "D": "通过接触引起医源性传播"}, "answer": "可产生脂溶性色素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.患者有黄疸症状,无腹痛、发热。查体可触及肿大的胆囊。但无压痛。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒性肝炎", "B": "肝硬化", "C": "胆总管结石", "D": "壶腹部肿瘤"}, "answer": "壶腹部肿瘤", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,55岁。间断少尿、腹胀1年,腹痛、低烧1周。既往肝炎肝硬化病史15年。查体:T 37.5℃,P 84/次,R 18次/分,BP 90/60mmHg。双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿啰音,心律齐,腹膨隆,全腹轻压痛,无反跳痛,移动性浊音阳性。腹水常规:比重1.017,蛋白28g/L,细胞总数920×106/L,白细胞数800×106/L,多形核细胞0.80。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "自发性腹膜炎", "B": "原发性肝癌", "C": "门静脉血栓形成", "D": "结核性腹膜炎"}, "answer": "自发性腹膜炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "按《母婴保健法》规定,从事医学技术鉴定的人员,必须具有(  )。", "options": {"A": "医学遗传学知识,并具有满4年住院医师工作经验", "B": "临床经验,并具有主治医师以上的技术职务", "C": "临床经验和医学遗传学知识,并具有主治医师以上的专业技术职务", "D": "临床经验和医学遗传学知识,并具有副主任医师以上的专业技术职务"}, "answer": "临床经验和医学遗传学知识,并具有主治医师以上的专业技术职务", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列情形中,应当被注销执业医师注册的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中止医师执业活动满一年的", "B": "受罚款行政处罚的", "C": "受暂停执业6个月行政处罚的", "D": "构成医疗事故罪而被判处刑罚的"}, "answer": "构成医疗事故罪而被判处刑罚的", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "继发性化脓性腹膜炎病情重的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "厌氧菌感染", "B": "链球菌感染", "C": "变形杆菌感染", "D": "混合性感染"}, "answer": "混合性感染", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项不属于医学伦理学的基本原则?(  )", "options": {"A": "不伤害原则", "B": "人道主义原则", "C": "有利原则", "D": "尊重原则"}, "answer": "人道主义原则", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,32岁。肛门肿胀伴畏寒、发热4周。症状反复发作并逐渐加重,伴有排尿不适,肛门旁出现局部红肿疼痛,继之破溃流出脓液。确保疗效的关键步骤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗感染治疗后手术", "B": "1:5000高锰酸钾溶液坐浴", "C": "明确破溃外口和内口的位置", "D": "首先充分扩肛"}, "answer": "明确破溃外口和内口的位置", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.参与尿素合成(  )。", "options": {"A": "核蛋白体循环", "B": "γ谷氨酰基循环", "C": "鸟氨酸循环", "D": "丙氨酸—葡萄糖循环"}, "answer": "鸟氨酸循环", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "应用心理学的方法影响或改变病人的感受、认识、情感和行为,调整个体与环境之间的平衡,称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "心理治疗", "B": "心理诊断", "C": "心理咨询", "D": "心理适应"}, "answer": "心理治疗", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,50岁。门静脉高压症食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血,给予三腔管压迫止血及快速输血输液治疗,出血停止。此时,心率150次/分,血压90/70mmHg,中心静脉压20cmH2O,提示该病人最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血容量不足", "B": "肝性脑病", "C": "心功能不全", "D": "容量血管过度收缩"}, "answer": "心功能不全", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "引起口唇疱疹的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HSV-1", "B": "CMV", "C": "VZV", "D": "EBV"}, "answer": "HSV-1", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,49岁。接触性出血10个月。妇科检查发现:宫颈有4cm×4cm菜花状肿物,累及阴道上2/3,周围无盆腔浸润,该患者最应该行的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫颈锥切术", "B": "子宫切除术及盆腔淋巴结清扫术", "C": "放疗", "D": "手术加放疗"}, "answer": "子宫切除术及盆腔淋巴结清扫术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.5岁男孩,发热,咳嗽1周,气促,精神正常,食欲尚可,无明显异物史,查体:体温37.8℃,双肺呼吸音粗糙及有不固定的干湿啰音,胸部X线显示肺纹理增粗,诊断最大的可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管异物", "B": "急性支气管炎", "C": "支气管哮喘", "D": "哮喘性支气管炎"}, "answer": "急性支气管炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "细菌性痢疾的病变部位主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙状结肠、直肠", "B": "十二指肠", "C": "空肠", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "乙状结肠、直肠", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,38岁。月经周期28天,有排卵,于月经周期第11天刮宫,镜检子宫内膜应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "增生期中期", "B": "增生期晚期", "C": "分泌期早期", "D": "分泌期中期"}, "answer": "增生期晚期", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不属于突发公共卫生事件的分类的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "重大传染病疫情", "B": "重大食物中毒和职业病", "C": "个别医疗事故伤亡", "D": "其他严重影响公众健康的事件"}, "answer": "个别医疗事故伤亡", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,女,9个月,因面色不好就医,Hb110g/L。为了明确该婴是否有体内储铁减少,哪项为最重要的试验检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "铁饱和度", "B": "血清铁测定", "C": "总铁结合力测定", "D": "铁蛋白测定"}, "answer": "铁蛋白测定", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在血吸虫发育各阶段中,引起人体主要病理改变的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尾蚴", "B": "虫卵", "C": "幼虫", "D": "毛蚴"}, "answer": "虫卵", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性乳腺炎的治疗原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "切开引流,静脉应用抗菌素", "B": "消除感染,排空乳汁", "C": "细菌培养,用敏感抗菌素", "D": "停止哺乳,口服溴隐亭"}, "answer": "消除感染,排空乳汁", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,64岁,吸烟。反复咳嗽、咳白色泡沫痰20余年,气促15年,近3天因受凉后出现发热伴咳黄脓痰,气喘不能平卧。查体:双肺语颤减弱,可闻及散在干、湿啰音,心界缩小,心率120次/分。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管扩张", "B": "支气管哮喘", "C": "慢性支气管炎急性发作", "D": "肺癌"}, "answer": "慢性支气管炎急性发作", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,40岁。1小时前游泳时溺水送来急诊。查体:P 120次/分,R 34次/分,BP 90/60mmHg,神志尚清,烦躁不安,口唇发绀,两肺可闻及广泛湿性啰音,动脉血气分析(FiO2=50%):pH 7.52,PaCO2 30mmHg,PaO2 60mmHg。1.该患者出现严重呼吸衰竭最主要的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺泡通气量下降", "B": "呼吸中枢活动减弱", "C": "肺内分流显著增加", "D": "通气/血流比例失调"}, "answer": "肺内分流显著增加", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性脑病综合征常发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "抑郁症", "C": "精神发育迟滞", "D": "监护病房中的垂危病人"}, "answer": "监护病房中的垂危病人", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,52岁,9月18日来诊,发热两周伴腹泻。查体:皮肤可见荨麻疹,脾可及,肝未及,血WBC 12×109/L,嗜酸性粒细胞40%,ALT 86U/L。采集病史时应特别注意询问(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核病史", "B": "疫水接触史", "C": "近期用药史", "D": "腹泻次数、性质"}, "answer": "疫水接触史", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "检测IgE含量常用的简单方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单向免疫扩散", "B": "ELISA", "C": "对流电泳", "D": "火箭电泳"}, "answer": "ELISA", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗骨折不可轻易切开复位内固定,最主要的原因(  )。", "options": {"A": "易损伤大血管,引起肢体坏死", "B": "损伤神经,引起肢体瘫痪", "C": "影响骨折血运,导致延迟愈合或不愈合", "D": "手术后发生感染,形成骨髓炎"}, "answer": "影响骨折血运,导致延迟愈合或不愈合", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.在安全环境下,患者感到一种突如其来的惊恐体验,有濒死感,可伴有呼吸困难,四肢麻木,全身无力。此病情属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "强迫观念", "B": "惊恐障碍", "C": "强制性思维", "D": "被害妄想"}, "answer": "惊恐障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.溃疡(  )。", "options": {"A": "具有两端开口的病理性通道", "B": "只有一端开口的盲管", "C": "表面或黏膜上皮坏死脱落形成较深缺损", "D": "单个毛囊发生的化脓性炎"}, "answer": "表面或黏膜上皮坏死脱落形成较深缺损", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于游离胆红素的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "水溶性大", "B": "易透过生物膜", "C": "与重氮试剂呈直接反应", "D": "胆红素与葡萄糖醛酸结合"}, "answer": "易透过生物膜", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,32岁。腹泻3个月,大便每日7~10次,稀便,无脓血及黏液。有吸毒史2年。查体:T 37.5℃,消瘦,神志清楚,肛门周围可见疱疹。实验室检查:粪便镜检偶见白细胞。为明确诊断最重要的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗单纯疱疹病毒IgM", "B": "抗EBVIgM", "C": "抗CMVIgM", "D": "抗HIV"}, "answer": "抗HIV", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "高白细胞性白血病的白细胞数量最低限是(  )。", "options": {"A": "80×109/L", "B": "200×109/L", "C": "100×109/L", "D": "50×109/L"}, "answer": "100×109/L", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "申请个体行医的,须经执业医师注册后在医疗、预防、保健机构中执业满(  )。", "options": {"A": "2年", "B": "1年", "C": "3年", "D": "5年"}, "answer": "5年", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于己糖激酶叙述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "催化反应生成6-磷酸果糖", "B": "使葡萄糖活化以便参加反应", "C": "己糖激酶又称为葡萄糖激酶", "D": "是酵解途径的惟一的关键酶"}, "answer": "使葡萄糖活化以便参加反应", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列各项中错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "禁食最初数日内机体能量主要由肝糖原提供", "B": "禁食最初数日内机体能量主要由肌糖原提供", "C": "禁食最初数日内机体能量主要由糖原、蛋白质提供", "D": "禁食最初数日内机体能量主要由糖原、脂肪提供"}, "answer": "禁食最初数日内机体能量主要由糖原、蛋白质提供", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿诊断为易位型21-三体综合征,其母亲为D/G平衡易位,则第二胎的风险率为(  )。", "options": {"A": "100%", "B": "20%", "C": "10%", "D": "50%"}, "answer": "10%", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,33岁,一年来反复出现情绪低落,有自杀企图。有时又说:“我肯定被人害死。”癫痫大发作一次。神经系统检查:站立不稳,走路跌跌撞撞,右侧上下肢肌张力增高,右侧巴氏征(+)。精神检查:意识清晰,被害妄想,反应迟钝,随地小便,表情呆板。脑脊液:压力190mmH20,成分正常。头颅平片:蝶鞍明显扩大,鞍背及后床突已吸收消失。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "抑郁症", "C": "脑肿瘤所致精神障碍", "D": "脑血管病所致精神障碍"}, "answer": "脑肿瘤所致精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "目前免疫缺陷病的治疗原则主要有(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓移植", "B": "基因治疗", "C": "输入Ig或免疫细胞", "D": "以上都正确"}, "answer": "以上都正确", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.某识别6核苷酸序列的限制性内切酶切割5′—CTGCA▼GAGTC—3′产生(  )。", "options": {"A": "5′突出末端", "B": "3′突出末端", "C": "5′及3′突出末端", "D": "5′或3′突出末端"}, "answer": "3′突出末端", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.蛋白质分子三级结构的稳定因素(  )。", "options": {"A": "氢键、盐键、疏水键和二硫键", "B": "加热", "C": "双曲线", "D": "α-螺旋"}, "answer": "氢键、盐键、疏水键和二硫键", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "通过膜受体发挥作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺素", "B": "肾上腺素", "C": "维生素D", "D": "肾上腺皮质激素"}, "answer": "肾上腺素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列疾病中哪一项不属于心身疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "原发性青光眼", "B": "梅尼埃综合征", "C": "原发性高血压", "D": "慢性酒中毒"}, "answer": "慢性酒中毒", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "Perthes试验的目的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "深静脉是否通畅", "B": "检测交通静脉功能", "C": "检测桡骨茎突是否病变", "D": "检测大隐静脉与深静脉交通瓣膜功能"}, "answer": "深静脉是否通畅", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心理治疗的最终目标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "改善患者的人格体系", "B": "改善患者的情绪", "C": "提高患者的觉悟", "D": "改善患者的外貌"}, "answer": "改善患者的人格体系", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不属于由脑干整合而完成的姿势反射是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腱反射", "B": "迷路紧张反射", "C": "颈紧张反射", "D": "直线和旋转加速度反射"}, "answer": "腱反射", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,16岁。被侧塌的房屋压伤后腹痛伴呕吐1小时。查体:P 140次/分,R 26次/分,BP 80/54mmHg,神志清,痛苦面容,腹肌紧张,有压痛和反跳痛,移动性浊音(+),肠鸣音消失。2.若行急症手术,原则上应首先探查(  )。", "options": {"A": "空肠和回肠", "B": "肝脏和脾脏", "C": "十二指肠和胰腺", "D": "结肠和直肠"}, "answer": "肝脏和脾脏", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列不符合猩红热皮疹特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可见口周苍白圈", "B": "在腋窝、腹股沟及皮肤皱折处皮疹稀疏", "C": "常在24小时内遍及全身", "D": "疹退后有脱皮,无色素沉着"}, "answer": "在腋窝、腹股沟及皮肤皱折处皮疹稀疏", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男婴11个月,生后经常便秘、腹胀、少哭,查体:体温36℃,心率70次/分,腹部膨隆,有脐疝,四肢短粗,唇厚舌大。3.服用甲状腺素等维持治疗时要向家属交代最重要的一条是(  )。", "options": {"A": "监测身高", "B": "补充维生素", "C": "症状改善后不能自动停药", "D": "加强智能训练"}, "answer": "症状改善后不能自动停药", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,50岁。右乳头皮肤脱屑、结痂半年。去除痂皮可见糜烂样创面,刮片细胞学检查:可见大而异型、胞质透明的肿瘤细胞。这种细胞称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "镜影细胞", "B": "L&H型细胞", "C": "Paget细胞", "D": "多核瘤巨细胞"}, "answer": "Paget细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "可致纵隔扑动的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "闭合性气胸", "B": "张力性气胸", "C": "开放性气胸", "D": "脓胸"}, "answer": "开放性气胸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.属阿米巴肠溃疡特征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溃疡呈环形与肠的长轴垂直", "B": "溃疡呈长椭圆形与肠的长轴平行", "C": "溃疡呈烧瓶状,口小底大", "D": "溃疡表浅呈地图状"}, "answer": "溃疡呈烧瓶状,口小底大", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,18岁。四肢关节疼痛1年,近2个月出现面颊部对称性红斑,有口腔溃疡反复发作。化验:WBC 2.3×109/L,ESR 46mm/h,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "风湿性关节炎", "B": "类风湿性关节炎", "C": "系统性红斑狼疮", "D": "白塞病"}, "answer": "系统性红斑狼疮", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "桡骨茎突狭窄性腱鞘炎,下述哪一体征为阳性?(  )", "options": {"A": "Finkelstein征", "B": "Thomas征", "C": "Mills征", "D": "Dugas征"}, "answer": "Finkelstein征", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "化脓性关节炎的早期表现中,下列哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "关节疼痛", "B": "发热", "C": "关节肿胀及积液", "D": "X线片见关节面破坏,关节间隙变窄"}, "answer": "X线片见关节面破坏,关节间隙变窄", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性粒细胞白血病的临床特点为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脾脏显著肿大,并有腹胀、低热、乏力", "B": "容易并发感染", "C": "易出血、贫血", "D": "低热、无汗"}, "answer": "脾脏显著肿大,并有腹胀、低热、乏力", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于痴呆综合征哪一项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "有意识障碍", "B": "注意力集中", "C": "全面性智能减退", "D": "妄想"}, "answer": "有意识障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "需血浆置换的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ANCA相关性血管炎伴肺出血", "B": "急性肾衰竭", "C": "急性间质性肾炎", "D": "Ⅲ型狼疮性肾炎"}, "answer": "ANCA相关性血管炎伴肺出血", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "与过期妊娠无关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "羊水过多", "B": "头盆不称", "C": "巨大胎儿", "D": "胎盘缺乏硫酸酯酶"}, "answer": "巨大胎儿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪一项不符合低血糖的症状或表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "心悸", "B": "手抖", "C": "饥饿感", "D": "便频"}, "answer": "便频", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.诱导IgE产生的主要细胞因子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IL-1", "B": "IL-4", "C": "IL-5", "D": "IL-6"}, "answer": "IL-4", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.SLE发病机制为(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅰ型超敏反应", "B": "Ⅲ型超敏反应", "C": "Ⅳ型超敏反应", "D": "以上均不是"}, "answer": "Ⅲ型超敏反应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗小腿丹毒应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "红霉素", "B": "庆大霉素", "C": "氨苄青霉素", "D": "青霉素"}, "answer": "青霉素", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,4个月,冬季出生。生后牛乳喂养,突发四肢抽搐,面肌颤动,两眼上翻,持续数秒至数分钟后自然缓解,1天来发作4~5次,每次缓解后一切活动正常。2.就诊时又出现四肢抽搐,及时处理应给予(  )。", "options": {"A": "止惊剂+钙剂", "B": "止惊剂+脱水剂", "C": "止惊剂+抗生素", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "止惊剂+钙剂", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.过期妊娠OCT试验阳性的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "剖宫产", "B": "破膜引产", "C": "促宫颈成熟", "D": "胎头吸引助产"}, "answer": "剖宫产", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,28岁。发热、皮肤出血点2周。查体:贫血貌,四肢皮肤散在出血点,胸骨压痛(+),左肺可闻及少许湿啰音,腹软,脾肋下1cm。血常规:Hb 71g/L,WBC 3.0×109/L,PLT 6×109/L。骨髓细胞学检查见原始细胞占比0.90,细胞化学染色:MPO(-),PAS(+),骨髓染色体检查为正常核型。应首选的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "VDLP方案化疗", "B": "甲磺酸伊马替尼口服", "C": "DA方案化疗", "D": "环孢素口服"}, "answer": "VDLP方案化疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,31岁。口服有机磷农药30ml后出现口吐白沫、呼吸困难立即入院,经洗胃、碘解磷定及阿托品治疗后症状缓解,但24小时后再次出现呼吸困难。查体:R 6~8次/分,BP 112/65mmHg,昏迷,呼吸浅慢,皮肤湿冷,瞳孔针尖样,双肺可闻及啰音,心率50~60次/分。急诊处理正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即气管插管机械通气治疗,然后给予解毒剂治疗", "B": "立即解毒治疗,导泻,必要时气管插管", "C": "立即气管插含机械通气治疗,强心、利尿治疗", "D": "立即给予呼吸兴奋剂+解毒治疗"}, "answer": "立即气管插管机械通气治疗,然后给予解毒剂治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "使用明尼苏达多项人格调查表(MMPI)对某人的人格特征测量、分析和评价,属(  )。", "options": {"A": "观察法", "B": "调查法", "C": "作品分析法", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "以上都不是", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男孩,5岁,发热,喷射性呕吐3天,伴剧烈头痛1天,全身性抽搐2次,每次约3分钟缓解,抽搐后嗜睡。查体:神志恍惚,面色灰白,体温38.8℃。末梢血检查:白细胞明显升高,以中性粒细胞为主。2.为确定诊断为化脓性脑膜炎,最重要的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰穿做脑脊液,免疫球蛋白测定", "B": "腰穿做脑脊液,常规及生化", "C": "血常规,白细胞总数和分类", "D": "脑CT检查"}, "answer": "腰穿做脑脊液,常规及生化", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是参与Ⅰ型超敏反应的最重要的Ig?(  )", "options": {"A": "IgM", "B": "IgG", "C": "sIgA", "D": "IgE"}, "answer": "IgE", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "良性高血压病(缓进型高血压病)最有特征性的动脉病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉粥样硬化", "B": "细动脉透明变性", "C": "细动脉纤维素样变性", "D": "小动脉内膜纤维组织增生"}, "answer": "细动脉透明变性", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,40岁,烧伤后3小时入院。疼痛剧烈,感口渴。面色苍白,心率150次/分,血压85/65mmHg,头颈部、躯干部布满大小不等水疱,可见潮红创面。双上肢呈焦黄色,无水疱。2.该患者Ⅲ度烧伤面积为(  )。", "options": {"A": "1×9%", "B": "2×9%", "C": "3×9%", "D": "5×9%"}, "answer": "2×9%", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "45岁男性,经理,送来急诊,自述半小时前突然感到气紧、胸闷、心悸、头晕、出汗,认为生命垂危,要求紧急处理。近1个月来,这种情况发生过3次,每次持续约0.5~1小时,发病间隙期一切正常,发病与饮食无明显关系。3.最适宜的急诊处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "输入葡萄糖", "B": "输入氧气", "C": "抗癫痫药", "D": "地西泮注射"}, "answer": "地西泮注射", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "风湿热,心电图最常见的变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "室性期前收缩", "B": "低电压", "C": "QT延长", "D": "I度房室传导阻滞"}, "answer": "I度房室传导阻滞", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.上述哪项不宜用于变异型心绞痛?(  )", "options": {"A": "普萘洛尔", "B": "地尔硫", "C": "硝苯地平", "D": "维拉帕米"}, "answer": "普萘洛尔", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肌张力障碍的临床表现是一组肌群的(  )。", "options": {"A": "伸肌和屈肌张力呈断续停顿样增强", "B": "低张力伴无目的、急速多变的不自主动作", "C": "主动肌和拮抗肌不协调收缩,出现不自主运动和异常姿势", "D": "主动肌和拮抗肌协调收缩,出现不自主运动和异常姿势"}, "answer": "主动肌和拮抗肌不协调收缩,出现不自主运动和异常姿势", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "白化病患者缺陷的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "酪氨酸转氨酸", "B": "苯丙氨酸转氨酶", "C": "酪氨酸酶", "D": "多巴脱羧酶"}, "answer": "酪氨酸酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,25岁,头部摔伤,着力点位于右侧颞枕,就医时出现“熊猫眼”征,鼻孔流出血性液体,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑震荡", "B": "双侧视神经损伤", "C": "双眼结膜出血", "D": "颅前窝底骨折"}, "answer": "颅前窝底骨折", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.提早出现P波,形态与窦性P波略异,其后无相关QRS波(  )。", "options": {"A": "房性期前收缩", "B": "房室交界性期前收缩", "C": "室性期前收缩", "D": "房性期前收缩未下传"}, "answer": "房性期前收缩未下传", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "病人感到周围环境变得灰蒙蒙一片,没有生气,似乎隔着一层膜,此症状最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "幻觉", "B": "非真实感", "C": "交替人格", "D": "双重人格"}, "answer": "非真实感", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一男性,某省厅干部,平时不嗜烟酒,生活规律;但性情急躁,易激动,工作认真,争强好胜,雄心勃勃。1年前单位减员时调入某厂工作,常因小事上火,发脾气。3日前因心绞痛入院,诊断为冠心病。4.对于病人应采取的干预措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "药物疗法", "B": "认知疗法", "C": "放松疗法", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "类风湿关节炎的基本病理改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "炎症细胞浸润", "B": "B淋巴细胞大量增殖", "C": "滑膜炎", "D": "关节骨性增生"}, "answer": "滑膜炎", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "金黄色葡萄球菌感染常引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "出血性炎", "B": "脓肿", "C": "蜂窝织炎", "D": "纤维索性炎"}, "answer": "脓肿", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,62岁。绝经11年,阴道反复出血4个月就诊。查体:肥胖,一般情况好,血压150/105mmHg。妇科检查:阴道少许血液,宫颈光滑,子宫正常大,双附件正常。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫颈癌", "B": "老年性子宫内膜炎", "C": "老年性阴道炎", "D": "子宫内膜癌"}, "answer": "子宫内膜癌", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1岁男孩,发热、咳嗽、气促1周,近1天惊厥4次,意识不清。查体:嗜睡,双眼凝视,球结膜水肿,前囟隆起,双肺散在中细湿啰音,脑膜刺激征阳性,巴氏征阳性。脑脊液除压力增高外,其他均正常。该病例诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎合并轻度缺氧", "B": "肺炎合并化脑", "C": "肺炎合并心衰", "D": "肺炎合并脑水肿"}, "answer": "肺炎合并脑水肿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列疾病可表现为肠鸣音活跃的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上消化道出血", "B": "肠系膜上动脉栓塞", "C": "麻痹性肠梗阻", "D": "上消化道穿孔"}, "answer": "上消化道出血", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "引起原发性非典型肺炎的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎支原体", "B": "普氏立克次体", "C": "肺炎链球菌", "D": "奋森螺旋体"}, "answer": "肺炎支原体", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.淋巴结发育起始的胎龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "5周", "B": "10周", "C": "20周", "D": "40周"}, "answer": "10周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "与系统性红斑狼疮活动性密切相关的自身抗体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体", "B": "抗SSA抗体", "C": "抗scl-70抗体", "D": "抗dsDNA抗体"}, "answer": "抗dsDNA抗体", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.甲状腺功能亢进症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内分泌功能亢进", "B": "内分泌功能正常", "C": "激素受体不敏感", "D": "下丘脑—垂体—靶腺轴的反馈抑制所致功能减退"}, "answer": "内分泌功能亢进", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列关于医德修养意义的描述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是建设社会主义精神文明的需要", "B": "是国家卫生立法的需要", "C": "促使医务人员形成高尚的医德观念", "D": "促使医务人员提高医德评价的能力"}, "answer": "是国家卫生立法的需要", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.肺腺癌(  )。", "options": {"A": "周围型多见", "B": "弥漫型多见", "C": "常具有内分泌功能", "D": "肿瘤呈胶冻状"}, "answer": "周围型多见", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于呋塞米,哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "利尿作用强,同时能增加肾血流量", "B": "利尿作用机制是抑制髓袢升支髓质段的Na+、Cl-共同转运", "C": "不应当与氨基糖苷类抗生素同时应用", "D": "可用于治疗急性肾功能衰竭"}, "answer": "利尿作用机制是抑制髓袢升支髓质段的Na+、Cl-共同转运", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.测验取样的平均值,即正常或平均的成绩称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "信度", "B": "效度", "C": "常模", "D": "客观性原则"}, "answer": "常模", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下哪项是膝腱反射的中枢?(  )", "options": {"A": "L1~3", "B": "T12~L2", "C": "L2~4", "D": "L5~S2"}, "answer": "L2~4", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "治疗流行性脑脊髓膜炎的最佳联合用药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素+四环素", "B": "青霉素+链霉素", "C": "青霉素+磺胺嘧啶", "D": "青霉素+氧氟沙星"}, "answer": "青霉素+磺胺嘧啶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "当妊娠危及胎儿母亲的生命时,可允许行人工流产或引产,这符合(  )。", "options": {"A": "行善原则", "B": "公正原则", "C": "不伤害原则", "D": "自主原则"}, "answer": "不伤害原则", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "45岁女患者,车祸头部受伤,伤后即昏迷,1小时后入院时,中度昏迷,右侧瞳孔散大,光反射消失,左上下肢病理征(+)。2.采取的检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线颅片", "B": "脑电图", "C": "脑血管造影", "D": "CT"}, "answer": "CT", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,42岁。10年前分娩后闭经。1周前因不洁饮食出现腹泻,食欲减退,精神萎靡,卧床不起。今日上午被家人发现神志不清来急诊。查体:BP 80/50mmHg,皮肤苍白,毛发稀疏,消瘦,心率90次/分,血糖2.4mmol/L,胸部X线检查示“左上肺陈旧性结核”。2.低血糖最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "长期营养不良", "B": "肾上腺结核", "C": "早期糖尿病", "D": "腺垂体功能减退"}, "answer": "腺垂体功能减退", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一般来说下列传染病感染后免疫持续时间最长的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒性传染病", "B": "细菌性传染病", "C": "原虫性传染病", "D": "蠕虫病"}, "answer": "病毒性传染病", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "根据克隆选择理论(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋巴细胞具有多功能受体,可与抗原接触后变为特异性受体", "B": "淋巴细胞具有遗传学决定的特异性受体", "C": "巨噬细胞摄人抗原并形成其RNA拷贝并传递给T细胞", "D": "骨髓中的T细胞和B细胞前体都已具有固定的特异性"}, "answer": "淋巴细胞具有遗传学决定的特异性受体", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "枕先露时,通过产道最小径线是指胎头的(  )。", "options": {"A": "枕颏径", "B": "双顶径", "C": "枕下前囟径", "D": "枕顶径"}, "answer": "双顶径", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.髂窝脓肿病灶清除术,切口愈合良好(  )。", "options": {"A": "切口分类及愈合纪录为Ⅰ/甲", "B": "切口分类及愈合纪录为Ⅱ/甲", "C": "切口分类及愈合纪录为Ⅱ/乙", "D": "切口分类及愈合纪录为Ⅲ/甲"}, "answer": "切口分类及愈合纪录为Ⅲ/甲", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,19岁。约2周前曾咳嗽,流涕,近3天感心悸。查体:心界不大,P2>A2,心率96次/分,可闻及频发期前收缩。心脏各瓣膜区未闻及杂音和附加音。心电图示室性期前收缩,血清肌钙蛋白升高。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "感染性心内膜炎", "B": "扩张型心肌病", "C": "急性心肌梗死", "D": "病毒性心肌炎"}, "answer": "病毒性心肌炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某患者被疑为新型隐球菌性脑膜炎,最有意义的快速诊断方法是,采集脑脊液,离心沉渣后,进行(  )。", "options": {"A": "钩端螺旋体培养", "B": "白色念珠菌培养", "C": "涂片后革兰染色", "D": "涂片后墨汁染色"}, "answer": "涂片后墨汁染色", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,65岁,跌倒,臀部着地。当即腰部疼痛,不能活动,首选的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线片", "B": "CT", "C": "超声检查", "D": "核素扫描"}, "answer": "X线片", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,58岁,工作中突然出现头痛、呕吐、左侧肢瘫,随后昏迷,后急送医院。检查:浅昏迷,血压180/120mmHg,瞳孔2mm,光反应正常,左鼻唇沟浅。左侧上下肢瘫,左侧病理征(+)。头颅CT示右基底节有一高密度影,直径约为5cm。2.10小时后昏迷加深,瞳孔不等大,此时最重要的是采取下列哪项治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "抗生素", "B": "脱水剂", "C": "止血药", "D": "降血压药"}, "answer": "脱水剂", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.血吸虫病(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸道感染", "B": "血源性感染", "C": "淋巴道感染", "D": "皮肤接触感染"}, "answer": "皮肤接触感染", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男孩,3岁。体重16kg,双下肢被开水烫伤。查体:BP 85/60mmHg,烦躁不安。双下肢(包括臀部)Ⅱ°烧伤,尿量15ml/h。第一个24小时应补充胶体液的量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "500ml", "B": "800ml", "C": "400ml", "D": "600ml"}, "answer": "600ml", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3岁患儿,高热10小时,伴头痛,频繁呕吐,腹泻3次为稀水样便。查:T 39℃,BP 50/30mmHg,精神萎靡,全身散在大小不等瘀斑,心肺未见异常。CSF检查:细胞数15000×106/L,蛋白微量,葡萄糖2.2mmol/L,该患儿可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "败血症,感染性休克", "B": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "C": "中毒型细菌性痢疾", "D": "化脓性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "中毒型细菌性痢疾", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在霍乱的临床表现中哪一项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "寒战、高热、急性起病", "B": "“米泔水”样吐泻物", "C": "无痛性腹泻", "D": "先泻后吐"}, "answer": "寒战、高热、急性起病", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,45岁,双上睑下垂伴四肢无力1年,晨轻暮重。治疗过程中出现呼吸困难、多汗、流涎、瞳孔缩小,最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "5-HT系统亢进", "B": "肾上腺素能系统亢进", "C": "胆碱能系统抑制", "D": "胆碱能系统亢进"}, "answer": "胆碱能系统亢进", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "卵巢肿瘤患者盆腔X线平片显示牙齿及骨骼提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "内胚窦瘤", "B": "纤维瘤", "C": "颗粒细胞瘤", "D": "畸胎瘤"}, "answer": "畸胎瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列疾病中,最可能于凌晨反复出现咳嗽和气短症状的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性支气管炎", "B": "支气管哮喘", "C": "肺结核", "D": "支气管扩张"}, "answer": "支气管哮喘", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,20岁。因交通事故头顶部可见直径10cm血肿,意识清楚,恶心、呕吐,急救处置时不恰当的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血压、脉搏、呼吸监测", "B": "注意意识状态", "C": "穿刺抽吸头皮下血肿", "D": "给予脱水剂"}, "answer": "穿刺抽吸头皮下血肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "裸露病毒体的结构中不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "DNA", "B": "RNA", "C": "衣壳", "D": "包膜"}, "answer": "包膜", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.心室肌动作电位0期去极化的离子机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Na+内流", "B": "K+外流", "C": "Ca2+内流", "D": "Na+内流和K+外流"}, "answer": "Na+内流", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.术前自身贮血是由(  )。", "options": {"A": "到血站或卫生行政部门批准的采血点无偿献血", "B": "到血站或卫生行政部门批准的采血点卖血", "C": "输血科负责采血和贮血", "D": "经治医师负责采血和贮血"}, "answer": "输血科负责采血和贮血", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.属于糖异生的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶", "B": "丙酮酸脱氢酶", "C": "NADPH脱氢酶", "D": "葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶"}, "answer": "葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项不是钙拮抗剂的适应证(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压", "B": "心绞痛", "C": "心律失常", "D": "水钠潴留"}, "answer": "水钠潴留", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "布洛芬主要用于治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌肉痛、神经痛", "B": "痛经", "C": "感冒发烧", "D": "风湿、类风湿关节炎"}, "answer": "风湿、类风湿关节炎", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于肾上腺腺癌,哪一项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "血中ACTH常降低", "B": "病程长,发展缓慢", "C": "可发生低钾性碱中毒", "D": "女性病人常有明显的男性化"}, "answer": "病程长,发展缓慢", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,26岁,饱餐后剧烈运动时腹痛2小时,阵发性加剧,脐周伴腰背痛,呕吐频繁,吐后症状无缓解,腹肌紧张,脐周有压痛及反跳痛,肠鸣音亢进,有气过水声。5.术后哪项处理是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "0.4g止血芳酸静滴", "B": "20%甘露醇250ml静滴", "C": "给予抗生素预防感染", "D": "支持疗法"}, "answer": "20%甘露醇250ml静滴", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一名中年尸检病例,蛋白尿高血压多年。数年前有多尿、夜尿,多次化验无脓尿、菌尿,近日因面色苍白,呕吐入院,数日后,抽搐、昏迷而死亡,其肾脏肉眼观可能表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "大红肾", "B": "蚤咬肾", "C": "大白肾", "D": "颗粒固缩肾"}, "answer": "颗粒固缩肾", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于乳房脓肿切开引流的说法错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "为避免损伤乳管形成乳痿,应做放射状切开", "B": "乳房后脓肿因沿乳房下缘作弧形切口、经乳房后间隙引流", "C": "脓肿切开后以手指分离脓肿的多房间隔,以利引流", "D": "脓腔较大时,可在脓腔的较高部位另加切口作对口引流"}, "answer": "脓腔较大时,可在脓腔的较高部位另加切口作对口引流", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1克分子琥珀酸脱氢生成延胡索酸时,脱下的1对氢原子经过呼吸链氧化生成水,同时生成几克分子ATP?(  )", "options": {"A": "3", "B": "2", "C": "1", "D": "5"}, "answer": "2", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肉芽组织的组成是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小动脉和纤维母细胞", "B": "毛细血管和胶原纤维", "C": "纤维母细胞和小细胞", "D": "毛细血管和纤维母细胞"}, "answer": "毛细血管和纤维母细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "以下哪项是假性球麻痹的病变部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "副神经核", "B": "双侧皮质延髓束", "C": "皮质脊髓束", "D": "舌咽、迷走神经、舌下神经"}, "answer": "双侧皮质延髓束", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "参与三羧酸循环的化合物不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "枸橼酸", "B": "草酰乙酸", "C": "丙二酸", "D": "琥珀酸"}, "answer": "丙二酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,55岁。发现肝硬化已10年。4天前与朋友聚餐时出现呕血,鲜红色,量约1000mL。患者出现头晕、心慌、出冷汗等。经输血、补液和应用止血药物治疗后病情好转,血压和心率恢复正常。1天前起出现睡眠障碍,并出现幻听和言语不清。化验检查示:血氨130ug/dl,血糖5.6mmol/L,尿素氮7.2mmol/L。2.首先考虑的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗生素治疗", "B": "应用降氨药物", "C": "胰岛素治疗", "D": "血液透析治疗"}, "answer": "应用降氨药物", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "百白破的初种年龄应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2个月", "B": "3个月", "C": "9个月", "D": "12个月"}, "answer": "3个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "X-连锁低丙球蛋白血症属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "T细胞缺陷", "B": "吞噬细胞缺陷", "C": "补体缺陷病", "D": "B细胞缺陷病"}, "answer": "B细胞缺陷病", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.急性早幼粒细胞白血病(M3)首选的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用全反式维A酸", "B": "应用干扰素-α", "C": "放射治疗", "D": "应用羟基脲"}, "answer": "应用全反式维A酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某男64岁,因胸闷、心悸而就诊。经检查证实有主动脉瓣关闭不全,下列哪一项与病情不符合?(  )", "options": {"A": "主动脉瓣听诊区有舒张期杂音", "B": "心室收缩射入主动脉的血量正常", "C": "左室因长期容量过度而扩大", "D": "大动脉脉压增大"}, "answer": "心室收缩射入主动脉的血量正常", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有一男性年轻病人,患慢性。肾炎,近年来症状加重,出现少尿、夜尿以及贫血等表现,此病人肾脏会出现何种改变?(  )", "options": {"A": "肾脏体积缩小,质地软", "B": "肾脏萎缩,颜色红", "C": "肾脏萎缩,质地硬", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "肾脏萎缩,质地硬", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "嘌呤核苷酸从头合成途径首先合成的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "IMP", "B": "XMP", "C": "AMP", "D": "CMP"}, "answer": "IMP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.骨盆入口前后径大于横径.骨盆侧壁稍内聚,坐骨棘较突出,耻骨弓较窄,属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "男型骨盆", "B": "扁平型骨盆", "C": "类人猿型骨盆", "D": "均小骨盆"}, "answer": "类人猿型骨盆", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "25岁男性,春季,主诉寒战、高热,剧烈头痛1天,呕吐3次,查体:神志清楚,体温39.8℃,颈强直(±),皮肤有瘀点,咽部略充血,心肺腹无异常,克氏征(-),血白细胞20×109/L,中性粒85%,腰穿:脑脊液米汤样,细胞数3000×106/L,中性80%,糖1.12mmol/L。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "流行性乙型脑炎", "B": "结核性脑膜炎", "C": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "D": "脑型疟疾"}, "answer": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.能清晰显示尿外渗范围的检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "IVU", "B": "肾动脉造影", "C": "B超", "D": "CT"}, "answer": "CT", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项为钩端螺旋体病最常见的临床类型?(  )", "options": {"A": "单纯型(流感伤寒型)", "B": "黄疸出血型", "C": "肺大出血型", "D": "肾功能衰竭型"}, "answer": "单纯型(流感伤寒型)", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一正常婴儿,体重7.5kg,身长68cm,前囟0.5cm×0.5cm,头围44cm,出牙4颗,能独坐,并能左右转身,能以拇、示指拾物,喜撕纸。该儿最可能的月龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "5个月", "B": "6个月", "C": "8个月", "D": "12个月"}, "answer": "8个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "与大脑半球肿瘤临床表现不符的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多尿", "B": "进行性感觉障碍", "C": "精神症状", "D": "视野缺损"}, "answer": "多尿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,22岁,3周前因上呼吸道感染伴发热5天入院。近1天来胸闷,心悸,气短伴头晕,全身乏力。查体:T 37℃,P 76次/min。BP 96/60mmHg。咽充血,双肺清,未闻及啰音,心脏不大。心律不齐。心率76次/min,第一心音低钝,ECG示频发室性期前收缩,短阵室性心动过速。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性心肌炎", "B": "急性心包炎", "C": "扩张型心肌病", "D": "冠心病"}, "answer": "急性心肌炎", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "糖酵解途径的关键酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳酸脱氢酶", "B": "磷酸果糖激酶-1", "C": "磷酸果糖激酶-2", "D": "3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶"}, "answer": "磷酸果糖激酶-1", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "化学性突触传递的特征中,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "双向性传递", "B": "对内环境变化敏感", "C": "总和", "D": "后放"}, "answer": "双向性传递", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.正常血钾周期性麻痹患者,治疗药物选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯化钾", "B": "氯化钠", "C": "螺内酯", "D": "肾上腺皮质激素"}, "answer": "氯化钠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一患者尿量为2000ml/d,尿比重为1.028,此时应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾硬化症", "B": "尿崩症", "C": "糖尿病", "D": "大量饮水后"}, "answer": "糖尿病", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某患者,发热39℃,脾肝肿大,颈部淋巴结可触及,血液WBC增多,异型淋巴细胞可检出。印象诊断是传染性单核细胞增多症,下列哪项为引起该病的病原体?(  )", "options": {"A": "丙型肝炎病毒", "B": "风疹病毒", "C": "巨细胞病毒", "D": "EB病毒"}, "answer": "EB病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.肺炎支原体肺炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线早于体征,大小不等的片状阴影或融合成大病灶", "B": "肺浸润,多发性肺脓肿", "C": "多种多样,基本改变为支气管肺炎征象", "D": "以肺门阴影增浓为突出"}, "answer": "以肺门阴影增浓为突出", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一个婴儿出生后一直人工喂养牛奶,3个月后只添加鸡蛋,11个月以后,发现此婴儿生长缓慢、消瘦,且面色苍白,这个婴儿可能缺乏(  )。", "options": {"A": "锌", "B": "维生素A", "C": "铁", "D": "碘"}, "answer": "铁", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,35岁。头痛伴视物模糊3个月,偶伴抽搐,曾在大便中发现带状节片。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核性脑膜炎", "B": "病毒性脑膜炎", "C": "脑肿瘤", "D": "脑囊尾蚴病"}, "answer": "脑囊尾蚴病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "神经元之间除了经典突触联系外还存在电突触,其结构基础是(  )。", "options": {"A": "缝隙连接", "B": "交互性突触", "C": "曲张体", "D": "串联性突触"}, "answer": "缝隙连接", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女性,33岁,恶心呕吐,体重下降半年。查体:血压90/60mmHg,皮肤色泽暗黑,口腔粘膜、舌可见黑色素沉着,化验:血糖3.0mmol/L,血钠120mmol/L,血钾5.8mmol/L。你认为此病人最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝硬化", "B": "慢性肾上腺皮质功能减退症", "C": "Cushing病", "D": "胰岛细胞瘤"}, "answer": "慢性肾上腺皮质功能减退症", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.治疗躁狂症首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "碳酸锂", "B": "丙米嗪", "C": "氯丙嗪", "D": "五氟利多"}, "answer": "碳酸锂", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,32岁,胃溃疡史3年,今突然上腹剧痛,面色苍白,大汗。查体:全腹压痛,腹肌紧张,似穿孔。1.胃溃疡穿孔在哪一部位多见?(  )", "options": {"A": "胃大弯", "B": "胃小弯", "C": "胃体", "D": "胃底部"}, "answer": "胃小弯", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肾上腺皮质激素的免疫调节作用为(  )。", "options": {"A": "只对T细胞产生抑制", "B": "只对树突状细胞产生抑制", "C": "只对Mφ产生抑制", "D": "对所有免疫细胞产生抑制"}, "answer": "对所有免疫细胞产生抑制", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "动物感染后引起母畜流产的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "布鲁菌", "B": "鼠疫杆菌", "C": "钩端螺旋体", "D": "空肠弯曲菌"}, "answer": "布鲁菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "目前公认的对大肠癌诊断有意义的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CA199", "B": "AFP", "C": "CEA", "D": "PSA"}, "answer": "CEA", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "连某因患严重躁狂抑郁障碍,正在精神病专科医院住院治疗。因病情恶化,患者出现伤人毁物等行为,医院在没有其他可替代措施的情况下,对其实施了约束身体的措施,但实施后没有及时通知连某的监护人。连某的父亲作为监护人探视时,看到儿子被捆绑在病床上非常气愤。2.对患者连某实施身体约束而未告知其监护人的做法,侵犯的患方权利是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生命权", "B": "健康权", "C": "知情权", "D": "名誉权"}, "answer": "知情权", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者女,65岁,突感恶心呕吐,头痛,不能走路,血压240/150mmHg,神经检查有上睑麻痹,两侧瞳孔等大,直径为3mm,对光反射存在,左侧下运动神经元型面瘫,左侧上下肢共济失调,无感觉异常,较合适的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "基底动脉闭塞", "B": "脑桥出血", "C": "丘脑出血", "D": "小脑出血"}, "answer": "小脑出血", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "标记技术中最敏感的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "酶标记法", "B": "荧光标记法", "C": "放射性核素标记法", "D": "胶体金标记法"}, "answer": "放射性核素标记法", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,60岁,肠梗阻3天入院。查体:血压70/40mmHg,血钠125mmol/L.血钾3.2mmol/L,血气分析pH 7.313.若需要补充碱剂,如果补充碱剂过快,患者不会发生的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "手足抽搐", "B": "神志改变", "C": "高钾血症", "D": "低钾血症"}, "answer": "高钾血症", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一女大学生,l9岁,病前有强迫性人格特征。在一次动物实验中,因抓大白鼠的方法不对而被鼠咬,引起焦虑和恐惧发作,而后表现为见鼠就惊叫、害怕、心跳剧烈,发展到有人谈到鼠也出现焦虑、紧张、出汗症状。病人主动求医,要求治疗。2.应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "疑病性神经症", "B": "恐怖性神经症", "C": "抑郁性神经症", "D": "强迫性神经症"}, "answer": "恐怖性神经症", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "前臂缺血性肌挛缩多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肱骨髁上骨折", "B": "尺、桡骨双折", "C": "尺骨骨折", "D": "桡骨骨折"}, "answer": "肱骨髁上骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "差异性青紫可发生于下列哪一种情况下?(  )", "options": {"A": "法洛四联症", "B": "肺动脉狭窄", "C": "房缺合并肺动脉高压", "D": "动脉导管未闭合并肺动脉高压"}, "answer": "动脉导管未闭合并肺动脉高压", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,40岁。因食欲缺乏、尿少、腹胀3个月住院。19岁检查时曾发现肝大。体检:消瘦,腹膨隆,肝未触及,脾肋下3cm,腹部移动性浊音阳性,腹水检查比重1.012,黏蛋白定性试验(-),白细胞计数80×109/L。3.用利尿剂治疗时,宜首先选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "呋塞米", "B": "氢氯噻嗪", "C": "氨苯蝶啶", "D": "螺内酯"}, "answer": "螺内酯", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于质粒的叙述,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "存在于大多数细菌的胞浆中", "B": "是双链的线性分子", "C": "易从一个细菌转移入另一个细菌", "D": "常带抗药基因"}, "answer": "是双链的线性分子", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,重体力劳动工人,腰腿痛,并向左下肢放散,咳嗽,喷嚏时加重。检查腰部活动明显受限,并向左倾斜,直腿抬高试验阳性。病程中无低热、盗汗、消瘦症状。1.首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰肌劳损", "B": "腰椎管狭窄症", "C": "腰间盘突出症", "D": "腰椎结核"}, "answer": "腰间盘突出症", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "慢性菌痢的病程应该超过的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1个月", "B": "2个月", "C": "3个月", "D": "1年"}, "answer": "2个月", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "临床诊疗的医学道德原则中德尔最优化原则内容不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "病痛最小", "B": "耗费最少", "C": "安全度最高", "D": "寿命最长"}, "answer": "寿命最长", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不属于弥漫性结缔组织病的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "系统性红斑狼疮", "B": "硬皮病", "C": "强直性脊柱炎", "D": "干燥综合征"}, "answer": "强直性脊柱炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "36岁男性,翻车肩部外伤,半小时后来院,查左锁骨中外1/3处明显畸形,局部肿胀明显,瘀血,桡动脉搏动触不到,手部发凉,皮色苍白,血压80/40mmHg。2.该患正确的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "手法复位,石膏固定", "B": "牵引治疗", "C": "手术切开复位,内固定探查臂丛神经", "D": "立即手术探查受损血管并修复血管,骨折复位内固定,再加适当的外固定"}, "answer": "立即手术探查受损血管并修复血管,骨折复位内固定,再加适当的外固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "人类基因组计划引起的伦理问题不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "基因争夺和财富分配问题", "B": "滥用基因治疗的问题", "C": "环境污染和空气质量下降问题", "D": "基因隐私权和人的社会权利问题"}, "answer": "环境污染和空气质量下降问题", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于心力衰竭的叙述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心室充盈及(或)射血能力受损", "B": "心排出量可维持正常", "C": "常伴肺循环充血", "D": "有心功能不全不一定有心力衰竭"}, "answer": "常伴肺循环充血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,21岁。早晨起后全身无力,3小时。发病前一天参加了学校1500米长跑,较疲劳。去年有类似发作2次。均为发作1~2天后完全恢复。查体:神志清、脑神经检查无异常。双上肢肌力4级。双下肢肌力2级,肌张力低,腱反射对称。病理征未引出,深浅感觉无异常。心电图示窦性心律,出现U波,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "重症肌无力", "B": "周期性瘫痪", "C": "吉兰-巴雷综合征", "D": "癫痫"}, "answer": "周期性瘫痪", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "《执业医师法》规定,在医疗、预防、保健机构中试用期满1年,具有下列哪项学历者,可参加执业医师资格考试?(  )", "options": {"A": "高等学校医学专业本科以上学历", "B": "中等专业学校医学专业学历", "C": "取得助理执业医师执业证书后,具有高等学校医学专科学历", "D": "高等学校医学专业专科学历"}, "answer": "高等学校医学专业本科以上学历", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,36岁,发热2周,伴乏力、食欲不振、轻度腹胀。体检:体温39.3℃,心率80次/min,脾左肋下2cm可及,外周血白细胞4.5×109/L,中性粒细胞0.60,淋巴细胞0.40;肥达反应:“O”抗体效价1:160,“H”抗体效价1:160。6.若患者体温正常后20天.再次出现发热,血培养伤寒沙门菌阳性,称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "复发", "B": "再燃", "C": "慢性带菌者", "D": "暴发型伤寒"}, "answer": "复发", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "属于Ⅳ型超敏反应的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清过敏性休克", "B": "接触性皮炎", "C": "类风湿性关节炎", "D": "新生儿溶血症"}, "answer": "接触性皮炎", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "移植排斥反应损伤机制中能激活CTL,NK杀伤移植物,使B细胞产生Ab,介导ADCC的细胞因子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "γ-IFN", "B": "a-TNF", "C": "IL-2", "D": "IL-4"}, "answer": "IL-2", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "用一种筛检乳腺癌的试验,对400例患有乳腺癌的妇女和400名正常妇女进行筛检,结果前者中80例阳性,后者中40例阳性。2.该试验的特异度为(  )。", "options": {"A": "80%", "B": "50%", "C": "90%", "D": "10%"}, "answer": "90%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.产生嵌合DNA分子(  )。", "options": {"A": "基因载体的选择与构建", "B": "外源基因与载体的拼接", "C": "重组DNA分子导入受体细胞", "D": "筛选并无性繁殖含重组分子的受体细胞"}, "answer": "外源基因与载体的拼接", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某县妇幼保健站组织医疗队下乡为孕妇、产妇做健康方面检查。检查的下列主要内容中属于孕产妇保健服务的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "对严重遗传性疾病的发病原因、治疗和预防方法提供医学意见", "B": "为产妇提供心理方面的咨询和指导", "C": "为胎儿生长发育提供咨询和医学指导", "D": "为新生儿生长发育提供咨询和医学指导"}, "answer": "为产妇提供心理方面的咨询和指导", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "恶性淋巴瘤确诊依据为(  )。", "options": {"A": "典型的临床表现", "B": "淋巴结病理学诊断", "C": "影像学检查", "D": "血清学检查"}, "answer": "淋巴结病理学诊断", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "9个月小儿,牛奶喂养,未添加辅食,多汗,烦躁,有枕秃,出牙2颗,血清钙低,血清磷低,碱性磷酸酶高,长骨拍片示临时钙化带模糊。4.服用多长时间改为维持量(  )。", "options": {"A": "1天", "B": "10天", "C": "1个月", "D": "1年"}, "answer": "1个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "口服铁剂治疗有效的缺铁性患者,下列化验最先上升的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "网织红细胞", "B": "血红蛋白", "C": "MCV", "D": "MCHC"}, "answer": "网织红细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "属于良性卵巢肿瘤的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内胚窦瘤", "B": "无性细胞瘤", "C": "颗粒细胞瘤", "D": "卵泡膜细胞瘤"}, "answer": "卵泡膜细胞瘤", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "血浆各类脂蛋白中,按它们所含胆固醇及其酯的量从多到少的排列顺序是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CM,VLDL,LDL,HDL", "B": "HDL,LDL,VLDL,CM", "C": "LDL,HDL,VLDL,CM", "D": "VLDL,LDL,HDL,CM"}, "answer": "LDL,HDL,VLDL,CM", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "溃疡性结肠炎并发中毒性巨结肠的常见诱因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低血镁", "B": "低血钠", "C": "低血钾", "D": "低蛋白血症"}, "answer": "低血钾", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "椎基底动脉系统短暂脑缺血发作,出现的症状不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "失写", "B": "构音障碍", "C": "复视", "D": "交叉瘫"}, "answer": "失写", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "属于凝集反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肥达反应", "B": "对流免疫电泳", "C": "双向免疫扩散", "D": "单向免疫扩散"}, "answer": "肥达反应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在中国,Adison病最常见的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺结核", "B": "恶性肿瘤转移", "C": "特发性肾上腺萎缩", "D": "淀粉样变"}, "answer": "肾上腺结核", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "母乳性黄疸的特点,下列哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "原因是胆红素的肠肝循环增加", "B": "胆红素在停止哺乳24~72小时下降50%", "C": "胃纳差,体重不增", "D": "继续哺乳1~3月胆红素降至正常"}, "answer": "胃纳差,体重不增", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "10岁小儿,4年来反复发作性咳喘,7~8次/年,前日夜间再次突然憋醒,不能平卧,自行吸入舒喘灵4次后仍无缓解。入院体检:T36.5℃,强迫坐位,喘重,面色苍白,出汗,口唇青紫,呼吸80次/分,心率160次/分,两肺满布喘鸣音,肝肋下3cm,查外周血白细胞总数9×109/L,分类嗜酸粒细胞6%,动脉血气分析pH7.4,PaO28kPa(60mmHg),PaCO25.3kPa(40mmHg)。2.正确的抢救措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服泼尼松", "B": "面罩雾化吸氧浓度80%", "C": "静点氢化可的松", "D": "机械呼吸"}, "answer": "静点氢化可的松", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,55岁。恶心、呕吐、少尿6小时,呕吐量大,无口渴。2年前有腹部手术史。此时患者最可能出现的的水电解质紊乱是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高渗性脱水", "B": "稀释性低钠血症", "C": "高钾血症", "D": "等渗性缺水"}, "answer": "等渗性缺水", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,32岁。聚餐后出现右上腹疼痛2天,向右肩胛区放射。查体:T 37.5℃,P 90次/分,R 22次/分,BP 130/80mmHg,双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心率90次/分,心律齐,右上腹肌紧张,压痛(+),Murphy征(+)。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性胃炎", "B": "右肾结石", "C": "十二指肠球部溃疡", "D": "急性胆囊炎"}, "answer": "急性胆囊炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "可阻滞甲状腺球蛋白分解,从而抑制甲状腺素释放的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙硫氧嘧啶", "B": "普萘洛尔", "C": "他巴唑甲巯咪唑", "D": "碘剂"}, "answer": "碘剂", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.卵巢浆液性乳头状癌的标志物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "AFP", "B": "ACTH", "C": "CA125", "D": "β-hCG"}, "answer": "CA125", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "60岁男性患者,演讲时突然头痛呕吐,昏迷,右侧肢瘫6小时入院,高血压病史12年。查体:血压205/112mmHg,浅昏迷,瞳孔不等大,偏瘫,有Babinski征(+)。1.不应该对患者作的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心电图", "B": "脑脊液检查", "C": "脑超声", "D": "脑血管造影"}, "answer": "脑脊液检查", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,25岁。近3个月来反复出现口腔及舌部白斑白膜,涂片及培养均有白色念珠菌。既往体健,但5年来沾有吸毒恶习。查体温不高,血WBC4.2×109/L。对于查找反复真菌感染的原因,下列各项检查中最有帮助的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓穿刺检查造血情况", "B": "查血糖", "C": "抗HIV抗体", "D": "检查血清补体C3水平"}, "answer": "抗HIV抗体", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,73岁。因脑梗死住院治疗1个月,病情基本稳定。3天前受凉后出现发热,咳嗽,咳红色胶冻样黏痰。查体:T 38.7℃,呼吸急促,口唇发绀,右上肺叩诊浊音,可闻及支气管呼吸音和少量湿啰音,胸部X线片示右上肺大片状阴影,其中可见多个空洞。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "真菌性肺炎", "B": "肺炎链球菌肺炎", "C": "肺炎克雷伯杆菌肺炎", "D": "干酪性肺炎"}, "answer": "肺炎克雷伯杆菌肺炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "符合排卵性功血子宫内膜变化的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "增生型子宫内膜", "B": "分泌型子宫内膜", "C": "萎缩型子宫内膜", "D": "子宫内膜腺瘤型增生过长"}, "answer": "分泌型子宫内膜", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.溃疡性结肠炎最常见的病变部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "横结肠", "B": "降结肠", "C": "直肠及乙状结肠", "D": "升结肠"}, "answer": "直肠及乙状结肠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,25岁,既往有HBsAg阳性史,10天前无诱因发热,体温逐渐上升,波动于37.5~39℃,近3天体温持续在38.5~39.5℃不降,伴有食欲不振、乏力、腹胀及尿黄。查体:体温39.5℃,脉搏88/min,血压110/70mmHg,神清,表情淡漠,未见皮疹,巩膜轻度黄染,心肺未见异常,腹软,右下腹压痛(+),肝右肋下2cm,脾未触及,肝浊音区不小,移动性浊音(-),双下肢无水肿。化验:白细胞3.5×109/L,中性细胞0.60,淋巴细胞0.40,血HBsAg(+),抗HBs(+)。2.为确诊该病例,首选哪项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "肥达反应", "B": "肝炎病毒血清学", "C": "血培养", "D": "肝胆脾彩超"}, "answer": "血培养", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下食物特殊动力作用效应最大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脂肪", "B": "混合食物", "C": "蛋白质", "D": "糖类"}, "answer": "蛋白质", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,38岁,无意中发现左颈部肿块10天,光滑、无压痛,近3天来肿块增大明显,伴有胀痛,核素检查显示为左甲状腺“冷结节”,初步诊断考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯性甲状腺肿", "B": "结节性甲状腺肿", "C": "甲状腺乳头状囊性腺瘤并囊内出血", "D": "甲状腺癌"}, "answer": "甲状腺乳头状囊性腺瘤并囊内出血", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,7岁,突然发热1天,同时伴有头痛、腹痛、腹泻,脓血便,里急后重,每日腹泻10余次。便常规:白细胞10~15/HP,红细胞20~30个/HP。病原治疗下列哪项不恰当?(  )", "options": {"A": "痢特灵(呋喃唑酮)", "B": "环丙沙星", "C": "氨苄西林", "D": "庆大霉素"}, "answer": "环丙沙星", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于新型隐球菌的特点,哪项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "多数是外源性感染", "B": "菌体外有肥厚的荚膜", "C": "鸽子可能是其自然宿主", "D": "不易侵犯中枢神经系统"}, "answer": "不易侵犯中枢神经系统", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于佝偻病性手足搐搦症钙剂疗法,下列哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "用生理盐水或葡萄糖稀释", "B": "缓慢静脉注射", "C": "重症者每日注射2或3次", "D": "连用5天后停用"}, "answer": "连用5天后停用", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿每日补充生理需要,所需液量(  )。", "options": {"A": "40~60ml/kg", "B": "60~80ml/kg", "C": "80~100ml/kg", "D": "100~120ml/kg"}, "answer": "60~80ml/kg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性乳房炎的主要病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺组织发育不良", "B": "乳汁淤积加细菌入侵", "C": "全身和局部抵抗力下降", "D": "哺乳次数增多"}, "answer": "乳汁淤积加细菌入侵", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "疝囊壁的一部分为腹内容物时称(  )。", "options": {"A": "嵌顿性疝", "B": "Littre疝", "C": "Richter疝", "D": "滑动性疝"}, "answer": "滑动性疝", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1岁男婴,母乳少,长期以米汤、稀饭喂养,不规律添加辅食。查体:食欲差,精神差,皮下脂肪厚度为0.5cm。诊断为Ⅰ度营养不良。下列表现哪个最先出现?(  )", "options": {"A": "皮肤干燥", "B": "身高低于正常", "C": "皮下脂肪减少", "D": "体重不增或减轻"}, "answer": "体重不增或减轻", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "与呼吸性酸中毒并发代谢性碱中毒无关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "频繁呕吐", "B": "使用排钾利尿剂", "C": "用碱性药物过量", "D": "高浓度吸氧"}, "answer": "高浓度吸氧", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "试验研究中对照组与试验组发病率差值再除以对照组发病率,所得指标为(  )。", "options": {"A": "有效率", "B": "治愈率", "C": "生存率", "D": "保护率"}, "answer": "保护率", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿可自动控制排尿的年龄约为(  )。", "options": {"A": "1岁", "B": "1.5岁", "C": "2岁", "D": "2.5岁"}, "answer": "1.5岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "发热1周疑似伤寒的患者,此时阳性率最高的微生物学检查法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆汁培养", "B": "粪便培养", "C": "肥达反应", "D": "血培养"}, "answer": "血培养", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,45岁。左颈部淋巴结进行性肿大3个月,淋巴结活检病理结果示弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤。最可能出现的细胞免疫表型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD10+", "B": "CD13+", "C": "CD20+", "D": "CD5+"}, "answer": "CD20+", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "30岁男患,病程4个月,头痛发病,入院前出现左侧肢体无力和呕吐。入院检查,意识清,眼底视乳头水肿,左上下肢肌力Ⅳ级,腱反射活跃,病理征(+)。1.诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑梗死", "B": "脑出血", "C": "脑水肿", "D": "颅内压增高"}, "answer": "颅内压增高", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,40岁,吸烟史20年,每日2~3包。近日咳嗽加重,X线显示左上肺阴影。支气管镜粘膜活检,可见鳞状上皮。此种病理变化属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管粘膜萎缩", "B": "支气管粘膜鳞状上皮化生", "C": "支气管鳞状细胞癌", "D": "支气管粘膜肥大"}, "answer": "支气管粘膜鳞状上皮化生", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1岁男孩,发热2天,咳嗽、喘1日,已诊断为支气管肺炎,确诊最主要的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "双肺闻及细水泡音", "B": "三凹征(+)", "C": "口唇发绀", "D": "双肺闻及哮鸣音"}, "answer": "双肺闻及细水泡音", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "能同时启动内源性和外源性凝血途径的DIC的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性早幼粒细胞白血病", "B": "广泛创伤", "C": "大型手术", "D": "严重感染"}, "answer": "严重感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "公民临床用血时,交付费用的项目不包括的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "采集血液费用", "B": "检验血液费用", "C": "储存血液费用", "D": "购买血液费用"}, "answer": "购买血液费用", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "若软组织中出现骨和软骨组织,应考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "过再生性增生", "B": "再生性增生", "C": "内分泌性增生", "D": "组织的化生"}, "answer": "组织的化生", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,48岁。患慢性肾炎多年。近2个月来恶心、呕吐。体检:血压20/13kPa(150/98mmHg),血红蛋白65g/L,BUN 15mmol/L,Cr 400μmol/L。2.此时对诊断最有帮助的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "双肾B超检查", "B": "排泄性尿路造影", "C": "血钙磷测定", "D": "尿蛋白定量"}, "answer": "双肾B超检查", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项可被cAMP别构激活?(  )", "options": {"A": "磷蛋白磷酸酶", "B": "蛋白激酶", "C": "蛋白酶", "D": "转肽酶"}, "answer": "蛋白激酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.出现心衰细胞的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压心脏病伴左心功能不全", "B": "扩张性心肌病", "C": "风湿性心脏病", "D": "病毒性心肌炎"}, "answer": "高血压心脏病伴左心功能不全", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "用20%甘露醇降低颅压的正确用法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "快速静推", "B": "快速静滴", "C": "中速静滴", "D": "肌肉注射"}, "answer": "快速静滴", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "系统性红斑狼疮治疗的基础用药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "羟氯喹", "B": "甲氨蝶呤", "C": "环磷酰胺", "D": "硫唑嘌呤"}, "answer": "羟氯喹", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "初产妇,25岁。妊娠39周,临产后产程进展顺利,胎头拨露时,胎心110次/分,应采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉滴注稀释缩宫素", "B": "立即剖宫产", "C": "吸氧等待自然分娩", "D": "会阴侧切,胎头吸引分娩"}, "answer": "会阴侧切,胎头吸引分娩", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "“一种心理测量的工具”称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "心理观察", "B": "心理测验", "C": "心理评估", "D": "心理调查"}, "answer": "心理测验", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对肥厚型梗阻性心肌病的诊断最有意义的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心电图出现深而不宽的病理性Q波", "B": "用力后心前区闷痛及晕厥史", "C": "超声心动图发现舒张期室间隔与左心室后壁厚度之比>1.3", "D": "可闻第三心音及第四心音"}, "answer": "超声心动图发现舒张期室间隔与左心室后壁厚度之比>1.3", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,25岁,间断咳嗽、咳痰带血1个月,乏力、纳差伴尿少、水肿1周。实验室检查:血WBC 8.6×109/L,血红蛋白90g/L,尿蛋白(++),尿沉渣镜检红细胞8~10/HP,血肌酐268μmol/L,尿素氮22.6mmol/L,抗肾小球基底膜抗体(+),ANCA阴性。1.其肾脏最可能的病理类型为(  )。", "options": {"A": "微小病变肾病", "B": "新月体性肾小球肾炎", "C": "系膜增生性肾小球肾炎", "D": "膜性肾病"}, "answer": "新月体性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不是金黄色葡萄球菌引起的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "假膜性肠炎", "B": "烫伤样皮肤综合征", "C": "毒性休克综合征", "D": "肉毒中毒"}, "answer": "肉毒中毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.NK(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ab阻断、中和作用", "B": "裂解细胞作用", "C": "ADCC", "D": "引起变态反应"}, "answer": "ADCC", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,12岁。发热2天,伴头痛、神志不清1天,8月中旬来诊。查体:T 39.5℃,神志不清,克氏征、布氏征(+)。实验室检查:血WBC 16×109/L。1.最可能的诊断是(\n)。", "options": {"A": "疟疾", "B": "钩端螺旋体病", "C": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "D": "中毒型菌痢"}, "answer": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于精神分裂症的维持治疗正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "第一次发作维持治疗l~2年", "B": "反复多次者不需维持治疗", "C": "经典抗精神药物维持治疗量应为急性期治疗量的1/3左右", "D": "维持治疗期,不宜单一用药"}, "answer": "第一次发作维持治疗l~2年", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列不属于免疫耐受机制的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸腺内阴性选择", "B": "克隆消除", "C": "免疫抑制", "D": "B细胞克隆无能"}, "answer": "免疫抑制", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以Charcot三联征为典型表现的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性憩室炎", "B": "急性出血性胰腺炎", "C": "急性胆管炎", "D": "胃癌"}, "answer": "急性胆管炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,40岁,干部。近1个月出现情绪低落,对工作及娱乐全没有兴趣,卧床多,不思饮食,入睡困难,早醒,有轻生想法。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "分裂情感性精神障碍", "B": "精神分裂症后抑郁", "C": "广泛性焦虑障碍", "D": "抑郁发作"}, "answer": "抑郁发作", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.竞争性抑制作用的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Km减小,Vmax减小", "B": "Km增大,Vmax增大", "C": "Km减小,Vmax增大", "D": "Km增大,Vmax不变"}, "answer": "Km增大,Vmax不变", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "霍乱流行的最重要的传播形式是通过(  )。", "options": {"A": "水", "B": "生活接触", "C": "苍蝇媒介", "D": "呼吸道"}, "answer": "水", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "根除幽门螺杆菌治疗后,首选的复查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清幽门螺杆菌抗体检查", "B": "13C或14C尿素呼气试验", "C": "快速尿素酶试验", "D": "组织学检查"}, "answer": "13C或14C尿素呼气试验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "嘌呤环中的N7来自(  )。", "options": {"A": "Asp", "B": "Gln", "C": "Glu", "D": "Gly"}, "answer": "Gly", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,66岁,无痛性肉眼血尿伴条状血块2个月,B超可见左肾轻度积水,2次细胞学检查未见癌细胞。3.确诊为左肾盂癌并轻度积水,刷取活组织检查找到癌细胞,该患者下列哪项错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "肾移行细胞癌", "B": "肾盂鳞癌", "C": "根治性左肾切除", "D": "肾腺癌"}, "answer": "肾腺癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,60岁。右下肢水肿4年,1天前出现呼吸困难,并进行性加重,血气分析(未吸氧)pH 7.46,PaO2 56mmHg,PaCO2 28mmHg。2.发生肺栓塞最常见的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "长期卧床", "B": "腹部手术", "C": "分娩", "D": "下肢深静脉血栓"}, "answer": "下肢深静脉血栓", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.血浆中含量最多的蛋白质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "清蛋白", "B": "脂蛋白", "C": "补体系统蛋白质", "D": "免疫球蛋白"}, "answer": "清蛋白", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,54岁。呕血、黑便2天,嗜睡、行为改变1天。实验室检查:ALT 35U/L,AST 72U/L,ALB 27.3g/L。腹部B超示脾大。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝硬化失代偿期", "B": "急性胃黏膜病变", "C": "消化性溃疡", "D": "食管贲门黏膜撕裂综合征"}, "answer": "肝硬化失代偿期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "羊水过多是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "任何时期羊水量超过1000mL", "B": "任何时期羊水量超过2000mL", "C": "足月妊娠时的羊水量为800mL", "D": "妊娠晚期羊水量超过1000mL"}, "answer": "任何时期羊水量超过2000mL", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者已诊断为肾综合征出血热并心衰、肺水肿,此时治疗首选的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛花苷C", "B": "硝普钠", "C": "多巴胺", "D": "氨茶碱"}, "answer": "硝普钠", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某医生给某患者化验尿,检查项目有尿胆素、尿蛋白、尿含铁血黄素、乳糜尿等,上述指标属(  )。", "options": {"A": "定量指标", "B": "无序指标", "C": "等级指标", "D": "定性指标"}, "answer": "等级指标", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者不能拒绝(  )。", "options": {"A": "公开病情", "B": "治疗", "C": "实验", "D": "遵守医院制度"}, "answer": "遵守医院制度", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "腰椎间盘突出症,出现鞍区麻木及二便功能障碍,为哪部分受压引起?(  )", "options": {"A": "骶1神经根", "B": "脊髓圆锥", "C": "马尾神经", "D": "脊髓腰膨大部"}, "answer": "马尾神经", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1岁小儿体格发育正常,体重9kg、头围46cm、身高75cm,其胸围最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "32cm", "B": "46cm", "C": "48cm", "D": "50cm"}, "answer": "46cm", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "16岁女孩,左小腿上段肿胀疼痛半年,近1个月来肿胀明显,夜间痛明显。查体:左胫骨上端肿胀严重,压痛明显,浅静脉怒张,扪及一6cm×7cm硬性肿块,固定,边界不清。X线片示左胫骨上段呈虫蚀状溶骨性破坏,骨膜反应明显,可见Codman三角。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左胫骨慢性骨髓炎", "B": "左胫骨骨巨细胞瘤恶变", "C": "左胫骨骨肉瘤", "D": "左胫骨骨软骨瘤恶变"}, "answer": "左胫骨骨肉瘤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对医生的业务水平、工作成绩和职业道德状况,依法享有定期考核权的单位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "县级以上人民政府", "B": "县级以上人民政府卫生行政部门", "C": "县级以上人民政府卫生行政部门委托的机构或组织", "D": "医师所在地的医学会或者医师学会"}, "answer": "县级以上人民政府卫生行政部门委托的机构或组织", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,15岁。发现贫血、黄疸5年。脾肋下2.5cm,质中。血红蛋白90g/L,网织红细胞比例0.05,白细胞和血小板均正常。红细胞渗透压渗透脆性试验:0.7%盐水溶液开始溶血。其父也有轻度黄疸。3.考虑治疗措施时应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "输血", "B": "糖皮质激素", "C": "脾切除", "D": "维生素B12"}, "answer": "脾切除", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症,最主要的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺不发育或发育不全", "B": "甲状腺素合成途径酶缺陷", "C": "促甲状腺激素缺陷", "D": "甲状腺或靶器官反应性低下"}, "answer": "甲状腺不发育或发育不全", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "具有致痛作用的炎症介质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "组织胺", "B": "氧自由基", "C": "TNF", "D": "PGE2"}, "answer": "PGE2", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪一项是诊断侵袭性葡萄胎的主要依据?(  )", "options": {"A": "绒毛间质血管消失", "B": "滋养层细胞增生", "C": "子宫肌层内有滋养层细胞侵袭", "D": "绒毛周围有血块"}, "answer": "子宫肌层内有滋养层细胞侵袭", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "周围型肺癌的早期症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "无任何症状", "B": "消瘦", "C": "痰中带血点", "D": "吞咽困难"}, "answer": "无任何症状", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性有机磷农药中毒发生肺水肿,首要措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "强心苷静脉注射", "B": "彻底洗胃", "C": "静脉注射阿托品", "D": "解磷胺静脉注射"}, "answer": "静脉注射阿托品", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.主张人格结构可区分为相对独立的不同组成部分(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分析理论", "B": "社会学习理论", "C": "人格特质理论", "D": "行为主义理论"}, "answer": "人格特质理论", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "铁蛋白和含铁血黄素贮存于(  )。", "options": {"A": "中性粒细胞", "B": "淋巴细胞", "C": "肝脾骨髓的单核—巨噬细胞", "D": "网状细胞"}, "answer": "肝脾骨髓的单核—巨噬细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对癌症疼痛的病人应用镇痛药的原则哪一项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "对轻度疼痛选用解热镇痛药", "B": "根据疼痛程度选择不同的药物", "C": "只有在疼痛时才给药", "D": "对重度疼痛应当用强阿片类镇痛药"}, "answer": "只有在疼痛时才给药", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.上述哪项是决定Ig独特型的部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "VL+VH", "B": "铰链区", "C": "CH", "D": "CL"}, "answer": "VL+VH", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "正确的脑出血手术治疗适应证是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑桥出血、额叶出血、严重脑室出血", "B": "小脑血肿大于10ml、壳核出血大于40ml、中脑出血", "C": "小脑血肿大于10ml、壳核出血大于40ml、严重脑室出血", "D": "小脑血肿大于10ml、延髓出血、严重脑室出血"}, "answer": "小脑血肿大于10ml、壳核出血大于40ml、严重脑室出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列不属于药品的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗生素", "B": "血液", "C": "疫苗", "D": "血液制品"}, "answer": "血液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "7个月女婴.因呕吐、腹泻4天于11月20日入院,患儿大便稀水样,无腥臭味。10余次/日,量中等。查体:呼吸46次/分,脉搏140次/分,精神萎靡,皮肤弹性差,四肢温,前囟眼窝凹陷,心音低钝,腹胀,肠鸣音减弱,四肢无力,腱反射弱。化验:便镜检:WBC0~1/HP,血钠125mmol/L。2.除以上诊断外,还应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "低钙血症", "B": "低钾血症", "C": "低镁血症", "D": "低磷血症"}, "answer": "低钾血症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "正常青年人胸部一般不会出现的叩诊音是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鼓音", "B": "浊音", "C": "实音", "D": "过清音"}, "answer": "过清音", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者腰痛多年,时轻时重,伴双下肢痛。l0天前搬重物后腰腿痛加剧,并出现麻木与排尿困难。查体:腰运动受限,椎旁压痛向下肢放散,直腿高举与足背屈附加试验阳性,马鞍区痛觉减退。2.最需要鉴别的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰扭伤", "B": "第三腰椎横突综合征", "C": "椎管内肿瘤", "D": "强直性脊柱炎"}, "answer": "椎管内肿瘤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "治疗慢性再生障碍性贫血的首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺糖皮质激素", "B": "雄激素", "C": "碳酸锂", "D": "抗胸腺细胞球蛋白"}, "answer": "雄激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于医学临床决策的准则,表述最为准确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "技术最先进原则", "B": "费用最低原则", "C": "病痛最轻原则", "D": "最符合病人利益原则"}, "answer": "最符合病人利益原则", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某人做事总是风风火火,速度很快,脾气暴躁,缺乏耐性,而且时不时会出些错误。其气质类型属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆汁质", "B": "多血质", "C": "多动质", "D": "抑郁质"}, "answer": "胆汁质", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "诊断颅底骨折通常依据(  )。", "options": {"A": "头颅X线摄片", "B": "受伤机制", "C": "剧烈头痛伴呕吐", "D": "临床体征"}, "answer": "临床体征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不属于HIV传播途径的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "母婴传播", "B": "性接触", "C": "呼吸道传播", "D": "输血"}, "answer": "呼吸道传播", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "脑水肿多出现在肾综合征出血热哪一期?(  )", "options": {"A": "低血压休克期", "B": "发热期", "C": "少尿期", "D": "多尿期"}, "answer": "少尿期", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,25岁。主诉心前区疼痛2小时,向左肩放射,吸气时疼痛加重,坐位时减轻,伴有畏寒、发热就诊。查体:血压105/75mmHg,体温38℃,心率110次/分,规则,心脏无杂音,两肺未见异常,有血吸虫病史。心电图示除aVR与V1外各导联ST段抬高。2.入院第3天,血压90/75mmHg,颈静脉怒张,气短不能平卧,病情变化应考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "心肌梗死扩大范围", "B": "心脏压塞", "C": "败血症", "D": "心脏腱索断裂"}, "answer": "心脏压塞", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "血浆蛋白质的pI大多为pH5~6,它们在血液中的主要存在形式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "兼性离子", "B": "非极性分子", "C": "带负电荷", "D": "疏水分子"}, "answer": "带负电荷", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.副作用为球后视神经炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "异烟肼", "B": "利福平", "C": "乙胺丁醇", "D": "吡嗪酰胺"}, "answer": "乙胺丁醇", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "当阑尾血运障碍时,易导致其坏死的解剖学特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阑尾体积小", "B": "阑尾动脉为无侧支终末动脉", "C": "阑尾腔小", "D": "阑尾开口小"}, "answer": "阑尾动脉为无侧支终末动脉", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,35岁。确诊系统性红斑狼疮,经泼尼松50mg/d治疗1个月后病情稳定,随后激素逐渐减量,至泼尼松25mg/d时出现发热,体温38.4℃。对鉴别发热原因意义不大的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞沉降率", "B": "抗双链DNA抗体", "C": "血培养", "D": "血常规"}, "answer": "血培养", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某地区死因统计发现,成年人的首位死因是心脏病。下列各项措施中不是该地区优先策略的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "建设健康步道,提高人群身体活动水平", "B": "对社区人群进行减少心脏病危险因素的咨询", "C": "以高胆固醇血症和家族史为指标,划定高危人群并开展干预", "D": "大力发展心脏专科医院,为病人提供血管成形术或旁路移植的治疗"}, "answer": "大力发展心脏专科医院,为病人提供血管成形术或旁路移植的治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "青霉素G对下列睇种细菌基本无效(  )。", "options": {"A": "破伤风梭菌", "B": "脑膜炎奈瑟菌", "C": "梅毒螺旋体", "D": "变形杆菌"}, "answer": "变形杆菌", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "尿毒症患者血液系统的临床表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "低色素、小细胞性贫血", "B": "血小板异常增多", "C": "贫血常为中、重度", "D": "促红细胞生成素增加"}, "answer": "贫血常为中、重度", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "新生儿病理性黄疸的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生后24小时内出现黄疸", "B": "足月儿2周内消退", "C": "血清胆红素8~10mg/dl", "D": "血清结合胆红素1mg/dl左右"}, "answer": "生后24小时内出现黄疸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,43岁。患十二指肠球溃疡24年,近日又有疼痛发作,反酸,下列药物抑酸效果最好的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硫糖铝", "B": "西咪替丁", "C": "胃舒平", "D": "奥美拉唑"}, "answer": "奥美拉唑", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "流行性乙型脑炎的传播途径主要通过(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸道传染", "B": "消化道传染", "C": "带病毒的蚊虫叮咬经皮肤入血", "D": "苍蝇作为传播媒介"}, "answer": "带病毒的蚊虫叮咬经皮肤入血", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "妊娠期甲亢的首选治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙基硫氧嘧啶", "B": "普萘洛尔(心得安)", "C": "甲状腺次全切除", "D": "甲巯咪唑(他巴唑)"}, "answer": "丙基硫氧嘧啶", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在致甲亢的各种病因中,最多见的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "自主性高功能甲状腺结节", "B": "Graves病", "C": "多结节性甲状腺肿伴甲亢", "D": "亚急性甲状腺炎伴甲亢"}, "answer": "Graves病", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于戒酒综合征的说法,错误是(  )。", "options": {"A": "症状初发于突然停酒后48~96h", "B": "可有情绪障碍、思维障碍、意识障碍等表现", "C": "为慢性酒中毒的表现形式之一", "D": "可导致患者死亡"}, "answer": "症状初发于突然停酒后48~96h", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "第二心音分裂的描述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生理性分裂在青少年中更常见", "B": "固定分裂可见于房间隔缺损", "C": "反常分裂可见于完全性右束支传导阻滞", "D": "逆分裂可见于主动脉瓣缺损"}, "answer": "逆分裂可见于主动脉瓣缺损", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "食物中铁的吸收部位主要在(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃及十二指肠", "B": "回肠及空肠", "C": "结肠及回肠", "D": "十二指肠及空肠的上段"}, "answer": "十二指肠及空肠的上段", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "非间叶组织来源的肿瘤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳头状瘤", "B": "血管瘤", "C": "脂肪瘤", "D": "平滑肌瘤"}, "answer": "乳头状瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.不具有完全民事行为能力的(  )。", "options": {"A": "从事医师执业活动", "B": "中止医师执业活动", "C": "申请执业医师注册", "D": "不予医师执业注册"}, "answer": "不予医师执业注册", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.对体液和细胞免疫起辅助作用的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "Tc", "B": "Th", "C": "Thl", "D": "Th2"}, "answer": "Th2", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对乙肝病毒感染具有保护作用的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗HBs", "B": "抗HBe", "C": "抗核抗体", "D": "抗HBe"}, "answer": "抗HBs", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病、控制惊厥首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯巴比妥钠", "B": "氯丙嗪", "C": "水合氯醛", "D": "苯妥英钠"}, "answer": "苯巴比妥钠", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列有关妊娠期母体循环系统的变化,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血容量至妊娠末期增加30%~40%", "B": "心率从妊娠早期至末期每分钟增加10~15次", "C": "妊娠后期心脏向左、向上、向前移位", "D": "第二产程期间,心搏出量略减少"}, "answer": "第二产程期间,心搏出量略减少", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5.膜攻击复合体(  )。", "options": {"A": "补体旁路途径的固有成分", "B": "补体三条激活途径的共同成分", "C": "经典途径的激活物", "D": "旁路途径的激活物"}, "answer": "补体三条激活途径的共同成分", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗胆囊结石,方法正确又效果确切的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "药物溶石疗法", "B": "体外震波碎石法", "C": "胆囊切除术", "D": "胆囊切除,胆总管探查引流术"}, "answer": "胆囊切除术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,19岁。因发热伴头痛,呕吐,烦躁2天,于8月10日入院。查体:T 39.8℃。BP130/80mmHg,精神差,问话不能正确回答,颈抵抗,克氏征及巴氏征均阳性。该疾病病变最严重的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑桥和小脑", "B": "基底核和丘脑", "C": "延脑和脑桥", "D": "大脑皮层及丘脑"}, "answer": "大脑皮层及丘脑", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.控制普通型疟疾发作多选用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙胺嘧啶", "B": "氯喹", "C": "奎宁", "D": "哌喹"}, "answer": "氯喹", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "24岁,女性患者,背痛,体检发现胸椎角状后突畸形,伴低热、血沉增快,主要考虑是(  )。", "options": {"A": "强直性脊柱炎", "B": "脊柱骨性关节炎", "C": "胸椎结核", "D": "化脓性脊椎炎"}, "answer": "胸椎结核", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "重型肝炎时应用“乳果糖”的目的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "补充能量", "B": "减少肝细胞坏死", "C": "促进肝细胞再生", "D": "减少肠道氨的吸收"}, "answer": "减少肠道氨的吸收", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列情况给静脉营养不合理的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "所有营养不良患者", "B": "各种原因不能正常进食者", "C": "严重烧伤或感染", "D": "急性坏死性胰腺炎"}, "answer": "所有营养不良患者", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "主要作用机制为控制支气管哮喘气道炎症的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "长效β2受体激动剂", "B": "M受体拮抗剂", "C": "白三烯受体调节剂", "D": "茶碱"}, "answer": "白三烯受体调节剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不属于原发性肾病综合征常见的病理类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "微小病变型肾病", "B": "系膜增生性肾炎", "C": "毛细血管内增生性肾炎", "D": "膜性肾病"}, "answer": "毛细血管内增生性肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,68岁。上腹部不适1个月,伴皮肤黄染、食欲不振、厌油腻食物,体重减轻5kg。查体:巩膜明显黄染,肝肋下未触及,右肋缘下可触及肿大的胆囊底部,无触痛。实验室检查:血胆红素340μmol/L。首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆囊结石", "B": "胆总管结石", "C": "胆管癌", "D": "肝癌"}, "answer": "胆管癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是胆汁酸合成的限速酶?(  )", "options": {"A": "1-α-羟化酶", "B": "HMG-CoA还原酶", "C": "HMG-CoA合酶", "D": "7α-羟化酶"}, "answer": "7α-羟化酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "消化液中最重要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "唾液", "B": "胆汁", "C": "胰液", "D": "小肠液"}, "answer": "胰液", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "为尽量发现病人,在制定筛选方法标准过程中,常采用(  )。", "options": {"A": "提高方法的灵敏度", "B": "提高方法的特异度", "C": "降低假阳性率", "D": "提高假阴性率"}, "answer": "提高方法的灵敏度", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.产生IL-2和IFN-γ,介导炎症反应(  )。", "options": {"A": "Th1细胞", "B": "NK细胞", "C": "TC(CTL)细胞", "D": "巨噬细胞"}, "answer": "Th1细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列补体成分中分子量最大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "C3", "B": "C4", "C": "C1q", "D": "C5"}, "answer": "C1q", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,8个月,因面色苍白20天人院。查体:贫血外观,肝于右肋入触及2.5cm。血象:Hb 80g/L,RBC 3.08 ×1012/L。诊断为小细胞低色素性贫血,给予铁剂治疗,如有效,网织红细胞何时可达高峰?(  )", "options": {"A": "3~5天", "B": "4~6天", "C": "6~8天", "D": "7~10天"}, "answer": "7~10天", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "意志通过什么途径对人的健康产生影响?(  )", "options": {"A": "影响人的思维方式", "B": "影响人的个性特征", "C": "影响需要和动机强度", "D": "影响认知过程和情绪过程"}, "answer": "影响认知过程和情绪过程", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,55岁,因患短肠综合征,予全胃肠外营养(TPN)治疗。应用1周时病人出现昏迷,但尿内无酮体。病人既往曾有空腹血糖高(10mmol/L)。1.考虑此病人是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高渗性非酮性昏迷", "B": "代谢性酸中毒", "C": "糖尿病昏迷", "D": "肝性昏迷"}, "answer": "高渗性非酮性昏迷", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "主动脉瓣狭窄时心脏震颤出现在(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸骨左缘第2肋间,连续性", "B": "胸骨左缘第2肋间,收缩期", "C": "胸骨左缘第2肋间,舒张期", "D": "胸骨右缘第2肋间,收缩期"}, "answer": "胸骨右缘第2肋间,收缩期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某男患者,23岁,被确诊为再生障碍性贫血而住入某院。患者认为“再生障碍性贫血”是不治之症而拒绝一切治疗措施,甚至摔碎注射器。医务人员始终保持积极、耐心、和蔼的态度,一方面反复开导,讲解有关知识,陈述利害关系,一方面精心治疗,获得病人信任。在病人主动配合下,通过中西医结合治疗,使病人好转出院。这个病人出院至今已生存20余年,并建立了幸福的家庭。1.在这个病人的治疗中,最能体现医师美德的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "推动自己促进和维护病人利益", "B": "重人贵于重病", "C": "“仁者爱人”包括利人、关怀人", "D": "以上各项都符合医师的美德"}, "answer": "以上各项都符合医师的美德", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是最适于治疗肺水肿的药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "呋塞米", "B": "螺内酯", "C": "氨苯蝶啶", "D": "氢氯噻嗪"}, "answer": "呋塞米", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.新生儿败血症,产前感染常见的病原菌(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄球菌", "B": "B群链球菌", "C": "李斯特菌", "D": "变形杆菌"}, "answer": "李斯特菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪项是血液非蛋白氮中含量最多的物质?(  )", "options": {"A": "肌酸", "B": "肌酐", "C": "蛋白质", "D": "尿素"}, "answer": "尿素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "ABO血型分类的根据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞膜上特异性抗原的类型", "B": "红细胞膜上特异性抗体的类型", "C": "血浆中特异性抗体的类型", "D": "血浆中特异性抗原的类型"}, "answer": "红细胞膜上特异性抗原的类型", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "慢性胃炎活动期判定根据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃黏膜糜烂", "B": "胃黏膜出血", "C": "胃黏膜中性粒细胞增多", "D": "胃黏膜主要有淋巴细胞,浆细胞浸润"}, "answer": "胃黏膜中性粒细胞增多", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,34岁。3小时前左前胸壁缝针刺伤,缝针留于胸壁内,除诉胸痛,心慌外无其他不适。查体:血压120/80mmHg,脉搏120次/分,呼吸25次/分。气管居中,约胸骨旁线偏外第4肋间见针刺点。双肺呼吸音清,心界不大,心律齐,各瓣膜区未闻及杂音。以下哪项为本例最恰当的检查手段?(  )", "options": {"A": "心脏彩超", "B": "胸部CT检查", "C": "胸部透视", "D": "胸部X线片检查"}, "answer": "胸部透视", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "腘窝部软组织严重损伤伴有动脉断裂的患者就诊是,最简单、直接的检测手段是(  )。", "options": {"A": "触诊足背动脉", "B": "检查小腿和足的感觉", "C": "拍X线片检查", "D": "检查小腿和足的运动"}, "answer": "触诊足背动脉", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪种药物最常用于焦虑症的治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "碳酸锂", "B": "地西泮", "C": "五氟利多", "D": "卡马西平"}, "answer": "地西泮", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.上述哪项是全身用药抗感染作用最强、作用持续时间最长的糖皮质激素?(  )", "options": {"A": "米托坦", "B": "地塞米松", "C": "可的松", "D": "氟轻松"}, "answer": "地塞米松", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "原发性肝癌最易转移的脏器是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝内", "B": "肺", "C": "肾", "D": "胰腺周围和腹膜后"}, "answer": "肝内", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "颈椎病最常见的类型为(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经根型", "B": "椎动脉型", "C": "脊髓型", "D": "混合型"}, "answer": "神经根型", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一位运动员即将参加一场重要的比赛,下列是正确的调整他的情绪状态的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "彻底放松,就象没有比赛一样", "B": "努力保持持续兴奋状态", "C": "根据自己的情况,适当提高兴奋性", "D": "和平常一样"}, "answer": "根据自己的情况,适当提高兴奋性", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性链球菌感染引起的肾小球肾炎属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎", "B": "新月体性肾小球肾炎", "C": "膜性肾小球肾炎", "D": "膜性增生性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男孩,5岁半,生后发现心脏杂音。平时易感冒,曾患过肺炎3次。体重16kg,无发绀。查体:心前区隆起,胸骨左缘第3肋间可闻及4级收缩杂音伴震颤,心尖区2级舒级期滚筒样杂音,肺动脉第二音亢进。EKG示电轴不偏,+=46mm+12mm,=24mm。最可能的初步诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损(第一孔)", "B": "动脉导管未闭", "C": "不典型法洛四联症", "D": "室间隔缺损"}, "answer": "室间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "符合慢性粒细胞白血病最突出的特征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "粒细胞显著增多,脾明显肿大", "B": "骨痛明显", "C": "乏力、低热、多汗", "D": "肝肿大"}, "answer": "粒细胞显著增多,脾明显肿大", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "病人的疾病认知权是在什么前提下,医生向病人提供有关疾病的信息(  )。", "options": {"A": "不影响治疗的开展", "B": "不影响医疗质量", "C": "不影响病人健康利益", "D": "不影响治疗的开展和损害病人的健康利益"}, "answer": "不影响治疗的开展和损害病人的健康利益", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "用于培养和区分不同细菌种类的培养基是(  )。", "options": {"A": "增菌培养基", "B": "选择培养基", "C": "鉴别培养基", "D": "厌氧培养基"}, "answer": "鉴别培养基", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "异位妊娠最常见的发生部位是在输卵管的(  )。", "options": {"A": "壶腹部", "B": "峡部", "C": "壶腹部与峡部连接部", "D": "间质部"}, "answer": "壶腹部", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.可以给T细胞传递活化信号的协同刺激分子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD4和MHCⅡ类分子结合", "B": "CD8和MHCⅠ类分子结合", "C": "CD28和CD80结合", "D": "CD40和CD40L结合"}, "answer": "CD28和CD80结合", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,53岁,饮酒中发生言语不清、呕吐,随即昏迷。查体:血压195/120mmHg,双眼球向左共同偏视,右鼻唇沟浅,右侧肢体坠落实验阳性,对针刺无反应。诊断为脑出血,其部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左侧基底节", "B": "右脑桥", "C": "右侧基底节", "D": "左顶叶"}, "answer": "左侧基底节", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "35岁,女性,步行中后仰跌倒,右手掌撑地伤后1小时,右肩痛,不敢活动。检查:右肩方肩畸形,Dugas征(+)。1.临床诊断首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "右肩周软组织损伤", "B": "右肩关节前脱位", "C": "肱骨外科颈骨折", "D": "肱骨解剖颈骨折"}, "answer": "右肩关节前脱位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗心脏骤停宜首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "舌下含异丙肾上腺素", "B": "静脉滴注去甲肾上腺素", "C": "静脉滴注地高辛", "D": "心内注射肾上腺素"}, "answer": "心内注射肾上腺素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肺通气/血流比值反映了肺部气体交换时的匹配情况。通气/血流比值增大说明(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺内气体交换正常", "B": "解剖无效腔增大", "C": "功能性动-静脉短路", "D": "肺泡无效腔增大"}, "answer": "肺泡无效腔增大", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有关DNA碱基组成规律的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "适用于不同种属", "B": "嘌呤与嘧啶分子相等", "C": "主要由腺嘌呤组成", "D": "不受年龄与营养状态影响"}, "answer": "主要由腺嘌呤组成", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列可以参加执业医师资格考试的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "有医学专科学历,在医疗机构中工作满2年", "B": "有医学专科学历,在医疗机构中试用期满2年", "C": "取得执业助理医师执业证书后,具有医学专科学历,在医疗机构中工作满2年", "D": "取得执业助理医师执业证书后,具有医学专科学历,在医疗机构中试用期满2年"}, "answer": "取得执业助理医师执业证书后,具有医学专科学历,在医疗机构中工作满2年", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.否认自己有病,不及时就医是病人角色的(  )。", "options": {"A": "角色行为缺如", "B": "角色行为冲突", "C": "角色行为减退", "D": "角色行为强化"}, "answer": "角色行为缺如", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "磺胺药抑菌机制错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "增加二氢叶酸合成酶活性", "B": "磺胺药属酶的竞争性抑制剂", "C": "磺胺药与对氨基苯甲酸具有类似结构", "D": "抑制细菌核酸合成"}, "answer": "增加二氢叶酸合成酶活性", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.男,15岁。“上呼吸道感染”后2周出现肉眼血尿伴水肿、血压升高。最可能的原因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "左肾静脉受压", "B": "尿路结石", "C": "泌尿系肿瘤", "D": "肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.胆汁性肝硬变(  )。", "options": {"A": "点状坏死", "B": "大片状坏死", "C": "凝固性坏死", "D": "羽状坏死"}, "answer": "羽状坏死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,23岁,木匠,近1年来,不能专心做工,时常发呆,情绪低落,有时烦躁,认为邻居要加害于他,感到自己的事情还未说出来,别人就已经知道了,因此更认为自己不安全,时常无故哭泣,自言自语“为什么这样对我,我怎么办?”体检及神经系统检查无异常。该病人最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "恐惧症", "B": "心因性反应", "C": "精神分裂症", "D": "焦虑症"}, "answer": "精神分裂症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于输尿管结石的描述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾区疼痛,有的无症状", "B": "肾绞痛,腰部阵发性疼痛", "C": "尿痛,会阴部疼痛", "D": "肋脊角叩痛"}, "answer": "肾绞痛,腰部阵发性疼痛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一种破伤风类毒素抗体能与发生二硫键完全断裂而变性的破伤风类毒素发生反应;另一种破伤风类毒类抗体不能与因同种原因变性的破伤风类毒素反应。这一结果,可能的解释是(  )。", "options": {"A": "后一抗体对破伤风类毒素构象决定簇有特异性", "B": "前一抗体对破伤风类毒素无特异性", "C": "前一抗体对破伤风类毒素的氨基酸序列有特异性", "D": "B和C为正确答案"}, "answer": "B和C为正确答案", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪一项不符合延髓麻痹的诊断?(  )", "options": {"A": "假性延髓麻痹为双侧皮质脑干束受损所致", "B": "真性延髓麻痹主要系指舌咽迷走神经麻痹", "C": "假性延髓麻痹时咽反射消失", "D": "真性延髓麻痹时可有舌肌瘫痪、舌肌萎缩、肌束颤动"}, "answer": "假性延髓麻痹时咽反射消失", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,65岁,乏力,乏力,胸痛1个月,既往体健,查体:轻度贫血貌,双侧肋骨有局部压痛,实验室检查:血常规:Hb 80g/L,WBC 5.6×109/L,PLT 120×109/L,血清总蛋白100g/L,白蛋白27g/L,Scr 190μmol/L,骨髓细胞学检查示骨髓中幼浆细胞占0.45。为明确诊断,最重要的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血、尿免疫固定电泳", "B": "血清β2微球蛋白测定", "C": "尿本周蛋白测定", "D": "血沉"}, "answer": "血、尿免疫固定电泳", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,45岁。间断水肿3年,乏力3个月,查体:BP 155/100mmHg,双下肢轻度凹陷性水肿。尿RBC 20~30/HP,尿蛋白2.1g/d,血Hb 78g/L,血Cr 342umol/L,BUN 16.1mmol/L。B超示双肾萎缩。1.最可能的临床诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性肾小球肾炎", "B": "慢性间质性肾炎", "C": "高血压肾损害", "D": "肾病综合征"}, "answer": "慢性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.编码病毒衣壳及包膜蛋白的基因区是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)基因组5′端非编码区", "B": "HCV基因组C区和E1区", "C": "HCV基因组E1和E2/NS1区", "D": "HCV基因组NS2、NS3、NS4和NS5区"}, "answer": "HCV基因组C区和E1区", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女孩,6岁。近3天低热37.8℃左右,伴纳差、恶心,呕吐2次,不愿活动,今日家长发现其眼黄。ALT 1460U/L TBil56μmol/L,出生时已注射过乙肝疫苗。病人最可能患的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲型病毒性肝炎", "B": "乙型病毒性肝炎", "C": "丁型病毒性肝炎", "D": "戊型病毒性肝炎"}, "answer": "甲型病毒性肝炎", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "处理颅内压增高,以下哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "频繁呕吐时宜禁食", "B": "限制输液量及速度", "C": "便秘4天以上给予高位灌肠", "D": "静点地塞米松"}, "answer": "便秘4天以上给予高位灌肠", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.急淋基本诱导化疗方案(  )。", "options": {"A": "VP方案", "B": "HAP方案", "C": "输浓缩红细胞", "D": "口服别嘌呤醇"}, "answer": "VP方案", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.造成医疗责任事故,情节严重的(  )。", "options": {"A": "责令暂停6个月以上1年以下执业活动", "B": "吊销其执业证书", "C": "追究刑事责任", "D": "承担赔偿责任"}, "answer": "吊销其执业证书", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1岁男孩,发热、咳嗽5天,精神尚可,食欲不振。体检:体温38.5℃,呼吸50次/min,心率150次/min,口唇略青紫,轻度三凹征,两肺散在中小水泡音,肝肋下2cm,胸片示:两肺散在小点片状阴影。3.用药时间应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "体温正常后5~7天,临床症状消失后3天", "B": "体温正常后1天停药", "C": "咳止停药", "D": "体温正常后继续用药2周"}, "answer": "体温正常后5~7天,临床症状消失后3天", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于抗毒素使用,不正确的描述(  )。", "options": {"A": "可能发生过敏反应,故用药前应做过敏试验", "B": "治疗时要早期足量使用", "C": "因抗毒素可以中和外毒素,从而提高机体特异性抗病能力,故可作为免疫增强剂,多次给儿童注射", "D": "可采取脱敏疗法"}, "answer": "因抗毒素可以中和外毒素,从而提高机体特异性抗病能力,故可作为免疫增强剂,多次给儿童注射", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在影响动脉血压的诸因素中,搏出量增多而其他因素不变时,脉压增大的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "收缩压、舒张压均升高", "B": "收缩压升高,舒张压降低", "C": "收缩压降低,舒张压变化不大", "D": "收缩压升高,舒张压变化不大"}, "answer": "收缩压升高,舒张压变化不大", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "溶血性黄疸时,下述哪项不存在?(  )", "options": {"A": "粪胆素原增加", "B": "尿胆素原增加", "C": "尿中出现胆红素", "D": "粪便颜色加深"}, "answer": "尿中出现胆红素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "气性坏疽治疗措施中,最关键的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高压氧疗法", "B": "输血、输液", "C": "紧急手术处理", "D": "补充足够的营养"}, "answer": "紧急手术处理", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.输血时,由两名医护人员带病历共同到患者床旁(  )。", "options": {"A": "核对用血申请单、血袋标签、交叉配血试验记录", "B": "核对患者姓名、性别、年龄、病室、床号、血型等", "C": "核对患者症状、体征、治疗过程", "D": "逐项填写患者输血反应回报单,并返还输血科保存,输血科每日统计上报医务处"}, "answer": "核对患者姓名、性别、年龄、病室、床号、血型等", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于新生儿期,哪项描述是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "自我保护能力差,对危险的认识不足,需要注意安全", "B": "生长发育出现第二个高峰,生殖系统发育成熟", "C": "循环系统发生巨大变化,由胎儿型变为成人型", "D": "智力发育基本成熟,自我控制能力增强,可以接受文化教育"}, "answer": "循环系统发生巨大变化,由胎儿型变为成人型", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "快速进行性肾小球肾炎最具特征的病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球血管袢坏死", "B": "基底膜增厚", "C": "大量新月体形成", "D": "肾间质炎细胞浸润"}, "answer": "大量新月体形成", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.非法行医,情节严重构成犯罪的(  )。", "options": {"A": "责令暂停6个月以上1年以下执业活动", "B": "吊销其执业证书", "C": "承担民事赔偿责任", "D": "承担刑事责任"}, "answer": "承担刑事责任", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于急性ITP,下述哪一项是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "多见于女性", "B": "多见于成人", "C": "骨髓巨核细胞以幼稚型为主", "D": "血小板寿命正常"}, "answer": "骨髓巨核细胞以幼稚型为主", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿何月龄克氏征阳性是正常的?(  )", "options": {"A": "3~4个月前", "B": "9~10个月前", "C": "7~8个月前", "D": "5~6个月前"}, "answer": "3~4个月前", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "微循环中,下列结构主要受局部代谢产物调节的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "微动脉", "B": "微静脉", "C": "毛细血管前括约肌", "D": "大动脉"}, "answer": "毛细血管前括约肌", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哪项是单纯性甲状腺肿的主要原因?(  )", "options": {"A": "甲状腺合成障碍", "B": "应用甲状腺抑制剂", "C": "合成甲状腺素的原料碘缺乏", "D": "需要甲状腺素量增加"}, "answer": "合成甲状腺素的原料碘缺乏", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为Weber综合征的病损部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "中央前回", "B": "桥脑", "C": "延髓", "D": "中脑"}, "answer": "中脑", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列不是急性糜烂出血性胃炎的常见病因的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑外伤", "B": "乙醇", "C": "幽门螺杆菌感染", "D": "严重烧伤"}, "answer": "幽门螺杆菌感染", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.肝细胞气球样变(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞水肿", "B": "脂质沉积", "C": "结缔组织玻璃样变", "D": "血管壁玻璃样变"}, "answer": "细胞水肿", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "新月体性肾小球肾炎中新月体的增生细胞成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球球囊壁层上皮细胞", "B": "肾小球球囊壁层上皮细胞和单核巨噬细胞", "C": "肾小球系膜细胞和内皮细胞", "D": "肾小球系膜细胞"}, "answer": "肾小球球囊壁层上皮细胞和单核巨噬细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,36岁,发热2周,伴乏力、食欲不振、轻度腹胀。体检:体温39.3℃,心率80次/min,脾左肋下2cm可及,外周血白细胞4.5×109/L,中性粒细胞0.60,淋巴细胞0.40;肥达反应:“O”抗体效价1:160,“H”抗体效价1:160。3.为进一步明确诊断,拟行伤寒沙门菌培养检查。下列标本培养阳性率最高的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓培养", "B": "尿培养", "C": "粪便培养", "D": "胆汁培养"}, "answer": "骨髓培养", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,36岁。因车祸3小时就诊,诊断脾破裂,腹腔大量积血。就诊时血压100/60mmHg,心率110次/分。输血、输液共2000mL后血压90/50mmHg,心率130次/分。除继续输血外,最佳的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "注射升压药", "B": "腹腔引流", "C": "行脾切除手术", "D": "血管造影并行脾动脉栓塞"}, "answer": "行脾切除手术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "闭合性腹部损伤中最容易受损的脏器是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝脏", "B": "胆囊", "C": "脾脏", "D": "小肠"}, "answer": "脾脏", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "个体经验的获得而引起行为发生相对持久变化的过程称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "记忆", "B": "学习", "C": "知觉", "D": "思维"}, "answer": "学习", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "骨折急救的基本原则不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "妥善固定", "B": "彻底清创", "C": "包扎伤口", "D": "抢救休克"}, "answer": "彻底清创", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "刺激是指机体、细胞所能感受的何种变化?(  )", "options": {"A": "血液", "B": "体液", "C": "内环境", "D": "内或外环境"}, "answer": "内或外环境", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某幼儿园最近有水痘流行,为了预防水痘,下列预防措施除哪项外均应采取?(  )", "options": {"A": "对接触病儿的易感儿童应检疫3周", "B": "对体弱者可用水痘痊愈期血清", "C": "对污染的衣物、房间应暴晒,紫外线照射,通风等方法进行消毒", "D": "可对易感者注射丙种球蛋白"}, "answer": "可对易感者注射丙种球蛋白", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "缺铁性贫血实验室检查最灵敏的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清铁蛋白降低", "B": "总铁结合力增高", "C": "红细胞原卟啉增高", "D": "血清铁降低"}, "answer": "血清铁蛋白降低", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肾功能不良的患者禁用下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "耐酶青霉素类", "B": "青霉素G", "C": "第一代头孢菌素", "D": "第三代头孢菌素"}, "answer": "第一代头孢菌素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "放线菌引起化脓性感染的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脓汁稀薄,呈暗黑色", "B": "脓汁黏稠,呈金黄色", "C": "脓汁稀薄,呈亮绿色", "D": "脓汁中可查到硫黄样颗粒"}, "answer": "脓汁中可查到硫黄样颗粒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在社区获得性肺炎的致病菌中约占40%的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎克雷伯杆菌", "B": "流感嗜血杆菌", "C": "肺炎军团菌", "D": "肺炎球菌"}, "answer": "肺炎球菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "变性后的蛋白质,其主要特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "相对分子质量降低", "B": "一级结构破坏", "C": "不易被蛋白酶水解", "D": "生物学活性丧失"}, "answer": "生物学活性丧失", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,46岁,血性白带半年就诊,检查见阴道左穹隆消失,宫颈重度糜烂,子宫正常大小,右侧附件浸润未达盆壁,宫颈活检为鳞状细胞癌2.本例应选择的治疗措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "中药治疗", "B": "化学药物治疗", "C": "放射治疗", "D": "手术治疗"}, "answer": "手术治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,45岁,急性黄疸型肝炎患者,经治疗无效,症状渐加重。诊断重型肝炎最主要的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙氨酸氨基转移酶升高", "B": "凝血酶原活动度小于40%", "C": "肝细胞大量减少", "D": "血小板降低"}, "answer": "肝细胞大量减少", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "异位妊娠体征不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "阴道后穹隆饱满", "B": "直肠子宫陷凹有触痛结节", "C": "子宫漂浮感", "D": "子宫一侧有触痛包块"}, "answer": "子宫漂浮感", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对充血性心力衰竭的病人,每日口服地高辛0.25mg,已知地高辛的t1/2为33小时,病人需经几天才能见效?(  )", "options": {"A": "3天", "B": "7天", "C": "10天", "D": "14天"}, "answer": "7天", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.属于躁狂症的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蜡样屈曲", "B": "情绪低落", "C": "思维奔逸", "D": "焦虑"}, "answer": "思维奔逸", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "先天愚型属(  )。", "options": {"A": "常染色体畸变", "B": "X连锁显性遗传", "C": "常染色体隐性遗传", "D": "常染色体显性遗传"}, "answer": "常染色体畸变", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "治疗肾周脓肿,最重要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全身支持疗法", "B": "切开引流", "C": "穿刺抽吸脓液后理疗", "D": "中药外敷"}, "answer": "切开引流", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "骨与关节结核的好发年龄为(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿", "B": "儿童青少年", "C": "中年", "D": "老年"}, "answer": "儿童青少年", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.α1-抗胰蛋白的主要功用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "运输铁", "B": "运输铜", "C": "能与细胞外血红蛋白结合", "D": "是丝氨酸蛋白酶的抑制剂"}, "answer": "是丝氨酸蛋白酶的抑制剂", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,55岁,10年来主要因丈夫有外遇,夫妻感情不佳,总想离婚,但又舍不得孩子,怕丢面子。来到心理咨询门诊,想问心理咨询师离婚好还是不离婚好。此时,心理咨询师最应遵守的原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "回避原则", "B": "中立原则", "C": "耐心原则", "D": "综合原则"}, "answer": "中立原则", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者王某,男,39岁,主诉“舌感异常”到医院就诊,确诊为舌癌,入院治疗。其病情为病灶尚未转移。按当时的医疗水平及治疗手段,只有早期切病灶才能挽救病人。医生把治疗意见向患者的家属作了说明,希望她们向患者做工作,着重说明:“病灶只是溃疡,因为是恶性的,所以必须切除舌的1/3。”患者本人坚决反对手术。医生为了挽救病人生命,又向病人解释说,不是切掉舌,而烧灼舌的溃疡部分。患者在这种情况下答应了手术,切掉了舌的1/3,术后出现语言障碍,咀嚼、味觉功能减退。患者认为医生欺骗并坑害了自己,因而忧郁愤懑,在精神和肉体上蒙受了极大的痛苦,遂上告法院,要求赔偿,后经调解,并说明医生手术的目的与动机,患者撤回了上诉。2.本案例病人上告法院,最主要的理由是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医生当时用“只是烧灼舌的溃疡部分”的隐瞒病情手段来行施手术", "B": "医生没有向病人说明手术后可能出现的后遗症,病人思想准备不够", "C": "医生切除1/3舌部虽是本手术的指征,但过多地损害病人的利益", "D": "医生手术的动机与目的都是为了救治病人的生命,但效果不好"}, "answer": "医生当时用“只是烧灼舌的溃疡部分”的隐瞒病情手段来行施手术", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在抗病毒感染中,有局部免疫作用的抗体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgG", "B": "IgM", "C": "IgA", "D": "SIgA"}, "answer": "SIgA", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "DNA复制时辨认复制起始点主要靠(  )。", "options": {"A": "DNA聚合酶", "B": "解链酶", "C": "引物酶", "D": "DNA连接酶"}, "answer": "引物酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,45岁。疲乏、贫血4个月入院。既往有乙型肝炎病史10年。查体:睑结膜略苍白,腹软。可见腹壁静脉曲张,肝肋下未触及,脾脏肿大,移动性浊音阳性,血PLT 50×109/L。血小板减少最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "营养不足", "B": "溶血", "C": "脾功能亢进", "D": "出血"}, "answer": "脾功能亢进", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.白喉杆菌产生(  )。", "options": {"A": "内毒素", "B": "肠毒素", "C": "神经毒素", "D": "细胞毒素"}, "answer": "细胞毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "病人大脑病变呈现弥散性器质性损害时,可出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "全面性痴呆", "B": "刚塞综合征", "C": "重度精神发育迟滞", "D": "抑郁性假性痴呆"}, "answer": "全面性痴呆", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在下列各项中,能反映医学本质特征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "技术", "B": "设备", "C": "管理", "D": "道德"}, "answer": "道德", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心脏骤停早期诊断的最佳指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "测不到血压", "B": "颈动脉和股动脉搏动消失", "C": "呼吸停止", "D": "昏迷"}, "answer": "颈动脉和股动脉搏动消失", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肺炎球菌主要的致病物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "荚膜", "B": "自溶酶", "C": "菌毛", "D": "外毒素"}, "answer": "荚膜", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "大肠癌的好发部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "升结肠及结肠肝曲", "B": "降结肠及乙状结肠", "C": "直肠及乙状结肠", "D": "结肠脾曲"}, "answer": "直肠及乙状结肠", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列因素对氧化磷酸化无影响的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ATP/ADP", "B": "氰化物", "C": "异戊巴比妥类药物", "D": "体温"}, "answer": "体温", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.当伤口意外接触或被HBsAg阳性血污染的针头刺入时,应紧急注射(  )。", "options": {"A": "人血清高效价抗-HBs免疫球蛋白(HBIg)", "B": "乙型肝炎血源性疫苗(0、1、3月龄),首次注射在出生24小时之内", "C": "乙肝基因工程疫苗(0、1、3月龄),首次注射在出生24小时之内", "D": "乙肝基因工程疫苗(0、1、3月龄)和人胎盘球蛋白,首次注射在出生3~5天"}, "answer": "人血清高效价抗-HBs免疫球蛋白(HBIg)", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男性,55岁,因神志不清3小时入院,家中生煤火,室内有农药瓶,既往患有糖尿病15年。5.如果检查确诊为有机磷农药中毒,首选应进行的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "洗胃", "B": "导泻", "C": "静脉给予阿托品", "D": "吸氧"}, "answer": "洗胃", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "已确诊为肾综合征出血热的病人,突然出现右侧腹部剧痛,并有心率加快、血压下降趋势,可能是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆囊炎", "B": "阑尾炎", "C": "肾破裂", "D": "腹膜炎"}, "answer": "肾破裂", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.癌细胞穿破乳腺导管或腺泡的基底膜而侵入间质者(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺浸润性癌", "B": "乳腺小叶原位癌", "C": "Paget病", "D": "乳腺炎样癌"}, "answer": "乳腺浸润性癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于白细胞分化抗原,下列错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "白细胞分化抗原大都是跨膜的蛋白或糖蛋白", "B": "白细胞分化抗原可以以GPI连接方式锚定在细胞膜上", "C": "大多数白细胞分化抗原是碳水化合物", "D": "白细胞分化抗原不只表达在白细胞上"}, "answer": "大多数白细胞分化抗原是碳水化合物", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "脓毒症早期典型的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "休克", "B": "少尿", "C": "昏迷", "D": "寒战、高热"}, "answer": "寒战、高热", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女孩,12岁。右上臂隐痛1个月。查体:右上臂局部轻度压痛,无红肿。X线显示右肱骨上段干骺端椭圆形、边界清楚的溶骨性病灶,骨皮质膨胀变薄,无硬化性边缘,首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨软骨瘤", "B": "转移性骨肿瘤", "C": "骨肉瘤", "D": "骨囊肿"}, "answer": "骨囊肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "来源于间叶组织的肿瘤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癌", "B": "肉瘤", "C": "母细胞瘤", "D": "临界肿瘤"}, "answer": "肉瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有一患者长期饮酒,而后出现肝区疼痛,该病人肝脏的主要病变可能是哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "肝细胞脂肪变性", "B": "肝细胞嗜酸性变", "C": "肝细胞水样变性", "D": "肝小动脉透明变性"}, "answer": "肝细胞脂肪变性", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "P/O值的含义是(  )。", "options": {"A": "每消耗1mol氧原子所消耗的ATP的物质的量", "B": "每消耗1mol氧分子所合成CTP的物质的量", "C": "每消耗1mol氧原子所消耗的无机磷物质的量", "D": "每消耗1mol氧分子所消耗的无机磷物质的量"}, "answer": "每消耗1mol氧原子所消耗的无机磷物质的量", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,50岁,因受凉后出现咳嗽,咳痰,高热2天,诊断左下肺炎,住院当日上午,出现情绪烦躁,言语减少,夜间突然惊恐不安,双手上举,自言自语,不配合医生体检,测体温39.8℃,根据患者临床症状应考虑的初步诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "反应性精神病", "B": "焦虑性神经症", "C": "精神分裂症", "D": "躯体感染所致精神障碍"}, "answer": "躯体感染所致精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项不是代谢性酸中毒的临床表现(  )。", "options": {"A": "心率加快", "B": "血压偏低", "C": "耳前叩击试验阳性", "D": "呼吸中有酮味"}, "answer": "耳前叩击试验阳性", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1岁内小儿体重后半年每月平均增长(  )。", "options": {"A": "200~300g", "B": "300~400g", "C": "400~500g", "D": "600~800g"}, "answer": "200~300g", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "32岁女性,公务员。自诉近半年来可能由于工作太忙,加之一些家庭矛盾而逐渐出现失眠,以入睡困难为主,自觉工作能力不如以前。近3个月以来,常莫名其妙的感到紧张,担心,担心小孩会出事,担心自己会得病,担心会发生不好的事情,因而时刻提心吊胆。近半月以来症状更加明显,几乎通宵不能入睡,坐立不安,心慌心悸,情绪术稳。曾有2次听到有人叫她的名字而没有看到人的情况出现,觉得单位同事在议论她有精神病。既往有哮喘病史,余无特殊。体查发现双侧甲状腺轻度肿大,有双上肢细微震颤。未发现精神病性症状。心电图提示窦性心动过速。3.如病人甲状腺功能正常,目前最恰当的处理为(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙米嗪+心得安+心理治疗", "B": "帕罗西汀+心得安+心理治疗", "C": "帕罗西汀+阿普唑仑+心理治疗", "D": "氟西汀+氯氮平+心理治疗"}, "answer": "帕罗西汀+阿普唑仑+心理治疗", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.髋关节全关节结核晚期病灶清除术,最终达到的结果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "局部形成窦道", "B": "髋关节骨性强直", "C": "局部形成寒性脓肿", "D": "髋关节形成前屈内收畸形"}, "answer": "髋关节骨性强直", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,女,6岁,晚饭后突然出现喘憋、大汗、烦躁不安,不能平卧,该患儿在幼年时曾两次患毛细支气管炎。查体:痛苦面容,呼气性呼吸困难,两肺闻及哮鸣音,体温正常。3.下述治疗措施,哪项应慎用或禁用?(  )", "options": {"A": "给予抗生素静脉滴注", "B": "沙丁胺醇雾化吸入", "C": "10%葡萄糖盐静脉滴注", "D": "苯巴比妥镇静"}, "answer": "苯巴比妥镇静", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "从尿中可检出三氯乙醇的是下述哪类有机磷中毒?(  )", "options": {"A": "内吸磷", "B": "敌百虫", "C": "对硫磷", "D": "马拉硫磷"}, "answer": "敌百虫", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.对立克次体感染最有效的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "四环素", "B": "利巴韦林", "C": "妥布霉素", "D": "林可霉素"}, "answer": "四环素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "《医疗机构管理条例》的执业要求中规定,医疗机构执业必须(  )。", "options": {"A": "遵守有关法律、法规、规章制度", "B": "遵守有关法律、法规", "C": "遵守有关法律、法规、医疗技术规范", "D": "遵守有关法律、法规、医疗道德"}, "answer": "遵守有关法律、法规、医疗技术规范", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.既阻断β受体又阻断α受体的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "普萘洛尔", "B": "拉贝洛尔", "C": "酚妥拉明", "D": "美托洛尔"}, "answer": "拉贝洛尔", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.肺源性心脏病肺动脉高压形成的解剖因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性缺氧所致肺血管重建", "B": "缺氧性肺血管收缩", "C": "支气管肺感染和阻塞", "D": "血液黏稠度增加"}, "answer": "慢性缺氧所致肺血管重建", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.轻度等渗性脱水(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清钠为125mmol/L,失水量为体重的8%", "B": "血清钠为131mmol/L,失水量为体重的5%", "C": "血清钠为155mmol/L,失水量为体重的6%", "D": "血清钠为149mmol/L,失水量为体重的9%"}, "answer": "血清钠为131mmol/L,失水量为体重的5%", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在影响动脉血压的诸因素中,搏出量增多而其他因素不变时,脉压增大的原因主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "收缩压、舒张压均降低", "B": "收缩压、舒张压均升高", "C": "收缩压降低,舒张压变化不大", "D": "收缩压升高,舒张压变化不大"}, "answer": "收缩压升高,舒张压变化不大", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不属于肠外营养治疗适应症的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "短肠综合征", "B": "回肠造瘘", "C": "乙状结肠造瘘", "D": "克罗恩病"}, "answer": "乙状结肠造瘘", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,男,7岁,咳嗽1周,喘3天,无发热,门诊就诊。1.为证实患肺炎,下述哪一项检查最有价值?(  )", "options": {"A": "有无三凹征", "B": "观察一般状态,生命体征", "C": "心音是否低钝,有无奔马律", "D": "肺部有无水泡音"}, "answer": "肺部有无水泡音", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,65岁。肝硬化10年,查体有少量腹水,如患者应用利尿剂,首选的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甘露醇", "B": "螺内酯(安体舒通)", "C": "甘露醇", "D": "氢氯噻嗪(双氢克尿塞)"}, "answer": "螺内酯(安体舒通)", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.最易引起干咳的降压药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "美托洛尔", "B": "卡托普利", "C": "硝苯地平", "D": "氢氯噻嗪"}, "answer": "卡托普利", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,32岁。低热、盗汗、腹胀1个月,阵发性腹部绞痛,伴停止排气及排便10小时。2.目前该患首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化道造影", "B": "腹部CT", "C": "结肠镜", "D": "PPD试验"}, "answer": "结肠镜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "检测Ig和补体的含量可采用(  )。", "options": {"A": "直接凝集实验", "B": "单向免疫扩散", "C": "双向免疫扩散", "D": "间接凝集实验"}, "answer": "单向免疫扩散", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "33岁女性,3年前宫外孕保守治疗,此后2年未避孕未怀孕,月经规律。最近输卵管通液提示通而不畅。准备给予子宫输卵管碘油造影。关于此项检查,下述哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "适用于可疑输卵管不通者", "B": "手术前应做碘过敏试验", "C": "碘油造影术可观察子宫腔内病变", "D": "子宫输卵管碘油造影术有发生空气栓塞的危险"}, "answer": "子宫输卵管碘油造影术有发生空气栓塞的危险", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "约90%的强直性脊柱炎下列一种HLA抗原阳性(  )。", "options": {"A": "HLA—D3", "B": "HLA—B27", "C": "HLA—B7", "D": "HLA—B5"}, "answer": "HLA—B27", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,50岁。晨起大便时突然出现剧烈头痛、恶心呕吐、低热及畏光症状,2小时后右侧上睑下垂,意识朦胧,急诊来院。5.如需作出病因诊断,下述哪项辅助检查最有帮助?(  )", "options": {"A": "颅脑CT增强扫描", "B": "颅脑MRI检查", "C": "SPECT检查(单光子发射计算机断层扫描)", "D": "脑血管造影"}, "answer": "脑血管造影", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某患者,因欲自杀服有机磷农药,被发现后,急送医院,查体:昏迷状态、呼吸困难、皮肤湿冷、双瞳孔如针尖大小。2.下述哪项不是阿托品治疗的有效指标?(  )", "options": {"A": "口干、皮肤干燥", "B": "心率加快", "C": "瞳孔较前缩小", "D": "肺部音减少或消失"}, "answer": "瞳孔较前缩小", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肝硬化门脉高压症最具有诊断价值的表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹腔积液", "B": "脾肿大", "C": "门静脉增宽", "D": "食管下段、胃底静脉曲张"}, "answer": "食管下段、胃底静脉曲张", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "应用异烟肼进行预防性治疗的对象是(  )。", "options": {"A": "婴儿PPD试验新近由阴性转阳性", "B": "3岁以下小儿未接种卡介苗者", "C": "患麻疹小儿", "D": "需长期使用肾上腺皮质激素者"}, "answer": "婴儿PPD试验新近由阴性转阳性", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于子宫,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫体与子宫颈的比例,成年人为1:2", "B": "子宫体与子宫颈之间形成最狭窄的部分为子宫峡部", "C": "子宫峡部的上端是组织学内口", "D": "经产妇的子宫颈外口是圆形"}, "answer": "子宫体与子宫颈之间形成最狭窄的部分为子宫峡部", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不符合慢性肺心病心电图表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "电轴右偏", "B": "SV1+RV5≥1.05mV", "C": "V1和V2导联出现QS波", "D": "肺型P波"}, "answer": "SV1+RV5≥1.05mV", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "两型糖尿病之间最大的区别为(  )。", "options": {"A": "病因和发病机制不同", "B": "病情轻重不同", "C": "并发症不同", "D": "治疗不同"}, "answer": "病因和发病机制不同", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某县医院妇科医师为一孕妇接生,该孕妇生一有缺陷婴儿。该医院为产妇出具了统一制发的新生儿出生医学证明。该医院还应当(  )。", "options": {"A": "出具新生儿健康证明", "B": "向计划生育部门报告", "C": "向卫生行政部门报告", "D": "向当地政府报告"}, "answer": "向卫生行政部门报告", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.合成磷脂时,除消耗ATP外,还消耗哪种核苷酸?(  )", "options": {"A": "ATP", "B": "CTP", "C": "GTP", "D": "TTP"}, "answer": "CTP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "出血热病毒的主要中间宿主是(  )。", "options": {"A": "幼猪", "B": "鼠类", "C": "鸟类", "D": "恙螨"}, "answer": "鼠类", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "参与应答的细胞有多种,如T、B、M中等,参与免疫调节也有多种细胞因子及黏附分子,但对多种细胞均起抑制作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ab的反馈作用", "B": "Th2的抑制作用", "C": "第一次注射的Ag对第二次不同种Ag的抑制", "D": "肾上腺皮质激素的抑制作用"}, "answer": "肾上腺皮质激素的抑制作用", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "夹闭兔颈总动脉引起血压升高的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈动脉体受到缺O2刺激", "B": "窦神经传入冲动减少", "C": "减压神经传入冲动增多", "D": "颈动脉窦受到牵拉刺激"}, "answer": "窦神经传入冲动减少", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,65岁,患糖尿病15年,长期应用苯乙双胍,因意识障碍急诊入院。检查结果:浅昏迷,呼吸深大、中度脱水,膝反射极弱,血压80/65mmHg,血糖15mmol/L,血钠140mmol/L,血钾5.6mmol/L,CO2CP12mmol/L,BUN15mmol/L,尿糖(+++),尿酮体(+),尿蛋白(++)。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "非酮症高渗性糖尿病昏迷", "B": "乳酸性酸中毒昏迷", "C": "糖尿病肾病尿毒症昏迷", "D": "脑血管意外所致昏迷"}, "answer": "乳酸性酸中毒昏迷", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.奎尼丁延长动作电位时程的作用可表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "心电图P—P(或R—R)间期延长", "B": "心电图Q—T间期缩短", "C": "心电图Q—T间期延长", "D": "心电图P—R间期缩短"}, "answer": "心电图Q—T间期延长", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "股骨颈内收型骨折pauwells角(  )。", "options": {"A": ">50°", "B": "=50°", "C": "<50°", "D": "<30°"}, "answer": ">50°", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "5.上述哪项是同补体水平相关的位点?(  )", "options": {"A": "H-2K", "B": "H-2D", "C": "H-2I", "D": "H-2S"}, "answer": "H-2I", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于思维迟缓的描述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是强迫症的典型症状", "B": "是精神分裂症的典型症状", "C": "是抑郁症的典型症状", "D": "是癫痫的典型症状"}, "answer": "是抑郁症的典型症状", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,68岁。8年来餐后1小时左右上腹部疼痛。多于秋季复发,每次持续3到5天不等。服雷尼替丁后症状可缓解。近2个月疼痛持续性,服药后不缓解,间断黑便。查体:重度贫血貌,左锁骨上可触及2个约花生米大小、质地较硬的淋巴结。上腹部轻压痛。1.就目前资料考虑,以下哪项诊断可能性最大?(  )", "options": {"A": "胃良性溃疡复发", "B": "胃溃疡癌变", "C": "并发幽门梗阻", "D": "复合性溃疡"}, "answer": "胃溃疡癌变", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "65岁女性,跌倒时右手掌着地,腕部疼痛,肿胀,压痛,无反常活动,但餐叉状畸形明显,该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右腕关节脱位", "B": "右舟状骨骨折", "C": "右腕Colles(科雷)骨折", "D": "尺骨茎突骨折"}, "answer": "右腕Colles(科雷)骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有关弥散性血管内凝血不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小血管中广泛血栓形成", "B": "有消耗性低凝状态", "C": "有原发性纤溶存在", "D": "有低纤维蛋白原血症"}, "answer": "有原发性纤溶存在", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,62岁,近2年来渐出现畏寒、乏力,食欲下降,记忆力减退,体重增加约15kg,全身浮肿.动作迟缓。1周前因子宫肌瘤行手术治疗,手术顺利,未输血。手术1天后渐出现嗜睡、无语,测体温34.5℃,脉搏50次/min,呼吸12次/min,血压70/50mmHg,反射减弱。1.手术后出现上述表现的原因可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "感染", "B": "麻醉剂过量", "C": "黏液性水肿昏迷", "D": "以上均不是"}, "answer": "黏液性水肿昏迷", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "20岁农民,9月1日入院,发热、全身软、腿痛1周,右侧腹股沟淋巴结肿大,血象正常,凝集溶解试验1:400,印象诊断钩端螺旋体病流感伤寒型,用青霉素治疗3天后热退,又持续用药5天,又出现畏冷、发热、精神不振,可引起发热的原因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "治疗后加重反应", "B": "钩端螺旋体病复发", "C": "钩端螺旋体病的后发热", "D": "上呼吸道感染"}, "answer": "钩端螺旋体病的后发热", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.发生于小儿的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅前窝骨折", "B": "开放性骨折", "C": "生长性骨折", "D": "颅中窝骨折"}, "answer": "生长性骨折", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "确诊新生儿ABO溶血病最重要的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血常规", "B": "肝功能与胆红素", "C": "血型", "D": "改良直接抗人球蛋白试验"}, "answer": "改良直接抗人球蛋白试验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性颅内压增高的眼底改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "视神经萎缩", "B": "视乳头炎", "C": "视乳头水肿", "D": "视网膜动脉反光增强"}, "answer": "视乳头水肿", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "王某经执业医师考试合格并进行注册后,开办了一家牙科诊所,同时因为其对妇产科知识和操作较为熟悉,所以平时也会诊治一些妇科和产科的患者,其进行的妇产科诊疗活动属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "法律允许的行为", "B": "医师执业规定所允许的行为", "C": "只要不发生差错,法律即允许", "D": "超出执业范围的违法行为"}, "answer": "超出执业范围的违法行为", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "dTMP是由下列哪种核苷酸转变而来的?(  )", "options": {"A": "TDP", "B": "TMP", "C": "dCMP", "D": "dUMP"}, "answer": "dUMP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.溃疡性结肠炎的病变大多位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "末段回肠", "B": "回盲部", "C": "全结肠", "D": "直肠、乙状结肠"}, "answer": "直肠、乙状结肠", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,25岁学生,近2周来因“备考”较劳累后感觉乏力。今日突发寒战、发热,咯血1口而就诊。查体:T 39℃,右上肺可闻及少许湿啰音。WBC 10.8×109/L,中性粒细胞0.85,X线胸片见右上肺大片状浓淡不均、密度增高阴影。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右上肺肺炎链球菌肺炎", "B": "右上肺干酪样肺炎", "C": "右上肺支原体肺炎", "D": "右上肺癌"}, "answer": "右上肺肺炎链球菌肺炎", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1分子丙酮酸被彻底氧化成CO2和H2O,同时生成ATP的分子数是(  )。", "options": {"A": "12", "B": "13", "C": "14", "D": "15"}, "answer": "15", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "营养性缺铁性贫血实验室检查中下列哪一项正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "血清铁蛋白降低,血清铁降低,总结合力降低", "B": "血清铁降低,总铁结合力增高,铁粒幼红细胞增加", "C": "血清铁蛋白降低,红细胞游离原卟啉增高,血清铁降低", "D": "总铁结合力降低,血清铁降低,铁粒幼红细胞减少"}, "answer": "血清铁蛋白降低,红细胞游离原卟啉增高,血清铁降低", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "6个月女婴,发热3天,体温39℃。查体:一般情况良好,咽充血,耳后淋巴结肿大,心肺无异常,肝脾未触及。患儿热退后,躯干部出现红色斑丘疹,可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "风疹", "B": "麻疹", "C": "水痘", "D": "幼儿急疹"}, "answer": "幼儿急疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是小量阿司匹林预防血栓形成的机制?(  )", "options": {"A": "减少PGI2的合成", "B": "抑制TXA2的合成", "C": "抑制凝血酶原", "D": "减少花生四烯酸的合成"}, "answer": "抑制TXA2的合成", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.符合麻疹特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高烧3天,体温下降后,全身出皮疹,呈红色斑疹,2~3天后消退,无脱屑,无色素沉着", "B": "发热、流泪、咳嗽3天,出玫瑰色斑丘疹,由头面开始到全身,皮疹消退后留有色素沉着", "C": "高热、咽痛、扁桃体增大,出皮疹,全身呈弥漫性充血性皮疹,疹退后有大片状脱皮", "D": "低热出皮疹,呈红色丘疹,很快出现水疱、破溃、结痂"}, "answer": "发热、流泪、咳嗽3天,出玫瑰色斑丘疹,由头面开始到全身,皮疹消退后留有色素沉着", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "主要用于焦虑症治疗的药物(  )。", "options": {"A": "奋乃静", "B": "碳酸锂", "C": "地西泮", "D": "五氟利多"}, "answer": "地西泮", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某患者因有机磷中毒入院治疗,在治疗过程中出现阿托品中毒,应立即给予(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸氧", "B": "输液及毛果芸香碱", "C": "西地兰", "D": "速尿"}, "answer": "输液及毛果芸香碱", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "糖皮质激素具有的药理作用不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制细胞免疫和体液免疫", "B": "快速强大的抗炎作用", "C": "提高机体对细菌外毒素的耐受力", "D": "增加血中白细胞数量,但却抑制其功能"}, "answer": "提高机体对细菌外毒素的耐受力", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,22岁,既往有HBsAg阳性史,10天前无诱因发热,体温逐渐上升,波动于37.5~39℃,近3天体温持续在38.5~39.5℃不降,伴有食欲缺乏、乏力、腹胀及尿黄。查体:T39.5℃,P88次/分,BP110/70mmHg,神清,表情淡漠,未见皮疹,巩膜轻度黄染,心肺未见异常,腹软,右下腹压痛(+),肝右肋下2cm,脾未触及,肝浊音区不小,移动性浊音阴性,双下肢无浮肿。化验:白细胞3.5×109/L,中性粒细胞0.6,淋巴细胞0.4,血HBsAg(+),抗-HBsAg。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒性肝炎甲型急性黄疸型乙肝表面抗原携带者", "B": "伤寒病毒性肝炎乙型急性黄疸型", "C": "伤寒病毒性肝炎甲型亚急性重型", "D": "伤寒乙肝表面抗原携带者"}, "answer": "伤寒乙肝表面抗原携带者", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,30岁,父亲在2年前因胃癌去世,此后常感上腹部隐痛不适,但饮食正常。因怀疑上腹部脏器恶性病变,反复在医院行相关检查,均无异常发现,医生多次解释仍不能消除其疑虑,继续到各地求医,该病人的诊断考虑是(  )。", "options": {"A": "强迫症", "B": "焦虑症", "C": "疑病症", "D": "神经衰弱"}, "answer": "疑病症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,40岁。突发左腰部绞痛伴镜下血尿,左腰部轻度压痛和叩击痛,无肌紧张,应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾结核", "B": "急性肾盂肾炎", "C": "肾输尿管结石", "D": "慢性肾盂肾炎"}, "answer": "肾输尿管结石", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "产力是指将胎儿从子宫内逼出的力量,不包括下列哪些肌肉的收缩?(  )", "options": {"A": "腹肌", "B": "会阴浅横肌", "C": "肛提肌", "D": "膈肌"}, "answer": "会阴浅横肌", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,6岁,身高80cm,智能落后,仅能数1~20个数。查体:皮肤粗糙,眼距宽,鼻梁宽平,舌宽厚,常伸于口外,毛发枯干,发际低,骨龄摄片仅有4枚骨化核。2.确诊后治疗应选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "低苯丙氨酸饮食", "B": "甲状腺素", "C": "生长激素", "D": "低铜饮食"}, "answer": "甲状腺素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.在三羧酸循环中既是催化不可逆反应、又是调节点的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "异柠檬酸脱氢酶、α-酮戊二酸脱氢酶", "B": "柠檬酸合成酶", "C": "琥珀酸合成酶", "D": "苹果酸脱氢酶"}, "answer": "异柠檬酸脱氢酶、α-酮戊二酸脱氢酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,3个月,母乳喂养,腹泻2个月,大便5~6次/天,稀或糊便,无脓血,食欲好,面有湿疹,体重5.6kg,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性腹泻", "B": "生理性腹泻", "C": "饮食性腹泻", "D": "感染性腹泻"}, "answer": "生理性腹泻", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一青年患者,突然出现剧烈头痛、恶心和呕吐、意识清、四肢无瘫痪、颈项有阻力。为鉴别其为蛛网膜下腔出血,还是化脓性脑膜炎,宜采用的主要方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅脑CT扫描", "B": "反复测量体温", "C": "抽血做细菌培养", "D": "腰椎穿刺查脑脊液"}, "answer": "腰椎穿刺查脑脊液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,73岁。患冠周炎1周,寒战、发热、咳脓痰2天。查体:T 39.4℃,右下肺可闻及湿啰音,胸部X线片示右下肺大片状浓密模糊阴影,血WBC 20.3×109/L,N 0.96。该患者感染的病原菌最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎克雷伯杆菌", "B": "肺炎链球菌", "C": "厌氧菌", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "厌氧菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "出生时新生儿的身长、头围平均是(  )。", "options": {"A": "身长46cm头围32cm", "B": "身长50cm头围34cm", "C": "身长40cm头围30cm", "D": "身长42cm头围31cm"}, "answer": "身长50cm头围34cm", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.细胞表面CD40与CD40L结合可(  )。", "options": {"A": "诱导B细胞活化,但无需Th细胞辅助", "B": "产生协同刺激信号,使B细胞活化", "C": "为B细胞活化的初级信号传导分子", "D": "产生活化第一信号,需Th细胞辅助,诱导B细胞活化"}, "answer": "产生协同刺激信号,使B细胞活化", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "临床工作中评价营养不良的最常用且有效的指数是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体重比标准体重低15%以上", "B": "白蛋白低于35g/L", "C": "迟发皮肤超敏反应阴性", "D": "A和B"}, "answer": "A和B", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.能降低血糖的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生长激素", "B": "胰岛素", "C": "肾上腺素", "D": "糖皮质激素"}, "answer": "胰岛素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "左心功能不全最主要的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸困难", "B": "咯血", "C": "疲倦乏力", "D": "腹胀"}, "answer": "呼吸困难", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.重度萎缩性胃体胃炎患者表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃酸明显减少", "B": "胃酸明显增高", "C": "无胃酸分泌", "D": "胃酸正常或减少"}, "answer": "胃酸明显减少", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,30岁。G2P1。既往月经规律,月经量少。身体健康。要求长期采取避孕措施。2.该方法主要的避孕机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "影响受精卵着床", "B": "影响精子获能", "C": "阻止精子和卵子相遇", "D": "改变宫颈黏液性状"}, "answer": "影响受精卵着床", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.属于吞噬细胞缺陷病(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性肉芽肿", "B": "DiGeorge综合征", "C": "Bruton病", "D": "补体缺陷病"}, "answer": "慢性肉芽肿", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "疏松组织的弥漫性化脓性炎症属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肉芽肿", "B": "卡他性炎", "C": "蜂窝织炎", "D": "纤维素性炎"}, "answer": "蜂窝织炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.乳腺纤维腺瘤外观常见的肉眼特点(  )。", "options": {"A": "息肉状", "B": "分叶状", "C": "结节状", "D": "囊状"}, "answer": "结节状", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.髋关节全关节结核晚期病灶清除术,最终达到的结果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "髋关节功能保存", "B": "髋关节骨性强直", "C": "髋关节形成前屈内收畸形", "D": "局部形成寒性脓肿"}, "answer": "髋关节骨性强直", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "绝对不应期出现在动作电位的什么时相?(  )", "options": {"A": "锋电位", "B": "除极相", "C": "正后电位", "D": "恢复相"}, "answer": "锋电位", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.生长迅速,常伴有腋窝淋巴结肿大多为(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺囊性增生病", "B": "乳腺纤维腺瘤", "C": "急性乳腺炎", "D": "乳腺癌"}, "answer": "乳腺癌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "上消化道出血的病人,伴有发热及右上腹痛,应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "门静脉高压症", "B": "胃、十二指肠溃疡病", "C": "出血性胃炎", "D": "胆道出血"}, "answer": "胆道出血", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不是衣原体引起的疾病的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "斑疹伤寒", "B": "沙眼", "C": "鹦鹉热", "D": "泌尿生殖道感染"}, "answer": "斑疹伤寒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.2岁小儿外伤致股骨干骨折(  )。", "options": {"A": "切开复位、内固定", "B": "悬吊牵引", "C": "骨牵引", "D": "手法复位,石膏外固定"}, "answer": "悬吊牵引", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.基因中有表达活性的编码序列是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内含子", "B": "外显子", "C": "USnRNP", "D": "单顺反子"}, "answer": "外显子", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,35岁,高热,皮肤瘙痒半月,右颈及锁骨上淋巴结肿大,无压痛,互相粘连。血红蛋白909/L,白细胞10×109/L,中性粒细胞66%,淋巴细胞24%,骨髓涂片找到里一斯细胞。最可能诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性淋巴细胞自血病", "B": "结核性淋巴结炎", "C": "癌转移", "D": "淋巴瘤"}, "answer": "淋巴瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,19岁。咽痛、发热伴咳嗽2周,眼睑水肿伴肉眼血尿3天。查体:BP 150/100mmHg,全身皮肤无皮疹。实验室检查:尿蛋白(++),尿红细胞30~40/HP,管型3~5/LP,血C3降低,Scr 126μmol/L。3.该患者治疗应不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖皮质激素", "B": "控制血压", "C": "休息", "D": "抗生素"}, "answer": "糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "第一产程活跃期的减速期是指宫口扩张(  )。", "options": {"A": "8~10cm", "B": "3~10cm", "C": "5~10cm", "D": "9~10cm"}, "answer": "9~10cm", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.预激综合征伴快速心房颤动首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "利多卡因", "B": "异搏定(维拉帕米)", "C": "胺碘酮", "D": "溴苄胺"}, "answer": "胺碘酮", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某中指离断伤患者,再植术后10小时,发现患指苍白,皮温低于健侧3℃,经解除包扎、解痉药物等处理不见好转,此时应采取(  )。", "options": {"A": "抬高患肢,保温", "B": "臂丛神经阻滞麻醉", "C": "立即手术探查吻合血管的情况", "D": "继续观察"}, "answer": "立即手术探查吻合血管的情况", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "李某,因妊娠异常需行剖宫产术,经治医生在告知孕妇丈夫手术相关信息并取得签字后实施手术。胎儿被取出后发现产妇患有双侧卵巢畸胎瘤,遂告知其丈夫并建议切除双侧卵巢。李某丈夫立即打电话与其他家属商议,医师在尚未得到家属商议结果的情况下,继续手术并切除双侧卵巢,于是发生医患纠纷。此案例中,医师侵犯的患者权利是(  )。", "options": {"A": "疾病认知权", "B": "知情同意权", "C": "生命权", "D": "健康权"}, "answer": "知情同意权", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者肩下列左侧深感觉障碍,右侧痛温觉障碍,左上肢周围性瘫,左下肢中枢性瘫,下列哪项为其病变部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "右侧延髓", "B": "左侧颈膨大", "C": "右侧颈膨大", "D": "右侧上位胸髓"}, "answer": "左侧颈膨大", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪种类型的颅盖部骨折发生率最高?(  )", "options": {"A": "线形骨折", "B": "凹陷性骨折", "C": "开放性骨折", "D": "闭合性骨折"}, "answer": "线形骨折", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,45岁。食欲减退6天。实验室检查:血ALT 438U/L,TBil 56μmol/L,PTA 88%,HBV DNA 4.5×105Copies/ml。其肝脏最可能的病理表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝细胞大块坏死", "B": "淋巴细胞浸润", "C": "肝细胞点状、灶状坏死", "D": "肝细胞水肿"}, "answer": "肝细胞点状、灶状坏死", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿符合中度等渗性脱水的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "失水量占体重的3%,血清钠135mmol/L", "B": "失水量占体重的7%,血清钠120mmol/L", "C": "失水量占体重的8%,血清钠140mmol/L", "D": "失水量占体重的11%,血清钠140mmol/L"}, "answer": "失水量占体重的8%,血清钠140mmol/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是初次应答最主要的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "IgG产生得快", "B": "IgG大量产生", "C": "IgG和IgM同时产生", "D": "IgM产生得快"}, "answer": "IgM产生得快", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.支气管哮喘稳定期治疗,首选的支气管舒张剂(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸入长效β2受体激动剂", "B": "吸入短效抗胆碱能药物", "C": "吸入长效抗胆碱能药物", "D": "吸入短效β2受体激动剂+短效抗胆碱能药物"}, "answer": "吸入长效β2受体激动剂", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "风疹的隔离期为(  )。", "options": {"A": "出疹后5天", "B": "出疹后3周", "C": "出疹后10天", "D": "出疹后4周"}, "answer": "出疹后5天", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "苯丙酮尿症患儿应采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "观察,抽搐时给予止抽搐药物", "B": "口服甲状腺素片", "C": "静推10%葡萄糖酸钙,同时口服维生素D", "D": "限制苯丙氨酸摄入量"}, "answer": "限制苯丙氨酸摄入量", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对肠结核最有诊断价值的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线钡餐检查发现肠腔狭窄", "B": "结肠镜检查示回盲部炎症", "C": "结肠镜下活检找到干酪性上皮样肉芽肿", "D": "大便中查到结核杆菌"}, "answer": "结肠镜下活检找到干酪性上皮样肉芽肿", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "流行性乙型脑炎确诊的主要依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "流行病学资料", "B": "高热、意识障碍及脑膜刺激征", "C": "脑脊液压力增高,细胞数轻度增加,糖及氯化物正常", "D": "血清特异性IgM抗体阳性"}, "answer": "血清特异性IgM抗体阳性", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.最易引起低钾血症的降压药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "美托洛尔", "B": "哌唑嗪", "C": "硝苯地平", "D": "氢氯噻嗪"}, "answer": "氢氯噻嗪", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "Addison病应用。肾上腺皮质激素替代治疗,正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "应终生使用激素替代治疗", "B": "给药途径以肌内注射为主", "C": "只有当感染、创伤等应激情况时才应用", "D": "合并结核时禁用"}, "answer": "应终生使用激素替代治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.前臂缺血性肌挛缩多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肱骨髁上伸直型骨折", "B": "肱骨干骨折", "C": "桡骨远端骨折", "D": "锁骨骨折"}, "answer": "肱骨髁上伸直型骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,30岁。进行性痛经8年,婚后5年未孕。妇科检查:子宫大小正常,后位,固定,盆底可触及多个痛性结节,右侧附件区触及直径约6cm的囊性包块,不活动,左侧附件区组织略增厚。2.首选的治疗方案为(  )。", "options": {"A": "孕激素治疗", "B": "手术治疗", "C": "抗炎治疗", "D": "抗结核治疗"}, "answer": "手术治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "反映单位时间内充分发挥全部通气能力所达到的通气量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "最大随意通气量", "B": "肺活量", "C": "补呼气量", "D": "肺泡通气量"}, "answer": "最大随意通气量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,10岁,发热10天,体温38~39℃,刺激性咳嗽明显,胸痛。查体:双肺散在干鸣音;胸片:左肺下野淡薄片状阴影。4.治疗的疗程是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体温正常后停药", "B": "1周", "C": "2~3周", "D": "4~6周"}, "answer": "2~3周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医疗事故构成要件中所说的危害结果不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "残疾", "B": "严重毁容", "C": "死亡", "D": "仅加重了患者医疗费用负担"}, "answer": "仅加重了患者医疗费用负担", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "呋塞米没有的不良反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低氯性碱中毒", "B": "低钠血症", "C": "耳毒性", "D": "血尿酸浓度降低"}, "answer": "血尿酸浓度降低", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿各年龄分期,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "围产期,生后脐带结扎至生后7天", "B": "婴儿期,生后至满2岁之前", "C": "幼儿期,生后满1岁至满3岁之前", "D": "学龄前期,生后5岁至满7岁之前"}, "answer": "幼儿期,生后满1岁至满3岁之前", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一个心动周期中,由房室瓣关闭至下次房室瓣开启的时程相当于下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "等容收缩期", "B": "心室收缩期和等容舒张期", "C": "心室舒张期", "D": "快速充盈期"}, "answer": "心室收缩期和等容舒张期", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "结核分枝杆菌的生物特性中,对临床诊断最有意义的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "菌体结构复杂", "B": "多形性", "C": "抵抗力强", "D": "抗酸性"}, "answer": "抗酸性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "酮体不能在肝脏中氧化是因为肝脏中缺乏下述哪一种酶?(  )", "options": {"A": "HMGCoA还原酶", "B": "HMGCoA合成酶", "C": "琥珀酰CoA转硫酶", "D": "琥珀酸脱氢酶"}, "answer": "琥珀酰CoA转硫酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.缺乏维生素B12(  )。", "options": {"A": "大细胞高色素贫血", "B": "小细胞低色素贫血", "C": "小细胞正色素贫血", "D": "大细胞低色素贫血"}, "answer": "大细胞高色素贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "目前急性细菌性痢疾病原治疗的首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯霉素", "B": "四环素", "C": "复方甲基异口唑", "D": "氟哌酸"}, "answer": "氟哌酸", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心脏兴奋传导速度最快的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心房肌", "B": "房室交界", "C": "优势传导通路", "D": "浦肯野纤维"}, "answer": "浦肯野纤维", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项不属于评定量表的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "都是以自评的形式进行", "B": "材料无严格限制", "C": "简便易用", "D": "偏重于实用"}, "answer": "都是以自评的形式进行", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于心理应激的说法错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "相信事件是可控制可预测的可以减轻心理应激", "B": "长期的超强度应激会损害健康", "C": "心理防御机制的应用可以从根本上消除解除焦虑", "D": "有效的放松训练可以降低心理应激水平"}, "answer": "心理防御机制的应用可以从根本上消除解除焦虑", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "根据《医疗机构管理条例》的规定,医疗机构不得使用非卫生技术人员从事下列哪项工作?(  )", "options": {"A": "医院安全保卫", "B": "医疗卫生技术", "C": "医院财务审计", "D": "医疗器械采购"}, "answer": "医疗卫生技术", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,28岁。头部摔伤,着力点位于右侧颞枕,就医时出现“熊猫眼”征,鼻孔流出血性液体。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅前窝底骨折", "B": "双眼睑挫伤", "C": "双侧视神经损伤", "D": "双眼结膜出血"}, "answer": "颅前窝底骨折", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "哪项检查对于判断脊柱骨折脱位是否并发脊髓损伤最重要?(  )", "options": {"A": "MRI", "B": "CT", "C": "神经系统检查", "D": "腰穿作奎肯试验及脑脊液生化检查"}, "answer": "神经系统检查", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪种疾病属于器官非特异性自身免疫病(  )。", "options": {"A": "桥本甲状腺炎", "B": "多发性硬化症", "C": "系统性红斑狼疮", "D": "慢性溃疡性结肠炎"}, "answer": "系统性红斑狼疮", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,34岁。3年前出现痛经并逐渐加重,经量较多。妇科检查:子宫如2个月妊娠大小、质韧,触痛明显,括动好,盆底无触痛结节。可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫肌瘤", "B": "子宫肉瘤", "C": "子宫腺肌病", "D": "子宫内膜异位症"}, "answer": "子宫腺肌病", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "食物蛋白质的营养互补作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋白质的营养价值与脂肪酸的作用互补", "B": "营养必需氨基酸之间的互相补充", "C": "营养必需氨基酸和非营养必需氨基酸互补", "D": "营养物质与非营养物质的互补"}, "answer": "营养必需氨基酸之间的互相补充", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "鉴别原发性和继发性靶腺功能减低时,最好的方法是下述哪一种?(  )", "options": {"A": "代谢状态的测定", "B": "促激素的测定", "C": "测定游离的靶腺激素", "D": "影像学检查"}, "answer": "促激素的测定", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医学道德修养是指医务人员在医学道德方面所进行的自我教育,自我锻炼和自我陶冶,以及在此基础上达到的(  )。", "options": {"A": "医学道德境界", "B": "医疗实践能力", "C": "医疗技术水平", "D": "医疗道德意识"}, "answer": "医学道德境界", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,60岁,糖尿病病史15年,一直行口服降糖药治疗。近1年双下肢浮肿渐加重,空腹血糖在13.0mmol/L左右。目前应采取的最有效的治疗措旋是(  )。", "options": {"A": "利尿剂", "B": "增加蛋白质摄入", "C": "加大口服药用量", "D": "换用胰岛素"}, "answer": "换用胰岛素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于汉坦病毒,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主要传染源为黑线姬鼠", "B": "经呼吸道和消化道传播", "C": "主要症状为高热、出血和肾脏损伤", "D": "病后免疫力短暂"}, "answer": "病后免疫力短暂", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "临床医学研究的资料保密原则除下列哪项外均正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "为了保护国家、集体和个人的利益,对医学研究资料要严加保密", "B": "为保护病人免受心理上的创伤,研究者在必要时应对受试者保密", "C": "为保护医院工作秩序,研究者可对研究失误暂时保密", "D": "对隐瞒实情的诱骗性临床医学研究要进行保密"}, "answer": "对隐瞒实情的诱骗性临床医学研究要进行保密", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女孩,6岁,出生后反复呼吸道感染,平时少活动。查体:无发绀,心前区稍隆起,胸骨左缘第3、4肋间3级粗糙全收缩期杂音、伴震颤,P2亢进。2.哪项不是该病常出现的合并症?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺水肿", "B": "脑血栓", "C": "充血性心力衰竭", "D": "亚急性细菌性心内膜炎"}, "answer": "脑血栓", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,35岁,甲状腺弥漫性肿大,同时伴有心悸,食欲亢进、消瘦,多汗、易激动,诊断最可能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性甲状腺功能亢进", "B": "继发性甲状腺功能亢进", "C": "甲状腺高功能腺瘤", "D": "甲状腺腺瘤"}, "answer": "原发性甲状腺功能亢进", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,35岁,手术后2个月出现腹胀,乏力,ALT 200U/L,手术时输血800mL,化验甲肝抗体(-),HBsAg(-),抗HBC(+),抗HBs(+),抗HCV(+),诊断应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "术后引起中毒性肝炎", "B": "甲型肝炎", "C": "输血后肝炎", "D": "急性丙型肝炎,输血所致"}, "answer": "急性丙型肝炎,输血所致", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.Crohn病的病变大多位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "空肠", "B": "末段回肠", "C": "回盲部", "D": "全结肠"}, "answer": "末段回肠", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,28岁,经产妇,人工流产2次。妊娠37周,晨起发现阴道流血,多于月经量,无腹痛。查体:P 80次/分,BP 110/70mmHg,胎方位LOA,头浮,胎心率150次/分,耻骨联合上可闻及血管音。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "先兆临产", "B": "胎盘早剥", "C": "子宫破裂", "D": "前置胎盘"}, "answer": "前置胎盘", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.男,45岁,身高165cm,体重75kg,无明显“三多一少”症状,空腹血糖7.6mmol/L,母亲有糖尿病病史,此患者首选的治疗方法为(  )。", "options": {"A": "饮食控制+运动锻炼", "B": "磺脲类", "C": "双胍类+磺脲类", "D": "胰岛素"}, "answer": "饮食控制+运动锻炼", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.小儿出生后有窒息,经抢救好转,呼吸平稳,口唇樱桃红色,可静脉给(  )。", "options": {"A": "碳酸氢纳纠正酸中毒", "B": "应用纳洛酮", "C": "心脏按压", "D": "呼吸兴奋剂应用"}, "answer": "碳酸氢纳纠正酸中毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.某识别6核苷酸序列的限制性内切酶切割5′—AGCTG▼VAATTC—3′产生(  )。", "options": {"A": "5′突出末端", "B": "5′及3′突出末端", "C": "5′或3′突出末端", "D": "平末端"}, "answer": "5′突出末端", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "锥体束病损时肌张力改变为(  )。", "options": {"A": "痉挛性折刀样肌张力增高", "B": "肌张力减低", "C": "强直性齿轮样肌张力增高", "D": "去脑强直或去皮质强直"}, "answer": "痉挛性折刀样肌张力增高", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,女,10个月。腹泻3天,加重2天。暗绿色水样便每日10余次,量多,腥臭,伴高热、呕吐、少尿。查体:精神萎靡,呈嗜睡状,前囟眼窝凹陷,皮肤弹性差,心音较低钝,腹胀,肝脾不大。实验室检查:粪镜检有大量脓血细胞,血钠135mmol/L,血钾3.5mmol/L。1.患儿最\n可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大肠埃希菌肠炎", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌肠炎", "C": "细菌性痢疾", "D": "真菌性肠炎"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌肠炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "子宫内膜异位症的确诊依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "典型的病史", "B": "B型超声检查", "C": "血CA125升高", "D": "病理组织学检查"}, "answer": "病理组织学检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "Ig的同种异型变异在于下述何种部位上数个氨基酸的差异?(  )", "options": {"A": "VL和CH1", "B": "CL和CH1", "C": "CL和VH", "D": "VL"}, "answer": "CL和CH1", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是在Ⅰ型超敏反应中起负反馈调节作用的细胞?(  )", "options": {"A": "Th细胞", "B": "嗜酸粒细胞", "C": "肥大细胞", "D": "嗜碱粒细胞"}, "answer": "嗜酸粒细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不全流产的特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "易休克和感染", "B": "腹痛", "C": "阴道流血", "D": "妊娠物完全排出"}, "answer": "易休克和感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "NAP活性明显增高见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性淋巴细胞白血病缓解期", "B": "恶性淋巴瘤Ⅳ期", "C": "类白血病反应", "D": "多发性骨髓瘤"}, "answer": "类白血病反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,28岁。6小时前从4米高处坠落,不能站立行走,查体:左小腿明显肿胀,中段畸形,足背动脉搏动减弱,皮肤温度较对侧降低,被动屈伸足趾时疼痛加重。3.预后状况最主要取决于(  )。", "options": {"A": "手术减压的早晚", "B": "外固定时间的长短", "C": "内固定方式的选择", "D": "有无应用脱水抗感染治疗"}, "answer": "手术减压的早晚", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "未取得国家颁发的有关合格证书的,有下述行为的,县级以上地方人民政府卫生行政部门应当予以制止,并可根据情节给予警告或者处以罚款(  )。", "options": {"A": "从事孕产期保健服务的", "B": "施行结扎手术的", "C": "做胎儿性别鉴定的", "D": "从事婚前医学检查、遗传病诊断、产前诊断或者医学技术鉴定的"}, "answer": "从事婚前医学检查、遗传病诊断、产前诊断或者医学技术鉴定的", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不同年龄脊髓下端的位置与椎体的关系正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "在胎儿时,脊髓下端位于第4腰椎", "B": "4岁时,脊髓下端位于第1腰椎", "C": "10岁时,脊髓下端位于第1腰椎", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "4岁时,脊髓下端位于第1腰椎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "抗甲亢药物治疗一般疗程是(  )。", "options": {"A": "症状缓解后3个月", "B": "症状缓解即可停药", "C": "症状缓解后半年", "D": "疗程>1年半"}, "answer": "疗程>1年半", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "各种致炎因子中最常见的一类是(  )。", "options": {"A": "物理性因子", "B": "化学性因子", "C": "机械性因子", "D": "生物性因子"}, "answer": "生物性因子", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,32岁,长期乏力求医。血红蛋白77g/L,平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度26%,平均红细胞体积63μm3,网织红细胞数2.0%,血清铁5μmol/L(280μg/L),总铁结合力4980μg/L。2.最恰当的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖皮质激素", "B": "肌内注射铁剂", "C": "口服铁剂", "D": "口服叶酸,肌内注射维生素B12"}, "answer": "口服铁剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,男,5岁,颜面水肿2个月,血压120/80mmHg,查尿常规:蛋白(+++),红细胞15个/HP,血总蛋白40g/L,白蛋白25g/L。该患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性肾炎", "B": "单纯性肾病综合征", "C": "肾炎性肾病综合征", "D": "急进性肾炎"}, "answer": "肾炎性肾病综合征", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "骨骺分离是属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "关节脱位", "B": "骨折", "C": "骨肿瘤", "D": "骨髓炎的一种类型"}, "answer": "骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "调节胰岛素分泌最重要的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血糖浓度", "B": "血中脂肪酸浓度", "C": "迷走神经", "D": "胰高血糖素"}, "answer": "血糖浓度", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "颈椎压缩骨折合并脱位最先选择的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颌枕带牵引", "B": "颅骨牵引", "C": "两桌复位法", "D": "切开复位法"}, "answer": "颅骨牵引", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "用活疫苗进行预防接种,可有效控制的病毒性疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小儿麻痹", "B": "狂犬病", "C": "乙型肝炎", "D": "黄热病"}, "answer": "小儿麻痹", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,36岁。右侧颈部淋巴结肿大1月余,左侧颈部淋巴结亦肿大伴发热1周。既往体健。查体:T 38.1℃,双侧颈部可触及数个肿大淋巴结。左颈部淋巴结活检见淋巴结结构完全破坏,弥漫性大细胞浸润。免疫组化:CD20(+),CD30(-),CD5(-)。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "滤泡性淋巴瘤", "B": "间变性大细胞淋巴瘤", "C": "弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤", "D": "霍奇金淋巴瘤"}, "answer": "弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性链球菌感染后肾炎的严重病例常发生在(  )。", "options": {"A": "起病1~2周", "B": "起病2~3周", "C": "起病3~4周", "D": "起病5~6周"}, "answer": "起病1~2周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,46岁,3个月前因胆石症在当地医院行胆总管十二指肠吻合,1天前突然出现右上腹痛、寒战、高热,呕血约1000ml,入院后立即输血,当输血10ml时,突然心前区出现压迫感,腰背部酸痛并出现血红蛋白尿,血压70/50mmHg(9.33/6.67kPa)。2.治疗该病人应采取的最佳措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗休克、碱化尿液", "B": "抗休克、碱化尿液、利尿", "C": "抗休克", "D": "碱化尿液"}, "answer": "抗休克、碱化尿液", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "艾滋病的传染源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蚊", "B": "猪", "C": "人", "D": "螨"}, "answer": "人", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "风湿热与以下哪种细菌感染有关?(  )", "options": {"A": "A组乙型溶血性链球菌", "B": "肺炎双球菌", "C": "B组乙型溶血性链球菌", "D": "肺炎杆菌"}, "answer": "A组乙型溶血性链球菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "突发事件发生后,应当及时向毗邻省、自治区、直辖市人民政府卫生行政部门通报的机构是(  )。", "options": {"A": "国务院", "B": "国务院卫生行政部门", "C": "突发事件发生地的省、自治区、直辖市人民政府", "D": "突发事件发生地的省、自治区、直辖市人民政府卫生行政部门"}, "answer": "突发事件发生地的省、自治区、直辖市人民政府卫生行政部门", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4岁患儿,全身水肿20天,血压90/60mmHg,尿蛋白(+++)~(++++)血浆蛋白总量45g/L,清蛋白20g/L,血BUN 4.2mmol/L。4.为预防肾病复发,应用泼尼松疗程最好为(  )。", "options": {"A": "4~6周", "B": "6~8周", "C": "8~12周", "D": "6~9个月"}, "answer": "6~9个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是恶性程度最高的体表肿瘤?(  )", "options": {"A": "皮肤乳头状癌", "B": "皮肤鳞状细胞癌", "C": "恶性黑色素瘤", "D": "纤维肉瘤"}, "answer": "恶性黑色素瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "《母婴保健法》的实施起始时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1989年9月1日", "B": "1999年5月1日", "C": "1995年6月1日", "D": "1987年6月29日"}, "answer": "1995年6月1日", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列有关睾酮功能的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "促进精子生长发育", "B": "抑制蛋白质合成", "C": "促进骨骼生长", "D": "促进副性征的出现"}, "answer": "抑制蛋白质合成", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪个器官或细胞可对抗原进行识别与应答(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑", "B": "NK细胞", "C": "脾脏和淋巴结中的巨噬细胞", "D": "脾脏和淋巴结中的B细胞"}, "answer": "脾脏和淋巴结中的B细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列理化因素中不能灭活肠道病毒的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高锰酸钾", "B": "脂溶剂", "C": "双氧水(过氧化氢)", "D": "0.3%甲醛"}, "answer": "脂溶剂", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "50岁妇女,白带带血1个月。妇科检查见宫颈中度糜烂,易出血,子宫大小质地正常,附件正常,阴道镜下多点活检报告为CINⅢ。其处理恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫全切术", "B": "诊断性刮宫", "C": "定期随访", "D": "激光治疗"}, "answer": "子宫全切术", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿出生1天,足月顺产,24小时内出现黄疸,嗜睡,吸吮无力,肝脾肿大较轻。1.此患儿诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿肝炎", "B": "生理性黄疸", "C": "新生儿溶血症", "D": "胆道闭锁"}, "answer": "新生儿溶血症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "红细胞渗透脆性增高的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "缺铁性贫血", "B": "再生障碍性贫血", "C": "遗传性球形细胞增多症", "D": "阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿"}, "answer": "遗传性球形细胞增多症", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,40岁,低热半年,牙龈易出血,全身浅表淋巴结肿大,肝右肋缘下3cm,脾肋下10cm。实验室检查:血红蛋白110g/L,白细胞计数200×109/L,原粒及早幼粒为6%,骨髓原粒为2%,Ph染色体阳性。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性粒细胞白血病", "B": "慢性淋巴细胞白血病", "C": "慢粒急性变", "D": "类白血病反应"}, "answer": "慢性粒细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于静脉回心血量及其影响因素的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体循环平均充盈压降低,静脉回心血量减少", "B": "右心衰竭时,回心血量大大减少", "C": "肌肉维持在紧张收缩状态,静脉回流会增加", "D": "深吸气会使回心血量增加"}, "answer": "肌肉维持在紧张收缩状态,静脉回流会增加", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,15岁,近3个月口渴多饮,多尿,消瘦明显;体检:身高167cm,体重58kg,心、肺、腹(一);化验:空腹血糖19.0mmol/L,尿糖(+),尿酮体(+)。1.目前该患者最佳的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "短效胰岛素治疗", "B": "长效胰岛素治疗", "C": "磺脲类降糖药", "D": "双胍类降糖药"}, "answer": "短效胰岛素治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "苹果酸穿梭作用的生理意义是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维持线粒体内外有机酸的平衡", "B": "将草酰乙酸带入线粒体彻底氧化", "C": "将胞液中NADH+H+的2H带入线粒体内", "D": "为三羧酸循环提供足够的草酰乙酸"}, "answer": "将胞液中NADH+H+的2H带入线粒体内", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿因脑积水颅内压增高,入院后,突然出现剧烈头痛,呕吐后昏迷,此时最有效的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "快速滴注甘露醇", "B": "立即行侧脑室穿刺引流术", "C": "高压氧舱治疗", "D": "急行开颅去骨瓣减压术"}, "answer": "立即行侧脑室穿刺引流术", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于慢性肝淤血,下述哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "肝细胞萎缩消失", "B": "肝细胞脂肪变性", "C": "肝间质纤维素渗出", "D": "肝小叶中央静脉扩张充血"}, "answer": "肝间质纤维素渗出", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一天,某产妇在医院生下一唇裂男婴,经检查新生儿其他发育情况良好。为了避免对产妇的心理刺激,医护人员没有让产妇直视孩子,而是告诉产妇孩子平安,并让其倾听孩子宏亮的哭声,随后将孩子抱离产房。为了让产妇接受孩子的缺陷,医护人员决定先找比较通情达理的孩子外婆谈话,说明情况,请她给女儿做工作,结果一切顺利。医护人员的行为符合医学伦理学的什么原则(  )。", "options": {"A": "一般缺陷新生儿予以救治原则", "B": "医生决定缺陷新生儿是否予以救治原则", "C": "父母决定缺陷新生儿是否予以救治原则", "D": "社会决定缺陷新生儿是否予以救治原则"}, "answer": "一般缺陷新生儿予以救治原则", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "根据行为改变阶段的模式,对于健康相关行为尚无了解的患者应采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "提供信息,提高认识", "B": "提高认识,激发动机", "C": "提供方法,鼓励尝试", "D": "不断强化,预防复发"}, "answer": "提供信息,提高认识", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述关于甲亢患者术前碘准备,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "停服碘剂后,甲状腺素大量释放", "B": "抑制甲状腺素的合成", "C": "抑制蛋白水解酶,减少甲状腺球蛋白分解", "D": "碘剂能减少甲状腺的血流量"}, "answer": "抑制甲状腺素的合成", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新生儿出生体重3.2kg,生后48小时血清总胆红素289μmol/L,未结合胆红素275μmol/L。在等待化验检查结果期间,首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "光照疗法", "B": "白蛋白输注", "C": "交换输血", "D": "输血浆"}, "answer": "光照疗法", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "预后最差的乳癌局部表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳房皮肤橘皮样表现", "B": "乳房皮肤急性炎症表现", "C": "乳头湿疹样表现", "D": "乳头牵缩"}, "answer": "乳房皮肤急性炎症表现", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "伤寒最严重的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎", "B": "肠穿孔", "C": "血栓性静脉炎", "D": "中毒性心肌炎"}, "answer": "肠穿孔", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.低丙种球蛋白血症(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫缺陷病", "B": "自身免疫病", "C": "适当应答", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "免疫缺陷病", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,28岁,自8米高处坠落2小时后送至医院。自述胸背部疼痛,双下肢不能活动。1.诊断时应首先考虑有以下哪种可能?(  )", "options": {"A": "脊柱损伤", "B": "双下肢骨折", "C": "骨盆骨折", "D": "闭合性腹部损伤"}, "answer": "脊柱损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "典型的溃疡性结肠炎患者的粪便特点(  )。", "options": {"A": "粘液便", "B": "蛋花样便", "C": "糊状便", "D": "粘液脓血便"}, "answer": "粘液脓血便", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "哪项是为早期发现甲状腺功能低下者采取的有效措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "尿中代谢产物检查", "B": "新生儿期筛查", "C": "头颅CT检查", "D": "服用甲状腺素片试验性治疗"}, "answer": "新生儿期筛查", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "导致破伤风的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "误食孢子产生神经性毒素导致昏迷", "B": "菌血症", "C": "伤口遭孢子污染产生神经性毒素", "D": "以上均不对"}, "answer": "伤口遭孢子污染产生神经性毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列对蛋白质吸收的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "以二肽、三肽和氨基酸的形式吸收", "B": "是主动的耗能过程.", "C": "与Na+的吸收无关", "D": "主要在十二指肠和近端空肠被吸收"}, "answer": "与Na+的吸收无关", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男。62岁。上腹胀伴食欲下降4年。查体:T 36.5℃,P 80次/分,R 18次/分,BP 130/80mmHg。双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心律齐,腹软,无压痛。胃镜检查:胃黏膜菲薄,可见血管显露。血常规提示大细胞性贫血,血抗壁细胞抗体阳性。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性萎缩性胃体炎", "B": "消化性溃疡粘膜", "C": "慢性浅表性胃炎", "D": "慢性萎缩性胃窦炎"}, "answer": "慢性萎缩性胃体炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "细菌代谢产物中,与致病性无关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "毒素", "B": "血浆凝固酶", "C": "热原质", "D": "细菌素"}, "answer": "细菌素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.与补体C3b相结合的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "TCR-CD3复合物", "B": "mIg", "C": "C3bR", "D": "BCR复合物"}, "answer": "C3bR", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "糖酵解的关键酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙酮酸激酶", "B": "磷酸果糖激酶-1", "C": "磷酸甘油酸激酶", "D": "乳酸脱氢酶"}, "answer": "丙酮酸激酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是小发作的首选药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "乙琥胺", "B": "苯巴比妥", "C": "扑米酮", "D": "卡马西平"}, "answer": "乙琥胺", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "以下关于意志品质的描述不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "自觉性", "B": "整体性", "C": "果断性", "D": "自制性"}, "answer": "整体性", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于癫痫的描述不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "遗传因素和环境因素均可影响痫性发作", "B": "按照病因可分特发性癫痫和症状性癫痫", "C": "每一位癫痫患者只有一种发作类型", "D": "女性患者通常在月经期和排卵期发作频繁"}, "answer": "每一位癫痫患者只有一种发作类型", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,64岁。突发剧烈心前区疼痛,胸闷,气憋,心界向左扩大,心尖区Ⅲ级吹风样收缩期杂音,心率90次/分,律不齐。双肺底湿性啰音。心电图示Ⅰ、aVL、V5、V6导联ST段抬高,Ⅰ、aVL导联有异常Q波,室性期前收缩,血清CK-MB 200U。2.对此患者心律失常的治疗应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "普罗帕酮", "B": "维拉帕米", "C": "毛花苷丙", "D": "利多卡因"}, "answer": "利多卡因", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "属于人体必需氨基酸的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甘氨酸", "B": "组氨酸", "C": "苏氨酸", "D": "脯氨酸"}, "answer": "苏氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.腺垂体细胞产生的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胰高血糖素", "B": "血管升压素", "C": "促黑激素", "D": "褪黑素"}, "answer": "促黑激素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是衰减子的作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "终止转录", "B": "抑制转录", "C": "使转录速度减慢", "D": "减弱复制速度"}, "answer": "抑制转录", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,55岁,进行性吞咽困难3个月,体重下降5kg,查体无阳性所见。1.对该病人最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "食管灼伤狭窄", "B": "食管癌", "C": "贲门失弛缓症", "D": "食管憩室"}, "answer": "食管癌", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列说法错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "足月儿血清总胆红素<205μmol/L者均为生理性黄疸", "B": "生后24小时内出现的黄疸为病理性黄疸", "C": "早产儿第4周末肉眼观察仍有黄疸者为病理性黄疸", "D": "50%~80%的新生儿可出现生理性黄疸"}, "answer": "足月儿血清总胆红素<205μmol/L者均为生理性黄疸", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,16岁。左胫腓骨闭合性骨折,管形石膏外固定,3小时后左小腿出现胀痛,并持续加重,足趾麻木,被动牵拉痛,对其首要的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "给予止痛药物、继续观察", "B": "立即拆除石膏", "C": "给予抗生素治疗", "D": "不需处理、继续观察"}, "answer": "立即拆除石膏", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是局麻药中毒性最大的药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "普鲁卡因", "B": "依替卡因", "C": "丁卡因", "D": "布比卡因"}, "answer": "丁卡因", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,30岁,4h前跌伤后昏迷5min,清醒后步行回家。1h前因剧烈头痛,呕吐3次送来急诊。查体:昏迷,脉博64/min,血压180/90mmHg,呼吸18/min,左瞳3mm,右瞳2mm,右上、下肢肌力3级。1.诊断应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑震荡", "B": "脑挫伤", "C": "急性硬膜外血肿", "D": "急性硬膜下血肿"}, "answer": "急性硬膜外血肿", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "反射时的长短主要决定于(  )。", "options": {"A": "刺激的性质", "B": "感受器的敏感度", "C": "神经的传导速度", "D": "反射中枢突触的多少"}, "answer": "反射中枢突触的多少", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.脑肿瘤(  )。", "options": {"A": "血管源性脑水肿", "B": "低渗性脑水肿", "C": "间质性脑水肿", "D": "脑肿胀"}, "answer": "血管源性脑水肿", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "病人权利应除外(  )。", "options": {"A": "自我决定权", "B": "基本医疗权", "C": "要求保密权", "D": "保管病志权"}, "answer": "保管病志权", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "外周淋巴组织中,成熟T细胞定位在(  )。", "options": {"A": "法氏囊", "B": "淋巴结副皮质区", "C": "胸腺", "D": "脾脏红髓"}, "answer": "淋巴结副皮质区", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述有关高血压病的叙述中,哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "常引起左心肥大", "B": "引起颗粒性肾固缩", "C": "引起视乳头水肿", "D": "常引起下肢坏疽"}, "answer": "常引起下肢坏疽", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,28岁。3个月前因血尿、蛋白尿伴水肿。临床诊断为急性肾炎。查体:BP 145/95mmHg。尿红细胞15~20个/HP。尿蛋白2.5g/24h,血肌酐100μmol/L,补体C3下降。首选的正确处理措施(  )。", "options": {"A": "激素治疗", "B": "青霉素治疗", "C": "休息及对症处理,监测肾功能", "D": "肾活检"}, "answer": "肾活检", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "分泌性激素的卵巢恶性肿瘤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "未成熟型畸胎瘤", "B": "浆液性囊腺癌", "C": "子宫内膜样癌", "D": "颗粒细胞瘤"}, "answer": "颗粒细胞瘤", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,50岁。腹胀、腹部持续性隐痛、发热1周,“肝炎”史10年,近3年来乏力、食欲缺乏、面色晦暗、间断性齿龈出血。查体:腹部膨隆,无肌紧张,全腹压痛及反跳痛,肝未触及,脾肋下4cm,移动性浊音阳性。2.为明确诊断,最有价值的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹水常规、生化及细菌培养", "B": "X线结肠钡剂造影", "C": "腹部CT", "D": "腹部X线片"}, "answer": "腹水常规、生化及细菌培养", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,48岁,既往有冶游史,25岁时有皮肤损害,31岁时结婚,妻子第二年怀孕流产,3年前因精神因素呈兴奋状态,大声喊叫,焦虑、苦闷、坐立不安,夜间看见一个人腾云驾雾。躯体检查:无特殊体征。神经系统检查:右瞳孔缩小,光反射消失,面神经不全麻痹,手指及眼睑轻微震颤,右上肢霍夫曼征(+)。精神检查:有幻听,“耳边听到滔滔不绝说话声,发出粗鲁的谩骂声”,记忆力减退,情绪低落,易激动。2.诊断考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "早老性痴呆", "B": "脑梅毒所致精神障碍", "C": "脑血管病所致精神障碍", "D": "抑郁症"}, "answer": "脑梅毒所致精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,30岁,既往有贫血,2日来突然高热头痛呼吸困难,尿量100ml/d,血压90/45mmHg,血红蛋白40g/L,网织红细胞12%,CO2CP17mmol/L,BUNl4mmol/L,应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "感染中毒性休克", "B": "感染中毒性肾功不全", "C": "急性溶血性贫血伴肾功不全", "D": "以上均不可能"}, "answer": "急性溶血性贫血伴肾功不全", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,1.5岁,因发热2天后右下肢不能站立而就诊。追问病史,既往未接种各种疫苗。查体:体温37.6℃,神志清,咽红,心肺正常,腹软,右下肢肌力I级,膝反射未引出。住院后诊断为脊髓灰质炎。2.对该患儿的治疗不正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "保证营养丰富的饮食及水分摄入", "B": "卧床时应有正确的姿势", "C": "给予口服地巴唑", "D": "早期给予肌内注射加兰他敏"}, "answer": "早期给予肌内注射加兰他敏", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,17岁。骑摩托车时不慎摔倒,左颞顶着力,短暂昏迷后清醒。伤后30分钟送医院,急诊头颅CT示左颞顶颅骨骨折。2小时后头痛加剧,逐渐昏迷,左侧瞳孔散大,右侧肢体瘫痪。3.应采取的有效治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用抗生素", "B": "急诊行血肿清除减压术", "C": "立即应用降颅压药物", "D": "急诊行颈椎牵引术"}, "answer": "急诊行血肿清除减压术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.一位糖尿病合并糖尿病肾病的患者,经饮食控制后,空腹血糖在10~12mmol/L,可先采用(  )。", "options": {"A": "D860", "B": "氯磺丙脲", "C": "胰岛素", "D": "降糖灵"}, "answer": "胰岛素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列各项中,医师在执业活动中应当履行的法定义务不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "尊重患者,保护患者的隐私", "B": "遵守技术操作规范", "C": "参与所在机构的民主管理", "D": "恪守职业道德"}, "answer": "参与所在机构的民主管理", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "危重昏迷病人经治疗后脱离危险,进入康复期,医患关系交往模式的类型将发生的变化为(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动-被动型转化为指导-合作型", "B": "主动-被动型转化为共同参与型", "C": "指导-合作型转化为主动-被动型", "D": "共同参与型转化为主动-被动型"}, "answer": "主动-被动型转化为共同参与型", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "构成移植物排斥反应的损伤机制中主要的作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "NK活化后杀伤的植物", "B": "Tc的细胞毒作用", "C": "ADCC", "D": "活化的Mφ发挥的效应"}, "answer": "Tc的细胞毒作用", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列药物中可用于预防偏头痛发作的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "地西泮", "B": "甲灭酸", "C": "普萘洛尔", "D": "舒马曲普坦"}, "answer": "普萘洛尔", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于癌基因的说法正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "带有癌基因一定患癌", "B": "癌基因指一段具有将正常细胞转换为肿瘤的核酸片段", "C": "在正常细胞中,原癌基因是由癌基因变化而来", "D": "以上说法都不对"}, "answer": "癌基因指一段具有将正常细胞转换为肿瘤的核酸片段", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新生儿生后2~3天出现黄疸,4~5天达高峰,血清胆红素<12mg/dL,诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "败血症", "B": "新生儿肺炎", "C": "生理性黄疸", "D": "胆道闭锁"}, "answer": "生理性黄疸", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一足月儿分娩时脐带绕颈,Apgar评分1min与5min分别为3分、7分。经复苏抢救于生后6h出现激惹,拥抱反射增强,肌张力高。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿低血钙", "B": "新生儿低血糖", "C": "室管膜下出血", "D": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病"}, "answer": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列机构中的医师不适用执业医师法的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "医疗机构", "B": "药品生产经营机构", "C": "预防机构", "D": "保健机构"}, "answer": "药品生产经营机构", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "青少年期心理卫生工作重点在于如何处理或正确对待?(  )", "options": {"A": "自我意识的建立和社会化问题", "B": "认知功能的全面和均衡发展问题", "C": "友谊与对异性情感的问题", "D": "自我否定和人际关系问题"}, "answer": "自我意识的建立和社会化问题", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.上述哪项属于医学伦理学的基本原则?(  )", "options": {"A": "有利、公正", "B": "权利、义务", "C": "医乃仁术", "D": "等价交换"}, "answer": "有利、公正", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "同一坐标上两药的S型量效曲线,B药在A药的右侧且高出后者20%,下述哪种评价是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "A药的强度和最大效能均较大", "B": "A药的强度较小而最大效能较大", "C": "A药的强度较大而最大效能较小", "D": "A药和B药强度和最大效能相等"}, "answer": "A药的强度较大而最大效能较小", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "甲状腺术后最危急的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺危象", "B": "喉返神经损伤", "C": "喉上神经损伤", "D": "呼吸困难和窒息"}, "answer": "呼吸困难和窒息", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.不宜再植(  )。", "options": {"A": "老人一指多节段断指", "B": "儿童小指完全断指", "C": "两处以上的断指", "D": "多指断指,仅拇指断指远端无再植条件"}, "answer": "老人一指多节段断指", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对麻疹前驱期诊断极有帮助的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "Pastia线", "B": "Koplik斑", "C": "低中度发热", "D": "草莓舌"}, "answer": "Koplik斑", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "足月儿出生7天后出现黄疸,下述哪一项诊断是不可能的?(  )", "options": {"A": "新生儿肺炎", "B": "ABO溶血病", "C": "败血症", "D": "胆道闭锁"}, "answer": "ABO溶血病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在肾脏产生的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮质醇", "B": "肾上腺素", "C": "去甲肾上腺素", "D": "肾素"}, "answer": "肾素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "胸腰段骨折2天患者,体检双下肢感觉、运动、反射功能正常,躯干感觉正常,排尿正常,椎体前缘高度为正常高度的3/4,正确的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卧床", "B": "牵引", "C": "推拿术", "D": "手术复位"}, "answer": "卧床", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,26岁,左乳房外上象限内3cm圆形光滑肿块8个月,质韧、活动佳,可考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤维腺瘤", "B": "早期乳癌", "C": "乳房囊性增生病", "D": "结核"}, "answer": "纤维腺瘤", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿溶血主要为(  )。", "options": {"A": "血管内溶血", "B": "血管外溶血", "C": "原位溶血", "D": "血管内、外溶血"}, "answer": "血管内溶血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "哪项是新生儿先天性甲状腺功能减低症的典型实验室检查结果?(  )", "options": {"A": "T4↑、TSH↓", "B": "T4↑、TSH正常", "C": "T4↓、TSH↑", "D": "T4↓、TSH正常"}, "answer": "T4↓、TSH↑", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项不符合震颤麻痹的症状?(  )", "options": {"A": "随意运动减少", "B": "全身肌肉强直", "C": "体位不稳,走路呈“慌张步态”", "D": "可导致瘫痪"}, "answer": "可导致瘫痪", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.产生IL-4(  )。", "options": {"A": "Thl", "B": "Th2", "C": "TC", "D": "Mφ"}, "answer": "Th2", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,75岁,反复咳嗽、咳痰、喘息30年,活动后气短2年,加重1周。既往高血压病史25年,吸烟史30年,平均1包/d,已戒烟2年,查体:R 22次/min,双肺呼吸音低,偶可闻及干鸣音。双下肺可闻及少许湿性啰音。1.该患者最可能的诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病", "B": "支气管哮喘", "C": "慢性心衰", "D": "肺脓肿"}, "answer": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.病原菌由局部侵入血液,但未在血液中繁殖,称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "菌血症", "B": "毒血症", "C": "败血症", "D": "内毒素血症"}, "answer": "菌血症", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性肾衰竭少尿期最常见的酸碱失衡是(  )。", "options": {"A": "代谢性酸中毒", "B": "呼吸性酸中毒", "C": "代谢性碱中毒", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "代谢性酸中毒", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "分娩过程中胎儿头不入骨盆入口(未衔接)时应主要测量下述哪个径线?(  )", "options": {"A": "骶耻外径", "B": "髂棘间径", "C": "粗隆间径", "D": "出口横径"}, "answer": "骶耻外径", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,73岁。突发腹痛伴寒战、高热5天,巩膜黄染2天。查体:T 39.1℃,P 104次/分,R 22次/分,BP 100/72mmHg。上腹肌紧张,压痛、反跳痛(+),肝脾未触及,肠鸣音2~3次/分。血WBC 16×109/L,N 0.79,ALT 60U/L,AST 55U/L,TBil 69μmol/L,DBil 61μmol/L,血、尿淀粉酶正常范围。1.为明确诊断,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "MRCP", "B": "腹部B超", "C": "腹部CT", "D": "腹部X线平片"}, "answer": "腹部B超", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以下相对数指标中,属于频率指标的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "死亡率", "B": "人口年龄性别构成", "C": "抚养比", "D": "性别比"}, "answer": "死亡率", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.酵母多糖(  )。", "options": {"A": "补体经典途径的固有成分", "B": "补体旁路途径的固有成分", "C": "经典途径的激活物", "D": "旁路途径的激活物"}, "answer": "旁路途径的激活物", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于外科营养的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "营养状态差的患者首先考虑肠内营养", "B": "肠外营养的完善使其可以替代肠内营养", "C": "肠瘘的患者应首选肠内营养", "D": "肠外营养较肠内营养安全、并发症少"}, "answer": "营养状态差的患者首先考虑肠内营养", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肾脏在胎儿期合成较多的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "前列腺素", "B": "肾素", "C": "1,25-(OH)2-VitD3", "D": "促红细胞生成素"}, "answer": "促红细胞生成素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.高热3~5天,热退疹出(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹", "B": "幼儿急疹", "C": "风疹", "D": "水痘"}, "answer": "幼儿急疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "根据《医疗事故处理条例》的规定,医患双方对患者的死因有异议时,应在患者死亡后______之内进行尸检,如具备冻存条件的,可以延长______。(  )", "options": {"A": "24小时;5天", "B": "24小时;7天", "C": "48小时;7天", "D": "48小时;5天"}, "answer": "48小时;7天", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性风湿热青霉素治疗至少需要多长时间(  )。", "options": {"A": "2周", "B": "2个月", "C": "3周", "D": "10天"}, "answer": "2周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,25岁,近半年来时常自言自语,或微笑或愤怒,说听到许多人议论他,有表扬的,也有责骂的。以上症为(  )。", "options": {"A": "关系妄想", "B": "幻听", "C": "被害妄想", "D": "思维被洞悉感"}, "answer": "幻听", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "早期诊断急性血源性骨髓炎最可靠的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急骤高热,毒血症状,疼痛症状和局部压痛", "B": "X线平片", "C": "CT", "D": "局部分层穿刺"}, "answer": "局部分层穿刺", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于神经症的诊断不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有恐惧、焦虑、疑病、神经衰弱症状", "B": "有社会功能受损或无法摆脱的精神痛苦", "C": "排除精神分裂症、偏执性精神病、心境障碍等", "D": "符合症状标准至少1个月"}, "answer": "符合症状标准至少1个月", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "初产妇,29,G2P0,现妊娠35周。既往孕24周,脊柱裂胎儿而行引产1次。此次妊娠早期经过顺利,妊娠32周时超声检查发现羊水过多,胎儿大于妊娠周数,未见明显畸形。孕妇体态肥胖,近期有多饮、多食、多尿症状。5.该病需终止妊娠的指征不包括哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "伴发恶性进展性视网膜炎", "B": "伴发重度子痫或子痫", "C": "胎儿发育过大", "D": "伴发动脉硬化性心脏病"}, "answer": "胎儿发育过大", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "反映甲状腺功能最敏感的实验室检查指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "FT4", "B": "TSH", "C": "TRAb", "D": "TRH"}, "answer": "TSH", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.直接产生时需要消耗能量的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄糖", "B": "1-磷酸果糖", "C": "6-磷酸果糖", "D": "6-磷酸葡萄糖"}, "answer": "6-磷酸葡萄糖", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎病理变化的肉眼观察特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大白肾", "B": "大红肾及蚤咬肾", "C": "多囊肾", "D": "小红肾"}, "answer": "大红肾及蚤咬肾", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,30岁,农民,既往体健。7月2日来诊,腹泻2天,为水样便,带少量黏液,量多,每日十余次,相继呕吐数次,无发热、无腹痛,腓肠肌痉挛。查体:体温36.8℃,神志清,皮肤弹性差,脉细速,血压70/30mmHg。化验检查:大便镜检白细胞0.2 个/HP,血红蛋白1.69/L,血白细胞计数12×109/L,中性粒细胞0.78,淋巴细胞0.12,单核细胞10%。2.本例治疗的关键环节是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗病毒治疗", "B": "补充液体和电解质", "C": "低分子右旋糖酐扩容", "D": "选升压药,纠正低血压"}, "answer": "补充液体和电解质", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "风湿性心肌炎的临床表现下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "心率增快", "B": "心前区第一心音减弱", "C": "严重时可出现奔马律", "D": "心尖区可听到隆隆样收缩期杂音"}, "answer": "心尖区可听到隆隆样收缩期杂音", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.远折段向后倾斜移位(  )。", "options": {"A": "股骨颈骨折", "B": "股骨上1/3骨折", "C": "股骨上中段骨折", "D": "股骨髁上骨折"}, "answer": "股骨髁上骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "择期手术患者,手术当日晨起体温>38.5℃时,处理的原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "予退热药物后手术", "B": "物理降温后手术", "C": "暂停手术", "D": "不用特殊处理,继续进行手术"}, "answer": "暂停手术", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,突发寒战,体温39℃左右,腹泻十余次,伴里急后重,便为稀便,很快转化为脓血便,便常规红细胞5/HP,白细胞10/HP,脓细胞(++)。3.该患者治疗首选药物(  )。", "options": {"A": "先锋霉素", "B": "氧氟沙星", "C": "红霉素", "D": "氯霉素"}, "answer": "氧氟沙星", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "正常情况下,影响肾小球滤过的主要因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "滤过膜的通透性", "B": "滤过面积", "C": "肾血浆流量", "D": "肾小球毛细血管血压"}, "answer": "肾血浆流量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "近来研究提示Graves病的发病与下述哪一种细菌感染有关?(  )", "options": {"A": "幽门螺杆菌", "B": "大肠杆菌", "C": "α链球菌", "D": "耶尔森菌"}, "answer": "耶尔森菌", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.长期缺乏维生素A引起的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "夜盲症", "B": "缺铁性贫血", "C": "脚气病", "D": "佝偻病"}, "answer": "夜盲症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "细菌性阴道病的首选治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头孢菌素", "B": "制菌霉素", "C": "阿奇霉素", "D": "甲硝唑"}, "answer": "甲硝唑", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "膀胱癌在病理上最重要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "组织类型", "B": "分化程度", "C": "浸润深度", "D": "生长方式"}, "answer": "浸润深度", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,43岁,25年前曾发现蛋白尿,一直未检查和治疗,2周前出现恶心、呕吐。查体:血压190/120mmHg,轻度水肿,血肌酐360μmol/L,B超双肾缩小。2.下述生化异常不应出现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低血钙", "B": "低血钠", "C": "低血磷", "D": "酸中毒"}, "answer": "低血磷", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.促进胰岛素分泌的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吡格列酮", "B": "阿卡波糖", "C": "格列齐特", "D": "二甲双胍"}, "answer": "格列齐特", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.哪项是调节三羧酸循环的最重要的酶?(  )", "options": {"A": "异柠檬酸脱氢酶", "B": "磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶", "C": "葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶", "D": "苹果酸脱氢酶"}, "answer": "异柠檬酸脱氢酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "慢性消化性溃疡最好发的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃体部", "B": "胃贲门部", "C": "胃幽门小弯侧", "D": "十二指肠球部"}, "answer": "十二指肠球部", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.医生违背有利原则的是哪一项?(  )", "options": {"A": "医生对病人的呼叫或提问给予应答", "B": "医生的行为使某个病人受益,但却给别的病人带来了损害", "C": "妊娠危及母亲的生命时,医生给予引产", "D": "医生尊重病人是指满足病人的一切要求"}, "answer": "医生的行为使某个病人受益,但却给别的病人带来了损害", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "增生是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "器官和组织体积缩小", "B": "一种分化组织转化为另一种相似性质的分化组织", "C": "由于实质细胞增多而造成器官、组织体积增大", "D": "器官和组织先天发育异常"}, "answer": "由于实质细胞增多而造成器官、组织体积增大", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.患者,男,35岁。确诊为食管癌。吞钡X线片示食管中下段长3cm充盈缺损,患者可进半流质饮食,白细胞总数为8.5×109/L。其治疗应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "手术治疗", "B": "术前放疗,放疗后3周内手术", "C": "化学疗法", "D": "中医中药治疗"}, "answer": "手术治疗", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列对消化和吸收概念的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化是食物在消化道内被分解为小分子的过程", "B": "消化可分为机械性和化学性消化两种", "C": "小分子物质透过消化道粘膜进入血液循环的过程称为吸收", "D": "消化主要在胃中完成,吸收主要在小肠完成"}, "answer": "消化主要在胃中完成,吸收主要在小肠完成", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "判断慢性胃炎有无活动的病理学依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋巴滤泡形成", "B": "中性粒细胞浸润", "C": "浆细胞浸润", "D": "肠上皮化生"}, "answer": "中性粒细胞浸润", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "左心衰竭最先引起的病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "槟榔肝", "B": "海蛇头样形态", "C": "脾淤血、肿大", "D": "肺淤血、水肿"}, "answer": "肺淤血、水肿", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,5岁,夏季出现发热、惊厥、意识障碍5小时,对诊断中毒性痢疾最有帮助的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血常规", "B": "尿常规", "C": "粪便常规及培养", "D": "脑脊液检查"}, "answer": "粪便常规及培养", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.痉挛性截瘫的步态是(  )。", "options": {"A": "划圈样步态", "B": "剪刀状步态", "C": "慌张步态", "D": "醉汉步态"}, "answer": "剪刀状步态", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1岁患儿,母乳喂养未添加辅食。体检:虚胖,毛发稀黄,面色苍黄,肝肋下3cm,脾肋下1.5cm,表情呆滞,智力发育落后,肢体震颤,踝阵挛阳性。1.首选的实验室检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心电图", "B": "脑电图", "C": "尿常规检查", "D": "血常规检查"}, "answer": "血常规检查", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病控制惊厥首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯巴比妥钠", "B": "地西泮", "C": "水合氯醛", "D": "氯丙嗪"}, "answer": "苯巴比妥钠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "哪类降压药兼有改善肾功能、心功能,逆转心脏肥大,并能明显降低病死率的作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "钙拮抗剂", "B": "可乐宁(可乐定)等中枢性降压药", "C": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制药", "D": "神经节阻断药"}, "answer": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制药", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "主治医师张某被注销执业注册满1年,现欲重新执业,遂向卫生行政部门递交了相关申请,但未批准。其原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "未经过医师规范化培训", "B": "刑事处罚完毕后不满2年", "C": "变更执业地点不满2年", "D": "在医疗机构的试用期不满1年"}, "answer": "刑事处罚完毕后不满2年", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "抑郁发作的临床症状主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "情感低落,思维迟缓,意志活动减退", "B": "情感淡漠,思维迟缓,意志活动减退", "C": "情感低落,思维贫乏,意志活动减退", "D": "情感淡漠,思维破裂,意志活动正常"}, "answer": "情感低落,思维迟缓,意志活动减退", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.首先创立现代临终关怀事业的国家是(  )。", "options": {"A": "美国", "B": "澳大利亚", "C": "英国", "D": "法国"}, "answer": "英国", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肾盂癌手术切除范围是(  )。", "options": {"A": "患肾+同侧中上段输尿管", "B": "患肾+同侧肾上腺", "C": "患肾", "D": "患肾+同侧全长输尿管"}, "answer": "患肾+同侧全长输尿管", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,51岁。因急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎行急诊胆总管切开取石、T形管引流术。术后3天肛门排气后拔除胃管,第4天开始出现腹胀、呕吐。体检:全腹膨隆,全腹轻压痛,无反跳痛。查血常规示WBC 9.O×109/L;血生化示血清钠135mmol/L,血清钾2.5mmol/L。1.该病人术后并发了(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹腔脓肿", "B": "术后出血", "C": "肠麻痹", "D": "胆瘘"}, "answer": "肠麻痹", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,女,10个月。腹泻3天,加重2天。暗绿色水样便每日10余次,量多,腥臭,伴高热、呕吐、少尿。查体:精神萎靡,呈嗜睡状,前囟眼窝凹陷,皮肤弹性差,心音较低钝,腹胀,肝脾不大。实验室检查:粪镜检有大量脓血细胞,血钠135mmol/L,血钾3.5mmol/L。4.第一天补液所采用液体的成分应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2/3张含钠液", "B": "1/2张含钠液", "C": "1/3张含钠液", "D": "1/5张含钠液"}, "answer": "1/2张含钠液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "青春期甲状腺Ⅱ度肿大最佳的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "放射性碘治疗", "B": "甲状腺次全切除术", "C": "口服小剂量甲状腺素片", "D": "多食含碘食物"}, "answer": "口服小剂量甲状腺素片", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男婴,2天,足月自然分娩,脐绕颈1周,Apgar评分1分钟与5分钟分别是3分,7分,体检:小儿易激惹,拥抱反射增强,肌张力增高,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿低血糖", "B": "新生儿脑膜炎", "C": "新生儿脑积水", "D": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病"}, "answer": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "IUD放置时间一般选择在(  )。", "options": {"A": "月经来潮6小时内", "B": "月经期第5~6日", "C": "月经前4~6日", "D": "月经干净第3~7日"}, "answer": "月经干净第3~7日", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者女性,54岁,硬膜外麻醉下行胆囊切除术,术后第1天,体温38.2℃。诉手术切口疼痛,尚能忍受,首先考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤口感染", "B": "伤口裂开", "C": "术后发热", "D": "麻醉并发症"}, "answer": "术后发热", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "重度CO中毒时,血COHb浓度至少应达到(  )。", "options": {"A": "10%", "B": "40%", "C": "20%", "D": "30%"}, "answer": "40%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于医德情感,下列叙述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "它与医德义务无关", "B": "它以医务人员个人的需要为前提", "C": "它应能满足病人的一切需要", "D": "它是医务人员内心体验的自然流露"}, "answer": "它是医务人员内心体验的自然流露", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "由于医务人员医疗水平低所构成对患者安全威胁的因素属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "医院专业因素", "B": "医院管理因素", "C": "医院社会因素", "D": "医院环境因素"}, "answer": "医院专业因素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "麻醉前为了抑制腺体分泌,保持呼吸道通畅,可选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛果芸香碱", "B": "新斯的明", "C": "阿托品", "D": "以上都不行"}, "answer": "阿托品", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,4岁,因高热、反复惊厥2h于8月12日急诊人院。体检:体温40.1℃,面色苍白,四肢冷,脉细速,神志不清,血常规:白细胞26.2×109/L,中性粒细胞0.94。2.为尽快明确诊断.应立即进行的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血涂片查疟原虫", "B": "血培养", "C": "采集粪便常规镜检", "D": "腰椎穿刺脑脊液检查"}, "answer": "采集粪便常规镜检", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,27岁。产后第4天,出现寒战、高热、腰痛,尿白细胞30/HP,尿蛋白(+),尿痛,下腹痛,肾区叩击痛,耻骨上压痛(+),血象WBC 18×109/L。1.首先应考虑产后并发的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "产褥热", "B": "上呼吸道感染", "C": "急性肾盂肾炎", "D": "急性膀胱炎"}, "answer": "急性肾盂肾炎", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,50岁。右侧颈部肿块3个月。查体:右侧颈部胸锁乳突肌上部前缘触及直径约2cm肿块。肿块有膨胀性搏动。下一步处理措施正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "局麻下手术活检", "B": "切开引流", "C": "超声多普勒检查", "D": "局部热敷、按摩"}, "answer": "超声多普勒检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肝硬化时,脾大的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脾窦扩张,红细胞淤滞", "B": "脾内淋巴细胞聚集", "C": "脾内纤维组织增生", "D": "脾小体多量中性粒细胞浸润"}, "answer": "脾窦扩张,红细胞淤滞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "抗甲亢药物治疗一般疗程是(  )。", "options": {"A": "症状缓解后3个月", "B": "症状缓解即可停药", "C": "疗程>1年", "D": "疗程>1年半"}, "answer": "疗程>1年半", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "开放性气胸是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸壁上有未清创缝合的伤口", "B": "胸膜腔持续与外界相通", "C": "胸膜腔暂时与外界相通", "D": "肺组织和胸壁同时损伤"}, "answer": "胸膜腔持续与外界相通", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.肾脏移植后发生在3~5日内的剧烈排斥反应的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "超急排斥反应", "B": "急性体液排斥反应", "C": "急性细胞排斥反应", "D": "迟发型排斥反应"}, "answer": "急性体液排斥反应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一般问题解决模式包含发现问题、分析问题、提出假设、实践和检验假设几个要素,心理治疗过程中哪个阶段相当于提出假设?(  )", "options": {"A": "治疗行动阶段", "B": "分析认识阶段", "C": "问题探索阶段", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "分析认识阶段", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "比奈-西蒙量表属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "智力测验", "B": "人格测验", "C": "神经心理测验", "D": "投射测验"}, "answer": "智力测验", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于高血压药物治疗的选择,下列哪项错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "轻中度高血压伴周围血管病——β受体阻滞剂", "B": "高血压伴糖尿病、微量蛋白尿——ACEI", "C": "高血压伴妊娠——CCB", "D": "高血压伴痛风——ARB"}, "answer": "轻中度高血压伴周围血管病——β受体阻滞剂", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一个测验工具中对于对象可以测量到的程度,是指该工具的(  )。", "options": {"A": "常模", "B": "效度", "C": "样本", "D": "标准"}, "answer": "效度", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "病毒由局部向远离侵入门户的其他部位传播主要是通过淋巴血液系统及(  )。", "options": {"A": "向组织间隙扩散", "B": "沿神经传播", "C": "水平传播", "D": "垂直传播"}, "answer": "沿神经传播", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪种过程与K+的跨膜扩散无关?(  )", "options": {"A": "快反应细胞动作电位的1期复极", "B": "慢反应细胞动作电位的0期去极", "C": "快反应细胞动作电位的3期复极", "D": "慢反应自律细胞的4期自动去极"}, "answer": "慢反应细胞动作电位的0期去极", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.系膜细胞增生,系膜基质增多(  )。", "options": {"A": "系膜增生性肾小球肾炎", "B": "IgA肾病", "C": "慢性肾小球肾炎", "D": "快速进行性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "系膜增生性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,43岁。3天前自非洲回北京,回京后开始发冷、寒战,既之高热,持续3小时后出汗、热退,每两天发热1次,血涂片见疟原虫滋养体。应选择的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯喹加伯氨喹", "B": "磺胺加乙胺嘧啶", "C": "乙胺嘧啶加伯氨喹", "D": "青蒿素加氯喹"}, "answer": "氯喹加伯氨喹", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "能引起转移性脓肿的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄球菌", "B": "大肠杆菌", "C": "链球菌", "D": "变形杆菌"}, "answer": "葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女孩,1岁,智力低下伴经常便秘来诊。查体:身高65cm,头发干燥,面黄,塌鼻梁,舌体厚大,腹胀,脐部膨出。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "先天性甲状腺功能减低", "B": "黏多糖病", "C": "先天性巨结肠", "D": "21-三体综合征"}, "answer": "先天性甲状腺功能减低", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,33岁,一年来反复出现情绪低落,有自杀企图。有时又说:“我肯定被人害死。”癫痫大发作一次。神经系统检查:站立不稳,走路跌跌撞撞,右侧上下肢肌张力增高,右侧巴氏征(+)。精神检查:意识清晰,被害妄想,反应迟钝,随地小便,表情呆板。脑脊液:压力190mmH2O,成分正常。头颅平片:蝶鞍明显扩大,鞍背及后床突已吸收消失。诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "抑郁症", "C": "脑炎所致精神障碍", "D": "脑肿瘤所致精神障碍"}, "answer": "脑肿瘤所致精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "长期服用氯丙嗪后出现的不良反应中,哪一反应用抗胆碱药治疗反可使之加重?(  )", "options": {"A": "静坐不能", "B": "帕金森综合征", "C": "迟发性运动障碍", "D": "急性肌张力障碍"}, "answer": "迟发性运动障碍", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于人体实验重要性的描述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人体实验是医学的起点和基础", "B": "人体实验是医学实验的必经阶段", "C": "人体实验也是医学科研的必经的最后阶段", "D": "人体实验是医学科研的唯一环节"}, "answer": "人体实验是医学科研的唯一环节", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,35岁,药物流产后3天,高热伴右下腹痛1天,妇科检查:白带脓性,宫颈举痛,宫体大小如妊娠六周,右附件区有明显压痛。2.对诊断本病无价值的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "后穹窿穿刺", "B": "超声", "C": "腹腔镜检", "D": "尿hCG检测"}, "answer": "尿hCG检测", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.可引起脓毒血症的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "破伤风梭菌", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "C": "鼠伤寒沙门菌", "D": "腐生葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.上述哪项产生IL-4?(  )", "options": {"A": "Th1", "B": "Th2", "C": "Tc", "D": "NK"}, "answer": "Th2", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在下列方法中,下列哪项为精神分析治疗常用?(  )", "options": {"A": "系统脱敏", "B": "厌恶治疗", "C": "患者中心", "D": "自由联想"}, "answer": "自由联想", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不能通过输血传播的病原是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯疱疹病毒", "B": "EB病毒", "C": "巨细胞病毒", "D": "HIV"}, "answer": "单纯疱疹病毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "低渗性缺水的常见病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量出汗", "B": "摄入水不足", "C": "大量使用利尿酸类利尿药", "D": "急性化脓性腹膜炎"}, "answer": "大量使用利尿酸类利尿药", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "属于骨折早期并发症的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "缺血性骨坏死", "B": "关节僵硬", "C": "骨筋膜室综合征", "D": "坠积性肺炎"}, "answer": "骨筋膜室综合征", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "诊断为胎儿生长受限,继续妊娠的指征有(  )。", "options": {"A": "孕妇妊娠合并症、并发症在妊娠期控制良好,未超过预产期", "B": "有胎儿宫内缺氧表现,电子胎心监护反应差", "C": "经治疗后FGR毫无改善,胎儿停止生长3周以上", "D": "胎儿35周,胎儿生物物理评分4分"}, "answer": "孕妇妊娠合并症、并发症在妊娠期控制良好,未超过预产期", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "依据细菌的营养类型分类,大部分细菌属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "化能自养菌", "B": "光能自养菌", "C": "腐生菌", "D": "寄生菌"}, "answer": "寄生菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,67岁,患高血压心脏病10年,因劳累突然出现呼吸困难,不能平卧,急查:BP 80/60mmHg,HR 130次/min。2.首选的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "利尿剂", "B": "吗啡", "C": "ACEI", "D": "多巴胺"}, "answer": "多巴胺", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心动周期中左室容积最大的时期是(  )。", "options": {"A": "快速射血期末", "B": "减慢射血期末", "C": "减慢充盈期末", "D": "房缩期末"}, "answer": "房缩期末", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "当人体由蹲位突然站立时,通过压力感受性反射引起的反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心交感紧张性减弱", "B": "交感缩血管神经紧张增强", "C": "肾小球小动脉扩张", "D": "冠状动脉扩张"}, "answer": "交感缩血管神经紧张增强", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以下哪项不是结核性脑膜炎的早期表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "性情改变", "B": "发热", "C": "精神呆滞", "D": "惊厥"}, "answer": "惊厥", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "支气管哮喘患者出现气流受限的原因不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺体分泌亢进及黏液清除障碍", "B": "气道壁炎性细胞浸润", "C": "肺泡弹性回缩力下降及肺泡壁破坏", "D": "气道平滑肌痉挛"}, "answer": "肺泡弹性回缩力下降及肺泡壁破坏", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "自然界游离核苷酸中磷酸最常见的是与戊糖(核糖或脱氧核糖)的哪个碳原子形成酯键?(  )", "options": {"A": "C-2’", "B": "C-1’", "C": "C-3’", "D": "C-5’"}, "answer": "C-5’", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,22岁,一年来性格变得固执任性,放弃工作而一心钻研数学、哲学,有时突然变得茫然,乱翻床铺,持续时间短暂,过后否认是自己弄的,认为是别人搞得这样。一次回家路上听到母亲在桥上哭,走到桥上又听到母亲在河里哭,于是跳进河里找,被救出,意识恢复后,感到奇怪。病人4岁和16岁时有癫痫发作史。脑电图见阵发性棘慢波。其诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癫痫所致精神障碍", "B": "精神分裂症", "C": "偏执性精神病", "D": "脑外伤性精神障碍"}, "answer": "癫痫所致精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.神经纤维锋电位上升支的形成是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "K+外流", "B": "K+平衡电位", "C": "Na+内流", "D": "Ca2+内流"}, "answer": "Na+内流", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某脂肪酰CoA(20碳)经β-氧化可分解为10mol乙酰CoA,此时可形成ATP的摩尔数为多少?(  )", "options": {"A": "25", "B": "15", "C": "45", "D": "60"}, "answer": "45", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于调节呼吸的化学感受器的叙述,下列哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "有中枢和外周化学感受器", "B": "中枢化学感受器位于延髓腹外侧", "C": "中枢化学感受器的生理刺激是局部细胞外液中的H+", "D": "缺氧对中枢和外周化学感受器均有兴奋作用"}, "answer": "缺氧对中枢和外周化学感受器均有兴奋作用", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于细胞癌基因,正确的概念是(  )。", "options": {"A": "仅与细胞癌变有关的基因", "B": "其表达产物与抑癌基因蛋白的作用无关", "C": "其表达产物仅分布于细胞核内", "D": "以调节细胞生长、分化为主要功能的正常基因组"}, "answer": "以调节细胞生长、分化为主要功能的正常基因组", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.典型的胃溃疡症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "进行性吞咽困难", "B": "进餐后上腹痛,至下一餐前缓解", "C": "不洁饮食后上腹痛,伴呕吐、腹泻", "D": "空腹及夜间上腹痛,进食后可缓解"}, "answer": "进餐后上腹痛,至下一餐前缓解", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.占总能量的30%~35%(  )。", "options": {"A": "脂肪", "B": "碳水化合物", "C": "维生素", "D": "水"}, "answer": "脂肪", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.膳食中酪氨酸充足时可节约的氨基酸是(  )。", "options": {"A": "色氨酸", "B": "苯丙氨酸", "C": "赖氨酸", "D": "组氨酸"}, "answer": "苯丙氨酸", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,一个月前因外伤手术输血800ml,近一周出现乏力、食欲缺乏,尿色加深。化验:ALT 50013/L,抗HCV(+),HCV PCR(+),抗HBc(+)。诊断应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性丙型肝炎,既往有乙肝病毒感染史", "B": "急性乙、丙型肝炎", "C": "慢性丙型肝炎", "D": "急性乙型肝炎"}, "answer": "急性丙型肝炎,既往有乙肝病毒感染史", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "单臀先露时,胎儿两下肢姿势是(  )。", "options": {"A": "髋关节伸直,膝关节伸直", "B": "髋关节屈曲,膝关节屈曲", "C": "髋关节屉曲,膝关节伸直", "D": "髋关节外展,膝关节屈曲"}, "answer": "髋关节屉曲,膝关节伸直", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一哺乳患者,右乳内发现4cm大硬块,疼痛已2天,多为(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳癌", "B": "急性乳房炎", "C": "肉瘤", "D": "乳房囊性增生病"}, "answer": "急性乳房炎", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "香豆素类药物的抗凝作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "妨碍肝脏合成Ⅱ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ、X凝血因子", "B": "激活血浆中的ATⅢ", "C": "激活纤溶酶原", "D": "抑制凝血酶原转变成凝血酶"}, "answer": "妨碍肝脏合成Ⅱ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ、X凝血因子", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列属于营养必需脂肪酸的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "油酸", "B": "亚麻酸", "C": "软脂酸", "D": "十二碳脂肪酸"}, "answer": "亚麻酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性下壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者ST段抬高的导联为(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅰ、aVL", "B": "V7~V9", "C": "V1~V3", "D": "Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF"}, "answer": "Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项与风湿热的发病机制无关?(  )", "options": {"A": "Ⅱ型变态反应", "B": "毛细血管的变态反应性炎症", "C": "抗心肌抗体", "D": "抗链球菌抗体"}, "answer": "毛细血管的变态反应性炎症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,4岁,诊断为单纯性肾病,泼尼松治疗不规律,反复出现水肿,自病后一直低盐饮食,近日来精神萎靡,嗜睡,且浮肿加重,血压70/40mmHg。最可能发生(  )。", "options": {"A": "低钾血症", "B": "低钠血症", "C": "低钙血症", "D": "低镁血症"}, "answer": "低钠血症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,49岁,近半年来情绪低落,对任何事失去兴趣,自感体力不支,头昏,头痛,时常对家人表示愧疚,认为自己拖累了家庭,不如一死了之,曾打开煤气企图自杀,被制止后,又采取割腕自杀行为,认为只有这样才能洗清罪过,体检、神经系统无明显异常,该病人的诊断可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "恶劣心境", "B": "心因性精神障碍", "C": "神经衰弱", "D": "抑郁发作"}, "answer": "抑郁发作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.医师注册后受吊销医师执业证书行政处罚的(  )。", "options": {"A": "从事医师执业活动", "B": "中止医师执业活动", "C": "不予医师执业注册", "D": "注销执业医师注册"}, "answer": "注销执业医师注册", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "原核生物参与转录起始的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "引物酶", "B": "解链酶", "C": "RNA聚合酶Ⅲ", "D": "RNA聚合酶全酶"}, "answer": "RNA聚合酶全酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,55岁,因2天前突然剧烈头痛,恶心、呕吐,伴有颈项强直而入院,穿刺检查证明脑压增高,为防治脑血管痉挛,除一般治疗外,应该选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "维拉帕米", "B": "地尔硫革", "C": "硝苯地平", "D": "氟桂利嗪"}, "answer": "氟桂利嗪", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在低钾型周期性瘫痪的防治方法中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "预防治疗应首选氯化钾口服", "B": "对于有甲亢的患者应积极治疗原发病", "C": "重症患者应静脉补充氯化钾", "D": "宜高钾低钠饮食"}, "answer": "预防治疗应首选氯化钾口服", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某血管活性物质的作用是刺激支气管平滑肌强烈持久性地收缩,增强毛细血管通透性和促进内分泌,该物质应该是(  )。", "options": {"A": "组胺", "B": "白三烯", "C": "前列腺素", "D": "激肽"}, "answer": "白三烯", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.自身免疫性疾病(  )。", "options": {"A": "输血反应", "B": "反复性化脓性感染", "C": "肺-出血肾炎综合征", "D": "急性体液排斥"}, "answer": "肺-出血肾炎综合征", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某病人进行检查时发现尿中蛋白尿每日超过4g,血脂增高,每升血浆白蛋白低于30g,该病人最可能患有的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝硬化", "B": "高血压", "C": "肾病综合症", "D": "急性肾盂肾炎"}, "answer": "肾病综合症", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.二尖瓣狭窄、心力衰竭,合并快速心房颤动的首选治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "洋地黄", "B": "利多卡因", "C": "地尔硫", "D": "普罗帕酮"}, "answer": "洋地黄", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.表达FasL和特异杀伤靶细胞(  )。", "options": {"A": "Th2细胞", "B": "NK细胞", "C": "Tc细胞", "D": "Mφ"}, "answer": "Tc细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿女,10个月,人工喂养,未添加辅食,主因2个月面色苍白,精神、食欲差就诊。查体:面色蜡黄,睑结膜苍白,心前区听诊可闻及Ⅱ级柔和收缩期杂音,肝肋下2.5cm,脾肋下1cm。末梢血:血红蛋白75g/L,红细胞2.0×1012/L,网织红细胞0.5%。1.肝脾增大的原因,最可能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙型肝炎", "B": "心力衰竭", "C": "CMV感染", "D": "髓外造血"}, "answer": "髓外造血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.需要通过重组修复的DNA损伤类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "插入", "B": "缺失", "C": "点突变", "D": "倒位或转位"}, "answer": "倒位或转位", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.治疗婴儿痉挛症首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙戊酸钠", "B": "乙琥胺", "C": "苯妥英钠", "D": "ACTH"}, "answer": "ACTH", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "休克和急性肾功能衰竭最好选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "多巴胺", "B": "问羟胺", "C": "肾上腺素", "D": "阿托品"}, "answer": "多巴胺", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.结核性腹膜炎的主要感染途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "经口", "B": "腹腔病变直接蔓延", "C": "经淋巴管道", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "腹腔病变直接蔓延", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "消化性溃疡患者发生夜间痛和背部放射痛最突出的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃大弯溃疡", "B": "幽门管溃疡", "C": "十二指肠球后溃疡", "D": "食管溃疡"}, "answer": "十二指肠球后溃疡", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "奥美拉唑不能用于治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "十二指肠球部溃疡", "B": "反流性食管炎", "C": "Zollinger-Ellison综合征", "D": "胃嗜铬细胞瘤"}, "answer": "胃嗜铬细胞瘤", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "B1B细胞和B2B细胞表面具有鉴别意义的标志(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD19", "B": "μH", "C": "CD5", "D": "CD79α/CD79β(Igα/Igβ)"}, "answer": "CD5", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "高血压脑出血患者来院时昏迷,已脑疝,应首先采取的急救措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "开颅手术", "B": "脑室穿刺", "C": "静脉快速滴注甘露醇", "D": "静脉注射50%葡萄糖"}, "answer": "静脉快速滴注甘露醇", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.选用青霉素G、头孢噻肟(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎链球菌脑膜炎", "B": "双球菌脑膜炎", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌脑膜炎", "D": "流感嗜血杆菌性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "肺炎链球菌脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,22岁,l年前因精神刺激表现为郁郁不乐,认为自己有罪,耳边听到有说话声,内容说不出,有时侧耳倾听“地球隆隆响声”,问家人“为什么我想的事别人都知道”,看见小汽车非常恐惧,不出门,独处一隅,喝酒,自语、自笑。躯体、神经系统检查均正常。意识清晰,一次突然对着打开的电风扇下跪说:“我有罪,该死。”近期听到电风扇有一男人说:“你是叛徒,内奸。”认为自己大脑被一名死者控制着,哭笑都不受自己支配,自己想事别人通过遥控器控制他,有时想事想到一半时,认为想法被一个死人“抽走”了,无法继续想下去。2.最有效的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿米替林", "B": "氯丙嗪", "C": "脑器质性病治疗", "D": "行为矫正"}, "answer": "氯丙嗪", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,40岁,半月前患“感冒”,头痛,恶心,呕吐两次,发热,当时按“感冒”治疗。此后逐渐出现精神委靡,疲乏无力,表情淡漠,卧床不起,不食,不语,问话不答,时而独自发笑。既往健康。躯体检查:体温38.5℃,脉搏100次/分,呼吸20次/分,血压120/70mmHg,急性重症面容,体表消瘦,轻度脱水。神经系统检查:嗜睡状态,右下肢肌张力增高,腱反射亢进,有踝阵挛。精神检查:两眼呆滞,缄默不语,表情淡漠,蜡样屈曲,处于木僵状态。脑电图呈广泛中度异常。1.下述哪一项检查最有意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "CSF", "B": "头颅平片", "C": "CT", "D": "MRI"}, "answer": "CSF", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "常见的周围血管征不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "枪击音", "B": "毛细血管搏动征", "C": "脉压增大", "D": "水冲脉"}, "answer": "脉压增大", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有机磷中毒时应用阿托品,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "用量应根据病情适当使用", "B": "与胆碱酯酶复活剂合用时,阿托品的剂量应减少", "C": "重度中毒时应静脉给药", "D": "当出现阿托品中毒时应立即间隔给药"}, "answer": "当出现阿托品中毒时应立即间隔给药", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,65岁。因大量蛋白尿入院,肾活检示膜性肾病,予泼尼松60mg/日治疗3周,突发右侧腰痛伴肉眼血尿1天。查体:右肾区叩击痛(+),尿蛋白(++++)。尿沉渣镜检:RBC满视野,血Alb 15g/L,血肌酐95μmol/L,B超示右肾增大。1.对明确血尿原因最有价值的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "清洁中段尿培养", "B": "静脉肾盂造影", "C": "肾血管彩超", "D": "尿查肿瘤细胞"}, "answer": "肾血管彩超", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.皮肤弥漫充血,上有密集针尖大小丘疹(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹", "B": "幼儿急疹", "C": "猩红热", "D": "肠道病毒感染"}, "answer": "猩红热", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,38岁,心脏听诊发现心尖部收缩中、晚期喀喇音。2.查体:体温38.6℃,睑结膜苍白,可见出血点,心率102/min,心尖部可闻及3/6级收缩期杂音,双肺未闻及干、湿性啰音,脾肋下2cm。尿液检查:蛋白(+),WBC O或1个/HP。该患者发热最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎", "B": "风湿活动", "C": "泌尿系感染", "D": "感染性心内膜炎"}, "answer": "感染性心内膜炎", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有一名30岁车祸头部受伤病人,深昏迷,刺激时有去大脑强直发作,CT未见颅内血肿及脑挫伤,环池未受压,诊断应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑挫伤", "B": "脑震荡", "C": "轴素损伤", "D": "脑干损伤"}, "answer": "脑干损伤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,36岁。间断腹痛、腹泻5年,大便3~5次/日,带黏液,无脓血,便后胀痛缓解,受凉及紧张后症状加重,无发热,抗生素治疗无效。体重无减轻。粪隐血试验阴性。2.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溃疡性结肠炎", "B": "慢性细菌性痢疾", "C": "肠结核", "D": "肠易激综合征"}, "answer": "肠易激综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "反式作用因子是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "具有激活功能的调节蛋白", "B": "对自身基因转录具有激活功能的调节蛋白", "C": "对另一基因转录具有激活功能的调节蛋白", "D": "对另一基因转录具有控制功能的调节蛋白"}, "answer": "对另一基因转录具有控制功能的调节蛋白", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.肌梭属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "感受器", "B": "效应器", "C": "传出神经", "D": "传入神经"}, "answer": "感受器", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是口服药治疗甲亢的适应证?(  )", "options": {"A": "病情轻,甲状腺较小者", "B": "结节性高功能腺瘤", "C": "年龄超过30岁", "D": "中、重度甲亢"}, "answer": "病情轻,甲状腺较小者", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "骨折病人发生休克的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肿胀", "B": "出血", "C": "疼痛", "D": "惊吓"}, "answer": "出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "佝偻病激期的表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅骨软化", "B": "骨骺X线检查正常", "C": "血钙浓度正常", "D": "肌张力增强"}, "answer": "颅骨软化", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.肾上腺髓质激素大量释放时(  )。", "options": {"A": "血压升高,心率加快", "B": "血压降低,心率加快", "C": "血压降低,心率加慢", "D": "心律和血压均无变化"}, "answer": "血压升高,心率加快", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,5岁,水肿、少尿4天。尿检:蛋白质(+++),红细胞0~3个/HP。血浆总蛋白40g/L,清蛋白20g/L,胆固醇12mmol/L,尿素氮4.5mmol/L。本病例最可能诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯性肾病", "B": "慢性肾炎", "C": "急性肾炎", "D": "尿路感染"}, "answer": "单纯性肾病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对法洛四联症患者出现蹲踞现象,下列哪一项解释是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "静脉回流减少,心脏负担减轻", "B": "下肢血管扭曲", "C": "右向左分流增加", "D": "体循环阻力增加"}, "answer": "右向左分流增加", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.菌痢假膜形成属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "蜂窝织炎", "B": "卡他性炎", "C": "纤维素性炎", "D": "积脓"}, "answer": "纤维素性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,45岁,G4P2。月经规律,白带增多半年,性交后阴道流血2个月。近3年未体检。妇科检查发现宫颈重度糜烂状,触血(+),子宫附件未见明显异常。宫颈活检组织病理报告为宫颈鳞状细胞癌,浸润深度为7mm。3.如术后组织病理学证实右侧外淋巴结转移,最恰当的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "放化疗", "B": "观察随访", "C": "物理治疗", "D": "生物治疗"}, "answer": "放化疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "帕金森病的典型症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "面具脸", "B": "运动徐缓", "C": "慌张步态", "D": "静止性震颤"}, "answer": "静止性震颤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "引起冠状动脉性心脏病的最常见的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "冠状动脉痉挛", "B": "冠状动脉粥样硬化", "C": "结节性动脉周围炎", "D": "风湿性主动脉炎"}, "answer": "冠状动脉粥样硬化", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "中毒型细菌性痢疾多发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "2~7岁体格健壮的小儿", "B": "3~6个月体格健壮的婴幼儿", "C": "8~10岁营养状况较差的儿童", "D": "12~14岁青春期儿童"}, "answer": "2~7岁体格健壮的小儿", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,76岁。一年来日常活动时即感胸闷,3天前突发夜间阵发性呼吸困难,伴咳粉红泡沫痰。查体:BP 100/70mmHg,心尖搏动呈抬举样,胸骨右缘第二肋间可闻及4/6级收缩期喷射样杂音,向颈部传导,双肺可闻及散在细湿啰音。2.最恰当的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉滴注大剂量抗生素", "B": "皮下注射低分子抗生素", "C": "暂不处理,密切随访", "D": "尽早外科手术"}, "answer": "尽早外科手术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,40岁。因食欲缺乏、尿少、腹胀3个月住院。19岁检查时曾发现肝大。体检:消瘦,腹膨隆,肝未触及,脾肋下3cm,腹部移动性浊音阳性,腹水检查比重1.012,黏蛋白定性试验(-),白细胞计数80×109/L。2.对本患者腹水的治疗,原则上不采用(  )。", "options": {"A": "利尿剂", "B": "静脉滴注白蛋白", "C": "腹水浓缩回输", "D": "腹腔颈内静脉分流术"}, "answer": "腹水浓缩回输", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.由一条多肽链组成而具有多种不同催化功能的酶为(  )。", "options": {"A": "单体酶", "B": "结合酶", "C": "寡聚酶", "D": "多功能酶"}, "answer": "多功能酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,46岁,主诉排便时阴道脱出一块状物,检查时用力时阴道前壁脱出,宫颈外口露于阴道口外。1.本例应诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫脱垂Ⅰ度", "B": "阴道后壁膨出", "C": "子宫脱垂Ⅱ度重型", "D": "子宫脱垂Ⅱ度轻型"}, "answer": "子宫脱垂Ⅱ度轻型", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.缺乏维生素B12(  )。", "options": {"A": "大细胞高色素贫血", "B": "正细胞正色素贫血", "C": "小细胞低色素贫血", "D": "小细胞正色素贫血"}, "answer": "大细胞高色素贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,1岁。发热、咳嗽3天,今日突然出现气促、呼吸困难,发绀,面色苍白,心率增快达180次/分,两肺闻及粗湿啰音和哮鸣音,肝肋下3cm。最可能合并的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性心力衰竭", "B": "脓胸", "C": "气胸", "D": "心肌炎"}, "answer": "急性心力衰竭", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,20岁。因乏力、纳差1个月,尿少、水肿及高血压1周。实验室检查发现贫血、血尿、蛋白尿,补体C3正常,血肌酐和尿素氮均升高。B超双肾增大,临床诊断为急性肾衰竭。3.与急进性肾炎预后不相关的因素(  )。", "options": {"A": "性别", "B": "新月体类型", "C": "少尿", "D": "治疗时机"}, "answer": "性别", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.上述是支气管扩张典型痰液表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量白色泡沫状痰", "B": "大量脓性痰,有分层", "C": "痰中带血丝", "D": "大量白色黏液样痰"}, "answer": "大量脓性痰,有分层", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一般所说的生物地球化学性疾病主要是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "自然疫源性疾病", "B": "地质环境因素引起的疾病", "C": "遗传性疾病", "D": "区域内的传染病"}, "answer": "地质环境因素引起的疾病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "腹部闭合性损伤病人,腹部X线平片发现腹膜后积气,最可能的损伤部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "横结肠", "B": "乙状结肠", "C": "十二指肠球部", "D": "十二指肠水平部"}, "answer": "十二指肠水平部", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于操纵基因的叙述,下述哪一项是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "与阻遏蛋白结合的部位", "B": "具有转录活性", "C": "属于结构基因的一部分", "D": "与RNA聚合酶结合的部位"}, "answer": "与阻遏蛋白结合的部位", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不是病人权利的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "拒绝疾病的治疗", "B": "监督医疗过程", "C": "获悉病情", "D": "保护自己所有的隐私"}, "answer": "保护自己所有的隐私", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.上叙哪项是氨在血液中的主要运输形式?(  )", "options": {"A": "丙氨酸和谷氨酰胺", "B": "谷氨酸和丙氨酸", "C": "瓜氨酸和精氨酸", "D": "组氨酸和赖氨酸"}, "answer": "丙氨酸和谷氨酰胺", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,23岁,2个月前无明显诱因出现自言自语,有时独自发笑,有时对空谩骂,感觉被人监视和追踪,思想和行为会被某种外力控制情绪低落,觉得被逼的走投无路,曾报警寻求保护,睡眠差,实验室检查未发现异常。2.患者在药物治疗2个月后,症状缓解,但出现停经和泌乳现象,治疗药物最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "利培酮", "B": "奎硫平", "C": "奥氯平", "D": "阿立哌唑"}, "answer": "利培酮", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.增强NK细胞杀伤活性(  )。", "options": {"A": "IL-4", "B": "IL-8", "C": "IL-12", "D": "IL-15"}, "answer": "IL-12", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,19岁打工妹。干咳3月伴不规则发热,体温波动在37.8℃~38.5℃,无咯血及关节、肌肉痛,先后多次静脉注射“头孢霉素”仍未见效,现停经50天。查体:消瘦,双颈部可触及成串小淋巴结,活动,无压痛,右上肺可闻及少量湿啰音。胸片示:右上肺大片密度不均阴影,有小空洞形成。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌性肺炎", "B": "支原体肺炎", "C": "过敏性肺炎", "D": "干酪性肺炎"}, "answer": "干酪性肺炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肾综合征出血热潜伏期一般为(  )。", "options": {"A": "1周", "B": "1~2周", "C": "2~3周", "D": "一个月"}, "answer": "1~2周", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "左心衰竭患者合并右心衰竭后,可能减轻左心衰竭时的临床症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "恶心", "B": "喘憋", "C": "肝大", "D": "颈静脉充盈"}, "answer": "喘憋", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医患关系是一种(  )。", "options": {"A": "主从关系", "B": "信托关系", "C": "单纯的技术关系", "D": "陌生人关系"}, "answer": "信托关系", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.对癫痫小发作最好选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙琥胺", "B": "苯妥英钠", "C": "地西泮", "D": "卡马西平"}, "answer": "乙琥胺", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列属于正氮平衡的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "创伤", "B": "饥饿", "C": "妊娠", "D": "贫血"}, "answer": "妊娠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "48岁妇女,绝经1年,阴道少许接触性出血。妇科检查:宫颈中度糜烂,宫体大小正常,宫颈刮片2次均为阴性,若进一步确诊,应选下述哪项检查(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫腔镜检查", "B": "宫腔冲洗液细胞学检查", "C": "分段诊刮", "D": "随访"}, "answer": "分段诊刮", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.胰腺损伤的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹膜炎严重,呈板状腹", "B": "腹膜炎出现较晚,但较重", "C": "腹膜炎出现较晚且较轻", "D": "无腹膜刺激征"}, "answer": "腹膜炎出现较晚且较轻", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.首先考虑胃癌的临床表现(  )。", "options": {"A": "吞咽困难", "B": "上腹痛伴贫血", "C": "反复反酸、烧心伴胸痛", "D": "间断餐后上腹部胀痛伴嗳气,不影响睡眠"}, "answer": "上腹痛伴贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,53岁。接触性出血1个月。妇科检查:宫颈后唇有一菜花样新生物,接触性出血阳性,宫体正常大小,附件(+)。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫内膜癌", "B": "急性宫颈炎", "C": "宫颈肌瘤", "D": "宫颈癌"}, "answer": "宫颈癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "日本血吸虫病早期的病理变化主要由下述哪一种因素引起?(  )", "options": {"A": "虫卵", "B": "田胞蚴", "C": "毛蚴", "D": "尾虫蚴"}, "answer": "虫卵", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一位50多岁男患者,患慢支、肺气肿多年,某日上午因用力咳嗽,突感胸痛、气促,立即被送到医院急诊科。体检发现:血压100/70mmHg,呼吸120次/分,烦躁,唇、指发绀,气管明显偏左,右侧胸廓饱满,叩诊鼓音,呼吸音明显减弱。拟诊右侧气胸,未做相应处理,即送放射科做胸透。透视完后病人出现潮式呼吸,未及抢救就死亡了。为防止类似现象,应该(  )。", "options": {"A": "依据症状,请相关医生会诊做决策,不伤害病人", "B": "充分检查,明确诊断,不伤害病人", "C": "当机立断,审慎地做诊断加处置性穿刺,有利病人", "D": "迅速判断并确定恰当目标,做出恰当的医疗决策,有利病人"}, "answer": "当机立断,审慎地做诊断加处置性穿刺,有利病人", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "接种乙型肝炎病毒疫苗后,获得免疫力的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HBcAg", "B": "HBeAg", "C": "抗HBe", "D": "抗HBs"}, "answer": "抗HBs", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,30岁。车祸2小时后来院,一般情况尚好,右小腿中上段皮裂伤14cm,软组织挫伤较重,胫骨骨折端有外露,出血不多。1.此时最佳的处理方法,是(  )。", "options": {"A": "清创术,骨折复位,外固定支架固定", "B": "清创术,骨折复位,髓内针内固定", "C": "清创术,夹板固定", "D": "清创术,石膏管型固定"}, "answer": "清创术,骨折复位,外固定支架固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "低血糖症是指血糖水平低于(  )。", "options": {"A": "2.0mmol/L", "B": "2.8mmol/L", "C": "3.0mmol/L", "D": "3.5mmol/L"}, "answer": "2.8mmol/L", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "需血浆置换的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾炎", "B": "ANCA相关性血管炎伴肺出血", "C": "急性肾小管坏死", "D": "Ⅲ型狼疮性肾炎"}, "answer": "ANCA相关性血管炎伴肺出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新生儿寒冷损伤综合症的主要表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多器官功能损害", "B": "心率减慢", "C": "低体温和皮肤硬肿", "D": "反应低下"}, "answer": "低体温和皮肤硬肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,54岁。20天内呕血2次,每次呕血之后大便发黑。乙肝病史30年。贫血貌,浅表淋巴结未触及,皮肤蜘蛛痣和出血点。腹软,肝未触及,腹水征(+)。肾功能正常。胃镜检查见食管静脉曲张。1.最适宜的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "远端脾肾静脉分流术", "B": "脾切除、胃底食管下端周围血管离断术", "C": "脾切除、脾肾静脉分流术", "D": "经颈静脉肝内门体分流术"}, "answer": "脾切除、胃底食管下端周围血管离断术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.发生在输血后1~2h内的反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "非溶血性发热反应", "B": "循环超负荷", "C": "变态反应", "D": "细菌污染反应"}, "answer": "非溶血性发热反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不属于重度子痫前期并发症的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾衰竭", "B": "弥散性血管内凝血", "C": "HELLP综合征", "D": "肺炎"}, "answer": "肺炎", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,3岁,智能发育较同龄儿明显落后。查检:发育较小,两眼距宽,鼻梁低平,双眼外侧上斜,外耳小,舌常伸出口外。临床上拟诊先天愚型,下述哪一项最具有确诊意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "特殊面容", "B": "血清TSH、T4检查", "C": "染色体核型分析", "D": "血浆游离氨基酸分析"}, "answer": "染色体核型分析", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男童,11岁,近2周来出现夜间入睡2~3h后起床,并在床边摸索,片刻后至厨房,再自行返回睡觉,动作机械,历时半小时左右,醒后不能回忆,体检、神经系统无异常,颅脑CT(-)、脑电图(-)。该患者诊断考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神运动性癫痫", "B": "夜惊", "C": "睡行症", "D": "分离性漫游"}, "answer": "睡行症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.属真核生物蛋白质合成起动所需的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "含7-甲基三磷酸鸟苷“帽”及polyA尾的mRNA", "B": "CTP", "C": "EFG", "D": "带有甲酰蛋氨酸的tRNA"}, "answer": "含7-甲基三磷酸鸟苷“帽”及polyA尾的mRNA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "骨巨细胞瘤治疗方案的确定决定于(  )。", "options": {"A": "临床表现", "B": "X线表现", "C": "病理检查", "D": "G、T、M分级"}, "answer": "G、T、M分级", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,l8岁,诊断为弥漫性甲状腺肿,其治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1311碘治疗", "B": "手术", "C": "服小剂量甲状腺素", "D": "服用抗甲状腺药物"}, "answer": "服小剂量甲状腺素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女.36岁。发现心脏杂音20余年,心界呈梨形,心尖部可闻及舒张期隆隆样杂音,可闻及开瓣音。与患者临床表现相符的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Graham-Steell杂音", "B": "水冲脉", "C": "毛细血管搏动征", "D": "肝颈静脉回流征"}, "answer": "Graham-Steell杂音", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在急性肾衰竭病人少尿期或无尿期,需紧急处理的电解质失调是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低钠血症", "B": "低钙血症", "C": "高镁血症", "D": "高钾血症"}, "answer": "高钾血症", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "癌与肉瘤的区别主要依据(  )。", "options": {"A": "浸润性生长、无包膜", "B": "通过血道转移", "C": "组织来源", "D": "异型性明显,有核分裂相"}, "answer": "组织来源", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "休克监测中最常用的项目是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺动脉楔压", "B": "血气分析", "C": "中心静脉压", "D": "血氧饱和度"}, "answer": "中心静脉压", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.可兴奋细胞受刺激后,第一个出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "锋电位", "B": "负后电位", "C": "局部电位", "D": "正后电位"}, "answer": "局部电位", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医生白某因挪用公款用于个人经营,被判有期徒刑一年。1.白某被判刑后其执业(  )。", "options": {"A": "可以不受限制", "B": "注销注册", "C": "服刑期间不允许执业,服刑期满可再执业", "D": "终止医师执业活动"}, "answer": "注销注册", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,58岁。黑便3天。呕血1天伴头晕、心悸,被送入急诊室。既往有“慢性胃病史”。无肝病史。查体:T 36.6℃,P 96次/min,BP 108/70mmHg。意识清楚,面色苍白,巩膜无黄染,心、肺检查未见异常,腹软,未见腹壁静脉曲张,肝、脾肋下未触及,移动性浊音阴性。肠鸣音活跃。化验:Hb 85g/L,WBC 4.0×109/L。PLT 122×109/L。此时最重要的处理原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "补充血容量", "B": "急诊内镜", "C": "肌注止血药", "D": "急症手术治疗"}, "answer": "急诊内镜", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.格林—巴利综合征表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "四肢无力,脑脊液蛋白细胞分离", "B": "四肢无力,手套、袜套样感觉障碍", "C": "四肢无力,休息后减轻,活动后加重", "D": "四肢无力,肩胛带骨盆带萎缩"}, "answer": "四肢无力,脑脊液蛋白细胞分离", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿尿蛋白定量异常的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": ">50mg/d", "B": ">100mg/d", "C": ">200mg/d", "D": ">300mg/d"}, "answer": ">200mg/d", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对甲状腺结节的诊断,首先进行的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺B超", "B": "穿刺细胞学", "C": "颈部MRI", "D": "颈部CT"}, "answer": "甲状腺B超", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,28岁,自觉清晨双手指问和掌指关节强直半年,近2个月关节肿胀伴活动障碍。服用非甾体类抗炎药和金制剂等,疗效不满意。3.该患者目前首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "非甾体类抗炎药", "B": "免疫抑制剂", "C": "手术治疗", "D": "支持疗法"}, "answer": "免疫抑制剂", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项为影响传染病流行过程的因素?(  )", "options": {"A": "病原体、带菌动物", "B": "病原体、人体和环境", "C": "传染源、传播途径、易感人群", "D": "社会因素、自然因素"}, "answer": "社会因素、自然因素", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肠套叠的三大典型症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹痛、发热、黄疸", "B": "腹痛、发热、脓血便", "C": "腹痛、血便、里急后重", "D": "腹痛、血便、腹部肿块"}, "answer": "腹痛、血便、腹部肿块", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.通过粪—口途径传播的病毒是(  )。", "options": {"A": "汉坦病毒", "B": "脊髓灰质炎病毒", "C": "冠状病毒", "D": "EB病毒"}, "answer": "脊髓灰质炎病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,男,1岁,咳嗽5天,发热、气喘1天。查体:38℃,咽赤(+),呼吸急促,唇轻度发绀。诊断为急性支气管肺炎。哪项体征对诊断有利?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺间不固定的水泡音及哮鸣音", "B": "鼻翼扇动及三凹征阳性,肺部固定中小水泡音", "C": "呼气性呼吸困难", "D": "呼吸急促,口周发绀"}, "answer": "鼻翼扇动及三凹征阳性,肺部固定中小水泡音", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初孕妇开始出现自觉胎动的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "妊娠15~17周", "B": "妊娠18~20周", "C": "妊娠21~23周", "D": "妊娠24~26周"}, "answer": "妊娠18~20周", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,36岁。上腹部被汽车方向盘挤压2小时,剑突下疼痛,并呕吐血性液体内容物150mL来院,此时检查主要注意的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹肌紧张反跳痛", "B": "肝区叩痛", "C": "局限性上腹部压痛", "D": "皮下气肿"}, "answer": "肝区叩痛", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪一种药物可阻滞甲状腺球蛋白分解,从而抑制甲状腺素的释放?(  )", "options": {"A": "丙硫氧嘧啶", "B": "普萘洛尔", "C": "他巴唑甲巯咪唑", "D": "碘剂"}, "answer": "碘剂", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "25岁初产妇,妊娠39周,阵发性腹痛20小时,10~12分钟宫缩一次,持续30秒,宫口开大2cm。3.若进入第二产程后,胎头+3,胎心90次/分,此时的处理应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即行剖宫产术", "B": "等待自然分娩", "C": "行产钳术助娩", "D": "静脉滴注缩宫素"}, "answer": "立即行剖宫产术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,48岁。近1个月来出现口渴。每日饮水量约2000ml。身高156cm,体重70kg。患者空腹血糖7.6 mmol/L,餐后血糖14.8mmol/L。过去无糖尿病病史。1.给患者的治疗措施(  )。", "options": {"A": "饮食+运动", "B": "α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂", "C": "双胍类降血糖药", "D": "使用胰岛素"}, "answer": "饮食+运动", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医疗机构配制制剂,应是本单位临床需要而市场上没有供应的品种,并须经所在地下列部门批准后方可配制(  )。", "options": {"A": "省级卫生行政部门", "B": "省级药品监督管理部门", "C": "防治措施和医疗保健措施", "D": "防治措施和追踪调查措施"}, "answer": "省级药品监督管理部门", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,35岁,2个月来每天于饭前上腹痛,进食缓解,反酸,钡餐:十二指肠球部变形,局部压痛,考虑为什么疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "胃溃疡", "B": "十二指肠溃疡", "C": "十二指肠球后溃疡", "D": "复合型溃疡"}, "answer": "十二指肠溃疡", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "张某于1998年8月从某医学院成人大专医疗班毕业,张某可以(  )。", "options": {"A": "在医疗、预防、保健机构中试用期满1年,参加执业医师资格考试", "B": "在医疗、预防、保健机构中试用期满1年,参加执业助理医师资格考试", "C": "在医疗、预防、保健机构中试用期满2年,参加执业助理医师资格考试", "D": "取得执业助理医师执业证书后,在医疗、预防、保健机构中试用期满1年,参加执业医师资格考试"}, "answer": "在医疗、预防、保健机构中试用期满1年,参加执业助理医师资格考试", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "妄想是(  )。", "options": {"A": "无法摆脱的重复出现的观念", "B": "不能被说服的病态信念", "C": "大量涌现的不自主的观念", "D": "思维联想连贯性障碍"}, "answer": "不能被说服的病态信念", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "鉴别水肿型和出血坏死型胰腺炎最有价值的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "黄疸", "B": "发热", "C": "Cullen征", "D": "呕吐"}, "answer": "Cullen征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心脏骤停时,心肺复苏的首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "异丙肾上腺素", "B": "肾上腺素", "C": "多巴胺", "D": "间羟胺"}, "answer": "肾上腺素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "DNA碱基组成的规律是(  )。", "options": {"A": "A=C;T=G", "B": "A=T;G=C", "C": "A=G=T=C", "D": "(A+T)/(C+G)=1"}, "answer": "A=T;G=C", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于大气二次污染物的说法,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "经化学或光化学作用生成", "B": "与一次污染物的化学性质不同的新污染物", "C": "毒性往往比一次污染物更大", "D": "沉降的污染物因刮风再次进入大气是二次污染物"}, "answer": "沉降的污染物因刮风再次进入大气是二次污染物", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,65岁,咳嗽、咳痰10天,纳差、腹泻3天,神志不清伴抽搐2小时。糖尿病史10年,不规律口服降糖药治疗。2.体检重点为(  )。", "options": {"A": "体温", "B": "皮肤粘膜湿度", "C": "肺部啰音", "D": "腹部检查"}, "answer": "皮肤粘膜湿度", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "霍乱与其他细菌引起的腹泻,下列哪项为其最主要的鉴别点?(  )", "options": {"A": "有无腹痛及里急后重", "B": "有无“米泔水”样粪便", "C": "有无严重的脱水表现", "D": "细菌学检查结果"}, "answer": "细菌学检查结果", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,35岁。上腹部突发刀割样剧痛2小时急诊入院。查体:强迫体位,板状腹,全腹压痛、反跳痛、肌紧张,以右上腹为著。肝浊音界减小,肠鸣音减弱。2.下列非手术疗法中无必要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "禁食、胃肠减压", "B": "输液、纠正电解质紊乱", "C": "抗生素治疗", "D": "针刺治疗"}, "answer": "针刺治疗", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "发生医疗纠纷,可提请医疗事故技术鉴定委员会鉴定,由卫生行政部门处理。对鉴定结论或卫生行政部门处理不服的(  )。", "options": {"A": "只能申请上一级卫生行政部门复议", "B": "只能申请上一级鉴定委员会重新鉴定", "C": "不能进行任何申请或起诉", "D": "可以提出重新鉴定或行政复议申请,也可以起诉"}, "answer": "可以提出重新鉴定或行政复议申请,也可以起诉", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "最适宜采用心理治疗的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃溃疡", "B": "抑郁症", "C": "冠心病", "D": "精神发育迟滞"}, "answer": "抑郁症", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "磷酸戊糖途径的生理意义,不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "为核苷酸合成提供5-磷酸核糖", "B": "产生NADPH促进生物合成", "C": "产生NADPH氧化供能", "D": "产生NADPH参与体内羟化反应"}, "answer": "产生NADPH氧化供能", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "晚期慢性肾小球肾炎最主要的改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球纤维化、玻璃样变", "B": "肾小球肥大", "C": "肾小球小动脉玻璃样变", "D": "脏层上皮细胞增生"}, "answer": "肾小球纤维化、玻璃样变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.安静时细胞膜内、外的电位差是(  )。", "options": {"A": "局部电位", "B": "静息电位", "C": "阈电位", "D": "突触后电位"}, "answer": "静息电位", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.胰、十二指肠切除术后,持续胃肠减压2周,无排气,腹部无压痛,肠鸣音减弱,T波低平,考虑存在(  )。", "options": {"A": "低钾血症", "B": "高渗性缺水", "C": "低渗性缺水", "D": "低钙血症"}, "answer": "低钾血症", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有关硫脲类临床应用错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "用于甲状腺次全切除手术病人术前准备", "B": "甲状腺危象的治疗", "C": "用于甲状腺次全切除手术病人术前准备应与碘剂配合使用", "D": "用于甲状腺危象治疗时不能使用碘剂"}, "answer": "用于甲状腺危象治疗时不能使用碘剂", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.频繁TIA发作(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制血小板治疗", "B": "外科手术清除血肿", "C": "溶栓治疗", "D": "甘露醇脱水治疗"}, "answer": "抑制血小板治疗", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者有偏瘫、偏身感觉障碍和偏盲,最可能有下列哪条血管闭塞?(  )", "options": {"A": "大脑中动脉", "B": "大脑前动脉", "C": "内听动脉", "D": "脊髓前动脉"}, "answer": "大脑中动脉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.经产妇,临产18小时,破膜16小时。宫缩强,下腹压痛,枕左前位,先露高,胎心150次/分,宫口开大2cm,胎头双顶径9.6cm,导尿见肉眼血尿。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫破裂", "B": "先兆子宫破裂", "C": "胎盘早剥", "D": "脐带脱垂"}, "answer": "先兆子宫破裂", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.蛋白质合成的启动和肽链延长都需要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯霉素", "B": "GTP酶", "C": "转肽酶", "D": "链霉素"}, "answer": "GTP酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是槟榔肝镜下的显著病变?(  )", "options": {"A": "中央静脉及血窦扩张充血、肝细胞萎缩及脂肪变性", "B": "肝小叶中央结构破坏", "C": "肝细胞萎缩", "D": "小叶中央静脉扩张充血"}, "answer": "中央静脉及血窦扩张充血、肝细胞萎缩及脂肪变性", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医患关系的重要性不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "提高病人依从性", "B": "有利于医患关系模式转变为共同参与型", "C": "提高病人的社交能力", "D": "本身就是一种治疗手段"}, "answer": "提高病人的社交能力", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "外科病人最易发生的水钠代谢紊乱是(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性缺水", "B": "等渗性缺水", "C": "高渗性缺水", "D": "水过多"}, "answer": "等渗性缺水", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某患者,竞争意识强,总想胜过他人;老觉得时间不够用,说话快、走路快;脾气暴躁,容易激动,常与他人的意见不一致。其行为类型属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "A型行为", "B": "B型行为", "C": "C型行为", "D": "E型行为"}, "answer": "A型行为", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下面关于T细胞阴性选择的叙述哪项是正确的(  )。", "options": {"A": "能够与自身抗原-MHC分子复合物高亲和力结合的未成熟T细胞发生凋亡而被清除", "B": "不能够与自身抗原-MHC分子复合物高亲和力结合的未成熟T细胞发生凋亡而被清除", "C": "经过阴性选择使T细胞获得自身MHC限制性", "D": "细胞阴性选择机制障碍,增加患肿瘤的概率"}, "answer": "能够与自身抗原-MHC分子复合物高亲和力结合的未成熟T细胞发生凋亡而被清除", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,12岁。持续发热1周。体温39℃左右,伴畏寒,无寒战,伴有全身不适、乏力,食欲差,病情逐渐加重并出现红疹1天来诊。查体:躯干部出现少许淡红色小斑丘疹,压之褪色。初步考虑诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹", "B": "天花", "C": "伤寒", "D": "猩红热"}, "answer": "伤寒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,l9岁,分裂样精神病,对医生说:“我肚子里总有一男子说话声,我做什么事,他总说‘你太懒了,这事做烂了。”’此症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "错觉", "B": "真性幻觉", "C": "假性幻觉", "D": "感觉障碍"}, "answer": "假性幻觉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,55岁。左侧腹胀、腹痛,大便不成形,每日3~5次,有脓血。查体:左下腹可扪及包块,边界不清。明确诊断首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "PSA", "B": "CT", "C": "CEA", "D": "直肠指诊、结肠镜"}, "answer": "直肠指诊、结肠镜", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.流行性感冒病毒的常见感染类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性感染", "B": "隐性感染", "C": "潜伏感染", "D": "慢发感染"}, "answer": "急性感染", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.中毒性脑病的脑脊液改变(  )。", "options": {"A": "白细胞5×106/L,淋巴细胞为主,蛋白0.3g/L,糖3.5mmol/L", "B": "白细胞2000×106/L,中性粒细胞为主,蛋白1g/L,糖1.5mmol/L", "C": "白细胞50×106/L,淋巴细胞为主,蛋白0.8g/L,糖3.5mmol/L", "D": "白细胞5×106/L,淋巴细胞为主,蛋白0.3g/L,糖2.5mol/L"}, "answer": "白细胞5×106/L,淋巴细胞为主,蛋白0.3g/L,糖3.5mmol/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某心理医生开始接受一病人进行心理治疗,在开始阶段,以下哪个步骤是不合适的?(  )", "options": {"A": "收集资料", "B": "建立深入的医患关系", "C": "签订心理治疗的合同", "D": "对病人的问题进行评估"}, "answer": "建立深入的医患关系", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,35岁,1周前曾因咳嗽、低热就诊,诊断为上呼吸道感染,近2天来发现颈部疼痛,波及耳颞枕部。查体:甲状腺弥漫性肿大,质硬、压痛,体温38℃。血沉20mm/h,基础代谢率+20%,碘吸收率2小时5%、24/小时20%。甲状腺穿刺可见白细胞浸润和吞有胶体颗粒巨细胞。此患者的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "结节性甲状腺肿", "B": "轻度甲亢", "C": "单纯性甲状腺肿", "D": "亚急性甲状腺炎"}, "answer": "亚急性甲状腺炎", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "根据韦氏智力测验结果,个体智商大于多少叫极优秀,智商小于多少为智力缺损(  )。", "options": {"A": "120,70", "B": "120,54", "C": "130,84", "D": "130,70"}, "answer": "130,70", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "镰刀形贫血是因为血红蛋白β链基因上哪一种突变引起的?(  )", "options": {"A": "点突变", "B": "缺失", "C": "插入", "D": "移码突变"}, "answer": "点突变", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "感染性休克手术治疗时机是(  )。", "options": {"A": "即刻手术", "B": "短期抗休克治疗后", "C": "感染灶局限化以后", "D": "感染灶即将破溃前"}, "answer": "短期抗休克治疗后", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿腹泻4天,中度脱水。经2天补液后脱水基本纠正,但仍肢软,心音稍钝,进食甚少。在整个补液治疗过程中对补钾按下列方案进行,但哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "静脉钾盐点滴浓度不超过0.3%", "B": "治疗时注意到给钾前6小时曾排尿", "C": "滴注时间不少于6~8小时", "D": "脱水纠正后第二天停止补钾"}, "answer": "脱水纠正后第二天停止补钾", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.膝关节骨关节病发生关节积液的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "透明软骨的退行性变", "B": "骨质增生", "C": "滑膜炎症", "D": "软骨下骨萎缩"}, "answer": "滑膜炎症", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.参与氨基酸脱羧基作用(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素B6", "B": "维生素B2", "C": "维生素B12", "D": "生物素"}, "answer": "维生素B6", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "老年患者外伤后致桡骨下端骨折。骨折对位对线良好,并有嵌插,该患者应选择哪项治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "无须治疗", "B": "牵引治疗", "C": "复位内固定", "D": "夹板固定或石膏固定"}, "answer": "夹板固定或石膏固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在同种异型抗原间接识别过程中,受者T细胞识别的抗原(  )。", "options": {"A": "供者APC上的MHC分子", "B": "受者APC上的MHC分子", "C": "受者APC提呈来源于供者MHC的抗原肽", "D": "供者APC提呈来源于供者MHC的抗原肽"}, "answer": "受者APC提呈来源于供者MHC的抗原肽", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有关术前准备,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医护人员向病人及家属介绍病情及治疗方案", "B": "练习正确的咳嗽、咳痰方式", "C": "提前2周戒烟", "D": "提前3周预防性应用抗生素"}, "answer": "提前3周预防性应用抗生素", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,65岁。摔伤致右髋关节疼痛,功能障碍,X线片示有股骨颈头下骨皮质连续性中断,Pauwels角60°。该股骨颈骨折属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "不完全骨折", "B": "关节外骨折", "C": "稳定性骨折", "D": "内收骨折"}, "answer": "内收骨折", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.男,1岁。智能落后,表情呆滞,鼻梁低,舌宽大并常伸出口外,皮肤苍黄、粗糙,四肢粗短,腱反射减弱。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "唐氏综合征(21-三体综合征)", "B": "软骨发育不良", "C": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症", "D": "苯丙酮尿症"}, "answer": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "震颤麻痹源于什么部位变性(  )。", "options": {"A": "红核", "B": "黑质细胞", "C": "小脑", "D": "脑干"}, "answer": "黑质细胞", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "28岁,怀孕8个月,突眼、“三多”症状数月,伴有怕热、汗多、体重不增加。体检:血压120/80mmHg,中度贫血面容,甲状腺Ⅰ°肿大,心率:92次/分,下肢无浮肿。化验:空腹血糖16.7mmol/L,尿糖(+++)尿蛋白(+++),血T3为400ng/dl(正常80~200mg/dl)。其恰当的诊断应该是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲亢并糖代谢紊乱", "B": "糖尿病,甲亢", "C": "糖尿病,甲亢妊娠并肾小球硬化症", "D": "糖尿病,妊娠中毒症"}, "answer": "糖尿病,甲亢妊娠并肾小球硬化症", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "重组体的筛选方法,不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗药性选择", "B": "标志补救", "C": "分子杂交法", "D": "盐析法"}, "answer": "盐析法", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.化脓性脑膜炎的治疗原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "止惊-补钙-补维生素D", "B": "补充维生素D+钙剂", "C": "止惊-抗感染-降颅内压", "D": "止惊-退热-对症"}, "answer": "止惊-抗感染-降颅内压", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女孩,6个月,1998年7月,因吐泻3天入院。大便10~15次/日,呈蛋花汤样,有腥臭味,尿量极少,前囟、眼窝凹陷,皮肤弹性极差,脉细弱,四肢厥冷,大便偶见白细胞,血清钠125mmol/L。2.最可能的病原菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "B": "产毒大肠杆菌", "C": "耶尔森菌", "D": "轮状病毒"}, "answer": "产毒大肠杆菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "根据马斯洛的需要层次理论,人的最高需要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "自我实现", "B": "尊重", "C": "安全", "D": "生理"}, "answer": "自我实现", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "原位癌是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "异型增生细胞累及全层,突破基膜", "B": "异型细胞累及上皮层的下1/3", "C": "异型细胞累及上皮层的下2/3", "D": "异型细胞累及上皮全层,未突破基膜"}, "answer": "异型细胞累及上皮全层,未突破基膜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对乙肝病毒感染具有保护作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗HBe", "B": "抗HBs", "C": "DNA聚合酶", "D": "抗HBC"}, "answer": "抗HBs", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.子宫内膜增生症(  )。", "options": {"A": "萎缩", "B": "增生", "C": "化生", "D": "变性"}, "answer": "增生", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "化脓性脑膜炎的病理改变,以软脑膜、蛛网膜和表层脑组织为主的炎症反应,一般不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "广泛的血管充血", "B": "大量嗜酸性粒细胞侵润", "C": "纤维蛋白渗出", "D": "闭塞性小血管炎"}, "answer": "大量嗜酸性粒细胞侵润", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,32岁。深Ⅱ度烧伤面积10%,Ⅲ度烧伤面积30%,伤后注射止痛针后转院治疗,途中1h。入院体检:血压70/40mmHg(9.33/5.33kPa),脉搏130次/min。3.若病人经3天治疗后情况逐渐稳定,下一步要考虑的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "创面湿敷使焦痂软化脱落", "B": "有计划安排分期切除焦痂及削痂,植异体皮嵌入自体皮", "C": "立即一次切除全部焦痂及削去所有深Ⅱ度坏死组织,植自体皮", "D": "尽一切努力保护焦痂及痂皮,等待蚕食脱落并植自体皮"}, "answer": "有计划安排分期切除焦痂及削痂,植异体皮嵌入自体皮", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,24岁,病程6年,说有人要害她,常自笑,好追求异性,有时打人摔东西,话多内容凌乱。精神检查:意识清晰,兴奋多语,思维松弛,欣快,主动接触异性,有被害妄想及非系统性妄想,活动增多而无目的性。躯体及神经系统检查未见异常。该病人诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "人格障碍", "C": "脑器质性精神障碍", "D": "情感障碍(躁狂型)"}, "answer": "精神分裂症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "治疗TMP所致巨幼红细胞性贫血时,宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服叶酸", "B": "肌注叶酸", "C": "肌注甲酰四氢叶酸钙", "D": "肌注维生素B12"}, "answer": "肌注甲酰四氢叶酸钙", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4岁患儿,明显浮肿,血压12/8kPa,尿蛋白(+++),尿红细胞0~2/HP,血浆白蛋白22g/L。2.如果此患儿化验检查有持续性氮质血症,可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgA肾病", "B": "单纯型肾病", "C": "肾炎型肾病", "D": "急性肾炎"}, "answer": "肾炎型肾病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.颅骨软化多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "3~6个月", "B": "6个月以上,", "C": "8~9个月以上", "D": "12个月"}, "answer": "3~6个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,65岁。腹胀伴食欲不振半年余。查体:腹部膨隆,移动性浊音(+)。妇科检查宫颈光滑,盆底可触及多个质硬结带,左侧附件可触及6cm×5cm大小包块,呈囊实性,界限不清。1.下列对该患者鉴别诊断价值最小的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹水查癌细胞", "B": "消化道内镜检查", "C": "血肿瘤标志物检测", "D": "B超检查"}, "answer": "消化道内镜检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医疗事故构成要件的主观方面是(  )。", "options": {"A": "间接故意", "B": "过失", "C": "意外事件", "D": "正当防卫"}, "answer": "过失", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医师注册后,以下哪种情形不需要吊销注册?(  )", "options": {"A": "死亡的", "B": "受到警告行政处罚的", "C": "被宣告失踪的", "D": "受吊销医师执业证书行政处罚的"}, "answer": "受到警告行政处罚的", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,30岁月经不规律3年,闭经7个月,溢乳2个月,对诊断最有价值的测定项目是(  )。", "options": {"A": "孕激素", "B": "雄激素", "C": "泌乳素", "D": "雌激素"}, "answer": "泌乳素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,75岁,间断咳嗽,咳痰12年,加重伴气短2天就诊。吸烟40余年,每天约1包。胸部X线片示双肺纹理粗乱。动脉血气示pH 7.34,PaCO2 48mmHg,PaO2 55mmHg。该患者氧疗的最佳方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "持续低流量吸氧", "B": "无重复呼吸面罩吸氧", "C": "气管插管、机械通气", "D": "无创通气"}, "answer": "持续低流量吸氧", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.预防伤寒用(  )。", "options": {"A": "活疫菌", "B": "死疫菌", "C": "类毒素", "D": "转移因子"}, "answer": "死疫菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "FAB分型中,巨核细胞白血病的分型属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "AML-M2", "B": "AML-M3", "C": "AML-M7", "D": "AML-M4"}, "answer": "AML-M7", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "典型溃疡性结肠炎患者粪便的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "黏液便", "B": "蛋花样便", "C": "糊状便", "D": "黏液脓血便"}, "answer": "黏液脓血便", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.治疗肥厚性心肌病主要选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "尼莫地平", "B": "硝苯地平", "C": "维拉帕米", "D": "奎尼丁"}, "answer": "维拉帕米", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "病人将一盏吊灯看成是一个牛头悬挂在那里是(  )。", "options": {"A": "错觉", "B": "空间知觉障碍", "C": "妄想", "D": "非真实感"}, "answer": "错觉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,48岁。呕血5小时入院。查体:P 120次/分,BP 80/55mmHg。神志不清,营养状况差。巩膜明显黄染,腹壁可见静脉曲张,肝肋下可触及,质地坚硬,边缘较钝,脾肋下6cm,移动性浊音阳性,肠鸣音弱。2.首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部X线片", "B": "腹部B型超声", "C": "上消化道钡餐造影", "D": "腹腔动脉造影"}, "answer": "腹部B型超声", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,1岁,发热3天,流涕、咳嗽,咽部及眼结膜充血,在下眼睑边缘见Stimson线,口腔黏膜充血,既往未接种麻疹疫苗,该患儿诊断为麻疹,属麻疹病程哪一期?(  )", "options": {"A": "卡他期", "B": "前驱期", "C": "出疹期", "D": "恢复期"}, "answer": "前驱期", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "前置胎盘时阴道流血特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有痛性阴道流血", "B": "宫缩时阴道流血停止", "C": "阴道流血与外伤有关", "D": "无痛性阴道流血"}, "answer": "无痛性阴道流血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "风湿热最常见的皮肤表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "荨麻疹", "B": "结节性红斑", "C": "多形红斑", "D": "皮下小结"}, "answer": "皮下小结", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "腺垂体功能减退症常先出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "溢乳、闭经", "B": "皮肤色素沉着", "C": "继发性糖尿病", "D": "产后无乳汁,长期闭经不育"}, "answer": "产后无乳汁,长期闭经不育", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.行为疗法(  )。", "options": {"A": "Rogers(罗杰斯)", "B": "Skinner(斯金纳)", "C": "IvanPavlov(巴甫洛夫)", "D": "A.T.Beck(贝克)"}, "answer": "Skinner(斯金纳)", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "目前最常用的评价肾小球滤过率的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血尿酸", "B": "菊粉清除率", "C": "血肌酐", "D": "血尿素"}, "answer": "菊粉清除率", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "病人坚持不在床上睡,因为他感到床在运动,实际上床是静止的,此症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "妄想", "B": "感觉倒错", "C": "非真实感", "D": "幻觉"}, "answer": "幻觉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,男,6个月,因阵发性面色青紫伴喉鸣1天来诊。无发热,不咳嗽。体检:体温36.8℃,神志清,精神好,呼吸平稳,吸气时偶闻喉鸣音,咽不充血,心脏检查无异常,两肺闻及鼾音。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性喉炎", "B": "先天性喉喘鸣", "C": "婴儿手足搐搦症,喉痉挛", "D": "气管异物"}, "answer": "婴儿手足搐搦症,喉痉挛", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,62岁。反复咳嗽、痰中带血伴低热1月余。查体:气管向左移位,左肺可闻及细湿啰音。为明确诊断,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核抗体检测", "B": "胸部X线片", "C": "支气管镜", "D": "痰结核分枝杆菌培养"}, "answer": "胸部X线片", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.伤口下见到骨折线是(  )。", "options": {"A": "开放性骨折", "B": "闭合性骨折", "C": "闭合性脑损伤", "D": "开放性脑损伤"}, "answer": "开放性骨折", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "应设置单独的输血科 (血库),负责临床用血的技术指导,确保贮血、配血和科学、合理用血的医院是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一级以上", "B": "二级以上", "C": "二级甲等以上", "D": "三级甲等以上"}, "answer": "二级以上", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,24岁,足月妊娠临产10小时,孕妇烦躁不安,疼痛喊叫,肠胀气。检查发现宫缩间歇期不放松,子宫长度34cm,腹围100cm,枕左前位,胎心156次/min,宫口扩张1cm,胎头S-2。3.应首选的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人工破膜", "B": "肥皂水灌肠", "C": "肌注哌替啶", "D": "静脉滴注缩宫素"}, "answer": "肌注哌替啶", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "为了减少病人含氮代谢废物的产生和维持氮的总平衡,合适的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尽量减少蛋白质的供应量", "B": "摄取低蛋白高糖饮食", "C": "只供给充足的糖", "D": "低蛋白、低糖、低脂肪食物"}, "answer": "摄取低蛋白高糖饮食", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,23岁。妊娠28周,尿糖阳性,OGTT空腹血糖正常,餐后1小时血糖升高。应该首先给予的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "加强营养", "B": "控制饮食", "C": "口服降糖药物", "D": "观察"}, "answer": "控制饮食", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2岁的男婴,近4日来发热38~39℃,烦躁不安,精神不振,喷射性呕吐,2或3次/日。查体:精神委靡,目光凝视,心音纯正、有力,呼吸粗糙,双扁桃体Ⅱ°充血,肝、脾不大,颈轻度抵抗,克氏征(++),巴氏征(+)。为确诊首先应做何种检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "血细胞计数和分类", "B": "腰穿检查脑脊液", "C": "结核菌素试验", "D": "头颅CT"}, "answer": "腰穿检查脑脊液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5.是第一信使(  )。", "options": {"A": "cAMP", "B": "cGMP", "C": "磷脂酰丝氨酸", "D": "IP3"}, "answer": "磷脂酰丝氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,27岁。产后第4天,出现寒战、高热、腰痛,尿白细胞30/HP,尿蛋白(+),尿痛,下腹痛,肾区叩击痛,耻骨上压痛(+),血象WBC 18×109/L。2.以下处理正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应先观察体温热型,查出病后再做处理", "B": "治疗应在取尿标本送检后立即进行", "C": "首先运用广谱抗生素", "D": "抗生素治疗时少饮水"}, "answer": "治疗应在取尿标本送检后立即进行", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,46岁。消瘦、乏力、头晕、食欲减退3年,近5个月早晨有时出现精神症状,进食后缓解。查体:查体:BP 80/60mmHg,皮肤色素沉着,心率60次/分,血糖2.7mmol/L,血钠124mmol/L,血钾5.2mmol/L。最可能的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性慢性肾上腺皮质功能减退症", "B": "胰岛素瘤", "C": "营养不良", "D": "自主神经功能紊乱"}, "answer": "原发性慢性肾上腺皮质功能减退症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "长期食用甲基汞的人群易得哪种疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "痛痛病", "B": "水俣病", "C": "霍乱", "D": "伤寒"}, "answer": "水俣病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "32岁女性,原发不孕。痛经5年逐渐加重,经期1~2天开始下腹、腰痛,经后渐消。查体:子宫大小正常,后倾不活动,双侧附件均可及直径5~6cm之囊实性包块,欠活动,双骶韧带串珠状痛性结节。应考虑下述何种诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核性盆腔炎", "B": "盆腔子宫内膜异位症", "C": "双侧输卵管卵巢囊肿", "D": "卵巢癌"}, "answer": "盆腔子宫内膜异位症", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.防止心房颤动患者血栓形成的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "环丙沙星", "B": "阿托品", "C": "华法林", "D": "阿司匹林"}, "answer": "华法林", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "结核病的细胞免疫中,起主要作用的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "T淋巴细胞", "B": "B淋巴细胞", "C": "中性粒细胞", "D": "嗜酸粒细胞"}, "answer": "T淋巴细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有关钙拮抗药对心肌的作用不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "负性肌力作用", "B": "负性频率作用", "C": "增加心肌耗氧量", "D": "保护缺血心肌"}, "answer": "增加心肌耗氧量", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "21岁男大学生,白天参加运动会长跑比赛,晚饱餐后入睡,翌日晨起见四肢瘫痪,查血清钾降低,心电图出现U波,ST段下移,可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓出血", "B": "急性炎症性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病", "C": "低钾性周期性瘫痪", "D": "急性脊髓炎"}, "answer": "低钾性周期性瘫痪", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于骨髓的叙述,下列哪项是错误的(  )。", "options": {"A": "造血", "B": "T细胞分化成熟场所", "C": "B细胞分化成熟场所", "D": "各类免疫细胞发生场所"}, "answer": "T细胞分化成熟场所", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "甲状腺癌的常见病理类型,不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳头状腺癌", "B": "未分化癌", "C": "鳞癌", "D": "髓样癌"}, "answer": "鳞癌", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩9岁,气喘半日,每年春秋季发病,体温36.5℃,两肺有普遍哮鸣音,白细胞7.6×10g/L,中性0.76,诊断可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "喘息性支气管炎", "B": "支气管哮喘", "C": "过敏性肺炎", "D": "急性支气管炎"}, "answer": "支气管哮喘", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "导致肠道菌群失调最主要的诱因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "粘膜面损伤", "B": "抗生素的滥用", "C": "细菌寄居部位的改变", "D": "免疫抑制剂的应用"}, "answer": "抗生素的滥用", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列化学键维系蛋白质分子二级结构的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "离子键", "B": "二硫键", "C": "疏水键", "D": "氢键"}, "answer": "氢键", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿5岁,因发热4天,伴咽痛、头痛、呕吐并出现不能站立行走来诊。体检T38℃,神志清,心肺无异常,左下肢肌力1级,膝、跟腱反射未引出,病理反射阴性,双下肢痛觉存在。2.为确诊应做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血常规", "B": "脑脊液", "C": "血pH及血钾", "D": "粪、脑脊液病毒分离"}, "answer": "粪、脑脊液病毒分离", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "甲亢患者胫前黏液性水肿的特异性组织学表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖蛋白及酸性糖胺聚糖沉积", "B": "纤维组织增生", "C": "线粒体增多", "D": "脂肪浸润"}, "answer": "糖蛋白及酸性糖胺聚糖沉积", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,55岁。有慢性乙肝史10年,近4个月来右上腹隐痛、乏力、食欲减退,体重下降就诊。体检:皮肤无黄染,右上腹肝区有轻度叩痛,肝脾不大,B超显示肝右叶有一2cm×3cm×4cm圆形低密度病灶。2.该患者甲胎蛋白测定为阴性,为与肝血管瘤相鉴别,应首选下列哪项措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "手术探查", "B": "癌胚抗原测定", "C": "定期B超复查", "D": "核素血池扫描"}, "answer": "定期B超复查", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一女性,55岁,丧偶8年,现独居,嗜烟酒,不爱运动。平时性情抑郁,过分容忍,办事无主见,常顺从于别人。1月前行胃癌切除,术中及术后情绪低落,兴趣下降,独自流泪,有轻生之念。2.病人术后的情绪反应属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "恐惧", "B": "抑郁", "C": "痛苦", "D": "内疚"}, "answer": "抑郁", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,35岁。近5年来间断头痛,每月发作1~2次,MRI示左顶枕脑内蜂窝样血管流空影,呈楔形。1.患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑动静脉畸形", "B": "动脉瘤", "C": "脑梗死", "D": "脑先天发育畸形"}, "answer": "脑动静脉畸形", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪种症状有助于抑郁发作的诊断?(  )", "options": {"A": "智能障碍", "B": "晨重暮轻", "C": "晨轻暮重", "D": "意识障碍"}, "answer": "晨重暮轻", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.白细胞和血小板降低(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿溶血症", "B": "营养性缺铁性贫血", "C": "营养性巨幼细胞性贫血", "D": "雅克什贫血"}, "answer": "营养性巨幼细胞性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一位来访者单位的同事,要求了解当事人心理治疗的情况,心理治疗师婉言谢绝,这是因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "出于对来访者的尊重", "B": "保持客观中立的立场", "C": "心理治疗的关系限定原则", "D": "心理治疗的保密原则"}, "answer": "心理治疗的保密原则", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,50岁。恶心伴乏力、少尿6小时,呕吐量大,无口渴。2年前有腹部手术史。此时患者最可能出现的水电解质平衡紊乱是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高渗性缺水", "B": "稀释性低钠血症", "C": "等渗性缺水", "D": "高钾血症"}, "answer": "等渗性缺水", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.癫痫持续状态的首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "地西泮", "B": "扑米酮", "C": "丙戊酸钠", "D": "苯巴比妥"}, "answer": "地西泮", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列因素与决定女性乳癌患者预后关系最密切的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发肿瘤大小", "B": "肿瘤所处的象限", "C": "手术范围", "D": "腋窝有无淋巴结转移及数量"}, "answer": "腋窝有无淋巴结转移及数量", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.肾上腺素能神经兴奋时,其末梢释放的递质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "去甲肾上腺素", "B": "多巴胺", "C": "组胺", "D": "乙酰胆碱"}, "answer": "去甲肾上腺素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "当神经冲动到达运动神经末梢时,可引起接头前膜的(  )。", "options": {"A": "Na+通道关闭", "B": "Ca2+通道开放", "C": "K+通道开放", "D": "Cl—通道开放"}, "answer": "Ca2+通道开放", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,45岁。突发持续性中上腹痛,阵发加重2小时。疼痛向背部放射,频繁呕吐。查体:腹肌紧张,全腹明显压痛和反跳痛,移动性浊音阳性。血WBC 15×109/L,ECG示心房颤动。为进一步确诊,最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "诊断性腹腔穿刺", "B": "B超", "C": "腹部X线片", "D": "尿三胆"}, "answer": "诊断性腹腔穿刺", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "知识的内容遗忘最快发生在记忆后的(  )。", "options": {"A": "第1天", "B": "第2天", "C": "第3天", "D": "第4天"}, "answer": "第1天", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "以下关于转诊的理解不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "如患者坚持转诊,而医疗机构认为不宜,患者应签署转诊申请书", "B": "医疗条件不足,医疗机构必须积极履行转诊义务", "C": "如医疗机构对危重患者缺乏治疗条件,不必作任何处理而应立即转诊", "D": "患者要求转诊,不需要医疗机构负责人批准"}, "answer": "如医疗机构对危重患者缺乏治疗条件,不必作任何处理而应立即转诊", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性骨髓炎转为慢性骨髓炎的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌毒力过于强大", "B": "治疗不及时和不恰当", "C": "局部血运不好", "D": "肢体活动过早"}, "answer": "治疗不及时和不恰当", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.骨肉瘤的典型X线表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "葱皮样骨膜反应", "B": "骨质破坏,死骨形成", "C": "日光放射状骨膜反应", "D": "肥皂泡样骨质反应"}, "answer": "日光放射状骨膜反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.典型的食管癌症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "进行性吞咽困难", "B": "进餐后上腹痛,至下一餐前缓解", "C": "不洁饮食后上腹痛,伴呕吐、腹泻", "D": "反酸、烧心伴胸骨后烧灼样痛"}, "answer": "进行性吞咽困难", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "骨髓液吸取时,正确是的操作是(  )。", "options": {"A": "用力适当,不可过猛", "B": "若未能吸出骨髓液,应拔出穿刺针", "C": "用于细胞检查的骨髓液应为0.3~0.5ml", "D": "骨髓液吸出后,在玻片上混匀后再推片"}, "answer": "用力适当,不可过猛", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "进行膳食调查的主要目的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "了解有无膳食缺乏症", "B": "了解膳食组成及营养素摄取情况", "C": "了解机体生长发育情况", "D": "了解体内的营养素水平"}, "answer": "了解膳食组成及营养素摄取情况", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.中度低渗性脱水(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清钠为125mmol/L,失水量为体重的8%", "B": "血清钠为131mmol/L,失水量为体重的5%", "C": "血清钠为119mmol/L失水量为体重的11%", "D": "血清钠为155mmol/L,失水量为体重的6%"}, "answer": "血清钠为125mmol/L,失水量为体重的8%", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.女,2岁。智能落后,表情呆滞,眼距宽,眼裂小,鼻梁低,口半张,舌伸出口外,皮肤细嫩,肌张力低下,右侧通贯手。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "唐氏综合征(21-三体综合征)", "B": "软骨发育不良", "C": "佝偻病", "D": "苯丙酮尿症"}, "answer": "唐氏综合征(21-三体综合征)", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不易发生气体栓塞的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部外伤和手术", "B": "颈部外伤和手术", "C": "锁骨下静脉外伤", "D": "大隐静脉插管输液"}, "answer": "大隐静脉插管输液", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,65岁。急性前壁心肌梗死3小时。既往有高血压、糖尿病病史。平时血压140~150/70~80mmHg。查体:BP 90/70mmHg,双肺呼吸音清,心率85次/分,律齐。该患者血压降低的最可能原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动脉壁硬化", "B": "大动脉弹性降低", "C": "心脏每搏输出量降低", "D": "外周阻力降低"}, "answer": "心脏每搏输出量降低", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是一碳单位代谢的辅酶?(  )", "options": {"A": "叶酸", "B": "二氢叶酸", "C": "四氢叶酸", "D": "NADPH"}, "answer": "四氢叶酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女性,41岁,已行乳腺癌改良根治术,原发肿物大小约2cm×1cm,腋窝淋巴结可见癌转移1/19,未发现远处脏器转移,雌孕激素受体为阴性。1.其分期应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "T1N0M0", "B": "T2N0M0", "C": "T1N1M0", "D": "T1N2M0"}, "answer": "T1N1M0", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "手术后早期出现恶心、呕吐常因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "低血钾", "B": "麻醉反应", "C": "颅内压增高", "D": "术后腹胀"}, "answer": "麻醉反应", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项为有机磷中毒出现毒蕈碱样症状的主要机制?(  )", "options": {"A": "腺体分泌减退、平滑肌痉挛", "B": "腺体分泌亢进、运动神经兴奋", "C": "腺体分泌亢进、平滑肌痉挛", "D": "运动神经兴奋、平滑肌痉挛"}, "answer": "腺体分泌亢进、平滑肌痉挛", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "最不可能出现右心室肥大的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "小型室间隔缺损", "C": "艾森曼格综合征", "D": "法洛四联症"}, "answer": "小型室间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "易侵犯中枢神经系统的白血病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性粒细胞白血病", "B": "急性单核细胞白血病", "C": "急性淋巴细胞白血病", "D": "慢性粒细胞白血病"}, "answer": "急性淋巴细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.可用于治疗阿米巴肝脓肿的药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯喹", "B": "奎宁", "C": "伯氨喹", "D": "乙胺嘧啶"}, "answer": "氯喹", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "未经医师(士)亲自诊查患者或亲自接产,医疗机构不得出具某些证明文件,但可以出具(  )。", "options": {"A": "疾病诊断书", "B": "死产报告书", "C": "死亡证明书", "D": "医疗纠纷分析书面证言"}, "answer": "医疗纠纷分析书面证言", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,36岁。反复腹泻3年,间有脓血便,粪培养阴性,多种抗生素治疗无效。为明确诊断,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线胃肠钡餐检查", "B": "钡剂灌肠造影", "C": "结肠镜检查", "D": "MRI"}, "answer": "结肠镜检查", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "硫脲类抗甲状腺药引起的严重不良反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "再生障碍性贫血", "B": "低蛋白血症", "C": "心动过速", "D": "粒细胞缺乏症"}, "answer": "粒细胞缺乏症", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.一孕妇妊娠34周,孕期经过顺利。今晨起床后发现阴道流血如月经量,无腹部疼痛,胎动好。来院检查子宫大小符合孕周,无宫缩,胎位左骶前,先露浮,胎心正常。可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎盘早剥", "B": "前置胎盘", "C": "先兆早产", "D": "妊娠合并阑尾炎"}, "answer": "前置胎盘", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.慢性肾盂肾炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "颗粒性固缩肾", "B": "肾盂变形", "C": "肾囊肿形成", "D": "肾梗死性瘢痕形成"}, "answer": "肾盂变形", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "幽门梗阻引起反复呕吐,最可能引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "低氯低钾酸中毒", "B": "高钾酸中毒", "C": "低氯低钾碱中毒", "D": "低氯高钠碱中毒"}, "answer": "低氯低钾碱中毒", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "确诊胃溃疡的首选检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃镜及胃粘膜活组织检查", "B": "24小时食管pH监测", "C": "幽门螺杆菌检测", "D": "胃液分析"}, "answer": "胃镜及胃粘膜活组织检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一肺炎患儿,查体发现前囟闭合,出牙齿19个,体重12kg,其年龄可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "6个月", "B": "1岁", "C": "2岁", "D": "2.5岁"}, "answer": "2岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.主要为记忆障碍,定向障碍,虚构(  )。", "options": {"A": "依赖综合征", "B": "戒断综合征", "C": "脑震荡后综合征", "D": "Korsakoff综合征"}, "answer": "Korsakoff综合征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "磺胺药抑菌机制不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "增加二氢叶酸合成酶活性", "B": "磺胺药属酶的竞争性抑制剂", "C": "磺胺药与对氨基苯甲酸具有类似结构", "D": "药物可致四氢叶酸合成障碍"}, "answer": "增加二氢叶酸合成酶活性", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,40岁。查体发现“心动过缓”20余年,平时心率45~55次/min。无心悸,无头晕和乏力,无黑矇和晕厥,运动后心率可达90次/min,该患者最适宜的处置是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服胺碘酮", "B": "暂不治疗,定期随诊", "C": "口服阿托品", "D": "静脉注射异丙肾上腺素"}, "answer": "暂不治疗,定期随诊", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.主要参与血浆胶体渗透压形成的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Na+", "B": "K+", "C": "Ca2+", "D": "白蛋白"}, "answer": "白蛋白", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在机体防御化脓性细菌入侵时起主要作用的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中性粒细胞", "B": "嗜碱性粒细胞", "C": "单核细胞", "D": "淋巴细胞"}, "answer": "中性粒细胞", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿1岁半,4天来发热,流涕,咳嗽,今晨发现前额及耳后有浅红色斑丘疹,两眼泪汪汪,眼结膜充血,口腔黏膜红,精神不振,肺呼吸音粗。其诊断最大可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "风疹", "B": "猩红热", "C": "麻疹", "D": "肠道病毒感染"}, "answer": "麻疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项不属于闭合性骨折切开复位内固定的适应症?(  )。", "options": {"A": "关节内骨折,手法复位失败", "B": "关节内骨折,手法复位对位不好", "C": "并发主要神经损伤", "D": "未达到解剖复位"}, "answer": "未达到解剖复位", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,75岁。胸痛5小时。心电图示V1~V5导联ST段抬高0.5mV。1.对明确诊断最有价值的实验室检查指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血脂分析", "B": "肝肾功能", "C": "血常规", "D": "血肌钙蛋白"}, "answer": "血肌钙蛋白", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某学者为探讨某药物对某病的疗效,选取了120例该病患者,随机分为服用该药的治疗组和使用标准疗法的对照组,随访观察时,观察者与患者均不知道两组接受的措施,一个月后,观察疗效,结果治疗组60名患者中有40人有效,对照组60名中有20人有效,经统计学检查,两组差异具有统计学意义。3.该研究采用的盲法为(  )。", "options": {"A": "没有盲法", "B": "双盲", "C": "随机盲法", "D": "单盲"}, "answer": "双盲", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医学伦理学中尊重原则所涵盖的权利不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "自主选择权", "B": "社会免责权", "C": "知情同意权", "D": "人格尊严权"}, "answer": "社会免责权", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在280nm波长附近具有最大光吸收峰的氨基酸是(  )。", "options": {"A": "色氨酸", "B": "精氨酸", "C": "天冬氨酸", "D": "苯丙氨酸"}, "answer": "色氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.蜂窝织炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "疏松结缔组织的弥漫性化脓性炎", "B": "黏膜的浆液渗出", "C": "体腔内蓄积大量的脓液", "D": "急性细菌性痢疾的结肠病变"}, "answer": "疏松结缔组织的弥漫性化脓性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "慢性病自我管理的三大特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医疗和行为管理、情绪管理、时间管理", "B": "医疗和行为管理、情绪管理、角色管理", "C": "费用管理、情绪管理、时间管理", "D": "医疗和行为管理、情绪管理、费用管理"}, "answer": "医疗和行为管理、情绪管理、角色管理", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "糖原的1个葡萄糖残基无氧酵解时,净生成ATP的数目是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1个", "B": "2个", "C": "3个", "D": "5个"}, "answer": "3个", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "苯丙酮尿症患者缺陷的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "酪氨酸酶", "B": "苯丙氨酸羟化酶", "C": "酪氨酸羟化酶", "D": "多巴脱羧酶"}, "answer": "苯丙氨酸羟化酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.造成膜对Na+通透性突然增大的临界电位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动作电位", "B": "阈电位", "C": "局部电位", "D": "后电位"}, "answer": "阈电位", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,25岁,急非淋M2型白血病,经DA方案治疗后部分缓解,近日自觉左下肢疼痛,腰椎4~5椎旁压痛(+),直腿抬高试验(+),应如何治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "腰穿脑脊液检查,鞘内注射MTX", "B": "骨科治疗", "C": "大剂量MTX治疗", "D": "放疗"}, "answer": "腰穿脑脊液检查,鞘内注射MTX", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男婴,18个月,阵发性哭闹1天,伴有呕吐,呕吐物内有蛔虫,腹痛时右上腹部可触及一肿块,轻压痛,右髂窝空虚,肠鸣音亢进,大便呈果酱样,蛔虫卵阳性,立位腹部X线平片见数个小液气平面,首先应考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛔虫性肠梗阻", "B": "肠道蛔虫", "C": "肠套叠", "D": "肠肿瘤"}, "answer": "肠套叠", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.p53基因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结构基因", "B": "抑癌基因", "C": "调节基因", "D": "癌基因"}, "answer": "抑癌基因", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初产妇,孕40周,宫口开全1小时30分尚未分娩。产科检查:宫口开全,头先露,枕左横位(LOT),胎头位于坐骨棘水平下3cm,胎膜已破,羊水清,胎心率140次/分,估计胎儿重3200g。本例正确的处理应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "徒手将胎头枕部转向前方,然后阴道分娩", "B": "行剖宫产术", "C": "等待阴道自然分娩", "D": "行产钳助产术"}, "answer": "行产钳助产术", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.多见,恶性程度低,肿瘤多为多中心性的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳头状癌", "B": "滤泡状腺癌", "C": "未分化癌", "D": "甲状腺腺瘤"}, "answer": "乳头状癌", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "脊髓半切损害综合征最常发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊柱结核", "B": "髓外硬脊膜内肿瘤", "C": "硬脊膜外肿瘤", "D": "髓内肿瘤"}, "answer": "髓外硬脊膜内肿瘤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "颅内压增高的典型表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头痛、呕吐、视神经乳头水肿", "B": "昏睡、昏迷", "C": "头晕、猝倒", "D": "头皮静脉怒张"}, "answer": "头痛、呕吐、视神经乳头水肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "6岁,女孩,出生后反复呼吸道感染,平时少活动,体检:无发绀,心前区稍隆起,胸骨左缘第3、4肋间可闻及3/6级粗糙全收缩期杂音,伴震颤,P2亢进。2.哪一项不是该病常出现的合并症?(  )", "options": {"A": "支气管肺炎", "B": "脑血栓", "C": "充血性心力衰竭", "D": "亚急性感染性心内膜炎"}, "answer": "脑血栓", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.ABO抗原(  )。", "options": {"A": "引起Ⅰ型超敏反应", "B": "引起Ⅱ型超敏反应", "C": "引起Ⅲ型超敏反应", "D": "是Ⅰ型超敏反应的介质"}, "answer": "引起Ⅱ型超敏反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "耳鼻喉手术表面麻醉常选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "丁卡因", "B": "普鲁卡因", "C": "利多卡因", "D": "布比卡因"}, "answer": "丁卡因", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "20岁男性患者,胫腓骨开放性粉碎性骨折,伤后4小时入院治疗重点应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胫骨骨折的切开复位内固定", "B": "胫腓骨骨折的切开复位内固定", "C": "清创缝合确保伤口一期愈合", "D": "行跟骨牵引、创面清创不缝合"}, "answer": "清创缝合确保伤口一期愈合", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪种外毒素属于神经毒素?(  )", "options": {"A": "白喉毒素", "B": "肉毒毒素", "C": "红疹毒素", "D": "葡萄球菌毒性休克综合征毒素(TSST-1)"}, "answer": "肉毒毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性炎症中较常见的炎症细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "嗜碱粒细胞", "B": "中性粒细胞", "C": "嗜酸粒细胞", "D": "单核巨噬细胞"}, "answer": "单核巨噬细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪项是测定肺换气效率较好的指标?(  )", "options": {"A": "时间肺活量", "B": "通气与血流比值", "C": "肺通气量", "D": "每分钟肺泡通气量"}, "answer": "通气与血流比值", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一种酶有多个底物时,最适物的Km值(  )。", "options": {"A": "最小", "B": "与其他底物相同", "C": "10-1mmol/L", "D": "10-6mmol/L"}, "answer": "最小", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "O2和CO2进出细胞膜通过(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯扩散", "B": "易化扩散", "C": "继发性主动转运", "D": "出、入胞作用"}, "answer": "单纯扩散", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述情形不属于医疗事故,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "手术开错部位造成较大刨伤", "B": "由于一种疾病合并发生另一种疾病", "C": "因体质特殊发生难以预料的后果", "D": "诊疗护理中违反了规章制度,尚未给病员造成不良影响和损害"}, "answer": "手术开错部位造成较大刨伤", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项为蛛网膜下腔出血最常见的病因?(  )", "options": {"A": "血液病", "B": "高血压", "C": "先天性颅内动脉瘤", "D": "脑血管畸形"}, "answer": "先天性颅内动脉瘤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿腹泻脱水无明显循环障碍时,前8~12小时最合适的补液速度[ml/(kg·h)]是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2~4", "B": "8~10", "C": "11~13", "D": "14~16"}, "answer": "8~10", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "抑郁发作的核心症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑郁心境", "B": "思维迟缓", "C": "音联意联", "D": "意志活动减退"}, "answer": "抑郁心境", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,70岁。反复咳嗽、咳痰25年,心悸、气促、下肢间歇水肿3年,病情加重伴畏寒发热1周入院。体检:体温38℃,呼吸急促,口唇发绀,双肺叩诊过清音,中下肺闻及湿啰音,心率110次/分,心律齐,无杂音,双下肢重度水肿。1.该病例最适当的诊断应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病", "B": "COPD+肺心病", "C": "支气管哮喘", "D": "慢性支气管炎+肺气肿+冠心病"}, "answer": "COPD+肺心病", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医师在执业活动中应当履行法定义务。不属于法定义务的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "遵守职业道德", "B": "参与所在机构的民主管理", "C": "遵守技术操作规范", "D": "尊重患者,保护患者的隐私"}, "answer": "参与所在机构的民主管理", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.PKC可被上述哪一种物质激活?(  )", "options": {"A": "IRS-1", "B": "IP93", "C": "DG", "D": "神经生长因子"}, "answer": "DG", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.上述哪项是对心脏的抑制作用最强的药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "美西律", "B": "维拉帕米", "C": "利多卡因", "D": "强心苷"}, "answer": "维拉帕米", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于长春新碱治疗ITP的说法,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "长春新碱是最常用的免疫抑制剂", "B": "可能有促进血小板生成的作用", "C": "每周只用一次", "D": "静脉注射比静脉滴注效果更佳"}, "answer": "静脉注射比静脉滴注效果更佳", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某年夏季,某县中心小学47名学生相继出现剧烈呕吐、上腹部剧烈疼痛、腹泻等症状,少数患者有低热。调查得知发病学生在当天上午均吃过学校供应的课间餐(外购的奶油蛋糕),未吃者不发病。患者发病的潜伏期最短为1小时,最长为6小时。3.针对这起食物中毒事件,主要的治疗措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用多价抗毒素血清", "B": "服用改变肠道菌群的制剂", "C": "彻底洗胃、灌肠", "D": "静脉补充水、电解质,静脉输注抗生素"}, "answer": "静脉补充水、电解质,静脉输注抗生素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,35岁。淋雨后寒战、发热3天。胸透示右下肺炎。血WBC 12.3×109/L。该患者感染的病原菌最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎链球菌", "B": "结核分枝杆菌", "C": "流感嗜血杆菌", "D": "铜绿假单胞菌"}, "answer": "肺炎链球菌", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "幼儿时期常见的脑电波是(  )。", "options": {"A": "α", "B": "γ", "C": "θ", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "θ", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某33岁女性,一年前产后大出血而导致脑垂体功能不全。根据所学的生理学知识分析下列哪一种激素的分泌不会发生障碍?(  )", "options": {"A": "催乳素", "B": "性激素", "C": "胰岛素", "D": "抗利尿激素"}, "answer": "胰岛素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某校住校学生郑某感到不适,几天后确诊患病毒性肝炎。校保健室初步诊治,便安排其去市医院住院治疗。并未引起注意。过几天后,又有郑某的同学、班主任教师、军训的军官相继发病。保健室负责人及管理学生的干部为此受到学校的严厉批评。2.应当报告疫情者可能承担的法律责任是(  )。", "options": {"A": "行政处分", "B": "注销注册", "C": "吊销执照", "D": "行政罚款"}, "answer": "行政处分", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1岁小儿,以腹泻3日于9月28日入院。3天前无原因出现2次呕吐后,开始腹泻,每日10余次,大便呈黄色蛋花汤样,无腥臭味,每次量多,尿量减少。查体:精神萎靡,前囟和眼窝明显凹陷,皮肤弹性差,四肢温。血常规正常。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒性肠炎", "B": "细菌性肠炎", "C": "霉菌性肠炎", "D": "生理性腹泻"}, "answer": "病毒性肠炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "精神分裂症最突出的感知觉障碍是(  )。", "options": {"A": "言语性幻听", "B": "错觉", "C": "内感性不适", "D": "非真实感"}, "answer": "言语性幻听", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,65岁。持续胸痛4小时。心电图示Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联ST段抬高0.2mV,最可能出现的心律失常是(  )。", "options": {"A": "室性期前收缩", "B": "房室传导阻滞", "C": "阵发性室上性心动过速", "D": "心房颤动"}, "answer": "房室传导阻滞", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.含酪蛋白多,凝块大,难于消化(  )。", "options": {"A": "母乳", "B": "鲜牛奶", "C": "全脂奶粉", "D": "炼乳"}, "answer": "鲜牛奶", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,60岁。确诊为COPD、慢性肺源性心脏病失代偿期。pH 7.43,PaCO2 58mmHg,PaO2 60mmHg,HCO3- 39mmol/L,K+ 2.89mmol/L,Na+ 135mmol/L,Cl+ 86mmol/L。此患者的酸碱失衡类型为(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸性碱中毒", "B": "代谢性酸中毒", "C": "呼吸性碱中毒+代谢性酸中毒", "D": "呼吸性酸中毒+代谢性碱中毒"}, "answer": "呼吸性酸中毒+代谢性碱中毒", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1岁半小儿,乳牙数应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "8~10颗", "B": "12~14颗", "C": "14~16颗", "D": "16~18颗"}, "answer": "12~14颗", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,45岁。腹部撞伤后脐周疼痛2小时,呈持续性,伴恶心,无呕吐,腹痛范围迅速扩大。查体:P 126次/分,BP 146/90mmHg,全腹肌紧张,压痛和反跳痛阳性,肠鸣音消失。准备剖腹探查。手术治疗的原则不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "尽量分离粘连组织", "B": "关腹前用生理盐水反复冲洗腹腔", "C": "留置引流术,保证引流通畅", "D": "术后禁食并胃肠减压"}, "answer": "尽量分离粘连组织", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "与接合有关的细菌结构是(  )。", "options": {"A": "普通菌毛", "B": "性菌毛", "C": "鞭毛", "D": "纤毛"}, "answer": "性菌毛", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,51岁,胸骨后剧烈疼痛4小时,伴大汗淋漓,血压80/40mmHg,心率134次/分,面色苍白,四肢发冷,心电图提示广泛心肌梗死。1.该患者低血压的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血容量不足", "B": "合并右室梗死", "C": "舒张期充盈不足", "D": "心源性休克"}, "answer": "心源性休克", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿营养代谢特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生长发育快,代谢不旺盛", "B": "对蛋白质、水的需要比成人相对小", "C": "胃肠消化功能不成熟", "D": "生长代谢缺陷病大多在较大儿童发病"}, "answer": "胃肠消化功能不成熟", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,40岁。闭经、溢乳半年,磁共振发现垂体1.5cm×1.0cm占位病变,需做激素检查。下列无助于诊断的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "泌乳素", "B": "促肾上腺皮质激素", "C": "血管加压素", "D": "促甲状腺激素"}, "answer": "血管加压素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,28岁。突发剧烈头痛、呕吐5小时。查体:神志清楚,躁动,颈项强直,深反射亢进,克氏征阳性。头颅CT示侧裂池、环池内高密度影。首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硬脑膜下血肿", "B": "脑积水", "C": "蛛网膜下腔出血", "D": "脑炎"}, "answer": "蛛网膜下腔出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,73岁。急性肠梗阻术后5天,未进食但仍感腹胀,恶心未呕吐。有少量肛门排气。查体:腹部均匀隆起,腹软,叩诊呈鼓音、无压痛及反跳痛,肠鸣音减弱。首先采取的重要处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "查血生化并纠正水、电解质紊乱", "B": "胃肠减压", "C": "急诊手术治疗", "D": "高渗盐水灌肠"}, "answer": "查血生化并纠正水、电解质紊乱", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,40岁,体检发现HBsAg阳性5年,近1周来劳累后感乏力、食欲不振,来院检查。1.以下检查对明确诊断意义最大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血浆蛋白系统", "B": "血清AKP、GGT测定", "C": "肝功及乙肝五项指标检查", "D": "腹部B超检查"}, "answer": "肝功及乙肝五项指标检查", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "长期应用糖皮质激素后,突然停药所产生的反跳现象是因为病人(  )。", "options": {"A": "对糖皮质激素产生耐药性", "B": "对糖皮质激素产生了依赖或病情未能完全控制", "C": "肾上腺皮质功能减退", "D": "ACTH分泌减少"}, "answer": "对糖皮质激素产生了依赖或病情未能完全控制", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在同种异型抗原间接识别过程中,受者T细胞识别的抗原(  )。", "options": {"A": "供者APC上的MHC分子", "B": "受者APC上的MHC分子", "C": "供者移植物上的MHC分子", "D": "受者APC提呈来源于供者MHC的抗原肽"}, "answer": "受者APC提呈来源于供者MHC的抗原肽", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "情绪的特点不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "情绪常伴有生理性变化", "B": "情绪的产生有较大的情境性", "C": "是人所特有的", "D": "情绪冲动性较大"}, "answer": "是人所特有的", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为临终关怀的根本目的?(  )", "options": {"A": "节约卫生资源", "B": "提高临终病人的生存质量", "C": "防止病人自杀", "D": "缩短病人的生命时限"}, "answer": "提高临终病人的生存质量", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,38岁,病人自称有特异功能,看到自己身后站着一个人,并且听到这个人表扬自己的声音,这真是“远在天边,近在脑内”。该症状为(  )。", "options": {"A": "幻听", "B": "定向障碍", "C": "真性幻觉", "D": "假性幻觉"}, "answer": "假性幻觉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "导致腱反射亢进的病损部位为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊神经后根", "B": "脊髓后索", "C": "锥体束", "D": "锥体外系"}, "answer": "锥体束", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "骨折晚期并发症不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "关节强直", "B": "缺血性骨坏死", "C": "缺血性肌挛缩", "D": "褥疮"}, "answer": "关节强直", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "病人甲输液中发生反应,经对症处置,症状消失,当天夜里出现心悸、呼吸困难,晨5时死亡。家属认为是医院的责任,拒不从病房移走尸体。第二天上午上班,院方决定请法医钱某做尸检。下午钱某告知院方因紧急会务不能去做,家属也不同意尸检,第三天又请到法医李某,经与家属协商,第四天进行了尸检,李某未能对死因做出解释。使纠纷无法下结论,对这一结果(  )。", "options": {"A": "钱某承担因拖延而迟延尸检,无法下结论的结果", "B": "只能以死因不明定论", "C": "李某承担因未做出解释而无法结论的结果", "D": "家属承担因不同意尸检迟延尸检而无法结论的结果"}, "answer": "家属承担因不同意尸检迟延尸检而无法结论的结果", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "9岁男孩,眼睑浮肿4天,伴头痛,眼花,尿呈深茶色2天入院。2周前曾患扁桃体炎,经用青霉素治愈。5.如果此患儿病情急剧恶化,2~3周后出现进行性肾功能减退,尿毒症,则考虑诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgA肾病", "B": "薄基底膜肾病", "C": "肾炎型肾病综合征", "D": "急进性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "急进性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在大多数传染病的感染过程中最常见的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病原体被清除", "B": "隐性感染", "C": "显性感染", "D": "病原携带感染"}, "answer": "隐性感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.最好选用哪项治疗急性血栓栓塞性疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "甲苯磺丁脲", "B": "肝素", "C": "尿激酶", "D": "华法林"}, "answer": "尿激酶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.乙型肝炎的保护性抗体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗-HBs", "B": "抗-HBc IgM", "C": "抗-HBe", "D": "抗-HBV"}, "answer": "抗-HBs", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某工地工人因外伤致股骨干闭合性骨折,在运往医院途中,应该(  )。", "options": {"A": "置左下肢外展屈曲位", "B": "用木板床运送", "C": "人力牵引置下肢中立位", "D": "将左下肢和右下肢捆扎一起"}, "answer": "将左下肢和右下肢捆扎一起", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "以下心血管疾病中最易引起咯血的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "二尖瓣狭窄", "B": "肺动脉瓣狭窄", "C": "急性心包炎", "D": "主动脉瓣狭窄"}, "answer": "二尖瓣狭窄", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.能判断物质氧化时,有无ATP生成的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "NAD+/NADH", "B": "ADP/ATP", "C": "P/O", "D": "反应系统的自由能变化(△G0)"}, "answer": "P/O", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于急性化脓性骨髓炎,下列哪项是最可靠的查体发现?(  )", "options": {"A": "呼吸急促", "B": "患肢干骺端深压痛", "C": "患肢干骺端肿胀、关节活动受限", "D": "体温高,患部皮温高"}, "answer": "患肢干骺端深压痛", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "6岁男孩,自幼营养欠佳,较瘦小,可见方颅、肋膈沟和O形腿。查:血钙稍低,血磷降低,X线示干骺端临时钙化带呈毛刷样,考虑其确切的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "营养不良", "B": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病", "C": "抗维生素D佝偻病", "D": "软骨营养不良"}, "answer": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肝细胞癌的组织学特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肿瘤细胞弥漫散在", "B": "与肝细胞相似的癌细胞形似团块,其间为血窦", "C": "形成巨细胞", "D": "分泌胆汁"}, "answer": "分泌胆汁", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "单克隆抗体的应用不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "肿瘤的治疗", "B": "血清Cl-含量测定", "C": "激素水平测定", "D": "细胞受体测定"}, "answer": "血清Cl-含量测定", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.梅毒螺旋体感染可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓痨及动脉瘤", "B": "反复发热与缓解", "C": "关节炎及关节畸形", "D": "咽峡炎"}, "answer": "脊髓痨及动脉瘤", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.枕叶(  )。", "options": {"A": "大脑后动脉供血", "B": "大脑中动脉供血", "C": "基底动脉供血", "D": "椎动脉供血"}, "answer": "大脑后动脉供血", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述义务中病人应该经其知情同意后才能合理履行的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "尊重医务人员的劳动", "B": "避免将疾病传播给他人", "C": "遵守住院规章", "D": "支持医学生实习和发展医学"}, "answer": "支持医学生实习和发展医学", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿体重8kg,临床表现重度酸中毒,CO2CP8mmol/L,为使CO2CP提高到13mmol/L,需补1.4%碳酸氢钠液(  )。", "options": {"A": "100ml", "B": "75ml", "C": "140ml", "D": "200ml"}, "answer": "140ml", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下关于病人的义务不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "认真遵守医嘱", "B": "公开自己的经济收入", "C": "及时就医", "D": "早日康复"}, "answer": "公开自己的经济收入", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1岁以内小儿未接种过卡介苗,结核菌素试验呈阳性反应多表示(  )。", "options": {"A": "假阳性反应", "B": "近4周内初次感染结核", "C": "体内有新的感染病灶", "D": "曾经有结核感染"}, "answer": "体内有新的感染病灶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医疗保健机构提供的孕产期保健服务的内容包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "孕产妇保健、新生儿保健", "B": "孕产妇保健、胎儿保健", "C": "胎儿保健、新生儿保健", "D": "孕产妇保健、胎儿保健、新生儿保健、母婴保健指导"}, "answer": "孕产妇保健、胎儿保健、新生儿保健、母婴保健指导", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男孩,10岁,体重超过同性别、同身高体重均值的30%,不准确的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "控制饮食", "B": "药物治疗", "C": "监测体重", "D": "心理辅导"}, "answer": "心理辅导", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.克罗恩病最典型的肠道溃疡形态是(  )。", "options": {"A": "烧瓶样溃疡", "B": "环形溃疡", "C": "多发浅溃疡", "D": "纵行溃疡"}, "answer": "纵行溃疡", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "囊虫寄生于人体的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌肉", "B": "脑", "C": "皮下", "D": "以上都可"}, "answer": "以上都可", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.男,30岁,上呼吸道感染,发热,用以上哪种抗菌药1周后出现尿痛、少尿现象?(  )", "options": {"A": "磺胺嘧啶(SD)", "B": "利福平", "C": "四环素", "D": "乙胺丁醇"}, "answer": "磺胺嘧啶(SD)", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "婴儿,11个月,腕部X线片示骨骺端临时钙化带消失,呈杯口状、毛刷状改变,血清钙1.85mmol/L(7.4mg/dl)、磷1.8mmol/L(5.8mg/dl)、碱性磷酸酶40U(布氏)。下述哪一项不是骨样组织堆积所致?(  )", "options": {"A": "脚镯", "B": "手镯", "C": "肋串珠", "D": "肋膈沟"}, "answer": "肋膈沟", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "先兆子宫破裂与重型胎盘早剥共有的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "剧烈腹痛", "B": "跨耻征阳性", "C": "合并重度妊娠高血压综合征", "D": "出现病理缩复环"}, "answer": "剧烈腹痛", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,26岁。发现高血压1年。查体:双上肢血压180/100mmHg,双下肢血压140/80mmHg,BMI 20,腰围80cm,正力体型。心尖区可闻及2/6级收缩期杂音,肩胛间区可闻及血管杂音,余瓣膜区未闻及杂音。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮质醇增多症", "B": "原发性醛固酮增多症", "C": "主动脉缩窄", "D": "肾动脉狭窄"}, "answer": "主动脉缩窄", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,8岁,因发热、关节肿痛而入院,经检查确定为风湿性关节炎,查体时未发现心脏异常,医生嘱其服用阿司匹林,其总疗程一般为(  )。", "options": {"A": "3~6周", "B": "2~4周", "C": "8~12周", "D": "10~12周"}, "answer": "3~6周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项为甲型肝炎病毒具有的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "黑猩猩和绒猴易感,但不能传代", "B": "是脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)病毒", "C": "在细胞培养中HAV引起细胞病变", "D": "只有一个血清型和一个抗原抗体系统"}, "answer": "只有一个血清型和一个抗原抗体系统", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,16岁。初潮后月经周期紊乱,经期长短不一半年。肛门检查:子宫发育正常,双侧附件未见异常。首选的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B型超声检查", "B": "基础体温测定", "C": "诊断性刮宫", "D": "X线检查"}, "answer": "B型超声检查", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "新生儿期是指从出生断脐至足(  )。", "options": {"A": "7天", "B": "18天", "C": "28天", "D": "30天"}, "answer": "28天", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.胆总管泥沙样结石伴远端狭窄宜选择的术式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "T形管引流术", "B": "肝内胆管空肠吻合术", "C": "胆总管切开,胆总管空肠Y型吻合术", "D": "Oddi括约肌切开成形术"}, "answer": "胆总管切开,胆总管空肠Y型吻合术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医疗保健机构为公民提供的婚前卫生咨询服务的内容有(  )。", "options": {"A": "生育知识的教育", "B": "性卫生知识的教育", "C": "有关婚配、生育保健问题提供医学意见", "D": "性病防治知识的教育"}, "answer": "有关婚配、生育保健问题提供医学意见", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.口服抗原获得局部黏膜免疫,却导致全身性免疫耐受的状态称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "克隆无能", "B": "免疫忽视", "C": "耐受分离", "D": "高带耐受"}, "answer": "耐受分离", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "化脓性脑膜炎合并硬膜下积液,常见的病原茴是(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "B": "大肠埃希菌", "C": "B组溶血性链球菌", "D": "流感嗜血杆菌"}, "answer": "流感嗜血杆菌", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.能提示胎儿肾成熟的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卵磷脂/鞘磷脂比值为2.3", "B": "含脂肪细胞出现率为23%", "C": "淀粉酶值为500U/L", "D": "肌酐值为200μmol/L"}, "answer": "肌酐值为200μmol/L", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素可使心输量增加", "B": "小剂量肾上腺素可引起骨骼肌血管舒张", "C": "去甲肾上腺素可升高血压", "D": "去甲肾上腺素可使心率加快"}, "answer": "去甲肾上腺素可使心率加快", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "较稳定的股骨颈骨折是(  )。", "options": {"A": "外展型", "B": "头下型", "C": "内收型", "D": "颈基底部"}, "answer": "外展型", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,48岁。患慢性肾炎多年。近2个月来恶心、呕吐。体检:血压20/13kPa(150/98mmHg),血红蛋白65g/L,BUN 15mmol/L,Cr 400μmol/L。4.经一般内科保守治疗后症状有改善,但Cr升至800μmol/L,每日尿量减少至300ml。此时应采取的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "继续保守治疗,加强利尿", "B": "立即做肾移植术", "C": "口服氧化淀粉", "D": "透析疗法"}, "answer": "透析疗法", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在实验过程中,给予动物某药物后出现心率减慢,心电图P-R间期延长,该药为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素", "B": "普萘洛尔", "C": "去甲肾上腺素", "D": "酚妥拉明"}, "answer": "普萘洛尔", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列患者不需使用肠外营养的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "短肠综合征", "B": "溃疡性结肠炎长期腹泻", "C": "胆囊造瘘术后", "D": "癌肿化疗致严重呕吐"}, "answer": "胆囊造瘘术后", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "HEV的传播与流行主要是通过(  )。", "options": {"A": "性接触", "B": "日常生活接触", "C": "水源或食物被粪便污染", "D": "垂直传播"}, "answer": "水源或食物被粪便污染", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "炎症的基本病理变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "组织、细胞的变性坏死", "B": "病变组织变质、渗出、增生", "C": "红、肿、热、痛、功能障碍", "D": "周围血液中白细胞增多和炎症区域白细胞浸润"}, "answer": "病变组织变质、渗出、增生", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,55岁。发现肝硬化已10年。4天前与朋友聚餐时出现呕血,鲜红色,量约1000mL。患者出现头晕、心慌、出冷汗等。经输血、补液和应用止血药物治疗后病情好转,血压和心率恢复正常。1天前起出现睡眠障碍,并出现幻听和言语不清。化验检查示:血氨130ug/dl,血糖5.6mmol/L,尿素氮7.2mmol/L。1.患者近1天出现的情况最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿毒症", "B": "脑血管意外", "C": "糖尿病急症", "D": "肝性脑病"}, "answer": "肝性脑病", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,32岁,后背及双上臂沸水烫伤4小时,查体:T 37.4℃,P 100次/分,R 20次/分,BP 130/90mmHg,意识清楚,后背及双上臂背侧红肿明显,大量水疱,基底发红,疼痛明显。2.对该患者创面的处理措施正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "干燥无菌纱布覆盖包扎", "B": "70%酒精消毒创面", "C": "患肢包扎固定", "D": "穿刺抽出水疱液"}, "answer": "穿刺抽出水疱液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪一项反射活动中存在着正反馈?(  )", "options": {"A": "减压反射", "B": "排尿反射", "C": "肺牵张反射", "D": "对侧伸肌反射"}, "answer": "排尿反射", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男孩,1.5岁,已发热、咳嗽1周,近3天气促、喘息加重。查体:面色苍白,烦躁,双肺听诊闻及中小水泡音。病史中曾有过皮肤脓疱疹。血象:白细胞19×199/L,分叶粒细胞占0.9,淋巴细胞占0.1。1.该患儿下列哪一项治疗不当?(  )", "options": {"A": "用敏感抗生素", "B": "吸氧", "C": "保持呼吸道通畅", "D": "静脉滴注氢化可的松"}, "answer": "静脉滴注氢化可的松", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.乙肝病毒携带者最重要的检出指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HBsAg", "B": "抗-HBs", "C": "抗-HBc", "D": "抗-HBe"}, "answer": "HBsAg", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于胃食管反流病患者,需要定期接受内镜检查的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "非糜烂性胃食管反流病", "B": "合并食管裂孔疝", "C": "Barrett食管", "D": "反酸、烧心反复出现者"}, "answer": "Barrett食管", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,42岁,肝硬化病史10年。消化性溃疡病史4年,1小时前突然呕血约1200mL来诊。查体:心率120次/min,血压80/50mmHg,尿少。该患者首先应采取的紧急措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "升压药提高血压", "B": "急诊内镜检查明确出血部位", "C": "三腔两囊管压迫止血", "D": "迅速补充血容量"}, "answer": "迅速补充血容量", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,62岁,近2年来渐出现畏寒、乏力,食欲下降,记忆力减退,体重增加约15kg,全身浮肿.动作迟缓。1周前因子宫肌瘤行手术治疗,手术顺利,未输血。手术1天后渐出现嗜睡、无语,测体温34.5℃,脉搏50次/min,呼吸12次/min,血压70/50mmHg,反射减弱。2.对确诊最有价值的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血红细胞", "B": "血白细胞", "C": "FT3、FT4、TSH测定", "D": "血麻醉剂浓度测定"}, "answer": "FT3、FT4、TSH测定", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "骨髓穿刺常选用的部位应除外(  )。", "options": {"A": "髂后上棘", "B": "肋骨", "C": "腰椎棘突", "D": "胸骨"}, "answer": "肋骨", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "可诱发心绞痛的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胰岛素", "B": "卡比马唑", "C": "甲状腺素", "D": "氯磺丙脲"}, "answer": "甲状腺素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "糖尿病是一组病因不明的内分泌代谢病,其共同主要标志是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乏力", "B": "多饮、多尿、多食", "C": "消瘦", "D": "高血糖"}, "answer": "高血糖", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.叶酸、维生素B12含量少的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "牛奶", "B": "全脂奶粉", "C": "羊奶", "D": "酸牛奶"}, "answer": "羊奶", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "治疗切除胰腺或重度糖尿病患者无效的降糖药为(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿卡波糖", "B": "格列齐特", "C": "甲福明", "D": "珠蛋白锌胰岛素"}, "answer": "格列齐特", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.与胃炎及胃B细胞性淋巴瘤有关(  )。", "options": {"A": "HPV", "B": "EB病毒", "C": "幽门螺旋杆菌", "D": "SARS病毒"}, "answer": "幽门螺旋杆菌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,31岁。曾诊断为颅内动脉瘤破裂出血,3天后,剧烈头痛、意识朦胧、躁动、频繁呕吐,查体可见视神经乳头水肿。可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "再次出血", "B": "术后感染", "C": "脑梗死", "D": "脑积水"}, "answer": "再次出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.毛发色浅的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "21-三体综合征", "B": "苯丙酮尿症", "C": "佝偻病", "D": "糖尿病"}, "answer": "苯丙酮尿症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不是风湿热的主要表现的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "关节酸痛", "B": "舞蹈病", "C": "皮下结节", "D": "环形红斑"}, "answer": "关节酸痛", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.骨巨细胞瘤的典型X线表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "葱皮样骨膜反应", "B": "日光放射状骨膜反应", "C": "肥皂泡样骨质反应", "D": "干骺端圆形边界清楚的溶骨性病灶"}, "answer": "肥皂泡样骨质反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.成人泌尿系梗阻常见原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结石、损伤、肿瘤或结核", "B": "盆腔内疾病", "C": "先天性畸形", "D": "包皮过长"}, "answer": "结石、损伤、肿瘤或结核", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肠易激综合征患者的腹痛描述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "部位确定", "B": "以下腹和右下腹多见", "C": "排便或排气后不缓解", "D": "无明显体征"}, "answer": "无明显体征", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于排尿反射的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "初级中枢位于骶段脊髓", "B": "排尿反射中存在负反馈调控", "C": "排尿反射受意识控制", "D": "脊髓高位截瘫的病人,排尿反射仍可进行"}, "answer": "排尿反射中存在负反馈调控", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,41岁,近半年来,反复发生左上肢抽搐,每次半分钟左右自行缓解,应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯部分性癫痫发作", "B": "小舞蹈病", "C": "自动症", "D": "肌阵挛发作"}, "answer": "单纯部分性癫痫发作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "HIV主要感染的细胞不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD4+T淋巴细胞", "B": "单核-吞噬细胞", "C": "Kupffer细胞", "D": "小神经胶质细胞"}, "answer": "Kupffer细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "前列腺增生最重要的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿频", "B": "尿急", "C": "尿痛", "D": "进行性排尿困难"}, "answer": "进行性排尿困难", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,18岁,近1年来对家人亲友变得冷淡,不去上学,不洗澡,不主动更换衣服,对与自己有关的各种事情表现得无动于衷。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人格障碍", "B": "精神分裂症", "C": "抑郁症", "D": "创伤后应激障碍"}, "answer": "精神分裂症", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对中心静脉压的下列叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "正常值为0.4~1.2kPa(4~12cmH2O)", "B": "是反映心血管机能状态的指标", "C": "心射血功能减弱时降低", "D": "静脉输液过快时升高"}, "answer": "心射血功能减弱时降低", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪一项不符合肿瘤性生长?(  )", "options": {"A": "生长旺盛", "B": "常形成肿块", "C": "细胞分化成熟能力降低", "D": "增生过程中需致瘤因素的持续存在"}, "answer": "增生过程中需致瘤因素的持续存在", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "细菌的基本结构不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "菌毛", "B": "核糖体", "C": "细胞壁", "D": "核质"}, "answer": "菌毛", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.在D因子作用下分解的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "C3bB", "B": "C3bBb", "C": "C3B", "D": "βIH"}, "answer": "C3B", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.新生儿生理性黄疸的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤发亮,水肿毳毛多", "B": "皮肤色红润,皮下脂肪丰满,毳毛少", "C": "肝葡萄糖醛酸基转移酶活性低", "D": "足月新生儿生后3~5天出现乳腺肿大"}, "answer": "肝葡萄糖醛酸基转移酶活性低", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列属于阿尔茨海默病(AD)中度表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "学习困难,思维迟缓,生活能自理", "B": "忘记家人的名字,时常迷路,可出现错构、虚构", "C": "不知道自己的姓名,不认识亲人,出现神经系统受损症状", "D": "活动减少,语言功能丧失,生活完全不能自理"}, "answer": "忘记家人的名字,时常迷路,可出现错构、虚构", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "中毒型细菌性痢疾常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "低出生体重儿", "B": "3~6个月体格健壮的婴幼儿", "C": "2~7岁体格健壮的小儿", "D": "8~10岁营养状况较差的儿童"}, "answer": "2~7岁体格健壮的小儿", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肾上腺皮质功能不足的患者,排除水分的能力大为减弱,可出现“水中毒”,补充下述哪一种激素可缓解症状?(  )", "options": {"A": "醛固酮", "B": "糖皮质激素", "C": "肾上腺素", "D": "胰高血糖素"}, "answer": "糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.夜惊(  )。", "options": {"A": "发作性暴食,食后采取呕吐,导泻或禁食来阻止发胖", "B": "自我诱发的反复呕吐,呕吐物为刚进的食物,体重保持在正常体重的80%以上", "C": "发生于睡眠的前1/3阶段,伴尖叫,哭喊,惊恐,醒后不能回忆,多见于儿童", "D": "睡眠时有噩梦,有强烈的梦境体验,伴情绪紧张、心悸等,见于任何年龄"}, "answer": "发生于睡眠的前1/3阶段,伴尖叫,哭喊,惊恐,醒后不能回忆,多见于儿童", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肠道病毒的共同特征不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞浆内繁殖", "B": "耐酸、耐乙醚", "C": "寄生于肠道,只引起人类消化道传染病", "D": "只侵犯神经系统和其他组织,临床表现多样化"}, "answer": "寄生于肠道,只引起人类消化道传染病", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.维生素D缺乏性佝偻病(  )。", "options": {"A": "血钙下降,血磷下降,碱性磷酸酶下降,血25(OH)D3下降", "B": "血钙正常,血磷下降,碱性磷酸酶增高,25(OH)D3下降", "C": "血钙下降,血磷增高,碱性磷酸酶正常,25(OH)D3正常", "D": "血钙下降,血磷增高,碱性磷酸酶增高,25(OH)D3增高"}, "answer": "血钙正常,血磷下降,碱性磷酸酶增高,25(OH)D3下降", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1岁以内佝偻病骨骼系统改变中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "方颅", "B": "颅骨软化", "C": "手镯", "D": "“O”形腿"}, "answer": "“O”形腿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一位肿瘤病学专家在同事的协助下,为一肺癌病人做胸穿,抽出了1000毫升胸水。第二天早上交班时,这位专家问当班护士:此病人是什么时候做的胸穿?你注意观察了吗?病人的呼吸、心跳怎样?……护士有些紧张,答得不完全。这位专家说:这些内容医师要管,护士也要管,我们应共同努力。1.这位专家的做法,充分体现的是恰当处理医务人员之间关系的道德原则的哪一条?(  )", "options": {"A": "互相学习、共同提高和发挥优势", "B": "救死扶伤,实行革命的人道主义", "C": "互相协作和监督", "D": "护师必须服从医师"}, "answer": "互相学习、共同提高和发挥优势", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者男性,19岁,车祸致伤,急诊入院。查体:神志朦胧、咯血、口鼻均有泥砂夹血外溢,呼吸困难、烦躁不安,左胸侧严重擦伤、肿胀,心率98次/分,血压120/90mmHg,四肢活动尚可,左大腿中下段中度肿胀,有淤斑和严重擦伤。下述处理中不必紧急做的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅脑与胸部、左股骨X线摄片", "B": "多科会诊处理", "C": "左下肢包扎固定", "D": "输血"}, "answer": "输血", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "X线片上成人的椎体结核和椎体肿瘤的主要鉴别点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是否有死骨形成", "B": "椎体的破坏程度", "C": "椎间隙是否狭窄或消失", "D": "椎体骨质疏松的程度"}, "answer": "椎间隙是否狭窄或消失", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩,6个月,患肺炎入院第二天突然烦躁不安,面色苍白,心率180次/分,音钝,双肺闻及密集的小水泡音,肝增大,肋下3cm,心电图示T波低平,考虑患儿出现了哪一种并发症?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺不张", "B": "气胸", "C": "脓胸", "D": "心力衰竭"}, "answer": "心力衰竭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "24岁男性,农民,因畏寒发热起病,伴全身肌肉酸痛,头痛4天于8月10日入院。入院1天发现皮肤黄染,尿量减少,尿色深黄,查体:结膜充血,巩膜及皮肤中度黄染,皮肤有出血点,浅表淋巴结肿大,肝肋下1cm,压痛(+),脾(-),实验室检查WBC 15.4×109/L,N 80%,L 20%,尿检:尿蛋白(+),颗粒管型,WBC 8~15/HP,RBC 20~30/HP,BUN 24mmol/L,凝集溶解试验阳性。3.哪种药物为治疗的首选药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "庆大霉素", "B": "四环素", "C": "青霉素", "D": "头孢曲松"}, "answer": "青霉素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,67岁。反复咳嗽、咳痰30年,加重1周。查体:双肺可闻及干湿性啰音。动脉血气分析示:pH 7.21,PaCO2 75mmHg,PaO2 50mmHg,HCO3- 19.6mmol/L。酸碱平衡失调的类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "代谢性碱中毒", "B": "代谢性酸中毒", "C": "呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性酸中毒", "D": "呼吸性酸中毒"}, "answer": "呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性酸中毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者安于已适应的角色,小病大养,该出院而不愿意出院,此时患者的状态被称为角色行为(  )。", "options": {"A": "减退", "B": "缺如", "C": "强化", "D": "异常"}, "answer": "强化", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,40岁,因发热、便秘、食欲不振10天入院。查体:T 39.8℃,P 98次/分,肝大肋下1.0cm,软,脾肋下及边。血常规WBC 2.7×109/L,中性粒细胞52%,淋巴细胞44%,血清ALT 100U/L,肥达反应“O”1:160,“H”1:160。3.病原治疗最合适的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "环丙沙星", "B": "青霉素", "C": "复方新诺明", "D": "红霉素"}, "answer": "环丙沙星", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,58岁。咳嗽、呼吸困难2周余。查体:T 36.8℃,右侧肋间隙变宽,右下肺叩诊呈浊音,呼吸音及语音共振明显减弱。该患者肺部病变最可能的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺实变", "B": "气胸", "C": "肺气肿", "D": "胸腔积液"}, "answer": "胸腔积液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,45岁。饮酒、饱餐后突发左上腹持续性疼痛10小时,吐后胀痛不缓解。无慢性胃病史。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心肌梗死", "B": "急性胆囊炎", "C": "急性胰腺炎", "D": "肾结石"}, "answer": "急性胰腺炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,45岁。左乳房包块5个月,乳房无不适症状,有时感左肩背部不适,隐痛。查体:一般情况好,左乳房外上象限可触及3cm×2cm包块,质硬,不光滑,活动,无压痛,左腋窝触及3枚肿大淋巴结。钼靶摄片:左乳房2cm×2cm高密度影,周边有毛刺,中央有细沙样钙化点。2.患者术后3年出现腰背部疼痛,逐渐加重,为明确诊断首选的主要检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "PET-CT", "B": "CEA", "C": "CA153", "D": "同位素骨扫描"}, "answer": "同位素骨扫描", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪种超敏反应性疾病的发生与补体无关(  )。", "options": {"A": "血小板减少性紫癜", "B": "甲状腺功能亢进", "C": "重症肌无力", "D": "自身溶血性贫血"}, "answer": "甲状腺功能亢进", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胆汁质气质的人,其高级神经活动类型为(  )。", "options": {"A": "强、均衡而灵活的活泼型", "B": "强、均衡而不灵活的安静型", "C": "强、不均衡而灵活的兴奋型", "D": "弱、均衡、灵活的灵活型"}, "answer": "强、不均衡而灵活的兴奋型", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某高校心理咨询工作人员接待了一位大学生,该生对心理咨询员说,他多次难以自控地想杀其女友。那么,此情况下心理咨询员的最佳做法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "劝其尽快接受治疗", "B": "严格保守该生的秘密", "C": "告知该生女友家属对其进行保护,同时建议该生家属带其进行必要的心理诊治", "D": "通知该生的家长对其妥善监管"}, "answer": "告知该生女友家属对其进行保护,同时建议该生家属带其进行必要的心理诊治", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.抗炎作用最强、作用持续时间最短的糖皮质激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "米托坦", "B": "地塞米松", "C": "可的松", "D": "甲泼尼龙"}, "answer": "可的松", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "艾滋病的英文缩写是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HIV", "B": "AIDS", "C": "ARDS", "D": "HAV"}, "answer": "AIDS", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.原发性脑干损伤(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤后啼哭,抽搐", "B": "伤后立即昏迷,伴去脑强直发作", "C": "伤后昏迷,片刻后清醒", "D": "伤后浅昏迷,脑脊液血性"}, "answer": "伤后立即昏迷,伴去脑强直发作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于乙型肝炎病毒特征叙述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "电镜下可见3种颗粒形态", "B": "完整病毒称为Dane颗粒", "C": "主要经血液或注射传播", "D": "有包膜RNA病毒"}, "answer": "有包膜RNA病毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于艾滋病的高危人群哪项错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "50岁以上的人", "B": "静脉药瘾者", "C": "性乱者", "D": "男性同性恋"}, "answer": "50岁以上的人", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有关黑色素瘤的描述中,哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "可由黑色素痣恶变而来", "B": "光镜下可不见黑色素颗粒", "C": "可发生于粘膜和内脏器官", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "以上都不是", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.运输内源性甘油三酯的脂蛋白是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IDL", "B": "VLDL", "C": "IDL", "D": "CM"}, "answer": "VLDL", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不支持慢性粒细胞白血病加速期的血常规检查结果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血小板进行性减少", "B": "血小板增高", "C": "血红蛋白逐渐下降", "D": "外周血原始粒细胞<10%"}, "answer": "外周血原始粒细胞<10%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "婴幼儿时期最常见的肺炎是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管肺炎", "B": "毛细支气管肺炎", "C": "间质性肺炎", "D": "大叶性肺炎"}, "answer": "支气管肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "成人肺结核临床常见的类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "局灶型肺结核", "B": "干酪样肺炎", "C": "浸润性肺结核", "D": "肺结核球"}, "answer": "浸润性肺结核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于细胞凋亡坏死(固缩坏死),下述叙述中哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "发生单个细胞坏死或小灶状坏死", "B": "凋亡坏死不引起炎症反应", "C": "可见凋亡小体形成", "D": "凋亡坏死是由酶解作用所致"}, "answer": "凋亡坏死是由酶解作用所致", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,25岁,主因右膝关节肿痛2周就诊,腰痛3年,查体:右膝关节肿胀,有压痛,浮髌试验阳性,左侧“4”字征阳性,左侧骶髂关节压痛阳性。1.最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骶髂关节X线片", "B": "类风湿因子", "C": "抗“O”抗体", "D": "HLA-B27"}, "answer": "骶髂关节X线片", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性肾炎患儿病程早期突然出现惊厥,首先要考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "高热惊厥", "B": "低血糖", "C": "高血压脑病", "D": "低钙惊厥"}, "answer": "高血压脑病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,45岁。吸烟20年,有喘息、咳嗽症状,普通胸片未发现明显异常,支气管舒张试验阳性。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心源性哮喘", "B": "支气管哮喘", "C": "COPD", "D": "肺源性心脏病"}, "answer": "支气管哮喘", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,40岁。近3年经常于清晨突发晕厥,出冷汗,饮糖水后症状缓解,B超提示胰腺占位,约1.5cm。该肿瘤好发部位依次是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胰头、胰颈、胰体", "B": "胰颈、胰体、胰尾", "C": "胰体、胰尾、胰头", "D": "胰尾、胰体、胰头"}, "answer": "胰尾、胰体、胰头", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.腰麻后一般采用(  )。", "options": {"A": "去枕平卧", "B": "去枕侧卧", "C": "15°~30°斜坡卧位", "D": "高半坐卧位"}, "answer": "去枕平卧", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2岁男孩因感冒2天伴发热来诊。查体:体温39℃,脉搏130次/分,神清,咽及右鼓膜中度充血,其余检查正常,在体检中,突然发呆,双眼上翻,出现四肢强直性阵挛性运动,对该患儿首先应该进行(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰穿刺术", "B": "保持呼吸道通畅,解痉", "C": "静脉注射地西泮", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "保持呼吸道通畅,解痉", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "心肌梗死最常发生的部位在(  )。", "options": {"A": "室间隔后1/3", "B": "右心室前壁", "C": "左心室前壁", "D": "右心室后壁"}, "answer": "左心室前壁", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于胆汁酸代谢调节的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆固醇7α-羟化酶是胆汁酸合成的限速酶", "B": "高胆固醇饮食可促进胆汁酸的生成", "C": "进入肝的胆汁酸可抑制胆汁酸的生成", "D": "甲状腺素可抑制胆汁酸的生成"}, "answer": "甲状腺素可抑制胆汁酸的生成", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "缺铁性贫血发病过程中最敏感或可靠的检验方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清铁降低", "B": "平均血红蛋白降低", "C": "平均红细胞体积降低", "D": "血清铁蛋白降低"}, "answer": "血清铁蛋白降低", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "8月小儿,单纯母乳喂养,未添加辅食,近两个月腹泻,面色逐渐蜡黄,对周围反应差,少哭不笑,并出现头和舌的颤抖,红细胞数2.1×1012/L,血红蛋白85g/L。1.此患儿的最可能诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "铁缺乏性贫血", "B": "叶酸缺乏性贫血", "C": "维生素B12缺乏性贫血", "D": "再生障碍性贫血"}, "answer": "维生素B12缺乏性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "特发性面神经麻痹不应有的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Bell(贝尔)现象", "B": "耳后或下颌角后疼痛", "C": "舌前2/3味觉障碍", "D": "外耳道或鼓膜出现疼痛、疱疹"}, "answer": "外耳道或鼓膜出现疼痛、疱疹", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,19岁,2日来出现皮肤紫癜,以下肢为主,两侧对称,颜色鲜红,高出皮肤表面,伴有关节及腹痛,该患者诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性白血病", "B": "过敏性紫癜", "C": "血小板减少性紫癜", "D": "急腹症"}, "answer": "过敏性紫癜", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,20岁,有明显糖尿病症状,每日胰岛素用量36U,夜里出现多汗、心悸、手抖,晨起查血糖10.3mmol/L(186mg/dl),应给予(  )。", "options": {"A": "调换胰岛素类型", "B": "加大胰岛素用量", "C": "减少早饭前胰岛素剂量", "D": "减少晚餐前胰岛素用量"}, "answer": "减少晚餐前胰岛素用量", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "效度反映心理测量结果的(  )。", "options": {"A": "可靠性", "B": "一致性", "C": "真实性", "D": "客观性"}, "answer": "真实性", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.破伤风梭菌的主要致病物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "外毒素", "B": "鞭毛", "C": "荚膜", "D": "芽胞"}, "answer": "外毒素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项为不违反保密原则的做法?(  )", "options": {"A": "泄露患者隐私", "B": "将病人不良病情告知家属", "C": "告知患者不良诊断", "D": "告知患者不良预后"}, "answer": "将病人不良病情告知家属", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.婴儿每日所需水分(  )。", "options": {"A": "150ml/kg", "B": "125ml/kg", "C": "75ml/kg", "D": "40ml/kg"}, "answer": "150ml/kg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.胃大部切除术,切口有血肿(  )。", "options": {"A": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅲ/丙”", "B": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅱ/甲”", "C": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅱ/乙”", "D": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅲ/甲”"}, "answer": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅱ/乙”", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,65岁。因大量蛋白尿入院,肾活检示膜性肾病,予泼尼松60mg/日治疗3周,突发右侧腰痛伴肉眼血尿1天。查体:右肾区叩击痛(+),尿蛋白(++++)。尿沉渣镜检:RBC满视野,血Alb 15g/L,血肌酐95μmol/L,B超示右肾增大。2.当前最重要的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗感染", "B": "泼尼松加量", "C": "加用环磷酰胺", "D": "低分子肝素抗凝"}, "answer": "低分子肝素抗凝", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有一病人两天前突然感冒,出现发热、寒战,呼吸困难,今天有咳嗽,痰为红色带铁锈样外观,叩诊肺有一大叶实变,该病人病变性质可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "化脓性炎", "B": "出血性炎", "C": "纤维素性炎", "D": "肺脓肿"}, "answer": "纤维素性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.泡沫样白带见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "滴虫性阴道炎", "B": "老年性阴道炎", "C": "幼女性阴道炎", "D": "阿米巴阴道炎"}, "answer": "滴虫性阴道炎", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于瘢痕性幽门梗阻的临床表现,错误的描述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呕吐物多为宿食,有酸臭味,含有胆汁", "B": "上腹隆起,可有蠕动波", "C": "可有振水音", "D": "可有低钾低氯性碱中毒"}, "answer": "呕吐物多为宿食,有酸臭味,含有胆汁", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医生的特殊干涉权不是针对(  )。", "options": {"A": "要求义诊的患者", "B": "需要隔离而拒绝隔离的传染病患者", "C": "有意扰乱正常医疗秩序的患者", "D": "实施自杀行为的抑郁症患者"}, "answer": "要求义诊的患者", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶积分降低多出现在(  )。", "options": {"A": "再生障碍性贫血", "B": "慢性粒细胞白血病", "C": "脾功能亢进", "D": "骨髓纤维化"}, "answer": "慢性粒细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "25岁初孕妇,孕39周,未经产前检查。诉下肢水肿半个月,近3日头痛,今晨出现视物不清及头痛加重,且呕吐2次,查尿蛋白2.5g/24h。3.用硫酸镁治疗后出现膝反射减弱,应立即应用的药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "拉贝洛尔", "B": "葡萄糖酸钙", "C": "硝苯地平", "D": "呋塞米"}, "answer": "葡萄糖酸钙", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "风湿病时,下列哪项是炎症性增生的病变?(  )", "options": {"A": "动脉管壁粘液变性", "B": "心肌间风湿小结形成", "C": "心内膜炎疣状赘生物生成", "D": "心外膜呈绒毛状"}, "answer": "心肌间风湿小结形成", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于强迫症的描述哪项错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "可有强迫观念", "B": "可有强迫意向", "C": "可有强迫行为", "D": "病前癔症性格多见"}, "answer": "病前癔症性格多见", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "Ⅲ型变态反应的重要病理学特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "嗜酸性粒细胞浸润", "B": "单核细胞浸润", "C": "充血水肿、局部坏死和中性粒细胞浸润", "D": "淋巴细胞浸润"}, "answer": "充血水肿、局部坏死和中性粒细胞浸润", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1岁患儿因腹泻就诊。血象:RBC2.5×1012/L,Hb90g/L,MCV99fl,MCH37pg,MCHC35%。血涂片嗜多色性和嗜碱性点彩红细胞易见。其最可能诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "再生障碍性贫血", "B": "感染性贫血", "C": "溶血性贫血", "D": "巨幼红细胞性贫血"}, "answer": "巨幼红细胞性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "9个月男婴,高热、呕吐3日,抽搐2次。查体:嗜睡,前囟膨隆,颈强(+)。腰穿脑脊液的外观混浊,白细胞5000×106/L,蛋白质阳性,糖、氯化物正常。大剂量青霉素治疗5天后,体温恢复正常,复查脑脊液好转。几天后,再度出现高热、呕吐、惊厥,前囟又隆起。应考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核性脑膜炎", "B": "化脓性脑炎", "C": "结核性脑膜炎合并脑积水", "D": "化脓性脑膜炎合并硬膜下积液"}, "answer": "化脓性脑膜炎合并硬膜下积液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪项与鼻咽癌的发生有关?(  )", "options": {"A": "HSV-2", "B": "HSV-1", "C": "VZV", "D": "EBV"}, "answer": "EBV", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.压抑情绪,控制愤怒(  )。", "options": {"A": "A型行为", "B": "B型行为", "C": "C型行为", "D": "D型行为"}, "answer": "C型行为", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,25岁,停经7周,1h前突感下腹部疼痛,伴肛门坠胀感,查体:皮肤苍白,下腹压痛,反跳痛,腹肌紧张,阴道后穹窿饱满,有压痛。1.该患者最有可能诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "输卵管妊娠", "B": "肠结核", "C": "急性输卵管炎", "D": "急性肠炎"}, "answer": "输卵管妊娠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某学者对200名肿瘤患者采用手术加放疗,其疗效与3年前只采用手术治疗效果进行比较。这种方法属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "自身对照", "B": "病例对照研究", "C": "横断面调查", "D": "历史对照"}, "answer": "历史对照", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "预后最差的甲状腺肿瘤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺腺瘤恶变", "B": "滤泡状腺癌", "C": "未分化癌", "D": "乳头状腺癌"}, "answer": "未分化癌", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列物质不能异生为糖的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙酮酸", "B": "天冬氨酸", "C": "草酰乙酸", "D": "乙酰辅酶A"}, "answer": "乙酰辅酶A", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性患者,78岁,胆囊切除术后第2天,自觉憋气、痰多、发热、腹痛。查:心率100次/分,心电图无特殊发现,白细胞17×109/L。1.为进一步诊断,应做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹平片", "B": "胸片", "C": "心肌酶谱", "D": "腹腔穿刺"}, "answer": "胸片", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.恶性高血压(  )。", "options": {"A": "细动脉玻璃样变", "B": "大中动脉纤维素样坏死及风湿小体形成", "C": "小动脉炎,指趾尖端形成米粒大有明显压痛的结节", "D": "细小动脉纤维素样坏死"}, "answer": "细小动脉纤维素样坏死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,22岁。妊娠34周,剧烈头痛并抽搐1次。查体:BP 180/120mmHg,全身水肿,无宫缩,LOA,胎心150次/分。尿蛋白(++)。首选的处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉注射呋塞米", "B": "静脉滴注白蛋白", "C": "静脉滴注硫酸镁", "D": "静脉注射西地兰"}, "answer": "静脉滴注硫酸镁", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "6个月~6岁/小儿Hb值的低限是(  )。", "options": {"A": "90g/L", "B": "110g/L", "C": "120g/L", "D": "130g/L"}, "answer": "110g/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,28岁,1个月前行肾移植手术。目前体温升高,肾功能降低,少尿,尿中白细胞增多,问出现了何种排斥反应(  )。", "options": {"A": "超急性排斥", "B": "急性排斥", "C": "迟发型排斥", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "急性排斥", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "呈现圆脸、厚背、躯干发胖而四肢消瘦的向心性肥胖的特殊体形,表明(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺激素分泌过多", "B": "生长素分泌过多", "C": "肾上腺糖皮质激素分泌过多", "D": "肾上腺素分泌过多"}, "answer": "肾上腺糖皮质激素分泌过多", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "由病人的家长、家属或他人作出求医的决定属(  )。", "options": {"A": "强制求医型", "B": "被动求医型", "C": "本人不愿求医", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "被动求医型", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在致甲亢的各种病因中,哪一种为最多见?(  )", "options": {"A": "甲状腺癌", "B": "Graves病", "C": "自主性高功能甲状腺结节", "D": "亚急性甲状腺炎伴甲亢"}, "answer": "Graves病", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.在内源性抗原的提呈中发挥重要作用的分子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD4和MHCⅡ类分子结合", "B": "CD8和MHCⅠ类分子结合", "C": "CD28和CD80结合", "D": "CTLA-4和CD86结合"}, "answer": "CD8和MHCⅠ类分子结合", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对一个地区全体居民进行高血压病的统计资料的分析,可计算当地的(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压患病率", "B": "高血压发病率", "C": "高血压病死率", "D": "高血压罹患率"}, "answer": "高血压患病率", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "以下哪项最可能导致室性心动过速和心室颤动?(  )", "options": {"A": "R-on-T型室早", "B": "多源性室早", "C": "成对或连续出现的室早", "D": "频发性室早(>5次/min)"}, "answer": "R-on-T型室早", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,34岁,停经,溢乳3个月,查体:体温36.5℃,脉搏80次/分,R 18次/分,BP 120/80mmHg,乳房挤压有少量乳白色液体,未触及肿块,余体格检查未见异常,该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多囊卵巢综合症", "B": "颅咽管瘤", "C": "垂体柄损伤", "D": "泌乳素瘤"}, "answer": "泌乳素瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性颅内压增高的主要临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头痛、恶心、呕吐", "B": "头痛、头晕、视力下降", "C": "头痛、呕吐、视乳头水肿", "D": "头痛、复视、意识障碍"}, "answer": "头痛、呕吐、视乳头水肿", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.过敏毒素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "C3A", "B": "CA", "C": "C2a", "D": "C3b"}, "answer": "C3A", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.语言知觉测验属(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经心理学测验", "B": "人格测验问卷", "C": "评定量表", "D": "人格投射测验"}, "answer": "神经心理学测验", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于医德规范,下列提法中错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "调节医务人员人际关系的出发点和根本准则", "B": "医务人员行为的具体医德标准", "C": "社会对医务人员行为的基本要求", "D": "医德原则的具体体现和补充"}, "answer": "调节医务人员人际关系的出发点和根本准则", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是静止T细胞所表达的MHC分子?(  )", "options": {"A": "MHCI、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类分子", "B": "MHCI、Ⅱ类分子", "C": "MHCI、Ⅲ类分子", "D": "MHCI类分子"}, "answer": "MHCI类分子", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在下列维持治疗胃食管反流病的药物中,效果最好的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "西沙必利", "B": "氢氧化铝", "C": "西咪替丁", "D": "奥美拉唑"}, "answer": "奥美拉唑", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "营养性缺铁性贫血在什么情况下可给予输血治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "重症贫血,伴有嗜睡或烦躁", "B": "重症贫血,伴有呕吐、腹泻", "C": "重症贫血,伴有心率增快", "D": "重症贫血,伴有明显感染"}, "answer": "重症贫血,伴有明显感染", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男婴,11个月。母乳喂养,近3个月来面色渐苍白,间断腹泻,原可站立,现坐不稳,手足常颤抖。体检面色苍黄,略水肿,表情呆滞。血红蛋白80g/L,红细胞20×1012/L,白细胞60×109/L。1.该患儿最恰当的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素C口服", "B": "肌内注射维生素B12", "C": "肌内注射维生素D3", "D": "静脉滴注维生素B6"}, "answer": "肌内注射维生素B12", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.肾病综合征大量蛋白尿是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿蛋白定量大于50mg/(kg·d)", "B": "尿蛋白定量大于40mg/(kg·d)", "C": "血清白蛋白浓度大于或等于35g/L", "D": "胆固醇大于5.7mmol/L"}, "answer": "尿蛋白定量大于50mg/(kg·d)", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,8个月,因发热2次,抽搐2次,伴呕吐,吃奶量减少,喜哭,易怒就诊。母乳喂养。查体:精神差,前囟饱满,心肺腹无异常发现,肌张力增高,脑脊液检查:外观混浊,白细胞1000×106/L,中性粒细胞为主,糖1mmol/L,氯化物107mmol/L,蛋白质2.0g/L。3.如合并硬膜下积液,积液量较大,颅内压明显增高,应选择硬膜下穿刺放出积液,每次每侧放液量宜(  )。", "options": {"A": "21~25ml", "B": "31~50ml", "C": "小于15ml", "D": "15~20ml"}, "answer": "小于15ml", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "颈椎病患者,MRI检查见颈5、6椎间盘突入椎管压迫颈脊髓,保守治疗无效,瘫痪渐渐加重,应选择哪一种治疗方案(  )。", "options": {"A": "旋转复位推拿", "B": "大重量牵引", "C": "后路椎板切除手术", "D": "前路髓核摘除植骨术"}, "answer": "前路髓核摘除植骨术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是诱导肿瘤特异性Ag的物质?(  )", "options": {"A": "EB病毒", "B": "甲基胆蒽", "C": "人乙肝病毒", "D": "单纯疱疹病毒"}, "answer": "甲基胆蒽", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于真核生物mRNA的叙述哪项是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "帽子结构是多聚腺苷酸", "B": "mRNA的前体是snRNA", "C": "3’端是7-甲基鸟苷三磷酸(m7-GPPP)", "D": "有帽子结构与多聚A尾"}, "answer": "有帽子结构与多聚A尾", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.供体菌通过性菌毛将遗传物质转移给受体菌称(  )。", "options": {"A": "转化", "B": "转导", "C": "溶原性转换", "D": "接合"}, "answer": "接合", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.具有CD4分子表面标志的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ts", "B": "Th", "C": "B-1", "D": "B-2"}, "answer": "Th", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "脊柱损伤后.跟腱反射消失,膝腱反射正常存在,损伤的脊髓平面可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "S1以下平面", "B": "S2", "C": "L5", "D": "L1"}, "answer": "L5", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "可使机体免疫系统识别自身成分引起自身免疫病的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "自身组织成分改变而被认为是外来抗原", "B": "隐蔽抗原的释放", "C": "与机体组织细胞成分有共同抗原的病原微生物感染", "D": "以上任一均可"}, "answer": "以上任一均可", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有一位妇女乳腺发现肿块,较硬,而且与周围组织境界不清。取组织活检,镜下见瘤细胞大小不等,核大深染,形态不规则,瘤细胞浆少;多呈索条状排列,少量呈腺样散在大量纤维组织内,后者有明显玻璃样变。此瘤最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺癌肉瘤", "B": "乳腺腺癌", "C": "乳腺髓样癌", "D": "乳腺硬癌"}, "answer": "乳腺硬癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,35岁,发热伴皮肤出血2周。查体:贫血貌,肝脾均为肋下1~2cm,胸骨压痛,血红蛋白70g/L,白细胞14×109/L,血小板12×109/L,不需做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓穿刺", "B": "组化染色", "C": "免疫分型", "D": "血小板抗体"}, "answer": "血小板抗体", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,48岁,患左拇指狭窄性腱鞘炎2周,此时最简便、有效的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "制动", "B": "腱鞘切开术", "C": "醋酸泼尼松龙局封", "D": "理疗"}, "answer": "醋酸泼尼松龙局封", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,22岁,肥胖,皮肤痤疮,血压140/90mmHg,24小时尿17-羟为25mg,给予地塞米松0.5mmg,每6小时一次,共2日,再测尿17-羟为6mg/24h。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺皮质腺瘤", "B": "肾上腺皮质腺癌", "C": "异位ACTH综合征", "D": "单纯性肥胖"}, "answer": "单纯性肥胖", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男孩,14个月发热、腹泻、呕吐3天入院,精神委靡,呼吸45次/分,略促、深长,中度失水征,腹软气胀,余无异常。血钠127mmol/L,血钾4mmol/L,氯100mmol/L,CO2CP 15mmol/L,第一天补液应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "100ml/(kg·d)4:3:2液,不补钾", "B": "100ml/(kg·d)1:1液,不补钾", "C": "150ml/(kg·d)4:3:2液,见尿后补钾", "D": "200ml/(kg·d)4:3:2液,见尿后补钾"}, "answer": "150ml/(kg·d)4:3:2液,见尿后补钾", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,45岁。2小时前突然呕鲜血约1000mL来院,3年前诊断为慢性乙型肝炎。查体:贫血貌,血压90/60mmHg,脉搏120次/分,肝肋下未触及,脾肋下3cm。血红蛋白60g/L,红细胞2.6×1012/L,血小板60×109/L。最有效的紧急止血措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "三腔二囊管压迫", "B": "大量补液", "C": "静脉注射生长抑素制剂", "D": "冷盐水洗胃"}, "answer": "三腔二囊管压迫", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.一般来说,使医患之间信托—契约关系能够得到理想体现的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "双方冲突型", "B": "患者主导型", "C": "指导—合作型", "D": "共同参与型"}, "answer": "共同参与型", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.哪项药物是引起股骨头无菌性坏死最常见的?(  )", "options": {"A": "甲苯磺丁脲", "B": "肝素", "C": "尿激酶", "D": "糖皮质激素"}, "answer": "糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列有关mRNA结构的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "3′端有甲基化鸟嘌呤尾结构", "B": "链的二级结构为单链卷曲和单链螺旋", "C": "链的局部可形成双链结构", "D": "三个相连核苷酸组成一个反密码子"}, "answer": "链的局部可形成双链结构", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,女,10个月,牛奶喂养,未加辅食,近半月患儿皮肤渐苍白,进食少,不愿活动。血象Hb 100g/L,RBC 3.08 ×1012/L。为明确贫血的原因,下述哪一项检查具有早期诊断价值?(  )", "options": {"A": "红细胞游离原卟啉测定", "B": "骨髓穿刺", "C": "血清铁测定", "D": "血清铁蛋白的测定"}, "answer": "血清铁蛋白的测定", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.肥厚型心肌病(  )。", "options": {"A": "室间隔非对称性肥厚,舒张期室间隔厚度与左室后壁之比≥1.3", "B": "心前壁之前和心后壁之后有液性暗区", "C": "舒张期二尖瓣前叶呈圆拱状,后叶活动度减弱,交界处融合,瓣叶增厚和瓣口面积减小", "D": "主动脉瓣狭窄,左室射血分数0.55"}, "answer": "室间隔非对称性肥厚,舒张期室间隔厚度与左室后壁之比≥1.3", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "伸直型肱骨髁上骨折,常并发(  )。", "options": {"A": "脂肪栓塞", "B": "血管神经损伤", "C": "骨折局部感染", "D": "肱骨下端缺血性坏死"}, "answer": "血管神经损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.恶性高血压(  )。", "options": {"A": "夹层动脉瘤形成", "B": "冠状动脉粥样硬化", "C": "细动脉壁纤维素样坏死", "D": "小动脉化脓菌栓塞"}, "answer": "细动脉壁纤维素样坏死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,26岁,血友病患者。近1年来出现低热、腹泻及全身浅表淋巴结肿大。查外周血淋巴细胞0.5×109/L。考虑最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋巴结结核", "B": "白色念珠菌病", "C": "新型隐球菌病", "D": "AIDS"}, "answer": "AIDS", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.系统脱敏属(  )。", "options": {"A": "行为疗法", "B": "询者中心疗法", "C": "支持疗法", "D": "精神分析"}, "answer": "支持疗法", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "支气管肺炎诱发心力衰竭的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺动脉高压,中毒性心肌炎", "B": "肺动脉高压,代谢性酸中毒", "C": "中毒性心肌炎,代谢性酸中毒", "D": "肺动脉高压,微循环障碍"}, "answer": "肺动脉高压,中毒性心肌炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.肝细胞界板处坏死崩解(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝细胞嗜酸性坏死", "B": "肝细胞点状坏死", "C": "肝细胞气球样变", "D": "肝细胞碎片状坏死"}, "answer": "肝细胞碎片状坏死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不含内分泌组织的器官是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑", "B": "胃肠", "C": "骨", "D": "肾脏"}, "answer": "骨", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肌酸的合成原料是(  )。", "options": {"A": "精氨酸和鸟氨酸", "B": "精氨酸和甘氨酸", "C": "精氨酸和瓜氨酸", "D": "鸟氨酸和甘氨酸"}, "answer": "精氨酸和甘氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男婴,胎龄266天,自然分娩,Apgar评分1分钟和5分钟为10分。体检时,下述哪一项反射阴性是正常的?(  )", "options": {"A": "颈肢反射", "B": "腹壁反射", "C": "觅食反射", "D": "握持反射"}, "answer": "腹壁反射", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "人格包括下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "人格特征和行为模式", "B": "人格特质和人格维度", "C": "人格特质和行为模式", "D": "人格特征和人格倾向"}, "answer": "人格特征和人格倾向", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一个患者腹痛已5天,如果怀疑急性胰腺炎,最有诊断意义的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清淀粉酶", "B": "白细胞计数", "C": "血清脂肪酶", "D": "血清正铁血红蛋白"}, "answer": "血清脂肪酶", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项属于继发性免疫缺陷病?(  )", "options": {"A": "DiGeorge综合征", "B": "X-连锁低丙球蛋白血症", "C": "慢性肉芽肿瘤", "D": "AIDS"}, "answer": "AIDS", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "30岁,女性,3年前产一死婴,近2年烦渴、多饮,日饮水量波动在1.5~15L,夜间饮水量明显少于白天,月经正常,无消瘦或乳房萎缩,入院后对主动限水耐受性好,禁水试验尿比重达1.018,CT检查未见垂体或鞍区异常,诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅咽管瘤", "B": "席汉病", "C": "完全性尿崩", "D": "精神性多饮"}, "answer": "精神性多饮", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.以上何种药物最适宜于治疗高血压合并急性肺水肿?(  )", "options": {"A": "异丙肾上腺素", "B": "硝普钠", "C": "硝苯地平", "D": "多巴胺"}, "answer": "硝普钠", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "粘液性水肿的治疗用药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡比马唑", "B": "甲巯咪唑", "C": "碘化钾", "D": "甲状腺片"}, "answer": "甲状腺片", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某患者因外伤引起脊髓半离断,其感觉障碍表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "离断侧深感觉障碍,对侧浅感觉障碍", "B": "离断侧深感觉、浅感觉均障碍", "C": "离断侧浅感觉障碍,对侧深感觉障碍", "D": "离断侧浅感觉障碍,对侧深感觉正常"}, "answer": "离断侧深感觉障碍,对侧浅感觉障碍", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.IMP(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制PRPP酰胺转移酶", "B": "抑制氨基甲酰磷酶合成酶Ⅱ", "C": "促进PRPP合成酶", "D": "抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶"}, "answer": "抑制PRPP酰胺转移酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.糖尿病合并高血压的患者首选的降压药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "依那普利", "B": "美托洛尔", "C": "氢氯噻嗪", "D": "氨氯地平"}, "answer": "依那普利", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肾综合征出血热少尿期治疗原则哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "高蛋白饮食", "B": "稳定内环境", "C": "导泻和放血", "D": "透析"}, "answer": "高蛋白饮食", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一肝炎患者做肝穿刺活检,镜下见肝细胞点状坏死,汇管区见少量淋巴细胞浸润及轻度纤维组织增生,肝小叶结构完整。上述病变符合下述哪种病变?(  )", "options": {"A": "轻度慢性肝炎", "B": "中度慢性肝炎", "C": "重度慢性肝炎", "D": "早期肝硬化"}, "answer": "轻度慢性肝炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "执业医师处方权的取得方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "被医疗机构聘用后取得", "B": "在注册的执业地点取得", "C": "在上级医院进修后取得", "D": "医师资格考试合格后取得"}, "answer": "在注册的执业地点取得", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "苯丙酮尿症血液中增高的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯丙氨酸", "B": "多巴胺", "C": "5-羟色胺", "D": "丙氨酸"}, "answer": "苯丙氨酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.自我同一性培养(  )。", "options": {"A": "婴儿期", "B": "幼儿期", "C": "童年期", "D": "青年期"}, "answer": "青年期", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "阿司匹林的作用不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗炎、抗风湿", "B": "抑制PG合成,易造成胃黏膜损伤", "C": "高剂量时才能抑制血小板聚集", "D": "高剂量时也能抑制PGI2的合成"}, "answer": "高剂量时才能抑制血小板聚集", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.可以参加执业助理医师资格考试的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "有医学专业本科学历,在医疗机构试用期满1年", "B": "有医学专业专科学历,取得执业助理医师执业证书后,在预防机构工作满1年", "C": "有医学专业本科学历,在医疗机构中试用期满6个月", "D": "有中等专业学校医学专科学历,在预防机构试用期满1年"}, "answer": "有中等专业学校医学专科学历,在预防机构试用期满1年", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,62岁。间断咳嗽,咳少量白黏痰10年。查体:双肺呼吸音粗,未闻及干湿性啰音。血常规正常。胸部X线片示肺纹理增粗紊乱,肺功能示FEV1占预计值83%,FEV1/FVC=67%(舒张后)。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管哮喘", "B": "特发性肺纤维化", "C": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病", "D": "支气管扩张"}, "answer": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不是补体的生物学功能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "促炎症作用", "B": "细胞毒作用", "C": "促进吞噬", "D": "特异性免疫作用"}, "answer": "特异性免疫作用", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "免疫的功能不是(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫防御", "B": "免疫监视", "C": "免疫稳定", "D": "免疫耐受"}, "answer": "免疫耐受", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项结核菌素试验结果是正确的(  )。", "options": {"A": "OT试验阴性者可排除结核感染", "B": "OT试验阳性者可确诊患有结核病", "C": "结核性脑膜炎的OT试验肯定为阳性", "D": "初次感染结核后4~8周内结核菌素试验可呈阴性"}, "answer": "初次感染结核后4~8周内结核菌素试验可呈阴性", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "缺铁性贫血的改变顺序是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低血清铁—贫血一骨髓贮存铁减少", "B": "低血清铁—骨髓贮存铁减少一贫血", "C": "骨髓贮存铁减少—贫血—低血清铁", "D": "骨髓贮存铁减少—低血清铁—贫血"}, "answer": "骨髓贮存铁减少—低血清铁—贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项不是佐剂应有的生物学作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "可特异性地增强免疫功能", "B": "提高抗体的滴度", "C": "改变循环抗体的类型", "D": "促进炎症的发生"}, "answer": "可特异性地增强免疫功能", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小血管损伤后,血栓正确定位于损伤部位是血小板的哪一种生理特征?(  )", "options": {"A": "聚集", "B": "黏附", "C": "收缩", "D": "释放"}, "answer": "黏附", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.甲状腺功能低下的表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "眼距增宽,皮肤粗糙,智力落后", "B": "身材矮小,四肢短粗,智力正常", "C": "兴奋哭闹,前囟闭合晚,长骨临时钙化带消失", "D": "消瘦,腹胀,排便困难"}, "answer": "眼距增宽,皮肤粗糙,智力落后", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男婴,40天,过期产,出生后第3天出现黄疸,至今尚未完全消退。生后少哭,少动。吃奶尚可,大便2天1次,色黄。腹软较胀,有脐疝,肝肋下2cm.血清总胆红素170μmol/L,结合胆红素21μmol/L,血红蛋白110g/L,红细胞3.8×109/L。3.应及时给予何种治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "外科手术", "B": "护肝利胆类药物", "C": "甲状腺素片口服", "D": "应用抗病毒药"}, "answer": "甲状腺素片口服", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "决定肾结核的治疗方法,除全身情况外主要依据(  )。", "options": {"A": "膀胱刺激症状", "B": "血尿程度", "C": "膀胱镜检查所见", "D": "静脉尿路造影或逆行肾盂造影"}, "answer": "静脉尿路造影或逆行肾盂造影", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "最有助于提示患者左心衰竭的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "舒张早期奔马律", "B": "开瓣音", "C": "心包叩击音", "D": "主动脉瓣第二心音亢进"}, "answer": "舒张早期奔马律", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "齿状线是直肠肛管的重要分界线,许多解剖结构中,不以齿状线为分界的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直肠上动脉、直肠下动脉与肛管动脉", "B": "直肠上静脉丛与直肠下静脉丛", "C": "局部的交感、副交感神经与阴部神经", "D": "直肠上静脉、直肠下静脉与肛管静脉"}, "answer": "直肠上静脉、直肠下静脉与肛管静脉", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是脱敏治疗的最佳适应证?(  )", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "恐怖症", "C": "躁狂症", "D": "强迫症"}, "answer": "恐怖症", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "严重肝功能不全的病人不宜用(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲泼尼龙", "B": "氢化可的松", "C": "泼尼松龙", "D": "泼尼松"}, "answer": "泼尼松", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某幼儿园小朋友,3岁,以发热、咽痛、呼吸困难入院。查体:体温38.5℃,咽部及扁桃体有一层灰白色膜,心率103次/分。实验室检查:白细胞23×109/L,初诊为白喉,治疗原则为(  )。", "options": {"A": "注射白喉抗毒素", "B": "注射白喉抗毒素及抗生素", "C": "注射白喉类毒素及抗生素", "D": "注射青霉素或红霉素"}, "answer": "注射白喉抗毒素及抗生素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是Ⅱ型超敏反应的特征?(  )", "options": {"A": "由IgG介导", "B": "与NK细胞无关", "C": "与巨噬细胞无关", "D": "不破坏细胞"}, "answer": "由IgG介导", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "别嘌呤醇治疗痛风的机制是抑制?(  )", "options": {"A": "黄嘌呤氧化酶", "B": "鸟嘌呤脱氢酶", "C": "尿酸氧化酶", "D": "黄嘌呤脱氢酶"}, "answer": "黄嘌呤氧化酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "胃酸分泌增多较明显的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性浅表性胃炎", "B": "十二指肠溃疡", "C": "反流性食管炎", "D": "胃溃疡"}, "answer": "十二指肠溃疡", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "可通过性传播的病毒是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CMV", "B": "HIV", "C": "HSV", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5.含维生素B6的辅酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "NAD", "B": "FAD", "C": "磷酸吡哆醛", "D": "TPP"}, "answer": "磷酸吡哆醛", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有一名30岁男性患者,病程4个月,头痛发作入院。入院前出现左侧肢体无力和呕吐。入院查体:意识清,眼底视乳头水肿,左上下肢肌力Ⅳ级,腱反射活跃,病理征(+)。3.根本治疗原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "给予镇痛剂", "B": "脱水治疗", "C": "冬眠物理降温", "D": "去病因治疗"}, "answer": "去病因治疗", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.小剂量糖皮质激素替代治疗用于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾病综合征", "B": "肾上腺皮质次全切除后", "C": "慢性肾炎", "D": "中毒性菌痢"}, "answer": "肾上腺皮质次全切除后", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "54岁男性,上午在全麻下行食管癌切除吻合术,晚8点突然发热39℃,最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "切口感染", "B": "切口裂开", "C": "肺不张", "D": "吻合口瘘"}, "answer": "肺不张", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "发生急性心肌梗死后,预防左室重构的药物为(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡托普利", "B": "美托洛尔", "C": "维拉帕米", "D": "肼苯达嗪"}, "answer": "卡托普利", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.急性右心室ST段抬高型心肌梗死慎用(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯吡格雷", "B": "呋塞米", "C": "阿司匹林", "D": "低分子肝素"}, "answer": "呋塞米", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "15岁女中学生,月经周期7~10天/20~45天。本次月经持续10多天未净,量多。基础体温呈“单相”型。首选下述哪项治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "止血敏肌内注射", "B": "雌、孕激素序贯疗法", "C": "大量雄激素治疗", "D": "大量孕激素治疗"}, "answer": "雌、孕激素序贯疗法", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.符合大叶性肺炎炎症特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "以浆液渗出为主", "B": "以纤维素渗出为主", "C": "以淋巴细胞渗出为主", "D": "以中性粒细胞渗出为主"}, "answer": "以纤维素渗出为主", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有关酶Km值的叙述恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Km值是酶-底物复合物的解离常数", "B": "Km值与酶的结构无关", "C": "Km值与底物的性质无关", "D": "Km值等于最大反应速度一半时的底物浓度"}, "answer": "Km值等于最大反应速度一半时的底物浓度", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.甲型和乙型流感病毒基因组是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单股负链线状RNA,不分节段含有5个结构基因", "B": "正链线状RNA,含有三个结构基因和至少七个调节基因", "C": "单股负链RNA,分为8个节段", "D": "单股负链RNA,可分为7个节段"}, "answer": "单股负链RNA,分为8个节段", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.骨软骨瘤可见到(  )。", "options": {"A": "局部肿块,无触痛,外伤后始发现", "B": "多发生于扁平骨及不规则骨", "C": "发病后迅速出现瘫痪", "D": "病理性骨折后可自愈"}, "answer": "局部肿块,无触痛,外伤后始发现", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,3岁,发热半月余,咳嗽、乏力、消瘦、盗汗。查体发现双肺呼吸音粗,X线检查提示为原发综合征,“OT”试验“+++”。1.该病基本病理改变为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肿胀、渗出、坏死", "B": "肿胀、渗出、增殖", "C": "渗出、增殖、坏死", "D": "渗出、增殖、硬化"}, "answer": "渗出、增殖、坏死", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不符合脊柱外伤与脊髓损伤的关系的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "屈曲型骨折脱位造成骨髓损伤最多见", "B": "胸椎较固定,所以胸椎骨的脱位多无脊髓损伤", "C": "脊髓损伤节段与椎骨受伤平面不一致", "D": "椎管狭窄患者,脊柱创伤更易发生脊髓损伤"}, "answer": "胸椎较固定,所以胸椎骨的脱位多无脊髓损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述蛋白质通过凝胶过滤层析柱时,最先被洗脱的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清蛋白(相对分子质量:68500)", "B": "Mb(相对分子质量:68500)", "C": "马肝过氧化氢酶(相对分子质量:247500)", "D": "牛胰岛素(Mr:5700)"}, "answer": "马肝过氧化氢酶(相对分子质量:247500)", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于慢性纤维空洞型肺结核的描述哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺内可见一个或多个厚壁空洞", "B": "病变仅限于同侧肺下叶", "C": "空洞壁内层为干酪样坏死物", "D": "可演变为硬化型肺结核"}, "answer": "病变仅限于同侧肺下叶", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "原发性高血压时细动脉可逆性病理改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血管壁平滑肌萎缩", "B": "血管纤维化", "C": "血管痉挛", "D": "内膜下蛋白性物质沉积"}, "answer": "血管痉挛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为内源性凝血途径的始动因子?(  )", "options": {"A": "因子Ⅻ", "B": "因子Ⅲ", "C": "因子Ⅹ", "D": "因子Ⅶ"}, "answer": "因子Ⅻ", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.肾小球呈微小病变性改变多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "A组β溶血性链球菌感染", "B": "急性肾小球肾炎", "C": "原发性单纯性肾病综合征", "D": "肾炎性肾病"}, "answer": "原发性单纯性肾病综合征", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于躯体感染性疾病所致精神障碍的共同特点,下列描述不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "起病较急。病程发展常起伏不定", "B": "精神症状通常与感染性躯体疾病平行消长", "C": "大多预后不良", "D": "处理中最重要的是治疗原发疾病"}, "answer": "大多预后不良", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.颅中窝骨折(  )。", "options": {"A": "鼻流血", "B": "双眼睑皮下青紫,逐渐加重,出现熊猫眼征", "C": "脑脊液耳漏", "D": "颞部头皮肿胀瘀血"}, "answer": "脑脊液耳漏", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.双下肢周围性瘫痪的病变部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓颈膨大", "B": "脊髓圆锥", "C": "脊髓高颈段", "D": "马尾"}, "answer": "马尾", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.根据抗原受体的类型可将T细胞分为(  )。", "options": {"A": "αβT细胞和γδT细胞", "B": "初始T细胞和记忆性T细胞", "C": "Th、Ts、Tc和TDTH细胞", "D": "Th0、Th1、Th2和Th3细胞"}, "answer": "αβT细胞和γδT细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,58岁,渐发性双上肢震颤、活动不利半年。既往体健,无慢性疾病史。头颅MRI无异常发现。查体:面部表情呆滞,四肢肌张力增高,齿轮样,双上肢向前平伸时可见4或5次/分钟震颤,双手指鼻试验正常。2.下列哪项为最可能的发病机制?(  )", "options": {"A": "纹状体内多巴胺受体功能增强", "B": "纹状体内多巴胺含量减少", "C": "纹状体内乙酰胆碱含量增加", "D": "纹状体内乙酰胆碱受体功能减低"}, "answer": "纹状体内多巴胺含量减少", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "阿托品的作用不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "眼内压下降", "B": "心率加快", "C": "视力模糊", "D": "扩瞳"}, "answer": "眼内压下降", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,36岁。慢性肾衰竭4年。1周来水肿加重伴恶心、呕吐、胸痛、呼吸困难。查体:T 38.1℃,BP 180/100mmHg,心前区可闻及心包摩擦音。血红蛋白63g/L,血尿素氮28.6mmol/L,肌酐870.9μmol/L。1.此患者病情危重的主要表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压", "B": "呼吸困难", "C": "贫血", "D": "水肿"}, "answer": "呼吸困难", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于维拉帕米的叙述,哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "可用于治疗高血压", "B": "可用于治疗心绞痛", "C": "可用于治疗阵发性室上性心动过速", "D": "禁用于心房纤颤的病人"}, "answer": "禁用于心房纤颤的病人", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.白喉毒素致病机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制细胞蛋白质的合成", "B": "封闭抑制性神经元,导致肌肉痉挛", "C": "激活腺苷酸环化酶,使胞内cAMP上升,促进肠黏膜分泌功能增强", "D": "刺激呕吐中枢及肠壁,导致呕吐和腹泻"}, "answer": "抑制细胞蛋白质的合成", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于CIN的描述下列哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "CIN属于早期癌", "B": "CINⅢ即原位癌", "C": "CINⅠ级等于不典型增生Ⅰ级", "D": "CINⅡ级等于不典型增生Ⅱ级"}, "answer": "CIN属于早期癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述有关减速性损伤引起对冲伤的机制,哪项不准确?(  )", "options": {"A": "与颅骨变形即受伤瞬间颅骨纵轴变短有关", "B": "脑组织在颅内的大块运动造成对冲部位的负压是关键原因", "C": "脑组织在颅内的大块运动与颅底发生摩擦冲撞可能是主要原因", "D": "与脑组织在颅腔内的旋转运动有关"}, "answer": "脑组织在颅内的大块运动造成对冲部位的负压是关键原因", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于“投射性测验”,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "与精神分析的理论有关", "B": "测验的意图不易被发现", "C": "测验材料意义不明确", "D": "没有特定的评分方法"}, "answer": "没有特定的评分方法", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "术前常规禁食的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "禁食4小时,禁水2小时", "B": "禁食10小时,禁饮3小时", "C": "禁食10小时,禁饮3小时", "D": "禁食l2小时,禁饮4小时"}, "answer": "禁食l2小时,禁饮4小时", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,35岁。镜下血尿伴蛋白尿3年。辅助检查:尿RBC 20~25/HP,为异形红细胞,尿蛋白定量1.5g/d;血肌酐90μmol/L;B超示双肾大小正常。为明确诊断,需要进一步采取的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾活检", "B": "尿培养", "C": "ANCA", "D": "腹部X线平片"}, "answer": "肾活检", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.缓进型高血压病(  )。", "options": {"A": "细动脉玻璃样变", "B": "大中动脉纤维素样坏死及风湿小体形成", "C": "小动脉炎,指趾尖端形成米粒大有明显压痛的结节", "D": "细小动脉纤维素样坏死"}, "answer": "细动脉玻璃样变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,77岁,胆囊切除术后第2天,自觉憋气、痰多、发热、腹痛。体检:心率100次/min,心电图无特殊发现。查血常规示白细胞17×109/L。1.为进一步诊断。应做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "站立位腹部平片", "B": "胸片", "C": "痰培养", "D": "心肌酶谱"}, "answer": "胸片", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "申请输血应由经治医师逐项填写《临床输血申请单》后由谁核准签字?(  )", "options": {"A": "主治医师", "B": "院长", "C": "其他医生", "D": "患者家属"}, "answer": "主治医师", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列关于卫生服务需求不正确的选项是(  )。", "options": {"A": "需求与需要的实质是一致的", "B": "需求可以由需要转化而来", "C": "需求与消费者的支付能力成正比", "D": "需求与消费者的购买意向成正比"}, "answer": "需求与需要的实质是一致的", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.炎症局部血管扩张,血流加快。表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "红", "B": "肿", "C": "痛", "D": "功能障碍"}, "answer": "红", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.具有C3b受体的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肥大细胞", "B": "NK", "C": "DC", "D": "中性粒细胞"}, "answer": "中性粒细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪一项不是乳癌的临床表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "癌块表面皮肤凹陷", "B": "肿块表面光滑,活动度良好", "C": "橘皮样外观", "D": "最早表现为无痛,单发小肿块"}, "answer": "肿块表面光滑,活动度良好", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.梦的分析属(  )。", "options": {"A": "行为疗法", "B": "询者中心疗法", "C": "支持疗法", "D": "精神分析"}, "answer": "精神分析", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.感受性低,耐受性高,速度快但不灵活(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆汁质", "B": "抑郁质", "C": "多血质", "D": "黏液质"}, "answer": "胆汁质", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心力衰竭病人行择期手术应在心衰控制几周后进行?(  )", "options": {"A": "1~2周", "B": "3~4周", "C": "7~8周", "D": "9~10周"}, "answer": "3~4周", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是风湿病中最具诊断意义的病变?(  )", "options": {"A": "心内膜纤维组织增生", "B": "胶原纤维的纤维素样变性", "C": "Aschoff小体形成", "D": "心包脏层纤维素渗出"}, "answer": "Aschoff小体形成", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,40岁。右下肢肿胀,剧痛3小时。1天前用粪便在农田施肥时,右足被扎伤,半夜感胀裂样痛,症状加重,出现下肢肿胀,皮肤有紫红变成黑紫、水肿有水泡。查体:局部皮下有捻发音,伤口处有恶臭的血性浆液渗出。最可能的致病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙型溶血性链球菌", "B": "表皮葡萄球菌", "C": "梭状芽胞杆菌", "D": "结核杆菌"}, "answer": "梭状芽胞杆菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,9岁。未进早餐入校锻炼,半小时后四肢无力,平卧于地上,勉强翻身。血钾5.6mmol/L。注射葡萄糖酸钙后症状缓解消失。一年中类似发作5次。可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高钾血症", "B": "低血糖", "C": "吉兰巴雷综合征", "D": "周期性瘫痪"}, "answer": "周期性瘫痪", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "参与构成蛋白质合成场所的RNA是(  )。", "options": {"A": "信使RNA", "B": "核糖体RNA", "C": "核内小RNA", "D": "催化性RNA"}, "answer": "核糖体RNA", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "病人在饮食中尝到一种奇怪特殊的味道,实际不存在是(  )。", "options": {"A": "幻触", "B": "幻味", "C": "错觉", "D": "假性幻觉"}, "answer": "幻味", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,45岁。间断,上腹部不适1年。血Hb 85g/L,粪隐血(+)。黏膜活组织病理检查:慢性炎症,间质中见散在印戒细胞。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化性溃疡", "B": "慢性肥厚性胃炎", "C": "慢性萎缩性胃炎", "D": "胃癌"}, "answer": "胃癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列不属于性传播疾病的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋病", "B": "尖锐湿疣", "C": "软下疳", "D": "乙肝"}, "answer": "乙肝", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,74岁,右侧腹股沟区可复性肿块8年。查体:患者直立时,在腹股沟内侧端、耻骨结节上外方有一4cm×4cm半球形肿物,来进入阴囊,平卧后自行消失。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "隐睾", "B": "交通性鞘膜积液", "C": "腹股沟斜疝", "D": "腹股沟直疝"}, "answer": "腹股沟直疝", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "最常发生湿性坏疽的器官是(  )。", "options": {"A": "四肢", "B": "肝", "C": "脾", "D": "肺"}, "answer": "肺", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,35岁,因多食、肥胖、闭经、血糖高1年就诊。查体:身高160cm,体重75kg,腹部、臀部脂肪堆积,紫纹(+),血压170/100mmHg。血糖10.mmol/L。初步诊断为皮质醇增多症。2.进一步确定是否为Cushing病,下列哪一项检查没有意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "ACTH兴奋试验", "B": "小剂量地塞米松抑制试验", "C": "大剂量地塞米松抑制试验", "D": "甲吡酮试验"}, "answer": "小剂量地塞米松抑制试验", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某县在1999年春的义务献血活动中,除了公民个人献血外,党政机关、驻军官兵外,中小学教师及部分学生也以单位组织献血。其中不属于国家提倡的献血年龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "17周岁", "B": "49周岁", "C": "30周岁", "D": "55周岁"}, "answer": "17周岁", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项为神经-肌肉接头处的化学递质?(  )", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素", "B": "去甲肾上腺素", "C": "乙酰胆碱", "D": "7-氨基丁酸"}, "answer": "乙酰胆碱", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.拔牙术中及术后早期可以出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "败血症", "B": "菌血症", "C": "非特异性感染", "D": "特异性感染"}, "answer": "菌血症", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于人免疫球蛋白制剂,下述哪项是错误的(  )。", "options": {"A": "可用于病毒性疾病的预防", "B": "可用于免疫缺陷病的治疗", "C": "只含IgG类抗体", "D": "一般为多价抗血清"}, "answer": "只含IgG类抗体", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于细菌内毒素的描述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "由革兰氏阴性菌裂解产生", "B": "化学成分为脂多糖", "C": "耐热160℃,2~4小时才被破坏", "D": "抗原性强,经甲醛处理可制成类毒素"}, "answer": "抗原性强,经甲醛处理可制成类毒素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,20岁。3天前受凉后出现咳嗽、咳白黏痰,发热39℃,胸片示左下肺大片渗出影,予青霉素静点,如有效则最先出现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸片示片状阴影消散", "B": "咳嗽好转", "C": "体温降至正常", "D": "痰色转黄"}, "answer": "体温降至正常", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,60岁,走路时双脚有踩棉花感,睁眼站立稍不稳,Romber征极明显,双下肢音叉振动觉缺失,病变部位在(  )。", "options": {"A": "小脑", "B": "脊髓侧索", "C": "脊髓后角", "D": "大脑额叶"}, "answer": "脊髓后角", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "前置胎盘的常见致病因素不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫内膜炎", "B": "双胎妊娠", "C": "多次刮宫史", "D": "初孕妇"}, "answer": "初孕妇", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "营养性缺铁性贫血,血象特点为(  )。", "options": {"A": "RBC比Hb减少明显", "B": "正细胞低色素性贫血", "C": "RBC中心浅染区正常", "D": "网织RBC数正常或轻度减少"}, "answer": "网织RBC数正常或轻度减少", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.血液凝固的实质是生成了上述哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "Na+", "B": "白蛋白", "C": "球蛋白", "D": "纤维蛋白"}, "answer": "纤维蛋白", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "长期的负性情绪,可能导致心身疾病的发生,是因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "负性情绪可以对人的神经、内分泌和免疫系统产生不良影响", "B": "负性情绪可使人体免疫功能低下", "C": "负性情绪可使交感神经兴奋", "D": "负性情绪对某一器官产生不良影响"}, "answer": "负性情绪可以对人的神经、内分泌和免疫系统产生不良影响", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "Felty综合症引起的中性粒细胞减少的最可能机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生成减少", "B": "免疫性破坏过多", "C": "非免疫性破坏过多", "D": "分布异常"}, "answer": "免疫性破坏过多", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "心源性哮喘与支气管哮喘的不同在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏无特殊体征", "B": "肺部听诊哮鸣音", "C": "慢性、阵发性发作史", "D": "咳粉红色泡沫痰"}, "answer": "咳粉红色泡沫痰", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对重症急性胰腺炎的诊断最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部B超", "B": "增强CT扫描", "C": "MRI", "D": "腹部透视"}, "answer": "增强CT扫描", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有关低血糖症的论述中,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低血糖可伴有精神症状", "B": "部分2型糖尿病可表现为低血糖", "C": "胰岛素瘤较少出现空腹低血糖", "D": "腺垂体功能减退低血糖时血胰岛素升高"}, "answer": "低血糖可伴有精神症状", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "观察小儿结核菌素试验结果的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "72~96小时", "B": "48~72小时", "C": "24~47小时", "D": "1~11小时"}, "answer": "48~72小时", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.梅毒的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "苍白密螺旋体", "B": "单纯疱疹病毒", "C": "革兰阴性双球菌", "D": "钩端螺旋体"}, "answer": "苍白密螺旋体", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "极低出生体重儿的标准是指婴儿出生后1小时内的体重低于(  )。", "options": {"A": "2000g", "B": "800g", "C": "1500g", "D": "2500g"}, "answer": "1500g", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "依据心理学的理论和方法对人的心理品质及水平做出的鉴定称(  )。", "options": {"A": "心理测量", "B": "心理测验", "C": "心理调查", "D": "心理评估"}, "answer": "心理评估", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "腰间盘突出症下肢放射痛最常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "坐骨神经分布区", "B": "股神经分布区", "C": "闭孔神经分布区", "D": "股外侧皮神经分布区"}, "answer": "坐骨神经分布区", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.葡萄球菌肺炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "稽留高热", "B": "弛张高热", "C": "不发热", "D": "热型不定"}, "answer": "弛张高热", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.卡介苗初种年龄(  )。", "options": {"A": "出生后2~3天至2个月", "B": "2个月", "C": "3个月以上", "D": "8个月"}, "answer": "出生后2~3天至2个月", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "腰间盘突出症下肢放射痛最常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "坐骨神经分布区", "B": "股神经分布区", "C": "阴部神经分布区", "D": "股外侧皮神经分布区"}, "answer": "坐骨神经分布区", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "6个月女婴,中度脱水,酸中毒,经纠正酸中毒与补液,12小时后出现嗜睡,呼吸较前为浅,心音低钝,心率160次/分,腹胀,肠鸣音弱,血钠为135mmol/L。3.输液的成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2:1含钠液20ml/kg", "B": "5%碳酸氢钠5ml/kg", "C": "10%氯化钾3ml/kg", "D": "1,6-二磷酸果糖3ml/kg"}, "answer": "10%氯化钾3ml/kg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "如遇一位异种动物血清过敏者(仍需注破伤风抗毒素)应当采取下列哪项措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "用脱敏药后再注射", "B": "停止注射", "C": "少量多次注射", "D": "一次性皮下注射"}, "answer": "少量多次注射", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "6.激活蛋白激酶C需(  )。", "options": {"A": "cGMP", "B": "磷脂酰丝氨酸", "C": "IP3", "D": "GSH"}, "answer": "磷脂酰丝氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "残气量与肺活量之和等于(  )。", "options": {"A": "深吸气量", "B": "肺总量", "C": "用力呼气量", "D": "功能残气量"}, "answer": "肺总量", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,48岁。接触性出血3个月,妇科检查:宫颈呈糜烂状,宫体大小正常,活动好,双侧附件区无异常,三合诊(-),阴道镜下活检病理示鳞状细胞癌,间质浸润深度6mm。2.最适宜的手术方式为(  )。", "options": {"A": "筋膜内子宫全切术加盆腔淋巴结切除术", "B": "改良广泛子宫切除术加盆腔淋巴结切除术", "C": "宫颈锥切术加盆腔淋巴结切除术", "D": "子宫全切术"}, "answer": "筋膜内子宫全切术加盆腔淋巴结切除术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,42岁。劳力性胸闷、气促3年,胸骨左缘第3肋间闻及收缩期杂音。首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部CT", "B": "心电图", "C": "冠脉造影", "D": "超声心动图"}, "answer": "超声心动图", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.血浆晶体渗透压主要来自血浆的(  )。", "options": {"A": "Na+", "B": "葡萄糖", "C": "球蛋白", "D": "纤维蛋白"}, "answer": "Na+", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "28岁女性患者诊为缺铁性贫血,口服铁剂治疗14天,血红蛋白由80g/L升至85g/L,网织红细胞2%,进一步治疗应该是(  )。", "options": {"A": "改服泼尼松", "B": "改用肌肉注射铁剂", "C": "继续口服铁剂", "D": "加用维生素B12"}, "answer": "继续口服铁剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,60岁。接触性出血半年。妇科检查:外阴阴道未见异常,宫颈肥大糜烂、质脆,子宫及双附件未见异常。1.为明确诊断,首选的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "诊断性刮宫", "B": "HPV检测", "C": "宫颈细胞学检查", "D": "宫颈多点活检"}, "answer": "宫颈多点活检", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.肱骨外上髁炎主要体征为(  )。", "options": {"A": "4字试验阳性", "B": "伸肌腱牵拉试验(Mills)阳性", "C": "杜加征(Dugas)阳性", "D": "直腿抬高试验(Lasegue)阳性"}, "answer": "伸肌腱牵拉试验(Mills)阳性", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,26岁,突然意识不清,跌倒,全身强直数秒钟后抽搐,咬破舌。2min后抽搐停止。醒后活动正常。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑血栓", "B": "蛛网膜下腔出血", "C": "癫痫", "D": "脑出血"}, "answer": "癫痫", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.骨盆入口呈横椭圆形,骨盆侧壁直,坐骨棘不突出,耻骨弓较宽,属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "女型骨盆", "B": "男型骨盆", "C": "扁平型骨盆", "D": "均小骨盆"}, "answer": "女型骨盆", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.女,15岁,今日学校组织郊游,在外进餐。晚上回家后突然感觉上腹疼痛,不向四周放射。伴恶心,呕吐,不想吃东西,腹泻5次,来院门诊。检查:腹软,上腹部有轻度压痛,无反跳痛,肠鸣音亢进,体温:37℃。诊断为急性胃肠炎。病人可给上述何药止痛(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛果芸香碱", "B": "氯解磷定", "C": "阿托品", "D": "异丙托溴铵"}, "answer": "阿托品", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,29岁。排便时肛门剧痛1周,有鲜血滴入便池,排便后肛门疼痛加重。造成便后肛门疼痛加重的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "截石位的12点处神经敏感", "B": "肛门括约肌痉挛", "C": "粪便干燥,排便用力过度", "D": "继发肛窦炎"}, "answer": "肛门括约肌痉挛", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项不是肠套叠症状?(  )", "options": {"A": "果酱样血便", "B": "阵发性腹痛", "C": "早期出现高热", "D": "腹部可触及腊肠样肿块"}, "answer": "早期出现高热", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.上述物质有助于防止动脉粥样硬化的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳糜微粒", "B": "低密度脂蛋白", "C": "中间密度脂蛋白", "D": "高密度脂蛋白"}, "answer": "高密度脂蛋白", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "与自发性蛛网膜下隙出血发病最不相关的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑血管畸形范围", "B": "性别", "C": "血压上升的程度", "D": "颅内压力的变化"}, "answer": "性别", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "缺O2引起的呼吸加深加快主要是通过什么感受器引起的(  )。", "options": {"A": "刺激中枢化学感受器转而兴奋呼吸中枢", "B": "刺激主动脉弓、颈动脉窦压力感受器", "C": "刺激主动脉体、颈动脉体压力感受器", "D": "刺激主动脉体、颈动脉体化学感受器"}, "answer": "刺激主动脉体、颈动脉体化学感受器", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,24岁。近2个月出现四肢关节疼痛伴皮肤结节、红斑。10天前发热,最高体温38℃,咳嗽、咳少量痰,胸部X线片示右上肺斑片状影伴空洞形成,该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺脓肿", "B": "肺结核", "C": "肺囊肿继发感染", "D": "细菌性肺炎"}, "answer": "肺结核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "成人活动时脑电波主要表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "γ波", "B": "β波", "C": "θ波", "D": "κ波"}, "answer": "β波", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肾小球源性血尿的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "变形红细胞尿", "B": "尿痛伴血尿", "C": "初始血尿", "D": "有凝血块的尿"}, "answer": "变形红细胞尿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,40岁。右上腹胀痛伴畏寒、发热2天,巩膜黄染1天。查体:T 39℃,P 100次/min,右上腹部压痛、反跳痛及肌紧张明显,肝区叩击痛阳性。血WBC 18.2×109/L,N 0.85。B超示示胆囊及胆总管结石。该患者最可能感染的致病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "草绿色链球菌", "B": "大肠埃希菌", "C": "铜绿假单胞菌", "D": "肺炎链球菌"}, "answer": "大肠埃希菌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.首先提出脑死亡标准的国家是(  )。", "options": {"A": "美国", "B": "澳大利亚", "C": "英国", "D": "法国"}, "answer": "美国", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "胎盘早剥出血发生在(  )。", "options": {"A": "底蜕膜", "B": "包蜕膜", "C": "绒毛膜", "D": "胎盘边缘血窦"}, "answer": "底蜕膜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "孕妇于妊娠早期患重症肝炎,正确的处理应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "药物治疗重症肝炎", "B": "肝炎好转后继续妊娠", "C": "治疗肝炎的同时行人工流产术", "D": "治疗肝炎待病情好转行人工流产术"}, "answer": "治疗肝炎的同时行人工流产术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述关于苯妥英钠哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "口服吸收不规则", "B": "用于抗心律失常", "C": "用于癫痫小发作", "D": "用于坐骨神经痛"}, "answer": "用于癫痫小发作", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有机磷农药生产或使用过程中,导致人体中毒的主要途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化道", "B": "粘膜", "C": "呼吸道", "D": "消化道和粘膜"}, "answer": "消化道和粘膜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不属于黏膜相关淋巴组织的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "扁桃体", "B": "支气管相关淋巴组织", "C": "M细胞", "D": "脾"}, "answer": "脾", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.首选哪种药物治疗阵发性室上性心动过速?(  )", "options": {"A": "尼莫地平", "B": "奎尼丁", "C": "维拉帕米", "D": "硝苯地平"}, "answer": "维拉帕米", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.硝苯地平(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯烷胺类", "B": "二氢吡啶类", "C": "苯硫类", "D": "其他类"}, "answer": "二氢吡啶类", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "早产儿使用铁剂预防贫血,从什么月龄开始(  )。", "options": {"A": "1个月", "B": "2个月", "C": "3个月", "D": "5个月"}, "answer": "2个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.上述各项中属于医生违背不伤害原则的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医生检查病人时,由于消毒观念不强,造成交叉感染", "B": "医生满足病人的一切保密要求", "C": "妊娠危及母亲的生命时,医生给予引产", "D": "医生对病人的呼叫或提问给予应答"}, "answer": "医生检查病人时,由于消毒观念不强,造成交叉感染", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪个病变属于癌前病变?(  )。", "options": {"A": "大肠腺瘤", "B": "皮下脂肪瘤", "C": "皮肤纤维瘤", "D": "子宫平滑肌瘤"}, "answer": "大肠腺瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于细胞因子,哪项叙述是错误的(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞因子受体可以是免疫球蛋白基因超家族", "B": "对机体又有利又有害", "C": "相互之间可产生拮抗作用", "D": "可不分泌到胞外起作用"}, "answer": "可不分泌到胞外起作用", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "真菌性脑膜炎时脑脊液氯化物浓度应低于(mmol/L)(  )。", "options": {"A": "150", "B": "140", "C": "130", "D": "120"}, "answer": "120", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.按心理测验的目的和功能可分为(  )。", "options": {"A": "能力测验、人格测验、神经心理测验、评定量表、职业咨询测验", "B": "智力测验、特殊能力测验、成就测验和人格测验", "C": "文字测验和非文字测验", "D": "个别测验和团体测验"}, "answer": "能力测验、人格测验、神经心理测验、评定量表、职业咨询测验", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "腺垂体组织受损时,哪一项激素缺乏的症状出现最早?(  )", "options": {"A": "促性腺激素", "B": "泌乳素", "C": "促肾上腺皮质激素", "D": "生长激素"}, "answer": "促性腺激素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "新生儿日龄4天,在家出生,近1天来拒奶,面灰,手足凉,黄疸迅速加重,白细胞20×109/L,中性粒细胞75%,淋巴细胞25%,血总胆红素222.3μmol/L。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿败血症", "B": "新生儿低血糖", "C": "核黄疸", "D": "新生儿破伤风"}, "answer": "新生儿败血症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,38岁,间歇性水肿10余年,伴恶心,呕吐1周。查血红蛋白80g/L,血压155/110mmHg(20.7/14.7kPa),尿蛋白(++),颗粒管型2或3个/HP,尿比重为1.010~1.012。2.上例病人还应立即做的检查项目是(  )。", "options": {"A": "24h尿蛋白定量", "B": "乙肝病毒全套", "C": "血肌酐、尿素氮", "D": "血胆固醇"}, "answer": "血肌酐、尿素氮", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "感染性心内膜炎需行人工瓣膜置换术的适应证是(  )。", "options": {"A": "并发脑损害", "B": "会黄色葡萄球菌性心内膜炎", "C": "出现Janeway损害", "D": "真菌性心内膜炎"}, "answer": "真菌性心内膜炎", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,30岁,为追求一种快感,每天要口服一些水合氯醛的粉剂。不服则全身不适,精神烦躁。某日因故未能服此药即出现不认识周围人,精神恍惚,曾把暖水瓶的水浇在被子上,声称看见一些虫子在爬。此人患了什么病(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "戒断综合征", "C": "急性脑综合征", "D": "神经衰弱症状群"}, "answer": "戒断综合征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.金黄色葡萄球菌感染,其脓液特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脓液稀薄,淡黄,量较多", "B": "脓液稠厚,黄色,不臭", "C": "脓液淡绿,有甜腥臭", "D": "脓液稠厚有粪臭"}, "answer": "脓液稠厚,黄色,不臭", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,24岁。不洁饮食后腹泻2天,心悸1天。心电图示频发提前发生的宽大畸形QRS波群,时限>0.12s。其最可能发生在心肌细胞的(  )。", "options": {"A": "相对不应期", "B": "快速复极初期", "C": "有效不应期", "D": "超常期"}, "answer": "超常期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "低渗性缺水时,一般不出现下述哪一项改变?(  )", "options": {"A": "口渴明显", "B": "尿内Cl-很少", "C": "恶心、呕吐、肌肉痉挛", "D": "血清Na+降低"}, "answer": "口渴明显", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "高渗性非酮症糖尿病昏迷补液时常选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "低渗盐水", "B": "等渗盐水", "C": "高渗盐水", "D": "葡萄糖液"}, "answer": "等渗盐水", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以下哪项是骨筋膜室综合征最主要的治疗措施(  )。", "options": {"A": "抬高患肢,以利消肿", "B": "做臂位麻醉,解除血管痉挛", "C": "被动按摩,以利消肿", "D": "解除包扎固定物,经观察不见好转,切开筋膜减压"}, "answer": "解除包扎固定物,经观察不见好转,切开筋膜减压", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪个激素更符合异位激素的条件?(  )", "options": {"A": "由肾上腺皮质网状带分泌的睾酮", "B": "由膀胱壁间神经节嗜铬细胞瘤分泌的儿茶酚胺", "C": "由心房细胞分泌的利钠多肽", "D": "由小细胞未分化肺癌分泌的抗利尿激素"}, "answer": "由小细胞未分化肺癌分泌的抗利尿激素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.呈递抗原(  )。", "options": {"A": "NK细胞", "B": "B细胞", "C": "肥大细胞", "D": "细胞毒性T淋巴细胞"}, "answer": "B细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "原发型肺结核的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病变多在肺尖", "B": "支气管淋巴结多不受侵犯", "C": "结核空洞常见", "D": "易引起血行播散"}, "answer": "易引起血行播散", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,34岁,溃疡病穿孔行修补术后10天,体温38℃,黏液便4~6次/d,伴有里急后重及尿频、排尿困难,直肠指诊前壁有肿物。此病人应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌性痢疾", "B": "膀胱炎", "C": "盆腔脓肿", "D": "直肠癌"}, "answer": "盆腔脓肿", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.弥漫型多为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺鳞状细胞癌", "B": "肺小细胞癌", "C": "肺细支气管肺泡细胞癌", "D": "肺未分化癌"}, "answer": "肺细支气管肺泡细胞癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "获得性免疫缺陷综合征患者主要受损的靶细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD8+T细胞", "B": "B1细胞", "C": "CD4+T细胞", "D": "B2细胞"}, "answer": "CD4+T细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是结核病灶清除术最主要的目的?(  )", "options": {"A": "避免使用有肝损害的抗结核药", "B": "缩短疗程,提高疗效,减少合并症", "C": "彻底去除病灶", "D": "减轻全身中毒症状"}, "answer": "缩短疗程,提高疗效,减少合并症", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女孩,8岁,近1周乏力、身体不适、咳嗽剧烈、微热,近3天胸痛及头痛,咳嗽加重,影响睡眠,肺部听诊仅在肺下部局限性呼吸音减低。X线示右肺下部呈云雾状浸润影。此患儿最应考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性支气管肺炎", "B": "病毒性肺炎", "C": "支原体肺炎", "D": "毛细支气管肺炎"}, "answer": "支原体肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肝硬化门脉高压诊断最具有特征性意义的表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹腔积液", "B": "脾大", "C": "出血倾向和贫血", "D": "侧支循环开放"}, "answer": "侧支循环开放", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是肾上腺素与异丙肾上腺素共同的适应证(  )。", "options": {"A": "过敏性休克", "B": "与局麻药配伍,延长局麻药的作用时间", "C": "支气管哮喘", "D": "局部止血"}, "answer": "支气管哮喘", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,6个月,中度脱水酸中毒,经纠正酸中毒与补液12小时后出现嗜睡,呼吸较前为浅,心音低钝,心率160次/分,腹胀,肠鸣音弱,血钠为135mmol/L,应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "低镁血症", "B": "水中毒", "C": "低钾血症", "D": "低钙血症"}, "answer": "低钾血症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "健康维护计划的制定原则不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "以健康为导向", "B": "普适性", "C": "综合利用", "D": "动态性"}, "answer": "普适性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.病人义务是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对病人义务和对社会义务的统一", "B": "自主选择医院、医护人员", "C": "保持和恢复健康,积极配合医疗,支持医学科学研究", "D": "无条件接受人体实验"}, "answer": "保持和恢复健康,积极配合医疗,支持医学科学研究", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.诊断伤寒或副伤寒的肥达反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直接凝集反应", "B": "间接凝集反应", "C": "协同凝集反应", "D": "Coomb’s试验"}, "answer": "直接凝集反应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "伴有糖尿病的水肿病人,不宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "氢氯噻嗪", "B": "氨苯蝶啶", "C": "螺内酯", "D": "乙酰唑胺"}, "answer": "氢氯噻嗪", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,40岁,长期从事办公室工作,弯腰取物时,突感腰部疼痛来诊。体格检查发现被动姿势,腰3~4右椎旁及腰3右横突压痛明显,放射到臂部、腰部,右直腿抬高试验(+),加强试验(-)。应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性腰扭伤", "B": "腰肌劳损", "C": "腰椎管狭窄症", "D": "腰椎间盘突出症"}, "answer": "急性腰扭伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "癫痫的临床诊断大多依据的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "目睹其发作", "B": "脑电图改变", "C": "有无家族史", "D": "确切的病史"}, "answer": "确切的病史", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,65岁。冠心病心绞痛史8年,无高血压史,夜间突发心前区疼痛8小时入院,入院时血压为150/90mmHg。肺部未闻及湿啰音。心电图检查:V1~V3出现异常Q波伴ST段弓背向上抬高。1.最可能的诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "广泛前壁心肌梗死", "B": "急性前间壁心肌梗死", "C": "频发室性早搏", "D": "Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞"}, "answer": "急性前间壁心肌梗死", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "同一物种内遗传背景不同个体之间的移植,称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "异种移植", "B": "自体移植", "C": "同种异基因移植", "D": "原位移植"}, "answer": "同种异基因移植", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,36岁。右下腹痛。腹泻伴纳差、乏力、消瘦、发热5个月余,大便为黄色糊状,3~5次/d,体温37.5~38.0℃。PPD试验阳性。2.下列辅助检查最有助于明确诊断的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结肠镜及活检", "B": "血常规", "C": "X线钡餐", "D": "粪隐血试验"}, "answer": "结肠镜及活检", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "由于大脑局部区域损害,导致智能某方面障碍属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "心因性痴呆", "B": "全面痴呆", "C": "假性痴呆", "D": "部分痴呆"}, "answer": "部分痴呆", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对癫痫发作患者的急救首要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "按压人中", "B": "CT发现病因", "C": "保持呼吸道通畅,防止窒息", "D": "详细询问病史"}, "answer": "保持呼吸道通畅,防止窒息", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在梗阻性黄疸中,鉴别胆总管结石和胰头癌的主要依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血尿淀粉酶变化时间和幅度", "B": "黄疸进行性加重", "C": "肝功能改变分析", "D": "胆囊肿大"}, "answer": "黄疸进行性加重", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一人从一米处跌落,昏迷20分钟后头痛,恶心与呕吐3小时又昏迷。怀疑病情是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑硬膜外血肿", "B": "脑硬膜下血肿", "C": "蛛网膜下腔血肿", "D": "脑内血肿"}, "answer": "脑硬膜外血肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "鹿角形结石引起泌尿道的病理生理改变,最严重的后果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿路梗阻", "B": "尿路上皮恶变", "C": "肾积水", "D": "尿毒症"}, "answer": "尿路上皮恶变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在职业病的危害防治和职业人群健康监护中,不属于第一级预防的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "加强通风排毒", "B": "改革工艺,采用无毒原料", "C": "生产过程机械化、自动化、密闭化", "D": "定期对工人进行体检"}, "answer": "定期对工人进行体检", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "支气管镜检查对下述疾病诊断意义不大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管肺癌", "B": "结节病", "C": "支气管扩张", "D": "肺孢子菌肺炎"}, "answer": "支气管扩张", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,女,5个月,发热3天,体温39℃,查体:一般情况良好,咽充血,耳后淋巴结肿大,心肺无异常,肝脾未触及。若患儿热退后,伴皮疹出现,诊断可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹", "B": "水痘", "C": "风疹", "D": "幼儿急疹"}, "answer": "幼儿急疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,70岁。冠心病、高血压、糖尿病患者。近1个月调整用药为阿司匹林、比索洛尔、辛伐他汀、二甲双胍。近3天双下肢无力及疼痛。双侧足背动脉搏动一致。实验室检查:血CK 2200U/L,cTn 10.01ng/ml,血肌酐368μmol/L。出现双下肢无力及疼痛的最可能原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖尿病", "B": "主动脉夹层", "C": "横纹肌溶解", "D": "腰椎间盘突出症"}, "answer": "横纹肌溶解", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者女性,18岁,颜面、双手、前臂烧伤,起水疱,部分表皮破溃,有淡黄色清亮液体外渗,创面剧痛,估计烧伤面积和深度为(  )。", "options": {"A": "9%浅Ⅱ度", "B": "9%深Ⅱ度", "C": "11%浅Ⅱ度", "D": "14%浅Ⅱ度"}, "answer": "14%浅Ⅱ度", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "9岁男孩,发热3周,膝关节痛1周就诊。查体:T38.2℃,P108次/分,咽无充血,心尖部可闻Ⅲ级收缩期吹风样杂音及舒张期隆隆样杂音,肺腹(-),双膝关节红肿,活动受限。6.对预后估计有重要意义的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "关节炎轻重", "B": "是否有心脏炎", "C": "补体C3是否降低", "D": "血沉增快程度"}, "answer": "是否有心脏炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生(  )。", "options": {"A": "良性肿瘤", "B": "恶性肿瘤", "C": "交界性肿瘤", "D": "癌前病变"}, "answer": "癌前病变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "30岁女性,放置V型宫内节育环3年,来院常规检查。平时月经正常,末次月经10天前,阴道窥器检查未见尾丝。1.应考虑以下哪种可能性?(  )", "options": {"A": "尾丝断裂", "B": "尾丝卷入子宫内", "C": "环异位", "D": "上述都可能存在"}, "answer": "上述都可能存在", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,18岁,农民,夏天在河塘游泳后出现稽留高热4天,伴畏寒、发热、头痛、身痛乏力。查体:体温39.8℃,巩膜及皮肤黄染,结膜充血,皮肤可见出血点,肝肋下1.0cm,脾未及,腹下淋巴结如蚕豆大4个。血象:WBC10.5×109/L,N0.8。血ALT280U/L,血清总胆红素110μmol/L,尿胆红素(+),尿中可见WBC3~5/HP。应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性黄疸型肝炎", "B": "钩端螺旋体病", "C": "伤寒", "D": "疟疾"}, "answer": "钩端螺旋体病", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.哮喘患儿禁用(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖皮质激素类静脉滴注", "B": "抗生素", "C": "心得安", "D": "水合氯醛"}, "answer": "心得安", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "最易引起嵌顿的腹外疝是(  )。", "options": {"A": "股疝", "B": "小儿脐疝", "C": "切口疝", "D": "腹股沟直疝"}, "answer": "股疝", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.肺炎支原体肺炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "常并发肺脓肿、肺大泡", "B": "肺部体征出现晚", "C": "肺部体征常不明显", "D": "常有梗阻性肺气肿、支气管周围炎"}, "answer": "肺部体征常不明显", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心身疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心理社会因素在病因上起主导作用的躯体疾病", "B": "由心理社会因素引起的神经症", "C": "由心理社会因素引起的精神疾病", "D": "由心理社会因素引起的生理反应"}, "answer": "心理社会因素在病因上起主导作用的躯体疾病", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某男,56岁。患冠心病多年,3小时前突然出现下肢剧烈疼痛,行走困难,局部皮肤苍白,查体:双下肢股动脉搏动消失,双股以下皮温低,肌力4级,诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "血栓闭塞性脉管炎", "B": "髂股动脉栓塞", "C": "动脉粥样硬化性闭塞症", "D": "糖尿病性动脉闭塞"}, "answer": "髂股动脉栓塞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.上叙哪项是抑制CDP还原成dCDP的药物(  )。", "options": {"A": "8-氮杂鸟嘌呤", "B": "甲氨蝶呤", "C": "阿糖胞苷", "D": "别嘌呤醇"}, "answer": "阿糖胞苷", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,38岁。突发心悸伴烦躁和胸闷30分钟,四肢发凉,曾出现黑蒙,收入急诊监护病房。查体:BP 70/50mmHg,心率180次/分,心律绝对不齐,心音强弱不等,心脏各瓣膜区未闻及杂音。心电图提示“预激综合征伴心房颤动”。2.在诊疗过程中,该患者突然意识丧失,全身青紫,肢体抽搐。血压测不到,心音消失。心电图QRS-T波完全消失,代之以大小不等、极不均齐的低小波。该患者需立即采取的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心室超速起搏治疗", "B": "同步直流电转复", "C": "非同步直流电除颤", "D": "植入永久起搏器"}, "answer": "非同步直流电除颤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "胚胎期发生宫内病毒感染后可导致多种后果,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎儿宫内死亡", "B": "胎儿性别发生改变", "C": "流产或死胎", "D": "分娩出正常胎儿"}, "answer": "胎儿性别发生改变", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,40岁。行走时右小腿和足部出现间歇性疼痛1年余。近3个月夜间呈持续性疼痛,足趾呈紫黑色,干冷。有吸烟史30余年,每日2包。该患者不应选择的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "热疗", "B": "给予止痛剂及镇静剂", "C": "手术治疗", "D": "高压氧舱治疗"}, "answer": "热疗", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "室间隔缺损患儿,杂音逐渐减弱,P2亢进,可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "分流量大", "B": "合并房间隔缺损", "C": "肺动脉高压", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "肺动脉高压", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于宫颈原位癌的描述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫颈上皮内瘤变即为宫颈原位癌", "B": "异型细胞侵犯宫颈间质血管和淋巴", "C": "异型细胞累及上皮全层,未穿透基底膜", "D": "异型细胞侵犯上皮的1/3~2/3"}, "answer": "异型细胞累及上皮全层,未穿透基底膜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "判断抗精神病药物是否有效需足量使用至少(  )。", "options": {"A": "2周", "B": "3周", "C": "5周", "D": "6周"}, "answer": "6周", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "初产妇,25岁,妊娠39周,临产后产程进展顺利,胎头拨露时,胎心100次/分,应采取什么措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "点滴稀释缩宫素", "B": "立即剖宫产", "C": "吸氧等待自然分娩", "D": "会阴侧切,胎头吸引分娩"}, "answer": "会阴侧切,胎头吸引分娩", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在暴发型流脑休克型的治疗中,经充分扩容、纠酸治疗无效时,血管活性药物应选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "多巴胺", "B": "645-2", "C": "苄胺唑啉", "D": "异丙基肾上腺素"}, "answer": "645-2", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,35岁。尿频、尿急、尿痛及右侧阴囊肿痛6个月。既往有肺结核病史。查体:右侧附睾尾部肿大、质硬、不规则,输精管粗硬,呈“串珠”样。B超提示右侧附睾炎。1.首先应该考虑的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾盂肾炎", "B": "附睾肿瘤", "C": "前列腺炎", "D": "附睾结核"}, "answer": "附睾结核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "构成医疗事故的要件之一是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直接故意", "B": "过失", "C": "意外事件", "D": "紧急避险"}, "answer": "过失", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "麻疹合并肺炎需隔离至少出疹后(  )。", "options": {"A": "5天", "B": "10天", "C": "15天", "D": "21天"}, "answer": "10天", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "细菌性痢疾病理改变最主要的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "盲肠", "B": "回肠末端", "C": "直肠和乙状结肠", "D": "升结肠"}, "answer": "直肠和乙状结肠", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "7岁的男孩,眼睑浮肿4天,伴头痛、眼花,尿呈深茶色2天,儿科就诊,2周前曾患扁桃体炎,经用青霉素治疗好转。2.首选的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B型超声检查", "B": "心电图", "C": "乙肝两对半测定", "D": "尿常规"}, "answer": "尿常规", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.轮状病毒肠炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "大便呈水样便、腥臭味,便常规有白细胞,少量红细胞", "B": "大便呈稀黄色,泡沫较多,可呈豆腐渣样、便常规少量白细胞", "C": "多夏季起病,黏液脓血便,便常规大量白细胞、可见红细胞", "D": "秋季起病,大便呈蛋花汤样、量多、次数多、无腥臭味,便常规偶见白细胞"}, "answer": "秋季起病,大便呈蛋花汤样、量多、次数多、无腥臭味,便常规偶见白细胞", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.颈2~3骨折脱位合并脊髓严重损伤(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即窒息死亡", "B": "四肢全瘫", "C": "上肢屈肘动作存在,伸肘及手的功能丧失,下肢瘫", "D": "下肢弛缓性瘫"}, "answer": "立即窒息死亡", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,30岁。有四肢关节疼痛病史,近半年来,时感心悸,活动后气急,休息后缓解。体检:两颧紫红色,口唇轻度发绀,听诊心尖区闻及舒张期隆隆样杂音,胸骨左缘第3~4肋间可闻及二尖瓣开放拍击音,P2亢进、分裂。3.首选的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "普萘洛尔", "B": "毛花苷丙", "C": "苯妥英钠", "D": "乙酰胆碱"}, "answer": "毛花苷丙", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "脊髓颈膨大横贯性损害引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "双上肢周围性瘫,双下肢中枢性瘫", "B": "四肢中枢性瘫", "C": "单瘫", "D": "偏瘫"}, "answer": "双上肢周围性瘫,双下肢中枢性瘫", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "正常小儿,身高85cm,前囟已闭,头围48cm,乳牙20枚,已会跳并能用简单的语言表达自己的需要,对人、事有喜乐之分。1.该小儿最可能几岁(  )。", "options": {"A": "1岁", "B": "1岁半", "C": "2岁", "D": "2岁半"}, "answer": "2岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "为保障公民临床急救用血的需要,国家提倡并指导择期手术的患者(  )。", "options": {"A": "率先献血", "B": "互助献血", "C": "自愿献血", "D": "自身储血"}, "answer": "自身储血", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.思维破裂是(  )。", "options": {"A": "联想过程缺乏一定方向,概念间缺乏内在联系", "B": "以往经验在记忆中大量脱失", "C": "持续地重复某一单调的语句", "D": "缺乏事实依据,患者却坚信不移的病理信念"}, "answer": "联想过程缺乏一定方向,概念间缺乏内在联系", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,44岁,健康体检发现甲状腺肿大就诊,查体甲状腺对称性Ⅱ度肿太,表面不平,中等硬度,无触痛,无血管杂音,心率78/min,拟诊慢性淋巴性甲状腺炎,有助于确诊的首选检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "TSH、FT3、FT4", "B": "抗甲状腺抗体", "C": "甲状腺B超", "D": "甲状腺吸131Ⅰ率"}, "answer": "抗甲状腺抗体", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,29岁,半小时前从高处跌落,右下肢疼痛,活动受限。查体:神志清楚,右侧大腿、小腿压痛(+),畸形,异常活动。3.若患者生命征稳定,影像学检查示右股骨干多段粉碎性骨折,右胫腓骨多段骨折、明显移位,右侧坐骨及耻骨支骨折、轻度移位。首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "石膏管型固定", "B": "夹板固定", "C": "切开复位内固定", "D": "下肢皮牵引"}, "answer": "切开复位内固定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.男,30岁,因失眠,睡前服用苯巴比要钠100mg,第2天上午呈现宿醉现象这属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "副作用", "B": "毒性反应", "C": "后遗效应", "D": "变态反应"}, "answer": "后遗效应", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性肾小球肾炎起病常在前驱感染后多长时间发病(  )。", "options": {"A": "1周内", "B": "1~3周", "C": "3~4周", "D": "2~4周"}, "answer": "1~3周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.医疗机构对需要转送的病人(  )。", "options": {"A": "应当按照规定将病人及其病历记录的复印件转送至接诊的或者指定的医疗机构", "B": "卫生防护措施,防止交叉感染和污染", "C": "医学观察措施", "D": "应当依法报告所在地的疾病预防控制机构"}, "answer": "应当按照规定将病人及其病历记录的复印件转送至接诊的或者指定的医疗机构", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "帕金森病的主要发病原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丘脑底核受损", "B": "纹状体受损", "C": "大脑皮层运动区受损", "D": "黑质纹状体多巴胺通路受损"}, "answer": "黑质纹状体多巴胺通路受损", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.病毒性肺炎的主要病理学特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "浆液性炎", "B": "纤维素性炎", "C": "出血性炎", "D": "间质性炎"}, "answer": "间质性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "躯体疾病所致精神障碍中,精神药物使用原则(  )。", "options": {"A": "起始量应小,逐渐加量,症状稳定时,逐渐减量", "B": "起始量应小,快速增至治疗量后,维持不变", "C": "起始量应大,症状稳定后逐渐减量", "D": "起始量应大,症状稳定后,快速减量"}, "answer": "起始量应小,逐渐加量,症状稳定时,逐渐减量", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪种组织细胞再生能力最强?(  )", "options": {"A": "骨组织", "B": "神经节细胞", "C": "心肌", "D": "神经胶质细胞"}, "answer": "神经胶质细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "符合萎缩的描述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "萎缩器官不能恢复原状", "B": "萎缩器官间质细胞减少", "C": "萎缩细胞的细胞器减少", "D": "萎缩属不可复性改变"}, "answer": "萎缩细胞的细胞器减少", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "上述哪项是心理测验工作应遵守的原则?(  )", "options": {"A": "真诚、中立、回避", "B": "信度、效度、常模", "C": "客观、保密、标准化", "D": "自主、学习、实效"}, "answer": "客观、保密、标准化", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.引起移植物抗宿主反应的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "受体内有针对供体组织器官的Tc细胞", "B": "供体内预存有抗受体的HLA?Ⅰ类抗原的抗体", "C": "受体内预存有抗供体的ABO血型抗体", "D": "移植物中含有足够数量的免疫细胞"}, "answer": "移植物中含有足够数量的免疫细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.小脑扁桃体疝眼征(  )。", "options": {"A": "左侧瞳孔散大", "B": "双瞳孔散大", "C": "双眼向下凝视", "D": "双眼向右凝视"}, "answer": "双瞳孔散大", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一男婴,营养状况良好,头围46cm,前囟0.5cm,身长75cm。最可能的月龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "8个月", "B": "10个月", "C": "6个月", "D": "12个月"}, "answer": "12个月", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.胎姿势是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎儿先露部的指示点与母体骨盆的关系", "B": "胎儿位置与母体骨盆的关系", "C": "最先进入骨盆入口的胎儿部分", "D": "胎儿在子宫内的姿势"}, "answer": "胎儿在子宫内的姿势", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "新生儿时期最常见的脑膜炎是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒性脑膜炎", "B": "大肠杆菌脑膜炎", "C": "流感嗜血杆菌脑膜炎", "D": "脑膜炎双球菌脑膜炎"}, "answer": "大肠杆菌脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,30岁,左下肢局部皮肤红、肿、热、痛,中央部缺血坏死流出脓液稀薄。粉红色,其致病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "B": "β-溶血性链球菌", "C": "大肠杆菌", "D": "绿脓杆菌"}, "answer": "β-溶血性链球菌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "IDU取出时间一般选择在(  )。", "options": {"A": "月经来潮6小时内", "B": "月经期第5~6日", "C": "月经前4~6日", "D": "月经干净第3~7日"}, "answer": "月经干净第3~7日", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肺炎链球菌性肺炎的治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "头孢曲松", "B": "青霉素", "C": "氨苄西林", "D": "替考拉宁"}, "answer": "青霉素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "成人阑尾切除术后1天出现烦躁、剧烈腹痛,心率112次/分,血压90/60mmHg,腹胀,全腹压痛,肠鸣音弱。为除外腹腔内出血,首要的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B超", "B": "MRI", "C": "腹腔穿刺", "D": "直肠指诊"}, "answer": "腹腔穿刺", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,35岁。1年前出现左眼睑下垂、视物成双,伴四肢无力,休息后减轻,疲劳后加重。半年前出现右眼睑下垂,伴饮水呛咳声音嘶哑。该病的产生机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经-骨骼肌接头处乙酰胆碱释放减少", "B": "终板膜上的乙酰胆碱受体受到破坏", "C": "骨骼肌肌膜上的电压门控Na+通道失活", "D": "运动神经末梢电压门控Ca2+通道失活"}, "answer": "终板膜上的乙酰胆碱受体受到破坏", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "核酸分子杂交可发生在DNA与DNA之间、DNA与RNA之间,那么对于单链DNA5′-CGGTA-3′,下列可与之发生杂交的RNA是(  )。", "options": {"A": "5′-GCCAU-3′", "B": "5′-UACCG-3′", "C": "5′-TAGGC-3′", "D": "5′-TUCCG-3′"}, "answer": "5′-UACCG-3′", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新斯的明最强的作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "兴奋胃肠道平滑肌", "B": "缩小瞳孔", "C": "兴奋骨骼肌", "D": "增加腺体分泌"}, "answer": "兴奋骨骼肌", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.细菌通过性菌毛相互连接沟通,将遗传物质从供体菌转移给受体菌(  )。", "options": {"A": "接合", "B": "转化", "C": "溶源性转换", "D": "原生质体融合"}, "answer": "接合", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.遗传性球形红细胞增多症(  )。", "options": {"A": "酸溶血试验阳性", "B": "抗人球蛋白试验阳性", "C": "红细胞渗透脆性试验阳性", "D": "血红蛋白电泳试验异常"}, "answer": "红细胞渗透脆性试验阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对新生儿窒息进行复苏,最先施行的根本措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "药物治疗", "B": "维持正常循环,保证足够心排出量", "C": "尽量吸净呼吸道黏液", "D": "评价患儿病情"}, "answer": "尽量吸净呼吸道黏液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,24岁,病人13岁时脑外伤昏迷1小时抢救脱险,此后性格有极大变化,易激惹、敏感多疑,20岁结婚后总怀疑丈夫有外遇,凡爱人和女同志接触,即怀疑有不正当关系。因怀疑爱人同事杨某是爱人的情妇,嫉妒不已,让爱人打杨某,遭爱人拒绝,一日发现杨某10岁女儿独自一人,便将其打伤。躯体检查未见异常。其诊断应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "偏执性精神病", "B": "精神分裂症", "C": "脑外伤所致精神障碍", "D": "人格障碍"}, "answer": "脑外伤所致精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,35岁。体检超声提示胆囊内强回声光团,直径0.5mm,后伴声影,随体位改变而移动。既往无右上腹疼痛、发热及黄疸等症状。血常规正常,血糖正常。该患者适当的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体外震波碎石", "B": "给予利胆排石药物", "C": "腹腔镜胆囊切除术", "D": "观察随诊"}, "answer": "观察随诊", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,53岁,近一年来怕脏,不敢倒垃圾,不敢上公共厕所,在街上遇到垃圾车也怕,会反复洗手,自己知道不应该,但不能控制。为此感到苦恼而就诊。2.首选的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丁螺环酮", "B": "利培酮", "C": "氯米帕明", "D": "奥氮平"}, "answer": "氯米帕明", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.先天性垂体功能减退可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "侏儒症", "B": "呆小症", "C": "粘液水肿", "D": "巨人症"}, "answer": "侏儒症", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.直肠癌病人一般情况好,肿块距肛缘8cm,手术时选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "Miles手术", "B": "Dixon手术", "C": "Bacon手术", "D": "Hartmann手术"}, "answer": "Dixon手术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "蛋白质腐败作用的主要产物为(  )。", "options": {"A": "氨、胺类", "B": "苯酚、胺类", "C": "吲哚、氨", "D": "胺类、硫化氢"}, "answer": "氨、胺类", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "脑膜白血病发病机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "化疗方案不彻底,不能杀死白血病细胞", "B": "进入脑组织的白血病细胞对化疗药耐受", "C": "多数化疗药物,不能透过血脑屏障", "D": "化疗不够早,白血病细胞大量繁殖"}, "answer": "多数化疗药物,不能透过血脑屏障", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.患儿,3岁,上午开始流涕、发热,体温最高38.2℃,在家服用小儿退热药及双黄连口服液,吃晚饭时发现患儿面部有皮疹。查体:精神状态良好,耳后、枕部触及黄豆及花生大小淋巴结,有触痛,面、颈及躯干有红色斑丘疹(  )。", "options": {"A": "风疹", "B": "幼儿急疹", "C": "猩红热", "D": "荨麻疹"}, "answer": "风疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.重症急性胰腺炎患者出现血压下降,给予快速补液后,患者可出现的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉血压升高,尿量减少", "B": "动脉血压降低,尿量减少", "C": "动脉血压升高,尿量增加", "D": "动脉血压和尿量无明显变化"}, "answer": "动脉血压升高,尿量增加", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者右侧额纹消失,右侧眼睑不能闭合,右侧鼻唇沟变浅,露齿时口角偏向左侧,可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右侧中枢性面神经麻痹", "B": "右侧周围性面神经麻痹", "C": "左侧周围性面神经麻痹", "D": "双侧周围性面神经麻痹"}, "answer": "右侧周围性面神经麻痹", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列食物中,铁的良好来源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动物肝脏", "B": "鱼", "C": "蛋黄", "D": "大豆"}, "answer": "动物肝脏", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,32岁,发现血压增高3年。近1年血压持续为170~200/130~140mmHg,近1周头痛、视物模糊。眼底检查发现视盘水肿,最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性视盘病变", "B": "恶性高血压", "C": "脑梗死", "D": "高血压脑病"}, "answer": "恶性高血压", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,24岁。右股骨中段粉碎性骨折,手术复位时彻底清除骨折碎片,行钢板内固定。半年后骨折仍未愈合。最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨折碎片清除过多", "B": "骨折处血液循环差", "C": "骨折固定不确定", "D": "功能锻炼不够"}, "answer": "骨折碎片清除过多", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肱骨中下1/3骨折,最易发生的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "正中神经损伤", "B": "尺神经损伤", "C": "桡神经损伤", "D": "肱二头肌断裂伤"}, "answer": "桡神经损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "烧伤包扎疗法的处理,以下选项不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "创面先清创", "B": "先盖一层干纱布", "C": "由肢体近端至远端包扎", "D": "包扎应露出肢端"}, "answer": "由肢体近端至远端包扎", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,33岁。右上腹外伤2小时。查体:P 120次/min,R 28次/min,BP 90/60mmHg。全腹有压痛、反跳痛,以右上腹为著,移动性浊音(+)。最有意义的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部B超", "B": "立位腹部X线平片", "C": "腹部CT", "D": "诊断性腹腔穿刺"}, "answer": "诊断性腹腔穿刺", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对肝癌的临床诊断最具特异性的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝区疼痛", "B": "进行性肝大,质硬", "C": "恶病质", "D": "肺部转移病灶"}, "answer": "进行性肝大,质硬", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项不是正常菌群的致病条件?(  )", "options": {"A": "全身免疫功能低下", "B": "寄生部位改变", "C": "菌群失调", "D": "药物治疗"}, "answer": "药物治疗", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "测量病毒大小的单位为纳米,最大的病毒约为(  )。", "options": {"A": "500nm", "B": "300nm", "C": "150nm", "D": "100nm"}, "answer": "300nm", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "心室颤动时除颤,首次电除颤的能量(  )。", "options": {"A": "360J", "B": "300J", "C": "200J", "D": "100J"}, "answer": "200J", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在确定急性上消化道出血的原因时,不合适的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急诊胃镜", "B": "急诊X线钡剂造影检查", "C": "血常规", "D": "腹部B超"}, "answer": "急诊X线钡剂造影检查", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医师在执业活动中应负有的义务为(  )。", "options": {"A": "参加专业学术团体", "B": "人格尊严、人身安全不受侵犯", "C": "宣传卫生保健知识,对患者进行教育", "D": "享受国家规定的福利待遇"}, "answer": "宣传卫生保健知识,对患者进行教育", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.主要分布在肾脏(  )。", "options": {"A": "酸性磷酸酶", "B": "单胺氧化酶", "C": "乳酸脱氢酶", "D": "谷丙转氨酶"}, "answer": "乳酸脱氢酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.延缓肠道碳水化合物吸收的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "罗格列酮", "B": "阿卡波糖", "C": "格列齐特", "D": "二甲双胍"}, "answer": "阿卡波糖", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.移植物急性排斥(  )。", "options": {"A": "属I型超敏反应性疾病", "B": "属Ⅱ型超敏反应性疾病", "C": "属Ⅲ型超敏反应性疾病", "D": "属Ⅳ型超敏反应性疾病"}, "answer": "属Ⅳ型超敏反应性疾病", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "指出下述哪项属于Ⅲ型超敏反应性疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "枯草热", "B": "SLE", "C": "结核", "D": "青霉索引起的过敏性休克"}, "answer": "SLE", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,32岁。间断上腹痛3年。腹痛多发生在饥饿时,进食后可缓解。查体:T 36.5℃,P 18次/分,R 18次/分,BP 100/60mmHg。双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心律齐,腹软,无压痛。胃镜检查:十二指肠溃疡愈合期,13C尿素呼气试验阳性。最有效的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "奥美拉唑+枸橼酸秘钾+克拉霉素", "B": "西米咪替丁+克拉霉素+左氧氟沙星", "C": "奥美拉唑+阿莫西林+替硝唑+枸橼酸秘钾", "D": "法莫替丁+阿莫西林+克拉霉素+铝碳酸镁"}, "answer": "奥美拉唑+阿莫西林+替硝唑+枸橼酸秘钾", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "深部脓肿的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "局部波动感明显", "B": "局部红、肿、热、痛明显", "C": "局部水肿,压痛明显,穿刺可抽到脓液", "D": "全身中毒症状不明显"}, "answer": "局部水肿,压痛明显,穿刺可抽到脓液", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.乳腺实性癌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癌前病变", "B": "原位癌", "C": "浸润性癌", "D": "炎症"}, "answer": "浸润性癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在下列各项中,违背卫生部颁布的人类辅助生殖技术伦理原则的是使用(  )。", "options": {"A": "捐赠的精子", "B": "亲属代孕", "C": "卵胞浆内单精子注射", "D": "植入前胚胎遗传学诊断"}, "answer": "亲属代孕", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "婴儿腹泻中度脱水时累计损失量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "30~70ml/kg", "B": "40~80ml/kg", "C": "100~120ml/kg", "D": "50~100ml/kg"}, "answer": "50~100ml/kg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某男性患者,20岁,主诉腰背部疼痛半年,两侧骶髂关节交替性疼痛3个月,伴左侧膝、踝关节肿痛,血沉增快,CRP升高。2.为明确诊断,建议行以下检查。但应除外(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨盆+双膝关节正侧位片", "B": "类风湿因子", "C": "血尿酸", "D": "HLA-B27"}, "answer": "血尿酸", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "诊断结核病的确诊依据是?(  )", "options": {"A": "淋巴结穿刺液涂片检查发现结核结节", "B": "胸部CT提示肺门纵隔淋巴结肿大", "C": "体液中找到结核杆菌", "D": "酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测体液的抗结核杆菌抗体阳性"}, "answer": "体液中找到结核杆菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一小儿,身高75cm,体重9kg,头围46cm,此小儿的年龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "9个月", "B": "1岁", "C": "1岁半", "D": "3岁半"}, "answer": "1岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不属于经典内分泌腺的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺", "B": "前列腺", "C": "甲状腺", "D": "垂体"}, "answer": "前列腺", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "脑水肿多产生在肾综合征出血热哪一病期?(  )", "options": {"A": "发热期", "B": "少尿期", "C": "多尿期", "D": "恢复期"}, "answer": "少尿期", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述疾病中,不属于心身疾病的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癌症", "B": "抑郁症", "C": "十二指肠溃疡", "D": "糖尿病"}, "answer": "抑郁症", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "坐位乘车时,急刹车,右膝前方受到撞击,出现右髋剧痛,髋关节运动障碍,处于屈曲、内收、内旋畸形状态。3.应选择哪种治疗方法?(  )", "options": {"A": "Kocher法", "B": "Allis法", "C": "骨牵引", "D": "皮牵引"}, "answer": "Allis法", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,18岁.发热、恶心、呕吐、尿黄5天。化验肝功TBIL 68μmol/L.ALT 480U/L,HAV-IgM阳性,HBsAg阳性,2年前体检发现HBsAg阳性,但多次查肝功均正常。诊断应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性黄疸型乙型病毒性肝炎", "B": "急性黄疸型甲型病毒性肝炎、HBV携带状态", "C": "慢性乙型病毒性肝炎(中度)", "D": "慢性乙型病毒性肝炎(重度)"}, "answer": "急性黄疸型甲型病毒性肝炎、HBV携带状态", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一名血友病男性患儿接受血液制品治疗,5年后体重明显减轻,血清IgG抗HIV抗体阳性,且CD34+T细胞下降。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性白血病", "B": "自身免疫性溶血性疾病", "C": "艾滋病", "D": "重症肝炎"}, "answer": "艾滋病", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.急性肾小球性肾炎的典型表现(  )。", "options": {"A": "水肿、血尿、高血压", "B": "高血压脑病", "C": "无症状性急性肾炎", "D": "慢性肾炎"}, "answer": "水肿、血尿、高血压", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.发热3~4天出疹,出疹期热更高(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹", "B": "风疹", "C": "猩红热", "D": "水痘"}, "answer": "麻疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性患者,67岁,有冠心病史,服双香豆素预防血栓形成,近日因上呼吸道感染服用某种抗感染药,5天后皮下有多处出血点,这种药物可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "TMP", "B": "依诺沙星", "C": "磺胺嘧啶", "D": "氨苄西林"}, "answer": "依诺沙星", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "最有助于确诊肾动脉狭窄的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾动脉造影", "B": "静脉肾盂造影", "C": "放射性核素肾图", "D": "肾动脉核素图"}, "answer": "肾动脉造影", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "每分钟通气量和肺泡通气量之差等于(  )。", "options": {"A": "潮气量×呼吸频率", "B": "功能余气量×呼吸频率", "C": "无效腔气量×呼吸频率", "D": "肺活量×呼吸频率"}, "answer": "无效腔气量×呼吸频率", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.皱额不能(  )。", "options": {"A": "三叉神经损害", "B": "外展神经损害", "C": "动眼神经损害", "D": "面神经损害"}, "answer": "面神经损害", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "构成机体非特异性免疫的因素不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤与黏膜的屏障作用", "B": "血脑和胎盘的屏障作用", "C": "吞噬细胞的吞噬作用", "D": "乳汁中分泌型IgA的作用"}, "answer": "乳汁中分泌型IgA的作用", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "可引起疾病暴发的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "接触传播", "B": "诊疗技术传播", "C": "水和食物传播", "D": "虫媒传播"}, "answer": "水和食物传播", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是抑制胆固醇合成的药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "烟酸", "B": "考来烯胺", "C": "洛伐他汀", "D": "普罗布考"}, "answer": "洛伐他汀", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项不是希波克拉底(Hippocrates)提出的精神?(  )", "options": {"A": "黏液", "B": "脑脊液", "C": "黄胆汁", "D": "黑胆汁"}, "answer": "脑脊液", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,27岁。多食、善饥、大便次数增多,体重下降1个月。经甲巯咪唑治疗1个月后, FT3、FT4正常,TSH 0.01μmol/ml。查体:P 78次/分,BP 120/60mmHg,甲状腺Ⅲ度肿大,左侧明显,气管右偏。1.患者拟行甲状腺手术治疗,术前准备应选择的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左甲状腺素钠", "B": "普萘洛尔", "C": "糖皮质激素", "D": "复方碘溶液"}, "answer": "复方碘溶液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "颅内压增高病人昏迷,治疗呼吸道梗阻最有效的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "气管插管,呼吸机辅助呼吸", "B": "通过鼻腔口腔导管吸痰", "C": "气管切开", "D": "用开口器侧卧位引流"}, "answer": "气管切开", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "动机产生的两个条件是(  )。", "options": {"A": "需要和目的", "B": "需求和目标", "C": "意志与目的", "D": "需要与诱因"}, "answer": "需要与诱因", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "目前用于控制支气管哮喘患者气道高反应最主要的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使用H1受体拮抗剂", "B": "吸入支气管舒张剂", "C": "特异性免疫治疗", "D": "吸入糖皮质激素"}, "answer": "吸入糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "代谢产物由胆汁排入肠道,很少经过肾排泄的磺脲类药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "格列本脲", "B": "格列奇特", "C": "格列波脲", "D": "格列喹酮"}, "answer": "格列喹酮", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于室间隔缺损的临床表现,以下不常见的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消瘦", "B": "气促", "C": "眩晕", "D": "多汗"}, "answer": "眩晕", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于产褥期子宫的表现,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "产后第一日宫底降到脐下一指", "B": "宫底平均每日下降3~4cm", "C": "产后宫缩痛于产后1~2日出现,常需用止痛药", "D": "哺乳可使产后宫缩痛加重"}, "answer": "哺乳可使产后宫缩痛加重", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "测验工具能够测量出其所要测东西的真实程度称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "信度", "B": "效度", "C": "常模", "D": "标准"}, "answer": "效度", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某病人现年53岁,在一次心肌梗死发作后长期卧床,病情好转并且稳定后仍拒绝参加任何活动,每次吃饭要妻子喂食,起床要妻子帮助穿衣。他的行为表现属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人角色行为异常", "B": "病人角色行为强化", "C": "病人角色行为减退", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "病人角色行为强化", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,45岁。G2P2,痛经15年,加重4年。应用止痛药物效果差。妇科检查:子宫后位,如孕3个月大小,质硬,压痛。双侧附件区未及明显异常。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫肥大症", "B": "子宫肉瘤", "C": "子宫腺肌病", "D": "子宫肌瘤"}, "answer": "子宫腺肌病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哪种先天性心脏病是左向右分流型的?(  )", "options": {"A": "动脉导管未闭", "B": "主动脉缩窄", "C": "肺动脉狭窄", "D": "大血管错位"}, "answer": "动脉导管未闭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项不是病人的权利?(  )", "options": {"A": "在任何时候退出人体实验", "B": "拒绝疾病的治疗", "C": "获悉病情", "D": "保护自己所有的隐私"}, "answer": "保护自己所有的隐私", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "与羊水栓塞早期相符的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有妊娠高血压综合征病史", "B": "突然剧烈腹痛", "C": "呼吸困难、咳嗽、发绀等呼吸衰竭", "D": "子宫成板状,胎心消失"}, "answer": "呼吸困难、咳嗽、发绀等呼吸衰竭", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.医师可向夫妻双方提出终止妊娠意见的情况(  )。", "options": {"A": "经查女方乙肝五项HBsAg(+)、抗-HBcAg(+)", "B": "经查胎儿患严重遗传性疾病", "C": "婚前医学检查,女方患慢性肾盂肾炎", "D": "经查只要任何一方乙肝五项HbsAg(+)"}, "answer": "经查胎儿患严重遗传性疾病", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "6个月婴儿,发热1天,体温39℃。查体:一般情况可,咽充血,耳后淋巴结肿大,心肺无异常。如果患儿于发热第4天热退。伴皮疹出现,可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "风疹", "B": "麻疹", "C": "猩红热", "D": "幼儿急疹"}, "answer": "幼儿急疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "佝偻病后遗症期,主要表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "睡眠不安及多汗", "B": "X线长骨骼端呈毛刷状改变", "C": "骨骼畸形", "D": "肌肉韧带松弛"}, "answer": "骨骼畸形", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "近3个月同等程度劳累所诱发的胸痛次数、程度及持续时间均增加,应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "稳定型劳力性心绞痛", "B": "恶化型劳力性心绞痛", "C": "自发性心绞痛", "D": "变异性心绞痛"}, "answer": "恶化型劳力性心绞痛", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "Graves病中,最明显的体液免疫特征是在病人血清中检测出(  )。", "options": {"A": "TSH受体抗体(TRAb)", "B": "甲状腺生长免疫球蛋白(TGI)", "C": "TSH结合抑制免疫球蛋白(TBII)", "D": "甲状腺生长抑制免疫球蛋白(TGII)"}, "answer": "TSH受体抗体(TRAb)", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于洛伐他汀的叙述,哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "是原发性高胆固醇血症、Ⅱ型高脂蛋白血症的首选药", "B": "糖尿病性、肾性高脂血症的首选药", "C": "可降低纯合子家族性高胆固醇血症者的LDL-C", "D": "洛伐他汀是HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂"}, "answer": "可降低纯合子家族性高胆固醇血症者的LDL-C", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "通常所说的血型指(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞膜上的受体类型", "B": "红细胞表面特异凝集原的类型", "C": "血浆中特异凝集素的类型", "D": "血浆中特异凝集原的类型"}, "answer": "红细胞表面特异凝集原的类型", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "中晚期胰头癌的表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "渐进性无痛", "B": "黄疸呈进行性加重", "C": "上腹不适", "D": "隐痛、钝痛"}, "answer": "黄疸呈进行性加重", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "可通过ADCC作用介导细胞毒作用的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "浆细胞", "B": "CTL", "C": "B细胞", "D": "NK细胞"}, "answer": "NK细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "丙咪嗪(米帕明)抗抑郁症的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制脑内NA和5-HT释放", "B": "促进脑内NA和5-HT释放", "C": "促进脑内NA和5-HT再摄取", "D": "抑制脑内NA和5-HT再摄取"}, "answer": "抑制脑内NA和5-HT再摄取", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "28岁经产妇,妊娠37周,双胎妊娠。第一胎儿枕先露自然分娩,第二胎儿间隔6分钟臀位助产娩出,历经10分钟娩出胎盘,随后阴道流血量达700mL,最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫颈裂伤", "B": "凝血功能障碍", "C": "子宫收缩乏力", "D": "胎盘残留"}, "answer": "子宫收缩乏力", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,34岁,皮下结节3年,反复发作性头痛、共济失调4个月。体检:躯干、四肢、头皮下触及多个直径在0.5~1.0cm大小圆形结节,质韧,无触痛,与周围组织无粘连。临床诊断为囊虫病2.该患者CT检查见脑内多个直径<lcm的低密度灶,确诊为脑囊虫病。请问脑囊虫病病原治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿苯达唑", "B": "吡喹酮", "C": "戊脘脒", "D": "氯喹"}, "answer": "阿苯达唑", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "等渗性脱水多源于(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性胃肠炎腹泻,呕吐不止", "B": "慢性肠梗阻", "C": "剧烈运动大量出汗", "D": "低位小肠漏"}, "answer": "急性胃肠炎腹泻,呕吐不止", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项为急性脑病综合征最基本的症状?(  )", "options": {"A": "意识清晰度下降", "B": "谵语", "C": "动作紊乱", "D": "思维不连贯"}, "answer": "意识清晰度下降", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,20岁,发热起病,体温38℃,3天后体温下降伴周身乏力,食欲不振,恶心呕吐。近2天发现尿色深如豆油样,胆红素定量80μmol/L,抗HBs(+),抗HAV IgM(+),巩膜及皮肤中等度黄疸,肝区轻度叩痛,肝肋下触及1.0cm,质软,脾侧卧位未及,胆囊区无压痛。3.此患者目前主要的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "保肝治疗", "B": "卧床休息", "C": "调节免疫功能治疗", "D": "支持治疗"}, "answer": "卧床休息", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "除胰岛素外下列哪个激素与受体结合后不需要G蛋白的参与作用(  )。", "options": {"A": "胰岛素样生长因子Ⅱ", "B": "表皮生长激素", "C": "甲状旁腺激素", "D": "促肾上腺皮质激素"}, "answer": "表皮生长激素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,60岁。确诊为COPD、慢性肺心病失代偿期。实验室检查如下:pH 7.43,PaCO2 58mmHg,PaO2 60mmHg,HCO3- 39mmol/L,K+ 2.89mmol/L,Na+ 135mmol/L,Cl- 86mmol/L。此患者的酸碱失衡类型为(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸性酸中毒", "B": "呼吸性碱中毒", "C": "代谢性酸中毒", "D": "呼吸性酸中毒+代谢性碱中毒"}, "answer": "呼吸性酸中毒+代谢性碱中毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,54岁,右大腿被汽车撞伤1天,中段明显肿胀、压痛,向外成角畸形,皮温高于对侧,体温38 ℃,白细胞正常,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右大腿软组织挫伤", "B": "右股骨骨髓炎", "C": "右股骨干骨折", "D": "右大腿软组织化脓感染"}, "answer": "右股骨干骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.可检测细胞因子分子量的技术是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Western blot", "B": "蛋白质芯片法", "C": "ELISPOT", "D": "免疫共沉淀"}, "answer": "Western blot", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "尿毒症患者血液系统的临床表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "低色素、小细胞性贫血", "B": "白细胞出现中毒颗粒,核左移", "C": "贫血常为中、重度", "D": "促红细胞生成素增加"}, "answer": "贫血常为中、重度", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "神经衰弱的情绪症状主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "烦恼、紧张、易激惹", "B": "情绪低落", "C": "焦虑", "D": "情感淡漠"}, "answer": "烦恼、紧张、易激惹", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医疗卫生机构发现重大食物中毒事件后,应当在规定的时限内向所在地县级卫生行政部门报告。该时限是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2小时", "B": "1小时", "C": "6小时", "D": "12小时"}, "answer": "2小时", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一位肿瘤病学专家在同事的协助下,为一肺癌病人做胸穿,抽出了1000毫升胸水。第二天早上交班时,这位专家问当班护士:此病人是什么时候做的胸穿?你注意观察了吗?病人的呼吸、心跳怎样?……护士有些紧张,答得不完全。这位专家说:这些内容医师要管,护士也要管,我们应共同努力。1.这位专家的做法,充分体现的是下列哪条道德原则?(  )", "options": {"A": "互相学习、共同提高和发挥优势", "B": "救死扶伤,实行革命的人道主义", "C": "互相协作和监督", "D": "护师必须服从医师"}, "answer": "互相学习、共同提高和发挥优势", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1岁男儿,持续发热、流泪、咳嗽五天,出玫瑰色斑丘疹,由头面开始到躯干、全身,皮疹消退后留有色素沉着。体温38.5℃,口腔黏膜有粟粒样充血性皮疹,浅表淋巴结不大,心脏未闻及明显异常,肺呼吸音增粗,腹部柔软,肝脾不大。未接受过预防接种。血常规:白细胞6×109/L,中性粒细胞0.45,淋巴细胞0.55。2.应该给予的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对症治疗", "B": "退热药物", "C": "镇静药物", "D": "皮质激素"}, "answer": "对症治疗", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,25岁。2年来在遇到不开心的事情时,出现四肢强直和抽搐样表现,发作时能听清楚家人的呼唤但不予回答,无唇舌咬伤和大小便失禁。查体:瞳孔无散大,对光反射存在。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "刨伤后应激障碍", "B": "适应性障碍", "C": "癫痫", "D": "分离(转换)性障碍"}, "answer": "分离(转换)性障碍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肾综合征出血热的传染源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "野生鼠类", "B": "犬", "C": "病毒携带者", "D": "猪"}, "answer": "野生鼠类", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,32岁,长期乏力求医。血红蛋白77g/L,平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度26%,平均红细胞体积63μm3,网织红细胞数2.0%,血清铁5μmol/L(280μg/L),总铁结合力4980μg/L。3.假如治疗有效,最早出现的指标应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "面色红润", "B": "红细胞增加", "C": "网织红细胞升高", "D": "血红蛋白增加"}, "answer": "网织红细胞升高", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.与肝癌、肝硬化关系最密切的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HAV", "B": "HBV", "C": "HCV", "D": "HDV"}, "answer": "HCV", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于大隐静脉的解剖描述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "起于足背静脉弓外侧", "B": "为下肢的深静脉", "C": "经内踝前方上行", "D": "经内踝后方上行"}, "answer": "经内踝前方上行", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,35岁。体重75kg,因外伤性股骨颈骨折第2次入院手术,患者一般状况良好,BP 125/80mmHg,Hb 150g/L,血型鉴定为A型,抗体筛查发现存在多种红细胞抗体,交叉配血试验无法配上相容性血液。若需输血,应考虑的输血策略是(  )。", "options": {"A": "输注O型红细胞", "B": "输注洗涤红细胞", "C": "贮存式自身输血", "D": "输注Rh阴性红细胞"}, "answer": "贮存式自身输血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "慢性粒细胞白血病根治率最高的治疗方法为(  )。", "options": {"A": "异基因骨髓移植", "B": "羟基脲", "C": "马利兰", "D": "联合化疗"}, "answer": "异基因骨髓移植", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,60岁。腹胀痛,腹泻、便秘交替月余,伴里急后重感,无鲜血便。体格检查:腹平软,未及包块,左锁骨上、腹股沟淋巴结未触及。3.此患者主要的治疗应采取(  )。", "options": {"A": "根治性切除术", "B": "化学治疗", "C": "放射治疗", "D": "放疗十化疗"}, "answer": "根治性切除术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "30岁男患,病程4个月,头痛发病,入院前出现左侧肢体无力和呕吐。入院检查,意识清,眼底视乳头水肿,左上下肢肌力Ⅳ级,腱反射活跃,病理征(+)。2.应采用的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线颅片", "B": "脑血管造影", "C": "CT", "D": "ECT"}, "answer": "CT", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述贫血表现中哪项不符合营养性缺铁性贫血?(  )", "options": {"A": "肝脾轻度肿大", "B": "头晕眼花耳鸣", "C": "肢体震颤", "D": "食欲减退,常有呕吐、腹泻"}, "answer": "肢体震颤", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "药物不良反应(  )。", "options": {"A": "发生在大剂量情况下", "B": "产生原因与药物作用的选择性高有关", "C": "发生在治疗剂量", "D": "可以避免"}, "answer": "发生在治疗剂量", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是初次感染结核,产生变态反应的时间?(  )", "options": {"A": "48~72小时", "B": "5天", "C": "3周", "D": "4~8周"}, "answer": "4~8周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,20岁,头昏乏力,鼻出血伴牙龈出血1周。Hb82g/L,WBC45×109/L,血小板25×1099/L。骨髓增生极度活跃,原始细胞50%,早幼粒细胞21%,POX强度阳性,NAP阴性,非特异性酯酶部分呈阳性反应,不被NaF抑制。确诊为急性非淋巴细胞白血病,其FAB分型应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "M2", "B": "M3", "C": "M4", "D": "M5"}, "answer": "M2", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "正常小儿前囟闭合的时间应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "6个月~12个月", "B": "12个月~18个月", "C": "2岁~2.5岁", "D": "2.5岁~3岁"}, "answer": "12个月~18个月", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,45岁。进食高脂餐并饮酒后上腹持续疼痛8小时,呕吐2次后疼痛无缓解。查体:T 37.8℃,上腹偏左压痛、反跳痛阳性。2.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性胆囊炎", "B": "肠梗阻", "C": "急性胰腺炎", "D": "急性心肌梗死"}, "answer": "急性胰腺炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,35岁,身高1.62cm,体重56kg,近3个月来觉口渴、多饮,查空腹血糖6.8mmol/L,无糖尿病家族史。为确定有无糖尿病最有意义的实验室检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血谷氨酸脱羧酶抗体", "B": "口服葡萄糖耐量试验", "C": "糖化血红蛋白", "D": "24小时尿糖定量"}, "answer": "口服葡萄糖耐量试验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "张某是医院的主管护师,在平常工作中,十分重视对患者的心理护理,能根据不同患者的不同心理问题制定相应的计划并进行干预。其心理护理所遵循的原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "启迪性原则", "B": "针对性原则", "C": "保密性原则", "D": "自我管理原则"}, "answer": "针对性原则", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "人体试验的道德原则,下列除哪项外均正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "符合医学目的", "B": "受试者知情同意", "C": "医学发展至上", "D": "维护受试者利益"}, "answer": "医学发展至上", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,26岁,病史不清,昏迷不醒、抽搐来就诊,查体:呼吸困难、皮肤湿冷、瞳孔明显缩小,可能诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿托品中毒", "B": "CO中毒", "C": "巴比妥类药物中毒", "D": "有机磷中毒"}, "answer": "有机磷中毒", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某女,35岁。有甲状腺功能亢进病史,经内科治疗好转。近日来因感冒又出现心慌、胸闷、不安、睡眠差,心电图显示窦性心动过速。请问对该病人应选用的抗心律失常药为(  )。", "options": {"A": "利多卡因", "B": "苯妥英钠", "C": "普萘洛尔", "D": "维拉帕米"}, "answer": "普萘洛尔", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.刺激胰腺分泌大量酶的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃泌素", "B": "促胰液素", "C": "胆囊收缩素", "D": "血管活性肠肽"}, "answer": "胆囊收缩素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是早产儿的胎龄?(  )", "options": {"A": ">25周至<37足周", "B": ">27周至<38足周", "C": ">28周至<37足周", "D": ">29周至<37足周"}, "answer": ">28周至<37足周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性胆囊炎的临床表现不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "右上腹持续性痛并阵发性加重", "B": "大多伴有黄疸", "C": "右上腹局限性肌紧张", "D": "可伴有右肩部不适症状"}, "answer": "大多伴有黄疸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胫骨中下1/3处骨折易发生延迟愈合的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨形态转变处", "B": "骨皮质薄,强度差", "C": "骨营养动脉损伤", "D": "骨干下1/3处肌肉丰富"}, "answer": "骨营养动脉损伤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心尖搏动位于左锁骨中线外第6肋间,考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "左心室增大", "B": "右心室增大", "C": "瘦长体型", "D": "心包积液"}, "answer": "左心室增大", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "接种牛痘、麻疹等减毒活疫苗后,可使接种者发生全身感染甚至死亡的原因(  )。", "options": {"A": "B细胞缺陷", "B": "T细胞缺陷", "C": "吞噬细胞缺陷", "D": "补体受体缺陷"}, "answer": "T细胞缺陷", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "9个月女孩,母乳喂养,面色蜡黄,表情呆滞,烦躁不安.肝肋下2cm,脾肋下1cm。红细胞2.8×1012/L,血红蛋白70g/L,红细胞大小不等,大的红细胞内中央浅染区扩大,骨髓片呈巨幼细胞增生,其核粗松,胞浆较少。3.最好选择下列哪项治疗方法?(  )", "options": {"A": "铁剂治疗", "B": "铁剂、叶酸、Vit B12治疗", "C": "输血治疗", "D": "细胞毒药物化疗"}, "answer": "铁剂、叶酸、Vit B12治疗", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "铁剂治疗缺铁性贫血时,最早显示疗效的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "网织红细胞增多", "B": "血清铁增多", "C": "口唇色泽开始变红", "D": "血小板增多"}, "answer": "网织红细胞增多", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女孩,1岁半。虚胖,面色蜡黄数月,肝脾大,肢体和头部不规则震颤,甚至抽搐,肌张力增强。治疗该患儿主要的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素C", "B": "维生素B12", "C": "铁剂加叶酸", "D": "泼尼松"}, "answer": "维生素B12", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列根除幽门螺杆菌的方案中首选的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "质子泵抑制剂+克拉霉素+铋剂,治疗2周", "B": "质子泵抑制剂+克拉霉素+铋剂+阿莫西林,治疗10天", "C": "铋剂+克拉霉素+法莫替丁,治疗10天", "D": "质子泵抑制剂+克拉霉素+阿莫西林+硫糖铝,治疗1个月"}, "answer": "质子泵抑制剂+克拉霉素+铋剂+阿莫西林,治疗10天", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肺循环血流量增多,而左心室、主动脉及体循环血流量减少的先天性心脏病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉导管未闭", "B": "房间隔缺损", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "肺动脉狭窄"}, "answer": "房间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.脑血栓形成最常见的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压", "B": "先天性脑底动脉瘤", "C": "脑动脉粥样硬化", "D": "风湿性心脏病"}, "answer": "脑动脉粥样硬化", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "体内转运一碳单位的载体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "叶酸", "B": "维生素B12", "C": "四氢叶酸", "D": "蛋氨酸"}, "answer": "四氢叶酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有关硝苯地平降压时伴随状况的描述,下列哪项是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "心排血量下降", "B": "血浆肾素活性增高", "C": "尿量增加", "D": "肾血流量降低"}, "answer": "血浆肾素活性增高", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有机磷中毒出现毒蕈碱样症状的主要机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺体分泌减退、平滑肌痉挛", "B": "腺体分泌亢进、平滑肌痉挛", "C": "腺体分泌亢进、平滑肌松弛", "D": "运动神经兴奋、平滑肌痉挛"}, "answer": "腺体分泌亢进、平滑肌痉挛", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "体内大多数由内分泌腺释放的激素转送到靶组织的方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "远距分泌", "B": "自分泌", "C": "旁分泌", "D": "神经分泌"}, "answer": "远距分泌", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,21岁。受凉后寒战、发热、咳嗽、咳脓痰3天入院,胸部X线片显示右肺下叶实变影。血常规示:WBC 13×109/L,N 0.92。该患者最可能感染的病原是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎克雷伯杆菌", "B": "结核分枝杆菌", "C": "肺炎链球菌", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "肺炎链球菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "B细胞不具备的受体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有丝分裂素受体", "B": "C3b受体", "C": "Fc受体", "D": "E受体"}, "answer": "E受体", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "直肠癌行保肛手术时,应重视保护直肠下段,此措施最主要的意义在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "保留电解质吸收功能", "B": "保留葡萄糖吸收功能", "C": "保留黏液分泌功能", "D": "保留正常排便反射"}, "answer": "保留正常排便反射", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "结合自己的经验,并用概念的形式反映事物的特征为(  )。", "options": {"A": "知觉的整体性", "B": "知觉的恒常性", "C": "知觉的理解性", "D": "知觉的选择性"}, "answer": "知觉的理解性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿10岁,胫骨中上段慢性骨髓炎,一般情况好,体温不高,局部有流脓窦道,X线片有4cm长整段死骨,周围有不连续包壳。当前的主要治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "手术摘除死骨,肌辦填塞消灭死腔", "B": "手术摘除死骨,植入细塑料管,每日经管滴入抗生素", "C": "患肢长腿石膏管型固定,开窗换药", "D": "局部换药,保持引流通畅"}, "answer": "患肢长腿石膏管型固定,开窗换药", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.呕吐粪样内容物,腹部高度膨胀的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻痹性肠梗阻", "B": "低位肠梗阻", "C": "绞窄性肠梗阻", "D": "高位肠梗阻"}, "answer": "低位肠梗阻", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "子宫内膜异位症常见的侵犯部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卵巢", "B": "脐", "C": "膀胱", "D": "肾"}, "answer": "卵巢", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有关糖尿病的治疗正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2型糖尿病病人一经发现应立即使用口服降糖药", "B": "饮食治疗强调控制主食量是最重要的", "C": "饮食治疗强调控制全天总热量摄入", "D": "二甲双胍只能用于2型糖尿病病人"}, "answer": "饮食治疗强调控制全天总热量摄入", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.慢性粒细胞白血病的临床特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "寒战、高热、出血并迅速衰竭", "B": "低热、乏力、颈部淋巴结肿大、切口不愈合", "C": "低热、贫血、巨脾", "D": "贫血、发热、无痛性淋巴结进行性肿大"}, "answer": "低热、贫血、巨脾", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某人由平卧位突然站立,静脉回心血量减少,每搏量、动脉血压降低,该人搏出量减少是由于下述哪一项所致?(  )", "options": {"A": "心迷走神经兴奋", "B": "心室后负荷增大", "C": "异长调节", "D": "等长调节"}, "answer": "异长调节", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "血清中含量最高的免疫球蛋白是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgA", "B": "IgG", "C": "IgE", "D": "IgM"}, "answer": "IgG", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,42岁,咳嗽,痰中带血有胸痛6个月,既往体健,吸烟30年,30支/天,查体:T 36.5℃,右侧肺部可闻及湿性啰音,实验室检查:血WBC 8×109/L,胸部CT如下。1.初诊断首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "后纵隔肿瘤", "B": "浸润型肺结核", "C": "支气管扩张", "D": "中央型肺癌"}, "answer": "后纵隔肿瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪种临床表现不在扩张型心肌病出现?(  )", "options": {"A": "第四心音奔马律", "B": "猝死", "C": "动脉栓塞", "D": "心脏破裂"}, "answer": "心脏破裂", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.血站对献血者每次采集血液量一般为(  )。", "options": {"A": "200ml", "B": "300ml", "C": "400ml", "D": "500ml"}, "answer": "200ml", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,32岁。咽痛、咳嗽7天,水肿、伴少尿5天。化验:Hb 90g/L,尿蛋白(+++),血肌酐500μmol/L,血尿素氮23mmol/L,B超示双肾增大。其最可能的临床诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾病综合征", "B": "慢性肾小球肾炎", "C": "急性肾盂肾炎", "D": "急进性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "急进性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.胚胎性肿瘤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癌", "B": "母细胞瘤", "C": "精原细胞瘤", "D": "霍奇金病"}, "answer": "母细胞瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "取一滴血浆,在pH8.6条件下进行醋酸纤维膜电泳。若样品点在负极,电泳后可将血浆至少分成5种成分,跑在最前面的成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤维蛋白原", "B": "γ球蛋白", "C": "β球蛋白", "D": "清蛋白"}, "answer": "清蛋白", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,30岁。停经1年。孕激素试验有出血,血FSH、LH正常,垂体兴奋试验LH不增高。诊断为“继发性闭经”。该患者最有可能的病变部位为(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫", "B": "下丘脑", "C": "垂体", "D": "甲状腺"}, "answer": "垂体", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.肾上腺皮质功能低下则出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "呆小症", "B": "侏儒症", "C": "尿崩症", "D": "艾迪生病"}, "answer": "艾迪生病", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "符合M3特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "无Auer小体", "B": "过氧化物酶阴性", "C": "非特异酯酶阴性", "D": "苏丹黑染色阴性"}, "answer": "非特异酯酶阴性", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "骨折急救处理中,以下哪项不恰当?(  )", "options": {"A": "凡有骨折可疑的病人,均按骨折处理", "B": "复位已戳出创口的骨折端", "C": "创口包扎,止血", "D": "迅速送往医院"}, "answer": "复位已戳出创口的骨折端", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.铅中毒(  )。", "options": {"A": "溶血性黄疸", "B": "肝细胞性黄疸", "C": "后天性卟啉症", "D": "多发性骨髓瘤"}, "answer": "后天性卟啉症", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.可引起低血钾的降压药(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡托普利", "B": "倍他乐克(美托洛尔)", "C": "氢氯噻嗪", "D": "哌唑嗪"}, "answer": "氢氯噻嗪", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "解热镇痛作用强而抗炎作用很弱的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吡罗昔康", "B": "布洛芬", "C": "双氯芬酸", "D": "对乙酰氨基酚"}, "answer": "对乙酰氨基酚", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.刚出生新生儿,无窒息应立即(  )。", "options": {"A": "清理呼吸道,触觉刺激", "B": "碳酸氢纳纠正酸中毒", "C": "应用纳洛酮", "D": "心脏按压"}, "answer": "清理呼吸道,触觉刺激", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "26岁初产妇,妊娠39周,于晨6时临产,12时宫口开大3cm,22时宫口开大6cm,应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "潜伏期延长", "B": "活跃期延长", "C": "第二产程延长", "D": "第二产程停滞"}, "answer": "活跃期延长", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "弥漫性毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎电镜下的病变特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球毛细血管基底膜内皮细胞下见致密沉积物", "B": "脏层上皮细胞足突融合", "C": "肾小球毛细血管基底膜和脏层上皮细胞下见致密沉积物", "D": "肾小C球毛细血管基底膜有缺损"}, "answer": "肾小球毛细血管基底膜和脏层上皮细胞下见致密沉积物", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,45岁。畏寒发热13天,体检:体温39.5℃,血压80/50mmHg (10.6/6.7kPa),右上肢可见瘀斑,双肺呼吸音粗,呼吸30次/min,肝肋下未扪及,脾左肋下恰扪及;Hb 112g/L,WBC 18×109/L,血小板56×109/L,PT17s(对照12s),纤维蛋白原定量1390mg/L。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎", "B": "DIC", "C": "败血症", "D": "感染合并DIC"}, "answer": "感染合并DIC", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.兴奋性突触后电位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阈电位", "B": "局部电位", "C": "静息电位", "D": "后电位"}, "answer": "局部电位", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,52岁。头颈部、双上肢浅Ⅱ°烧伤,伤后第3天出现黑便,量约700ml。查体:P 107次/分,BP 85/60mmHg。最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆道出血", "B": "慢性胃炎出血", "C": "食管溃疡出血", "D": "应激性溃疡出血"}, "answer": "应激性溃疡出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.对原核和真核生物蛋白质合成都抑制的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "链霉素", "B": "白喉毒素", "C": "林可霉素", "D": "嘌呤霉素"}, "answer": "嘌呤霉素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于假性幻觉,下列说法正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "幻觉来源没有明确定位,多来自客观空间,病人不用感官可感知到", "B": "来源于主观空间,可随病人意志控制", "C": "来源于客观空间,可被病人意志控制", "D": "来源于主观空间,病人感到清晰逼真"}, "answer": "幻觉来源没有明确定位,多来自客观空间,病人不用感官可感知到", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "脂肪变性常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺", "B": "肝", "C": "脾", "D": "脂肪组织"}, "answer": "肝", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "诊断恶性肿瘤的主要依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肿瘤的肉眼形态", "B": "肿瘤对机体的影响", "C": "肿瘤细胞的异型性", "D": "肿瘤的继发改变"}, "answer": "肿瘤细胞的异型性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,43岁。发热、咳嗽、少量脓痰2周,既往健康。查体未见明显异常。血常规大致正常,ESR 45mm/h,胸部X线片示右上肺渗出性病变伴不规则空洞,无液平。为明确诊断,宜首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "经支气管镜肺活检", "B": "痰涂片抗酸染色", "C": "痰涂片革兰染色", "D": "PPD皮试"}, "answer": "痰涂片抗酸染色", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "疑为骨盆骨折的患者来院急诊,首选检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线片", "B": "CT", "C": "核素骨扫描", "D": "肛门指诊"}, "answer": "X线片", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "5个月男婴,发热、咳嗽、呼吸困难1周。查体:体温37.4。C,呼吸56次/分,心率210次/分,精神不振,唇周发绀,三凹征阳性,双肺满布喘鸣音,叩诊清音,肝肋下4cm,中度硬。胸部X线显示双肺散在小片状阴影及肺气肿。根据病情诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎合并心力衰竭", "B": "革兰阴性杆菌肺炎合并心力衰竭", "C": "腺病毒肺炎合并心力衰竭", "D": "肺炎支原体肺炎合并心力衰竭"}, "answer": "呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎合并心力衰竭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "以下哪项是核酸对紫外线的最大吸收峰?(  )", "options": {"A": "280nm", "B": "240nm", "C": "260nm", "D": "200nm"}, "answer": "260nm", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,32岁,患神经衰弱近1年,未治疗,现来诊,应首先选择下述哪一种药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "抗焦虑药", "B": "抗精神病药", "C": "抗抑郁药", "D": "催眠药"}, "answer": "抗焦虑药", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,45岁。呕血、便血2天。突然恶心,并呕出大量鲜血,头晕、四肢乏力。乙肝病史24年。查体:腹部膨隆,肝肋下2cm,脾肋下4cm,移动性浊音(+)。最可能的出血原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃溃疡", "B": "十二指肠溃疡", "C": "门静脉高压症", "D": "胆石症"}, "answer": "门静脉高压症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "属于Ⅱ型超敏反应的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血小板减少性紫癜", "B": "血清病", "C": "SLE", "D": "溃疡性结肠炎"}, "answer": "血小板减少性紫癜", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.RNA聚合酶中识别模板转录起始部位的亚基是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内含子", "B": "多顺反子", "C": "RNA聚合酶Ⅱ", "D": "原核RNA聚合酶σ"}, "answer": "多顺反子", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "甲状腺肿的病因不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "碘缺乏", "B": "甲状腺素分泌障碍", "C": "甲状腺素需求增多", "D": "长效甲状腺刺激素浓度增高"}, "answer": "长效甲状腺刺激素浓度增高", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有机磷农药中毒所致的呼吸肌麻痹用(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿托品", "B": "新斯的明", "C": "尼可刹米", "D": "解磷定"}, "answer": "解磷定", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.4个月小儿应会的动作(  )。", "options": {"A": "抬头,可注视光源", "B": "伸手取物", "C": "独坐", "D": "独走"}, "answer": "抬头,可注视光源", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "受理医师执业注册申请的卫生行政部门对不符合条件不予注册的,书面通知申请人并说明理由的期限是应当自收到申请之日起(  )。", "options": {"A": "15日内", "B": "10日内", "C": "30日内", "D": "90日内"}, "answer": "30日内", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心内膜下心肌梗死的常见并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏破裂", "B": "室壁瘤", "C": "附壁血栓形成", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "附壁血栓形成", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,82岁。上腹痛、尿黄1周,1天来寒战、高热。有高血压、糖尿病病史,药物控制,半年前心肌梗死。查体:T 39.5℃,P 120次/min,BP 96/82 mmHg,神志淡漠,皮肤、巩膜黄染,右上腹部压痛。Hb 115g/L,WBC 22×109/L。B超提示肝内外胆管扩张,胆囊增大,胆总管远端显示不清。2.下列治疗方法中不宜采取的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急诊探查胆总管并引流", "B": "PTCD", "C": "先保守治疗,待休克纠正后手术", "D": "以上都不对"}, "answer": "先保守治疗,待休克纠正后手术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "个体发育过程中,产生最早的免疫球蛋白是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgA", "B": "IgD", "C": "IgE", "D": "IgM"}, "answer": "IgM", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "根治间日疟最好选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "伯氯喹+乙胺嘧啶", "B": "氯喹+乙胺嘧啶", "C": "伯氨喹+氯喹", "D": "青蒿素+乙胺嘧啶"}, "answer": "伯氨喹+氯喹", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "血清酶检测对病毒性肝炎的诊断哪一项最为敏感和有意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "AKP", "B": "ALT", "C": "AST", "D": "γ-谷氨酰转肽酶"}, "answer": "ALT", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,66岁。腰痛、消瘦半年、双下肢水肿3个月,既往有高血压病史5年。查体:BP 120/80mmHg,贫血貌,双下肢中度凹陷性水肿,尿常规:RBC 0~2/HP,尿蛋白(++++),尿蛋白定量3.6g/d,血Hb 78g/L,Scr 88umol/L,TP 86g/L,ALB 28g/L。B超提示双侧肾大小形态正常。2.对明确诊断最有价值的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血抗肾小球基底膜抗体及抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体(ANCA)", "B": "血抗核抗体、抗双联DNA抗体及补体", "C": "血、尿免疫固定电泳及骨髓穿刺", "D": "血乙肝病毒标志物"}, "answer": "血抗肾小球基底膜抗体及抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体(ANCA)", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "L型细菌特性(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗原性不变", "B": "对青霉素敏感", "C": "呈高度多形性", "D": "以上均错"}, "answer": "呈高度多形性", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.G蛋白结合GDP后(  )。", "options": {"A": "使α-亚基与效应蛋白解离", "B": "具蛋白激酶C活性", "C": "具酪氨酸蛋白激酶活性", "D": "可激活腺苷酸环化酶"}, "answer": "使α-亚基与效应蛋白解离", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "变构效应物与酶的结合部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "活性中心的结合基团", "B": "酶的催化亚基", "C": "活性中心以外的任何部位", "D": "活性中心以外的特殊部位"}, "answer": "活性中心以外的特殊部位", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,48岁,既往有冶游史,25岁时有皮肤损害,31岁时结婚,妻子第二年怀孕流产,3年前因精神因素呈兴奋状态,大声喊叫,焦虑、苦闷、坐立不安,夜间看见一个人腾云驾雾。躯体检查:无特殊体征。神经系统检查:右瞳孔缩小,光反射消失,面神经不全麻痹,手指及眼睑轻微震颤,右上肢霍夫曼征(+)。精神检查:有幻听,“耳边听到滔滔不绝说话声,发出粗鲁的谩骂声”,记忆力减退,情绪低落,易激动。3.首选治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗精神病", "B": "抗梅毒+抗精神病", "C": "抗抑郁", "D": "按老年痴呆治疗"}, "answer": "抗梅毒+抗精神病", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女孩,7岁,发热伴腹痛半天,抽搐1次,呕吐2次,体重:T 40℃,BP 60/30mmHg,面色苍白,四肢湿冷,呼吸急促,心率快,腹平软,肝区压痛,肠鸣音活跃,脑膜刺激征阴性。2.该疾病的发病机制中,起主要作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌内毒素", "B": "小儿神经系统发育不健全", "C": "细菌外毒素", "D": "小儿免疫功能不完善"}, "answer": "细菌内毒素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1岁半小儿,其父患浸润性肺结核,有咯血,小儿与父母同往,无任何症状,胸片未见异常,结核菌素试验阳性,应采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "继续观察,有症状治疗", "B": "口服异烟肼,疗程6~9个月", "C": "口服烟肼+链霉素肌注,疗程1年", "D": "定期复查胸片,发现病灶行抗结核治疗"}, "answer": "口服异烟肼,疗程6~9个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,45岁。右利手。因头痛和言语障碍6月余就诊。头颅MRI显示左侧中央前回底部前方有占位性病变,脑膜瘤可能性大。该患者的言语障碍最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "失写", "B": "失读", "C": "感觉性失语", "D": "运动性失语"}, "answer": "运动性失语", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.AFP可随ALT上升而上升,ALT恢复后AFP仍进行上升,应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝炎后肝硬化代偿期", "B": "原发性肝癌", "C": "慢性乙肝活动期", "D": "妊娠"}, "answer": "原发性肝癌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "10个月的小儿,标准体重是(  )。", "options": {"A": "6.2kg", "B": "8.8kg", "C": "9.0kg", "D": "9.6kg"}, "answer": "8.8kg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,46岁。从事粮食烘干工作25年近期出现视物模糊,确诊为白内障。最可能的致病原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "微波", "B": "苯胺", "C": "拟除虫菊酯", "D": "紫外线辐射"}, "answer": "微波", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,45岁。间断干咳3年,无低热、咯血等。反复抗生素治疗无效。查体无明显阳性体征。胸部X线片未见明显异常。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支原体肺炎", "B": "支气管结核", "C": "咳嗽变异型哮喘", "D": "慢性支气管炎"}, "answer": "咳嗽变异型哮喘", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男童,7岁。因高热、肝脾肿大,突然烦躁不安死亡。尸检见肺、脑、肝、脾及肾密布大小一致、分布均匀、灰黄带白色、圆形的粟粒大小结节。试诊断患儿最可能患何种病?(  )", "options": {"A": "全身粟粒性结核病", "B": "矽肺", "C": "小叶性肺炎", "D": "肺鳞状细胞癌"}, "answer": "全身粟粒性结核病", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "人一生有两套牙齿,2岁半时乳牙应该长齐,共有(  )。", "options": {"A": "15颗", "B": "20颗", "C": "25颗", "D": "32颗"}, "answer": "20颗", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以下哪项是甲苯磺丁脲降血糖作用的主要机制?(  )", "options": {"A": "促进葡萄糖分解", "B": "使细胞内cAMP减少", "C": "刺激胰岛β-细胞释放胰岛素", "D": "抑制胰高血糖素作用"}, "answer": "刺激胰岛β-细胞释放胰岛素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "常伴有发热和腹痛的子宫肌瘤变性是(  )。", "options": {"A": "玻璃样变", "B": "囊性变", "C": "红色变", "D": "肉瘤变"}, "answer": "红色变", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "卡托普利抗心衰作用的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "增加去甲肾上腺素分泌", "B": "减少前列腺素合成", "C": "减少血管紧张素Ⅱ的生成", "D": "增加心肌耗氧量"}, "answer": "减少血管紧张素Ⅱ的生成", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于CCMD-3,下列哪项错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "兼用症状分类和病因病理分类的方向", "B": "向ICD-10靠拢,取消了神经症、反复发作躁狂症、同性恋等精神障碍或亚型", "C": "根据我国的社会文化特点和传统。对某些精神障碍暂不纳入CCMD-3", "D": "CCMD-3将癔症和抑郁性神经症从神经症中分离出来"}, "answer": "向ICD-10靠拢,取消了神经症、反复发作躁狂症、同性恋等精神障碍或亚型", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "60岁,男性,突然右口角流涎,言语不清,右上下肢无力,活动不灵,右偏身感觉减退,看不见右侧物体,病变位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "左侧中央前回", "B": "左侧额下回后部", "C": "左侧内囊", "D": "左侧枕叶矩状裂"}, "answer": "左侧内囊", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,24岁。一天来寒战高热,咳嗽伴右胸痛,咳砖红色胶冻痰,量多。胸片右肺呈多发性蜂窝状阴影。正确选用的抗生素为(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素", "B": "青霉素+庆大霉素", "C": "庆大霉素+头孢曲松钠", "D": "红霉素"}, "answer": "庆大霉素+头孢曲松钠", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.可引起心动过缓的降压药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡托普利", "B": "氢氯噻嗪", "C": "氨甲喋啶", "D": "美托洛尔"}, "answer": "美托洛尔", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "突眼性甲状腺肿的另一名称是(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性甲状腺功能亢进", "B": "继发性甲状腺功能亢进", "C": "高功能甲状腺腺瘤", "D": "结节性甲状腺肿"}, "answer": "原发性甲状腺功能亢进", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.与正常尿色有关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆绿素", "B": "尿胆素", "C": "粪胆素", "D": "尿胆素原"}, "answer": "尿胆素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "导致新生儿胆红素生成过多的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿败血症", "B": "先天性甲状腺功能减退症", "C": "先天性胆道闭锁", "D": "新生儿窒息"}, "answer": "新生儿败血症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿心脏听诊可闻及生理性杂音,其特点如下,但其中一项例外(  )。", "options": {"A": "可伴轻度震颤", "B": "位于心尖区或肺动脉瓣区", "C": "性质柔和,一般为1~2级", "D": "杂音局限不传导"}, "answer": "可伴轻度震颤", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,8岁。发热、胸痛、气短一周余。查体:右胸部饱满,叩诊呈浊音,右胸呼吸音减弱。实验室检查:白细胞20×109/L,中性粒细胞分数90%。胸透示:右胸腔积液。2.首选诊断方法(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸腔穿刺", "B": "纤维支气管镜", "C": "MRI", "D": "X线片"}, "answer": "胸腔穿刺", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "必须由病人及其家属或者关系人签字同意的诊疗行为包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "手术、特殊检查、特殊治疗", "B": "手术、非常规性的检查、特殊治疗", "C": "除表皮手术以外的手术、特殊检查、特殊治疗", "D": "手术、创伤性检查、实验性治疗"}, "answer": "手术、特殊检查、特殊治疗", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪一项是恶性高血压病的肾脏特征性病变?(  )", "options": {"A": "肾小叶间动脉内膜增厚", "B": "肾细动脉壁纤维蛋白样坏死", "C": "肾小球毛细血管内血栓形成", "D": "肾小管上皮变性"}, "answer": "肾细动脉壁纤维蛋白样坏死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是局麻药引起局麻作用的电生理学机制?(  )", "options": {"A": "阻止Na+内流", "B": "促进Na+内流", "C": "阻止Ca2+内流", "D": "阻止K+外流"}, "answer": "阻止Na+内流", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,21岁,林场工人。因4天来发热、腹痛、腹泻,于2月10日入院。查体:T37.6℃,神清,眼结膜、面、颈部潮红,血WBC 25×109/L,尿蛋白(+++),大便稀,镜检可发现RBC 3~5/HP,WBC 6~10/HP。最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性细菌性痢疾", "B": "肾综合征出血热", "C": "急性肾小球肾炎", "D": "钩端螺旋体病"}, "answer": "肾综合征出血热", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性肾小球肾炎常与以下哪种致病菌感染有关(  )。", "options": {"A": "A组β溶血性链球菌", "B": "肺炎链球菌", "C": "草绿色链球菌", "D": "B组β溶血性链球菌"}, "answer": "A组β溶血性链球菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "水痘最常见的并发症为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑炎", "B": "败血症", "C": "皮肤继发细菌感染", "D": "心肌炎"}, "answer": "皮肤继发细菌感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "妊娠剧吐不能进食者,为预防Wernicke综合征,应补充的维生素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素A", "B": "维生素C", "C": "维生素B1", "D": "维生素B6"}, "answer": "维生素B1", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.Allis法治疗的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膝关节脱位", "B": "髋关节脱位", "C": "肘关节脱位", "D": "腕关节脱位"}, "answer": "髋关节脱位", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医学心理学的基本观点不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "认知评价的观点", "B": "主动适应与调节的观点", "C": "情绪因素作用的观点", "D": "遗传决定论的观点"}, "answer": "遗传决定论的观点", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.急性骨髓炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "关节痛表现为病情缓慢,肿而不红,穿刺见脓液", "B": "关节痛表现为游走性,轻度红、肿、热,与天气变化有关", "C": "关节痛表现为多发性,有畸形及功能障碍,穿刺液见白细胞数增多,中性粒细胞占0.75", "D": "关节附近痛,急性发作,高热,红肿不明显,深压痛,不愿意活动关节,白细胞明显增高"}, "answer": "关节附近痛,急性发作,高热,红肿不明显,深压痛,不愿意活动关节,白细胞明显增高", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.男.55岁,突发胸痛伴大汗3小时。有吸烟史,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部X线片", "B": "心肌核素显影", "C": "心电图", "D": "超声心动图"}, "answer": "心电图", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "双相性真菌在培养基上形成酵母菌落的培养温度是(  )。", "options": {"A": "25℃", "B": "35℃", "C": "37℃", "D": "41℃"}, "answer": "37℃", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.贫血性梗死灶呈椎体形改变的脏器是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑", "B": "肾", "C": "肠", "D": "心"}, "answer": "肾", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.正常足月儿生后母乳喂养开始时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "0.5小时", "B": "2小时", "C": "3小时", "D": "4小时"}, "answer": "0.5小时", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "多囊卵巢综合征的常见月经改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "月经频发", "B": "月经周期正常.经量过少", "C": "月经周期正常,经期延长", "D": "月经稀发"}, "answer": "月经稀发", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "垂直传播是指病毒通过(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎盘或产道由亲代传给子代", "B": "性接触由带毒者传给其配偶", "C": "输入被病毒污染血液的传播", "D": "孪生兄弟姐妹间的传播"}, "answer": "胎盘或产道由亲代传给子代", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "治疗小儿肺炎球菌性肺炎,首选抗生素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素", "B": "氯霉素", "C": "红霉素", "D": "氨苄青霉素"}, "answer": "青霉素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "病理过程属于液化性坏死的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝脓肿", "B": "淋巴结结核", "C": "恶性高血压细小动脉", "D": "产后子宫内膜炎"}, "answer": "肝脓肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,35岁。左下肢麻痛3年,间歇性跛行1年,左下肢疼痛逐渐加重。夜间疼痛更甚。吸烟史30年。查体:屈膝位,左小腿皮温较对侧降低,左侧足背动脉搏动消失。对该患者有助于诊断的试验是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Perthes试验", "B": "Buerger试验", "C": "Pratt试验", "D": "Trendelenburg试验"}, "answer": "Buerger试验", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "诊断早期原发性肝癌最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CEA", "B": "CA125", "C": "AFP", "D": "PSA"}, "answer": "AFP", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为有机磷中毒引起的毒蕈碱样症状?(  )", "options": {"A": "流涎", "B": "肌束颤动", "C": "瞳孔缩小", "D": "休克"}, "answer": "流涎", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.会骑三轮车,能说短歌谣的年龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2岁", "B": "3岁", "C": "4岁", "D": "5岁"}, "answer": "3岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "早产儿容易发生低体温硬肿症,与以下哪项不符?(  )", "options": {"A": "体表面积较大", "B": "棕色脂肪含量较多", "C": "皮肤薄,易于散热", "D": "皮下脂肪饱和脂肪酸含量高"}, "answer": "棕色脂肪含量较多", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "经首次电除颤未消除心室颤动的最佳处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "连续以最高级别的能量进行电除颤2次", "B": "连续以最高级别的能量进行电除颤3次", "C": "连续以同样级别的能量进行电除颤3次", "D": "进行2分钟心肺复苏后再次电除颤"}, "answer": "进行2分钟心肺复苏后再次电除颤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.属磷酸戊糖通路的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶", "B": "苹果酸脱氢酶", "C": "丙酮酸脱氢酶", "D": "NADH脱氢酶"}, "answer": "6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "成熟的真核生物mRNA5′端具有的结构是(  )。", "options": {"A": "m7UpppmNp", "B": "m7CpppmNp", "C": "m7ApppmNp", "D": "m7GpppmNp"}, "answer": "m7GpppmNp", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "苯丙酮尿症患儿应采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "观察,抽搐时给予止抽搐药物", "B": "静推10%葡萄糖酸钙,同时口服维生素D", "C": "限制苯丙氨酸摄入量", "D": "口服碘化钾"}, "answer": "限制苯丙氨酸摄入量", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肺组织切片检查,光镜下见细支气管上皮脱落,腔内及周围肺泡腔内亦有多少不等的脓性渗出物,应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性肺淤血", "B": "大叶性肺炎灰色肝变期", "C": "小叶性肺炎", "D": "肺结核变质渗出期"}, "answer": "小叶性肺炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,65岁。高血压病史10余年,既往有痛风病史。查体:BP 180/100mmHg,双肺呼吸音清,心率50次/分,律齐,心脏各瓣膜区未闻及杂音。实验室检查:血Cr 320μmol/L。该患者最适宜的降压药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂", "B": "血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻滞剂", "C": "钙通道阻滞剂", "D": "β受体阻滞剂"}, "answer": "钙通道阻滞剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,32岁,既往有溃疡病史,全麻下行胆囊切除术。术后当晚病人面色苍白,烦躁,呼吸急促,上腹饱胀,呕吐频繁,吐出棕褐色胃内容物,潜血(+),检查全腹膨隆,压痛,最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "继发穿孔", "B": "急性胃扩张", "C": "粘连性肠梗阻", "D": "溃疡所致幽门梗阻"}, "answer": "急性胃扩张", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是早期缺铁性贫血的形态学改变?(  )", "options": {"A": "小细胞低色素性贫血", "B": "正细胞正色素性贫血", "C": "大细胞性贫血", "D": "以上全不是"}, "answer": "正细胞正色素性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2岁小儿,2个月前患麻疹,1个月来咳嗽、发热,1周来嗜睡,间断呕吐。查体:T 38.9℃,嗜睡,营养差,颈抵抗(+),心肺腹部无异常。脑脊液WBC 150×106/L,单核65%,糖2.24mmol/L,氯化物102mmol/L,PPD试验(-)。1.初步诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹后脑炎", "B": "化脓性脑膜炎", "C": "结核性脑膜炎", "D": "隐球菌脑膜炎"}, "answer": "结核性脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.参与体液免疫和速发型超敏反应(  )。", "options": {"A": "Th1细胞", "B": "Th2细胞", "C": "NK细胞", "D": "Tc细胞"}, "answer": "Th2细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.未经患者或家属同意,对患者进行实验性治疗的,由卫生行政部门给予的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "暂停执业活动3~6个月", "B": "暂停执业活动六个月至一年", "C": "吊销医师营业执照", "D": "追究刑事责任"}, "answer": "暂停执业活动六个月至一年", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不侵犯中枢神经系统的病毒是(  )。", "options": {"A": "水痘—带状疱疹病毒", "B": "狂犬病病毒", "C": "脊髓灰质炎病毒", "D": "人乳头瘤病毒"}, "answer": "人乳头瘤病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,70岁。痰中带血1月余。吸烟10年,40支/天。胸部X线片:右肺门肿块影伴右上肺不张,支气管镜见右上肺开口内新生物。2.该患者肺癌的病理类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鳞癌", "B": "腺癌", "C": "小细胞癌", "D": "腺鳞癌"}, "answer": "鳞癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.无包膜RNA病毒(  )。", "options": {"A": "胞核内组装,裂解释放", "B": "胞质内组装,出芽释放", "C": "胞质内组装,裂解释放", "D": "胞核内复制核酸,胞核内合成蛋白质"}, "answer": "胞质内组装,裂解释放", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "参与三羧酸循环的酶的正确叙述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主要位于线粒体外膜", "B": "Ca2+可抑制其活性", "C": "氧化磷酸化的速率可调节其活性", "D": "在血糖较低时,活性较低"}, "answer": "氧化磷酸化的速率可调节其活性", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是能够与肥大细胞结合的Ig?(  )", "options": {"A": "IgA", "B": "IgG", "C": "IgM", "D": "IgE"}, "answer": "IgE", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "氯丙嗪不用于(  )。", "options": {"A": "低温麻醉", "B": "抑郁症", "C": "人工冬眠", "D": "尿毒症呕吐"}, "answer": "抑郁症", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,55岁。确诊为子宫内膜癌。术后病理提示癌局限在子宫内膜。该患者的病理分期为(  )。", "options": {"A": "ⅠA", "B": "ⅡB", "C": "ⅡA", "D": "ⅢA"}, "answer": "ⅠA", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "中度营养不良时血清白蛋白含量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "低于21g/L", "B": "21~27g/L", "C": "28~34g/L", "D": "高于38g/L"}, "answer": "21~27g/L", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "与肿瘤免疫逃逸无关的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肿瘤细胞缺乏共刺激信号", "B": "肿瘤细胞MHC分子表达下调", "C": "不能诱导有效抗体应答", "D": "肿瘤相关抗原免疫原性差"}, "answer": "不能诱导有效抗体应答", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医生必须保守病人的秘密,但应考虑除外(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人的过失行为", "B": "病人的生理缺陷", "C": "病人的某些心理", "D": "病人的不良预后"}, "answer": "病人的不良预后", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,38岁,10天前抬重物扭伤腰部,腰痛伴右下肢后外侧放射痛,无大小便功能障碍。经检查诊断为腰椎间盘突出症,不宜采用下列哪项治疗措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "皮质类固醇硬膜外注射", "B": "理疗和按摩", "C": "卧床休息", "D": "立即手术治疗,行髓核摘除术"}, "answer": "立即手术治疗,行髓核摘除术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "诊断急性胰腺炎最广泛应用的化验指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清淀粉酶", "B": "血糖", "C": "血清淀粉酶的同工酶", "D": "血清脂肪酶"}, "answer": "血清淀粉酶", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,65岁。活动后胸闷气短,心尖部闻及收缩期吹风样杂音,向左腋下传导,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "二尖瓣狭窄", "B": "二尖瓣关闭不全", "C": "二尖瓣脱垂", "D": "主动脉瓣狭窄"}, "answer": "二尖瓣关闭不全", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.参与可阻遏的负调控与操纵基因结合的成分为(  )。", "options": {"A": "辅阻遏蛋白", "B": "TFⅡB", "C": "乳糖", "D": "抑制基因"}, "answer": "辅阻遏蛋白", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不宜进行肌内注射的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "异丙肾上腺素", "B": "去甲肾上腺素", "C": "肾上腺素", "D": "麻黄碱"}, "answer": "去甲肾上腺素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于葡萄胎的处理措施,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应先备血,再吸宫", "B": "应先行子宫动脉栓塞,再吸宫", "C": "应先化疗,再吸宫", "D": "应先吸氧,再吸宫"}, "answer": "应先备血,再吸宫", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.地方性斑疹伤寒的传播媒介是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蜱", "B": "虱", "C": "蚤", "D": "螨"}, "answer": "蚤", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "手术见肝脏有一肿物,无明显境界,颜色暗红,切开呈筛孔状结构,有许多红褐色液体流出,取材镜检,见大量管腔,管壁厚薄不均,并扩张迂曲,管腔内有大量红细胞。此瘤可诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛细血管瘤", "B": "海绵状血管瘤", "C": "淋巴管瘤", "D": "囊状水瘤"}, "answer": "海绵状血管瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗链球菌感染,对青霉素过敏者应选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "庆大霉素", "B": "红霉素", "C": "头孢三嗪", "D": "氯霉素"}, "answer": "红霉素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "依据糖尿病诊断标准,确诊糖尿病选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "血浆血糖", "B": "糖化血红蛋白", "C": "尿糖定性", "D": "24小时尿糖定量"}, "answer": "血浆血糖", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "未经医师注册取得执业证书的(  )。", "options": {"A": "可在保健机构从事医师执业活动", "B": "可在预防机构从事医师执业活动", "C": "不得在医疗机构,可在预防、保健机构,从事医师执业活动", "D": "不得从事医师执业活动"}, "answer": "不得从事医师执业活动", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "与过期妊娠不相关的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "羊水过多", "B": "巨大胎儿", "C": "头盆不称", "D": "雌、孕激素比例失调"}, "answer": "羊水过多", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "化脓性脑膜炎合并硬膜下积液,常见的病原菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "B": "B组溶血性链球菌", "C": "流感嗜血杆菌", "D": "绿脓杆菌"}, "answer": "流感嗜血杆菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,41岁。腹胀、腹痛、低热2个月。腹部B超示腹腔积液。血白蛋白30g/L。当日腹腔穿刺抽出草黄色微浑浊的液体。腹水检查示:比重1.023,白蛋白22g/L,单个核细胞比例0.88。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "恶性肿瘤", "B": "继发性腹膜炎", "C": "结核性腹膜炎", "D": "原发性腹膜炎"}, "answer": "结核性腹膜炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一般情况下,左心室冠脉血流量在收缩期的血流量约为舒张期的20%~30%,因此影响冠脉血流量的主要因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "平均动脉压高低", "B": "心脏搏出量多少", "C": "舒张压的高低和心舒期的长短", "D": "收缩压的高低和射血期的长短"}, "answer": "舒张压的高低和心舒期的长短", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.子宫颈原位癌(  )。", "options": {"A": "多通过血液途径转移", "B": "多通过淋巴途径转移", "C": "以上三者均可", "D": "不发生转移"}, "answer": "不发生转移", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.传导速度最慢的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "窦房结", "B": "房室交界", "C": "浦肯野纤维", "D": "房室束"}, "answer": "房室交界", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,68岁,因呕吐、腹泻、意识障碍2天入院,既往有糖尿病史,查血糖44.2mmol/L.疑高渗性非酮症性糖尿病性昏迷。1.拟用公式计算病人渗透压,应进一步检查(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿比重和尿渗透压", "B": "血钾、钠及尿素氮", "C": "阴离子间隙", "D": "血钾、钠"}, "answer": "血钾、钠及尿素氮", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.细胞表面表达CD5、mIgM的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Tc", "B": "Ts", "C": "B-1", "D": "B-2"}, "answer": "B-1", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列有关痢疾杆菌的描述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "属肠杆菌科志贺菌属", "B": "按抗原结构及生化反应不同,可分为4群", "C": "我国多数地区以鲍氏菌为主要流行菌群", "D": "各型痢疾杆菌均可产生内毒素"}, "answer": "我国多数地区以鲍氏菌为主要流行菌群", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性肾炎合并急性肾功能不全时的临床表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "氮质血症", "B": "高钾血症", "C": "代谢性酸中毒", "D": "以上均是"}, "answer": "以上均是", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.符合幼儿急疹特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高烧3天,体温下降后,全身出皮疹,呈红色斑疹,2~3天后消退,无脱屑,无色素沉着", "B": "高热、咽痛、扁桃体增大,出皮疹,全身呈弥漫性充血性皮疹,疹退后有大片状脱皮", "C": "低热出皮疹,呈红色丘疹,很快出现水疱、破溃、结痂", "D": "无热出疹多分布在下肢、腰部,皮疹形成水疱,不易破溃伴有瘙痒,持续数日消退有色素沉着"}, "answer": "高烧3天,体温下降后,全身出皮疹,呈红色斑疹,2~3天后消退,无脱屑,无色素沉着", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "子宫脱垂的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "营养不良", "B": "手术损伤", "C": "分娩损伤", "D": "慢性疾病"}, "answer": "分娩损伤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "“肠外营养”的技术性并发症中最严重的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经损伤", "B": "空气栓塞", "C": "胸导管损伤", "D": "气胸"}, "answer": "空气栓塞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列物质不是抗体的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗毒素血清", "B": "胎盘球蛋白", "C": "淋巴细胞抗血清", "D": "本周蛋白"}, "answer": "本周蛋白", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于酶的抑制剂的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使酶变性而降低酶活性", "B": "都与酶的活性中心结合", "C": "凡能降低酶活性的物质均为酶的抑制剂", "D": "除去抑制剂后,酶活性可恢复"}, "answer": "除去抑制剂后,酶活性可恢复", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,65岁,因声音嘶哑、反应迟缓、水肿入院,诊断为慢性淋巴性甲状腺炎、甲状腺功能减退症,有黏液性水肿、心包积液。经左旋甲状腺素钠(L-T4)每日25μg起始、逐渐递增剂量治疗后,上述症状、体征已基本消失。调整L-T4剂量是依据(  )。", "options": {"A": "TSH", "B": "TT3", "C": "FT3", "D": "FT4"}, "answer": "TSH", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肱骨闭合性骨折出现桡神经损伤症状的处理原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即手术探查", "B": "处理骨折后观察2~3个月", "C": "先手术吻合神经再处理骨折", "D": "物理疗法"}, "answer": "处理骨折后观察2~3个月", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性心肌梗死患者,疑有早期心源性休克末梢循环改变,血压12/9.3kPa(90/70mmHg),尿比重1.016,中心静脉压13cmH2O。治疗时应首先选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素", "B": "右旋糖酐-40", "C": "硝普钠", "D": "硝苯地平"}, "answer": "右旋糖酐-40", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "佝偻病颅骨软化多发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "6~9个月", "B": "3~6个月", "C": "6~12个月", "D": "12个月以上"}, "answer": "3~6个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "预防和控制伤寒的主要措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "检出带菌者,接触者进行医学观察", "B": "伤寒菌苗预防接种", "C": "疫区消毒", "D": "切断传播途径"}, "answer": "切断传播途径", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,40岁。农民,因发热伴全身不适、头痛4天,少尿半天,于1月10日来诊,家中卫生条件差,有老鼠。查体:T 39.5℃,P 120次/分,BP 80/50mmHg,神志清楚,腋下皮肤散在出血点,面颈部充血,眼睑水肿,颈无抵抗,Kernig征(-)。实验室检查:血WBC 21×109/L,N 0.7,异型淋巴细胞0.15,Hb 160g/L,PLT 90×109/L,尿蛋白(+++)。镜检有红细胞及管型。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "B": "流行性感冒", "C": "败血症", "D": "肾综合征出血热"}, "answer": "肾综合征出血热", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "经产妇,25岁,妊娠37周,重度子痫前期。入院检查:宫口开大9cm,先露头、S+3。恰当的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "准备全麻下剖宫产", "B": "加强宫缩", "C": "准备产钳助产", "D": "准备局麻下剖宫产"}, "answer": "准备产钳助产", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肾综合征出血热,少尿期,合并有高血容量,脉搏洪大,心率增快,明显呼吸困难,继而咯血,主要是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管扩张", "B": "心衰肺水肿", "C": "肺感染", "D": "尿毒症酸中毒"}, "answer": "心衰肺水肿", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于DNA和RNA一级结构的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "指其中的核苷酸的排列顺序", "B": "均有3’,5'-磷酸二酯键", "C": "都含有5’端和3’端", "D": "都含有胞嘧啶和尿嘧啶"}, "answer": "都含有胞嘧啶和尿嘧啶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "血钾浓度6.5mmol/L,其首要处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "透析治疗", "B": "停止一切钾的摄入", "C": "快速补液", "D": "静注葡萄糖胰岛素液"}, "answer": "停止一切钾的摄入", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,30岁,深Ⅱ度烧伤面积10%,Ⅲ度烧伤面积30%,伤后注射止痛针后转院治疗,途中1小时,入院查体:血压70/40mmHg,脉率130次/分。1.发生的休克是(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经性", "B": "低血容量性", "C": "感染中毒性", "D": "心源性"}, "answer": "低血容量性", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肺血栓栓塞症的继发性危险因素中,属于独立危险因素的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "创伤", "B": "年龄", "C": "骨折", "D": "肿瘤家族史"}, "answer": "年龄", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是不直接参与Ⅲ型变态反应性血管炎的细胞?(  )", "options": {"A": "嗜碱粒细胞", "B": "肥大细胞", "C": "中性粒细胞", "D": "Th细胞"}, "answer": "Th细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2岁到青春前期,体重每年增加(  )。", "options": {"A": "0.5kg", "B": "1kg", "C": "1.5kg", "D": "2kg"}, "answer": "2kg", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,22岁,大学二年级学生,近一年来听课发愣,不做笔记,时有自语、自笑,动作迟缓,吃一顿饭要一个多小时,病人5天前开始终日卧床,不吃饭,不知上厕所。精神检查:意识清晰,卧床不动不语,针刺其身体无反应,肌张力增高,令病人张嘴,反把嘴闭得更紧,把病人肢体摆成不舒服的姿势,可以保持很久不变,躯体及神经系统检查无异常。1.病人不具备下述哪项症状?(  )", "options": {"A": "情绪低落", "B": "违拗", "C": "蜡样屈曲", "D": "木僵"}, "answer": "情绪低落", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不符合风湿病的叙述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "以心脏受累的后果最严重", "B": "属于变态反应性疾病", "C": "风湿性关节炎常可导致关节畸形", "D": "皮下结节和环形红斑有助于临床早期诊断"}, "answer": "风湿性关节炎常可导致关节畸形", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,30岁。Graves病史2年,一直行抗甲状腺药物治疗,近半年突眼逐渐加重,并出现复视。建议选择的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗甲状腺药物加甲状腺素制剂及糖皮质激素", "B": "抗甲状腺药物加镇静剂及糖皮质激素", "C": "放射性131I治疗", "D": "甲状腺次全切除术"}, "answer": "抗甲状腺药物加甲状腺素制剂及糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "分泌雄激素的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "睾丸生精细胞", "B": "睾丸间质细胞", "C": "精原细胞", "D": "精子细胞"}, "answer": "睾丸间质细胞", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于免疫调节的叙述,下列哪项是错误的(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗原有免疫调节作用", "B": "抗体参与免疫应答的调节", "C": "抗原-抗体复合物有免疫调节作用", "D": "免疫调节只在免疫系统内进行"}, "answer": "免疫调节只在免疫系统内进行", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3岁患儿,曾多次患肺炎,平时无发绀。体检:心前区隆起,心尖搏动弥散,胸骨左缘第2肋间闻及3/6级粗糙的连续性机器样杂音,向颈部传导,有连续性震颤,有水冲脉。3.心电图可能的结果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右心室肥大", "B": "右心房肥大", "C": "左心室肥大", "D": "不完全性右束支阻滞"}, "answer": "左心室肥大", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在激活B细胞产生抗体过程中,有T细胞和单核—巨噬细胞参与的抗原物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "半抗原", "B": "完全抗原", "C": "TD-Ag", "D": "共同抗原"}, "answer": "共同抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.智力发展的关键期(  )。", "options": {"A": "0~1岁", "B": "2~3岁", "C": "3~7岁", "D": "7岁以前"}, "answer": "7岁以前", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性肾盂肾炎的描述中,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "间质化脓性炎", "B": "肾周围组织不受累", "C": "不引起肾功能不全", "D": "血源性感染占多数"}, "answer": "间质化脓性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男性,65岁。COPO急性发作伴发热。使用头孢他啶10天,体温曾降至正常,症状缓解3天后再次出现发热,检查发现口腔黏膜有白色念珠菌感染,此时抗生素拟改用(  )。", "options": {"A": "红霉素", "B": "青霉素", "C": "两性霉素B", "D": "环丙沙星"}, "answer": "两性霉素B", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "献血者两次采血的间隔不得少于(  )。", "options": {"A": "3个月", "B": "4个月", "C": "5个月", "D": "6个月"}, "answer": "6个月", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,26岁,轻度黄疸,肝肋下1.5cm,血红蛋白709/L,Coombs试验阳性。诊断应先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "早期肝硬化", "B": "黄疸性肝炎", "C": "肝炎并贫血", "D": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血"}, "answer": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.直接影响活动效率的个性心理特征(  )。", "options": {"A": "能力", "B": "气质", "C": "人格", "D": "行为"}, "answer": "能力", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,28岁。足月产后第3天,突然寒战,继之高热,同时尿急、尿痛,腰痛,下腹部痛。查体:肾区叩痛,下腹部压痛。尿白细胞20~30个/HP,白细胞管型1~2个/HP,尿蛋白(+),末梢血白细胞高。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "产褥热", "B": "急性肾盂肾炎", "C": "急性膀胱炎", "D": "肺部感染"}, "answer": "急性肾盂肾炎", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "保存断肢最好的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "浸泡于生理盐水中", "B": "浸泡于新洁尔灭溶液中", "C": "包装于口袋内干燥冷藏", "D": "置于冰块内"}, "answer": "包装于口袋内干燥冷藏", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1名5岁女童于春季发热2天后,出现剧烈头痛、喷射性呕吐、颈项强直等颅内压增高症状体征,怀疑为患脑膜炎,行腰椎穿刺,取出脑脊液呈化脓性,涂片镜检为G一球菌,部分位于细胞内,荚膜染色显示有荚膜,脑脊液接种于血琼脂(巧克力色)培养基,在含5%~10%CO2的烛缸中菌落生长良好,无α溶血或β溶血环。根据上述结果,如果你作为一名儿科医师,初步诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄球菌性化脓性脑膜炎", "B": "链球菌性化脓性脑膜炎", "C": "肺炎球菌性化脓性脑膜炎", "D": "脑膜炎奈氏菌性流行性脑脊髓膜炎"}, "answer": "脑膜炎奈氏菌性流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,30岁。已婚。平时月经规律。停经40天,右下腹剧痛4小时伴头晕及肛门坠胀感。查体:BP 80/56mmHg,面色苍白,痛苦病容,下腹部压痛及反跳痛(+),尤以右侧为著,肌紧张不明显,移动性浊音(+)。妇科检查:宫颈举痛,宫体稍大,右附件区触及不规则包块,大小约4cm×3cm×3cm,压痛(+)。实验室检查:Hb 100g/L。3.该患者正确的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服止血药物", "B": "手术治疗", "C": "中药活血化瘀", "D": "对症处理,严密观察"}, "answer": "手术治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,58岁,心悸、手抖3年,加重1个月。体检:P110次/分,BP 22/9kPa;消瘦,皮肤潮湿,甲状腺可触及,未闻血管杂音;颈静脉无怒张,心界不大,心率134次/分,律绝对不整,心音强弱不等,肺、腹(-),下肢不肿。2.首选治疗方案应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗甲状腺药物", "B": "手术", "C": "先辅以药物治疗,病情有所控制后行放射性碘治疗", "D": "先辅以药物治疗,病情有所控制后行手术治疗"}, "answer": "先辅以药物治疗,病情有所控制后行放射性碘治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哺乳期妇女,左乳红肿疼痛1周,可触及波动,穿刺抽得脓液,治疗最重要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全身使用抗生素", "B": "局部注射抗生素", "C": "切开引流", "D": "保持乳汁通畅排出"}, "answer": "切开引流", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,11个月。母乳喂养,近3个月来面色渐苍白,间断腹泻,原可站立,现坐不稳,手足常颤抖。体检面色苍黄,略水肿,表情呆滞。血红蛋白80g/L,红细胞2.0×1012/L,白细胞6.0×109/L。1.该患儿可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "营养性缺铁性贫血", "B": "维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症", "C": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病", "D": "营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血"}, "answer": "营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,22岁。糖尿病3年,采用胰岛素治疗。近3天发热、呕吐伴腹泻,体温38.8℃,呼吸深快有异味,血糖在20.5mmol/L,尿糖(++++),尿酮体(++)。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖尿病酮症酸中毒", "B": "高渗性非酮症性糖尿病昏迷", "C": "乳酸酸中毒", "D": "急性胃肠炎"}, "answer": "糖尿病酮症酸中毒", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,26岁,多血质外观,向心性肥胖,痤疮,下腹及大腿外侧可见紫纹,血皮质醇明显增高。为进一步诊断病变部位,哪项检查最有意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "尿17-羟类固醇测定", "B": "血ACTH测定", "C": "小剂量地塞米松抑制试验", "D": "垂体CT"}, "answer": "血ACTH测定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "青年女性,农民,头昏、心悸、颜面苍白5年,并感吞咽困难,血红蛋白45g/L,红细胞2.0×1012/L,白细胞及血小板正常,血片见红细胞大小不均,以小细胞为主,中心染色过浅,首选抗贫血制剂为(  )。", "options": {"A": "叶酸", "B": "维生素B12", "C": "口服铁剂", "D": "雄激素"}, "answer": "口服铁剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪种细胞与急性同种异基因移植排斥关系最密切?(  )", "options": {"A": "NK细胞", "B": "肥大细胞", "C": "CD8+T细胞", "D": "B细胞"}, "answer": "CD8+T细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,55岁。无明显“三多一少”症状,体型肥胖,空腹血糖6.5mmol/L,怀疑糖尿病。以下最有诊断意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "24h尿糖定量", "B": "葡萄糖耐量+胰岛素释放试验", "C": "果糖胺测定", "D": "糖化血红蛋白"}, "answer": "葡萄糖耐量+胰岛素释放试验", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.VLDL(  )。", "options": {"A": "运送内源性TG", "B": "运送内源性Ch", "C": "运送外源性TG", "D": "蛋白质含量最高"}, "answer": "运送内源性TG", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "麻疹患者解除隔离的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "隔离至热退", "B": "出疹后5天", "C": "出疹后10~14天", "D": "出疹后3~4天"}, "answer": "出疹后5天", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "31岁妇女,平时月经规律,停经58日,阴道少量流血10日,偶存阵发性腹痛。妇科检查:宫颈着色,宫体如妊娠4个月左右大小,双附件区均扪及块物。4.若经B型超声检查确诊为葡萄胎,治疗方案应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫切除术+化疗", "B": "刮宫后行预防性化疗", "C": "子宫切除术", "D": "吸宫清除宫腔内容物"}, "answer": "吸宫清除宫腔内容物", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "9岁,学生,1月底因突起高热、剧烈头痛、恶心伴非喷射性呕吐1次入院。查体:神清,全身皮肤散在瘀点、瘀斑,颈项抵抗,心率120/min,两肺无异常,腹软无压痛。化验检查:血白细胞计数20×109/L,中性粒细胞0.89,淋巴细胞0.05,单核细胞0.06。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤寒", "B": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "C": "结核性脑膜炎", "D": "流行性乙型脑炎"}, "answer": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "利福平抗结核作用的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "选择性高", "B": "穿透力强", "C": "抗药性产生缓慢", "D": "对麻风杆菌无效"}, "answer": "穿透力强", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.甲肝感染(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗HIV阳性", "B": "抗HAV阳性", "C": "抗EBV阳性", "D": "抗O阳性"}, "answer": "抗HAV阳性", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "过敏性炎中,具有特征性的炎细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中性粒细胞", "B": "淋巴细胞", "C": "浆细胞", "D": "嗜酸粒细胞"}, "answer": "嗜酸粒细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男孩5岁,水肿1个月,体检有高度水肿,血压120/75mmHg,尿蛋白(+++),24h尿蛋白定量2500mg,BUN 5.4mmol/L。3.患儿突然出现肉眼血尿伴腰痛,最可能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "并发泌尿系感染", "B": "肾功能衰竭", "C": "并发肾静脉血栓", "D": "病理类型转变"}, "answer": "并发肾静脉血栓", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪一种有机磷农药中毒,从尿中可检测出硝基酚?(  )", "options": {"A": "内服磷", "B": "对硫磷", "C": "敌百虫", "D": "甲拌磷"}, "answer": "对硫磷", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,33岁。健康查体时ECG发现偶发房性期前收缩,既往体健。查体:心界不大,心率80次/分,心脏各瓣膜区未闻及杂音。该患者最恰当的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "寻找病因,定期随诊", "B": "口服普罗帕酮", "C": "口服减慢心律的药物", "D": "静脉注射利多卡因"}, "answer": "寻找病因,定期随诊", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "大肠癌的好发部位依次为(  )。", "options": {"A": "直肠、乙状结肠、升结肠、横结肠、盲肠、降结肠", "B": "直肠、乙状结肠、降结肠、横结肠、升结肠、盲肠", "C": "直肠、乙状结肠、盲肠、升结肠、降结肠", "D": "盲肠、升结肠、横结肠、乙状结肠、直肠"}, "answer": "直肠、乙状结肠、盲肠、升结肠、降结肠", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "30岁男性患者,病程4个月,头痛发病入院前出现左侧肢体无力和呕吐,入院查体:意识清,眼底视乳头水肿,左上下肢肌力Ⅳ级,腱反射活跃,病理征(+)。2.应采用的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线颅片", "B": "脑电图", "C": "CT", "D": "ECT"}, "answer": "CT", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,50岁,四肢麻胀、乏力逐渐加重近2年,1个月前不慎滑倒,当即出现四肢活动障碍。查体:神志清楚,头部活动无明显受限,第2肋以下皮肤痛觉减退,四肢不能主动活动,肌张力增高,病理征(+)。X线片示颈4胸1椎体后缘骨质增生,椎间隙变窄。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "外伤性颈髓损伤", "B": "脊髓型颈椎病", "C": "颈椎肿瘤", "D": "颈椎管内肿瘤"}, "answer": "脊髓型颈椎病", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.正常足月儿配方乳喂养的间隔时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1h", "B": "2h", "C": "3h", "D": "4h"}, "answer": "3h", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.存在于胞液也存在于线粒体的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙酰CoA羧化酶", "B": "HMGCoA裂解酶", "C": "HMGCoA合酶", "D": "柠檬酸裂解酶"}, "answer": "HMGCoA合酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,28岁,外伤致肱骨中下1/3骨折,伴有桡神经损伤,临床上除骨折体征外,还可出现的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "屈指、屈腕功能丧失", "B": "伸指、伸腕功能丧失", "C": "屈指伸指功能丧失", "D": "伸腕功能存在,伸指功能丧失"}, "answer": "伸指、伸腕功能丧失", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肺通气的原动力是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺内压与胸膜腔内压之差", "B": "肺内压与大气压之差", "C": "呼吸机的舒缩运动", "D": "肺内压的周期性变化"}, "answer": "呼吸机的舒缩运动", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "寡免疫复合物型新月体性肾炎最常见的血清学指标变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单克隆免疫球蛋白升高", "B": "抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体阳性", "C": "抗肾小球基底膜抗体阳性", "D": "抗核抗体阳性"}, "answer": "抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体阳性", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "早产儿指(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎龄>28周至<37足周的新生儿", "B": "胎龄>20周至37足周的新生儿", "C": "胎龄>20周至第37周的新生儿", "D": "胎龄>30周至<37足周的新生儿"}, "answer": "胎龄>28周至<37足周的新生儿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肠外营养最严重的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "气胸", "B": "空气栓塞", "C": "低钾血症", "D": "导管性脓毒症"}, "answer": "空气栓塞", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于炎症的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "炎症反应均对机体有利", "B": "任何机体均可发生炎症", "C": "炎症是一种防御反应", "D": "损伤必然导致炎症"}, "answer": "炎症是一种防御反应", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "临床医学研究应经伦理专家委员会(或上级主管部门)批准,其审查程序中的道德含义是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是否符合医学目的", "B": "是否符合受试者利益", "C": "是否符合知情同意", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "子宫动脉来自(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹主动脉", "B": "髂总动脉", "C": "髂内动脉", "D": "髂外动脉"}, "answer": "髂内动脉", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肥胖是下列哪种风湿病的易感因素?(  )", "options": {"A": "强直性脊柱炎", "B": "骨性关节炎", "C": "类风湿关节炎", "D": "反应性关节炎"}, "answer": "骨性关节炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "实施主动安乐死的首要社会条件是(  )。", "options": {"A": "家属的主动要求", "B": "安乐死的合法化", "C": "患者的主动要求", "D": "维护患者的尊严"}, "answer": "安乐死的合法化", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某幼儿园小班发现一患白喉的小朋友,试问对同班小朋友应采取什么紧急预防措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "注射白百破三联疫苗", "B": "注射白喉抗毒素", "C": "注射丙种球蛋白", "D": "注射抗生素"}, "answer": "注射白喉抗毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以下肛门截石位中,肛裂的好发部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "10点", "B": "6点", "C": "2点", "D": "8点"}, "answer": "6点", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性胰腺炎时,关于淀粉酶测定的正确叙述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "只有血、尿淀粉酶增高才能诊断急性胰腺炎", "B": "血清淀粉酶在8小时达峰值", "C": "血清淀粉酶超过正常2倍可确诊急性胰腺炎", "D": "淀粉酶的高低并不一定反映病情的严重程度"}, "answer": "淀粉酶的高低并不一定反映病情的严重程度", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "诊断成年女性贫血的标准是血红蛋白浓度低于(  )。", "options": {"A": "140g/L", "B": "130g/L", "C": "120g/L", "D": "110g/L"}, "answer": "110g/L", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "水痘皮疹特点不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮疹呈向心性分布", "B": "皮疹不伴瘙痒", "C": "丘疹、疱疹、结痂可同时存在", "D": "皮疹最初形态为斑丘疹"}, "answer": "皮疹最初形态为斑丘疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,25岁,平素健康。淋雨后,突发寒战、高热、头痛。第3天出现右侧胸痛、咳嗽、咳痰,胸片示右上肺大片实变影。2.最可能诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "大叶性肺炎", "B": "肺脓肿", "C": "肺结核", "D": "肺梗死"}, "answer": "大叶性肺炎", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.生后开始补充维生素D的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生后2周", "B": "3个月", "C": "4个月", "D": "12个月"}, "answer": "生后2周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "60岁甲亢病人,甲状腺Ⅲ。肿大,高代谢症状严重,肝、肾功能正常。首选的治疗措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即131I治疗", "B": "立即手术", "C": "复方碘溶液治疗2周后手术", "D": "抗甲状腺药物控制症状后手术"}, "answer": "抗甲状腺药物控制症状后手术", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "抢救急性一氧化碳中毒,尽快纠正组织缺氧应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸氧", "B": "高压氧舱", "C": "冬眠疗法", "D": "激素治疗"}, "answer": "高压氧舱", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,41岁,腰痛伴右下肢放射痛3个月,反复发作,与劳累有关,咳嗽或用力排便时可加重疼痛。查体:右直腿抬高试验40°阳性,加强试验阳性。X线片示L4椎间隙变窄。2.该患者右下肢麻木的区域可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "小腿外侧或足背", "B": "大腿前侧", "C": "小腿及足外侧、足底", "D": "臀部及大腿后侧"}, "answer": "小腿外侧或足背", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,35岁。近3年来持续表现入睡困难、精力疲乏,常感头晕、头痛,无愉快感,悲观失落,不愿意主动与人交往,但日常生活和工作尚无困难。无兴奋话多和自我评价高,无晨重夜轻节律变化,无消极自杀观念和行为。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "睡眠障碍", "B": "环性心境障碍", "C": "单相抑郁障碍", "D": "恶劣心境"}, "answer": "恶劣心境", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,17岁,右肘部摔伤2d。右肘关节肿胀,压痛明显,活动受限,内上髁处有骨擦感。首选哪项检查对诊断有意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "CT", "B": "X线摄片", "C": "B型超声", "D": "核素骨扫描"}, "answer": "X线摄片", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "抗体与抗原结合的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "VL和VH区", "B": "CH3区", "C": "铰链区", "D": "CD4区"}, "answer": "VL和VH区", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "人体实验的道德原则不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "符合医学目的的原则", "B": "符合病人健康高于医学目的原则", "C": "符合医学发展第一的原则", "D": "符合受试者利益的原则"}, "answer": "符合医学发展第一的原则", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于门静脉的描述,哪项是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "与腔静脉系之间存在有2个交通支", "B": "肝纤维化及再生结节对肝窦及肝静脉的压迫导致门静脉阻力升高是门静脉高压的始动因素", "C": "门静脉主干是由肠系膜上、下静脉与食管和胃底静脉汇合而成", "D": "门静脉压力通过瓣膜控制流入的血量和流出阻力维持"}, "answer": "肝纤维化及再生结节对肝窦及肝静脉的压迫导致门静脉阻力升高是门静脉高压的始动因素", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.DiGeorge综合征为(  )。", "options": {"A": "B细胞缺陷", "B": "T细胞缺陷", "C": "吞噬细胞缺陷", "D": "补体系统缺陷"}, "answer": "T细胞缺陷", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎时,脓液主要聚集于(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛛网膜与软脑膜之间的腔隙", "B": "蛛网膜与硬脑膜之间的腔隙", "C": "蛛网膜本身的疏松纤维组织间", "D": "软脑膜本身的疏松纤维组织间"}, "answer": "蛛网膜与软脑膜之间的腔隙", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.肝细胞肝癌时主要增高的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血淀粉酶检测", "B": "血清甲胎蛋白检测", "C": "腹部CT检查", "D": "绒毛膜激素"}, "answer": "血清甲胎蛋白检测", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.青年女性蛋白尿患者,诊断首先应注意除外(  )。", "options": {"A": "狼疮性肾炎", "B": "尿酸肾病", "C": "肾淀粉样变性", "D": "糖尿病肾病"}, "answer": "狼疮性肾炎", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "测定乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原亚型的意义为(  )。", "options": {"A": "流行病学调查", "B": "病原学诊断", "C": "确定抗病毒治疗措施", "D": "判断预后"}, "answer": "流行病学调查", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对淋病奈瑟菌(淋球菌)的叙述,唯一正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主要经呼吸道传播", "B": "人是淋球菌的唯一宿主", "C": "淋球菌可产生自溶酶", "D": "大多无荚膜和菌毛"}, "answer": "人是淋球菌的唯一宿主", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,30岁,1个月来乏力、头晕,无出血,不挑食;体检:BP 120/80mmHg,口唇粘膜溃疡1个,肝不大,脾侧位可及;Hb75g/L,网织红细胞11%。诊断自身免疫性溶血性贫血,为明确原因应检查(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清免疫球蛋白", "B": "血清补体", "C": "抗核抗体谱", "D": "ESR"}, "answer": "抗核抗体谱", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,65岁。15小时前因咳嗽而突然右下腹剧烈疼痛,右侧阴囊亦肿胀疼痛。右侧腹股沟区呈梨形隆起,不能回纳。行急诊手术治疗,术中发现嵌顿的肠管已坏死,应采取的手术方法是:坏死肠段切除和(  )。", "options": {"A": "无张力疝修补术", "B": "疝囊高位结扎术", "C": "Bassini修补术", "D": "疝成型术"}, "answer": "疝囊高位结扎术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "高血压危象的发生机制可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "机制尚不清楚", "B": "过高血压突破脑血管的自身调节能力,脑灌注过多", "C": "交感神经功能亢进和血循环中儿茶酚胺过多", "D": "血管肾素活性明显增高"}, "answer": "交感神经功能亢进和血循环中儿茶酚胺过多", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "新生儿娩出后最先采取的措施(  )。", "options": {"A": "断脐", "B": "擦洗新生儿面部", "C": "清理呼吸道", "D": "刺激新生儿足部"}, "answer": "清理呼吸道", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.能认识和指出身体各部分的月龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "9个月", "B": "12个月", "C": "15个月", "D": "18个月"}, "answer": "18个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "可引起眼裂变小的病变有(  )。", "options": {"A": "Horner征", "B": "展神经麻痹", "C": "面神经麻痹", "D": "滑车神经麻痹"}, "answer": "Horner征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者于3小时前从2m高处跌下,左腰部撞击伤。无昏迷。血压正常,左腰部疼痛伴轻压痛,无包块。尿常规RBC 5~10个/HP。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾挫伤", "B": "肾部分裂伤", "C": "肾全层裂伤", "D": "肾蒂断裂"}, "answer": "肾挫伤", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,20岁。甲状腺肿大5年,右侧叶明显,无不适,近来出现Horner综合征。其诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺腺瘤", "B": "单纯性甲状腺肿", "C": "Graves病", "D": "甲状腺癌"}, "answer": "甲状腺癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不符合清创术的叙述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "污染较重的伤口,可考虑清创后行延迟缝合", "B": "面颊部开放性损伤14小时,伤后曾使用抗生素,清创后一期缝合", "C": "较为深大的伤口清创后必须放置引流条", "D": "开放性创伤伤后12小时内使用破伤风抗毒素可起到预防作用"}, "answer": "较为深大的伤口清创后必须放置引流条", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "脊柱损伤后,跟腱反射消失,膝腱反射正常,脊髓的可能损伤节段是(  )。", "options": {"A": "T12以下", "B": "L5以下", "C": "L2以下", "D": "S1以下"}, "answer": "L5以下", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.属于医疗保健机构提供婚前卫生咨询的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "性卫生知识教育", "B": "遗传病诊察", "C": "心理健康指导", "D": "对生育保健提供医学意见"}, "answer": "对生育保健提供医学意见", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪个甲状腺激素在甲亢时升高最常见和最有诊断意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "TT4", "B": "FT3", "C": "FT4", "D": "rT3"}, "answer": "FT3", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在安静状态下,哪种体液因素对调节人体产热活动最重要?(  )", "options": {"A": "甲状腺激素", "B": "孕激素", "C": "去甲肾上腺素", "D": "乙酰胆碱"}, "answer": "甲状腺激素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列关于精神检查的技巧哪项错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "学会观察病人的言行、表情及对外界刺激的反应", "B": "耐心倾听病人的表述", "C": "对有妄想的病人及时予以纠正,以免妄想进一步加重", "D": "要寻找病人感兴趣的话题作为检查性交谈的切入点"}, "answer": "对有妄想的病人及时予以纠正,以免妄想进一步加重", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "动作电位沿运动神经纤维传导抵达神经—肌肉接头部位时,轴突末梢释放Ach,使终板膜产生终板电位,接着引发动作电位的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌细胞膜", "B": "终板膜", "C": "接头后膜", "D": "横管膜"}, "answer": "肌细胞膜", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,4个月,冬季出生。生后牛乳喂养,突发四肢抽搐,面肌颤动,两眼上翻,持续数秒至数分钟后自然缓解,1天来发作4~5次,每次缓解后一切活动正常。3.若化验检查示血钙2mmol/L(8mg/dl),钙磷乘积为25,X线长骨检查示骨骺软骨明显增宽,干骺端临时钙化带消失,呈毛刷状及杯口样改变,则应属维生素D缺乏性佝偻病的(  )。", "options": {"A": "初期", "B": "活动期(激期)", "C": "恢复期", "D": "后遗症期"}, "answer": "活动期(激期)", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "诊断颅盖骨折通常依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头颅X线摄片", "B": "剧烈头痛伴呕吐", "C": "头皮伤痕", "D": "对侧肢体偏瘫"}, "answer": "头颅X线摄片", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是衣原体与细菌的不同点?(  )", "options": {"A": "含有肽聚糖和胞壁酸", "B": "二分裂方式增殖", "C": "专性细胞内寄生", "D": "对抗生素敏感"}, "answer": "专性细胞内寄生", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在临床医学研究时对受试者选择的最佳道德原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "充分权衡受试者的负担和权益,受益要大于负担", "B": "只要病人同意,可不考虑受试者的负担和权益", "C": "受试者的负担和权益要大体持平", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "充分权衡受试者的负担和权益,受益要大于负担", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "慢性肺脓肿较急性肺脓肿更为常见的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺部闻及支气管呼吸音", "B": "肺部叩诊呈鼓音", "C": "肺部闻及湿啰音", "D": "杵状指"}, "answer": "杵状指", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男24岁,农民,8月5日畏寒、发热、剧烈头痛、全身性肌肉痛、咳嗽。查体:体温39.5℃。血压80/50mmHg,重病容,球结膜充血,巩膜轻度黄染,颈强(±),心肺(-),肝肋下1.5cm,脾未及,背区感叩击痛,腓肠肌压痛明显,克氏征(±),布氏征(-)。实验室检查:血白细胞5.4×109/L,中性粒细胞0.78,血沉90mm/h,总胆红素27μmol,尿蛋白(+)。脑脊液:蛋白质定性(±),细胞计数4.4×106/L,单核0.52,淋巴细胞0.42,糖、氯化物正常。应首先考虑诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "败血症", "B": "病毒性胸膜炎", "C": "出血热", "D": "钩端螺旋体病"}, "answer": "钩端螺旋体病", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,23岁。2小时前口服50%敌敌畏60ml,大约10分钟后出现呕吐、大汗,随后昏迷,急送入院。检查:呼吸急促,32次/分,血压18.7/13.3kPa(140/100mmHg),心律不齐,肠鸣音亢进,双侧瞳孔1~2mm,胸前有肌颤,全血(ChE活力为30%。病人入院后,除给洗胃和给氯解磷定治疗外,还应立即注射何种药物抢救?(  )", "options": {"A": "普萘洛尔", "B": "阿托品", "C": "毛果芸香碱", "D": "新斯的明"}, "answer": "阿托品", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,38岁。上腹部不适、食欲减退3年,体重减轻、乏力半年。查体:贫血貌,上腹部轻压痛。Hb 88g/L,MCV 115fl。胃镜检查示胃体皱襞稀疏、黏膜血管透见。2.对诊断最有意义的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血胃泌素", "B": "血胃蛋白酶原", "C": "血抗壁细胞抗体", "D": "血抗线粒体抗体M2亚型"}, "answer": "血抗壁细胞抗体", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在IgA,IgM,IgG,IgE及IgD中,下列哪项是IgE主要的抗体效应?(  )", "options": {"A": "阻断中和作用", "B": "裂解细胞作用", "C": "ADCC", "D": "参与Ⅳ型超敏反应"}, "answer": "参与Ⅳ型超敏反应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "25岁女性,左膝外上方逐渐隆起包块伴酸痛半年,X线平片提示左股骨下端外侧有一病灶,边缘膨胀,中央有肥皂泡样改变,无明显的骨膜反应。2.为确定诊断,最有力的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "局部穿刺组织检查", "B": "CT检查", "C": "核素骨扫描", "D": "外周血白细胞计数和分类"}, "answer": "局部穿刺组织检查", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心理健康指的是一个人能够具有(  )。", "options": {"A": "正常的心理状态", "B": "积极的心理活动", "C": "完好的人际关系", "D": "良好的环境适应功能"}, "answer": "良好的环境适应功能", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "胎盘的组成是(  )。", "options": {"A": "羊膜,叶状绒毛膜和底蜕膜", "B": "羊膜,叶状绒毛膜和包蜕膜", "C": "羊膜,平滑绒毛膜和底蜕膜", "D": "羊膜,平滑绒毛膜和直蜕膜"}, "answer": "羊膜,叶状绒毛膜和底蜕膜", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.恶性程度高,预后差的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳头状癌", "B": "未分化癌", "C": "髓样癌", "D": "甲状腺腺瘤"}, "answer": "未分化癌", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "口服华法林时INR的值需控制在(  )。", "options": {"A": "0.5~1", "B": "1~1.5", "C": "1.5~2", "D": "2~3"}, "answer": "2~3", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,40岁,右侧乳房肿痛并可触及肿块,疼痛在月经前加重,诊断最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性乳腺炎", "B": "慢性乳腺炎", "C": "乳腺囊性增生病", "D": "乳腺癌"}, "answer": "乳腺囊性增生病", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.妊娠期母体心排出量开始增加的时间(  )。", "options": {"A": "孕10周", "B": "孕20周", "C": "孕32~34周", "D": "孕38周"}, "answer": "孕10周", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "脊髓灰质炎、甲型肝炎等病毒的病毒体结构组成为(  )。", "options": {"A": "核酸和刺突", "B": "衣壳和包膜", "C": "核酸和衣壳", "D": "核酸和包膜"}, "answer": "核酸和衣壳", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "短期饥饿时,下列哪项是维持血糖浓度的主要方式?(  )", "options": {"A": "肝糖原分解", "B": "肌糖原分解", "C": "酮体转变成糖", "D": "糖异生作用"}, "answer": "糖异生作用", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "治疗急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎通常选择的方法(  )。", "options": {"A": "非手术治疗", "B": "做胆总管切开减压、T管引流手术", "C": "鼻胆管引流(ENBD)", "D": "胆囊造瘘手术"}, "answer": "做胆总管切开减压、T管引流手术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "家族性息肉病首选的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内镜下摘除", "B": "内镜下圈套电灼切除", "C": "开腹手术", "D": "肛门镜下显微手术"}, "answer": "开腹手术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.确诊血友病的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素试验", "B": "凝血活酶生成及纠正试验", "C": "D-二聚体测定", "D": "毛细血管脆性试验"}, "answer": "凝血活酶生成及纠正试验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症,危及生命的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "手足搐搦", "B": "无热惊厥", "C": "喉痉挛", "D": "腓反射阳性"}, "answer": "喉痉挛", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性心肌梗死第3周出现发热和心包摩擦音,血沉30mm/h,血白细胞6.0×109/L,中性粒细胞55%,可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性心肌梗死的反应性心包炎", "B": "急性心肌梗死后综合征", "C": "伴发病毒性心包炎", "D": "肺炎"}, "answer": "急性心肌梗死后综合征", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪种物质不是嘌呤核苷酸从头合成的直接原料(  )。", "options": {"A": "谷氨酸", "B": "天冬氨酸", "C": "CO2", "D": "一碳单位"}, "answer": "谷氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,9岁,水肿、少尿3天,头痛、呕吐1日,因突然抽搐急来就诊。查体:意识不清,颜面明显水肿,四肢抽搐,血压165/120mmHg。给予紧急处理,不正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌内注射地西泮", "B": "吸氧", "C": "硝普钠静脉注射", "D": "二氮嗪快速静脉注射"}, "answer": "硝普钠静脉注射", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "DNA上某段碱基顺序为ATCGGC,其互补链的碱基顺序是(  )。", "options": {"A": "TAGCCG", "B": "ATCGGC", "C": "GCCGAT", "D": "GCCGAU"}, "answer": "GCCGAT", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪一种器官最易发生脂肪变性?(  )", "options": {"A": "心脏", "B": "肝脏", "C": "脾脏", "D": "肾脏"}, "answer": "肝脏", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列细胞中,能分泌降钙素的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺滤泡细胞", "B": "甲状旁腺细胞", "C": "神经垂体细胞", "D": "甲状腺滤泡旁细胞"}, "answer": "甲状腺滤泡旁细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某患者尸检发现,其肺体积增大,边缘钝圆,色灰白,质软而缺乏弹性,指压后遗留压痕,此人可能死于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺癌", "B": "肺结核", "C": "肺气肿", "D": "硅沉着病"}, "answer": "肺气肿", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,17岁,近半月低热37.8℃,讲话含糊,情绪易激惹,对父母态度粗暴,有时打骂,胡言乱语,自笑,乱窜病室,抽搐一次,有二便失禁。查体:T137.5℃,P100次/分,BPl40/90mmHg,下肢肌张力增高,右侧巴氏征(+),克氏征(-)。脑脊液:潘氏阳性;精神检查:意识模糊,表情呆滞,言语减少,偶有一言半语,称父母是“后爹娘”,无故自笑。头部CT正常;脑电图:弥漫性δ波以额颞为主,有阵发性尖波发放。该患者诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒性脑炎所致精神障碍", "B": "癔症", "C": "脑肿瘤所致精神障碍", "D": "精神分裂症"}, "answer": "病毒性脑炎所致精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,60岁。发热伴寒战、心悸7天,体温最高39℃,头痛、咳嗽,右大腿肿痛,病情渐重入院。查体:T 38℃,P 100次/分,R 24次/分,BP 100/75mmHg。神志清楚,巩膜轻度黄染,双肺呼吸音粗,无啰音,心脏无异常,腹平软、无压痛,肝区无叩痛。右大腿中段红肿,范围约10cm,压痛明显,有波动感。血WBC 20×109/L,Hb 100g/L,多次血培养(-)。1.该患者目前最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脓毒症", "B": "菌血症", "C": "急性肺炎", "D": "感染性休克"}, "answer": "脓毒症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.缺铁性贫血(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞大小不等,中心淡染区扩大", "B": "细胞中含粗大嗜天青颗粒比例I>30%", "C": "骨髓增生低下,造血细胞减少", "D": "红细胞中有染色质小体"}, "answer": "红细胞大小不等,中心淡染区扩大", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有一名16岁男孩,2小时前3楼掉下一花盆击伤左顶部,当时有短暂意识障碍,左顶部有1.5cm长头皮不全裂伤,局部头皮肿胀,正侧切位颅片示左顶凹陷骨折,陷入深度0.5cm,头颅CT示左顶凹陷骨折,局部头皮肿胀。2.下列哪项处理是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "清洁不全裂伤头皮", "B": "凹陷骨折不需处理", "C": "给予抗生素", "D": "加压包扎"}, "answer": "加压包扎", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.大面积皮肤剥脱伤需(  )。", "options": {"A": "清创及一期缝合", "B": "清创后暂不予缝合", "C": "清创及植皮", "D": "局部消毒包扎"}, "answer": "清创及植皮", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.弥漫性膜性肾炎的特点(  )。", "options": {"A": "少尿、水肿、高血压", "B": "多尿、夜尿、低比重尿", "C": "无痛性血尿", "D": "肾病综合征"}, "answer": "肾病综合征", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "足月儿出生后3天出现黄疸,母血AB型,第4天血清胆红素171μmol/L。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Rh溶血病", "B": "生理性黄疸", "C": "败血症", "D": "胆道闭锁"}, "answer": "生理性黄疸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于侵蚀性葡萄胎的特点、诊断和治疗,下列哪项错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "多发生在葡萄胎术后6个月内", "B": "葡萄胎术后仍有阴道出血,子宫仍大于正常", "C": "早期以血行转移为主", "D": "有绒毛结构,滋养细胞增生伴分化不良者为侵蚀性葡萄胎的病理特点"}, "answer": "早期以血行转移为主", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.给予刑事处罚(  )。", "options": {"A": "造成医疗责任事故、情节严重的", "B": "隐匿、伪造或者擅自销毁医学文书,构成犯罪的", "C": "受刑事处罚的", "D": "考核不合格的医师"}, "answer": "隐匿、伪造或者擅自销毁医学文书,构成犯罪的", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于未取得母婴保健技术相应合格证书,出具有关医学证明的医疗机构,给予行政处罚应包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "停业整顿", "B": "罚款", "C": "没收非法所得", "D": "取消执业资格"}, "answer": "罚款", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.阻断抑制性神经介质的释放,导致肌肉痉挛的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "霍乱肠毒素", "B": "肉毒毒素", "C": "α毒素", "D": "破伤风痉挛毒素"}, "answer": "破伤风痉挛毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于血尿描述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿沉渣低倍镜下视野红细胞>5个", "B": "尿沉渣高倍镜下视野红细胞>3个", "C": "尿沉渣低倍镜下视野红细胞>3个", "D": "1000ml尿液含有10ml血方可表现为肉眼血尿"}, "answer": "尿沉渣高倍镜下视野红细胞>3个", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "已确诊脊髓压迫症,最重要的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "良好的护理", "B": "适量的抗生素", "C": "按摩", "D": "病因治疗"}, "answer": "病因治疗", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项不是霍乱患者泻吐期的临床特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "多数腹泻伴有里急后重", "B": "大便每日数次至10数次或无法计数", "C": "粪便以黄水便或清水便为多", "D": "粪便有鱼腥味,镜检无脓细胞"}, "answer": "多数腹泻伴有里急后重", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "轻度慢性肝炎的特征性病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "亚大片状坏死", "B": "碎片状坏死", "C": "桥接坏死", "D": "灶状坏死"}, "answer": "碎片状坏死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "甲状腺危象的典型临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心率加快、血压升高、头晕、头痛", "B": "心悸、气促、呕吐、腹泻", "C": "心率>160次/min,体温>39℃,呕吐、腹泻", "D": "面色苍白、四肢发冷、呼吸困难"}, "answer": "心率>160次/min,体温>39℃,呕吐、腹泻", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于女性生殖道防御机制的描述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阴道黏膜为柱状上皮,抗感染能力强", "B": "正常阴道菌群为乳杆菌和大肠埃希菌为主", "C": "两侧大阴唇自然合拢,防止外界污染", "D": "妇女正常月经可增加宫腔感染机会"}, "answer": "两侧大阴唇自然合拢,防止外界污染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "确诊CO中毒最主要的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "空气中CO的浓度", "B": "血液中碳氧血红蛋白的有无", "C": "昏迷的深度", "D": "缺氧的程度"}, "answer": "血液中碳氧血红蛋白的有无", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "固有免疫应答是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "病原体感染2周后诱导的免疫应答", "B": "先天具有的,感染早期发生的非特异性免疫应答", "C": "进化上不保守的免疫应答", "D": "依赖TCR激活的免疫应答"}, "answer": "先天具有的,感染早期发生的非特异性免疫应答", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "能转化生成儿茶酚胺的氨基酸是(  )。", "options": {"A": "色氨酸", "B": "酪氨酸", "C": "脯氨酸", "D": "蛋氨酸"}, "answer": "酪氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.与子宫颈癌的发生有关(  )。", "options": {"A": "HPV", "B": "EB病毒", "C": "幽门螺旋杆菌", "D": "SARS病毒"}, "answer": "HPV", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.急性胰腺炎时,血脂肪酶开始升高的时间一般是在发病后(  )。", "options": {"A": "24小时", "B": "48小时", "C": "10小时", "D": "2小时"}, "answer": "24小时", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "脑器质性精神障碍的高发年龄阶段为(  )。", "options": {"A": "老年", "B": "少年", "C": "壮年", "D": "儿童"}, "answer": "老年", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有关硬化性肾小球肾炎的描述,下列哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "75%的肾小球球性硬化", "B": "大部分肾单位硬化和萎缩,部分肾单位代偿性肥大", "C": "肾盂扩张,肾实质萎缩", "D": "肾间质纤维化、肾小动脉硬化"}, "answer": "肾盂扩张,肾实质萎缩", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.绿脓杆菌感染的脓液特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脓液稀薄,淡黄,量较多", "B": "脓液稠厚,黄色,不臭", "C": "脓液淡绿,有甜腥臭", "D": "脓液有特殊恶臭"}, "answer": "脓液淡绿,有甜腥臭", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某人在意外事故中脊髓受损,丧失横断面下一切躯体与内脏反射活动,但数周后屈肌反射、腱反射等反射开始逐渐恢复。这表明该患者在受伤当时出现了(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑水肿", "B": "脑震荡", "C": "脊休克", "D": "脊髓水肿"}, "answer": "脊休克", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,71岁,低热、乏力2周。查体:双锁骨触痛,贫血貌,肝脾肋下未触及,Traub鼓音已消失。实验室检查:Hb80g/L,WBC5.6×109/L,PLT34×109/L,血片中原始细胞占20%。考虑诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性白血病", "B": "结缔组织病", "C": "再生障碍性贫血", "D": "恶性淋巴瘤"}, "answer": "急性白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.用于去甲肾上腺素静脉滴注外漏时(  )。", "options": {"A": "酚妥拉明", "B": "异丙肾上腺素", "C": "酚苄明", "D": "噻吗洛尔"}, "answer": "酚妥拉明", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "神经肌肉接头处的化学递质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素", "B": "去甲肾上腺素", "C": "乙酰胆碱", "D": "γ-氨基丁酸"}, "answer": "乙酰胆碱", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项不是心肌梗死的并发症?(  )", "options": {"A": "心脏破裂", "B": "附壁血栓形成", "C": "急性心包炎", "D": "虎斑心"}, "answer": "虎斑心", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,69岁。高血压冠心病病史12年。因发作性言语不能、右侧肢体麻木无力5天入院,共发作4次,每次持续约5~10分钟可自行缓解。入院时查体:血压170/90mmHg,神经系统无阳性定位体征。2.该患者的诊断很可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压性脑出血", "B": "颈内动脉系统TIA", "C": "脑血栓形成", "D": "高血压脑病"}, "answer": "颈内动脉系统TIA", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "窦房结细胞动作电位0期去极化的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ca+内流", "B": "Cl-内流", "C": "K+内流", "D": "K+外流"}, "answer": "Ca+内流", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是注射破伤风抗毒素(TAT)的目的?(  )", "options": {"A": "对易感人群进行预防接种", "B": "对可疑或确诊的破伤风患者进行紧急预防或治疗", "C": "主要用于儿童的预防接种", "D": "中和与神经细胞结合的毒素"}, "answer": "对可疑或确诊的破伤风患者进行紧急预防或治疗", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "传播途径中与艾滋病无关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "注射", "B": "性接触", "C": "虫媒", "D": "器官移植"}, "answer": "虫媒", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "诊断颅内占位病变无痛、安全、准确的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头颅CT", "B": "头颅X线平片", "C": "脑电图", "D": "脑血管造影"}, "answer": "头颅CT", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,70岁。上腹痛1年,进食后加重,大便10次/天,可见脂肪滴。查体:上腹中部压痛(+)。腹部B超:胰腺多发钙化灶。应给予的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胰酶制剂", "B": "质子泵抑制剂", "C": "钙通道阻滞剂", "D": "抗胆碱药物"}, "answer": "胰酶制剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "婴儿期心理卫生工作中最为重要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "经常给孩子以爱抚", "B": "加强语言训练,避免不正确的语言训练和模仿", "C": "创造尽可能好的生活环境", "D": "强调成年人的身教作用"}, "answer": "加强语言训练,避免不正确的语言训练和模仿", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿4岁,近1月来发热,面部苍白,多汗,易疲倦,近几日来四肢大关节游走性疼痛,为确定是否为风湿性关节炎,医生做了一些检查,下列哪项对风湿性的可能有提示作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "抗“O”", "B": "A族β溶血性链球菌", "C": "葡萄球菌", "D": "肺炎支原体"}, "answer": "抗“O”", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿时期白细胞总数的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "初生时为30×109~40×109/L", "B": "1周时平均为20×109/L", "C": "婴儿期约10×109/L", "D": "3岁时接近成人水平"}, "answer": "婴儿期约10×109/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,4个月,体重5kg,腹泻3天,每日7或8次,蛋花汤样、无腥臭,奶后呕吐2次。面色稍苍白,上腭裂,精神较差,皮肤稍干燥,眼窝、前囟凹陷,皮下脂肪0.3cm,皮肤弹性较差,哭有泪,四肢末梢较冷,血清钠128mmol/L。3.当患儿痊愈出院时,对家长可做下列指导,哪一项除外?(  )", "options": {"A": "先天性畸形(上腭裂)矫治", "B": "继续母乳喂养,避免夏季断乳", "C": "加强气候变化时的护理", "D": "迅速添加辅食如蛋黄、炼乳"}, "answer": "迅速添加辅食如蛋黄、炼乳", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.与ATP生成有关的主要过程是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氧化与磷酸化的偶联", "B": "CO对电子传递的影响", "C": "2H+与1/2O2的结合", "D": "乳酸脱氢酶催化的反应"}, "answer": "氧化与磷酸化的偶联", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项为谵妄综合征的主要特征?(  )", "options": {"A": "意识障碍昼轻夜重", "B": "幻觉", "C": "注意涣散", "D": "记忆减退"}, "answer": "意识障碍昼轻夜重", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于增强子的序列的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "含两组72bp串联(顺向)重复序列,核心部分为TGTGGAATTAG", "B": "高度重复序列", "C": "含八聚体结构", "D": "含回文结构"}, "answer": "含两组72bp串联(顺向)重复序列,核心部分为TGTGGAATTAG", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "国家、省级疾病预防控制机构负责(  )。", "options": {"A": "对传染病发生、流行以及分布进行监测", "B": "提出预防控制对策", "C": "参与并指导对暴发的疫情进行调查处理", "D": "以上都对"}, "answer": "以上都对", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肺癌的病理分型中较为常见的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小细胞癌", "B": "鳞癌", "C": "腺癌", "D": "几率均等"}, "answer": "鳞癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,20岁,鼻衄,全身不适20天。查体:皮肤散在出血点,颈部淋巴结黄豆至蚕豆大小4~5个,脾肋下2cm,血红蛋白80g/L,白细胞12×109/L,血小板12×109/L。下列检查最重要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血分类", "B": "骨髓检查", "C": "血小板抗体", "D": "铁染色"}, "answer": "骨髓检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪一种肿瘤的恶性类型应归入癌(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳头状瘤", "B": "纤维瘤", "C": "脂肪瘤", "D": "血管瘤"}, "answer": "乳头状瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有关急性肾小球肾炎的描述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "以下都是正确的", "B": "1/3~1/2患者有镜下血尿", "C": "水肿多为重度,指压凹陷性明显", "D": "严重症状常在1~2周内发生"}, "answer": "严重症状常在1~2周内发生", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.流感嗜血杆菌脑膜炎选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "氨苄青霉素", "B": "利福平", "C": "庆大霉素", "D": "万古霉素"}, "answer": "氨苄青霉素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性风湿热抗“O”增高与下降的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "链球菌感染后10天增高,持续4周下降", "B": "链球菌感染后7天增高,持续2周下降", "C": "链球菌感染后2周增高,持续2个月下降", "D": "链球菌感染后4周增高,持续2个月下降"}, "answer": "链球菌感染后2周增高,持续2个月下降", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男性,24岁,有不洁性接触史,因近2日尿急、尿频、排尿刺痛而来院就诊。查体见尿道口有白色脓性分泌物。分泌物涂片染色,镜下见到G-成双排列的球菌。试问,该患者感染可能是由下列哪一种细菌引起?(  )", "options": {"A": "淋球菌", "B": "肺炎球菌", "C": "链球菌", "D": "脑膜炎球菌"}, "answer": "淋球菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.心动周期中,主动脉压的最高值是(  )。", "options": {"A": "舒张压", "B": "循环系统平均充盈压", "C": "收缩压", "D": "脉压"}, "answer": "收缩压", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,25岁,不规则发热5个月,伴四肢关节肿痛,近2个月出现面颊部对称性红斑,有口腔溃疡反复发作。化验:RF(+),尿蛋白(++)。3.该患者可能出现以下体征,但应除外(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤损害", "B": "胸腔积液", "C": "关节畸形、肌肉萎缩", "D": "雷诺现象"}, "answer": "关节畸形、肌肉萎缩", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "决定法洛四联症临床严重程度及预后的主要因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动脉骑跨", "B": "右心室肥大", "C": "室间隔缺损", "D": "肺动脉狭窄"}, "answer": "肺动脉狭窄", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭最常见的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺纤维化", "B": "肺结核", "C": "阻塞性肺炎", "D": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病"}, "answer": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.过夜1mg地塞米松抑制试验可被抑制(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺皮质腺瘤或腺癌", "B": "Addison病", "C": "单纯性肥胖", "D": "原发性醛固酮增多症"}, "answer": "单纯性肥胖", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "原位癌是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "早期癌", "B": "原发癌", "C": "癌前病变", "D": "未突破基底膜的癌"}, "answer": "未突破基底膜的癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "恶性淋巴瘤最典型的临床表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "无痛性淋巴结肿大", "B": "肝脾肿大", "C": "体重减轻", "D": "贫血"}, "answer": "无痛性淋巴结肿大", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,25岁。双手关节肿胀、疼痛2个月,发热伴胸痛1周。查体见口腔溃疡。血常规:血WBC 2.11×109/L,Hb 90g/L,PLT 65×109/L。尿蛋白(++),尿RBC(++)。胸部X线片示双侧少量胸腔积液。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "再生障碍性贫血", "B": "肾小球肾炎", "C": "结核性胸膜炎", "D": "系统性红斑狼疮"}, "answer": "系统性红斑狼疮", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "内脏痛的主要特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "刺痛", "B": "快而短暂", "C": "定位不准确", "D": "对牵拉不敏感"}, "answer": "定位不准确", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "属于卵巢性索-间质细胞肿瘤的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卵巢甲状腺肿", "B": "颗粒细胞癌", "C": "绒毛膜癌", "D": "胚胎癌"}, "answer": "颗粒细胞癌", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "糖原分解的关键酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "磷酸化酶", "B": "脱支酶", "C": "分支酶", "D": "葡萄糖磷酸变位酶"}, "answer": "磷酸化酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "囊虫寄生于人体的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "眼", "B": "肌肉", "C": "脑", "D": "以上都可"}, "answer": "以上都可", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "HCV的核酸类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单股正链RNA", "B": "单股负链RNA", "C": "双股RNA", "D": "单股DNA"}, "answer": "单股正链RNA", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项为心身疾病的界定条件?(  )", "options": {"A": "在发病的原因中心理社会因素是重要的因素", "B": "具有明显的器质性病理改变或病理生理变化", "C": "不是神经症和精神病", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肱骨中段骨折,为粉碎性骨折,选择哪一种治疗方法为好?(  )", "options": {"A": "髓内针固定", "B": "骨牵引治疗", "C": "加压钢板固定", "D": "手法复位,夹板固定"}, "answer": "手法复位,夹板固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.酒精性肝病患者肝脏可逆性损伤常表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脂肪变", "B": "玻璃样变", "C": "淀粉样变", "D": "黏液样变"}, "answer": "脂肪变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.属于半抗原的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素", "B": "ABO血型物质", "C": "脂多糖", "D": "BSA"}, "answer": "脂多糖", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "血液中降钙素主要由哪一种细胞产生?(  )", "options": {"A": "胰岛B细胞", "B": "胰岛A细胞", "C": "甲状腺C细胞", "D": "小肠上部S细胞"}, "answer": "甲状腺C细胞", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医疗审慎的积极作用的突出表现应该是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有利于保护医生的利益", "B": "有利于医疗质量的提高", "C": "有利于保护医学的发展", "D": "有利于保护医院的和谐"}, "answer": "有利于医疗质量的提高", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,17岁,近半月低热37.8℃,讲话含糊,情绪易激惹,对父母态度粗暴,有时打骂,胡言乱语,自笑,乱窜病室,抽搐一次,有二便失禁。查体:T37.5℃,P100次/分,BP140/90mmHg,下肢肌张力增高,右侧巴氏征(+),克氏征(-)。脑脊液:潘氏阳性;精神检查:意识模糊,表情呆滞,言语减少,偶有一言半语,称父母是“后爹娘”,无故自笑。头部CT正常;脑电图:弥漫性δ波以额颞为主,有阵发性尖波发放。该患者诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒性脑炎所致精神障碍", "B": "癔症", "C": "精神分裂症", "D": "癫痫性精神障碍"}, "answer": "病毒性脑炎所致精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.尿胆素原增加,尿胆红素阴性(  )。", "options": {"A": "溶血性黄疸", "B": "肝细胞性黄疸", "C": "后天性卟啉症", "D": "多发性骨髓瘤"}, "answer": "溶血性黄疸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "体重4.9kg,身长57cm,骨缝已闭,能咿呀发音,最可能的月龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1个月", "B": "3个月", "C": "4个月", "D": "5个月"}, "answer": "3个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "诊断绞窄性肠梗阻最可靠的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉造影", "B": "有气过水音和金属音", "C": "X线检查小肠有多个阶梯状液平", "D": "腹肌紧张,有压痛和反跳痛"}, "answer": "腹肌紧张,有压痛和反跳痛", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌患者的治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "手术治疗", "B": "化学治疗", "C": "放射治疗", "D": "免疫治疗"}, "answer": "手术治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "生育过严重缺陷患儿的妇女再次妊娠前,应采取的医学措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "终止妊娠", "B": "医学检查", "C": "定期指导", "D": "产前诊断"}, "answer": "医学检查", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某一晚期艾滋病病人出现脑膜脑炎的症状、体征,脑脊液检查有高滴度抗体,以印度墨汁染色发现大量有厚荚膜的酵母型菌,引起这种机会性感染最可能的真菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "厌酷球孢子菌", "B": "新型隐球菌", "C": "脑膜炎球菌", "D": "白念球菌"}, "answer": "新型隐球菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肉毒梭菌的生物学特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "无鞭毛", "B": "荚膜化学成分为多糖", "C": "芽胞与菌体成汤匙状", "D": "血琼脂平皿上不溶血"}, "answer": "芽胞与菌体成汤匙状", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "10个月患者,轻咳伴发热半天,晚上呕吐4次,不久频泻水样便,初色黄后转白,量多黏液少、无腥臭,尿极少,于10月底就诊。体温39℃,面色苍白,前囟眼窝凹陷,哭泪少,咽充血,心肺无异常,腹稍胀,皮肤弹性减退。2.对该儿下述处理哪一项不是必须的?(  )", "options": {"A": "口服ORS", "B": "动脉血气分析", "C": "血钠钾氯测定", "D": "大便镜检和培养"}, "answer": "大便镜检和培养", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.有多种繁殖方式的微生物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "放线菌", "B": "立克次体", "C": "螺旋体", "D": "真菌"}, "answer": "真菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,42岁,上腹疼痛8小时,伴发热,体温38.5℃,频繁呕吐。查体发现上腹部肌紧张、压痛,无移动性浊音。血白细胞15×109/L。X线检查:膈下未见游离气体。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性胰腺炎", "B": "胆石症", "C": "胃溃疡穿孔", "D": "直肠癌"}, "answer": "急性胰腺炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,男,11个月,长期腹泻,近1个月发现其面色渐发黄,不愿活动,外观虚胖,皮肤散在出血点,头部时而震颤,下列哪项符合其血象改变?(  )", "options": {"A": "红细胞以大者为多,其总数减低>血红蛋白减低", "B": "红细胞与血红蛋白成比例减低", "C": "红细胞以大者为多,其总数减低<血红蛋白减低", "D": "红细胞以小者为多,其总数减低<血红蛋白减低"}, "answer": "红细胞以大者为多,其总数减低>血红蛋白减低", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列对诊断妊娠甲亢无帮助的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血总T3、T4升高", "B": "体重不随妊娠月数而增加", "C": "休息时脉率>100次/分", "D": "四肢近端肌肉消瘦"}, "answer": "血总T3、T4升高", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "属于游离型胆汁酸的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脱氧胆酸、鹅脱氧胆酸", "B": "牛磺胆酸", "C": "甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸", "D": "牛磺鹅脱氧胆酸"}, "answer": "脱氧胆酸、鹅脱氧胆酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某女,23岁。突发心悸半小时,自数脉率为180次/分,脉率齐,将面部沉浸在冰水中心悸突然好转,自数脉率为70次/分,脉率齐,冷刺激使其症状缓解的最主要机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "房室交界区不应期延长", "B": "窦房结自律细胞增强", "C": "房室延搁时间缩短", "D": "房室交界区细胞4期自动去极化减弱"}, "answer": "房室交界区不应期延长", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "Ⅲ度胎盘早剥的临床表现正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "触诊胎位清楚", "B": "听诊胎心正常", "C": "妊娠晚期无痛性阴道出血", "D": "休克程度与阴道流血量不成正比"}, "answer": "休克程度与阴道流血量不成正比", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "变异性心绞痛患者首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ACEI", "B": "利多卡因", "C": "硝苯地平", "D": "普萘洛尔"}, "answer": "硝苯地平", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "为研究老年人的糖尿病患病率,拟进行抽样调查,下列不属于抽样调查中决定样本含量的因素的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "预期现患率", "B": "调查者的数量", "C": "精确度", "D": "把握度"}, "answer": "调查者的数量", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.急性肾盂肾炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热伴寒战", "B": "发热伴肝脾肿大", "C": "发热伴出血", "D": "发热伴昏迷"}, "answer": "发热伴寒战", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "糖异生途径是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳酸生成葡萄糖的具体反应过程", "B": "丙酮酸生成葡萄糖的具体反应过程", "C": "酮体生成葡萄糖的具体反应过程", "D": "氨基酸生成葡萄糖的具体反应过程"}, "answer": "丙酮酸生成葡萄糖的具体反应过程", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "糖尿病是一组病因不明的内分泌代谢病,下列哪项为其共同主要标志?(  )", "options": {"A": "乏力", "B": "多饮、多尿、多食", "C": "消瘦", "D": "高血糖"}, "answer": "高血糖", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于理想质粒载体的特点的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "含有同一限制酶的多个切点", "B": "含有多种限制酶的单一切点", "C": "为线性单链DNA", "D": "其复制受宿主控制"}, "answer": "含有多种限制酶的单一切点", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "诊断钩端螺旋体病的血清学检查方法为(  )。", "options": {"A": "外一斐试验", "B": "补体结合试验", "C": "显微镜凝集溶解试验", "D": "红细胞溶解试验"}, "answer": "显微镜凝集溶解试验", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,45岁。1年前发现血压170/110mmHg,长期口服氨氯地平等药物治疗,2个月前诊断为糖尿病,口服降糖药治疗,目前血压、血糖均在正常范围。该患者高血压诊断正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压3级,高危", "B": "高血压2级,高危", "C": "高血压3级,很高危", "D": "高血压2级,很高危"}, "answer": "高血压3级,很高危", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "新生儿寒冷损伤综合征的硬肿最先出现于(  )。", "options": {"A": "大腿", "B": "小腿", "C": "臀部", "D": "面颊"}, "answer": "臀部", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "确定食物中毒的可疑食物主要是根据(  )。", "options": {"A": "在同一场所同一时间未发病者未进食的食物", "B": "潜伏期最短者", "C": "病人的潜伏期特有的中毒症状", "D": "发病者的临床症状"}, "answer": "在同一场所同一时间未发病者未进食的食物", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "早期诊断化脓性关节炎,最有确诊价值的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血沉", "B": "血培养", "C": "血细胞计数及分类", "D": "关节穿刺及关节液检查"}, "answer": "关节穿刺及关节液检查", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "卫生服务反应性中的。“对人尊重”包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "尊严、自主性和保密性", "B": "尊严、及时性和社会支持", "C": "社会支持、及时性和保密性", "D": "社会支持、自主性和保密性"}, "answer": "尊严、自主性和保密性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不是矽肺诊断主要依据的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "接触粉尘的职业史", "B": "临床症状", "C": "胸片", "D": "活检"}, "answer": "临床症状", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "噬菌体在生物学分类上属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌", "B": "病毒", "C": "放线菌", "D": "衣原体"}, "answer": "病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "诊断急性肾盂肾炎最主要的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脓尿和菌尿", "B": "高热、寒战、腰痛", "C": "上输尿管肋腰点压痛", "D": "尿蛋白不多"}, "answer": "脓尿和菌尿", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,70岁,下台阶时摔伤髋部。查体:右下肢短缩3cm,足外旋45°,髋部叩压痛明显,旋转痛阳性髋部无明显肿胀,该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右股骨干骨折", "B": "右髋脱位", "C": "右股骨颈骨折", "D": "右粗隆间骨折"}, "answer": "右股骨颈骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "Rogers认为医生对患者应具备的成功态度是,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "同感", "B": "真诚", "C": "关心", "D": "保证"}, "answer": "保证", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,46岁。阵发性胸痛4个月,近7天于夜间睡眠时发作,持续约20分钟自行缓解。发作时心电图示V1~V5导联ST段抬高。查体:心界不大,未闻及心包摩擦音。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "变异型心绞痛", "B": "初发型心绞痛", "C": "恶化型心绞痛", "D": "急性心肌梗死"}, "answer": "变异型心绞痛", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "脊髓灰质炎典型热型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "双峰热", "B": "弛张热", "C": "间歇热", "D": "低热"}, "answer": "双峰热", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,31岁。产后5个月,哺乳期,阴道不规则流血半月余,胸闷咳嗽10天。妇科检查:宫颈前唇有一个2cm×1cm×1cm的紫蓝色结节,子宫如50天妊娠大小,质软,无压痛。双侧附件区各触及囊性包块,均约6cm×5cm×5cm大小,表面光滑。胸X线片示双肺中下部多发棉絮状阴影。3.首选的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卵巢肿瘤切除术", "B": "放射治疗", "C": "清宫术", "D": "化学治疗"}, "answer": "化学治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.股疝(  )。", "options": {"A": "疝环位于腹壁下动脉的内侧", "B": "疝内容物为多个肠袢", "C": "疝囊位于股管内", "D": "疝囊部分由盲肠构成"}, "answer": "疝囊位于股管内", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于足月儿的外观特点,下列错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鼻软骨发育良好", "B": "指(趾)甲过指尖", "C": "足底纹理多", "D": "女婴大阴唇不能遮盖小阴唇"}, "answer": "女婴大阴唇不能遮盖小阴唇", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "8个月婴儿,体重8kg,腹泻4天,每天10余次,尿很少,精神萎靡,呼吸深长,皮肤发花,弹性差,前囟、眼眶明显凹陷,肢冷脉弱,心率160次/min,心音低钝。3.若此时测得该患儿血生化结果为:CO2CP为11.2mmol/L,血钠135mmol/L,应选用下列哪种混合配制液(按生理盐水:葡萄糖:1.4%碳酸氢钠配制)进行第一天补液(  )。", "options": {"A": "3:3:1液", "B": "2:3:1液", "C": "2:2:1液", "D": "2:6:1液"}, "answer": "2:3:1液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "流脑的流行病学特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病菌由飞沫直接经空气传播", "B": "冬春季流行", "C": "9个月~2岁的婴幼儿发病率最高", "D": "以上均是"}, "answer": "以上均是", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,36岁。月经稀发3年。停经1年。实验室检查:血FSH 48U/L,雌激素10pg/ml。最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "卵巢早衰", "B": "黄体功能不足", "C": "多囊卵巢综合征", "D": "子宫内膜异位症"}, "answer": "卵巢早衰", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.桡神经损(  )。", "options": {"A": "垂腕、垂指畸形", "B": "爪形手畸形", "C": "猿手畸形", "D": "锅铲畸形"}, "answer": "垂腕、垂指畸形", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪项不是躯体疾病所致精神障碍的精神症状?(  )", "options": {"A": "急性脑病综合征", "B": "脑衰弱综合征", "C": "精神自动综合征", "D": "情感障碍"}, "answer": "精神自动综合征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "符合小儿髓外造血的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "末梢血中可出现异常淋巴细胞", "B": "造血需要时可恢复胎儿期造血状态", "C": "表现肝大,脾和淋巴结不大", "D": "贫血矫正后仍不恢复正常状态"}, "answer": "造血需要时可恢复胎儿期造血状态", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,30岁,体重60kg。疲乏、头晕、手足麻木,口渴不明显。体检:血压90/70mmHg(12.0/9.3kPa),脉搏111次/min。辅助检查:血清钠130mmol/L,钾3.8mmol/L,动脉血pH值为7.4。该病人诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "轻度低渗性失水", "B": "中度低渗性失水", "C": "重度低渗性失水", "D": "碱中毒"}, "answer": "中度低渗性失水", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "FA由血液中何种物质运输?(  )", "options": {"A": "LDL", "B": "HDL", "C": "清蛋白", "D": "球蛋白"}, "answer": "清蛋白", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "Ⅰ型超敏反应中能抑制靶细胞脱颗粒的介质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "cAMP↑,cGMP↓", "B": "cAMP↓,cGMP↓", "C": "cAMP↑,cGMP↑", "D": "SRS-A增多"}, "answer": "cAMP↑,cGMP↓", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.孕激素的生理作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使阴道上皮细胞脱落加快", "B": "能直接调控卵巢的周期性变化", "C": "促进阴毛与腋毛生长", "D": "抑制腺垂体促卵泡刺激素分泌"}, "answer": "使阴道上皮细胞脱落加快", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.缺铁性贫血期的实验室检查的特征性指标(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞游离原卟啉>500μg/L", "B": "血清铁<8.95~10.741μmol/L(<50~60μg/dl)", "C": "红细胞数和血红蛋白量减低", "D": "血清铁蛋白<12μg/L"}, "answer": "血清铁<8.95~10.741μmol/L(<50~60μg/dl)", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "58岁,女性,右膝关节行走痛1年,可行走1km,上下楼、蹲起困难,疼痛严重的右膝关节肿胀,休息症状立即缓解。检查:右股四头肌内侧头萎缩,右膝活动度10°~90°,过屈过伸痛(+),髌骨边缘压痛(+),内侧关节间隙压痛(+),髌骨研磨试验(+)。X线平片发现右膝内侧关节间隙变窄,相对关节面增生。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "髌骨软骨软化症", "B": "膝关节半月板损伤", "C": "膝关节骨关节炎", "D": "膝关节滑膜炎"}, "answer": "膝关节骨关节炎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3岁男孩,发现水肿1月,尿常规:蛋白(+++)红细胞2~4个/高倍视野。血浆蛋白25g/L,胆固醇9.6mmol/L。3.治疗6个月复发两次,进一步治疗可考虑应用(  )。", "options": {"A": "中长程激素治疗", "B": "中药加免疫抑制剂", "C": "中药加利尿剂", "D": "激素加免疫抑制剂"}, "answer": "激素加免疫抑制剂", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "根据可预防的疾病负担和费用效果分析,下列临床预防服务项目中最优先推荐的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿司匹林预防心脑血管病", "B": "血脂异常的筛检", "C": "骨质疏松的筛检", "D": "流感的免疫接种"}, "answer": "阿司匹林预防心脑血管病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "听诊表现为连续性杂音的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动脉瓣狭窄", "B": "动脉导管未闭", "C": "肺动脉狭窄", "D": "二尖瓣狭窄"}, "answer": "动脉导管未闭", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "甲状腺髓样癌是一种(  )。", "options": {"A": "交界性肿瘤", "B": "未分化癌", "C": "迷离瘤", "D": "神经内分泌瘤"}, "answer": "神经内分泌瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "可致肾素分泌增多的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "入球小动脉血压降低", "B": "血Na+降低", "C": "交感神经活动降低", "D": "致密斑活动降低"}, "answer": "入球小动脉血压降低", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪项是蛋白激酶的作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "蛋白质或酶脱磷酸", "B": "蛋白质或酶磷酸化", "C": "酶降解失活", "D": "蛋白质合成"}, "answer": "蛋白质或酶磷酸化", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "支气管哮喘10年,规律吸入糖皮质激素。近2周再次出现喘息发作,夜间症状明显,不宜采取的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "加用小剂量口服激素", "B": "加用短效β受体激动剂", "C": "增加吸人激素剂量", "D": "加长效β受体激动剂"}, "answer": "加用小剂量口服激素", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "幼儿期特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体格发育最快", "B": "语言思维和应人应物的能力增强", "C": "识别危险的能力强", "D": "自身免疫力增强,传染病发生率低"}, "answer": "语言思维和应人应物的能力增强", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肾综合征出血热的传染源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "野生鼠类", "B": "犬", "C": "病毒携带者", "D": "急性期病人"}, "answer": "野生鼠类", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "频发性室性期前收缩的定义是(  )。", "options": {"A": "室性期前收缩>5次/h", "B": "室性期前收缩>30次/h", "C": "室性期前收缩>60次/h", "D": "室性期前收缩>100次/h"}, "answer": "室性期前收缩>30次/h", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "10岁男孩,发热,关节肿痛,皮肤出现环行红斑,心率快,出现奔马律,血沉增快,经治疗上述症状、体征消失后。需预防的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "避免关节损伤", "B": "忌海鲜", "C": "减少体育运动", "D": "长效青霉素肌注"}, "answer": "长效青霉素肌注", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是引起疯牛病和人类克-雅病、库鲁病等的病原因子?(  )", "options": {"A": "病毒", "B": "拟病毒", "C": "朊病毒(朊粒)", "D": "衣原体"}, "answer": "朊病毒(朊粒)", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2岁男孩,发热4天,咳嗽,轻喘。查体:双肺可闻及散在的中小水泡音,诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管炎", "B": "支气管肺炎", "C": "毛细支气管炎", "D": "支气管异物"}, "answer": "支气管肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.维生索B12的副作用为(  )。", "options": {"A": "头晕、口干、行走不稳", "B": "手颤、记忆力减退、睡眠中肢体抖动", "C": "面部感觉异常、角膜炎、复视和带状疱疹", "D": "偶有一过性头晕、全身瘙痒和复视"}, "answer": "偶有一过性头晕、全身瘙痒和复视", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,26岁,双侧乳房胀痛1年,月经前明显,月经后症状好转,乳房内可触及不规则肿块,有触痛,首先考虑的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺癌", "B": "乳腺炎", "C": "乳腺导管内乳头状瘤", "D": "乳腺囊性增生症"}, "answer": "乳腺囊性增生症", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.上述哪项属于T细胞缺陷病(  )。", "options": {"A": "DiGeorge综合征", "B": "Bruton病", "C": "SCID", "D": "补体缺陷病"}, "answer": "DiGeorge综合征", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女婴,2天,因高胆红素血症做血清学检查,抗人球蛋白试验直接法阳性,释放试验释放出抗E、C抗体,其母的Rh血型可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "cCdee", "B": "ccDee", "C": "cCDEe", "D": "CCDEE"}, "answer": "cCDEe", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,30岁。因宫外孕休克入院手术治疗。体检;面色苍白,出冷汗,心率140次/min,血压8.0/5.3kPa(60/40mmHg),经充分准备后进行手术,手术后24小时尿量降为每日300ml,血压已恢复正常,血Cr为600μmol/L,48小时后血Cr为750μmol/L。3.本例最佳治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "限制水摄入", "B": "使用甘露醇", "C": "透析疗法", "D": "使用扩血管药物"}, "answer": "透析疗法", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有关直肠癌的描述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "常以完全性肠梗阻就诊", "B": "组织学类型主要为腺癌", "C": "多有带黏液的血便", "D": "早期可表现为大便习惯改变"}, "answer": "常以完全性肠梗阻就诊", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "感染是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "病原体侵入人体的一种方式", "B": "又称传染,是病原体对人体的一种寄生过程", "C": "病原体侵入人体的过程", "D": "病原体与人体相互作用的过程"}, "answer": "又称传染,是病原体对人体的一种寄生过程", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.胸骨左缘第2、3肋间有2~3级柔和的收缩期吹风样杂音,可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "动脉导管未闭", "D": "复杂性先心病"}, "answer": "房间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "脉压增宽,伴有毛细血管搏动,提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "室间隔缺损", "B": "动脉导管未闭", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "肺动脉狭窄"}, "answer": "动脉导管未闭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项属于肿瘤免疫调节治疗肿瘤的方法?(  )", "options": {"A": "注射α-TNF", "B": "注射CTL", "C": "注射LAK", "D": "注射McAb-125I"}, "answer": "注射α-TNF", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "中华人民共和国执业医师法,适用于(  )。", "options": {"A": "依法取得执业医师资格或执业助理医师资格的专业医务人员", "B": "依法取得执业医师资格或执业助理医师资格,在医疗机构中执业的专业医务人员", "C": "依法取得执业医师资格或执业助理医师资格,经注册在医疗机构中执业的专业医务人员", "D": "依法取得执业医师资格或执业助理医师资格,经注册在医疗、保健、预防机构中执业的专业医务人员"}, "answer": "依法取得执业医师资格或执业助理医师资格,经注册在医疗、保健、预防机构中执业的专业医务人员", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者伸舌偏右,右侧舌肌萎缩伴肌束颤动,左上下肢中枢性偏瘫,病变部位在(  )。", "options": {"A": "右侧延髓", "B": "右侧内囊及右侧延髓", "C": "双侧延髓", "D": "左侧延髓"}, "answer": "右侧延髓", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某患者,因欲自杀服有机磷农药。被发现后急送医院。查体:昏迷状态,呼吸困难,皮肤湿冷,双瞳孔如针尖大小。1.该患者入院给予洗胃,最好选用的洗胃液是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1:5000高锰酸钾液", "B": "硫酸铜溶液", "C": "NaHCO3水", "D": "生理盐水"}, "answer": "NaHCO3水", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "主要用于防止间日疟复发和传播的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "奎宁", "B": "青篙素", "C": "伯氨喹", "D": "甲佛喹"}, "answer": "伯氨喹", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "通过蛋白激酶A通路发挥作用的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心钠素", "B": "胰岛素", "C": "甲状腺素", "D": "肾上腺素"}, "answer": "肾上腺素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "治疗急性肾炎不正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "血沉接近正常可恢复上学", "B": "卧床休息水肿消退,肉眼血尿消失", "C": "尿Addis计数正常才能正常活动", "D": "初期给予青霉素至少2周"}, "answer": "初期给予青霉素至少2周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿易患呼吸功能不全的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "潮气量小", "B": "气道阻力大", "C": "肺气体弥散量小", "D": "以上均是"}, "answer": "以上均是", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.在快速眼动睡眠期(REM)出现焦虑、恐惧的梦境体验,伴有惊恐情绪,以及心跳加速,呼吸急促,出汗等自主精神症状,醒后或次晨能清晰回忆。可诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "失眠症", "B": "睡行症", "C": "睡眠呼吸暂停综合征", "D": "梦魇"}, "answer": "梦魇", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,52岁,有胆管结石病史,近2天来右上腹疼痛,体温37.8℃,2小时前突然畏寒、寒战,体温达40℃,精神紧张兴奋,口渴,面色苍白,脉搏98次/分,有力,血压110/96mmHg,尿量26ml。3.下列哪项治疗原则是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "积极补充血容量", "B": "联合应用抗菌药物", "C": "纠正酸中毒", "D": "静脉滴注间羟胺"}, "answer": "静脉滴注间羟胺", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.丹毒的致病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溶血性链球菌", "B": "绿脓杆菌", "C": "梭状芽孢杆菌", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "溶血性链球菌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "为了解某地区铅污染的情况,抽样收集了130人的尿铅值,经分析发现数据为偏态分布。若要对数据进行描述,应选择集中趋势和离散程度的指标为(  )。", "options": {"A": "中位数和标准差", "B": "中位数和四分位间距", "C": "算术均数和标准差", "D": "算术均数和四分位间距"}, "answer": "中位数和四分位间距", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,38岁。会阴部不适,双侧睾丸疼痛1年。社区医院按“前列腺炎”治疗效果不明显,近期症状加重,出现血精。查体:睾丸正常,左侧附睾尾部肿大,质地偏硬,左输精管增粗,呈“串珠状”改变。直肠指检:前列腺略大,有大小不等的结节,无压痛。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "前列腺癌", "B": "精囊炎", "C": "慢性前列腺炎", "D": "生殖系结核"}, "answer": "生殖系结核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.外科病人最常见的酸碱平衡失调是(  )。", "options": {"A": "代谢性酸中毒", "B": "呼吸性酸中毒", "C": "呼吸性碱中毒", "D": "复合型酸碱平衡失常"}, "answer": "代谢性酸中毒", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "能改善稳定型心绞痛患者临床预后的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "速效救心丸", "B": "单硝酸异山梨酯", "C": "硝酸甘油", "D": "阿司匹林"}, "answer": "阿司匹林", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在分配稀有卫生资源时,不应该坚持的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "个人的实际需要", "B": "个人之间的平均分配", "C": "个人的实际工作能力", "D": "个人对社会的贡献"}, "answer": "个人之间的平均分配", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.双糖铁培养基属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "基础培养基", "B": "营养培养基", "C": "鉴别培养基", "D": "选择培养基"}, "answer": "鉴别培养基", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "10个月患儿,早产,出生体重2kg,牛奶喂养,未添加辅食,发现面色苍白5个月。体检:体重7kg,苍白,肝肋下3cm,脾肋下1.5cm,心肺(-)。血象:RBC3.5×1012/L,Hb75g/L,WBC6.0×109/L,N 0.30,L 0.68,M 0.02,Ret 0.004。4.若治疗有效,以下正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "网织红细胞于服药3~4天后升高", "B": "网织红细胞于服药后1周下降至正常", "C": "网织红细胞于服药后立即下降", "D": "血红蛋白最早升高"}, "answer": "网织红细胞于服药3~4天后升高", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "经产妇,26岁。妊娠37周,晨起发现阴道流血,无明显腹痛,检查有宫缩。查体:子宫大小大于孕周数,胎心存在。3.本例最适合的处置措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阴道分娩", "B": "行剖宫产术", "C": "引产", "D": "人工破膜"}, "answer": "行剖宫产术", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.可改变血小板功能,改善糖尿病病人血小板并发症(  )。", "options": {"A": "格列本脲", "B": "格列齐特", "C": "格列吡嗪", "D": "氯磺丙脲"}, "answer": "格列齐特", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "父母与子女HLA的关系是(  )。", "options": {"A": "100%相同", "B": "50%相同", "C": "30%相同", "D": "60%相同"}, "answer": "50%相同", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,38岁。右膝关节、右踝关节持续性肿痛2个月。既往腰痛14年,伴晨僵,活动后改善。查体:右膝及右踝关节肿胀,有压痛,右膝关节积液,枕墙距2cm,双侧“4”字试验(+)。实验室检查:血常规:WBC 13.2×109/L,PLT 383×109/L,ESR 78min/h,RF(-),HLA-B27(+)。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "化脓性关节炎", "B": "强直性脊柱炎", "C": "类风湿关节炎", "D": "痛风性关节炎"}, "answer": "强直性脊柱炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "营养性巨幼细胞性贫血用VitB12治疗,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "由VitB12吸收障碍引起者每月VitB121mg,长期肌注", "B": "有神经系统受累者,VitB12100μg/次,2~3次/周,用数月", "C": "用至临床症状明显好转,血象恢复正常", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病的主要感染方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内源性感染", "B": "经接触感染衣物传播", "C": "经血液传播", "D": "垂直传播"}, "answer": "内源性感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.哪项是引起单瘫的病变部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "内囊", "B": "大脑皮质", "C": "胸髓", "D": "腰膨大"}, "answer": "大脑皮质", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.中等大小可溶性复合物(  )。", "options": {"A": "引起Ⅰ型超敏反应", "B": "引起Ⅱ型超敏反应", "C": "引起Ⅲ型超敏反应", "D": "引起Ⅳ型超敏反应"}, "answer": "引起Ⅲ型超敏反应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哺乳期妇女,左乳房红肿疼痛3天,体检:体温38.9℃,左乳外上象限发红,肿胀,压痛,无明显波动感,于压痛最明显处穿刺未抽得脓液。1.此时诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺蜂窝织炎", "B": "乳腺脓肿形成", "C": "慢性乳腺炎", "D": "炎性乳腺癌"}, "answer": "乳腺蜂窝织炎", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,70岁。急性前壁心肌梗死7小时,就诊时突然心悸,无头晕,查体:BP 100/70mmHg,双肺呼吸音清,心率88次/分,律不齐。心电监测示:频发室性期前收缩。1.控制该患者心律失常最适宜的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉注射胺碘酮", "B": "静脉推注普罗帕酮", "C": "皮下注射阿托品", "D": "静脉推注毛花苷丙"}, "answer": "静脉注射胺碘酮", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心包填塞时不出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "声音嘶哑", "B": "奇脉", "C": "肝颈静脉反流征阳性", "D": "双肺满布干、湿性啰音"}, "answer": "声音嘶哑", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男孩,5岁。排尿困难,尿流中断,跑动或改变体位姿势后又可排尿。最可能的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿道狭窄", "B": "前尿道结石", "C": "尿道瓣膜", "D": "膀胱结石"}, "answer": "膀胱结石", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,28岁。左下肢疼痛6个月,加重1个月。初起长时间行走后加重,休息后可缓解,1个月前起休息时亦觉疼痛。曾间断发生左下肢不同部位红线状病灶。无高血压、糖尿病病史,吸烟10年。查体:T 36.5℃,P 18次/分,BP 120/80mmHg,心肺腹未见异常,左足苍白,左足背动脉搏动消失,左股、腘动脉可触及搏动。左下肢病变应首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血栓性浅静脉炎", "B": "动脉硬化性闭塞症", "C": "深静脉血栓形成", "D": "血栓闭塞性脉管炎"}, "answer": "血栓闭塞性脉管炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,17岁,高中三年级学生,1998年5月10日由家长陪同就诊。近1个月来模拟考试时脑子里一片空白,成绩明显下降,要求明年再参加高考,劝说无效。该生原是班级三好学生,老师与家长对她的期望很高。病人日常学习、生活活动表现如常。1.诊断是什么(  )。", "options": {"A": "睡眠障碍", "B": "发育障碍", "C": "应激状态", "D": "神经衰弱"}, "answer": "应激状态", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于丙型肝炎下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "黄疸型患者仅占25%", "B": "急性丙型肝炎症状较轻", "C": "易转为慢性肝炎", "D": "肝细胞癌和丙肝病毒感染无关"}, "answer": "肝细胞癌和丙肝病毒感染无关", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是机体受外源抗原刺激后,发生免疫应答的部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "胸腺", "B": "淋巴结", "C": "腔上囊", "D": "外周血"}, "answer": "淋巴结", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,40岁。肝区疼痛3个月,无发热。右肋下触及肝脏,质硬,表面有直径5cm结节,无触痛。既往慢性乙型病毒性肝炎病史10年。为确认诊断最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部CT", "B": "穿刺活检", "C": "选择性肝动脉造影", "D": "腹部MRI"}, "answer": "穿刺活检", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "符合萎缩的描述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "萎缩器官间质细胞减少", "B": "萎缩器官功能正常", "C": "萎缩细胞的细胞器减少", "D": "萎缩属不可复性改变"}, "answer": "萎缩细胞的细胞器减少", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.低剂量Tl-Ag(  )。", "options": {"A": "引起B细胞免疫耐受", "B": "引起T、B细胞免疫耐受", "C": "不引起免疫耐受", "D": "引起免疫抑制"}, "answer": "不引起免疫耐受", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于产前检查哪一项是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "早孕检查1次,16~32周期间每4周检查1次,32周起每周检查1次", "B": "早孕检查1次,16~36周期间每4周检查1次,36周起每周检查1次", "C": "早孕检查1次,20~36周期间每4周检查1次,36周起每周检查1次", "D": "16~36周期间每4周检查1次,36周起每周检查1次"}, "answer": "早孕检查1次,20~36周期间每4周检查1次,36周起每周检查1次", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "梗死最常见的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血栓形成", "B": "血管受压", "C": "动脉痉挛", "D": "动脉壁肿瘤"}, "answer": "血栓形成", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.妊娠36周孕妇诊断为急性化脓性阑尾炎,治疗应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "保守治疗无效再手术", "B": "中药治疗", "C": "尽早手术", "D": "保守治疗"}, "answer": "尽早手术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "大部分急性心肌梗死的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "冠状动脉内粥样斑块破裂,血栓形成", "B": "冠状动脉痉挛,血栓形成", "C": "动脉粥样斑块逐渐进展直至完全阻塞冠状动脉管腔", "D": "冠状动脉炎,血栓形成"}, "answer": "冠状动脉内粥样斑块破裂,血栓形成", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于钠泵的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是细胞膜上的镶嵌蛋白质", "B": "具有ATP酶的活性", "C": "当细胞外钠离子浓度增多时被激活", "D": "当细胞外钾离子浓度增多时被激活"}, "answer": "当细胞外钠离子浓度增多时被激活", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,18岁,1小时前初次上机器操作不慎右小指被机床压砸离断、检查右小指自第1指节中部完全离断、断指除末节尚完整外其余指骨粉碎,软组织残缺不全,该采取哪一种治疗方案?(  )", "options": {"A": "清创后再造小指", "B": "断指再植", "C": "小指残端修整后游离皮瓣覆盖", "D": "截指,自第5掌头下斜行截除,皮肤I期缝合"}, "answer": "截指,自第5掌头下斜行截除,皮肤I期缝合", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "甲状腺功能亢进症患者的手术禁忌证是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中度Graves", "B": "胸骨后甲状腺肿伴甲亢", "C": "妊娠早期重度甲亢", "D": "青少年患者"}, "answer": "青少年患者", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "可表现慢性腹泻的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "过敏性紫癜", "B": "出血性肠炎", "C": "尿毒症", "D": "急性中毒"}, "answer": "尿毒症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "任何单位和个人不得(  )。", "options": {"A": "歧视病原携带者", "B": "歧视疑似传染病病人", "C": "传染病病人,病原携带者,疑似传染病病人不得从事法律规定禁止从事的工作", "D": "以上都对"}, "answer": "以上都对", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,40岁,腹痛、发热48h,血压80/60mmHg,神志清楚面色苍白,四肢湿冷,全腹肌紧张,肠鸣音消失,诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "低血容量性休克", "B": "感染性休克", "C": "神经源性休克", "D": "心源性休克"}, "answer": "感染性休克", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于小儿消化系统的解剖生理特点,以下错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "贲门括约肌发育不成熟,控制能力差,常发生胃食管返流", "B": "婴儿胃呈水平位,当开始行走时变为垂直", "C": "肠系膜柔软而长,升结肠与后壁固定差,易发生肠套叠", "D": "人乳喂养儿粪便为淡黄色或灰黄色,较干稠,有蛋白分解的臭味"}, "answer": "人乳喂养儿粪便为淡黄色或灰黄色,较干稠,有蛋白分解的臭味", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "糖尿病高渗高血糖综合征常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "2型糖尿病合并妊娠", "B": "饮食控制不佳的2型糖尿病", "C": "1型糖尿病", "D": "老年2型糖尿病"}, "answer": "老年2型糖尿病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,39岁,发作时先觉上腹部不适,并有咀嚼、呆视,喃喃自语,走动,似看见什么东西,呼唤无反应,持续约3分钟,事后不能回忆。发作类型属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "失神发作", "B": "复杂部分性发作", "C": "单纯部分性发作", "D": "假性发作"}, "answer": "复杂部分性发作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,50岁,进行性贫血、消瘦、乏力半年。有时右腹隐痛,无腹泻。查体:右中腹部扪及肿块,肠鸣音活跃。2.如果需要手术治疗,术前准备最重要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纠正营养", "B": "肠道准备", "C": "肝肾功能检查", "D": "心理准备"}, "answer": "肠道准备", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,男,7月,因发热、腹泻2天于10月16日入院。2天前开始发热,呕吐2次,继之出现腹泻,稀水样便6~8次/天,量多,次日热退吐止,腹泻加重,尿量减少,精神萎靡,前囟眼窝凹陷,皮肤弹性差,心肺听诊阴性。3.第1天补液的总量和张力分别为(  )。", "options": {"A": "60~80ml/kg,1/2张液体", "B": "120~150mL/kg,1/2张液体", "C": "150~180ml/kg,2/3张液体", "D": "90~120ml/kg,2/3张液体"}, "answer": "120~150mL/kg,1/2张液体", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "结核菌素试验72h注射部位出现红肿硬结直径20mm并出现水疱、坏死,判断结果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "“±”", "B": "“+”", "C": "“++”", "D": "“+++”"}, "answer": "“+++”", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "主要调节甲状旁腺激素分泌的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血1,25-(OH)2-维生素D3", "B": "血钙", "C": "血镁", "D": "血磷"}, "answer": "血钙", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.能促进促胰液素分泌的胃液成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内因子", "B": "碳酸氢盐", "C": "盐酸", "D": "胃蛋白酶"}, "answer": "盐酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "新生儿肾小球滤过率低的原因,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "近髓质肾小球发育不良", "B": "动脉压低,肾灌注不足", "C": "肾小球毛细血管通透性高", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "动脉压低,肾灌注不足", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,27岁。妊娠9周,初孕,人工流产术中突然头晕面色苍白,恶心,伴血压下降,脉搏细弱,最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "羊水栓塞", "B": "人流反应综合征", "C": "吸宫不全", "D": "子宫穿孔"}, "answer": "人流反应综合征", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,30岁,全身乏力、低热、伴左上腹肿块半年。肝肋下2cm,脾肋下7cm,化验:血红蛋白80g/L,白细胞140×109/L,血小板100×109/L,骨髓象原始粒细胞0.02,Ph1染色体阳性。正确的治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脾切除", "B": "HOAP方案化疗", "C": "羟基脲口服", "D": "VAP方案化疗"}, "answer": "羟基脲口服", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪一项是乳癌出现表面橘皮征的机制?(  )", "options": {"A": "乳房皮下淋巴管被癌细胞堵塞", "B": "癌细胞浸润大片皮肤", "C": "癌肿侵犯Cooper韧带使其收缩", "D": "癌肿侵入乳管使其收缩"}, "answer": "乳房皮下淋巴管被癌细胞堵塞", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "脐带血中哪类Ig是主要的(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgG", "B": "IgD", "C": "IgA", "D": "IgM"}, "answer": "IgG", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者人工流产术后2天,仍持续阴道流血,较多,伴下腹疼痛,体温38.5℃。双合诊子宫略大,呈球形,压痛明显。患者可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸宫不全并发感染", "B": "吸宫不全", "C": "输卵管妊娠", "D": "漏吸"}, "answer": "吸宫不全并发感染", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "子宫内膜癌病理分期ⅢB期是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "癌累及宫颈黏膜腺体", "B": "癌侵犯肌层>1/2", "C": "癌侵犯浆膜和(或)附件", "D": "癌累及阴道上1/3段"}, "answer": "癌累及阴道上1/3段", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于女性内外生殖器官主要的血液供应,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卵巢动脉", "B": "子宫动脉", "C": "阴部内动脉", "D": "阴部外动脉"}, "answer": "阴部外动脉", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不需使用肠外营养的病人是(  )。", "options": {"A": "短肠综合征", "B": "溃疡性结肠炎长期腹泻", "C": "胆囊造瘘术后", "D": "癌肿化疗致严重呕吐"}, "answer": "胆囊造瘘术后", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是伤寒发病2周微生物学检查分离培养时常采用的标本?(  )", "options": {"A": "血液", "B": "尿", "C": "便", "D": "十二指肠液"}, "answer": "便", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "中枢性尿崩症患者控制多尿最适宜的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "去氨加压素", "B": "卡马西平", "C": "氯磺丙脲", "D": "地美环素"}, "answer": "去氨加压素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "诊断颅盖骨骨折通常依据(  )。", "options": {"A": "头颅X线摄片", "B": "头皮伤痕", "C": "局部触诊闻及骨擦音", "D": "剧烈头痛伴呕吐"}, "answer": "头颅X线摄片", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "B细胞活化过程中的第一信号是(  )。", "options": {"A": "BCR识别和Ag", "B": "IL-2受体的产生", "C": "IL-1的作用", "D": "黏附分子受体与配体的相互作用"}, "answer": "BCR识别和Ag", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,65岁。颈后部皮肤红肿7天,初起时为小片皮肤硬肿,约3cm×2cm,有多个脓点,随后皮肤肿胀范围增大,出现浸润性水肿,局部疼痛加重。表面皮肤呈紫褐色,范围约6cm×5cm,T 38.9℃,来院就诊。拟手术治疗,不正确的处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "切口线应超过病变边缘", "B": "不可一期缝合切口", "C": "切口内可填塞纱条", "D": "沿皮纹行一横行切口"}, "answer": "沿皮纹行一横行切口", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪种为咽-结合膜热的病原体?(  )", "options": {"A": "腺病毒", "B": "柯萨奇病毒", "C": "流感病毒", "D": "EB病毒"}, "answer": "腺病毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,53岁,3个月前在火车上急性起病,突然不认识女儿,恐惧地说:“头痛,眼前有甲虫飞舞,兴奋,应当杀死她。”耳边听到儿子、女儿说话声。经当地治疗症状消失。1周前当听儿子死亡的消息复发,症状同前。既往高血压史5年。血压200/90mmHg;神经系统检查正常;精神检查:意识模糊,恐惧,有幻觉,思维不连贯,智力减退,记忆力差,有时意识清晰,叙述自己儿子已死亡,性格急躁,易激动,血压升高时精神症状加重。1.最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头CT", "B": "人格测定", "C": "CSF", "D": "头部超声波"}, "answer": "头CT", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于细胞免疫,下列哪项叙述是错误的(  )。", "options": {"A": "其效应作用发挥不仅有效应细胞参与,而且也有细胞因子参与", "B": "细胞活化需双信号", "C": "对机体有利而无害", "D": "细胞间相互作用受MHC限制"}, "answer": "对机体有利而无害", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "溺水、麻醉意外引起的心脏停搏的复苏药最好选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素", "B": "去甲肾上腺素", "C": "异丙肾上腺素", "D": "多巴胺"}, "answer": "肾上腺素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性肾小球肾炎起病常在前驱感染后多长时间发病(  )。", "options": {"A": "1周内", "B": "1~3周", "C": "2~4周", "D": "4~5周"}, "answer": "1~3周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "意识障碍状态下的幻觉常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑郁症", "B": "脑器质性精神病", "C": "更年期精神病", "D": "偏执性精神"}, "answer": "脑器质性精神病", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不符合面神经管内特发性面神经麻痹的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "味觉障碍", "B": "外耳道疱疹", "C": "周围性面瘫", "D": "面部痛觉减退"}, "answer": "面部痛觉减退", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "35岁女性,手术后两个月出现腹胀、乏力,ALT200U/L,手术时输800ml,化验甲肝抗体(-),HBsAg(-),抗HBc(+),抗HBs(+),抗HCV(+),应考虑诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "术后引起中毒性肝炎", "B": "乙型肝炎", "C": "输血后肝炎", "D": "急性丙型肝炎,输血所致"}, "answer": "急性丙型肝炎,输血所致", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某心理咨询师,在超级市场遇见一位他的患者也正与其熟人在一起购物,这位治疗师故意未理睬他的患者,此时他遵循心理治疗的原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "真诚原则", "B": "保密原则", "C": "回避原则", "D": "灵活原则"}, "answer": "保密原则", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "贫血是外周血单位体积中(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞压积(血细胞比容)低于正常", "B": "红细胞数低于正常", "C": "红细胞数,血红蛋白量和红细胞压积低于正常", "D": "循环血量较正常者减少"}, "answer": "红细胞数,血红蛋白量和红细胞压积低于正常", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,20岁,乳房肿块,边缘清晰,活动度大,生长缓慢,无压痛,应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺结核", "B": "乳腺炎性肿块", "C": "乳腺纤维性腺瘤", "D": "乳腺囊性增生病"}, "answer": "乳腺纤维性腺瘤", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "分娩时最主要的产力是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫收缩力", "B": "腹肌收缩力", "C": "膈肌收缩力", "D": "腹压"}, "answer": "子宫收缩力", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "原发性醛固酮增多症最常见的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "特发性醛固酮增多症", "B": "醛固酮瘤", "C": "醛固酮癌", "D": "糖皮质激素可治性醛固酮增多症"}, "answer": "醛固酮瘤", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,18岁,右足和右小腿被开水烫伤,有水疱伴剧痛。创面基底部肿胀发红,该病人烧伤面积和深度的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "5%,浅Ⅱ度", "B": "5%,深Ⅱ度", "C": "10%,浅Ⅱ度", "D": "15%,浅Ⅱ度"}, "answer": "10%,浅Ⅱ度", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "最易发生肺肉质变的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺不张", "B": "大叶性肺炎", "C": "间质性肺炎", "D": "小叶性肺炎"}, "answer": "大叶性肺炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初孕妇,26岁。妊娠33周,用胰岛素治疗糖尿病,今晨5时清醒,心慌、出汗。此时最有效的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "检测血糖", "B": "检测尿糖及酮体", "C": "进食", "D": "测量体温"}, "answer": "进食", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,10岁。左上臂疼痛1周,有摔倒病史。查体:左上臂近端肿胀,压痛。X线片显示肱骨近侧干骺端圆形境界清楚透亮区,骨皮质膨胀变薄,无骨膜反应。首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨囊肿", "B": "骨结核", "C": "骨软骨瘤", "D": "骨巨细胞瘤"}, "answer": "骨囊肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "所有侵袭性细菌性肠炎的共同临床表现中,最具特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热", "B": "腹痛", "C": "恶心", "D": "排黏液脓血便"}, "answer": "排黏液脓血便", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,35岁,经量增多、经期延长2年。妇科检查:子宫如12周妊娠大小,表面多个突起,最大者位于前壁下段,直径6 cm,质硬。最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫畸形", "B": "子宫内膜癌", "C": "子宫腺肌病", "D": "子宫肌瘤"}, "answer": "子宫肌瘤", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,18岁。身高1.40m。月经一直未来潮,智力正常。第二性征未发育。血FSH升高,雌二醇水平低下。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "唐氏综合征", "B": "特纳综合征", "C": "希恩综合征", "D": "雄激素不敏感综合征"}, "answer": "特纳综合征", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性酒精中毒不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "病理性醉酒", "B": "酒精中毒性幻觉症", "C": "酒精中毒性妄想症", "D": "酒精中毒性痴呆"}, "answer": "病理性醉酒", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "诊断强迫症需与哪种疾病相鉴别?(  )", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "焦虑症", "C": "脑器质性精神障碍", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者的健康放在首位,切实为患者谋利益,该原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不伤害原则", "B": "公正原则", "C": "有利原则", "D": "公平原则"}, "answer": "有利原则", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "腰椎间盘突出症与腰椎管狭窄症临床症状的主要鉴别点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "二便是否障碍", "B": "腰痛及下肢放射痛的程度", "C": "双下肢无力的程度", "D": "间歇性跛行是否为主要特点"}, "answer": "间歇性跛行是否为主要特点", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪种体征不在右心功能不全时出现?(  )", "options": {"A": "下肢水肿", "B": "Kussmaul征", "C": "腹水", "D": "肝颈静脉回流征"}, "answer": "Kussmaul征", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "8岁男孩,10天来发热、咳嗽,4天来加重,曾用青霉素3天无效。体检:右背下呼吸音减低,胸片发现左肺上小片状淡薄云絮状阴影。该患儿考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "大叶性肺炎", "B": "肺炎支原体肺炎", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "D": "腺病毒肺炎"}, "answer": "肺炎支原体肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,63岁。夜尿增多伴血压升高2年,乏力、纳差1个月,既往间断服用“龙胆泻肝丸”多年。查体:BP 150/95mmHg,双下肢无水肿。实验室检查:Hb 82g/L,Scr 238μmol/L,GIu 5.4mmol/L。尿常规:RBC(-),蛋白(+),糖(+),放射性核素肾动态显像示左肾GFR 10.2ml/min,右肾GFR 11.5ml/min。1.该患者的肾功能分期为(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性肾脏病4期", "B": "慢性肾脏病1期", "C": "慢性肾脏病2期", "D": "慢性肾脏病5期"}, "answer": "慢性肾脏病5期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列属于甲状旁腺激素作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制肾小管磷的重吸收", "B": "抑制活性维生素D的合成", "C": "抑制肠道钙吸收", "D": "抑制破骨细胞的活性"}, "answer": "抑制肾小管磷的重吸收", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.与感染易于局限有关(  )。", "options": {"A": "自溶酶", "B": "脂溶性色素", "C": "透明质酸酶", "D": "血浆凝固酶"}, "answer": "血浆凝固酶", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性白血病出血的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤维蛋白溶解", "B": "血小板减少", "C": "DIC", "D": "AT-Ⅲ减少"}, "answer": "血小板减少", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.女性的肺癌最常见的病理学类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺癌", "B": "鳞状细胞癌", "C": "黏液腺癌", "D": "肺泡细胞癌"}, "answer": "腺癌", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,40岁,患糖尿病10余年,尿蛋白阴性,近1个月感下腹部胀,排尿不畅伴尿失禁。B超声显示膀胱扩大,尿潴留。考虑其原因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖尿病自主神经病变", "B": "糖尿病合并泌尿系感染", "C": "糖尿病肾病", "D": "糖尿病合并泌尿系结石"}, "answer": "糖尿病自主神经病变", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,60岁。右上腹剧烈疼痛2天,黄疸、发热1天。首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部B超", "B": "腹部CT", "C": "腹部X线平片", "D": "经内镜逆行胆管造影"}, "answer": "腹部B超", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.肥厚型梗阻性心肌病(  )。", "options": {"A": "地尔硫", "B": "洋地黄", "C": "阿托品", "D": "利多卡因"}, "answer": "地尔硫", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女患,1岁,低热10余日,喜哭易怒,嗜睡,有时便秘。查体:前囟膨隆,心肺正常,肝肋下1.5cm,颈软,克氏征阴性,腹壁反射减弱。脑脊液:外观毛玻璃样,蛋白(+),细胞数200×106/L,糖2.4mmol/L,氯化物107mmol/L。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核性脑膜炎", "B": "新型隐球菌脑膜炎", "C": "中毒性脑病", "D": "病毒性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "结核性脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在免疫应答中有免疫调节作用的分子不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "C9", "B": "C3b", "C": "IL-2", "D": "IgG"}, "answer": "C9", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,70岁,右侧面部阵发性烧灼样疼痛1年,每次持续1分钟左右,每日数十次,服用卡马西平有效,诊断首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "偏头痛", "B": "原发性三叉神经痛", "C": "面神经炎", "D": "舌咽神经痛"}, "answer": "原发性三叉神经痛", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,45岁。右眼睑下垂伴复视2个月,既往有蛛网膜下隙出血病史。查体:右眼球外斜位,右侧瞳孔散大,对光反射消失。增强CT检查显示鞍旁右侧有一直径约0.5cm圆形高密度影,其周围无脑水肿征。首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鞍旁脑膜瘤", "B": "颈内动脉后交通动脉瘤", "C": "三叉神经鞘瘤", "D": "颞叶脑脓肿"}, "answer": "颈内动脉后交通动脉瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,26岁。因肠系膜血管缺血性疾病行小肠全切除术后2个月,术后第2天开始接受全胃肠外营养支持治疗。现患者出现皮肤干燥、鳞状脱屑、脱发及伤口愈合延迟。其最可能的原因是营养液中缺乏(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素A", "B": "微量元素", "C": "必需脂肪酸", "D": "氨基酸"}, "answer": "必需脂肪酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,3个月,生长发育良好,体重为5kg,因母亲患慢性疾病,需停用母乳而改牛奶喂养。1.每日所需水分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "750ml", "B": "650ml", "C": "550ml", "D": "450ml"}, "answer": "750ml", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.肾脏出现不规则疤痕(  )。", "options": {"A": "膜性肾小球病", "B": "急性肾盂肾炎", "C": "慢性肾盂肾炎", "D": "快速进行性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "慢性肾盂肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "与排卵后基础体温升高有关的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卵泡刺激素", "B": "缩宫素", "C": "黄体生成素", "D": "孕激素"}, "answer": "孕激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某受体为α2β2四聚体,属跨膜蛋白,胞外段结合配体,胞内段具有潜在的酪氨酸蛋白激酶活性。此类受体最有可能(  )。", "options": {"A": "属于甲状腺素受体", "B": "属于上皮生长因子受体", "C": "与配体结合后α、β亚基解聚", "D": "与配体结合后,β亚基发生磷酸化"}, "answer": "与配体结合后,β亚基发生磷酸化", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病的病因中,下列不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小管酸中毒", "B": "物中维生素D含量不足", "C": "生长过速", "D": "慢性肝肾疾病"}, "answer": "肾小管酸中毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男婴,9个月,发热3天。烦躁、流涎1天。查体:一般状态可,前囟平坦,咽部充血,咽峡及软腭部可见直径2~3cm的疱疹及溃疡,颈部无抵抗,心肺听诊正常。其病原体最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "溶血性链球菌", "B": "柯萨奇病毒", "C": "副流感病毒", "D": "流感嗜血杆菌"}, "answer": "柯萨奇病毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,男,10岁。午餐时突发神志丧失,手中持碗失落,碗打碎后即醒。脑电图示3周/秒棘—慢波规律性和对称性发放。考虑最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癫痫部分性发作", "B": "杰克逊(Jackson)癫痫", "C": "癫痫失神发作", "D": "癫痫复杂部分发作"}, "answer": "癫痫失神发作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "初产妇,24岁,停经18周,不觉胎动。产科检查:宫底高度在脐耻之间,胎方位及胎心不清。监测宫内胎儿情况首选的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部X线摄片", "B": "多普勒超声检查", "C": "B型阴道超声检查", "D": "测定羊水甲胎蛋白值"}, "answer": "B型阴道超声检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,27岁。发热1个月,伴关节肿痛、脱发和口腔溃疡。化验:尿蛋白(+++),红细胞20~30/HP,血ANA(+)。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "系统性红斑狼疮", "B": "类风湿关节炎", "C": "干燥综合征", "D": "成人斯蒂尔病"}, "answer": "系统性红斑狼疮", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,45岁,诊断为巨大结节性甲状腺肿,在颈丛麻醉下行一侧甲状腺全切、另一侧甲状腺大部切除术,术后第2天突然发生窒息,面肌和手足持续性痉挛。3.预防此种并发症的关键是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结扎甲状腺下动脉要靠近颈总动脉", "B": "结扎、切断甲状腺上动脉应紧贴甲状腺上极", "C": "保留腺体要适当", "D": "必须保存两叶腺体背面部分"}, "answer": "必须保存两叶腺体背面部分", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.代谢性酸中毒主要是由于体内(  )。", "options": {"A": "PaCO2升高", "B": "HCO3-增多", "C": "PaCO2降低", "D": "HCO3-减少"}, "answer": "HCO3-减少", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男婴,其母G2P1,足月顺产,生后10小时出现黄疸,胆红素为306μmol/L。患儿可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ABO溶血病", "B": "Rh溶血病", "C": "败血症", "D": "胆道闭锁"}, "answer": "Rh溶血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.对急性肾盂肾炎诊断有意义的尿常规检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上皮细胞管型", "B": "白细胞管型", "C": "颗粒管型", "D": "红细胞管型"}, "answer": "白细胞管型", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,47岁,有10年糖尿病史。近一年来并发肺结核,并经常患有肺炎或支气管炎,长期局部肌肉注射下列药物,造成注射部位脂肪萎缩。系由哪一种药物引起?(  )", "options": {"A": "青霉素", "B": "庆大霉素", "C": "胰岛素", "D": "头孢唑啉"}, "answer": "胰岛素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "虎口挛缩畸形手术松解后,应将患者固定于(  )。", "options": {"A": "保护位", "B": "背伸位", "C": "伸直位", "D": "功能位"}, "answer": "保护位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.小儿卵圆孔解剖上关闭的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生后3~4个月", "B": "生后3个月内", "C": "生后5~7个月", "D": "生后8~10个月"}, "answer": "生后5~7个月", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,20岁,因间歇寒战、高热、头痛10天入院。血涂片查见间日疟原虫,确诊为间日疟。2.磷酸氯喹治疗疟疾的用法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1g,每天1次,共用3天", "B": "1g,每天2次,共用3天", "C": "首剂1g,6h后及第2、3天各0.5g", "D": "首剂1g,第2、3、4天各0.5g"}, "answer": "首剂1g,6h后及第2、3天各0.5g", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "凡遇下述情况必须按《全国临床检验操作规程》有关规定做抗体筛选试验,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "交叉配血不合时", "B": "妊娠者", "C": "短期内需要接收多次输血者", "D": "急诊抢救患者紧急输血时"}, "answer": "急诊抢救患者紧急输血时", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,25岁,不规则发热5个月,伴四肢关节肿痛,近2个月出现面颊部对称性红斑,有口腔溃疡反复发作。化验:RF(+),尿蛋白(++)。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "类风湿性关节炎", "B": "慢性肾小球肾炎", "C": "系统性红斑狼疮", "D": "白塞病"}, "answer": "系统性红斑狼疮", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "中年男性,房屋倒塌致左小腿砸伤10小时,曾在外院求治,诊断为左小腿胫腓骨双骨折,行手法复位,小夹板外固定。回家后感左小腿及左足痛剧,遂来院就诊。检查见左小腿中段高度肿胀,坚硬,足部皮温较对侧低,感觉明显减退,足趾主动活动差,被动牵伸足趾可引起剧痛,左足背动脉触不到。其可能的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胫前动脉损伤", "B": "脂肪栓寒", "C": "感染", "D": "骨筋膜室综合征"}, "answer": "骨筋膜室综合征", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "多肽链中肽键的本质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "磷酸二酯键", "B": "二硫键", "C": "酰胺键", "D": "疏水键"}, "answer": "酰胺键", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "没有肾病综合征表现的肾小球肾炎是(  )。", "options": {"A": "微小病变性肾小球肾炎", "B": "急性弥漫增生性肾小球肾炎", "C": "膜性增生性肾小球肾炎", "D": "局灶性节段性肾小球硬化"}, "answer": "急性弥漫增生性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.胃癌(  )。", "options": {"A": "多通过血液途径转移", "B": "多通过淋巴途径转移", "C": "以上三者均可", "D": "不发生转移"}, "answer": "以上三者均可", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "原发性甲亢患者,行甲状腺大部切除后,12小时突然高热、烦躁、呕吐、脉速,可能是下述哪一种原因引起?(  )", "options": {"A": "术后上感", "B": "术后严重反应", "C": "甲状腺危象", "D": "切口内出血"}, "answer": "甲状腺危象", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,60岁。发现全程肉眼血尿伴条状血凝块1周,无尿频、尿急、尿痛。B超检查显示左肾实质占位,肿块直径55mm。为明确肿块性质,进一步检查首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿细胞学检查", "B": "肾动脉造影", "C": "腹部CT平扫+增强", "D": "尿路平片"}, "answer": "腹部CT平扫+增强", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心身疾病的治疗原则,不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "自我心理调节", "B": "矫正不良习惯", "C": "不间断发泄", "D": "心理护理"}, "answer": "不间断发泄", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性再障感染最多发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅内", "B": "呼吸道", "C": "皮肤黏膜", "D": "肛周感染"}, "answer": "呼吸道", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.病变的免疫球蛋白(  )。", "options": {"A": "溶血性黄疸", "B": "阻塞性黄疸", "C": "后天性卟啉症", "D": "多发性骨髓瘤"}, "answer": "多发性骨髓瘤", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不是鼠疫杆菌特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不能在人工培养基上生长", "B": "两端浓染G-性短杆菌", "C": "以鼠蚤为媒介由鼠传染给人", "D": "临床类型分腺鼠疫、败血症鼠和肺鼠疫等"}, "answer": "不能在人工培养基上生长", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,69岁。刺激性咳嗽1个月,发现痰中带血丝1周。无肺部疾病病史,吸烟20年。1.该患者首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CT", "B": "支气管镜", "C": "支气管造影", "D": "痰液细胞学检查"}, "answer": "CT", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.糖原合成时形成活化的葡萄糖要消耗(  )。", "options": {"A": "ATP", "B": "GTP", "C": "UTP", "D": "TFP"}, "answer": "UTP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.男,60岁,半年前出现肌肉僵硬,运动不自由,继而手颤,医生给开了此药(  )。", "options": {"A": "左旋多巴", "B": "米帕明", "C": "哌替啶", "D": "氯丙嗪"}, "answer": "左旋多巴", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.慢性粒细胞性白血病(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓细胞内可见Auer小体", "B": "Ph染色体阳性", "C": "糖原染色阳性", "D": "非特异性酯酶(+),阳性可被氟化钠抑制"}, "answer": "Ph染色体阳性", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "属于苯烷胺类选择性钙拮抗药的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维拉帕米", "B": "普尼拉明", "C": "哌克昔林", "D": "氟桂利嗪"}, "answer": "维拉帕米", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "同向性偏盲病损部位为(  )。", "options": {"A": "视交叉", "B": "同侧视神经", "C": "对侧视束", "D": "对侧颞叶视辐射"}, "answer": "对侧视束", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.绒毛膜癌主要播散的方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋巴转移和种植", "B": "血行转移和淋巴转移", "C": "直接蔓延和种植", "D": "血行转移"}, "answer": "血行转移", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.可通过高位结扎及剥脱术治疗的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "雷诺综合征", "B": "下肢深静脉血栓形成", "C": "血栓闭塞性脉管炎", "D": "单纯性下肢静脉曲张"}, "answer": "单纯性下肢静脉曲张", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "桥接坏死主要见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "轻度慢性肝炎", "B": "急性重型肝炎", "C": "中、重度慢性肝炎", "D": "亚急性重型肝炎"}, "answer": "中、重度慢性肝炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.类风湿性关节炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "B27", "B": "DR3", "C": "DR4", "D": "DR5"}, "answer": "DR4", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于细菌细胞结构叙述下列哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "有70S核蛋白体合成蛋白", "B": "细胞壁均有肽聚糖", "C": "核有完整的核膜", "D": "L型细菌无细胞壁"}, "answer": "核有完整的核膜", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,15岁。全身水肿1周。查体:BP 120/70mmHg,腹部移动性浊音阳性。尿蛋白定量6.5g/d,沉渣RBC 0~2/HP。血清蛋白22g/L,胆固醇8mmol/L,BUN 6.5mmol/L,Scr 98μmol/L。AS1.最可能的临床诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性肾病综合征", "B": "急进性肾小球肾炎", "C": "急性肾小球肾炎", "D": "慢性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "原发性肾病综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肾血流量与全身血液循环相配合主要通过下述哪项来调节?(  )", "options": {"A": "负反馈调节", "B": "神经体液调节", "C": "自身调节", "D": "前馈调节"}, "answer": "神经体液调节", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.检查血清中Ig各组分含量的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直接凝集", "B": "单向琼脂扩散", "C": "对流免疫电泳", "D": "ELISA"}, "answer": "单向琼脂扩散", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性阑尾炎发病已4天,腹痛稍减轻,但仍发热,右下腹可触及压痛的肿块,应采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即手术,切除阑尾", "B": "立即手术,切除肿块", "C": "暂不手术,用广谱抗生素治疗", "D": "用广谱抗生素治疗,不需手术"}, "answer": "暂不手术,用广谱抗生素治疗", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,19岁。在烈日下打篮球1小时,大汗后出现头痛、头晕、胸闷、心悸、恶心,并有腹肌疼痛。T 38.3℃,P 108次/分,BP 90/60mmHg。神志清楚,面色潮红,双肺未闻及干湿性啰音,心律齐。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "热痉挛", "B": "热衰竭", "C": "低血糖", "D": "热射病"}, "answer": "热痉挛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,30岁,体检时发现血尿。下列哪项说法不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "该患者新鲜尿液离心后尿沉渣镜检红细胞>3个/HP", "B": "该患者如伴较大量蛋白尿时多为肾小球源性血尿", "C": "该患者如伴红细胞管型,多为非肾小球源性血尿", "D": "必要时做双肾B超"}, "answer": "该患者如伴红细胞管型,多为非肾小球源性血尿", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪一项不是结核性脑膜炎中期的临床表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "呕吐加重", "B": "脑膜刺激征", "C": "颅神经障碍", "D": "嗜睡、频繁惊厥"}, "answer": "嗜睡、频繁惊厥", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "胸外心脏按压正确的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心前区", "B": "胸骨中下部", "C": "胸骨中上1/3交界处", "D": "胸骨角"}, "answer": "胸骨中下部", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "缺铁性贫血,下列指标的改变顺序是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低血清铁—贫血—骨髓贮存铁减少", "B": "骨髓贮存铁减少—贫血—低血清铁", "C": "贫血—骨髓贮存铁减少—低血清铁", "D": "骨髓贮存铁减少—低血清铁—贫血"}, "answer": "骨髓贮存铁减少—低血清铁—贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "16岁女孩,左小腿上段肿胀疼痛半年,近1个月来肿胀明显,夜间痛明显。查体:左胫骨上端肿胀严重,压痛明显,浅静脉怒张,扪及一6cm×7cm硬性肿块,固定,边界不清。X线片示左胫骨上段呈虫蚀状溶骨性破坏,骨膜反应明显,可见Codman三角。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左胫骨慢性骨髓炎", "B": "左胫骨骨巨细胞瘤恶变", "C": "左胫骨骨肉瘤", "D": "左胫骨骨软骨瘤恶变"}, "answer": "左胫骨骨肉瘤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,68岁。8年来餐后1小时左右上腹部疼痛。多于秋季复发,每次持续3到5天不等。服雷尼替丁后症状可缓解。近2个月疼痛持续性,服药后不缓解,间断黑便。查体:重度贫血貌,左锁骨上可触及2个约花生米大小、质地较硬的淋巴结。上腹部轻压痛。2.应首选下列哪项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "大便潜血试验", "B": "血清胃泌素测定", "C": "B超", "D": "胃镜检查"}, "answer": "胃镜检查", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "可出现幻觉、妄想症状的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑外伤", "B": "疑病症", "C": "神经衰弱", "D": "抑郁症"}, "answer": "抑郁症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有一病人患风湿性心脏病,二尖瓣狭窄合并关闭不全5年。如果对该病人作肺脏活检,在光镜下可能出现的病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺泡腔内有红细胞", "B": "肺泡壁毛细血管扩张充血", "C": "肺泡腔内有心力衰竭细胞", "D": "以上各项。病变都可出现"}, "answer": "以上各项。病变都可出现", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.腹部闭合性损伤中,损伤发生率最高的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直肠破裂", "B": "结肠破裂", "C": "脾破裂", "D": "胰腺损伤"}, "answer": "脾破裂", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "初产妇,25岁。足月顺产后第3天,纯母乳喂养。乳房胀痛,无红肿,乳汁排出不畅,体温37.6度。恰当的处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生麦芽煎服", "B": "少喝水", "C": "让新生儿吸吮双乳", "D": "芒硝外敷用"}, "answer": "让新生儿吸吮双乳", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,4岁。近3个月发现右侧腹部有一肿物,增长迅速,行经腹肾切除术,病理为肾母细胞瘤。术后首选的辅助治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "放射治疗", "B": "生物治疗", "C": "基因治疗", "D": "中医药治疗"}, "answer": "放射治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "鼠疫杆菌对血管内皮细胞有毒性的菌体成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "F1抗原", "B": "V抗原", "C": "V和W抗原的结合物", "D": "MT"}, "answer": "V和W抗原的结合物", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列食物成分进入十二指肠后,刺激缩胆囊素分泌作用最强的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "电解质", "B": "脂肪", "C": "蛋白质", "D": "纤维素"}, "answer": "蛋白质", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,男,4岁。左上腹包块进行性增大2月余,质地稍硬,无肉眼血尿。应首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾结核", "B": "肾母细胞瘤", "C": "肾透明细胞癌", "D": "多囊肾"}, "answer": "肾母细胞瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,29岁,贫血病史1年,浅表淋巴结不肿大,肝脾未触及,血象呈现全血细胞减少,下列哪项支持再障的诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓非造血细胞增多,NAP增加", "B": "骨髓增生低下,造血细胞减少", "C": "网织红细胞减少", "D": "巨核细胞增多"}, "answer": "骨髓增生低下,造血细胞减少", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性支气管炎典型病变中没有(  )。", "options": {"A": "黏膜上皮鳞状化生", "B": "支气管腺体和杯状细胞增生", "C": "支气管内有多量泡沫细胞", "D": "支气管软骨变性、萎缩"}, "answer": "支气管内有多量泡沫细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "超急性排斥反应的主要原因(  )。", "options": {"A": "ABO血型抗体或抗HLAⅠ类分子的抗体", "B": "移植物供血不足", "C": "抗Rh血型抗体", "D": "中性粒细胞"}, "answer": "ABO血型抗体或抗HLAⅠ类分子的抗体", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,女,2岁,心前区可听到2~3级收缩期杂音。胸部X线显示两肺纹理减少。考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "室间隔缺损", "B": "动脉导管未闭", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "肺动脉瓣狭窄"}, "answer": "法洛四联症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.Curling溃疡的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "酒精", "B": "严重烧伤", "C": "中枢神经系统严重损害", "D": "非甾体抗炎药"}, "answer": "严重烧伤", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.以上哪项属糖异生的酶?(  )", "options": {"A": "葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶", "B": "苹果酸脱氢酶", "C": "丙酮酸脱氢酶", "D": "NADH脱氢酶"}, "answer": "葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "执行职务的医疗保健人员,卫生防疫人员发现下列情况,必须按照国务院卫生行政部门规定的时限向当地卫生防疫机构报告疫情(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲类、乙类传染病病人、病原体携带者或者疑似传染病病人", "B": "甲类、乙类和监测区域内的丙类传染病病人、病原携带者或者疑似传染病病人", "C": "甲类、乙类和监测区域内的丙类传染病病人、病原携带者或者疑似传染病病人", "D": "监测区域内的传染病病人、病原携带者或者疑似传染病病人"}, "answer": "甲类、乙类和监测区域内的丙类传染病病人、病原携带者或者疑似传染病病人", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,40岁。幽门梗阻致反复呕吐15天入院,呼吸浅慢,血压90/70mmHg(12.0/9.3kPa)。实验室检查:血清钾3.0mmol/L、钠130mmol/L,pH 7.5,血浆HCO35mmol/L。2.该病人电解质失衡诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "低钾血症、低钠血症", "B": "高钾血症、低钠血症", "C": "高钾血症、高钠血症", "D": "高钾血症"}, "answer": "低钾血症、低钠血症", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,66岁。阵发性腹痛5天,伴恶心、腹胀1天入院,无发热。体格检查:腹膨隆,见肠型,肠鸣音亢进,有气过水声,腹部平片见腹中部扩张,小肠呈阶梯状液平,结肠内少量积气,可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低位小肠梗阻", "B": "高位小肠梗阻", "C": "坏死性小肠炎", "D": "阑尾炎"}, "answer": "低位小肠梗阻", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.Ⅰ期淋巴瘤(  )。", "options": {"A": "病变仅限于一个解剖部位", "B": "病变累及右侧颈、腋下和腹股沟淋巴结", "C": "病变累及左腋下淋巴结及肝脏", "D": "病变累及左颈及纵隔淋巴结"}, "answer": "病变仅限于一个解剖部位", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,53岁,咳嗽,咳痰带血,胸片纵隔阴影增宽,有占位性病变,支气管镜取材活检,见支气管黏膜鳞状上皮化生,部分细胞异型性明显,有间桥,并见病理性核分裂象。该患者的正确诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "鳞状上皮化生,重度不典型增生", "B": "腺癌", "C": "鳞状细胞癌", "D": "小细胞癌"}, "answer": "鳞状细胞癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.来源于上皮组织的恶性肿瘤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癌", "B": "肉瘤", "C": "精原细胞瘤", "D": "霍奇金病"}, "answer": "癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某人因病住院20天,治疗费用共53000元,结算费用时被告知50000元以下的部分由医保支付,另外3000元需个人支付,该案例中的50000是(  )。", "options": {"A": "起付线", "B": "封顶线", "C": "自付线", "D": "封底线"}, "answer": "封顶线", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,25岁。头痛,全身痛,乏力伴发热3天,于8月15日来诊。发病前曾割水稻多日。查体:T 39℃,P 110次/分,神志清,球结膜充血,腹股沟淋巴结肿大,腓肠肌压痛。此患者所患疾病的病原特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "菌体纤细,有12~18个螺旋,镀银染色呈黑色", "B": "革兰染色阴性杆菌,在含胆汁培养基生长更好", "C": "革兰染色阴性杆菌,有菌毛,无鞭毛及荚膜", "D": "革兰染色阴性弧菌,形态弯曲"}, "answer": "菌体纤细,有12~18个螺旋,镀银染色呈黑色", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "判断肺结核传染性最主要的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血沉增快", "B": "胸部X线片显示空洞性病变", "C": "结核菌素试验阳性", "D": "痰涂片找到抗酸杆菌"}, "answer": "痰涂片找到抗酸杆菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列有关急性炎症的描述,哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "起病急骤", "B": "病变持续时间相对短", "C": "炎症细胞浸润常以中性粒细胞为主", "D": "炎症局部不出现增生性病变"}, "answer": "炎症局部不出现增生性病变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在下述氨基酸中疏水性氨基酸是(  )。", "options": {"A": "赖氨酸", "B": "组氨酸", "C": "谷氨酸", "D": "丙氨酸"}, "answer": "丙氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "组织坏死后,组织细胞结构消失,坏死细胞蛋白凝固,正常保持其轮廓残影,此病灶属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "干酪样坏死", "B": "凝固性坏死", "C": "坏疽", "D": "气性坏疽"}, "answer": "凝固性坏死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "败血症常见的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒", "B": "支原体", "C": "细菌", "D": "螺旋体"}, "answer": "细菌", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某中年人,童年生活受挫,个性克制,情绪压抑,经常焦虑、抑郁,不善于宣泄,过分谨慎,委曲求全。他的行为模式最容易患的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "冠心病", "B": "慢性结肠炎", "C": "甲状腺功能亢进", "D": "癌症"}, "answer": "癌症", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.中颅凹骨折(  )。", "options": {"A": "双眼睑皮下青紫,逐渐加重", "B": "乳突下或咽后壁黏膜下淤血", "C": "脑脊液耳漏", "D": "颞部头皮肿胀淤血"}, "answer": "脑脊液耳漏", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "支原体肺炎宜选(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯霉素", "B": "青霉素", "C": "土霉素", "D": "四环素"}, "answer": "四环素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,32岁,l7岁时起病,走路不稳,偏向一侧,双手震颤,眼睛看不清字,成绩下降,25岁时出现癫痫大发作,27岁逐渐出现精神异常,吵闹不休,打人骂人砸东西,时有自言自语,随地大小便,吐字不清,流口水,患者妹妹有相同病史。查体:意识清楚,兴奋躁动,傻笑,思维贫乏,智力低下,行为紊乱,血清铜氧化酶低于正常,有K-F环,肝脏B超呈轻度结节性硬化。该病人诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "早老性痴呆", "C": "肝豆状核变性所致精神障碍", "D": "匹克病"}, "answer": "肝豆状核变性所致精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不是腺垂体分泌的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "促肾上腺皮质激素", "B": "黄体生成素", "C": "催产素", "D": "催乳素"}, "answer": "催产素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性肾炎病例临床表现,不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "水肿", "B": "少尿", "C": "血尿", "D": "休克"}, "answer": "休克", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,男,1岁,阵发性痉挛性咳嗽20余日,出生时接种卡介苗,1:2000OT试验硬结直径20mm,胸片右肺门淋巴结增大,诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "百日咳合并肺炎", "B": "原发综合征", "C": "支气管淋巴结核", "D": "百日咳"}, "answer": "支气管淋巴结核", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "行为主义理论认为,心理障碍的心理学原因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "不良的认知模式", "B": "潜意识内的心理冲突", "C": "获得性学习结果", "D": "个人成长受到阻抑"}, "answer": "获得性学习结果", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于流行病学,下列说法正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "从个体的角度研究疾病和健康状况分布及其影响因素", "B": "侧重研究传染病的流行特征和防治措施", "C": "研究人群中疾病和健康状况分布及其影响因素", "D": "只研究疾病的防治措施"}, "answer": "研究人群中疾病和健康状况分布及其影响因素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.卵巢黏液性囊腺病(  )。", "options": {"A": "良性肿瘤", "B": "交界性肿瘤", "C": "癌前病变", "D": "非肿瘤性良性病变"}, "answer": "良性肿瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "轮状病毒的特点不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "可引起婴幼儿腹泻", "B": "主要经粪口途径传播", "C": "可引起急性出血性结膜炎", "D": "电镜下呈车轮状形态"}, "answer": "可引起急性出血性结膜炎", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.活化为浆细胞产生抗体的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Mφ", "B": "T", "C": "B", "D": "NK"}, "answer": "B", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪一项不属于病人的权利(  )。", "options": {"A": "有拒绝对疾病的治疗权利", "B": "在任何时候可退出医学各种实验的权利", "C": "免除一切社会义务和责任的权利", "D": "有了解自己病情的权利"}, "answer": "免除一切社会义务和责任的权利", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.携带缺陷基因BRCA-1者易患的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "白血病", "B": "甲状腺癌", "C": "肺癌", "D": "乳腺癌"}, "answer": "乳腺癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性肾病继发甲状旁腺功能亢进的始动因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低钙血症", "B": "高钾血症", "C": "高尿酸血症", "D": "低代谢性酸中毒"}, "answer": "低钙血症", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "按诊疗同意制度,无法取得患者意见又无家属或者关系人在场,或者遇到其他特殊情况时,处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可以由经治医生决定施行", "B": "可以由经治医生与其他医生商量后决定施行", "C": "经治医师提出处置方案,取得医疗机构负责人批准后实施", "D": "经治医师决定,其他医护人员在场见证情况下施行"}, "answer": "经治医师提出处置方案,取得医疗机构负责人批准后实施", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,59岁。反复发热半个月。查体:T 38.5℃,双侧颈部和腹股沟淋巴结肿大,最大者2cm×2cm,无压痛,肝脾不大。CT示右侧胸腔中等量积液,穿刺后胸水细胞学检查见大量淋巴细胞。根据目前资料,该患者的临床分期是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅳ期B", "B": "Ⅳ期A", "C": "Ⅱ期B", "D": "Ⅲ期A"}, "answer": "Ⅳ期B", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "病人突然昏迷、抽搐、瞳孔缩小、皮肤湿冷、多汗、呼吸困难,应考虑下述哪一种疾病可能性大?(  )", "options": {"A": "巴比妥类药物中毒", "B": "CO中毒", "C": "阿托品中毒", "D": "有机磷农药中毒"}, "answer": "有机磷农药中毒", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.ABO抗原(  )。", "options": {"A": "引起Ⅰ型超敏反应", "B": "引起Ⅱ型超敏反应", "C": "引起Ⅲ型超敏反应", "D": "引起Ⅳ型超敏反应"}, "answer": "引起Ⅱ型超敏反应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,24岁,突然意识不清,跌倒,全身强直数秒钟后抽搐,咬破舌。2分钟后抽搐停止。醒后活动正常。2.应进一步做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑电图", "B": "脑脊液检查", "C": "脑血管造影", "D": "经颅超声多普勒(TCD)"}, "answer": "脑电图", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者6岁,经常咳嗽、气促,不爱玩耍,活动后乏力。查体:发育落后,胸骨左缘第2、3肋间闻及Ⅲ级收缩期杂音,无震颤,传导范围小,肺动脉第二音亢进伴固定分裂。胸片:右房右室增大,肺动脉段突出,肺野充血。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "法洛四联症", "C": "室间隔缺损", "D": "肺动脉狭窄"}, "answer": "房间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "纤溶酶主要作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "激活因子Ⅻ", "B": "抑制激肽系统", "C": "水解凝血酶及因子Ⅴ、Ⅶ", "D": "水解纤维蛋白原和纤维蛋白"}, "answer": "水解纤维蛋白原和纤维蛋白", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医患关系是一种(  )。", "options": {"A": "主从关系", "B": "商品关系", "C": "信托关系", "D": "陌生人关系"}, "answer": "信托关系", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "60岁男性,活动中突感眩晕、枕部疼痛,呕吐,步行不稳,20分钟后昏迷,呼吸节律不整,诊断为脑出血,其部位位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "基底节", "B": "脑颞叶", "C": "脑室", "D": "小脑"}, "answer": "小脑", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不属于细菌性肝脓肿临床特征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脓肿较小,常多发", "B": "常继发于肠道感染", "C": "穿刺脓液为咖啡色", "D": "细菌培养可阳性"}, "answer": "穿刺脓液为咖啡色", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "红细胞渗透脆性增高的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "再生障碍性贫血", "B": "遗传性球形红细胞增多症", "C": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血", "D": "海洋性贫血"}, "answer": "遗传性球形红细胞增多症", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "病理检查一小儿肺脏切面时,两肺各叶均有大小不等的实变病灶,而且下叶为重呈灰白色或灰黄色,病灶边界不清,其病变应属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "不典型肺炎", "B": "大叶性肺炎", "C": "小叶性肺炎", "D": "干酪样肺炎"}, "answer": "小叶性肺炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "8岁女孩,主因发热2周收入院。查体:T38℃,P100次/分,咽稍充血,心肺(-),双足背见二处结节性红斑,化验血沉100mm/h,ASO1257U,PPD(-)。3.治疗中需要监测的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "PPD", "B": "胸部X线", "C": "血沉", "D": "血清补体C3"}, "answer": "血沉", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.上述哪项是甲苯磺丁脲降血糖作用机制?(  )", "options": {"A": "抑制蛋白质合成", "B": "刺激胰岛β细胞释放胰岛素", "C": "抑制糖原分解和异生", "D": "增强胰岛素的作用"}, "answer": "刺激胰岛β细胞释放胰岛素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "蛋白质变性是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋白质一级结构改变", "B": "蛋白质空间构象的破坏", "C": "蛋白质水解", "D": "辅基的脱落"}, "answer": "蛋白质空间构象的破坏", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "抢救糖尿病酮症酸中毒,在第1个24小时内补液总量(  )。", "options": {"A": "1000~2000ml", "B": "2000~4000ml", "C": "4000~6000ml", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "4000~6000ml", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "大量出汗后尿量减少的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血浆晶体渗透压↑,ADH分泌↑", "B": "血浆胶体渗透压↓,肾小球滤过↓", "C": "血容量↓,肾小球毛细血管压↓", "D": "交感神经兴奋,肾素分泌↑"}, "answer": "血浆晶体渗透压↑,ADH分泌↑", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "建筑工人不慎坠楼,腰剧痛,双下肢感觉运动障碍,排尿、排便功能障碍。3.除手术外,伤后早期最重要的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "止痛剂", "B": "抗生素", "C": "甘露醇与大剂量糖皮质激素", "D": "留置尿管"}, "answer": "甘露醇与大剂量糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者入院后,不顾病情继续坚持写论文,患者的行为属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "角色行为异常", "B": "角色行为冲突", "C": "角色行为减退", "D": "角色行为缺如"}, "answer": "角色行为缺如", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.痈的致病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "梭状芽孢杆菌", "B": "铜绿假单胞菌", "C": "大肠杆菌", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "基因表达的多级调控不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "DNA复制", "B": "RNA转录", "C": "mRNA降解", "D": "蛋白质降解"}, "answer": "DNA复制", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.公平原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "以人作为受试对象的试验", "B": "人体实验时必须要做到真正的知情同意", "C": "选择受试者的时候需遵循的", "D": "保障受试者身心安全"}, "answer": "选择受试者的时候需遵循的", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "外周血中T细胞绝对数达成人水平的年龄期是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿期", "B": "婴儿期", "C": "学龄前期", "D": "学龄期"}, "answer": "新生儿期", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "糖酵解的关键酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "己糖激酶", "B": "果糖二磷酸酶", "C": "葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶", "D": "磷酸化酶"}, "answer": "己糖激酶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "干扰血红素合成的物质的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氨基酸", "B": "铅", "C": "维生素C", "D": "Fe2+"}, "answer": "铅", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于脑出血,下列哪项为最确切的诊断依据?(  )", "options": {"A": "均有偏瘫", "B": "60岁以上发病", "C": "脑脊液血性", "D": "突然偏瘫、头部CT见底节附近高密度影"}, "answer": "突然偏瘫、头部CT见底节附近高密度影", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某研究者在社区进行糖尿病患病率调查时,首先将全区的人群按经济条件分为好、较好、差三类,然后每一类各随机抽取1/100的人做调查。该研究者使用的抽样方法分别是(  )。", "options": {"A": "整群抽样,机械抽样", "B": "机械抽样,分层抽样", "C": "分层抽样,单纯随机抽样", "D": "单纯随机抽样,系统抽样"}, "answer": "分层抽样,单纯随机抽样", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "腱反射具有下列哪项特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "是多突触反射", "B": "感受器为肌梭", "C": "缓慢牵拉肌腱而产生", "D": "屈肌和伸肌同时收缩"}, "answer": "感受器为肌梭", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于人格的说法不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "在社会化的过程中形成", "B": "是个体总的精神面貌", "C": "由个性特征的人格倾向性组成", "D": "在个体的发展中不断提高"}, "answer": "在个体的发展中不断提高", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "麻疹临床表现分期中不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "潜伏期", "B": "出疹期", "C": "出疹后期", "D": "恢复期"}, "answer": "出疹后期", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "胃大部分切除术后因胃酸分泌减少导致(  )。", "options": {"A": "缺铁性贫血", "B": "脂肪泻", "C": "腹泻", "D": "骨病"}, "answer": "缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对病人不一定有益,可能违背医学伦理学有利原则的做法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "根据病情做相应治疗", "B": "根据病情做相应检查", "C": "根据病情给予止痛手段", "D": "病人患癌症而且到了晚期时告知他本人"}, "answer": "病人患癌症而且到了晚期时告知他本人", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "治疗活动早期佝偻病给予维生素D口服法给药时间(  )。", "options": {"A": "1月后改预防量", "B": "半月后改预防量", "C": "3月后改预防量", "D": "4月后改预防量"}, "answer": "1月后改预防量", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男孩,1岁。发热伴咳嗽3天,食欲差,偶有呕吐,嗜睡,抽搐2次,双肺可闻及中细湿啰音,心率110次/分,呼吸56次/分,肝肋下1cm,白细胞4×109/L。2.高热不退,呈弛张型,出现面色苍白,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部X线片", "B": "心电图", "C": "血常规", "D": "血气分析"}, "answer": "胸部X线片", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.《伤寒杂病论》的作者是(  )。", "options": {"A": "华佗", "B": "张仲景", "C": "孙思邈", "D": "扁鹊"}, "answer": "张仲景", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "9个月女孩,母乳喂养,面色蜡黄,表情呆滞,烦躁不安。肝肋下2cm,脾肋下1cm,红细胞2.8×1012/L,血红蛋白70g/L,红细胞大小不等,大的红细胞内中央浅染区扩大,骨髓片呈巨幼细胞增生,其核粗松,胞浆较少。1.最可能诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "营养性巨幼细胞性贫血", "B": "营养性缺铁性贫血", "C": "营养性混合性贫血", "D": "白血病"}, "answer": "营养性混合性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医疗机构违反《传染病防治法》的有关规定,造成传染病传播、流行或者其他严重后果的由县以上卫生行政部门予以行政处罚与处分。下列各项中,哪一项是法律责任中没有规定的(  )。", "options": {"A": "对其单位责令改正、通报批评", "B": "对其单位予以警告", "C": "对其单位罚款", "D": "对负有责任的主管人员和其他直接责任人员予以降级、撤职、开除"}, "answer": "对其单位罚款", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为鉴别中枢性与周围性瘫痪最有意义的体征?(  )", "options": {"A": "瘫痪程度分级及范围大小", "B": "有无肌肉萎缩", "C": "肌张力增高或减低", "D": "有无病理反射"}, "answer": "有无病理反射", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.可用于洋地黄中毒所致的室性心律失常(  )。", "options": {"A": "利多卡因", "B": "普罗帕酮", "C": "普萘洛尔", "D": "胺碘酮"}, "answer": "利多卡因", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,48岁,煤气中毒一天后入院。呈深昏迷状态,休克、尿少,测定血COHb浓度为65%,该患者一氧化碳中毒的病情严重程度为(  )。", "options": {"A": "中度中毒", "B": "重度中毒", "C": "极度中毒", "D": "慢性中毒"}, "answer": "重度中毒", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于创伤后机体的代谢反应,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血糖降低", "B": "尿氮排出增加", "C": "能量需求下降", "D": "体重增加"}, "answer": "尿氮排出增加", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "55岁男性,右大腿被汽车撞伤1天,中段明显肿胀、压痛,向外成角畸形,皮温高于对侧,体温38℃,白细胞正常,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右股骨骨髓炎", "B": "右腿血肿", "C": "右股骨干骨折", "D": "右大腿软组织挫伤"}, "answer": "右股骨干骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,40岁。体重60kg,右上肢肩关节以下、右下肢膝关节以下烧伤深度为浅Ⅱ°至深Ⅱ°,右足部烧伤深度为Ⅲ°。2.该患者第一个24小时的补液量应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "2500ml", "B": "1700ml", "C": "2000ml", "D": "3700ml"}, "answer": "3700ml", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.国务院卫生行政部门(  )。", "options": {"A": "承担传染病监测、预测、流行病学调查、疫情报告以及其他预防控制工作", "B": "承担与医疗救治有关的传染病防治工作和责任区域内的传染病预防工作", "C": "在各自的职责范围内辅助传染病防治工作", "D": "主管全国传染病防治及其监督管理工作"}, "answer": "主管全国传染病防治及其监督管理工作", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,男,2岁,出生时正常,母乳喂养,5个月后智能渐落后,头发变黄,肤色变白,有时发生抽搐,肌张力较高。3.如果他刚出生不久,应选择哪项检查项目早期诊断?(  )", "options": {"A": "染色体核型分析", "B": "尿三氯化铁试验", "C": "Guthrie细菌生长抑制试验", "D": "尿2,4-二硝基苯肼试验"}, "answer": "Guthrie细菌生长抑制试验", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,35岁。右肾疼痛;尿常规红细胞充满视野,白细胞2~3/HP;尿路平片可见右下段输尿管走行区0.6cm高密度阴影。IVU可见右输尿管下段结石,其上输尿管轻度扩张,右肾轻度积水。1.输尿管结石绞痛发作时应给予的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体外震波碎石", "B": "立即手术取石", "C": "输尿管导管取石", "D": "用药物解除绞痛症状"}, "answer": "用药物解除绞痛症状", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肾综合征出血热休克,因病人渗出严重,血容量不足,经扩容治疗效果不佳,此时应根据下列哪项指标来指导扩容治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "血红蛋白量", "B": "白细胞数", "C": "尿常规", "D": "离子测定"}, "answer": "血红蛋白量", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "甲状腺未分化癌的治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺干制剂", "B": "外放射治疗", "C": "131I放射性核素", "D": "化疗"}, "answer": "外放射治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,58岁。外出途中突然头痛、眩晕,伴呕吐、走路不稳前来急诊。查体:BP 180/105mmHg,心率62次/分,双眼向右水平眼震,右手指鼻不准,右侧跟膝胫试验阳性。2.为进一步明确诊断,应采取的主要措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "详细追问有关病史", "B": "脑电图", "C": "头颅CT", "D": "脑脊液检查"}, "answer": "头颅CT", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "提示心包积液的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Musset征", "B": "Ewart征", "C": "Roth斑", "D": "Duroziez征"}, "answer": "Ewart征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项为细菌性痢疾的传播途径?(  )", "options": {"A": "虫媒传播", "B": "消化道", "C": "血液", "D": "接触传播"}, "answer": "消化道", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是易引起免疫耐受性的抗原注射途径?(  )", "options": {"A": "静脉>腹腔>皮下/肌肉", "B": "腹腔>静脉>皮下/肌肉", "C": "腹腔>皮下/肌肉>静脉", "D": "皮下/肌肉>腹腔>静脉"}, "answer": "静脉>腹腔>皮下/肌肉", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "引起急性肾小球肾炎的常见致病菌为(  )。", "options": {"A": "A组β溶血性链球菌", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "C": "肺炎链球菌", "D": "B组β溶血性链球菌"}, "answer": "A组β溶血性链球菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,48岁。双下肢水肿2个月,既往体健。查体:BP 140/90mmHg,血ALB 27g/L,Scr 92μmol/L,尿蛋(+++),尿潜血(—);肾活检检示:基底膜增厚,嗜银染色有钉突形成。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膜性肾病", "B": "IgA肾病", "C": "局灶节段性肾小球硬化", "D": "系膜毛细血管性肾小球肾病"}, "answer": "膜性肾病", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是与慢性胃炎和消化性溃疡有密切关系的病原菌?(  )", "options": {"A": "空肠弯曲菌", "B": "幽门螺杆菌", "C": "鼠伤寒沙门菌", "D": "副溶血性弧菌"}, "answer": "幽门螺杆菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "蛋白质紫外吸收的最大波长是(  )。", "options": {"A": "250nm", "B": "270nm", "C": "280nm", "D": "290nm"}, "answer": "280nm", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "淤血时扩张充盈的血管主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉", "B": "静脉", "C": "小动脉和毛细血管", "D": "小静脉和毛细血管"}, "answer": "小静脉和毛细血管", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.上述哪项参与辅酶A的组成?(  )", "options": {"A": "维生素B1", "B": "维生素PP", "C": "叶酸", "D": "泛酸"}, "answer": "泛酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "乳腺癌扩大根治术的切除范围包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳房及同侧腋窝脂肪淋巴组织", "B": "乳房、胸大肌、胸小肌及同侧腋窝脂肪淋巴组织", "C": "乳房、胸大肌、胸小肌及同侧腋窝、锁骨上脂肪淋巴组织", "D": "乳房、胸大肌、胸小肌及同侧腋窝、胸骨旁脂肪淋巴组织"}, "answer": "乳房、胸大肌、胸小肌及同侧腋窝、胸骨旁脂肪淋巴组织", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,20岁,半年前曾患右股骨急性化脓性骨髓炎,经治疗后好转,但局部有窦道形成,常有少许稀黄色脓汁流出,近4日瘘道口闭合,但出现高热,局部压痛明显,并有红肿,X线片示有死骨存留,而且包壳形成充分,应立即(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨钻孔手术", "B": "死骨摘除,植骨术", "C": "切开引流", "D": "瘘道搔刮术"}, "answer": "切开引流", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.胸骨左缘第2肋间有粗糙响亮的连续性机械样杂音,可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "动脉导管未闭", "D": "法洛四联症"}, "answer": "动脉导管未闭", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "足月儿,有窒息史,生后第2天嗜睡,面色微绀,呼吸频率32次/分,心率95次/分,前囟紧张,心音较低钝,四肢肌张力差,拥抱反射消失。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿败血症", "B": "中枢神经系统感染", "C": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病", "D": "低血糖症"}, "answer": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.医师经执业注册后(  )。", "options": {"A": "只准从事医疗业务", "B": "只准从事预防业务", "C": "可以从事相应的医疗、预防、保健业务", "D": "不得从事医师执业活动"}, "answer": "可以从事相应的医疗、预防、保健业务", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,35岁。因尿频、尿急、尿痛2天就诊。体检:体温38.5℃。右肾区叩痛明显,尿常规:蛋白(++),白细胞满视野,红细胞10~15个/HP。5.根据假设信息本次中段尿培养结果为大肠杆菌生长,菌落计数>105/ml。此时应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性肾盂肾炎", "B": "慢性间质性肾炎", "C": "再感染", "D": "复发"}, "answer": "再感染", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一般多采用非手术治疗的骨关节结核是(  )。", "options": {"A": "破坏较明显,进展快,又很靠近关节软骨的单纯骨型", "B": "病灶内有较大死骨", "C": "单纯滑膜型", "D": "窦道长期未愈合"}, "answer": "单纯滑膜型", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,65岁。反复不规律上腹部胀痛3年,胃镜诊断为萎缩性胃炎。1.判断该患者炎症活动的客观依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃黏膜内中性粒细胞增多", "B": "胃黏膜中增多的主要是淋巴细胞", "C": "胃黏膜肠上皮化生", "D": "胃黏膜纤维组织增生"}, "answer": "胃黏膜内中性粒细胞增多", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "老年性痴呆的病理学特征性诊断依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑神经细胞缩小", "B": "脑神经细胞减少", "C": "老年斑", "D": "染色体溶解"}, "answer": "老年斑", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.首先考虑功能性消化不良的临床表现(  )。", "options": {"A": "吞咽困难", "B": "反复反酸、烧心伴胸痛", "C": "突发上腹刀割样疼痛向腰背部放射", "D": "间断餐后上腹部胀痛伴嗳气,不影响睡眠"}, "answer": "间断餐后上腹部胀痛伴嗳气,不影响睡眠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.与Ⅲ度胎盘早剥早期症状不相符的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有妊高症病史", "B": "阴道出血与休克成反比", "C": "呼吸困难,咳嗽,发绀等呼吸衰竭", "D": "子宫成板状,胎心消失"}, "answer": "阴道出血与休克成反比", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "按照《母婴保健法》规定,必须经本人同意并签字,本人无行为能力的,应当经其监护人同意并签字的手术或治疗项目是(  )。", "options": {"A": "产前检查、产前诊断", "B": "终止妊娠、结扎", "C": "产前诊断、终止妊娠", "D": "产前诊断、结扎"}, "answer": "终止妊娠、结扎", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对稳定蛋白质构象通常不起作用的化学键是(  )。", "options": {"A": "疏水键", "B": "氢键", "C": "盐键", "D": "酯键"}, "answer": "酯键", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "细胞坏死镜下主要形态表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "核溶解、胞浆浓缩、核膜破裂", "B": "核浓缩、核膜破裂、胞浆浓缩", "C": "核破裂、胞浆浓缩、胞核破裂", "D": "核浓缩、核碎裂、核溶解"}, "answer": "核浓缩、核碎裂、核溶解", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "当细胞外Ca2+浓度降低时主要引起心肌(  )。", "options": {"A": "收缩降低", "B": "收缩增强", "C": "舒张减慢", "D": "传导增快"}, "answer": "收缩降低", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小叶性肺炎的常见并发症不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "脓胸", "B": "肺脓肿", "C": "肺大疱", "D": "呼吸功能衰竭"}, "answer": "肺大疱", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "短效口服避孕药含有的成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "雌激素", "B": "雌激素+雄性激素", "C": "孕激素+雄性激素", "D": "雌激素+孕激素"}, "answer": "雌激素+孕激素", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,60岁。头晕、心悸3~4年,心尖搏动向左下移位,呈抬举性搏动,于胸骨左缘第3、4肋间闻及叹气样舒张期杂音,为递减型,向心尖传导,在心尖区闻及隆隆样舒张早期杂音,股动脉可闻及枪击音,诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "二尖瓣关闭不全", "B": "主动脉瓣关闭不全", "C": "二尖瓣狭窄", "D": "二尖瓣脱垂"}, "answer": "主动脉瓣关闭不全", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.属于B细胞缺陷病(  )。", "options": {"A": "DiGeorge综合征", "B": "Bruton病", "C": "SCID", "D": "补体缺陷病"}, "answer": "Bruton病", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "伤寒肉芽肿由下列何种细胞组成?(  )", "options": {"A": "淋巴细胞", "B": "巨噬细胞", "C": "类上皮细胞", "D": "多核巨细胞"}, "answer": "巨噬细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "与有机磷中毒无关的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌肉颤动", "B": "瞳孔缩小", "C": "呕吐物有酸酵味", "D": "唾液多"}, "answer": "呕吐物有酸酵味", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,40岁。当听到家中房子因洪水倒塌的消息后,突然顿足哭喊,表情恐惧而紧张拿砖头打砸旁边的房子,反复喊叫“我没有房子啦,我没有房子啦……”,1天后开始逐渐恢复平静。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "分离(转换)性障碍", "B": "急性应激障碍", "C": "急性短暂性精神病性障碍", "D": "适应障碍"}, "answer": "急性应激障碍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "细菌生长繁殖的条件不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "酸碱度", "B": "营养物质", "C": "气体环境", "D": "溶解度"}, "answer": "溶解度", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "NK细胞在抗肿瘤中的特点不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "需预先致敏才能杀伤肿瘤细胞", "B": "无肿瘤特异性", "C": "无MHC限制性", "D": "肿瘤早期起作用的效应细胞"}, "answer": "需预先致敏才能杀伤肿瘤细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪个器官不属于经典内分泌腺?(  )", "options": {"A": "肾上腺", "B": "前列腺", "C": "甲状腺", "D": "垂体"}, "answer": "前列腺", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.协调性子官收缩乏力时应采用的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌肉注射哌替啶", "B": "静脉滴注缩宫素", "C": "剖宫产术", "D": "阴道内应用前列腺素栓"}, "answer": "静脉滴注缩宫素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,28岁,无意中发现甲状腺肿块15天,近3天来似有增大,锝-99扫描示“冷结节”,硒甲状腺扫描示冷结节处有放射性浓聚,甲状腺B超结果为实质性肿块,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "青春期甲状腺肿", "B": "单纯性甲状腺肿", "C": "结节性甲状腺肿", "D": "甲状腺癌"}, "answer": "甲状腺癌", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "香豆素类用药过量引起的自发性出血,可用何药对抗?(  )", "options": {"A": "维生素K", "B": "氨甲苯酸", "C": "氨甲环酸", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "维生素K", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.海洋性贫血(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清铁增高,总铁结合力正常,血清铁蛋白正常或增高", "B": "血清铁降低,总铁结合力降低,血清铁蛋白正常或增高", "C": "血清铁降低,总铁结合力增高,血清铁蛋白降低", "D": "血清铁降低,总铁结合力降低,血清铁蛋白降低"}, "answer": "血清铁增高,总铁结合力正常,血清铁蛋白正常或增高", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "微循环中参与体温调节的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "迂回通路", "B": "动-静脉短路", "C": "直捷通路", "D": "微动脉"}, "answer": "动-静脉短路", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "PCO2升高引起呼吸加深加快最主要是通过下列哪项引起的?(  )", "options": {"A": "刺激颈动脉窦压力感受器", "B": "刺激中枢化学感受器转而兴奋呼吸中枢", "C": "直接刺激呼吸中枢", "D": "刺激颈动脉体化学感受器"}, "answer": "刺激中枢化学感受器转而兴奋呼吸中枢", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,22岁,阵发性心悸,头痛、大汗3月余,多在体位变化、情绪激动时发作,体重减轻约5kg,发作时面色苍白,多汗,血压最高时达220/110mmHg,心率100次/分,静注酚妥拉明后1分钟血压可降至150/100mmHg,肾上腺CT示右肾上腺有直径约5cm类球形占位。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "嗜铬细胞瘤", "B": "库欣综合征", "C": "甲状腺功能亢进", "D": "原发性醛固酮增多症"}, "answer": "嗜铬细胞瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "妇女,54岁。白带增多,均匀稀薄,有臭味,阴道黏膜无明显充血,阴道pH 5。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌性阴道病", "B": "滴虫阴道炎", "C": "念珠菌阴道炎", "D": "老年性阴道炎"}, "answer": "细菌性阴道病", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一期梅毒的典型损害是(  )。", "options": {"A": "扁平湿疣", "B": "软下疳", "C": "硬下疳", "D": "掌跖角化斑"}, "answer": "硬下疳", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "兴奋—收缩偶联的关键因素是肌浆中何种离子的浓度升高?(  )", "options": {"A": "K+", "B": "Ca2+", "C": "Mg2+", "D": "Mn2+"}, "answer": "Ca2+", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "易并发肺肉质变的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大叶性肺炎", "B": "小叶性肺炎", "C": "呼吸窘迫综合症", "D": "肺梗死"}, "answer": "大叶性肺炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者左眼上睑下垂,眼球向内、向上运动不能,向下运动受限,左瞳也散大,对光反射消失,病损部位在(  )。", "options": {"A": "左动眼神经", "B": "左三叉神经眼支", "C": "左滑车神经", "D": "左视神经"}, "answer": "左动眼神经", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "哪项是造成先天性甲状腺功能减低症的最主要的原因?(  )", "options": {"A": "促甲状腺激素缺乏", "B": "甲状腺不发育或发育不全", "C": "碘缺乏", "D": "甲状腺或靶器官反应性低下"}, "answer": "甲状腺不发育或发育不全", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,60岁。发作性右侧肢体无力伴言语不利2天,每次持续20分钟后可自行缓解。既往有高血压史。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑栓塞", "B": "周期性瘫痪", "C": "短暂性脑缺血发作", "D": "脑血栓形成"}, "answer": "短暂性脑缺血发作", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于OT试验下述哪一项最准确?(  )", "options": {"A": "凡是OT试验阴性可除外结核病", "B": "OT试验阳性可肯定有结核病", "C": "卡介苗接种成功OT试验呈强阳性", "D": "粟粒结核OT试验可呈阴性"}, "answer": "粟粒结核OT试验可呈阴性", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.分离培养真菌选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "血平板", "B": "沙保培养基", "C": "巧克力色培养基", "D": "疱肉培养基"}, "answer": "沙保培养基", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "深Ⅱ度烧伤的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "轻度发红、轻痛,无水疱", "B": "剧痛,创面均匀发红,有水疱", "C": "痛觉迟钝创面苍白,无水疱", "D": "痛觉消失,创面蜡白,无弹性,无水疱"}, "answer": "剧痛,创面均匀发红,有水疱", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.日本血吸虫之成虫可引起何种病变(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮炎", "B": "嗜酸性脓肿和假结核结节", "C": "肠系膜静脉及门静脉炎", "D": "胆管炎"}, "answer": "肠系膜静脉及门静脉炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.能引起霍乱样腹泻且不耐热的致病物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "LT(不耐热肠毒素)", "B": "ST(耐热肠毒素)", "C": "SLT(志贺样毒素)", "D": "CFA(定居因子)"}, "answer": "LT(不耐热肠毒素)", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项属于良好医患关系的作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "有利于实施预防措施", "B": "有利于病人的情绪", "C": "有利于医务人员的健康", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于IL-2的生物学效应,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "以自分泌和旁分泌方式发挥作用", "B": "促进T细胞和B细胞的增殖分化", "C": "增强NK细胞、单核细胞的杀伤活性。", "D": "抑制THl细胞分泌IFN-γ"}, "answer": "抑制THl细胞分泌IFN-γ", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "垂体微腺瘤是指直径小于多少的肿瘤?(  )", "options": {"A": "15mm", "B": "12mm", "C": "10mm", "D": "18mm"}, "answer": "10mm", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是TCR识别Ag后向细胞传递信息的分子?(  )", "options": {"A": "CD4", "B": "CD3", "C": "CD2", "D": "CD8"}, "answer": "CD3", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "确诊伤寒最可靠的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血培养阳性", "B": "发热、中毒症状、白细胞减少", "C": "胆汁培养阳性", "D": "肥达反应阳性"}, "answer": "血培养阳性", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列药均对前庭功能有损害,引起眩晕、平衡失调、恶心、呕吐和眼球震颤等症状,发生率最高的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "链霉素", "B": "庆大霉素", "C": "阿米卡星", "D": "奈替米星"}, "answer": "链霉素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿身高80cm,前囟门已闭,头围48cm,乳牙20枚,会跳并能用简单的语言表达自己的需要,对人、事有喜乐之分。1.此小儿的年龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "10个月", "B": "2岁", "C": "3岁", "D": "4岁"}, "answer": "2岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男孩,10岁。因高度水肿及大量蛋白尿,予泼尼松60mg/d治疗10周,病情未缓解来诊。查体:T 36.5℃,P 80次/分,R 18次/分,颜面明显水肿,面色苍白,肺部未闻及啰音,心(-),腹部较膨隆,肝脾触及不清,四肢明显水肿。实验室检查蛋白尿(+++),尿沉渣镜检RBC 50/HP,补体C3正常,肾功能正常。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "先天性肾病综合征", "B": "肾炎性肾病综合征", "C": "单纯型肾病综合征", "D": "慢性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "肾炎性肾病综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列对抗精神病药分类的描述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "经典药物又称为神经阻滞剂,通过阻断D2受体起到抗幻觉妄想作用", "B": "按作用机制分为多巴胺受体阻滞剂与肾上腺受体阻滞剂", "C": "按临床特点分为低效价与高效价两类", "D": "非经典抗精神病药通过平衡阻滞5-HT受体和D2受体起治疗作用"}, "answer": "按作用机制分为多巴胺受体阻滞剂与肾上腺受体阻滞剂", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "能通过胎盘的抗体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgA", "B": "IgG", "C": "IgM", "D": "IgE"}, "answer": "IgG", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1分子葡萄糖无氧酵解时,净生成ATP的数目为(  )。", "options": {"A": "1个", "B": "2个", "C": "3个", "D": "4个"}, "answer": "2个", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "“一种心理测量的工具”称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "心理评估", "B": "心理鉴定", "C": "心理测验", "D": "心理观察"}, "answer": "心理测验", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于胸膜间皮瘤所致胸腔积液叙述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是漏出液", "B": "是渗出液", "C": "介于漏出液和渗出液之间", "D": "比重<1.018"}, "answer": "是渗出液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某35岁女性,10年前曾有难产史,产后无乳、闭经,食欲不振,疲乏无力,血压偏低,因腹泻、脱水入院。3.对该患者腹泻、脱水,最有效的治疗措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "静滴葡萄糖溶液和抗生素", "B": "静滴葡萄糖盐水和氢化可的松", "C": "静滴葡萄糖和地塞米松", "D": "静滴ACTH"}, "answer": "静滴葡萄糖盐水和氢化可的松", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,60岁,半年前因精神因素起病,表现为失眠、好忘事、说话哕嗦。复发近4个月,愁眉苦脸,要自杀,少言少语,对不起子女,翻箱倒柜,认错家人。既往有高血压史,无卒中史。曾诊断为“抑郁症”、“原发性高血压”。经治疗,一度病情好转,表现豁然开朗,对往事感到莫明其妙,2天后病情复发。躯体检查:血压160/11OmmHg,四肢肌张力增高,双手震颤,无病理反射。精神检查:阵发性意识不清,表情淡漠,缄默违拗,拒饮拒食,近记忆力明显减退,告诉事转眼即忘,远记忆尚可,能正确回忆重大生活事件。2.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "老年性痴呆", "B": "脑血管病所致精神障碍", "C": "精神分裂症", "D": "反应性木僵"}, "answer": "脑血管病所致精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在通常状况下,手术治疗前最重要的伦理原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "检查周全", "B": "知情同意", "C": "减轻病人的疑惑", "D": "决定手术方式"}, "answer": "知情同意", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,65岁。突发上腹痛1天,发热6小时,呼吸困难1小时。查体:T 38.6℃,R 32次/分,BP 90/60mmHg,P 110次/分,巩膜轻度黄染,上腹部压痛,轻度肌紧张。肠鸣音1次/分。血淀粉酶860U/L。血氧分压50mmHg。首先考虑诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性胆管炎并感染中毒性休克", "B": "肠系膜动脉栓塞", "C": "急性心肌梗死", "D": "急性胰腺炎合并呼吸窘迫综合征"}, "answer": "急性胰腺炎合并呼吸窘迫综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,62岁。发现右侧乳房肿块3个月,诊断为乳腺癌。发现血脂异常3年,未诊治。右乳腺癌改良根治术后第4天,感左小腿疼痛,左脚不能着地踏平。查体:T 37.2℃,P 86次/分,BP 120/80mmHg,伤口局部无异常渗出,左小腿肿胀最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血栓性浅静脉炎", "B": "血栓闭塞性脉管炎", "C": "大隐静脉曲张", "D": "深静脉血栓形成"}, "answer": "深静脉血栓形成", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男性,35岁。双下肢水肿2周。查体:血压130/80mmHg,双下肢轻度凹陷性水肿。尿常规:蛋白(++++),红细胞(++)。Scr 122μmol/L。血浆清蛋白28g/L。1.为明确诊断,不需要的检查项目是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾活检", "B": "肾CT", "C": "尿蛋白定量", "D": "血脂"}, "answer": "肾CT", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5.核酸探针指(  )。", "options": {"A": "不同的核酸链经变性处理,它们之间形成局部的双链", "B": "一小段核苷酸聚合体的单链,用放射性核素或生物素来标记其末端或全链", "C": "双链DNA解链成单链DNA", "D": "单链DNA恢复成双链DNA"}, "answer": "一小段核苷酸聚合体的单链,用放射性核素或生物素来标记其末端或全链", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "符合炎症的叙述的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "损伤必然导致炎症", "B": "炎症是一种防御反应", "C": "任何机体均可发生炎症", "D": "炎症是活体组织的损伤反应"}, "answer": "炎症是一种防御反应", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.急进性肾小球肾炎的病理类型(  )。", "options": {"A": "微小病变肾病", "B": "新月体性肾小球肾炎", "C": "硬化性肾小球肾炎", "D": "毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "新月体性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,46岁,情绪低落,对周围一切感到兴趣索然。自觉工作太吃力,一切懒于料理,不参加外界活动,整日卧床少动。此症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "意志缺乏", "B": "意志减退", "C": "作态", "D": "蜡样屈曲"}, "answer": "意志减退", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列各项中,哪一项不是《医院感染管理规范》中规定的医务人员进行感染管理的职责?(  )", "options": {"A": "严格执行无菌技术操作规程等各项规章制度", "B": "掌握抗感染药物临床合理应用原则,做到合理使用", "C": "对患者进行抗感染教育", "D": "参加预防、控制医院感染知识的培训等"}, "answer": "对患者进行抗感染教育", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "构成医疗事故的主观方面,应当是(  )。", "options": {"A": "技术水平欠缺的技术过失", "B": "违反卫生法规和诊疗护理法规、常规的责任过失", "C": "违反操作规程的故意", "D": "过于自信的过失"}, "answer": "违反卫生法规和诊疗护理法规、常规的责任过失", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.苯海索的作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "促进DA神经元释放DA,抑制DA摄取", "B": "抑制外周多巴脱羧酶,增强左旋多巴疗效", "C": "在脑内转变为DA,补充纹状体中DA的不足", "D": "阻断中枢胆碱受体"}, "answer": "阻断中枢胆碱受体", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "引起儿童自发性颅内蛛网膜下腔出血最常见的原因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑动静脉畸形破裂", "B": "脑瘤卒中", "C": "抗凝治疗", "D": "血质不调"}, "answer": "脑动静脉畸形破裂", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2型糖尿病的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "常以慢性并发症为首发症状", "B": "30岁前发病者往往症状严重", "C": "胰岛功能正常", "D": "病人不需使用胰岛素治疗"}, "answer": "常以慢性并发症为首发症状", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于结核病,下列哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "对人致病的结核杆菌主要为人型及牛型", "B": "可经呼吸道及消化道感染", "C": "增生为主的病变见于抵抗力低下、菌量多时", "D": "干酪样坏死物中大都含有一定量的结核杆菌"}, "answer": "增生为主的病变见于抵抗力低下、菌量多时", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿6岁,半月前患猩红热,经治疗后好转,近1周有不规则的发热,伴有游走性关节痛,多汗、乏力。查体:精神萎靡,面色苍白,心率120次/分,心音低钝,杂音不明显,肺呼吸音清,腹平坦柔软,肝脏、脾脏未触及,双膝关节红肿、疼痛、活动受限,下肢不肿。X线胸片示:肺阴性,心脏轻度向两侧扩大,心脏搏动减弱。心电图示:P-R间期延长。3.具体药物应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素", "B": "阿斯匹林", "C": "肾上腺皮质激素", "D": "利福平"}, "answer": "肾上腺皮质激素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "足月儿母乳喂养,生后6天巩膜、皮肤黄染,胃纳良好,血清胆红素205μmol/L(12mg/d1),应先采用何种疗法?(  )", "options": {"A": "换血疗法", "B": "光照疗法", "C": "输血浆", "D": "暂停止母乳24~72小时后复查血清胆红素"}, "answer": "暂停止母乳24~72小时后复查血清胆红素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪种细菌为革兰阴性菌?(  )", "options": {"A": "葡萄球菌", "B": "脑膜炎球菌", "C": "肺炎球菌", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "脑膜炎球菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪项是反映心脏健康程度的最好指标?(  )", "options": {"A": "每分输出量", "B": "射血分数", "C": "心指数", "D": "心力贮备"}, "answer": "心力贮备", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "嘧啶环中的两个氮原子来源于(  )。", "options": {"A": "天冬酰胺和氨甲酰磷酸", "B": "谷氨酰胺和氨甲酰磷酸", "C": "谷氨酰胺和天冬酰胺", "D": "天冬氨酸和氨甲酰磷酸"}, "answer": "天冬氨酸和氨甲酰磷酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.重症肌无力(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫隔离部位抗原暴露", "B": "胸腺微环境基质细胞缺陷", "C": "Fas及FasL基因突变致阴性选择下降", "D": "Ts细胞优势活化"}, "answer": "胸腺微环境基质细胞缺陷", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一健康女婴,体重8kg,身长68cm,已能抓物、换手。独久坐,能发复音。其符合的最早月龄时(  )。", "options": {"A": "13~15个月", "B": "11~12个月", "C": "9~10个月", "D": "7~8个月"}, "answer": "7~8个月", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对诊断精神分裂症最有意义的一组症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "思维迟缓,情绪低落,企图自杀", "B": "情感高涨,思维活动加速", "C": "思维松弛,情感淡漠,孤僻懒散", "D": "反复出现强迫观念及动作"}, "answer": "思维松弛,情感淡漠,孤僻懒散", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "5.长期失眠属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "心理疾病", "B": "心身反应", "C": "心身障碍", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "心身障碍", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项不是肝素的临床适应证?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺栓塞", "B": "严重高血压", "C": "心脏瓣膜置换术", "D": "血液透析"}, "answer": "严重高血压", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于人免疫缺陷病毒的特点,哪一项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "引起人类艾滋病", "B": "只感染CD4+细胞", "C": "可通过性行为传播", "D": "不能经胎盘传播"}, "answer": "不能经胎盘传播", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肠易激综合症患者几乎都有的临床症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹泻", "B": "腹痛", "C": "便秘", "D": "腹胀"}, "answer": "腹痛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "上腹部周期性钝痛、胃酸多一年余,胃小弯近幽门处有深达肌层的溃疡。该患者诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "进展期胃癌、溃疡型", "B": "急性消化性溃疡", "C": "慢性消化性溃疡", "D": "应激性溃疡"}, "answer": "慢性消化性溃疡", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "伤寒常有的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠梗阻", "B": "肠扭转", "C": "肠出血、肠穿孔", "D": "绞肠痧"}, "answer": "肠出血、肠穿孔", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项不属利福平的不良反应(  )。", "options": {"A": "过敏反应", "B": "胃肠道反应", "C": "肝损害", "D": "周围神经炎"}, "answer": "周围神经炎", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医师在执业活动中除正当治疗外,不得使用(  )。", "options": {"A": "保健药品", "B": "有禁忌证的药", "C": "有副作用的药品", "D": "麻醉药品"}, "answer": "麻醉药品", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.女性,6岁,烧伤50%,Ⅲ度20%,体温37℃,心率136次/分,呼吸36次/分,创面可见坏死斑,血培养为阴沟杆菌(  )。", "options": {"A": "败血症", "B": "菌血症", "C": "创面脓毒症", "D": "真菌败血症"}, "answer": "败血症", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "化脓性感染形成脓肿后,外科治疗的基本原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全身加大抗生素剂量", "B": "加用肾上腺皮质激素", "C": "配合局部物理疗法", "D": "立即切开引流"}, "answer": "立即切开引流", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,50岁。糖尿病肾病伴高血压,BP 170/100mmHg,心率54次/分,血肌酐158μmol/L。最适宜的治疗药物组合是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氨氯地平、缬沙坦", "B": "美托洛尔、维拉帕米", "C": "普萘洛尔、卡托普利", "D": "螺内酯、福辛普利"}, "answer": "氨氯地平、缬沙坦", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,女,1天。足月产,出生1分钟Apgar评分3分。查体:P 90次/分,R 30次/分,嗜睡,面色微绀,前囟饱满,心音低钝,四肢肌张力减低,拥抱反射消失。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎粪吸入综合征", "B": "新生儿低血糖", "C": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病", "D": "新生儿肺透明膜病"}, "answer": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.与B7家族分子结合,提供T细胞活化的辅助信号的CD分子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD3", "B": "CD4", "C": "CD8", "D": "CD28"}, "answer": "CD28", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,2岁,低热、盗汗、乏力半个月余,头痛,间断抽搐5天。查体:精神萎靡,颈强,克氏征阳性。胸片正常,OT试验(+++)。脑脊液:白细胞320×106/L,中性粒细胞占0.4,淋巴细胞占0.6,蛋白质(+)。诊断为结核性脑膜炎。2.该患儿应用泼尼松的总疗程是(  )。", "options": {"A": "4~8周", "B": "4~6周", "C": "6~8周", "D": "8~12周"}, "answer": "8~12周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "补体系统在激活后可以(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制变态反应", "B": "结合细胞毒性T细胞", "C": "启动抗体的类别转换", "D": "裂解细菌"}, "answer": "裂解细菌", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女孩,9岁。发热、头痛、呕吐2天,烦躁不安1天,于2月20日入院。查体:T 39.8℃,BP 130/80mmHg,神志清,精神差,全身散在瘀点、瘀斑,颈抵抗(+),Kernig征(+)。实验室检查:血WBC 20×109/L,N 0.90。脑脊液检查:压力240mmHg,外观浑浊,WBC 1200×109/L,蛋白1.5g/L,糖1.5mmol/L,氯化物100mmol/L。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "流行性乙型脑炎", "B": "钩端螺旋体病", "C": "结核性脑膜炎", "D": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎"}, "answer": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,50岁。1天来寒战高热(39.6℃),咳嗽时左胸痛,咳痰呈砖红色胶冻状、量多。查体轻度发绀,BP 10.7/6.7kPa(80/50mmHg),左肺叩浊,呼吸音低,X线胸片左肺呈多发性蜂窝状阴影。最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎球菌肺炎,休克型", "B": "葡萄球菌肺炎", "C": "厌氧菌肺炎", "D": "克雷伯杆菌肺炎"}, "answer": "克雷伯杆菌肺炎", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿腹泻饮食疗法,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脱水患儿需禁食2天", "B": "严重呕吐者暂禁食", "C": "人工喂养者暂禁食4~6小时", "D": "病毒性肠炎改豆制代乳品"}, "answer": "脱水患儿需禁食2天", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.符合Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭的动脉血气标准是(  )。", "options": {"A": "PaO2为70mmHg,PaCO2为45mmHg", "B": "PaO2为55mmHg,PaCO2为50mmHg", "C": "PaO2为50mmHg,PaCO2为40mmHg", "D": "PaO2为65mmHg,PaCO2为40mmHg"}, "answer": "PaO2为50mmHg,PaCO2为40mmHg", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "帕金森病的主要发病原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "黑质-纹状体-多巴胺通路受损", "B": "纹状体受损", "C": "丘脑底核受损", "D": "大脑皮层运动区受损"}, "answer": "黑质-纹状体-多巴胺通路受损", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.花粉可(  )。", "options": {"A": "引起Ⅰ型超敏反应", "B": "引起Ⅱ型超敏反应", "C": "引起Ⅲ型超敏反应", "D": "是Ⅰ型超敏反应的介质"}, "answer": "引起Ⅰ型超敏反应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "根据《母婴保健法》的规定,可以申请医学技术鉴定的包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "对孕产期保健服务有异议的", "B": "对婚前医学检查结果有异议的", "C": "对婚前卫生咨询有异议的", "D": "对医学指导意见有异议的"}, "answer": "对婚前医学检查结果有异议的", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.糖皮质激素不能用于治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾病综合征", "B": "霉菌性口炎", "C": "肾上腺皮质次全切除后", "D": "慢性肾炎"}, "answer": "霉菌性口炎", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.上述哪项能促进初始CD4+T细胞分化为CD4+Th细胞(  )。", "options": {"A": "IL-4", "B": "IL-7", "C": "IL-8", "D": "IL-12"}, "answer": "IL-12", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,62岁。间隔咳嗽、咳痰10余年,喘息5年,加重3天入院。吸烟41年,30支/日,已戒5年。查体:烦躁,球结膜充血、水肿,口唇发绀。桶状胸,双肺呼吸音低,右下肺可闻及少许湿性啰音,肝肋下5cm,肝颈静脉回流征(+),双下肢水肿。血K+ 4.5mmol/L。Na+ 129mmol/L,Cl- 90mmol/L。1.若该患者出现意识障碍,最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "感染中毒性脑病", "B": "肝性脑病", "C": "肺性脑病", "D": "低钠血症"}, "answer": "肺性脑病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "最易形成潜伏感染的病毒是(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹病毒", "B": "狂犬病毒", "C": "脊髓灰质炎病毒", "D": "水痘-带状疱疹病毒"}, "answer": "水痘-带状疱疹病毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.支配心脏的交感神经释放的递质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "去甲肾上腺素", "B": "多巴胺", "C": "γ-氨基丁酸", "D": "乙酰胆碱"}, "answer": "去甲肾上腺素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "血浆蛋白的主要功能不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "参与机体的免疫", "B": "运输物质", "C": "参与生理止血", "D": "维持血浆晶体渗透压"}, "answer": "维持血浆晶体渗透压", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "细胞浆内出现大小不等,圆形均质红染物质的病变,该病变出现于(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤维瘢痕组织", "B": "原发性高血压细动脉", "C": "动脉粥样硬化的纤维斑块", "D": "慢性肾小球肾炎时肾小管"}, "answer": "慢性肾小球肾炎时肾小管", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.硫化氢中毒的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "该气体与细胞色素氧化酶中三价铁和谷胱苷肽结合,抑制细胞呼吸酶", "B": "该气体与氧化型细胞色素氧化酶中的二价铁结合,引起细胞内窒息", "C": "使血氧饱和度增加,组织不能利用氧", "D": "影响血液中氧的释放和传递,导致低氧血症和组织缺氧"}, "answer": "该气体与细胞色素氧化酶中三价铁和谷胱苷肽结合,抑制细胞呼吸酶", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "单纯型肾病综合征的首选药物为(  )。", "options": {"A": "左旋咪唑", "B": "肾上腺皮质激素", "C": "环磷酰胺", "D": "瘤可宁"}, "answer": "肾上腺皮质激素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "连某因患严重躁狂抑郁障碍,正在精神病专科医院住院治疗。因病情恶化,患者出现伤人毁物等行为,医院在没有其他可替代措施的情况下,对其实施了约束身体的措施,但实施后没有及时通知连某的监护人。连某的父亲作为监护人探视时,看到儿子被捆绑在病床上非常气愤。3.该案例中所形成的医患关系模式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动-被动型", "B": "契约许可型", "C": "指导参与型", "D": "共同参与型"}, "answer": "主动-被动型", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.水冲脉(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉导管未闭", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "法洛四联征", "D": "房间隔缺损"}, "answer": "动脉导管未闭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "描述酮体不当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "只能在肝的线粒体内生成", "B": "合成原料是丙酮酸氧化生成的乙酰CoA", "C": "酮体是肝输出能量的一种形式", "D": "酮体包括乙酰乙酸、β–羟丁酸和丙酮"}, "answer": "合成原料是丙酮酸氧化生成的乙酰CoA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.主张人格的形成主要取决于后天的生活环境(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分析理论", "B": "人本主义理论", "C": "社会学习理论", "D": "行为主义理论"}, "answer": "行为主义理论", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.Mirizzi综合征常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性胰腺炎", "B": "急性胆囊炎", "C": "急性胆管炎", "D": "胆管结石"}, "answer": "胆管结石", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿贫血时常见的临床表现一般不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝、脾、淋巴结增大", "B": "呼吸增快", "C": "心率增加", "D": "尿蛋白阳性"}, "answer": "尿蛋白阳性", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,35岁。近1年来经常吸食“冰毒”。1个月前因工作差错被老板训斥,开始怀疑自己的一举一动被人监控,单位同事含沙射影暗示他将被老板谋害,曾数次报案请求公安局保护。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "妄想性障碍", "C": "应激相关障碍", "D": "苯丙胺类兴奋剂所致精神障碍"}, "answer": "苯丙胺类兴奋剂所致精神障碍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列属于输注血小板禁忌证的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓造血功能衰竭", "B": "血小板功能障碍", "C": "血栓性血小板减少性紫癜", "D": "大量输血所致的稀释性血小板减少"}, "answer": "血栓性血小板减少性紫癜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "衰老红细胞难以通过微小血管和孔隙的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "渗透脆性增加", "B": "细胞体积增大", "C": "悬浮稳定性下降", "D": "变形能力减退"}, "answer": "变形能力减退", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某人的红细胞与B型血的血清不凝集,其血清与B型血的红细胞也不凝集,其血型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "O型", "B": "B型", "C": "AB型", "D": "Rh型"}, "answer": "B型", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.Tc具有的功能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对TI抗原应答", "B": "ADCC", "C": "主要分泌细胞因子作用", "D": "特异杀伤肿瘤细胞"}, "answer": "特异杀伤肿瘤细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3岁患儿,曾多次患肺炎,平时无发绀。查体:心前区隆起,心尖搏动弥散,胸骨左缘第2肋间闻Ⅲ级粗糙的连续性机器样杂音,向颈部传导,有震颤,有水冲脉。2.血流动力学改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体循环血流量增加", "B": "肺循环血流量增加", "C": "肺循环血流量减少", "D": "左心室舒张期容量减少"}, "answer": "肺循环血流量增加", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.肺动脉狭窄X线检查可见(  )。", "options": {"A": "右房、右室大", "B": "左房、左室大", "C": "左、右室大、左房也大", "D": "右室大"}, "answer": "右室大", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "反Colles骨折(Smith骨折)的典型移位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "远侧端向掌侧桡侧移位", "B": "远侧端向掌侧尺侧移位", "C": "近侧端向掌侧桡侧移位", "D": "近侧端旋转移位"}, "answer": "远侧端向掌侧桡侧移位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "45岁男性,车祸3小时。入院诊断:骨盆骨折、左股骨干骨折及左胫骨开放性骨折。首先应密切观察的是哪种并发症?(  )", "options": {"A": "休克", "B": "泌尿系统感染", "C": "疼痛", "D": "坠积性肺炎"}, "answer": "休克", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)主要发病机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓巨核细胞生成减少", "B": "骨髓巨核细胞成熟障碍", "C": "雌激素抑制血小板生成", "D": "有抗血小板抗体"}, "answer": "有抗血小板抗体", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "X线片上成人的椎体结核和椎体肿瘤的主要鉴别点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是否有死骨形成", "B": "椎体的破坏程度", "C": "椎旁软组织阴影", "D": "椎间隙是否狭窄或消失"}, "answer": "椎间隙是否狭窄或消失", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肺循环血量增多,并伴左心房、左心室血量增多的先天性生心脏病应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性房间隔缺损", "B": "动脉导管未闭", "C": "室间隔缺损", "D": "法洛四联症"}, "answer": "动脉导管未闭", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于肾小管HCO3-重吸收的叙述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主要在近端小管重吸收", "B": "HCO3-是以CO2扩散的形式重吸收", "C": "HCO3-重吸收需碳酸酐酶的帮助", "D": "Cl-的重吸收优先于HCO3-的重吸收"}, "answer": "Cl-的重吸收优先于HCO3-的重吸收", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5.医疗卫生机构应当对传染病病人密切接触者采取(  )。", "options": {"A": "提供医疗救护和现场救援", "B": "应当按照规定将病人及其病历记录的复印件转送至接诊的或者指定的医疗机构", "C": "医学观察措施", "D": "应当依法报告所在地的疾病预防控制机构"}, "answer": "医学观察措施", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "继发性腹膜炎最常见的致病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "厌氧菌", "B": "肺炎链球菌", "C": "溶血性链球菌", "D": "大肠杆菌"}, "answer": "大肠杆菌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.30岁初孕妇,妊娠37周,患重度妊娠高血压综合征,突然出现阴道流血伴下腹痛,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫破裂", "B": "胎盘早剥", "C": "先兆子宫破裂", "D": "羊水过多"}, "answer": "胎盘早剥", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于缺氧缺血性脑病,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多发生于窒息的足月儿", "B": "症状多出现在生后3天内", "C": "病变如在两侧大脑半球其特点是惊厥持久,无脑水肿表现", "D": "是儿童神经系统伤残的常见原因之一"}, "answer": "病变如在两侧大脑半球其特点是惊厥持久,无脑水肿表现", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医师在执业活动中除正当治疗外,不得使用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有禁忌证的药品", "B": "保健药品", "C": "副作用大的药品", "D": "麻醉药品"}, "answer": "麻醉药品", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症时血清甲状腺素水平为(  )。", "options": {"A": "T3↓、T4↓、TSH↓", "B": "T3↓、T4↑、TSH↓", "C": "T3↓、T4↓、TSH↑", "D": "T3↑、T4↓、TSH↓"}, "answer": "T3↓、T4↓、TSH↑", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.自身免疫性胃炎的胃酸分泌(  )。", "options": {"A": "缺乏", "B": "正常或减少", "C": "明显增加", "D": "没有变化"}, "answer": "缺乏", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,35岁。10天前淋雨后出现发热,按“感冒”治疗效果不佳。1天前突发寒战、右上腹痛。查体:T 39℃,BP 120/80mmHg。双肺未闻及干湿性啰音,心律齐。肝肋下可触及,压痛明显,右腋前线第8肋间有叩痛。为明确诊断,应首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝功能", "B": "肝炎病毒标志物检测", "C": "腹部B超", "D": "血甲胎蛋白"}, "answer": "腹部B超", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有助于患者记忆的信息沟通方式,不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "规范使用医学缩略术语", "B": "重要医嘱首先提出", "C": "语言表达通俗易懂", "D": "归纳总结医嘱内容"}, "answer": "规范使用医学缩略术语", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列属于反式作用因子的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "增强子", "B": "操作序列", "C": "启动子", "D": "转录因子"}, "answer": "转录因子", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某医疗机构在成立的时候,相关人员到卫生行政部门进行医疗机构进行了执业登记,登记的主要事项不应该包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "名称、地址", "B": "主要负责人", "C": "管理机构设置", "D": "注册资金"}, "answer": "管理机构设置", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列不属于内分泌腺体功能减退常见原因的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "增生", "B": "感染", "C": "药物", "D": "遗传"}, "answer": "增生", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心电图示左室肥厚,提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "肺动脉狭窄", "D": "艾森曼格综合征"}, "answer": "室间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪项是预防甲亢术后甲状腺危象的关键?(  )", "options": {"A": "术后加强护理", "B": "术后应用镇静剂", "C": "防止术中损伤,操作粗暴", "D": "术前使基础代谢率降至正常"}, "answer": "术前使基础代谢率降至正常", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在影响解决问题的心理因素中不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "迁移", "B": "知觉特点的影响", "C": "气质的影响", "D": "定势的影响"}, "answer": "气质的影响", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某乡卫生院医生甲为一阑尾炎病人施行手术,将结肠误切断,因乡卫生院条件差,草草缝合后,叫来救护车送县医院处理。因延误了时机,县医院医生乙在助手配合下,也没处理好,最终造成永久造瘘,该结果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医生乙的医疗差错", "B": "医生甲的医疗事故", "C": "医生甲的医疗差错", "D": "医生甲、乙的共同责任"}, "answer": "医生甲的医疗事故", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "因治疗不当,影响骨折正常愈合过程的因素以下哪项不对?(  )", "options": {"A": "反复多次的手法复位", "B": "复位不满意,对线差", "C": "固定不确实", "D": "持续骨牵引,牵引力过大"}, "answer": "复位不满意,对线差", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,62岁,尿频,尿急,尿痛1天,尿中可见血丝,伴排尿时下腹痛,无发热,不需要做以下哪项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "尿细菌培养+药物敏感试验", "B": "静脉尿路造影", "C": "膀胱镜检查", "D": "尿常规检查"}, "answer": "膀胱镜检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1型糖尿病与2型糖尿病的主要区别在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "发病年龄不同", "B": "胰岛素基础水平与释放曲线不同", "C": "发生酮症酸中毒的倾向不同", "D": "是否存在胰岛素抵抗"}, "answer": "胰岛素基础水平与释放曲线不同", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "据报道,现在有些医院已采取了一些隔离措施,使体格检查置于一个相对封闭的环境中,以免受检病人曝光于众人面前。更确切地说,这些措施反映了医院和医生的哪种意识?(  )", "options": {"A": "管理意识", "B": "服务意识", "C": "保护病人隐私意识", "D": "有利于病人的意识"}, "answer": "保护病人隐私意识", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "化脓性脑膜炎和结核性脑膜炎的主要区别为(  )。", "options": {"A": "OT试验", "B": "病史", "C": "周围血象变化", "D": "脑脊液检查"}, "answer": "脑脊液检查", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,66岁,既往无心肌梗死病史,情绪激动后突发胸闷、气短,伴大汗和呕吐。2小时后达急诊室,测血压170/105mmHg。心率108次/min,心电图V1~V4导联ST段抬高,入院即刻采血,肌钙蛋白测定阴性。患者既往高血压病史10年,糖尿病病史8年。1.患者的主要诊断应该是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压危象", "B": "急性左心衰竭", "C": "急性心肌梗死", "D": "急性主动脉夹层"}, "answer": "急性心肌梗死", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1岁小儿结核菌素试验阳性,可以推测患儿(  )。", "options": {"A": "近2~3周感染结核", "B": "体内已经有免疫力,不会再感染结核", "C": "体内有活动结核", "D": "对结核无免疫力,需立即接种卡介苗"}, "answer": "体内有活动结核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "测定基础代谢率时不要求(  )。", "options": {"A": "清醒、静卧", "B": "熟睡", "C": "无精神紧张", "D": "至少禁食12小时"}, "answer": "熟睡", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下面关于社会主义市场经济对医学实践活动影响的表述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "只有正面作用,没有负面作用", "B": "只有负面作用,没有正面作用", "C": "既有正面作用,也有负面影响", "D": "使医疗活动成为了纯商业活动"}, "answer": "既有正面作用,也有负面影响", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,21岁,右利,突然癫痫发作并伴头痛、呕吐、颈项强直、低热、命名性失语。7.可能的定性诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅内动静脉畸形", "B": "脑瘤", "C": "脑脓肿", "D": "脑积水"}, "answer": "颅内动静脉畸形", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,75岁,既往无高血压史,因感冒发现血压为180/80mmHg。3天后复查血压为165/86mmHg,超声心动图正常,肝肾功能正常。3.若选用降压药物,下列哪种为最佳?(  )", "options": {"A": "美托洛尔", "B": "氨氯地平", "C": "卡托普利", "D": "氢氯噻嗪"}, "answer": "氨氯地平", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以下哪项不出现Auer小体?(  )", "options": {"A": "M2型白血病", "B": "M3型白血病", "C": "急性淋巴细胞白血病", "D": "急性单核细胞白血病"}, "answer": "急性淋巴细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "甲状腺激素是由哪种细胞分泌的?(  )", "options": {"A": "甲状腺胶质细胞", "B": "甲状腺腺泡细胞", "C": "甲状旁腺细胞、", "D": "甲状腺腺泡旁细胞"}, "answer": "甲状腺腺泡细胞", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "参加胆固醇酯化成胆固醇酯过程的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "LCAT", "B": "LDH", "C": "LPL", "D": "HMG-CoA还原酶"}, "answer": "LCAT", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,50岁。近3月在无明显诱因下突然发生右侧上肢乏力5次,每次发作持续时间3分钟到2小时不等。体检无神经系统局灶性定位体征。预防发作的最佳药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯噻啶", "B": "肠溶阿司匹林", "C": "维生素E", "D": "洛伐他汀"}, "answer": "肠溶阿司匹林", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在判断甲状腺结节良恶性时,下列不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "囊性结节也可能是恶性的", "B": "“冷结节”都是恶性的", "C": "实性结节的恶性率较高", "D": "儿童单发结节的恶性机会较大"}, "answer": "“冷结节”都是恶性的", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.重症肌无力眼肌型的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "眼裂正常,瞳孔扩大,直接对光反射迟钝", "B": "眼裂变小,瞳孔缩小,直接对光反射正常", "C": "眼裂变小,瞳孔正常,直接对光反射正常", "D": "眼裂变小,瞳孔扩大,直接对光反射消失"}, "answer": "眼裂变小,瞳孔正常,直接对光反射正常", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,8岁,畏寒、高热、头痛、呕吐8h于3月2日急诊来院。查体:体温40.2 ℃,皮肤见散在瘀点、瘀斑,外周血白细胞32.5×109/L,中性粒细胞0.91,淋巴细胞0.09。初步诊断为流行性脑脊髓膜炎。1.为明确诊断,临床常用且阳性率较高的检验方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "特异性抗原检测", "B": "血培养", "C": "脑脊液培养", "D": "刺破皮肤瘀点取组织液涂片检菌"}, "answer": "刺破皮肤瘀点取组织液涂片检菌", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "24岁初孕妇,既往有风湿性心脏病病史,现妊娠40天,出现胸闷气短,轻微体力活动就感呼吸困难,最恰当的治疗措施应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "控制心力衰竭后继续妊娠", "B": "立即行负压吸宫术终止妊娠", "C": "控制心力衰竭后行负压吸宫术", "D": "控制心力衰竭后行钳刮术"}, "answer": "控制心力衰竭后行负压吸宫术", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "《医院感染管理规范》规定,抽出的药液、开启的静脉输入用无菌液体,超过一定时间后不得使用,该时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "超过0.5小时", "B": "超过1.0小时", "C": "超过1.5小时", "D": "超过2.0小时"}, "answer": "超过2.0小时", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.腺垂体分泌的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ADH", "B": "PRL", "C": "GnRH", "D": "CRH"}, "answer": "PRL", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.急性化脓性阑尾炎属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "浆液性炎症", "B": "纤维素性炎症", "C": "蜂窝织炎症", "D": "化脓性炎症"}, "answer": "蜂窝织炎症", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是降钙素的主要靶器官?(  )", "options": {"A": "甲状旁腺", "B": "肾脏", "C": "骨", "D": "腺垂体"}, "answer": "骨", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是兼有镇静、催眠、抗惊厥、抗癫痫作用的药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "水合氯醛", "B": "苯巴比妥", "C": "扑米酮", "D": "司可巴比妥"}, "answer": "苯巴比妥", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗佝偻病激期维生素D口服法剂量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1万~2万IU/d ", "B": "3万~4万IU/d", "C": "1万~2万IU/d", "D": "2万~3万1U/d"}, "answer": "1万~2万IU/d ", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.决定抗原特异性(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗原决定簇", "B": "胸腺依赖性抗原", "C": "完全抗原", "D": "共同抗原"}, "answer": "抗原决定簇", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,18岁。双下肢及颜面水肿1周。实验室检查:尿蛋白12.2g/d,RBC 0~2/高倍视野,血ALB 18g/L,Cr 79μmol/L,ANA(-),乙型肝炎病毒标志物均(-)。1.该患者最可能\n的肾脏病理类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎", "B": "膜增生性肾小球肾炎", "C": "膜性肾病", "D": "微小病变型肾病"}, "answer": "微小病变型肾病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "骨折的专有体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨摩擦音", "B": "局部肿胀", "C": "功能障碍", "D": "血运不良"}, "answer": "骨摩擦音", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,59岁,因面部剧烈疼痛而来门诊求治。疼痛从右侧口角开始,放射至右外眦部,呈刀割样或撕裂样,爆发性,每次发作数秒钟,并常为说话、刷牙或咀嚼所触发。2.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上颌窦炎", "B": "普通型偏头痛", "C": "三叉神经痛", "D": "舌咽神经痛"}, "answer": "三叉神经痛", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.动脉瘤性动眼神经麻痹的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "眼裂正常,瞳孔扩大,直接对光反射迟钝", "B": "眼裂扩大,瞳孔缩小,直接对光反射正常", "C": "眼裂变小,瞳孔缩小,直接对光反射正常", "D": "眼裂变小,瞳孔扩大,直接对光反射消失"}, "answer": "眼裂变小,瞳孔扩大,直接对光反射消失", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于医务工作者崇高的职业道德境界,下列描述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "只体现在认识疾病的活动中", "B": "体现在认识疾病、治疗疾病的活动中", "C": "只体现在家庭生活中", "D": "与医学研究无关"}, "answer": "体现在认识疾病、治疗疾病的活动中", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列肿瘤是恶性肿瘤的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "畸胎瘤", "B": "错构瘤", "C": "精原细胞瘤", "D": "纤维腺瘤"}, "answer": "精原细胞瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不宜使用胰岛素的病人为(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖尿病合并心肌梗死", "B": "糖尿病合并肺结核", "C": "糖尿病患者过度肥胖", "D": "糖尿病患者手术前后"}, "answer": "糖尿病患者过度肥胖", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,36岁,近2个月头痛、头昏和走路不稳,易向左侧倾斜。查体:眼球向左注视时出现粗大震颤,左指鼻试验、跟膝胫试验不准,左手轮替运动差,误指试验偏向左侧。以下哪项为可能的病变部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "小脑蚓部", "B": "苍白球、黑质", "C": "左小脑半球", "D": "新纹状体"}, "answer": "左小脑半球", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.肾小球基底膜呈钉突状改变(  )。", "options": {"A": "膜性肾小球肾炎", "B": "新月体性肾小球肾炎", "C": "毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎", "D": "膜性增生性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "膜性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪项是死后组织自溶与生前组织坏死区别的主要依据?(  )", "options": {"A": "细胞核溶解消失情况", "B": "胞质结构崩解情况", "C": "胞内氧化酶丧失情况", "D": "病变周围有无炎症反应"}, "answer": "病变周围有无炎症反应", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "腹部外科中,预防性使用抗生素的最佳时间为(  )。", "options": {"A": "手术前2天开始", "B": "手术开始前1h", "C": "手术开始时", "D": "手术结束时"}, "answer": "手术开始前1h", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.羊水栓塞(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈、胸部创伤时,静脉破裂,空气进入", "B": "肺毛细血管内有角化上皮、胎毛、胎粪等", "C": "寄生虫阻塞肝内门静脉分支", "D": "长骨骨折,游离的脂滴进入破裂静脉"}, "answer": "肺毛细血管内有角化上皮、胎毛、胎粪等", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以下关于泌乳素瘤的描述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "仅见于女性,主要是嫌色细胞瘤", "B": "TRH兴奋试验有助于诊断泌乳素瘤", "C": "引起闭经、溢乳,无压迫症状", "D": "治疗的最佳药物为5-羟色胺抑制剂溴隐亭"}, "answer": "TRH兴奋试验有助于诊断泌乳素瘤", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肩周炎的临床特点为(  )。", "options": {"A": "活动时疼痛、功能受限", "B": "静息时疼痛、功能受限", "C": "静息时无痛、功能受限", "D": "活动时无痛、功能受限"}, "answer": "活动时疼痛、功能受限", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,50岁。晨起大便时突然出现剧烈头痛、恶心呕吐、低热及畏光症状,2小时后右侧上睑下垂,意识朦胧,急诊来院。3.确诊最有价值、最安全、快捷的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头颅B超", "B": "腰穿", "C": "颅脑CT扫描", "D": "TCD(经颅多普勒超声)"}, "answer": "颅脑CT扫描", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为压迫性与非压迫性脊髓病变最主要的鉴别依据?(  )", "options": {"A": "有无神经根痛", "B": "有无脊椎压痛、畸形和破坏", "C": "脑脊液蛋白是否增高", "D": "腰穿压颈试验是否通畅"}, "answer": "腰穿压颈试验是否通畅", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "符合过敏性紫癜的实验检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血小板减少", "B": "出血时间延长", "C": "血块收缩不良", "D": "毛细血管脆性试验可阳性"}, "answer": "毛细血管脆性试验可阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "我国规定1岁内必须完成的计划免疫是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡介苗", "B": "乙脑疫苗", "C": "流感疫苗", "D": "甲肝疫苗"}, "answer": "卡介苗", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不引起血管内溶血的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿", "B": "异常血红蛋白病", "C": "冷抗体型自身免疫性溶血性贫血", "D": "血型不合输血后溶血"}, "answer": "异常血红蛋白病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.属于技术事故的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "贻误诊治和抢救时机造成危害后果", "B": "因不熟练,手术中误伤大血管造成大出血死亡", "C": "发生难以预料的医疗后果", "D": "发生无法避免的医疗后果"}, "answer": "因不熟练,手术中误伤大血管造成大出血死亡", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "继发性腹膜炎最常见的病原菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "链球菌", "B": "葡萄球菌", "C": "变形杆菌", "D": "大肠杆菌"}, "answer": "大肠杆菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎病人出现颈项强直的病理基础是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅内压升高", "B": "颅神经受刺激", "C": "脊髓神经根受刺激", "D": "脑硬脊膜受刺激"}, "answer": "脊髓神经根受刺激", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "继发性腹膜炎最突出的腹痛特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "疼痛程度随时间变化", "B": "原发病灶处疼痛最显著", "C": "疼痛呈阵发性加剧", "D": "肛门排气、排便沿腹痛可缓解"}, "answer": "原发病灶处疼痛最显著", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列对血清的叙述正确的是血液(  )。", "options": {"A": "去除有形成分后的液体", "B": "去除有形成分和纤维蛋白原后的液体", "C": "发生血凝后的液体部分", "D": "加抗凝剂后离心所得的上清"}, "answer": "发生血凝后的液体部分", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.医疗法律关系(  )。", "options": {"A": "医生、患者各自的权利与义务", "B": "医务人员受患者的委托或其他原因,对患者实施诊断、治疗等医疗行为所形成的关系", "C": "医务人员疏忽大意违反卫生法律相关规定,给患者造成明显人身伤害", "D": "为避免患者的生命健康利益受到损害,医疗机构或医务人员自愿为患者提供医疗服务的行"}, "answer": "医务人员受患者的委托或其他原因,对患者实施诊断、治疗等医疗行为所形成的关系", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于精神疾病诊断标准的描述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内涵标准包括症状学指标、病情严重程度指标、功能损害指标、病期指标、特定亚型指征、病因学指标等", "B": "内涵标准中以病因学指标为最基本", "C": "是将不同疾病的症状表现按照不同的组合形式,以条理化形式列出的一种标准化的条目", "D": "诊断标准的制定是精神医学的一个重大进展"}, "answer": "内涵标准中以病因学指标为最基本", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "如临床表现高度疑似疟疾,但多次血及骨髓检查均未发现疟原虫。下列各项对诊断最有帮助的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "典型的周期性寒热发作", "B": "脾脏轻度肿大,伴不同程度贫血", "C": "氯喹诊断性治疗有效", "D": "近年来有疟疾发作史"}, "answer": "氯喹诊断性治疗有效", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "脑组织在正常情况下主要利用葡萄糖供能,只有在下列某种情况下脑组织主要利用酮体?(  )", "options": {"A": "空腹", "B": "剧烈运动", "C": "短期饥饿", "D": "长期饥饿"}, "answer": "长期饥饿", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医疗机构在医疗卫生技术工作中对非卫生技术人员(  )。", "options": {"A": "可以使用", "B": "尽量不用", "C": "不得使用", "D": "一些特殊科室可以使用"}, "answer": "不得使用", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "7岁小儿,眼睑水肿5天,血尿、少尿2天伴烦躁气促。查体:血压16/11kPa,双肺底可闻少许湿啰音,心率142次/分,肝肋下2cm。处理的重点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心痛定", "B": "地高辛", "C": "速尿", "D": "泼尼松"}, "answer": "速尿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "含有两个羧基的氨基酸是(  )。", "options": {"A": "酪氨酸", "B": "赖氨酸", "C": "谷氨酸", "D": "丝氨酸"}, "answer": "谷氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪种疾病与结肠癌关系最密切?(  )", "options": {"A": "家族性结肠息肉病", "B": "溃疡性结肠炎", "C": "血吸虫性肉芽肿", "D": "克罗恩病"}, "answer": "家族性结肠息肉病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医德评价中怎样认识传统习俗的作用,其中哪一项是错的(  )。", "options": {"A": "传统习俗具有稳定性、继承性及群众性的特征", "B": "传统习俗中消极落后比较多,不宜作为医德评价的方式", "C": "传统习俗中也有消极落后的部分,尊重传统又不把它神圣化", "D": "长期的医疗卫生工作中形成的一种习以为常的行为倾向、行为规范和社会风俗"}, "answer": "传统习俗中消极落后比较多,不宜作为医德评价的方式", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性患者40岁,既往患过病毒性肝炎,因车祸脾破裂手术,术中见脾肿大,为正常的2.5倍,肝稍大、表面不平、可见多个结节。镜检:此结节肝细胞核浆比例大于正常,可见双核,核仁明显,并见灶状凝固性坏死,部分肝小叶中央静脉偏在或缺如,假小叶间隔内见淋巴细胞浸润。此肝脏病变属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝硬化合并肝癌", "B": "肝硬化、肝细胞结节状再生", "C": "肝血吸虫病", "D": "肝包虫病"}, "answer": "肝硬化、肝细胞结节状再生", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "中毒型细菌性痢疾常发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "2~7岁体格健壮的小儿", "B": "8~10岁营养状况较差的儿童", "C": "3~6个月体格健壮的婴幼儿", "D": "12~14岁青春期儿童"}, "answer": "2~7岁体格健壮的小儿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.新生儿败血症并发化脓性脑膜炎的表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "黄疸、肝脾增大、出血倾向、休克等", "B": "面色苍灰、皮肤发花、血压下降、少尿或无尿等", "C": "皮肤黏膜淤点淤斑、针眼渗血不止、消化道出血、肺出血等", "D": "惊厥、昏迷、前囟紧张等"}, "answer": "惊厥、昏迷、前囟紧张等", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,30岁,头部外伤6h,伤后有一过性意识障碍,3h后再次出现昏迷。检查左颞部头皮血肿,左瞳孔散大。CT扫描显示左侧颞叶硬膜外血肿。1.颅内出血的来源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大脑前动脉", "B": "脑膜中动脉", "C": "颞浅动脉", "D": "枕动脉"}, "answer": "脑膜中动脉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5.病原菌经局部血、无严重症状称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "败血症", "B": "毒血症", "C": "内毒素血症", "D": "菌血症"}, "answer": "菌血症", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "迁延性肺炎的病程为(  )。", "options": {"A": "2周以上", "B": "2周~2个月", "C": "1~3个月", "D": "1~2个月"}, "answer": "1~3个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "非特异投射系统(  )。", "options": {"A": "由丘脑感觉接替核弥散向大脑皮层投射", "B": "向大脑皮层投射的区域狭窄,引起特定感觉", "C": "刺激后,动物脑电图呈同步化慢波", "D": "破坏后,动物进入持久的昏睡状态"}, "answer": "破坏后,动物进入持久的昏睡状态", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,50岁。晨起大便时突然出现剧烈头痛、恶心呕吐、低热及畏光症状,2小时后右侧上睑下垂,意识朦胧,急诊来院。1.采集病史时应特别注意询问(  )。", "options": {"A": "头痛的部位", "B": "家人有无类似发作", "C": "有无高血压、动脉硬化史", "D": "有无全身慢性感染病灶"}, "answer": "有无高血压、动脉硬化史", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.NK具有的功能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对TI抗原应答", "B": "ADCC", "C": "对TD抗原应答", "D": "主要分泌细胞因子作用"}, "answer": "ADCC", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,30岁,1天前饮用大量酒后出现上腹痛,呕吐,吐后疼痛不减轻,加重伴腹胀3h,血淀粉酶650U/L(somogyi),血压80/60mmHg,脉搏120次/分,脐周围及两肋腹部皮肤青紫,最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性重症胰腺炎", "B": "急性胃炎", "C": "急性肝炎", "D": "肠梗阻"}, "answer": "急性重症胰腺炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,50岁。无明显诱因出现左肩、上臂、前臂外侧放射痛3个月,既往体健。查体:T 36.6℃,P 82次/分,BP 110/60mmHg,双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心律齐,未闻及杂音,腹软,无压痛,未触及包块,肩关节活动正常,上肢感觉及肌力均正常。Eaton试验和Spurling试验阳性。首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "冈上肌腱炎", "B": "肩袖损伤", "C": "神经根型颈椎病", "D": "粘连性肩关节囊炎"}, "answer": "神经根型颈椎病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.膝关节检查(  )。", "options": {"A": "Lindner试验", "B": "Dugas征", "C": "PivotShifttEst", "D": "Gaenslen征"}, "answer": "PivotShifttEst", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,15岁。因发热、乏力、刷牙时牙龈出血1周入院。查体:T 38.5℃,牙龈肿胀,胸骨压痛(+),双下肢小腿出现散在出血点及瘀斑。血常规:Hb 80g/L,WBC 10.1×109/L,PLT 30×109/L;骨髓增生极度活跃,原始细胞占0.60,POX染色呈弱阳性,非特异性酯酶染色阳性,可被NaF抑制,该患者原始细胞最可能的免疫表型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD14+", "B": "CD41+", "C": "CD8+", "D": "CD4+"}, "answer": "CD14+", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项符合新生儿出生时的血红蛋白量?(  )", "options": {"A": "110~120g/L", "B": "120~140g/L", "C": "140~180g/L", "D": "150~220g/L"}, "answer": "150~220g/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,40岁,1年前被提拔到单位领导岗位,近半年感到工作效率下降,工作时脑力特别容易疲乏,休息时又不能松弛下来。晚上睡觉时脑子里过电影似的想着白天的事情,每天2~3个小时才能入睡,梦多,醒后不解乏。每天中午和同事打球时感到心情很放松,回到工作岗位又陷入烦恼中。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经衰弱", "B": "焦虑症", "C": "失眠症", "D": "抑郁症"}, "answer": "神经衰弱", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.生理性贫血的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞生成素减少", "B": "先天储铁不足", "C": "铁摄入量不足", "D": "DNA合成不足"}, "answer": "红细胞生成素减少", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "腹部损伤行腹腔穿刺抽得不凝血液,应考虑诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "实质脏器破裂", "B": "后腹膜血肿", "C": "误穿入腹腔血管", "D": "前腹壁血肿"}, "answer": "实质脏器破裂", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,20岁,l型糖尿病,两天来出现恶心、面潮红、呼吸深快,渐发生神志模糊以致昏迷,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿毒症酸中毒", "B": "乳酸性酸中毒", "C": "糖尿病酮症酸中毒", "D": "糖尿病高渗昏迷"}, "answer": "糖尿病酮症酸中毒", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项有可能发生新生儿溶血症?(  )", "options": {"A": "Rh-母亲首次妊娠,血型为Rh+的新生儿", "B": "Rh+母亲首次妊娠,血型为Rh+的新生儿", "C": "Rh-母亲再次妊娠,血型为Rh+的新生儿", "D": "Rh-母亲再次妊娠,血型为Rh-的新生儿"}, "answer": "Rh-母亲再次妊娠,血型为Rh+的新生儿", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "血栓闭塞性脉管炎诊断要点中不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "患肢足背动脉搏动减弱或消失", "B": "多合并有高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病", "C": "多为有吸烟嗜好的青壮年男性", "D": "患肢有不同程度的缺血性症状"}, "answer": "多合并有高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,50岁。左胸闷气2月,胸痛20天,夜间重,查体:颜面及颈部、胸壁略肿胀,胸壁静脉曲张,腋下有一拇指大小的淋巴结,无压痛,活动尚好,心率108次/分,律整,左肺呼吸音消失。2.为明确诊断需要哪项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "胸部CT", "B": "心电图、心功能检查", "C": "腋下淋巴结病理检查", "D": "胸腔积液抗酸杆菌涂片"}, "answer": "腋下淋巴结病理检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列不属于医学心理学的研究方法有(  )。", "options": {"A": "实验法", "B": "调查法", "C": "临床法", "D": "量表法"}, "answer": "临床法", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "慢性肾衰竭患者常出现的电解质紊乱是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高磷血症,低钙血症", "B": "低钙血症,低钙血症", "C": "低磷血症,高钙血症", "D": "低磷血症,高钾血症"}, "answer": "高磷血症,低钙血症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "足月儿,第l胎。生后2天黄疸明显,肝脾略肿大。血总胆红素255μmol/L(15mg/dl),1分钟胆红素2μmol/L,血型A,Rh,CcDee,直接抗人球蛋白试验弱阳性,母血型O,Rh,CcDEe。5.若患儿血清胆红素超过342μmol/L(20mg/dl),考虑换血,下列血源何者最理想?(  )", "options": {"A": "O型血", "B": "A型血", "C": "O型血、RhCcDEe", "D": "AB型血浆、O型红细胞"}, "answer": "AB型血浆、O型红细胞", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "人类基底神经节对运动功能的调节不包括下列哪一结构(  )。", "options": {"A": "纹状体", "B": "丘脑底核", "C": "黑质", "D": "杏仁核"}, "answer": "杏仁核", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心脏充盈受限最常见于下列哪种心肌病?(  )", "options": {"A": "肥厚型心肌病", "B": "限制型心肌病", "C": "克山病", "D": "见于所有心肌病"}, "answer": "限制型心肌病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.分泌IL-2,γ-IFN的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "Tc", "B": "Th", "C": "Thl", "D": "Th2"}, "answer": "Thl", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "合成血红素的原料是琥珀酰CoA和(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙氨酸", "B": "天冬氨酸", "C": "天冬酰胺", "D": "甘氨酸"}, "answer": "甘氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于膝关节骨关节炎的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "负重较少", "B": "晚期可出现关节畸形", "C": "膝内翻时可行软组织松解", "D": "主要病变是关节滑膜的退行性变"}, "answer": "晚期可出现关节畸形", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.治疗急性心肌梗死引起的室性心动过速首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尼莫地平", "B": "硝苯地平", "C": "维拉帕米", "D": "利多卡因"}, "answer": "利多卡因", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "《传染病防治法》规定,传染病暴发、流行时,当地政府应当(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即组织力量进行防治,切断传染病的传播途径", "B": "限制或者停止集市、集会", "C": "停业、停工、停课", "D": "临时征用房屋、交通工具"}, "answer": "立即组织力量进行防治,切断传染病的传播途径", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "烧伤抗休克期的补液量应根据下列各项计算,但要除外(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅰ度烧伤面积", "B": "Ⅱ度烧伤面积", "C": "Ⅲ度烧伤面积", "D": "一个常数"}, "answer": "Ⅰ度烧伤面积", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,28岁,成都郊区农民。5天来畏寒、发热,1天来头痛,呕吐,8月12日入院。查:体温39~41℃,伴乏力,全身肌肉酸痛,球结膜充血,颈有抵抗。血WBC12×109/L,尿蛋白(++)。2.最主要的传染源为(  )。", "options": {"A": "猪", "B": "野鼠", "C": "犬类", "D": "牛"}, "answer": "野鼠", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "早期胃癌的概念是(  )。", "options": {"A": "只限于黏膜层", "B": "肿块直径在2cm以下", "C": "未侵袭肌层", "D": "无淋巴结转移"}, "answer": "未侵袭肌层", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,38岁。进行性贫血、消瘦、乏力半年,有时右腹隐痛,无腹泻。查体:右中腹部扪及肿块,肠鸣音活跃。1.下列各项检查可明确诊断的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结肠镜", "B": "CEA", "C": "CT", "D": "全消化道钡餐"}, "answer": "结肠镜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.含单链环状DNA,感染细菌后,可形成过渡阶段的双链环状复制型DNA(  )。", "options": {"A": "DNA", "B": "装配型质粒", "C": "M13-DNA", "D": "穿梭质粒"}, "answer": "M13-DNA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿重型腹泻最易发生的酸碱平衡紊乱是(  )。", "options": {"A": "代谢性酸中毒", "B": "代谢性碱中毒", "C": "呼吸性碱中毒", "D": "代谢性酸中毒合并呼吸性酸中毒"}, "answer": "代谢性酸中毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "初产妇于临产后检查:胎头跨耻征阳性。此时不可能出现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎位异常", "B": "胎膜早破", "C": "胎头衔接", "D": "子宫收缩力异常"}, "answer": "胎头衔接", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项宜用于治疗严重房室传导阻滞?(  )", "options": {"A": "去甲肾上腺素", "B": "肾上腺素", "C": "异丙肾上腺素", "D": "阿托品"}, "answer": "异丙肾上腺素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性垂体泌乳素瘤的典型临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "持续泌乳及头痛", "B": "月经稀发", "C": "闭经泌乳", "D": "体重增加并糖耐量减低"}, "answer": "闭经泌乳", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于白喉棒状杆菌,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "在亚碲酸钾血琼脂平板上生成黑色菌落", "B": "白喉毒素的产生与前噬菌体有关", "C": "调查人群对白喉有无免疫力可进行锡克试验", "D": "白喉的特异性治疗应早期足量使用类毒素"}, "answer": "白喉的特异性治疗应早期足量使用类毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,2岁,低热、盗汗、乏力半个月余,头痛,间断抽搐5天。查体:精神萎靡,颈强,克氏征阳性。胸片正常,OT试验(+++)。脑脊液:白细胞320×106/L,中性粒细胞占0.4,淋巴细胞占0.6,蛋白质(+)。诊断为结核性脑膜炎。1.该患儿强化治疗应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "异烟肼+利福平+链霉素+泼尼松", "B": "异烟肼+利福平+吡嗪酰胺+泼尼松", "C": "异烟肼+链霉素+吡嗪酰胺+泼尼松", "D": "异烟肼+利福平+链霉素+吡嗪酰胺+泼尼松"}, "answer": "异烟肼+利福平+链霉素+吡嗪酰胺+泼尼松", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,75岁,摔倒后右髋部着地,起身行走后感觉右髋关节处疼痛,入院后体检:测右侧踝关节到同侧大转子问的距离较左下肢短缩。右下肢轻度外旋,右髋关节处无明显肿胀畸形,右下肢纵向叩击痛明显。2.有助于诊断经济而方便的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线片检查", "B": "MRI检查", "C": "核素扫描", "D": "CT检查"}, "answer": "X线片检查", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.男孩,6岁,发热伴皮疹2天,查体:咽部充血,双扁桃体Ⅱ度肿大,可见脓性分泌物,杨梅舌,全身红色鸡皮样疹,疹间皮肤潮红,双颌下各可触及一个1.0cm×0.5cm大小的淋巴结,有触痛,诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹", "B": "川崎病", "C": "水痘", "D": "猩红热"}, "answer": "猩红热", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "控制癫痫发作最有效的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙戊酸钠", "B": "卡马西平", "C": "苯巴比妥", "D": "硝西泮"}, "answer": "卡马西平", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "腹股沟管深环的体表投影位于腹股沟韧带中点(  )。", "options": {"A": "下方3cm", "B": "上方3cm", "C": "上方1cm", "D": "上方2cm"}, "answer": "上方2cm", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.同一种动物遗传结构不同个体之间的移植称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "同种同基因移植", "B": "同种异基因移植", "C": "异种移植", "D": "骨髓移植"}, "answer": "同种异基因移植", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "腹部外伤伴有内出血休克,最有价值的处理原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "补充液体", "B": "给予镇定剂", "C": "使用血管活性物质", "D": "及时手术探查"}, "answer": "及时手术探查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项不是Ⅰ型超敏反应的特点(  )。", "options": {"A": "发生在接触抗原后24h以后", "B": "发生在接触抗原后24h之内", "C": "可逆性反应", "D": "与遗传有关"}, "answer": "发生在接触抗原后24h以后", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女婴,3个月。高热,频繁呕吐3天,嗜睡。查体:双眼凝视,反应差,脐部见少量脓性分泌物,前囟膨隆,心肺正常,脑膜刺激征(+)。1.该患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅内出血", "B": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病", "C": "化脓性脑膜炎", "D": "低钙惊厥"}, "answer": "化脓性脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列各种组合中正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性淋巴细胞白血病——绿色瘤", "B": "急性髓性白血病——脑膜白血病", "C": "急性早幼粒细胞白血病——弥散性血管内凝血", "D": "慢性粒细胞白血病——免疫功能异常"}, "answer": "急性早幼粒细胞白血病——弥散性血管内凝血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "生长激素瘤多发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺垂体", "B": "下丘脑", "C": "脑膜", "D": "脑室"}, "answer": "腺垂体", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,75岁。陈旧性广泛前壁心肌梗死6年,活动后胸闷、心悸、气短3年,近2周出现夜间阵发性呼吸困难。体检:端坐呼吸,血压160/90mmHg,脉搏120次/分。P2亢进,心脏各瓣膜区未闻及杂音。双肺底可闻及细湿啰音,双肺散在哮鸣音。腹平软,肝脾肋下未触及,双下肢无水肿。空腹血糖4.2mmol/L。心电图:V1~V6导联ST段压低0.05~0.1mV。2.该患者暂不宜立即使用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡维地洛", "B": "硝普钠", "C": "硝酸甘油", "D": "速尿"}, "answer": "卡维地洛", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于痈的治疗正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "当表面紫褐色已破溃流脓时,不必切开", "B": "切开引流时作“+”形切口", "C": "切口应达病变边缘皮肤", "D": "切口应深达筋膜深面"}, "answer": "切开引流时作“+”形切口", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.用于绿脓杆菌性败血症的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素+链霉素", "B": "羧苄西林+庆大霉素", "C": "苯唑西林+庆大霉素", "D": "青霉素G+磺胺嘧啶"}, "answer": "羧苄西林+庆大霉素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "皮肤局部缺损由肉芽、瘢痕组织替代,并伴炎症细胞浸润及鳞状上皮再生,应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "创伤一期愈合", "B": "皮肤慢性溃疡", "C": "皮肤溃疡伴感染", "D": "皮肤鳞状上皮癌"}, "answer": "创伤一期愈合", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "马斯洛把完善自己,充分发挥自己的潜能,完成自身使命的需要称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "尊重需要", "B": "潜能发挥需要", "C": "自我实现需要", "D": "个人成长需要"}, "answer": "自我实现需要", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,31岁。右小腿被撞伤,创口出血,骨外露24小时。X线片示右胫腓骨下段粉碎性骨折,容易出现的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经血管损伤", "B": "骨筋膜室综合征", "C": "感染", "D": "急性骨萎缩"}, "answer": "感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "手外伤治疗的最终目的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "早期彻底清创", "B": "一期闭合创口", "C": "组织修复", "D": "恢复手部运动功能"}, "answer": "恢复手部运动功能", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有一名45岁女患者,车祸头部受伤,伤后即昏迷,1小时后入院。入院时中度昏迷,右侧瞳孔散大,光反射消失,左上下肢病理征(+)。2.应采取的检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑电图", "B": "脑血管造影", "C": "CT", "D": "ECT"}, "answer": "CT", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,42岁。劳力性胸闷、气促3年,发作时含服硝酸甘油无效。查体于胸骨左缘第3肋间可闻及收缩期杂音。患者首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动态心电图监测", "B": "胸部CT", "C": "心电图运动负荷试验", "D": "超声心动图"}, "answer": "超声心动图", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性病人,29岁,近两年来,对工作失去兴趣,时常无故旷工,家庭责任心减退,对家人态度冷漠,生活懒散,整日无所事事,以上表现属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "情感低落", "B": "情感冷漠", "C": "思维贫乏", "D": "刚塞综合征"}, "answer": "情感冷漠", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "造成气性坏疽最主要的致病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "破伤风梭菌", "B": "产气荚膜梭菌", "C": "艰难梭菌", "D": "枯草杆菌"}, "answer": "艰难梭菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "原发性慢性肾上腺皮质功能减退症典型体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤紫纹", "B": "轻度肥胖", "C": "皮肤黏膜色素沉着", "D": "脉率增快"}, "answer": "皮肤黏膜色素沉着", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,22岁,近半年来因紧张复习准备考研究生,渐出现脑力迟钝,头痛,失眠,注意力不集中,心情紧张,常无故发脾气。近1个月上述症状加重,伴有疲乏无力,不想活动,对事情不感兴趣,对将来没有信心,准备放弃考试。还有明显早醒,醒后不能再次入睡,此时心情尤其烦躁不安,思想悲观,食欲下降,体重减轻。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经衰弱", "B": "焦虑症", "C": "强迫症", "D": "抑郁症"}, "answer": "抑郁症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,52岁。乏力、腹胀1年,加重伴腹痛2天。慢性乙型肝炎病史12年。查体:T 38.8℃,前胸可见数个蜘蛛痣,腹部饱满,全腹弥漫压痛及反跳痛,移动性浊音阳性。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹膜转移癌", "B": "肝癌破裂", "C": "上消化道穿孔", "D": "自发性腹膜炎"}, "answer": "自发性腹膜炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,64岁。拟行胃癌根治术,平素吸烟20支/日。查体:T 37.5℃,P 90次/分,BP 155/95mmHg,血K+3.0mmol/L,ALB 35g/ L。正确的术前准备是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉补充人血白蛋白", "B": "口服肠道抗生素", "C": "术前3天戒烟", "D": "补钾"}, "answer": "补钾", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一女童,体重比同龄正常儿童低30%,皮下脂肪厚0.5cm,同时伴有皮肤干燥、肌张力减低,应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "营养不良重度", "B": "营养不良中度", "C": "营养不良轻度", "D": "属正常儿童范畴"}, "answer": "营养不良中度", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.与胃癌发病关系密切的病理改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃上皮化生", "B": "乳头状瘤", "C": "胃黏膜上皮细胞异形增生", "D": "黏膜中性细胞浸润"}, "answer": "胃黏膜上皮细胞异形增生", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "酶促反应中决定酶专一性的部分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "底物", "B": "辅酶或辅基", "C": "酶蛋白", "D": "催化基因"}, "answer": "酶蛋白", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "成年男性右侧膝关节以下烧伤,其烧伤面积占人体体表面积的百分比是(  )。", "options": {"A": "5%", "B": "8%", "C": "10%", "D": "13%"}, "answer": "10%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "27岁初产妇,妊娠40周,阵发性腹痛10小时,宫缩10~15分钟一次,持续30秒,宫口开大2cm。若已进入第二产程,胎头+4,胎心102次/分,此时的处理应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "等待自然分娩", "B": "行产钳术助娩", "C": "静脉滴注缩宫素加强宫缩", "D": "静注地西泮加速产程进展"}, "answer": "行产钳术助娩", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,28岁.左胸外伤1小时,胸痛.呼吸困难。BP 120/80mmHg,心率100次/min,局部约6cm×6cm的区域反常呼吸运动。2.治疗过程中,患者出现呼吸困难,查体:PaO2 40mmHg。吸氧后氧分压无明显上升,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ARDS", "B": "肺部感染", "C": "气胸", "D": "急性心衰"}, "answer": "ARDS", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肺炎球菌肺炎可出现以下体征,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "口角或鼻周单纯性疱疹", "B": "肋间带状疱疹", "C": "皮肤和黏膜出血点", "D": "病变部位支气管呼吸音"}, "answer": "肋间带状疱疹", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.支配汗腺的交感神经节后纤维末梢释放的递质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素", "B": "去甲肾上腺素", "C": "乙酰胆碱", "D": "5-羟色胺"}, "answer": "乙酰胆碱", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "CD3和CD4抗原存在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "所有外周T细胞", "B": "Th1和Th2", "C": "Ts和Tc", "D": "Th1和Tc"}, "answer": "Th1和Th2", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "股骨转子间骨折与股骨颈骨折临床主要不同点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肢体明显短缩", "B": "功能严重丧失", "C": "肿胀不明显", "D": "远折骨折段处于极度外旋位"}, "answer": "远折骨折段处于极度外旋位", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "以下有关Cushing综合征(皮质醇增多症)的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "外观表现为向心性肥胖,多毛和皮肤紫纹", "B": "外周血中淋巴细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞增多", "C": "口服糖耐量异常,严重时可出现糖尿病", "D": "血压升高"}, "answer": "外周血中淋巴细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞增多", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一男性患者35岁,3天前受凉后头痛、畏寒,继而高热,咳嗽、咳铁锈色痰,左侧胸痛,气急不能平卧。x线检查:左肺下叶可见大片阴影。应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺转移瘤", "B": "肺癌继发感染", "C": "大叶性肺炎", "D": "支气管扩张症"}, "answer": "大叶性肺炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,63岁,自述绝经后阴道不规则出血,近两月阴道排液增多,呈血性。妇科检查示宫颈管肥大,触之易出血。初步诊断为“宫颈癌”。确诊最可靠的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫颈和宫颈管活组织检查", "B": "碘试验", "C": "B型超声检查", "D": "MRI"}, "answer": "宫颈和宫颈管活组织检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.26岁初产妇,临产后出现下腹剧痛,烦躁不安,呼叫,下腹拒按,最可能的诊断应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "前置胎盘", "B": "羊水过多", "C": "胎盘早剥", "D": "先兆子宫破裂"}, "answer": "先兆子宫破裂", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.导致生殖道尖锐湿疣并且与宫颈癌发病有关的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "苍白密螺旋体", "B": "人乳头瘤病毒", "C": "沙眼衣原体", "D": "单纯疱疹病毒"}, "answer": "人乳头瘤病毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "化生指的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞体积增大", "B": "细胞数量增多", "C": "细胞大小形态不一致", "D": "一种分化组织代替另一种分化组织"}, "answer": "一种分化组织代替另一种分化组织", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,32岁,30min前被刀刺右前胸部,咳血痰,呼吸困难。体检:血压14.2/10.4kPa(107/78mmHg),脉搏96/min,右前胸有轻度皮下气肿,右锁骨中线4肋间可见3cm长创口,随呼吸有气体进出伤口响声。3.该患者半小时后收入病房,病人呼吸困难,轻度发绀,右胸部皮下气肿明显加重,X线胸片示右肺完全萎陷,纵隔向左侧偏移,右侧平膈肌水平可见液平面。以下哪项为正确的处理?(  )", "options": {"A": "准备行手术探查", "B": "伤口清创并行胸腔闭式引流", "C": "用注射器穿刺排气", "D": "立即输血"}, "answer": "伤口清创并行胸腔闭式引流", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,22岁。体检心电图提示“左室肥厚、V1~V6巨大倒置T波”来诊。平素无不适。查体:BP 110/70mmHg,心率97次/分,律齐,胸骨左缘第3~4肋间可闻及收缩期杂音,伴震颤。该患者治疗不宜选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "地高辛", "B": "比索洛尔", "C": "地尔硫䓬", "D": "阿西洛尔"}, "answer": "地高辛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.用于DNA片段与克隆载体共价连接的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "限制性内切酶", "B": "DNA连接酶", "C": "碱性磷酸酶", "D": "DNA聚合酶Ⅰ"}, "answer": "DNA连接酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,38岁,2周前在人群中突然感到呼吸困难,四肢发麻,伴喉部阻塞感,有濒死感,感心脏停跳遂大声呼救,EKG及心脏、肺部检查虽无异常,但不能消除余悸,该病人最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "恐惧症", "B": "疑病症", "C": "急性惊恐发作", "D": "神经衰弱"}, "answer": "急性惊恐发作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.既阻断α1又阻断α2受体的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "普萘洛尔", "B": "阿托品", "C": "酚妥拉明", "D": "美托洛尔"}, "answer": "酚妥拉明", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于克雷伯杆菌肺炎,下列哪项叙述是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "起病急,胸痛,畏寒", "B": "咳嗽,咳红棕色胶冻样痰", "C": "外周血白细胞正常或增加", "D": "青壮年多见,预后良好"}, "answer": "青壮年多见,预后良好", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,23岁,间断发热、关节痛1年,半月来高热、皮疹、下肢浮肿;血压 120/80mmHg,皮肤无紫癜,肝脾不大,尿蛋白(+++),尿红细胞5~10/HP,颗粒管型偶见,Hb 98g/L,网织红细胞5%,血BUN 7mmol/L。1.本例最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾炎", "B": "慢性肾炎急性发作", "C": "过敏性紫癜肾炎", "D": "系统性红斑狼疮继发狼疮性肾炎"}, "answer": "系统性红斑狼疮继发狼疮性肾炎", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,30岁。近1年来时有右下腹疼痛伴膀胱刺激症状。查体:腹软、右下腹深压痛,右腰部轻叩痛。尿常规红细胞(++),白细胞(+)。肾图检查右侧呈梗阻型曲线。应考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性膀胱炎", "B": "肾癌", "C": "急性肾盂肾炎", "D": "右输尿管下段结石"}, "answer": "右输尿管下段结石", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.B细胞发育停滞于前B细胞阶段(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性丙种球蛋白缺乏症", "B": "性联无丙种球蛋白血症", "C": "联合免疫缺陷症", "D": "常见多变型免疫缺陷病"}, "answer": "性联无丙种球蛋白血症", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初孕妇,30岁。妊娠37+2周,夜间睡眠中突然出现阴道大量流血,无阵发性腹痛。查体:重度贫血貌,P110次/分,BP80/60mmHg。妇科检查:子宫软,枕左前位,胎心率166次/分。此时最佳的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "输血同时行人工破膜", "B": "立即输血纠正休克", "C": "输血同时行剖宫产术", "D": "立即行无应激试验"}, "answer": "输血同时行剖宫产术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,54岁。重症肺炎患者,入院后次日病情加重,突发持续性呼吸急促,发绀,伴烦躁,呼吸频率40次/分,心率118次/分,律齐,两肺可闻及湿啰音。血气分析:pH 7.34,PaO2 50mmHg,PaCO2 30mmHg。胸片示两中下肺纹理增多模糊,斑片状阴影,心胸比例正常。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性左心衰竭", "B": "自发性气胸", "C": "肺癌", "D": "成人呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)"}, "answer": "成人呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项不符合慢性硬脑膜下血肿的诊断要点?(  )", "options": {"A": "颅内压增高症状明显且出现早", "B": "常出现局灶症状和体征", "C": "常以智力障碍,精神症状为首发症状", "D": "头外伤史不明确或轻微头外伤"}, "answer": "颅内压增高症状明显且出现早", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "10岁女孩误服阿托品中毒,病儿瞳孔散大,颜面潮红,烦躁不安,心率140次/分,已知阿托品的消除速率常数为0.277,约需几小时,上述症状可基本消失(  )。", "options": {"A": "4小时", "B": "8小时", "C": "12小时", "D": "20小时"}, "answer": "12小时", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "发生人工流产综合征反应的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "患者精神过度紧张", "B": "患者有心脏病", "C": "术中对宫颈和子宫的刺激引起迷走神经反射所致", "D": "手术吸宫不全"}, "answer": "术中对宫颈和子宫的刺激引起迷走神经反射所致", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.高血压合并稳定性心绞痛首选的联合降压方案(  )。", "options": {"A": "α受体阻滞剂", "B": "利尿剂+α受体阻滞剂", "C": "β受体阻滞剂+长效钙拮抗剂", "D": "ACEI/ARB"}, "answer": "β受体阻滞剂+长效钙拮抗剂", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "26岁已婚女性,停经6周,少量阴道流血2天,突感下腹坠痛及肛门坠胀感,伴头晕呕吐半天。查体:面色苍白,血压90/60mmHg,右下腹压痛、反跳痛、腹肌紧张。妇科检查:阴道少量血性物,宫颈举痛(+),后穹隆饱满,子宫稍大,附件区触诊不满意。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "先兆流产", "B": "卵巢囊肿蒂扭转", "C": "异位妊娠", "D": "急性阑尾炎"}, "answer": "异位妊娠", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "骨盆测量数值为正常的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "髂棘间径20cm", "B": "髂嵴间径22cm", "C": "骶耻外径17cm", "D": "坐骨结节间径9cm"}, "answer": "坐骨结节间径9cm", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,63岁,2年前出现严重脑卒中遗留偏瘫症状,近1年病情经常波动。记忆力明显下降,情绪不稳定,常发脾气,有时一点小事就哭笑。近3个月明显多疑,认为有人偷他的东西,老伴对他不忠心有外遇,给他下毒谋财害命,还凭空听到有人骂他和议论他的声音,心情低落,有自杀观念。检查发现记忆力属很差水平,计算力和理解力明显下降。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑郁症", "B": "老年性痴呆", "C": "人格障碍", "D": "脑血管病所致精神障碍"}, "answer": "脑血管病所致精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是广谱抗心律失常药?(  )", "options": {"A": "普萘洛尔", "B": "胺碘酮", "C": "奎尼丁", "D": "普鲁帕酮"}, "answer": "胺碘酮", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.高血压伴支气管哮喘患者不宜使用的降压药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "β受体拮抗剂", "B": "α受体拮抗剂", "C": "利尿剂", "D": "ACEI"}, "answer": "β受体拮抗剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.移植器官超急排斥反应的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "供体内预存有抗受体的HLA?Ⅰ类抗原的抗体", "B": "受体内预存有抗供体的ABO血型抗体", "C": "供体内预存有抗受体的AB0血型抗体", "D": "移植物中含有足够数量的免疫细胞"}, "answer": "受体内预存有抗供体的ABO血型抗体", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.引起霍乱流行的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "革兰阴性菌", "B": "O139", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "D": "肉毒杆菌"}, "answer": "O139", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列何药可用于治疗心源性哮喘?(  )", "options": {"A": "异丙肾上腺素", "B": "沙丁胺醇", "C": "异丙基阿托品", "D": "哌替啶"}, "answer": "哌替啶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.属择期手术的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "嵌顿疝还纳修补术", "B": "胃癌根治术", "C": "甲状腺腺瘤切除术", "D": "脾破裂行脾切除术"}, "answer": "甲状腺腺瘤切除术", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于贫血的病理生理基础,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "红细胞内2,3-DPG含量减少", "B": "ST段压低,T波倒置", "C": "性功能减退,月经紊乱", "D": "多尿"}, "answer": "红细胞内2,3-DPG含量减少", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "子宫颈早期浸润癌浸润深度的标准是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不超过基底膜下5mm", "B": "不超过基底膜下2mm", "C": "不超过基底膜下3mm", "D": "不超过基底膜下4mm"}, "answer": "不超过基底膜下5mm", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "成年男性,体检时发现血液中HIV抗体阳性。下列哪项是最具传染性的物质(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿液", "B": "唾液", "C": "血液", "D": "汗液"}, "answer": "血液", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,36岁。腹痛、腹胀1个月。伴发热,下午较明显,无寒战,无恶心、呕吐、腹泻。查体:T 37.5℃,P 18次/分,BP 120/80mmHg。双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心律齐。腹部膨隆,全腹弥漫性压痛,无反跳痛,移动性浊音(+)。胸部X线检查:右上肺可见钙化灶。1.应首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝硬化腹水", "B": "心源性腹水", "C": "腹膜间皮瘤", "D": "结核性腹膜炎"}, "answer": "结核性腹膜炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列疟原虫不属于疟疾病原体的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "圆形疟原虫", "B": "卵圆形疟原虫", "C": "间日疟原虫", "D": "恶性疟原虫"}, "answer": "圆形疟原虫", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "引起急性肾小球肾炎的链球菌主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "A组α溶血性链球菌", "B": "A组β溶血性链球菌", "C": "B组α溶血性链球菌", "D": "B组β溶血性链球菌"}, "answer": "A组β溶血性链球菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "心脏触及震颤的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏瓣膜狭窄", "B": "心房颤动", "C": "心室颤动", "D": "左室增大"}, "answer": "心脏瓣膜狭窄", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肾致密斑的作用是直接感受(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾血流Na+含量变化", "B": "肾血管血压变化", "C": "肾小管液Na+含量变化", "D": "入球小动脉牵张刺激"}, "answer": "肾小管液Na+含量变化", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "三环类抗抑郁药的副作用最重要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "锥体外系症状", "B": "过敏反应", "C": "心律失常及心电图变化", "D": "粒细胞减少"}, "answer": "心律失常及心电图变化", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,45岁。右肩背部肿痛4天,伴发热。体检:体温39.5℃,右肩背部有多个脓栓,中央部坏死呈火山口状。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "疖", "B": "痈", "C": "丹毒", "D": "急性管状淋巴管炎"}, "answer": "痈", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "鹿角形结石引起泌尿道的病理生理改变,最严重的后果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿路梗阻", "B": "尿路上皮恶变", "C": "肾积水", "D": "尿毒症"}, "answer": "尿路上皮恶变", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.出现Aschoff小体的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压心脏病伴左心功能不全", "B": "扩张性心肌病", "C": "风湿性心脏病", "D": "病毒性心肌炎"}, "answer": "风湿性心脏病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是手术后好发血栓的部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "颈静脉", "B": "门静脉", "C": "冠状动脉", "D": "下肢静脉"}, "answer": "下肢静脉", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于医学伦理学的任务,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "反映社会对医学的需求", "B": "为医学的发展导向", "C": "努力解决医学活动中产生的伦理问题", "D": "满足患者的所有要求和利益"}, "answer": "满足患者的所有要求和利益", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "“冬眠合剂”通常指下述哪一组药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "苯巴比妥+氯丙嗪+吗啡", "B": "氯丙嗪+异丙嗪+吗啡", "C": "氯丙嗪+异丙嗪+哌替啶", "D": "氯丙嗪+阿托品+哌替啶"}, "answer": "氯丙嗪+异丙嗪+哌替啶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "外科治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症公认的重点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "治疗和预防出血", "B": "控制腹水", "C": "预防肝癌", "D": "防止门静脉高压性胃病"}, "answer": "治疗和预防出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "磺酰脲类降糖药的作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "加速胰岛素合成", "B": "刺激胰岛β细胞释放胰岛素", "C": "抑制葡萄糖吸收", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "刺激胰岛β细胞释放胰岛素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在突发公共卫生事件应急处理工作中,有关单位和个人不配合有关技术人员调查、采样、技术分析和检验的,对有关责任人给予(  )。", "options": {"A": "警告", "B": "吊销执照", "C": "行政处分或者纪律处分", "D": "追究刑事责任"}, "answer": "行政处分或者纪律处分", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,46岁。有上腹隐痛不适伴嗳气、反酸3年余,加重3个月。行上消化道气钡双重造影检查,其结果见胃黏膜紊乱,有大小不一的龛影,周围皱襞中断,胃壁僵硬、蠕动减弱。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃溃疡", "B": "胃癌", "C": "十二指肠球部溃疡", "D": "食管癌"}, "answer": "胃癌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "易引起乳酸性酸中毒的口服降血糖药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯甲酸衍生物", "B": "α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂", "C": "双胍类", "D": "噻唑烷二酮类"}, "answer": "双胍类", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "伴发热,查体:右小腿皮肤片状红疹,颜色鲜红,中间较淡,边缘清楚,隆起,皮温增高。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "疖", "B": "痈", "C": "丹毒", "D": "急性淋巴结炎"}, "answer": "丹毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.治疗复杂部分性发作首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙戊酸钠", "B": "卡马西平", "C": "乙琥胺", "D": "ACTH"}, "answer": "卡马西平", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "我国现阶段采用的围生期规定为(  )。", "options": {"A": "从胚胎形成至产后1周", "B": "从妊娠满20周至产后4周", "C": "从妊娠满28周至产后1周", "D": "从妊娠满28周至产后4周"}, "answer": "从妊娠满28周至产后1周", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,45岁,左下肢麻木2个月余,从上往下发展,近1个月出现右下肢无力。查体:颅神经及双上肢正常,左腹股沟以下痛温觉减退,右下肢肌力Ⅳ级,Babinski征右侧(+)。2.应首先做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "C5为中心X线片", "B": "头部CT", "C": "T4为中心X线片", "D": "T9为中心X线片"}, "answer": "T9为中心X线片", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,24岁,因高热2周,血便1天入院。大便为鲜红色血便,共3次,总量约500ml,伴乏力、纳差、头晕。体检:体温39.2℃,血压100/60mmHg,脉搏90次/min。外周血白细胞4.2×109/L。1.本患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿米巴痢疾", "B": "伤寒", "C": "肠结核", "D": "结肠癌"}, "answer": "伤寒", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "膜性增生性肾小球肾炎的主要病理特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球系膜细胞和内皮细胞增生", "B": "肾小球系膜细胞增生、基底膜增厚及分层", "C": "肾小球硬化", "D": "肾小球无明显病变"}, "answer": "肾小球系膜细胞增生、基底膜增厚及分层", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.由Ⅲ型超敏反应引起的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管哮喘", "B": "溶血性贫血", "C": "接触性皮炎", "D": "血清病"}, "answer": "血清病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.与耐药性的获得及转移密切相关的细菌结构是(  )。", "options": {"A": "荚膜", "B": "质粒", "C": "普通菌毛", "D": "鞭毛"}, "answer": "质粒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于风湿性疾病的概念,说法正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "风湿性疾病就是自身免疫性疾病", "B": "结缔组织病是风湿性疾病的一部分", "C": "风湿性疾病是结缔组织病的一部分", "D": "风湿性疾病就是结缔组织病"}, "answer": "结缔组织病是风湿性疾病的一部分", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,75岁,摔倒后右髋部着地,起身行走后感觉右髋关节处疼痛,入院后体检:测右侧踝关节到同侧大转子问的距离较左下肢短缩。右下肢轻度外旋,右髋关节处无明显肿胀畸形,右下肢纵向叩击痛明显。3.合理的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "夹板固定", "B": "髋人字石膏外固定", "C": "立即行人工股骨头置换术", "D": "皮牵引6~8周后,三刃钉内固定"}, "answer": "立即行人工股骨头置换术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.病毒感染时最常见(  )。", "options": {"A": "单核细胞", "B": "淋巴细胞", "C": "嗜酸性粒细胞", "D": "肥大细胞"}, "answer": "淋巴细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性患者28岁,面部及下肢水肿,尿蛋白+++,血压150/100mmHg。肾穿刺活检:肾小球体积增大,电镜见脏层上皮与基底膜之间有驼峰样致密沉积物。本例肾炎病理改变为(  )。", "options": {"A": "膜性增生性肾炎", "B": "膜性肾炎", "C": "毛细血管内增生性肾炎", "D": "轻微病变型肾炎"}, "answer": "毛细血管内增生性肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,54岁。重症肺炎患者,入院后次日病情加重,突发持续性呼吸急促,发绀,伴烦躁,呼吸频率40次/分,心率118次/分,律齐,两肺可闻及湿啰音。血气分析:pH 7.34,PaO2 50mmHg,PaCO2 30mmHg。胸片示两中下肺纹理增多模糊,斑片状阴影,心胸比例正常。3.对输液的要求是(  )。", "options": {"A": "入量=出量", "B": "入量>出量(>600~1000ml)", "C": "入量>出量(>500ml)", "D": "入量<出量(<500~1000ml)"}, "answer": "入量<出量(<500~1000ml)", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于依赖的描述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使用者因为不清楚使用成瘾物质的后果,所以才会继续使用", "B": "依赖分为躯体依赖和心理依赖", "C": "心理依赖表现为戒断症状", "D": "强制性觅药行为是躯体依赖的表现"}, "answer": "依赖分为躯体依赖和心理依赖", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医师发现或怀疑胎儿异常的,应当对孕妇进行产前诊断,属于产前诊断的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎儿发育诊查", "B": "对孕妇进行传染病诊查", "C": "胎儿先天性缺陷诊断", "D": "对孕妇其他疾病诊查"}, "answer": "胎儿先天性缺陷诊断", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述是躯体疾病所致精神障碍的精神症状,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑衰弱综合征", "B": "精神自动综合征", "C": "慢性脑病综合征", "D": "情感障碍"}, "answer": "精神自动综合征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪种pH最适宜培养真菌?(  )", "options": {"A": "pH=3", "B": "pH=5", "C": "pH=7", "D": "pH=9"}, "answer": "pH=5", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于慢性活动性肝炎的描述,下列哪一项是错误的(  )。", "options": {"A": "是自身免疫性疾病", "B": "炎症反应明显", "C": "可以转为肝硬变", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "以上都不是", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,23岁,干咳、乏力2周。近几天来有发热、胸痛伴气促。胸部X线检查,右侧中等量胸腔积液。胸水化验:比重1.023,白蛋白30g/L,白细胞380×106/L,红细胞2.1×109/L。腺苷脱氢酶89U/L,该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "化脓性胸膜炎", "B": "结核性胸膜炎", "C": "风湿性胸膜炎", "D": "病毒性胸膜炎"}, "answer": "结核性胸膜炎", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肺癌空洞的典型X线表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "薄壁空洞,形状不规则", "B": "厚壁空洞,内壁光滑", "C": "厚壁空洞,内壁凹凸不平", "D": "厚壁空洞,内有液平"}, "answer": "厚壁空洞,内壁凹凸不平", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于苯妥英钠,哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "无镇静催眠作用", "B": "抗癫痫作用与开放Na+通道有关", "C": "血药浓度过高,则按零级动力学消除", "D": "有诱导肝药酶的作用"}, "answer": "抗癫痫作用与开放Na+通道有关", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新鲜肩关节前脱位病人,治疗上首选的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤牵引", "B": "悬吊牵引", "C": "手法复位外固定", "D": "手术切开复位内固定"}, "answer": "手法复位外固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一般不会出现意识障碍的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "躁狂状态", "B": "抑郁状态", "C": "分离状态", "D": "痴呆状态"}, "answer": "抑郁状态", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "中枢神经系统白血病不可能出现的情况为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑神经麻痹", "B": "视物模糊", "C": "脑脊液压力高", "D": "脑脊液蛋白减少"}, "answer": "脑脊液蛋白减少", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列有关化脓性炎症的描述,哪项不准确?(  )", "options": {"A": "有大量中性粒细胞渗出即为化脓性炎", "B": "脓性渗出物称为“脓液”", "C": "化脓性炎中均伴有不同程度的组织坏死", "D": "蜂窝织炎和脓肿均为化脓性炎"}, "answer": "有大量中性粒细胞渗出即为化脓性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肾功能试验下列哪项错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "菊粉清除率可准确代表肾小球滤过率", "B": "对氨基马尿酸清除率是测定肾小球数量和质量的指标", "C": "酚红排泄试验可大致反映近曲小管的重吸收功能", "D": "血液pH测定可反映肾小管调节酸碱平衡功能"}, "answer": "酚红排泄试验可大致反映近曲小管的重吸收功能", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.确定有无颅骨骨折(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线颅片", "B": "脑电图", "C": "脑血管造影", "D": "CT"}, "answer": "X线颅片", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2岁男孩,发热、咳嗽、气促2周余,近2天呼吸困难突然加重,咳嗽剧烈。查体:精神不振,烦躁不安,面色青紫,右肺叩诊上方呈鼓音,下方呈浊音,呼吸音消失,肝肋下1.Ocm。根据病情诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎合并脓胸", "B": "肺炎合并心肌炎", "C": "肺炎合并气胸", "D": "肺炎合并DIC"}, "answer": "肺炎合并气胸", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4个月男孩,咳嗽2天,喘憋加重1天,病后低热,精神、食欲尚可。体检:T37.8℃,呼吸60次/分,心率150次/分,两肺满布哮鸣音,两背下可听到细湿哕音,肝肋下3.5cm。2.X线胸片最可能出现的异常表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不同程度梗阻性肺气肿和支气管周围炎", "B": "常见肺浸润、多发性肺脓肿、肺大泡", "C": "大小不等的片状阴影或融合成大病灶", "D": "两肺纹理重"}, "answer": "不同程度梗阻性肺气肿和支气管周围炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有关血红蛋白(Hb)和肌红蛋白(Mb)的叙述不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Hb和Mb都含铁", "B": "都是含辅基的结合蛋白", "C": "都具有四级结构形式", "D": "都属于色蛋白类"}, "answer": "都具有四级结构形式", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,25岁。停经3个月,阴道淋漓流血2个月,阴道前壁有胡桃大紫蓝色结节,子宫软,如孕4个月大小,尿妊娠试验阳性。应考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄胎", "B": "侵蚀性葡萄胎", "C": "双胎妊娠", "D": "先兆流产"}, "answer": "侵蚀性葡萄胎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对明确直肠癌局部浸润状况有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结肠镜", "B": "全消化道X线钡餐造影", "C": "腹部B超", "D": "盆腹部增强CT"}, "answer": "盆腹部增强CT", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是检测IgE含量常用的简单方法?(  )", "options": {"A": "单向免疫扩散", "B": "间接血凝", "C": "ELISA", "D": "对流电泳"}, "answer": "ELISA", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,65岁。近半年来反复出现头痛,头晕,今晨在突然转头时感眩晕耳鸣,恶心呕吐摔倒在地,2分钟后缓解。既往曾类似发作2次。X线片示颈5~6椎体后缘骨质增生,椎间隙明显变窄,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓型颈椎病", "B": "交感神经型颈椎病", "C": "椎动脉型颈椎病", "D": "癫痫发作"}, "answer": "椎动脉型颈椎病", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "胆固醇合成过程中的限速酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HMGCoA裂解酶", "B": "HMGCoA还原酶", "C": "鲨烯合成酶", "D": "鲨烯环氧酶"}, "answer": "HMGCoA还原酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,60岁。突发呼吸困难,咳粉红色泡沫痰,血压190/100mmHg,诊断为急性左心衰,该患者的最佳治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "西地兰", "B": "氨茶碱", "C": "硝普钠", "D": "多巴酚丁胺"}, "answer": "硝普钠", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下各项中不是慢性肺心病的心电图表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "电轴右偏", "B": "SV1+RV5≥1.05mV", "C": "V1和V2导联出现QS波", "D": "右束支传导阻滞"}, "answer": "SV1+RV5≥1.05mV", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "10个月患儿,早产,出生体重2kg,牛奶喂养,未添加辅食,发现面色苍白5个月。体检:体重7kg,苍白,肝肋下3cm,脾肋下1.5cm,心肺(-)。血象:RBC3.5×1012/L,Hb75g/L,WBC6.0×109/L,N 0.30,L 0.68,M 0.02,Ret 0.004。1.考虑可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "地中海贫血", "B": "营养性缺铁性贫血", "C": "营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血", "D": "溶血性贫血"}, "answer": "营养性缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "出血热少尿期6天,BUN38mmol/L,尿量100ml/d,血压180/115mmHg,脉洪大,体表静脉充盈,呼吸快,双肺底有散在水泡音,最有效的治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量利尿剂", "B": "纠酸强心", "C": "透析疗法(血液透析)", "D": "控制液体入量"}, "answer": "透析疗法(血液透析)", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医师注册后有下述情形之一的应当注销注册,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "死亡的", "B": "受民事处罚的", "C": "受吊销医师执业证书行政处罚的", "D": "中止医师执业活动满2年的"}, "answer": "受民事处罚的", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.心动周期中,主动脉压的最高值与最低值之差是(  )。", "options": {"A": "舒张压", "B": "平均动脉压", "C": "收缩压", "D": "脉压"}, "answer": "脉压", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.哪项是引起双下肢痉挛性瘫的病变部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑干", "B": "大脑皮质", "C": "胸髓", "D": "腰膨大"}, "answer": "胸髓", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不属于红细胞的生理特征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞膜的通透性", "B": "红细胞胞的可塑变形性", "C": "红细胞的渗透脆性", "D": "红细胞的趋化性"}, "answer": "红细胞的趋化性", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "父母与子女HLA的关系为(  )。", "options": {"A": "25%相同", "B": "100%相同", "C": "50%相同", "D": "60%相同"}, "answer": "50%相同", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肝脏进行生物转化时活性硫酸供体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "H2SO4", "B": "PAPS", "C": "半胱氯酸", "D": "胱氨酸"}, "answer": "PAPS", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不符合单纯性肾病的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全身水肿", "B": "大量蛋白尿", "C": "低清蛋白(白蛋白)血症", "D": "肉眼血尿"}, "answer": "肉眼血尿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.卵巢上皮癌的一线化疗首选,近年多采用铂类和紫杉醇联合,即(  )。", "options": {"A": "FP-EMA", "B": "EMA-CO", "C": "顺铂+长春新碱+异环磷酰胺", "D": "紫杉醇+卡铂"}, "answer": "紫杉醇+卡铂", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪项是与mIg共同组成BCR复合物的CD分子?(  )", "options": {"A": "CD3和CD2", "B": "CD79α和CD79β", "C": "CD19和CD21", "D": "CD80和CD86"}, "answer": "CD79α和CD79β", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "战伤救护中,遇肠管脱出体外,转运前下列处理最恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即送回腹腔,包扎伤口", "B": "缝线缝扎固定肠管与腹壁再行包扎", "C": "敷料覆盖再以钟型器皿盖住再包扎", "D": "以生理盐水冲洗后常规包扎保护"}, "answer": "敷料覆盖再以钟型器皿盖住再包扎", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,3岁。出生时正常,母乳喂养,5个月后智能落后,头发变黄,肤色变白,多动,有肌痉挛,尿有鼠尿臭味。1.临床上应首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "21-三体综合征", "B": "维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症", "C": "苯丙酮尿症", "D": "癫痫"}, "answer": "苯丙酮尿症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.多巴胺舒张肾血管的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制单胺氧化酶", "B": "抑制胆碱酯酶", "C": "激动多巴胺受体", "D": "阻断多巴胺受体"}, "answer": "激动多巴胺受体", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.术后麻醉反应的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热", "B": "恶心、呕吐", "C": "腹胀", "D": "呃逆"}, "answer": "恶心、呕吐", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,55岁。右侧胸部闭合性损伤1天。右胸疼痛,咳嗽时加重,右侧气胸,肺压缩10%。该患者恰当的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸腔穿刺", "B": "胸壁包扎固定", "C": "肺段、肺叶切除", "D": "胸腔镜手术"}, "answer": "胸壁包扎固定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "细胞外的细菌进入细胞的过程是(  )。", "options": {"A": "易化扩散", "B": "主动转运", "C": "人胞作用", "D": "吞饮过程"}, "answer": "人胞作用", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "轮状病毒肠炎常伴有(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热,上呼吸道感染症状", "B": "皮疹", "C": "肝大", "D": "肠紊乱"}, "answer": "发热,上呼吸道感染症状", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "垂体门脉系统损伤时,哪一种激素可不减少?(  )", "options": {"A": "促性腺激素", "B": "催乳素", "C": "促肾上腺皮质激素", "D": "抗利尿激素"}, "answer": "催乳素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男病人,18岁,近半年来对家人变得冷淡,漠不关心,生活变得懒散,不去上学,常卧床。见妈妈跌倒在地,表现无所谓,不予理睬。这种表现多考虑是(  )。", "options": {"A": "幻觉妄想状态", "B": "人格改变", "C": "情感淡漠", "D": "情感倒错"}, "answer": "情感淡漠", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,40岁。田间劳动时右足底被割破,伤口长2cm,深达肌腱,自行包扎。10天后感乏力、畏光、咀嚼无力、下肢痛。无神经系统疾病史。查体:满面大汗,苦笑脸,张口困难,角弓反张,阵发性四肢痉挛,心肺查体无异常,腹肌强直,无压痛。1.该患者早期典型的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "四肢抽搐", "B": "畏光", "C": "咀嚼无力", "D": "张口困难"}, "answer": "张口困难", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "标准正态分布的两个参数值分别是(  )。", "options": {"A": "μ=0,σ=0", "B": "μ=1,σ=-1", "C": "μ=-1,σ=1", "D": "μ=0,σ=1"}, "answer": "μ=0,σ=1", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对病人的利与害共存时,要求临床医师保证最大善果和最小恶果的医学伦理学原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "为社会主义现代化建设服务", "B": "有利患者", "C": "严谨审慎", "D": "双方协商解决"}, "answer": "有利患者", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "垂体门脉系统损伤时,可不减少的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "促甲状腺素", "B": "促性腺激素", "C": "催乳素", "D": "促肾上腺皮质激素"}, "answer": "催乳素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "甲状腺功能亢进与下列哪种精神障碍的表现类似,容易误诊?(  )", "options": {"A": "焦虑症", "B": "抑郁症", "C": "躁狂症", "D": "精神分裂症"}, "answer": "躁狂症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "世界上第一个安乐死合法化的国家是(  )。", "options": {"A": "澳大利亚", "B": "挪威", "C": "利比亚", "D": "荷兰"}, "answer": "荷兰", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,60岁。反复咳嗽、咳痰25年,心悸、气促、下肢间歇水肿3年,病情加重伴畏寒发热1周入院。体检:T 38℃,呼吸急促,口唇发绀,双肺叩诊过清音,中下肺闻及湿啰音,心率110次/分,心律齐,无杂音,双下肢重度水肿。3.主要治疗措施应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "祛痰与止咳", "B": "解痉与平喘", "C": "低浓度持续吸氧", "D": "控制感染与改善功能"}, "answer": "控制感染与改善功能", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "滴虫阴道炎最常见的传播途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "性直接接触感染", "B": "间接接触感染", "C": "内源性感染", "D": "经淋巴循环感染"}, "answer": "性直接接触感染", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,21岁,因工作紧张,近一月感觉压力重重,不能胜任工作,觉得自己一无是处,连累了父母,开煤气自杀被急送入院,入院后又趁人不备打破窗玻璃,用碎玻璃自杀,后经抢救脱险,经检查患者有青光眼病史。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应激障碍", "B": "抑郁症", "C": "虚无心境", "D": "焦虑症"}, "answer": "抑郁症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "由胰岛A细胞分泌的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胰高血糖素", "B": "生长抑素", "C": "血管活性肠肽", "D": "胰多肽"}, "answer": "胰高血糖素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于脑出血,最确切的诊断依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "60岁以上发病", "B": "脑脊液血性", "C": "突然偏瘫,头部CT见基底节区附近高密度影", "D": "均有脑膜刺激征"}, "answer": "突然偏瘫,头部CT见基底节区附近高密度影", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "法洛四联症最早出现的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "活动耐受力下降", "B": "晕厥", "C": "青紫", "D": "蹲踞"}, "answer": "青紫", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿2岁,因体格智力发育落后来诊,体检:表情呆滞,两眼距宽,两眼外侧上斜,鼻梁低平,舌常伸出口外,通贯手,该患儿诊断考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯丙酮尿症", "B": "21-三体综合征", "C": "18-三体综合征", "D": "呆小病"}, "answer": "21-三体综合征", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于功能性蛋白尿错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球通透性增加", "B": "有肾血管痉挛或充血", "C": "尿蛋白定性常为(+)~(++)", "D": "尿蛋白定量不超过0.5g/24h"}, "answer": "尿蛋白定性常为(+)~(++)", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "脊柱外伤后导致脊髓右侧半横断损伤,其典型的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "双侧肢体完全瘫痪", "B": "同侧肢体运动消失,对侧肢体感觉丧失", "C": "同侧肢体运动和深感觉丧失,对侧浅感觉消失", "D": "同侧肢体运动和浅感觉丧失,对侧深感觉丧失"}, "answer": "同侧肢体运动和深感觉丧失,对侧浅感觉消失", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "软组织中出现骨和软骨组织,应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "再生性增生", "B": "过再生性增生", "C": "组织的化生", "D": "癌前病变"}, "answer": "组织的化生", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩,3岁,经常反复呼吸道感染,体格检查发现胸骨左缘第2肋间有2—3级收缩期杂音,无震颤,P2亢进伴固定分裂。胸透示肺门血管增粗,搏动强烈,右心室饱满。EKG示电轴右偏,V1呈rsR'型,RV115mm。3.最佳的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "随访至学龄期手术", "B": "建议4~5岁时手术修补", "C": "可以等到成人期手术", "D": "增加营养,促使缺损自己闭合"}, "answer": "建议4~5岁时手术修补", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,70岁。因脑出血1小时入院,病情危重。医生建议立即手术,并告知家属手术可能存在的风险,不手术则会有生命危险。家属因经济困难,示意医生只需作简单处置,放弃救治,听任其死亡,但拒绝对此签字。此时医生应选择的最佳决策是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一定要家属签字,否则让病人转院", "B": "听从家属决定,并在病历上如实记录家属意见", "C": "征求医院领导意见并与家属充分沟通,确定符合实际的救治手段", "D": "不考虑家属意见,医生直接手术"}, "answer": "征求医院领导意见并与家属充分沟通,确定符合实际的救治手段", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.病变区和正常皮肤界限清楚(  )。", "options": {"A": "痈", "B": "丹毒", "C": "急性蜂窝织炎", "D": "淋巴管炎"}, "answer": "丹毒", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小脑幕裂孔疝致一侧瞳孔散大的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动眼神经受压", "B": "动眼神经核受压", "C": "疝侧桥脑受压", "D": "疝侧延髓受压"}, "answer": "动眼神经受压", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "风湿热,对于预后的估计和治疗的选择具有重要意义的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "关节炎的严重程度", "B": "是否伴有心脏炎", "C": "ASO滴度高低", "D": "血沉增快程度"}, "answer": "是否伴有心脏炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "“感时花溅泪,恨别鸟惊心”,下列哪项符合这种情绪状态?(  )", "options": {"A": "心境", "B": "激情", "C": "应激", "D": "美感"}, "answer": "心境", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.小叶性肺炎可合并发生(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管扩张", "B": "肺结核病", "C": "支气管哮喘", "D": "胸膜间皮瘤"}, "answer": "支气管扩张", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,46岁。右下腹持续性疼痛4天,伴恶心、呕吐,呕出物为胃内容物。体温38.5℃。体检发现右下腹5cm×5cm大小肿块,触痛明显。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "盲肠肿瘤", "B": "急性化脓性阑尾炎", "C": "阑尾周围脓肿", "D": "结肠癌"}, "answer": "阑尾周围脓肿", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在处理保守医密与讲真话二者关系时,下列说法正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性病人保密,不讲疾病实情", "B": "妇科病人保密,不讲疾病实情", "C": "晚期癌症病人保密,不讲疾病实情", "D": "早期癌症病人保密,不讲疾病实情"}, "answer": "晚期癌症病人保密,不讲疾病实情", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于精神分裂症青春型,下列哪种说法错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "多在青春期发病", "B": "主要表现为联想散漫", "C": "有片断幻觉、妄想、行为紊乱", "D": "治疗效果差"}, "answer": "主要表现为联想散漫", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "H—O变异后细菌失去的结构是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞壁", "B": "鞭毛", "C": "荚膜", "D": "芽孢"}, "answer": "鞭毛", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪项是晚期血吸虫病中,最常见的临床类型?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺型", "B": "侏儒型", "C": "脑型", "D": "巨脾型"}, "answer": "巨脾型", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,24岁。近半年月经周期缩短。妇科检查除外生殖器官器质性病变。基础体温双向型。子宫内膜活检示分泌反应落后三日。诊断为“排卵性月经失调”。下列不用于治疗的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HCG", "B": "黄体酮", "C": "复方口服避孕药", "D": "小剂量雌激素"}, "answer": "复方口服避孕药", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,20岁,8月5日来诊,进食海鲜3小时后出现腹泻,呕吐伴轻微腹痛,大便为稀水样,共大便20次,查体:烦躁不安,脱水貌,双侧腓肠肌痉挛,粪常规可见少量白细胞,未见红细胞。2.该患者最适合的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉点滴碳酸氢钠", "B": "静脉补充电解质和液体", "C": "口服补液盐", "D": "口服止泻药"}, "answer": "口服补液盐", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.γ-氨基丁酸的前体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙氨酸", "B": "色氨酸", "C": "谷氨酸", "D": "苏氨酸"}, "answer": "谷氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎最有诊断价值的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "起病急、病情重", "B": "血白细胞总数高、核左移", "C": "双肺啰音密集", "D": "合并脓胸、肺大疱"}, "answer": "合并脓胸、肺大疱", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性胃炎的临床表现一般不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "恶心、呕吐", "B": "贫血", "C": "右季肋部痛", "D": "上腹部痛"}, "answer": "右季肋部痛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下描述不符合炎症介质的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可引起组织增生", "B": "可具有趋化作用", "C": "可引起血管扩张", "D": "可引起发热和疼痛"}, "answer": "可引起组织增生", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "诊断术后肺不张较有意义的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "术后早期发热,呼吸及心率增快", "B": "胸部叩诊呈浊音或实音", "C": "听诊有局限性湿性哕音", "D": "呼吸音减弱、消失或为支气管呼吸音"}, "answer": "呼吸音减弱、消失或为支气管呼吸音", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.与细菌耐药性相关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "普通菌毛", "B": "荚膜", "C": "芽胞", "D": "质粒"}, "answer": "质粒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "6岁女孩,因眼睑伴下肢水肿一周,咳嗽伴喘憋一天入院。查体:血压130/96mmHg,半卧位,呼吸促,眼睑及双下肢肿胀,心率135次/分,律齐,心音有力,双肺底部可闻及细小水泡音,肝肋下3.5cm。此患儿诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾炎", "B": "肺炎支原体肺炎", "C": "急性肾炎合并肺炎", "D": "急性肾炎合并循环充血"}, "answer": "急性肾炎合并循环充血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.常用作原核表达体系的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支原体", "B": "衣原体", "C": "细菌", "D": "噬菌体"}, "answer": "细菌", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于球后溃疡的临床表现,下列哪项不符合?(  )", "options": {"A": "背部放射痛", "B": "症状较一般十二指肠溃疡严重而持续", "C": "不易出血", "D": "内科疗效差"}, "answer": "不易出血", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,65岁,脑出血,有意识障碍,不时大喊“床上有毛毛虫,树、生、飞、我写字……塑料盒……一去不复返……”该症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "思维松弛", "B": "思维破碎", "C": "思维不连贯", "D": "思维插入"}, "answer": "思维不连贯", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "腺垂体组织受损时,哪一项激素缺乏的症状出现最早?(  )", "options": {"A": "促性腺激素", "B": "泌乳素", "C": "促甲状腺激素", "D": "促肾上腺皮质激素"}, "answer": "促性腺激素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于子宫破裂,下列哪项是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "瘢痕子宫是引起子宫破裂最常见的原因", "B": "病理缩复环高达平脐应考虑先兆子宫破裂", "C": "阴道分娩时易发生子宫破裂", "D": "子宫破裂时应迅速从阴道娩出胎儿"}, "answer": "病理缩复环高达平脐应考虑先兆子宫破裂", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新生儿期指的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "从孕期28周至生后28天内", "B": "从出生后脐带结扎时起至生后28天内", "C": "从出生后脐带结扎时起至生后30天内", "D": "从出生后脐带结扎时起至生后1个月内"}, "answer": "从出生后脐带结扎时起至生后28天内", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,48岁。右颈部包块伴发热1个月入院,活检诊断为弥漫性大细胞型,B细胞来源,脾肋下5cm,骨髓穿刺涂片内有12%淋巴肉瘤细胞。2.临床分期属(  )。", "options": {"A": "ⅢA", "B": "ⅢB", "C": "ⅣA", "D": "ⅣB"}, "answer": "ⅣB", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.导致脑梗死最常见的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "分水岭脑梗死", "B": "短暂性脑缺血发作", "C": "脑血栓", "D": "腔隙性脑梗死"}, "answer": "脑血栓", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下疾病应行限期手术的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃癌", "B": "急性胆囊炎", "C": "腹股沟斜疝", "D": "结节性甲状腺肿"}, "answer": "胃癌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "最常引起婴幼儿秋季腹泻的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "诺沃克病毒", "B": "埃可病毒", "C": "腺病毒", "D": "轮状病毒"}, "answer": "轮状病毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,8岁。发热、胸痛、气短1周余,查体:右胸部饱满,叩诊呈浊音,右胸呼吸音减弱,实验室检查:白细胞20×109/L,中性粒细胞分数90%,胸透示:右胸腔积液。2.首选诊断方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸穿", "B": "纤维支气管镜", "C": "MRI", "D": "B超"}, "answer": "胸穿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,男,8个月,咳嗽、喘息已3天,呼吸增快,心率142次/分,喘憋,闻及两肺广泛哮鸣音,诊断为毛细支气管炎,治疗该患者,加用何种药物对缓解喘憋效果好?(  )", "options": {"A": "氨茶碱", "B": "肾上腺皮质激素", "C": "α-糜蛋白酶雾化吸入", "D": "肾上腺素"}, "answer": "肾上腺皮质激素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "神经内分泌组织指(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经垂体", "B": "腺垂体", "C": "下丘脑", "D": "鞍区的颅咽管组织"}, "answer": "下丘脑", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "直肠癌术后,最常见用于检测复发的肿瘤标志物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CA199", "B": "CA153", "C": "CA242", "D": "CEA"}, "answer": "CEA", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "HIV与感染细胞膜上CD4分子结合的病毒刺突为(  )。", "options": {"A": "gp120", "B": "gp41", "C": "P24", "D": "P17"}, "answer": "gp120", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,30岁。因宫外孕休克入院手术治疗。体检;面色苍白,出冷汗,心率140次/min,血压8.0/5.3kPa(60/40mmHg),经充分准备后进行手术,手术后24小时尿量降为每日300ml,血压已恢复正常,血Cr为600μmol/L,48小时后血Cr为750μmol/L。1.有关少尿的病史采集中最重要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低血压的程度", "B": "低血压持续时间和程度", "C": "失血量多少", "D": "输液量多少"}, "answer": "低血压持续时间和程度", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于医疗机构的执业要求规定,医疗机构必须将以下哪项悬挂于明显处,除了?(  )", "options": {"A": "诊疗科目", "B": "诊疗医生", "C": "收费标准", "D": "诊疗时间"}, "answer": "诊疗医生", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,22岁,在读大学生。于半年前觉得其身材不够苗条,开始极端地限制饮食,每餐只吃青菜、水果及极少量米饭。喝水较少,称水喝多了会浮肿。体型日渐消瘦,但其仍认为偏胖。近1个月暴饮暴食,进食后为避免体重反弹而自行催吐,每周4~5次,并出现失眠,整夜难以入睡,情绪低落,不能坚持上课。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "非器质性失眠症", "B": "抑郁症伴贪食", "C": "神经性厌食", "D": "神经性贪食症"}, "answer": "神经性贪食症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肺心病患者出现心室颤动、心脏骤停以致突然死亡最常见的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性严重心肌缺氧", "B": "右心功能不全", "C": "左心功能不全", "D": "合并脑血管意外"}, "answer": "急性严重心肌缺氧", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.21-三体综合征特殊面容开始于(  )。", "options": {"A": "生后1岁左右", "B": "生后8~10个月", "C": "新生儿", "D": "生后1~2个月"}, "answer": "新生儿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.UGC、UGU都可编码半胱氨酸,属于密码的(  )。", "options": {"A": "通用性", "B": "连续性", "C": "简并性", "D": "特异性"}, "answer": "简并性", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,18岁,水肿少尿20天,近2天来出现发热,体温达38℃,检查BP 120/80mmHg,Hb 110g/L,尿常规白细胞10~15个/HP,尿蛋白(+++),红细胞3~5个/HP,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾病综合征合并泌尿系统感染", "B": "感染所致尿改变", "C": "急性肾盂肾炎", "D": "急性肾炎合并泌尿系统感染"}, "answer": "肾病综合征合并泌尿系统感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.上述哪项能干扰dUMP转变生成dTMP?(  )", "options": {"A": "甲氨蝶呤", "B": "阿糖胞苷", "C": "别嘌呤醇", "D": "6-巯基嘌呤"}, "answer": "甲氨蝶呤", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "传导速度最快的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "窦房结", "B": "心室肌", "C": "房室交界", "D": "浦肯野纤维"}, "answer": "浦肯野纤维", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "压缩性骨折最常发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "股骨头", "B": "肱骨头", "C": "椎体", "D": "腕舟状骨"}, "answer": "椎体", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下激素与人类神经系统发育最有关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺激素", "B": "生长激素", "C": "肾上腺素", "D": "甲状旁腺激素"}, "answer": "甲状腺激素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "死后组织自溶与生前组织坏死区别的主要病变依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞核溶解消失情况", "B": "组织轮廓存在的情况", "C": "胞浆结构崩解情况", "D": "病变周围有无炎症反应"}, "answer": "病变周围有无炎症反应", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一位新入院的病人正等候检查(或手术)。1.术前准备应当是(  )。", "options": {"A": "放松疗法", "B": "药物治疗", "C": "认知疗法", "D": "综合运用以上方法"}, "answer": "综合运用以上方法", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "动作电位的传导特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "相对于突触传递易疲劳", "B": "易受内环境因素影响", "C": "非“全或无”式", "D": "双向性"}, "answer": "双向性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5岁女孩,自幼身体瘦弱,易患感冒。查体:心前区稍隆起,未触及震颤,胸骨左缘第2肋间可闻及Ⅱ级收缩期杂音,P2亢进,固定分裂。2.最可能出现的心电图改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "P-R间期延长", "B": "不完全性右束支传导阻滞", "C": "左前分支阻滞", "D": "左心室肥厚"}, "answer": "不完全性右束支传导阻滞", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "再生障碍性贫血的诊断,下列选项不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热、出血、贫血", "B": "一般无肝脾和淋巴结肿大", "C": "中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶阳性率和积分减低", "D": "骨髓可呈灶性增生,但巨核细胞减少"}, "answer": "中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶阳性率和积分减低", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者右侧肢体无力一年余,查体右上肢下运动神经元瘫,肌力4级,右下肢上运动神经元瘫,肌力3级,其病变部位为(  )。", "options": {"A": "左上胸髓部", "B": "双侧颈膨大部", "C": "左侧颈膨大部", "D": "右侧颈膨大部"}, "answer": "右侧颈膨大部", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "12岁男孩,跌跤后当晚自感全身不适,发热,左膝部疼痛,经用青霉素3日无效来院。查体:左股骨下端肿胀,有局限性深压痛,膝关节内有积液,活动障碍,潮红不明显,体温39.5℃。白细胞计数18×109/L,中性粒细胞0.9,血沉80mm/h。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "化脓性膝关节炎", "B": "股骨下端化脓性骨髓炎", "C": "创伤性膝关节炎", "D": "股骨下端骨肉瘤"}, "answer": "股骨下端化脓性骨髓炎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.肛诊检查触及不规则肿物,质硬、固定,最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直肠癌", "B": "肛瘘", "C": "内痔", "D": "直肠息肉"}, "answer": "直肠癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "组成谷胱甘肽的氨基酸是(  )。", "options": {"A": "谷氨酸、半胱氨酸和甘氨酸", "B": "谷氨酸、胱氨酸和甘氨酸", "C": "谷氨酸、同型半胱氨酸和甘氨酸", "D": "谷氨酰胺、半胱氨酸和甘氨酸"}, "answer": "谷氨酸、半胱氨酸和甘氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,3岁,眼睑及双下肢明显浮肿,少尿1周。查体:精神状态尚好,眼睑浮肿,双下肢呈凹陷性水肿,血压90/60mmHg,心肺正常。尿常规:蛋白质(+++),红细胞0~3个/HP。血浆总蛋白45g/L,清蛋白22g/L。抗“O”正常,C3补体正常,胆固醇11.2mmol/L。1.该患儿诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯性肾病", "B": "急性肾炎", "C": "急进性肾炎", "D": "病毒性肾炎"}, "answer": "单纯性肾病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项为我国肾综合征出血热的主要传染源?(  )", "options": {"A": "小家鼠", "B": "东方田鼠", "C": "黑家鼠", "D": "黑线姬鼠"}, "answer": "黑线姬鼠", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.肠伤寒(  )。", "options": {"A": "溃疡长轴与肠的长轴平行", "B": "溃疡长轴与肠的长轴垂直", "C": "肠黏膜有大小不等溃疡,严重者至肠腔狭窄", "D": "溃疡大小形状不一,呈地图状"}, "answer": "溃疡长轴与肠的长轴平行", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.慢性腹泻(  )。", "options": {"A": "病程<2周", "B": "病程2周~2个月", "C": "病程2周~6个月", "D": "病程>2个月"}, "answer": "病程>2个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,28岁。婚后5年未孕,月经稀发,肥胖,多毛。妇科检查:子宫未见异常,双侧卵巢稍大。基础体温单相。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多囊卵巢综合征", "B": "生殖器结核", "C": "卵巢早衰", "D": "子宫内膜异位症"}, "answer": "多囊卵巢综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心理卫生应从何时抓起?(  )", "options": {"A": "胎儿期", "B": "乳儿期", "C": "新生儿期", "D": "幼儿期"}, "answer": "胎儿期", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列呼吸系统疾病中主要表现为呼气性呼吸困难的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺水肿", "B": "肺气肿", "C": "肺纤维化", "D": "气管异物"}, "answer": "肺气肿", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性胃溃疡最常见的合并症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癌变", "B": "出血", "C": "穿孔", "D": "幽门狭窄"}, "answer": "出血", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对快动眼睡眠时相影响小,成瘾性较轻的催眠药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "哌替啶", "B": "地西泮", "C": "氯丙嗪", "D": "苯巴比妥"}, "answer": "地西泮", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列各项中最能支持慢性胰腺炎诊断的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "反复发作上腹痛", "B": "血糖增高", "C": "B超检查胰腺增大", "D": "CT检查胰腺增大,有钙化影"}, "answer": "CT检查胰腺增大,有钙化影", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪种氨基酸是生酮氨基酸?(  )", "options": {"A": "谷氨酸", "B": "亮氨酸", "C": "甘氨酸", "D": "蛋氨酸"}, "answer": "亮氨酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是锡克试验的原理?(  )", "options": {"A": "Ⅰ型变态反应", "B": "Ⅱ型变态反应", "C": "Ⅲ型变态反应", "D": "中和试验"}, "answer": "中和试验", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,55岁。尿频、排尿困难、尿不成线1年余。曾发生急性尿潴留。经检查确诊为良性前列腺增生。肺、肝、肾功能检查未见异常。1.最佳的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "长期留置导尿管", "B": "服用5α-还原酶抑制剂", "C": "手术治疗", "D": "抗感染治疗"}, "answer": "手术治疗", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,75岁,摔倒后右髋部着地,起身行走后感觉右髋关节处疼痛,入院后体检:测右侧踝关节到同侧大转子问的距离较左下肢短缩。右下肢轻度外旋,右髋关节处无明显肿胀畸形,右下肢纵向叩击痛明显。5.若患者术后2年出现同侧髋关节疼痛,关节囊空虚,患肢呈弹性固定。可能出现的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "股骨头缺血坏死", "B": "髋关节结核", "C": "人工股骨头脱位", "D": "急性化脓性髋关节炎"}, "answer": "人工股骨头脱位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "脑出血引起肾衰竭的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾后性肾衰竭", "B": "急性肾小管坏死", "C": "肾性肾衰竭", "D": "肾盂肾炎"}, "answer": "急性肾小管坏死", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.可用于人造载体的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素", "B": "ABO血型物质", "C": "二硝基苯酚", "D": "BSA"}, "answer": "二硝基苯酚", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "精神分裂症最多见的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "物理影响妄想", "B": "关系被害妄想", "C": "夸大妄想", "D": "嫉妒妄想"}, "answer": "关系被害妄想", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医师在执业活动中,有下述行为之一的,由县级以上人民政府卫生行政部门给予警告或者责令暂停6个月以上1年以下执业活动,情节严重的,吊销其执业证书,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "未经亲自诊查、调查,签署诊断、治疗或者出生、死亡等证明文件的", "B": "由于不负责任延误急危病重患者的抢救和诊治,造成严重后果的", "C": "使用麻醉药品、医疗用毒性药品、精神药品和放射性药品的", "D": "隐匿、伪造或者擅自销毁医学文书及有关资料的"}, "answer": "使用麻醉药品、医疗用毒性药品、精神药品和放射性药品的", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对高血压合并糖尿病患者,血压控制在(  )。", "options": {"A": "130/80mmHg", "B": "135/85mmHg", "C": "140/90mmHg", "D": "150/90mmHg"}, "answer": "130/80mmHg", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,40岁。精神分裂症病史18年,第3次入院。入院后予氟哌啶醇治疗,3天后加至30mg/d,第7天出现肌肉僵硬、震颤,吞咽困难,T 39.8℃,意识不清,大汗,血肌酸磷酸酶增高。3.针对该患者的情况,有特效的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "β受体阻滞剂", "B": "多巴胺受体激动剂", "C": "广谱抗生素", "D": "苯二氮类药物"}, "answer": "多巴胺受体激动剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.腹股沟疝修补术,切口愈合良好(  )。", "options": {"A": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅰ/甲”", "B": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅲ/丙”", "C": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅱ/甲”", "D": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅳ/甲”"}, "answer": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅰ/甲”", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,26岁。停经7周,突觉右下腹剧痛伴休克,面色苍白。为确诊,进行的最简便、有效的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阴道后穹隆穿刺", "B": "腹腔镜检查", "C": "宫腔镜检查", "D": "阴道镜检查"}, "answer": "阴道后穹隆穿刺", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,60岁,因呼吸困难2天住院,住院时突然出现晕厥,既往2年前有广泛前壁心肌梗死病史。2.在没有其他检查的情况下,对该患者最有效的处理为(  )。", "options": {"A": "电除颤", "B": "心脏按压", "C": "口对口人工呼吸", "D": "静脉给予多巴胺"}, "answer": "电除颤", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.疑为子宫内膜不规则脱落时诊刮的时间应选在(  )。", "options": {"A": "月经期2~3日", "B": "月经期5~6日", "C": "月经干净3~7日", "D": "月经干净10~14日"}, "answer": "月经期5~6日", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.特发性失神发作首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙戊酸钠", "B": "乙琥胺", "C": "苯妥英钠", "D": "ACTH"}, "answer": "乙琥胺", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "典型的大肠杆菌的生化反应结果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳糖(-),IMViC(+、-、-、-)", "B": "乳糖(+),IMViC(+、+、-、-)", "C": "乳糖(-),IMViC(+、+、-、-)", "D": "乳糖(-),IMViC(+、+、+、-)"}, "answer": "乳糖(+),IMViC(+、+、-、-)", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在基因表达的多级调控中,基因表达的基本控制点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "基因激活", "B": "转录起始", "C": "转录后加工", "D": "翻译后加工"}, "answer": "转录起始", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,45岁,体检发现血压150/96mmHg,心率80次/min,血糖8.0mmol/L,HbAlc 8.0%。2.选择该药的主要原因(  )。", "options": {"A": "降低心率", "B": "改善胰岛素抵抗", "C": "促进尿酸排泄", "D": "肾脏保护"}, "answer": "改善胰岛素抵抗", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列烧伤创面清创方法中应除外(  )。", "options": {"A": "剃除创周毛发", "B": "剪除一切水疱", "C": "移去坏死表皮", "D": "以灭菌溶液轻拭创面"}, "answer": "剪除一切水疱", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.葡萄球菌肺炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "喘憋为突出表现", "B": "咳频、喘憋、发绀", "C": "常见猩红热样或荨麻疹样皮疹", "D": "刺激性咳嗽为突出表现"}, "answer": "常见猩红热样或荨麻疹样皮疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肠管无生机的根据错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "相应的肠系膜终末小动脉无搏动", "B": "肠管的颜色变黑", "C": "肠管对刺激有反应,能收缩", "D": "肠管无蠕动能力"}, "answer": "肠管对刺激有反应,能收缩", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "抗心律失常谱广而t1/2长的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "普萘洛尔", "B": "胺碘酮", "C": "普罗帕酮", "D": "普鲁卡因胺"}, "answer": "胺碘酮", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在电镜下,萎缩细胞最显著的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "线粒体增多", "B": "粗面内质网增多", "C": "自噬泡增多", "D": "滑面内质网增多"}, "answer": "自噬泡增多", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪一项最符合乳头状瘤的特征?(  )", "options": {"A": "发生于腺上皮的良性肿瘤", "B": "不发生恶性变", "C": "呈外生性生长的肿瘤", "D": "肿瘤无间质成分"}, "answer": "呈外生性生长的肿瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性农民,42岁,于1月初发病,头痛、发热、恶心、呕吐2天后来院门诊,此时可见颜面潮红、咽部充血、腹肌紧张、全腹压痛、皮下淤血,自昨晚起无尿,其诊断为何病更恰当(  )。", "options": {"A": "急腹症", "B": "病毒性肝炎", "C": "肾综合征出血热", "D": "过敏性疾病"}, "answer": "肾综合征出血热", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "20岁,男性。夜间骑自行车,头朝下跌于壕沟,发生四肢不全瘫,X线片显示齿状突骨折伴半脱位,此时在治疗上最先采取的措施,是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅骨牵引固定", "B": "吊带牵引", "C": "环枕固定术", "D": "切开复位内固定"}, "answer": "颅骨牵引固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "脊髓闰绍细胞构成的抑制称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "周围性抑制", "B": "侧支性抑制", "C": "去极化抑制", "D": "回返性抑制"}, "answer": "回返性抑制", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "治疗缺铁性贫血,口服铁剂正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "三价铁比二价铁易吸收", "B": "一般为每次1~2mmol/kg", "C": "餐后用药", "D": "服药3周无效,应考虑是否有诊断错误"}, "answer": "服药3周无效,应考虑是否有诊断错误", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,32岁,右腕痛1个月,右腕桡侧掌面可见隆起,局限性压痛(+),可触及黄豆粒大小之结节,Finkelstein征(+),其诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "风湿性关节炎", "B": "桡骨茎突狭窄性腱鞘炎", "C": "神经纤维瘤", "D": "腕关节结核"}, "answer": "桡骨茎突狭窄性腱鞘炎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,40岁。发现血尿、蛋白尿5年。查体:BP 150/90mmHg,双下肢轻度凹陷性水肿。实验室检查:尿蛋白1.0~1.7g/d,尿RBC 5~15/HP,Scr 100μmol/L。B超示双肾大小正常。1.该患者首先考虑的临床诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "无症状性蛋白尿和(或)血尿", "B": "急性肾小球肾炎", "C": "慢性肾小球肾炎", "D": "高血压肾损害"}, "answer": "慢性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,30岁。近1年来常低头不语,失眠头痛,对事物不感兴趣,对工作学习无信心,责怪埋怨自己对家庭、社会没有任何价值,曾有轻生念头并切腕自杀未遂。自感脑子开动不起来,不愿活动,食欲差,睡眠不好。病前无明显精神因素,体检及神经系统检查未见异常。2.以上病例应给予的治疗药物为(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯丙嗪", "B": "阿米替林", "C": "舒乐安定", "D": "脑复康"}, "answer": "阿米替林", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于肝淤血时,下述哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "肝细胞萎缩", "B": "肝细胞脂肪变性", "C": "肝血窦扩张", "D": "小叶间静脉扩张、肝血窦狭窄"}, "answer": "小叶间静脉扩张、肝血窦狭窄", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,15岁,近3个月口渴多饮,多尿,消瘦明显;体检:身高167cm,体重58kg,心、肺、腹(一);化验:空腹血糖19.0mmol/L,尿糖(+),尿酮体(+)。3.应按下列哪项方案制定饮食治疗措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "按实际体重计算饮食", "B": "按标准体重计算饮食,糖类越少越好", "C": "按标准体重计算饮食,参考实际体重逐步调整", "D": "按标准体重计算饮食,增加蛋白质比例"}, "answer": "按标准体重计算饮食,参考实际体重逐步调整", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "血液中CO2浓度对呼吸的调节主要是通过(  )。", "options": {"A": "刺激外周化学感受器", "B": "直接刺激中枢化学感受器", "C": "直接刺激脑桥调整中枢", "D": "扩散入脑脊液,转变产生H+而刺激中枢化学感受器"}, "answer": "扩散入脑脊液,转变产生H+而刺激中枢化学感受器", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "脊髓灰质炎初种的年龄应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1个月", "B": "2个月", "C": "4个月", "D": "5个月"}, "answer": "2个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.人类病毒性心肌炎的重要病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溶脲脲原体", "B": "柯萨奇B组病毒", "C": "炭疽芽胞杆菌", "D": "汉坦病毒"}, "answer": "柯萨奇B组病毒", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "子宫肌瘤患者与临床症状轻重关系最密切的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌瘤数目", "B": "肌瘤大小", "C": "肌瘤与肌壁关系", "D": "肌瘤生长部位"}, "answer": "肌瘤与肌壁关系", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "α-酮酸可转变生成的物质是(  )", "options": {"A": "CO2和H2O", "B": "营养必需脂肪酸", "C": "营养必需氨基酸", "D": "维生素E"}, "answer": "CO2和H2O", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "母乳性黄疸出现的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生后2~3天", "B": "生后4~7天", "C": "生后8~9天", "D": "生后10天"}, "answer": "生后4~7天", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性再障的首发和主要表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "贫血", "B": "子宫出血", "C": "胃肠道出血", "D": "感染"}, "answer": "贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "佝偻病骨样组织堆积的表现,以下错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肋骨串珠", "B": "手、脚镯征", "C": "方颅", "D": "“O”形腿"}, "answer": "“O”形腿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不属于开放性损伤的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "撕裂伤", "B": "盲管伤", "C": "挤压伤", "D": "反跳伤"}, "answer": "挤压伤", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.可直接与TCR结合诱导T细胞凋亡的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内源性抗原", "B": "外源性抗原", "C": "TD抗原", "D": "超抗原"}, "answer": "超抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,75岁。进行性排尿困难6个月,直肠指诊发现前列腺右侧有2cm×2cm硬结,1周后行PSA检查为120ng/ml,核素全身骨扫描示骨盆及腰椎系统反射性浓聚区,诊断为前列腺癌骨转移。对此患者目前最适宜的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "根治性前列腺切除+放射治疗", "B": "根治性前列腺切除+盆腔淋巴结清扫", "C": "前列腺切除+综合治疗", "D": "双睾丸切除+抗雄激素药物+放射治疗"}, "answer": "双睾丸切除+抗雄激素药物+放射治疗", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "钩端螺旋体病凝集溶解试验阳性效价是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1:100", "B": "1:300", "C": "1:400", "D": "1:800"}, "answer": "1:400", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "昼夜尿量少于多少为婴幼儿少尿(  )。", "options": {"A": "150ml", "B": "200ml", "C": "400ml", "D": "500ml"}, "answer": "200ml", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性骨盆骨折合并泌尿系损伤,最常见的损伤部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿道阴茎部", "B": "尿道球部", "C": "尿道膜部", "D": "尿道前列腺部"}, "answer": "尿道膜部", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "继发性腹膜炎的腹痛特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "逐渐加重的阵发性腹痛", "B": "剧烈、持续性全腹痛,原发部位显著", "C": "高热后全腹痛", "D": "持续阵发性刺痛"}, "answer": "剧烈、持续性全腹痛,原发部位显著", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.与食管腺癌发病关系密切的病理改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Barrett上皮", "B": "胃上皮化生", "C": "乳头状瘤", "D": "胃黏膜上皮细胞异形增生"}, "answer": "Barrett上皮", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.无明显自觉症状的原发性肺结核应用(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗结核标准疗法", "B": "抗结核三阶段疗法", "C": "抗结核中程疗法", "D": "结核病的预防性化疗"}, "answer": "抗结核标准疗法", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪一项不是补体的生物学功能?(  )", "options": {"A": "促进吞噬", "B": "细胞毒作用", "C": "促炎症作用", "D": "特异性免疫作用"}, "answer": "特异性免疫作用", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪一项符合急性淋巴细胞性白血病?(  )", "options": {"A": "为儿童最多见的急性白血病", "B": "易发生DIC出血严重", "C": "化疗效果差", "D": "中枢神经系统白血病少见"}, "answer": "为儿童最多见的急性白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是不适用于培养病毒的方法?(  )", "options": {"A": "适龄鸡胚接种", "B": "组织器官培养", "C": "易感动物接种", "D": "人工合成培样"}, "answer": "人工合成培样", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "细胞内含量最丰富的RNA是(  )。", "options": {"A": "miRNA", "B": "tRNA", "C": "rRNA", "D": "hnRNA"}, "answer": "rRNA", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "处理下肢大隐静脉曲张的主要办法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "穿弹力袜或用弹力绷带", "B": "硬化剂注射和压迫疗法", "C": "高位结扎抽剥大隐静脉,并结扎功能不全的交通静脉", "D": "内科药物治疗"}, "answer": "高位结扎抽剥大隐静脉,并结扎功能不全的交通静脉", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "阿司匹林不具有的不良反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Reye综合征", "B": "荨麻疹等过敏反应", "C": "白细胞减少", "D": "水杨酸反应"}, "answer": "白细胞减少", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "业务员纪某因身体不适去医院就诊,被初步诊断为疑似传染性非典型肺炎,并被实施单独隔离治疗。2天后,纪某厌倦了被隔离治疗的状态,要求出院;医院反复劝说,不予批准。纪某于当晚溜出医院并回家;医院发现纪某失踪后立即向有关部门报告。家人得知纪某情况后动员其尽快返回医院接受隔离治疗,被纪某拒绝。2.纪某接受隔离治疗后又擅自脱离医院的角色行为属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "角色行为冲突", "B": "角色行为缺如", "C": "角色行为强化", "D": "角色行为减退"}, "answer": "角色行为减退", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "目前对艾滋病的治疗下列各项中尚不能肯定其疗效而需要继续研究的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗病毒治疗", "B": "免疫治疗", "C": "对症及支持治疗", "D": "预防性治疗"}, "answer": "免疫治疗", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.出现于轻微病变性肾小球肾炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球内皮细胞下免疫复合物", "B": "肾小球基底膜和上皮细胞间驼峰状免疫复合物", "C": "肾小球基底膜和上皮细胞间免疫复合物", "D": "肾小球内无免疫复合物"}, "answer": "肾小球内无免疫复合物", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,64岁,持续胸痛4小时,突然出现头晕。查体:BP 95/65mmHg,心率32次/min,心律齐。心电图:Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联ST段弓背向上抬高0.3mV,V1~V5导联ST段压低0.2mV,QRS波群时限0.14秒。该患者最可能出现的心律失常是(  )。", "options": {"A": "二度窦房传导阻滞", "B": "三度房室传导阻滞", "C": "心房扑动", "D": "窭性心动过缓"}, "answer": "三度房室传导阻滞", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "判断疝是否绞窄的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "疝内容物是否有血循环障碍", "B": "疝内容物是否能完全回纳", "C": "嵌顿时间的长短", "D": "有无肠梗阻表现"}, "answer": "疝内容物是否有血循环障碍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "8月女婴,生后一直人工喂养,尚未加辅食,近日时有夜惊多汗,今日突然惊厥发作,四肢抖动,面色苍白,约1分钟自行缓解,抽后玩耍如常,近二日流涕,但无发热及咳嗽,查体:营养发育较差,前囱平坦,方颅,颈强(-),心肺正常。2.若在就诊时再度惊厥发作,急救措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即10%水台氯醛0.5~1ml/(kg·次)灌肠,然后给予葡萄糖酸钙静注", "B": "立即维生素D330万U肌注一次,然后给予葡萄糖酸钙静注", "C": "立即10%葡萄糖酸钙5~10ml加入5%葡萄糖10~20ml中静注", "D": "20%甘露醇0.5~1g/(kg.次)静注"}, "answer": "立即10%水台氯醛0.5~1ml/(kg·次)灌肠,然后给予葡萄糖酸钙静注", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "临终关怀的伦理意义表现在(  )。", "options": {"A": "它有利于建立和谐社会", "B": "它体现生命神圣,质量和价值的统一", "C": "它理解临终病人的需求", "D": "它同情和关心临终病人的家属"}, "answer": "它体现生命神圣,质量和价值的统一", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女孩,2岁,自幼牛乳喂养,未按要求添加辅食,有时腹泻,逐渐消瘦。查体:身高80cm,体重7000g,皮下脂肪减少,腹壁皮下脂肪厚度<0.4cm,皮肤干燥、苍白,肌张力明最减低,肌肉松弛,脉搏缓慢,心音较低钝。2.假设此患儿晨起面色苍白、神志不清、体温不升、呼吸暂停。首先应考虑最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性心力衰竭", "B": "重度脱水伴休克", "C": "低钙血症引起的喉痉挛", "D": "自发性低血糖"}, "answer": "自发性低血糖", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,40岁。近5个月来上腹胀痛,反酸,近3个月来反复呕吐,呕吐物为酸性宿食,按幽门梗阻内科治疗5天后缓解。2.如内科治疗1周不见好转,应如何处理?(  )", "options": {"A": "继续胃肠减压,补液", "B": "手术治疗", "C": "抗酸治疗", "D": "口服胃黏膜保护剂"}, "answer": "手术治疗", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "骨盆骨折后急诊导不出尿液时首先需考虑除外(  )。", "options": {"A": "膀胱破裂", "B": "后尿道损伤", "C": "出血性休克", "D": "肾衰无尿"}, "answer": "后尿道损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,28岁。停经3个月,早孕反应消失,阴道少许流血2天。妇科检查:宫口闭,子宫如妊娠8周大,质软,双侧附件区未触及异常。3.该患者正确的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "继续观察1周", "B": "孕激素保胎治疗", "C": "雌激素治疗后刮宫", "D": "孕激素治疗后刮宫"}, "answer": "雌激素治疗后刮宫", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "降结肠癌最常见的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "恶心、呕吐", "B": "大量频繁腹泻", "C": "排便习惯改变", "D": "左腹部触及肿块"}, "answer": "排便习惯改变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "慢性支气管炎的病变不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "黏膜上皮鳞化", "B": "支气管内有大量泡沫细胞", "C": "支气管壁有大量慢性炎症细胞浸润", "D": "支气管软骨变性萎缩"}, "answer": "支气管内有大量泡沫细胞", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性肾炎患儿饮食中盐分必须限制到(  )。", "options": {"A": "全部症状消失", "B": "浮肿消退,蛋白尿消失", "C": "浮肿消退,血压正常", "D": "浮肿消退,镜下血尿消失"}, "answer": "浮肿消退,血压正常", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是细菌内毒素的特征?(  )", "options": {"A": "只有革兰阴性细菌产生", "B": "细菌在生活状态下释放", "C": "抗原性强", "D": "不耐热"}, "answer": "只有革兰阴性细菌产生", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "甘油三酯合成的基本原料是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甘油", "B": "胆固醇酯", "C": "鞘氨醇", "D": "胆固醇"}, "answer": "甘油", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "采用TNM分期,膀胱肿瘤浸润浅肌层的分期是(  )。", "options": {"A": "T1期", "B": "T3a期", "C": "Ta期", "D": "T2a期"}, "answer": "T2a期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.痈的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有波动感和压痛", "B": "红肿病灶与正常组织无明显界限", "C": "病灶呈浅状红晕,边界清楚,有压痛", "D": "感染灶质地坚硬,表面有多个黄色脓点"}, "answer": "感染灶质地坚硬,表面有多个黄色脓点", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.方颅多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "3~6个月", "B": "6个月以上,", "C": "8~9个月以上", "D": "12个月"}, "answer": "8~9个月以上", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者诊断肾综合征出血热,少尿期,并发高血容量综合征,经控制输液利尿、导泻仍不见改善,并出现呼吸困难、肺水肿,尿素氮40mmol/L,此时最佳的治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量护肾药的应用", "B": "透析疗法", "C": "停止补液", "D": "放血"}, "answer": "透析疗法", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.伤寒杆菌产生(  )。", "options": {"A": "红疹毒素", "B": "肠毒素", "C": "神经毒素", "D": "内毒素"}, "answer": "内毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.甲状腺腺瘤切除术,切口愈合良好(  )。", "options": {"A": "切口分类及愈合纪录为Ⅰ/甲", "B": "切口分类及愈合纪录为Ⅱ/乙", "C": "切口分类及愈合纪录为Ⅱ/丙", "D": "切口分类及愈合纪录为Ⅲ/甲"}, "answer": "切口分类及愈合纪录为Ⅰ/甲", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在颅内压的生理调节机制中起主要作用的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅骨的弹性", "B": "脑血流量", "C": "脑脊液", "D": "脑血管阻力"}, "answer": "脑脊液", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "人从光亮处进入黑暗的地方,要过一会才能看得清楚,这种现象叫做暗适应。其原理为(  )。", "options": {"A": "感觉阈限升高,感受性增强", "B": "感觉阈限升高,感受性减弱", "C": "感觉阈限降低,感受性减弱", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "感觉阈限升高,感受性减弱", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医师在执业活动中享受的权利有(  )。", "options": {"A": "履行医师职责", "B": "从事医学研究", "C": "遵守技术规范", "D": "遵守职业道德"}, "answer": "从事医学研究", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "参与免疫应答的细胞表面都具有(  )。", "options": {"A": "MHC编码的产物", "B": "CD3分子", "C": "抗原识别受体", "D": "补体受体"}, "answer": "MHC编码的产物", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.衣原体在细胞内的繁殖型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "始体", "B": "原体", "C": "革兰阳性圆形体", "D": "革兰阴性圆形体"}, "answer": "始体", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,突发寒战,体温39℃左右,腹泻十余次,伴里急后重,便为稀便,很快转化为脓血便,便常规红细胞5/HP,白细胞10/HP,脓细胞(++)。2.该患者如确诊,还需何种检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "粪便细菌培养", "B": "血常规", "C": "尿常规", "D": "血细菌培养"}, "answer": "粪便细菌培养", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,22岁。一年来反复洗手、洗衣物,总担心洗不干净或者碰到脏东西。明知道担心过分却不能自已。为此不能正常工作和做家务,苦恼万分。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "强迫障碍", "B": "疑病障碍", "C": "恐惧性焦虑障碍", "D": "妄想性障碍"}, "answer": "强迫障碍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项具有MHC限制性(  )。", "options": {"A": "ADCC", "B": "补体介导的细胞溶解", "C": "Tc杀伤靶细胞", "D": "B细胞识别抗原"}, "answer": "Tc杀伤靶细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "最常引起代谢性碱中毒的电解质紊乱是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低钾血症", "B": "低镁血症", "C": "低钙血症", "D": "高钠血症"}, "answer": "低钾血症", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "革兰阴性杆菌败血症发热特点为(  )。", "options": {"A": "有寒战,发热呈间歇热", "B": "有寒战,发热呈稽留热", "C": "元寒战,发热呈间歇热", "D": "无寒战,发热呈弛张热"}, "answer": "有寒战,发热呈间歇热", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.终板电位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "局部电位", "B": "静息电位", "C": "阈电位", "D": "突触后电位"}, "answer": "局部电位", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "“克隆”某一目的DNA的过程不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "基因载体的选择与构建", "B": "外源基因与载体的拼接", "C": "筛选并无性繁殖含重组分子的受体细胞", "D": "表达目的基因编码的蛋白质"}, "answer": "表达目的基因编码的蛋白质", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,22岁。受凉后出现寒战、发热、咳嗽,咳少许黏痰3天,自服“感冒药”后热退。查体:T 39.5℃,急性病容,右肺呼吸音减弱,语音震颤增强,血WBC 13.4×109/L,N 0.87。胸部X线片显示右下肺大片状模糊阴影。该患者抗感染治疗不宜首选的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素", "B": "左氧氟沙星", "C": "头孢曲松", "D": "阿米卡星"}, "answer": "阿米卡星", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,45岁,车祸致头部外伤伴昏迷1小时入院,查体:P 55次/分,R 12次/分,BP 170/100mmHg,右侧顶枕部头皮血肿,GCS评分7分,左侧瞳孔直径4mm,对光反应消失,右侧瞳孔直径2mm,右侧肢体偏瘫,头颅CT示左颞叶脑内高密度影,体积约60ml。左额、颞面广泛斑点状高密度影,致同侧脑室受压,中线向右移位1.5cm。2.可能的损伤机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "加速性损伤", "B": "挥鞭伤", "C": "挤压伤", "D": "减速性损伤"}, "answer": "减速性损伤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "8岁患儿,胸骨左缘第3~4肋间听到响亮而粗糙的收缩期杂音,应考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "室间隔缺损", "B": "二尖瓣关闭不全", "C": "动脉导管未闭", "D": "肺动脉瓣狭窄"}, "answer": "室间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "目前治疗SLE的最常用的基础药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "非甾体抗炎药", "B": "氯喹或羟氯喹", "C": "雷公藤多苷", "D": "泼尼松"}, "answer": "泼尼松", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小脑幕切迹疝同侧瞳孔散大是因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "同侧动眼神经受压", "B": "双侧动眼神经受压", "C": "原发病灶侵犯动眼神经", "D": "视神经受压"}, "answer": "同侧动眼神经受压", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "初产妇,足月,分娩过程中予以胎头吸引器加会阴侧切助产,胎盘胎膜完整。产后4小时阴道流血约500mL。查体:血压90/60mmHg,脉搏100次/分,宫底脐上三横指,轮廓清,阴道口少量活动性流血,可凝固。1.导致出血最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫收缩乏力", "B": "凝血功能障碍", "C": "胎盘残留", "D": "尿潴留"}, "answer": "尿潴留", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "猩红热的皮疹出现在发热后(  )。", "options": {"A": "12小时之内", "B": "12~48小时", "C": "49~60小时", "D": "大于72小时"}, "answer": "12~48小时", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "脊髓灰质炎初种的年龄应自什么时候开始?(  )", "options": {"A": "1个月", "B": "2个月", "C": "4个月", "D": "5个月"}, "answer": "2个月", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.意志行动中善于控制自己的行动、约束自己言行的心理品质是意志的(  )。", "options": {"A": "自觉性", "B": "坚韧性", "C": "自制性", "D": "独立性"}, "answer": "自制性", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "糖尿病肾病特征性的病理改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球硬化", "B": "微血管瘤破裂出血", "C": "毛细血管孔径增大", "D": "毛细血管基底膜增厚"}, "answer": "肾小球硬化", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "以下是苯二氮类抗焦虑药物的主要作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神松弛", "B": "精神和肌肉都松弛", "C": "阻断多巴胺受体", "D": "肌肉松弛"}, "answer": "精神松弛", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "新生儿贫血是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "Hb<220g/L", "B": "Hb<180g/L", "C": "Hb<145g/L", "D": "Hb<100g/L"}, "answer": "Hb<145g/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.出生后3~5个月应该接种(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹疫苗", "B": "百日咳、白喉、破伤风混合制剂", "C": "卡介苗", "D": "乙型肝炎疫苗"}, "answer": "百日咳、白喉、破伤风混合制剂", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "启动子是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "与RNA聚合酶结合的DNA序列", "B": "DNA分子中能转录的序列", "C": "有转录终止信号的序列", "D": "与顺式作用元件结合的序列"}, "answer": "与RNA聚合酶结合的DNA序列", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.中心静脉压高、血压低(  )。", "options": {"A": "血容量不足", "B": "容量血管过度收缩", "C": "心功能不全或血容量相对过多", "D": "心功能不全或血容量不足"}, "answer": "心功能不全或血容量相对过多", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.同一胚叶分化成熟组织、转化另一种成熟组织的过程(  )。", "options": {"A": "化生", "B": "分化", "C": "再生", "D": "增生"}, "answer": "化生", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不属于第二代抗精神药物的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "奎地平", "B": "利培酮", "C": "奥氮平", "D": "舒必利"}, "answer": "舒必利", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "喹诺酮类药物的抗菌谱不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "大肠杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌", "B": "立克次体和螺旋体", "C": "结核杆菌和厌氧杆菌", "D": "金葡菌和产酶金葡菌"}, "answer": "立克次体和螺旋体", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,55岁。上腹疼痛8小时。进食高脂餐并饮酒后出现上腹痛,呕吐2次后疼痛无缓解。查体:T 37.8℃,巩膜轻度黄染,心肺未见异常,上腹偏左压痛、反跳痛阳性。3.若血WBC 17.5×109/L,N 0.85,抗生素选择发热最佳配伍是甲硝唑和(  )。", "options": {"A": "环丙沙星", "B": "阿奇霉素", "C": "克林霉素", "D": "头孢拉定"}, "answer": "环丙沙星", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "原发性三又神经痛的治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "上颌支纯酒精注射", "B": "三叉神经感觉根切断术", "C": "抗癫痫药物治疗", "D": "三叉神经微血管减压术"}, "answer": "抗癫痫药物治疗", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有一名30岁车祸头部受伤病人,深昏迷,刺激时有去大脑强直发作,CT未见颅内血肿及脑挫伤,环池未受压,诊断应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑挫伤", "B": "轴素损伤", "C": "脑干损伤", "D": "颅底骨折"}, "answer": "脑干损伤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.日本血吸虫病的异位损害主要由何者沉积引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "虫卵", "B": "毛蚴", "C": "子胞蚴", "D": "尾蚴"}, "answer": "虫卵", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,50岁。2年来反复发作胸骨后疼痛,发作和劳累关系不大,常在凌晨5时发作。发作时含硝酸甘油可缓解。平时心电图示:I、aVL导联ST段水平压低0.05mV,发作时心电图Ⅰ、aVL导联ST段一过性抬高。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "变异型心绞痛", "B": "劳力性心绞痛", "C": "心绞痛合并心包炎", "D": "卧位性心绞痛"}, "answer": "变异型心绞痛", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有关他汀类药物药理作用描述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可以降低TC", "B": "可以降低LDL-C", "C": "可以降低HDL-C", "D": "使VLDL合成减少"}, "answer": "可以降低HDL-C", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.感染神经细胞可形成内基小体的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "人乳头瘤病毒", "B": "森林脑炎病毒", "C": "狂犬病病毒", "D": "柯萨奇病毒"}, "answer": "狂犬病病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一健康儿,前囟容指尖,出牙10颗,体重10kg,能独自走稳,会用匙,会说单词。其年龄大约是(  )。", "options": {"A": "10个月", "B": "12个月", "C": "13个月", "D": "15个月"}, "answer": "15个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于疾病监测的论述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "疾病监测是一种横向研究", "B": "疾病监测获得的信息应该纵向反馈,而不能横向反馈", "C": "漏报调查属于主动监测", "D": "常规报告系统是一种主动监测"}, "answer": "漏报调查属于主动监测", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "骨折治疗的基本原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "复位后固定,给予促进骨折愈合", "B": "手法复位,外固定,给予活血化瘀药物", "C": "切开复位,内固定,给予抗生素", "D": "复位后固定,并开始功能锻炼"}, "answer": "复位后固定,并开始功能锻炼", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "脑梗死临床表现中,不应有的症状或体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肢体瘫痪", "B": "头痛", "C": "抽搐", "D": "脑膜刺激征"}, "answer": "肢体瘫痪", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "介苗接种后所致结核菌素阳性反应是指硬结直径(  )。", "options": {"A": "<5mm,1~2天后反应消失", "B": "5~9mm,3~5天后反应消失", "C": "10~15 mm,1周后留有色素", "D": ">20mm,永不消失"}, "answer": "5~9mm,3~5天后反应消失", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者男性20岁,于某餐厅就餐后数小时出现头晕、恶心、呕吐等症状。实验室血琼脂平皿培养出现完全溶血环。培养滤液注射幼猫腹腔4小时后出现呕吐症状。此病就诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "鼠伤寒沙门菌引起的食物中毒", "B": "产气荚膜梭菌引起的食物中毒", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌引起的食物中毒", "D": "肉毒梭菌引起的食物中毒"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌引起的食物中毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,35岁。腹胀、腹部隐痛伴低热3个月。突发脐周绞痛6小时,呕吐数次,无排气,排便。2.首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结肠镜检查", "B": "立位腹部X线平片", "C": "腹部CT", "D": "腹部MRI"}, "answer": "立位腹部X线平片", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,30岁,乏力、咳嗽1个月余,伴低热、盗汗、痰中带血1周,X线胸片示:右肺上叶尖段炎症,伴有空洞形成。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺囊肿继发感染", "B": "浸润型肺结核", "C": "慢性肺脓肿", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎"}, "answer": "浸润型肺结核", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医生告知某患者患有糖尿病并且让其接受药物治疗,但该患者并不相信自己患病,未听从医生的医嘱服药而是继续上班。该患者的角色行为类型属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "角色行为缺如", "B": "角色行为强化", "C": "角色行为异常", "D": "角色行为冲突"}, "answer": "角色行为缺如", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.腺垂体功能减退(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖皮质激素大剂量冲击疗法", "B": "糖皮质激素一般剂量长期疗法", "C": "糖皮质激素小剂量替代疗法", "D": "糖皮质激素大剂量长期疗法"}, "answer": "糖皮质激素小剂量替代疗法", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "婴儿出现以下症状可考虑先天性心脏病,但应除外(  )。", "options": {"A": "喂养困难", "B": "易患肺炎", "C": "持续性青紫", "D": "嗜睡"}, "answer": "嗜睡", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.肌梭属(  )。", "options": {"A": "感受器", "B": "传入神经", "C": "神经中枢", "D": "效应器"}, "answer": "感受器", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "室间隔缺损伴明显肺动脉高压时可有以下临床表现,但应除外(  )。", "options": {"A": "右心室显著增大", "B": "原有心脏杂音明显增强", "C": "P2亢进", "D": "肺动脉段明显突出"}, "answer": "原有心脏杂音明显增强", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,72岁。反酸,烧心36年。近日呼吸困难,乏力2个月。间断口服质子泵抑制剂治疗,起初有效,近2个月效果不佳。胃镜检查示:食管下段及贲门区隆起溃疡性病变,质脆、易出血。最有可能的活组织检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋巴瘤", "B": "神经内分泌肿瘤", "C": "鳞癌", "D": "腺癌"}, "answer": "腺癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.上述哪项是骨骼与心肌细胞中的脱氨基方式?(  )", "options": {"A": "甲硫氨酸循环", "B": "嘌呤核苷酸循环", "C": "γ-谷氨酰基循环", "D": "丙氨酸葡萄糖循环"}, "answer": "嘌呤核苷酸循环", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,35岁。右肾疼痛;尿常规红细胞充满视野,白细胞2~3/HP;尿路平片可见右下段输尿管走行区0.6cm高密度阴影。IVU可见右输尿管下段结石,其上输尿管轻度扩张,右肾轻度积水。3.对该患者应采取的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膀胱切开取石术", "B": "取石术", "C": "大量饮水等待自然排出", "D": "体外震波碎石"}, "answer": "取石术", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "超声心动图示:右室大,室间隔与左室后壁呈矛盾运动,提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "左向右分流型先天性心脏病", "C": "左向右分流量大", "D": "室问隔缺损"}, "answer": "房间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不符合变性的病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "间质内类粘液的积聚", "B": "肝细胞内出现脂滴", "C": "心肌细胞内水分增多", "D": "细胞核破碎"}, "answer": "细胞核破碎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,42岁。左下肢疼痛,行走后加重3年。早期常感患肢麻木,行走后疼痛,短暂休息可缓解,近来疼痛日益加重。吸烟20余年。查体:T 36.3℃,BP 100/70mmHg。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "下肢静脉曲张", "B": "多发性动脉炎", "C": "雷诺综合征", "D": "血栓闭塞性脉管炎"}, "answer": "血栓闭塞性脉管炎", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "以下关于应对的说法错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应对是一种心理现象", "B": "应对是一种心理行为策略", "C": "应对是人面对应激源时的一种反应", "D": "应对都能消除自己的紧张"}, "answer": "应对都能消除自己的紧张", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "8岁男孩,于1998年3月因低热、多汗1月余,鼻出血、腹痛2天来院。体格检查:发育中,营养可,精神好。咽部轻度充血,扁桃体Ⅱ度肿大,心脏叩诊不大,有Ⅱ级收缩期杂音,肺部无啰音,肝脾未触及。实验室检查:Hb100g/L,红细胞3.5×1012/L,血沉70mm/h,ASO600单位,CRP阳性,心电图P-R间期延长。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "贫血性心脏病", "B": "先天性心脏病", "C": "结核性心包炎", "D": "风湿性心脏炎"}, "answer": "风湿性心脏炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "9岁男孩,发热3周,膝关节痛1周就诊。查体:T38.2℃,P108次/分,咽无充血,心尖部可闻Ⅲ级收缩期吹风样杂音及舒张期隆隆样杂音,肺腹(-),双膝关节红肿,活动受限。2.首选的辅助检查项目是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部X线", "B": "胸部CT", "C": "心得安试验", "D": "超声心动图"}, "answer": "超声心动图", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "动脉导管未闭、室间隔缺损、房间隔缺损当有肺动脉高压时,下列哪项胸部X线摄片时的改变为动脉导管未闭所特有的?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺动脉段突出", "B": "肺野充血", "C": "主动脉弓有所增大", "D": "可有左右心室扩大"}, "answer": "主动脉弓有所增大", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩,3岁、水肿1周。尿中有泡沫,尿量减少。查体:T 36.7℃,P 120次/分,R 25次分, BP 90/60mmHg。眼睑水肿,双下肢凹陷性水肿,双肺呼吸音粗,未闻及啰音,心前区未闻及杂音,腹膨隆,移动性浊音(+)。尿常规:蛋白(+++)。尿沉渣镜检:RBC 0~3/HP,WBC 0~3/HP。血清白蛋白20g/L,胆固醇8.7mmol/L。3.患儿在治疗中出现发热,最常见的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹膜炎", "B": "呼吸道感染", "C": "尿路感染", "D": "胃肠炎"}, "answer": "呼吸道感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "室间隔缺损可引起心脏下述各部位负荷增加,但除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "右心房", "B": "左心房", "C": "右心室", "D": "肺循环"}, "answer": "右心房", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对第三代头孢菌素特点的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对铜绿假单胞菌及厌氧菌有效", "B": "抗革兰阳性菌作用强于第一、二代", "C": "脑脊液中可渗入一定量", "D": "对肾脏基本无毒性"}, "answer": "抗革兰阳性菌作用强于第一、二代", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,31岁。夏天突然四肢抽搐,强直,口吐白沫,小便失禁。整个发作约3分钟,事后无回忆。发作间歇期查体无异常。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "晕厥", "B": "癫痫", "C": "脑血管意外", "D": "中暑"}, "answer": "癫痫", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,64岁,2型糖尿病10年,平日疏于治疗。此次因呕吐、腹泻3天,意识不清1天入院。2.若入院后给该患者查血糖34.5mmol/L,血钠165mmol/L,尿糖(++++),尿酮体(+).患者的诊断应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖尿病酮症酸中毒", "B": "高渗性非酮症性糖尿病昏迷", "C": "脑血管意外", "D": "急性胃肠炎"}, "answer": "高渗性非酮症性糖尿病昏迷", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者右下肢无力2个月,左下肢麻木,检查:左脐孔水平以下痛温觉减退,右膝腱反射亢进,右Babinski征(+),右踝部音叉振动觉减退,右足趾位置觉减退,病变位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸髓10水平横贯性损害", "B": "右侧胸髓10水平半侧损害", "C": "左侧胸髓10水平半侧损害", "D": "左侧胸髓10水平后索损害"}, "answer": "右侧胸髓10水平半侧损害", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "克罗恩病的主要手术指征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "营养不良、体重减轻", "B": "严重腹泻", "C": "疑有恶变", "D": "合并结肠息肉"}, "answer": "疑有恶变", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不属于宫颈淋巴的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "髂内淋巴结", "B": "闭孔淋巴结", "C": "髂外淋巴结", "D": "腹主动脉旁淋巴结"}, "answer": "腹主动脉旁淋巴结", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "双肺满布湿啰音多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管肺炎", "B": "支气管扩张", "C": "肺淤血", "D": "急性肺水肿"}, "answer": "急性肺水肿", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症,新生儿期的表现,以下不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "常为过期产", "B": "生后即有腹胀、便秘", "C": "易激惹", "D": "喂养困难,声音嘶哑"}, "answer": "易激惹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "原发性肝癌指(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆管上皮发生的癌", "B": "肝细胞发生的癌", "C": "肝细胞和肝内胆管上皮发生的癌", "D": "肝细胞和胆管上皮发生的癌"}, "answer": "肝细胞和肝内胆管上皮发生的癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,54岁。因持续心悸5天入院.既往体健.查体:BP 142/80mmHg,心界不大,心率132次/min,心律不齐。心电图示:P波消失,代之以f波.心室律绝对不规则。控制心室率宜首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "华法林", "B": "腺苷", "C": "胺碘酮", "D": "比索洛尔"}, "answer": "比索洛尔", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于胆汁的生理作用,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆盐可以增加脂肪的表面张力,使脂肪乳化成微滴", "B": "胆盐可与肠腔中脂肪分解产物形成混合微胶粒", "C": "胆汁能促进脂溶性维生素的吸收", "D": "胆盐在回肠被吸收后有促进胆汁分泌的作用"}, "answer": "胆盐可以增加脂肪的表面张力,使脂肪乳化成微滴", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "冠心病心绞痛与心肌梗死时胸痛的主要鉴别点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "疼痛的持续时间及对含服硝酸甘油的反应不同", "B": "疼痛的部位不同", "C": "疼痛的放射部位不同", "D": "疼痛时是否伴发恶心"}, "answer": "疼痛的持续时间及对含服硝酸甘油的反应不同", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,50岁,因患二尖瓣狭窄进行了瓣膜置换术。术前肝功正常,HBsAg(-),术中输血600ml。术后1个月复查,ALT 240U/L,TBil 15μmol/L。3.如抗病毒治疗宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿糖腺苷", "B": "阿糖胞苷", "C": "胸腺素", "D": "α-干扰素"}, "answer": "α-干扰素", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,40岁。皮肤出血点及瘀斑、牙龈出血1周。查体:肝脾不大。血常规:Hb 110g/L,WBC 4.0×109/L,PLT 10×109/L。骨髓细胞学检查:巨核细胞95个/2cm×2cm,产板型巨核细胞1个。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性白血病", "B": "特发性血小板减少性紫癜", "C": "再生障碍性贫血", "D": "巨幼细胞贫血"}, "answer": "特发性血小板减少性紫癜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "乳腺癌淋巴转移最初多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "锁骨下", "B": "腋窝", "C": "胸骨旁", "D": "腹膜后"}, "answer": "腋窝", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在处理保守医密与讲真话二者关系时应该对(  )。", "options": {"A": "传染病人保密,不讲疾病实情", "B": "慢性病人保密,不讲疾病实情", "C": "妇科病人保密,不讲疾病实情", "D": "晚期癌症病人保密,不讲疾病实情"}, "answer": "晚期癌症病人保密,不讲疾病实情", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "可引起伪膜性肠炎的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "B": "沙门菌", "C": "肉毒梭菌", "D": "大肠杆菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某妇女30岁,从事制鞋上胶工作已5年,近来发现月经量过多,且伴鼻衄和齿龈出血,过去体健无类似病史,也无类似家族史。2.诊断过程和确诊后,还应作下列哪项工作?(  )", "options": {"A": "调离原作业", "B": "职业病报告", "C": "同工厂同工种工人体格检查", "D": "以上均应做"}, "answer": "以上均应做", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "筛检试验的金标准是指当前(  )。", "options": {"A": "患者最乐意接受的诊断疾病的方法", "B": "临床公认的诊断疾病最可靠的方法", "C": "临床最先进的诊断疾病的方法", "D": "临床最快速、简单的诊断方法"}, "answer": "临床公认的诊断疾病最可靠的方法", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "正常菌群的生理学意义在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "生物拮抗", "B": "营养作用", "C": "抗衰老作用", "D": "以上均对"}, "answer": "以上均对", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,30岁。已婚。平时月经规律。停经40天,右下腹剧痛4小时伴头晕及肛门坠胀感。查体:BP 80/56mmHg,面色苍白,痛苦病容,下腹部压痛及反跳痛(+),尤以右侧为著,肌紧张不明显,移动性浊音(+)。妇科检查:宫颈举痛,宫体稍大,右附件区触及不规则包块,大小约4cm×3cm×3cm,压痛(+)。实验室检查:Hb 100g/L。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卵巢囊肿蒂扭转", "B": "卵巢滤泡囊肿破裂", "C": "卵巢黄体囊肿破裂", "D": "输卵管妊娠破裂"}, "answer": "输卵管妊娠破裂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性胰腺炎最不常见的临床表现(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹痛", "B": "低血压", "C": "腹泻", "D": "呕吐"}, "answer": "腹泻", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性胰腺炎的典型症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上腹部持续性剧烈疼痛,向腰背部放射", "B": "阵发上腹部钻顶样疼痛,辗转体位", "C": "脐周阵发性疼痛,停止排便和排气", "D": "上腹部剧烈疼痛,向左上臂内侧放射"}, "answer": "上腹部持续性剧烈疼痛,向腰背部放射", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "李某于2000年8月从某医学院专科毕业,李某可以(  )。", "options": {"A": "在医疗、预防、保健机构中试用期满1年,参加执业助理医师资格考试", "B": "在医疗、预防、保健机构中试用期满1年,参加执业医师资格考试", "C": "取得执业助理医师执业证书后,在医疗、预防、保健机构中工作满l年,参加执业医师资格考试", "D": "取得执业助理医师执业证书后,在医疗、预防、保健机构中试用期满1年,参加执业医师资格考试"}, "answer": "在医疗、预防、保健机构中试用期满1年,参加执业助理医师资格考试", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "21-三体综合征的主要临床特征不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "智能低下", "B": "体格发育迟缓", "C": "关节僵硬,不能弯曲", "D": "骨龄落后"}, "answer": "关节僵硬,不能弯曲", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,40岁,大量持续饮酒10余年,突然停饮后不认识家人,看见地上很多小鼠在跑,十分紧张,同时伴失眠,四肢粗大震颤,兴奋躁动,走路蹒跚,大汗淋漓。1.该患者所处的状态为(  )。", "options": {"A": "谵妄状态", "B": "幻觉状态", "C": "震颤谵妄状态", "D": "恶性症候群"}, "answer": "震颤谵妄状态", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列抗菌药物中,可作为耐青霉素肺炎链球菌肺炎治疗首选的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿奇霉素", "B": "头孢曲松", "C": "阿莫西林", "D": "头孢呋辛"}, "answer": "头孢曲松", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一妇女产下一个婴儿,这名婴儿被发现血清中抗HIV-1病毒IgG抗体阳性,这一发现最可能是下列哪项结果(  )。", "options": {"A": "HIV通过胎盘传递给婴儿", "B": "婴儿产生抗病毒抗体", "C": "婴儿的红细胞抗原与病毒交叉反应", "D": "母亲的红细胞抗原与病毒交叉反应"}, "answer": "HIV通过胎盘传递给婴儿", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "华法林与下列何药合用应加大剂量?(  )", "options": {"A": "四环素", "B": "苯巴比妥", "C": "吲哚美辛", "D": "双嘧达莫"}, "answer": "苯巴比妥", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.哪项是NK细胞的表面分子?(  )", "options": {"A": "CD3", "B": "KIR", "C": "MHC-Ⅱ", "D": "CD19"}, "answer": "KIR", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "伤寒最严重的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中毒性心肌炎", "B": "肠穿孔", "C": "血栓性静脉炎", "D": "肺炎"}, "answer": "肠穿孔", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "直肠长度为(  )。", "options": {"A": "5~10cm", "B": "12~15cm", "C": "16~20cm", "D": "21~25cm"}, "answer": "12~15cm", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,33岁,月经量增多伴头晕、乏力3个月,某医院检查发现贫血而给予硫酸亚铁治疗6天,因血红蛋白不升来院就诊。查:血红蛋白67g/L,白细胞和血小板正常。红细胞大小不等,中心浅染扩大,网织红细胞8%,骨髓中铁粒幼红细胞减少。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溶血性贫血", "B": "缺铁性贫血", "C": "感染性贫血", "D": "巨幼细胞性贫血"}, "answer": "缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列胃食管反流病的临床表现中,不属于食管外刺激症状的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "咳嗽", "B": "哮喘", "C": "胸痛", "D": "声嘶"}, "answer": "胸痛", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,32岁,长期乏力求医。血红蛋白77g/L,平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度26%,平均红细胞体积63μm3,网织红细胞数2.0%,血清铁5μmol/L(280μg/L),总铁结合力4980μg/L。4.假如确诊为缺铁性贫血,铁剂治疗应用至何时停药?(  )", "options": {"A": "血清铁达正常水平", "B": "血红蛋白达正常水平", "C": "血红蛋白达正常水平后继续用药3~6个月", "D": "网织红细胞上升达高峰"}, "answer": "血红蛋白达正常水平后继续用药3~6个月", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.评价慢性阻塞性肺疾病严重程度的肺功能检查指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "FEV1%预计值", "B": "VR/TLC", "C": "TLC", "D": "PEF"}, "answer": "FEV1%预计值", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "钩端螺旋体病雨水型的传染源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鼠、猪", "B": "鼠、牛", "C": "猪、犬", "D": "猪、羊"}, "answer": "猪、犬", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "慢性膀胱刺激症状患者,静脉尿路造影见右肾上盏有破坏,可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "右肾肿瘤", "B": "右肾炎", "C": "右肾结核", "D": "右肾乳头炎"}, "answer": "右肾结核", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "接触职业性有害因素的劳动者是否发生职业性疾病,主要取决于(  )。", "options": {"A": "有害因素种类", "B": "接触方式", "C": "接触的浓度(强度)和时间", "D": "人体的健康状况"}, "answer": "接触的浓度(强度)和时间", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "维持组织液生成量与回流量平衡的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多余的生成部分经毛细淋巴管回流", "B": "主要受局部代谢产物的影响", "C": "改变毛细血管前后阻力比", "D": "毛细血管通透性发生改变"}, "answer": "多余的生成部分经毛细淋巴管回流", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.蛋白质水解时(  )。", "options": {"A": "一级结构破坏", "B": "二级结构破坏", "C": "四级结构破坏", "D": "空间结构破坏"}, "answer": "一级结构破坏", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "HLAⅠ类抗原不在下列哪一种细胞表面表达?(  )", "options": {"A": "成熟红细胞", "B": "巨噬细胞", "C": "网织红细胞", "D": "粒细胞"}, "answer": "成熟红细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "10个月患儿,早产,初生体重2kg,牛奶喂养,未添加辅食,发现面色苍白5个月。查体:体重7kg,面色苍白,肝肋下3cm,脾肋下1.5cm,血象:红细胞3.5×1012/L,血红蛋白75g/L,白细胞6.0×109/L,中性粒细胞30%,淋巴细胞68%,单核细胞2%,网织红细胞0.4%。2.若治疗有效,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "网织红细胞于服药3~4天后升高", "B": "网织红细胞于服药后1周下降至正常", "C": "红细胞最先升高", "D": "网织红细胞于服药后下降"}, "answer": "网织红细胞于服药3~4天后升高", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "非浸润性突眼的突眼度一般不超过(  )。", "options": {"A": "15mm", "B": "14mm", "C": "18mm", "D": "19mm"}, "answer": "18mm", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "T细胞主要位于外周淋巴组织中的(  )。", "options": {"A": "脾脏的小动脉周围淋巴鞘", "B": "淋巴小结", "C": "脾小结", "D": "髓索"}, "answer": "脾脏的小动脉周围淋巴鞘", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肿瘤分期是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "肿瘤细胞的分化程度", "B": "肿瘤细胞的恶性程度", "C": "肿瘤的生长范围和扩散程度", "D": "肿瘤细胞的浸润及转移能力"}, "answer": "肿瘤的生长范围和扩散程度", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,42岁。半小时前车祸受伤,右髋部疼痛剧烈,活动受限。查体:右髋部弹性固定,呈屈曲、内收、内旋畸形。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "股骨颈骨折", "B": "髋关节中心脱位", "C": "髋关节后脱位", "D": "髋关节前脱位"}, "answer": "髋关节后脱位", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性乳腺炎局部脓肿形成的治疗原则为(  )。", "options": {"A": "全身应用抗生素", "B": "排空乳汁", "C": "切开引流", "D": "暂停哺乳"}, "answer": "切开引流", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,8岁,于4个月前开始不规则发热,体温38~39℃,2个月前出现气促、咳嗽、下肢浮肿,抗结核治疗后无效,1岁时诊断为“先天性心脏病”。查体:体温38.5℃,脉搏114次/分,呼吸48次/分,颈静脉怒张,心前区隆起,于胸骨左缘第2、3肋间可闻及连续杂音,伴震颤,肝肋下4.0cm。尿常规:蛋白(+)。本例应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "先天性心脏病(动脉导管未闭)合并肺炎", "B": "先天性心脏病(动脉导管未闭)合并心力衰竭", "C": "先天性心脏病(动脉导管未闭)合并亚急性细菌性心内膜炎", "D": "先天性心脏病(动脉导管未闭)合并心力衰竭,亚急性细菌性心内膜炎"}, "answer": "先天性心脏病(动脉导管未闭)合并心力衰竭,亚急性细菌性心内膜炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪一种情况不属于硝苯地平的适应证?(  )", "options": {"A": "高血压危象", "B": "稳定型心绞痛", "C": "变异型心绞痛", "D": "不稳定型心绞痛"}, "answer": "不稳定型心绞痛", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "结核性脑膜炎合并的脑性失盐综合征是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗利尿激素分泌过少", "B": "醛固酮分泌减少", "C": "醛固酮分泌过多", "D": "抗利尿激素和醛固酮的分泌均增多"}, "answer": "醛固酮分泌减少", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,1岁,以面色苍白1个月入院。查体:心率138次/分,心尖区闻及Ⅳ级收缩期杂音。血象:Hb 50g/L,RBC 2.54×1012/L。临床诊断为缺铁性贫血,该患儿的贫血程度该如何判定(  )。", "options": {"A": "轻度贫血", "B": "中度贫血", "C": "重度贫血", "D": "极重度贫血"}, "answer": "重度贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "因支气管静脉曲张破裂所致咯血最常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺结核", "B": "肺脓肿", "C": "肺栓塞", "D": "二尖瓣狭窄"}, "answer": "二尖瓣狭窄", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.在胎儿体内合成最早(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgG", "B": "IgM", "C": "SIgA", "D": "IgD"}, "answer": "IgM", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "饮水消毒的主要目的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "预防食物中毒", "B": "防止肠道传染病的发生", "C": "预防三致作用的发生", "D": "保证水的感官性状良好"}, "answer": "防止肠道传染病的发生", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "与心室肌细胞相比,浦肯野细胞动作电位的主要特征为(  )。", "options": {"A": "幅值大", "B": "4期膜电位稳定", "C": "4期自动去极", "D": "0期去极速度快"}, "answer": "4期自动去极", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有一年轻男患者,在得知自己患了黄疸性肝炎以后,很恐惧,怕女朋友离开他,怕同车间的伙伴疏远他,所以十分恳切地请求医师替他保密。医师看他很值得同情,就决定替他保守这个秘密,但要求他抓紧治疗,不要耽误了病情。2.该医师正确的做法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "替病人保密的同时,把他留在医院治疗", "B": "应该拒绝保密,拒绝给他治疗,以免被传染", "C": "介绍他去别的医院", "D": "不能保密,让他住院,隔离治疗"}, "answer": "不能保密,让他住院,隔离治疗", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "使用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂降压的患者血清肌酐水平不宜超过(  )。", "options": {"A": "88μmol/L", "B": "177μmol/L", "C": "133μmol/L", "D": "265μmol/L"}, "answer": "265μmol/L", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.上述哪项是感染神经细胞可形成的内基小体(  )。", "options": {"A": "森林脑炎病毒", "B": "巨细胞病毒", "C": "狂犬病病毒", "D": "柯萨奇病毒"}, "answer": "狂犬病病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一男性,某省厅干部,平时不嗜烟酒,生活规律;但性情急躁,易激动,工作认真,争强好胜,雄心勃勃。1年前单位减员时调入某厂工作,常因小事上火,发脾气。3日前因心绞痛入院,诊断为冠心病。1.病前病人的人格类型属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "A型", "B": "混合型", "C": "C型", "D": "B型"}, "answer": "A型", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述心脏病很少引起肺淤血的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺源性心脏病", "B": "高血压性心脏病", "C": "梅毒性心脏病", "D": "冠心病"}, "answer": "肺源性心脏病", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肠管壁疝嵌顿易误诊的原因,下列哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "嵌顿疝内容物为大网膜", "B": "无肠梗阻表现", "C": "不易引起绞窄", "D": "临床上少见"}, "answer": "嵌顿疝内容物为大网膜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪一种酶缺乏可致白化病?(  )", "options": {"A": "苯丙氨酸转氨酶", "B": "酪氨酸转氨酶", "C": "酪氨酸羟化酶", "D": "酪氨酸酶"}, "answer": "酪氨酸酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.细胞内合成氨基酰-tRNA时消耗(  )。", "options": {"A": "ATP", "B": "GTP", "C": "UTP", "D": "TFP"}, "answer": "ATP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "诊断脑出血最迅速、最可靠的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑血管造影", "B": "脑积液检测", "C": "头颅MRI", "D": "头颅CT"}, "answer": "头颅CT", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "苯急性中毒主要影响(  )。", "options": {"A": "造血系统", "B": "中枢神经系统", "C": "呼吸系统", "D": "内分泌系统"}, "answer": "中枢神经系统", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.眼球内斜视(  )。", "options": {"A": "动眼神经损害", "B": "外展神经损害", "C": "三叉神经损害", "D": "舌下神经损害"}, "answer": "外展神经损害", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "发生外科感染的必要条件不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "外界病菌大量侵入组织", "B": "人体正常菌群变成病菌", "C": "人体抵抗力有一定缺陷", "D": "组织内的有氧环境"}, "answer": "组织内的有氧环境", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项为单纯型精神分裂症与神经衰弱最主要的鉴别点?(  )", "options": {"A": "起病缓慢", "B": "无自知力", "C": "有幻觉妄想", "D": "头痛失眠较轻"}, "answer": "无自知力", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.增高3~4日恢复正常的心肌梗死心肌坏死标志物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "cTnT", "B": "CK-MB", "C": "GOT(天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶)", "D": "cTnI"}, "answer": "CK-MB", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,37岁。1周来咳嗽、寒战、高热,最高体温40℃,血WBC 15.2×109/L,N 0.91,经阿莫西林抗感染治疗后体温下降不明显,逐渐出现呼吸急促。半月前颈部皮肤疖肿,自行结痂,胸部X线片示双肺可见多发直径2~3cm的边缘模糊的类圆形阴影,其内可见空洞。下列检查对明确诊断意义最大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "痰涂片革兰染色", "B": "支气管镜", "C": "胸部CT", "D": "血培养"}, "answer": "血培养", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在下列医务人员的行为中,不符合有利原则的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "与解除病人的疾苦有关", "B": "可能解除病人的疾苦", "C": "使病人受益且产生的副作用很小", "D": "使病人受益,但却给别人造成了较大的伤害"}, "answer": "使病人受益,但却给别人造成了较大的伤害", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿易产生呼吸功能不全的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺活量小", "B": "潮气量小", "C": "肺气体弥散量小", "D": "以上均是"}, "answer": "以上均是", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "左向右分流型先天性心脏病,应除外以下哪一种?(  )", "options": {"A": "动脉导管未闭", "B": "主动脉狭窄", "C": "房间隔缺损", "D": "肺静脉异位引流"}, "answer": "主动脉狭窄", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,35岁,餐后突起上腹持续性疼痛、呕吐8小时。查体:脉搏116次/min,收缩压9.0kPa(68mmHg);上腹有压痛。肠鸣音无明显异常:WBC 14×109/L,N 0.76,尿淀粉酶256U(温氏),血脂肪酶1.5U(康氏)。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性胆囊炎", "B": "急性胃炎", "C": "胆囊结石", "D": "急性胰腺炎"}, "answer": "急性胰腺炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不符合普通偏头痛的诊断依据的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "采用麦角胺或曲普坦类试验治疗有效", "B": "神经系统检查正常", "C": "辅助检查可发现脑部器质性损害", "D": "有偏头痛的临床表现,未经治疗者每次发作持续4~72小时"}, "answer": "辅助检查可发现脑部器质性损害", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "化脓性关节炎后期关节已有破坏与增生,强直已不可避免时,最恰当的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "避免负重", "B": "固定于功能位", "C": "行关节融合术", "D": "物理疗法"}, "answer": "行关节融合术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,48岁,发现左乳房外上象限肿块1个月,单发,不疼痛,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺纤维腺瘤", "B": "乳腺囊性增生病", "C": "乳腺癌", "D": "乳腺炎"}, "answer": "乳腺癌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.属于Ⅱ型超敏反应的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管哮喘", "B": "血清病", "C": "接触性皮炎", "D": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血"}, "answer": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5.脑膜炎球菌荚膜多糖疫苗(  )。", "options": {"A": "死疫苗", "B": "结合疫苗", "C": "亚单位疫苗", "D": "基因工程疫苗"}, "answer": "亚单位疫苗", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于免疫对机体的作用的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是有益的反应", "B": "是有害的反应", "C": "有益也有害的反应", "D": "正常情况下,对机体有益,只在一定条件下有害"}, "answer": "正常情况下,对机体有益,只在一定条件下有害", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.交感神经支配的肌肉是(  )。", "options": {"A": "下斜肌", "B": "外直肌", "C": "眼轮匝肌", "D": "瞳孔开大肌"}, "answer": "瞳孔开大肌", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,出生3天,足月顺产,生后2天出现黄疸,迅速加重,一般状态尚好。血清胆红素298μmol/L,母血O型,子血A型,抗体释放试验阳性。应先考虑哪项治疗措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "光照疗法", "B": "苯巴比妥", "C": "输血浆", "D": "纠正酸中毒"}, "answer": "光照疗法", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "成人巨大睾丸鞘膜积液,最佳治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "睾丸鞘膜翻转", "B": "等待自行吸收消退", "C": "内环处高位结扎鞘状突", "D": "鞘膜积液穿刺抽液"}, "answer": "睾丸鞘膜翻转", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "淋病奈瑟菌的形态特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "革兰阳性链球菌", "B": "革兰阴性球杆菌", "C": "革兰阳性四联球菌", "D": "革兰阴性双球菌"}, "answer": "革兰阴性双球菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,32岁。左乳房外上象限扪及-3cm×2cm大小肿块,与皮肤轻微粘连,左腋窝可触及一肿大淋巴结,尚可推动,临床诊断为左乳癌。按TNM(国际抗癌协会,1988)分期法,应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "T1N2M0", "B": "T2N2M0", "C": "T3N1M0", "D": "T4N1M0"}, "answer": "T4N1M0", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列不符合二尖瓣狭窄患者描述的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺动脉段膨出", "B": "左心房增大", "C": "严重时发生急性肺水肿", "D": "心音弱而远"}, "answer": "心音弱而远", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "组织兴奋性降低,组织的(  )。", "options": {"A": "动作电位减小", "B": "静息电位值减小", "C": "刺激阈减小", "D": "阈值增加"}, "answer": "阈值增加", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.由特定基因编码、对另一基因转录激活具有调控作用的转录因子(  )。", "options": {"A": "顺式作用元件", "B": "反式作用元件", "C": "顺式作用因子", "D": "反式作用因子"}, "answer": "反式作用因子", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.T细胞产生的细胞因子不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "IL-1", "B": "IL-2", "C": "IL-4", "D": "IL-5"}, "answer": "IL-1", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,56岁,干咳、呼吸困难2周,逐渐加重,现不能平卧,无发热,查体:R 24次/分,BP 85/70mmHg,端坐位,颈静脉怒张,双肺呼吸音清,心脏浊音界向两侧扩大,心率106次/分,律齐,心音遥远,心脏各瓣膜听诊区未闻及病理性杂音,奇脉,心电图:窦性心动过速,各导联QRS波低电压,该患者最关键的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服美托洛尔", "B": "静脉注射呋塞米", "C": "静脉滴注多巴胺", "D": "心包穿刺"}, "answer": "心包穿刺", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,20岁。黏液脓血便伴里急后重1年,近2周腹痛加重,高热。体检:体温39.2℃,心率110次/分,贫血貌,腹部膨隆,全腹有压痛,肠鸣音消失。2.该患者不宜选做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血沉", "B": "免疫指标测定", "C": "钡剂灌肠", "D": "腹部B超"}, "answer": "钡剂灌肠", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对精神分裂症的研究表明,精神分裂症的阳性症状可能与下列哪种因素有关?(  )", "options": {"A": "皮层下边缘系统DA功能亢进", "B": "皮层下边缘系统DA功能低下", "C": "5-HT系统功能亢进", "D": "去甲肾上腺素系统功能不足"}, "answer": "皮层下边缘系统DA功能亢进", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.解热镇痛药的解热作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阻断中枢5-HT受体", "B": "使突触间隙的Na+浓度下降", "C": "抑制中枢PG合成", "D": "抑制外周PG合成"}, "answer": "抑制中枢PG合成", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.成纤维细胞损伤后转变为成骨细胞属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "伪膜", "B": "化生", "C": "渗出", "D": "增生"}, "answer": "化生", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肩关节周围炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "发病急,病程约数周", "B": "多见于青少年", "C": "晚间疼痛减轻", "D": "肩关节外展受限"}, "answer": "肩关节外展受限", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,10岁,发热10天,体温38~39℃,刺激性咳嗽明显,胸痛。查体:双肺散在干鸣音;胸片:左肺下野淡薄片状阴影。3.首选的药物治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素", "B": "头孢菌素", "C": "链霉素", "D": "红霉素"}, "answer": "红霉素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "初产妇,28岁,妊娠28周,规律宫缩8小时。血压110/70mmHg,骨盆不小,预测胎儿体重2650g,枕左前位,胎心率正常。妇科检查宫口开大3cm,S=0,正确处置应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "行人工破膜", "B": "不需干涉产程进程", "C": "静脉推注地塞米松", "D": "胎头吸引术助娩"}, "answer": "不需干涉产程进程", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是出血热病毒的主要中间宿主?(  )", "options": {"A": "幼猪", "B": "鼠类", "C": "鸟类", "D": "恙螨"}, "answer": "鼠类", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "学龄前期儿童的特点中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体格发育较前减慢", "B": "智力发育更完善,能做较复杂的动作", "C": "能用较复杂的语言表达思维和感情", "D": "脑发育完全成熟"}, "answer": "脑发育完全成熟", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肾综合征出血热潜伏期一般为(  )。", "options": {"A": "1周", "B": "3~5天", "C": "1~2周", "D": "1个月"}, "answer": "1~2周", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某地级市卫生行政部门接到举报,称市中心医院妇产科主治医师陶某违反《母婴保健法》及其实施办法相关规定,未经市级卫生行政部门批准擅自从事母婴保健专项技术服务,经查证举报属实,依法给予陶某行政处罚。陶某的违法行为是(  )。", "options": {"A": "擅自开展宫腔镜手术", "B": "擅自从事助产技术服务", "C": "擅自开展婴儿保健", "D": "擅自从事婚前医学检查"}, "answer": "擅自从事婚前医学检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪一种疾病抗人球蛋白试验阳性?(  )", "options": {"A": "6-磷酸葡萄脱氢酶(G-6-PD)缺乏症", "B": "遗传性球形细胞增多症", "C": "阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿", "D": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血"}, "answer": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肾综合征出血热休克期,不宜首先使用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血管活性药物", "B": "平衡盐", "C": "碳酸氨钠", "D": "高渗葡萄糖"}, "answer": "血管活性药物", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肾病综合征治疗的首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "环磷酰胺", "B": "泼尼松", "C": "青霉素", "D": "双嘧达莫"}, "answer": "泼尼松", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "青年男性,2天来胸背部疼痛,今晨出现双下肢无力,伴二便障碍,查脐以下各种感觉障碍,双下肢肌力0级,无病理反射。1.诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓出血", "B": "脊髓肿瘤", "C": "急性脊髓炎", "D": "大脑旁脑膜瘤"}, "answer": "急性脊髓炎", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "《执业医师法》规定,医师因考核不合格者被责令暂停执业活动3~6个月,并接受培训和继续医学教育,期满后仍然不合格者,由县级以上卫生行政部门对其(  )。", "options": {"A": "变更注册", "B": "重新注册", "C": "注销注册", "D": "暂缓注册"}, "answer": "注销注册", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.女,24岁,未育,近半年无生育计划,首选的避孕方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IUD", "B": "复方短效口服避孕药", "C": "紧急避孕药", "D": "长效复方避孕注射剂"}, "answer": "复方短效口服避孕药", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,66岁。反复上腹胀痛2年,进食后呕吐2个月,呕吐物含有宿食。查体:贫血貌,消瘦,上腹可见胃型,可闻及振水音。1.最有价值的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部CT", "B": "纤维胃镜", "C": "腹部X线平片", "D": "MRI"}, "answer": "纤维胃镜", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.帕金森病的典型步态是(  )。", "options": {"A": "划圈样步态", "B": "跨阈步态", "C": "慌张步态", "D": "醉汉步态"}, "answer": "慌张步态", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某患者血沉增快,若将该患者的红细胞置于正常人血浆中,则其血沉速度将(  )。", "options": {"A": "正常", "B": "无变化", "C": "下降", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "正常", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,突发寒战,体温39℃左右,腹泻十余次,伴里急后重,初为稀便,很快转化为脓血便。粪便常规:红细胞5个/HP,白细胞10个/HP,脓液(++)。3.该患者治疗首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红霉素", "B": "氧氟沙星", "C": "先锋霉素", "D": "黄连素(小檗碱)"}, "answer": "氧氟沙星", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不参与Ⅰ型超敏反应的介质或细胞因子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "LT", "B": "组胺", "C": "PG", "D": "GM-CSF"}, "answer": "GM-CSF", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有关活动性原发性肺结核的治疗原则,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宜采用分阶段治疗方案", "B": "强化治疗采用INH+RFP+PZA", "C": "巩固维持治疗采用INH+PZA", "D": "RFP疗程6~12个月"}, "answer": "巩固维持治疗采用INH+PZA", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "成年人临床上易发生的脑疝常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑外伤", "B": "脑炎", "C": "脑寄生虫", "D": "脑脓肿"}, "answer": "脑外伤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "霍乱吐泻“米泔水”样物质是由于泻吐物中(  )。", "options": {"A": "含大量粘液", "B": "含大量脱落上皮细胞", "C": "缺乏胃酸", "D": "缺乏胆汁"}, "answer": "缺乏胆汁", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在生理条件下合成血红素的限速步骤是合成(  )。", "options": {"A": "线状四吡咯", "B": "原卟啉Ⅳ", "C": "尿卟啉原Ⅲ", "D": "δ-氨基-γ-酮戊酸"}, "answer": "δ-氨基-γ-酮戊酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,32岁,长期乏力求医。血红蛋白77g/L,平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度26%,平均红细胞体积63μm3,网织红细胞数2.0%,血清铁5μmol/L(280μg/L),总铁结合力4980μg/L。3.假如治疗有效,最早出现的指标应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神好转", "B": "红细胞增加", "C": "网织红细胞升高", "D": "血红蛋白增加"}, "answer": "网织红细胞升高", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,65岁,上午在全麻下行食管癌切除吻合术。晚8时突然出现发热,测体温39.0℃。最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "切口感染", "B": "切口裂开", "C": "肺不张", "D": "下肢深静脉血栓形成"}, "answer": "肺不张", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.肠切除术后肠瘘长期禁食患者可能出现的凝血因子异常是(  )。", "options": {"A": "缺少凝血因子Ⅲ和Ⅹ", "B": "缺少凝血因子Ⅲ和Ⅴ", "C": "缺少凝血因子Ⅱ和Ⅹ", "D": "缺少凝血因子Ⅷ和Ⅸ"}, "answer": "缺少凝血因子Ⅱ和Ⅹ", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,女,4岁,其母患结核性胸膜炎,故来体检。双肺听诊呼吸音粗,胸部透视未见异常,欲做“OT”试验。3.该患儿OT试验l:2000结果,硬结直径15mm,为(  )。", "options": {"A": "“-”", "B": "“+”", "C": "“++”", "D": "“++++”"}, "answer": "“++”", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "慢性特发性血小板减少性紫癜最常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "儿童", "B": "青年女性", "C": "壮年男性", "D": "老年人"}, "answer": "青年女性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.结核性心包炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤维素性心外膜炎", "B": "心肌炎", "C": "疣状心内膜炎", "D": "以上病变都不存在"}, "answer": "纤维素性心外膜炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项不是细菌侵袭性酶?(  )", "options": {"A": "透明质酸酶", "B": "血浆凝固酶", "C": "链激酶(SK)", "D": "溶菌酶"}, "answer": "溶菌酶", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "股骨骨折后因处理不当,大量脂肪滴进入血液,该脂肪栓子常栓塞于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺静脉及其分支", "B": "脑动脉", "C": "主动脉分支", "D": "肺动脉及其分支"}, "answer": "肺动脉及其分支", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.怀疑嗜铬细胞瘤的病人,血压平稳时为帮助诊断应选择的试验是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胰高血糖素试验", "B": "胰岛素低血糖实验", "C": "酚妥拉明试验", "D": "地塞米松抑制试验"}, "answer": "胰高血糖素试验", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "描述传染病流行病学特征,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大流行", "B": "隐性感染", "C": "流行", "D": "散发"}, "answer": "隐性感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪一种情况可引起全身淋巴结肿大?(  )", "options": {"A": "慢性鼻炎", "B": "再生障碍性贫血", "C": "链霉素过敏", "D": "足癣合并感染"}, "answer": "链霉素过敏", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "27岁初孕妇,妊娠39周,近半月头痛、眼花,今晨出现剧烈头痛并呕吐来院就诊。2.与慢性肾炎相鉴别,最有意义的检查结果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌酐值增高", "B": "尿酸值增高", "C": "尿蛋白增高", "D": "肌酸值增高"}, "answer": "尿酸值增高", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,31岁,G3P1,剖宫产史,因妊娠50天行人工流产负压吸引术,术中患者突感胸闷、头晕,大汗淋漓,下腹坠痛伴恶心。查体:P 49次/分,BP 90/60mmHg,面色苍白,阴道少量流血。首先应考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人工流产综合反应", "B": "羊水栓塞", "C": "子宫穿孔", "D": "失血性休克"}, "answer": "人工流产综合反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某县(省直接管辖)县医院发生医疗事故争议,需进行医疗事故技术鉴定,按照《医疗事故处理条例》的规定,负责首次医疗事故鉴定工作的组织应当是(  )。", "options": {"A": "该县卫生行政部门", "B": "该县医学会", "C": "该县卫生行政部门的上级组织", "D": "市级医学会"}, "answer": "该县医学会", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列不符合鼠伤寒沙门菌小肠结肠炎的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "好发于2岁以下婴幼儿", "B": "易在新生儿室流行", "C": "绿色水样、粘液样或脓血便", "D": "病情均较轻,不会出现脱水、酸中毒"}, "answer": "病情均较轻,不会出现脱水、酸中毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性胃炎最主要的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "药物损伤", "B": "幽门螺杆菌感染", "C": "化学损伤", "D": "刺激性食物"}, "answer": "幽门螺杆菌感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.参与辅酶A组成的维生素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素B1", "B": "维生素B6", "C": "维生素PP", "D": "泛酸"}, "answer": "泛酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,30岁,初产妇,妊娠41周,规律宫缩10小时,己破膜,产科检查:LOT,羊水黄绿色,胎心率100次/分,宫口9cm,胎头S=0,该患者正确的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尽快剖腹产", "B": "催产素促进产程", "C": "尽快胎头吸引", "D": "尽快产钳助娩"}, "answer": "尽快剖腹产", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "溃疡性结肠炎病变多位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "降结肠", "B": "升结肠", "C": "回肠末端及升结肠", "D": "直肠及乙状结肠"}, "answer": "直肠及乙状结肠", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "当外界温度等于或高于体表温度时,机体散热的方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "辐射", "B": "对流", "C": "蒸发", "D": "对流与蒸发"}, "answer": "蒸发", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "骨与关节结核病人,混合感染,发热,体质虚弱,最好的处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "穿刺抽脓,注入抗痨药物", "B": "抗结核药+抗化脓菌感染药物", "C": "小切口引流", "D": "彻底的病灶消除术"}, "answer": "小切口引流", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "40岁男性,一年前因胫腓骨下1/3骨折,行手法复位,石膏外固定。现检查见骨折处有反常活动,X线显示胫骨骨折上下端髓腔被硬化骨封闭,骨折端有3mm间隙,并向后成角15°,其治疗应采用(  )。", "options": {"A": "手法复位,石膏外固定", "B": "切开复位,内固定外固定", "C": "切开复位,外固定", "D": "切开复位,植骨内固定加外固定"}, "answer": "切开复位,植骨内固定加外固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肾病综合征水肿最主要的因素为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球滤过率下降", "B": "血浆胶体渗透压下降", "C": "继发性醛固酮增多", "D": "全身毛细血管扩张"}, "answer": "血浆胶体渗透压下降", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于病理性黄疸的临床特点,以下不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生后24h内出现", "B": "无论早产儿还是足月儿,血清胆红素均>205~257μmol/L", "C": "足月儿黄疸持续2周不消退", "D": "黄疸退而复现"}, "answer": "无论早产儿还是足月儿,血清胆红素均>205~257μmol/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,44岁。8小时前搬重物时突发上胸部疼痛,呈撕裂样,并逐渐向下胸部和腹部延伸,高血压病史10年。查体:体温36.3℃,血压170/100mmHg(左上肢),血压140/15mmHg(右上肢)。心率105次/分,心律齐。腹平软,Murphy征阴性。CK-MB正常。心电图正常。胸部X线片显示主动脉明显增宽。该患者胸痛最可能的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性心肌梗死", "B": "主动脉夹层", "C": "急性胆囊炎", "D": "肋间神经痛"}, "answer": "主动脉夹层", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在Ag浓度较低时,下列哪项是递呈Ag最有效的APC?(  )", "options": {"A": "朗格汉斯细胞", "B": "DC", "C": "并指状细胞", "D": "B细胞"}, "answer": "B细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,45岁。发作性呼吸困难5年,再发3天,伴咳嗽、咳白色泡沫痰,无咯血、发热,有甲状腺功能亢进症病史1年。查体:BP 135/90mmHg,呼气延长,双肺可闻及哮鸣音。发生呼吸困难最可能的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大支气管狭窄", "B": "大支气管梗阻", "C": "小支气管狭窄", "D": "呼吸面积减少"}, "answer": "小支气管狭窄", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.正常人血液中血小板计数为(  )。", "options": {"A": "(4~10)×109个/L", "B": "(100~300)×109个/L", "C": "400万~500万个/ml", "D": "(3.5~5.0)×1012/L"}, "answer": "(100~300)×109个/L", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项不属于基因诊断和治疗的伦理学原则?(  )", "options": {"A": "不伤害原则", "B": "科学利益第一原则", "C": "保密原则", "D": "尊重原则"}, "answer": "科学利益第一原则", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "脉压增宽,伴毛细血管搏动,提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "动脉导管未闭", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "肺动脉狭窄"}, "answer": "动脉导管未闭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "卧床、无发热或异常消耗的成年男性患者每日所需热量最低为(  )。", "options": {"A": "15~20kcal/kg", "B": "25~30kcal/kg", "C": "30~50kcal/kg", "D": "50~60kcal/kg"}, "answer": "25~30kcal/kg", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "预防肾综合征出血热,下述哪一项是关键性措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "防鼠、灭鼠", "B": "注射球蛋白", "C": "预防接种", "D": "防止皮肤破损"}, "answer": "防鼠、灭鼠", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项属于液化性坏死?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑梗死", "B": "肠梗死", "C": "肾梗死", "D": "脾梗死"}, "answer": "脑梗死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "成年男性。三个月来双下肢无力、麻木逐渐加重,背后疼痛且咳嗽时加剧。查体:左半侧T8以下痛、温觉消失,右下肢肌力3级,腱反射亢进,Babinski征阳性,右下肢足趾振动觉、位置觉消失3.该脊髓损害为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓横贯性损害", "B": "Brown-Sequard缘簿", "C": "脊神经根损害", "D": "脊髓后索和侧索联合损害"}, "answer": "Brown-Sequard缘簿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一产妇患胎盘早剥,阴道流血不止,2天内共输血2000m1,止血效果不佳,皮肤黏膜有广泛出血点,柏油样大便,尿镜检可见少量红细胞。其出血不止的主要原因可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性ITP", "B": "肝功能受损致凝血功能障碍", "C": "并发DIC", "D": "输血过多致稀释性血小板减少"}, "answer": "并发DIC", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.含量最多的Ig是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgG", "B": "IgA", "C": "IgM", "D": "IgE"}, "answer": "IgG", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "恙虫病的主要传染源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "螨", "B": "鼠", "C": "猪", "D": "蚤"}, "answer": "鼠", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.铜绿假单胞菌引起的严重感染用(  )。", "options": {"A": "头孢呋辛", "B": "头孢他定", "C": "头孢哌酮", "D": "头孢噻肟"}, "answer": "头孢他定", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,38岁。接触性出血半年。妇科检查:外阴、阴道无异常,宫颈轻度压痛,触之易出血。子宫正常大小,双侧附件未触及异常。2.如检查结果为鳞状上皮内高度病变(HSIL),首选的处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阴道镜下活检", "B": "宫颈锥形切除术", "C": "分段诊刮术", "D": "宫颈细胞学检查"}, "answer": "阴道镜下活检", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,27岁,尿频,尿急,尿痛1年,一般抗炎治疗不好转,时有低热无力,尿检:白细胞20~30个/HP,红细胞5~8个/HP,肾图:右肾严重受损,左肾积水,初诊为肾结核。1.为了确诊还应该做哪项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "IVU", "B": "B超", "C": "CT", "D": "肾动脉造影"}, "answer": "IVU", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "请患者说明斧子和锯子的共同点与不同之处,主要是检查患者的(  )。", "options": {"A": "记忆力", "B": "思维的判断能力", "C": "思维的理解力", "D": "学习能力"}, "answer": "思维的理解力", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "动脉粥样硬化最好发生的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹主动脉", "B": "冠状动脉", "C": "肾动脉", "D": "脑动脉"}, "answer": "腹主动脉", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.流感病毒分亚型的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单股负链RNA(-ssRNA)基因序列突变", "B": "核糖核蛋白(RNP)和基质(M)蛋白的抗原性", "C": "包膜HN糖蛋白棘突的抗原性", "D": "包膜血凝素(HA)棘突和神经氨酸酶(NA)棘突的抗原性"}, "answer": "包膜血凝素(HA)棘突和神经氨酸酶(NA)棘突的抗原性", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪一项属于副交感神经的作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "瞳孔扩大", "B": "糖原分解增加", "C": "逼尿肌收缩", "D": "骨骼肌血管舒张"}, "answer": "逼尿肌收缩", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿接种过麻疹疫苗、用过免疫球蛋白或免疫功能低下,患麻疹出皮疹不典型,称为非典型性麻疹包括有(  )。", "options": {"A": "轻型麻疹", "B": "重型麻疹", "C": "无皮疹型麻疹", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项能引起射血分数增大?(  )", "options": {"A": "动脉血压升高", "B": "心率减慢", "C": "心肌收缩能力增强", "D": "快速射血相缩短"}, "answer": "心肌收缩能力增强", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "违法进行胎儿性别鉴定给当事人身心造成严重伤害的,应给予下列哪项处罚?(  )", "options": {"A": "责令停止", "B": "处以5000元以上20000元以下的罚款", "C": "由卫生行政部门取消其执业资格", "D": "追究刑事责任"}, "answer": "由卫生行政部门取消其执业资格", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "风湿性心脏病患者,突发呼吸困难,咳粉红色泡沫痰,血压120/80mmHg,心率140次/分,心律绝对不齐。首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "利多卡因", "B": "毛花苷丙(西地兰)", "C": "普罗帕酮", "D": "胺碘酮"}, "answer": "毛花苷丙(西地兰)", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "氯丙嗪长期大剂量应用最严重的不良反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃肠道反应", "B": "中枢神经系统反应", "C": "锥体外系反应", "D": "变态反应"}, "answer": "锥体外系反应", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,30岁。甲状腺右叶包块3年,无不适症状,包块增大缓慢。B超见包块内有点状钙化。行甲状腺右叶和峡部全切、左叶次全切除术。根据术后病理报告判断为预后良好的一种恶性肿瘤,但需终身服用甲状腺素片治疗。病理诊断的主要依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有复杂分支乳头样结构", "B": "可见印戒细胞", "C": "含大量黏液", "D": "癌巢少而间质纤维组织多"}, "answer": "有复杂分支乳头样结构", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者4岁,消瘦,活动后有气急、心悸,查体:时于胸骨左缘第2肋间听到粗糙而响亮的连续性机器杂音,初步诊断为动脉导管未闭。该畸形首先可以引起下列哪一方面的改变(  )。", "options": {"A": "左心房增大", "B": "右心室增大", "C": "肺动脉扩张", "D": "右心房增大"}, "answer": "肺动脉扩张", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,重体力劳动工人。腰腿痛,向左下肢放射,咳嗽、喷嚏时加重1月。检查:腰部活动明显受限,并向左倾斜,直腿抬高试验阳性。病程中无低热、盗汗、消瘦症状。2.如有小腿外侧及足背皮肤麻木,趾背伸无力,腱反射无改变,病变的节段应考虑是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰1~2", "B": "腰2~3", "C": "腰4~5", "D": "腰5~骶1"}, "answer": "腰5~骶1", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,16岁,发热10d伴食欲减退,软弱。体检:体温39.6℃,脉搏74/min,肝肋下2.0cm,脾肋下1.0cm.WBC2.6×109/L,N0.85,10.14,嗜酸粒细胞0.01,临床上拟诊为伤寒,确定诊断时该患者应选用的培养为(  )。", "options": {"A": "粪便培养", "B": "血培养", "C": "胆汁培养", "D": "玫瑰疹刮取物培养"}, "answer": "血培养", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.慢性淋巴细胞白血病(  )。", "options": {"A": "羟基脲", "B": "苯丁酸氮芥", "C": "维甲酸", "D": "碳酸锂"}, "answer": "苯丁酸氮芥", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "引起免疫应答的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫原", "B": "佐剂", "C": "脂类", "D": "核酸"}, "answer": "免疫原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "子宫内膜腺上皮细胞的核下开始出现含糖原小泡,相当于月经周期的(  )。", "options": {"A": "分泌期早期", "B": "增生期中期", "C": "分泌期中期", "D": "增生期晚期"}, "answer": "分泌期早期", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "腹部损伤患者,出现呕血、黑粪和腹部绞痛时,应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "十二指肠破裂", "B": "胰腺损伤伴胰腺炎", "C": "外伤性胆道出血", "D": "胆囊破裂"}, "answer": "外伤性胆道出血", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.具有CD3分子表面抗原的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "Mφ", "B": "T", "C": "B", "D": "嗜酸粒细胞"}, "answer": "T", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于定期考核不合格的医师,暂停执业活动期满,再次进行考核,对考核合格的(  )。", "options": {"A": "重新注册登记", "B": "试用半年", "C": "允许继续执业", "D": "试用一年"}, "answer": "允许继续执业", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于抗利尿激素合成和分泌,正确的叙述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "在下丘脑促垂体区合成和释放", "B": "在下丘脑和神经垂体合成和释放", "C": "在下丘脑合成,由腺垂体释放", "D": "在神经垂体合成和释放"}, "answer": "在下丘脑和神经垂体合成和释放", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述氨基酸中不属于必需氨基酸的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "苏氨酸", "B": "缬氨酸", "C": "赖氨酸", "D": "谷氨酸"}, "answer": "谷氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "双胎妊娠最常见的并发症为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脐带脱垂", "B": "产程延长,产后出血", "C": "产褥感染", "D": "胎头交锁"}, "answer": "产程延长,产后出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在功能性垂体瘤中,最常见的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "生长激素泌乳素混合瘤", "B": "生长激素瘤", "C": "泌乳素瘤", "D": "促肾上腺皮质激素瘤"}, "answer": "泌乳素瘤", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,女,8个月牛奶喂养,未添加辅食,逐渐出现面色苍白,爱哭闹,查体:体重8kg,睑结膜、甲床苍白,头发干枯,心率120次/分,心音有力,呼吸30次/分,无啰音,腹软,肝肋下3cm,脾肋下2cm,皮肤无出血点。1.可初步诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "心肌炎", "B": "营养不良", "C": "营养性贫血", "D": "佝偻病活动期"}, "answer": "营养性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "免疫应答的过程不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "B细胞在骨髓内的分化成熟", "B": "抗原递呈细胞对抗原的处理和递呈", "C": "T细胞对抗原的特异性识别", "D": "T、B细胞的活化、增殖"}, "answer": "B细胞在骨髓内的分化成熟", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,55岁。右下腹隐痛5个月,近3个月来乏力、消瘦,常有低热。查体:结膜苍白,右侧腹部5cm×3cm肿块。化验:血红蛋白95g/L。2.若检查诊断为升结肠癌,最佳手术方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右半结肠切除术", "B": "升结肠切除术", "C": "升结肠及部分横结肠切除术", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "右半结肠切除术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,6个月,确诊有结核性脑膜炎,不符合该患儿脑脊液检查的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "白细胞轻度升高", "B": "蛋白升高", "C": "糖降低", "D": "中性粒细胞升高为主"}, "answer": "中性粒细胞升高为主", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "诊断胎儿遗传性疾病,准确性较差的产前诊断技术是(  )。", "options": {"A": "孕妇血提取胎儿细胞", "B": "羊水穿刺", "C": "胎儿镜下活检", "D": "绒毛穿刺取样"}, "answer": "孕妇血提取胎儿细胞", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,55岁。颈后肿痛5天。疼痛逐渐加重,伴畏寒、发热。既往糖尿病病史10年。查体:T 38.5℃,P 90次/分,R 18次/分,BP 120/80mmHg,颈后红肿,范围约5cm,边界不清,中央多个脓点。双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心律齐。2.若行切开引流术,下列处理措施错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "切口长度不要超过病变边缘", "B": "可行“++”形切口切开引流", "C": "未化脓但失活的组织也要清除", "D": "术后创面内填塞敷料压迫止血"}, "answer": "切口长度不要超过病变边缘", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "菌体呈卵圆形,两端浓染的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "炭疽杆菌", "B": "结核分枝杆菌", "C": "鼠疫杆菌", "D": "伤寒沙门菌"}, "answer": "鼠疫杆菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.代谢性酸中毒最易发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肠梗阻", "B": "感染性休克", "C": "肺炎高热", "D": "挤压综合征"}, "answer": "感染性休克", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新生儿出生后,监护人应在规定时限内为其办理预防接种证,该时限是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1个月", "B": "4个月", "C": "3个月", "D": "2个月"}, "answer": "1个月", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "骨髓检查巨核细胞明显减少最出现于(  )。", "options": {"A": "缺铁性贫血", "B": "再生障碍性贫血", "C": "巨幼细胞性贫血", "D": "溶血性贫血"}, "answer": "再生障碍性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,60岁,右股骨干骨折钢板内固定术后1年。1月前在床上活动时,突感右股中部疼痛,有反常活动。拍片示:钢板断裂,骨折移位,骨质疏松,断端硬化,应怎样治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "手法复位,牵引固定", "B": "右下肢骨牵引", "C": "钢板取出,硬化骨清除,植骨内固定", "D": "钢板取出,内固定"}, "answer": "钢板取出,硬化骨清除,植骨内固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,5岁,因发热、咳嗽1周,水肿、尿少5天入院。查体:全身明显浮肿,呈凹陷性,血压110/60mmHg。尿检:蛋白质(+++),红细胞5~7个/HP。血浆白蛋白23g/L,胆固醇9.2mmol/L。2.该患儿在治疗中出现腹胀、无力,膝反射弱,且心电图出现T波低平且有u波,应用下列何药物最恰当(  )。", "options": {"A": "清蛋白静脉滴注", "B": "口服果味钾", "C": "3%氯化钠缓慢静脉滴注", "D": "给予洋地黄制剂"}, "answer": "口服果味钾", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "缺铁性贫血的改变顺序是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低血清铁—贫血—骨髓贮存铁减少", "B": "骨髓贮存铁减少—贫血—低血清铁", "C": "贫血一骨髓贮存铁减少—低血清铁", "D": "骨髓贮存铁减少—低血清铁—贫血"}, "answer": "骨髓贮存铁减少—低血清铁—贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.急性粒细胞白血病(  )。", "options": {"A": "可见Auer小体", "B": "红细胞大小不等,中心淡染区扩大", "C": "细胞中含粗大嗜天青颗粒比例I>30%", "D": "骨髓增生低下,造血细胞减少"}, "answer": "可见Auer小体", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,64岁,患高血压、冠心病10年。今晨起说话欠清,但能理解别人讲话,右肢体活动不灵。体检:血压140/90mmHg,不全运动失语,有中枢性面瘫,右上、下肢不全瘫。2.如分析为脑血管病,那么最可能损害了(  )。", "options": {"A": "椎动脉", "B": "大脑中动脉", "C": "大脑前动脉", "D": "基底动脉"}, "answer": "大脑中动脉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,36岁,5天前发热、咽痛,应用抗生素治疗无效。颈部浅表淋巴结肿大,咽部充血,扁桃体Ⅱ度肿大,下肢少许瘀斑。白细胞16.6×109/L,原始细胞0.6,血红蛋白80g/L,血小板34×109/L。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "特发性血小板减少性紫癜", "B": "缺铁性贫血", "C": "再生障碍性贫血", "D": "急性白血病"}, "answer": "急性白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心源性哮喘可选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "异丙肾上腺素", "B": "异丙阿托品", "C": "特布他林", "D": "氨茶碱"}, "answer": "氨茶碱", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.1岁时小儿的头围约是(  )。", "options": {"A": "40cm", "B": "46cm", "C": "50cm", "D": "56cm"}, "answer": "46cm", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "夏季,1岁男孩,发热、呕吐、腹泻3天,体温38℃,每日腹泻10多次,稀便,少量粘液,1天来尿少。6个小时无尿。查体:眼窝、前囟深陷,皮肤干燥,弹性极差,肢端凉。大便镜检偶见白细胞,血钠130mmol/L。最有可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "婴儿腹泻,中度低渗性脱水", "B": "婴儿腹泻,中度等渗性脱水", "C": "婴儿腹泻,重度低渗性脱水", "D": "婴儿腹泻,重度等渗性脱水"}, "answer": "婴儿腹泻,重度低渗性脱水", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肱二头肌反射中枢在(  )。", "options": {"A": "C4~5", "B": "C3~4", "C": "C5~6", "D": "C8~T1"}, "answer": "C5~6", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,28岁。乏力、纳差10余天。伴厌油及干呕、小便浓茶色。查体:皮肤、巩膜黄染、剑突下轻压痛,无反跳痛,肝脾肋下未触及。实验室检查:AST 1585U/L,ALT 1847U/L,TBiL 85.20μmol/L。乙肝表面抗原、乙肝e抗原、乙肝核心抗体均阳性。该患者肝脏最可能的病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝细胞桥接坏死和碎片状坏死", "B": "肝细胞广泛变性和点灶状坏死", "C": "肝细胞大片坏死并结节状再生", "D": "仅汇管区淋巴细胞浸润"}, "answer": "肝细胞广泛变性和点灶状坏死", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "31岁妇女,平时月经规律,停经58日,阴道少量流血10日,偶存阵发性腹痛。妇科检查:宫颈着色,宫体如妊娠4个月左右大小,双附件区均扪及块物。2.双附件区块物应想到的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "输卵管结核", "B": "卵巢黄素化囊肿", "C": "卵巢囊性畸胎癌", "D": "双侧隐睾"}, "answer": "卵巢黄素化囊肿", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,60岁。宫颈癌行子宫切除术后3天,晨起时突发左小腿疼痛,左足不能着地踏平,行走时疼痛加重。查体:左小腿肿胀,深压痛.足背动脉搏动存在。首先的检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "同位素骨扫描", "B": "下肢CT", "C": "下肢MRI", "D": "下肢超声多普勒"}, "answer": "下肢超声多普勒", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,55岁。突发右上腹痛,伴高热18小时。既往胆总管结石2年。查体:T 39.4℃,P 124次/分,BP 60/40mmHg,一般情况差,皮肤巩膜黄染,四肢湿冷,心肺(-),右上腹压痛、反跳痛、肌紧张(+),Murphy征(+)。首选的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗休克治疗观察", "B": "大剂量广谱抗生素治疗观察", "C": "急症胆管减压,T管引流", "D": "急症胆囊切除术"}, "answer": "急症胆管减压,T管引流", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,14岁。左胫骨近端疼痛2个月,呈进行性加重。X线片检查发现左胫骨干骺端骨膜反应呈“日光射线”形态。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨肉瘤", "B": "骨巨细胞瘤", "C": "骨软骨瘤", "D": "骨结核"}, "answer": "骨肉瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于脑膜炎奈氏菌,正确的论述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对低温耐受力强", "B": "室温下3小时死亡", "C": "对常用消毒剂不敏感", "D": "抵抗力较一般细菌强"}, "answer": "室温下3小时死亡", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "食管癌早期的症状不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸骨后烧灼感", "B": "食管内异物感", "C": "咽下食物哽噎感", "D": "进行件咽下困难"}, "answer": "进行件咽下困难", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.系统性红斑狼疮的关节表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "四肢大关节游走性肿痛,很少有畸形", "B": "累及脊柱、周围关节、关节周围组织的慢性炎症", "C": "对称性双腕、掌指、近端指关节肿", "D": "对称性指间关节、腕、足部、膝、踝等关节痛或关节炎,不伴畸形"}, "answer": "对称性指间关节、腕、足部、膝、踝等关节痛或关节炎,不伴畸形", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列骨折的并发症中哪一个不是早期发生的?(  )", "options": {"A": "休克", "B": "损伤性骨化", "C": "内脏损伤", "D": "周围神经损伤"}, "answer": "损伤性骨化", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某护士在给一位乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)携带者注射时,不慎被病人用过的针头刺伤手指。为预防乙型肝炎病毒感染,下列哪项是应首先采取的措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "注射丙种球蛋白", "B": "注射乙型肝炎疫苗", "C": "注射HBIg", "D": "注射α-干扰素"}, "answer": "注射HBIg", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,20岁。春天在花园中游玩时突然晕倒。入院查体:脉搏细速,BP 40/20mmHg,面色苍白,神志不清。其首要的救治措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "地塞米松15mg静脉滴注", "B": "给氧、严密监护", "C": "肾上腺素1mg皮下注射", "D": "安定10mg静脉滴注"}, "answer": "肾上腺素1mg皮下注射", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "发生应激性溃疡最常见的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "十二指肠", "B": "空肠", "C": "食管", "D": "胃"}, "answer": "胃", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性尿潴留病因中,属于机械性梗阻的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使用阿托品、普鲁卡因等药物后", "B": "直肠术后", "C": "前列腺肥大", "D": "外伤性高位截瘫"}, "answer": "前列腺肥大", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,22岁,骨关节痛半个月,全血细胞减少,骨髓原始细胞占70%,POX阴性,红系、巨核系受抑。1.其最基本的治疗方法为(  )。", "options": {"A": "长春新碱+泼尼松", "B": "长春新碱+阿糖胞苷", "C": "阿糖胞苷+泼尼松", "D": "阿糖胞苷+柔红霉素"}, "answer": "长春新碱+泼尼松", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,21岁。患肾炎4年,2天来发热咳嗽。查体:T 38℃,重度贫血貌。心界向左下扩大,心率130次/min,右肺满布湿性啰音,肝在肋下1cm,无明显水肿。肾功能严重损害,胸透右肺炎症,应选下列哪种抗生素?(  )", "options": {"A": "多黏菌素", "B": "卡那霉素", "C": "青霉素", "D": "四环素"}, "answer": "青霉素", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,60岁,近3天夜间行为紊乱,说房间地板上有老鼠、蛇,能看见死人,表情恐怖、紧张,不认识家人,白天较安静,喜卧床,不能回忆夜间行为,能认识家人,头部CT示:顶枕叶片状梗死灶,考虑患者处于(  )。", "options": {"A": "痴呆状态", "B": "幻觉妄想状态", "C": "谵妄状态", "D": "木僵状态"}, "answer": "谵妄状态", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪种人群不易发生脚气病?(  )", "options": {"A": "高糖饮食的人群", "B": "食用高度精细加工米面的人群", "C": "食用粗谷粗粮的人群", "D": "慢性酒精中毒的人群"}, "answer": "食用粗谷粗粮的人群", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "溃疡性结肠炎患者典型的粪便特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "柏油样便", "B": "白陶土样便", "C": "稀水样便", "D": "黏液脓血便"}, "answer": "黏液脓血便", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,38岁,糖尿病12年,每日皮下注射混合胰岛素治疗,早餐前30U,晚餐前24U,每日进餐规律,主食量30%,近来空腹血糖12.5mmol/L,餐后血糖7.6~9.0mmol/L3.较为合适的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "调整进餐量", "B": "胰岛素调整剂量", "C": "加磺脲类降糖药物", "D": "改用口服降糖药"}, "answer": "胰岛素调整剂量", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,30岁。多汗、心悸、消瘦3月,无其他不适。查体:甲状腺Ⅱ度弥漫性肿大,T3、T4水平升高,TSH水平下降,诊断为甲状腺功能亢进。2.合并妊娠,应首选的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙硫氧嘧啶", "B": "他巴唑", "C": "卡比马唑", "D": "放射性碘剂"}, "answer": "丙硫氧嘧啶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列对胸内压的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "负压是由肺的弹性回缩力造成的", "B": "平静呼吸时,吸气末胸内压高于呼气末", "C": "气胸时,胸内负压减小或消失", "D": "胸内负压有利于静脉回流"}, "answer": "平静呼吸时,吸气末胸内压高于呼气末", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于大叶性肺炎的描述,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "纤维素性炎", "B": "造成整个大叶破坏", "C": "咳铁锈色痰", "D": "多见于青壮年"}, "answer": "造成整个大叶破坏", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.凝血时间延长.血浆凝血酶原时间正常,白陶土部分凝血活酶时间延长(  )。", "options": {"A": "凝血活酶形成障碍", "B": "纤维蛋白形成障碍", "C": "血小板质或量的异常", "D": "血管壁的异常"}, "answer": "凝血活酶形成障碍", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于细菌内毒素的下列描述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "仅来源于G-菌,G+菌不产生内毒素", "B": "为细菌细胞壁脂多糖成分,在细菌裂解时释放", "C": "性质稳定,耐热160℃,2~4小时才被破坏", "D": "抗原性强,经甲醛处理脱毒可制备类毒素疫苗"}, "answer": "抗原性强,经甲醛处理脱毒可制备类毒素疫苗", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,70岁。健康体检时B超发现胆囊内有约0.8cm直径的结石,随体位活动,口服法胆囊造影,充盈缺损不明显,既往无胃病史,无胆囊炎发作史,无心脏病、糖尿病史。目前的治疗建议是(  )。", "options": {"A": "观察,随诊", "B": "溶石疗法", "C": "中药排石", "D": "选择性腹腔镜胆囊切除术"}, "answer": "观察,随诊", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,28岁。婚后4年未孕。月经初潮12岁,5年前起月经稀发、经量减少,近2年闭经,体重增加8kg。查体:BP 120/80mmHg,BMI 26㎏/㎡。双乳有触发泌乳。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "垂体泌乳素瘤", "B": "卵巢功能早衰", "C": "希恩综合征", "D": "多囊卵巢综合征"}, "answer": "垂体泌乳素瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是引起肺褐色硬化最常见的疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "二尖瓣狭窄", "B": "主动脉瓣闭锁不全", "C": "肺动脉瓣狭窄", "D": "肺动脉栓塞"}, "answer": "二尖瓣狭窄", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是与抗原结合后可激活补体经典途径的Ig?(  )", "options": {"A": "IgM和IgG", "B": "IgA和IgG", "C": "IgE和IgG", "D": "IgD和IgE"}, "answer": "IgM和IgG", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.可用于描述两连续型变量之间相关关系的统计图是(  )。", "options": {"A": "散点图", "B": "圆图", "C": "直方图", "D": "线图"}, "answer": "散点图", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男孩,1岁。发热伴咳嗽,气促7天,自出生后喂养困难,生长发育落后,多次患肺炎。查体:T 38℃,P 120次/分,R 50次/分,消瘦,呼吸急促,双肺可闻及细湿啰音,胸骨左缘上方闻及粗糙响亮的收缩期杂音,腹软,肝肋下3cm,质中,脾肋下未触及,手指甲床可见毛细血管搏动。3.该患儿目前最易发生的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血栓形成", "B": "生长落后", "C": "充血性心力衰竭", "D": "营养不良"}, "answer": "充血性心力衰竭", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有生命危险的体液pH值上限是(  )。", "options": {"A": "7.8", "B": "7.7", "C": "7.9", "D": "7.5"}, "answer": "7.8", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,男,7岁,咳嗽1周,喘3天,无发热,门诊就诊。2.哪一项检查对诊断有帮助?(  )", "options": {"A": "血常规", "B": "X线正位片", "C": "冷凝集试验", "D": "OT试验"}, "answer": "X线正位片", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "静注硫酸镁不用于(  )。", "options": {"A": "子痫", "B": "高血压危象", "C": "低镁伴洋地黄中毒性心律失常", "D": "导泻"}, "answer": "导泻", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "念珠菌性阴道病的主要感染途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内源性", "B": "间接性", "C": "性传播", "D": "垂直"}, "answer": "内源性", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,32岁,系复发性甲亢病人,现药物治疗6个月,FT3、FT4正常,甲状腺Ⅱ。肿大,TSAb滴度仍高,且较前无明显下降,下一步的治疗应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "加大抗甲状腺药物剂量", "B": "继续目前治疗", "C": "手术治疗", "D": "除原治疗外,加免疫抑制剂"}, "answer": "手术治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "当刺激强度低于阈强度时,刺激可兴奋组织将(  )。", "options": {"A": "不引起任何反应", "B": "引起电紧张扩布的局部兴奋", "C": "引起可传导的局部电位", "D": "引起可传导的动作电位"}, "answer": "引起电紧张扩布的局部兴奋", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.多灶萎缩性胃炎的胃酸分泌(  )。", "options": {"A": "缺乏", "B": "正常或减少", "C": "少量增加", "D": "没有变化"}, "answer": "正常或减少", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于情绪情感概念的理解不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是人对客观事物是否符合自身需要而产生的态度体验", "B": "人本身的生理状态也可以成为情绪情感的来源", "C": "在情绪和情感的产生过程中,需要起着关键性作用", "D": "情绪情感从本质上来讲是一种态度"}, "answer": "情绪情感从本质上来讲是一种态度", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "8月女婴,生后一直人工喂养,尚未加辅食,近日时有夜惊多汗,今日突然惊厥发作,四肢抖动,面色苍白,约1分钟自行缓解,抽后玩耍如常,近二日流涕,但无发热及咳嗽,查体:营养发育较差,前囱平坦,方颅,颈强(-),心肺正常。1.该患儿诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "高热惊厥", "B": "病毒性脑炎", "C": "低血糖症", "D": "营养性维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症"}, "answer": "营养性维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.Mφ产生的能活化T细胞的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IL-l", "B": "IL-2", "C": "IL-5", "D": "IL-6"}, "answer": "IL-l", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.属于链球菌感染的证据为(  )。", "options": {"A": "瓣膜病", "B": "皮下结节", "C": "抗“O”>500U", "D": "血沉增快、CRP阳性"}, "answer": "抗“O”>500U", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.上述哪项是胃蛋白酶水解的片段?(  )", "options": {"A": "2Fab段+Fc段", "B": "F(ab')2+Fc'", "C": "可变区", "D": "稳定区"}, "answer": "F(ab')2+Fc'", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "晨僵在哪类关节炎中表现最为突出?(  )", "options": {"A": "强直性脊柱炎(AS)", "B": "类风湿关节炎(RA)", "C": "感染性关节炎", "D": "风湿性关节炎"}, "answer": "类风湿关节炎(RA)", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "艾滋病患者晚期淋巴结的病理变化特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋巴滤泡增生", "B": "副皮质区增生", "C": "窦组织细胞增生", "D": "淋巴细胞消失殆尽"}, "answer": "淋巴细胞消失殆尽", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "老年抑郁症患者除抑郁心境外,另一种突出的情绪是(  )。", "options": {"A": "情绪不稳", "B": "情感淡漠", "C": "焦虑", "D": "欣快感"}, "answer": "焦虑", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "体温调节的基本中枢位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓", "B": "延髓", "C": "丘脑", "D": "下丘脑"}, "answer": "下丘脑", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "疣状赘生物是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "心内膜上附壁血栓", "B": "心内膜新生物", "C": "心瓣膜纤维化", "D": "心瓣膜钙化"}, "answer": "心内膜上附壁血栓", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不符合左向右分流先天性心脏病共同特征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸骨左缘收缩期杂音", "B": "容易并发肺部感染", "C": "肺动脉区第二心音增强", "D": "蹲踞现象"}, "answer": "蹲踞现象", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,48岁。右颈部包块伴发热1个月入院,活检诊断为弥漫性大细胞型,B细胞来源,脾肋下5cm,骨髓穿刺涂片内有12%淋巴肉瘤细胞。1.最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "非霍奇金淋巴瘤", "B": "急性白血病", "C": "慢性淋巴细胞白血病", "D": "转移瘤"}, "answer": "非霍奇金淋巴瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "日本发生的水俣病是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "铅中毒", "B": "苯中毒", "C": "锰中毒", "D": "汞中毒"}, "answer": "汞中毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.语言、风俗习惯的改变属(  )。", "options": {"A": "躯体性应激源", "B": "社会性应激原", "C": "心理性应激源", "D": "职业性应激源"}, "answer": "职业性应激源", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "强心苷主要用于治疗下列哪种疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "完全性心脏传导阻滞", "B": "心包炎", "C": "二尖瓣重度狭窄", "D": "充血性心力衰竭"}, "answer": "充血性心力衰竭", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "引起鹅口疮的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "石膏样小孢子菌", "B": "口腔链球菌", "C": "白色念球菌", "D": "口腔螺旋体体"}, "answer": "白色念球菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.脑桥(  )。", "options": {"A": "大脑后动脉供血", "B": "大脑中动脉供血", "C": "基底动脉供血", "D": "椎动脉供血"}, "answer": "基底动脉供血", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "子宫内膜异位症应用性激素治疗是用于(  )。", "options": {"A": "镇静,止痛,对症治疗", "B": "促进排卵", "C": "减轻痛经程度", "D": "抑制内膜增生"}, "answer": "抑制内膜增生", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一个tRNA反密码子为5’-IGC-3’,它可以识别的密码是(  )。", "options": {"A": "5’-GCA-3’", "B": "5’-ACG-3’", "C": "5’-CCG-3’", "D": "5’-UCG-3’"}, "answer": "5’-GCA-3’", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.细菌性感染与食入不洁海产品有关的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "变形杆菌", "B": "副溶血性弧菌", "C": "产气荚膜梭菌", "D": "白喉棒状杆菌"}, "answer": "副溶血性弧菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医疗机构从事药剂技术工作必须配备(  )。", "options": {"A": "管理制度", "B": "检验仪器", "C": "相应的卫生条件", "D": "依法经过资格认定的药学技术人员"}, "answer": "依法经过资格认定的药学技术人员", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "能降低血糖水平的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胰岛素", "B": "肾上腺素", "C": "胰高糖素", "D": "生长素"}, "answer": "胰岛素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,63岁。咳嗽、痰中带血丝半年余。吸烟40余年。胸部X线片示右上肺近肺门处肿块影。1.为明确病理诊断,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "开胸活检", "B": "胸腔镜活检", "C": "纵隔镜活检", "D": "支气管镜活检"}, "answer": "支气管镜活检", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.腹股沟疝修补术,切口愈合良好(  )。", "options": {"A": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅰ/甲”", "B": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅲ/丙”", "C": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅱ/乙”", "D": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅲ/甲”"}, "answer": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅰ/甲”", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在免疫应答过程中,巨噬细胞能够(  )。", "options": {"A": "表达TCR", "B": "产生细胞因子", "C": "表达CD3分子", "D": "发生基因重排"}, "answer": "产生细胞因子", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.血站对献血者每次采集血液量最多不得超过(  )。", "options": {"A": "200ml", "B": "300ml", "C": "400ml", "D": "500ml"}, "answer": "400ml", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,25岁,昨晚吃剩饭一碗,当时发生上腹痛,持续恶心、呕吐。体温36.5℃,上腹部压痛,肠鸣音活跃。白细胞总数、分类及粪常规正常。首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性胃炎", "B": "急性胰腺炎", "C": "胃溃疡", "D": "胃神经官能症"}, "answer": "急性胃炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.注射甘露醇利尿的基本原理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球滤过率降低", "B": "水利尿", "C": "渗透性利尿", "D": "尿崩症"}, "answer": "渗透性利尿", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "胎盘未剥离时过早挤揉子宫可造成(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎盘滞留", "B": "胎盘剥离不全", "C": "胎盘嵌顿", "D": "胎盘植入"}, "answer": "胎盘剥离不全", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "突然发生,完全不能用患者当时的处境和心理背景来解释的妄想是(  )。", "options": {"A": "关系妄想", "B": "被害妄想", "C": "原发性妄想", "D": "超价观念"}, "answer": "原发性妄想", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "病人因急性弥漫性腹膜炎需急症手术,正确的原则和步骤不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "关腹前在腹腔内用抗生素控制感染", "B": "术后一般放置腹腔引流", "C": "寻找引起腹膜炎的原发灶", "D": "根据怀疑病变脏器的部位确定手术切口"}, "answer": "关腹前在腹腔内用抗生素控制感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "初产妇,27岁。妊娠32周,阴道少量流血及规律腹痛2小时。肛门检查:宫颈管消失,宫口开大1.5cm。2.该患者不恰当的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉滴注硫酸镁", "B": "使用缩宫素引产", "C": "口服沙丁胺醇", "D": "左侧卧位"}, "answer": "使用缩宫素引产", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "8岁女孩,主因发热2周收入院。查体:T38℃,P100次/分,咽稍充血,心肺(-),双足背见二处结节性红斑,化验血沉100mm/h,ASO1257U,PPD(-)。2.首选的药物治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "泼尼松", "B": "大剂量丙种球蛋白", "C": "维生素C", "D": "阿司匹林"}, "answer": "阿司匹林", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,21岁。午后发热伴胸闷、气短1周入院,胸部X线片示:左侧胸腔积液(大量)。其气短的最主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阻塞性通气功能障碍", "B": "肺组织弥散功能障碍", "C": "限制性通气功能障碍", "D": "动静脉分流"}, "answer": "限制性通气功能障碍", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哺乳类动物体内直接催化尿酸生成的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿酸氧化酶", "B": "黄嘌呤氧化酶", "C": "腺苷脱氨酶", "D": "核苷酸酶"}, "answer": "黄嘌呤氧化酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肾病综合症合并有大脑血栓形成的患者,下列药物治疗中作用肯定的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿司匹林", "B": "双嘧达莫", "C": "低分子肝素", "D": "氯吡格雷"}, "answer": "低分子肝素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下运动神经元瘫痪的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "痉挛性瘫痪", "B": "肌张力增高", "C": "出现病理反射", "D": "弛缓性瘫痪"}, "answer": "弛缓性瘫痪", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.有关医院和医务人员在战争中对伤病员中立的文献是(  )。", "options": {"A": "《道德与文明》", "B": "《希波克拉底誓言》", "C": "《日内瓦宣言》", "D": "《荷兰会议》"}, "answer": "《日内瓦宣言》", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.阿米巴痢疾的主要病变部位(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃、十二指肠", "B": "小肠", "C": "回肠末端", "D": "盲肠、升结肠"}, "answer": "盲肠、升结肠", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,23岁,间断发热、关节痛1年半月来高热、皮疹、下肢浮肿;血压120/80mmHg,皮肤无紫癜,肝脾不大,尿蛋白(+++),尿红细胞5~10/HP,颗粒管型偶见,Hb 98g/L,网织红细胞5%,血BUN 7mmol/L。5.本例病人治疗宜首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "非甾体抗炎药", "B": "肾上腺糖皮质激素", "C": "免疫抑制剂", "D": "抗疟药"}, "answer": "肾上腺糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于小儿泌尿系生理特点错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿及婴儿易发生酸中毒", "B": "新生儿及婴儿尿稀释功能差", "C": "脱水时幼婴尿渗透压最高不超过700mmol/L", "D": "新生儿肾小球滤过率平均为20ml/(min·1.73m2)"}, "answer": "新生儿及婴儿尿稀释功能差", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,50岁。既往乙型肝炎病史20余年,今晨突发呕血,色鲜红,量约为1500mL,急至医院就诊。查体:BP 80/50mmHg,P 106次/分,面色苍白,四肢末梢凉,脾肋缘下5cm,触及移动性浊音(+),腹壁可见静脉曲张。至医院后患者又呕血一次,量约300mL。2.不恰当的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "三腔二囊管压迫", "B": "急诊剖腹探查,止血", "C": "输血", "D": "纤维胃镜介入治疗"}, "answer": "急诊剖腹探查,止血", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于青春期,哪项描述是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "营养物质需要多,胃肠功能不成熟,容易发生消化系统和营养性疾病", "B": "生长发育出现第二个高峰,生殖系统发育成熟", "C": "循环系统发生巨大变化,由胎儿型变为成人型", "D": "智力发育基本成熟,自我控制能力增强,可以接受文化教育"}, "answer": "生长发育出现第二个高峰,生殖系统发育成熟", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,55岁。间歇性全程无痛肉眼血尿2个月。静脉尿路造影可见右肾盂充盈缺损。首先考虑的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾结石", "B": "肾结核", "C": "肾癌", "D": "肾盂癌"}, "answer": "肾盂癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肺气肿是指病变发生在(  )。", "options": {"A": "气管", "B": "支气管", "C": "呼吸性细支气管以远肺组织", "D": "肺泡"}, "answer": "呼吸性细支气管以远肺组织", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "36岁男性,病人23岁结婚后半年开始怀疑爱人作风不正,常争吵,打爱人,过后又同爱人说:“我也不信,就是耳朵里有人说你和别人有两性关系。”一次在田间劳动时突然看到全家人被一起埋在一个大坑里,当天突然将农场一台拖拉机砸毁,过后解释说是听到国家领导人在空中说:“快砸。”病人14~15岁时有抽搐发作四五次。其祖母患癫痫病。体格和神经系统检查正常,脑电各区暴发性尖慢活动,头部CT正常。其诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "癫痫性精神障碍", "B": "脑肿瘤所致精神障碍", "C": "偏执性精神病", "D": "精神分裂症"}, "answer": "癫痫性精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,20岁。因甲状腺功能亢进症行甲状腺大部分切除术。术后第二天出现手足抽搐。2.采用治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈部理疗", "B": "口服甲状腺素片", "C": "口服复方碘化钾溶液", "D": "静脉注射10%葡萄糖酸钙"}, "answer": "静脉注射10%葡萄糖酸钙", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5.属于自身抗原的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HLA", "B": "花粉", "C": "进入血液的精子", "D": "Forssman抗原"}, "answer": "进入血液的精子", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.多发性硬化(  )。", "options": {"A": "B27", "B": "DR2", "C": "DR3", "D": "DR4"}, "answer": "DR2", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "外阴癌ⅠB期,病灶位于侧边。正确处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "外阴广泛切除", "B": "外阴根治术+同侧腹股沟淋巴结清扫术", "C": "外阴根治术+双侧腹股沟淋巴结清扫术+尿道前部切除术", "D": "外阴广泛切除、直肠下段和肛管切除、人工肛门形成术及双侧腹股沟、盆腔淋巴结清扫。"}, "answer": "外阴根治术+同侧腹股沟淋巴结清扫术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.早期癌(  )。", "options": {"A": "结肠腺瘤性息肉病", "B": "胃中分化腺癌侵及粘膜下层", "C": "卵巢交界性粘液性囊腺瘤", "D": "食管低分化鳞癌侵及深肌层"}, "answer": "胃中分化腺癌侵及粘膜下层", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.急性有机磷农药中毒,轻度中毒(  )。", "options": {"A": "血胆碱酯酶<10%", "B": "血胆碱酯酶<20%", "C": "血胆碱酯酶<30%", "D": "血胆碱酯酶>50%"}, "answer": "血胆碱酯酶>50%", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.男性,24岁,昨日受凉,今晨起突感双下肢无力,1小时后双上肢也无力,四肢酸胀,因病情逐渐加重而入院。两年前曾发生四肢乏力,行走困难,两天后自愈。检查:四肢瘫痪,肌力l级,肌张力低,腱反射对称消失,其余神经检查无异常所见。最适宜的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺皮质激素", "B": "抗胆碱酯酶剂", "C": "氯化钾", "D": "抗菌素"}, "answer": "氯化钾", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,34岁,l年来情绪激动、失眠、心悸、疲乏、消瘦、话多、动作多、注意力不集中、突眼,诊断为甲状腺功能亢进所致精神障碍,其治疗原则哪一项是错误的(  )。", "options": {"A": "控制甲状腺功能亢进", "B": "防止感染", "C": "禁用精神药物", "D": "心理治疗"}, "answer": "禁用精神药物", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.遗传性球形红细胞增多症(  )。", "options": {"A": "酸溶血试验阳性", "B": "红细胞渗透脆性试验阳性", "C": "血红蛋白电泳试验异常", "D": "高铁血红蛋白还原试验异常"}, "answer": "红细胞渗透脆性试验阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,24岁,体检时发现甲状腺右叶内有一1cm大小的孤立结节,无任何自觉症状。1.甲状腺疾患的临床与辅助检查方法中,列叙述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺同位素扫描可以确定甲状腺病变是单发性或多发性", "B": "临床上触诊检查时,质地柔软的结节是囊性病变,而硬的结节都是实性病变", "C": "B超检查,可准确地辨别实性与囊性病变", "D": "针吸细胞学检查,简单易行,可准确的分辨良性与恶性病变"}, "answer": "B超检查,可准确地辨别实性与囊性病变", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有高血压的内分泌疾病中,尿儿茶酚胺增多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺功能亢进症", "B": "库欣综合征", "C": "肢端肥大症", "D": "嗜铬细胞瘤"}, "answer": "嗜铬细胞瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "膀胱镜检查适应证,以下哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "膀胱癌", "B": "逆行肾盂造影", "C": "尿道尖锐湿疣", "D": "结核性尿道狭窄"}, "answer": "结核性尿道狭窄", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "单纯机械性肠梗阻腹痛最主要的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "持续性隐痛", "B": "间歇性隐痛", "C": "持续性腹痛", "D": "阵发性绞痛"}, "answer": "阵发性绞痛", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于缺铁性贫血患儿输血治疗,以下错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一般病例毋需输血", "B": "重症贫血并发心功能不全或明显感染者可输浓缩红细胞", "C": "贫血愈重,一次输血量应愈大,速度应愈快,以尽快改善贫血状态", "D": "极重度贫血患儿可用浓缩红细胞换血"}, "answer": "贫血愈重,一次输血量应愈大,速度应愈快,以尽快改善贫血状态", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "糖皮质激素升高血糖的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "减少糖异生", "B": "抑制肝外组织的葡萄糖利用", "C": "促进脂酸合成", "D": "促进葡萄糖氧化"}, "answer": "抑制肝外组织的葡萄糖利用", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于tRNA的叙述哪项是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "tRNA是由103个核苷酸组成", "B": "5’端是-CCA", "C": "tRNA的二级结构是二叶草形", "D": "tRNA富有稀有碱基和核苷"}, "answer": "tRNA富有稀有碱基和核苷", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "指出哪种是人工被动免疫(  )。", "options": {"A": "接种抗毒素得到的免疫", "B": "通过胎盘或初乳得到的免疫", "C": "接种类毒素得到的免疫", "D": "输入LAK细胞"}, "answer": "接种抗毒素得到的免疫", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,56岁。反复尿频、尿急伴腰痛3年,夜尿增多1年,查体:BP 155/80mmHg,双肾区无叩痛。尿常规:蛋白微量;尿沉渣镜检RBC 1015/HP;WBC 30~35/HP;Scr 76μmol/L;尿渗透压342mOsm/kg·H2O;B超:左肾8.3cm×0.9cm。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性膀胱炎", "B": "急性肾盂肾炎", "C": "慢性肾盂肾炎", "D": "泌尿系结核"}, "answer": "慢性肾盂肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肺炎球菌荚膜多糖免疫家兔,可能出现的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "产生大量的IgG", "B": "产生大量的IgM", "C": "可发生再次应答", "D": "发生迟发型超敏反应炎症"}, "answer": "产生大量的IgM", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "28岁,妊娠36周,枕右前位,出现阴道流血,无宫缩,胎心136次/分。最恰当处理方法应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "缩宫素静脉滴注引产", "B": "立即行人工破膜", "C": "观察一周再行处理", "D": "立即静脉滴注止血药物"}, "answer": "观察一周再行处理", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有一老人被人打后,入院检查,出现口唇发绀、四肢凉、血压下降而死亡,其死亡原因最可能是下述哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "心肌梗死", "B": "肺动脉栓塞", "C": "动脉瘤破裂", "D": "心力衰竭"}, "answer": "心肌梗死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,26岁,病人称“有时眼前看到彩色光圈和几何图形,耳朵能听到一个乐团演奏肖邦的交响乐”,此症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "假性幻觉", "B": "真性幻觉", "C": "心因性幻觉", "D": "幻视"}, "answer": "真性幻觉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,55岁,半年内出现3次突然不能言语,每次持续30分钟左右,第3次伴右侧肢体麻木,既往有房颤病史,神经系统检查正常,诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "偏头痛", "B": "癫痫小发作", "C": "颈椎病", "D": "短暂性脑缺血发作(TLA)"}, "answer": "短暂性脑缺血发作(TLA)", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,40岁。近5个月来上腹胀痛、反酸,近3个月来反复呕吐,呕吐物为酸性宿食,按幽门梗阻内科治疗5天后缓解。2.如内科治疗1周不见好转,应如何处理?(  )", "options": {"A": "继续胃肠减压,补液", "B": "手术治疗", "C": "抗酸治疗", "D": "口服胃黏膜保护剂"}, "answer": "手术治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,59岁。进行性呼吸困难1个月,无发热。体检示气管向右侧偏移,左侧胸廓饱满,左肺叩诊呈实音,呼吸音消失,诊为胸腔积液。胸水检查示,外观呈淡黄色,比重1.024,有核细胞数1000×106/L,单核细胞0.80,胸水总蛋白36g/L。3.为明确诊断,最佳的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部B超", "B": "胸水培养", "C": "胸腔镜检查", "D": "胸部CT"}, "answer": "胸腔镜检查", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "58岁男性,突然右眼失明,左上肢无力,2天后右眼视力好转,但左侧肢瘫加重。查体:血压110/90mmHg,意识清,左侧中枢性面舌瘫,左侧上下肢瘫,左偏身感觉障碍。其阻塞血管可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "右侧大脑中动脉皮质支", "B": "右侧大脑中动脉主干", "C": "右侧大脑前动脉深穿支", "D": "右侧颈内动脉"}, "answer": "右侧颈内动脉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "细菌细胞壁的主要成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "磷壁醛酸", "B": "脂质A", "C": "核心多糖", "D": "肽聚糖"}, "answer": "肽聚糖", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.既有免疫原性,又有免疫反应性(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸腺依赖性抗原", "B": "胸腺非依赖性抗原", "C": "完全抗原", "D": "共同抗原"}, "answer": "完全抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症与先天性巨结肠的临床鉴别点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有无特殊面容及精神神经反应迟钝", "B": "有无便秘", "C": "有无腹胀", "D": "有无脐疝"}, "answer": "有无特殊面容及精神神经反应迟钝", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,46岁。因白带多半年,性交后出血1周就诊。宫颈刮片病理:宫颈鳞癌,浸润深度7mm,肉眼见癌灶最大直径≤4cm。2.选的手术方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫全切术", "B": "广泛性子宫切除术+盆腔淋巴结切除术", "C": "放射治疗", "D": "术后及放射综合治疗"}, "answer": "广泛性子宫切除术+盆腔淋巴结切除术", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "结核菌素试验为阳性反应,下列判断错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "表明机体已感染过结核分枝杆菌", "B": "表明机体接种卡介苗成功", "C": "表明机体对结核分枝杆菌有一定的特异性免疫力", "D": "表明机体对结核分枝杆菌无免疫力"}, "answer": "表明机体对结核分枝杆菌无免疫力", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "多根、多处肋骨骨折合并开放性气胸,首先应采取的抢救措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸氧,输血", "B": "胸壁牵引固定", "C": "闭合伤口", "D": "辅助正压呼吸"}, "answer": "闭合伤口", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,10岁,水肿、少尿4日,今日头晕、眼花,恶心、呕吐2次,抽搐l次。查体:体温37.6℃,血压22/16kPa(165/120mmHg),眼睑及双下肢水肿。尿检:蛋白质(++),红细胞15~20个/HP。血尿素氮5.8mmol/L。1.诊断考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾炎合并循环充血", "B": "急性肾炎合并高血压脑病", "C": "急性肾炎合并肾功能不全", "D": "慢性肾炎"}, "answer": "急性肾炎合并高血压脑病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列有关糖异生途径关键酶的叙述中,哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "丙酮酸激酶", "B": "丙酮酸羧化酶", "C": "果糖双磷酸酶-1", "D": "葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶"}, "answer": "丙酮酸激酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.滋养细胞肿瘤的标志物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "AFP", "B": "ACTH", "C": "E2", "D": "β-hCG"}, "answer": "β-hCG", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,42岁。左下肢疼痛,行走后加重3年。早期常感患肢麻木,行走后疼痛,短暂休息可缓解,近来疼痛日益加重。吸烟20余年。查体:T 36.3℃,BP 100/70mmHg。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉硬化性闭塞症", "B": "下肢静脉曲张", "C": "雷诺综合征", "D": "血栓闭塞性脉管炎"}, "answer": "血栓闭塞性脉管炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "维生素B12缺乏性巨幼红细胞性贫血确诊的重要依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "典型血象改变", "B": "明显的精神、神经症状", "C": "血清叶酸含量降低", "D": "血清维生素B12含量降低"}, "answer": "血清维生素B12含量降低", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,31岁。曾诊断为颅内动脉瘤破裂出血,3天后,剧烈头痛、意识朦胧、躁动、频繁呕吐,查体可见视神经乳头水肿。可能的判断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "再次出血", "B": "术后并发症", "C": "脑梗死", "D": "脑积水"}, "answer": "再次出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,15岁,高度水肿,尿蛋白(+++),管型少许,血清蛋白15g/L,血胆固醇10mmol/L,应用泼尼松4周,尿量增加,水肿消退,尿蛋白(+++),此时应用哪项措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "泼尼松原剂量继续治疗", "B": "泼尼松开始减量", "C": "加用清蛋白,泼尼松开始减量", "D": "加用消炎痛,泼尼松减量"}, "answer": "泼尼松原剂量继续治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.垂体性尿崩症(  )。", "options": {"A": "注射加压素后,尿量不减少,尿比重不增加", "B": "注射加压素后,尿量减少,尿比重增加", "C": "禁水后尿量减少,尿比重增加", "D": "多饮、多尿,血糖升高"}, "answer": "注射加压素后,尿量减少,尿比重增加", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有关结核性腹膜炎临床表现的描述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主要表现为腹痛、腹胀,结核中毒症状少见", "B": "青壮年多见,男女比例约为1:2", "C": "多数可触及腹部包块", "D": "多数可伴有肝脾结核"}, "answer": "青壮年多见,男女比例约为1:2", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "30岁患者,1年来反复发作瞪视不动,意识模糊,奔跑、游走等,持续约半小时逐渐清醒,事后对行为毫无记忆。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "Jackson癫痫", "C": "感染性精神病", "D": "复杂部分性发作"}, "answer": "复杂部分性发作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,36岁,突然寒战高热,腰痛并尿急,尿痛1周,既往无类似病史,检查:体温39.4℃,右侧肾区叩击痛阳性,尿蛋白(+),白细胞20~30个/HP,白细胞管型0~2个/低倍,比重1.022。1.此病人最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾结石并泌尿系感染", "B": "膀胱炎", "C": "急性肾盂肾炎", "D": "肾炎合并泌尿系感染"}, "answer": "急性肾盂肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于氯丙嗪有误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对刺激前庭引起的呕吐有效", "B": "可阻断脑内多巴胺受体", "C": "可使正常人体温下降", "D": "可抑制促皮质激素的分泌"}, "answer": "对刺激前庭引起的呕吐有效", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肝脏中含量最多的LDH同工酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "LDH1", "B": "LDH3", "C": "LDH4", "D": "LDH5"}, "answer": "LDH5", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "7个月女婴,因3~4天来咳嗽入院,以往曾多次患“肺炎、肠炎”。查体:体重5.2kg,身长62cm,心(-),肺有干啰音和大水泡音,肌肉松弛。不可能出现的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部皮下脂肪0.8cm", "B": "结膜毕脱斑", "C": "肌张力减低", "D": "皮肤粘膜苍白"}, "answer": "腹部皮下脂肪0.8cm", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "中枢神经系统白血病多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "急单核细胞白血病", "B": "急性粒细胞白血病", "C": "慢性粒细胞白血病", "D": "儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病"}, "answer": "儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,35岁。低热伴咳嗽3周,咳少量白痰。使用多种抗生素治疗无效。胸部X线片示右下叶背段斑片状影,有多个不规则空洞,无液平面。为明确诊断,应首先进行的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "痰涂片革兰染色", "B": "痰涂片抗酸染色", "C": "痰真菌培养", "D": "胸部CT"}, "answer": "痰涂片抗酸染色", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列引起原发性闭经的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "空蝶鞍综合征", "B": "Turner综合征", "C": "Asherman综合征", "D": "咽颅管瘤"}, "answer": "Turner综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者左眼睑下垂,眼球外斜视,右侧中枢性偏瘫,病变位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "右侧脑桥", "B": "左侧脑桥", "C": "左侧中脑", "D": "左侧脑桥及中脑"}, "answer": "左侧中脑", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "体内细胞色素C直接参与的反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生物氧化", "B": "脂肪酸合成", "C": "糖酵解", "D": "叶酸还原"}, "answer": "生物氧化", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "能防止和逆转慢性心功能不全引起的心室肥厚并能降低病死率的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "米力农", "B": "地高辛", "C": "硝普钠", "D": "卡托普利"}, "answer": "卡托普利", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,38岁,支气管哮喘。用沙美特罗替卡松每日3次,效果仍然不佳,则应采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "加大药物用量", "B": "加用白三烯调节剂口服", "C": "色甘酸钠", "D": "加用酮替芬"}, "answer": "加用白三烯调节剂口服", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "HAV从体内排出最主要的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发病前后2周内", "B": "发病2周后", "C": "恢复期", "D": "发病后1个月"}, "answer": "发病前后2周内", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.免疫球蛋白D(  )。", "options": {"A": "水解乙酰胆碱", "B": "抑制凝血酶", "C": "专与血红素结合", "D": "属抗体"}, "answer": "属抗体", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "子宫切除后,最易损伤输尿管的步骤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "处理骨盆漏斗韧带", "B": "处理子宫圆韧带", "C": "处理子宫血管及子宫主、骶韧带", "D": "缝合后腹膜"}, "answer": "处理子宫血管及子宫主、骶韧带", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者为右利手,意识清,能理解他人讲话内容,但不能表达自己的意图,病变位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "左侧额中回后部", "B": "左侧额下回后部", "C": "左侧角回", "D": "左侧顶上小叶"}, "answer": "左侧额下回后部", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,48岁,近1个月感口渴,饮水量增至每天2000mL。身高156 cm,体重71kg,空腹血糖180 mg/dL(10.0 mmol/L),餐后血糖252 mg/dL(14.0 mmol/L),系初次发现血糖高,过去无糖尿病史。2.按以上建议治疗3个月后空腹血糖163 mg/dL(86mmol/L),餐后血糖225mg/dL(12.5mmol/L),进一步治疗建议(  )。", "options": {"A": "格列齐特", "B": "二甲双胍", "C": "阿卡波糖", "D": "正规胰岛素"}, "answer": "二甲双胍", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "病毒的水平传播是指病毒(  )。", "options": {"A": "从侵入门户向血液中的传播", "B": "在人群不同个体间的传播", "C": "通过血液向其他组织中传播", "D": "母—婴传播"}, "answer": "在人群不同个体间的传播", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "沿海某城镇,于9月、10月间发生一批症状类似的急性病人约200余人,多数为儿童及青少年,症状主要是短期发热,伴乏力、恶心、纳差,大部分病人有黄疸及肝肿大。血常规正常,尿蛋白阴性,血培养阴性。3.流行期间,易感人群中的接触者可通过哪种途径防止发病?(  )", "options": {"A": "接种乙肝疫苗", "B": "接种人血清或丙种球蛋白", "C": "注射干扰素", "D": "注射转移因子"}, "answer": "接种人血清或丙种球蛋白", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是吗啡镇痛的作用机制?(  )", "options": {"A": "激动中脑盖前核的阿片受体", "B": "阻断大脑边缘系统的阿片受体", "C": "激动大脑边缘系统的阿片受体", "D": "激动脑室导水管周围灰质的阿片受体"}, "answer": "激动脑室导水管周围灰质的阿片受体", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,65岁。大量呕血、黑便1天。既往有胃溃疡病史20年,曾有多次出血史。查体:P 126次/分,BP 86/50mmHg,神情紧张,烦躁,手足湿冷,腹软,上腹部压痛(+),肠鸣音亢进。血常规:Hb 90g/L,血细胞比容0.30。心电图示窦性心动过速。1.对该患者目前首选的重要治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "输注浓缩红细胞", "B": "立即静注止血药物", "C": "冰盐水200ml+去甲肾上腺素8mg胃内灌注", "D": "快速静滴平衡盐溶液"}, "answer": "快速静滴平衡盐溶液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.心身疾病(  )。", "options": {"A": "疾病的加重与缓解与心理因素密切相关", "B": "植物神经功能障碍,伴情绪不稳、易激惹", "C": "厌食可与贪食交替出现", "D": "为了减肥不吃主食,只吃菜或水果,直至体重达到满意程度"}, "answer": "疾病的加重与缓解与心理因素密切相关", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,56岁。干咳,渐进性呼吸困难,诊断为特发性肺纤维化,最具特征性的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "RV降低", "B": "VC减少", "C": "FEV1减少", "D": "FVC减少"}, "answer": "VC减少", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "人体内最重要的氨基酸脱氨方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氧化脱氨基作用", "B": "联合脱氨基作用", "C": "非氧化脱氨基作用", "D": "核苷酸循环脱氨基作用"}, "answer": "联合脱氨基作用", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.X线显示日光放射状骨膜反应的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨巨细胞瘤", "B": "骨软骨瘤", "C": "骨肉瘤", "D": "骨纤维异常增殖症"}, "answer": "骨肉瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项与无芽孢厌氧菌无关?(  )", "options": {"A": "最常见的是脆弱类杆菌", "B": "寄生于皮肤与粘膜的正常菌群", "C": "分泌物或脓汁粘稠,有恶臭,有时有气体", "D": "有特定病型"}, "answer": "有特定病型", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "阿司匹林没有哪一种作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "抗炎、抗风湿", "B": "抑制环加氧酶", "C": "高剂量时才能抑制血小板聚集", "D": "高剂量时也能抑制PGl2的合成"}, "answer": "高剂量时才能抑制血小板聚集", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,40岁。幽门梗阻致反复呕吐15天入院,呼吸浅慢,血压90/70mmHg(12.0/9.3kPa)。实验室检查:血清钾3.0mmol/L、钠130mmol/L,pH 7.5,血浆HCO35mmol/L。5.如果在补液过程中尿量小于30ml/h,不应补给(  )。", "options": {"A": "10%氯化钾", "B": "0.9%氯化钠", "C": "5%葡萄糖", "D": "5%葡萄糖盐水"}, "answer": "10%氯化钾", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,63岁,4年前开始,近l年日益加重,不认识女儿,摔废旧物品,出门找不到家,不会穿衣,常呆坐,呆立呆望,不言不语,对人冷淡,不关心家人。既往史:有冶游史。躯体神经系统检查:无异常精神检查,意清,定向障碍,记忆障碍,个位数计算正确,两位数加法常错,夜间不眠,到处摸索,说身边有人唱歌内容听不清,流露出悲观情绪,未见自杀行为,生活不能自理。化验:康华试验阴性,CSF正常,CT示脑萎缩、额颞叶明显。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "老年性痴呆", "B": "脑肿瘤", "C": "脑血管性痴呆", "D": "正常压力脑积水所致痴呆"}, "answer": "老年性痴呆", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.硫脲类的主要不良反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "诱发心绞痛", "B": "粒细胞缺乏", "C": "甲状腺功能减退", "D": "血管神经性水肿"}, "answer": "粒细胞缺乏", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,63岁。间断咳嗽15年,活动后气短3年,pH7.32,PaCO256mmHg,PaO252mmHg。下述氧疗和呼吸支持治疗措施中,应首选的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "气道保护治疗", "B": "机械通气", "C": "支气管扩张药", "D": "抗生素治疗"}, "answer": "机械通气", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一足月新生儿,日龄3天,生后16h出现黄疸,总胆红素102μmol/L,第2、3天血清胆红素分别为204μmol/L和306pmol/L,为明确诊断,首选哪项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "血型及血型抗体检查", "B": "肝功能检查", "C": "血清甲胎蛋白含量测定", "D": "红细胞G-6-PD活性测定"}, "answer": "血型及血型抗体检查", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心理学的研究对象是人的(  )。", "options": {"A": "心理活动和行为", "B": "智力和观念", "C": "心理活动和观念", "D": "智力和情绪"}, "answer": "心理活动和行为", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.呼吸链中的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "NADH脱氢酶", "B": "丙酮酸脱氢酶", "C": "葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶", "D": "6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶"}, "answer": "NADH脱氢酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "成人新鲜股骨干闭合性横折患者,治疗时首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "切开复位内固定", "B": "手法复位,髋“人”字石膏固定", "C": "手法复位,夹板固定", "D": "卧床制动休息"}, "answer": "切开复位内固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,60岁,患风湿性关节炎,口服泼尼松和多种非甾体抗感染药5个月,近日突发自发性胫骨骨折,其原因可能与哪一种药物有关?(  )", "options": {"A": "吲哚美辛", "B": "布洛芬", "C": "泼尼松", "D": "保泰松"}, "answer": "泼尼松", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于脂肪氧化分解过程的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "含16个碳原子的软脂酸经过8次β-氧化", "B": "脂肪酰CoA需转运入线粒体", "C": "脂肪酸首先要活化生成脂肪酰CoA", "D": "β-氧化的4步反应为脱氢、加水、再脱氢和硫解"}, "answer": "含16个碳原子的软脂酸经过8次β-氧化", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有一名53岁男性患者,入院前3小时突然头痛呕吐,CT检查后入院,入院查体:意识清,痛苦面容,四肢肌张力肌力改变不明显,项强(-),头CT左侧裂池有高密度影像。3.最根本治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脱水治疗", "B": "止血治疗", "C": "绝对卧床休息", "D": "动脉瘤夹闭术"}, "answer": "动脉瘤夹闭术", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.造成医疗事故的,向患者(  )。", "options": {"A": "罚款", "B": "责令暂停6个月以上1年以下执业活动", "C": "承担民事赔偿责任", "D": "承担刑事责任"}, "answer": "承担民事赔偿责任", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肛裂病人肛门疼痛的特点正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "疼痛多为隐痛", "B": "排便后出现肛门隐痛可延续数小时", "C": "排便时与排便后疼痛之间有间歇期", "D": "疼痛无规律"}, "answer": "排便时与排便后疼痛之间有间歇期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "细胞毒试验可选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "51Cr释放法", "B": "蛋白质印迹法", "C": "ELISA试验", "D": "放射免疫测定法"}, "answer": "51Cr释放法", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对视野缺损病变定位有误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "顶叶病变引起双眼同向性下象限盲", "B": "一侧视束病变引起双颞侧偏盲", "C": "一侧枕叶视中枢病变引起双眼同向性偏盲、黄斑回避", "D": "一侧视神经病变引起单眼全盲"}, "answer": "一侧视束病变引起双颞侧偏盲", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "中度敌百虫中毒患者,下述哪一项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "及早用阿托品和双复磷", "B": "立即用2%NaHCO3水10000ml彻底洗胃", "C": "立即静脉注射阿托品", "D": "缓解后观察3~5天,注意病情变化"}, "answer": "立即用2%NaHCO3水10000ml彻底洗胃", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "非预激综合症的器质性心脏病患者伴心室率增快或心功能不全时,需立即用药,首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "洋地黄", "B": "硝普钠", "C": "西地兰", "D": "奎尼丁"}, "answer": "西地兰", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,42岁,因呕吐咖啡色液体及黑便来诊。既往无胃病及肝病史。查体:面色稍苍白,血压100/60mmHg,心率92次/分,腹软,肝脾未触及,肠鸣音活跃。2.药物治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "质子泵抑制剂", "B": "硫糖铝", "C": "生长抑素制剂", "D": "胶体次枸橼酸铋"}, "answer": "质子泵抑制剂", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对职业人群进行医学监护的内容不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "定期体检", "B": "就业前体检", "C": "职业有害因素监测", "D": "离岗或转岗时体检"}, "answer": "职业有害因素监测", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.应进行头颅B超检查(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆红素脑病", "B": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病", "C": "新生儿溶血病", "D": "新生儿败血症"}, "answer": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项可见NAP活性明显增高?(  )", "options": {"A": "急性淋巴细胞白血病缓解期", "B": "慢性粒细胞白血病慢性期", "C": "恶性淋巴瘤Ⅳ期", "D": "类白血病反应"}, "answer": "类白血病反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.易导致肝、脾、淋巴结明显肿大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性粒细胞白血病", "B": "急性单核细胞白血病", "C": "红白血病", "D": "急性淋巴细胞白血病"}, "answer": "急性淋巴细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.额叶皮层损害(  )。", "options": {"A": "单瘫", "B": "截瘫", "C": "四肢瘫", "D": "交叉瘫"}, "answer": "单瘫", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿急性肾小球肾炎起病前常有皮肤感染,前驱期常有多长时间(  )。", "options": {"A": "4~5周", "B": "3~4周", "C": "2~3周", "D": "1~2周"}, "answer": "2~3周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "化脓性关节炎与关节结核的关节液区别点在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "臭味", "B": "黏稠度", "C": "白细胞总数及中性粒细胞所占比例", "D": "积液量的多少"}, "answer": "白细胞总数及中性粒细胞所占比例", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪一项不是甲状旁腺激素的作用(  )。", "options": {"A": "动员骨钙入血", "B": "促进远曲小管重吸收钙", "C": "促进远曲小管分泌磷", "D": "间接增强小肠吸收钙"}, "answer": "促进远曲小管分泌磷", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.心钠素(  )。", "options": {"A": "通过蛋白激酶A通路发挥作用", "B": "通过蛋白激酶G通路发挥作用", "C": "通过受体型酪氨酸蛋白激酶途径发挥作用", "D": "通过JAK—STAT途径发挥作用"}, "answer": "通过蛋白激酶G通路发挥作用", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪种情感反应不属于情感性质的改变?(  )", "options": {"A": "情感高涨", "B": "情感低落", "C": "恐惧", "D": "情感倒错"}, "answer": "情感倒错", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.幼儿急疹的病原是(  )。", "options": {"A": "柯萨奇病毒", "B": "带状疱疹病毒", "C": "人类疱疹病毒6型", "D": "呼吸道合胞病毒"}, "answer": "人类疱疹病毒6型", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于佐剂的叙述,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "佐剂是特异性免疫增强剂", "B": "可刺激单核/巨噬细胞,增加它对抗原的处理和呈递", "C": "最常用于动物实验的是弗氏佐剂", "D": "与免疫原混合后可增强抗原在体内存留时间"}, "answer": "佐剂是特异性免疫增强剂", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "冷凝集试验用于诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸道合胞病毒性肺炎", "B": "巨细胞病毒感染", "C": "支原体肺炎", "D": "链球菌感染"}, "answer": "支原体肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女孩,4岁,因高热2h,惊厥2次,无吐泻,于8月12日来院急诊。发病前曾去公园玩,吃过苹果、葡萄。体检:体温40.2℃,重病容,神志欠清,面色青灰,四肢凉,血压56/30mmHg(7.5/4kPa)。1.该患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高热惊厥", "B": "流行性乙型脑炎", "C": "中毒型细菌性痢疾", "D": "中暑"}, "answer": "中毒型细菌性痢疾", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "所有骨髓均为红骨髓见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "1周岁内", "B": "4周岁内", "C": "2周岁内", "D": "5周岁内"}, "answer": "1周岁内", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某患者因有机磷中毒住院治疗,在应用阿托品治疗时,不是阿托品治疗有效指标的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颜面潮红", "B": "口干、皮肤干燥", "C": "瞳孔较前缩小", "D": "肺部音减少或消失"}, "answer": "瞳孔较前缩小", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.好发于年轻女性,生长缓慢,与月经周期无关系的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺囊性增生病", "B": "乳腺纤维腺瘤", "C": "乳房结核", "D": "乳腺癌"}, "answer": "乳腺纤维腺瘤", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不符合脑膜炎奈氏菌送检标本的采集原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "采集标本注意无菌操作", "B": "采集的标本要立即送检,并保温保湿", "C": "标本送检中要保持低温和干燥条件", "D": "采集标本应在使用抗菌药物之前"}, "answer": "标本送检中要保持低温和干燥条件", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.病人觉得周围人说话指桑骂槐,含沙射影,都是针对他的(  )。", "options": {"A": "被害妄想", "B": "夸大妄想", "C": "关系妄想", "D": "疑病妄想"}, "answer": "关系妄想", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.真正有效的通气量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺活量", "B": "用力肺活量", "C": "肺总容量", "D": "肺泡通气量"}, "answer": "肺泡通气量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "机体获得人工主动免疫的方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "注射抗毒素", "B": "注射类毒素", "C": "注射细胞因子", "D": "通过胎盘从母体获得"}, "answer": "注射类毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "决定肺内气体交换方向的主要因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "气体的分压差", "B": "气体的溶解度", "C": "气体的相对分子质量", "D": "气体的溶解度"}, "answer": "气体的分压差", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,50岁。因胸骨后剧痛10小时来院急诊,诊断为急性心肌梗死入院。立即做冠状动脉造影,显示左冠状动脉回旋支中段阻塞。入院15小时突然死亡。1.患者急性期心肌梗死心电图表现应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ST段弓背向上抬高,可见病理性Q波", "B": "ST段水平样压低", "C": "T波高耸,ST段位于基线", "D": "室性心动过速"}, "answer": "ST段弓背向上抬高,可见病理性Q波", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.金黄色葡萄球菌肠炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "大便呈暗绿色、海水样,粘液较多。便常规有大量脓细胞、革兰阳性细菌", "B": "大便呈水样便、腥臭味,便常规有白细胞,少量红细胞", "C": "大便呈稀黄色,泡沫较多,可呈豆腐渣样、便常规少量白细胞", "D": "秋季起病,大便呈蛋花汤样、量多、次数多、无腥臭味,便常规偶见白细胞"}, "answer": "大便呈暗绿色、海水样,粘液较多。便常规有大量脓细胞、革兰阳性细菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.有刺激抗利尿激素分泌作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "美吡达(格列比嗪)", "B": "糖适平(格列喹酮)", "C": "氯磺丙脲", "D": "格列波脲"}, "answer": "氯磺丙脲", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "何者应该对医患关系的协调负主要责任?(  )", "options": {"A": "医者", "B": "政府", "C": "社会", "D": "新闻媒体"}, "answer": "医者", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "24岁女性,干部,告诉医师自己在饭厅吃饭觉得菜很淡,想拿酱油,但别人先拿走了;想喝水时,有人即去倒水,认为别人了解自己的想法。该症状属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "嫉妒妄想", "B": "罪恶妄想", "C": "夸大妄想", "D": "思维被洞悉"}, "answer": "思维被洞悉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在牛奶培养基中培养时会产生“汹涌发酵”现象的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "破伤风梭菌", "B": "炭疽杆菌", "C": "产气荚膜梭菌", "D": "肉毒梭菌"}, "answer": "产气荚膜梭菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "使基础代谢率增高的主要激素为(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖皮质激素", "B": "肾上腺素", "C": "雌激素", "D": "甲状腺激素"}, "answer": "甲状腺激素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.能体现人体实验知情同意原则的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "以健康人或病人作为人体实验的受试对象", "B": "人体实验都需要伦理委员会审查", "C": "参与人体实验的受试者只有得到专家的允许后,中途才可以退出实验", "D": "脆弱人群若参加人体实验,需要监护人的签字同意"}, "answer": "脆弱人群若参加人体实验,需要监护人的签字同意", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,60岁,直肠癌手术后病理报告:中分化腺癌,5.8cm×4.2cm×3cm,侵及阴道后壁,肠系膜淋巴结3/7,查见转移癌,该病人dukes分期应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "B1期", "B": "C1期", "C": "C2期", "D": "D期"}, "answer": "D期", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男婴,8个月。腹泻3天,大便10余次/日,蛋花汤样伴少量黏液,呕吐,4~5次/日。嗜睡,口干,尿量少。体检:精神萎靡,皮肤干燥、弹性较差,眼窝及前囟明显凹陷,哭时泪少。血钠132mmol/L,血钾4mmol/L。3.第二天如需静脉补充生理需要量,应选择哪种液体?(  )", "options": {"A": "1∶l含钠液", "B": "0.9%氯化钠", "C": "ORS液", "D": "10%葡萄糖"}, "answer": "ORS液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,35岁。头痛伴视物模糊3个月,偶伴抽搐,曾在大便中发现带状节片。2.为明确诊断,最重要的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头颅X线片", "B": "腰穿脑脊液检查", "C": "脑室造影", "D": "头颅MRI"}, "answer": "头颅MRI", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不是细菌合成代谢产物的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "外毒素", "B": "内毒素", "C": "类毒素", "D": "色素"}, "answer": "类毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列选项不是妄想特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "无事实依据但坚定不移的相信", "B": "内容与个人利益安全密切相关", "C": "具有个人特征,不同于集体共有的信念", "D": "是一种虚幻的知觉体验"}, "answer": "是一种虚幻的知觉体验", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "先天性风疹综合征(CRS)即胎儿或新生儿患先天性白内障、心脏病等,原因是孕妇(  )。", "options": {"A": "在孕期1~5个月患风疹", "B": "在孕期6~7个月患风疹", "C": "在孕期8~9个月患风疹", "D": "分娩时患风疹"}, "answer": "在孕期1~5个月患风疹", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,30岁。里急后重伴排便不尽感2个月,大便带血近1个月。肛门见可复性肿物,直肠指诊于直肠侧壁触及柔软光滑有蒂包块。对于诊断最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结肠镜", "B": "经直肠B超", "C": "结肠X线钡灌肠检查", "D": "经阴道B超"}, "answer": "结肠镜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "膀胱Ta期乳头状癌的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膀胱部分全切除术", "B": "局部治疗", "C": "膀胱灌注化疗", "D": "经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术"}, "answer": "经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,28岁。尿频、尿急、尿痛2天,无发热及腰痛,既往无类似发作。查体:双肾区无叩击痛,血WBC 5.4×109/L,尿WBC 30~40/HP,RBC 10~15/HP。亚硝酸盐试验(+)。该患者抗感染治疗疗程应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "3天", "B": "7天", "C": "10天", "D": "2周"}, "answer": "3天", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关节脱位的特有体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "反常活动", "B": "疼痛与压痛", "C": "关节面外露", "D": "弹性固定"}, "answer": "弹性固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某患者服用碳酸酐酶抑制剂乙酰唑胺后出现尿液NaCl、水、HCO3-排出增多,以及代谢性酸中毒。该患者出现代谢性酸中毒是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小管H+-Na+交换减弱", "B": "肾小管K+-H+交换增加", "C": "肾小球滤过率降低", "D": "肾小管Na+重吸收减少"}, "answer": "肾小管H+-Na+交换减弱", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,20岁,病史10天,发热,贫血,出血,肝、脾轻度肿大,颈部淋巴结肿大,伴关节痛,血红蛋白60g/L,白细胞35×109/L,血小板80×109/L。首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "风湿热", "B": "急性白血病", "C": "淋巴病", "D": "SLE"}, "answer": "急性白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,38岁,半月前拔牙,次晨畏寒发热,咳嗽,痰量逐渐增多,呈脓性有臭味,胸片示左下肺大片阴影,有空洞,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左下肺炎症", "B": "左下肺脓肿", "C": "肺癌", "D": "左下肺支气管扩张症"}, "answer": "左下肺脓肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,18岁,有性生活史,停经58天,下腹痛伴阴道流血10天,5天前似有组织块自阴道排出,近3天下腰疼痛加重,阴道流血量较月经多,有臭味,平素月经规律。查体:T 38℃,尿HCG(±),妇科检查:阴道多量血液,有臭味,宫体稍大,触痛明显,附件略增厚,有压痛,血常规:WBC 15×109/L,N 0.9,Hb 85g/L,Plt 145×109/L。1.该患者最可能的主要诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "流产合并感染", "B": "宫外孕合并感染", "C": "不全流产", "D": "难免流产"}, "answer": "流产合并感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,64岁,2型糖尿病10年,平日疏于治疗。此次因呕吐、腹泻3天,意识不清1天入院。4.该患者补液时应选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "低渗盐水", "B": "等渗盐水", "C": "葡萄糖液", "D": "血浆"}, "answer": "等渗盐水", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗量的阿托品能引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃肠平滑肌松弛", "B": "瞳孔散大,眼内压降低", "C": "心率加快", "D": "中枢抑制"}, "answer": "胃肠平滑肌松弛", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,38岁。膝、踝、腕、双手关节疼痛2年,出现蛋白尿3个月,24h尿蛋白3.0g,为明确诊断,最需要做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗核抗体谱", "B": "抗“O”", "C": "类风湿因子", "D": "肾功能指标"}, "answer": "抗核抗体谱", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "秋季流行腹泻中,6个月小儿,2天吐泻20余次,精神萎靡,皮肤干燥,弹性较差,眼窝明显凹陷,尿量明显减少,唇干肢冷,血压70/40mmHg,体温36.5℃,恰当补液应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "90~120ml/(kg·d)", "B": "90ml/(kg·d)", "C": "120~150ml/(kg·d)", "D": ">180ml/(kg·d)"}, "answer": "120~150ml/(kg·d)", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "结核性脑膜炎,侧脑室引流的指征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "频繁惊厥", "B": "持续高热", "C": "明显的脑膜刺激征", "D": "出现脑疝先兆"}, "answer": "出现脑疝先兆", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,30岁。发现高血压1年,发热、咽痛3天,肉眼血尿1天。查体:BP 160/100mmHg,咽红,扁桃体Ⅱ度,双下肢水肿。化验:尿蛋白2.56g/24h,尿沉渣镜检RBC满视野,血肌酐210μmol/L,尿比重1.018,肝功能正常,乙肝两对半阴性,血IgA升高。无高血压家族史。3.下列治疗措施中,不妥的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素", "B": "止血药物", "C": "控制血压", "D": "休息"}, "answer": "止血药物", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,40岁。近5个月来上腹胀痛、反酸,近3个月来反复呕吐,呕吐物为酸性宿食,按幽门梗阻内科治疗5天后缓解。1.幽门梗阻的原因可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "黏膜炎症,水肿", "B": "溃疡愈合瘢痕形成", "C": "复合型溃疡", "D": "癌变"}, "answer": "黏膜炎症,水肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,25岁,反酸伴黑粪1个月余,体重无明显变化,查体:贫血貌,腹软,无压痛、反跳痛,肝、脾肋下未及。1.为明确诊断首选检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血常规", "B": "胃镜检查", "C": "胃肠钡剂检查", "D": "肝功能试验"}, "answer": "胃镜检查", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,60岁,因便血3个月来诊。直肠镜检查发现距肛缘4cm直肠前壁2cm×2cm肿块,取活检病理检查为直肠乳头状腺癌,最佳的手术方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹会阴联合直肠癌根治术", "B": "经腹直肠癌切除、骶前吻合术", "C": "经肛门局部切除术", "D": "Hartmann手术"}, "answer": "腹会阴联合直肠癌根治术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.低血压休克时尿量减少的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球滤过率降低", "B": "囊内压升高", "C": "水利尿", "D": "尿崩症"}, "answer": "肾小球滤过率降低", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "钩端螺旋体病主要的传染源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鼠、猪", "B": "猪、牛", "C": "猪、羊", "D": "猪、狗"}, "answer": "鼠、猪", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.属于非典型抗精神病药物的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "碳酸锂", "B": "氟西汀", "C": "利培酮", "D": "阿普唑仑"}, "answer": "利培酮", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,62岁。腹部阵发性疼痛伴腹胀,停止排气排便2天。既往有类似发作,但较轻。查体:P 100次/分,BP 110/70mmHg,腹肌紧张,压痛明显,反跳痛阳性,移动性浊音阳性。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻痹性肠梗阻", "B": "绞窄性肠梗阻", "C": "完全性高位肠梗阻", "D": "单纯性机械性肠梗阻"}, "answer": "绞窄性肠梗阻", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新生儿胆红素代谢特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞数相对多,但生后破坏少", "B": "RBC寿命比成人长20~40天", "C": "来自肝及组织内的血红素蛋白少", "D": "无效造血较多"}, "answer": "无效造血较多", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于ATP循环和高能磷酸键的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ADP获得~P生在ATP", "B": "ATP将~P转移给GDP生成GTP", "C": "ATP将~P转移给CDP生成CTP", "D": "磷酸肌酸不能将~P转移给ADP"}, "answer": "磷酸肌酸不能将~P转移给ADP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肿瘤的间质主要指哪些成分?(  )", "options": {"A": "淋巴管", "B": "结缔组织", "C": "血管及结缔组织", "D": "网状支架"}, "answer": "血管及结缔组织", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,46岁。劳力性心慌、气短5年。查体:肝肋下3cm,质地韧,边缘钝,轻压痛。肝颈静脉回流征阳性,该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脂肪肝", "B": "肝炎", "C": "肝淤血", "D": "肝癌"}, "answer": "肝淤血", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.用于流行病学人群感染情况调查的抗体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgA", "B": "IgG", "C": "IgD", "D": "IgE"}, "answer": "IgG", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿腹泻常见的电解质紊乱是(  )。", "options": {"A": "代谢性酸中毒", "B": "代谢性碱中毒", "C": "呼吸性碱中毒", "D": "混合性酸中毒"}, "answer": "代谢性酸中毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,36岁,心悸、怕热、多汗3个多月,体重下降5kg。查体:无突眼,双手细颤,甲状腺Ⅱ°大,可闻血管杂音,心率108/分,结合实验室检查确诊为Graves病甲亢。白细胞3.0×109/L,肝功能ALT 46μmol/L,AST 36μmol/L。患者能否用核素131I治疗的关键检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝功能", "B": "抗甲状腺抗体水平", "C": "甲状腺核素扫描", "D": "甲状腺131I摄取率"}, "answer": "甲状腺131I摄取率", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "诊断气性坏疽早期依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病史及临床表现", "B": "严重的败血症和溶血性贫血", "C": "血培养培养出革兰氏阳性杆菌", "D": "渗出物涂片找到革兰氏阳性杆菌"}, "answer": "病史及临床表现", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "天然ABO的血型抗体属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgA", "B": "IgD", "C": "IgE", "D": "IgM"}, "answer": "IgM", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "针对有幻觉妄想及情感平淡、意志减退的患者,宜选用的非经典抗精神病药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯丙嗪", "B": "地西泮", "C": "利培酮", "D": "泰尔登"}, "answer": "利培酮", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某地发生了甲肝流行,乡村卫生院应当按照国家规定,对以下人员采取有效的防护措施和医疗保健措施,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "在工作中可能接触传染病病原体的", "B": "所有从事传染病相关工作的", "C": "与传染病病人密切接触的家属", "D": "现场处理疫情的"}, "answer": "所有从事传染病相关工作的", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.DSM为(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神与行为障碍分类", "B": "精神障碍诊断与统计手册", "C": "疾病及有关健康的国际分类", "D": "中国精神障碍分类方案"}, "answer": "精神障碍诊断与统计手册", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.结肠破裂的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹膜炎严重,呈板状腹", "B": "腹膜炎出现较晚,但较重", "C": "腹膜炎出现较晚且较轻", "D": "无腹膜刺激征"}, "answer": "腹膜炎出现较晚,但较重", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "因结核引起的支气管扩张最好发的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主支气管", "B": "上叶前段", "C": "上叶尖后段", "D": "中叶"}, "answer": "上叶尖后段", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "苯丙酮尿症神经系统表现主要为(  )。", "options": {"A": "智能发育落后", "B": "肌张力增高", "C": "癫痫小发作", "D": "腱反射亢进"}, "answer": "智能发育落后", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,40岁,大量持续饮酒10余年,突然停饮后不认识家人,看见地上很多小鼠在跑,十分紧张,同时伴失眠,四肢粗大震颤,兴奋躁动,走路蹒跚,大汗淋漓。2.该病最佳的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗焦虑治疗", "B": "心理治疗", "C": "先给小量饮酒,以后进行戒酒治疗", "D": "电休克治疗"}, "answer": "先给小量饮酒,以后进行戒酒治疗", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下是伴有开放性颅脑损伤的凹陷骨折的处理原则,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "术前常规X线平片检查,了解骨折情况", "B": "防止感染,合理使用抗生素", "C": "术前常规X线平片检查,了解陷入脑内的骨折片的位置、数目等", "D": "一定要悉数摘除陷入颅内的骨片或异物"}, "answer": "一定要悉数摘除陷入颅内的骨片或异物", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.骨骼与心肌细胞中的脱氨基方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲硫氨酸循环", "B": "嘌呤核苷酸循环", "C": "鸟氨酸循环", "D": "丙氨酸.葡萄糖循环"}, "answer": "嘌呤核苷酸循环", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,36岁。慢性上腹痛8年。近来出现腹胀,频繁呕吐,有宿食。在进行诊断时,不宜选择的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃镜", "B": "上消化道钡剂造影", "C": "血电解质", "D": "腹部X线片"}, "answer": "上消化道钡剂造影", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "非浸润性突眼的突眼度一般不超过(  )。", "options": {"A": "15mm", "B": "14mm", "C": "16mm", "D": "18mm"}, "answer": "18mm", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下丘脑释放激素可引起所有下列垂体前叶激素的释放,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "生长激素", "B": "黄体生成素", "C": "卵泡刺激素", "D": "催乳素"}, "answer": "生长激素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,45岁。血AFP明显升高1个月。有慢性乙型肝炎病史10年。腹部B超发现肝内有3个实性结节,最大径分别为0.5cm,0.7cm和1.2cm,周围肝组织是明显的肝硬化改变,术后病理为原发性肝细胞性肝癌,其分型属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "大肝癌", "B": "弥漫型肝癌", "C": "结节型肝癌", "D": "巨块型肝癌"}, "answer": "结节型肝癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,45岁。1年来久站或长时间行走时觉左下腹部胀痛不适。查体:T 36.5℃,P 80次/分,R 18次/分,BP 120/80mmHg。双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心律齐。腹软,无压痛,立位左腹股沟韧带下方内侧突起半球形肿物,平卧时可缩小,咳嗽时无明显冲击感,压迫内环后肿物仍可复出。该患者最适宜的手术方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Shouldice法疝修补术", "B": "McVay法疝修补术", "C": "Bassini法疝修补术", "D": "Halsted法疝修补术"}, "answer": "McVay法疝修补术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.输血时同时输入低渗液体时可发生(  )。", "options": {"A": "循环超负荷", "B": "变态反应", "C": "溶血反应", "D": "细菌污染反应"}, "answer": "溶血反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,74岁。自觉因擦背着凉后两肩和后背阵阵酸痛,每阵10分钟左右,不发热,仍可下床走动。于今晨1时许,突然出现心前区剧痛,并向双肩、后背和左臂放射,伴大汗,休息后不见缓解,早8点急诊住院。检查:年迈,半卧位,无明显青紫,颈静脉不怒张,肺(一),心略向左侧扩大,心律尚齐,未闻心脏杂音及摩擦音。心电图:病理性Q波,ST段抬高,T波倒置。诊断:急性心肌梗死。为防止冠状动脉血栓的发展和心腔内附壁血栓的形成,病人应立即给予的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "华法林", "B": "醋硝香豆素", "C": "肝素", "D": "以上都不对"}, "answer": "肝素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "绒毛膜癌最常转移到(  )。", "options": {"A": "阴道", "B": "肝", "C": "肺", "D": "肠"}, "answer": "肺", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症的治疗原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "止惊-补钙-补维生素D", "B": "止惊-抗感染-降颅内压", "C": "止惊-静脉注射葡萄糖", "D": "止惊-退热-对症"}, "answer": "止惊-补钙-补维生素D", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,女,7岁,昨吃蚕豆,今皮肤黄染,临床印象溶血性黄疸,其红细胞可能缺乏的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶", "B": "葡萄糖激酶", "C": "丙酮酸激酶", "D": "6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶"}, "answer": "6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "普通培养基最适宜的灭菌方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "煮沸法", "B": "高压蒸汽灭菌法", "C": "流通蒸汽灭菌法", "D": "间歇灭菌法"}, "answer": "高压蒸汽灭菌法", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,60岁,1年行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术,病理诊断为高级别尿道上皮瘤,后未随访,3天前因肉眼血尿两次入院,膀胱镜检査发现膀胱肿瘤复发,直径3cm,病理诊断仍为高级别尿道上皮瘤,盆腔CT提示肿瘤侵及膀胱全层。最佳的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膀胱部分全切术", "B": "经尿道肿瘤电切", "C": "膀胱根治性切除术", "D": "化疗+支持治疗"}, "answer": "膀胱根治性切除术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.中枢神经系统病变导致的溃疡是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Cushing溃疡", "B": "十二指肠球后溃疡", "C": "Curling溃疡", "D": "卓艾综合征"}, "answer": "Cushing溃疡", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,10岁,阵发性腹痛、黑便2天,双下肢散在出血点,双膝关节肿胀,腹软,右下腹压痛。白细胞12.5×109/L,血小板200×109/L,血红蛋白lll319/L。尿常规:蛋白质(+),红细胞(+)/HP,颗粒管型0—3个/HP。3.首选治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗生素", "B": "肾上腺皮质激素", "C": "扑尔敏(氯苯那敏)", "D": "雷尼替丁"}, "answer": "肾上腺皮质激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.痉挛性偏瘫的步态是(  )。", "options": {"A": "跨阈步态", "B": "划圈样步态", "C": "剪刀状步态", "D": "慌张步态"}, "answer": "划圈样步态", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者将地上的草绳看成一条大蛇,这种表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "象征性思维", "B": "关系妄想", "C": "幻觉", "D": "错觉"}, "answer": "错觉", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "强心苷对下述哪种心衰疗效最好(  )。", "options": {"A": "心瓣膜病引起的心衰", "B": "维生素B1缺乏引起的心衰", "C": "心肌炎引起的心衰", "D": "甲状腺功能亢进引起的心衰"}, "answer": "心瓣膜病引起的心衰", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "失血性休克扩充血容量首选的液体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中分子右旋糖酐", "B": "平衡盐溶液", "C": "10%葡萄糖溶液", "D": "全血"}, "answer": "平衡盐溶液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "B型胃炎主要是由下列哪个原因引起?(  )", "options": {"A": "幽门螺杆菌感染", "B": "胆汁反流", "C": "吸烟", "D": "酒癖"}, "answer": "幽门螺杆菌感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "25岁初产妇,妊娠39周,宫口开全1小时,胎心110次/分,胎膜已破,羊水Ⅱ度混浊,胎头+4,左枕前位。此时正确的处理应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉滴注缩宫素加速产程进展", "B": "吸氧,等待自然分娩", "C": "立即行剖宫产术", "D": "产钳术助娩"}, "answer": "产钳术助娩", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于医德评价的方式,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "社会习俗、社会舆论和传统信念", "B": "内心信念、传统习俗和社会舆论", "C": "社会舆论、传统信念与良好动机", "D": "完美效果、社会习俗和内心信念"}, "answer": "内心信念、传统习俗和社会舆论", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5个月男婴,体温38℃,2天来咳嗽、喘憋明显。查体:呼吸急促,鼻扇三凹征明显,双肺听诊满布哮鸣音,偶有闻中、小水泡音,胸部X片:双侧肺纹理增强,可见小片状阴影,肺气肿改变明显,可诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎", "B": "肺炎支原体肺炎", "C": "腺病毒肺炎", "D": "衣原体肺炎"}, "answer": "呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列不符合甲状腺功能减退症临床表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "畏寒、乏力", "B": "反应迟钝、记忆力减退", "C": "食欲亢进、体重下降", "D": "声音低沉,唇厚舌大"}, "answer": "食欲亢进、体重下降", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪一种疾病易发展成肺心病?(  )", "options": {"A": "慢性支气管炎", "B": "小叶性肺炎", "C": "肺脓肿", "D": "肺癌"}, "answer": "慢性支气管炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "法洛四联症缺氧发作的处理,不用(  )。", "options": {"A": "吗啡", "B": "地高辛", "C": "普萘洛尔", "D": "膝胸卧位"}, "answer": "地高辛", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "反复输血的个体进行实体器官移植时易发生的现象是(  )。", "options": {"A": "异种移植排斥反应", "B": "慢性排斥反应", "C": "超急性排斥反应", "D": "急性排斥反应"}, "answer": "异种移植排斥反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.孕妇感染苍白密螺旋体首选的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素", "B": "头孢曲松", "C": "克林霉素", "D": "红霉素"}, "answer": "青霉素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3岁男孩,水肿2周入院。化验检查:尿蛋白(++++),24小时尿蛋白定量2g,血浆白蛋白21g/L,BUN3.5mmol/L,口服泼尼松30mg/d后2周,尿蛋白(-)。可能的病理类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "微小病变", "B": "膜性肾病", "C": "系膜增生性肾炎", "D": "新月体性肾炎"}, "answer": "微小病变", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "评定量表不同于心理测验主要在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "不需要常模", "B": "不用数量化", "C": "不必标准化", "D": "可不由本人评定"}, "answer": "可不由本人评定", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,70岁,下楼时不慎摔伤右髋部。查体:右下肢短缩。外旋50°畸形,右髋肿胀不明显,但有叩痛。1.该患最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右髋前脱位", "B": "右股骨颈骨折", "C": "右粗隆间骨折", "D": "右髋软组织损伤"}, "answer": "右股骨颈骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,65岁,平时有高血压、糖尿病多年。一天前发现左侧上、下肢活动受限,吐词不清,神志清楚。无明显头痛、呕吐,检查发现左侧上下肢肌力3级,左半身痛觉减退。临床上考虑可能性最大的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑出血", "B": "脑梗塞", "C": "短暂性脑缺血发作", "D": "脑血栓形成"}, "answer": "脑血栓形成", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,男,1.5岁,咳嗽、发热3天,双肺闻及散在的细湿啰音及广泛呼气时哮鸣音。血常规:白细胞15×109/L,中性粒细胞0.6;胸部正位片:两下肺散在斑片影。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "合胞病毒肺炎", "B": "支气管肺炎", "C": "支原体肺炎", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎"}, "answer": "支气管肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "休克患者治疗过程中中心静脉压为20cmH2O,血压120/80mmHg,处理原则为(  )。", "options": {"A": "适当补液", "B": "舒张血管", "C": "补液试验", "D": "强心"}, "answer": "舒张血管", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1岁内小儿体重前半年每月平均增长(  )。", "options": {"A": "200~300g", "B": "400~500g", "C": "500~600g", "D": "600~800g"}, "answer": "600~800g", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "哪项是法洛四联症最早且主要的表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "发绀", "B": "蹲踞", "C": "杵状指(趾)", "D": "活动耐力下降"}, "answer": "发绀", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.主动脉逆行造影可见主、肺动脉同时显影(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "动脉导管未闭", "D": "法洛四联症"}, "answer": "动脉导管未闭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于小儿身长的比例,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "出生时中点在脐下", "B": "2岁时中点在脐下", "C": "6岁时上部量与下部量相等", "D": "12岁时中点在耻骨联合上缘"}, "answer": "6岁时上部量与下部量相等", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.男孩,2岁。因高热半天,呕吐4次,反复抽搐2次于8月15日来诊。体检:体温40.0℃,血压100/80mmHg,心率96次/min,意识不清,呼吸节律不齐,颈软,心肺无异常,腹软。Kernig征、Brudzinski征均阴性,肛拭大便常规检查:红细胞0~1/Hp,WBC 30~40/Hp,吞噬细胞1~2/Hp(  )。", "options": {"A": "休克型中毒型细菌性痢疾", "B": "脑型中毒型细菌性痢疾", "C": "混合型中毒型细菌性痢疾", "D": "流行性乙型脑炎"}, "answer": "脑型中毒型细菌性痢疾", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "SLE累及器官发生率最高者为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾", "B": "中枢神经系统", "C": "浆膜", "D": "血液系统"}, "answer": "肾", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,50岁。持续胸痛8小时,喘憋2小时入院。既往无高血压病史。查体:BP 150/70mmHg,端坐位,双肺可闻及少许细湿啰音,心界不大,心率110次/分,律齐,P2>A2。心电图示Ⅰ、aVL、V1~V5导联ST段抬高0.1~0.4mV。可见病理性Q波。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压急症", "B": "肥厚型心肌病", "C": "急性心肌梗死", "D": "急性心包炎"}, "answer": "急性心肌梗死", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于结核化疗原则,下列选项不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应坚持早期,联用,大量,规律,全程用药", "B": "临床有结核中毒症状,X线病灶有炎性成分,需用化疗", "C": "对病灶部分硬结,痰菌阴性者,可先观察,暂不用化疗", "D": "初治病例如条件允许,尽量采用短程化疗(6个月)"}, "answer": "应坚持早期,联用,大量,规律,全程用药", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是参与Ⅰ型超敏反应的主要细胞?(  )", "options": {"A": "肥大细胞", "B": "NK细胞", "C": "致敏的T细胞", "D": "中性粒细胞"}, "answer": "肥大细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,3天,第一胎足月顺产,出生18小时发现皮肤黄染,吃奶好。体检:反应好,皮肤巩膜中度黄染,肝肋下2cm,子血型“B”,母血型“O”,血清胆红素257μmol/L(15mg/dl)。最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿肝炎", "B": "败血症", "C": "新生儿ABO溶血病", "D": "胆道闭锁"}, "answer": "新生儿ABO溶血病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肝硬化病人,近2天发热38℃,伴腹痛、腹泻、腹胀。查体:肝肋下未及,脾肋下触及3 cm,腹水征(+),下腹部有压痛及反跳痛,首先应做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝功化验", "B": "血常规,腹水常规", "C": "凝血酶原时间", "D": "便培养"}, "answer": "血常规,腹水常规", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.糖酵解中催化不可逆反应的酶有(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶", "B": "异柠檬酸脱氢酶", "C": "苹果酸脱氢酶", "D": "己糖激酶"}, "answer": "己糖激酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于大肠癌的描述,下列选项。正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "盲肠癌最多见", "B": "少数癌瘤产生CEA", "C": "Dukes D期有远隔器官转移", "D": "未分化癌多见"}, "answer": "Dukes D期有远隔器官转移", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "克罗恩(Crohn)病最常见的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹腔内脓肿", "B": "肠梗阻", "C": "大量便血", "D": "发生癌变"}, "answer": "肠梗阻", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "35岁,女性,因剧烈呕吐和腹泻水样物1天入院。查体:血压90/60mmHg,脉搏100次/L,腹部无压痛,心肺正常。首先需要处置的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用血管收缩剂", "B": "应用抗生素", "C": "补充液体", "D": "以上都不可以"}, "answer": "补充液体", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于早产儿的保暖措施,以下正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "根据体重、日龄选择适中的温度", "B": "头部戴绒布帽", "C": "体温低时不宜沐浴", "D": "以上均正确"}, "answer": "以上均正确", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "日本血吸虫的中间宿主是(  )。", "options": {"A": "豆螺", "B": "川卷螺", "C": "钉螺", "D": "沼螺"}, "answer": "钉螺", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,12岁,昨晚进食海鲜,今晨开始畏寒、发热、腹痛,以左下腹为甚,腹泻伴明显里急后重,大便8次,初为稀便,继之为黏液脓血便。此病例的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性细菌性痢疾轻型(不典型)", "B": "急性细菌性痢疾普通型(典型)", "C": "急性细菌性痢疾中毒型", "D": "慢性迁延性细菌性痢疾"}, "answer": "急性细菌性痢疾普通型(典型)", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,3个月。健康婴儿。体重5kg,用牛奶喂养,一般每天应给予8%糖牛奶和另给水分的量分别是(  )。", "options": {"A": "500ml和300ml", "B": "550ml和200m1", "C": "600ml和100ml", "D": "650ml和200ml"}, "answer": "550ml和200m1", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肉芽组织的主要成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋巴细胞", "B": "毛细血管和纤维母细胞", "C": "巨噬细胞", "D": "异物巨细胞"}, "answer": "毛细血管和纤维母细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "Th2细胞产生的哪种细胞因子抑制巨噬细胞产生IL-1和IL-6(  )。", "options": {"A": "IL-3", "B": "IL-5", "C": "IL-6", "D": "IL-10"}, "answer": "IL-10", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "脑动脉栓塞的栓子最可能来自(  )。", "options": {"A": "左心房附壁血栓", "B": "右心室附壁血栓", "C": "下肢股静脉血栓", "D": "肠系膜静脉血栓"}, "answer": "左心房附壁血栓", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,50岁。顽固性十二指肠溃疡3年,拟行手术治疗,该患者可选择的手术方式不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "毕Ⅰ式胃大部切除术", "B": "迷走神经干切断术", "C": "选择性迷走神经切断术", "D": "高选择性迷走神经切断术"}, "answer": "毕Ⅰ式胃大部切除术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "锋电位的幅值为(  )。", "options": {"A": "K+平衡电位与超射值之和", "B": "静息电位与负后电位之和", "C": "静息电位绝对值与超射值之和", "D": "Na+平衡电位"}, "answer": "静息电位绝对值与超射值之和", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "45岁男性,经理,送来急诊,自述半小时前突然感到气紧,胸闷,心悸,头晕,出汗,认为生命垂危,要求紧急处理。近1个月来,这种情况发生过3次,每次持续0.5~1h,发病间隙期一切正常,发病与饮食无明显关系。1.诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低钾血症", "B": "惊恐发作", "C": "心肌梗死", "D": "内脏性癫痫"}, "answer": "惊恐发作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,女,9个月,8kg,发热呕吐腹泻3天,大便蛋花汤样,无腥臭味,尿量明显少。精神萎靡,皮肤弹性差,眼凹陷,唇樱红,四肢凉,诊断为婴儿腹泻,血钠132mmol/L。2.第1天补液种类应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "2:1液", "B": "2:3:1液", "C": "维持液", "D": "1.4%碳酸氢钠"}, "answer": "2:3:1液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.乙胺丁醇的主要副作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "听神经损害", "B": "消化道反应", "C": "球后视神经炎", "D": "多发性神经炎"}, "answer": "球后视神经炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.ACTH兴奋试验无反应(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺皮质腺瘤或腺癌", "B": "Cushing病", "C": "Addison病", "D": "单纯性肥胖"}, "answer": "肾上腺皮质腺瘤或腺癌", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.医疗机构对甲类传染病疑似病人的处理方式为(  )。", "options": {"A": "予以隔离治疗,隔离期限根据医学检查结果确定", "B": "确诊前在指定场所单独隔离治疗", "C": "在指定场所进行医学观察和采取其他必要的预防措施", "D": "应当根据病情采取必要的治疗和控制传播措施"}, "answer": "确诊前在指定场所单独隔离治疗", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "人格核心是(  )。", "options": {"A": "能力", "B": "气质", "C": "性格", "D": "动机"}, "answer": "性格", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩,10岁。眼睑水肿伴少尿、血尿3天,3周前曾患皮肤脓疱。最主要的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "限盐", "B": "糖皮质激素", "C": "环磷酰胺", "D": "硝苯地平"}, "answer": "限盐", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.上述哪项能分泌IL-1和IL-12等细胞因子,参与免疫调节?(  )", "options": {"A": "Th1细胞", "B": "NK细胞", "C": "Tc(CTL)细胞", "D": "巨噬细胞"}, "answer": "巨噬细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,52岁,有胆管结石病史,近2天来右上腹疼痛,体温37.8℃,2小时前突然畏寒、寒战,体温达40℃,精神紧张兴奋,口渴,面色苍白,脉搏98次/分,有力,血压110/96mmHg,尿量26ml。2.下列哪一项不是其微循环变化的特征?(  )", "options": {"A": "微动脉,微静脉收缩", "B": "动静脉短路开放", "C": "直捷通道开放", "D": "静脉回心血量减少"}, "answer": "静脉回心血量减少", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,32岁。确诊为流行性出血热,现患者出现持续少尿3天。化验:血尿素氮58mmol/L。肌酐580μmol/L,血钾7.2mmol/L。最有效的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "增加排钾利尿药的剂量", "B": "加用胰岛素", "C": "血液透析", "D": "扩容治疗"}, "answer": "血液透析", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "14岁初中二年级女学生,患Graves病。治疗宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗甲状腺药物", "B": "立即手术治疗", "C": "131Ⅰ治疗", "D": "鼓励多食海带"}, "answer": "抗甲状腺药物", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "6.争强好胜(  )。", "options": {"A": "A型行为", "B": "B型行为", "C": "C型行为", "D": "E型行为"}, "answer": "A型行为", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "治疗需要获得病人的知情同意,其实质体现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尊重病人的自主性", "B": "不伤害病人的基本原则", "C": "有利于病人的基本原则", "D": "维护良好的医患关系"}, "answer": "尊重病人的自主性", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,45岁。右上腹痛2天。2天前聚餐后突发右上腹疼痛,伴恶心,呕吐胃内容物1次。查体:T 37.3℃,BP 130/80mmHg,右上腹压痛(+),Murphy征(+)。血WBC 14.1×109/L,N 0.82。进一步检查首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部B超", "B": "磁共振胰胆管成像", "C": "腹部CT", "D": "ERCP"}, "answer": "腹部B超", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.玻璃器皿宜采用(  )。", "options": {"A": "高压蒸汽灭菌", "B": "干烤", "C": "滤过除菌", "D": "紫外线"}, "answer": "干烤", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.葡萄胎时主要增高的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血淀粉酶检测", "B": "血清甲胎蛋白检测", "C": "血CEA", "D": "绒毛膜激素"}, "answer": "绒毛膜激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,40岁,发现血压高半年,最高达150/100mmHg,伴乏力,肌痛,口渴。吸烟20年。查体:血压170/100mmHg,肥胖,心脏不大,心律整齐,心率:76次/分,双下肢不肿。尿常规:尿蛋白(+),比重1.018,血钾3.1mmol/L。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性醛固醇增多症", "B": "肾性高血压", "C": "肾血管性高血压", "D": "嗜铬细胞瘤"}, "answer": "原发性醛固醇增多症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "脑挫裂伤的临床表现中,下列哪项不相符合(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤后立即昏迷绝大多数超过半小时", "B": "伤后立即出现局灶症状及体征", "C": "有迟发性瞳孔散大而无脑疝表现", "D": "腰穿脑脊液有红细胞"}, "answer": "有迟发性瞳孔散大而无脑疝表现", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "深Ⅱ度烧伤,无感染等并发症,愈合时间通常为(  )。", "options": {"A": "2~3日", "B": "1周", "C": "2周", "D": "3~4周"}, "answer": "3~4周", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "可治疗支气管哮喘的拟肾上腺素药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氨茶碱", "B": "去甲肾上腺素", "C": "甲氧明", "D": "异丙肾上腺素"}, "answer": "异丙肾上腺素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "新生儿生理性黄疸的原因不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆红素生成过多", "B": "肝-肠循环增加", "C": "新生儿红细胞寿命短", "D": "同族免疫性溶血"}, "answer": "同族免疫性溶血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "新生儿预防淋球菌所致脓漏眼的消毒剂是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2%~4%甲紫", "B": "2%红汞", "C": "1%硝酸银", "D": "2%碘伏"}, "answer": "1%硝酸银", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某患者双上肢痛温觉障碍,触觉和深感觉正常,病损位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "双侧颈5胸8前根", "B": "双侧颈5-胸8后根", "C": "双侧臂丛", "D": "颈5-胸2脊髓前联合"}, "answer": "颈5-胸2脊髓前联合", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,26岁,头痛2个月,加重伴呕吐及左侧肢体无力1周。查体:双侧视乳头水肿,左侧鼻唇沟变浅,左侧肢体肌力Ⅳ级,左下肢可引出Babinski征。2.最可能的定位诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大脑半球", "B": "小脑半球", "C": "脑室系统", "D": "脑干"}, "answer": "大脑半球", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男婴,10个月。近2个月出现面色黄,少笑不哭,智力发育倒退。查体发现四肢及头部颤抖,腱反射亢进,踝阵挛阳性。不符合该患儿诊断的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度34%", "B": "幼红细胞质发育落后于胞核", "C": "网织红细胞减少", "D": "平均红细胞血红蛋白量34pg"}, "answer": "幼红细胞质发育落后于胞核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.右肾盂结石直径3.5cm,B超检查肾盂分离3cm,应选择的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "输尿管软镜激光碎石", "B": "药物排石", "C": "经输尿管镜碎石", "D": "经皮肾镜碎石"}, "answer": "经皮肾镜碎石", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.国务院卫生行政部门(  )。", "options": {"A": "承担传染病监测、预测、流行病学调查、疫情报告以及其他预防控制工作", "B": "承担与医疗救治有关的传染病防治工作和责任区域内的传染源隔离预防工作", "C": "在各自的职责范围内负责传染病防治工作", "D": "主管全国传染病防治及其监督管理工作"}, "answer": "主管全国传染病防治及其监督管理工作", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.弥漫性细支气管肺泡癌的典型痰液为(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量白色泡沫状痰", "B": "大量脓性痰,有分层", "C": "大量乳状痰", "D": "大量白色黏液样痰"}, "answer": "大量白色黏液样痰", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,35岁,病人l年前出现情绪低落,悲观厌世,近半年转为情感高涨,言语、行为增多,自高自大,爱管闲事,讲话常滔滔不绝,眉飞色舞,有感染力,病人4年前头部受过外伤。该病人诊断考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑郁症", "B": "躁狂病", "C": "双相情感障碍", "D": "脑外伤所致精神障碍"}, "answer": "脑外伤所致精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.具蛋白激酶活性的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "cGMP", "B": "磷脂酰丝氨酸", "C": "IP3", "D": "GSH"}, "answer": "cGMP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "美国一女患者,患有严重的脑综合征、慢性褥疮、心脏病、糖尿病等,对环境没有感觉,只有原始的脑功能,有自主呼吸,没有认识、行为能力,且无改善的希望,住院不久即插入鼻饲管以维持生命。她的监护人要求取走鼻饲管,被主管医师拒绝,监护人向法院起诉要求强迫取走,法院同意并下令取走;但受理上诉的法院否定了这个决定,认为中止喂饲就是杀人。3年后,女患者死亡,她的鼻饲管仍保留着。2.对主管医师的行为的正确伦理评价是(  )。", "options": {"A": "完全不正确", "B": "完全正确", "C": "基本上正确,但应弄清患者本人意愿,彻底维护患者权益", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "基本上正确,但应弄清患者本人意愿,彻底维护患者权益", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "输卵管结扎术最适宜的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人工流产后3天", "B": "足月产后14天", "C": "月经后14天", "D": "月经后3~7天"}, "answer": "月经后3~7天", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,54岁,优秀话务员,近几年怀疑丈夫有外遇,看电视时激动,控制不住,外出走失一周找不到自己家,露宿,公安人员收留送回家,吃饭用手抓着吃,记忆力下降,行为幼稚。既往高血压7年,脑梗死后l0个月。神经系检查:血压225/110mmHg,说话口齿不清,右侧下肢轻偏瘫症状,肌张力增高,巴氏征(+)。精神检查:意识清晰,智力减退,个人生活不能自理,有二便失禁。2.诊断考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑肿瘤所致精神障碍", "B": "脑血管性痴呆", "C": "脑炎所致精神障碍", "D": "精神发育迟滞"}, "answer": "脑血管性痴呆", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.不宜作为医德修养的意义之根据的表述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医德修养为医务人员完善医德人格所必需", "B": "医德修养为妥善处理医护关系所必需", "C": "医德修养为转变不良医风所必需", "D": "医德修养为有效保护自己所必需"}, "answer": "医德修养为有效保护自己所必需", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "甲亢治疗方法中,最易引起甲状腺功能减退的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "他巴唑(甲巯咪唑)", "B": "丙硫氧嘧啶", "C": "放射性%7c3%7cI治疗", "D": "复方碘溶液"}, "answer": "放射性%7c3%7cI治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不属于治疗类风湿关节炎的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "双氯芬酸钠", "B": "青霉素", "C": "雷公藤多苷片", "D": "强的松"}, "answer": "青霉素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性肾衰竭(损伤)高钾血症选择血液透析,血钾浓度的下限是(  )。", "options": {"A": "6.0mmol/L", "B": "7.5mmol/L", "C": "6.5mmol/L", "D": "7.0mmol/L"}, "answer": "6.5mmol/L", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.胰岛素(  )。", "options": {"A": "通过蛋白激酶G通路发挥作用", "B": "通过蛋白激酶C通路发挥作用", "C": "通过受体型酪氨酸蛋白激酶途径发挥作用", "D": "通过JAK—STAT途径发挥作用"}, "answer": "通过受体型酪氨酸蛋白激酶途径发挥作用", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.毛果芸香碱的作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直接作用于受体", "B": "影响递质的生物合成", "C": "影响递质的代谢转化", "D": "影响递质的释放"}, "answer": "直接作用于受体", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于肾动脉粥样硬化的描述哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "病变可累及叶间动脉", "B": "常引起高血压", "C": "不会引起肾梗死", "D": "可以引起肾梗死"}, "answer": "不会引起肾梗死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肺硅沉着症最常见的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺真菌感染", "B": "肺栓塞", "C": "肺结核", "D": "肺鳞癌"}, "answer": "肺结核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "治疗急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎最常用的有效手术方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆囊造口术", "B": "胆总管切开、T管引流术", "C": "胆管空肠吻合术", "D": "胆囊空肠吻合术"}, "answer": "胆总管切开、T管引流术", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某幼儿园有200名儿童,近一周内有30名儿童患病,并且有相似的症状。这种情况称之为(  )。", "options": {"A": "散发", "B": "暴发", "C": "流行", "D": "传染"}, "answer": "暴发", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对杀伤病毒感染的靶细胞起主要作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "干扰素", "B": "体液免疫", "C": "细胞免疫", "D": "单核细胞吞噬系统"}, "answer": "细胞免疫", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "20岁男性,2月初发病,主诉寒战、高热、剧烈头痛1天,曾呕吐3次。查体:神志清,体温39.8℃,颈强(±),皮肤有瘀点,咽部略充血,心肺腹无异常,克氏征(-)。血白细胞20×109/L,中性粒细胞0.85。腰穿脑脊液米汤样,Pandy(+++),细胞数3000×106/L,中性粒细胞0.8,糖1.12mmol/L(20mg%)。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑型疟疾", "B": "化脓性脑膜炎", "C": "结核性脑膜炎", "D": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎"}, "answer": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列属于由内分泌疾病而引起尿量增多的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾衰多尿期", "B": "应用利尿剂", "C": "中枢性尿崩症", "D": "慢性肾盂肾炎"}, "answer": "中枢性尿崩症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有关蛋白质α-螺旋结构,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "稳定α-螺旋结构的是离子键", "B": "是二级结构的形式之一", "C": "一般蛋白质分子结构中都含有α-螺旋", "D": "有些侧链R基团不利于α-螺旋"}, "answer": "稳定α-螺旋结构的是离子键", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "防止霍乱流行最重要的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尽早发现隔离病人及疫源地处理", "B": "密切接触者检疫及预防服药", "C": "改善环境卫生及饮水食品管理", "D": "高危人群霍乱菌苗注射"}, "answer": "尽早发现隔离病人及疫源地处理", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列属于剖宫产绝对指征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骶耻外径15.5cm", "B": "枕后位", "C": "持续性枕横位", "D": "完全臀先露"}, "answer": "骶耻外径15.5cm", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.Colles骨折(  )。", "options": {"A": "餐叉样畸形", "B": "下肢短缩、外旋畸形", "C": "腕下垂", "D": "下肢短缩、内旋、内收畸形"}, "answer": "餐叉样畸形", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.中效糖皮质激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "地塞米松", "B": "氢化可的松", "C": "氟氢可的松", "D": "甲泼尼松龙"}, "answer": "甲泼尼松龙", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项为原发性与继发性三叉神经痛的鉴别主要依据?(  )", "options": {"A": "疼痛时间的长短", "B": "有无面部痛觉障碍,角膜反射有无改变", "C": "有无触发点或板机点", "D": "疼痛的范围"}, "answer": "有无面部痛觉障碍,角膜反射有无改变", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项不是人本主义疗法的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "把心理治疗看成一个转变过程", "B": "放松训练", "C": "以询者为中心", "D": "非指令性治疗的技巧"}, "answer": "放松训练", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "22岁男性,大学二年级学生。近一年来听课注意力不集中,发呆发愣,时有自语自笑,动作迟缓,吃一顿饭要一个多小时。5天前开始终日卧床,不吃饭,不知上厕所。精神检查:意识清晰,卧床不动不语,针刺其身体无反应,肌张力增高。令病人张嘴,反把嘴闭的更紧,把病人肢体摆成不舒服的姿势,可以保持很久不变,躯体及神经系统检查未见其他异常体征。3.最有效的治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗抑郁治疗", "B": "抗焦虑治疗", "C": "抗精神病治疗", "D": "抗生素治疗"}, "answer": "抗精神病治疗", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.在临床诊疗或开展以人为研究对象的医学研究时,应首先坚持(  )。", "options": {"A": "知情同意原则", "B": "保守秘密原则", "C": "诚实原则", "D": "公正原则"}, "answer": "知情同意原则", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "氨茶碱的主要平喘机制为(  )。", "options": {"A": "直接舒张支气管", "B": "抑制磷酸二酯酶", "C": "激活鸟苷酸环化酶", "D": "促进肾上腺激素的释放"}, "answer": "抑制磷酸二酯酶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,22岁,农民。因3天来发热,腰痛,眼周围痛,于11月30日入院。查体:T 38.4℃,BP 90/50mmHg,眼结膜充血,水肿,面潮红,两腋下有散在小出血点,血WBC 24×109/L,尿蛋白(+++)。为协助确诊,下列各项检查应选(  )。", "options": {"A": "血培养", "B": "肥达反应", "C": "外斐反应", "D": "肾综合征出血热特异性IgM抗体"}, "answer": "肾综合征出血热特异性IgM抗体", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "检测血液肿瘤标记物癌胚抗原(CEA)对直肠癌病人的意义是(  )。", "options": {"A": "早期诊断", "B": "分期的依据", "C": "决定手术方式", "D": "预测预后和监测复发"}, "answer": "预测预后和监测复发", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "营养要求条件最低的微生物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支原体", "B": "细菌", "C": "螺旋体", "D": "真菌"}, "answer": "真菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "以下疾病最常出现尿白细胞管型的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾盂肾炎", "B": "微小病变型肾病", "C": "急性肾小管坏死", "D": "急性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "急性肾盂肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "髋关节后脱位复位的最佳时期是(  )。", "options": {"A": "最初24~48小时", "B": "最初36~48小时", "C": "最初48~60小时", "D": "最初3~4天"}, "answer": "最初24~48小时", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "激活的Tc使靶细胞裂解的主要因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颗粒酶", "B": "穿孔蛋白", "C": "γ-IFN", "D": "Fas配体"}, "answer": "穿孔蛋白", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于记忆细胞的正确理解是(  )。", "options": {"A": "已接受过抗原刺激", "B": "可生存数月或数年", "C": "参加淋巴细胞再循环", "D": "以上都正确"}, "answer": "以上都正确", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "新生儿ABO溶血症,可发生于第一胎,因为自然界ABO抗原因子,可使O型血妇女的血清中产生(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗A、抗B的IgG", "B": "抗A、抗B的IgE", "C": "抗A、抗B的IgM", "D": "抗A、抗B的IgD"}, "answer": "抗A、抗B的IgG", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肺通气与血流比值反映了肺部气体交换时的匹配情况。通气与血流比值增大说明(  )。", "options": {"A": "解剖无效腔增大", "B": "解剖性动-静脉短路", "C": "功能性动-静脉短路", "D": "肺泡无效腔增大"}, "answer": "肺泡无效腔增大", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "预防接种异常反应是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "心理因素引起的个体心因性反应", "B": "合格疫苗在实施规范接种过程中给受种者造成损害", "C": "受种者在接种时正处于某种疾病的前驱期,接种后偶合发病", "D": "接种单位违反预防接种方案给受种者造成损害"}, "answer": "合格疫苗在实施规范接种过程中给受种者造成损害", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,55岁。进行性吞咽困难3个月,体重下降5kg,目前能进半流食。2.该患者食管吞钡检查不会出现的描述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "食管呈鸟嘴样改变", "B": "食管管壁僵硬", "C": "龛影", "D": "食管黏膜断裂"}, "answer": "食管呈鸟嘴样改变", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "定群研究又称(  )。", "options": {"A": "队列研究", "B": "病例对照研究", "C": "临床随访研究", "D": "试验研究"}, "answer": "队列研究", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "诊断肾结核,最可靠的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IVU见肾盏有破坏性改变", "B": "尿结核杆菌培养阳性", "C": "尿中找到抗酸杆菌", "D": "尿常规检查呈酸性脓尿"}, "answer": "尿结核杆菌培养阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.上述属于医生违背不伤害原则的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "医生的行为使某个患者受益,但却给别的患者带来了损害", "B": "妊娠危及母亲的生命时,医生给予引产", "C": "医生给患者实施粗暴性的检查", "D": "医生尊重患者是指满足患者的一切要求"}, "answer": "医生给患者实施粗暴性的检查", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.克罗恩病所见息肉主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "炎性息肉", "B": "错构瘤性息肉", "C": "绒毛状腺瘤性息肉", "D": "化生性息肉"}, "answer": "炎性息肉", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "Graves病是由于哪种细胞功能缺陷所致(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ts细胞", "B": "Th细胞", "C": "B细胞", "D": "K细胞"}, "answer": "Ts细胞", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "属于代偿性肥大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "妊娠子宫", "B": "哺乳期乳腺", "C": "地方性甲状腺肿", "D": "一侧肾摘除,对侧肾肥大"}, "answer": "一侧肾摘除,对侧肾肥大", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,36岁,3个月前因腹痛、腹泻脓血便,诊断为急性细菌性痢疾,经治疗好转。但其后大便经常不正常,吃生冷食物及劳累后大便次数增多,4~6次/日,不成形,有黏液,伴阵发性腹痛及里急后重,粪便镜检每高倍镜视野白细胞20~30个,红细胞l0~15个。3.以下治疗措施中不恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "联合应用两种不同类型抗菌药物", "B": "药物保留灌肠", "C": "加用糖皮质激素口服", "D": "纠正肠道菌群失调"}, "answer": "加用糖皮质激素口服", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "早期膝关节滑膜结核,除全身治疗及局部制动外,局部治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "滑膜切除术", "B": "关节腔持续抗结核药物滴入冲洗吸引两周", "C": "关节腔抗结核药物注入,每周1~2次,3个月为一疗程", "D": "局部物理治疗"}, "answer": "关节腔抗结核药物注入,每周1~2次,3个月为一疗程", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性血源性骨髓炎发生最多的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅骨", "B": "肱骨远端、尺骨近端", "C": "髂骨", "D": "股骨远端、胫骨近端"}, "answer": "股骨远端、胫骨近端", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "与链球菌无关的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "过敏性鼻炎", "B": "扁桃体炎", "C": "感染性心内膜炎", "D": "中耳炎"}, "answer": "过敏性鼻炎", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,38岁。粘液脓血便伴里急后重3年。近1周腹痛加重。体检:体温37.5℃,贫血貌,左下腹部轻压痛。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "克罗恩病", "B": "结肠癌", "C": "溃疡性结肠炎", "D": "卵巢癌"}, "answer": "溃疡性结肠炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "输注血小板的主要目的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "增加血管致密度", "B": "改善止血功能", "C": "降低抗凝功能", "D": "加强凝血功能"}, "answer": "改善止血功能", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "化脓性关节炎最常发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肩肘关节", "B": "肘、腕关节", "C": "腕、髋关节", "D": "髋、膝关节"}, "answer": "髋、膝关节", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,查体发现尿糖500mg/dl。以下各项错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "询问是否服用丙磺舒", "B": "查24小时尿糖定量", "C": "应同时查血糖", "D": "诊断糖尿病"}, "answer": "诊断糖尿病", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,66岁。乏力1个月。既往高血压病史4年。查体:BP 150/70mmHg,心率67次/分,律齐。腹软,腹部未闻及血管杂音。实验室检查:血钾2.9mmol/L,血肾素水平降低,醛固酮水平升高。CT示左侧肾上腺增生。该患者的最适宜降压药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氢氯噻嗪", "B": "呋塞米", "C": "螺内酯", "D": "普萘洛尔"}, "answer": "螺内酯", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于腹部伤口裂开的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多见于伤口感染的情况下,故术后3~4天最多见", "B": "缝合技术不良是造成裂开的原因", "C": "多发生于腹内压增高时", "D": "贫血营养不良时易发生"}, "answer": "多见于伤口感染的情况下,故术后3~4天最多见", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,64岁。突发上腹痛3小时,持续性,由上腹扩展到全腹,伴恶心、呕吐。查体:P 110次/分,BP 138/96mmHg。呼吸浅快,腹胀、腹肌紧张,压痛和反跳痛阳性,肝浊音界消失,肠鸣音消失。下列术前处理措施中最重要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "补液", "B": "胃肠减压", "C": "应用抗生素", "D": "半卧位"}, "answer": "胃肠减压", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肢体深感觉的第一级神经元的中枢支终止水平位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "延髓", "B": "丘脑", "C": "小脑", "D": "大脑"}, "answer": "延髓", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "我国将围生(产)期定为(  )。", "options": {"A": "自妊娠28周后到生后7足天", "B": "自妊娠20周后到生后7足天", "C": "自妊娠28周后到生后14足天", "D": "自妊娠28周后到生后28足天"}, "answer": "自妊娠28周后到生后7足天", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性乳房炎的首发症状为(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热", "B": "局部硬块", "C": "搏动性疼痛", "D": "乳房肿胀疼痛"}, "answer": "乳房肿胀疼痛", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "晨僵在哪类关节炎中表现最为突出(  )。", "options": {"A": "强直性脊柱炎(AS)", "B": "类风湿关节炎(RA)", "C": "感染性关节炎", "D": "风湿性关节炎"}, "answer": "类风湿关节炎(RA)", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.磺胺类药物的类似物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙二酸", "B": "二巯基丙醇", "C": "胱氨酸", "D": "对氨基苯甲酸"}, "answer": "对氨基苯甲酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "符合乙脑病毒的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "猪是最重要的储存宿主", "B": "可通过血凝抑制试验鉴定病毒", "C": "显性感染多见", "D": "传播媒介是跳蚤"}, "answer": "可通过血凝抑制试验鉴定病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "大量腹水时呼吸表现形式为(  )。", "options": {"A": "长吸式呼吸", "B": "胸式呼吸", "C": "腹式呼吸", "D": "胸腹混合式呼吸"}, "answer": "胸式呼吸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪一种物质不属于第二信使?(  )", "options": {"A": "Ca2+", "B": "cGMP", "C": "IP3", "D": "乙酰胆碱"}, "answer": "乙酰胆碱", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是培养真菌常用的培养基?(  )", "options": {"A": "伊红-亚甲蓝培养基", "B": "亚碲酸钾培养基", "C": "沙保弱培养基", "D": "疱肉培养基"}, "answer": "沙保弱培养基", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于佐剂的描述,下列哪一项是错误的(  )。", "options": {"A": "佐剂是特异性免疫增强剂", "B": "与免疫原混合后可增加抗原在体内存留时间", "C": "可刺激巨噬细胞,增加它对抗原的处理和递呈能力", "D": "增强辅助性T细胞的作用"}, "answer": "佐剂是特异性免疫增强剂", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,50岁,被重物砸伤致双下肢广泛软组织挫伤,入院查心率108次/分,血压113/64mmHg,急行手术清创。此时的最佳输液原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使用升压剂", "B": "扩容,碱化尿液", "C": "输血浆代替品", "D": "输左旋糖酐"}, "answer": "扩容,碱化尿液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于小儿免疫系统,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿时期各种T细胞亚群功能均显不足", "B": "新生儿B淋巴细胞发育已完善", "C": "IgG不能通过胎盘", "D": "小儿血清补体浓度在生后6~12个月达成人水平"}, "answer": "IgG不能通过胎盘", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "23岁未婚少女,因肥胖、多毛及闭经。初步诊断为多囊卵巢综合征。3.其首选治疗方法应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗雄激素疗法", "B": "抗雌激素疗法", "C": "卵巢楔形切除术", "D": "HMG-hCG疗法"}, "answer": "抗雄激素疗法", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "采用刺激迷走神经的方法可以纠正的心律失常是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心房扑动", "B": "窦性心律不齐", "C": "阵发性室上性心动过速", "D": "阵发性室性心动过速"}, "answer": "阵发性室上性心动过速", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "合并糖尿病的患者,术前准备中不恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "手术应尽早进行,缩短术前禁食时间,避免酮体生成", "B": "术前纠正电解质代谢紊乱和酸中毒", "C": "术前控制血糖平稳", "D": "术前血糖控制到正常范围"}, "answer": "术前血糖控制到正常范围", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "法洛四联症常见并发症为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎", "B": "脑栓塞", "C": "脑血栓", "D": "急性肺水肿"}, "answer": "脑血栓", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,45岁。突发中上腹持续性疼痛,伴呕吐、尿黄2小时。发病前3小时大量饮酒,并进食较多油腻食物。查体:T 37.5℃,P 98次/分,R 22次/分,BP 130/80mmHg,双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心率98次/分,心律齐,上腹有压痛及反跳痛。最有诊断价值的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃镜", "B": "尿淀粉酶", "C": "腹部X线平片", "D": "血清淀粉酶"}, "answer": "血清淀粉酶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,30岁,自10月30日起出现发热,头痛,并皮肤、黏膜出血,3天后出现少尿,此时血常规白细胞35×109/L,尿常规示尿蛋白(+++),此时诊断最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿毒症", "B": "白血病", "C": "肾综合征出血热", "D": "重感冒"}, "answer": "肾综合征出血热", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,28岁。反复上腹痛2年,以夜间及空腹时为主,加重并呕吐宿食2周,伴口渴及少尿。该患者可能存在的电解质紊乱类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高钾高氯", "B": "高钙", "C": "高钠高氯", "D": "低钾低氯"}, "answer": "低钾低氯", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "Colles骨折时,以下情况最少见的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨折畸形愈合", "B": "骨折不愈合", "C": "合并腕三角软骨盘破裂", "D": "合并下尺桡关节脱位"}, "answer": "骨折不愈合", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "Colles骨折远段的典型移位,是(  )。", "options": {"A": "远侧端向尺侧背侧移位", "B": "近侧端向尺侧背侧移位", "C": "远侧端向桡侧背侧移位", "D": "远侧端向桡侧掌侧移位"}, "answer": "远侧端向桡侧背侧移位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,66岁。人工膝关节置换术后膝关节周围加压包扎。1天后发现右足不能背屈,跖屈正常,足背动脉搏动正常。最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腓总神经损伤", "B": "骨筋膜室综合征", "C": "胫神经损伤", "D": "深静脉血栓"}, "answer": "腓总神经损伤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "无黄疸型钩端螺旋体病人常见死亡原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中毒性休克", "B": "肺大出血", "C": "急性肾功能衰竭", "D": "急性心肌损伤"}, "answer": "肺大出血", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿IgG达成人水平的年龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "3~5岁", "B": "6~7个月", "C": "6~7岁", "D": "以上均不是"}, "answer": "6~7岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哪项是高渗性脱水体液变化的最终表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "细胞内缺水", "B": "细胞内缺水超过细胞外液缺水", "C": "细胞外缺水超过细胞内液缺水", "D": "细胞外缺水"}, "answer": "细胞内缺水超过细胞外液缺水", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项属于心理过程?(  )", "options": {"A": "动机、兴趣、世界观", "B": "认知、情绪、意志", "C": "气质、性格、能力", "D": "自我认知、自我体验、自我控制"}, "answer": "认知、情绪、意志", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.能体现人体实验知情同意的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不选择弱势人群作为受试者", "B": "以健康人或病人作为受试对象", "C": "实验中受试者得到专家的允许后可自由决定是否退出", "D": "实验时使用对照和双盲法"}, "answer": "实验中受试者得到专家的允许后可自由决定是否退出", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "7个月患儿,呕吐腹泻4天,大便8~10次/天,量多,呈蛋花汤样,尿量极少,皮肤弹性差,呈花纹状,眼窝、前囟明显凹陷,心音低钝,四肢厥冷,大便镜检偶见白细胞,血清钠为128mmol/L。2.该患儿腹泻的病原可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "真菌", "B": "产毒性大肠杆菌", "C": "耶尔森菌", "D": "细菌性痢疾"}, "answer": "产毒性大肠杆菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,35岁,右侧甲状腺单发结节3cm×2cm,术中病理报告为甲状腺乳头状癌。最合适的进一步处理应该是(  )。", "options": {"A": "缝合切口,结束手术", "B": "化学药物治疗", "C": "右侧甲状腺全切和对侧大部切除", "D": "双侧全切加颈部淋巴廓清术"}, "answer": "右侧甲状腺全切和对侧大部切除", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.类风湿性关节炎的手术治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "关节清理术", "B": "腰椎截骨术", "C": "切开引流术", "D": "病灶清除术"}, "answer": "关节清理术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "细菌性痢疾的传播途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "虫媒传播", "B": "消化道", "C": "呼吸道", "D": "接触传播"}, "answer": "消化道", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,病史2周,贫血伴周身出血点,浅表淋巴结不肿大,胸骨压痛(+),肝脏轻度肿大,外周血白细胞25×109/L,可见幼稚细胞,血小板50×109/L,血红蛋白40g/L,该病人最可能诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "败血症", "B": "过敏性紫癜", "C": "急性白血病", "D": "恶性淋巴瘤"}, "answer": "急性白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "流行性乙型脑炎在我国的流行季节为(  )。", "options": {"A": "1~3月", "B": "3~5月", "C": "7~9月", "D": "9~11月"}, "answer": "7~9月", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,45岁。肛门肿胀1周。为持续性痛,逐渐加痛,排便和行走时出现剧痛,有里急后重感和排便困难,伴发热,全身不适。查体:T 39.6℃,肛门左侧红肿,有明显压痛,直肠指诊:直肠左侧饱满,压痛(+),有波动感。血常规:Hb 102g/L,WBC 21.0×109/L,N 0.92,PLT 210×109/L。决定立即行切开引流术,最主要的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "排便有困难", "B": "局部饱满有波动感", "C": "血白细胞增高", "D": "行走时出现剧痛"}, "answer": "局部饱满有波动感", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对医务人员进行道德评价的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动机与手段的统一", "B": "动机与效果的统一", "C": "目的与效果的统一", "D": "动机与目的的统一"}, "answer": "动机与效果的统一", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初孕妇,32岁。妊娠39周,规律宫缩8小时,随后持续腹痛,拒按,无间歇期,胎心音不清,宫口开大5cm,胎头S=-1,后囟位于1点处。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "协调性宫缩乏力", "B": "强直性子宫收缩", "C": "先兆子宫破裂", "D": "宫颈扩张活跃期停滞"}, "answer": "强直性子宫收缩", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "左侧卵巢静脉一般汇入(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹主静脉", "B": "髂内静脉", "C": "肾静脉", "D": "髂总静脉"}, "answer": "肾静脉", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列对阿司匹林作用的叙述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "解热", "B": "镇痛", "C": "抗血小板聚集", "D": "促进缓激肽和IL的合成"}, "answer": "促进缓激肽和IL的合成", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,5个月,腹泻、水样便,每天10余次,为稀水样便。今日病儿昏睡,呼吸深快,尿量极少,四肢厥冷。二氧化碳结合力8mmol/L,血钾4.0mmol/L,血钠140mmol/L。1.诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "重度脱水酸中毒", "B": "中度脱水酸中毒", "C": "重度脱水,低钾血症", "D": "重度脱水酸中毒,低钾血症"}, "answer": "重度脱水酸中毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.使相应细菌裂解的噬菌体称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "温和噬菌体", "B": "毒性噬菌体", "C": "溶原性细菌", "D": "L型细菌"}, "answer": "毒性噬菌体", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列对四环素类的不良反应错误的叙述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "空腹口服易引起胃肠道反应", "B": "可导致幼儿乳牙釉质发育不全,牙齿发黄", "C": "不引起过敏反应", "D": "长期大量静滴,可引起严重肝损害"}, "answer": "不引起过敏反应", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "8个月婴儿,因皮肤黏膜苍白、食欲欠佳来诊,查体发现肝脾轻度肿大。血象:Hb70g/L,RBC3.5×1012/L。血涂片可见RBC大小不等,以小细胞为主,中心淡染区扩大。最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "再生障碍性贫血", "B": "地中海贫血", "C": "营养性巨幼细胞性贫血", "D": "营养性缺铁性贫血"}, "answer": "营养性缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项属于医患关系的性质?(  )", "options": {"A": "一般的契约关系", "B": "在信托关系基础上的契约关系", "C": "是信托关系就不是契约关系", "D": "是契约关系就不是信托关系"}, "answer": "在信托关系基础上的契约关系", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于影响求医行为的主要因素不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "对症状的认识与评价", "B": "医疗保健系统的特点", "C": "社会经济情况", "D": "症状发生的部位"}, "answer": "症状发生的部位", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "尿毒症患者发生纤维性骨炎的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿钙排泄增多", "B": "继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进", "C": "尿磷排泄减少", "D": "活性维生素D合成障碍"}, "answer": "继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.卵巢内胚窦瘤的标志物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "AFP", "B": "ACTH", "C": "E2", "D": "β-hCG"}, "answer": "AFP", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "化脓性脑膜炎并发硬膜下积液的治疗原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硬脑膜下积液量多者主要靠手术治疗", "B": "迁延不痊愈者选择抗生素硬脑膜下注入", "C": "少量积液无需处理", "D": "大量积液抗生素硬膜下注入"}, "answer": "少量积液无需处理", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对控制慢性肾脏病变肾功能进行性减退无明确作用的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "限制蛋白质的摄入", "B": "控制血压", "C": "消除水肿", "D": "纠正血脂异常"}, "answer": "消除水肿", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医德修养要坚持(  )。", "options": {"A": "组织性", "B": "实践性", "C": "强制性", "D": "机动性"}, "answer": "实践性", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "日本血吸虫的生活史中(  )。", "options": {"A": "不需中间宿主", "B": "有一个中间宿主", "C": "有三个中间宿主", "D": "有多个中间宿主"}, "answer": "有一个中间宿主", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项为钩端螺旋体病稻田型的传染源?(  )", "options": {"A": "鼠", "B": "牛", "C": "猪", "D": "羊"}, "answer": "鼠", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,4岁。低热、乏力、盗汗伴腹泻、腹痛3个月。体格检查:右下腹有压痛和轻反跳痛,X线钡餐检查发现回盲部有跳跃征。最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠结核", "B": "克罗恩病", "C": "结肠癌", "D": "阿米巴肠炎"}, "answer": "肠结核", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "合并糖尿病的病人,术前准备中不恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "术前纠正电解质代谢紊乱和酸中毒", "B": "术前尿糖可在+~++", "C": "手术应尽早进行,缩短术前禁食时间,避免酮体生成", "D": "术前血糖控制到正常范围"}, "answer": "术前血糖控制到正常范围", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "引起心率减慢是下述哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素", "B": "迷走活动增强", "C": "甲状腺激素", "D": "发热"}, "answer": "迷走活动增强", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于情绪抑郁,有自杀企图的病人,问话方式最不恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "你觉得人生在世,活得有意义吗?", "B": "你是否觉得最近一段时间生活过得不如以前有味道?", "C": "你是否觉得活得很累、很辛苦,甚至有生不如死的感觉?", "D": "你真想死吗,开玩笑吧?"}, "answer": "你真想死吗,开玩笑吧?", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,10岁,突发右大腿下端剧痛伴高热达40℃二天,有毒血症表现,白细胞计数18×109/L中性90%,怀疑为急性化脓性骨髓炎。1.体格检查有力的证据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右股骨下端皮温升高", "B": "右股骨下端(干骺端)深压痛", "C": "局部血管充盈怒张", "D": "右膝关节伸屈受限"}, "answer": "右股骨下端(干骺端)深压痛", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "维系蛋白质分子二级结构的化学键是(  )。", "options": {"A": "二硫键", "B": "疏水键", "C": "氢键", "D": "肽键"}, "answer": "氢键", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有先兆偏头痛最常见的先兆是(  )。", "options": {"A": "增动先兆", "B": "视觉先兆", "C": "言语先兆", "D": "感觉先兆"}, "answer": "视觉先兆", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.最可能是乳腺纤维腺瘤的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺内有多发胀痛、质韧之肿块", "B": "乳房红肿胀痛,内有触痛伴波动感的肿块", "C": "乳腺内有单发、光滑、活动度大的肿物", "D": "乳腺内有单发囊性结节"}, "answer": "乳腺内有单发、光滑、活动度大的肿物", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于有机磷的代谢和排泄正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝内氧化产物不如原来毒性强", "B": "经肾排泄", "C": "在体内蓄积,毒性持久", "D": "经皮肤、呼吸道吸收,不经胃肠道排泄"}, "answer": "经肾排泄", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,65岁。人工膝关节置换术后膝关节周围加压包扎。1天后发现右足不能背屈,跖屈正常,足背动脉搏动正常。最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腓总神经损伤", "B": "坐骨神经损伤", "C": "深静脉血栓", "D": "胫神经损伤"}, "answer": "腓总神经损伤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "ACh使窦房结细胞自律性降低是通过(  )。", "options": {"A": "阈电位水平下降", "B": "If电流增强", "C": "膜对K+通透性增大", "D": "Ca2+内流增强"}, "answer": "膜对K+通透性增大", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,37岁,G1P0,孕37周,轻度子痫前期。临产3小时后突感腹痛难忍,伴腹胀不适。检查:心率90次/min,血压110/60mmHg,腹部拒按,呈板样;胎心率100次/min,胎先露头、S+2、羊水呈浅绿色、量少。1.产妇突感腹痛的原因最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫缩", "B": "子宫破裂", "C": "胎盘早剥", "D": "卵巢肿瘤破裂"}, "answer": "胎盘早剥", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列属于糖尿病自主神经病变表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直立性低血压", "B": "动眼神经麻痹", "C": "共济失调", "D": "肢端感觉异常"}, "answer": "直立性低血压", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "先兆早产的主要临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "规则宫缩60分钟内≥8次伴有宫颈管的进行性改变", "B": "宫颈扩张1cm以上", "C": "不规则宫缩伴有宫颈管的进行性缩短", "D": "宫颈展平≥80%"}, "answer": "不规则宫缩伴有宫颈管的进行性缩短", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "若诊断临床糖尿病,应选择下列哪一项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "糖化血红蛋白", "B": "空腹血糖", "C": "尿糖", "D": "空腹胰岛素测定"}, "answer": "空腹血糖", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,30岁。腹痛伴低热、腹泻便秘交替1个月。查体:右下腹压痛,可触及边界不清的包块,活动度差。对明确诊断最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部CT", "B": "B超引导下腹部包块穿刺", "C": "腹腔血管造影", "D": "结肠镜"}, "answer": "结肠镜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于毒性噬菌体论述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "能吸附死亡的细菌", "B": "只有溶菌性周期", "C": "只有溶源性周期", "D": "增殖方式是复制"}, "answer": "只有溶源性周期", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,10岁。发热、头痛、呕吐3天,嗜睡半天,于7月10日入院。既往体健。查体:T 38.6℃,P 112次/分,R 20次/分,BP 130/75mmHg。神志不清,皮肤未见出血点,心肺未见异常,腹软,压痛及反跳痛(-),肝、脾肋下未触及,颈抵抗(+),双侧Babinski征(+)。实验室检查:血WBC 12.4×109/L,中性粒细胞0.70,淋巴细胞0.30。腰穿脑脊液检查:压力200mmH2O,WBC 170×106/L,单核0.66,多核0.34,蛋白1.1g/L,糖4.2mmol/L,氯化物115mmol/L。2.最有助于确诊的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清特异性IgM抗体", "B": "脑脊液涂片找细菌", "C": "血培养", "D": "结核菌素试验"}, "answer": "血清特异性IgM抗体", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "结核球的基本病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病变以渗出为主,中央有干酪样坏死", "B": "病变以增生为主,中央有干酪样坏死", "C": "一个或多个厚壁空洞", "D": "纤维包裹的境界分明的于酪样坏死灶"}, "answer": "纤维包裹的境界分明的于酪样坏死灶", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项为人格形成的标志?(  )", "options": {"A": "自我意识的确立", "B": "社会角色认同", "C": "自我意识的确立和社会化", "D": "自我意识确立和社会角色认同"}, "answer": "自我意识的确立和社会化", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "胆汁溶菌试验可用来鉴别(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤寒杆菌与副伤寒杆菌", "B": "炭疽杆菌与枯草杆菌", "C": "百日咳杆菌与流感杆菌", "D": "肺炎链球菌与甲型溶血性链球菌"}, "answer": "肺炎链球菌与甲型溶血性链球菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "先心病X线检查,有肺缺血性改变的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "动脉导管未闭", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "艾森曼格综合征"}, "answer": "法洛四联症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,28岁,经产妇,人工流产2次。妊娠37周,晨起发现阴道流血,多于月经量,无腹痛。查体:P 80次/分,BP 110/70mmHg,胎方位LOA,头浮,胎心率150次/分,耻骨联合上可闻及血管音。3.本例最适合的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "给予子宫收缩剂", "B": "严密观察,等待自然临产", "C": "人工破膜", "D": "行剖宫产术"}, "answer": "行剖宫产术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列有关生物利用度的叙述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "它与药物的作用强度无关", "B": "它与药物的作用速度有关", "C": "首过消除对其有影响", "D": "口服吸收的量与服药量之比"}, "answer": "它与药物的作用强度无关", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,38岁。黏液脓血便伴里急后重3年,近1周腹痛加重。体检:体温37.5℃,贫血貌,左下腹部轻压痛。2.为明确诊断首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "PSA", "B": "血清CA19-9", "C": "腹部CT", "D": "结肠镜检查"}, "answer": "结肠镜检查", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿8个月,于10月份住院,发热3天,呕吐、腹泻2天入院,大便每日10余次,水样便,无腥味。尿少。查体:轻度脱水,心肺(-),大便镜检,WBC 0~1个/HP,患儿最恰当的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "生理性腹泻", "B": "轮状病毒性肠炎", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌肠炎", "D": "霉菌性肠炎"}, "answer": "轮状病毒性肠炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2岁女孩,生后面貌特殊,眼距宽,鼻梁平,舌厚肥大;现眼睑浮肿,皮肤粗糙苍黄,智力低下,身高70cm,腕部X线片可见一个骨化中心。1.最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "先天愚型", "B": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症", "C": "粘多糖病", "D": "软骨发育不良"}, "answer": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对青霉素G无效的病菌为(  )。", "options": {"A": "革兰阳性球菌", "B": "革兰阳性杆菌", "C": "革兰阴性球菌", "D": "铜绿假单胞菌"}, "answer": "铜绿假单胞菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "8岁女孩,8天前突发左膝关节剧痛、不能活动,畏寒、发热。体检:T39.2℃,P110次/分,左膝关节肿胀明显,膝表面皮温高。发病前左膝轻微外伤史。2.最可能出现的X线表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "膝关节周围骨破坏", "B": "关节间隙变窄", "C": "关节间隙增宽,髋上囊肿胀", "D": "关节周围骨内死骨"}, "answer": "关节间隙增宽,髋上囊肿胀", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,30岁,左乳内上象限肿块,胀痛,与月经周期无明显关系,对该患者最恰当的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳癌根治术", "B": "肿块切除并送快速病理检查", "C": "肿块切取活检", "D": "粗针穿刺活检"}, "answer": "肿块切除并送快速病理检查", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某地一位司机在车祸中受重伤,被同行的人送到附近一家医院抢救。检查发现病人多发性骨折,多脏器破裂,如不及时手术,病人就会死亡。手术需要亲属签协议书。可病人的同行者谁也不敢代替家属签名。这时,主刀医师的上级医生签了协议书,表示承担责任。经过医务人员的全力抢救,病人脱险。2.下列哪项为该上级医生做出自己的选择的伦理依据?(  )", "options": {"A": "医患之间契约关系中医师有独立人格", "B": "医患之间信托关系中患者处于弱势地位", "C": "医患之间信托关系中双方不是陌生人关系", "D": "医患之间信托关系中患者对医师信任无疑"}, "answer": "医患之间信托关系中双方不是陌生人关系", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "0.9%氯化钠80ml,10%葡萄糖80ml,张力为(  )。", "options": {"A": "等张", "B": "1/2张", "C": "1/3张", "D": "1/5张"}, "answer": "1/2张", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者女性,64岁。发现右乳房肿块6个月,不伴疼痛。体检:双侧乳房乳头对称,乳头无凹陷,皮肤无橘皮样改变,右乳外上象限可触及一3cm×3cm×3.5cm大肿块,质硬,表面不光滑,固定。右腋窝可触及肿大的淋巴结并与周围组织粘连。初步诊断为乳腺癌。3.该患者肿块切除后病理检查显示ER含量高,提示治疗应包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "中医中药治疗", "B": "生物治疗", "C": "内分泌治疗", "D": "手术治疗"}, "answer": "内分泌治疗", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不符合一侧动眼神经麻痹的描述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上睑下垂,眼球不能向上、下和内侧转动", "B": "眼球向对侧、向上、向下注视时出现复视", "C": "瞳孔散大,光反射消失,调节反射存在", "D": "瞳孔散大,光反射及调节反射均消失"}, "answer": "瞳孔散大,光反射及调节反射均消失", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "乳胶妊娠试验是(  )。", "options": {"A": "间接凝集反应", "B": "直接凝集反应", "C": "反向间接凝集反应", "D": "间接凝集抑制试验"}, "answer": "间接凝集抑制试验", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3~6个月佝偻病患儿多见的骨骼系统改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅骨软化", "B": "鸡胸", "C": "串珠肋", "D": "脊柱侧弯"}, "answer": "颅骨软化", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列关于酶结构与功能的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "酶只在体内发挥作用", "B": "酶能改变反应的平衡点", "C": "酶能大大降低反应的活化能", "D": "酶的催化作用不受调控"}, "answer": "酶能大大降低反应的活化能", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "结核分枝杆菌经抗酸染色法染色后的光学显微镜下的典型形态为(  )。", "options": {"A": "为紫色的栅栏状排列杆菌", "B": "为红色的粗大杆菌", "C": "为红色的略带弯曲的细长杆菌", "D": "为红色的竹节状排列杆菌"}, "answer": "为红色的略带弯曲的细长杆菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "缺氧引起呼吸加深加快的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直接刺激吸气神经元", "B": "刺激中枢化学感受器", "C": "直接刺激呼吸肌", "D": "刺激外周化学感受器"}, "answer": "刺激外周化学感受器", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在治疗中,咨询师不断对患者的表达表现理解,却并不强调解释和指导,这种方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "来谈者中心治疗", "B": "认知治疗", "C": "家庭治疗", "D": "精神分析治疗"}, "answer": "来谈者中心治疗", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性患者,55岁。近半年来吞咽困难,日渐加重。胃镜检查,食管中段可见一溃疡型肿物,质地较硬,溃疡周边隆起,底部凹凸不平。手术中见食管粘膜及肌层被灰白色肿瘤组织浸润破坏。患者最可能发生了哪种疾病(  )。", "options": {"A": "食管鳞状细胞癌", "B": "食管炎", "C": "食管溃疡", "D": "食管平滑肌瘤"}, "answer": "食管鳞状细胞癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "慢性支气管炎患者发生阻塞性通气功能障碍的病变基础是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管腺体增生、肥大", "B": "支气管平滑肌萎缩", "C": "支气管软骨萎缩、纤维化", "D": "细支气管及细支气管周围炎"}, "answer": "细支气管及细支气管周围炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,30岁,足刺伤10天,头痛、乏力、张口困难及颈项强直,伤口红肿。临床诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "气性坏疽", "B": "败血症", "C": "破伤风", "D": "脑血栓"}, "answer": "破伤风", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列符合轮状病毒肠炎特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "夏季多见", "B": ">2岁常见", "C": "大便呈蛋花汤样,有腥臭味", "D": "常伴有发热"}, "answer": "常伴有发热", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "分泌女性激素的卵巢肿瘤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "无性细胞瘤", "B": "颗粒细胞瘤", "C": "畸胎瘤", "D": "内胚窦瘤"}, "answer": "颗粒细胞瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性乳房炎形成脓肿后的切开引流,下列哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "切口应引流通畅", "B": "必要时作对口引流", "C": "不要分离脓肿隔膜,以防扩散", "D": "乳房后脓肿可作弧形切口"}, "answer": "不要分离脓肿隔膜,以防扩散", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "感染性心内膜炎是一种(  )。", "options": {"A": "条件致病菌引起的感染", "B": "衣原体引起的感染", "C": "肠道病毒引起的感染", "D": "乙型溶血性链球菌引起的感染"}, "answer": "条件致病菌引起的感染", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.含叶酸量极低,易患营养性巨幼细胞贫血(  )。", "options": {"A": "鲜牛奶", "B": "全脂奶粉", "C": "羊奶", "D": "炼乳"}, "answer": "羊奶", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,35岁。1天前饮大量酒后出现上腹痛、呕吐,吐后疼痛不减轻,加重伴腹胀4小时,血淀粉酶650U/L(Somogyi),血压80/60mmHg,脉搏120次/分,脐周围及两肋腹部皮肤青紫。最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性重症胰腺炎", "B": "急性胃炎", "C": "急性肝炎", "D": "结肠癌"}, "answer": "急性重症胰腺炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.由子宫底部前壁至两侧大阴唇的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "圆韧带", "B": "主韧带", "C": "子宫骶骨韧带", "D": "骨盆漏斗韧带"}, "answer": "圆韧带", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女婴5个月,突然高热烦躁,吃奶后频繁呕吐,两眼凝视,前囟紧张,脑脊液细胞数850×109/L,中性0.7,淋巴0.3,糖2.0mmol/L,蛋白1.2g/L,氯100mmol/L。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒性脑膜炎", "B": "颅内出血", "C": "流行性乙型脑炎", "D": "化脓性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "化脓性脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,25岁,喜好网球运动,右肘关节外侧疼痛1个月,加重3天,持物无力,拧毛巾痛。除右肘关节外侧局限性压痛外,下述哪一项试验最有助于诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "Finkelstein", "B": "Mills", "C": "Froment", "D": "Dugas"}, "answer": "Mills", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "24岁,男性,农民,因畏寒、发热起病,伴全身肌肉酸痛,头痛4天入院。入院l天后发现皮肤有黄染,尿量减少,尿色深黄。查体:结膜充血,巩膜及皮肤中度黄染,皮肤有出血点,浅表淋巴结肿大,肝肋下1.0cm,压痛(+),脾(-)。实验室检查:WBC 15.4×109/L,N 0.8,L0.2。尿检:尿蛋白(+),颗粒管型1或2/HP,WBC 8~15/HP,RBC 20~30/HP。BUN 24mmol/L。凝集溶解试验阳性。2.哪一项检查有诊断意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "尿常规", "B": "血常规", "C": "X线", "D": "凝集溶解试验"}, "answer": "凝集溶解试验", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.终板电位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动作电位", "B": "阈电位", "C": "局部电位", "D": "静息电位"}, "answer": "局部电位", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肺纤维化病人,1秒用力呼气量(EEV1)/用力肺活量(FVC)的检查结果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "FEV1减少,FVC基本不变,FEV1/FVC减小", "B": "FEV1基本不变,FVC减小,FEV1/FVC增大", "C": "FEV1和FVC均减小,FEV1/FVC基本不变", "D": "FEV1和FVC均减小,FEV1/FVC减小"}, "answer": "FEV1和FVC均减小,FEV1/FVC基本不变", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于纤维素性炎的描述中错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "浆膜的纤维素性炎易导致浆膜粘连", "B": "心外膜的纤维素性炎常形成绒毛心", "C": "肺的纤维素性炎不会导致机化", "D": "常伴中性粒细胞浸润"}, "answer": "肺的纤维素性炎不会导致机化", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "真正结缔组织病包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "SLE、RA、进行性全身性硬皮病(PSS)、多发性肌炎(PM)、结节性多动脉炎(PN)", "B": "SLE、RA、贝切特综合征、干燥综合征", "C": "SLE、RA、PSS", "D": "SLE、PSS、RA、韦格纳肉芽肿(Wegener granu.10matosis)、脂膜炎"}, "answer": "SLE、RA、进行性全身性硬皮病(PSS)、多发性肌炎(PM)、结节性多动脉炎(PN)", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肺炎支原体主要引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "小叶性肺炎", "B": "大叶性肺炎", "C": "脓胸", "D": "原发性非典型性肺炎"}, "answer": "原发性非典型性肺炎", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,45岁。头痛、头晕2年,2周来加重伴心悸、乏力、鼻出血及牙龈出血。查体:血压170/110mmHg,皮肤黏膜苍白,Hb 65g/L,PLT 148×109/L,尿蛋白(+++),尿红细胞3~5/HP,BUN 38mmol/L,Scr 887μmol/L,GFR 10ml/min。肾脏B超左肾8.9cm×4.6cm×4.1cm,右肾8.7cm×4.4cm×4.1cm,双肾皮质变薄。1.该患者诊断可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性肾衰竭氮质血症期", "B": "慢性肾衰竭尿毒症期", "C": "轻度高血压脑病", "D": "急进性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "慢性肾衰竭尿毒症期", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,23岁。寒战,高热,咳浓痰2天。查体:体温39.2℃,左肺闻及湿啰音,X线胸片示:左下肺大片状致密影,给予抗生素治疗,2天后症状加重,胸痛并呼吸困难,左胸呼吸音降低,胸片示左胸腔积液1.目前考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "重症肺炎", "B": "肺炎合并肺脓肿", "C": "肺炎合并急性脓胸", "D": "肺炎合并反应性胸膜腔积液"}, "answer": "肺炎合并急性脓胸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于苯丙酮尿症的临床表现,以下错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抽搐发作", "B": "智力低下", "C": "皮肤白皙", "D": "毛发呈浓密黑色"}, "answer": "毛发呈浓密黑色", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于利多卡因的抗心律失常作用,哪项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "能缩短浦肯野纤维的动作电位时程和有效不应期", "B": "是窄谱抗心律失常药", "C": "对心肌的直接作用是抑制Na+内流,促进K+外流", "D": "治疗剂量就能降低窦房结的自律性"}, "answer": "治疗剂量就能降低窦房结的自律性", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "短暂脑缺血发作的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血压突然升高,短暂意识不清,抽搐", "B": "眩晕、呕吐、耳鸣持续一至数日", "C": "发作性神经系统功能障碍,24小时内完全恢复", "D": "一侧轻偏瘫,历时数日渐恢复"}, "answer": "发作性神经系统功能障碍,24小时内完全恢复", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "各种酶都具有其最适pH值,其特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大多数酶活性的最适pH曲线为抛物线形", "B": "在生理条件下同一细胞酶的最适pH均相同", "C": "最适pH时该酶活性中心的可解离基团都处于最适反应状态", "D": "最适pH时酶分子的活性通常较低"}, "answer": "最适pH时该酶活性中心的可解离基团都处于最适反应状态", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "断肢再植吻合血管时,其所吻合的动、静脉比例应以(  )。", "options": {"A": "1:2为宜", "B": "1:1为宜", "C": "1:4为宜", "D": "2:1为宜"}, "answer": "1:2为宜", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "上运动神经元瘫痪,肌张力改变的特点为(  )。", "options": {"A": "上肢屈肌张力高,下肢伸肌张力高", "B": "上下肢均为伸肌张力高", "C": "上下肢均为屈肌张力高", "D": "上肢伸肌张力高,下肢屈肌张力高"}, "answer": "上肢屈肌张力高,下肢伸肌张力高", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,40岁。幽门梗阻致反复呕吐15天入院,呼吸浅慢,血压90/70mmHg(12.0/9.3kPa)。实验室检查:血清钾3.0mmol/L、钠130mmol/L,pH 7.5,血浆HCO35mmol/L。4.若病人体重60kg,第1天应补给氯化钠(  )。", "options": {"A": "4.5g", "B": "15g", "C": "21g", "D": "36g"}, "answer": "15g", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "6岁,女孩,出生后反复呼吸道感染,平时少活动,体检:无发绀,心前区稍隆起,胸骨左缘第3、4肋间可闻及3/6级粗糙全收缩期杂音,伴震颤,P2亢进。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "肺动脉狭窄"}, "answer": "室间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "乳中不饱和脂肪酸含量高,有利于小儿(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑的发育", "B": "肾的发育", "C": "骨骼的发育", "D": "肠道双歧杆菌的生长"}, "answer": "脑的发育", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "胰腺癌最常见的组织类型为(  )。", "options": {"A": "导管细胞癌", "B": "多形性腺癌", "C": "纤维细胞腺癌", "D": "粘液癌"}, "answer": "导管细胞癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,48岁,1年来每于剧烈活动时或饱餐后发作剑突下疼痛,向咽部放射,持续数分钟可自行缓解。2周来发作频繁且有夜间睡眠中发作。2小时来疼痛剧烈,不能缓解,向胸部及后背部放射,伴憋闷,大汗。3.该患者在心肌梗死后4周,心电图ST段仍持续升高,未回到等电位线。应考虑的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "再发心肌梗死", "B": "梗死面积扩大", "C": "急性心包炎", "D": "室壁瘤形成"}, "answer": "室壁瘤形成", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "骨巨细胞瘤的性质属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "良性", "B": "潜在恶性", "C": "恶性", "D": "高度恶性"}, "answer": "潜在恶性", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肾结核多来源于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠结核", "B": "肺结核", "C": "膀胱结核", "D": "生殖系结核"}, "answer": "肺结核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男婴1岁,人工喂养,因出牙延迟,不会走路而来院就诊。平时多汗,烦躁,刚会独坐,前囟3cm×3cm,方颅,无乳牙萌出,肋骨串珠可疑。3.该患儿的诊断应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "佝偻病初期", "B": "佝偻病激期", "C": "佝偻病恢复期", "D": "佝偻病后遗症期"}, "answer": "佝偻病激期", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "谵妄状态最常见的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "意识范围狭窄", "B": "情感喜悦,动作多", "C": "恐怖性错觉、幻觉", "D": "思维中断"}, "answer": "恐怖性错觉、幻觉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪种物质的合成过程仅在肝脏中进行?(  )", "options": {"A": "尿素", "B": "脂肪酸", "C": "糖原", "D": "胆固醇"}, "answer": "尿素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "人们采用化学合成或基因重组的方法生产的免疫原性多肽称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "分子疫苗", "B": "结合疫苗", "C": "活疫苗", "D": "灭活疫苗"}, "answer": "分子疫苗", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "诱导CD4+细胞分化成CD4+Th2细胞的最重要的细胞因子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IL-4", "B": "IL-1", "C": "IL-8", "D": "IL-10"}, "answer": "IL-4", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,55岁。肝炎病史8年余,近3个月来出现右侧季肋部持续胀痛,伴厌食、乏力和腹胀。查体:右侧肋缘下可触及肿大的肝脏,质地坚硬、边缘不规则。AFP>1000ug/L。1.首先考虑的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性肝炎活动期", "B": "原发性肝癌", "C": "细菌性肝脓肿", "D": "肝脏阿米巴"}, "answer": "原发性肝癌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对胃液分泌的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "壁细胞分泌盐酸", "B": "主细胞分泌胃蛋白酶原", "C": "分泌盐酸的能力与壁细胞数目有关", "D": "胃表面上皮细胞分泌内因子"}, "answer": "胃表面上皮细胞分泌内因子", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肾小球有效滤过压与下列哪项相等?(  )", "options": {"A": "肾小球毛细血管血压+血浆胶体渗透压-囊内压", "B": "肾小球毛细血管血压-血浆晶体渗透压+囊内压", "C": "肾小球毛细血管血压-血浆晶体渗透压-囊内压", "D": "肾小球毛细血管血压-血浆胶体渗透压-囊内压"}, "answer": "肾小球毛细血管血压-血浆胶体渗透压-囊内压", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "高位截瘫患者排尿障碍临床表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿失禁", "B": "血尿", "C": "尿崩症", "D": "少尿"}, "answer": "尿失禁", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于硝酸甘油,哪项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "降低左室舒张末期压力", "B": "使细胞内cAMP增加,松弛平滑肌", "C": "使细胞内cGMP增加,松弛平滑肌", "D": "大剂量能加快心率"}, "answer": "使细胞内cAMP增加,松弛平滑肌", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,34岁。孕24周,自觉无力,面色略苍白。实验室检查:HB 80g/L,RBC 2.8×1012/L。该孕妇应开始进行胎儿健康状况评估的时间为(  )。", "options": {"A": "孕36~38周", "B": "孕40~42周", "C": "孕26~28周", "D": "孕32~34周"}, "answer": "孕32~34周", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "甲状腺功能亢进症手术治疗的适应症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中度甲亢内科治疗无效者", "B": "甲状腺Ⅰ度肿大", "C": "症状较轻者", "D": "合并不稳定心绞痛者"}, "answer": "中度甲亢内科治疗无效者", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "以下哪类病人不适合应用胰岛素?(  )", "options": {"A": "2型糖尿病经饮食控制疗效不佳者", "B": "合并严重慢性并发症", "C": "糖尿病合并妊娠", "D": "糖尿病酮症酸中毒"}, "answer": "2型糖尿病经饮食控制疗效不佳者", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,56岁。上腹部胀痛不适10年,常于进食半小时加重,可自行缓解。近3个月来体重减轻5kg。胃镜检查显示胃体小弯侧直径3cm溃疡病灶,取活组织标本进行病理检查。能够诊断溃疡病灶属恶性的病理形态学依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞质出现空泡", "B": "胞质黏液明显增多", "C": "核仁清楚", "D": "细胞异型性明显"}, "answer": "细胞异型性明显", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "子宫内膜癌的最常见病理类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺角化癌", "B": "腺癌", "C": "透明细胞癌", "D": "鳞腺癌"}, "answer": "腺癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,35岁。稍长距离步行后感右小腿疼痛、肌肉抽搐而跛行,稍休息后症状消失,平时感右足发凉、怕冷,有麻木感,右足背动脉搏动减弱。应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "血栓性浅静脉炎", "B": "血栓闭塞性脉管炎(营养障碍)", "C": "血栓闭塞性脉管炎(局部缺血)", "D": "动脉粥样硬化症"}, "answer": "血栓闭塞性脉管炎(局部缺血)", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在下述各项中,不符合有利原则的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医务人员的行动与解除病人的疾苦有关", "B": "医务人员的行动使病人受益而可能给别的病人带来损害", "C": "医务人员的行动可能解除病人的痛苦", "D": "受病人或家庭条件的限制,医务人员选择的诊治手段不是最佳的"}, "answer": "医务人员的行动使病人受益而可能给别的病人带来损害", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "30岁不孕妇女,痛经3年且逐渐加重。查子宫后壁有2个触痛性硬韧结节,右侧附件区扪及鸭卵大、活动不良囊性肿物,压痛不明显。2.为明确诊断,最可靠的辅助检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫腔镜检查", "B": "子宫输卵管碘油造影", "C": "诊断性刮宫活组织检查", "D": "腹腔镜检查"}, "answer": "腹腔镜检查", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于早产儿的外观特点,下述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤发亮,水肿,毳毛多", "B": "头发分条清楚", "C": "耳廓软骨发育不良,耳廓紧贴颞骨", "D": "男婴睾丸未进入阴囊"}, "answer": "头发分条清楚", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,18岁,近1个月来乏力明显,周身酸痛,四肢皮肤瘀斑,血红蛋白由110g/L降至60g/L,白细胞1.7×109/L,中性粒细胞占25%,淋巴细胞占75%,血小板15×109/L。网织红细胞0.5%。1.为明确诊断,下列检查不必要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓穿刺", "B": "Ham试验", "C": "骨髓活检", "D": "血红蛋白电泳"}, "answer": "血红蛋白电泳", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于革兰阳性菌(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞壁的基本成分是肽聚糖", "B": "有蛋白糖脂质外膜", "C": "一般不产生外毒素", "D": "只有少量磷壁酸"}, "answer": "细胞壁的基本成分是肽聚糖", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是肾近髓肾单位的主要功能?(  )", "options": {"A": "释放肾素", "B": "释放抗利尿激素", "C": "排泄钠、氯离子", "D": "浓缩与稀释尿液"}, "answer": "浓缩与稀释尿液", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.检查NK细胞的杀伤作用(  )。", "options": {"A": "51Cr释放法", "B": "溶血空斑试验", "C": "MTT法", "D": "结核菌素试验"}, "answer": "51Cr释放法", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "右侧周围性舌下神经麻痹表现(  )。", "options": {"A": "伸舌时舌尖偏向右侧,伴有右侧舌肌萎缩", "B": "伸舌时舌尖偏向右侧,无右侧舌肌萎缩", "C": "伸舌时舌尖偏向右侧伴有左侧舌肌萎缩及肌柬颤动", "D": "伸舌时舌尖偏向右侧,伴有右侧舌肌萎缩及肌束颤动"}, "answer": "伸舌时舌尖偏向右侧,伴有右侧舌肌萎缩及肌束颤动", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.病人觉得被人跟踪、被监视,家中被安了窃听器和摄像机(  )。", "options": {"A": "被害妄想", "B": "被控制妄想", "C": "夸大妄想", "D": "嫉妒妄想"}, "answer": "被害妄想", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "流脑的流行病学特点哪一项是恰当的(  )。", "options": {"A": "人不是唯一的传染源", "B": "流行期的带菌群以A群为主", "C": "发病常无明显的季节性", "D": "经消化道传播"}, "answer": "流行期的带菌群以A群为主", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "子宫内膜异位症的典型症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阴道不规则流血", "B": "接触性出血", "C": "阴道分泌物增多", "D": "继发性痛经"}, "answer": "继发性痛经", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,30岁,发热,出血,贫血,齿龈增生,全血细胞减少,骨髓增生极度活跃,原始细胞占85%,过氧化物酶(+),非特异性酯酶(+++),应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性粒细胞白血病M1型", "B": "急性淋巴细胞白血病L2型", "C": "急性粒细胞白血病M5型", "D": "急性粒细胞白血病M6型"}, "answer": "急性粒细胞白血病M5型", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,38岁,肱骨干骨折行手法复位,夹板外固定治疗,既往体健,8个月后复查X线片示骨折线存在,断端有0.3cm间隙,断端骨髓腔已封闭硬化,此时应选择的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "改为牵引固定", "B": "继续夹板固定", "C": "手术植骨并内固定", "D": "改为石膏外固定"}, "answer": "手术植骨并内固定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3岁患儿,曾多次患肺炎,平时无发绀。查体:心前区隆起,心尖搏动弥散,胸骨左缘第2肋间闻Ⅲ级粗糙的连续性机器样杂音,向颈部传导,有震颤,有水冲脉。1.此患儿特别应注意的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脉压减少", "B": "脉压增宽", "C": "下肢血压低", "D": "腹部血管杂音"}, "answer": "脉压增宽", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "风湿性心包炎的特点,下列哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "早期可听到心包摩擦音", "B": "心音遥远少见", "C": "发病早期积液量增多", "D": "X线心脏搏动减弱"}, "answer": "发病早期积液量增多", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "评价医德行为善恶的根本标准是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人家属的意见", "B": "病人的意见", "C": "新闻媒体的认定", "D": "有利于病人、有利于医学发展、有利于生存环境的改善"}, "answer": "有利于病人、有利于医学发展、有利于生存环境的改善", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列物质中哪种不属于分泌型分子(  )。", "options": {"A": "SIgA", "B": "SmIg", "C": "IL-2", "D": "TNF—α"}, "answer": "SmIg", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列符合苯丙酮尿症的遗传形式的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "X连锁隐性遗传", "B": "常染色体隐性遗传", "C": "常染色体显性遗传", "D": "x连锁不完全显性遗传"}, "answer": "常染色体隐性遗传", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项不是浆液性炎的特征?(  )", "options": {"A": "好发于疏松组织、浆膜、粘膜等处", "B": "在浆膜腔形成渗出液", "C": "在粘膜又称“卡他性炎”", "D": "渗出液中以白细胞和纤维素为主"}, "answer": "渗出液中以白细胞和纤维素为主", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "增生型皮质醇增多症伴垂体微腺瘤,下述治疗方案中应首先(  )。", "options": {"A": "一侧肾上腺全切,一侧大部分切除", "B": "肾上腺次全切除加垂体放疗", "C": "经蝶窦切除垂体微腺瘤", "D": "肾上腺次全切除加神经递质抑制剂"}, "answer": "经蝶窦切除垂体微腺瘤", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "若诊断临床糖尿病,应选择的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖化血红蛋白", "B": "空腹血糖", "C": "尿糖", "D": "空腹胰岛素测定"}, "answer": "空腹血糖", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿时期患结核病最常见的类型为(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发型肺结核", "B": "结核性脑膜炎", "C": "结核性胸膜炎", "D": "结核性腹膜炎"}, "answer": "原发型肺结核", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄所特有的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃蠕动波", "B": "呕吐", "C": "右上腹肿块", "D": "消瘦、脱水"}, "answer": "右上腹肿块", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,45岁,间歇性肉眼血尿3月余,IVP见左肾盂内有不规则充盈缺损,膀胱镜检见左侧输尿管口喷血,应首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾结核", "B": "肾癌", "C": "X线不显影肾结石", "D": "肾盂癌"}, "answer": "肾盂癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是上行性感染的肾盂肾炎病变最轻的部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "肾小管", "B": "肾间质", "C": "肾乳头", "D": "肾小球"}, "answer": "肾小球", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "扩张型心肌病左、右心室同时衰竭时,与临床症状和体征最有关的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺淤血", "B": "心排量减少", "C": "心律失常", "D": "心肌坏死"}, "answer": "心律失常", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "婴儿腹泻,重度等渗性脱水,酸中毒,按计划完成第一天补液后,第二天腹泻仍然明显,应按下列哪种方案补液?(  )", "options": {"A": "2∶1等张含钠液扩容", "B": "2∶2∶l液补充累积损失量", "C": "5%碳酸氢钠纠酸", "D": "继续丢失与生理需要"}, "answer": "继续丢失与生理需要", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某药的消除符合一级动力学,其t1/2为4小时,在定时、定量给药后,达到稳态血药浓度,需多长时间(  )。", "options": {"A": "约30小时", "B": "约20小时", "C": "约10小时", "D": "约50小时"}, "answer": "约20小时", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.27岁女性,G3P0,孕34周,出现无痛性阴道流血,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "前置胎盘", "B": "子宫破裂", "C": "胎盘早剥", "D": "先兆子宫破裂"}, "answer": "前置胎盘", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1岁小儿,母乳喂养,未添加辅食,出现贫血,诊断为营养性贫血,需要输血的指征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "重度贫血合并心力衰竭者", "B": "添加辅助食品困难者", "C": "合并有佝偻病者", "D": "发育迟缓者"}, "answer": "重度贫血合并心力衰竭者", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某地一位司机在车祸中受重伤,被同行的人送到附近一家医院抢救。检查发现病人多发性骨折,多脏器破裂,如不及时手术,病人就会死亡。手术需要亲属签协议书。可病人的同行者谁也不敢代替家属签名。这时,主刀医师的上级医生签了协议书,表示承担责任。经过医务人员的全力抢救,病人脱险。1.对该上级医生的做法,正确伦理评价应该是(  )。", "options": {"A": "正确,权威医生在任何时候都可以代替病人做主", "B": "正确,医生在医患关系中居主导地位,最有权利决策", "C": "正确,医生既已受到病人信托,必要时必须承担责任,应该代替病人做主", "D": "不正确,未经家属签名表示信托"}, "answer": "正确,医生既已受到病人信托,必要时必须承担责任,应该代替病人做主", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,25岁,反复上腹痛、反酸5年,进食后加重,空腹减轻。可诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃溃疡", "B": "十二指肠球后溃疡", "C": "十二指肠炎", "D": "胃黏膜脱垂"}, "answer": "胃溃疡", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "发病率最高的原发性免疫缺陷病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "重症联合免疫缺陷病", "B": "原发性B细胞缺陷", "C": "性联重症联合免疫缺陷病", "D": "DiGeorge综合征"}, "answer": "原发性B细胞缺陷", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,72岁。右手震颤伴动作缓慢6年,翻身困难1年。诊断为帕金森病。有青光眼和轻度肾功能不全病史,无消化性溃疡史。服用复方左旋多巴时症状改善明显,近1年来疗效减退,单剂疗效仅3小时。为改善症状,最适合增加的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溴隐亭", "B": "司来吉兰", "C": "苯海索", "D": "苯甲托品"}, "answer": "司来吉兰", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不稳定型心绞痛患者应争取在2小时内进行介入评估的临床情况是(  )", "options": {"A": "发作时间出现左心衰", "B": "ST段水平型下移", "C": "静息性心绞痛发作", "D": "ST段下斜型下移"}, "answer": "静息性心绞痛发作", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.需应用肾上腺皮质激素治疗的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏炎", "B": "游走性多发性关节炎", "C": "舞蹈病", "D": "皮下结节"}, "answer": "心脏炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医德评价的含义和作用(  )。", "options": {"A": "医德评价具有法律一样的约束作用", "B": "医德评价是指在医学领域中,依据一定的标准和原则,价值的一种判断,是医学伦理学的出发点和终点", "C": "医德评价对医疗的表象可以判断,对内在动机无法判断", "D": "医德评价是将医德原则转化为医德品行的方法"}, "answer": "医德评价是指在医学领域中,依据一定的标准和原则,价值的一种判断,是医学伦理学的出发点和终点", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "大叶性肺炎时肺肉质变的发生主要是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "病变范围广", "B": "纤维素渗出太多", "C": "细菌毒力过强", "D": "吞噬细胞少及功能缺陷"}, "answer": "吞噬细胞少及功能缺陷", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,42岁。1944年胸部X光片据说有异常,但无症状。至1965年才感到双臂举过头顶时有困难,双睑午后下垂,并发觉视物成双。检查:双睑下垂,眨眼疲劳试验阳性,各眼外肌均无力。两臂上举过头只能坚持30秒,两下肢近端无力。面肌力弱,但无咽下困难与构音障碍。反射感觉正常,未见肌萎缩和肌束颤动。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌营养不良症", "B": "重症肌无力", "C": "多发性肌炎", "D": "肌萎缩性侧索硬化"}, "answer": "重症肌无力", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,60岁。反复咳嗽、咳痰25年,心悸、气促、下肢间歇水肿3年,病情加重伴畏寒发热1周入院。体检:T 38℃,呼吸急促,口唇发绀,双肺叩诊过清音,中下肺闻及湿啰音,心率110次/分,心律齐,无杂音,双下肢重度水肿。4.假设该病例呼吸困难突然进一步加重,右肺呼吸音明显较前减弱,应立即进行的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉血气分析", "B": "胸腔B超", "C": "胸部X线", "D": "心电图"}, "answer": "动脉血气分析", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,28岁,以往体健,性格内向,近1年来怕热、心慌,食量明显增加,体重减轻,月经紊乱,诊断为甲状腺功能亢进症。经治疗后,病情好转。近2周来出现失眠,烦躁易怒,听不进相反意见,言语增多,诊断考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "内分泌紊乱所致精神障碍", "B": "精神分裂症", "C": "分裂样精神障碍", "D": "反应性精神障碍"}, "answer": "内分泌紊乱所致精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.输血完毕医护人员对有输血反应的应(  )。", "options": {"A": "核对患者姓名、性别、年龄、病室、床号、血型等", "B": "核对患者症状、体征、治疗过程", "C": "逐项填写患者输血反应回报单,并返还输血科保存,输血科每日统计上报医务处", "D": "逐项填写患者输血反应回报单,并上报院长室"}, "answer": "逐项填写患者输血反应回报单,并返还输血科保存,输血科每日统计上报医务处", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "硝酸甘油抗心绞痛的作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "增加心肌供氧量", "B": "收缩外周血管", "C": "减慢房室传导", "D": "释放NO"}, "answer": "释放NO", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5.肘后三角关系失常(  )。", "options": {"A": "肘关节脱位", "B": "髋关节前脱位", "C": "髋关节后上脱位", "D": "先天性髋关节脱位"}, "answer": "肘关节脱位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项为钩端螺旋体病的主要流行季节?(  )", "options": {"A": "2~5月", "B": "1~3月", "C": "6~10月", "D": "10~12月"}, "answer": "6~10月", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.溃疡(  )。", "options": {"A": "浅层皮肤粘膜坏死脱落形成的缺损", "B": "皮肤粘膜的较深层坏死脱落形成的缺损", "C": "肝脓肿向肝表面破溃,脓汁流向腹腔", "D": "深部组织的脓肿向体表穿破,形成盲端管道"}, "answer": "皮肤粘膜的较深层坏死脱落形成的缺损", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "兴奋性周期性变化中哪项的兴奋性最低?(  )", "options": {"A": "绝对不应期", "B": "低常期", "C": "超常期", "D": "相对不应期"}, "answer": "绝对不应期", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,50岁,10天前做胆道手术。近2日来时有突然寒战,体温38~39℃,间歇期体温接近正常。查血常规示白细胞8.5×109/L,中性粒细胞0.70,血培养阳性。考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "真菌所致全身性感染", "B": "革兰阴性细菌所致全身性感染", "C": "无芽孢厌氧菌所致全身性感染", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "革兰阴性细菌所致全身性感染", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.髋关节检查(  )。", "options": {"A": "Yount征", "B": "Dugas征", "C": "PivotShifttEst", "D": "Gaenslen征"}, "answer": "Yount征", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.经肝代谢转化才能产生效应的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "泼尼松", "B": "胰岛素", "C": "氯磺丙脲", "D": "甲苯磺丁脲"}, "answer": "泼尼松", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,53岁,3个月前在火车上急性起病,突然不认识女儿,恐惧地说:“头痛,眼前有甲虫飞舞,兴奋,应当杀死她。”耳边听至儿子、女儿说话声,经当地治疗症状消失。1周前当听到儿子死亡的消息复发,症状同前。既往高血压史5年。血压200/90mmHg;神经系统检查正常;精神检查:意识模糊,恐惧,有幻觉,思维不连贯,智力减退,记忆力差,有时意识清晰,叙述自己儿子已死亡,性格急躁,易激动,血压升高时精神症状加重。1.最有意义检查(  )。", "options": {"A": "头CT", "B": "人格测定", "C": "CSF", "D": "头部超声波"}, "answer": "头CT", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于结核性腹膜炎腹痛的特点,下列哪项不符合?(  )", "options": {"A": "疼痛多于脐周、下腹", "B": "早期腹痛不明显,或可始终无腹痛", "C": "当并发不完全性肠梗阻时,有阵发性腹痛", "D": "不会出现急腹症表现"}, "answer": "不会出现急腹症表现", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "儿童生长发育迟缓、食欲减退或异食癖,可能缺哪种物质?(  )", "options": {"A": "钙", "B": "硒", "C": "镁", "D": "锌"}, "answer": "锌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "中年男子,猛抬重物后腰部剧烈疼痛并向右下肢放射,右足麻木,其诊断最大可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰椎骨折", "B": "腰椎滑脱", "C": "腰部肌筋膜炎", "D": "腰椎间盘突出症"}, "answer": "腰椎间盘突出症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在我国,引起肝硬化的主要病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝静脉阻塞综合征", "B": "药物性肝炎", "C": "病毒性肝炎", "D": "肾性肝炎"}, "answer": "病毒性肝炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列不符合二尖瓣狭窄患者的描述的选项是(  )。", "options": {"A": "两颧绀红色", "B": "肺动脉段膨出", "C": "严重时发生急性肺气肿", "D": "心音弱而远"}, "answer": "心音弱而远", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "正常胎儿血循环中血氧含量最高的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动脉", "B": "肺动脉", "C": "脐静脉", "D": "脐动脉"}, "answer": "脐静脉", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.子宫内膜癌转移至盆腔淋巴结,属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "ⅠA期", "B": "ⅢC1期", "C": "ⅠB期", "D": "Ⅱ期"}, "answer": "ⅢC1期", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女婴,足月顺产,生后15小时出现黄疸,总胆红素102μmol/L,第2和3天血清胆红素分别为204μmol/L和306μmol/L。为明确诊断,首选哪些检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "血型及血型抗体检查", "B": "红细胞G-6PD活性测定", "C": "肝功能检查", "D": "血清甲胎蛋白含量测定"}, "answer": "血型及血型抗体检查", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "诊断浅昏迷最有价值的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对呼叫无反应", "B": "角膜反射消失", "C": "眼球浮动", "D": "Bahinski征(+)"}, "answer": "对呼叫无反应", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "A、B、O血型不合的新生儿溶血症,需要换血时最适合的血液为(  )。", "options": {"A": "O型血浆和AB型血细胞", "B": "O型血细胞和AB型血浆", "C": "O型全血", "D": "与新生儿相同的血细胞,与母亲血型相同的血浆"}, "answer": "O型血细胞和AB型血浆", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.医疗事故的主观方面(  )。", "options": {"A": "造成患者人身损害", "B": "过失", "C": "违法行为和损害结果之间有因果关系", "D": "医疗机构和医务人员"}, "answer": "过失", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,30岁,初孕妇,未临产,妊娠35周,恶心,呕吐,乏力伴皮肤黄染,瘙痒l周,结合化验检查诊断为妊娠合并乙型病毒性肝炎(重型),除保肝治疗外,应采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尽快利凡诺尔腔内引产", "B": "尽快行剖宫产术", "C": "尽快用催产素促进宫颈成熟", "D": "继续妊娠至37周"}, "answer": "尽快行剖宫产术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "长期肠外营养支持患者,应选择穿刺的血管是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈内静脉", "B": "颈外静脉", "C": "大隐静脉", "D": "足背静脉"}, "answer": "颈内静脉", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症与21-三体综合征的主要鉴别点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有无身材矮小", "B": "骨龄落后", "C": "动作发育迟缓", "D": "甲状腺功能检查和染色体检查"}, "answer": "甲状腺功能检查和染色体检查", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女孩,3岁。高热、咽痛、纳差3天。查体:咽部充血,眼结膜充血,颈部、耳后淋巴结肿大,心肺无异常。最可能的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "副流感病毒", "B": "腺病毒", "C": "单纯疱疹病毒", "D": "流感病毒"}, "answer": "腺病毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5.潮气量、补吸气量与补呼气量之和为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺活量", "B": "时间肺活量", "C": "每分通气量", "D": "肺泡通气量"}, "answer": "肺活量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,7岁,突发寒战,高热,右膝下方剧痛3天,查体T 39.8℃,P 86次/分,R 25次/分,BP 110/60mmHg。烦躁不安,右膝关节呈半屈曲状,拒动,右小腿近端皮温高,肿胀不明显,压痛阳性。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性血源性骨髓炎", "B": "膝关节结核", "C": "类风湿关节炎", "D": "化脓性关节炎"}, "answer": "急性血源性骨髓炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,60岁。2年来出现间歇性无痛性全程肉眼血尿,终末加重,近半年来出现尿频、尿痛,3个月来耻骨后痛,应诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "膀胱炎", "B": "膀胱肿瘤", "C": "膀胱结石", "D": "肾结核"}, "answer": "膀胱肿瘤", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.子痫前期常导致的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫破裂", "B": "前置血管", "C": "胎盘早剥", "D": "葡萄胎"}, "answer": "胎盘早剥", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者男性,40岁,家住山区,发现甲状腺结节20年,因逐渐增大影响呼吸而入院,术中见甲状腺右叶内一大结节,左叶内亦发现2个小结节,术中可作出的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺瘤", "B": "结节性甲状腺肿", "C": "甲状腺多发腺瘤", "D": "弥漫性甲状腺肿"}, "answer": "结节性甲状腺肿", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,47岁。扩张型心脏病10年,活动后喘憋进行性加重,因病卧床半年。下床排便后喘憋突然加重1小时。查体:R 30次/分,BP 90/60mmHg,口唇发绀,右下肺可闻及少许湿性啰音,心界向左扩大,心率90次/分,律齐,心音低钝,P2亢进,双下肢无水肿。心电图示右束支传导阻滞。血气分布示PaO248mmHg,PaCO2 35mmHg。该患者喘憋突然加重的最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性心包炎", "B": "肺血栓栓塞", "C": "急性心肌梗死", "D": "心绞痛"}, "answer": "肺血栓栓塞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是依赖cAMP的蛋白激酶?(  )", "options": {"A": "受体型TPK", "B": "非受体型TPK", "C": "PKC", "D": "PKG"}, "answer": "PKC", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某一细胞群体杀伤肿瘤细胞的机制为释放溶酶体直接杀伤、ADCC效应、分泌TNF等细胞因子。该细胞应该是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Mφ", "B": "Tc", "C": "NK", "D": "TIL"}, "answer": "Mφ", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "感染过程的五种表现在不同传染病中各有侧重,一般最常见的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "显性感染", "B": "隐性感染", "C": "病原体被清除", "D": "病原携带状态"}, "answer": "隐性感染", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,24岁。咳嗽、低热1周,右胸痛1天。查体:T38℃,右肺呼吸音减弱,可闻及胸膜摩擦音,血WBC5.3×109/L,N0.41。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "自发性气胸", "B": "肺血栓栓塞症", "C": "肺炎", "D": "胸膜炎"}, "answer": "胸膜炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,20岁,在一次体检中发现HBsAg(+),当时无自觉症状及体征,肝功能正常。次年5月,因突然乏力、恶心、厌食、尿黄而入院。化验:ALT500U,血清总胆红素85μmol/L,抗-HAVIgM(+)。该患者可能诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙型肝炎,慢性活动型,既往感染过甲型肝炎", "B": "急性甲型黄疸型肝炎,乙型肝炎病毒携带者", "C": "急性乙型肝炎,合并甲型肝炎", "D": "急性黄疸型肝炎,甲、乙型肝炎病毒混合感染"}, "answer": "急性甲型黄疸型肝炎,乙型肝炎病毒携带者", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "羊水栓塞抢救过程中首先应采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "切除子宫", "B": "纠正呼吸循环衰竭", "C": "立即终止妊娠", "D": "纠正DIC及继发纤溶"}, "answer": "纠正呼吸循环衰竭", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.常可导致牙龈肿胀、口腔溃疡的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性粒细胞白血病", "B": "急性单核细胞白血病", "C": "红白血病", "D": "急性淋巴细胞白血病"}, "answer": "急性单核细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "创伤、感染后发生神经内分泌反应时,下列哪种激素分泌减少?(  )", "options": {"A": "促肾上腺皮质激素", "B": "肾上腺皮质激素", "C": "抗利尿激素", "D": "胰岛素"}, "answer": "胰岛素", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "去除白细胞和血小板、肝炎病毒和抗A、B抗体的红细胞属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "浓缩红细胞", "B": "洗涤红细胞", "C": "LPRBC红细胞", "D": "冷沉淀"}, "answer": "洗涤红细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.女,34岁。低热、右下腹痛、腹泻5个月。有时腹泻便秘交替。消瘦、贫血。血沉40mm/h,钡餐检查:回盲部黏膜粗乱,充盈不佳,呈跳跃征。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠结核", "B": "Crohn病", "C": "溃疡性结肠炎", "D": "结肠癌"}, "answer": "肠结核", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不符合Graves症诊断的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "T3抑制试验抑制率>50%", "B": "TSH降低", "C": "TGAb和TPOAb阳性", "D": "rT3升高"}, "answer": "T3抑制试验抑制率>50%", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.髋关节屈曲挛缩的阳性体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Froment试验", "B": "Dugas征", "C": "Thomas征", "D": "Mills征"}, "answer": "Thomas征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.幼儿正常心率范围是(  )。", "options": {"A": "120~140次/分", "B": "110~130次/分", "C": "100~120次/分", "D": "70~90次/分"}, "answer": "100~120次/分", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "成年男性,体检时发现血液中HIV抗体阳性。其最具传染性的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "粪便", "B": "唾液", "C": "血液", "D": "汗液"}, "answer": "血液", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "从情感范畴来看,爱国心是一种(  )。", "options": {"A": "荣誉感", "B": "集体感", "C": "道德感", "D": "责任感"}, "answer": "道德感", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有关畸胎瘤的描述哪项错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "本瘤常发生于卵巢和睾丸", "B": "含有三个胚层的各种类型组织", "C": "可有良性、恶性两种类型", "D": "畸胎瘤都是良性的"}, "answer": "畸胎瘤都是良性的", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "8岁男孩,面部浮肿3天,少尿,血尿2天,伴呼吸困难,两肺底少许细湿啰音,心率142次/min,肝肋下2.5cm,血压120/83mmHg。2.紧急处理的重点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静滴青霉素", "B": "口服泼尼松", "C": "口服硝苯地平", "D": "静注呋塞米"}, "answer": "静注呋塞米", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男婴,足月,母乳喂养,生后第2天,血清总胆红素289μmol/L,小儿血型A,Rh阳性,母血型O,Rh阳性,小儿血直接抗人球蛋白的试验弱阳性,已查血常规及网织细胞计数。下一步做何种检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "肝功能检查", "B": "血培养", "C": "释放试验", "D": "测TORCH抗体"}, "answer": "释放试验", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "严重的腺垂体功能减退症易发生低血糖主要是由于缺乏(  )。", "options": {"A": "PRL及LH", "B": "PRL及TSH", "C": "PRL及ACTH", "D": "GH及ACTH"}, "answer": "GH及ACTH", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.髋关节后脱位(  )。", "options": {"A": "易发生腘动脉损伤", "B": "易发生缺血性骨坏死", "C": "易发生桡神经损伤", "D": "易发生坐骨神经损伤"}, "answer": "易发生坐骨神经损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,33岁。发现左乳房包块10天,无不适症状。查体:乳房视诊无异常,左乳房外上象限可触及1.5cm×1.5cm包块,质硬,不光滑,活动度良好,左腋窝未触及肿大淋巴结。钼靶X线片检查示1.5cm×1cm密度增高影,周边有小毛刺,中央可见聚集细小钙化点。2.术后10天拟行综合治疗,决定是否可用靶向治疗(曲妥珠单抗)的肿瘤标记物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ER", "B": "HER-2", "C": "p53", "D": "PR"}, "answer": "HER-2", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性腹膜炎恶化的体征主要表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹胀、肠鸣音减弱或消失", "B": "阵发性腹痛", "C": "持续性腹痛", "D": "腹部移动性浊音阳性"}, "answer": "腹胀、肠鸣音减弱或消失", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肝硬化患者今日发热,全腹压痛,抽出腹腔积液浑浊,为有效合理治疗,应尽快采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹腔积液细菌培养", "B": "血细菌培养", "C": "腹腔积液涂片染色查细菌", "D": "抗生素早期联合应用"}, "answer": "抗生素早期联合应用", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,2岁,低热、盗汗、乏力半个月余,头痛,间断抽搐5天。查体:精神委靡,颈强,克氏征阳性。胸片正常,OT试验(+++)。脑脊液:白细胞320×106/L,中性粒细胞占0.4,淋巴细胞占0.6,蛋白质(+)。诊断为结核性脑膜炎。3.应用泼尼松的目的不是为了(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制炎症渗出", "B": "降低颅内压", "C": "防止脑室孔道及颅底部纤维粘连", "D": "减轻症状,缩短病程"}, "answer": "减轻症状,缩短病程", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,26岁,头痛2个月,加重伴呕吐及左侧肢体无力1周。查体:双侧视乳头水肿,左侧鼻唇沟变浅,左侧肢体肌力Ⅳ级,左下肢可引出Babinski征。1.首选的检查项目应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头颅X光片", "B": "头颅CT扫描", "C": "脑电图", "D": "脑血管造影"}, "answer": "头颅CT扫描", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.属于医师执业义务的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医师在执业活动中,人格尊严、人身安全不受侵犯", "B": "医师在执业活动中,应当遵守法律、法规、遵守技术操作规范", "C": "对医学专业技术有重大突破,作出显著贡献的医师,应当给予表彰或者奖励", "D": "对考核不合格的医师,可以责令其接受培训和继续医学教育"}, "answer": "医师在执业活动中,应当遵守法律、法规、遵守技术操作规范", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,28岁,3个月前失恋,几天后出现明显的睡眠障碍,心情烦躁,常大发脾气,近1个多月来明显情绪低落,不出门,不愿活动,也不愿吃饭,几次割腕自杀。性格变得孤僻多疑,怀疑周围人都在议论她失恋的事,甚至怀疑父母亲不是生身父母,有时夜间听到楼下有人在议论她的声音。经常反复洗手刷牙,认为失恋原因是自己身体不洁的缘故。近2年来因失眠而间断服用安定类药物。以下诊断中可能性最小的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "抑郁症(抑郁发作)", "C": "延迟性心因性反应", "D": "强迫症"}, "answer": "强迫症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肾癌患者出现血尿时肿瘤已(  )。", "options": {"A": "转移至膀胱", "B": "全身转移", "C": "血行转移", "D": "侵及肾盂肾盏"}, "answer": "侵及肾盂肾盏", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.可促进IgE生成的细胞因子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IL-2", "B": "IFN-γ", "C": "IL-4", "D": "IL-10"}, "answer": "IL-4", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.对自身基因转录激活具有调控作用的DNA序列(  )。", "options": {"A": "顺式作用元件", "B": "反式作用元件", "C": "顺式作用因子", "D": "反式作用因子"}, "answer": "顺式作用元件", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "tRNA的3’端的序列为(  )。", "options": {"A": "-ACA", "B": "-CCA", "C": "-AAC", "D": "-AAA"}, "answer": "-CCA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.直接参与胆固醇生物合成的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ADP", "B": "NADPH", "C": "UTP", "D": "FAD"}, "answer": "NADPH", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "卡特尔认为人格是由什么构成的?(  )", "options": {"A": "人格特征", "B": "根源特质", "C": "表面特质", "D": "人格特质"}, "answer": "人格特质", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,1岁,弛张热,发热5天,咳嗽、气喘4天,用青霉素静脉滴注4天症状好转不明显,今日突然烦躁,呼吸困难,阵发性咳嗽。查体:体温39℃,呼吸60次/分,心率增快,170次/分,节律整。胸片示气管右移,左肺液气胸。2.应首选的紧急急救措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "镇咳剂", "B": "吸氧", "C": "解痉剂", "D": "胸腔闭式引流"}, "answer": "胸腔闭式引流", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.上消化道出血止血可选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素", "B": "去甲肾上腺素", "C": "异丙肾上腺素", "D": "多巴胺"}, "answer": "去甲肾上腺素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "可将志贺菌从其他肠道杆菌中鉴别出来的生化反应方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳糖发酵试验", "B": "尿素分解试验", "C": "胆汁溶菌试验", "D": "双糖铁培养基接种试验"}, "answer": "双糖铁培养基接种试验", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "苯二氮革类药物的作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "与苯二氮革受体结合,生成新的抑制性蛋白起作用", "B": "不通过受体,直接抑制中枢神经系统的功能", "C": "与其受体结合后促进GABA与相应受体结合,增加Cl-通道开放频率", "D": "与其受体结合后促进GABA与相应受体结合,增加Cl-通道开放的时间"}, "answer": "与其受体结合后促进GABA与相应受体结合,增加Cl-通道开放频率", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "最可能的致死性突变为缺失或插入一个核苷酸,其可导致(  )。", "options": {"A": "碱基转换", "B": "移码突变", "C": "无义突变", "D": "自发性转换突变"}, "answer": "移码突变", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.次级胆汁酸是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆酸", "B": "石胆酸", "C": "甘氨胆酸", "D": "鹅脱氧胆酸"}, "answer": "石胆酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初孕妇,26岁。宫口开全1小时40分,先露+1,枕右后位,宫缩由强转弱50分钟,宫缩间隔由2分钟延长为6~8分钟。本例最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨盆出口狭窄", "B": "骨盆入口狭窄", "C": "原发性子宫收缩乏力", "D": "中骨盆狭窄"}, "answer": "原发性子宫收缩乏力", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "《精神卫生法》关于精神障碍医学鉴定的要求是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鉴定人应当对鉴定过程进行实时记录并签名", "B": "不能确定就诊者为严重精神障碍的应当经医学鉴定", "C": "鉴定报告应当经精神障碍患者或者其监护人签字同意", "D": "鉴定人不应当到收治精神障碍患者的医疗机构面见、询问患者"}, "answer": "鉴定人应当对鉴定过程进行实时记录并签名", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于正常产褥期临床表现的叙述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体温在产后24小时内一般升高超过38℃", "B": "产后1周以后出现褥汗", "C": "产后第1日子宫底略上升达脐平", "D": "产后14日子宫底位于脐下2横指"}, "answer": "产后第1日子宫底略上升达脐平", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性充盈性尿失禁的常见原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使用利尿剂", "B": "输尿管结石", "C": "前列腺增生", "D": "下尿路感染"}, "answer": "前列腺增生", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,63岁,皮肤黏膜散在出血点10天,既往肝硬化病史多年,给予输注新鲜冰冻血浆治疗,输注开始后20分钟,患者出现皮肤瘙痒,荨麻疹表现,此时正确的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "停止输注", "B": "继续输注", "C": "减慢输注速度,并给予肾上腺素治疗", "D": "减慢输注速度,并给予抗组胺药物治疗"}, "answer": "减慢输注速度,并给予抗组胺药物治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "霍乱患者中度失水时输液量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "4000~8000m1/天", "B": "8000~10000ml/天", "C": "3000~4000ml/天", "D": "2000~3000ml/天"}, "answer": "4000~8000m1/天", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "胸腔积液患者胸水比重1.017,蛋白定量25g/L,李凡他试验阴性,LDH 200IU/L,首先考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "漏出液", "B": "渗出液", "C": "癌性积液", "D": "血性积液"}, "answer": "漏出液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于别构调节(或别构酶)的叙述哪项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "催化部位与别构部位位于同一亚基", "B": "别构调节可有效地、及时地适应环境的变化", "C": "动力学曲线呈s形", "D": "该调节可调整整个代谢通路"}, "answer": "催化部位与别构部位位于同一亚基", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "四个样本率进行χ2检验,其自由度为(  )。", "options": {"A": "1", "B": "2", "C": "3", "D": "4"}, "answer": "1", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有机磷中毒,烟碱样症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多汗", "B": "流涎", "C": "肌纤维颤动", "D": "肺水肿"}, "answer": "肌纤维颤动", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.大叶性肺炎的主要病理学特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "浆液性炎", "B": "纤维素性炎", "C": "化脓性炎", "D": "出血性炎"}, "answer": "纤维素性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,50岁。因肺源性心脏病呼吸衰竭入院。入院查神志清晰,血气分析:PaO2 4kPa(30mmHg),PaCO2 8kPa(60mmHg)。吸氧后神志渐不清,昏迷。血气分析:PaO2 9.3kPa(30mmHg),PaCO2 10.6kPa(80mmHg)。本病情恶化的原因最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "感染加重", "B": "心力衰竭加重", "C": "气道阻力增加", "D": "氧疗不当"}, "answer": "氧疗不当", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,38岁,1个月来乏力、食欲差,左上腹胀痛。查体:肝肋下3cm,脾肋下10cm,血红蛋白70g/L,白细胞260×109/L,血小板210×109/L,白细胞分类:中性粒及晚幼粒细胞为主,中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶活性减低,治疗应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "羟基脲", "B": "三代头孢", "C": "DA方案", "D": "保肝治疗"}, "answer": "羟基脲", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "易患强直性脊柱炎的患者通常有(  )。", "options": {"A": "HLA-DR2", "B": "HLA-DR3", "C": "HLA-DR4", "D": "HLA-B27"}, "answer": "HLA-B27", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "脑梗死临床表现中,下列哪项为不应有的症状或体征?(  )", "options": {"A": "意识不清", "B": "肢体瘫痪", "C": "抽搐", "D": "脑膜刺激征"}, "answer": "脑膜刺激征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于肾上腺危象,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "常发生于感染,创伤等应激情况下", "B": "可出现低血糖和低血钠症", "C": "血钾降低", "D": "可有恶心、脱水和血压降低等表现"}, "answer": "血钾降低", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是肺牵张反射的传入神经?(  )", "options": {"A": "窦神经", "B": "膈神经", "C": "主动脉神经", "D": "迷走神经"}, "answer": "迷走神经", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,35岁。因上消化道大出血入院。入院后输血4000ml后突然出现全身抽搐。体检:血压135/90mmHg(18/12kPa),瞳孔等大等圆,对光反射正常,脑神经无异常。实验室检查:血清钾3.8mmol/L、钠150mmol/L,动脉血pH 7.4。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低钾血症", "B": "高钙血症", "C": "低钙血症", "D": "高钠血症"}, "answer": "低钙血症", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为心理治疗医生是否成熟、称职的重要条件及心理治疗成败的关键?(  )", "options": {"A": "心理治疗实施的计划性", "B": "医生的技术水平", "C": "是否坚持保密原则", "D": "建立良好的医患关系"}, "answer": "建立良好的医患关系", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,18岁。下腹疼痛2个月。盆腔B超检查子宫大小正常,左侧宫旁探及6cm×5cm×3cm大小肿物,边界清。血清AFP 900μg/L。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卵巢畸胎瘤", "B": "卵巢内胚窦瘤", "C": "卵巢卵泡膜细胞瘤", "D": "卵巢无性细胞瘤"}, "answer": "卵巢内胚窦瘤", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.动脉粥样硬化症可见(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿少夫细胞", "B": "陷窝细胞", "C": "类上皮细胞", "D": "泡沫细胞"}, "answer": "泡沫细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "乙型脑炎(简称乙脑)的主要传染源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "猪", "B": "乙脑病毒携带者", "C": "蚊虫", "D": "野鼠"}, "answer": "猪", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于肾上腺危象错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可出现低血糖和低血钠症", "B": "常发生于感染,创伤等应激情况下", "C": "血钾降低", "D": "可有恶心、脱水和血压降低等表现"}, "answer": "血钾降低", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.成熟红细胞中,能产生调节血红蛋白运氧功能物质的代谢途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖有氧氧化", "B": "糖酵解", "C": "2,3-二磷酸甘油酸旁路", "D": "磷酸戊糖途径"}, "answer": "2,3-二磷酸甘油酸旁路", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列有关白细胞渗出的描述,哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)可促进内皮细胞及白细胞粘附分子的表达,影响白细胞粘着", "B": "白细胞伸出伪足,以阿米巴运动方式从内皮细胞缝隙游出", "C": "炎症的不同阶段,游出的白细胞种类不同", "D": "红细胞漏出也是主动过程"}, "answer": "红细胞漏出也是主动过程", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "阿米巴原虫是沿何途径进入肝内形成阿米巴肝脓肿的(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝静脉", "B": "胆道", "C": "淋巴道", "D": "门静脉属支"}, "answer": "门静脉属支", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于HLA-Ⅱ类抗原分子,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "由α链和β2m链组成", "B": "呈递外源性抗原", "C": "分布在所有有核细胞的表面", "D": "可与CD8分子结合"}, "answer": "呈递外源性抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,55岁,有长期饮酒史,近期患者出现严重的记忆力障碍,遗忘、错构、虚构和定向力障碍,此为(  )。", "options": {"A": "Wernicke脑病", "B": "柯萨科夫综合征", "C": "老年性痴呆", "D": "Ganser综合征"}, "answer": "柯萨科夫综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "流行性乙型脑炎的主要病理变化不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛛网膜下腔积脓", "B": "神经细胞变性坏死", "C": "软化灶形成", "D": "小胶质细胞结节形成"}, "answer": "蛛网膜下腔积脓", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,38岁。会阴部不适,双侧睾丸疼痛1年。社区医院按“前列腺炎”治疗效果不明显,近期症状加重,出现血精。查体:睾丸正常,左侧附睾尾部肿大,质地偏硬,左输精管增粗,呈“串珠状”改变。直肠指检:前列腺略大,有大小不等的结节,无压痛。2.为协助诊断,需补充的最重要的病史是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不洁性生活史", "B": "附睾炎病史", "C": "睾丸炎病史", "D": "结核病史"}, "answer": "结核病史", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "何种药物可阻断心肌细胞的慢通道?(  )", "options": {"A": "铯", "B": "河豚毒", "C": "Mg2+", "D": "异搏定(维拉帕米)"}, "answer": "异搏定(维拉帕米)", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.刺激骨髓促进造血(  )。", "options": {"A": "雄激素", "B": "糖皮质激素", "C": "环孢素A", "D": "一叶荻碱"}, "answer": "雄激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.胸部X线以肺间质改变为主,伴肺气肿(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管炎", "B": "毛细支气管炎", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "D": "支原体肺炎"}, "answer": "毛细支气管炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男孩,8岁。高热伴右下肢剧痛、不能活动2天。查体:T 39.4℃,P 135次/分,精神不振,右胫骨上端微肿,有深压痛,白细胞26×109/L,红细胞沉降率80mm/h,X线检查未见明显异常,核素扫描显示右胫骨上端有浓聚区。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "风湿性关节炎", "B": "膝关节结核", "C": "急性化脓性骨髓炎", "D": "急性化脓性关节炎"}, "answer": "急性化脓性骨髓炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,54岁。发热、胸痛伴心包摩擦音,曾用非激素类抗炎药。3周后呼吸困难加重,心率110次/分,律齐,心音遥远,血压90/70mmHg,肝大,下肢水肿。1.患者近2周出现的病情变化提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "右心功能不全", "B": "心脏压塞", "C": "肝硬化", "D": "肺部感染"}, "answer": "心脏压塞", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于蛋白聚糖的叙述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可含多种糖胺聚糖", "B": "糖胺聚糖以共价键连接于核心蛋白", "C": "蛋白聚糖和糖蛋白中糖的结构相同", "D": "蛋白聚糖还含有一些N或O连接寡糖链"}, "answer": "蛋白聚糖和糖蛋白中糖的结构相同", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "15天新生儿,男性,以反应差不吃奶2天,加重1天收入院。查体:反应差,面色发灰,皮肤轻度黄染,有少量出血点,心音稍低,肺呼吸音清析,腹软,肝肋下2cm,脾肋下1cm,四肢活动少,腋下、背部可见数个脓疱疹,绿豆到黄豆大小,有黄色脓性渗出液,脐部干燥,神经系统未见异常。白细胞21×109/L,中性70%,淋巴30%,血小板90×109/L。3.应选择下列哪种抗菌素合适?(  )", "options": {"A": "万古霉素", "B": "羧苄西林", "C": "链霉素", "D": "丁胺卡那霉素"}, "answer": "万古霉素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "寡免疫复合物型新月体型肾炎最常见的血清学指标变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体阳性", "B": "抗肾小球基底膜抗体阳性", "C": "抗核抗体阳性", "D": "补体下降"}, "answer": "抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对甲类传染病患者实施强制隔离措施时,应当遵循的公共卫生伦理原则不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "社会公正原则", "B": "全社会参与原则", "C": "互助协同原则", "D": "以患者为中心原则"}, "answer": "以患者为中心原则", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者女性,64岁。发现右乳房肿块6个月,不伴疼痛。体检:双侧乳房乳头对称,乳头无凹陷,皮肤无橘皮样改变,右乳外上象限可触及一3cm×3cm×3.5cm大肿块,质硬,表面不光滑,固定。右腋窝可触及肿大的淋巴结并与周围组织粘连。初步诊断为乳腺癌。1.其TNM分期是(  )。", "options": {"A": "0期", "B": "Ⅱ期", "C": "Ⅲ期", "D": "Ⅳ期"}, "answer": "Ⅲ期", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于胃肠道手术病人术前准备,不正确的(  )。", "options": {"A": "手术前1~2日开始进流质饮食", "B": "手术前8小时开始禁食,4小时开始禁水", "C": "必要时可以行胃肠减压", "D": "一般手术术前一日肥皂水灌肠"}, "answer": "手术前8小时开始禁食,4小时开始禁水", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "构成医疗事故的要件之一是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直接故意", "B": "过失", "C": "意外事件", "D": "紧急避险"}, "answer": "过失", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "骨折临床愈合的标准,下列哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "局部无压痛", "B": "局部无纵向叩击痛", "C": "局部无反常活动", "D": "局部无畸形"}, "answer": "局部无畸形", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "成年男性,3个月来双下肢无力、双下肢麻木,逐渐发展到腰部,后背疼痛且咳嗽时加剧。查体:左半侧T8下痛温觉消失;右下肢肌力Ⅲ度,腱反射亢进,Babinski征阳性,右下肢足趾振动觉、位置觉消失。3.该脊髓损害为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓半切综合征", "B": "脊髓后角损害", "C": "脊神经根损害", "D": "脊髓后索和侧索联合损害"}, "answer": "脊髓半切综合征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.检查血清中抗核抗体的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单向琼脂扩散", "B": "对流免疫电泳", "C": "ELISA", "D": "荧光标记"}, "answer": "荧光标记", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "抗癌基因,即肿瘤抑制基因(  )。", "options": {"A": "是正常细胞的固有基因", "B": "其编码的蛋白质能抑制细胞的生长", "C": "抗癌基因突变可能引起细胞的肿瘤性转化", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.日本血吸虫之虫卵可引起何种病变(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮炎", "B": "嗜酸性脓肿和假结核结节", "C": "肠系膜静脉及门静脉炎", "D": "胆管炎"}, "answer": "嗜酸性脓肿和假结核结节", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于血栓的叙述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉血栓多于动脉血栓", "B": "下肢血栓多于上肢血栓", "C": "层状血栓是混合血栓", "D": "静脉血栓多为红色血栓"}, "answer": "静脉血栓多为红色血栓", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于病原菌致病性的构成因素,叙述最全面的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "毒力+侵入部位+细菌数量", "B": "侵袭酶类+毒素+细菌数量", "C": "侵袭力+侵入部位+细菌数量", "D": "毒素+侵袭力+侵入部位"}, "answer": "毒力+侵入部位+细菌数量", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.抗凝血酶Ⅲ(  )。", "options": {"A": "水解乙酰胆碱", "B": "抑制凝血酶", "C": "特异性地与球蛋白结合", "D": "专与血红素结合"}, "answer": "抑制凝血酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "32岁,男性患者,52天前右前臂因锐器刺伤,经清创缝合,现伤口愈合,但遗有爪形手畸形和骨间肌萎缩,该患者最可能的损伤为(  )。", "options": {"A": "正中神经损伤", "B": "尺神经损伤", "C": "骨间肌损伤", "D": "正中神经和桡神经损伤"}, "answer": "尺神经损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "用异烟肼时合用维生素B6的目的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "增强疗效", "B": "中枢抑制", "C": "降低对神经的毒性", "D": "促进吸收"}, "answer": "降低对神经的毒性", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.上述哪项属于医师违背不伤害的原则?(  )", "options": {"A": "医师对病人的呼叫或提问给予应答", "B": "医师的行为使某个病人受益,但却给别的病人带来了损害", "C": "医师给病人实施粗暴性的检查", "D": "医师尊重病人是指满足病人的一切要求"}, "answer": "医师给病人实施粗暴性的检查", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,40岁,曾在国外居住多年,3年前回国,近半年持续低热,伴乏力,周身淋巴结肿大,口腔黏膜反复感染,大量抗生素治疗效果不佳,近来体重减轻,血常规示:白细胞低和贫血。1.此时应注意哪种疾病更合适?(  )", "options": {"A": "白塞病", "B": "传染性单核细胞增多症", "C": "艾滋病", "D": "亚急性变应性败血症"}, "answer": "艾滋病", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "最易形成慢发病毒感染的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HIV", "B": "HAV", "C": "HSV", "D": "HPV"}, "answer": "HIV", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.怀疑嗜铬细胞瘤的病人,如果血压超过180/80~110mmHg,为明确诊断应选择的试验是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胰高血糖素试验", "B": "胰岛素低血糖实验", "C": "酚妥拉明试验", "D": "地塞米松抑制试验"}, "answer": "酚妥拉明试验", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,73岁。突发腹痛伴寒战、高热5天,巩膜黄染2天。查体:T 39.1℃,P 104次/min,R 22次/min,BP 100/72mmHg。上腹肌紧张,压痛,反跳痛(+),肝脾未触及,肠鸣音2~3次/min,血WBC 16×109/L,N 0.79,ALT 60U/L,AST 55U/L,TBil 69μmol/L,DBi 61μmol/L,血、尿淀粉酶正常范围。2.最适宜的急症手术是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胰腺坏死组织清除,腹腔引流术", "B": "胆囊切除术", "C": "手术解除肠梗阻或系膜血管梗阻", "D": "胆总管探查,T形管引流术"}, "answer": "胆总管探查,T形管引流术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,5岁,水肿、少尿4天。尿检:蛋白质(+++),红细胞0~3个/HP。血浆总蛋白40g/L,清蛋白20g/L,胆固醇12mmol/L,尿素氮4.5mmol/L。本病例最可能诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯性肾病", "B": "慢性肾炎", "C": "急性肾炎", "D": "尿路感染"}, "answer": "单纯性肾病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是氨基苷类抗生素的主要不良反应?(  )", "options": {"A": "抑制骨髓", "B": "耳毒性", "C": "心脏毒性", "D": "消化道反应"}, "answer": "耳毒性", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "婴儿腹泻重度脱水的主要诊断依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤弹性差", "B": "哭无泪,尿量少", "C": "眼眶及前囟凹陷", "D": "外周循环衰竭"}, "answer": "哭无泪,尿量少", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "病人大脑病变呈现弥散性器质性损害时,可出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "全面性痴呆", "B": "刚塞综合征", "C": "童样痴呆", "D": "重度精神发育迟滞"}, "answer": "全面性痴呆", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪一项不是氨基糖苷类抗生素的共同特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "水溶性好,性质稳定", "B": "对G+菌具有高度抗菌活性", "C": "对G-需氧杆菌具有高度抗菌活性", "D": "与核蛋白体30S亚基结合,抑制蛋白质合成的杀菌剂"}, "answer": "对G+菌具有高度抗菌活性", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "10个月患儿,发热2天,抽搐1次,急诊入院,询问病史,其母患浸润性肺结核。查体:心肺正常,前囟饱满,颈软,肝、脾轻度肿大。脑脊液:外观清,细胞数100×106/L,中性粒细胞占0.3,淋巴细胞占0.7,糖1.1mmol/L,氯化物101mmol/L。首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "化脓性脑膜炎", "B": "高热惊厥", "C": "结核性脑膜炎", "D": "病毒性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "结核性脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "牵涉痛是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "内脏疾病引起体表特定部位的疼痛或痛觉过敏", "B": "伤害性刺激作用于皮肤痛觉感受器", "C": "伤害性刺激作用于内脏痛觉感受器", "D": "皮肤受切割等刺激时产生的痛觉"}, "answer": "内脏疾病引起体表特定部位的疼痛或痛觉过敏", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于免疫耐受的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫耐受是抗原特异性的", "B": "协同刺激因子可促进免疫耐受形成", "C": "免疫抑制措施可促进免疫耐受形成", "D": "免疫耐受也是一种免疫应答"}, "answer": "免疫耐受也是一种免疫应答", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "血吸虫病病原治疗首选的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲苯达唑", "B": "酒石酸钠", "C": "甲硝唑", "D": "吡喹酮"}, "answer": "吡喹酮", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某学生,2l岁,失眠半年,近1个月来学习成绩下降,不愿上课,不愿与他人交往,追问原因说:“大家都对我有偏见,讽刺的话让我受不了,去饭堂打饭时,他们故意咳嗽,是嘲笑我吃的太多,连学校的广播也议论我的事。”此病人的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "关系妄想", "B": "思维被洞悉感", "C": "被害妄想", "D": "象征性思维"}, "answer": "关系妄想", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列不属于萎缩的器官是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压病的肾脏", "B": "肾结核的肾脏", "C": "慢性肾小球肾炎的肾脏", "D": "动脉粥样硬化症的肾脏"}, "answer": "肾结核的肾脏", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "能引起首关效应的主要给药途径为(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸入给药", "B": "口服给药", "C": "直肠给药", "D": "皮下注射"}, "answer": "口服给药", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "什么时候做头部CT检查,诊断脑梗死阳性率较高?(  )", "options": {"A": "发病12小时以后", "B": "发病48小时以后", "C": "发病18小时以后", "D": "发病1周以后"}, "answer": "发病48小时以后", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "属于医师注册后由卫生行政部门注销注册的情形是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中止医师执业活动满1年的", "B": "受罚款行政处罚", "C": "受警告行政处罚", "D": "受吊销执业证书行政处罚的"}, "answer": "受吊销执业证书行政处罚的", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "透明血栓的主要成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血小板+纤维素", "B": "纤维素", "C": "血小板+白细胞", "D": "血小板+红细胞"}, "answer": "纤维素", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.肾动脉狭窄患者可出现的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉血压升高,尿量减少", "B": "动脉血压降低,尿量减少", "C": "动脉血压升高,尿量增加", "D": "动脉血压和尿量无明显变化"}, "answer": "动脉血压升高,尿量减少", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女孩,14个月,仍单纯母乳喂养,不愿进辅食,近1个月面色渐苍白,活动少,捡土块吃。血象:Hb 60g/L,RBC 3.05×1012/L,WBC 8×109/L,PLT 225 × 109/L。MCV 74pg、MCH 26fl、MCHC 28%。3.该患儿最佳治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "铁剂加维生素C", "B": "泼尼松加铁剂", "C": "铁剂加叶酸", "D": "铁剂加维生素B12"}, "answer": "铁剂加维生素C", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "10个月男婴,双胎之一,出生体重2.5kg,因食欲差就诊。查体:欠活泼,面色稍苍白,面部无明显消瘦,两个月前曾间断腹泻,测体重6.6kg,身长73cm。腹部皮下脂肪0.4cm,四肢肌张力尚可,测血红蛋白为90g/L。该患儿合理诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "正常儿", "B": "单纯营养性贫血", "C": "I度营养不良伴营养性贫血", "D": "Ⅱ度营养不良伴营养性贫血"}, "answer": "I度营养不良伴营养性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下哪项是最常见的有功能影响的垂体腺瘤?(  )", "options": {"A": "GH瘤", "B": "TSH瘤", "C": "ACTH瘤", "D": "PRL瘤"}, "answer": "PRL瘤", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "大环内酯类对下列哪类病原微生物无效?(  )", "options": {"A": "革兰阴性(G-)球菌", "B": "革兰阳性(G+)菌", "C": "大肠杆菌、变形杆菌", "D": "军团菌"}, "answer": "大肠杆菌、变形杆菌", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对腹膜刺激最轻的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血液", "B": "肠液", "C": "胰液", "D": "胆汁"}, "answer": "血液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.中等大小可溶性复合物(  )。", "options": {"A": "引起Ⅰ型超敏反应", "B": "引起Ⅱ型超敏反应", "C": "引起Ⅲ型超敏反应", "D": "是Ⅰ型超敏反应的介质"}, "answer": "引起Ⅲ型超敏反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,26岁,施工时因塌方受伤,被同事从土堆中救出后送入医院。1.接诊早期应特别注意(  )。", "options": {"A": "不要遗忘神经系统检查项目", "B": "首先行胸部平片检查", "C": "口腔内有无异物影响呼吸", "D": "头部平片除外颅骨骨折"}, "answer": "口腔内有无异物影响呼吸", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,40岁,推销员,自述半小时前又突然感到气紧,胸闷,心悸,头晕,出汗,认为生命垂危,被送来急诊。近2月来,这种情况发生过3次,每次持续约0.5~1小时,发病间隙期一切正常,发病与饮食无关。1.最大可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癔症发作", "B": "低钾血症", "C": "惊恐发作", "D": "内脏性癫痫"}, "answer": "惊恐发作", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列有关胆管的描述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左、右肝管汇合形成胆总管", "B": "肝总管分为十二指肠上段、后段和胰腺段", "C": "乏特壶腹通常开口于十二指肠球部", "D": "胆总管长约7~9cm,直径约0.6~0.8cm"}, "answer": "胆总管长约7~9cm,直径约0.6~0.8cm", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心肌工作细胞具有兴奋性的前提条件是Na+通道处于(  )。", "options": {"A": "激活状态", "B": "备用状态", "C": "启动状态", "D": "失活状态"}, "answer": "备用状态", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "神经性贪食的主要特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "食后呕吐", "B": "持续性的暴食", "C": "发作性暴食", "D": "食前、食后呕吐"}, "answer": "发作性暴食", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.左旋多巴的作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制外周多巴脱羧酶,增强左旋多巴疗效", "B": "在脑内转变为DA,补充纹状体中DA的不足", "C": "阻断中枢胆碱受体", "D": "兴奋中枢胆碱受体"}, "answer": "在脑内转变为DA,补充纹状体中DA的不足", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医疗机构发现突发公共卫生事件后,应当向当地卫生行政部门报告的时间要求为(  )。", "options": {"A": "1小时内", "B": "2小时内", "C": "6小时内", "D": "8小时内"}, "answer": "2小时内", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有关糖尿病的诊断正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "三多一少症状是诊断的必备条件", "B": "尿糖检测一定阳性", "C": "随机血糖>11.1mmo]/L即可诊断", "D": "空腹血糖不一定升高"}, "answer": "空腹血糖不一定升高", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.可引起先天性耳聋的病毒是(  )。", "options": {"A": "风疹病毒", "B": "腮腺炎病毒", "C": "腺病毒", "D": "麻疹病毒"}, "answer": "风疹病毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "全血减少伴脾肿大时,一般不考虑的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "SLE", "B": "原发性再生障碍性贫血", "C": "恶性组织细胞病", "D": "脾功能亢进"}, "answer": "原发性再生障碍性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.持续性低补体(  )。", "options": {"A": "微小病变", "B": "膜性肾病", "C": "IgA肾病", "D": "膜增生性肾炎"}, "answer": "膜增生性肾炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "足月新生儿,因胎心率>160次/min而以产钳助产,第二产程延长,Apgar评分3分。2.如该患儿心率<80次/min.在下列复苏措施中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心外按压术", "B": "1:10000肾上腺素", "C": "纠正酸中毒", "D": "输全血及血浆"}, "answer": "输全血及血浆", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "伤寒病人发病第1周内,分离病原菌应采取的标本是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血液", "B": "尿液", "C": "呕吐物", "D": "脑脊液"}, "answer": "血液", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "哺乳期妇女,左乳房红肿疼痛3天,体检:体温38.9℃,左乳外上象限发红,肿胀,压痛,无明显波动感,于压痛最明显处穿刺未抽得脓液。3.经验性用药宜选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素", "B": "庆大霉素", "C": "氯霉素", "D": "四环素"}, "answer": "青霉素", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性肢体动脉栓塞的临床表现“5P”不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "感觉异常", "B": "疼痛", "C": "脉快", "D": "苍白"}, "answer": "脉快", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "研究表明,具有C型人格特征的人易患(  )。", "options": {"A": "冠心病", "B": "糖尿病", "C": "恶性肿瘤", "D": "偏头痛"}, "answer": "恶性肿瘤", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "足月新生儿,日龄8天,母乳喂养,皮肤黄染,血清胆红素153.9μmol/L(9mg/dl),其余体检及实验室检查均正常。2.此时应采取的处理措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "光照疗法", "B": "静滴白蛋白", "C": "肾上腺皮质激素", "D": "以上均不是"}, "answer": "以上均不是", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,25岁,人流术后2周,腹痛伴高热,阴道分泌物增多,大便里急后重。妇科检查:宫颈管内可见大量脓性分泌物。宫颈举痛。子宫前位,饱满,质中等,活动不良,压痛明显,附件增厚,下腹压痛,反跳痛,及肌紧张阳性。查体:体温38.5℃2.下一步治疗应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗生素口服", "B": "抗生素静点", "C": "利福平,异烟肼联合应用9个月", "D": "链霉素肌注半年"}, "answer": "抗生素静点", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "中和抗体的主要作用是阻止病毒(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸附细胞", "B": "脱壳和穿入", "C": "生物合成", "D": "释放"}, "answer": "吸附细胞", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.再生障碍性贫血(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞大小不等,中心淡染区扩大", "B": "细胞中含粗大嗜天青颗粒比例I>30%", "C": "骨髓增生低下,造血细胞减少", "D": "红细胞中有染色质小体"}, "answer": "骨髓增生低下,造血细胞减少", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,30岁,农民,既往体健。7月2日来诊,腹泻2天,为水样便,带少量黏液,量多,每日十余次,相继呕吐数次,无发热、无腹痛,腓肠肌痉挛。查体:体温36.8℃,神志清,皮肤弹性差,脉细速,血压70/30mmHg。化验检查:大便镜检白细胞0.2 个/HP,血红蛋白1.69/L,血白细胞计数12×109/L,中性粒细胞0.78,淋巴细胞0.12,单核细胞10%。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "菌痢", "B": "急性肠炎", "C": "霍乱", "D": "轮状病毒感染"}, "answer": "霍乱", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,出生11天。不能张口吸乳,偶有咳嗽、蹙眉,头后仰,上肢屈曲,下肢伸直,手半握拳状,无呼吸困难。其最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小儿搐搦症", "B": "小儿癫痫", "C": "产后颅内血肿", "D": "破伤风"}, "answer": "破伤风", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,50岁。为长期使用麻醉药品的门诊癌症患者。医院为了解治疗效果和用药安全状况,要求其定期进行复诊。根据相关规定,该患者复诊间隔的最长期限是(  )。", "options": {"A": "4个月", "B": "5个月", "C": "2个月", "D": "3个月"}, "answer": "3个月", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "白喉抗毒素被胃蛋白酶水解后,下列说法错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "失去Fc段的抗原性", "B": "减少超敏反应的发生", "C": "失去结合相应抗原的生物学活性", "D": "Fc段被切成小段"}, "answer": "失去结合相应抗原的生物学活性", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于慢性乙型肝炎下述哪一项不是干扰素治疗适应证?(  )", "options": {"A": "血清ALT升高", "B": "HBV-DNA阳性", "C": "有自身免疫性疾病", "D": "血清胆红素正常"}, "answer": "有自身免疫性疾病", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "嵌顿疝与绞窄疝的鉴别要点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有无休克", "B": "疝的位置", "C": "有无肠梗阻", "D": "有无血循环障碍"}, "answer": "有无血循环障碍", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "临终关怀的道德要求是:(  )。", "options": {"A": "认识和理解临终病人", "B": "满足临终病人的意愿", "C": "重视临终病人的生命品质", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.用抗人球蛋白抗体检测抗血细胞抗体的试验是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直接凝集反应", "B": "ELISA", "C": "协同凝集反应", "D": "Coomb’s试验"}, "answer": "ELISA", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男孩,l2岁,跌跤后当晚自感全身不适,发热,左膝部疼痛,经用青霉素3日无效来院。查体:左股骨下端肿胀,有局限性深压痛,膝关节内有积液,活动障碍,潮红不明显,体温39.5℃。白细胞计数18×109/L,中性粒细胞0.9,血沉80mm/h。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "化脓性膝关节炎", "B": "风湿性膝关节炎", "C": "股骨下端化脓性骨髓炎", "D": "创伤性膝关节炎"}, "answer": "股骨下端化脓性骨髓炎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,27岁,入院前1小时右腕上6cm处被机器绞断,软组织挫伤严重,神经血管均较骨骼短缩2cm,该病人最好的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "清创后,残端缝合,断肢保存,待二期再植", "B": "清创后,残端缝合", "C": "包扎换药", "D": "立即行断肢再植术"}, "answer": "立即行断肢再植术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,23岁,问她“你是哪里人?”病人快速回答说:“我是中国人,祖国在我心中,我三中毕业,到山中去,矿物局山中,我在矿山当会计……人类进入新的历史阶段,新的时代,培养一代新人,我们都是革命接班人。”此症状属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "思维松弛", "B": "思维不连贯", "C": "思维奔逸", "D": "思维破碎"}, "answer": "思维奔逸", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩,10岁。因高度水肿及大量蛋白尿,予泼尼松60mg/d治疗10周,病情未缓解来诊。查体:T 36.5℃,P 80次/分,R 18次/分,颜面明显水肿,面色苍白,肺部未闻及啰音,心(-),腹部较膨隆,肝脾触及不清,四肢明显水肿。实验室检查蛋白尿(+++),尿沉渣镜检RBC 50/HP,补体C3正常,肾功能正常。2.对其激素疗效判断正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "激素耐药", "B": "激素敏感", "C": "肾病复发", "D": "肾病频复发"}, "answer": "激素耐药", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.小脑幕裂孔疝(  )。", "options": {"A": "头痛,呕吐,视乳头水肿", "B": "呼吸骤停", "C": "昏迷,患侧瞳孔散大,对侧肢体偏瘫", "D": "血压升高,脉搏变慢,出现潮式呼吸"}, "answer": "昏迷,患侧瞳孔散大,对侧肢体偏瘫", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于腹股沟嵌顿疝手法复位的叙述中。下列哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "疝块大,腹壁缺损较大,疝环较松者可试行手法复位", "B": "年老体弱或伴有其他严重疾病的嵌顿患者,估计肠管无绞窄者可试行手法复位", "C": "嵌顿时间在3~4小时以内,尚无腹膜刺激征者可试行手法复位", "D": "手法复位方便简便,避免了手术之苦,应大力推荐"}, "answer": "手法复位方便简便,避免了手术之苦,应大力推荐", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "D/G易位型21-三体综合征最常见的核型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "46,XY(或XX),-13,+t(13q21q)", "B": "46,XY(或XX),-14,+t(14q21q)", "C": "46,XY(或XX),-15,+t(15q21q)", "D": "46,XY(或XX),-21,+t(21q21q)"}, "answer": "46,XY(或XX),-14,+t(14q21q)", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "静息电位接近于(  )。", "options": {"A": "钠平衡电位", "B": "钾平衡电位", "C": "钠平衡电位与钾平衡电位之差", "D": "锋电位与超射之差"}, "answer": "钾平衡电位", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在动脉粥样硬化的病理过程中,下列哪一种病变不存在?(  )", "options": {"A": "玻璃样变性", "B": "纤维素样变性", "C": "出血", "D": "血栓形成"}, "answer": "纤维素样变性", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是经典途径激活补体的抗原抗体复合物?(  )", "options": {"A": "sIgA与抗原组成的复合物", "B": "1个IgM与抗原组成的复合物", "C": "1个IgG与抗原组成的复合物", "D": "1个IgE与抗原组成的复合物"}, "answer": "1个IgM与抗原组成的复合物", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "自身免疫病治疗原则中属于免疫调节的方法(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗MHC-Ⅱ类Ag的Ab", "B": "PG抑制剂", "C": "淋巴因子(细胞因子)", "D": "氨基蝶呤"}, "answer": "淋巴因子(细胞因子)", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "皑皑白雪,在晚霞的映照下,呈现出一片红色,但是我们对雪地的知觉仍然是白色。这是因为人的知觉具有(  )。", "options": {"A": "理解性", "B": "整体性", "C": "选择性", "D": "恒常性"}, "answer": "恒常性", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "缺铁性贫血,铁剂治疗5~10天出现的治疗反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清铁增加", "B": "骨髓外铁增加", "C": "网织红细胞数升高", "D": "红细胞平均直径恢复正常"}, "answer": "网织红细胞数升高", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于前置胎盘的阴道流血特征,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫收缩时阴道流血停止", "B": "无痛性阴道流血", "C": "有痛性阴道流血", "D": "阴道流血常有外伤史"}, "answer": "无痛性阴道流血", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.会穿鞋,能唱歌的年龄(  )。", "options": {"A": "2岁", "B": "4岁", "C": "5岁", "D": "6岁"}, "answer": "4岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.女,31岁。取环后10天,发热3天。查体:T 38.6℃,P 98次/分,R 23次/分,BP 100/80mmHg,宫颈举痛(+),子宫压痛,右侧附件区可触及腊肠型肿物,触痛明显,活动度差。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "输卵管妊娠", "B": "生殖器结核", "C": "盆腔炎性疾病", "D": "卵巢上皮性癌"}, "answer": "盆腔炎性疾病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,42岁。进油腻饮食后腹胀、腹痛4小时。持续性上腹痛,伴有恶心、呕吐、发热、腰背部不适。查体:T 38.4℃,P 124次/min,BP 90/60mmHg,急性痛苦貌,巩膜无黄染,腹饱满,腹肌紧张,有压痛和反跳痛,上腹为主,肠鸣音消失。右下腹穿刺抽出淡红色血性液体。血WBC 16.2×109/L,N 0.9。血清淀粉酶6000U/L(Somogyi法)。2.出现这种病变的主要发病机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胰腺供血动脉栓塞引起供血障碍", "B": "穿透性十二直肠溃疡导致胰腺炎性反应", "C": "胆囊炎、胆囊结石堵塞胆囊管致梗阻", "D": "胰腺中的消化酶被激活后导致胰腺自身消化"}, "answer": "胰腺中的消化酶被激活后导致胰腺自身消化", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某车祸伤员,男性,34岁。送至急诊时,诉呼吸困难,腹部剧痛。体检发现左胸有一伤口,有气泡与血液从伤口涌出,右上腹皮肤有伤痕。神志清楚,测血压60/30mmHg(8/4kPa)。心率110次/min,呼吸40次/min。查B超发现有肝破裂。此伤员应属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "多发伤", "B": "联合伤", "C": "复合伤", "D": "混合伤"}, "answer": "多发伤", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "判断PPD试验的结果是依据(  )。", "options": {"A": "12~24小时测量皮肤硬结直径", "B": "48~72小时测量皮肤红斑直径", "C": "24~48小时测量皮肤红斑直径", "D": "48~72小时测量皮肤硬结直径"}, "answer": "48~72小时测量皮肤硬结直径", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心力衰竭细胞最常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺心病", "B": "冠心病", "C": "右心衰竭", "D": "慢性肺淤血"}, "answer": "慢性肺淤血", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "可同时了解肾积水患者的肾功能及其梗阻程度的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "逆行肾盂造影", "B": "MRI", "C": "B超检查", "D": "放射性核素肾图"}, "answer": "放射性核素肾图", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "抑制磷酸二酯酶,减少cAMP的降解而使cAMP增多的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "异丙阿托品", "B": "氨茶碱", "C": "异丙肾上腺素", "D": "特布他林"}, "answer": "氨茶碱", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.患者有黄疸症状,伴有上腹绞痛、寒战、高热。最可能的病因诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒性肝炎", "B": "胆总管结石", "C": "原发性肝癌", "D": "壶腹部肿瘤"}, "answer": "胆总管结石", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5岁女孩,主因眼睑及下肢水肿5天,咳嗽伴喘憋2天就诊。查体:BPl7/12kPa,眼睑及双膝关节以下水肿,心率130次/分,律齐,心音尚有力,双肺可闻及散在中小水泡音,肝肋下3cm。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管肺炎", "B": "急性肾炎", "C": "支气管肺炎合并心力衰竭", "D": "急性肾炎合并循环充血"}, "answer": "急性肾炎合并循环充血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述关于丙咪嗪(米帕明)的效应哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "拟交感胺作用", "B": "阿托品样作用", "C": "增强外源性去甲肾上腺素作用", "D": "提高惊厥阈值"}, "answer": "提高惊厥阈值", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女婴,30天,过期产,出生体重4.5kg,母亲无糖尿病史。生后人工喂养,常鼻塞,时有呼吸困难,吃奶差,哭声弱、反应差、便秘。查体:体温35℃(R),脉搏90次/分,皮肤轻度黄染。血象:Hb 90g/L,RBC 3.6×1012/L,WBC11×109/L。对该儿最主要的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "保肝、利胆、退黄", "B": "不需用药,继续观察", "C": "保暖给氧,支持呼吸", "D": "服用甲状腺制剂"}, "answer": "服用甲状腺制剂", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有一年轻男患者,在得知自己患了黄疸性肝炎以后,很恐惧,怕女朋友离开他,怕同车间的伙伴疏远他,所以十分恳切地请求医师替他保密。医师看他很值得同情,就决定替他保守这个秘密,但要求他抓紧治疗,不要耽误了病情。1.怎样评价医师的这种做法(  )。", "options": {"A": "全部是对的", "B": "基本是对的", "C": "是错误的", "D": "以上答案均不对"}, "answer": "是错误的", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "受体激动剂的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "与受体有亲和力,有内在活性", "B": "与受体有亲和力,有弱的内在活性", "C": "与受体有亲和力,无内在活性", "D": "与受体有亲和力,有强的内在活性"}, "answer": "与受体有亲和力,有内在活性", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于脊髓灰质炎病毒,哪一项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三个型别", "B": "主要经粪口途径传播", "C": "各型病毒之间无共同抗原", "D": "主要感染脊髓运动神经细胞"}, "answer": "各型病毒之间无共同抗原", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,75岁。进行性吞咽困难3个月余,目前能进半流食。胃镜检查:食管距门齿20cm处发现一长约6cm菜花样肿物,病理报告为鳞状细胞癌。其最佳治疗方法为(  )。", "options": {"A": "食管癌根治术", "B": "姑息食管癌切除术", "C": "胃造瘘术", "D": "放疗"}, "answer": "放疗", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "激活补体能力最强的免疫球蛋白是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgD", "B": "IgG", "C": "IgE", "D": "IgM"}, "answer": "IgM", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "脊柱结核与脊柱肿瘤的鉴别诊断中最有价值的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "穿刺活检", "B": "脊髓造影", "C": "X线片", "D": "B超"}, "answer": "穿刺活检", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "根据乳腺癌在不同部位发生率,扪诊时最需要注意的是乳腺的(  )。", "options": {"A": "内上象限", "B": "内下象限", "C": "外上象限", "D": "中央区"}, "answer": "外上象限", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "单向混合淋巴细胞反应试验的主要反应细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "巨噬细胞", "B": "T淋巴细胞", "C": "NK细胞", "D": "中性粒细胞"}, "answer": "T淋巴细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "原发性三叉神经痛的诊断最重要的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑电图的检查", "B": "临床的症状体征", "C": "药物治疗效果", "D": "手术治疗效果"}, "answer": "临床的症状体征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.高血压伴高钾血症禁用(  )。", "options": {"A": "螺内酯", "B": "氢氯噻嗪", "C": "维拉帕米", "D": "美托洛尔"}, "answer": "螺内酯", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "参与应答的细胞有多种,如T、B、Mφ等,参与免疫调节也有多种细胞因子及黏附分子,但对多种细胞均起抑制作用的分子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ab的反馈作用", "B": "Th2的抑制作用", "C": "第一次注射的Ag对第二次不同种Ag的抑制", "D": "肾上腺皮质激素的抑制作用"}, "answer": "肾上腺皮质激素的抑制作用", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "被西方人称为“西医之父”的古希腊名医是(  )。", "options": {"A": "哈维", "B": "盖伦", "C": "希波克拉底", "D": "伦琴"}, "answer": "希波克拉底", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,19岁,右小腿上段肿胀疼痛8个月,近2个月来肿胀明显,低热,无夜间盗汗现象。体检:右胫骨上端肿胀严重,压痛明显,浅静脉怒张,扪及一8cm×6cm硬性肿块,固定,边界不清。X线片示:右胫骨上段呈虫蚀状溶骨性破坏,骨膜反应明显,可见“日光照射”现象。3.若患者术后5年出现胸痛、喀血,胸片可见右肺有2cm×3cm包块,分叶,边缘不清,考虑为骨肉瘤肺转移,关于骨肉瘤肺转移下列说法正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨肉瘤肺转移是骨肉瘤患者致死的重要原因", "B": "骨肉瘤术后预防性肺部照射可以明显提高患者的生存率", "C": "骨肉瘤肺转移治疗关键在于早期发现", "D": "为防止骨肉瘤肺转移,术后应该每6周摄胸片一次,每3个月行肺部CT检查,持续3年"}, "answer": "骨肉瘤术后预防性肺部照射可以明显提高患者的生存率", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男婴,6个月。出生体重3.0kg,生后人工喂养,皮下脂肪消失,轻度水肿,精神萎靡,反应差,体温低,腹泻与便秘交替进行。患儿属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "轻度营养不良水肿型", "B": "重度营养不良水肿型", "C": "重度营养不良消瘦型", "D": "中度营养不良水肿型"}, "answer": "重度营养不良水肿型", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有机磷中毒所致急性肺水肿,抢救首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛花苷C", "B": "呋塞米", "C": "阿托品", "D": "解磷定"}, "answer": "阿托品", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "硬脑膜外血肿的典型特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CT示皮髓质交界处多个点状出血点", "B": "伤后逆行性遗忘", "C": "鼻出血", "D": "伤后一过性意识清醒或好转"}, "answer": "伤后一过性意识清醒或好转", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪种细胞表面不表达HLA-Ⅱ类抗原?(  )", "options": {"A": "Mφ", "B": "B细胞", "C": "血管内皮细胞", "D": "粒细胞"}, "answer": "粒细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "骨巨细胞瘤X线表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "位于干骺端,可见有分格", "B": "偏心性,位于骨端,溶骨性破坏", "C": "外生性,可见明显破坏", "D": "骨性破坏,可见片状钙化"}, "answer": "偏心性,位于骨端,溶骨性破坏", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "高压灭菌后的物品一般可保留(  )。", "options": {"A": "1周", "B": "2周", "C": "3周", "D": "1个月"}, "answer": "2周", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列叙述中,不属于肿瘤特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "增生细胞分化程度不一", "B": "增生细胞具有多克隆性", "C": "增生细胞基因异常", "D": "增生细胞有异型性"}, "answer": "增生细胞具有多克隆性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,27岁,外地打工,近2个月来整日卧床发呆,不愿工作,诉每日脑子里听到一男一女的激烈辩论,其内容都是与他有关的,感到工友们背后取笑他,给他“穿小鞋”,个别工友企图陷害他。体检及神经系统无异常。3.若在服药过程中出现轻度锥体外系反应,一般给予(  )。", "options": {"A": "减少药量", "B": "苯海索", "C": "安慰剂", "D": "换药"}, "answer": "苯海索", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "中枢神经系统白血病多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性粒细胞白血病", "B": "急性淋巴细胞白血病", "C": "慢性淋巴细胞白血病", "D": "急性单核细胞白血病"}, "answer": "急性淋巴细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.分离狂犬病毒应取(  )。", "options": {"A": "粪便", "B": "血液", "C": "脑组织", "D": "尿"}, "answer": "脑组织", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "7个月女,以发热、咳嗽、喘憋6天为主诉入院。入院后第二天患儿突然面色灰白,极度烦躁不安,呼吸明显增快,60次/分,听心音低钝,节律整,心率180次/分,呈奔马律,双肺闻及广泛的水泡音,肝肋下3cm,下肢有浮肿。血常规:白细胞55×109/L。胸片双肺见小片状影,肺纹理增强,肺气肿。2.产生本病并发症的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心率过快", "B": "肺动脉高压合并中毒性心肌炎", "C": "循环充血和高血压", "D": "末梢循环衰竭"}, "answer": "肺动脉高压合并中毒性心肌炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项为特发性面神经麻痹不应有的症状?(  )", "options": {"A": "额纹消失", "B": "耳后或下颌角后疼痛", "C": "舌前2/3味觉障碍", "D": "外耳道或鼓膜出现疼痛疱疹"}, "answer": "外耳道或鼓膜出现疼痛疱疹", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.肝素、双香豆素(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑保护剂", "B": "抗凝治疗", "C": "血液稀释疗法", "D": "脑代谢活化剂"}, "answer": "抗凝治疗", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.乙型脑炎属(  )。", "options": {"A": "变质性炎症", "B": "浆液性炎症", "C": "纤维素性炎症", "D": "化脓性炎症"}, "answer": "变质性炎症", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "18岁女性,发热39℃,咽部灼痛、红肿,未见假膜,颈部有多个淋巴结肿大,肝大达肋下2cm,脾可触及,无输血史,WBC为16×109/L,淋巴细胞为0.53,其中0.15为异型淋巴细胞,最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙型病毒性肝炎", "B": "传染性单核细胞增多症", "C": "风疹", "D": "输血后单核细胞增多症"}, "answer": "传染性单核细胞增多症", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.间日疟原虫(  )。", "options": {"A": "仅侵犯幼稚红细胞", "B": "侵袭衰老红细胞", "C": "侵袭死亡红细胞", "D": "吞噬死亡的红细胞"}, "answer": "仅侵犯幼稚红细胞", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.一般1岁左右的佝偻病患儿,容易出现的改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乒乓颅", "B": "方颅", "C": "鸡胸", "D": "脊柱畸形"}, "answer": "鸡胸", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿肾功能达成人水平的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "<1岁", "B": "1~1.5岁", "C": "2~2.5岁", "D": "3岁"}, "answer": "1~1.5岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对判断肝硬化患者预后意义不大的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹水", "B": "清蛋白", "C": "血清电解质", "D": "凝血酶原时间"}, "answer": "血清电解质", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.上述哪项为振动觉和位置觉传导通路的第二级神经元?(  )", "options": {"A": "丘脑腹中间核", "B": "脊髓后角细胞", "C": "延髓薄束核与楔束核", "D": "后根神经节"}, "answer": "延髓薄束核与楔束核", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "金葡菌引起的急慢性骨髓炎最佳的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿莫西林", "B": "头孢曲松", "C": "林可霉素", "D": "万古霉素"}, "answer": "林可霉素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "毛果芸香碱对眼睛的作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "缩瞳,调节麻痹,减低眼内压", "B": "扩瞳,调节麻痹,升高眼内压", "C": "缩瞳,调节麻痹,降低眼内压", "D": "缩瞳,调节痉挛,升高眼内压"}, "answer": "缩瞳,调节麻痹,降低眼内压", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项不是胃癌的组织学类型?(  )", "options": {"A": "管状腺癌及未分化癌", "B": "黏液腺癌", "C": "印戒细胞癌", "D": "移行上皮癌"}, "answer": "移行上皮癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "接种乙型肝炎病毒疫苗后,下列哪项是获得免疫力的指标?(  )", "options": {"A": "HBcAg", "B": "HBeAg", "C": "抗HBe", "D": "抗HBs"}, "answer": "抗HBs", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,68岁,排便时诉胸闷,随机跌倒,呼之不应,皮肤发绀,最有助于确诊心脏骤停的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "意识丧失", "B": "皮肤发绀", "C": "心音消失", "D": "桡动脉搏动消失"}, "answer": "心音消失", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "脑震荡临床表现不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "意识障碍不超过30分钟", "B": "意识障碍期肌腱反射消失、皮肤苍白、血压下降", "C": "醒后常有头晕、头痛、恶心呕吐", "D": "腰穿脑脊液中红细胞1000×106/L(1000/mm3)"}, "answer": "腰穿脑脊液中红细胞1000×106/L(1000/mm3)", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "内环境稳态是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "血液的化学成分和物理特性维持相对稳定", "B": "血浆pH值维持相对稳定", "C": "细胞内液的化学成分和物理特性维持相对稳定", "D": "细胞外液的化学成分与物理特性维持相对稳定"}, "answer": "细胞外液的化学成分与物理特性维持相对稳定", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者表现平静,客观面对患病现实,关注自身疾病,遵行医嘱所体现的患者角色行为类型(  )。", "options": {"A": "角色行为冲突", "B": "角色行为异常", "C": "角色行为缺如", "D": "角色行为适应"}, "answer": "角色行为适应", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性肾小球肾炎伴有扁桃体充血者应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "卧床休息2~3周", "B": "青霉素抗感染治疗10天", "C": "硝普钠扩张血管", "D": "切除慢性炎症扁桃体腺"}, "answer": "青霉素抗感染治疗10天", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "切口“乙级愈合”的表现不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "积液", "B": "红肿", "C": "硬结", "D": "化脓"}, "answer": "化脓", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,45岁,诊断为巨大结节性甲状腺肿,在颈丛麻醉下行一侧甲状腺全切、另一侧甲状腺大部切除术,术后第2天突然发生窒息,面肌和手足持续性痉挛。1.此时首要的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "检查引流管通畅与否", "B": "气管切开", "C": "立即静脉注射10%氯化钙溶液20ml", "D": "立即喉镜检查"}, "answer": "立即静脉注射10%氯化钙溶液20ml", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "初产妇,23岁。妊娠40周,临产8小时后出现烦躁不安,呼吸加快,下腹疼痛拒按,胎心听不清,查体见下腹部近肚下方一环状凹陷,导尿为血尿。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性阑尾炎", "B": "先兆子宫破裂", "C": "子宫破裂", "D": "羊水栓塞"}, "answer": "先兆子宫破裂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.蛋白质变性时(  )。", "options": {"A": "二级结构破坏", "B": "三级结构破坏", "C": "四级结构破坏", "D": "空间结构破坏"}, "answer": "空间结构破坏", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "正常人红细胞在不同浓度的低渗盐溶液中形态不同,在0.5%NaCl溶液中红细胞的形态是(  )。", "options": {"A": "缩小", "B": "膨胀", "C": "破裂", "D": "先缩小后破裂"}, "answer": "膨胀", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有关沙眼衣原体血清型正确的说法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "沙眼生物变种的14个血清型均可致病", "B": "A、B、Ba、C四个血清型可引起包涵体结膜炎", "C": "性病淋巴肉芽肿生物变种(LGV)可引起性病淋巴肉芽肿", "D": "沙眼生物变种D-K血清型可引起沙眼"}, "answer": "性病淋巴肉芽肿生物变种(LGV)可引起性病淋巴肉芽肿", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于反射弧的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "包括五个组成部分", "B": "反射中枢均在大脑皮质", "C": "反射弧任何一个环节中断,反射将不能进行", "D": "在整体情况下发生反射活动时,中枢进行整合活动"}, "answer": "反射中枢均在大脑皮质", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.炎症局部充血,血液成分渗出。表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "红", "B": "肿", "C": "痛", "D": "功能障碍"}, "answer": "肿", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "张某在家中突然出现急性上腹疼痛并且便血,亲属急送医院救治。送至医院后,病人面色苍白、四肢发冷、脉快无力,血压下降,出现失血性休克,急需输血。2.输血科(血库)配血合格后,取血人员是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医护人员", "B": "病人家属", "C": "主管领导", "D": "输血科人员"}, "answer": "医护人员", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.缺乏现实刺激时的知觉体验(  )。", "options": {"A": "幻觉", "B": "妄想", "C": "内感性不适", "D": "感知综合障碍"}, "answer": "幻觉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "治疗系统性红斑狼疮的主要药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺糖皮质激素", "B": "非甾体抗炎药", "C": "免疫抑制剂", "D": "雷公藤"}, "answer": "肾上腺糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肉芽组织内发挥抗感染作用的主要成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌纤维母细胞", "B": "炎症细胞", "C": "成纤维细胞", "D": "胶原纤维"}, "answer": "炎症细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男43岁,胃大部切除术中输液时发现其中心静脉压为2.1kPa(16cmH2O),应采取下列哪一措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "将输液速度加快", "B": "将输液速度减慢", "C": "给予强心剂,同时加快输液速度", "D": "给予强心剂,加强心功能"}, "answer": "将输液速度减慢", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是哺乳动物细胞中DNA紫外线损伤最主要的修复酶?(  )", "options": {"A": "DNA聚合酶β", "B": "DNA聚合酶δ", "C": "DNA聚合酶γ", "D": "DNA聚合酶ε"}, "answer": "DNA聚合酶ε", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,47岁。因腹痛4小时于急诊诊断为“重症急性胰腺炎”。入院后给予禁食、补液及抗感染治疗。2天后患者逐渐感觉气短。查体:T 38.3℃,R 31次/分,BP 110/75mmHg。双肺呼吸音清晰,心率96次/分,P2<A2,未闻及杂音及附加音。腹部压痛(+)。经皮氧饱和度监测示SpO2由95%逐渐下降至88%。该患者首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医院获得性肺炎", "B": "急性呼吸窘迫综合征", "C": "阻塞性肺不张", "D": "肺栓塞"}, "answer": "急性呼吸窘迫综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,32岁。反复右下腹痛2年,伴便秘、口腔溃疡,无发热及乏力。否认结核病史及结核密切接触史。查体:右下腹可触及边界不清的包块,可移动,压痛阳性。2.为明确诊断,最重要的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大便隐血", "B": "大便查找抗酸杆菌", "C": "结肠镜检查及活检", "D": "MRI"}, "answer": "结肠镜检查及活检", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,43岁。近1月来发热,乏力,气短。有先天性心脏病史。查体:T 37.2℃,双肺呼吸音清,心率100次/分,律齐,胸骨左缘第3肋间可闻及响亮粗糙的收缩期杂音。实验室检查血WBC 13.4×109/L,中性粒细胞0.89,Hb 104g/L,尿常规沉渣镜检RBC 5/HP,该患者需首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性心包炎", "B": "风湿热", "C": "感染性心内膜炎", "D": "急性心肌炎"}, "answer": "感染性心内膜炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,32岁,胃溃疡史3年,今突然上腹剧痛,面色苍白,大汗。查体:全腹压痛,腹肌紧张,似穿孔。2.急性穿孔诊断后几小时内手术治疗效果最好?(  )", "options": {"A": "12小时", "B": "24小时", "C": "8小时", "D": "10小时"}, "answer": "8小时", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.医生诊断为有病但本人否认属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人角色强化", "B": "病人角色异常", "C": "病人角色减退", "D": "病人角色缺如"}, "answer": "病人角色缺如", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,26岁。高热1周,伴右侧胸痛就诊。于深呼吸时加剧,但近2天胸痛已有所缓解,X线和超声检查证实右侧胸腔积液。胸水常规为渗出液,单核细胞占优势。2.除抗结核化学治疗外,还应采取下列哪项措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "胸腔内注射激素", "B": "胸腔内注射抗结核药物", "C": "抽胸水(早期每周2次抽水)", "D": "加强营养,注意休息"}, "answer": "抽胸水(早期每周2次抽水)", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述细胞中吞噬能力最强的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "单核/巨噬细胞", "B": "嗜酸粒细胞", "C": "中性粒细胞", "D": "嗜碱粒细胞"}, "answer": "单核/巨噬细胞", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "甲青年身高1.5m,体重50kg体表面积1.4m2,安静时心排血量为4.2L;乙青年身高1.6m,体重68kg,体表面积1.7m2,安静时心排血量5.1L,两者的心指数(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙优于甲", "B": "甲优于乙", "C": "相同", "D": "均低于正常"}, "answer": "相同", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "母婴保健工作人员出具虚假医学证明,即使未造成严重后果,仍应承担一定的法律责任。该法律责任是(  )。", "options": {"A": "暂停执业", "B": "行政处分", "C": "通报批评", "D": "注销执业注册"}, "answer": "行政处分", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某镇卫生院2名医务人员违反《献血法》规定,将不符合国家规定标准的血液用于患者,由于患者家属及时发现,经治医师采取果断措施,幸好未给受血者健康造成损害。根据《献血法》规定,对2名医务人员给予的行政处理应该是(  )。", "options": {"A": "责令改正", "B": "吊销其医师职业证书", "C": "暂停职业活动6个月以上1年以下", "D": "警告"}, "answer": "责令改正", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,18岁,近两周时常听到声音说:“你完了,小心点”,为此紧张,恐惧,不愿出门,认为街上有人跟踪、监视并对她不利。这种症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "被害妄想", "B": "幻听", "C": "被控制妄想", "D": "幻觉妄想状态"}, "answer": "幻觉妄想状态", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "缺铁性贫血,铁剂治疗5~10天首先出现的治疗反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞总数增高", "B": "骨髓外铁增加", "C": "网织红细胞数升高", "D": "红细胞平均直径恢复正常"}, "answer": "网织红细胞数升高", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "溶菌酶杀灭细菌的作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "裂解肽聚糖骨架的β-1,4糖苷键", "B": "竞争肽聚糖合成中所需的转肽酶", "C": "与核蛋白体的小亚基结合", "D": "破坏细胞膜"}, "answer": "裂解肽聚糖骨架的β-1,4糖苷键", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.肾病综合征高胆固醇血症是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿蛋白定量大于50mg/(kg·d)", "B": "尿蛋白定量大于40mg/(kg·d)", "C": "血清白蛋白浓度小于或等于25g/L", "D": "胆固醇大于5.7mmol/L"}, "answer": "胆固醇大于5.7mmol/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "多克隆免疫球蛋白增高的常见原因不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "肉芽肿病", "B": "慢性感染", "C": "多发性骨髓瘤", "D": "淋巴组织增殖性疾病"}, "answer": "多发性骨髓瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,20岁,4小时前左食指中远指常被刀切削完全离断,断面有木屑污染。2.以下组织修复中,哪一项是不必要的?(  )", "options": {"A": "吻合指动脉、指背静脉", "B": "缝合指浅屈肌腱", "C": "缝合指深屈肌腱", "D": "缝合伸指肌腱中央束"}, "answer": "缝合指浅屈肌腱", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗糖尿病伴发的精神障碍时,要慎用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯丙嗪", "B": "氟哌啶醇", "C": "地西泮", "D": "阿普唑仑"}, "answer": "氯丙嗪", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.最易引起血流动力学异常的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "窦性心动过速", "B": "心房颤动", "C": "阵发性室上性心动过速", "D": "持续性室性心动过速"}, "answer": "持续性室性心动过速", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,66岁。胸闷、胸痛进行性加重2个月。胸部正侧位X线片:右前方纵隔6cm×5cm大小团块影,右侧少量胸腔积液。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管囊肿", "B": "淋巴源性肿瘤", "C": "神经源性肿瘤", "D": "胸腺瘤"}, "answer": "胸腺瘤", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列不属于宫颈癌相关危险因素的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多个性伴侣", "B": "吸烟", "C": "未生育", "D": "不洁性行为"}, "answer": "未生育", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,28岁。发现血压升高3年,下肢无力1年,无高血压家族史。查体:BP 160/100mmHg,无向心性肥胖,无满月脸和水牛背,未见紫纹,双下肢无水肿。实验室检查:尿比重1.005,尿pH 7.0,余正常。血钠149mmol/L,血钾3.1mmol/L,肝肾功能正常。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "库欣综合征", "B": "嗜铬细胞瘤", "C": "原发性醛固酮增多症", "D": "慢性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "原发性醛固酮增多症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.作为凝血因子的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清", "B": "纤维蛋白原", "C": "补体", "D": "抗体"}, "answer": "纤维蛋白原", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "心理过程包括的三个过程为(  )。", "options": {"A": "认识、情绪和意志", "B": "气质、性格和能力", "C": "需要、动机和兴趣", "D": "记忆、思维和想象"}, "answer": "认识、情绪和意志", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "40岁男性,一年前因胫腓骨下1/3骨折,行手法复位,石膏外固定。现检查见骨折处有反常活动,X线显示胫骨骨折上下端髓腔被硬化骨封闭,骨折端有3mm间隙,并向后成角15°,其治疗应采用(  )。", "options": {"A": "手法复位,小夹板固定", "B": "手法复位,石膏外固定", "C": "切开复位,内固定外固定", "D": "切开复位,植骨内固定加外固定"}, "answer": "切开复位,植骨内固定加外固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "哪项最适用口服补液盐(ORS)溶液?(  )", "options": {"A": "低渗性脱水", "B": "补充生理需要量", "C": "高渗性脱水", "D": "等渗性脱水"}, "answer": "低渗性脱水", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "清蛋白所产生的胶体渗透压大约占血浆胶体总渗透压的(  )。", "options": {"A": "20%~30%", "B": "35%~45%", "C": "65%~70%", "D": "75%~80%"}, "answer": "75%~80%", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "7个月女,以发热、咳嗽、喘憋6天为主诉入院。入院后第二天患儿突然面色灰白,极度烦躁不安,呼吸明显增快,60次/分,听心音低钝,节律整,心率180次/分,呈奔马律,双肺闻及广泛的水泡音,肝肋下3cm,下肢有浮肿。血常规:白细胞55×109/L。胸片双肺见小片状影,肺纹理增强,肺气肿。3.该并发症的急救措施首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "能量合剂,丹参等营养心肌", "B": "2:l等张含钠液扩容", "C": "静脉给予毒毛K制剂", "D": "护肝、保肝"}, "answer": "静脉给予毒毛K制剂", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,35岁。肛门周围肿胀伴发热3天。排便时疼痛加重。查体:T 38.5℃,P 80次/分,R 18次/分,BP 120/80mmHg,双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心律齐,腹软,无压痛。肛门周围皮肤发红、压痛明显。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肛门周围脓肿", "B": "直肠下黏膜脓肿", "C": "肛括约肌间隙脓肿", "D": "直肠后间隙脓肿"}, "answer": "肛门周围脓肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者女性,31岁。发现颈部无症状的肿块3周。体检:健康女性,体温36.6℃,血压135/70mmHg,脉搏82次/分,呼吸20次/分。未发现突眼征,甲状腺左叶下极可触及3cm×4cm大肿块,表面光滑,质地柔软,随吞咽上下移动。2.检查结果符合结节性甲状腺肿,其病因可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "碘缺乏", "B": "肿块本身的自主性分泌紊乱", "C": "病毒感染", "D": "病因不明"}, "answer": "碘缺乏", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "人体试验道德,要求把下列哪项放在首位?(  )", "options": {"A": "科学利益", "B": "经济利益", "C": "被试者利益", "D": "政治利益"}, "answer": "被试者利益", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,35岁,黄疸、贫血伴关节酸痛3个月。查体:巩膜黄染,脾肋下2cm。血红蛋白589/L,白细胞5×109/L,血小板110×109/L,网织红细胞计数0.25,外周血涂片成熟红细胞形态正常,尿隐血试验阴性。无家族史。4.经治疗缓解一年后,又出现上述症状,同时采取哪一项措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "脾切除", "B": "应用大剂量丙种球蛋白", "C": "应用6-TG", "D": "应用ATG"}, "answer": "脾切除", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列激素中,(  )不是由腺垂体合成和分泌的。", "options": {"A": "生长素", "B": "催乳素", "C": "催产素", "D": "卵泡刺激素"}, "answer": "催产素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.直接影响活动效率,使活动顺利完成的个性心理特征,指的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人格", "B": "能力", "C": "性格", "D": "动机"}, "answer": "能力", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "用细棉丝轻触患者左眼角膜,双眼均不眨眼;轻触右眼角膜,两眼均眨眼。其原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左三叉神经损害", "B": "右三叉神经损害", "C": "左面神经麻痹", "D": "右面神经麻痹"}, "answer": "左三叉神经损害", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,2岁,胸骨左缘3~4肋间3/6级收缩期杂音,肺动脉瓣第2心音亢进,胸片示左右心室扩大。应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "室间隔缺损", "B": "动脉导管未闭", "C": "肺动脉狭窄", "D": "法洛四联症"}, "answer": "室间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "卡特尔人格因素问卷将人格因素分为(  )。", "options": {"A": "14个", "B": "16个", "C": "12个", "D": "8个"}, "answer": "16个", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,56岁。右下肢静脉迂曲扩张20年,伴下肢酸胀,水肿,活动或抬高患肢减轻,近2年有足靴区皮肤发红,时有瘙痒,逐渐加重,查体:右下肢大腿内侧、小腿后可见迂曲扩张的静脉团,足靴区色素沉着,皮肤变厚。2.为进一步明确病因应进行哪项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "下肢皮温测定", "B": "下肢静脉压测定", "C": "静脉造影", "D": "深静脉瓣功能试验"}, "answer": "深静脉瓣功能试验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "9个月女孩,母乳喂养,面色蜡黄,肝肋下2cm,脾肋下1cm,红细胞2.8×l012/L,血红蛋白80g/L,红细胞大小不等,大的红细胞内中央浅染区扩大,骨髓片呈巨幼细胞增生。1.最可能诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "溶血性贫血", "B": "营养性巨幼细胞贫血", "C": "营养性混合性贫血", "D": "白血病"}, "answer": "营养性混合性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,5岁,水肿、少尿10余日,既往健康。查体:神志清,血压100/70mmHg,颜面及四肢凹陷性水肿。尿检:蛋白质(+++),红细胞8~10个/HP。血浆清蛋白25g/L,胆固醇9mmol/L。治疗应选(  )。", "options": {"A": "泼尼松口服8~12周", "B": "静脉注射呋塞米+青霉素", "C": "泼尼松+环磷酰胺口服8~12周", "D": "静脉注射呋塞米+苯丁酸氮芥口服8周"}, "answer": "泼尼松口服8~12周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "休克代偿期表现不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "血压下降", "B": "兴奋", "C": "过度通气", "D": "舒张压升高"}, "answer": "血压下降", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.上述哪项是调节远曲小管、集合管对Na+重吸收的主要因素?(  )", "options": {"A": "抗利尿激素", "B": "醛固酮", "C": "肾上腺素", "D": "肾素"}, "answer": "醛固酮", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "股骨头的主要血液供应来源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "旋股内、外侧动脉的分支", "B": "股圆韧带内的小凹动脉", "C": "股骨干的滋养动脉升支", "D": "闭孔动脉"}, "answer": "旋股内、外侧动脉的分支", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.血站对献血者每次采集血液量最多不得超过(  )。", "options": {"A": "250ml", "B": "300ml", "C": "400ml", "D": "500ml"}, "answer": "400ml", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.低血钾病人共同的治疗方案选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯化钾", "B": "氯化钠", "C": "螺内酯", "D": "新斯的明"}, "answer": "氯化钾", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性骨髓炎,在骨膜下或骨髓内抽得脓液后,最关键的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "进行脓液细菌培养及药敏试验,据结果调整用药", "B": "多次抽脓并注入抗生素", "C": "局部引流", "D": "局部固定防止病理性骨折"}, "answer": "局部引流", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿体重前半年每月平均增长(  )。", "options": {"A": "300~400g", "B": "200~300g", "C": "500~600g", "D": "600~800g"}, "answer": "600~800g", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "新生儿出生时平均头围是(  )。", "options": {"A": "30~32cm", "B": "32~34cm", "C": "34~36cm", "D": "38~40cm"}, "answer": "32~34cm", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "影响外周阻力的主要因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血液黏滞性", "B": "红细胞数", "C": "小动脉口径", "D": "大动脉弹性"}, "answer": "小动脉口径", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对肺泡气分压变化起缓冲作用的肺容量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "补吸气量", "B": "补呼气量", "C": "深吸气量", "D": "功能余气量"}, "answer": "功能余气量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "母乳喂养是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "4个月内的婴儿吃母乳不添加其他辅食", "B": "4个月内的婴儿吃部分母乳部分奶粉", "C": "4个月内的婴儿吃奶粉", "D": "4个月内的婴儿吃新鲜牛奶"}, "answer": "4个月内的婴儿吃母乳不添加其他辅食", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "哪种心脏瓣膜病最易引起晕厥?(  )", "options": {"A": "二尖瓣狭窄", "B": "主动脉瓣狭窄", "C": "二尖瓣关闭不全", "D": "肺动脉瓣狭窄"}, "answer": "主动脉瓣狭窄", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.20%甘露醇、维生素C(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑保护剂", "B": "抗凝治疗", "C": "血液稀释疗法", "D": "脑代谢活化剂"}, "answer": "脑保护剂", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在骨盆骨折中,下列哪种提法是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "骨盆骨折的合并症常较骨折本身更为严重", "B": "骨盆骨折产生的巨大血肿可沿腹膜后蔓延到肾区、膈下或肠系膜", "C": "骨盆骨折合并膀胱损伤的可能性大于尿道损伤", "D": "如合并髂内血管损伤,病人常迅速出现休克或死亡"}, "answer": "骨盆骨折合并膀胱损伤的可能性大于尿道损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "根据我国情况成人头颈部占体表面积的(  )。", "options": {"A": "9%", "B": "10%", "C": "15%", "D": "3%"}, "answer": "9%", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "初产妇,28岁。妊娠37周,剧烈头痛并呕吐3次。查体:BP 170/110mmHg,尿蛋白(++),双下肢轻度水肿。无宫缩,枕右前位,胎心率为138次/分,估计胎儿体重2800g。该患者应立即采取的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉滴注缩宫素", "B": "静滴硫酸镁及快速静滴甘露醇", "C": "立即行剖宫产术", "D": "肌注哌替啶"}, "answer": "静滴硫酸镁及快速静滴甘露醇", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,2岁。因突发阵发性腹痛,哭闹,伴呕吐和果酱样血便6小时来诊。查体:腹肌软,脐右下方扪及肿块,有压痛,右下腹触诊有空虚感。首选检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部B超", "B": "空气或钡剂灌肠", "C": "腹部CT", "D": "腹腔穿刺"}, "answer": "空气或钡剂灌肠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,42岁。乏力怕冷便秘伴声音嘶哑1年,体重增加8kg,经检查诊断为甲状腺功能减退症,拟左甲状腺素替代治疗,最适宜的起始剂量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "125μg", "B": "100μg", "C": "50μg", "D": "25μg"}, "answer": "25μg", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.结肠癌病灶侵犯肌层,但未穿透浆膜层的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Duke A1期", "B": "Duke A2期", "C": "Duke C期", "D": "Duke D期"}, "answer": "Duke A2期", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,32岁。停经56天,行人工流产负压吸宫术时突然出现面色苍白,大汗淋漓,查体:BP 70/50mmHg,P 60次/分。2.此时应暂停手术并给予(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿托品", "B": "异丙嗪", "C": "氯丙嗪", "D": "哌替啶"}, "answer": "阿托品", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列疾病中,叩诊检查可发现Kronig峡增宽的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎", "B": "肺气肿", "C": "肺结核", "D": "胸腔积液"}, "answer": "肺气肿", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.胎盘合成雌三醇的前体物质主要来自(  )。", "options": {"A": "合体滋养细胞", "B": "羊膜、叶状绒毛膜", "C": "胎儿肾上腺及胎儿肝脏", "D": "胎膜"}, "answer": "胎儿肾上腺及胎儿肝脏", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "二尖瓣关闭不全的典型体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心尖部粗糙的收缩期杂音", "B": "心尖部S1亢进", "C": "A2增强", "D": "心界呈梨形"}, "answer": "心尖部粗糙的收缩期杂音", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "具有高等学校医学专科学历,参加执业助理医师资格考试者,应在医疗、预防、保健机构中试用期满(  )。", "options": {"A": "1年", "B": "18个月", "C": "2年", "D": "3年"}, "answer": "1年", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.小叶性肺炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤维蛋白性炎", "B": "间质性炎", "C": "肺弥漫纤维化", "D": "化脓性炎"}, "answer": "化脓性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.易合并神经损伤的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肩关节后脱位", "B": "肩关节前脱位", "C": "桡骨头半脱位", "D": "髋关节后脱位"}, "answer": "髋关节后脱位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医疗事故构成要件中所说的危害结果不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "组织器官损伤导致功能障碍", "B": "残疾", "C": "严重毁容", "D": "仅加重了患者医疗费用负担"}, "answer": "仅加重了患者医疗费用负担", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.决定起效快慢的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生物利用度", "B": "血浆蛋白结合率", "C": "消除速率常数", "D": "吸收速度"}, "answer": "吸收速度", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在心肌状态和大动脉压力保持恒定的情况下,在一定范围内增加静脉回流量可以增加心室肌的(  )。", "options": {"A": "前负荷", "B": "搏功", "C": "后负荷", "D": "前负荷和后负荷"}, "answer": "前负荷", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "治疗急性肾小球肾炎正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫抑制剂治疗", "B": "无特效治疗", "C": "激素治疗", "D": "长期低盐饮食治疗"}, "answer": "无特效治疗", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.可引起潜伏感染的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙型脑炎病毒", "B": "水痘—带状疱疹病毒", "C": "脊髓灰质炎病毒", "D": "麻疹病毒"}, "answer": "水痘—带状疱疹病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "血液中激素浓度很低,而生理效应明显是因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "特异性强", "B": "半衰期长", "C": "靶细胞敏感", "D": "有高效能生物放大系统"}, "answer": "有高效能生物放大系统", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一临产孕妇,突感头痛、恶心,相继发生抽搐,测血压为22.0/14.6kPa,下肢浮肿。对此病人最适用哪一种抗惊药?(  )", "options": {"A": "水合氯醛", "B": "地西泮", "C": "苯巴比妥钠", "D": "硫酸镁"}, "answer": "硫酸镁", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,67岁,慢性咳喘20年,间断性下肢水肿3年。查体:BP 120/80mmHg,颈静脉怒张,左下肺可闻及干湿啰音,心界向左扩大,P2>A2,三尖瓣区可闻及3/6级杂音。肝肋下3cm。2.与上述诊断符合的心脏改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心包积液", "B": "冠状动脉狭窄", "C": "右心室扩大", "D": "心脏瓣膜粘连"}, "answer": "右心室扩大", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项属于器官非特异性自身免疫性疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "1型糖尿病", "B": "类风湿性关节炎", "C": "甲亢(Graves病)", "D": "桥本病(慢性甲状腺炎)"}, "answer": "类风湿性关节炎", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,2岁,4天前发热、流涕、咳嗽、结膜充血、畏光,今晨发现耳后及颈部有淡红色斑丘疹,体温39℃,两颊黏膜充血,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "风疹", "B": "猩红热", "C": "肠道病毒感染", "D": "麻疹"}, "answer": "麻疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在印度丛林有两个狼抚养的孩子,他们与狼共同生活了7年,被父母发现之后带回家。10年后,他们还是不会人类的语言,只能一些简单的表达,但是他们还是能够听懂狼的语言。这事件说明(  )。", "options": {"A": "儿童时期对人的发展很重要", "B": "人的语言与智力发展存在关键期", "C": "人格发展存在关键期", "D": "人接受一种语言后很难改变"}, "answer": "人的语言与智力发展存在关键期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初期复苏的任务和步骤可归纳为(  )。", "options": {"A": "充分供氧—进行人工呼吸—建立人工循环", "B": "保持呼吸道通畅—进行人工呼吸—建立人工循环", "C": "保持呼吸道通畅—进行人工循环—进行人工呼吸", "D": "头部降温—脱水—皮质激素治疗"}, "answer": "保持呼吸道通畅—进行人工呼吸—建立人工循环", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性乳腺炎的病因不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "婴儿吸乳少", "B": "乳汁过多", "C": "乳管不通", "D": "乳房淋巴管阻塞"}, "answer": "乳房淋巴管阻塞", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "结核结节属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "炎性假瘤", "B": "感染性肉芽肿", "C": "炎性息肉", "D": "脓肿"}, "answer": "感染性肉芽肿", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "内生性软骨瘤的治疗方案应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "刮除植入松质骨", "B": "必要时可行人工关节置换术", "C": "截肢术", "D": "放疗、化疗、手术结合"}, "answer": "刮除植入松质骨", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,68岁。上腹部不适1个月,伴皮肤黄染,食欲不振、厌油腻饮食。体重减轻5kg。查体:巩膜明显黄染,肝肋下未触及,右肋缘下可触及肿大的胆囊底部,无触痛。实验室检查:血胆红素340μmol/L。首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝癌", "B": "胆总管结石", "C": "胃癌", "D": "胆管癌"}, "answer": "胆管癌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "引起新生儿急性死亡和慢性神经系统损伤,常因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病", "B": "新生儿黄疸", "C": "新生儿吸入性肺炎", "D": "新生儿肺透明膜病"}, "answer": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "病人看到房屋倾斜,汽车变得扭曲,电线杆像筷子一样细,此种现象是(  )。", "options": {"A": "感知综合障碍", "B": "错觉", "C": "幻视", "D": "人格解体"}, "answer": "感知综合障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,32岁,车祸伤致颈项部剧烈疼痛,四肢不能活动,尿闭,大便失禁8小时,体检:双上肢屈肘位畸形,肱三头肌以下肌力0级,前臂以下四肢及躯干深浅感觉消失,肱二头肌腱反射存在,肱三头肌腱以下深浅反射消失,病理征引不出。颈椎正侧位平片见C5前脱位2.根据以上临床资料,颈脊髓损伤的程度为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓休克、", "B": "脊髓完全损伤", "C": "脊髓横断", "D": "不能判断损伤程度"}, "answer": "不能判断损伤程度", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列各项中不属于急性血吸虫病临床表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蚤咬样红色皮损", "B": "过敏反应", "C": "腹痛、腹泻", "D": "腹水"}, "answer": "腹水", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪种情况不首选胰岛素?(  )", "options": {"A": "Ⅱ型糖尿病患者经饮食治疗无效", "B": "Ⅰ型糖尿病", "C": "糖尿病并发严重感染", "D": "妊娠糖尿病"}, "answer": "Ⅱ型糖尿病患者经饮食治疗无效", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.周期性瘫痪表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "四肢无力,血钾减低", "B": "四肢无力,脑脊液蛋白细胞分离", "C": "四肢无力,休息后减轻,活动后加重", "D": "四肢无力,肩胛带骨盆带萎缩"}, "answer": "四肢无力,血钾减低", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于呋塞米的不良反应,下列哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "低血钾", "B": "高血钙", "C": "碱中毒", "D": "耳毒性"}, "answer": "高血钙", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,33岁,阴道接触性出血。初步诊断为“宫颈癌”。宫颈刮片多次检查为阳性,而宫颈活检为阴性。为确诊需做进一步检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "不做任何处理,一月后再次活检", "B": "碘试验", "C": "宫颈锥切术", "D": "CT"}, "answer": "宫颈锥切术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "普萘洛尔的作用不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "收缩血管", "B": "松弛支气管平滑肌", "C": "降低心肌耗氧量", "D": "减少肾素释放"}, "answer": "松弛支气管平滑肌", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.上述哪项是减少左旋多巴不良反应并增加其疗效的药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "苯妥英钠", "B": "乙琥胺", "C": "卡比多巴", "D": "维生素B6"}, "answer": "卡比多巴", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "转移性腹痛最常见的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性胆囊炎", "B": "急性胃炎", "C": "急性胰腺炎", "D": "急性阑尾炎"}, "answer": "急性阑尾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.流行性脑脊髓膜炎属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "变质性炎", "B": "出血性炎", "C": "纤维素性炎", "D": "化脓性炎"}, "answer": "化脓性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "儿童血容量约占体重的(  )。", "options": {"A": "5%", "B": "6%~8%", "C": "8%~10%", "D": "20%"}, "answer": "8%~10%", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.卵巢恶性生殖细胞癌最常用的联合治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "博来霉素+依托泊苷+顺铂", "B": "FP-EMA", "C": "EMA-CO", "D": "顺铂+长春新碱+异环磷酰胺"}, "answer": "博来霉素+依托泊苷+顺铂", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "流行病学研究的观察法与实验法的根本区别在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "是否有人为干预", "B": "统计学检验", "C": "设立对照组", "D": "不设立对照组"}, "answer": "是否有人为干预", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某患者因肺部感染入院,经多种抗菌药物治疗效果不明显。主治医师刘某值夜班时发现患者病情危重,需要使用特殊使用级抗菌药物治疗。依照《抗菌药物临床使用管理办法》规定,刘某越级使用了抗菌药物,同时详细记录用药指征,并在规定时限内补办了越级使用抗菌药物的必要手续。该时限是(  )。", "options": {"A": "12小时", "B": "3小时", "C": "24小时", "D": "2小时"}, "answer": "24小时", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医学心理学的研究范围包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "心身关系", "B": "心理障碍", "C": "医患关系", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "45岁女患者,车祸头部受伤,伤后即昏迷,1小时后入院时,中度昏迷,右侧瞳孔散大,对光反射消失,左上下肢病理征(+)。2.采取的检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线颅片", "B": "脑电图", "C": "CT", "D": "ECT"}, "answer": "CT", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "结核性脑膜炎典型的脑脊液改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "外观呈毛玻璃样", "B": "压力增高", "C": "糖及氯化物含量同时减少", "D": "蛋白含量增加"}, "answer": "糖及氯化物含量同时减少", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为黑质纹状体系统内使左旋多巴转化为多巴胺的酶?(  )", "options": {"A": "多巴胺脱羧酶", "B": "酪氨酸羟化酶", "C": "儿茶酚胺邻甲基转移酶", "D": "胆碱酯酶"}, "answer": "多巴胺脱羧酶", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,48岁。反复咳嗽、胸闷、气喘30年。平素口服氨茶碱及“止咳祛痰”中药治疗,症状控制不理想。近1周来症状再次出现。查体:P 86次/分,R 24次/分,双肺可闻及散在哮鸣音。诊断为“支气管哮喘”。动脉血气分析示:pH 7.46,PaCO2 32mmHg,PaO2 64mmHg,HCO3-19.3mmol/L。4.患者2小时前突发呼吸困难加重。查体:意识清楚,端坐呼吸,双肺呼吸音低,呼气相延长,可闻及低调哮鸣音,心率120次/分,律齐,未闻及杂音。动脉血气(鼻导管吸氧5L/min)示pH 7.31,PaCO252mmHg,PaO253mmHg,HCO3-23mmol/L。目前首先应采取的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "面罩吸氧(10L/min)", "B": "静脉滴注氨茶碱", "C": "机械通气", "D": "静脉滴注呼吸兴奋剂"}, "answer": "机械通气", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于心理评估的说法正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "又叫心理测验", "B": "是对个体的心理品质水平做出全面的鉴定", "C": "是一种测量工具,但使用不当也会造成严重后果", "D": "种类繁多应用广泛"}, "answer": "是对个体的心理品质水平做出全面的鉴定", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "溃疡病急性大出血休克的输液原则(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量全血", "B": "大量葡萄糖液+平衡盐液", "C": "葡萄糖液+大量全血", "D": "晶体溶液+全血"}, "answer": "晶体溶液+全血", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.外源性凝血系统激活始发因子(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅻ因子", "B": "X因子", "C": "Ⅲ因子", "D": "Ⅳ因子"}, "answer": "Ⅲ因子", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩,3岁,偏食,不吃鱼肉类制品,近1个月来,家长发现其脸色渐苍白,自诉全身无力。查体:心尖部可闻及4级收缩期杂音,肝于右肋下可触及3.0cm,脾于肋下可触及边缘。Hb 50g/L,RBC 2.95×1012/L,MCV 74fl,MCH 26pg,MCHC 30%,考虑为缺铁性贫血。2.铁剂治疗后,如果有效,首先出现什么变化(  )。", "options": {"A": "血红蛋白上升", "B": "血清铁蛋白上升", "C": "网织红细胞上升", "D": "总铁结合力升高"}, "answer": "网织红细胞上升", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于胆汁的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆汁只在消化期产生排入小肠", "B": "胆囊胆汁较肝胆汁偏碱性", "C": "胆汁中与消化有关的成分是胆盐", "D": "胆汁含有消化酶"}, "answer": "胆汁中与消化有关的成分是胆盐", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,28岁。停经40天,阴道少量出血伴右下腹隐痛2天。行吸宫术,病理报告为“蜕膜组织”。首先考虑的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "月经", "B": "月经不调", "C": "闭经", "D": "异位妊娠"}, "answer": "异位妊娠", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.腹股沟斜疝(  )。", "options": {"A": "疝环位于腹壁下动脉的内侧", "B": "疝环位于腹壁下动脉的外侧", "C": "疝内容物为多个肠袢", "D": "疝囊位于股管内"}, "answer": "疝环位于腹壁下动脉的外侧", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿重症手足口病的病原体多为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠道病毒71型", "B": "柯萨奇病毒", "C": "流感病毒", "D": "人疱疹病毒6型"}, "answer": "肠道病毒71型", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "亚急性细菌性心内膜炎好发于原先受损伤的瓣膜,最常见于下述哪种情况?(  )", "options": {"A": "风湿性二尖瓣或主动脉瓣受损的瓣膜", "B": "动脉粥样硬化受累的主动脉瓣膜", "C": "先心病受损的瓣膜", "D": "无损伤的瓣膜"}, "answer": "风湿性二尖瓣或主动脉瓣受损的瓣膜", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "痛风患者合并的泌尿系结石最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "草酸钙结石", "B": "磷酸盐结石", "C": "尿酸结石", "D": "黄嘌呤结石"}, "answer": "尿酸结石", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不符合脑栓塞临床表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多有风湿性心脏病", "B": "起病多急骤", "C": "年龄多较轻", "D": "多有脑膜刺激征"}, "answer": "多有脑膜刺激征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "正反馈调节的意义在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "使功能活动按照固有程序迅速完成到特定水平", "B": "抑制控制部分的功能状态", "C": "维持功能活动的状态", "D": "增强受控部分的敏感性"}, "answer": "使功能活动按照固有程序迅速完成到特定水平", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "良性肿瘤的异型性主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "瘤细胞的多形性", "B": "肿瘤组织结构紊乱", "C": "瘤细胞核的多形性", "D": "核浆比例不明显"}, "answer": "肿瘤组织结构紊乱", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,46岁,左乳外上象限无痛性肿物,直径3cm,与皮肤轻度粘连,左腋下触及2个可活动的淋巴结,诊断为乳腺癌。按TNM分期应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "T1N1M0", "B": "T2N0M0", "C": "T2N1M0", "D": "T2N2M0"}, "answer": "T2N1M0", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "敌百虫中毒者洗胃禁用(  )。", "options": {"A": "1:5000高锰酸钾", "B": "2%碳酸氢钠", "C": "0.3%氧化镁", "D": "5%碳酸钠"}, "answer": "2%碳酸氢钠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于肠道吸收氨的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠道酸性环境促进氨的吸收", "B": "肠道尿素在脲酶作用下产生的氨", "C": "碱性灌肠液可减少氨的吸收", "D": "NH4+比NH3易于吸收"}, "answer": "肠道尿素在脲酶作用下产生的氨", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "经产妇,31岁。现妊娠35周。查体:BP120/80mmHg,宫底35cm,胎心136次/分,空腹血糖6.2mmol/L,尿糖(+)。2年前因妊娠8个月死胎行引产术。3.对该产妇分娩的新生儿,不必要的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "检测血糖值", "B": "按早产儿处理", "C": "检测血钙值", "D": "定时滴服葡萄糖液"}, "answer": "按早产儿处理", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "17岁男性患者,诊断为右股骨下端内侧长带状骨软骨瘤,3天前跌倒后,出现局部疼痛,伴膝关节活动轻微受限。最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨软骨瘤恶变", "B": "骨软骨瘤基底部折断", "C": "局部软组织挫伤", "D": "骨软骨瘤外层软骨帽损伤"}, "answer": "骨软骨瘤基底部折断", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.IgG(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫屏障(内部)", "B": "病毒抑制物", "C": "细胞作用", "D": "中和抗体"}, "answer": "中和抗体", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列肺结核类型中,传染性最强的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性纤维空洞型肺结核", "B": "干酪性肺炎", "C": "原发性肺结核", "D": "慢性血行播散型肺结核"}, "answer": "慢性纤维空洞型肺结核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,80岁,右腹股沟斜疝嵌顿5小时来诊。既往有可复性腹股沟肿物史30年。检查:右侧腹股沟至阴囊10cm×6cm嵌顿疝,皮肤无红肿。首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "试行手法复位", "B": "手术复位并行疝囊高位结扎", "C": "手术复位并行腹股沟管疝修补术", "D": "手术复位并行加强腹股沟管疝修补术"}, "answer": "试行手法复位", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "引起颅内压增高的原因,不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅脑损伤", "B": "颅内感染", "C": "脑血管疾病", "D": "脑萎缩"}, "answer": "脑萎缩", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某药的t1/2为4小时,每隔1个t1/2给药一次,达到稳态血药浓度的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "约20小时", "B": "约30小时", "C": "约40小时", "D": "约50小时"}, "answer": "约20小时", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "WHO推荐使用的口服补液盐的张力为(  )。", "options": {"A": "1/5张", "B": "3/5张", "C": "1/3张", "D": "2/3张"}, "answer": "2/3张", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.丹毒的致病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大肠杆菌", "B": "拟杆菌", "C": "β-溶血性链球菌", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "β-溶血性链球菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "构成传染病流行过程的三个基本条件是(  )。", "options": {"A": "微生物,宿主,媒介", "B": "传染源,传播途径,易感人群", "C": "病原体数量,致病力,定位", "D": "病原体,人体,他们所处的环境"}, "answer": "传染源,传播途径,易感人群", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对癌症疼痛的病人应用镇痛药的原则哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "对轻度疼痛选用解热镇痛药", "B": "根据疼痛程度选择不同的药物", "C": "只有在疼痛时才给药", "D": "对重度疼痛应当用强阿片类镇痛药"}, "answer": "只有在疼痛时才给药", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "蛋白质的消化酶主要来源于(  )。", "options": {"A": "小肠", "B": "胃", "C": "胰腺", "D": "肝脏"}, "answer": "胰腺", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "断肢再植吻合血管时,其所吻合的动、静脉比例应以(  )。", "options": {"A": "1:2为宜", "B": "2:1为宜", "C": "1:4为宜", "D": "1:1为宜"}, "answer": "1:2为宜", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "谵妄属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "思维障碍", "B": "行为障碍", "C": "记忆障碍", "D": "意识障碍"}, "answer": "意识障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.纯母乳培养的足月产l月龄健康婴儿,母乳中的营养素含量就是婴儿各种营养素的(  )。", "options": {"A": "适宜摄入量(AI)", "B": "平均需要量(EAR)", "C": "推荐摄入量(RNI)", "D": "可耐受最高摄入量(UL)"}, "answer": "适宜摄入量(AI)", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,36岁。1年来反复出现脓血便,抗生素系统治疗无效。结肠镜检查发现病变位于直肠和乙状结肠,粘膜弥漫性充血水肿,颗粒不平、质脆,血管纹理消失,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结肠癌", "B": "溃疡性结肠炎", "C": "细菌性痢疾", "D": "肠结核"}, "answer": "溃疡性结肠炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.上述哪项是内因子的产生部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "胃", "B": "空肠", "C": "回肠", "D": "结肠"}, "answer": "胃", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,48岁,糖尿病12年,每日皮下注射预混胰岛素治疗,早餐前30单位,晚餐前24单位,每日进餐规律,主食350g。近来查空腹血糖13.6~14.8mmol/L。餐后2小时血糖7.6~8.8mmol/L,关于空腹高血糖。1.确定原因最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多次测定空腹血糖", "B": "多次测定餐后血糖", "C": "多次测定夜间血糖", "D": "口服葡萄糖耐量试验"}, "answer": "多次测定夜间血糖", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,38岁。进行性贫血、消瘦、乏力半年,有时右腹隐痛,无腹泻。查体:右中腹部扪及肿块,肠鸣音活跃。3.行标准根治术后病理结果为Duke B期,其5年生存率为(  )。", "options": {"A": "25%", "B": "45%", "C": "45%", "D": "65%"}, "answer": "65%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男婴,8个月。腹泻3天,大便10余次/日,蛋花汤样伴少量黏液,呕吐4~5次/日。嗜睡,口干,尿量少。体检:精神萎靡,皮肤较干燥、弹性较差,眼窝及前囟凹陷,哭时泪少。血钠135mmol/L,血钾4mmol/L。该患儿诊断为婴儿腹泻合并(  )。", "options": {"A": "轻度等渗脱水", "B": "中度等渗脱水", "C": "重度低渗脱水", "D": "重度等渗脱水"}, "answer": "中度等渗脱水", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "普氏立克次体主要引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "流行性斑疹伤寒", "B": "肠伤寒", "C": "地方性斑疹伤寒", "D": "恙虫病"}, "answer": "流行性斑疹伤寒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男孩儿,2岁。生后6个月发现智能发育落后,8个月出现惊厥,尿有异味儿。查体T 36.5℃,P 100次/分,R 28次/分。目光呆滞,毛发棕黄,心肺腹未见明显异常。膝腱反射亢进。其饮食治疗中需限制摄入量的氨基酸是(  )。", "options": {"A": "色氨酸", "B": "精氨酸", "C": "赖氨酸", "D": "苯丙氨酸"}, "answer": "苯丙氨酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "哪项符合急性链球菌感染后肾炎的严重病例的发生时间?(  )", "options": {"A": "起病1~2周内", "B": "起病4~5周内", "C": "起病3~4周内", "D": "起病2~3周内"}, "answer": "起病1~2周内", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,32岁。慢性膀胱刺激症状逐渐加重3个月。KUB+IVU见右肾有钙化影,肾影增大,无功能。2.对确诊最有价值的尿液检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿三杯试验", "B": "尿蛋白测定", "C": "尿结核分枝杆菌培养", "D": "尿常规"}, "answer": "尿结核分枝杆菌培养", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.嗜神经病毒是(  )。", "options": {"A": "狂犬病病毒", "B": "人乳头瘤病毒", "C": "人类免疫缺陷病毒", "D": "疱疹病毒"}, "answer": "狂犬病病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.蛋白酶作用的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2Fab段+Fc段", "B": "F(ab’)2+Fc’", "C": "铰链区", "D": "可变区"}, "answer": "铰链区", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.肺炎双球菌感染可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "小叶性肺炎", "B": "干酪样肺炎", "C": "大叶性肺炎", "D": "肺气肿"}, "answer": "大叶性肺炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "引起人类血吸虫病感染的主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "虫卵", "B": "毛蚴", "C": "尾蚴", "D": "成虫"}, "answer": "尾蚴", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "临终关怀医院或病房与普通的医院或病房相比,有以下特点,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "收治对象主要是临终病人", "B": "以治疗疾病为主", "C": "不以延长病人的生命为目的", "D": "以上都对"}, "answer": "以治疗疾病为主", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一名女性患者因不孕症、闭经,伴厌食、消瘦到妇科就诊。妇科做了各种常规检查后,决定行腹腔镜检查,通知患者准备。患者不知该检查如何做,便随医生进入处置室检查,检查中发现作了切口。患者及家属均不满意开刀,遂向院方提出了赔偿要求。该案例中行腹腔镜检查应如何决定为合理?(  )", "options": {"A": "必须征得患者同意", "B": "可以征得患者同意", "C": "可以由医生决定", "D": "必须由医院决定"}, "answer": "必须征得患者同意", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,40岁,发现血尿、蛋白尿5年,查体:BP 150/90mmHg,24小时尿蛋白定量1.0~1.7g,血肌酐100umol/L。3.治疗的主要目标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "防止或延缓肾脏病情进展", "B": "消除尿蛋白", "C": "消除血尿", "D": "消除水肿"}, "answer": "防止或延缓肾脏病情进展", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,45岁,胆囊结石5年,曾胆绞捅发作3次,B超示胆囊结石5枚,直径l~2cm,首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆囊切除", "B": "溶石治疗", "C": "体外震波碎石治疗", "D": "抗感染治疗"}, "answer": "胆囊切除", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对肠易激综合征的诊断推荐罗马Ⅲ标准,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "排便频率异常(每天>3次,或每周<3次)", "B": "粪便排出过程异常(费力、急迫感、排使不尽感)", "C": "胃肠胀气或腹部膨胀感", "D": "情绪不稳,表现失眠、抑郁等"}, "answer": "情绪不稳,表现失眠、抑郁等", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "测量细菌常用的单位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "nm", "B": "μm", "C": "mm", "D": "Å"}, "answer": "μm", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,45岁,左乳房外上象限4cm×3cm肿块,距乳头5cm,可推动,但是病人双手叉腰时肿块活动度明显受限,左腋窝未扪及肿大淋巴结。1.该病人最佳的定性诊断方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "粗针穿刺活检", "B": "切取活检", "C": "B超", "D": "细针穿刺细胞学检查"}, "answer": "细针穿刺细胞学检查", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪一项组合不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "M3白血病——t(15:17)", "B": "急粒白血病——可见Auer小体", "C": "急淋白血病——过氧化物酶阳性", "D": "慢淋白血病——以成熟小淋巴细胞为主"}, "answer": "急淋白血病——过氧化物酶阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "稳定型股骨颈骨折是(  )。", "options": {"A": "经颈骨折", "B": "基底骨折", "C": "内收骨折", "D": "外展骨折"}, "answer": "外展骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,45岁,诊断为巨大结节性甲状腺肿,在颈丛麻醉下行一侧甲状腺全切,另一侧甲状腺大部切除术,术后第2天突然发生窒息,面肌和手足持续性痉挛。2.进一步的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抽血查血清钙、磷浓度", "B": "抽血查T3、T4", "C": "抽血查血糖", "D": "抽血查肝功能"}, "answer": "抽血查血清钙、磷浓度", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "成熟红细胞内磷酸戊糖途径所生成的NADPH的主要功能之一是(  )。", "options": {"A": "参与脂肪合成", "B": "参与胆固醇合成", "C": "维持谷胱甘肽的还原状态", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "维持谷胱甘肽的还原状态", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对高度怀疑肠结核的病例中,下列最有利于临床诊断的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗结核治疗2~6周有效", "B": "PPD试验阳性", "C": "有腹痛、腹泻、右下腹压痛", "D": "原因不明的肠梗阻"}, "answer": "抗结核治疗2~6周有效", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "腋窝淋巴结不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "中央组", "B": "肩胛下组", "C": "胸肌组", "D": "锁骨上组"}, "answer": "锁骨上组", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "需要切除病肾及全长输尿管的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾结核", "B": "肾盂肾癌", "C": "肾母细胞瘤", "D": "萎缩肾"}, "answer": "肾盂肾癌", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女孩,4岁,因高热2h,惊厥2次,无吐泻,于8月12日来院急诊。发病前曾去公园玩,吃过苹果、葡萄。体检:体温40.2℃,重病容,神志欠清,面色青灰,四肢凉,血压56/30mmHg(7.5/4kPa)。2.最必要的实验室检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血常规", "B": "大便常规", "C": "血气分析", "D": "血培养"}, "answer": "大便常规", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肩周炎的临床特点为(  )。", "options": {"A": "活动时疼痛、功能受限", "B": "静息时疼痛、功能受限", "C": "活动时疼痛、功能无受限", "D": "活动时无痛、功能受限"}, "answer": "活动时疼痛、功能受限", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "消化性溃疡穿孔的早期临床表现中不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "寒战、高热", "B": "有局限性压痛和反跳痛", "C": "腹肌紧张", "D": "肠鸣音减弱或消失"}, "answer": "寒战、高热", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性基础体温在排卵后升高0.5℃左右,并在黄体期维持在这一水平上。下述哪一种激素与基础体温的升高有关?(  )", "options": {"A": "孕激素", "B": "雌激素", "C": "黄体生成素", "D": "卵泡刺激素"}, "answer": "孕激素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,66岁,近3年来无明显诱因下出现记忆力减退,将钱物分散收藏,事后不能回忆地点,对亲人漠不关心,不让孙子分享其糕点,病情最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "老年期精神病", "B": "血管性痴呆", "C": "阿尔茨海默病", "D": "遗忘综合征"}, "answer": "阿尔茨海默病", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,20岁,无任何不良反应,体检时发现血清HBsAg阳性,转氨酶等其他肝功能检查均正常,该情况属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "显性感染", "B": "既往感染过", "C": "病原体携带", "D": "重复感染"}, "answer": "病原体携带", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,55岁。突发心悸2小时。心律绝对不齐,心音强弱不等。心悸最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "窦性心律不齐", "B": "窦性心动过速", "C": "心房颤动", "D": "房性期前收缩"}, "answer": "心房颤动", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "骨盆测量,属于狭窄的径线是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骶耻外径19cm", "B": "髂嵴间径24cm", "C": "骨盆入口前后径10cm", "D": "坐骨结节间径7.5cm,出口后矢状径8cm"}, "answer": "骨盆入口前后径10cm", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.胸部X线片示心影呈“梨形”,提示的心脏异常是(  )。", "options": {"A": "二尖瓣狭窄", "B": "主动脉瓣关闭不全", "C": "二尖瓣关闭不全", "D": "心包积液"}, "answer": "二尖瓣狭窄", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "神经性呕吐的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "常伴有明显器质性病变", "B": "体重明显减轻", "C": "与心理社会因素无关", "D": "自发的反复呕吐"}, "answer": "自发的反复呕吐", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,65岁,因急性化脓性阑尾炎穿孔行阑尾切除术后8h感下腹部胀痛,躁动不安,未解小便。根据病史,首先应想到的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹腔内出血", "B": "尿潴留", "C": "腹腔感染", "D": "肠粘连,肠麻痹"}, "answer": "尿潴留", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,男,2岁,近1年多哭甚时出现青紫,查体:心前区隆起,胸骨左缘第3~4肋间可闻及Ⅳ级收缩期杂音,可触及震颤,X线检查示:左右心室及左房增大,肺血管影增多,肺动脉段凸出。2.如决定手术,此患儿必须做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心导管检查", "B": "磁共振成像", "C": "心功能检查", "D": "超声心动图"}, "answer": "超声心动图", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.慢性肾小球肾炎患者,尿蛋白<1g/d,血压应控制在(  )。", "options": {"A": "125/75mmHg以下", "B": "130/80mmHg以下", "C": "140/90mmHg以下", "D": "140/85mmHg以下"}, "answer": "130/80mmHg以下", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.风湿性心脏病孕妇,妊娠38周。心衰治疗后心率110次/min,能平卧,胎心140次/min。恰当的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "手术助产缩短第二产程", "B": "剖宫产", "C": "严密监护、继续妊娠", "D": "静滴缩宫素引产"}, "answer": "剖宫产", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.趾跖屈乏力或不能,外踝部和足外侧皮肤感觉改变,出现在(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰2~3间盘后外侧突出", "B": "腰4~5间盘后外侧突出", "C": "腰5骶1间盘后外侧突出", "D": "骶1~2间盘后外侧突出"}, "answer": "腰5骶1间盘后外侧突出", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "二尖瓣狭窄最常见的早期症状(  )。", "options": {"A": "咯血", "B": "头昏", "C": "呼吸困难", "D": "体循环淤血"}, "answer": "呼吸困难", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.Ⅱ期淋巴瘤(  )。", "options": {"A": "病变仅限于一个解剖部位", "B": "病变累及左腋下淋巴结及肝脏", "C": "病变累及右锁骨上淋巴结和左腋下,并伴有高热", "D": "病变累及左颈及纵隔淋巴结"}, "answer": "病变累及左颈及纵隔淋巴结", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "痴呆早期的记忆障碍表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "错构或虚构", "B": "近事遗忘", "C": "顺行性遗忘", "D": "逆行性遗忘"}, "answer": "近事遗忘", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿体重后半年每月平均增长(  )。", "options": {"A": "400~500g", "B": "300~400g", "C": "200~300g", "D": "500~600g"}, "answer": "300~400g", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肝硬化门静脉高压患者出现全血细胞减少,最主要是因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化道出血", "B": "肝功能减退", "C": "脾功能亢进", "D": "肝功能亢进"}, "answer": "脾功能亢进", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是风湿性心肌炎具有特征性诊断意义的病变?(  )", "options": {"A": "纤维素大量渗出", "B": "心肌变性、坏死", "C": "心肌间质水肿", "D": "心肌间质血管旁阿少夫小体形成"}, "answer": "心肌间质血管旁阿少夫小体形成", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.刺激引起兴奋的基本条件是使跨膜电位达到(  )。", "options": {"A": "锋电位", "B": "阈电位", "C": "负后电位", "D": "局部电位"}, "answer": "阈电位", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "产妇郑某住院分娩,分娩过程中由于医护人员操作错误,造成郑某大出血死亡。此后其家属进行的下列哪项行为是不恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "要求死者家属在场的情况下封存病历", "B": "要求将死者尸体冻存在医院停尸房,待5天后进行尸检", "C": "要求死者生前的主治医生先行赔付", "D": "要求进行医疗事故鉴定"}, "answer": "要求死者生前的主治医生先行赔付", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于支气管哮喘概念的描述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管哮喘是一种气道慢性炎症性疾病,临床表现为反复喘息、吸气性呼吸困难等症状,多数患者可自行或经治疗后缓解", "B": "支气管哮喘是支气管黏膜的慢性非特异性炎症,临床表现为反复喘息、呼气性呼吸困难等症状,多数患者可自行或经治疗后缓解", "C": "支气管哮喘是支气管黏膜的慢性非特异性炎症,临床表现为反复喘息、吸气性呼吸困难等症状,多数患者可自行或经治疗后缓解", "D": "支气管哮喘是多种炎性细胞参与的气道慢性炎症,临床表现为反复发作性的喘息、呼气性呼吸困难等症状,多数患者可自行或经治疗后缓解"}, "answer": "支气管哮喘是多种炎性细胞参与的气道慢性炎症,临床表现为反复发作性的喘息、呼气性呼吸困难等症状,多数患者可自行或经治疗后缓解", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "治疗慢性粒细胞性白血病首选的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "二溴甘露醇", "B": "长春新碱", "C": "靛玉红", "D": "羟基脲"}, "answer": "羟基脲", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "好发于儿童及青少年的卵巢肿瘤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "性索间质肿瘤", "B": "生殖细胞肿瘤", "C": "上皮性肿瘤", "D": "转移性癌"}, "answer": "生殖细胞肿瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于艾滋病的高危人群哪一项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "50岁以上的人", "B": "性乱者", "C": "男性同性恋", "D": "多次输血者"}, "answer": "50岁以上的人", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1型糖尿病患者的胰腺不会出现的病理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胰岛细胞增生", "B": "间质钙化", "C": "间质纤维化", "D": "胰岛细胞空泡变性"}, "answer": "胰岛细胞增生", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,20岁。吵架后突然倒在沙发上,全身抽搐。查体:面色苍白,呼吸急促,眼睑紧闭,眼球乱动,瞳孔对称,对光反射存在,双侧Babinski征未引出,常规脑电图未见异常。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "晕厥发作", "B": "复杂部分性癫痫发作", "C": "全身强直阵挛癫痫发作", "D": "假性癫痫发作"}, "answer": "假性癫痫发作", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.铜绿假单胞菌引起的严重感染用(  )。", "options": {"A": "头孢呋辛", "B": "头孢他啶", "C": "头孢噻肟", "D": "头孢哌酮"}, "answer": "头孢他啶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于肿瘤慢性疼痛的治疗哪种是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "当解热镇痛药和中强度镇痛药无效时才用强镇痛药", "B": "安慰剂效果不存在就应该用强镇痛药", "C": "只有使用大剂量强镇痛药时才会成瘾", "D": "海洛因治疗效果比吗啡还好"}, "answer": "当解热镇痛药和中强度镇痛药无效时才用强镇痛药", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,12岁。10天前出现上唇部红肿,可见脓头,自行挤压排脓液,后出现发热,畏寒,体温最高达38.9℃,寒战,头痛剧烈,神志不清。其最可能的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颌下淋巴结炎", "B": "眼眶内感染", "C": "海绵状静脉窦炎", "D": "面部蜂窝织炎"}, "answer": "海绵状静脉窦炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "疖是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "单个毛囊皮脂腺及其周围组织的脓肿", "B": "多个毛囊皮脂腺及其周围组织的脓肿", "C": "疏松结缔组织的化脓性炎", "D": "脓性卡他性炎"}, "answer": "单个毛囊皮脂腺及其周围组织的脓肿", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心肺复苏成功后治疗的关键是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维持良好的呼吸功能", "B": "防治肾衰竭", "C": "确保循环功能的稳定", "D": "防治脑缺氧和脑水肿"}, "answer": "防治脑缺氧和脑水肿", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.白喉(  )。", "options": {"A": "以血浆渗出为主的炎症", "B": "以纤维蛋白渗出为主的炎症", "C": "以疏松组织内广泛中性粒细胞的浸润为主的炎症", "D": "以中性粒细胞浸润为主的炎症"}, "answer": "以纤维蛋白渗出为主的炎症", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对内分泌功能亢进者,下列哪种治疗最为理想?(  )", "options": {"A": "手术切除增生或肿瘤", "B": "化学治疗", "C": "药物抑制激素合成", "D": "用靶激素抑制促激素的合成和分泌"}, "answer": "手术切除增生或肿瘤", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "癌的肉眼形态,最可能是下列哪种形态?(  )", "options": {"A": "绒毛状", "B": "结节状", "C": "乳头状", "D": "火山口状溃疡"}, "answer": "火山口状溃疡", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,48岁,呕血5小时。查体:P 120次/min,BP 95/60mmHg,营养状况差,巩膜明显黄染。腹壁可见静脉曲张,肝未触及,脾肋下6cm,移动性浊音阳性。1.该患者最主要的呕血原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃癌", "B": "胆道出血", "C": "食管胃底静脉曲张破裂", "D": "急性糜烂出血性胃炎"}, "answer": "食管胃底静脉曲张破裂", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,28岁。发现左颈前包块1个月。无多食、易饥、怕热、消瘦。查体:T 36.5℃,P 80次/分,R 18次/分,BP 120/80mmHg。甲状腺左叶可触及直径1cm质硬肿物,表面不光滑,颈部未触及肿大淋巴结。双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心律齐,腹软,无压痛。最有助于确诊的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈部增强CT", "B": "颈部彩色多普勒超声", "C": "细针穿刺细胞学检查", "D": "血清甲状腺素水平"}, "answer": "细针穿刺细胞学检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "营养不良患儿出现水肿的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量蛋白尿", "B": "血清蛋白降低", "C": "电解质紊乱", "D": "心力衰竭"}, "answer": "血清蛋白降低", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "符合室性期前收缩心电图的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "提前出现的ORS波群,形态宽大畸形", "B": "QRS波群时限≤0.12秒", "C": "T波低平", "D": "ORS波前可见异位P波"}, "answer": "提前出现的ORS波群,形态宽大畸形", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,55岁。发现右乳腺肿物1周入院,查体:右乳外上象限肿物1.5cm×1.0cm,质硬,活动度小。2.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺炎", "B": "乳腺癌", "C": "乳腺纤维腺瘤", "D": "乳腺结核"}, "answer": "乳腺癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.右肘外侧痛2个月,用力握掌或拧毛巾时疼痛加重,右肘外侧局限性压痛,Mills征阳性,其诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "髌骨软化症", "B": "颈椎病", "C": "肱骨外上髁炎", "D": "肩周炎"}, "answer": "肱骨外上髁炎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭最常见的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "严重肺结核", "B": "特发性肺间质纤维化", "C": "COPD", "D": "ARDS"}, "answer": "COPD", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪一种有机磷农药中毒,从尿中可检出三氯乙醇?(  )", "options": {"A": "敌百虫", "B": "对硫磷", "C": "马拉硫磷", "D": "甲拌磷"}, "answer": "敌百虫", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "暴发型流脑休克型治疗哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "控制感染", "B": "控制DIC", "C": "纠正休克", "D": "禁用肾上腺皮质激素"}, "answer": "禁用肾上腺皮质激素", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "已婚妇女,22岁。因停经45天,阴道不规则流血1周,突发右下腹撕裂样疼痛5小时就诊。平素月经规律,尿妊娠试验阳性,B超示子宫内膜厚4mm,宫旁显示低回声区。本例最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性阑尾炎", "B": "右侧输卵管妊娠破裂", "C": "右侧卵巢黄体破裂", "D": "右侧卵巢囊肿蒂扭转"}, "answer": "右侧输卵管妊娠破裂", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肉眼血尿伴有大小不等的凝血块可见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "急进性肾小球肾炎", "B": "急性肾小球肾炎", "C": "膀胱癌", "D": "Alport综合征"}, "answer": "膀胱癌", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某男患者,23岁,被确诊为再生障碍性贫血而住入某院。患者认为“再生障碍性贫血”是不治之症而拒绝一切治疗措施,甚至摔碎注射器。医务人员始终保持积极、耐心、和蔼的态度,一方面反复开导,讲解有关知识,陈述利害关系,一方面精心治疗,获得病人信任。在病人主动配合下,通过中西医结合治疗,使病人好转出院。这个病人出院至今已生存20余年,并建立了幸福的家庭。2.在这个病人的治愈过程中,下列哪项叙述不够准确?(  )", "options": {"A": "病人不仅有受动的一面,更有能动的一面", "B": "打动病人心灵,改变病人态度,是医务人员的道德责任", "C": "医务人员的权威性是至高无上的", "D": "把病人的思想工作放在首位是恰当的"}, "answer": "医务人员的权威性是至高无上的", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,28岁,受凉后发热、咳嗽、咳痰一周,气促2天,意识模糊一小时,查体:T 39.8℃,血压80/50mmHg,口唇发绀,双肺可闻及较多湿啰音,心率109次/分,未闻及杂音,四肢冷,血常规WBC 21×109/L。2.该患者经过抗感染等综合治疗后症状有所改善,血压100/60mmHg,动脉血气分析(面罩吸氧5L/分钟)提示:PaO2 50mmHg,PaCO2 28mmHg,HCO3- 16mmol/L。此时首先选择的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉点滴糖皮质激素", "B": "静脉点滴呼吸兴奋剂", "C": "静脉点滴碳酸氢钠", "D": "机械通气"}, "answer": "机械通气", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,34岁。2个月来无痛性颈淋巴结肿大,间断发热3个月,体检:脾肋下4cm。4.此患者首选的治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脾切除", "B": "放射治疗", "C": "化疗", "D": "免疫抑制剂治疗"}, "answer": "化疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,75岁。陈旧性广泛前壁心肌梗死6年,活动后胸闷、心悸、气短3年,近2周出现夜间阵发性呼吸困难。体检:端坐呼吸,血压160/90mmHg,脉搏120次/分。P2亢进,心脏各瓣膜区未闻及杂音。双肺底可闻及细湿啰音,双肺散在哮鸣音。腹平软,肝脾肋下未触及,双下肢无水肿。空腹血糖4.2mmol/L。心电图:V1~V6导联ST段压低0.05~0.1mV。1.血清肌钙蛋白正常,该患者目前最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "气道梗阻", "B": "肺动脉栓塞", "C": "急性心肌梗死", "D": "急性左心衰竭"}, "answer": "急性左心衰竭", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,5岁。眼距宽,眼裂小,鼻梁低平,舌常伸出口外,流涎多,有通贯掌,合并先天性心脏病,最有确诊意义的检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "听力测定", "B": "胸部X线检查", "C": "肝功能测定", "D": "染色体核型分析"}, "answer": "染色体核型分析", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "Ⅰ型急进性肾小球肾炎患者血浓度常升高的抗体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗肾小球基底膜抗体", "B": "抗核抗体", "C": "抗双链DNA抗体", "D": "肾脏抗体"}, "answer": "抗肾小球基底膜抗体", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,30岁。反复腹痛、腹泻10年。排便后腹痛可缓解,无发热、消瘦。多次查粪常规示软便或黏液便,镜检(-),隐血(-)。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "克罗恩病", "B": "肠结核", "C": "溃疡性结肠炎", "D": "肠易激综合征"}, "answer": "肠易激综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.多发性骨髓瘤患者免疫球蛋白轻链引起的可逆性损伤常表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脂肪变", "B": "玻璃样变", "C": "淀粉样变", "D": "黏液样变"}, "answer": "淀粉样变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哪项是儿童风湿热的相关发病机制?(  )", "options": {"A": "Ⅲ型变态反应", "B": "Ⅳ型变态反应", "C": "链球菌直接损害", "D": "肠球菌的毒素作用"}, "answer": "Ⅲ型变态反应", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "初孕妇,28岁,妊娠36周。血压升高3周,今晨突然腹痛,呈持续性,阵发性加重。BP 150/98mmHg,心率112次/分,尿蛋白(++),阴道少量流血。2.此时对诊断最有价值的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B型超声检查", "B": "肝功能检查", "C": "白细胞计数", "D": "血细胞比容"}, "answer": "B型超声检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,3岁,眼睑及双下肢明显浮肿,少尿l周。查体:精神状态尚好,眼睑浮肿,双下肢呈凹陷性水肿,血压90/60mmHg,心肺正常。尿常规:蛋白质(+++),红细胞0~3个/HP。血浆总蛋白45g/L,清蛋白22g/L。抗“O”正常,C3补体正常,胆固醇11.2mmol/L。3.该患儿治疗应选(  )。", "options": {"A": "泼尼松短程疗法", "B": "甲泼尼龙冲击疗法", "C": "泼尼松长程疗法", "D": "泼尼松中程疗法"}, "answer": "泼尼松短程疗法", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医生与患者交谈的原则应具有(  )。", "options": {"A": "情绪性", "B": "广泛性", "C": "指令性", "D": "针对性"}, "answer": "针对性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肝性脑病患者昏迷期一般不能引出的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌张力降低", "B": "各种反射消失", "C": "脑电图异常", "D": "扑翼样震颤"}, "answer": "扑翼样震颤", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者一个月前患急性扁桃体炎,治愈。近来颜面浮肿。尿量减少,尿检查见蛋白、少量红细胞及管型,血压轻度增高,治疗2个月后痊愈。考虑是哪型肾炎,少尿的机制是?(  )", "options": {"A": "弥漫性毛细血管内增生性肾炎。肾小管重吸收功能亢进引起少尿", "B": "弥漫性毛细血管内增生性肾炎,肾小球内皮细胞及系膜细胞增生挤压毛细血管引起少尿", "C": "弥漫性新月体性肾炎,系膜和内皮及上皮细胞增生引起少尿", "D": "IgA肾病,由于肾小球系膜增生引起少尿"}, "answer": "弥漫性毛细血管内增生性肾炎,肾小球内皮细胞及系膜细胞增生挤压毛细血管引起少尿", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,41岁,3年来经常夜间上腹不适,2日前进油腻食物,突然右上腹部阵发性绞痛伴恶心,入院时体温38℃,巩膜轻度黄染,有上腹肌紧张,压痛明显,肠鸣音弱,WBC 16×109/L,血清淀粉酶为128温氏单位,应首先考虑诊断为何种疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "急性阑尾炎", "B": "溃疡穿孔", "C": "急性化脓性胆囊炎", "D": "胆道蛔虫症"}, "answer": "急性化脓性胆囊炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者男性,28岁,高处坠落后左下肢肿痛3天。查体:神志清楚,右下肢肿胀瘀血,小腿可见广泛皮肤挫裂伤及水泡,左足皮温低,感觉减退,足背动脉搏动未触及,足趾冰凉,甲床青紫色,X线片示左胫腓骨中断粉碎性骨折。2.该患者的处理方案(  )。", "options": {"A": "外固定架固定", "B": "切开减张", "C": "石膏托固定", "D": "跟骨结节牵引"}, "answer": "切开减张", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿体格发育正常,体重9kg,头围46cm,身高75cm,其胸围最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "32cm", "B": "34cm", "C": "46cm", "D": "50cm"}, "answer": "46cm", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女孩,13岁。发热2周余,胸闷、心慌、膝关节肿痛1个月,前一周有咽痛史,心电图示PR间期延长,红细胞沉降率50mm/h。患者的药物治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫抑制剂", "B": "泼尼松", "C": "青霉素", "D": "强心药物"}, "answer": "泼尼松", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.肾小球系膜细胞弥漫性增生(  )。", "options": {"A": "膜性肾小球肾炎", "B": "新月体性肾小球肾炎", "C": "膜性增生性肾小球肾炎", "D": "系膜增生性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "系膜增生性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,40岁,车工,因近2个月来经常加班劳动而引起腰背痛及活动障碍,约5日前又扭伤腰部,疼痛加剧,且向右下肢后侧放散,每于弯腰、咳嗽及用力排便时加重,脊髓造影显示L4~L5椎间盘水平偏右有一圆形压迹,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性腰部损伤", "B": "腰部肌筋膜炎", "C": "强直性脊柱炎", "D": "腰椎间盘突出症"}, "answer": "腰椎间盘突出症", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,30岁。活动后心悸、气短2年,1周前受凉后出现咳嗽、咳白痰。有风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄史。查体:高枕卧位,BP 90/60mmHg,双肺底可闻及较密集的细湿啰音。心率140次/min,心律不齐,S1强弱不等。治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "西地兰", "B": "青霉素", "C": "硝普钠", "D": "多巴酚丁胺"}, "answer": "西地兰", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,24岁。停经45d,诊断为早期妊娠。在行负压吸宫术时,突然出现面色苍白、出汗、头晕、胸闷,体检血压80/50mmHg,心率40/min。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫穿孔", "B": "人工流产综合征", "C": "羊水栓塞", "D": "仰卧位低血压综合征"}, "answer": "人工流产综合征", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,30岁。白带增多伴腥臭味1个月,妇科检查见阴道分泌物呈稀薄灰白色。镜检发现线索细胞,胺臭味试验阳性。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "滴虫阴道炎", "B": "细菌性阴道病", "C": "支原体性阴道炎", "D": "衣原体性阴道炎"}, "answer": "细菌性阴道病", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.下列哪项是最易导致胎儿先天畸形的病毒(  )。", "options": {"A": "鼻病毒和冠状病毒", "B": "腮腺炎病毒", "C": "风疹病毒", "D": "流感病毒"}, "answer": "风疹病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,44岁。上腹灼痛3个月,柏油样便2日,为了确诊,首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线钡餐透视", "B": "血常规", "C": "胃镜", "D": "B超"}, "answer": "胃镜", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "诊断阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿最有意义的血细胞膜免疫标志是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD55、CD59", "B": "CD3、CD8", "C": "CD19、CD20", "D": "CD33、CD34"}, "answer": "CD55、CD59", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.40岁,男性,患精神分裂症三年长期服用抗精神病药物,幻觉、妄想明显减轻,情绪稳定。近来动作困难,两手明显颤抖,流口水,应该加用哪种药物治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "乙琥胺", "B": "卡马西平", "C": "苯海索", "D": "氯丙嗪"}, "answer": "苯海索", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者18岁,发热病3天后体重下降,伴恶心、呕吐、尿色深如豆油样,病程第八天出现嗜睡,继之神志不清,巩膜皮肤深度黄疸,肝界缩小,应考虑诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "感染中毒性脑病", "B": "急性黄疸型肝炎", "C": "急性重型肝炎", "D": "亚急性重型肝炎"}, "answer": "急性重型肝炎", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.主张人的本性一方面是受本能驱使的,另一方面又受现实和社会文化的制约(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分析理论", "B": "人本主义理论", "C": "社会学习理论", "D": "行为主义理论"}, "answer": "精神分析理论", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,30岁。因十二指肠溃疡所致幽门梗阻引起反复呕吐25天入院,测得血钾值为3mmol/L,动脉血pH 7.5,首选补液种类应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳酸、氯化钾溶液", "B": "蒸馏水", "C": "葡萄糖盐水", "D": "葡萄糖盐水、氯化钾溶液"}, "answer": "葡萄糖盐水、氯化钾溶液", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "自身免疫病治疗原则中为免疫调节方法的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗MHC-Ⅱ类Ag的Ab", "B": "淋巴因子(细胞因子)", "C": "皮质激素", "D": "氨基蝶呤"}, "answer": "淋巴因子(细胞因子)", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.新生儿期筛查苯丙酮尿症的试验是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Guthrie细菌生长抑制试验", "B": "尿三氯化铁试验", "C": "常染色体隐性遗传", "D": "常染色体畸变"}, "answer": "Guthrie细菌生长抑制试验", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.促进胃液分泌的因素(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆盐与胆囊收缩素", "B": "乙酰胆碱与组胺", "C": "抑胃肽与胆囊收缩素", "D": "促胰液素与胆囊收缩素"}, "answer": "乙酰胆碱与组胺", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小刚正在忙于高考、压力很大,可是母亲又突然去世了,他的心理承受了重大的打击,下列说法不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "周围的人应该给予他支持和关怀", "B": "他只遭遇了亲人去世一个应激事件", "C": "改善他的情绪", "D": "老师、同学在他情绪缓解后多指导他的学习"}, "answer": "他只遭遇了亲人去世一个应激事件", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.妊娠期糖尿病患者及接受大量雄激素治疗患者易发生(  )。", "options": {"A": "滴虫阴道炎", "B": "外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病", "C": "萎缩性阴道炎", "D": "婴幼儿外阴阴道炎"}, "answer": "外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.治疗外阴阴道念珠菌病宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "雌激素", "B": "雄激素", "C": "甲硝唑", "D": "克霉唑"}, "answer": "克霉唑", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "桡骨小头半脱位常见发生年龄及常用处理方法,是(  )。", "options": {"A": "6~8岁小儿,手法复位,石膏外固定", "B": "10岁儿童,切开复位内固定", "C": "5岁以下幼儿,手法复位,三角巾悬吊", "D": "成年人,切开复位内固定"}, "answer": "5岁以下幼儿,手法复位,三角巾悬吊", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心绞痛与急性心肌梗死临床表现的主要区别是(  )。", "options": {"A": "疼痛部位", "B": "疼痛性质", "C": "疼痛程度", "D": "疼痛持续时间"}, "answer": "疼痛持续时间", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.丙型病毒性肝炎的主要传播途径为(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化道传播", "B": "呼吸道传播", "C": "经血传播", "D": "虫媒传播"}, "answer": "经血传播", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有关胸内压的叙述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一般情况下是负压", "B": "胸内负压有利于静脉回流", "C": "使肺维持一定的扩张程度", "D": "产生气胸时负压增大"}, "answer": "产生气胸时负压增大", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肝硬化最常见的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "门静脉血栓形成", "B": "肝性脑病", "C": "上消化道大出血", "D": "自发性腹膜炎"}, "answer": "上消化道大出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "HIV与感染细胞膜上CD4分子结合的病毒刺突是(  )。", "options": {"A": "gp120", "B": "p24", "C": "p17", "D": "gp160"}, "answer": "gp120", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "开放性颅脑损伤特有的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅骨骨折", "B": "头皮裂伤", "C": "头皮血肿", "D": "脑脊液漏"}, "answer": "脑脊液漏", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "十二指肠降段腹膜后部分外伤性破裂的典型临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全腹痛,明显腹膜刺激征,移动性浊音(+)", "B": "全腹痛,明显腹膜刺激征,肝浊音界消失", "C": "右上腹和腰背部痛,明显腹膜刺激征,肝浊音界消失", "D": "右上腹和腰背部痛,无明显腹膜刺激征"}, "answer": "右上腹和腰背部痛,无明显腹膜刺激征", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,56岁。左腹股沟包块5年,伴胀痛。平卧位包块不能完全回纳,同时有便秘、消化不良。包块部位听诊可闻及肠鸣音。手术治疗时,应特别注意不要损伤(  )。", "options": {"A": "精索内动脉", "B": "盲肠或乙状结肠", "C": "精索内静脉", "D": "髂腹下神经和髂腹股沟神经"}, "answer": "盲肠或乙状结肠", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.登革热病毒的传播媒介(  )。", "options": {"A": "蚊", "B": "蜱", "C": "蚤", "D": "虱"}, "answer": "蚊", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.外源性凝血系统激活始发因子(  )。", "options": {"A": "X因子", "B": "Ⅷ因子", "C": "Ⅲ因子", "D": "Ⅳ因子"}, "answer": "Ⅲ因子", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,2岁。腹泻3天,诊断为重型腹泻,经静脉补充有效量的3:2:1液治疗,脱水明显纠正,尿量增加,但患儿仍有腹胀,精神差,肌张力低。首先需要考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "低钠血症", "B": "低钾血症", "C": "低镁血症", "D": "低氯血症"}, "answer": "低钾血症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "碳酸氢钠处理糖尿病酮症酸中毒的指征为(  )。", "options": {"A": "出现血钾过高", "B": "治疗酸中毒的起初2小时", "C": "血pH<7.1", "D": "pH<7.3"}, "answer": "血pH<7.1", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于胆囊结石的描述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆囊结石均有症状", "B": "大的单发结石不易发生嵌顿", "C": "结石嵌顿于胆囊壶腹后,导致急性胆囊炎", "D": "胆绞痛向右肩部放射"}, "answer": "胆囊结石均有症状", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对多数蛛网膜下腔出血,防止再出血的根本方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卧床休息4~6周", "B": "不再从事剧烈运动或重劳动", "C": "保持血压稳定", "D": "对先天性动脉瘤或脑血管畸形行手术治疗"}, "answer": "对先天性动脉瘤或脑血管畸形行手术治疗", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述抑郁发作典型症状,不包括哪一项?(  )", "options": {"A": "抑郁心境", "B": "思维内容障碍", "C": "音联意联", "D": "意志活动减退"}, "answer": "音联意联", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.细胞代谢所需的O2和所生产的CO2是通过什么途径跨膜转运?(  )", "options": {"A": "脂质双分子层", "B": "载体蛋白", "C": "通道蛋白", "D": "钠泵"}, "answer": "脂质双分子层", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "短期饥饿时,血糖浓度的维持主要靠(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝糖原分解", "B": "肌糖原分解", "C": "酮体转变成糖", "D": "糖异生作用"}, "answer": "糖异生作用", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "既想参赛锻炼自己,又怕成绩不好被人讥笑,此时的动机冲突为(  )。", "options": {"A": "双避冲突", "B": "趋避冲突", "C": "双重趋避冲突", "D": "双重避趋冲突"}, "answer": "趋避冲突", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.P2减低(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "动脉导管未闭", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "艾森曼格综合征"}, "answer": "法洛四联症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,27岁,外地打工,近2个月来整日卧床发呆,不愿工作,诉每日脑子里听到一男一女的激烈辩论,其内容都是与他有关的,感到工友们背后取笑他,给他“穿小鞋”,个别工友企图陷害他。体检及神经系统无异常。2.该病人给予氯丙嗪治疗,其适宜的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不定时给药品", "B": "持续小剂量给药", "C": "配合以其他抗精神病药物", "D": "从小剂量始,渐加大治疗量"}, "answer": "从小剂量始,渐加大治疗量", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是不能经垂直传播的病毒?(  )", "options": {"A": "巨细胞病毒", "B": "乙型肝炎病毒", "C": "单纯疱疹病毒", "D": "脊髓灰质炎病毒"}, "answer": "脊髓灰质炎病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪项不是婴儿期的保健重点?(  )", "options": {"A": "保温", "B": "消毒隔离毒隔离", "C": "清洁卫生", "D": "预防接种"}, "answer": "保温", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.儿童苯丙酮尿症的初筛选用方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "DNA分析", "B": "血浆游离氨基酸分析", "C": "尿三氯化铁试验", "D": "Guthrie细菌生长抑制试验"}, "answer": "尿三氯化铁试验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.患者排尿刺激征,尿道分泌物,会阴部不适或疼痛,考虑诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性前列腺炎", "B": "急性附睾炎", "C": "淋病性尿道炎", "D": "肾积脓"}, "answer": "慢性前列腺炎", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "婴儿总热量分配不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "排泄损失", "B": "生长发育", "C": "食物特殊动力作用", "D": "思维活动"}, "answer": "思维活动", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "治疗急性肝衰竭时,应限制使用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支链氨基酸", "B": "葡萄糖注射液", "C": "脂肪乳剂", "D": "乳果糖"}, "answer": "脂肪乳剂", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于氯丙嗪的应用,哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "人工冬眠疗法", "C": "晕动病引起的呕吐", "D": "躁狂症"}, "answer": "晕动病引起的呕吐", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,60岁,半年前因精神因素起病,表现为失眠、好忘事、说话哕嗦。复发近4个月,愁眉苦脸,要自杀,少言少语,对不起子女,翻箱倒柜,认错家人。既往有高血压史,无卒中史。曾诊断为“抑郁症”、“原发性高血压”。经治疗,一度病情好转,表现豁然开朗,对往事感到莫明其妙,2天后病情复发。躯体检查:血压160/11OmmHg,四肢肌张力增高,双手震颤,无病理反射。精神检查:阵发性意识不清,表情淡漠,缄默违拗,拒饮拒食,近记忆力明显减退,告诉事转眼即忘,远记忆尚可,能正确回忆重大生活事件。3.最有效的治疗措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗精神病治疗", "B": "抗抑郁治疗", "C": "脑血管病治疗", "D": "按脑血管病所致精神障碍治疗"}, "answer": "按脑血管病所致精神障碍治疗", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,35岁。因输卵管妊娠破裂出血1小时急诊入院,怀孕3次,自然流产2次,顺产1胎,术前查Hb 100g/L,术后第8天出现皮肤、巩膜黄染,发热,T 38.5℃,检查Hb 70g/L。该患者可能发生的输血反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "过敏反应", "B": "细菌污染反应", "C": "非溶血性发热性反应", "D": "迟发性溶血反应"}, "answer": "迟发性溶血反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男孩,2岁半,发热、咳嗽3天,气急半天。出生后3个月发现心脏有杂音,曾患肺炎5次,并发心力衰竭1次。查体:消瘦,唇周青紫,有轻度鼻扇,体温39℃(R),心率150次/分,呼吸50次/分,心前区隆起,胸骨左缘第3、4肋间有收缩期震颤伴3级全收缩期杂音,广泛传导,两肺背部有细湿啰音,肝肋下2cm。EKG示RV530mm。胸片示两肺下部有炎性渗出病灶,肺动脉段凸出,左心室扩大,主动脉弓小。1.根据以上资料考虑其诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "法洛四联症合并肺炎", "B": "室间隔缺损合并肺炎", "C": "房间隔缺损合并肺炎", "D": "室间隔缺损合并心力衰竭"}, "answer": "室间隔缺损合并肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "血清中补体成分含量最高的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "C2", "B": "C1", "C": "C3", "D": "C4"}, "answer": "C3", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.最多见的甲状腺癌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳头状腺癌", "B": "未分化癌", "C": "髓样癌", "D": "转移癌"}, "answer": "乳头状腺癌", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,44岁。因呕吐、腹泻、低热于门诊应用庆大霉素32万U/d,共5天。近日来尿量有所减少,约700~800ml/d,伴乏力、头晕。实验室检查尿蛋白(+)。Hb 100g/L,血清钾6.5mmol/L,BUN 33.5mmol/L,血肌酐884mmol/L。2.最有助于诊断的进一步检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾脏B超", "B": "电解质", "C": "肾活检", "D": "血气分析"}, "answer": "肾活检", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3岁女孩,主因眼睑及面部水肿两周就诊。查体:血压12/9kPa,全身高度水肿,呈凹陷性。实验室检查尿蛋白(++++),尿红细胞1~2/HP。3.关于肾病综合征的一般疗法,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "注意皮肤护理,防止感染", "B": "不主张预防性用抗生素", "C": "可以进行预防接种", "D": "对接触水痘者注射丙种球蛋白"}, "answer": "可以进行预防接种", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "大面积烧伤患者转运前应首先(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸氧", "B": "彻底清创", "C": "建立静脉输液", "D": "消毒敷料包扎创面以免污染"}, "answer": "建立静脉输液", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "再次应答中最重要的APC是(  )。", "options": {"A": "MΦ", "B": "DC", "C": "记忆性B细胞、T细胞", "D": "朗格汉斯细胞"}, "answer": "记忆性B细胞、T细胞", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "槟榔肝镜下的显著病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝细胞脂肪变性", "B": "中央静脉及血窦扩张充血、肝细胞萎缩及脂肪变性", "C": "肝小叶中央结构破坏", "D": "肝细胞萎缩"}, "answer": "中央静脉及血窦扩张充血、肝细胞萎缩及脂肪变性", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于过敏性紫癜的治疗哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "应用抗组胺药物作为一般治疗", "B": "肾上腺皮质激素可改善腹痛", "C": "肾上腺皮质激素对肾型有较好疗效", "D": "维生素C可降低毛细血管脆性"}, "answer": "肾上腺皮质激素对肾型有较好疗效", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.由NK细胞介导的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "迟发型超敏反应性炎症反应", "B": "特异性杀伤肿瘤细胞", "C": "非特异性杀伤肿瘤细胞", "D": "外源性抗原的加工递呈"}, "answer": "非特异性杀伤肿瘤细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.患者男性,48岁,右臂红肿热痛1周,发热38.9℃,红肿局限。2天来寒战、高热40.5℃。血白细胞为20.3×109/L,血培养阳性。考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "革兰阳性菌败血症", "B": "脓血症", "C": "真菌性败血症", "D": "毒血症"}, "answer": "革兰阳性菌败血症", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男性,7岁,咳嗽1周,喘3天,无发热,门诊就诊。1.为证实患肺炎,下述哪一项检查最有价值?(  )", "options": {"A": "有无三凹征", "B": "观察一般状态,生命体征", "C": "心音是否低钝,有无奔马律", "D": "肺部有无水泡音"}, "answer": "肺部有无水泡音", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.脑缺氧发作常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉导管未闭合并肺动脉高压", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "动脉导管未闭"}, "answer": "法洛四联症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在蛋白质生物合成中催化氨基酸之间肽键形成的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氨基酸合成酶", "B": "转肽酶", "C": "氨基肽酶", "D": "氨基酸连接酶"}, "answer": "转肽酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,55岁。间断咳嗽、咳痰,反复发作30年,近2年来渐觉气短,发现高血压3年,吸烟36年,2包/日。查体:BP 140/90mmHg,心肺无明显阳性体征,心脏彩超未发现异常。为明确诊断首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部CT", "B": "肺功能", "C": "冠状动脉造影", "D": "核素心肌显影"}, "answer": "肺功能", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是流行性乙型脑炎最具特征性的病变?(  )", "options": {"A": "卫星现象", "B": "筛网状软化灶", "C": "淋巴细胞袖口状浸润", "D": "胶质结节"}, "answer": "筛网状软化灶", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "8岁女孩,发热1周,体温38.5℃,伴频繁咳嗽,胸痛。查体:一般情况可,双肺未闻干湿啰音,肺部X线片示两下肺云雾状阴影。3.用药时间为(  )。", "options": {"A": "5~7天", "B": "至少2~3周", "C": "热退1天停药", "D": "3天"}, "answer": "至少2~3周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "26岁,女性患者,平素有背痛、乏力与低热,分娩后出现下肢瘫痪,检查胸椎9、10压痛,平脐以下痛觉减退,下肢痉挛性瘫,血沉加快,首先应考虑是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓肿瘤", "B": "硬膜外腔脓肿", "C": "胸椎结核", "D": "横断性脊髓炎"}, "answer": "胸椎结核", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,5岁,平素体质较差,8个月时曾接种麻疹疫苗,今在幼儿园中接触一麻疹患者,该小儿应检疫观察多长时间(  )。", "options": {"A": "7天", "B": "5天", "C": "10天", "D": "21天"}, "answer": "21天", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.降血糖作用持续时间最长的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲苯磺丁脲", "B": "氯磺丙脲", "C": "格列本脲", "D": "正规胰岛素"}, "answer": "氯磺丙脲", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新生儿甲状腺功能减低症下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "食量少,吞咽缓慢,常腹泻", "B": "精神及动作反应迟钝", "C": "生理性黄疸时间延长", "D": "不爱活动,多睡"}, "answer": "食量少,吞咽缓慢,常腹泻", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.治疗泌尿生殖道感染的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "普萘洛尔", "B": "环丙沙星", "C": "华法林", "D": "阿司匹林"}, "answer": "环丙沙星", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "恶性程度最高,预后最差的乳腺癌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "髓样癌(伴大量淋巴细胞浸润)", "B": "髓样癌(不伴大量淋巴细胞浸润)", "C": "乳头湿疹样乳腺癌", "D": "炎性乳腺"}, "answer": "炎性乳腺", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在全球精神疾病谱中,负担最重的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿尔茨海默病", "B": "焦虑症", "C": "精神分裂症", "D": "强迫症"}, "answer": "精神分裂症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心境障碍临床类型不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "躁狂发作", "B": "恶劣心境障碍", "C": "惊恐发作", "D": "环性心境障碍"}, "answer": "惊恐发作", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列能诱发支气管哮喘的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "M受体阻断药", "B": "N受体阻断药", "C": "β受体阻断药", "D": "H1受体阻断药"}, "answer": "β受体阻断药", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.第一个有关人体试验的伦理文献是(  )。", "options": {"A": "《纽伦堡法典》", "B": "《希波克拉底誓言》", "C": "《日内瓦宣言》", "D": "《荷兰会议》"}, "answer": "《纽伦堡法典》", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "运输内源性胆固醇的血浆脂蛋白是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HDL", "B": "LDL", "C": "VLDL", "D": "LPL"}, "answer": "LDL", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.肺泡表面张力来自(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺泡上皮细胞", "B": "毛细血管基膜和内皮细胞", "C": "肺泡表面液体层", "D": "肺泡表面活性物质"}, "answer": "肺泡表面液体层", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "成年人最常见的卵巢癌为(  )。", "options": {"A": "浆液性囊腺癌", "B": "黏液性囊腺癌", "C": "子宫内膜样癌", "D": "转移性癌"}, "answer": "浆液性囊腺癌", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "子痫发作时导致孕妇死亡的直接原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏病", "B": "脑出血", "C": "急性肾衰竭", "D": "Ⅲ度胎盘早剥"}, "answer": "脑出血", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "甲状腺功能亢进的诊断主要依靠(  )。", "options": {"A": "典型的临床表现", "B": "甲状腺摄131碘率的测定", "C": "血清中T4和T3含量测定", "D": "活检"}, "answer": "典型的临床表现", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "抢救糖尿病酮症酸中毒时,胰岛素用量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "4~6U/h", "B": "6~10U/h", "C": "10~20U/h", "D": "30~35U/h"}, "answer": "4~6U/h", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,35岁。发热、牙龈出血20天。查体:左侧颈部触及一个2cm×2cm大小淋巴结,质韧,无压痛。胸骨压痛(+),肝肋下未触及,脾肋下2cm。血常规:Hb 105g/L,WBC 3.6×109/L,骨髓细胞学检查示大的原始细胞占0.80,细胞大小均一,胞浆内可见明显空泡,PAS细胞(+),其余细胞系受抑。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性髓细胞白血病(M1)", "B": "急性淋巴细胞白血病(L1)", "C": "急性淋巴细胞白血病(L2)", "D": "急性淋巴细胞白血病(L3)"}, "answer": "急性淋巴细胞白血病(L3)", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对苯海索的叙述,哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "对帕金森病疗效不如左旋多巴", "B": "阻断中枢胆碱受体", "C": "对氯丙嗪引起的震颤麻痹无效", "D": "外周抗胆碱作用比阿托品弱"}, "answer": "对氯丙嗪引起的震颤麻痹无效", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "诊断小儿咳嗽变异性哮喘的基本条件是(  )。", "options": {"A": "常伴夜间或清晨发作性咳嗽,痰少,运动后加重", "B": "临床无感染征象", "C": "用支气管扩张剂可使咳嗽发作缓解", "D": "有个人或家族过敏史"}, "answer": "用支气管扩张剂可使咳嗽发作缓解", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.可转变为黑色素的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "天冬酰胺", "B": "谷氨酰胺", "C": "酪氨酸", "D": "精氨酸"}, "answer": "酪氨酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "弥散性血管内凝血发病过程的中心环节是(  )。", "options": {"A": "凝血酶消耗过多", "B": "促凝物质产生过多", "C": "凝血酶产生过多", "D": "纤维蛋白溶解增多"}, "answer": "促凝物质产生过多", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性肾小球肾炎的本质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "感染", "B": "感染后的免疫反应", "C": "变态反应", "D": "免疫耐受"}, "answer": "感染后的免疫反应", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.解除有机磷中毒时烟碱样毒性作用,首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿托品", "B": "解磷定", "C": "美解眠", "D": "尼可刹米"}, "answer": "解磷定", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.选择性阻断β1受体的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "拉贝洛尔", "B": "阿托品", "C": "酚妥拉明", "D": "美托洛尔"}, "answer": "美托洛尔", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "细菌细胞壁的特有成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肽聚糖", "B": "外膜", "C": "脂蛋白", "D": "类脂A"}, "answer": "肽聚糖", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "非法采集血液,应承担的法律不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "警告", "B": "罚款", "C": "取缔", "D": "构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任"}, "answer": "警告", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.可引起交叉反应(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸腺依赖性抗原", "B": "胸腺非依赖性抗原", "C": "完全抗原", "D": "共同抗原"}, "answer": "共同抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某人因肾病而亡,尸检发现肾脏体积变小,表面有不规则疤痕,皮髓界限不清,肾乳头萎缩,肾盂肾盏变形,镜下见肾组织出现分布不规则的间质纤维化及炎细胞浸润,该患者因何病而亡(  )。", "options": {"A": "系膜增生性肾小球肾炎", "B": "慢性肾盂肾炎", "C": "急性肾盂肾炎", "D": "高血压肾"}, "answer": "慢性肾盂肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "糖酵解的关键酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳酸脱氢酶", "B": "丙酮酸脱氢酶", "C": "磷酸甘油酸脱氢酶", "D": "磷酸果糖激酶-1"}, "answer": "磷酸果糖激酶-1", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是朊病毒的主要组成成分?(  )", "options": {"A": "多糖", "B": "蛋白质", "C": "DNA", "D": "脂类"}, "answer": "蛋白质", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.胃癌(  )。", "options": {"A": "多经血道转移", "B": "多经淋巴道转移", "C": "多经种植性转移", "D": "以上三者同时发生"}, "answer": "多经淋巴道转移", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者男性,50岁,颈增粗20年,近一年消瘦10kg,伴心悸。体检发现双侧甲状腺多个结节。基础代谢率+31%,2h内甲状腺摄碘29%。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯性甲状腺肿", "B": "结节性甲状腺肿", "C": "原发性甲亢", "D": "继发性甲亢"}, "answer": "继发性甲亢", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "正常人体的血液总量占体重的(  )。", "options": {"A": "16%", "B": "10%", "C": "8%", "D": "6%"}, "answer": "8%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.胚胎期第Ⅲ、Ⅳ对咽囊发育缺陷引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性丙种球蛋白缺乏症", "B": "性联无丙种球蛋白血症", "C": "DiGeorge综合征", "D": "常见多变型免疫缺陷病"}, "answer": "DiGeorge综合征", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "7个月患儿,呕吐腹泻4天,大便8~10次/天。量多,呈蛋花汤样,尿量极少,皮肤弹性差,呈花纹状,眼窝、前囟明显凹陷,心音低钝,四肢厥冷,大便镜检偶见白细胞,血清钠为128mmol/L。2.该患儿腹泻的病原可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "真菌", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "C": "产毒性大肠杆菌", "D": "耶尔森菌"}, "answer": "产毒性大肠杆菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "上唇部疖或痈的主要危险是导致(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈部蜂窝织炎", "B": "大脑脓肿", "C": "上颌骨骨髓炎", "D": "海绵窦静脉炎"}, "answer": "海绵窦静脉炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者经抗肿瘤治疗后尿检发现大量葡萄糖和氨基酸。推测其肾单元受损部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "近端小管", "B": "肾小球", "C": "集合管", "D": "远端小管"}, "answer": "近端小管", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "可分解产生尿酸的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鸟嘌呤", "B": "β-丙氨酸", "C": "阿糖胞苷", "D": "胞嘧啶"}, "answer": "鸟嘌呤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.属于超抗原的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素", "B": "二硝基苯酚", "C": "脂多糖", "D": "BSA"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一健康儿前囟约0.5cm×0.5cm,出牙8个,体重10kg,身长75cm,开始能独走,能叫出物品名字,指出自己的手、眼,其月龄大约为(  )。", "options": {"A": "6个月", "B": "12个月", "C": "16个月", "D": "20个月"}, "answer": "12个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "根据我国《医疗机构管理条例》的规定,医疗机构的门诊病历和住院病历保存的最低年限分别为(  )。", "options": {"A": "10年;30年", "B": "10年;15年", "C": "15年;20年", "D": "15年;30年"}, "answer": "15年;30年", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于动脉粥样硬化叙述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主要累及小动脉", "B": "基本病变是动脉中膜的脂质沉积", "C": "HDL促进其形成", "D": "多合并有高血压,高脂血症,糖尿病"}, "answer": "多合并有高血压,高脂血症,糖尿病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,69岁。高血压冠心病病史12年。因发作性言语不能、右侧肢体麻木无力5天入院,共发作4次,每次持续约5~10分钟可自行缓解。入院时查体:血压170/90mmHg,神经系统无阳性定位体征。3.本例需与下列哪种疾病鉴别?(  )", "options": {"A": "癫痫", "B": "偏头痛", "C": "脑血栓形成", "D": "高血压脑病"}, "answer": "脑血栓形成", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.患者,男,60岁。急性下壁心肌梗死第3天,心电监测示二度Ⅰ型房室传导阻滞,心室率50次/分,血压110/70mmHg(  )。", "options": {"A": "临时心脏起搏器植入", "B": "硝酸甘油", "C": "毛花苷丙(西地兰)", "D": "阿托品"}, "answer": "阿托品", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "52岁,男性,突发脑出血,头痛,呕吐,昏迷,血压180/90mmHg,应迅速给予(  )。", "options": {"A": "止血治疗", "B": "降血压治疗", "C": "降颅压治疗", "D": "防治血管痉挛"}, "answer": "降颅压治疗", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "大叶性肺炎属于以下哪一种炎症?(  )", "options": {"A": "浆液性炎", "B": "纤维素性炎", "C": "出血性炎", "D": "化脓性炎"}, "answer": "纤维素性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于人初乳的描述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖含量最高", "B": "脂肪含量最少而蛋白质含量最多", "C": "脂肪含量最高", "D": "蛋白质、糖及脂肪含量均最低"}, "answer": "脂肪含量最少而蛋白质含量最多", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "为避免麻疹的流行,如何保护易感人群?(  )", "options": {"A": "早发现、早报告、早隔离、早治疗", "B": "对接触麻疹的易感者检疫观察3周", "C": "进行主动免疫或被动免疫", "D": "流行期间少到公共场所"}, "answer": "进行主动免疫或被动免疫", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肾炎时,毛细血管管壁增厚呈车轨状或分层状出现于(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎", "B": "弥漫性膜性增生性肾小球肾炎", "C": "希尔德病性肾小球肾炎", "D": "弥漫性新月体性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "弥漫性膜性增生性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭患者若给予高浓度氧疗仍无效,其机制很可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "严重肺动-静脉样分流", "B": "严重肺通气功能障碍", "C": "肺弥散功能障碍", "D": "肺泡塌陷"}, "answer": "严重肺动-静脉样分流", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "导致输卵管妊娠的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "剖宫产史", "B": "输卵管妊娠史", "C": "子宫肌瘤", "D": "输卵管炎症"}, "answer": "输卵管炎症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,34岁。2个月来无痛性颈淋巴结肿大,间断发热3个月,体检:脾肋下4cm。3.临床分期为(  )。", "options": {"A": "ⅡA", "B": "ⅢA", "C": "ⅢB", "D": "ⅣB"}, "answer": "ⅢB", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿身高80cm,前囟门已闭,头围48cm,乳牙20枚,会跳并能用简单的语言表达自己的需要,对人、事有喜乐之分。2.按公式计算此小儿的体重约是(  )。", "options": {"A": "8kg", "B": "9kg", "C": "10kg", "D": "12kg"}, "answer": "12kg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.因受刑事处罚被注销注册的,自刑罚执行完毕之日起满二年的(  )。", "options": {"A": "只可从事预防业务", "B": "只可从事医疗业务", "C": "可以从事相应的医疗、预防、保健业务", "D": "可以重新申请医师执业注册"}, "answer": "可以重新申请医师执业注册", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在酵解过程中,催化产生NADH和消耗无机磷酸的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳酸脱氢酶", "B": "3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶", "C": "醛缩酶", "D": "丙酮酸激酶"}, "answer": "3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "ATP的储存形式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌酸", "B": "磷酸肌酸", "C": "磷脂酰肌醇", "D": "乙酰CoA"}, "answer": "磷酸肌酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.脂肪酸合成需要(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙酰COA", "B": "NAD+", "C": "NADH", "D": "FADH2"}, "answer": "乙酰COA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有机磷农药中毒出现的烟碱样症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多汗", "B": "肌肉颤动", "C": "流涎", "D": "大便失禁"}, "answer": "肌肉颤动", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性肾小球肾炎,GFR 65ml/min,最主要的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用β-受体阻断剂", "B": "应用α-酮酸", "C": "低蛋白饮食", "D": "应用ACEI"}, "answer": "低蛋白饮食", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "随着病情的变化,医患关系可以(  )。", "options": {"A": "由主动一被动转化为指导一合作", "B": "最终都要进入到共同参与型", "C": "由主动一被动转化为共同参与", "D": "由一种模式转向另一种模式"}, "answer": "由一种模式转向另一种模式", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "神经末梢兴奋与递质释放之间的偶联因子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "K+", "B": "Na+", "C": "Ca2+", "D": "Mg2+"}, "answer": "Ca2+", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是病毒衣壳的主要组成部分?(  )", "options": {"A": "核酸", "B": "多糖", "C": "脂质", "D": "蛋白质"}, "answer": "蛋白质", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "处理颅内压增高,以下选项错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "频繁呕吐时宜禁食", "B": "便秘4天以上给予高位灌肠", "C": "静点地塞米松", "D": "早期行病因治疗"}, "answer": "便秘4天以上给予高位灌肠", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "属于环境中的二次污染物的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "二手烟", "B": "光化学烟雾", "C": "二氧化碳", "D": "汞"}, "answer": "光化学烟雾", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,70岁。进行性排尿困难10年,夜尿3~4次。从未药物治疗。直肠指检:前列腺体积增大,中央沟消失,表面光滑,质地中等。B超:双肾无积水,输尿管未见扩张。最大尿流率10ml/s。2.首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "根治性前列腺切除术", "B": "口服多沙唑嗪+非那雄胺", "C": "经尿道前列腺切除术(TURP)", "D": "膀胱切开取石"}, "answer": "经尿道前列腺切除术(TURP)", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "链球菌感染后引起的变态反应性疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "产褥热", "B": "风疹", "C": "风湿热", "D": "波状热"}, "answer": "风湿热", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不属于冠心病主要危险因素的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸烟", "B": "酗酒", "C": "年龄", "D": "高胆固醇血症"}, "answer": "酗酒", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,50岁,半小时前被车撞伤左大腿,有开放性伤口,出血较多。查体:P110次/分,BP100/65mmHg,意识稍模糊,左大腿明显肿胀,伤口流血不止,有反常活动,首先应处理的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "补液、止血、术前准备", "B": "拍全身X线片以了解全身骨折情况", "C": "切开复位内固定术", "D": "立即手法复位,外固定"}, "answer": "补液、止血、术前准备", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "Addison病由于醛固酮缺乏可产生下列哪一种情况?(  )", "options": {"A": "高钠低钾血症", "B": "高钠高钾血症", "C": "低钾低钙血症", "D": "低钠高钾血症"}, "answer": "低钠高钾血症", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "情绪可通过哪些系统的生理反应对人体健康产生影响?(  )", "options": {"A": "神经系统、循环系统和泌尿系统", "B": "呼吸系统、循环系统和免疫系统", "C": "神经系统、内分泌系统和免疫系统", "D": "呼吸系统、内分泌系统和免疫系统"}, "answer": "神经系统、内分泌系统和免疫系统", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.赖氨酸是(  )。", "options": {"A": "酸性氨基酸", "B": "碱性氨基酸", "C": "支链氨基酸", "D": "含硫氨基酸"}, "answer": "碱性氨基酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "人体内五类免疫球蛋白不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫球蛋白A", "B": "免疫球蛋白C", "C": "免疫球蛋白G", "D": "免疫球蛋白E"}, "answer": "免疫球蛋白C", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,18岁,学生,近1年来出现反复洗手,每次洗手时间可达30min,对做过的题目不放心,反复检查,以致耽搁考试时间,明知无需如此,却不能自控,为此苦恼不堪,当被阻止其洗手或检查时,即出现烦躁不安。3.该病人最佳治疗方案为(  )。", "options": {"A": "说服、教育", "B": "心理治疗+氯米帕明", "C": "生物反馈治疗", "D": "地西泮"}, "answer": "心理治疗+氯米帕明", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,48岁。接触性出血3个月,妇科检查:宫颈呈糜烂状,宫体大小正常,活动好,双侧附件区无异常,三合诊(-),阴道镜下活检病理示鳞状细胞癌,间质浸润深度6mm。3.术后常规病理:各切缘阴性,中分化鳞癌,无淋巴结转移及脉管浸润,应给予(  )。", "options": {"A": "随访观察", "B": "放化疗", "C": "化学治疗", "D": "物理治疗"}, "answer": "随访观察", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.T3N0M0的TNM分期为(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅰ期", "B": "Ⅱ期", "C": "Ⅲ期", "D": "Ⅳ期"}, "answer": "Ⅱ期", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初产妇,28岁。妊娠40周临产,规律宫缩12小时,阴道流液8小时,阴道检查:宫口7cm,先露棘下1cm,下列诊断正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "潜伏期延长", "B": "第一产程延长", "C": "正常活跃期", "D": "胎膜早破"}, "answer": "胎膜早破", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.属于医师执业权利的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医师在执业活动中,人格尊严、人身安全不受侵犯", "B": "医师在执业活动中,应当遵守法律、法规、遵守技术操作规范", "C": "对医学专业技术有重大突破,作出显著贡献的医师,应当给予表彰或者奖励", "D": "医师应当使用经国家有关部门批准使用的药品、消毒药剂和医疗器械"}, "answer": "医师在执业活动中,人格尊严、人身安全不受侵犯", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,48岁。上腹疼痛7年。餐前痛、伴反酸,近日疼痛加重,且呈持续性向腰背部放射,有时低热。胃肠钡餐示:十二指肠球部变形。血白细胞11×109/L,中性粒细胞百分比为78%。诊断首先考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃溃疡", "B": "胃癌", "C": "十二指肠穿透性溃疡", "D": "胃黏膜脱垂"}, "answer": "十二指肠穿透性溃疡", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "Na+、K+在细胞内外不均衡分布是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "安静时K+比Na+更易穿透过细胞膜", "B": "兴奋时Na+比K+更易穿透过细胞膜", "C": "K+的不断外流和Na+的不断内流", "D": "膜上Na+-K+依赖式ATP酶的活动"}, "answer": "膜上Na+-K+依赖式ATP酶的活动", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "抑郁发作的临床症状主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "情感低落,思维迟缓,意志活动减退", "B": "情感淡漠,思维迟缓,意志活动减退", "C": "情感低落,思维贫乏,意志活动减退", "D": "情感淡漠,思维破裂,意志活动正常"}, "answer": "情感低落,思维迟缓,意志活动减退", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "细菌形态学检查中最常用的染色法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "美兰单染色法", "B": "印度墨汁染色法", "C": "革兰染色法", "D": "Giemsa染色法"}, "answer": "革兰染色法", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,26岁,5天来鼻及牙龈出血,皮肤瘀斑。血红蛋白55g/L,白细胞10.0×109/L,血小板16×109/L。骨髓增生活跃,幼稚细胞占80%,胞浆有大小不等颗粒及成堆棒状小体,过氧化酶染色强阳性。3.本患者治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "全反式维A酸", "B": "羟基脲", "C": "VP方案", "D": "骨髓移植"}, "answer": "全反式维A酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男孩,1.5岁。半年前发现智力较同龄儿童低,尿有霉臭味,近1个月经常抽搐发作。体检:表情呆滞,毛发棕黄,面部湿疹,皮肤白皙。2.首选的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血钙测定", "B": "血氨基酸分析", "C": "尿三氯化铁试验", "D": "染色体核型分析"}, "answer": "尿三氯化铁试验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.无明确目的、不需要意志努力的识记是(  )。", "options": {"A": "无意识记", "B": "意义识记", "C": "联想识记", "D": "机械识记"}, "answer": "无意识记", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,43岁,外阴瘙痒伴灼热感三天,妇产科检查见外阴红肿、小阴唇内侧及阴道黏膜表面有白色凝乳状物覆盖,该患者首先考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病", "B": "淋菌性阴道炎", "C": "滴虫阴道炎", "D": "前庭大腺炎"}, "answer": "外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "属于正细胞正色素性贫血的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "缺铁性贫血", "B": "急性溶血性贫血", "C": "地中海贫血", "D": "慢性失血性贫血"}, "answer": "急性溶血性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于髋关节结核的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "儿童多见", "B": "早期病变以单纯性骨结核多见", "C": "可出现膝关节处疼痛", "D": "“4”字征阳性"}, "answer": "早期病变以单纯性骨结核多见", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.治疗非霍奇金淋巴瘤首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "DA方案", "B": "MP方案", "C": "CHP方案", "D": "MOPP方案"}, "answer": "CHP方案", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于脂肪合成所需原料的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脂肪酸", "B": "甘油", "C": "甘油主要由葡萄糖代谢提供", "D": "脂肪酸主要由氨基酸代谢提供"}, "answer": "脂肪酸主要由氨基酸代谢提供", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某老人跌倒后,右髋疼痛,步行到医院,X线片示外展型嵌插型股骨颈骨折,正确的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "持续皮牵引固定6~8周", "B": "髋人字石膏固定", "C": "皮牵引6~8周后,三刃钉内固定", "D": "夹板固定"}, "answer": "持续皮牵引固定6~8周", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "支气管扩张症合并感染的常见病原体不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎链球菌", "B": "流感嗜血杆菌", "C": "肺炎支原体", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "肺炎支原体", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,16岁。低热伴乏力、纳差、恶心、呕吐3天,来诊当日发现巩膜黄染。实验室检查:ALT 860U/L,TBil 120μmol/L。出生时曾注射乙肝疫苗。本病的病理特点不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "假小叶形成", "B": "肝细胞气球样变性", "C": "肝细胞点状坏死", "D": "炎症细胞浸润"}, "answer": "假小叶形成", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,20岁,平素健康,淋雨后突发寒战、高热、头痛,第2天出现右侧胸痛、咳嗽、咳痰,X线胸片示右上肺大片实变影。1.体检不会出现的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右上肺叩诊浊音", "B": "气管向左侧偏移", "C": "右上肺语颤增强", "D": "脉率增快"}, "answer": "气管向左侧偏移", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医师经注册后,应当按照下列注册的内容执业(  )。", "options": {"A": "执业地点", "B": "执业范围、执业类别", "C": "执业范围、执业类别、医疗机构", "D": "执业范围、执业类别、执业地点"}, "answer": "执业范围、执业类别、执业地点", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.各级人民政府(  )。", "options": {"A": "承担传染病监测、预测、流行病学调查、疫情报告以及其他预防控制工作", "B": "承担与医疗救治有关的传染病防治工作和责任区域内的传染源隔离预防工作", "C": "在各自的职责范围内负责传染病防治工作", "D": "领导传染病防治工作"}, "answer": "领导传染病防治工作", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "属于非细胞型微生物的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "柯萨奇病毒", "B": "白色念珠菌", "C": "肺炎支原体", "D": "沙眼衣原体"}, "answer": "柯萨奇病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心室肌细胞电位各时期跨膜电位变化不包括下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "1期复极", "B": "0期去极", "C": "3期复极", "D": "4期自动去极"}, "answer": "4期自动去极", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男婴,2岁,呕吐腹泻1天。突然脐周阵发性腹痛,继恶心、呕吐三四次,大便五六次。初蛋花汤样后呈赤豆汤血水样便,腥臭、无脓。体温39℃(R),腹软,稍胀,不固定压痛,无肌紧张,未及包块,皮疹(-)。2.为早期确诊,哪一项检查最有价值?(  )", "options": {"A": "大便常规加隐血试验", "B": "血白细胞计彰(分类", "C": "动脉血气分析", "D": "腹部X线片"}, "answer": "腹部X线片", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "哪项是Babinski征的典型表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "拇趾背屈,其他各趾向外呈扇形展开", "B": "五趾均跖屈", "C": "仅拇趾背屈", "D": "拇趾跖屈,其他各趾向外扇形分开"}, "answer": "拇趾背屈,其他各趾向外呈扇形展开", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "引起流行性脑脊髓膜炎的病原属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "奈瑟菌属", "B": "念珠菌属", "C": "隐球菌属", "D": "链球菌属"}, "answer": "奈瑟菌属", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.顶叶肿瘤可出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量丰富的视幻觉", "B": "遗忘-虚构综合征", "C": "Gerstmann综合征(手指失认、计算不能、书写不能和左右不分等)", "D": "广泛智能受损、情感障碍和人格改变"}, "answer": "Gerstmann综合征(手指失认、计算不能、书写不能和左右不分等)", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,24岁。足月妊娠临产10小时,宫口扩张2cm,自觉下腹部持续疼痛,孕妇烦躁不安,疼痛喊叫,宫缩频率高,子宫下段收缩最强。1.患者初步诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不协调性宫缩乏力", "B": "协调性宫缩乏力", "C": "骨盆狭窄", "D": "正常分娩"}, "answer": "不协调性宫缩乏力", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "原发性肝癌定位诊断下述哪个方法最敏感?(  )", "options": {"A": "X线肝血管造影", "B": "CT肝动脉碘油造影", "C": "CT肝动脉造影", "D": "放射性核素肝显像"}, "answer": "CT肝动脉碘油造影", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性化脓性腹膜炎最主要的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "恶心呕吐", "B": "腹痛", "C": "呼吸急促", "D": "休克"}, "answer": "腹痛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者进食困难,右侧咀嚼肌力弱,张口时,下颌偏向右侧,病损部位在(  )。", "options": {"A": "三叉神经感觉主核", "B": "三叉神经脊束核", "C": "三叉神经运动核", "D": "三叉神经中脑核"}, "answer": "三叉神经运动核", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "婴儿期“生理性贫血”发生在什么时间?(  )", "options": {"A": "生后15天~1个月", "B": "生后1个月~2个月", "C": "生后2个月~3个月", "D": "生后4个月~5个月"}, "answer": "生后2个月~3个月", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.上述哪项是仅糖酵解需要的?(  )", "options": {"A": "3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶", "B": "丙酮酸激酶", "C": "6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶", "D": "果糖双磷酸酶-1"}, "answer": "丙酮酸激酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肝脓肿的特点正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌性肝脓肿常为单发、较大", "B": "阿米巴肝脓肿较少,多为多发性", "C": "阿米巴肝脓肿脓液为褐色,无臭味", "D": "阿米巴肝脓肿病人粪便中可找到阿米巴原虫"}, "answer": "阿米巴肝脓肿脓液为褐色,无臭味", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.大剂量可致神经兴奋、多发性神经炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "异烟肼", "B": "利福平", "C": "链霉素", "D": "吡嗪酰胺"}, "answer": "异烟肼", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于基因工程的叙述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "需供体DNA", "B": "只有质粒DNA能被用作载体", "C": "也称基因克隆", "D": "重组DNA需下一步纯化、传代和扩增"}, "answer": "只有质粒DNA能被用作载体", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在治疗早期膝关节滑膜结核中,除全身治疗外,局部治疗最恰当的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "穿刺抽脓,注入抗痨药", "B": "穿刺抽脓,注入抗痨药+制动", "C": "滑膜切除术", "D": "膝关节加压融合术"}, "answer": "穿刺抽脓,注入抗痨药+制动", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,58岁。呕血6小时入院。查体:脉搏120次/分,血压80/55mmHg。神志不清,营养状况差。巩膜明显黄染,腹壁可见静脉曲张,肝肋下可触及,质地较硬,边缘较钝,脾肋下6cm,移动性浊音阳性,肠鸣音弱。1.呕血最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化性溃疡出血", "B": "食管胃底曲张静脉破裂", "C": "晚期胃癌出血", "D": "肝脏出血"}, "answer": "食管胃底曲张静脉破裂", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,55岁。发现肝硬化已10年。4天前与朋友聚餐时出现呕血,鲜红色,量约1000mL。患者出现头晕、心慌、出冷汗等。经输血、补液和应用止血药物治疗后病情好转,血压和心率恢复正常。1天前起出现睡眠障碍,并出现幻听和言语不清。化验检查示:血氨130ug/dl,血糖5.6mmol/L,尿素氮7.2mmol/L。3.肝硬化患者消化道大出血的原因最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃癌", "B": "食管癌", "C": "十二指肠溃疡", "D": "食管静脉曲张破裂"}, "answer": "食管静脉曲张破裂", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,26岁。月经周期为30天,其末次月经是2003年4月18日,其排卵日期大约在5月(  )。", "options": {"A": "2日", "B": "4日", "C": "6日", "D": "8日"}, "answer": "4日", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "正常人可以出现错觉,下列哪一种情况须排除?(  )", "options": {"A": "暗示情况下", "B": "环境杂乱,噪声,光线暗淡", "C": "恐惧或紧张情绪时", "D": "心情不好"}, "answer": "心情不好", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.可以参加执业医师资格考试的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "有医学专业本科学历,在保健机构试用期满6个月", "B": "有医学专业本科学历,在医疗机构试用期满1年", "C": "有医学专业本科学历,在医疗机构中试用期满6个月", "D": "有中等专业学校医学专科学历,在预防机构试用期满1年"}, "answer": "有医学专业本科学历,在医疗机构试用期满1年", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,35岁。反复上腹痛3年,疼痛向背部放射,多在空腹及夜间出现。既往体健。日常工作紧张。查体:T 36.5℃,P 80次分,R 18次/分,BP 120/80mmHg。双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心律齐。腹软,无压痛。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃癌", "B": "十二指肠溃疡", "C": "胰腺癌", "D": "食管溃疡"}, "answer": "十二指肠溃疡", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "结核病预防性化疗通常选用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "异烟肼", "B": "利福平", "C": "吡嗪酰胺", "D": "乙胺丁醇"}, "answer": "异烟肼", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者认为呆在身旁的妻子并不是他真的妻子,而是一个极其像他妻子的人或者是一个冒充他妻子的骗子。此症状属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "替身综合征", "B": "替身错觉症", "C": "否定妄想综合征", "D": "遗忘综合征"}, "answer": "替身综合征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.肺炎支原体肺炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "小片阴影,肺纹理增多,肺气肿多见", "B": "肺浸润,多发性肺脓肿", "C": "多种多样.基本改变为支气管肺炎征象", "D": "以肺门阴影增浓为突出"}, "answer": "以肺门阴影增浓为突出", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是恶性葡萄胎与绒毛膜癌的主要区别?(  )", "options": {"A": "浸润肌层", "B": "阴道转移结节", "C": "细胞异型性", "D": "有绒毛结构"}, "answer": "有绒毛结构", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肝细胞迅速发生弥漫性大片坏死,肝索解离,肝细胞溶解,此病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性普通型肝炎", "B": "急性重症肝炎", "C": "轻度慢性肝炎", "D": "中度慢性肝炎"}, "answer": "急性重症肝炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.包裹性胸腔积液(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线示肋膈角变钝", "B": "X线示斑片状、边缘模糊阴影", "C": "X线示大片状、边缘模糊阴影", "D": "X线示凸面指向肺内呈“D”形阴影"}, "answer": "X线示凸面指向肺内呈“D”形阴影", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医师在与慢性病患者的交往中,下列哪项为医患关系中最理想的模式?(  )", "options": {"A": "主动-被动型", "B": "指导-合作型", "C": "共同参与型", "D": "被动-被动型"}, "answer": "共同参与型", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "接触麻疹后多长时间行被动免疫可预防麻疹(  )。", "options": {"A": "5天内", "B": "10天内", "C": "7天内", "D": "14天内"}, "answer": "5天内", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者女性,23岁。患风湿病4年。累及到心包。听诊可以听到心包摩擦音。检查心包腔的渗出物,主要成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "浆液", "B": "纤维素", "C": "单核、淋巴细胞", "D": "红细胞"}, "answer": "纤维素", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,44岁,健康体检发现甲状腺肿大就诊,查体甲状腺对称性Ⅱ度肿大,表面不平,中等硬度,无触痛,无血管杂音,心率78/min,拟诊慢性淋巴性甲状腺炎,有助于确诊的检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "TSH、FT3、FT4", "B": "抗甲状腺抗体", "C": "甲状腺B超声", "D": "甲状腺吸131I率"}, "answer": "抗甲状腺抗体", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "属于再生性增生的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溶血性贫血时骨髓增生", "B": "阴道糜烂时上皮增生", "C": "肝炎时库普弗细胞的增生", "D": "雌激素过多时子宫内膜增生"}, "answer": "溶血性贫血时骨髓增生", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,60岁,发热4天,37.5℃左右,伴左路踏拇趾痛。检查:血压114/70mmHg,左拇趾甲沟部红肿。血白细胞计数为10×109/L,中性粒细胞为82%。3.经处理3天后病人体温突然升高达40℃,呈稽留热,并出现皮疹,呕吐,腹泻,血白细胞20×109/L,中性粒细胞为89%,此时病人可能合并有(  )。", "options": {"A": "败血症", "B": "DIC", "C": "过敏性皮疹(对青霉素过敏)", "D": "菌血症"}, "answer": "败血症", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,18岁,发热1个月,近一周来两面颊出现对称性红斑、手指关节红肿,化验:血红蛋白90g/L,白细胞3.0×109g/L,尿蛋白(+++),抗ds-DNA抗体阳性,诊断应首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "缺铁性贫血", "B": "慢性肾炎", "C": "系统性红斑狼疮", "D": "风湿热"}, "answer": "系统性红斑狼疮", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于原癌基因的叙述,下列哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "正常细胞中无此基因", "B": "基因突变可激活原癌基因表达", "C": "正常细胞均可有原癌基因", "D": "多种理化因素可活化此基因表达"}, "answer": "正常细胞中无此基因", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "目前用于判断慢性阻塞性肺疾病严重程度的肺功能指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "FEV1占预计值百分比", "B": "FVC占预计值百分比", "C": "MMV占预计值百分比", "D": "FEV1/FVC(一秒率)"}, "answer": "FEV1占预计值百分比", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.治疗急性非淋巴细胞白血病(  )。", "options": {"A": "DA", "B": "苯丁酸氮芥", "C": "MOPP", "D": "羟基脲"}, "answer": "DA", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.IgE(  )。", "options": {"A": "调理作用", "B": "裂解细胞作用", "C": "ADCC", "D": "引起变态反应"}, "answer": "引起变态反应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "囊虫病的传染源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "囊虫病病人", "B": "猪肉绦虫病病人", "C": "猪肉绦虫病病人及牛肉绦虫病病人", "D": "猪、牛"}, "answer": "猪肉绦虫病病人", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,23岁。跟邻居吵架时突发呕吐、视物双影2小时。平时偶有一侧头痛,严重时伴畏光、恶心、呕吐。查体:右眼睑下垂,右瞳孔散大,对光反射消失,右眼向上、下、内活动受限,颈强直(+)。急诊首选的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头颅MRI", "B": "DSA", "C": "颈颅多普勒超声", "D": "头颅CT"}, "answer": "头颅CT", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,37岁,腹胀、腹泻与便秘交替半年。常有午后低热,夜间盗汗。查体:腹部轻度压痛,肝脾未触及,腹水征(+)。腹水检验:比重1.018,蛋白25g/L,白细胞700×106/L,中性0.30,淋巴0.70,红细胞0.3×109/L。本例最可能诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核性腹膜炎", "B": "原发性腹膜炎", "C": "癌性腹膜炎", "D": "肝静脉阻塞综合征"}, "answer": "结核性腹膜炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是决定肺内气体交换方向的主要因素?(  )", "options": {"A": "气体的分压差", "B": "气体的相对分子质量", "C": "气体的溶解度", "D": "呼吸膜的通透性"}, "answer": "气体的分压差", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "最常导致肝硬化的DNA病毒是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HAV", "B": "HBV", "C": "HCV", "D": "HEV"}, "answer": "HBV", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "用听诊器经孕妇腹壁听到胎儿心音,多数开始于(  )。", "options": {"A": "妊娠15~17周", "B": "妊娠18~20周", "C": "妊娠24~26周", "D": "妊娠27周以上"}, "answer": "妊娠18~20周", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,21岁。关节疼痛、口腔溃疡4个月,双手指遇冷变白、变紫2个月,发热、下肢水肿2周。实验室检查:血Hb 89g/L,WBC 23×109/L,PLT 80×109/L;尿蛋白(++):尿红细胞(++)。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾结核", "B": "系统性红斑狼疮", "C": "急性肾小球炎", "D": "类风湿性关节炎"}, "answer": "系统性红斑狼疮", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪一种不是人体必需氨基酸?(  )", "options": {"A": "色氨酸", "B": "苏氨酸", "C": "组氨酸", "D": "苯丙氨酸"}, "answer": "组氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是第三代头孢菌素的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "主要用于轻、中度呼吸道和尿路感染", "B": "对革兰阴性菌有较强的作用", "C": "对β-内酰胺酶的稳定性较第一、二代头孢菌素低", "D": "对组织穿透力弱"}, "answer": "对革兰阴性菌有较强的作用", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列细菌中属于条件致病菌的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤寒沙门菌", "B": "霍乱弧菌", "C": "铜绿假单胞菌", "D": "结核分枝杆菌"}, "answer": "铜绿假单胞菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,42岁。双手指间关节疼痛半年,左腕关节肿痛4周。查体:左腕关节肿胀,压痛(+),双手第2、4、5近端指间关节压痛(+),无肿胀。化验:ESR 45mm/h,CRP 18.7mg/L(正常<8mg/L),RF(-),抗CCP抗体152 RU/ml(正常<5RU/ml)。2.治疗应首选的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素", "B": "青霉胺", "C": "地塞米松", "D": "甲氨蝶呤"}, "answer": "甲氨蝶呤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某人诊断为肺气肿,其肺部出现下述哪一种情况?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺弹性阻力减小", "B": "功能余气量减少", "C": "余气量减少", "D": "肺表面活性物质减少"}, "answer": "肺弹性阻力减小", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,50岁。车祸致腹部损伤3小时。伤后腹痛、腹胀,在急诊室非手术治疗观察期间,最重要的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "实验室检查的动态监测", "B": "腹部X线检查", "C": "腹部B超的动态检查", "D": "观察腹部体征的变化"}, "answer": "观察腹部体征的变化", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,33岁。右下腹痛、便秘1年。X线钡剂灌肠检查发现回肠末端及升结肠起始部纵行溃疡及鹅卵石征,病变呈节段性,PPD试验阴性。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠结核", "B": "阿米巴病", "C": "溃疡性结肠炎", "D": "克罗恩病"}, "answer": "克罗恩病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于烧伤面积的叙述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新九分法主要适用成人", "B": "一个手掌为体表面积的2%", "C": "会阴部占体表面积的1%", "D": "临床上判断烧伤面积,Ⅰ度不计算在内"}, "answer": "一个手掌为体表面积的2%", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,45岁,双手和膝关节肿痛伴晨僵1年。查体:肘部可及皮下结节,质硬,无触痛。1.诊断首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "系统性硬化症", "B": "骨关节炎", "C": "类风湿关节炎", "D": "风湿性关节炎"}, "answer": "类风湿关节炎", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "婴儿期持续性青紫,提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "动脉导管未闭", "D": "法洛四联症"}, "answer": "法洛四联症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,22岁。每逢路过商店时就会有被售货员怀疑偷窃的想法,无法自控,十分痛苦。遂到心理门诊寻求帮助。心理治疗师指导其每当出现该想法时就用力拉弹手腕上的橡皮筋,使其产生疼痛,从而逐步消除强迫症状。这种治疗方法属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "厌恶疗法", "B": "系统脱敏疗法", "C": "冲击疗法", "D": "代币疗法"}, "answer": "厌恶疗法", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "初孕妇,28岁。妊娠37+4周,剧烈头痛并呕吐3次。查体:BP 170/110mmHg,尿蛋白(++),双下肢轻度水肿。无宫缩,枕右前位,胎心率138次/分,估计胎儿体重2800g。该患者应立即采取的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人工破膜后静脉滴注缩宫素", "B": "静脉滴注硫酸镁及快速静脉滴注甘露醇", "C": "立即行剖宫术", "D": "肌内注射哌替啶"}, "answer": "静脉滴注硫酸镁及快速静脉滴注甘露醇", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,40岁。体检发现空腹血糖升高2个月。2次查空腹血糖分别为7.8mmol/L、7.4mmol/L,无口干、多饮、多食、多尿、体重下降。查体:身高170cm,体重90kg,BMI 31.1,余无异常。实验室检查:HbAlc 7.8%。1.该患者首选的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "罗格列酮", "B": "胰岛素", "C": "阿卡波糖", "D": "二甲双胍"}, "answer": "二甲双胍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,36岁,右股骨上端疼痛20天。查体:右股骨上端肿胀、压痛,右髋关节活动受限。X线片:右股骨颈及转子下溶骨性骨破坏。3年前患乳癌,施乳癌根治术,局部无复发。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "软骨肉瘤", "B": "纤维肉瘤", "C": "骨巨细胞瘤", "D": "乳癌骨转移"}, "answer": "乳癌骨转移", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一男婴,日龄4天,足月顺产,生后2天出现黄疸,拒奶,反应差,体温不升,皮肤发花。1.其母亲妊娠史中最能提供诊断线索的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "异常妊娠史", "B": "孕早期感染史", "C": "产程过长史", "D": "应用药物史"}, "answer": "产程过长史", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "可确诊反流性食管炎的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃镜发现食管下端黏膜破损", "B": "食管酸监测异常", "C": "反酸、烧心症状", "D": "13C-尿素呼气试验阳性"}, "answer": "胃镜发现食管下端黏膜破损", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在原发性醛固酮增多症病因中,下述哪个最常见?(  )", "options": {"A": "醛固酮癌", "B": "醛固酮瘤", "C": "异位醛固酮分泌瘤", "D": "糖皮质类固醇可抑制醛固酮增多症"}, "answer": "醛固酮瘤", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胰头癌最常见的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹痛、黄疸和消瘦", "B": "腹痛、黄疸和上腹包块", "C": "腹痛、黄疸和呕吐", "D": "黄疸、消瘦和上腹包块"}, "answer": "腹痛、黄疸和消瘦", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.右足底钉子扎伤3天,有脓性分泌物,该伤口属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "清洁伤口", "B": "沾染伤口", "C": "感染伤口", "D": "一期愈合"}, "answer": "感染伤口", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "影响传染病流行过程的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病原体、带菌动物", "B": "病原体、人体和环境", "C": "社会因素、自然因素", "D": "病原体和环境"}, "answer": "社会因素、自然因素", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,60岁,右髋部疼痛2年余,加重伴跛行1个月,既往有“慢性肾炎史”,长期口服“激素”治疗。体检:右髋关节“4”字试验阳性。4.若患者术后2年出现同侧髋关节疼痛,关节囊空虚,患肢呈弹性固定,可能出现的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "创伤性关节炎", "B": "髋关节结核", "C": "人工股骨头脱位", "D": "急性化脓性髋关节炎"}, "answer": "人工股骨头脱位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性感染性多发性神经炎的诊断标准之一是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腱反射正常", "B": "起病即出现脑脊液中蛋白细胞分离现象", "C": "四肢上运动神经元性瘫痪", "D": "双侧腓肠肌压痛"}, "answer": "双侧腓肠肌压痛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "脾破裂患者术前最重要的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "止痛", "B": "补充血容量", "C": "控制感染", "D": "补充营养"}, "answer": "补充血容量", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "促使早产儿动脉导管关闭的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硝苯地平", "B": "前列腺素", "C": "吲哚美辛", "D": "双嘧达莫"}, "answer": "吲哚美辛", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某新生儿出生7天被确诊为化脓性脑膜炎,下述哪种是最常见的致病菌?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑膜炎奈瑟菌", "B": "肺炎球菌", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "D": "B族链球菌"}, "answer": "脑膜炎奈瑟菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1,4,5-三磷酸肌醇(IP3)可以(  )。", "options": {"A": "使细胞膜钙泵活性增强", "B": "促进二酰甘油生成", "C": "促进内质网中Ca2+释放至胞液", "D": "促进Ca2+与蛋白激酶C结合"}, "answer": "促进内质网中Ca2+释放至胞液", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.急性小肠扭转易发生(  )。", "options": {"A": "机械性肠梗阻", "B": "单纯性肠梗阻", "C": "痉挛性肠梗阻", "D": "绞窄性肠梗阻"}, "answer": "机械性肠梗阻", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "建筑工人不慎坠楼,腰剧痛,双下肢感觉运动障碍,二便功能障碍。1.现场搬运的正确方法(  )。", "options": {"A": "平托或滚动法", "B": "双人搂抱法", "C": "侧卧搬运法", "D": "背驮法"}, "answer": "平托或滚动法", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,50岁。晨起大便时突然出现剧烈头痛、恶心呕吐、低热及畏光症状,2小时后右侧上睑下垂,意识朦胧,急诊来院。2.体检重点应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "眼底", "B": "感觉神经系统", "C": "运动神经系统", "D": "脑膜刺激征"}, "answer": "脑膜刺激征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.产生重组DNA分子(  )。", "options": {"A": "基因载体的切割", "B": "外源基因与载体拼接", "C": "重组DNA分子导入受体细胞", "D": "表达目的基因编码的蛋白质"}, "answer": "外源基因与载体拼接", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.汉坦病毒致肾出血性综合征经(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸道、消化道和直接接触传播", "B": "血液传播", "C": "性接触传播", "D": "垂直传播"}, "answer": "呼吸道、消化道和直接接触传播", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.重度妊高症孕妇首选解痉药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硫酸镁", "B": "肼苯哒嗪", "C": "阿托品", "D": "甘露醇"}, "answer": "硫酸镁", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.脑缺氧发作常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "室间隔缺损", "B": "房间隔缺损", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "动脉导管未闭"}, "answer": "法洛四联症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.上述哪项最能体现不伤害的原则?(  )", "options": {"A": "医生为患者选用疗效相当但价格低廉的药物", "B": "医生为患者提供完全、真实的信息,供其选择表态", "C": "医生使用艾滋病患者病情资料时,应做隐去姓名等处理", "D": "医生治疗时应努力使病人受益"}, "answer": "医生为患者选用疗效相当但价格低廉的药物", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "最常见的幻觉是(  )。", "options": {"A": "幻视", "B": "幻嗅", "C": "幻听", "D": "幻触"}, "answer": "幻听", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,12岁。1个月前无明显诱因出现左胫骨近端肿痛,逐渐加重,皮肤表面静脉怒张,皮温增高。X线片见左胫骨近端呈溶骨性破坏,伴有骨膜日光放射表现。2.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨囊肿", "B": "骨巨细胞瘤", "C": "骨髓炎", "D": "骨肉瘤"}, "answer": "骨肉瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.正细胞性贫血细胞形态的改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "MCV90fl、MCH30pg、MCHC35%", "B": "MCV>94fl、MCH>32pg、MCHC35%", "C": "MCV<80fl、MCH<28pg、MCHC35%", "D": "MCV<80fl、MCH30pg、MCHC>32%"}, "answer": "MCV90fl、MCH30pg、MCHC35%", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某小学组织学生接种乙肝疫苗,有5学生因出现头痛、呕吐、四肢乏力因而送到医院就诊,首诊医师及时处置并报告医院有关部门,经医护人员解释、安抚后,39名学生未经治疗症状很快消失,5名学生仍感恶心,并伴有焦虑。医院组织专家会诊后排除了疫苗和其他躯体疾病所致。2.首诊医师及时处置并报告医院有关部门所遵循的伦理要求是(  )。", "options": {"A": "信息公开", "B": "耐心倾听", "C": "保守医密", "D": "恪尽职责"}, "answer": "信息公开", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一新生儿36周,体重2000g,家长咨询,生后什么时间给予铁剂预防贫血(  )。", "options": {"A": "生后3个月", "B": "生后2个月", "C": "生后4个月", "D": "生后5个月"}, "answer": "生后2个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,45岁。右肩背部肿痛4天,伴发热。体检:体温39.5℃,右肩背部有多个脓栓,中央部坏死呈火山口状。2.若行病灶切开引流,并全身应用抗生素治疗2周后,患处红肿明显好转。1天前开始突然出现寒战、高热,测体温40.0℃,并出现神志淡漠。查血常规示白细胞25.0×109/L。考虑病人是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全身性炎症反应性综合征", "B": "革兰阴性细菌所致全身性感染", "C": "真菌所致全身性感染", "D": "多器官功能不全综合征"}, "answer": "真菌所致全身性感染", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,45岁。突发右上腹疼痛6小时,发病前曾进食油腻食物,伴发热,无寒战,查体:T 39.6℃,P 130次/分,BP 86/60mmHg,神志清楚,巩膜黄染。心肺未见明显异常。右上腹压痛、反跳痛、肌紧张阳性。实验室检查:WBC 20×109/L。总胆红素110µmol/L,直接胆红素78µmol/L。腹部B超提示肝内外胆管扩张。该病人治疗的首要措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆道引流", "B": "保护肝功能", "C": "抗休克治疗", "D": "解痉镇痛"}, "answer": "胆道引流", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "腕关节的功能位是背伸(  )。", "options": {"A": "30°~40°", "B": "20°~25°", "C": "5°~15°", "D": "40°~50°"}, "answer": "20°~25°", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,重体力劳动工人,腰腿痛,并向左下肢放散,咳嗽、喷嚏时加重。检查腰部活动明显受限,并向左倾斜,直腿抬高试验阳性。病程中无低热、盗汗、消瘦症状。7.为证实诊断需要的检查首先是(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线平片", "B": "关节造影", "C": "核素扫描", "D": "CT检查"}, "answer": "X线平片", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于患支原体肺炎的患儿,首选抗生素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红霉素", "B": "青霉素", "C": "氨苄青霉素", "D": "庆大霉素"}, "answer": "红霉素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "用于治疗人破伤风的抗毒素血清对人是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗原", "B": "抗体", "C": "半抗原", "D": "抗原抗体复合物"}, "answer": "抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,28岁。药物流产后5天,高热伴右下腹疼痛1天。妇科检查:脓性白带,宫颈举痛,宫体如妊娠6周大小,右附件区有明显压痛。3.最适宜的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "等待宫颈分泌物", "B": "急诊剖腹探查", "C": "妇科手术处理", "D": "临床应用抗生素"}, "answer": "临床应用抗生素", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1,4,5-三磷酸肌醇(IP3)能够(  )。", "options": {"A": "使细胞膜钙泵活性增强", "B": "促进内质网中Ca2+释放至胞液", "C": "促进Ca2+与CaM结合", "D": "促进Ca2+与蛋白激酶C结合"}, "answer": "促进内质网中Ca2+释放至胞液", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列疾病中与朊病毒感染无关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "羊瘙痒病", "B": "亚急性硬化型全脑炎", "C": "库鲁病", "D": "传染性痴呆"}, "answer": "亚急性硬化型全脑炎", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,19岁,车祸致伤,来院急诊。查体:神志朦胧、咯血、口鼻均有泥砂夹血外溢,呼吸困难、烦躁不安,左胸侧严重擦伤、肿胀,心率98次/分,血压120/90mmHg,四肢活动尚可,左大腿中下段中度肿胀,有瘀斑和严重擦伤。此时最紧迫的抢救措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "输血", "B": "清除上呼吸道异物,保持呼吸道通畅", "C": "请胸外科医师会诊处理", "D": "左下肢夹板固定"}, "answer": "清除上呼吸道异物,保持呼吸道通畅", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.刺激壁细胞分泌盐酸的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃泌素", "B": "促胰液素", "C": "胆囊收缩素", "D": "乙酰胆碱"}, "answer": "胃泌素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "骨与关节结核病人,混合感染,发热,体质虚弱,最好的处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "穿刺抽脓,注入抗痨药物", "B": "抗结核药+抗化脓菌感染药物", "C": "小切口引流", "D": "彻底的病灶消除术"}, "answer": "小切口引流", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,35岁,黄疸、贫血伴关节酸痛3个月,体检检查巩膜黄染,脾肋下2cm,血红蛋白58g/L,白细胞5×109/L,网织红细胞计数25%,外周血涂片成熟红细胞形态正常,尿隐血试验阴性。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性白血病", "B": "肝癌骨髓转移", "C": "溶血性贫血", "D": "风湿性关节炎"}, "answer": "溶血性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于钠泵生理作用的描述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "钠泵活动使膜内外钠、钾离子均匀分布", "B": "将钠离子移出膜外,将钾离子移入膜内", "C": "建立势能储备,为某些营养物质吸收创建条件", "D": "细胞外高钠离子可维持细胞内外正常渗透压"}, "answer": "钠泵活动使膜内外钠、钾离子均匀分布", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "高处坠落致脊髓损伤的患者,来院后哪一项检查最能准确地确定脊髓损伤的平面(  )。", "options": {"A": "检查肢体的运动", "B": "检查感觉平面", "C": "MRI检查", "D": "X线平片"}, "answer": "MRI检查", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下叙述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "LFA-3的配体是LFA-2", "B": "ICAM-1、ICAM-2的配体是LFA-1", "C": "B7-1的配体是CD28分子", "D": "以上都对"}, "answer": "以上都对", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.心室肌2期复极平台期的离子机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "K+外流", "B": "Ca2+内流", "C": "Na+内流和K+外流", "D": "K+外流和Ca2+内流"}, "answer": "K+外流和Ca2+内流", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "可反映肝硬化患者肝功能的血清检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙氨酸氨基转换酶", "B": "γ-谷胺酰转氨酶", "C": "白蛋白", "D": "胆红素"}, "answer": "白蛋白", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,2岁,1周前无明显诱因发热,流泪、畏光,当地医院疑“上呼吸道感染”给予口服抗生素,4天后患儿病情加重,咳嗽,出现皮疹,今日来我院。体检见皮肤红色斑丘疹,双肺闻及湿啰音。诊断:麻疹合并肺炎。3.应采取何措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "注射青霉素", "B": "立即注射丙种球蛋白", "C": "立即接种麻疹疫苗", "D": "口服转移因子"}, "answer": "立即注射丙种球蛋白", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "为了及时治疗急性中毒,应根据下列哪项做出中毒诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "毒物接触史", "B": "临床表现", "C": "毒物鉴定分析", "D": "毒物接触史和临床表现"}, "answer": "毒物接触史和临床表现", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女孩,3岁。1个小时前被牵拉右前臂后哭闹不安,不肯用右手持物。查体:右前臂处于半屈旋前位,右肘部轻度压痛,无明显肿胀。X线检查未见明显异常。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "桡骨头半脱位", "B": "肘关节脱位", "C": "正中神经损伤", "D": "尺神经损伤"}, "answer": "桡骨头半脱位", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "判断是渗出液还是漏出液的主要依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "积液的颜色", "B": "积液数量的多少", "C": "积液的成分", "D": "有无静脉回流受阻"}, "answer": "积液的成分", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,21岁,舞蹈演员。8个月前,因同事偶尔说了句“最近胖了”遂采取各种措施节食,家人劝阻时,以食欲不佳等理由拒绝进餐,体重由以往54kg降至32kg(身高1.65m),近3个月来出现闭经,体检见皮肤干燥、苍白,形体消瘦,严重营养不良。2.宜行哪种治疗方案?(  )", "options": {"A": "补充维生素类", "B": "家庭治疗", "C": "认知治疗", "D": "心理治疗、营养支持治疗及适量精神药品"}, "answer": "心理治疗、营养支持治疗及适量精神药品", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者30岁,一年来有反复发作的瞪视不动,意识模糊,奔跑、游走等,持续约半小时逐渐清醒,过后对行为毫无记忆。其可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "杰克逊(Jackson)癫痫", "B": "精神分裂症", "C": "感染性精神病", "D": "复杂部分性癫痫发作"}, "answer": "复杂部分性癫痫发作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "传染病流行过程的基本条件是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病原体、感菌动物、易感人群", "B": "病原体、人体和它们所处的环境", "C": "传染源、传播途径、易感人群", "D": "传染源传播途径"}, "answer": "传染源、传播途径、易感人群", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于栓塞的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "进入血液的癌细胞均可形成转移灶", "B": "羊水栓塞不引起死亡", "C": "肺动脉血栓栓塞的栓子多来自下肢深静脉", "D": "减压病是氧气栓塞"}, "answer": "肺动脉血栓栓塞的栓子多来自下肢深静脉", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩,8岁。反复发热10余天,以发热待查收住院。其祖父患肺结核,该患儿因发热在院外每天用地塞米松5mg。体检:无明显阳性体征,结核菌素试验阴性。说明(  )。", "options": {"A": "已感染结核,但尚未产生变态反应", "B": "机体免疫反应受到抑制", "C": "重症结核病人假阴性", "D": "未接种过卡介苗"}, "answer": "机体免疫反应受到抑制", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.新生儿败血症,我国占第二位的病原菌(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄球菌", "B": "大肠杆菌", "C": "B群链球菌", "D": "变形杆菌"}, "answer": "大肠杆菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对结核性腹膜炎最有价值的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "PPD试验", "B": "结肠镜试验", "C": "血沉", "D": "腹腔镜+腹膜活检"}, "answer": "腹腔镜+腹膜活检", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.甲状腺素的主要不良反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "诱发心绞痛", "B": "粒细胞缺乏", "C": "甲状腺功能减退", "D": "血管神经性水肿"}, "answer": "诱发心绞痛", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "恶性淋巴瘤最典型的临床表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "无痛性淋巴结肿大", "B": "肝脾肿大", "C": "发热", "D": "贫血"}, "answer": "无痛性淋巴结肿大", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.非特异性酯酶阳性且被氟化钠抑制(  )。", "options": {"A": "急淋", "B": "急非淋M5", "C": "慢粒", "D": "慢淋"}, "answer": "急非淋M5", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "8个月女婴,频繁抽搐,高热4天,脑脊液检查:压力升高,外观微混,细胞数1200×109/L,中性粒细胞70%,淋巴细胞30%,糖2.2mmol/L,氯化物100mmol/L,该患儿首选治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "雷米封+链霉素", "B": "头孢三嗪", "C": "青霉素+庆大霉素", "D": "青霉素+氨苄青霉素"}, "answer": "头孢三嗪", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.花粉(  )。", "options": {"A": "引起Ⅰ型超敏反应", "B": "引起Ⅱ型超敏反应", "C": "引起Ⅲ型超敏反应", "D": "是Ⅰ型超敏反应的介质"}, "answer": "引起Ⅰ型超敏反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "治疗风湿性疾病的药物,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "青霉胺", "B": "布洛芬", "C": "环磷酰胺", "D": "PGE(前列腺素)"}, "answer": "PGE(前列腺素)", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "反式作用因子是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "RNA的某段序列", "B": "DNA的某段序列", "C": "mRNA的表达产物", "D": "作用于转录调控的蛋白质因子"}, "answer": "作用于转录调控的蛋白质因子", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "细菌性肝脓肿致病菌最常见的侵入途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "门静脉", "B": "肝总动脉", "C": "脐血管", "D": "胆道系统"}, "answer": "胆道系统", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一年轻患者,从敞篷卡车上摔下,枕部着地,颈部活动受限,下颈椎压痛明显,四肢迟缓性瘫痪,胸骨柄以下痛温觉消失,不能自行排尿.诊断考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈椎间盘突出症", "B": "颈椎骨折脱位并颈髓损伤", "C": "胸椎骨折并脊髓损伤", "D": "颈椎骨折脱位并臂丛神经与腰骶丛神经损伤"}, "answer": "颈椎骨折脱位并颈髓损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "6个月患儿,5天发热38~39℃,咳嗽,生后牛奶喂养,近2个月每天加鱼肝油2滴,出汗较多。体检:呼吸70次/分,心率190次/分,三凹征(+),两肺散在中细湿啰音,肝肋下3.5cm,枕秃、按压枕部有乒乓球感。正确的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管肺炎,呼吸衰竭", "B": "支气管肺炎,心力衰竭", "C": "支气管肺炎,佝偻病初期", "D": "支气管肺炎,心力衰竭,佝偻病激期"}, "answer": "支气管肺炎,心力衰竭,佝偻病激期", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某研究者为探讨脂肪摄入量与男性前列腺癌的关系,在社区内选择高脂肪和低脂肪摄入者各200名,从50岁开始对他们进行随访10年。在随访期间,高脂肪摄入组中有20人,低脂肪摄入者中有10人被诊断为前列腺癌。2.与低脂肪摄入组相比,高脂肪摄入组的前列腺癌的相对危险度(RR)是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1.5", "B": "0.75", "C": "2.0", "D": "0.05"}, "answer": "2.0", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于心动周期的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心室收缩期比心室舒张期长", "B": "房、室有共同收缩的时期", "C": "房、室有共同舒张的时期", "D": "心率增快时,心缩期与心舒期等比例缩短"}, "answer": "房、室有共同舒张的时期", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医学会在收到医疗事故双方当事人的材料后,经书面陈述及答辩之后,出具鉴定书的期限应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "7天内", "B": "10天内", "C": "15天内", "D": "45天内"}, "answer": "45天内", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一种成熟组织变成另一种成熟组织的过程称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "机化", "B": "钙化", "C": "分化", "D": "化生"}, "answer": "化生", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "7月初,6岁小儿突发高热,抽搐,昏迷,脑膜刺激征(土),初步诊为乙脑,首先要和哪一种疾病鉴别(  )。", "options": {"A": "中毒性菌痢", "B": "感染中毒性脑病", "C": "散发性脑炎", "D": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎"}, "answer": "中毒性菌痢", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在缺乏促甲状腺激素的情况下,甲状腺本身可适应碘的供应变化调节甲状腺激素的合成、释放,这种调节方式称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "体液调节", "B": "自身调节", "C": "前馈调节", "D": "反馈调节"}, "answer": "自身调节", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性重型病毒性肝炎的病理变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝细胞灶性坏死", "B": "毛细胆管淤胆", "C": "纤维组织增生", "D": "大量肝细胞坏死"}, "answer": "大量肝细胞坏死", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "成年人腹股沟管的长度应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "2~3cm", "B": "4~5cm", "C": "6~7cm", "D": "8~9cm"}, "answer": "4~5cm", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "为保障工人的健康,预防职业病的发生,按照《职业病防治法》的要求,某化工厂定期进行生产环境监测,为工人进行健康检查,建立健康档案并定期分析。以上所做的工作为(  )。", "options": {"A": "职业流行病学研究", "B": "现场劳动卫生学调查", "C": "生物监测", "D": "健康监护"}, "answer": "健康监护", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "布氏杆菌的致病物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "芽孢", "B": "荚膜", "C": "血浆凝固酶", "D": "链激酶"}, "answer": "荚膜", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.急进性肾炎常见(  )。", "options": {"A": "微小病变型肾病", "B": "毛细血管内增生性肾炎", "C": "新月体肾炎", "D": "系膜毛细血管性肾炎"}, "answer": "新月体肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于胃食管反流病胸痛的叙述,错误的(  )。", "options": {"A": "反流物刺激食管痉挛所致", "B": "疼痛不向他处放射", "C": "疼痛可为剧烈刺痛", "D": "有时可酷似心绞痛"}, "answer": "疼痛不向他处放射", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肠上皮细胞由肠腔吸收葡萄糖的过程属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯扩散", "B": "易化扩散", "C": "主动转运", "D": "出胞"}, "answer": "主动转运", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "34周早产儿,6天,出生后吃奶差,每次5毫升,每天喂奶3~4次,近两天来不吃、不哭、不动,于2005年8月入院。查体:体温33℃,面颊、四肢皮肤暗红色稍肿,冰凉,大腿外侧皮肤发硬,不能捏起,心率90次/分。3.首选的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗感染", "B": "恢复体温", "C": "抗休克", "D": "改善微循环"}, "answer": "恢复体温", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "杀灭包括芽孢在内所有微生物的方法称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "消毒", "B": "无菌", "C": "防腐", "D": "灭菌"}, "answer": "灭菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,25岁。发热、咽痛2天后出现肉眼血尿,血压130/70mmHg(17.3/9.4kPa),扁桃体Ⅱ度大、充血,余查体未见异常,血肌酐正常。3.确诊后,下述哪项治疗措施对患者最有利?(  )", "options": {"A": "积极控制感染", "B": "扁桃体切除术", "C": "口服雷公藤多苷", "D": "使用止血药"}, "answer": "积极控制感染", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于股骨颈骨折Garden分型错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅰ型,不完全骨折", "B": "Ⅱ型,完全骨折无移位", "C": "Ⅲ型,完全骨折部分移位", "D": "Ⅴ型,骨折脱位"}, "answer": "Ⅴ型,骨折脱位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "乳牙开始萌出的月龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "10~12个月", "B": "4~10个月", "C": "3~4个月", "D": "15~18个月"}, "answer": "4~10个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "DNA上的外显子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不被转录的序列", "B": "被转录,但不被翻译的序列", "C": "被转录也被翻译的序列", "D": "调节基因序列"}, "answer": "被转录也被翻译的序列", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于梅毒分期,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "根据病期分为早期梅毒和晚期梅毒", "B": "根据有无临床表现分为显发梅毒和潜伏梅毒", "C": "根据传播途径还可分为获得性和胎传梅毒", "D": "根据病期还可分为一期和二期梅毒"}, "answer": "根据传播途径还可分为获得性和胎传梅毒", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.急性缺血性脑卒中(心源性)起病24小时后的治疗应选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "重组人纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)", "B": "低分子肝素", "C": "阿司匹林", "D": "低分子右旋糖酐"}, "answer": "阿司匹林", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不符合急性心肌梗死胸痛特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "在体力活动或情绪激动当时发作,休息数分钟可缓解", "B": "胸痛比心绞痛更严重", "C": "持续时间长,含服硝酸甘油不缓解", "D": "可伴心力衰竭或心律失常"}, "answer": "在体力活动或情绪激动当时发作,休息数分钟可缓解", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "中性粒细胞主要功能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吞噬异物", "B": "产生抗体", "C": "释放细胞毒素", "D": "释放组胺"}, "answer": "吞噬异物", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,33岁。饥饿性上腹痛2年,进食后可缓解。胃镜检查:十二指肠溃疡愈合期。快速尿素酶试验阳性。最有效的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "奥美拉唑+枸橼酸铋钾+克拉霉素", "B": "法莫替丁+阿莫西林+克拉霉素", "C": "西咪替丁+克拉霉素+左氧氟沙星", "D": "奥美拉唑+阿莫西林+替硝唑"}, "answer": "奥美拉唑+阿莫西林+替硝唑", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "可以活化补体旁路途径的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌内毒素", "B": "抗原抗体复合物", "C": "单体IgG", "D": "MBL"}, "answer": "细菌内毒素", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对临床鉴别流行性乙型脑炎和流行性脑脊髓膜炎意义较大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发病季节", "B": "皮肤黏膜瘀点、瘀斑", "C": "是否出现病理反射", "D": "颅内压增高程度"}, "answer": "皮肤黏膜瘀点、瘀斑", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.钩端螺旋体病流行期间最多见的临床类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "流感伤寒型", "B": "黄疸出血型", "C": "肾衰竭型", "D": "脑膜脑炎型"}, "answer": "流感伤寒型", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,28岁。反复牙龈出血和月经增多半年。查体:轻度贫血貌,巩膜无黄染,肝脾肋下未触及,实验室检查:Hb 82g/L,RBC 4.0×1012/L,WBC 5.6×109/L,PLT 13×109/L,骨髓增生明显活跃,红系占36%,巨核细胞明显增多,产板型巨核细胞减少,骨髓内、外铁均减少。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溶血性贫血", "B": "慢性ITP合并缺铁性贫血", "C": "急性白血病", "D": "骨髓增生异常综合征"}, "answer": "慢性ITP合并缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "宫颈炎症与宫颈癌早期肉眼难以鉴别,确诊方法应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫颈刮片细胞学检查", "B": "宫颈碘试验", "C": "宫颈及宫颈管检查", "D": "氦激光肿瘤固有荧光诊断法"}, "answer": "宫颈刮片细胞学检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于球管平衡的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "近球小管对滤过液的重吸收率为65%~70%", "B": "肾小球滤过率随肾小管吸收率而变化", "C": "肾小球滤过率等于肾小管重吸收率", "D": "远曲小管重吸收率等于肾小球滤过率"}, "answer": "近球小管对滤过液的重吸收率为65%~70%", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "第三代头孢菌素的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "广谱及对绿脓菌、厌氧菌有效", "B": "对肾脏基本无毒性", "C": "耐药性产生快", "D": "A+B"}, "answer": "A+B", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "新生儿出生后4~6月时,体重每月增加(  )。", "options": {"A": "300~400g", "B": "500~600g", "C": "700~900g", "D": "900~1000g"}, "answer": "500~600g", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,50岁,呕吐、腹泻2天,意识模糊、烦躁不安半天急诊入院。查体:BP 110/70mmHg,神志恍惚,巩膜中度黄染,颈部可见数枚蜘蛛痣。心肺未见异常,腹软,肝肋下未触及,脾肋下3cm,双上肢散在出血点,Hb 90g/L,WBC 3.22×109/L,血糖7.0mmol/L,尿糖(+),尿酮(-),尿镜检(-)。3.如果患者躁动不安,可选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯巴比妥", "B": "地西泮", "C": "水合氯醛", "D": "异丙嗪"}, "answer": "异丙嗪", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是补体旁路活化途径中的C3转化酶?(  )", "options": {"A": "C4b2b", "B": "C3bBb", "C": "C3bBbP", "D": "D因子"}, "answer": "C3bBbP", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "卵巢性激素以胆固醇为原料的合成途径,正确是(  )。", "options": {"A": "雄激素→雌激素→孕激素", "B": "孕激素→雄激素→雌激素", "C": "雌激素→雄激素→孕激素", "D": "孕激素→雌激素→雄激素"}, "answer": "孕激素→雄激素→雌激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "心肌的异长调节通过改变下述哪项来调节心脏的泵血功能?(  )", "options": {"A": "肌小节初长", "B": "心肌收缩能力", "C": "肌浆游离Ca2+浓度", "D": "横桥ATP酶活性"}, "answer": "肌小节初长", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "重度有机磷农药中毒的表现,下述组合哪一项是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "瞳孔明显缩小、大汗、流涎、神志模糊、心动过速", "B": "瞳孔明显缩小、大汗、流涎、视力模糊、肌无力", "C": "瞳孔明显缩小、大汗、流涎、神志不清、发绀", "D": "瞳孔明显缩小、大汗、流涎、神志模糊、血压升高"}, "answer": "瞳孔明显缩小、大汗、流涎、神志模糊、血压升高", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.对DNA、RNA病毒均有抑制作用(  )。", "options": {"A": "碘苷", "B": "氟康唑", "C": "利巴韦林", "D": "灰黄霉素"}, "answer": "利巴韦林", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项不属于运动系统?(  )", "options": {"A": "丘脑", "B": "下运动神经元", "C": "锥体外系统", "D": "小脑系统"}, "answer": "丘脑", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "孕妇生殖道感染治疗的首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红霉素", "B": "多西环素", "C": "青霉素", "D": "阿莫西林"}, "answer": "红霉素", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "宫颈癌转移途径主要为(  )。", "options": {"A": "由下向子宫方向直接扩散", "B": "由上向下累及阴道壁", "C": "经淋巴向盆腔淋巴结转移", "D": "经体循环向肺、肾转移"}, "answer": "由上向下累及阴道壁", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,72岁。尿频、排尿困难、尿不成线半年余。曾发生急性尿潴留。经检查确诊为良性前列腺增生。肺、肝、肾功能检查未见异常。1.最佳的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "长期留置导尿管", "B": "服用5α-还原酶抑制剂", "C": "手术治疗", "D": "尿道扩张"}, "answer": "手术治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某孕妇,30岁。原无糖尿病,近期测空腹血糖在7.5mmol/L,餐后血糖在13.0mmol/L。下列诊断正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2型糖尿病", "B": "妊娠糖尿病", "C": "糖耐量异常", "D": "妊娠合并2型糖尿病"}, "answer": "妊娠糖尿病", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,10个月,生后反复患肺炎,2天前开始发热咳嗽、气促、烦躁不安。查体:口唇发绀,呼吸48次/分,心率198次/分,心音低钝,胸骨左级第3、4肋间可闻及Ⅲ级收缩期杂音,双肺中、小水泡音,肝肋下3.0cm,双足背轻度水肿。2.对其处置错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用利尿剂", "B": "静脉滴注抗生素", "C": "静脉注射钙剂", "D": "快速洋地黄化"}, "answer": "静脉注射钙剂", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.《医疗事故处理条例》规定,对60周岁以上的患者因医疗事故致残的,赔偿其残疾生活补助费的时间不超过(  )。", "options": {"A": "10年", "B": "15年", "C": "20年", "D": "30年"}, "answer": "15年", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,8岁,诊断为流行性脑脊髓膜炎脑膜脑炎型,出现昏迷、潮式呼吸、两侧瞳孔不等大。当前最迫切的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌肉注射苯巴比妥钠", "B": "应用有效抗生素", "C": "应用20%的甘露醇加压静滴", "D": "应用呼吸兴奋剂"}, "answer": "应用20%的甘露醇加压静滴", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心动周期中,左室内压升高速率最快的时相在(  )。", "options": {"A": "等容收缩期", "B": "心房收缩期", "C": "减慢射血期", "D": "快速充盈期"}, "answer": "等容收缩期", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,58岁,腹胀,食欲不振1月余。自消化内科转来,查体:腹部膨隆,移动性浊音(+),妇科检查,阴道后穹窿可触及结节,无触痛,子宫后位,大小正常,子宫左后方可触及质硬包块,边界及大小欠清。血CA125 1865U/mL。2.术后拟给药物治疗,最合适的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "孕激素类药物", "B": "GnRH-α", "C": "化疗药物", "D": "胸腺肽"}, "answer": "化疗药物", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一位心理学专家为了对一3岁幼儿做心理评估,去孩子所在的幼儿园观看该幼儿在游戏中的表现,这种心理评估的方法属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "自由式会谈法", "B": "现状调查法", "C": "控制观察法", "D": "自然观察法"}, "answer": "自然观察法", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "腰穿的禁忌证(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑动脉硬化", "B": "急性脊髓炎", "C": "颅后窝占位病变", "D": "神经系统炎症"}, "answer": "颅后窝占位病变", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,30岁,心慌、怕热、多汗、消瘦、易饿4个月,甲状腺弥漫性Ⅰ度肿大,血TSH降低,T3和T4增高,诊为甲亢。甲巯咪唑每天30mg,20d后血白细胞2.2×109/L,中性粒细胞1.0×109/L。下一步治疗甲亢宜选(  )。", "options": {"A": "核素131I治疗", "B": "甲巯咪唑与升白细胞药合用", "C": "改用丙硫氧嘧啶", "D": "白细胞恢复正常后立即手术治疗"}, "answer": "甲巯咪唑与升白细胞药合用", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性菌痢的病程应该超过的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2个月", "B": "1个月", "C": "半年", "D": "1年"}, "answer": "2个月", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "车祸造成右小腿中上段皮裂伤、短缩、成角畸形并有骨外露。1.来院后,首先应用哪一项理学检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "触诊", "B": "初诊", "C": "听诊", "D": "视诊"}, "answer": "视诊", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪一种物质不是生物活性肽(  )。", "options": {"A": "催产素", "B": "脑啡肽", "C": "血红素", "D": "促甲状腺素释放激素"}, "answer": "血红素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,62岁。胸痛2个月。胸部X线片检查发现右上肺外周3.0cm×2.5cm阴影。下列检查对确定诊断最有价值的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肿瘤标志物检测", "B": "CT或超声引导下经胸壁活检", "C": "胸部CT", "D": "支气管动脉造影"}, "answer": "CT或超声引导下经胸壁活检", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "与结核分枝杆菌致病性有关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "磷脂", "B": "蜡质D", "C": "硫酸脑苷脂", "D": "以上均是"}, "answer": "以上均是", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "低钾血症最初的表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌无力", "B": "呕吐", "C": "多尿", "D": "心脏传导失常"}, "answer": "肌无力", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.动脉粥样溃疡(  )。", "options": {"A": "夹层动脉瘤", "B": "多发性微小动脉瘤", "C": "真性动脉瘤", "D": "梭形动脉瘤"}, "answer": "夹层动脉瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,28岁。右上腹撞伤后腹痛2小时。查体:P 140次/分,R 24次/分,BP 80/40mmHg,神智清,面色苍白,双肺呼吸音清,腹部膨隆,腹式呼吸减弱,全腹压痛,以右上腹为著,伴反跳痛,肝区叩诊(+),诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "右肺损伤", "B": "肝脏损伤", "C": "十二指肠损伤", "D": "脾脏损伤"}, "answer": "肝脏损伤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于小儿神经纤维髓鞘化的描述,以下不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经纤维髓鞘化4岁才完成", "B": "婴儿期各种刺激引起的神经冲动传导缓慢", "C": "婴儿期神经冲动易于集中而形成兴奋灶", "D": "婴儿期大脑易于疲劳而进入睡眠状态"}, "answer": "婴儿期神经冲动易于集中而形成兴奋灶", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "产褥病率多发生在分娩24小时以后的几日内?(  )", "options": {"A": "8日", "B": "9日", "C": "10日", "D": "11日"}, "answer": "10日", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,8个月,腹泻4天,水样便,1日10余次。12小时无尿,呼吸深大,前囟眼窝明显凹陷,四肢凉。血钠127mmol/L,血钾4mmol/L,血钙2.25mmol/L,二氧化碳合力11.2mmol/L。1.该患儿的诊断是小儿腹泻伴(  )。", "options": {"A": "重度脱水酸中毒,低钾血症", "B": "中度等渗性脱水,酸中毒", "C": "重度低渗性脱水,酸中毒", "D": "中度低渗性脱水,酸中毒"}, "answer": "重度低渗性脱水,酸中毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.血浆中主要的蛋白酶抑制剂是(  )。", "options": {"A": "清蛋白", "B": "铜蓝蛋白", "C": "α1抗胰蛋白酶", "D": "α球蛋白酶"}, "answer": "α1抗胰蛋白酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.9岁小儿重度贫血的诊断指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血红蛋白144~120g/L", "B": "血红蛋白~60g/L", "C": "血红蛋白正常下限~90g/L", "D": "血红蛋白<30g/L"}, "answer": "血红蛋白<30g/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "强烈提示左心功能衰竭的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心尖部第一心音增强", "B": "A2亢进", "C": "舒张早期奔马律", "D": "开瓣音"}, "answer": "舒张早期奔马律", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,31岁,因长期出差,近半年来出现入睡困难,白日感头昏、全身乏力伴恶心感。曾服地西泮2片/晚,疗效不持久,此后曾多次改服催眠类药品,疗效不佳,为此紧张不安,不能有效工作,体检无异常,颅脑CT(-),否认精神疾病史。此病人诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经衰弱", "B": "焦虑症", "C": "失眠症", "D": "人格障碍"}, "answer": "失眠症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.苯的主要蓄积部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾脏", "B": "肝脏", "C": "骨髓", "D": "神经组织"}, "answer": "骨髓", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列知觉障碍最常见于精神分裂症的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "言语性听幻觉", "B": "嗅幻觉", "C": "视幻觉", "D": "触幻觉"}, "answer": "言语性听幻觉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "左锁骨上淋巴结活检病理报告为转移性腺癌,其原发病灶最不可能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺癌", "B": "胃癌", "C": "肝癌", "D": "胰腺癌"}, "answer": "肝癌", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,59岁。乏力伴心悸、多汗、手颤、易饿3个月,脾气暴躁。每天大便4~5次,不成形。体重下降6.0kg。查体:甲状腺Ⅱ度肿大、质软,心率110次/分,律齐,心音有力。2.目前确定诊断的主要检查项目是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结肠镜检查", "B": "胰岛素释放试验", "C": "甲状腺功能测定", "D": "甲状腺摄131I率"}, "answer": "甲状腺功能测定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是血红素合成障碍所致的贫血?(  )", "options": {"A": "缺铁性贫血", "B": "再生障碍性贫血", "C": "珠蛋白生成障碍性贫血", "D": "巨幼细胞贫血"}, "answer": "缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于朊粒,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "又称传染性蛋白粒子", "B": "对蛋白酶敏感", "C": "耐热", "D": "有传染性和致死性"}, "answer": "对蛋白酶敏感", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "蛋白质分子中氨基酸的排列顺序决定因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "tRNA", "B": "氨基酸的种类", "C": "mRNA分子中单核苷酸的排列顺序", "D": "核糖体"}, "answer": "mRNA分子中单核苷酸的排列顺序", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "股骨干下1/3骨折的典型移位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨折远端向前移位", "B": "骨折端向前成角移位", "C": "骨折远端向后移位", "D": "骨折远端向内移位"}, "answer": "骨折远端向后移位", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "“受试者根据自己的理解和感受,对一些意义不明的图象,墨迹做出回答,借以诱导出受试者的经验,情绪或内心冲突”称为一种(  )。", "options": {"A": "智力测试", "B": "投射测验", "C": "运动测验", "D": "感知测验"}, "answer": "投射测验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "公正不仅指形式上的类似,更强调公正的(  )。", "options": {"A": "本质", "B": "内容", "C": "基础", "D": "内涵"}, "answer": "内容", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "引起血管内溶血的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脾功能亢进", "B": "遗传性球形红细胞增多症", "C": "异常血红蛋白病", "D": "阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿"}, "answer": "阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,50岁。持续胸痛8小时,喘憋2小时入院。既往无高血压病史。查体:BP 150/70mmHg,端坐位,双肺可闻及少许细湿啰音,心界不大,心率110次/分,律齐,P2>A2。心电图示Ⅰ、aVL、V1~V5导联ST段抬高0.1~0.4mV。可见病理性Q波。3.该患者应慎用的药物治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉注射毛花苷丙", "B": "口服阿司匹林", "C": "静脉注射硝酸甘油", "D": "静脉注射呋塞米"}, "answer": "静脉注射毛花苷丙", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "髋关节脱位最多见的类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中心型脱位", "B": "后脱位", "C": "前脱位", "D": "合并髋臼骨折的脱位"}, "answer": "后脱位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "重型溃疡型结肠炎首选药物为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺糖皮质激素", "B": "水杨酸柳氮磺吡啶", "C": "抗生素", "D": "乳酸杆菌制剂"}, "answer": "肾上腺糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肾病综合征的临床表现不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋白尿", "B": "血尿", "C": "水肿", "D": "低蛋白血症"}, "answer": "血尿", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项对乙肝病毒感染具有保护作用?(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗HBs", "B": "抗HBe", "C": "抗核抗体", "D": "抗HBc"}, "answer": "抗HBs", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性充盈性尿失禁的常见病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "输尿管结石", "B": "前列腺增生", "C": "下尿路感染", "D": "直肠脱垂"}, "answer": "前列腺增生", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.患风疹时出疹与体温的关系是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热3~4天出皮疹,出疹期体温更高", "B": "发热后1天左右出皮疹,症状轻", "C": "高热3~5天,热退出疹", "D": "发热,服药后出皮疹,有瘙痒"}, "answer": "发热后1天左右出皮疹,症状轻", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.神经纤维锋电位下降支的形成是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "K+外流", "B": "K+平衡电位", "C": "Na+内流", "D": "Ca2+内流"}, "answer": "K+外流", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某男性糖尿病患者,72岁,腹泻3天,昏迷l天,体温37.3℃,血压80/60mmHg(10.6/8kPa),皮肤黏膜干燥,血糖40.5mmol/L,尿糖(+),尿酮体(士),该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖尿病酮症酸中毒", "B": "高渗性非酮症性糖尿病昏迷", "C": "乳酸酸中毒", "D": "脑血管意外"}, "answer": "高渗性非酮症性糖尿病昏迷", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,8岁,额部多发性疖肿,未治疗,红肿、扩大,弛张性高热,4天后臀部皮下又发现一肿块,疼痛、压痛明显,且有波动感。1.进一步确诊的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "臀部肿块B超检查", "B": "头部X线摄片", "C": "查血象", "D": "臀部肿块穿刺抽脓"}, "answer": "臀部肿块穿刺抽脓", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "补体激活后,形成的膜攻击复合物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "C5b67", "B": "C5b678", "C": "C3bnBbp", "D": "C5b6789"}, "answer": "C5b6789", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "6个月婴儿,女,发现表情呆滞2个月,易激惹,时有痉挛发作,每日约2~3次。体检:反应差,精神呆滞,头发黄褐色,皮肤白皙,尿有霉臭味,脑电图示较多棘慢波。1.该患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小运动型发作", "B": "婴儿痉挛症", "C": "苯丙酮尿症", "D": "黏多糖病"}, "answer": "苯丙酮尿症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于雌激素生理作用的描述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "促使子宫肌细胞增生和肥大", "B": "可协调FSH促进卵泡发育", "C": "是导致排卵的直接原因", "D": "可诱导LH高峰"}, "answer": "是导致排卵的直接原因", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.考核不合格的,暂停执业活动期满,再次进行考核,考核合格的允许(  )。", "options": {"A": "接受培训和继续医学教育", "B": "继续执业", "C": "注销注册", "D": "予以取缔"}, "answer": "继续执业", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是嘧啶核苷酸补救途径的主要酶?(  )", "options": {"A": "胸苷激酶", "B": "嘧啶磷酸核糖转移酶", "C": "尿苷激酶", "D": "氨基甲酰磷酸合成酶"}, "answer": "嘧啶磷酸核糖转移酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.医疗机构对本单位内被甲类传染病病人、病原携带者、疑似病人的密切接触者,应(  )。", "options": {"A": "予以隔离治疗,隔离期限根据医学检查结果确定", "B": "在指定场所进行医学观察和采取其他必要的预防措施", "C": "应当根据病情采取必要的治疗和控制传播措施", "D": "必须依照法律法规的规定实施消毒和无害化处置"}, "answer": "在指定场所进行医学观察和采取其他必要的预防措施", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "高血压患者的饮食注意下列哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "控制能量的摄入,提倡吃复合糖类", "B": "多饮食高蛋白", "C": "饮食钾、钙丰富而钠低的食品", "D": "严格控制盐的摄入量"}, "answer": "多饮食高蛋白", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不符合全肠外营养所用的营养液的要求的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "每日供氮应达0.2~0.24g/kg体重", "B": "氮(g)和热量之比为1:100kcal", "C": "含有适量的电解质、维生素和微量元素", "D": "补充适量的胰岛素和脂肪乳剂"}, "answer": "氮(g)和热量之比为1:100kcal", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.治疗手术后腹气胀和尿潴留可选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛果芸香碱", "B": "新斯的明", "C": "阿托品", "D": "异丙肾上腺素"}, "answer": "新斯的明", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在X线平片上,脊柱结核主要依据下述哪项与恶性肿瘤鉴别?(  )", "options": {"A": "是否有死骨", "B": "是否侵犯周围软组织", "C": "骨破坏的程度", "D": "是否侵犯椎间盘"}, "answer": "是否侵犯椎间盘", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不参与Ⅰ型超敏反应的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肥大细胞", "B": "浆细胞", "C": "树突状细胞", "D": "嗜酸粒细胞"}, "answer": "树突状细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "新生儿化脓性脑膜炎,脑膜刺激征不明显的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "机体的反应能力差", "B": "脑膜炎症不如年长儿强", "C": "颅缝及前囟未闭,对颅压升高起缓冲作用", "D": "颈肌尚不发达"}, "answer": "颅缝及前囟未闭,对颅压升高起缓冲作用", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下有关神经反射的说法,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "握持反射生后3~4个月消失", "B": "婴儿期腹壁反射不易引出", "C": "1岁巴氏征阳性属病理现象", "D": "新生儿提睾反射不易引出"}, "answer": "1岁巴氏征阳性属病理现象", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "为了保持稳定的pH,常在培养基中加入(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑菌剂", "B": "缓冲剂", "C": "还原剂", "D": "生长因子"}, "answer": "缓冲剂", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.神经垂体储存的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮质醇", "B": "肾上腺素", "C": "血管加压素", "D": "促甲状腺激素释放激素"}, "answer": "血管加压素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪项是肺癌血道转移最常见的部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑", "B": "肾上腺", "C": "骨", "D": "甲状腺"}, "answer": "脑", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "与Ⅰ型超敏反应发生无关的细胞(  )。", "options": {"A": "嗜酸性粒细胞", "B": "嗜中性粒细胞", "C": "CD4+Th2细胞", "D": "B细胞"}, "answer": "嗜中性粒细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.具有高等学校医学专业本科学历,报考执业医师资格考试的,需要在医疗、预防、保健机构中工作满一定年限,该年限是(  )。", "options": {"A": "5年", "B": "1年", "C": "4年", "D": "2年"}, "answer": "1年", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.肾脏移植后发生在几周内的排斥反应的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "超急排斥反应", "B": "急性细胞排斥反应", "C": "慢性排斥反应", "D": "迟发型排斥反应"}, "answer": "急性细胞排斥反应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某患者因发热而入院,疑患伤寒。肥达反应结果是TO1,80;TH1,40、PA(-)、PB(-),2周后再次做肥达反应,其结果是TO1,160;TH1,320;PA1,40;PB1,40。试问此患者可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤寒恢复期", "B": "伤寒感染期", "C": "伤寒早期", "D": "曾注射预防疫菌"}, "answer": "伤寒感染期", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "恶性高血压的病理特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾毛细血纤维样坏死", "B": "大、中动脉粥样硬化", "C": "肾脏纤维化", "D": "肾小动脉纤维样坏死"}, "answer": "肾小动脉纤维样坏死", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "髋关节后脱位的典型畸形是髋关节(  )。", "options": {"A": "屈曲、内收、内旋", "B": "屈曲、内收、外旋", "C": "屈曲、外展、外旋", "D": "屈曲、外旋"}, "answer": "屈曲、内收、内旋", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.哪项是含量最少的Ig(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgG", "B": "IgD", "C": "IgA", "D": "IgE"}, "answer": "IgE", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "冬季,1岁男孩,发热、呕吐、腹泻3天,体温38℃,每日腹泻10次左右,呈蛋花汤样,无腥臭,1天来尿少,10小时无尿。查体:眼窝、前囟深陷,皮肤干燥,弹性极差,肢端凉。大便镜检偶见白细胞,血钠132mmol/L。2.最可能的病原为(  )。", "options": {"A": "轮状病毒", "B": "侵袭性大肠杆菌", "C": "鼠伤寒沙门菌", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "轮状病毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于缩血管神经纤维的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "都属于交感神经纤维", "B": "去甲肾上腺素与α肾上腺素能受体结合,可导致血管平滑肌收缩", "C": "兴奋时,引起缩血管效应", "D": "体内几乎所有的血管都受交感缩血管纤维和副交感舒血管纤维双重支配"}, "answer": "体内几乎所有的血管都受交感缩血管纤维和副交感舒血管纤维双重支配", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "病人坚持不在床上睡,坐于走廊,是因为感到床在运动,此症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "妄想", "B": "非真实感", "C": "幻觉", "D": "空间感知综合障碍"}, "answer": "幻觉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,40岁,汽车上跌下,左枕部着地,出现进行性意识障碍,继以右侧瞳孔散大,诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左额颞硬膜外血肿", "B": "左额颞硬膜下血肿", "C": "右额颞硬膜外血肿", "D": "右额颞硬膜下血肿"}, "answer": "右额颞硬膜下血肿", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,24岁,腹泻2天,大便每日10余次,为稀水样,呕吐4次,无发热、腹痛及里急后重。发病前3天曾去过有腹泻流行的江南海滨农村,并曾多次饮生水。体检:体温36.5℃,血压85/60mmHg,中度脱水貌。粪便镜检见少量白细胞及红细胞,粪便悬滴镜检见运动力很强的细菌。1.此患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌性痢疾", "B": "阿米巴痢疾", "C": "霍乱", "D": "胃肠型食物中毒"}, "answer": "霍乱", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "40岁男性,腰痛伴右下肢放射痛2个月,反复发作,与劳累有关,咳嗽,用力排便时可加重疼痛。查体右直腿抬高试验40°阳性,加强试验阳性,X线片示:腰4~5椎间隙变窄。1.其最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰3横突综合征", "B": "腰椎管狭窄症", "C": "腰椎间盘突出症", "D": "梨状肌综合征"}, "answer": "腰椎间盘突出症", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "变性蛋白质的主要特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不易被蛋白酶水解", "B": "溶解性增加", "C": "生物学活性降低", "D": "共价键被破坏"}, "answer": "生物学活性降低", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列属于补体系统缺陷导致的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾小球肾炎", "B": "接触性皮炎", "C": "遗传性血管神经性水肿", "D": "桥本甲状腺炎"}, "answer": "遗传性血管神经性水肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心理咨询的意义不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "防治心身疾病", "B": "政治思想教育的重要手段", "C": "促进健康长寿", "D": "心理卫生知识的传播途径"}, "answer": "政治思想教育的重要手段", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.不协调性子宫收缩乏力时应采用的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌肉注射哌替啶", "B": "静脉滴注缩宫素", "C": "人工破膜", "D": "阴道内应用前列腺素栓"}, "answer": "肌肉注射哌替啶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,60岁。直肠癌切除术后4天。晨起时突发左下肢肿胀,左腿皮温增高,股三角区有深压痛。最可能的诊断是左下肢(  )。", "options": {"A": "血栓性浅静脉炎", "B": "动脉栓塞", "C": "深静脉血栓形成", "D": "淋巴水肿"}, "answer": "深静脉血栓形成", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.以躁狂和抑郁症状迅速交替(数小时内)为特征,躁狂、抑郁均突出,至少持续2周(  )。", "options": {"A": "环性心境障碍", "B": "恶劣心境障碍", "C": "双相障碍混合性发作", "D": "抑郁发作"}, "answer": "双相障碍混合性发作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "初产妇,平素月经规律,妊娠42周多3天。检查;LOA,胎头已入盆;B超检查提示胎头双顶径9.1cm,羊水暗区3.2cm;NST无反应。宫颈Bioshop评分8分,胎心140次/min。2.下列哪一项不是过期妊娠剖宫产的决定因素?(  )", "options": {"A": "宫颈成熟度", "B": "引产失败", "C": "胎儿窘迫", "D": "巨大儿"}, "answer": "宫颈成熟度", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "5岁女,肘关节半屈位跌倒,手掌着地,致肱股髁上伸直型骨折,远骨折断端向后上方与桡侧移位,手法复位时,下述哪一项操作是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "拔伸牵引,充分矫正短缩移位与成角移位", "B": "充分矫正旋转移位", "C": "充分矫正远侧段的向后移位", "D": "必须完全矫正桡侧方移位"}, "answer": "必须完全矫正桡侧方移位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男孩,11岁,体格检查发现心脏有杂音而就诊。血压105/75mmHg,胸骨左缘未扪及震颤,在左侧第2肋间闻及Ⅱ-Ⅲ级收缩期喷射性杂音,肺动脉第二音亢进。胸片示梨形心脏,右心房、右心室增大,肺动脉段饱满,主动脉结小,肺纹理增多。ECG示电轴右偏,V1呈rsR′型。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "肺动脉狭窄"}, "answer": "房间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,12岁。确诊为左肱骨下端骨肉瘤,行截肢手术后2个月,出现胸痛。x线片显示:右肺上叶转移性肿瘤,其转移途径可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "通过淋巴管转移", "B": "通过动脉转移", "C": "通过静脉转移", "D": "通过神经转移"}, "answer": "通过静脉转移", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是补体不具备的作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "溶菌和细胞毒作用", "B": "中和毒素作用", "C": "调理和免疫粘附作用", "D": "溶解某些病毒"}, "answer": "中和毒素作用", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪项为目前国内最常见的细菌性痢疾病原菌?(  )", "options": {"A": "福氏痢疾杆菌", "B": "宋氏痢疾杆菌", "C": "舒氏痢疾杆菌", "D": "志贺痢疾杆菌"}, "answer": "福氏痢疾杆菌", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.细菌性痢疾(  )。", "options": {"A": "溃疡长轴与肠的长轴平行", "B": "溃疡口小底大,呈烧瓶状", "C": "肠黏膜有大小不等溃疡,严重者至肠腔狭窄", "D": "溃疡大小形状不一,呈地图状"}, "answer": "溃疡大小形状不一,呈地图状", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,35岁,半年前母突然病故,此后失眠、情绪低沉、不愿与人交往。近3个月来独处时常听见有声音对她讲话,说母病故与某人有关,故多次给公安机关写信反映母被害之事,后来又感到自己的思维、情感不由自己支配,自己的想法还未说出已人人皆知,常独自哭泣。神经系统检查未见异常,有慢性肝炎病史3年,目前肝功ALTSOU/L。1.该患者没有出现的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "被害妄想", "B": "强制性思维", "C": "情感低落", "D": "言语性幻听"}, "answer": "强制性思维", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "双胍类口服降糖药最严重的副作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃肠道反应,口苦", "B": "低血糖", "C": "腹泻", "D": "乳酸酸中毒"}, "answer": "乳酸酸中毒", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿腕骨骨化中心出全的年龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "6岁", "B": "5岁", "C": "8岁", "D": "10岁"}, "answer": "10岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某学生,2l岁,失眠半年,近1个月来学习成绩下降,不愿上课,不愿与他人交往,追问原因说:“大家都对我有偏见,讽刺的话让我受不了,去饭堂打饭时,他们故意咳嗽,是嘲笑我吃的太多,连学校的广播也议论我的事。”此病人的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "关系妄想", "B": "思维被洞悉感", "C": "罪恶妄想", "D": "象征性思维"}, "answer": "关系妄想", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,52岁。慢性咳嗽、咳痰5年余,冬季好发,仍能坚持上班。近因胃溃疡大出血急诊手术治疗。手术后第1天出现呼吸困难进行性加重,伴发热。有冠心病史,平素无症状。动脉血气分析(呼吸空气):pH 7.48,PaCO2 4.0kPa(30mmHg),PaO2 6.7kPa(50mmHg),Qs/Qt 32%。胸片两肺血管纹理增粗,普遍模糊。2.如果患者常规胸片阴性,关于ARDS诊断,下列哪种意见是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "排除ARDS", "B": "不排除ARDS", "C": "72~96小时后重复胸片随访", "D": "X线片对其诊断根本无价值"}, "answer": "不排除ARDS", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "第三代磺酰脲类降糖药较一、二代有何特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "改善高血压", "B": "有抗利尿作用,可用于尿崩症", "C": "纠正脂质代谢紊乱", "D": "使血小板黏附力减弱,数目减少,刺激纤溶酶原合成"}, "answer": "使血小板黏附力减弱,数目减少,刺激纤溶酶原合成", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "阑尾最常发生的肿瘤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋巴瘤", "B": "类癌", "C": "腺癌", "D": "纤维肉瘤"}, "answer": "类癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性腹膜炎最主要的临床症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹痛", "B": "发热", "C": "腹泻", "D": "腹胀"}, "answer": "腹痛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,20岁。因发热伴明显头痛、呕吐2天,神志恍惚半天,于1月5日来诊。1个月前由外地前来打工,生活条件差。查体:T 39.5℃,P 120次/分,BP 130/80mmHg,神志恍惚、烦躁,皮肤散在皮疹,压之不褪色,颈抵抗,Kernig征(+)。实验室检查:血WBC 21×109/L,N 0.89。CSF检查:压力200mmH2O,有核细胞25000×106/L,多核0.95,蛋白升高,糖、氯化物降低。首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核性脑膜炎", "B": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "C": "病毒性脑膜炎", "D": "乙型脑炎"}, "answer": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.小儿重度贫血(  )。", "options": {"A": "Hb140~120g/L", "B": "Hb120~90g/L", "C": "Hb90~60g/L", "D": "Hb60~30g/L"}, "answer": "Hb60~30g/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪一项为锥体束损害的体征?(  )", "options": {"A": "Kernig征", "B": "Romberg征", "C": "BruDzinski征", "D": "Babinski征"}, "answer": "Babinski征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "依据《侵权责任法》,医务人员实施手术前应当向患者说明的事项是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医疗纠纷处理方式", "B": "替代医疗方案", "C": "承担赔偿责任的情形", "D": "复印病例资料范围"}, "answer": "替代医疗方案", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于贫血的病理生理基础,下述哪一项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "红细胞内2,3-DPG含量减少", "B": "ST段压低,T波倒置", "C": "性功能减退,月经紊乱", "D": "心脏扩大,脉压加大"}, "answer": "红细胞内2,3-DPG含量减少", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "哪项是椎基底动脉系统短暂性脑缺血发作最常见的症状?(  )", "options": {"A": "复视", "B": "耳鸣和耳聋", "C": "眩晕", "D": "跌倒发作"}, "answer": "眩晕", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.从经济和价值观念出发,在一定时期内、一定价格水平上人们愿意而且有能力消费\n的卫生服务量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卫生服务需求", "B": "卫生服务需要", "C": "卫生服务利用", "D": "卫生服务购买"}, "answer": "卫生服务需求", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于心身关系,你认为最正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心身统一论", "B": "神灵支配论", "C": "心身还原论", "D": "心身平行论"}, "answer": "心身统一论", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "已婚妇女,32岁,停经58天,阴道流血7天,尿hCG阳性,诊断为异位妊娠。最具特征性的B超检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "盆腔有积血", "B": "子宫旁见液性暗区", "C": "子宫腔外见胚囊样结构及胎心搏动", "D": "宫腔内见胚囊样结构"}, "answer": "子宫腔外见胚囊样结构及胎心搏动", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下依赖cAMP的蛋白激酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "受体型TPK", "B": "PKG", "C": "PKC", "D": "PKA"}, "answer": "PKA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,62岁,诊断为胃癌,血压160/100mmHg,中度贫血,消瘦,术前准备不是必要的项目是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纠正贫血", "B": "改善营养状态", "C": "血压降至正常", "D": "血生化检查"}, "answer": "血压降至正常", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "由于大脑弥漫性器质性损害,导致的智能各个方面障碍为(  )。", "options": {"A": "部分性痴呆", "B": "心因性痴呆", "C": "全面性痴呆", "D": "童样痴呆"}, "answer": "全面性痴呆", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对违反献血法规定,向医疗机构提供不符合国家规定标准的血液的血站,应当(  )。", "options": {"A": "由县级以上卫生行政部门处以罚款", "B": "由县级以上卫生行政部门责令改正", "C": "依法赔偿", "D": "依法追究刑事责任"}, "answer": "由县级以上卫生行政部门责令改正", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,30岁。十二指肠溃疡3年。8小时前突发上腹部疼痛。查体:全腹肌紧张,压痛、反跳痛(+)。立位腹部X线平片示右侧膈下游离气体。继发感染的常见细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "B": "肺炎克雷伯杆菌", "C": "大肠埃希菌", "D": "铜绿假单胞菌"}, "answer": "大肠埃希菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,70岁。因胆总管结石急诊行胆总管探查术后1周。T形管每天引流约400~600mL。最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝脏功能障碍", "B": "肝内胆管结石", "C": "胆总管T形管引流通畅", "D": "胆总管下端不通畅"}, "answer": "胆总管下端不通畅", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某患者上呼吸道感染静脉滴注青霉素,护士按操作规程给予用药。第二天用完药,患者回到家中感到不适,3小时后加重,急送医院抢救,无效死亡。家属认为是青霉素过敏致死,反映到市卫生局。经市鉴定委员会鉴定,认为医院没有责任,卫生局依此做出处理。1.该患者死亡事件的性质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医疗技术事故", "B": "医疗责任事故", "C": "医疗意外", "D": "难以避免的并发症"}, "answer": "医疗意外", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,35岁。吸烟10年,每天1包烟,不想戒烟。他说:“就算生病我也不会把烟戒掉。”按照行为改变阶段模式,其属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "行动阶段", "B": "准备阶段", "C": "打算转变阶段", "D": "无打算阶段"}, "answer": "无打算阶段", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,27岁,家住沈阳。于12月突然发病,表现为发冷、寒战、高热、大汗后而缓解,隔日发作1次,已10天。体检:脾肋下1cm,余未见异常。末梢血化验:白细胞5.0×109/L,中性0.68,淋巴0.32,血红蛋白100g/L,血培养(-)。患者同年8月曾去海南旅游半个月。哪项为该患者发热最可能的原因?(  )", "options": {"A": "急性血吸虫病", "B": "疟疾", "C": "伤寒", "D": "急性粒细胞性白血病"}, "answer": "疟疾", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新生儿常见生理现象不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "生理性黄疸", "B": "生理性体重下降", "C": "假月经", "D": "呼吸暂停"}, "answer": "呼吸暂停", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.亚基解聚时(  )。", "options": {"A": "一级结构破坏", "B": "二级结构破坏", "C": "四级结构破坏", "D": "空间结构破坏"}, "answer": "四级结构破坏", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者肾综合征出血热,多尿期,近日表现为乏力、腹胀、心悸,经诊察,确诊为低钾血症,主要是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "多尿", "B": "进食不足", "C": "肾上腺坏死", "D": "甲亢"}, "answer": "多尿", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有些人在面对应激事件时易采用“钻牛角尖”的方式应对,这种应对方式属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "自我防御反应", "B": "行为反应", "C": "生理反应", "D": "认知反应"}, "answer": "认知反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "提示小儿缺氧的胎动计数是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎动:<10次/12小时", "B": "胎动:<8次/12小时", "C": "胎动:<7次/12小时", "D": "胎动:<5次/12小时"}, "answer": "胎动:<10次/12小时", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿咳嗽变异性哮喘诊断的基本条件是(  )。", "options": {"A": "咳嗽持续", "B": "咳嗽反复发作", "C": "有个人或家庭过敏史", "D": "用支气管扩张剂可使咳嗽发作缓解"}, "answer": "用支气管扩张剂可使咳嗽发作缓解", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某患者凌晨因心脏病发作被送入医院抢救,但不幸于当天上午8点死亡,下午3时,患者家属要求查阅病历,院方以抢救时间紧急,尚未补记病历为由未予提供,引起家属不满,投诉至卫生局。根据《卫生事故处理条例》规定,卫生局应给予医院的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "限期整顿", "B": "责令整改", "C": "吊销执业许可证", "D": "警告"}, "answer": "责令整改", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对病毒性肝炎下述哪一项是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "慢性活动性肝炎均有乙型肝炎病毒引起", "B": "甲型肝炎无慢性带毒状态", "C": "丙型肝炎不会发展成肝硬化", "D": "肝细胞癌与慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染无关"}, "answer": "甲型肝炎无慢性带毒状态", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,24岁。在工厂流水线工作时,电锯切割致左手食指离断。对断指的正确的保持方法是用无菌纱布包好放置在(  )。", "options": {"A": "干燥冷藏容器中", "B": "酒精中", "C": "福尔马林溶液中", "D": "冰箱冷冻室中"}, "answer": "干燥冷藏容器中", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "血尿伴膀胱刺激症状最常见于下列哪种疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "膀胱肿瘤", "B": "急性前列腺炎", "C": "急性膀胱炎", "D": "肾癌"}, "answer": "急性膀胱炎", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为糖尿病病人最基础的治疗措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "饮食治疗", "B": "适当体育锻炼", "C": "双胍类降血糖药", "D": "胰岛素"}, "answer": "饮食治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项关于恶性肿瘤发生发展的叙述是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "癌症是一种基因病", "B": "常为多阶段演进过程", "C": "单个基因改变即可引起细胞恶性转变", "D": "既有癌基因改变,又有肿瘤抑制基因改变"}, "answer": "单个基因改变即可引起细胞恶性转变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,45岁,甲亢,131I治疗后出现下述症状,其中不是131I治疗的并发症的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "便秘", "B": "甲状腺肿大更加明显", "C": "浮肿", "D": "突眼加重"}, "answer": "甲状腺肿大更加明显", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,35岁。妊娠35+2周,2周前血压升高至160/100mmHg,未治疗。现突然持续腹痛、逐渐加重,感头晕、恶心、阴道有少量流血。查体:T 36.8℃,P 120次/分,BP 100/60mmHg,呼吸急促。面色苍白,腹部隆起,板状腹,胎方位不清,未闻及胎心。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎盘早剥", "B": "妊娠合并急性胰腺炎", "C": "临产伴急性阑尾炎", "D": "先兆子宫破裂"}, "answer": "胎盘早剥", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,17岁。高热3天,咳铁锈色痰,伴胸痛。查体:右肺下叶叩诊浊音,语音震颤增强,听诊可闻及支气管呼吸音;X线见大片致密阴影;细菌学检查,铁锈色痰中检出多量肺炎双球菌。诊断为大叶性肺炎。请判断病变进展可能处于哪一期?(  )", "options": {"A": "充血水肿期", "B": "红色肝样变期", "C": "灰色肝样变期", "D": "溶解消散期"}, "answer": "红色肝样变期", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "干酪性肺炎的基本病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病变以增生为主,中央有干酪样坏死", "B": "一个或多个厚壁空洞", "C": "纤维包裹的境界分明的干酪样坏死灶", "D": "肺泡纤维素渗出,广泛的干酪样坏死"}, "answer": "肺泡纤维素渗出,广泛的干酪样坏死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,22岁,半年前起病,表现为有时头痛、头昏,部位不定,未予处理,话多,要办一个一千人的工厂,要当经理,周游全世界,有好几个女朋友,情绪高涨。诊断为躁狂症,经碳酸锂、氯丙嗪治疗后症状消失。神经系统检查无异常。2个月后意识清楚,情感淡漠,话少动作缓慢,不洗澡不换衣服,记忆力好,无自杀观念,阵发性剧烈头痛,用头撞墙,每次半小时左右。曾癫痫大发作一次,喷射性呕吐一次。神经系检查:眼底视乳头水肿,右侧肢体肌张力增高,巴氏征阳性。脑电图示中度异常,大量病理高波幅O波,左侧较多。脑超声波示中线向右移0.3cm。1.哪项为首选检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "头部CT", "B": "抑郁症评定量表", "C": "复查脑电图", "D": "躁狂症评定量表"}, "answer": "头部CT", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某人的肺通气量为7500ml/min,呼吸频率为20次/分,无效腔气量125ml,每分钟肺血流为5L,则通气/血流比值应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "0.7", "B": "0.9", "C": "1.0", "D": "1.1"}, "answer": "1.0", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不属于医学心理学研究分支的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "临床心理学", "B": "发展心理学", "C": "神经心理学", "D": "护理心理学"}, "answer": "发展心理学", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪项不是奥美拉唑的不良反应?(  )", "options": {"A": "头晕、失眠", "B": "口干、恶心", "C": "胃黏膜出血", "D": "男性乳房女性化"}, "answer": "胃黏膜出血", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "指出下述哪一种是戊型肝炎病毒的主要传播途径?(  )", "options": {"A": "蚊虫叮咬传播", "B": "注射、输血", "C": "唾液传播", "D": "粪一口传播"}, "answer": "粪一口传播", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,30岁,突发四肢乏力不适1天,下肢明显。发病前有饮酒史,既往曾发作2次,每次发作腰穿检查脑脊液,常规及生化无异常发现。查体:四肢肌力减低,肌张力下降,腱反射消失,感觉正常。首先考虑的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性多发性神经根炎", "B": "急性脊髓炎", "C": "周期性瘫痪", "D": "脊髓肿瘤"}, "answer": "周期性瘫痪", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于营养性巨幼细胞性贫血,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "网织红细胞计数常减少", "B": "中性粒细胞数血小板数常减低", "C": "中性粒细胞变大并有分叶过多现象", "D": "以上皆是"}, "answer": "以上皆是", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,38岁。发热2周,胸闷5天。无咳嗽、咳痰、咯血,曾使用“头孢曲松”抗感染治疗无效。查体:T 37.8℃,BP 140/90mmHg。右下肺呼吸音消失,语音共振减弱。胸部X线片示右下肺大片状高密度增高影,上缘呈外高内低弧形,为明确诊断,应首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸腔穿刺抽液", "B": "胸部CT", "C": "血肿瘤标志物", "D": "超声心动图"}, "answer": "胸腔穿刺抽液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.在肺源性心脏病治疗中可引起碱中毒的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸兴奋剂", "B": "强心剂", "C": "镇静剂", "D": "血管扩张剂"}, "answer": "呼吸兴奋剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "6个月,婴儿发热萎靡,查体:面色发灰,前囟紧张膨隆,脑膜刺激征阴性,巴氏征阴性。白细胞增高,中性粒细胞增高。为确定诊断最重要的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头颅MRI检查", "B": "脑电图检查", "C": "脑脊液检查", "D": "血糖测定"}, "answer": "脑脊液检查", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,35岁。总担心发生与现实不符的危险,而整日总坐立不安。其临床表现属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "恐惧症状", "B": "抑郁症状", "C": "强迫症状", "D": "焦虑症状"}, "answer": "恐惧症状", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "具有过敏毒素作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "G5a", "B": "C3", "C": "I因子", "D": "H因子"}, "answer": "G5a", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3岁女孩,近2个月来低热、盗汗,精神、食欲差,PPD(+++),全身未找到结核灶,胸部X线检查未见异常。可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核感染", "B": "卡介苗反应", "C": "继发性肺结核", "D": "结核性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "结核感染", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项为慎独要求中根本性的、首要的要求?(  )", "options": {"A": "无人监督时注意不违背医德", "B": "有不正确思想干扰时注意加以抵制", "C": "坚持从小事上点点滴滴做起", "D": "坚持医德修养的高度自觉性、坚定性、一贯性"}, "answer": "坚持医德修养的高度自觉性、坚定性、一贯性", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.具有运输内源性甘油三酯的血浆脂蛋白是(  )。", "options": {"A": "VLDL", "B": "IDL", "C": "LDL", "D": "HDL"}, "answer": "VLDL", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2岁男孩,持续高热伴咳嗽6天,加重1天,烦躁、气促,青霉素治疗无效。体检:体温39.5℃,口唇青紫,三凹征明显,呼吸65次/min,心率160次/min,气管略右移,左背下部呼吸音低,叩诊浊音,肝肋下2cm,X线胸片示:两肺散在斑片状阴影,左肺下部密度均匀升高,可见自外上向内下的反抛物线状边缘。1.本病例最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "B": "支原体肺炎", "C": "腺病毒性肺炎", "D": "呼吸道合胞病毒性肺炎"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "活动后左腰部绞痛,伴肉眼血尿、恶心、呕吐。首先考虑的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "泌尿系结石", "B": "慢性肾炎", "C": "泌尿系肿瘤", "D": "肾结核"}, "answer": "泌尿系结石", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肝素不具有以下何种作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "降脂作用", "B": "抗炎作用", "C": "溶栓作用", "D": "抗凝作用"}, "answer": "溶栓作用", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "阈刺激指(  )。", "options": {"A": "阈值", "B": "阈强度", "C": "强度阈", "D": "阈强度的刺激"}, "answer": "阈强度的刺激", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.女,29岁。3个月前剖宫产分娩,现行母乳喂养,首选的避孕方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服避孕药", "B": "阴茎套", "C": "宫内节育器", "D": "安全期避孕"}, "answer": "阴茎套", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "传染病的防治原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "管理传染源,切断传播途径,保护易感人群", "B": "管理食物、水源、粪便,消灭蚊蝇", "C": "切断社会因素和自然因素", "D": "环境卫生管理,水源食物管理,灭蝇"}, "answer": "管理传染源,切断传播途径,保护易感人群", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "支气管肺炎合并急性心衰的诊断依据不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "心率突然增快,>160次/min", "B": "极度烦躁不安", "C": "肝脏迅速增大", "D": "呼吸突然加快,>50次/min"}, "answer": "呼吸突然加快,>50次/min", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.最易与陈旧性宫外孕相混淆的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性阑尾炎", "B": "输卵管卵巢囊肿", "C": "稽留流产", "D": "子宫穿孔"}, "answer": "输卵管卵巢囊肿", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列氨基酸中能转化生成儿茶酚胺的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "色氨酸", "B": "脯氨酸", "C": "酪氨酸", "D": "天冬氨酸"}, "answer": "酪氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.病毒性心肌炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "患者血压明显升高,体检:血压200/130mmHg(26.6/16.9kPa),眼底出血渗出、视盘水肿,实验室报告:肾功能不全", "B": "患者平日有心悸、胸痛、劳力时气促、起立或运动对眩晕,体检:胸骨左缘第3~4肋间可闻较粗糙的喷射性收缩期杂音,屏气时杂音增强", "C": "患者1周前出现发热,全身无力,现自觉心悸、胸闷,体检:心率l20/min,偶闻室性期前收缩,实验室回报CPK、GOT(AST)、LDH增高", "D": "患者气急,端坐呼吸,体检:心脏扩大,听诊可闻及第四心音奔马律,双下肢水肿,超声心动图报告:左心室腔明显扩大"}, "answer": "患者1周前出现发热,全身无力,现自觉心悸、胸闷,体检:心率l20/min,偶闻室性期前收缩,实验室回报CPK、GOT(AST)、LDH增高", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某人出现血钠升高,血钾下降,全身血容量增加,血压升高,以下原因最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "交感—肾上腺髓质活动加强", "B": "激肽系统活动加强", "C": "醛固酮增加", "D": "甲状腺激素增加"}, "answer": "醛固酮增加", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,63岁,2年前出现严重脑卒中遗留偏瘫症状,近1年病情经常波动。记忆力明显下降,情绪不稳定。常发脾气,有时一点小事就哭笑。近3个月明显多疑,认为有人偷他的东西,老伴对他不忠心有外遇,给他下毒谋财害命,还凭空听到有人骂他和议论他的声音,心情低落,有自杀观念。检查发现记忆力属很差水平,计算力和理解力明显下降。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "抑郁症", "C": "人格障碍", "D": "脑血管病所致精神障碍"}, "answer": "脑血管病所致精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,32岁,长期乏力求医。血红蛋白77g/L,平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度26%,平均红细胞体积63μm3,网织红细胞数2.0%,血清铁5μmol/L(280μg/L),总铁结合力4980μg/L。2.最恰当的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖皮质激素", "B": "雄性激素", "C": "口服铁剂", "D": "口服叶酸,肌内注射维生素B12"}, "answer": "口服铁剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "DIC时微血管内的血栓称(  )。", "options": {"A": "混合血栓", "B": "白色血栓", "C": "附壁血栓", "D": "透明血栓"}, "answer": "透明血栓", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项不能产生肠毒素?(  )", "options": {"A": "白喉杆菌", "B": "霍乱弧菌", "C": "产毒性大肠杆菌", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "白喉杆菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "精神分裂症的强迫症状与强迫性神经病的鉴别是前者(  )。", "options": {"A": "强迫症状明显", "B": "缺乏自知力及痛苦感", "C": "起病缓慢", "D": "与情绪有关"}, "answer": "缺乏自知力及痛苦感", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,45岁,新诊断糖尿病,体型较胖,空腹血糖在6.0~7.0mmol/L,餐后血糖在13.0~15.0mmol/L。治疗应首选哪种药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "格列吡嗪(美吡达)", "B": "格列齐特(达美康)", "C": "格列喹酮(糖适平)", "D": "二甲双胍"}, "answer": "二甲双胍", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "体液免疫的效应包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "中和作用", "B": "补体介导的细胞溶解作用", "C": "抗体依赖细胞介导的细胞毒性作用", "D": "以上全都是"}, "answer": "以上全都是", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "指出下列哪种是戊型肝炎病毒的主要传播途径?(  )", "options": {"A": "注射、输血", "B": "蚊虫叮咬传播", "C": "唾液传播", "D": "粪—口传播"}, "answer": "粪—口传播", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,59岁,2型糖尿病史16年。二甲双胍0.25和及格列齐特80mg,3/d,糖尿病控制良好。近2个月感乏力、体重下降4~5kg。肠镜检查发现乙状结肠癌拟行手术治疗。围手术期糖尿病处理恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "改用精蛋白锌胰岛素", "B": "改用短效胰岛素", "C": "胰岛素及胰岛素增敏剂联合治疗", "D": "改用α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制药"}, "answer": "改用短效胰岛素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.睁眼困难(  )。", "options": {"A": "外展神经损害", "B": "动眼神经损害", "C": "面神经损害", "D": "舌下神经损害"}, "answer": "动眼神经损害", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "补体经典途径激活的顺序是(  )。", "options": {"A": "C12345-9", "B": "C12435-9", "C": "C14235-9", "D": "C13245-9"}, "answer": "C14235-9", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "初孕妇,24岁。妊娠38周,血压170/110mmHg,尿蛋白(+++),突然抽搐,后昏迷,首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "引产", "B": "积极控制抽搐,病情控制2小时后终止妊娠", "C": "积极治疗,24小时内行剖宫产", "D": "控制抽搐,稳定病情,至自然分娩"}, "answer": "积极控制抽搐,病情控制2小时后终止妊娠", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "可以引起菌血症的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肉毒梭菌", "B": "霍乱弧菌", "C": "白喉棒状杆菌", "D": "伤寒沙门菌"}, "answer": "伤寒沙门菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,28岁。既往月经规律,现停经45天,发现阴道流出少量咖啡色物2天,无腹痛,尿hCG(+)。3.最需要鉴别的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫内膜癌", "B": "异位妊娠", "C": "子宫肌瘤", "D": "功能失调性子宫出血"}, "answer": "异位妊娠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,23岁。近半年来脑子里总是反复考虑某些事情,知道没必要考虑,但是仍然没有办法控制。该患者应该用何种药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "氯米帕明", "B": "丙咪嗪", "C": "多虑平", "D": "氯丙咪嗪"}, "answer": "氯米帕明", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,35岁。发热20余天就诊。体温在38℃左右。体检:腹部饱满,腹壁柔韧感,全腹轻度压痛及反跳痛。肝脾肋下未扪及,移动浊音(+)。血白细胞2×109/L,中性粒细胞0.75,淋巴细胞0.25。3.确诊后,下述哪项处理不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "适当休息,增加营养", "B": "联合使用抗结核药物", "C": "治疗初期应加用肾上腺皮质激素", "D": "无严重并发症,一般不必手术"}, "answer": "治疗初期应加用肾上腺皮质激素", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "普萘洛尔没有下述哪个作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "收缩血管", "B": "松弛支气管平滑肌", "C": "降低心肌耗氧量", "D": "减少肾素释放"}, "answer": "松弛支气管平滑肌", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,35岁,半年前母突然病故,此后失眠、情绪低沉、不愿与人交往。近3个月来独处时常听见有声音对她讲话,说母病故与某人有关,故多次给公安机关写信反映母被害之事,后来又感到自己的思维、情感不由自己支配,自己的想法还未说出已人人皆知,常独自哭泣。神经系统检查未见异常,有慢性肝炎病史3年,目前肝功ALTSOU/L。2.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "反应性精神病", "B": "神经衰弱", "C": "精神分裂症伴抑郁症状", "D": "躯体疾病所致精神障碍"}, "answer": "精神分裂症伴抑郁症状", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,18岁,近1个月来乏力明显,周身酸痛,四肢皮肤瘀斑,血红蛋白由110g/L降至60g/L,白细胞1.7×109/L,中性粒细胞占25%,淋巴细胞占75%,血小板15×109/L。网织红细胞0.5%。2.如果骨髓象示增生极度低下,粒红系增生低下,巨核细胞未见,网织红细胞0.1%,Ham试验(-),治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "如有合适供者,尽早骨髓移植", "B": "免疫抑制剂", "C": "输血维持", "D": "脾切除"}, "answer": "如有合适供者,尽早骨髓移植", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,50岁。半小时前处坠落。上下肢完全不能活动,双侧腹股沟水平以下感觉障碍,大小便失禁。CT显示椎体爆裂骨折,椎管内可见骨折块。目前应选择的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "石膏固定", "B": "平卧硬板床", "C": "手术治疗", "D": "牵引治疗"}, "answer": "手术治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,28岁,妊娠性高血压,用硫酸镁注射降压,突然血压过低,6.67/4kPa(50/30mmHg)。应当立即给静脉注射哪种药物(  )。", "options": {"A": "去甲肾上腺素", "B": "氯化钙", "C": "麻黄素", "D": "多巴胺"}, "answer": "氯化钙", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于胃泌素的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "分泌细胞存在于胃体和胃窦粘膜内", "B": "蛋白质消化产物是引起胃泌素释放的主要因素", "C": "刺激壁细胞分泌的作用很强", "D": "胃窦内pH值降低抑制其分泌"}, "answer": "分泌细胞存在于胃体和胃窦粘膜内", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.上述哪项是癫痫大发作首选的药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "苯妥英钠", "B": "苯巴比妥", "C": "卡比多巴", "D": "维生素B6"}, "answer": "苯妥英钠", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "初期处理火器伤清创后哪一伤口应做一期缝合?(  )", "options": {"A": "臀部", "B": "膝关节腔", "C": "腰部", "D": "手掌"}, "answer": "膝关节腔", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "发现颅盖线形骨折时,应特别注意(  )。", "options": {"A": "线形骨折常合并对冲部位血肿", "B": "线形骨折常合并硬膜下血肿", "C": "线形骨折常合并严重脑挫裂伤", "D": "通过脑膜血管沟或静脉窦时,应注意有无颅内血肿发生"}, "answer": "通过脑膜血管沟或静脉窦时,应注意有无颅内血肿发生", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,48岁。患慢性肾炎多年。近2个月来恶心、呕吐。体检:血压20/13kPa(150/98mmHg),血红蛋白65g/L,BUN 15mmol/L,Cr 400μmol/L。1.本例最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性肾炎急性发作型", "B": "慢性肾炎高血压型", "C": "慢性肾功能不全氮质血症期", "D": "慢性肾功能不全尿毒症期"}, "answer": "慢性肾功能不全氮质血症期", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于胰岛素的作用下述哪一项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "促进葡萄糖利用,抑制糖原分解和产生", "B": "抑制蛋白质合成,抑制氨基酸进入细胞", "C": "促进脂肪合成,抑制脂肪分解", "D": "促进钾进入细胞,降低血钾"}, "answer": "抑制蛋白质合成,抑制氨基酸进入细胞", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对败血症的病人,抽血送培养的时间最好选择在(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热开始时", "B": "发热高峰时", "C": "寒战发热时", "D": "寒战结束时"}, "answer": "寒战发热时", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "治疗重症胰腺炎合并肠麻痹的患者时,不宜应用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗生素", "B": "抑酸药", "C": "抗胆碱药", "D": "抑制胰酶活性药"}, "answer": "抗胆碱药", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于超抗原的性质的叙述,恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "与自身免疫无关", "B": "无需APC加工可直接与MHC-Ⅱ分子结合", "C": "有严格的MHC限制性", "D": "内源性抗原存在于所有哺乳动物体内"}, "answer": "无需APC加工可直接与MHC-Ⅱ分子结合", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,48岁,突发高热,39度,伴寒战。自述头痛、乏力、全身酸痛。查体可见眼结膜充血,双侧腓肠肌压痛,腹股沟、腋窝淋巴结肿大。当地正流行“钩端螺旋体病”。最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤寒", "B": "钩端螺旋体病", "C": "流行性出血病", "D": "败血症"}, "answer": "钩端螺旋体病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.组织损伤后,由其临近的健康细胞分裂增生完成修复的过程称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "化生", "B": "分化", "C": "再生", "D": "增生"}, "answer": "再生", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,29岁,因有机磷中毒入院治疗,在治疗过程中出现阿托品中毒,应立即给予(  )。", "options": {"A": "输液及毛果芸香碱", "B": "呋塞米", "C": "利他林(哌甲酯)", "D": "阿托品"}, "answer": "输液及毛果芸香碱", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,42岁。乏力、纳差、腹胀伴发热8天,于8月8日来诊。开始为低热,近3天高热,体温波动于39~39.8℃。查体:T 39℃,P 80次/分,躯干散在少数充血性皮疹,脾肋下可及。实验室检查:血WBC 3.6×109/L,N 0.60,L 0.40。最可能感染的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立克次体", "B": "沙门菌", "C": "大肠埃希菌", "D": "布鲁菌"}, "answer": "沙门菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.手外伤的清创术应争取在伤后什么时间内进行(  )。", "options": {"A": "6~8小时", "B": "24小时", "C": "36小时", "D": "96小时"}, "answer": "6~8小时", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "射血分数是指每搏输出量和下列哪项的百分比?(  )", "options": {"A": "心输出量", "B": "体表面积", "C": "心室收缩末期容量", "D": "心室舒张末期容量"}, "answer": "心室舒张末期容量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.陈旧性坏死周边部钙盐沉积(  )。", "options": {"A": "钙化", "B": "空洞", "C": "机化", "D": "溶解吸收"}, "answer": "钙化", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于缺氧缺血性脑病,以下不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发生于窒息的足月儿", "B": "脑组织的水肿,软化,坏死和出血为主要病变", "C": "轻症以兴奋症状常见,重症以抑制症状常见", "D": "因脑缺氧不宜用镇静药"}, "answer": "因脑缺氧不宜用镇静药", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "引起虎斑心的病变,属于下述哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "黏液变性", "B": "脂肪变性", "C": "水样变性", "D": "玻璃变性"}, "answer": "脂肪变性", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "《药品管理法》对医疗机构配制的制剂有一系列规定,下列哪项不符合上述规定?(  )", "options": {"A": "应当是本单位临床需要而市场上没有供应的品种", "B": "可以部分在市场销售", "C": "必须按照规定进行质量检验", "D": "不得在市场销售"}, "answer": "可以部分在市场销售", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,26岁。妊娠8周,阵发性下腹痛2天,阴道少量流血5小时,为决定是否继续妊娠。最有价值的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "检测血清甲胎蛋白值", "B": "尿妊娠试验", "C": "检测血清雌三醇值", "D": "B超检查"}, "answer": "B超检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "器官移植中下列哪项正确(  )。", "options": {"A": "不需ABO血型符合", "B": "不需HLA—DR抗原一致", "C": "靶抗原只是HLAⅠ类抗原", "D": "供体最好从同胞中筛选"}, "answer": "供体最好从同胞中筛选", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5.T0N1M0的TNM分期为(  )。", "options": {"A": "0期", "B": "Ⅱ期", "C": "Ⅲ期", "D": "Ⅳ期"}, "answer": "Ⅱ期", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,48岁,既往有冶游史,25岁时有皮肤损害,31岁时结婚,妻子第二年怀孕流产,3年前因精神因素呈兴奋状态,大声喊叫,焦虑、苦闷、坐立不安,夜间看见一个人腾云驾雾。躯体检查:无特殊体征。神经系统检查:右瞳孔缩小,光反射消失,面神经不全麻痹,手指及眼睑轻微震颤,右上肢霍夫曼征(+)。精神检查:有幻听,“耳边听到滔滔不绝说话声,发出粗鲁的谩骂声”,记忆力减退,情绪低落,易激动。3.治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗梅毒+抗精神病", "B": "脑血管病治疗", "C": "抗抑郁", "D": "按老年痴呆治疗"}, "answer": "抗梅毒+抗精神病", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.雄激素的生理作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使阴道上皮细胞增生角化", "B": "使阴道上皮细胞脱落加快", "C": "促进阴毛与腋毛生长", "D": "抑制腺垂体促卵泡刺激素分泌"}, "answer": "促进阴毛与腋毛生长", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哪一种喹诺酮类药比较适用于肺部感染?(  )", "options": {"A": "氧氟沙星", "B": "诺氟沙星", "C": "培氟沙星", "D": "吡哌酸"}, "answer": "氧氟沙星", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "呼吸衰竭的血气诊断标准是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉血氧饱和度(SaO2)低于90%", "B": "pH<7.35", "C": "动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)高于50mmHg", "D": "动脉血氧分压(PaO2)低于60mmHg"}, "answer": "动脉血氧分压(PaO2)低于60mmHg", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.上述哪项是氨基酸的吸收的途径?(  )", "options": {"A": "嘌呤核苷酸循环", "B": "γ-谷氨酰基循环", "C": "鸟氨酸循环", "D": "丙氨酸葡萄糖循环"}, "answer": "γ-谷氨酰基循环", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,50岁。双下肢水肿十余年,晨轻暮重,无眼睑水肿和泡沫尿。查体:BP130/70mmHg,双肺呼吸音清,心界不大,心率87次/分,律齐。腹软,肝脾肋下未触及,移动性浊音阴性,双下肢见凹陷性水肿,浅静脉呈蚯蚓状改变。该患者下肢水肿的最可能原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "下肢静脉压升高", "B": "心肌收缩力降低", "C": "血浆晶体渗透压降低", "D": "淋巴液回流受阻"}, "answer": "下肢静脉压升高", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.胚胎性肿瘤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癌", "B": "肉瘤", "C": "母细胞瘤", "D": "霍奇金病"}, "answer": "母细胞瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,56岁的心房颤动患者,突然发生命名物品困难。2周来共发生过5次,每次持续2~15s。查体无神经系统异常。脑CT无异常。3.最佳的预防治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿司匹林", "B": "右旋醣酐-40", "C": "丙戊酸钠", "D": "胞磷胆碱"}, "answer": "阿司匹林", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,24岁,因发热2周伴咳嗽、纳差,用青霉素及卡那霉素治疗1周无效于8月20来诊。查T 39.6℃,P 88次/分,面色苍白,清,两肺散在湿性啰音,腹胀,脾侧及。WBC 4.0X109/L,N 76%,M 8%,L 16%。1.诊断应首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "粟粒性肺结核", "B": "伤寒", "C": "斑疹伤寒", "D": "败血症"}, "answer": "伤寒", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "合成VLDL的主要场所是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾脏", "B": "肝脏", "C": "小肠黏膜", "D": "血浆"}, "answer": "肝脏", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "注射青霉素引起过敏性休克,血压下降,是由血管活性物质引起的生物学效应,这种休克的发生是由下列哪项效应引起的?(  )", "options": {"A": "支气管平滑肌收缩", "B": "毛细血管扩张", "C": "血管通透性增加", "D": "趋化白细胞"}, "answer": "毛细血管扩张", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男孩,3岁。发热伴咳嗽3天,加重伴呼吸困难1天,自服抗生素治疗。查体:T 39℃,嗜睡,精神反应差,躯干可见散在脓疱疹,呼吸急促,双肺可闻及散在中、小水泡音。实验室检查:血WBC 18×109/L,N 0.85,L 0.12。2.患儿今起病突然加重,出现高热及呼吸困难加重。查体:T 39.5℃,R 40次/分,烦躁不安,鼻扇,出现三凹征,面色苍白,唇周发绀,心率140次/分,心音有力,律齐,无奔马律,右肺呼吸音减低,肝脾无增大。最可能的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脓胸或脓气胸", "B": "中毒性脑病", "C": "急性心力衰竭", "D": "中毒性心肌炎"}, "answer": "脓胸或脓气胸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,70岁,高中文化,患糖尿病,高血压多年,有脑卒中病史10多年,近2年来出现话多,常为重复话题,情绪不稳,计算力逐渐减退,有时不能算出100以内的减法,自觉记忆力下降明显,此病人最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "遗忘综合征", "B": "阿尔茨海默病", "C": "血管性痴呆", "D": "假性痴呆"}, "answer": "血管性痴呆", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "长期全胃肠外营养治疗一般采用的置管静脉是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小隐静脉", "B": "大隐静脉", "C": "锁骨下静脉", "D": "股静脉"}, "answer": "锁骨下静脉", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3岁男孩,发现水肿1月,尿常规:蛋白(+++)红细胞2~4个/高倍视野。血浆蛋白25g/L,胆固醇9.6mmol/L。3.治疗6个月复发两次,进一步治疗可考虑应用(  )。", "options": {"A": "中长程激素治疗", "B": "中药加利尿剂", "C": "激素加免疫抑制剂", "D": "免疫抑制剂"}, "answer": "激素加免疫抑制剂", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肾小球滤过的动力是(  )。", "options": {"A": "出球小动脉血压", "B": "肾动脉血压", "C": "血浆胶体渗透压", "D": "有效滤过压"}, "answer": "有效滤过压", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.血友病患者可能出现的凝血因子异常是(  )。", "options": {"A": "缺少凝血因子Ⅲ和Ⅹ", "B": "缺少凝血因子Ⅲ和Ⅴ", "C": "缺少凝血因子Ⅷ和Ⅸ", "D": "缺少凝血因子Ⅳ和Ⅶ"}, "answer": "缺少凝血因子Ⅷ和Ⅸ", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,60岁。被家人发现昏迷在浴室内,浴室使用燃气热水器。查体:皮肤潮红,瞳孔大小正常,口唇樱桃红色。最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙醇中毒", "B": "一氧化碳中毒", "C": "有机磷杀虫药中毒", "D": "阿托品中毒"}, "answer": "一氧化碳中毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "经产妇,31岁。现妊娠35周。查体:BP120/80mmHg,宫底35cm,胎心136次/分,空腹血糖6.2mmol/L,尿糖(+)。2年前因妊娠8个月死胎行引产术。2.经控制饮食2周后,空腹血糖6.1mmol/L,胎心136次/分,无应激试验无反应型。此时最恰当的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "间断吸氧", "B": "自行胎动计数", "C": "立即终止妊娠", "D": "胎儿生物物理评分"}, "answer": "立即终止妊娠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.上述维生素参与转氨基的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素B1", "B": "维生素B6", "C": "维生素PP", "D": "叶酸"}, "answer": "维生素B6", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于蛋白质三级结构的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "涉及整条肽链所有原子在三维空间的排布位置", "B": "三级结构的稳定性主要靠次级键维系", "C": "具有三级结构的多肽链都具有生物学活性", "D": "天然蛋白质分子均有这种结构"}, "answer": "具有三级结构的多肽链都具有生物学活性", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "新生儿败血症常见的临床表现,以下不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神差,拒乳", "B": "黄疸退而复现或进行性加重", "C": "腹胀,肝脾肿大", "D": "均有高热,体温达39.0℃以上"}, "answer": "均有高热,体温达39.0℃以上", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,30岁,工程师,大学文化,一年前独自到树林中迷路时,听到两个割草人在谈话:“在树林中看到一头黑熊。”找这两个人时旁边一个人都没有,四处寂静无声。后来在车间工作时看到了自己家墙上的钟和图画,或者“就是现在眼前”或者“在头脑里面”。有时耳边听到一群不工作的人放肆地大量喝酒。对妻子到医院探视抱有憎恨,认为医生要毒死他。躯体检查无异常。1.该患者考虑诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "脑器质性精神病", "C": "人格障碍", "D": "抗抑郁治疗"}, "answer": "精神分裂症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不符合湿性坏疽的描述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "合并腐败菌感染", "B": "常有全身中毒症状", "C": "坏疽组织呈污秽黑褐色", "D": "坏死组织与健康组织之间界限清楚"}, "answer": "坏死组织与健康组织之间界限清楚", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.日本血吸虫病主要病变是肝脏与肠道的肉芽肿,引起此病变的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "虫卵", "B": "母胞蚴", "C": "子胞蚴", "D": "尾蚴"}, "answer": "虫卵", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.中心静脉压低、血压低(  )。", "options": {"A": "血容量不足", "B": "容量血管过度收缩", "C": "心功能不全,血容量正常", "D": "心功能不全或血容量不足"}, "answer": "血容量不足", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "30岁已婚女,因3个月来脓性白带量多、有异味,偶有性交出血就诊。妇科检查发现宫颈重度糜烂。医生准备为她做宫颈细胞学检查,在向她做以下的解释中哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "宫颈细胞学检查可以确诊宫颈是否癌变", "B": "宫颈细胞学检查最好每1~3年一次", "C": "细胞病理学报告有传统的巴氏分级和TBS分级", "D": "如果细胞学异常,应进行阴道镜检查和必要的活检"}, "answer": "宫颈细胞学检查可以确诊宫颈是否癌变", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于下肢丹毒临床表现的描述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "在中央部的表面有脓栓", "B": "局部多呈紫红色", "C": "界限清楚", "D": "局部硬肿"}, "answer": "界限清楚", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "引起幼儿腹泻最常见的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "柯萨奇病毒", "B": "ECHO病毒", "C": "轮状病毒", "D": "腺病毒"}, "answer": "轮状病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.DIC消耗性低凝血期(  )。", "options": {"A": "血小板增加", "B": "纤维蛋白原降低", "C": "PT缩短", "D": "Hb降低"}, "answer": "纤维蛋白原降低", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在原发性肾小球肾炎的病理分型中,预后最好的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "微小病变", "B": "系膜毛细血管性病变", "C": "膜性肾病", "D": "局灶节段性病变"}, "answer": "微小病变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.腓神经麻痹的步态是(  )。", "options": {"A": "跨阈步态", "B": "划圈样步态", "C": "剪刀状步态", "D": "慌张步态"}, "answer": "跨阈步态", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.在SLE中,阳性率最高的抗体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗Sm抗体", "B": "抗核抗体", "C": "抗SS-A抗体", "D": "抗磷脂抗体"}, "answer": "抗核抗体", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医生使用药物结束一位符合安乐死条件的病人的痛苦生命,称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "自杀安乐死", "B": "医助安乐死", "C": "被动安乐死", "D": "主动安乐死"}, "answer": "主动安乐死", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "临床应用抗Rh+抗体预防新生儿溶血症发生的原理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗体的负反馈调节作用", "B": "独特型免疫网络调节作用", "C": "补体的调节作用", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "抗体的负反馈调节作用", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,74岁。反复咳嗽,咳痰30年,一周前呼吸道感染入院。自觉胸闷,增加吸氧浓度出现昏睡,原因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "血氨升高", "B": "二氧化碳潴留", "C": "脑器质性病变", "D": "神经功能障碍"}, "answer": "二氧化碳潴留", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪一个药物不宜单独用于治疗嗜铬细胞瘤?(  )", "options": {"A": "β受体阻断剂", "B": "酚妥拉明", "C": "α-甲基问酪氨酸", "D": "哌唑嗪"}, "answer": "β受体阻断剂", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,20岁,1型糖尿病,两天来出现恶心、面潮红、呼吸深快,渐发生神志模糊以致昏迷,诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳酸性酸中毒", "B": "呼吸性酸中毒", "C": "糖尿病酮症酸中毒", "D": "糖尿病高渗昏迷"}, "answer": "糖尿病酮症酸中毒", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,38岁。间断活动后尿色加深1周,既往反复痛风发作2年。查体:BP 120/80mmHg,尿常规:40~50/HP,WBC 3~5/HP,尿蛋白(-)。首选的进一步检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿脱落细胞检查", "B": "尿红细胞形态", "C": "清洁中段尿培养", "D": "肾穿刺活检"}, "answer": "尿红细胞形态", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,54岁,风心病伴左心衰竭患者,应用洋地黄3周后出现频发多源性室性早搏。2.根据病情应选用下列哪种药为妥?(  )", "options": {"A": "普鲁卡因胺", "B": "丙吡胺", "C": "苯妥英钠", "D": "美多心胺"}, "answer": "苯妥英钠", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.询问病史的伦理要求是(  )。", "options": {"A": "积极进取,保证安全", "B": "精诚团结,密切协作", "C": "耐心倾听,正确引导", "D": "关心体贴,减少痛苦"}, "answer": "耐心倾听,正确引导", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "彩色的视觉后像是(  )。", "options": {"A": "比原像光度暗淡", "B": "原像颜色的补色", "C": "与原像颜色相同", "D": "比原像更明亮些"}, "answer": "原像颜色的补色", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "因结核引起的支气管扩张最好发的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主支气管", "B": "上叶前段", "C": "上叶尖后段", "D": "下叶基底段"}, "answer": "上叶尖后段", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.《医疗事故处理条例》规定,残疾生活补助费应根据伤残等级,自定残之月起最长赔偿(  )。", "options": {"A": "5年", "B": "10年", "C": "15年", "D": "30年"}, "answer": "30年", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪项是抗利尿激素的主要作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "提高远曲小管和集合管对水通透性", "B": "促进近球小管对水重吸收", "C": "提高内髓部集合管对尿素的通透性", "D": "增强髓袢升支粗段对NaCl的重吸收"}, "answer": "提高远曲小管和集合管对水通透性", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3岁患儿,曾多次患肺炎,平时无发绀。体检:心前区隆起,心尖搏动弥散,胸骨左缘第2肋间闻及3/6级粗糙的连续性机器样杂音,向颈部传导,有连续性震颤,有水冲脉。6.如果此患儿心尖部仅闻及收缩期杂音,提示合并(  )。", "options": {"A": "感染性心内膜炎", "B": "主动脉瓣关闭不全", "C": "肺动脉高压", "D": "相对性二尖瓣狭窄"}, "answer": "肺动脉高压", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,40岁。餐后突发右上腹及剑突下痛,放射到右肩及后背部,2小时后疼痛剧烈,伴恶心,并吐出所进食物,仍不缓解,急诊就医。数年胃病史及胆石病史,间有胆绞痛发作。查体:痛苦病容,体温37.2℃,呼吸28次、分,浅快,律齐。全腹胀,上腹肌紧张,压痛反跳痛(+),移动性浊音(±),白细胞12×109/L,血红蛋白125g/L,尿淀粉酶400U(温氏法正常值32U)。2.排除该项诊断的最主要根据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "患者有持续腹痛", "B": "上腹部存在肌紧张、反跳痛", "C": "患者体温轻度升高", "D": "患者有腹胀"}, "answer": "上腹部存在肌紧张、反跳痛", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某女,突发寒战、高热,伴腹痛、腹泻,腹泻十余次,粪便质少,为黏液脓血便,便细菌培养痢疾杆菌阳性。便常规:脓液(++),红细胞6个/HP,白细胞满视野。该病人治疗应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "先锋霉素", "B": "氟哌酸", "C": "氯霉素", "D": "病毒唑(利巴韦林)"}, "answer": "氟哌酸", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1岁男孩,多汗,夜惊。查体:前囟门2cm×2cm,方颅,出牙2个,串珠明显。血钙2mmoL/L(8mg/dl),钙×磷=28。应采用哪一项治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服维生素D剂400IU/日及钙剂", "B": "补充钙剂", "C": "口服维生素D剂800IU/日及钙剂", "D": "注射维生素D330万Iu,每2周注射1次,共2次,并口服钙剂"}, "answer": "注射维生素D330万Iu,每2周注射1次,共2次,并口服钙剂", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "卵巢浆液性肿瘤来源于(  )。", "options": {"A": "卵巢的生发上皮,向输卵管上皮分化", "B": "卵巢的生发上皮,向宫颈黏膜分化", "C": "卵巢的生发上皮,向子宫内膜分化", "D": "卵巢的生发上皮,发生逆转现象"}, "answer": "卵巢的生发上皮,向输卵管上皮分化", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "以患者为中心疗法中,下列哪项叙述不恰当?(  )", "options": {"A": "医生在治疗中具有权威作用", "B": "注意调动病人心理上的积极因素", "C": "医生是患者的朋友,必要时加以引导", "D": "病人要受到充分理解"}, "answer": "医生在治疗中具有权威作用", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪一项不符合纤维瘤的特征?(  )", "options": {"A": "是一种良性肿瘤", "B": "好发于四肢和躯干的皮下", "C": "切面灰白、质韧,呈编织状", "D": "可转移"}, "answer": "可转移", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.男,35岁。突发右侧腰部剧痛半天。尿常规红细胞满视野,相差显微镜红细胞为正常形态。最可能的原因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "左肾静脉受压", "B": "尿路结石", "C": "泌尿系肿瘤", "D": "尿路感染"}, "answer": "尿路结石", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "鉴别尿路感染与尿道综合征的最根本特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿红细胞的多少", "B": "尿白细胞管型的有无", "C": "真性细菌尿的有无", "D": "尿路刺激症状的有无"}, "answer": "真性细菌尿的有无", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "若用统计图直观地表示某城市在8年中肝炎的病发率随时间的变化情况,宜选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "圆图", "B": "直条图", "C": "普通线图", "D": "散点图"}, "answer": "普通线图", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.6岁小儿轻度贫血的诊断指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Hb>120g/L", "B": "Hb~120g/L", "C": "Hb~90g/L", "D": "Hb<30g/L"}, "answer": "Hb~90g/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2岁患者,发热1天出现皮疹,为红色斑丘疹,由面部开始,一日遍及全身,伴枕部、耳后及颈部淋巴结肿大,诊断最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "风疹", "B": "麻疹", "C": "猩红热", "D": "荨麻疹"}, "answer": "风疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,61岁,突然意识不清1小时。头颅CT显示右侧大脑半球3cm×3cm×6cm高密度影,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑栓塞", "B": "脑出血", "C": "昏厥", "D": "高血压脑病"}, "answer": "脑出血", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "内囊受损的感觉障碍特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对侧偏身(包括面部)感觉减退消失伴有自发性疼痛", "B": "对侧偏身(包括面部)感觉减退或消失", "C": "对侧偏身(包括面部)感觉减退或消失伴感觉过度", "D": "交叉性感觉减退或缺失"}, "answer": "对侧偏身(包括面部)感觉减退或消失", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "疣状赘生物指的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心内膜上附壁血栓", "B": "心内膜新生物", "C": "心瓣膜纤维化", "D": "心瓣膜增厚"}, "answer": "心内膜上附壁血栓", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "无排卵性功能失调性子宫出血患者诊断性刮宫的病理结果,不会出现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "分泌期与增生期内膜并存", "B": "萎缩型子宫内膜", "C": "增生期子宫内膜", "D": "子宫内膜单纯型增生"}, "answer": "分泌期与增生期内膜并存", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.上述哪项能产生IL-2和IFN-γ,介导炎症反应?(  )", "options": {"A": "Th1细胞", "B": "Th2细胞", "C": "Tc(CTL)细胞", "D": "巨噬细胞"}, "answer": "Th1细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,23岁。排便次数增多1个月。大便带血,直肠指诊于直肠侧壁触及柔软光滑的有蒂包块。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肛周脓肿", "B": "直肠息肉", "C": "肛窦炎", "D": "直肠癌"}, "answer": "直肠息肉", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "中年,男性,不慎跌倒摔伤右肩。以左手托右肘部来诊。头向右倾,检体见右肩下沉,右上肢功能障碍。胸骨柄至右肩峰连线中点隆起,并有压痛,其可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肩关节脱位", "B": "锁骨骨折", "C": "肱骨外科颈骨折", "D": "肩胛骨骨折"}, "answer": "锁骨骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "适度的应激对于大多数人来说可以(  )。", "options": {"A": "导致疾病", "B": "引起生理障碍", "C": "引起心理障碍", "D": "促进人体适应"}, "answer": "促进人体适应", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,30岁。反复右下腹痛1年,伴便秘、口腔溃疡,无发热及乏力。否认结核病史及结核密切接触史。查体,右下腹可触及边界不清的包块,可移动,压痛阳性。1.首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠结核", "B": "克罗恩病", "C": "结肠癌", "D": "阑尾炎"}, "answer": "克罗恩病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.能释放肝素的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "嗜酸性粒细胞", "B": "嗜碱性粒细胞", "C": "T淋巴细胞", "D": "B淋巴细胞"}, "answer": "嗜碱性粒细胞", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项不是单纯性甲状腺肿手术治疗的适应证?(  )", "options": {"A": "有压迫症状", "B": "胸骨后甲状腺", "C": "病史较长者", "D": "疑有恶变者"}, "answer": "病史较长者", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "决定血浆pH值最重要的缓冲对是(  )。", "options": {"A": "KHCO3/H2CO3", "B": "NaHCO3/H2CO3", "C": "K2HPO4/KH2PO4", "D": "Na2HPO4/NaH2PO4"}, "answer": "NaHCO3/H2CO3", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肱骨中段骨折,最容易损伤的神经是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尺神经", "B": "桡神经", "C": "肌皮神经", "D": "腋神经"}, "answer": "桡神经", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.膀胱癌(  )。", "options": {"A": "鳞癌", "B": "基底细胞癌", "C": "移行上皮癌", "D": "印戒细胞癌"}, "answer": "印戒细胞癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "儿童急性肾小球肾更的主要临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "少尿,水肿,蛋白尿,低蛋白血症", "B": "血尿,蛋白尿,水肿,低蛋白血症", "C": "水肿,少尿,血尿,高血压", "D": "血尿,少尿,水肿,蛋白尿"}, "answer": "水肿,少尿,血尿,高血压", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肾病综合征用激素正规治疗后频繁复发者应选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫抑制剂", "B": "肾上腺皮质激素+中药", "C": "肾上腺皮质激素+免疫抑制剂", "D": "中药+免疫抑制剂"}, "answer": "肾上腺皮质激素+免疫抑制剂", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.测量衣原体大小的单位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "毫米(mm)", "B": "微米(mm)", "C": "纳米(nm)", "D": "纳克(ng)"}, "answer": "微米(mm)", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪项是亚急性感染性心内膜炎最常见的致病菌(  )。", "options": {"A": "草绿色链球菌", "B": "淋球菌", "C": "肺炎球菌", "D": "肠球菌"}, "answer": "草绿色链球菌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "新生儿出生时胸围的正常范围是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小于头围1~2cm", "B": "小于腹围1~2cm", "C": "大于腹围1~2cm", "D": "大于臀围1~2cm"}, "answer": "小于头围1~2cm", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对重症急性胰腺炎的诊断最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部B超", "B": "腹部增强CT", "C": "血淀粉酶", "D": "血清脂肪酶"}, "answer": "腹部增强CT", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者女性,46岁,反复右上腹胀痛多年,曾查腹部B超提示胆囊多发结石。近1年无明显发作。3.入院后1日,患者出现高热,查体:呼吸16次/min,BP 85/50mmHg,WBC 30×109/L,N 0.92,血清TB 243.51μmol/L,CB 130.5μmol/L,ALT 420U/L,AST 180U/L。最可能诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝脓肿", "B": "急性胆管炎", "C": "急性胰腺炎", "D": "急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎"}, "answer": "急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "与CO中毒的症状无关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中毒时体力活动情况", "B": "空气中CO的浓度", "C": "患者中毒前的健康状况", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "以上都不是", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,60岁。直肠癌切除术后4天,晨起时突发左下肢肿胀,左腿皮温升高,股三角区有深压痛,最可能的诊断是左下肢(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋巴水肿", "B": "深静脉血栓形成", "C": "动脉栓塞", "D": "血栓性浅静脉炎"}, "answer": "深静脉血栓形成", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.肾病综合征激素短程疗法时间为(  )。", "options": {"A": "8~12周", "B": "4~6个月", "C": "6~9个月", "D": "9~12个月"}, "answer": "8~12周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于糖尿病神经病变以下说法正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "以周围神经病变最常见", "B": "通常为不对称性", "C": "临床症状表现为间歇性跛行", "D": "运动神经和自主神经一般不受累"}, "answer": "以周围神经病变最常见", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.由酶蛋白和辅助因子两部分组成的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯酶", "B": "结合酶", "C": "寡聚酶", "D": "多功能酶"}, "answer": "结合酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "131I治疗甲亢时确定射线治疗剂量的必要指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺摄131I率", "B": "基础代谢率", "C": "T3、T4水平测定", "D": "体重"}, "answer": "甲状腺摄131I率", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "Chance骨折是指胸腰椎(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯性压缩骨折", "B": "骨折-脱位", "C": "稳定性爆破型骨折", "D": "水平状撕裂性损伤"}, "answer": "水平状撕裂性损伤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.上述哪项属于医师违背尊重的原则?(  )", "options": {"A": "医师对病人的呼叫或提问给予应答", "B": "医师的行为使某个病人受益,但却给别的病人带来了损害", "C": "妊娠危及母亲的生命时,医师给予引产", "D": "医师尊重病人是指满足病人的一切要求"}, "answer": "医师尊重病人是指满足病人的一切要求", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,55岁。饮酒及高脂饮食后突发上腹疼痛4小时,向背部放射,伴呕吐、大汗、尿色黄。对诊断最有帮助的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上消化道X线钡剂造影", "B": "腹部CT", "C": "肝胆核素扫描", "D": "立位腹部X线平片"}, "answer": "腹部CT", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.继发性肝癌一般不会发生变化的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙氨酸氨基转移酶", "B": "谷氨酸氨基转移酶", "C": "清蛋白", "D": "甲胎蛋白"}, "answer": "甲胎蛋白", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "抗甲状腺药停药的关键指征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "T3、T4正常,TRAb明显下降或转阴", "B": "T33、T4正常", "C": "rT3正常", "D": "临床甲亢表现消失"}, "answer": "T3、T4正常,TRAb明显下降或转阴", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某中学生,15岁,经骨髓穿刺检查诊断为“急性淋巴细胞白血病”,给以常规治疗,症状无缓解。医生告诉家长,此病目前尚无理想的治疗方法,医院正在尝试一种疗效不肯定、治疗也有一定风险的药物。其家长表示愿意做这种实验性治疗,但没有履行书面承诺手续。治疗2天后,病人病重,抢救无效,死亡。此后,家属否认曾同意这种治疗方案,称是“拿病人做试验”,要追究医生责任,于是造成医疗纠纷。2.对该医生的正确医德评价是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抢救不够及时,拖延了时间", "B": "家长没有书面承诺.医生未尊重家长的保留意见", "C": "家长没签字,医生必须承担患儿死亡的责任", "D": "家长没签字,医生在实行知情同意的方式上有失误"}, "answer": "家长没签字,医生在实行知情同意的方式上有失误", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心电图示右心室肥大,最不可能的先天性心脏病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "法洛四联症", "B": "艾森曼格综合征", "C": "小型室间隔缺损", "D": "肺动脉狭窄"}, "answer": "小型室间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "应用异烟肼时,常合用维生素B6的目的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "增强疗效", "B": "防治周围神经炎", "C": "减轻肝损害", "D": "延长作用时间"}, "answer": "防治周围神经炎", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "脊髓前角细胞病损的瘫痪特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "节段性分布的弛缓性瘫,伴感觉障碍", "B": "节段性分布的弛缓性瘫,不伴感觉障碍", "C": "四肢远端肌肉瘫痪", "D": "截瘫"}, "answer": "节段性分布的弛缓性瘫,不伴感觉障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "与有机磷中毒无关的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌肉颤动", "B": "瞳孔缩小", "C": "呕吐物有酸酵味", "D": "唾液多"}, "answer": "呕吐物有酸酵味", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "婴儿化脓性脑膜炎,怀疑有硬膜下积液,此时经济而可靠的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线", "B": "CT", "C": "超声", "D": "颅骨透照试验"}, "answer": "颅骨透照试验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5个月女孩,因发热3天,呕吐2天伴惊厥2次就诊。平时体健,已接种卡介苗,否认结核接触史。3.为明确诊断,首先应做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血常规", "B": "尿常规", "C": "头颅CT", "D": "脑脊液"}, "answer": "脑脊液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "孙思邈主张医家必须具备的医德是(  )。", "options": {"A": "“精、诚”", "B": "“精湛”", "C": "“真诚”", "D": "“爱”"}, "answer": "“精、诚”", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.适用于早期糖尿病肾病的降压药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡托普利", "B": "硝苯地平", "C": "氨氯噻嗪", "D": "哌唑嗪"}, "answer": "卡托普利", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "梅毒树胶样肿区别于结核肉芽肿的主要表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "易见朗汉斯巨细胞", "B": "见多量中性粒细胞", "C": "见多量浆细胞", "D": "见多量上皮样细胞"}, "answer": "见多量浆细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,55岁,2年来,右下面部发作性电击样疼痛,并向头部扩散,神经系统检查无阳性体征,其治疗药物首选的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "咖啡因麦角胺", "B": "氯硝安定", "C": "丙戊酸钠", "D": "卡马西平"}, "answer": "卡马西平", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "细菌的“核质以外遗传物质”是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "核蛋白体", "B": "质粒", "C": "异染颗粒", "D": "性菌毛"}, "answer": "质粒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "32岁经产妇,曾足月分娩2次。月经周期正常,经量中等。查阴道前后壁明显膨出,重度颗粒型宫颈糜烂,宫口松,子宫后倾,正常大,附件未见异常。患者要求避孕,最合适的避孕方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "安全期避孕", "B": "阴茎套避孕", "C": "外用避孕药", "D": "口服短效避孕药"}, "answer": "阴茎套避孕", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.具有降压作用的利尿药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡托普利", "B": "硝苯地平", "C": "氨氯噻嗪", "D": "哌唑嗪"}, "answer": "氨氯噻嗪", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.绿脓杆菌(  )。", "options": {"A": "脓液稠厚,黄色,不臭", "B": "脓液稀薄,淡红色,量多", "C": "脓液有特殊恶臭,对大多数抗菌药物有耐药性", "D": "脓液淡绿色,甜腥臭"}, "answer": "脓液淡绿色,甜腥臭", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "治疗急性血栓栓塞性疾病最好选(  )。", "options": {"A": "华法林", "B": "尿激酶", "C": "右旋糖酐", "D": "双香豆素"}, "answer": "尿激酶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "滴虫性阴道炎典型的白带性状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "泔水状恶臭白带", "B": "稀薄脓性泡沫状白带", "C": "白色均质腥臭白带", "D": "大量血性白带"}, "answer": "稀薄脓性泡沫状白带", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,30岁。低热伴关节肿痛3个月,轻度贫血,抗核抗体(+),抗双链DNA抗体(+),疑患系统性红斑狼疮,治疗首选的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "非甾体抗炎药", "B": "抗生素", "C": "免疫抑制剂", "D": "糖皮质激素"}, "answer": "糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.淤血(  )。", "options": {"A": "心房颤动时脑软化", "B": "雷诺病", "C": "槟榔肝", "D": "急性阑尾炎"}, "answer": "槟榔肝", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肺泡通气量是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "每分钟进或出肺的气量", "B": "每分钟进入肺泡的新鲜气体量", "C": "用力吸入的气量", "D": "无效腔中气量"}, "answer": "每分钟进入肺泡的新鲜气体量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "引起医患间交往障碍的原因,医生方面可能有(  )。", "options": {"A": "医德医风问题", "B": "关心对方能否给自己带来物质利益", "C": "对病人的关注不够", "D": "以上均是"}, "answer": "以上均是", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "轻度高血压患者伴有水肿应选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡托普利", "B": "可乐定", "C": "哌唑嗪", "D": "氢氯噻嗪"}, "answer": "氢氯噻嗪", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "可导致硬性下疳的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋病奈瑟菌", "B": "溶脲脲原体", "C": "梅毒螺旋体", "D": "人乳头瘤病毒"}, "answer": "梅毒螺旋体", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "焦虑症患者可以有下列哪个症状?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑力、体力容易疲劳", "B": "记忆力减退", "C": "强迫症状", "D": "焦虑不安并伴有植物神经症状"}, "answer": "焦虑不安并伴有植物神经症状", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "属于液化性坏死的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺脏", "B": "心脏", "C": "脾脏", "D": "脑"}, "answer": "脑", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于头皮裂伤,不正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "钝性撞击不会发生裂伤", "B": "清创后,采用分层缝合为好", "C": "24小时的裂伤清创后可一期缝合", "D": "急救时应立即包扎止血"}, "answer": "钝性撞击不会发生裂伤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "卡比多巴与左旋多巴合用的理由是(  )。", "options": {"A": "提高脑内多巴胺的浓度,增强左旋多巴的疗效", "B": "减慢左旋多巴由肾脏排泄,增强左旋多巴的疗效", "C": "卡比多巴直接激动多巴胺受体,增强左旋多巴的疗效", "D": "卡比多巴阻断胆碱受体,增强左旋多巴的疗效"}, "answer": "提高脑内多巴胺的浓度,增强左旋多巴的疗效", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "传染病暴发、流行时,当地政府不可以采取的紧急措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "限制或者停止集市、集会、影剧院演出或者其他人群聚集的活动", "B": "临时征用房屋、交通工具", "C": "封闭被传染病病原体污染的公共饮用水源", "D": "对所有传染病病人实行强制隔离治疗"}, "answer": "对所有传染病病人实行强制隔离治疗", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "属于非机械性梗阻所致急性尿潴留的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "前列腺增生", "B": "尿道狭窄", "C": "尿道结石", "D": "损伤性高位截瘫"}, "answer": "损伤性高位截瘫", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "以下属于有机磷中毒机理的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆碱酯酶活性降低,乙酰胆碱积聚", "B": "胆碱酯酶活性增高,乙酰胆碱减少", "C": "乙酰胆碱被水解为胆碱及乙酸", "D": "胆碱酯酶不能被磷酰化"}, "answer": "胆碱酯酶活性降低,乙酰胆碱积聚", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,30岁,发热、寒战,轻度黄疸,脾肋下3cm,血红蛋白70g/L,网织红细胞9%,血清铁1200μg/L,肝功能正常,Ham试验阴性,Coombs试验阳性,诊断考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿", "B": "阵发性寒冷性血红蛋白尿", "C": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血", "D": "Evans综合征"}, "answer": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "炎症时何处首先发生血管反应?(  )", "options": {"A": "细动脉", "B": "小动脉", "C": "细静脉", "D": "小静脉"}, "answer": "细动脉", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1岁男孩,体重10kg,患腹泻伴轻度脱水,该患儿液体丢失量约为(  )。", "options": {"A": "100ml", "B": "300ml", "C": "500ml", "D": "900ml"}, "answer": "500ml", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女孩10岁,发热2周,苍白,多汗,心悸,双膝关节痛肿,第一心音低钝,ASO增高,ESR增快。1.心电图最可能的改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "窦性心动过缓", "B": "Ⅰ度房室传导阻滞", "C": "交界区性心律", "D": "U波明显低血钾"}, "answer": "Ⅰ度房室传导阻滞", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "6个月男婴,3天低热,咳喘,精神、食欲尚好,体检:两肺有少量哮鸣音。胸片示两肺纹理重,肺气肿。临床考虑诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛细支气管炎", "B": "支气管肺炎", "C": "支原体肺炎", "D": "腺病毒肺炎"}, "answer": "毛细支气管炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某患者有丛林接触史,突发高热,用变形杆菌OX19与患者血清进行外斐反应,抗体效价为1:320,该病人可能的印象诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "风湿热", "B": "森林脑炎", "C": "恙虫病", "D": "斑疹伤寒"}, "answer": "斑疹伤寒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "哪一项是髋关节脱位最多见的类型?(  )", "options": {"A": "后脱位", "B": "中心型脱位", "C": "合并髋臼骨折的脱位", "D": "合并股骨头骨折的脱位"}, "answer": "后脱位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.谵妄状态表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "无意识障碍,近记忆力障碍明显,智能相对完好", "B": "突发昼轻夜重的神志不清", "C": "发作性的意识障碍伴痴呆表现", "D": "以近记忆力障碍为首发症状可伴人格改变"}, "answer": "突发昼轻夜重的神志不清", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "重症肌无力最常受累的肌肉是(  )。", "options": {"A": "眼外肌", "B": "四肢肌", "C": "咀嚼肌", "D": "面肌"}, "answer": "眼外肌", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "当C5~T2脊髓前联合受损时可出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "双上肢及上胸部痛温觉减退,但触觉深感觉保留", "B": "双上肢痛温觉减退或缺失,但触觉及深感觉保留", "C": "双上肢深浅感觉均减退或消失", "D": "双上肢深感觉缺失,但触觉及痛温觉保留"}, "answer": "双上肢痛温觉减退或缺失,但触觉及深感觉保留", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于狂犬病病毒,不正确的描述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可通过虫媒传播", "B": "在中枢神经细胞胞浆内形成嗜酸性内基小体(Negri Bodies)", "C": "不会引起脑炎", "D": "该病毒对外界抵抗力不强,56℃30min即可杀灭"}, "answer": "可通过虫媒传播", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.治疗轻、中型克罗恩病(病变累及回肠和结肠)的首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "柳氮磺吡啶", "B": "美沙拉嗪", "C": "布地奈德", "D": "硫唑嘌呤"}, "answer": "美沙拉嗪", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1岁男孩,发热、咳嗽5天,精神尚可,食欲不振。体检:体温38.5℃,呼吸50次/min,心率150次/min,口唇略青紫,轻度三凹征,两肺散在中小水泡音,肝肋下2cm,胸片示:两肺散在小点片状阴影。2.治疗首选何种抗生素?(  )", "options": {"A": "头孢噻肟", "B": "红霉素", "C": "庆大霉素", "D": "青霉素"}, "answer": "青霉素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.长效胰岛素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢胰岛素锌混悬液", "B": "中性精蛋白锌胰岛素", "C": "低精蛋白锌胰岛素", "D": "精蛋白锌胰岛素"}, "answer": "精蛋白锌胰岛素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,62岁。全麻下腹膜后肿瘤切除术后3日,晨起剧烈咳嗽后觉腹部切口剧痛。查体:生命征平稳,切口敷料湿透。检查切口更换敷料发现小肠自伤口膨出。在病房中的紧急处理措施正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "局麻下全层缝合伤口", "B": "立即还纳小肠", "C": "局麻下分层缝合伤口", "D": "无菌敷料覆盖小肠及伤口"}, "answer": "无菌敷料覆盖小肠及伤口", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "细胞内、外液的渗透压范围是(  )。", "options": {"A": "230~250mmol/L", "B": "251~269mmol/L", "C": "270~289mmol/L", "D": "290~310mmol/L"}, "answer": "290~310mmol/L", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "麻疹传染期为(  )。", "options": {"A": "接触麻疹后7天至出疹后5天", "B": "接触麻疹后5天至出疹后7天", "C": "接触麻疹后3天至出疹后5天", "D": "接触麻疹后14天至出疹后10天"}, "answer": "接触麻疹后7天至出疹后5天", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,31岁。停经21周。剧烈腹痛、发热1天,伴恶心、呕吐,无阴道流血。查体:宫底平脐,子宫前壁压痛,胎心156次/分。血WBC 13×109/L,N 0.78。彩色超声提示单胎妊娠合并子宫肌壁间肌瘤,肌瘤直径7cm。最可能是子宫肌瘤发生(  )。", "options": {"A": "玻璃样变", "B": "红色样变", "C": "肉瘤样变", "D": "囊性变"}, "answer": "红色样变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列选项不符合缺铁性贫血的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清铁蛋白减低", "B": "血清铁减低", "C": "总铁结合力减低", "D": "骨髓有核红细胞内铁减低"}, "answer": "总铁结合力减低", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "真菌孢子的主要作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "繁殖", "B": "抵抗不良环境", "C": "引起炎症反应", "D": "引起变态反应"}, "answer": "繁殖", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不属于新生儿窒息Apgar评分内容的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "拥抱反射", "B": "肌张力", "C": "呼吸", "D": "心率"}, "answer": "拥抱反射", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,45岁,双手近端指间关节,双腕和双踝关节肿痛5个月。查体:双手近端指间关节梭形肿胀、压痛(+),实验室检查:ESR 45mm/h,RF阳性,抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体阳性。2.控制病情进展首选的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲氨蝶呤", "B": "布洛芬", "C": "阿司匹林", "D": "泼尼松"}, "answer": "甲氨蝶呤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者,查血小板10×109/L。1.该患者首选的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺皮质激素", "B": "脾切除", "C": "免疫抑制剂", "D": "中西医结合治疗"}, "answer": "肾上腺皮质激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,35岁。腹泻、腹痛伴低热、乏力、盗汗2个月。查体:右下腹可触及包块,压痛(+),边界不清。结肠镜发现回盲部环形溃疡。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溃疡性结肠炎", "B": "结肠癌", "C": "肠结核", "D": "阿米巴肠病"}, "answer": "肠结核", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于新生儿胆红素代谢特点,以下错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆红素生成增多", "B": "转运胆红素能力不足", "C": "肝脏葡萄糖醛酸转移酶活性低", "D": "肠道内β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶活性较低"}, "answer": "肠道内β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶活性较低", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.与Graves病有关的症状为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌无力", "B": "干燥综合征", "C": "皮肤紫癜", "D": "发热伴甲状腺肿痛"}, "answer": "肌无力", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列有关密码的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有终止密码和起始密码", "B": "密码无标点符号", "C": "密码有通用性", "D": "蛋白质中的氨基酸均有相应密码"}, "answer": "蛋白质中的氨基酸均有相应密码", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "病人将一盏灯看成是一个牛头,此症状属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "空间知觉障碍", "B": "错觉", "C": "幻视", "D": "妄想"}, "answer": "错觉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5.幼年时生长素分泌过多会导致(  )。", "options": {"A": "呆小症", "B": "粘液水肿", "C": "肢端肥大症", "D": "巨人症"}, "answer": "巨人症", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "若诊断临床糖尿病,应选择下列哪一项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "糖化血红蛋白", "B": "空腹血糖", "C": "尿糖", "D": "空腹胰岛素测定"}, "answer": "空腹血糖", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "桡神经肘下损伤最主要的一个表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "手腕下垂", "B": "不能主动伸掌指关节", "C": "手背尺侧感觉消失", "D": "拇指不能对掌"}, "answer": "不能主动伸掌指关节", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "与甲状腺功能低下者不容易混肴的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "先天性巨结肠", "B": "佝偻病", "C": "软骨发育不良", "D": "低能量型营养不良"}, "answer": "低能量型营养不良", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,35岁。尿频、尿痛伴肉眼血尿1天。既往体健。查体无异常。尿亚硝酸盐阳性,尿沉渣镜检红、白细胞满视野。抗生素疗程一般为(  )。", "options": {"A": "14天", "B": "7天", "C": "10天", "D": "3天"}, "answer": "3天", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,55岁,工程师。因膀胱癌入院准备接受手术治疗。在术前准备期间,患者一方面希望尽快恢复健康而配合各种检查和治疗,另一方面又担心自己主持的工程项目出问题而自行离院回单位开会。这种患者的角色的状态属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "角色行为强化", "B": "角色行为异常", "C": "角色行为缺如", "D": "角色行为冲突"}, "answer": "角色行为冲突", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肩关节脱位最常见的类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "前脱位", "B": "下脱位", "C": "盂上脱位", "D": "中心型脱位"}, "answer": "前脱位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,51岁。因急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎行急诊胆总管切开取石、T形管引流术。术后3天肛门排气后拔除胃管,第4天开始出现腹胀、呕吐。体检:全腹膨隆,全腹轻压痛,无反跳痛。查血常规示WBC 9.O×109/L;血生化示血清钠135mmol/L,血清钾2.5mmol/L。2.若病人切口愈合处红肿、硬结,其切口愈合情况应记录为(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅲ/乙", "B": "Ⅲ/丙", "C": "Ⅱ/甲", "D": "Ⅱ/乙"}, "answer": "Ⅲ/乙", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "感染性休克手术的治疗时机为(  )。", "options": {"A": "即刻手术", "B": "短期抗休克治疗后", "C": "抗休克治疗无效时", "D": "以上都不对"}, "answer": "短期抗休克治疗后", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,25岁,既往有HBsAg阳性史,10天前无诱因发热,体温逐渐上升,波动于37.5~39℃,近3天体温持续在38.5~39.5℃不降,伴有食欲不振、乏力、腹胀及尿黄。查体:体温39.5℃,脉搏88/min,血压110/70mmHg,神清,表情淡漠,未见皮疹,巩膜轻度黄染,心肺未见异常,腹软,右下腹压痛(+),肝右肋下2cm,脾未触及,肝浊音区不小,移动性浊音(-),双下肢无水肿。化验:白细胞3.5×109/L,中性细胞0.60,淋巴细胞0.40,血HBsAg(+),抗HBs(+)。1.哪项是该患者最可能的诊断?(  )", "options": {"A": "伤寒;病毒性肝炎,甲型,亚急性重型", "B": "伤寒;病毒性肝炎,乙型,急性黄疸型", "C": "病毒性肝炎,甲型,急性黄疸型;乙肝表面抗原携带者", "D": "伤寒;乙肝表面抗原携带者"}, "answer": "伤寒;乙肝表面抗原携带者", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.脂肪酸β-氧化可产生(  )。", "options": {"A": "NAD+", "B": "NADH", "C": "FADH2", "D": "肉碱"}, "answer": "NADH", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "二尖瓣狭窄患者出现急性左心衰竭时,一般不宜采用的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉注射呋塞米", "B": "静脉注射毛花苷C", "C": "静脉滴注硝酸甘油", "D": "无创通气"}, "answer": "静脉注射毛花苷C", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "目前认为对冠心病猝死有预防价值的药物为(  )。", "options": {"A": "利多卡因", "B": "阿司匹林", "C": "美托洛尔", "D": "维拉帕米"}, "answer": "美托洛尔", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对已确诊患有乳腺癌的1000名妇女和未患乳腺癌的1000名妇女,用以乳腺癌筛选的试验检查,结果发现前者有900名为阳性结果,后者有100名为阳性结果。1.该试验的灵敏度是(  )。", "options": {"A": "90%", "B": "30%", "C": "12%", "D": "10%"}, "answer": "90%", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,23岁。间断脓血便2年,大便成形或糊状,每日1~3次,有时里急后重,抗生素治疗无效。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溃疡性结肠炎", "B": "Crohn病", "C": "肠结核", "D": "阿米巴肠炎"}, "answer": "溃疡性结肠炎", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.栓塞(  )。", "options": {"A": "心房颤动时脑软化", "B": "肝硬化时食管静脉曲张", "C": "雷诺病", "D": "急性阑尾炎"}, "answer": "心房颤动时脑软化", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男孩,8岁。2天前因“感冒”诱发咳嗽,口服糖皮质激素无缓解。3岁至8岁时类似喘息发作十余次,曾查肺功能明显降低,支气管舒张试验阳性。查体:呼吸困难,大汗淋漓,不能平卧,面色青灰,三凹征,双肺呼吸音降低,无哮鸣音,心音较低钝。此时不适合的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使用吸入性速效β2受体激动剂", "B": "必要时辅以机械通气", "C": "使用吸入型糖皮质激素", "D": "补液,纠正酸中毒"}, "answer": "使用吸入型糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.恶性度最高的甲状腺癌为(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺乳头状腺癌", "B": "甲状腺滤泡状腺癌", "C": "未分化癌", "D": "转移癌"}, "answer": "未分化癌", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,8岁,因发热、关节肿痛而入院,经检查确定为风湿性关节炎,查体时未发现心脏异常,医生嘱其服用阿司匹林,其总疗程一般为(  )。", "options": {"A": "4~8周", "B": "3~6周", "C": "2~4周", "D": "8~12周"}, "answer": "3~6周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.哪一项是地方性斑疹伤寒的传播媒介?(  )", "options": {"A": "人虱", "B": "鼠蚤", "C": "恙螨", "D": "蚊"}, "answer": "鼠蚤", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿风湿热,正确理解是(  )。", "options": {"A": "年龄越小,心脏受累的机会越多", "B": "心电图最常见者为期前收缩", "C": "心包炎最常见", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "年龄越小,心脏受累的机会越多", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "《临床输血技术规范》的立法宗旨是规范、指导医疗机构(  )。", "options": {"A": "科学,合理用血", "B": "安全,科学用血", "C": "合理,安全用血", "D": "科学,卫生用血"}, "answer": "科学,合理用血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在直肠息肉中,下列哪种癌变率最高?(  )", "options": {"A": "管状腺瘤", "B": "炎性息肉", "C": "绒毛状腺瘤", "D": "混合性腺瘤"}, "answer": "绒毛状腺瘤", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,马车翻车时砸伤下腹部。查体:耻骨联合处压痛,挤压试验阳性。膀胱胀满,橡皮导尿管插入一定深度未引出尿液,导尿管尖端见血迹。此时应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "导尿管插入方法不对", "B": "导尿管插入深度不足", "C": "骨盆骨折合并尿道断裂", "D": "骨盆骨折合并膀胱损伤"}, "answer": "骨盆骨折合并尿道断裂", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "X线上呈现脊柱竹节样改变的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "强直性脊柱炎", "B": "骨性关节炎", "C": "类风湿性关节炎", "D": "反应性关节炎"}, "answer": "强直性脊柱炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "氯化钾静滴浓度不得超过(  )。", "options": {"A": "0.1%", "B": "0.3%", "C": "0.6%", "D": "0.9%"}, "answer": "0.3%", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪项是引起气性坏疽的致病菌?(  )", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "B": "大肠杆菌", "C": "变形杆菌", "D": "梭状芽孢杆菌"}, "answer": "梭状芽孢杆菌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "兴奋性指可兴奋细胞对刺激产生(  )。", "options": {"A": "反射", "B": "反应", "C": "兴奋", "D": "适应"}, "answer": "兴奋", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "缩窄性心包炎中最常见的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "化脓性", "B": "结核性", "C": "真菌性", "D": "肿瘤性"}, "answer": "结核性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,60岁,既往有冠心病。突然气促、大汗。查:BP 80/60mmHg,心率180次/min,节律轻度不规则。心电图示:室性心动过速。该患者的治疗措施首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "普萘洛尔", "B": "胺碘酮", "C": "非同步直流电复律", "D": "同步直流电复律"}, "answer": "同步直流电复律", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "伤口附近出现“红线”是(  )。", "options": {"A": "深层静脉炎", "B": "网状淋巴管炎", "C": "深层管状淋巴管炎", "D": "浅层管状淋巴管炎"}, "answer": "浅层管状淋巴管炎", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,10岁,以主诉咽痛、高热二天伴膝关节红肿、疼痛入院。查扁桃体红肿化脓,咽拭子经血平板培养出现五色透明溶血环,抗“O”试验阳性。引起感染的病原体可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "B": "乙型溶血性链球菌", "C": "肺炎链球菌", "D": "脑膜炎奈瑟菌"}, "answer": "乙型溶血性链球菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.同一种属所有正常个体Ig分子所共同具有的抗原特异性标志(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ig同种型", "B": "Ig同种异型", "C": "Ig独特型", "D": "Ig的恒定区"}, "answer": "Ig同种型", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不参与生物转化第一相反应的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单胺氧化酶", "B": "醛脱氢酶", "C": "硝基还原酶", "D": "葡萄糖醛酸转移酶"}, "answer": "葡萄糖醛酸转移酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5.第三脑室附近肿瘤可出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "遗忘-虚构综合征", "B": "Gerstmann综合征(手指失认、计算不能、书写不能和左右不分等)", "C": "大约1/2出现癫痫", "D": "广泛智能受损、情感障碍和人格改变"}, "answer": "遗忘-虚构综合征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女婴,14个月,稽留高热2周。咳嗽较剧,喘憋和发绀明显,左肺下叩之发浊,听诊呼吸音减弱,腹胀明显,肠鸣音消失,胸部X线片示左肺下可见大片状阴影。白细胞5.3×109/L,淋巴细胞占0.77。该病例最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "革兰阴性杆菌肺炎合并中毒性肠麻痹", "B": "葡萄球菌肺炎合并中毒性肠麻痹", "C": "革兰阴性杆菌肺炎合并心衰", "D": "腺病毒肺炎合并中毒性肠麻痹"}, "answer": "腺病毒肺炎合并中毒性肠麻痹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性骨髓炎死骨摘除术指征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热,局部红肿,有死骨、死腔", "B": "有死骨、死腔骨包壳薄弱", "C": "骨包壳充分形成,有死骨、死腔", "D": "死骨分界不清,有死腔与窦道"}, "answer": "骨包壳充分形成,有死骨、死腔", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,72岁。1年来阵发性腹痛,自觉有“气块”在腹中窜动,大便次数增加,近3个月腹胀、便秘,近3天无肛门排气、排便,呕吐物有粪便臭味,伴乏力、低热。1.根据病史考虑肠梗阻类型为(  )。", "options": {"A": "低位不完全梗阻", "B": "高位完全梗阻", "C": "高位不完仝梗阻", "D": "低位完全梗阻"}, "answer": "低位完全梗阻", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,31岁。2天前突发胸壁背部痛,继而下肢无力、麻木、排尿困难,无视物成双、饮水呛咳、吞咽困难。起病前1周有上呼吸道感染史。既往史无特殊。查体:神清,语利,脑神经检查未见昇常。双上肢肌力5级,肌张力正常。双下肢肌力2级,肌张力低。腱反射未引出,病理征阴性。T4以下针刺觉减退。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吉兰巴雷综合征", "B": "髓外肿瘤", "C": "急性脊髓炎", "D": "颈椎病"}, "answer": "急性脊髓炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.绒毛膜癌主要播散的方式(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋巴转移和种植", "B": "血行转移和淋巴转移", "C": "直接蔓延和种植", "D": "血行转移"}, "answer": "血行转移", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,60岁,吸烟史30年,慢性咳嗽、咳痰12年,气急3年,呈逐渐加重。胸片示肋间隙增宽、双肺透亮度增加,两下肺纹理乱。4.此患者在晨起大便时突然气急显著加重,伴有胸痛,送来急诊,考虑有哪种疾病的可能?(  )", "options": {"A": "胸膜炎", "B": "ARDS", "C": "肺栓塞", "D": "急性肺水肿"}, "answer": "肺栓塞", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某单位一周内发生伤寒病人30例,病死率15%,该现象属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "流行", "B": "大流行", "C": "散发", "D": "暴发"}, "answer": "暴发", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医师在执业活动中除正当治疗外,不得使用(  )。", "options": {"A": "消毒药剂", "B": "有禁忌证的药品", "C": "副作用大的药品", "D": "麻醉药品"}, "answer": "麻醉药品", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.糖异生和葡萄糖醛酸结合反应共同的代谢场所是(  )。", "options": {"A": "微粒体", "B": "线粒体", "C": "细胞液", "D": "核蛋白体"}, "answer": "微粒体", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪一项是乙肝病毒复制指标?(  )", "options": {"A": "HBsAg", "B": "抗HBs", "C": "HBeAg", "D": "抗HBcIgG"}, "answer": "HBeAg", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.无排卵性功能失调性子宫出血时,应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "刮宫为蜕膜", "B": "经前3日刮宫见子宫内膜增生期改变", "C": "经前2日刮宫见子宫内膜分泌期改变", "D": "经前2日刮宫见子宫内膜分泌反应不良"}, "answer": "经前3日刮宫见子宫内膜增生期改变", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "梗死灶常为地图形是哪个器官?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺脏", "B": "心脏", "C": "肝脏", "D": "肠管"}, "answer": "心脏", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者15岁,3年前开始发作性意识丧失,全身抽动,持续4~5分钟恢复,发作时面色青紫,有时伴尿失禁、舌咬伤,常在夜间睡眠中发作;体检及各项检查均正常。患者叔父有相同病史,诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癔病", "B": "特发性失神发作", "C": "症状性失神发作", "D": "特发性全面强直-阵挛发作"}, "answer": "特发性全面强直-阵挛发作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,51岁。因急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎行急诊胆总管切开取石、T形管引流术。术后3天肛门排气后拔除胃管,第4天开始出现腹胀、呕吐。体检:全腹膨隆,全腹轻压痛,无反跳痛。查血常规示WBC 9.O×109/L;血生化示血清钠135mmol/L,血清钾2.5mmol/L。3.若术后1周病人剧烈咳嗽时,大量淡红色液体自切口处流出。该病人并发了(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹腔脓肿", "B": "术后出血", "C": "切口裂开", "D": "切口感染"}, "answer": "切口裂开", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在环境卫生评价中,剂量-反应关系是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "随暴露量增加引起个体效应严重程度不同的规律", "B": "不同的暴露引起不同疾病的规律", "C": "人群健康效应谱发生的规律性变化", "D": "暴露人群分布变化的规律"}, "answer": "随暴露量增加引起个体效应严重程度不同的规律", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,60岁。反复黑便,呕吐咖啡色液体1月余,消瘦,未触及肿块,血红蛋白50g/L,白细胞6.6×109/L,最大可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性胃炎", "B": "胃癌", "C": "胃溃疡", "D": "十二指肠溃疡"}, "answer": "胃癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "根据病因及发病机制。贫血可分为(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞生成减少、造血功能不良及红细胞破坏过多三类", "B": "红细胞生成减少、红细胞破坏过多及失血三类", "C": "红细胞生成减少、溶血、失血、再生障碍性贫血(简称再障)及缺铁等五类", "D": "红细胞生成减少、红细胞过度破坏、失血及造血功能不良四类"}, "answer": "红细胞生成减少、红细胞破坏过多及失血三类", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,18岁,食欲不好,厌油腻,肝大,肝区疼痛,临床诊断急性普通型肝炎,此时患者肝脏出现的病变为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝细胞气球样变", "B": "肝细胞透明变", "C": "肝细胞脂肪性变", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "肝细胞气球样变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列属于青春期女性生理特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "开始出现女性特征", "B": "卵巢功能减退", "C": "卵泡无雌激素分泌", "D": "月经初潮"}, "answer": "月经初潮", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,24岁。咽痛3周,肉眼血尿伴水肿4天。查体:BP 140/95mmHg。咽稍充血,扁桃体无肿大,双下肢凹陷性水肿。尿常规:蛋白质(++),沉渣镜检红细胞满视野/HP,白细胞3~5/HP,抗链球菌溶血素“O”升高。该患者最主要治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用糖皮质激素", "B": "休息、对症治疗", "C": "应用免疫抑制剂", "D": "低蛋白饮食"}, "answer": "休息、对症治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.上述哪项具有细胞毒作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "Tc", "B": "Ts", "C": "Th", "D": "Th1"}, "answer": "Tc", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.肾盂积水时,肾皮质变薄(  )。", "options": {"A": "全身性萎缩", "B": "神经性萎缩", "C": "压迫性萎缩", "D": "内分泌性萎缩"}, "answer": "压迫性萎缩", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于风湿性疾病的概念下述哪一种叙述是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "风湿病就是结缔组织病", "B": "风湿病就是胶原性疾病", "C": "风湿病、结缔组织病、胶原病均是同范畴的疾病", "D": "结缔组织病、胶原病仅是风湿病的一部分,不能互相等同"}, "answer": "结缔组织病、胶原病仅是风湿病的一部分,不能互相等同", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列疾病中,不是衣原体引起的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大叶性肺炎", "B": "性病淋巴肉芽肿", "C": "沙眼", "D": "新生儿肺炎"}, "answer": "大叶性肺炎", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "主要用于治疗脑血管病的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维拉帕米", "B": "硝苯地平", "C": "地尔硫", "D": "尼莫地平"}, "answer": "尼莫地平", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,说话快,走路快,做事效率高,但脾气暴躁,容易激动,常因与别人意见不一致而争辩。下列哪项符合其行为类型?(  )", "options": {"A": "A型行为", "B": "B型行为", "C": "D型行为", "D": "E型行为"}, "answer": "A型行为", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "72岁女患者,1年前右手开始颤动,半年后右下肢及左手相继出现颤动,近2个月来右手不能写字,紧张时尤其明显,睡眠后消失。近半月来行走困难,经常摔倒。查体:表情缺乏,双上肢及右下肢不自主运动,肌张力呈齿轮样增高。2.如令患者行走时可能出现的步态是(  )。", "options": {"A": "感觉性共济失调步态", "B": "剪刀样步态", "C": "慌张步态", "D": "小脑性共济失调步态"}, "answer": "慌张步态", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列选项中,不需行疝修补术的腹股沟疝有(  )。", "options": {"A": "婴幼儿疝", "B": "嵌顿性疝", "C": "直疝", "D": "斜疝"}, "answer": "婴幼儿疝", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,22岁,受凉后出现咽痛,咳嗽,发热,1天后出现全程肉眼血尿2次,无尿频,尿急,尿痛。尿常规:蛋白(++),尿沉渣镜检:RBC满视野。血SCr 74μmol/L。2.下列最有助于诊断的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾穿刺活检", "B": "膀胱镜", "C": "泌尿系B超", "D": "腹部CT"}, "answer": "肾穿刺活检", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医师考核不合格者,县级以上人民政府卫生行政部门可以责令其暂停职业活动(  )。", "options": {"A": "1~2个月", "B": "1~3个月", "C": "3~6个月", "D": "5~12个月"}, "answer": "3~6个月", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,50岁。大量饮酒后出现上腹部剧烈疼痛,伴呕吐,呕吐后腹痛不缓解。保守治疗3天,病情持续恶化,并出现休克。查体:体温38.9℃,脐周及背部可见大片青紫瘀斑,上腹腹肌紧张,压痛、反跳痛明显,肠鸣音减弱。1.首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化性溃疡并穿孔", "B": "急性肝脓肿", "C": "重症急性胰腺炎", "D": "结肠癌"}, "answer": "重症急性胰腺炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肝糖原分解可直接补充血糖,是因为肝细胞中含有(  )。", "options": {"A": "6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶", "B": "葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶", "C": "磷酸葡萄糖变位酶", "D": "葡萄糖-1-磷酸酶"}, "answer": "葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,35岁。痛经进行性加重8年,婚后4年未孕。查休:子宫后位,大小正常,子宫左后方可触及大小约6cm的囊性包块,张力较大,触痛,子宫右后方触及类似包块,大小约5cm。血CA125 65U/ml,抗子宫内膜抗体(+)。1.首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "盆腔结核", "B": "盆腔炎性包块", "C": "子宫内膜异位症", "D": "卵巢上皮癌"}, "answer": "子宫内膜异位症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.栓塞(  )。", "options": {"A": "心房纤颤时脑软化", "B": "肝硬化时食管静脉曲张", "C": "槟榔肝", "D": "急性阑尾炎"}, "answer": "心房纤颤时脑软化", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "5.激活蛋白激酶C需(  )。", "options": {"A": "cAMP", "B": "cGMP", "C": "磷脂酰丝氨酸", "D": "GSH"}, "answer": "磷脂酰丝氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.等渗性缺水引起体液容量的变化为(  )。", "options": {"A": "以血液浓缩为主", "B": "只有组织间液减少", "C": "血浆、组织间液、细胞内液都减少,以血浆减少为主", "D": "血浆、组织间液、细胞内液都减少,以细胞内液减少为主"}, "answer": "以血液浓缩为主", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "传染病暴发、流行时,所在地政府部门不可以采取的紧急措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "限制或者停止集市、集会、影剧院演出或者其他人群聚集的活动", "B": "临时征用房屋、交通工具", "C": "封闭被传染病病原体污染的公共饮用水源", "D": "对所有传染病病人实行强制隔离观察和隔离治疗"}, "answer": "临时征用房屋、交通工具", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,36岁,5天前发热、咽痛,应用抗生素治疗无效。颈部浅表淋巴结肿大,咽部充血,扁桃体Ⅱ度肿大,下肢少许瘀斑。白细胞16.6×109/L,原始细胞0.6,血红蛋白80g/L,血小板34×109/L。2.体检中应特别注意的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "睑结膜苍白", "B": "胸骨压痛", "C": "浅表淋巴结肿大", "D": "皮肤出血点"}, "answer": "胸骨压痛", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.甲状腺球蛋白属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "自身抗原", "B": "异嗜性抗原", "C": "肿瘤相关抗原", "D": "肿瘤特异性抗原"}, "answer": "自身抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.新生儿重度贫血是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "血红蛋白<30g/L", "B": "血红蛋白<60g/L", "C": "血红蛋白60~90g/L", "D": "血红蛋白90~120g/L"}, "answer": "血红蛋白60~90g/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "判断小儿支气管肺炎严重程度的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "白细胞高低", "B": "呼吸频率", "C": "有无累及其他系统", "D": "胸片显示程度"}, "answer": "有无累及其他系统", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一小儿身高85cm,前囟已闭,头围48cm.乳牙20枚,已会跳,并能用简单的语言表达自己的需要,对人、事有喜乐之分。1.该小儿的年龄最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1岁", "B": "1岁半", "C": "2岁", "D": "3岁"}, "answer": "2岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.葡萄球菌肺炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "小片阴影,肺纹理增多,肺气肿多见", "B": "肺浸润,多发性肺脓肿", "C": "多种多样.基本改变为支气管肺炎征象", "D": "以肺门阴影增浓为突出"}, "answer": "肺浸润,多发性肺脓肿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "成熟红细胞的主要能量来源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖醛酸途径", "B": "脂肪酸β氧化", "C": "糖的有氧氧化", "D": "糖酵解"}, "answer": "糖酵解", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不符合医德评价方式的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内心信念", "B": "正式社会舆论", "C": "非正式社会舆论", "D": "卫生行政仲裁"}, "answer": "卫生行政仲裁", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有特异性抗原受体的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B淋巴细胞", "B": "巨噬细胞", "C": "NK细胞", "D": "单核细胞"}, "answer": "B淋巴细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,4岁,自1岁出现口唇青紫,活动后加剧,喜坐少动,胸骨左缘第2、3肋间可闻及收缩期杂音,有震颤,动脉血氧饱和度为75%,此病例可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺动脉狭窄", "B": "原发性肺动脉高压症", "C": "艾森曼格综合征", "D": "法洛四联症"}, "answer": "法洛四联症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.胚胎部位滋养细胞肿瘤(  )。", "options": {"A": "滋养细胞增生,绒毛间质水肿,间质内胎源性血管消失", "B": "瘤组织主要由中间型滋养细胞组成,无大片出血坏死", "C": "滋养细胞增生并侵入子宫肌层和血管,不见绒毛结构,伴大片坏死出血", "D": "由细胞滋养细胞分化出合体滋养细胞,二者分裂增生与胚外中胚层一起组成绒毛膜"}, "answer": "瘤组织主要由中间型滋养细胞组成,无大片出血坏死", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪种疾病的骨髓细胞内常出现Auer小体?(  )", "options": {"A": "溶血性贫血", "B": "急性粒细胞白血病", "C": "慢性粒细胞白血病", "D": "系统性红斑性狼疮"}, "answer": "急性粒细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪项是测量病毒大小的常用单位?(  )", "options": {"A": "毫米(mm)", "B": "微米(μm)", "C": "纳米(nm)", "D": "皮米(pm)"}, "answer": "纳米(nm)", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "最适于治疗肺水肿的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呋塞米", "B": "螺内酯", "C": "氢氯噻嗪", "D": "乙酰唑胺"}, "answer": "呋塞米", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "正常妊娠38周时的羊水量约为(  )。", "options": {"A": "500ml", "B": "1000ml", "C": "1200ml", "D": "1500ml"}, "answer": "1000ml", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "放射性131I治疗甲亢时,应至少观察多长时间才能行第2次治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "1个月", "B": "3个月", "C": "半年", "D": "1年"}, "answer": "半年", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "Colles骨折,最有诊断意义的体征(  )。", "options": {"A": "局部肿胀", "B": "典型畸形", "C": "反常活动", "D": "手功能受限"}, "answer": "典型畸形", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "内科医生王某,在春节探家的火车上遇到一位产妇临产,因车上无其他医务人员,王某遂协助产妇分娩。在分娩过程中,因牵拉过度,导致新生儿左上肢臂丛神经损伤。王某行为的性质为(  )。", "options": {"A": "属于非法行医,不属医疗事故", "B": "属于超范围执业,构成医疗事故", "C": "属于见义勇为,不构成医疗事故", "D": "虽造成不良后果,但不属医疗事故"}, "answer": "虽造成不良后果,但不属医疗事故", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,56岁。突发呕吐1小时。呕吐量约500ml,鲜红色,可见血块,伴大汗、心慌。查体:T 38.5℃,P 112次/分,R 26次/分,BP 114/80mmHg。巩膜轻度黄染,肝掌(+),胸壁可见蜘蛛痣,心肺未见明显异常,腹胀,肝肋下未触及。脾肋下3cm,移动性浊音(+)。血常规:Hb 95g/L,WBC 3.6×109/L,PLT 46×109/L。半年前上消化道X线钡剂造影示食管虫蚀状改变,可见蚯蚓状及串球状影。2.如该患者未及时治疗,最易出现的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾衰", "B": "肝性脑病", "C": "急性心衰", "D": "局限性腹膜炎"}, "answer": "肝性脑病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "高钾血症伴发心律失常时,应(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉注射碳酸氢钠", "B": "静脉注射胰岛素+葡萄糖", "C": "静脉注射葡萄糖酸钙", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "静脉注射葡萄糖酸钙", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.骨肉瘤可见到(  )。", "options": {"A": "表面静脉怒张,皮温明显增高", "B": "病理性骨折后可自愈", "C": "发病后迅速出现瘫痪", "D": "局部肿块,无触痛,外伤后始发现"}, "answer": "表面静脉怒张,皮温明显增高", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "能引起潜伏感染的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓灰质炎病毒", "B": "狂犬病毒", "C": "甲型肝炎病毒", "D": "水痘-带状疱疹病毒"}, "answer": "水痘-带状疱疹病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,46岁。因白带多半年,性交后出血1周就诊。宫颈刮片病理:宫颈鳞癌,浸润深度7mm,肉眼见癌灶最大直径≤4cm。1.患者临床分期属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "ⅠA2期", "B": "ⅠB1期", "C": "ⅠB2期", "D": "ⅡA期"}, "answer": "ⅠB1期", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,33岁,因向心性肥胖、皮肤紫纹就诊,经化验及CT检查,诊断为垂体Cushing病。以下治疗方案首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服溴隐亭", "B": "垂体放疗", "C": "双侧肾上腺全切除", "D": "经蝶窦切除垂体微腺瘤"}, "answer": "经蝶窦切除垂体微腺瘤", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心理生理障碍,又称心身疾病,指(  )。", "options": {"A": "一个与社会因素密切相关以精神症状表现为主的疾病", "B": "一组与心理因素密切相关以躯体症状表现为主的疾病", "C": "一组与心理社会因素密切相关,躯体症状表现为主的疾病", "D": "一个与心理社会因素相关以躯体症状表现为主的疾病"}, "answer": "一组与心理社会因素密切相关,躯体症状表现为主的疾病", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列选项中,符合手术治疗伦理要求的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "手术方案应当经患方知情同意", "B": "患者坚决要求而无指征的手术也可实施", "C": "手术对患者确实有益时,可无需患者知情同意", "D": "患者充分信任时,医生可自行决定手术方案"}, "answer": "手术方案应当经患方知情同意", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪一组都是糖酵解过程中的关键酶(  )。", "options": {"A": "己糖激酶、磷酸化酶、丙酮酸激酶", "B": "己糖激酶、6-磷酸果糖激酶-1、葡萄糖氧化酶", "C": "6-磷酸果糖激酶、己糖激酶、磷酸化酶", "D": "己糖激酶、6-磷酸果糖激酶-1、丙酮酸激酶"}, "answer": "己糖激酶、6-磷酸果糖激酶-1、丙酮酸激酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "可促进胰液、胆汁、小肠液分泌的胃液成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃酸", "B": "内因子", "C": "黏液", "D": "无机盐"}, "answer": "胃酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂大出血后,可能出现的表现不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "脾脏缩小", "B": "腹水减少", "C": "意识障碍", "D": "少尿"}, "answer": "腹水减少", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "坐位乘车时,急刹车,右膝前方受到撞击,出现右髋剧痛,髋关节运动障碍,处于屈曲、内收、内旋畸形状态。2.可能出现哪些合并损伤?(  )", "options": {"A": "坐骨神经损伤", "B": "股神经损伤", "C": "胫神经损伤", "D": "腓总神经损伤"}, "answer": "坐骨神经损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "咽结合膜热的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "柯萨奇病毒", "B": "腺病毒", "C": "流感病毒", "D": "衣原体"}, "answer": "腺病毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "根据微生物的分类,新生隐球菌属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "立克次氏体", "B": "真菌", "C": "放线菌", "D": "支原体"}, "answer": "真菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.氢氯噻嗪的作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "远曲小管近端Na+-Cl-共转运子", "B": "加快心率", "C": "阻滞Ca2+通道", "D": "增强心肌收缩力"}, "answer": "远曲小管近端Na+-Cl-共转运子", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不属于湿啰音特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "断续", "B": "连续多个", "C": "性质不变", "D": "部位易变"}, "answer": "部位易变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5岁小儿标准身高是(  )。", "options": {"A": "100cm", "B": "105cm", "C": "110cm", "D": "120cm"}, "answer": "105cm", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于医德现象,下列描述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医德活动现象对医德意识现象具有指导作用", "B": "医德规范现象是全部医德现象的核心", "C": "医德意识现象是医德活动现象的基础", "D": "医德意识现象是全部医德现象的核心"}, "answer": "医德规范现象是全部医德现象的核心", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,30岁,持续发热10天,体温呈稽留热。体检:精神委靡,反应淡漠,体温39.5℃,心率76次/分,肝肋下1.5cm,脾肋下2cm,WBC1.4×109/L,N0.40,L0.60,肥达反应01为80(+)、H1为160(+),ALTl80U/L,总胆红素22.2mol/L,HBsAg阴性。2.为确定诊断应进行检查的项目是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血培养", "B": "戊肝病毒抗体", "C": "丙肝病毒抗体", "D": "粪便培养"}, "answer": "血培养", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.5岁以下小儿营养状态较好时上臂围应该是(  )。", "options": {"A": ">13.5cm", "B": ">15.5cm", "C": "13.5~12.5cm", "D": "<12.5cm"}, "answer": ">13.5cm", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列对丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)的致病性与免疫性描述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大多数HCV感染者呈不显性感染,一旦发病,则已是慢性肝炎", "B": "HCV的抗原可形成免疫复合物,沉积于肾小球基底膜,引起肾小球肾炎", "C": "HCV感染可导致肝细胞癌", "D": "感染HCV后,机体可依次出现血清抗-C33C、抗-C22及抗-100-3等中和抗体,病后免疫力稳固,可预防再次感染HCV"}, "answer": "感染HCV后,机体可依次出现血清抗-C33C、抗-C22及抗-100-3等中和抗体,病后免疫力稳固,可预防再次感染HCV", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有一名30岁男性患者,病程4个月,头痛发作入院。入院前出现左侧肢体无力和呕吐。入院查体:意识清,眼底视乳头水肿,左上下肢肌力Ⅳ级,腱反射活跃,病理征(+)。4.考虑病变部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右顶部", "B": "左额部", "C": "左顶部", "D": "右小脑"}, "answer": "左额部", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "TH1细胞分泌(  )。", "options": {"A": "IFN-γ", "B": "IL-4", "C": "IL-5", "D": "IL-10"}, "answer": "IFN-γ", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "24岁,男性,农民,因畏寒、发热起病,伴全身肌肉酸痛,头痛4天入院。入院l天后发现皮肤有黄染,尿量减少,尿色深黄。查体:结膜充血,巩膜及皮肤中度黄染,皮肤有出血点,浅表淋巴结肿大,肝肋下1.0cm,压痛(+),脾(-)。实验室检查:WBC 15.4×109/L,N 0.8,L0.2。尿检:尿蛋白(+),颗粒管型1或2/HP,WBC 8~15/HP,RBC 20~30/HP。BUN 24mmol/L。凝集溶解试验阳性。3.哪一种药物治疗为首选药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "四环素", "B": "新诺明", "C": "青霉素", "D": "头孢曲松"}, "answer": "青霉素", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列符合细胞水肿描述的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞浆内出现大小不等的圆形空泡", "B": "线粒体、内质网无明显改变", "C": "细胞膜上的钠泵受损", "D": "原因消除,不能恢复正常"}, "answer": "细胞膜上的钠泵受损", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "免疫应答的特点不具有(  )。", "options": {"A": "特异性", "B": "识别自己非己", "C": "非特异性", "D": "耐受性"}, "answer": "识别自己非己", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于心身疾病的发病机制下列哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "A型性格可能与紧张的发生有关", "B": "情绪为心理因素影响躯体功能的媒介", "C": "个体易感性与心身疾病无关", "D": "生活事件、心理社会因素与心身疾病有关"}, "answer": "个体易感性与心身疾病无关", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,24岁,因发热2周伴咳嗽、纳差,用青霉素及卡那霉素治疗1周无效于8月20来诊。查T 39.6℃,P 88次/分,面色苍白,清,两肺散在湿性啰音,腹胀,脾侧及。WBC 4.0X109/L,N 76%,M 8%,L 16%。4.下列处理措施不宜采用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "少渣饮食", "B": "应进行病原治疗", "C": "高热时不宜用大量退热药", "D": "便秘应灌肠治疗"}, "answer": "便秘应灌肠治疗", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "核酸分子中核苷酸之间的连接键是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2′,5′磷酸二酯键", "B": "3′,5′磷酸二酯键", "C": "肽键", "D": "α-1,4糖苷键"}, "answer": "3′,5′磷酸二酯键", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿2岁,生后半年发现智力落后,尿有霉臭味,8个月开始出现癫痫小发作,诊断为典型苯丙酮尿症,给予低苯丙氨酸饮食,每日允许摄入量应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "10~30mg/kg", "B": "30~50mg/kg", "C": "50~70mg/kg", "D": "70~90mg/kg"}, "answer": "30~50mg/kg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有关结核菌素试验下述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "属于皮肤迟发型超敏反应", "B": "可检测机体对结核分枝杆菌的免疫状况", "C": "可检测机体细胞免疫功能状况", "D": "12~18h观察结果"}, "answer": "12~18h观察结果", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "矽肺的病变特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "矽结节形成", "B": "小气管炎症", "C": "胸膜肥厚", "D": "肺纤维化"}, "answer": "矽结节形成", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "目前尚不可特异性预防的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "流行性乙型脑炎", "B": "乙型肝炎", "C": "森林脑炎", "D": "登革热"}, "answer": "登革热", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,24岁,2年来有发作性神志丧失、四肢抽搐,服药不规则。今日凌晨开始又有发作,意识一直不清醒。来院后又有一次四肢抽搐发作。1.首先应选用的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "地西泮10mg静脉注射", "B": "醛5ml灌肠", "C": "苯妥英钠0.25g肌内注射", "D": "苯巴比妥0.5g肌内注射"}, "answer": "地西泮10mg静脉注射", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "酮体是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙酮+乳酸+乙酰乙酸", "B": "丙酮+β-羟丁酸+乙酰乙酸", "C": "丙酮+醋酸+乙酰乙酸", "D": "丙酮+乳酸+草酰乙酸"}, "answer": "丙酮+β-羟丁酸+乙酰乙酸", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,35岁,从高处跳下时,双下肢顿时感到无力。1.急救运送的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "双人扶着让病人走", "B": "一人抱着运送", "C": "一人抬头,一人抬脚运送", "D": "躺在木板床上运送"}, "answer": "躺在木板床上运送", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于抑癌基因的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "与癌基因的表达无关", "B": "肿癌细胞出现时才表达", "C": "具有抑制细胞增殖的作用", "D": "缺失与细胞的增殖和分化无关"}, "answer": "具有抑制细胞增殖的作用", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列符合临终关怀伦理要求的做法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尽力满足临终患者的生活需求", "B": "帮助临终患者抗拒死亡", "C": "满足临终患者结束生命的要求", "D": "建议临终患者选择安乐死"}, "answer": "尽力满足临终患者的生活需求", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "符合风湿热诊断标准的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏炎、环形红斑、ASO增高", "B": "心脏炎、血沉快、ASO增高", "C": "发热、关节痛、ASO增高", "D": "发热、CRP阳性、P-R间期延长"}, "answer": "心脏炎、环形红斑、ASO增高", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "代谢产物由胆汁排入肠道,很少经过肾排泄的磺脲类药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "格列吡嗪", "B": "格列本脲", "C": "格列波脲", "D": "格列喹酮"}, "answer": "格列喹酮", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女孩,6个月,1998年7月,因吐泻3天入院。大便10~15次/日,呈蛋花汤样,有腥臭味,尿量极少,前囟、眼窝凹陷,皮肤弹性极差,脉细弱,四肢厥冷,大便偶见白细胞,血清钠125mmol/L。3.下列各项处理措施正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "因吐泻明显,禁食4~6天", "B": "立即给予止泻剂", "C": "肌注抑制肠蠕动剂", "D": "静脉补液纠正脱水"}, "answer": "静脉补液纠正脱水", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.间叶组织分化的肿瘤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈部淋巴管瘤", "B": "皮肤恶性黑色素瘤", "C": "子宫绒毛膜癌", "D": "睾丸精原细胞瘤"}, "answer": "颈部淋巴管瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.属于Ⅳ型超敏反应导致的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "接触性皮炎", "B": "支气管哮喘", "C": "荨麻疹", "D": "链球菌感染后肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "接触性皮炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在骨髓涂片细胞学检查的内容中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "分数不同系列和不同发育阶段细胞", "B": "计数粒红比例", "C": "退化或破碎细胞在分数时应计入", "D": "巨核细胞单独计数"}, "answer": "退化或破碎细胞在分数时应计入", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.属于特异型感染的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "疖", "B": "痈", "C": "急性化脓性腹膜炎", "D": "气性坏疽"}, "answer": "气性坏疽", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "以下关于尿道损伤的叙述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "前尿道损伤多发生于球部", "B": "阴茎部尿道损伤多见", "C": "后尿道损伤多发生于骨盆骨折", "D": "医源性尿道狭窄有增多趋势"}, "answer": "阴茎部尿道损伤多见", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "骨筋膜室综合征常见的原因中哪项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "肢体严重的局部压迫", "B": "四肢骨折时小夹板包扎过紧", "C": "软组织严重的挫伤及挤压伤", "D": "开放性骨折所致的大量出血"}, "answer": "开放性骨折所致的大量出血", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.妊娠末期无痛性阴道流血应首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎盘早期剥离和羊水栓塞", "B": "妊娠合并心脏病", "C": "前置胎盘", "D": "羊水过多"}, "answer": "前置胎盘", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女婴5个月,突然高热烦躁,吃奶后频繁呕吐,两眼凝视,前囟紧张,脑脊液细胞数850×109/L,中性0.7,淋巴0.3,糖2.0mmol/L,蛋白1.2g/L,氯100mmol/L。2.选择抗生素的原则(  )。", "options": {"A": "最贵的抗生素", "B": "能透过血脑屏障的抗生素", "C": "副作用最小的抗生素", "D": "不经肾脏排泄的抗生素"}, "answer": "能透过血脑屏障的抗生素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "糖皮质激素对血细胞数目的影响是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞增多", "B": "淋巴细胞增多", "C": "血小板减少", "D": "嗜酸性粒细胞增加"}, "answer": "红细胞增多", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,10岁,发热、头痛一天,频发抽搐,昏迷5小时,血压测不到,右侧瞳孔散大,对光反射消失,此时不宜做的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "扩容,解痉", "B": "脑脊液检查", "C": "血液生化", "D": "血培养"}, "answer": "脑脊液检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是应用胰岛素治疗糖尿病不恰当的方法?(  )", "options": {"A": "从小量开始以避免Somogyi效应", "B": "血糖波动大量可加用双呱类药物", "C": "酮症酸中毒时首选普通胰岛素(RI)", "D": "高渗昏迷宜选用鱼精蛋白锌胰岛素(PZI)"}, "answer": "高渗昏迷宜选用鱼精蛋白锌胰岛素(PZI)", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.激活后能促进糖酵解代谢的主要受体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "α1受体", "B": "α2受体", "C": "β2受体", "D": "β3受体"}, "answer": "β2受体", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,65岁。下楼时不慎摔伤右髋部,查体右下肢短缩,外旋50°畸形,右髋肿胀不明显,但有叩痛。3.该患者最易发生的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "坐骨神经损伤", "B": "髋内翻畸形", "C": "股骨头缺血性坏死", "D": "髋关节周围创伤性骨化"}, "answer": "股骨头缺血性坏死", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于ACEI的作用机制,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "减少血液缓激肽水平", "B": "减少血液儿茶酚胺水平", "C": "减少血液加压素水平", "D": "增加细胞内cAMP水平"}, "answer": "减少血液缓激肽水平", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,28岁,被人发现昏迷且休克,屋内有火炉,且发现有敌敌畏空瓶。查体:体温36℃,脉搏90/60mmHg,四肢厥冷、腱反射消失、心电图一度房室传导阻滞。尿糖(+)、尿蛋白(+)、血液的COHb为60%。3.该病例在重度昏迷期间,下述哪一项并发症最不常见?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺水肿", "B": "上消化道出血", "C": "中毒性肝炎", "D": "肾功能衰竭"}, "answer": "中毒性肝炎", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,24岁。颜面部水肿、肉眼血尿伴咳嗽、痰中带血1周,少尿3天。BP 160/100mmHg,尿蛋白(++),RBC 20~30/HP,血Cr 420μmol/L,血清抗肾小球基底膜抗体阳性,B超示双肾增大。目前最关键的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血液透析", "B": "泼尼松", "C": "血浆置换", "D": "泼尼松联合环磷酰胺"}, "answer": "血浆置换", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "治疗亚急性感染性心内膜炎,应用抗生素的原则中错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "早期治疗", "B": "应用杀菌抗生素", "C": "疗程要长,需6~8周", "D": "分离出病原微生物后开始治疗"}, "answer": "分离出病原微生物后开始治疗", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "与急性阿米巴痢疾相比,以下有关急性细菌性痢疾的描述不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多有发热及毒血症状,腹痛重,常伴里急后重", "B": "多为黏液脓血便,量少", "C": "大便培养可有痢疾杆菌生长", "D": "疼痛多位于右下腹"}, "answer": "疼痛多位于右下腹", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,35岁。反复上腹痛5年,再发1个月,加重2天,5年来反复上腹痛,多发生于饥饿时,进食及口服碱性药可缓解,1个月来再发上腹痛,口服碱性药物缓解不满意,2天来上腹痛加重向后背放射,查体:上腹部压痛。血清淀粉酶320U/L,该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "十二指肠球前壁溃疡", "B": "胃窦溃疡", "C": "胃体溃疡", "D": "十二指肠球后壁溃疡"}, "answer": "十二指肠球后壁溃疡", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.长春新碱(  )。", "options": {"A": "干扰核酸合成", "B": "嵌入DNA干扰转录", "C": "干扰蛋白质合成", "D": "影响激素平衡"}, "answer": "干扰蛋白质合成", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.黄嘌呤氧化酶的产物为(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿酸", "B": "尿囊素", "C": "尿素", "D": "β—氨基异丁酸"}, "answer": "尿酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医学心理学是属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "医学的分支学科", "B": "社会学的分支学科", "C": "心理学的分支学科", "D": "心理生理学的分支学科"}, "answer": "心理学的分支学科", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "与吗啡治疗心源性哮喘机制无关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有强大的镇痛作用", "B": "有明显的镇静作用", "C": "血管扩张、心脏负荷减轻", "D": "降低呼吸中枢对CO2的敏感性"}, "answer": "有强大的镇痛作用", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,30岁。右肘关节外侧疼痛半年。查体:右侧Mills征阳性,X线检查未见异常。治疗和预防该病复发的关键是(  )。", "options": {"A": "局部按摩", "B": "早期手术", "C": "限制腕关节活动", "D": "药物治疗"}, "answer": "限制腕关节活动", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "正常成人安静时的通气/血流比值是(  )。", "options": {"A": "0.48", "B": "0.84", "C": "1.48", "D": "1.84"}, "answer": "0.84", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "《传染病防治法》中规定的甲类传染病为(  )。", "options": {"A": "布氏杆菌与炭疽", "B": "霍乱与炭疽", "C": "霍乱与鼠疫", "D": "麻风与艾滋病"}, "answer": "霍乱与鼠疫", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.调节远曲小管集合管对水重吸收的主要因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗利尿激素", "B": "醛固酮", "C": "血管紧张素Ⅱ", "D": "肾素"}, "answer": "抗利尿激素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,68岁。近3个月来常有黏液血便,大便次数增多。有肛门坠胀及里急后重感,大便变细,上述症状进行性加重。查体:生命体征平稳,腹部无明显阳性体征。血、尿常规均正常。2.患者未经积极治疗,3个月后出现膀胱刺激症状,最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膀胱原发肿瘤", "B": "血行转移", "C": "种植转移", "D": "直接浸润"}, "answer": "直接浸润", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一食堂,就餐者就餐1小时后,陆续出现唇、指甲及全身皮肤青紫等症状。1.根据中毒症状,中毒的原因最可能是下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "黄变米中毒", "B": "钡盐中毒", "C": "亚硝酸盐中毒", "D": "赤霉病毒中毒"}, "answer": "亚硝酸盐中毒", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "诊断脾破裂最有价值的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左上腹部有外伤史", "B": "MRI", "C": "有进行性贫血", "D": "腹腔穿刺抽出不凝血液"}, "answer": "腹腔穿刺抽出不凝血液", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,20岁。右腕部被刀割伤3小时。查体:右手小指掌背侧及环指尺侧感觉障碍。损伤的神经是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腋神经", "B": "正中神经", "C": "肌皮神经", "D": "尺神经"}, "answer": "尺神经", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿3岁,因发热、四肢关节游走性肿痛而入院。查体发现,心率快,176次/分,心音低钝,颈静脉怒张,肝大。立即进行治疗,下述措施中不正确的一项是(  )。", "options": {"A": "洋地黄制剂", "B": "利尿剂", "C": "维持电解质平衡", "D": "阿司匹林"}, "answer": "阿司匹林", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3个月女孩,高热,频繁呕吐2天,嗜睡1天,惊厥2次。体检:精神差,双眼凝视,前囟隆起,颈抵抗,心肺无异常,外周血WBC16×109/L,N 0.90,L 0.10。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上呼吸道感染", "B": "急性肾炎", "C": "化脓性脑膜炎", "D": "结核性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "化脓性脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "5岁患者,发热5天,头痛,呕吐3天。查体:心肺无异常,脑膜刺激征阳性。脑脊液:外观透明,细胞数100×106/L,蛋白质0.8g/L,糖3.0mmol/L,氯化物122mmol/L,脑脊液留置24小时无薄膜形成。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核性脑膜炎", "B": "病毒性脑膜炎", "C": "化脓性脑膜炎", "D": "新型隐球菌脑膜炎"}, "answer": "病毒性脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "45岁女患者,车祸头部受伤,伤后即昏迷,1小时后入院时,中度昏迷,右侧瞳孔散大,光反射消失,左上下肢病理征(+)。1.首先采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "20%甘露醇250mL静点", "B": "给予抗生素预防感染", "C": "地塞米松20mg静点", "D": "给予呼吸兴奋剂"}, "answer": "20%甘露醇250mL静点", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,自幼常发生黄疸,贫血检查证实为遗传性球形细胞增多症,最佳的治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "反复多次少量输血", "B": "糖皮质激素", "C": "脾切除", "D": "可不必治疗"}, "answer": "脾切除", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "风湿活动指标不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "白细胞计数增高,中性粒细胞增高", "B": "红细胞沉降率增快", "C": "C反应蛋白阳性", "D": "抗链球菌抗体增高"}, "answer": "抗链球菌抗体增高", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女性,38岁,公共汽车售票员,年前在工作中与乘客吵架后,出现多食易饥饿,性情急躁,易激动,失眠,多汗怕热,消瘦,心跳快。血压高达170/100mmHg,3个月感到眼睛发胀,大便溏泄,尿多。2.下列检查最有诊断价值的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全血细胞计数", "B": "同位素TSH、T3、T4检查", "C": "心电图", "D": "CT或B型超声"}, "answer": "同位素TSH、T3、T4检查", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "结核性脑膜炎病变性质属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "浆液性炎", "B": "肉芽肿性炎", "C": "纤维素性炎", "D": "浆液纤维素性炎"}, "answer": "浆液纤维素性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "痴呆的主要特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "感知障碍", "B": "判断理解力下降", "C": "不能自理生活", "D": "缓慢出现的智能减退"}, "answer": "缓慢出现的智能减退", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "兴奋性突触后电位是由于突触后膜提高了对下列哪些离子的通透性引起的?(  )", "options": {"A": "Cl-,Na+,尤其是Cl-", "B": "Na+,K+,尤其是Na+", "C": "K+,Na+,尤其是K+", "D": "Ca2+,Na+,尤其是Na+"}, "answer": "Na+,K+,尤其是Na+", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.哪一项是流行性斑疹伤寒的传播媒介?(  )", "options": {"A": "人虱", "B": "鼠蚤", "C": "蜱", "D": "蚊"}, "answer": "人虱", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某患者血浆清蛋白低于30g/L,出现水肿,主要原因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛细血管的通透性增加", "B": "血浆胶体渗透压下降", "C": "血浆晶体渗透压下降", "D": "淋巴回流增加"}, "answer": "血浆胶体渗透压下降", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,5岁,2周前曾患上呼吸道感染,目前不规则发热,易疲倦,脸色略苍白。查体:心率增快,心尖部第一心音减弱,并可闻及早搏。心电检查:P-R间期延长,ST段下移。实验室检查:C反应蛋白增高。3.该患儿首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "洋地黄类药物", "B": "地塞米松制剂", "C": "镇静剂", "D": "抗生素"}, "answer": "地塞米松制剂", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性活动性胃炎最主要的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "饮食和环境因素", "B": "自身免疫", "C": "幽门螺杆菌感染", "D": "应激"}, "answer": "幽门螺杆菌感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.记忆转化的机制(  )。", "options": {"A": "识记", "B": "保存", "C": "再认", "D": "复述"}, "answer": "复述", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "检查肌张力时,患者必须(  )。", "options": {"A": "无肌肉瘫痪", "B": "无肌肉萎缩", "C": "无肌束震颤", "D": "肌肉放松"}, "answer": "肌肉放松", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "哪项是下运动神经元瘫痪的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "肌张力增高", "B": "痉挛性瘫", "C": "出现病理反射", "D": "弛缓性瘫"}, "answer": "弛缓性瘫", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "甲状腺激素是由(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状旁腺细胞分泌", "B": "甲状腺腺泡细胞分泌", "C": "甲状腺胶质细胞分泌", "D": "甲状腺腺泡旁细胞分泌"}, "answer": "甲状腺腺泡细胞分泌", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪一种组合是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "谵妄——幻觉,错觉,昼轻夜重", "B": "神经衰弱——焦虑,疑病,幻觉", "C": "精神运动性抑制——抑郁,冲动", "D": "意识障碍——谵妄,昏睡"}, "answer": "神经衰弱——焦虑,疑病,幻觉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,40岁,患糖尿病10余年,尿蛋白阴性,近1个月感下腹部胀,排尿不畅伴尿失禁。B超显示“膀胱扩走,尿潴留”。其原因应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖尿病自主神经病变", "B": "糖尿病合并泌尿系感染", "C": "糖尿病合并慢性前列腺炎", "D": "糖尿病肾病"}, "answer": "糖尿病自主神经病变", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.小儿麻痹患者下肢肌肉萎缩(  )。", "options": {"A": "全身性萎缩", "B": "生理性萎缩", "C": "神经性萎缩", "D": "内分泌性萎缩"}, "answer": "神经性萎缩", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,12岁,患再生障碍性贫血半年,因重度贫血,需要反复输血。应输注的血液成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "洗涤红细胞", "B": "去除白细胞的红细胞", "C": "悬浮红细胞", "D": "浓缩红细胞"}, "answer": "去除白细胞的红细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,45岁。剧咳后右大腿卵圆窝部肿物突然增大、变硬,疼痛难忍。一天后用手法还纳后,出现剧烈的持续性下腹痛,并有明显的腹肌紧张、压痛与反跳痛,最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "难复性疝", "B": "嵌顿疝", "C": "易复性疝", "D": "急性腹膜炎"}, "answer": "急性腹膜炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是骨折晚期并发症?(  )", "options": {"A": "创伤性关节炎", "B": "休克", "C": "感染", "D": "脊髓损伤"}, "answer": "创伤性关节炎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,27岁。有不洁性交史。查体:外阴有一硬结节状物。荧光密螺旋体抗体吸收试验阳性。应选择的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉滴注甲硝唑", "B": "肌注青霉素", "C": "口服多西环素", "D": "口服红霉素"}, "answer": "肌注青霉素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是通过细胞膜受体发挥作用的?(  )", "options": {"A": "雌激素", "B": "糖皮质激素", "C": "甲状腺素", "D": "胰岛素"}, "answer": "胰岛素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4天的早产儿,第二胎,生后第2天出现嗜睡,呕吐,拒奶,时有烦躁及抽搐,偶有尖叫。查体:皮肤重度黄染,心率150次/分,两肺(-),腹软,肝脾肿大,四肢肌张力增强。化验RBC 4×1012/L,Hb130g/L,周围血涂片见有核RBC20%,血清胆红素342μmol/L,血糖3.75mmol/L。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低血糖症", "B": "溶血病合并胆红素脑病", "C": "重症新生儿肺炎", "D": "败血症合并化脓性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "溶血病合并胆红素脑病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,30岁,被汽油烧伤头颈、双上肢和胸腹部,其烧伤面积约为(  )。", "options": {"A": "10%", "B": "20%", "C": "40%", "D": "50%"}, "answer": "40%", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭常见的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺泡通气不足", "B": "弥散功能障碍", "C": "通气/血流比例失衡", "D": "肺结核"}, "answer": "通气/血流比例失衡", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,诊为慢性重型肝炎伴腹水,2天以来发热、腹痛、腹泻,全腹有压痛及反跳痛,腹水量增加,患者最可能并发了(  )。", "options": {"A": "自发性腹膜炎", "B": "肠道感染", "C": "阑尾炎", "D": "门静脉炎"}, "answer": "自发性腹膜炎", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,28岁,被人发现昏迷且休克屋内有火炉,且发现有敌敌畏空瓶。查体,体温36℃,BP 90/60mmHg,四肢厥冷,腱反射消失,心电图一度房室传导阻滞,尿糖(+),尿蛋白(+),血液的COHb为60%。2.诊断该病后,首要的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "20%甘露醇250ml快速静点", "B": "冬眠疗法", "C": "血液透析", "D": "氧气疗法"}, "answer": "氧气疗法", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "胎儿血液循环,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎盘来的动脉血经脐动脉进入胎儿", "B": "动脉导管开放", "C": "胎儿肺处于压缩状态", "D": "胎儿期供应上肢血氧量较下半身高"}, "answer": "胎盘来的动脉血经脐动脉进入胎儿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.一个测验工具对同一对象在几次测量中所得结果的一致程度,反映测验工具的可靠性、稳定性称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "信度", "B": "效度", "C": "标准化原则", "D": "客观性原则"}, "answer": "信度", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一女性,55岁,丧偶8年,现独居,嗜烟酒,不爱运动。平时性情抑郁,过分容忍,办事无主见,常顺从于别人。1月前行胃癌切除,术中及术后情绪低落,兴趣下降,独自流泪,有轻生之念。1.患者病前的行为特征属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "A型", "B": "C型", "C": "混合型", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "C型", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,30岁,深Ⅱ度烧伤面积10%,Ⅲ度烧伤面积30%,伤后注射止痛针后转院治疗,途中1小时,入院查体:血压70/40mmHg,脉率130次/分。6.立即给予的下列治疗中应除外(  )。", "options": {"A": "补液及热量", "B": "联合应用有效的广谱抗生素", "C": "预防严重并发症(如肾功能衰竭、应激性溃疡)的发生", "D": "立即切除尚余的焦痂,消除尚余的深Ⅱ度创面"}, "answer": "立即切除尚余的焦痂,消除尚余的深Ⅱ度创面", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肺通气/血流比值反映了肺部气体交换时的匹配情况。通气/血流比值增大表明(  )。", "options": {"A": "解剖无效腔增大", "B": "解剖性动—静脉短路", "C": "功能性动—静脉短路", "D": "肺泡无效腔增大"}, "answer": "肺泡无效腔增大", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.引起移植物抗宿主反应是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "供体内预存有抗受体的ABO血型抗体", "B": "供体内预存有抗受体的HLA-I类抗原的抗体", "C": "受体内预存有抗供体的ABO血型抗体", "D": "移植物中含有足够数量的免疫细胞"}, "answer": "移植物中含有足够数量的免疫细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,70岁。风湿性心脏瓣膜病20年,因心悸5天就诊。查体:自动体位,BP 150/70mmHg,心率119次/分,心律绝对不齐,心音强弱不等。心电图示:心房颤动。1.为控制该患者的心室率不宜首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "地高辛", "B": "美托洛尔", "C": "异搏定", "D": "硫氮卓酮"}, "answer": "地高辛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列对无效腔的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "从上呼吸道至呼吸性细支气管以前的呼吸道为解剖无效腔", "B": "进入肺泡内的气体也有一部分未能与血液进行气体交换", "C": "正常成人解剖无效腔的容量约为150ml", "D": "正常人无效腔的气体量等于余气量"}, "answer": "正常人无效腔的气体量等于余气量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于早产儿的概念,是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎龄不足36周,体重<2500g", "B": "胎龄不足37周,体重<2500g", "C": "胎龄不足37周,无论体重是多少", "D": "胎龄不足39周,体重<2500g"}, "answer": "胎龄不足37周,无论体重是多少", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "孕妇尿中与胎儿、胎盘功能关系密切的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "雌酮", "B": "雌二醇", "C": "雌三醇", "D": "孕酮"}, "answer": "雌三醇", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "8个月男孩,因腹泻住院治疗好转,但突然发热、咳嗽、喘息。T39.1℃,P180次/分,R70~98次/分,鼻翼煽动,口周稍发绀,两肺密集中小湿啰音,肝肋下5~6cm。1.应立即进行下列项目检查,除外(  )。", "options": {"A": "血常规", "B": "血气分析", "C": "乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原检查", "D": "测血压"}, "answer": "乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原检查", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "原发性肺结核的肺内原发灶常位于哪个部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺门", "B": "上叶下部近胸膜处", "C": "肺尖", "D": "肺膈面"}, "answer": "上叶下部近胸膜处", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.县级以上各级人民政府环境保护行政主管部门(  )。", "options": {"A": "医疗废物集中无害化处置", "B": "对医疗废物收集、运送、贮存、处置活动中的疾病防治工作实施统一监督管理", "C": "对医疗废物收集、运送、贮存、处置活动的环境污染防治工作实施统一监督管理", "D": "在各自的职责范围内负责与医疗废物处置有关的监督管理工作"}, "answer": "对医疗废物收集、运送、贮存、处置活动的环境污染防治工作实施统一监督管理", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,50岁。慢性阻塞性肺疾病史6年,1小时前突发呼吸困难加重,右侧胸痛、大汗、发绀,首先考虑诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性心肌梗死", "B": "自发性气胸", "C": "细菌性肺炎", "D": "急性肺栓塞"}, "answer": "自发性气胸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胃十二指肠急性穿孔最易形成(  )。", "options": {"A": "右膈下脓肿", "B": "左膈下脓肿", "C": "盆腔脓肿", "D": "肠间脓肿"}, "answer": "右膈下脓肿", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,体重50kg,躯干部、双臀及双大腿二度烧伤,双小腿及双足三度烧伤,第一个24h应补充的液体量约为(  )。", "options": {"A": "1500ml", "B": "1800ml", "C": "2700ml", "D": "3200ml"}, "answer": "1800ml", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男孩,8岁,左大腿下端肿痛。查体:体温39.5℃,局部皮温高,深压痛,穿刺抽出少量脓性液体。下一步治疗中,下述哪一项是最关键的?(  )", "options": {"A": "联合应用大剂量抗生素", "B": "全身支持疗法,注意水电解质平衡", "C": "局部减压引流", "D": "避免外伤骨折"}, "answer": "局部减压引流", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不能由真菌引起的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内源性感染", "B": "外源性感染", "C": "潜伏感染", "D": "毒素中毒"}, "answer": "潜伏感染", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "老年人无痛性肉眼血尿,首先应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "泌尿系肿瘤", "B": "泌尿系畸形", "C": "泌尿系感染", "D": "泌尿系结石"}, "answer": "泌尿系肿瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "胎儿娩出前2~4小时内不宜使用的镇痛药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "喷他佐辛", "B": "丙磺舒", "C": "布洛芬", "D": "哌替啶"}, "answer": "哌替啶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,21岁,左小腿因外伤手术后经常自伤口处流脓3年余,伤口愈合后无任何症状,破溃流脓时发热、局部肿胀,反复多次发作,现发热、局部流脓,有时流出小碎骨片。3.X线片示左胫骨有死腔,其外有包壳形成,其内有较大的死骨片,此时治疗应采取(  )。", "options": {"A": "大剂量联合有效抗生素", "B": "单纯闭式引流", "C": "清除病灶,取出死骨肌瓣填塞死腔", "D": "截肢术"}, "answer": "清除病灶,取出死骨肌瓣填塞死腔", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "治疗癫痫持续状态的首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯巴比妥钠", "B": "苯妥英钠", "C": "硫喷妥钠", "D": "地西泮"}, "answer": "地西泮", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者1小时前被他人刺伤左腹股沟中部,来院时,伤口有大量鲜血涌出,此时最先应检查的为。(  )。", "options": {"A": "触诊足背和胫后动脉", "B": "足部有否主动活动", "C": "检查肢体感觉有无缺失", "D": "立即做X线检查"}, "answer": "触诊足背和胫后动脉", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "脑出血的手术治疗指征,哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "皮质下,血肿量≥30ml", "B": "壳核区,血肿量≥30ml", "C": "脑干内,血肿量≥30ml", "D": "脑室内,血肿量≥30ml"}, "answer": "脑干内,血肿量≥30ml", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "临床主要依据以下哪项判断代谢性酸中毒?(  )", "options": {"A": "呼吸慢,心率慢,血压高", "B": "呼吸深而快,血浆碳酸氢根值下降", "C": "呼吸困难,血浆碳酸氢根值上升", "D": "呼吸浅而慢,血浆二氧化碳结合力下降"}, "answer": "呼吸深而快,血浆碳酸氢根值下降", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "结核结节主要由以下哪项组成?(  )", "options": {"A": "Ashoff细胞", "B": "类上皮细胞和Langhans巨细胞", "C": "淋巴细胞", "D": "巨噬细胞"}, "answer": "类上皮细胞和Langhans巨细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,25岁。产后10天,下腹痛伴发热3天。查体:T 39℃,P 98/分,R 26次/分。脓血性恶露,有恶臭。血常规:WBC 13×109/L,N 0.88。最可能的判断结果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "晚期产后出血", "B": "产褥中暑", "C": "急性膀胱炎", "D": "产褥感染"}, "answer": "产褥感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "能够产生抗体的结构是(  )。", "options": {"A": "未活化的B细胞", "B": "T细胞", "C": "浆细胞", "D": "B细胞"}, "answer": "浆细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.防止胆固醇析出形成胆道结石的重要原因是胆汁中含有(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆汁酸盐和磷脂酰胆碱", "B": "17-羟胆固醇和17-酮胆固醇", "C": "胆汁酸和维生素D", "D": "乙酰CoA和NADPH"}, "answer": "胆汁酸盐和磷脂酰胆碱", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有一名53岁男性患者,入院前3小时突然头痛呕吐,CT检查后入院,入院查体:意识清,痛苦面容,四肢肌张力肌力改变不明显,项强(-),头CT左侧裂池有高密度影像。1.诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑梗死", "B": "蛛网膜下腔出血", "C": "脑供血不全", "D": "脑膜炎"}, "answer": "蛛网膜下腔出血", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于断肢(指)再植,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "断肢平面越低,术后反应越轻", "B": "断肢平面越近躯干,再植后全身反应越大", "C": "断肢保存良好者,术后存活的可能性大", "D": "断肢保存的温度越高,断肢成活的机会越大"}, "answer": "断肢保存的温度越高,断肢成活的机会越大", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪种化脓性脑膜炎最易出现休克和皮肤出血点或瘀斑?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑膜炎双球菌脑膜炎", "B": "流感嗜血杆菌脑膜炎", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌脑膜炎", "D": "大肠埃希菌脑膜炎"}, "answer": "脑膜炎双球菌脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肾炎性肾病与单纯性肾病的主要鉴别点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量蛋白尿", "B": "血尿高血压", "C": "高胆固醇血症", "D": "低蛋白血症"}, "answer": "血尿高血压", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,28岁。1个月来3次无明显诱因突发心悸,胸闷、窒息感,浑身冷汗,感觉自己快不行了,极度紧张害怕,持续10余分钟,每次去医院急诊,除心电图是窦性心动过速外,余无异常。事后总担心下次再发作。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "广泛性焦虑障碍", "B": "分离(转换)性障碍", "C": "惊恐障碍", "D": "心脏病所致焦虑障碍"}, "answer": "惊恐障碍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "车祸后右膝外侧肿痛,右小腿前外侧、足背感觉减退,右足不能背伸。X线检查:右腓骨小头粉碎性骨折,如何制定治疗方案?(  )", "options": {"A": "右下肢伸直位石膏托固定", "B": "手术探查右腓总神经,取出碎骨块", "C": "右跟骨结节骨牵引", "D": "切开复位碎骨块"}, "answer": "手术探查右腓总神经,取出碎骨块", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列国家中安乐死合法化的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "日本", "B": "比利时", "C": "澳大利亚", "D": "美国"}, "answer": "比利时", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肝脏不能合成血浆内含有的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫球蛋白", "B": "凝血酶原", "C": "高密度脂蛋白", "D": "纤维蛋白原"}, "answer": "免疫球蛋白", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "抗原呈递细胞不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "B细胞", "B": "Mφ", "C": "内皮细胞", "D": "粒细胞"}, "answer": "粒细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在一般情况下,收缩压的高低主要反映(  )。", "options": {"A": "外周阻力", "B": "循环血量", "C": "每搏输出量", "D": "大动脉管壁弹性"}, "answer": "每搏输出量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一女孩发育正常,会坐、会爬,不能站立、行走,能发出“爸爸”等复音字。1.女孩最可能的年龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "5~6个月", "B": "6~7个月", "C": "7~8个月", "D": "9~10个月"}, "answer": "7~8个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1岁婴儿平均每天每公斤体重需要能量大约是(  )。", "options": {"A": "80~90kcal", "B": "90~100kcal", "C": "100~110kcal", "D": "120~130kcal"}, "answer": "90~100kcal", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于溃疡性结肠炎的叙述中,下列哪项不是此病的典型表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "最常受累的部位是升结肠和回肠末端", "B": "主要症状是腹泻,带有脓血及黏液", "C": "钡剂灌肠和纤维结肠镜是最有价值的检查", "D": "症状反复发作,久治不愈者癌变率高"}, "answer": "最常受累的部位是升结肠和回肠末端", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小发作的首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯妥英钠", "B": "乙琥胺", "C": "扑米酮", "D": "卡马西平"}, "answer": "乙琥胺", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一位来访者单位的同事,要求了解当事人心理治疗的情况,心理治疗师婉言谢绝,这是因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "保持客观中立的立场", "B": "不认识来访者的同事", "C": "心理治疗的关系限定原则", "D": "心理治疗的保密原则"}, "answer": "心理治疗的保密原则", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.能叫出物品名字,指出自己的手、眼的月龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "9个月", "B": "12个月", "C": "15个月", "D": "18个月"}, "answer": "12个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "用细棉丝轻触患者左眼角膜,双眼均不眨眼;轻触右眼角膜,两眼均眨眼。这是因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "左三叉神经损害", "B": "右三叉神经损害", "C": "左面神经麻痹", "D": "左动眼神经麻痹"}, "answer": "左三叉神经损害", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "由于眼外伤,眼球球体受到严重破坏,可能发生交感性眼炎,其原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "隐蔽Ag的释放", "B": "多克隆刺激", "C": "交叉抗原的出现", "D": "自身抗原发生改变"}, "answer": "隐蔽Ag的释放", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.医疗事故的主观方面(  )。", "options": {"A": "造成患者人身损害", "B": "过失", "C": "违法行为和损害结果之间有因果关系", "D": "实施了违反卫生管理法律、行政法规、部门规章和诊疗护理规范、常规的行为"}, "answer": "过失", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.肺梗死(  )。", "options": {"A": "梗死灶地图形", "B": "梗死灶节段状", "C": "梗死灶发生液化", "D": "梗死灶发生出血"}, "answer": "梗死灶发生出血", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "正常2岁小儿的平均身长应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "50cm", "B": "75cm", "C": "85cm", "D": "95cm"}, "answer": "85cm", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "苯丙酮尿症新生儿筛查采用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血氨基酸分析", "B": "尿蝶呤分析", "C": "尿三氯化铁试验", "D": "Guthrie细菌生长抑制试验"}, "answer": "Guthrie细菌生长抑制试验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,36岁,5天前发热、咽痛,应用抗生素治疗无效,颈部浅表淋巴结肿大,咽部充血。扁桃体Ⅱ°肿大,下肢少许瘀斑。白细胞16.6×109/L,原始细胞0.60,血红蛋白80g/L,血小板34×109/L。2.体检中应特别注意的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸骨压痛", "B": "浅表淋巴结肿大", "C": "皮肤出血点", "D": "心脏杂音"}, "answer": "胸骨压痛", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性呼吸窘迫综合征所致顽固性低氧血症的最主要机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "弥散功能障碍", "B": "通气/血流比例失调", "C": "分流率增加", "D": "呼吸功增加"}, "answer": "分流率增加", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列β-内酰胺类抗生素中哪种对伤寒沙门菌有效?(  )", "options": {"A": "苯唑西林", "B": "氨苄西林", "C": "羧苄西林", "D": "双氯西林"}, "answer": "氨苄西林", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "检测血清中的某种激素应采用(  )。", "options": {"A": "荧光标记法", "B": "放射性核素标记法", "C": "化学发光测光法", "D": "胶体金标记法"}, "answer": "放射性核素标记法", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "当风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄程度加重时,会出现的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心尖部舒张期隆隆样杂音增强,肺动脉第二音减低", "B": "心尖部舒张期隆隆样杂音减低,肺动脉第二音增强", "C": "心尖部舒张期隆隆样杂音增强,肺动脉第二音增强", "D": "心尖部舒张期隆隆样杂音增强,肺动脉第一音增强"}, "answer": "心尖部舒张期隆隆样杂音增强,肺动脉第二音增强", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩,孕36周出生。出生体重2000g,生后1天,吸吮欠佳。睾丸未降,皮肤毳毛多。2.该患儿拟补给液体,其需要量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "第一天补液量60~80ml/kg", "B": "第一天补液量50~70ml/kg", "C": "第一天补液量80~100ml/kg", "D": "第一天补液量90~1l0ml/kg"}, "answer": "第一天补液量60~80ml/kg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不符合水痘皮疹特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮疹呈向心性分布", "B": "皮疹最初形态为斑丘疹", "C": "丘疹、疱疹、结痂可同时存在", "D": "皮疹不伴瘙痒"}, "answer": "皮疹不伴瘙痒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,67岁吸烟者。家属发现患者呼之不应半小时急送医院。有COPD病史30余年。查体:BP 150/50mmHg,浅昏迷状,球结膜水肿。双肺可闻及干湿啰音,A2<P2。下肢水肿。为明确诊断首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉血气分析", "B": "胸部X线片", "C": "心脏超声波", "D": "肺功能"}, "answer": "动脉血气分析", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,30岁,在家属陪同下首次来门诊看病,精神检查发现有妄想症状。3.如果诊断是精神分裂症,除去妄想以外,还可能伴随的其他症状有(  )。", "options": {"A": "意识障碍", "B": "智能障碍", "C": "情感脆弱", "D": "感知觉障碍"}, "answer": "感知觉障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,41岁,近半年来,反复发生左上肢抽搐,每次半分钟左右自行缓解,诊断应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯部分性癫痫发作", "B": "小舞蹈病", "C": "自动症", "D": "肌阵挛发作"}, "answer": "单纯部分性癫痫发作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,40岁。因胃小弯胃窦部印戒细胞癌行胃大部切除术,术后4天咳嗽、咳粘痰。查体:双肺下叶背侧听诊可闻湿啰音。X线见双肺下叶散在不规则斑点状模糊阴影。请判断其为(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性支气管炎", "B": "大叶性肺炎", "C": "病毒性肺炎", "D": "小叶性肺炎"}, "answer": "小叶性肺炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "属于牵涉痛的情况(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆囊炎患者Murphy征阳性", "B": "阑尾炎患者麦氏点压痛阳性", "C": "右下肺炎患者右肩部疼痛", "D": "肋间神经炎患者电击样痛"}, "answer": "右下肺炎患者右肩部疼痛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "甲状腺大部切除术并发症中最危急的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "术后呼吸困难和窒息", "B": "喉返神经损伤", "C": "手足抽搐", "D": "甲状腺危象"}, "answer": "术后呼吸困难和窒息", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有一位女教师下肢静脉曲张,术中见静脉腔内有多个褐色物,堵塞管腔,该褐色物最可能是下述哪一种病变?(  )", "options": {"A": "静脉内血栓栓子", "B": "静脉内血栓", "C": "静脉内血凝块", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "静脉内血栓", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪项是以变质为主的炎症?(  )", "options": {"A": "感冒初期鼻黏膜炎", "B": "假膜性炎", "C": "绒毛心", "D": "流行性乙型脑炎"}, "answer": "流行性乙型脑炎", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.属于半抗原的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素", "B": "二硝基苯酚", "C": "脂多糖", "D": "BSA"}, "answer": "二硝基苯酚", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "机体可以降低外源性毒物毒性的反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝生物转化", "B": "肌糖原磷酸化", "C": "乳酸循环", "D": "甘油三酯分解"}, "answer": "肝生物转化", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列有关组胺的描述,哪项是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "主要存在于肥大细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞中", "B": "可使血管扩张及血管通透性升高", "C": "以上都正确", "D": "以上都错误"}, "answer": "以上都错误", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5岁小儿按公式计算身长、体重及头围约是(  )。", "options": {"A": "身长95cm、体重14kg、头围46cm", "B": "身长100cm、体重16kg、头围48cm", "C": "身长105cm、体重18kg、头围50cm", "D": "身长110cm、体重20kg、头围52cm"}, "answer": "身长105cm、体重18kg、头围50cm", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,6个月,发热3d,体温39~40℃,流涕,轻咳。查体:一般情况好,除咽部充血外,未见其他异常,家长一直服用中药治疗。近日热退,因皮肤出现红色斑丘疹而就诊。2.下列哪项为该病病原?(  )", "options": {"A": "腺病毒", "B": "人疱疹病毒6型", "C": "麻疹病毒", "D": "水痘病毒"}, "answer": "人疱疹病毒6型", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "右肾下极2.5cm×2.0cm肾癌,左肾无功能,应选择的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫治疗", "B": "根治性肾切除", "C": "肾部分切除", "D": "放射治疗"}, "answer": "肾部分切除", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "低渗性脱水较高渗性脱水更易发生(  )。", "options": {"A": "休克", "B": "烦渴", "C": "高热", "D": "脑血管破裂"}, "answer": "休克", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,55岁。骨折术后卧床3天,突发呼吸困难。既往高血压病史10年,血压控制良好。查体:BP 120/80mmHg。下列体征对鉴别诊断肺栓塞和左心衰竭最有意义的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈静脉怒张", "B": "口唇发绀", "C": "心动过速", "D": "呼吸过快"}, "answer": "颈静脉怒张", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.叶酸、维生素B12含量少的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "牛奶", "B": "全脂奶粉", "C": "羊奶", "D": "酸牛奶"}, "answer": "羊奶", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.房间隔缺损的特征性杂音(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸骨左缘第3~4肋间闻及3/6~4/6级粗糙的全收缩期杂音", "B": "胸骨左缘第2~3肋问闻及2/6~3/6级喷射性收缩期杂音", "C": "胸骨左缘第2肋间闻及粗糙响亮的连续性机器样杂音", "D": "心尖区闻及3/6~4/6级吹风样收缩期杂音"}, "answer": "胸骨左缘第2~3肋问闻及2/6~3/6级喷射性收缩期杂音", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "骨折病人发生休克的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肿胀", "B": "出血", "C": "疼痛", "D": "惊吓"}, "answer": "出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新生儿体温调节功能不健全,维持体温产热主要依靠(  )。", "options": {"A": "摄入足量奶类", "B": "每天滴注葡萄糖液", "C": "棕色脂肪产热", "D": "肢体寒战产热"}, "answer": "棕色脂肪产热", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "24岁,男性,农民,因畏寒、发热起病,伴全身肌肉酸痛,头痛4天入院。入院l天后发现皮肤有黄染,尿量减少,尿色深黄。查体:结膜充血,巩膜及皮肤中度黄染,皮肤有出血点,浅表淋巴结肿大,肝肋下1.0cm,压痛(+),脾(-)。实验室检查:WBC 15.4×109/L,N 0.8,L0.2。尿检:尿蛋白(+),颗粒管型1或2/HP,WBC 8~15/HP,RBC 20~30/HP。BUN 24mmol/L。凝集溶解试验阳性。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性黄疸型肝炎", "B": "伤寒溶血尿毒综合征", "C": "疟疾黑尿病", "D": "钩端螺旋体病"}, "answer": "钩端螺旋体病", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,35岁。近3个月来经常感到不明原因紧张,不能控制地胡思乱想,时而伴有失控感、窒息,每次持续时间不长,常突然发作。该患者可能的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "痴呆", "B": "抑郁症", "C": "精神分裂症", "D": "焦虑症状"}, "answer": "焦虑症状", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,26岁。近1个月来兴高采烈,话多,自觉脑子聪明,无疲倦感。其主要表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "不协调性精神运动兴奋", "B": "协调性精神运动兴奋", "C": "强迫症状", "D": "思维内容障碍"}, "answer": "协调性精神运动兴奋", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性硬膜外血肿患者,中间清醒期的长短主要决定于(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发脑损伤的程度", "B": "血肿的部位", "C": "血肿形成的速度", "D": "血肿的大小"}, "answer": "血肿形成的速度", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "T细胞产生的细胞因子不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "IL-1", "B": "IL-2", "C": "IL-3", "D": "IL-6"}, "answer": "IL-1", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "初孕妇,25岁。妊娠33周,BP 150/90mmHg,尿蛋白0.5g/24h,伴有上腹部不适,头痛等症状。该患者属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "妊娠期高血压", "B": "轻度子痫前期", "C": "重度子痫前期", "D": "慢性高血压合并子痫前期"}, "answer": "轻度子痫前期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男性,28岁,心慌、怕热、多汗、消瘦、易饿4个月,甲状腺弥慢性I度肿大,血TSH降低,T3和T4增高,诊为甲状腺功能亢进症。甲巯咪唑(他巴唑)每天30mg,20d后血白细胞2.2×109/L,中性粒细胞1.0×109/L。甲状腺功能亢进症的下一步治疗宜选(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲巯咪唑与升白细胞药合用", "B": "改用丙基硫氧嘧啶", "C": "核素131I治疗", "D": "白细胞恢复正常后立即手术治疗"}, "answer": "甲巯咪唑与升白细胞药合用", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肾病综合征小儿常见并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性腹膜炎", "B": "低钠血症", "C": "低钙血症", "D": "以上均是"}, "answer": "以上均是", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "阵发性室性心动过速需要及时终止其发作,最主要的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可引起心源性休克", "B": "可诱发心力衰竭", "C": "可发生栓塞", "D": "可发展为心室颤动"}, "answer": "可发展为心室颤动", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "酮体包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙酰乙酸、β-羟丁酸、丙酮酸", "B": "草酰乙酸、β-羟丁酸、丙酮", "C": "乙酰乙酸、γ-羟丁酸、丙酮", "D": "乙酰乙酸、β-羟丁酸、丙酮"}, "answer": "乙酰乙酸、β-羟丁酸、丙酮", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于流行性脑脊髓膜炎的综合性预防措施的描述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "早期发现和隔离治疗病人", "B": "密切接触者需观察3天", "C": "对接触者不必给予处置", "D": "脑膜炎球菌A群多糖体菌苗保护率为50%"}, "answer": "早期发现和隔离治疗病人", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,22岁,农民,因3天来发热、腰痛、头痛、头晕,于12月15日入院。查:T37.6℃,BP 70/40mmHg,眼结膜充血,面部、颈部潮红,胸腹两侧壁散在小出血点,双肾区有叩击痛。血WBC 18×109/L,血小板52×109/L,尿蛋白(+++)。镜检每高倍视野有10~20个红细胞,1~2个管型。1.诊断考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾炎", "B": "肾综合征出血热", "C": "败血症", "D": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎休克型"}, "answer": "肾综合征出血热", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.渗出的组胺的主要作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "起趋化作用", "B": "使血管通透性升高", "C": "导致疼痛", "D": "加重组织损伤"}, "answer": "使血管通透性升高", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于腹部损伤的叙述,下列哪项是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "因多数腹部损伤涉及内脏而伤情严重,死亡率一般在30%以上", "B": "有腹膜破损者为穿透伤(多伴内脏损伤)", "C": "涉及内脏的开放性损伤,诊断常较困难", "D": "穿透伤的入、出口与伤道成直线"}, "answer": "有腹膜破损者为穿透伤(多伴内脏损伤)", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.艾滋病的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "苍白密螺旋体", "B": "人乳头瘤病毒", "C": "解脲支原体", "D": "人免疫缺陷病毒"}, "answer": "人免疫缺陷病毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "皮质醇增多症时,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制脂肪合成", "B": "抑制蛋白质合成", "C": "嗜酸粒细胞绝对值增高", "D": "抑制垂体促性腺激素"}, "answer": "嗜酸粒细胞绝对值增高", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,24岁,因心悸、多食、消瘦、月经量少就诊,经查体及实验检查确诊为Graves病,病人幼年时有哮喘史,不能应用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "他巴唑(甲巯咪唑)", "B": "卡比马唑", "C": "甲状腺素片", "D": "普萘洛尔"}, "answer": "普萘洛尔", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.学龄前儿童正常心率是(  )。", "options": {"A": "120~140次/分", "B": "110~130次/分", "C": "100~120次/分", "D": "80~100次/分"}, "answer": "80~100次/分", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "原位癌是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "早期癌", "B": "原发癌", "C": "未发生转移的癌", "D": "未突破基底膜的癌"}, "answer": "未突破基底膜的癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "促进间质细胞分泌睾酮的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "黄体生成素", "B": "促卵泡激素", "C": "促性腺激素释放激素", "D": "雄烯二酮"}, "answer": "黄体生成素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,59岁,右上腹剧痛15天,伴发热10天。乙肝病史10年,慢性支气管炎病史8年。查体:T 38.3℃,慢性病容,颈静脉无怒张,双肺呼吸音减弱,未闻及湿啰音,腹膨隆,肝右肋下4cm,双下肢凹陷性水肿。肝功能检查正常。2.下列检查对明确诊断意义不大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部CT", "B": "腹部B型超声", "C": "血乙肝病毒DNA", "D": "肝穿刺活检"}, "answer": "血乙肝病毒DNA", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对收受药品生产经营企业或其代理人财务且情节严重的医师,卫生计生行政部门应当作出的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "注销执业证书", "B": "吊销执业证书", "C": "记过", "D": "警告"}, "answer": "吊销执业证书", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "最先提出“不伤害原则”的西方医学家是(  )。", "options": {"A": "希波克拉底", "B": "盖仑", "C": "维萨里", "D": "白求恩"}, "answer": "希波克拉底", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项表现为血清铁减低、总铁结合力增高及转运铁蛋白饱和度减低?(  )", "options": {"A": "感染性贫血", "B": "海洋性贫血", "C": "缺铁性贫血", "D": "铁粒幼细胞性贫血"}, "answer": "缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列不符合注销注册,收回医师执业证书的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "死亡或者被宣告失踪的", "B": "受吊销医师执业证书行政处罚的", "C": "依法规定暂停执业期满、再次考核仍不合格的", "D": "中止医师执业满1年的"}, "answer": "中止医师执业满1年的", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "以下不属于结核性脑膜炎脑脊液特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞数约(50~500)×106/L", "B": "单核细胞约为0.7~0.8", "C": "糖含量常在3~4mmol/L", "D": "蛋白多为1.0~3.0g/L"}, "answer": "糖含量常在3~4mmol/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,35岁,颈部增粗,伴失眠,易激动,食欲亢进半年。查体:甲状腺弥漫性肿大,眼球突出,脉搏100次/分,血压130/80mmHg,CT示胸骨后甲状腺肿。为明确诊断,抽血测T3、T4和TSH,预计2.该患者首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "用普萘洛尔治疗", "B": "131I治疗", "C": "甲状腺大部切除术", "D": "抗甲状腺药物治疗"}, "answer": "甲状腺大部切除术", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在医患交往过程中,医护人员不恰当的交往方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "重视患者的自我感受", "B": "采取封闭和开放式的提问", "C": "用专业术语进行交流", "D": "关注疾病本身和相关话题"}, "answer": "用专业术语进行交流", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "先天愚型染色体检查中,下列哪项核型最常见?(  )", "options": {"A": "47,XX(XY),+21", "B": "46,XX(XY),-14,+t(14q;21q)", "C": "45,XX(XY),-14,-21,+t(14q;21q)", "D": "46,XX(XY),-22,+t(21q;22q)"}, "answer": "47,XX(XY),+21", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肝细胞及脂肪细胞合成脂肪的主要途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甘油途径", "B": "脂肪酸途径", "C": "一酯酰甘油途径", "D": "二酯酰甘油途径"}, "answer": "二酯酰甘油途径", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,10个月,母乳喂养近1个月面色渐苍白,不愿活动,食欲差,查体发现肝脏增大,于右肋下可触及3cm,心率124次/分,节律不整,心音尚有力,其肝脏大的原因最大可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心功能不全", "B": "急性肝炎", "C": "骨髓外造血", "D": "营养不良"}, "answer": "骨髓外造血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,50岁。劳累时胸痛2年,每于上3层楼梯时症状发作,含服硝酸甘油1~3分钟可缓解。既往高血压病史5年,糖尿病病史4年。可改善该患者预后的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "冠状动脉支架植入术", "B": "皮下注射低分子肝素", "C": "长期口服营养心肌类药物", "D": "长期口服他汀类药物"}, "answer": "长期口服他汀类药物", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于重度妊娠期高血压病的治疗,下列哪项不适宜?(  )", "options": {"A": "解痉,镇静,防止抽搐", "B": "适时终止妊娠", "C": "严格控制钠盐入量,防止水肿加重", "D": "扩容剂的选择,胶体溶液优于晶体溶液"}, "answer": "严格控制钠盐入量,防止水肿加重", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "局灶性节段性肾小球硬化的病变特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球正常,肾小管脂质沉积", "B": "局灶性节段性玻璃样变和硬化", "C": "局灶性节段性增生或系膜增宽", "D": "系膜增生,肾小球基底膜呈双轨状"}, "answer": "局灶性节段性玻璃样变和硬化", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项不是手术治疗中一般病人的知情权?(  )", "options": {"A": "有同意的合法权利", "B": "有权自主选择", "C": "有明确决定的理解力", "D": "有家属代为决定的权利"}, "answer": "有家属代为决定的权利", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,55岁,双下肢无力半年,右侧明显,近2个月行走不稳,右手不能扣纽扣,无外伤史,无发热。查体:颈背部无明显压痛,两上肢前臂、手及上臂尺侧皮肤感觉减退,右侧尤其明显,四肢肌张力增高,肱二头肌反射亢进,双侧膝踝反射亢进,右髌阵挛阳性,右巴宾斯基征阳性。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈椎肿瘤", "B": "颈椎病", "C": "脑中风", "D": "颈神经根炎"}, "answer": "颈椎病", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "青春期无排卵型功血的治疗原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "促进内膜剥落、调整月经周期", "B": "止血,促进排卵", "C": "止血,调整周期", "D": "减少出血,促进卵巢排卵"}, "answer": "止血,调整周期", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为老年人蛛网膜下腔出血的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "常有抽搐发作", "B": "头痛、呕吐严重", "C": "意识障碍多见,头痛不明显", "D": "常伴眼底视网膜出血"}, "answer": "意识障碍多见,头痛不明显", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.慢性粒细胞性白血病的实验室检查特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓细胞内可见Auer小体", "B": "中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶活性增高", "C": "Ph染色体阳性", "D": "非特异性酯酶染色阳性,可被NaF抑制"}, "answer": "Ph染色体阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "年轻女患者,反复发作性头痛3年。每次发作前都有2小时左右的烦躁、饥饿感,随之一眼出现异彩,持续约30分钟,缓解后出现头痛,呈钻痛、搏动性,常伴恶心、呕吐,持续4~5小时后进入睡眠可缓解。诊断应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "紧张性头痛", "B": "丛集性头痛", "C": "特殊类型偏头痛", "D": "有先兆的偏头痛"}, "answer": "有先兆的偏头痛", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在组织或尿沉淀细胞核内观察到猫眼状包涵体,有助于诊断的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "巨细胞感染", "B": "疱疹病毒感染", "C": "脊髓灰质炎病毒感染", "D": "甲型肝炎病毒"}, "answer": "巨细胞感染", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.婴儿食物特殊动力作用(SDA)所需能量(  )。", "options": {"A": "占总能量的50%~60%", "B": "占总能量的25%~30%", "C": "占总能量的7%~8%", "D": "占总能量的5%"}, "answer": "占总能量的7%~8%", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "增加左旋多巴疗效,减少不良反应的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡比多巴", "B": "利血平", "C": "维生素B6", "D": "苯乙肼"}, "answer": "卡比多巴", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对诊断慢性粒细胞白血病急性变有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "原化疗方案无效", "B": "体重下降,脾脏急剧肿大", "C": "胸骨骨痛剧烈", "D": "骨髓中原粒细胞>30%"}, "answer": "骨髓中原粒细胞>30%", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "孕妇于某经产前检查,诊断出胎儿有严重缺陷。3.实施医师的医学意见时应当(  )。", "options": {"A": "医师和患者共同签署意见", "B": "经本人同意", "C": "经本人同意并签署意见", "D": "本人无行为能力的经其监护人同意"}, "answer": "经本人同意并签署意见", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,42岁。普查发现距肛门缘上8cm处直肠肿块,溃疡型,锁骨淋巴结末及,腹部平软,未及肿块。B超检查未见肝脏肿块。1.下列哪项可最终明确诊断?(  )", "options": {"A": "活组织病理切片检查", "B": "测定血CEA浓度", "C": "核素扫描", "D": "直肠镜检查"}, "answer": "活组织病理切片检查", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于功能性低血糖病人,为减少低血糖发作,下列哪一项饮食调整是不对的?(  )", "options": {"A": "进较干食物", "B": "高蛋白饮食", "C": "高脂饮食", "D": "低纤维饮食"}, "answer": "低纤维饮食", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性支气管炎最常见的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管扩张", "B": "肺炎", "C": "肺气肿", "D": "肺脓肿"}, "answer": "肺气肿", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "支气管柱状扩张的典型X线表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "轨道征", "B": "树芽征", "C": "残根征", "D": "蜂窝肺"}, "answer": "轨道征", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "房间隔缺损X线检查表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "右房右室大", "B": "左室右室大", "C": "右室左房大", "D": "右房左房大"}, "answer": "右房右室大", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.5-羟色胺的前体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鸟氨酸", "B": "谷氨酸", "C": "组氨酸", "D": "色氨酸"}, "answer": "色氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,55岁。5个月来乏力、面色苍白,既往体健。化验Hb 72g/L,WBC 3.5×109/L,分类N 65%,L 32%,M 3%,PLT 45×109/L,骨髓增生明显活跃,原始细胞15%,可见Auer小体,全片见巨核细胞48个,易见小巨核细胞,骨髓细胞外铁(++),细胞内铁见环状铁粒幼细胞10%。临床考虑MDS,根据FAB分型最可能的类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "RA型", "B": "RAS型", "C": "RAEB-t型", "D": "CMML型"}, "answer": "RAEB-t型", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "再障的诊断,下列哪一项不正确?(  )。", "options": {"A": "一般无肝脾和淋巴结肿大", "B": "中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶阳性率和积分减低", "C": "骨髓可呈灶性增生,但巨核细胞减少", "D": "末梢血淋巴细胞比例增高"}, "answer": "中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶阳性率和积分减低", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "最可能引起左心室负荷增加的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "二尖瓣狭窄", "B": "肺动脉瓣狭窄", "C": "主动脉瓣关闭不全", "D": "主动脉瓣狭窄"}, "answer": "主动脉瓣关闭不全", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.心肌梗死(  )。", "options": {"A": "凝固性坏死", "B": "液化性坏死", "C": "气性坏疽", "D": "湿性坏疽"}, "answer": "凝固性坏死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "9个月女孩,母乳喂养,面色蜡黄,表情呆滞,烦躁不安.肝肋下2cm,脾肋下1cm。红细胞2.8×1012/L,血红蛋白70g/L,红细胞大小不等,大的红细胞内中央浅染区扩大,骨髓片呈巨幼细胞增生,其核粗松,胞浆较少。1.最可能诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "溶血性贫血", "B": "营养性巨幼细胞性贫血", "C": "营养性混合性贫血", "D": "白血病"}, "answer": "营养性混合性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,69岁。反复咳嗽、咳痰、喘息20年,加重2周,嗜睡1周。无发热、咯血。既往吸烟30年,每日约1包。查体:T 36.8℃,BP 160/95mmHg,昏睡状,口唇发绀,颈静脉充盈,肝颈静脉回流征阳性,双肺可闻及哮鸣音和细湿啰音,心率130次/分,P2>A2,双下肢水肿,病理征(-)。该患者肺动脉高压形成的最主要机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "原位血栓形成", "B": "肺毛细血管静水压升高", "C": "肺小动脉结构重塑", "D": "血红蛋白浓度升高"}, "answer": "肺小动脉结构重塑", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "房间隔缺损的杂音形成的原因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "血流于分流处形成涡流", "B": "血流冲击右心房", "C": "右房室瓣相对狭窄", "D": "右心室流出道相对狭窄"}, "answer": "右心室流出道相对狭窄", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "最容易合并休克的骨折是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肱骨骨折", "B": "尺骨和桡骨骨折", "C": "股骨骨折", "D": "第二跖骨骨折"}, "answer": "股骨骨折", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.头部刀砍伤后,局部有脑脊液漏出是(  )。", "options": {"A": "开放性骨折", "B": "闭合性脑损伤", "C": "开放性脑损伤", "D": "火器伤"}, "answer": "开放性脑损伤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪一项是判定肺结核临床类型的主要依据?(  )", "options": {"A": "痰菌检查", "B": "肺部体征", "C": "全身中毒症状", "D": "胸部X线征象"}, "answer": "胸部X线征象", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,男,出生3天。黄疸迅速加重2天,足月儿,母乳喂养。母亲血型为O型、Rh阳性,父亲血型为AB型、Rh阳性,实验室检查:TBil 289μmol/L。2.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿败血症", "B": "新生儿肝炎综合征", "C": "新生儿母乳性黄疸", "D": "ABO血型不合溶血病"}, "answer": "ABO血型不合溶血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,38岁。突然呕血1天。呕吐物为血混有食物,共4次,每次约100ml,伴头晕。既往消化道溃疡病史6年。查体:P 100次/分,BP 100/70mmHg,贫血貌,巩膜无黄染,腹平软,无压痛,未触及包块,腹水征(-)。临床确定出血部位应特别注意检查(  )。", "options": {"A": "贲门部和十二指肠前壁", "B": "胃底部和十二指肠球后部", "C": "胃小弯和十二指肠上部", "D": "幽门和十二指肠前壁"}, "answer": "胃小弯和十二指肠上部", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某患者中指离断伤,再植术后10h。发现患指苍白.皮温低于健侧3℃.经解除包扎,解痉药物等处理,不见好转。此时应采取(  )。", "options": {"A": "继续观察", "B": "臂丛神经阻滞麻醉", "C": "应用抗凝溶栓药物", "D": "立即手术探查吻合的血管情况"}, "answer": "立即手术探查吻合的血管情况", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,25岁,鼻衄、牙龈出血、皮肤瘀斑3天。查体:T 37.8℃,胸骨压痛,血常规:WBC 2.8×109/L,Hb 80g/L,PLT1.8×109/L,血分类中未见异常细胞,尿常规可见多个红细胞。5.支持治疗中勿用(  )。", "options": {"A": "输血小板", "B": "补充凝血因子制品", "C": "抗生素", "D": "维持营养"}, "answer": "补充凝血因子制品", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "构成医疗事故的客观要件必须是给病员造成危害结果,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "因诊疗护理过失延长了治疗时间", "B": "组织器官损伤导致功能障碍", "C": "严重毁容", "D": "死亡"}, "answer": "因诊疗护理过失延长了治疗时间", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.上述哪项为以人本主义理论为基础的疗法?(  )", "options": {"A": "自由联想疗法", "B": "森田疗法", "C": "询者中心疗法", "D": "支持疗法"}, "answer": "询者中心疗法", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医疗保健机构必须经县级以上地方人民政府卫生行政许可,才能开始下述哪项母婴保健技术服务?(  )", "options": {"A": "施行结扎手术和终止妊娠手术", "B": "婚前医学检查、母婴保健指导和计划生育手术", "C": "婚前医学检查、遗传病诊断、产前诊断及施行结扎手术和终止妊娠手术", "D": "婚前医学检查、遗传病诊断、婚前保健、孕产期保健、新生儿保健"}, "answer": "婚前医学检查、遗传病诊断、产前诊断及施行结扎手术和终止妊娠手术", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医学心理学的研究任务不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "人格特征或行为模式在心理学中的意义", "B": "如何运用心理治疗的方法达到保健的目的", "C": "医学管理中存在的心理问题解决办法", "D": "心理评估手段在疾病预防中的作用"}, "answer": "医学管理中存在的心理问题解决办法", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.昏迷病人的求医行为属(  )。", "options": {"A": "被动型", "B": "强制型", "C": "参与型", "D": "合作型"}, "answer": "被动型", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "为中度营养不良患儿供给热量和蛋白质开始应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "热量40kcal/(kg·d),蛋白质4g/(kg·d)", "B": "热量60kcal/(kg·d),蛋白质2g/(kg·d)", "C": "热量80kcal/(kg·d),蛋白质3g/(kg·d)", "D": "热量100kcal/(kg·d),蛋白质4g/(kg·d)"}, "answer": "热量60kcal/(kg·d),蛋白质2g/(kg·d)", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪条血管闭塞最易导致偏瘫?(  )", "options": {"A": "小脑下后动脉", "B": "大脑中动脉", "C": "脊髓前动脉", "D": "大脑前动脉"}, "answer": "大脑中动脉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性肺栓塞病症常见的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺血栓栓塞症", "B": "肺瘤栓栓塞综合征", "C": "肺羊水栓塞综合征", "D": "肺脂肪栓塞综合征"}, "answer": "肺血栓栓塞症", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.国外胰腺炎最常见病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆道疾病", "B": "过量饮酒", "C": "暴饮暴食", "D": "高脂血症"}, "answer": "过量饮酒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.肾综合征出血热的传染源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "羊", "B": "啮齿动物", "C": "猪", "D": "病人"}, "answer": "啮齿动物", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "地方性斑疹伤寒的主要传染源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "家鼠", "B": "蚊", "C": "野鼠", "D": "人"}, "answer": "家鼠", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,58岁,患高血压性心脏病数年,有时因激动或过劳而发生心绞痛,最初经休息后尚可白行缓解,几天之后心绞痛加重并有心律失常,此时合理的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "普萘洛尔+维拉帕米", "B": "硝酸甘油+硝酸异山梨醇", "C": "地尔硫+普萘洛尔", "D": "硝酸甘油+普萘洛尔"}, "answer": "硝酸甘油+普萘洛尔", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "风湿性疾病如类风湿性关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮等,最重要的治疗目标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心理上安慰", "B": "防止并发症", "C": "防止反复发作", "D": "减轻和缓解症状"}, "answer": "防止反复发作", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "主动脉瓣在下列哪一期关闭?(  )", "options": {"A": "等容收缩期开始时", "B": "快速充盈期开始时", "C": "等容舒张期开始时", "D": "快速射血期开始时"}, "answer": "等容舒张期开始时", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.输血反应(  )。", "options": {"A": "隐蔽抗原", "B": "修饰抗原", "C": "抗同种异型抗体", "D": "交叉反应性抗体"}, "answer": "抗同种异型抗体", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列属于心力衰竭常见病因的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管哮喘", "B": "肺部感染", "C": "冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病", "D": "洋地黄用量不当"}, "answer": "冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,45岁。农民。发热伴发冷、头痛、全身痛、乏力4天,咳嗽、血痰及咯血1天于8月25日来诊。当地正值洪水灾害,有数十人发病。查体:T 39℃,神志清,球结膜充血,腓肠肌压痛,腹股沟淋巴结蚕豆大,最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾综合征出血热", "B": "败血症", "C": "钩端螺旋体病", "D": "流感"}, "answer": "钩端螺旋体病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "27岁男性,入院前1小时右腕上6cm处被机器绞断,软组织挫伤严重,神经血管均较骨骼短缩2cm,该病人最好的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "清创后,残端缝合", "B": "包扎换药", "C": "立即行断肢再植术", "D": "清创后,做前臂分叉成形术"}, "answer": "立即行断肢再植术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "我国的《传染病防治法》适用于下列人员,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "外国公民", "B": "我国境内的无国籍人员", "C": "驻我国的外国使、领馆外交人员", "D": "我国公民"}, "answer": "外国公民", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男性,7岁,咳嗽1周,喘3天,无发热,门诊就诊。2.哪一项检查对诊断有帮助?(  )", "options": {"A": "病毒分离", "B": "X线正位片", "C": "冷凝集试验", "D": "OT试验"}, "answer": "X线正位片", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "高血压病时,血管壁的玻璃样变性主要出现在(  )。", "options": {"A": "中等动脉", "B": "小动脉", "C": "静脉", "D": "细小动脉"}, "answer": "细小动脉", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "与致病性无关的细菌合成代谢产物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "热原质", "B": "侵袭性酶", "C": "外毒素", "D": "细菌素"}, "answer": "细菌素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,23岁。新婚,月经规律,经量较多。尚无生育计划。最应该建议的避孕方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "复方短效口服避孕药", "B": "宫内节育器", "C": "安全期避孕", "D": "体外排精"}, "answer": "复方短效口服避孕药", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "治疗伤寒高热不宜采用哪一项处置?(  )", "options": {"A": "大量退热药", "B": "头放冰袋", "C": "酒精擦浴", "D": "降低室温"}, "answer": "大量退热药", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,发现乙肝2年,出现乏力、腹胀、食欲缺乏、病情不稳定。查体:慢性肝病容,肝肋下触及1.0cm,质中等,脾界扩大。实验室检查:血清ALT200U/L,清蛋白3.5g/L,球蛋白3.6g/L。诊断应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性重型肝炎", "B": "慢性活动性肝炎", "C": "慢性迁延性肝炎", "D": "淤胆型肝炎"}, "answer": "慢性活动性肝炎", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,35岁。井下作业时塌方被砸伤。查体:会阴部瘀斑,骨盆分离和挤压实验阳性。为进一步明确诊断,除普通X线片检查外,还应做的检查首选是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌电图", "B": "CT", "C": "血管造影", "D": "ECT"}, "answer": "CT", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "病人痊愈出院后,迟迟不愿重返工作岗位,这种情况属于病人角色变化的哪一种?(  )", "options": {"A": "病人角色缺如", "B": "病人角色强化", "C": "病人角色冲突", "D": "病人角色减退"}, "answer": "病人角色强化", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,38岁。心悸,多汗,食欲亢进2个月。体重下降3kg,大便2次/日,糊状。昨夜聚餐,大量饮用可乐,今晨起乏力,下肢无法活动。查体:T 37.1℃,P 108次/分,R 18次/分,BP 145/70mmHg,双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心律齐,腹软,无压痛。双下肢肌力1级,肌张力明显减弱。实验室检查:血K+2.8mmol/L,Na+140mmol/L,Glu 6.4mmol/L。下列检查对明确病因意义最大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺皮质功能", "B": "甲状腺功能", "C": "OGTT试验", "D": "血气分析"}, "answer": "甲状腺功能", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,18岁,农民,夏天在河塘游泳后出现稽留高热4天,伴畏寒、发热、头痛、身痛乏力。查体:体温39.8℃,巩膜及皮肤黄染,结膜充血,皮肤可见出血点,肝肋下1.0cm,脾未及,腹下淋巴结如蚕豆大4个。血象:WBC l0.5×109/L,N 0.8。血ALT 280U/L,血清总胆红素110μmol/L,尿胆红素(+),尿中可见WBC3~5/HP。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "流行性出血热", "B": "急性黄疸型肝炎", "C": "钩端螺旋体病", "D": "疟疾"}, "answer": "钩端螺旋体病", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "国家规定与艾滋病检测相关的制度是(  )。", "options": {"A": "义务检测", "B": "强制检测", "C": "自愿检测", "D": "定期检测"}, "answer": "自愿检测", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女孩,3岁。生后发现口唇青紫,活动后加剧。平时喜蹲踞,哭吵时有突发呼吸急促、青紫加重,严重时伴晕厥,曾半年内晕厥2次,均于清晨或哭吵后发作,经2~3分钟自行恢复。今晨又出现晕厥,持续5分钟,即来急诊。查体:T 37.0℃,P 100次/分,R 22次/分,BP 82/55mmHg。神志不清,双肺听诊未见异常,胸骨左缘第2~4肋间闻及3/6级收缩期杂音,无震颤,肺动脉第二心音减弱。口唇青紫,指、趾甲青紫,杵状指、趾,颈软,神经系统查体无异常。1.最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯肺动脉瓣狭窄", "B": "房间隔缺损伴轻度肺动脉瓣狭窄", "C": "完全性大动脉转位", "D": "法洛四联症"}, "answer": "法洛四联症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "密切接触白喉病人的儿童应给予的免疫措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "白喉类毒素", "B": "BCG", "C": "白喉抗毒素", "D": "丙种球蛋白"}, "answer": "白喉抗毒素", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪项是B细胞表面能识别结合C3b和C4b的受体?(  )", "options": {"A": "CD35", "B": "CD19", "C": "CD32", "D": "CD40"}, "answer": "CD35", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪项是新生隐球菌具有诊断价值的形态特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "有假菌丝", "B": "有异染颗粒", "C": "菌体外有一层肥厚的荚膜", "D": "在菌体次极端,有直径大于菌体的芽胞"}, "answer": "菌体外有一层肥厚的荚膜", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,36岁,逐渐出现左上肢放射性疼痛4个月,伴左胸部疼痛。查体:左上肢肌力4级弱,右上肢5级,双下肢4级,排尿困难,左上肢腱反射减弱,双膝、踝反射活跃,脑电图正常,腰穿压颈试验不通畅。1.以下哪项为可能的病变部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "胸段脊髓", "B": "颈膨大", "C": "周围神经", "D": "后颅窝"}, "answer": "颈膨大", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以下哪个测验不属于人格测验?(  )", "options": {"A": "MMPI", "B": "SDS", "C": "EPQ", "D": "16PF"}, "answer": "SDS", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "蛋白质分子中不存在的氨基酸是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胱氨酸", "B": "鸟氨酸", "C": "脯氨酸", "D": "组氨酸"}, "answer": "鸟氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "16岁男患,洗浴时无意中触及右膝下内侧硬性突起,无疼痛,膝关节运动正常。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨软骨瘤", "B": "骨巨细胞瘤", "C": "骨囊肿", "D": "骨化性肌炎"}, "answer": "骨软骨瘤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.低钾、低氯血症可导致(  )。", "options": {"A": "代谢性酸中毒", "B": "呼吸性酸中毒", "C": "混合性酸中毒", "D": "代谢性碱中毒"}, "answer": "代谢性碱中毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.能引起儿童软骨发育不良的药物(  )。", "options": {"A": "呋喃唑酮", "B": "氧氟沙星", "C": "磺胺嘧啶", "D": "甲硝唑"}, "answer": "氧氟沙星", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "DNA上某段碱基顺序为ATCGGC,其互补链的碱基顺序应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "TAGCCG", "B": "GCCGAT", "C": "UAGCCG", "D": "GCCGAU"}, "answer": "GCCGAT", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "放线菌与分枝杆菌在生物学上的相同点为(  )。", "options": {"A": "属放线菌目", "B": "生长慢,37℃环境中需2~4周形成菌落", "C": "革兰阳性丝状菌", "D": "抗感染免疫以体液免疫为主"}, "answer": "属放线菌目", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,50岁。入睡困难,多梦易醒1个月,每周至少3次,同时感到精力疲乏,工作效率下降,对睡眠产生恐惧感,担心免疫力下降,否认情绪低落和消极观念。3.该患者使用药物治疗的原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大剂量冲击疗法", "B": "小剂量按需服用", "C": "足剂量短疗程", "D": "足剂量按需服用"}, "answer": "小剂量按需服用", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "过敏性紫癜哪一种类型最常见?(  )", "options": {"A": "皮肤型", "B": "肾型", "C": "腹型", "D": "中枢神经系统受累"}, "answer": "皮肤型", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪一项不是甲状腺素的生理作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "对婴幼儿骨和脑的发育尤为重要", "B": "生理剂量可加速蛋白质分解", "C": "提高神经系统的兴奋性", "D": "使心率增快,心缩力增强"}, "answer": "生理剂量可加速蛋白质分解", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "婴儿期“生理性贫血”发生在什么时间(  )。", "options": {"A": "生后1个月~2个月", "B": "生后15天~1个月", "C": "生后2个月~3个月", "D": "生后4个月~5个月"}, "answer": "生后2个月~3个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于苹果酸穿梭生理意义的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "将草酰乙酸带入线粒体彻底氧化", "B": "将胞液中NADH+H+的2H带入线粒体内", "C": "为三羧酸循环提供足够的草酰乙酸", "D": "进行谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨基作用"}, "answer": "将胞液中NADH+H+的2H带入线粒体内", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胆红素在血中的转运形式主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "游离态", "B": "与清蛋白结合", "C": "与硫酸结合", "D": "与脂蛋白结合"}, "answer": "与清蛋白结合", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "解耦联物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ATP", "B": "一氧化碳", "C": "二硝基酚", "D": "鱼藤酮"}, "answer": "二硝基酚", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下关于老年人胃溃疡特点的描述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可无症状", "B": "溃疡常较大", "C": "易合并幽门梗阻", "D": "易误诊为胃癌"}, "answer": "易合并幽门梗阻", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性青年,因车祸致胫腓骨中上1/3处开放性粉碎性骨折,行彻底清创术,摘除所有的粉碎骨片,术后行牵引治疗8个月后,骨折仍未愈合,其最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤肢固定不确切", "B": "骨折处血液供应差", "C": "清创时摘除了过多的碎骨片", "D": "功能锻炼不够"}, "answer": "清创时摘除了过多的碎骨片", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.细胞内玻璃样变(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝细胞浆的Mallory小体", "B": "大块瘢痕呈灰白色、半透明状、质韧", "C": "虎斑心", "D": "间质黏多糖蓄积"}, "answer": "肝细胞浆的Mallory小体", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,54岁,发作性胸痛3天,于劳累时发作,休息5分钟可缓解,每天发作3~4次,最近2小时内上述症状发作2次,每次持续20分钟。该患者最恰当的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即收住院行运动负荷试验", "B": "门诊预约超声心动图检查", "C": "立即收住院监测心电图和血肌钙蛋白", "D": "立即收住院行胸部X线片检查"}, "answer": "立即收住院监测心电图和血肌钙蛋白", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.老年糖尿病肾病患者腹部增强CT检查后出现少尿,尿钠54mmol/L,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾前性急性肾衰竭", "B": "急性肾小管坏死", "C": "急进性肾炎", "D": "急性间质性肾炎"}, "answer": "急性肾小管坏死", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "无偿献血的血液(  )。", "options": {"A": "必须用于临床不得买卖", "B": "可出售给单采血浆站", "C": "可用于临床也可以买卖", "D": "无偿献血的血液,如成分有剩余,可出售"}, "answer": "必须用于临床不得买卖", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "破伤风引起病人一系列临床症状和体征的主要因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "痉挛毒素", "B": "内毒素", "C": "溶血毒素", "D": "破伤风杆菌的芽孢"}, "answer": "痉挛毒素", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "为预防甲亢术后甲状腺危象,最关键的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "术后用冬眠合剂镇静", "B": "吸氧", "C": "术后补钙", "D": "术前使基础代谢率降至正常范围"}, "answer": "术前使基础代谢率降至正常范围", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于梅素血清试验叙述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "非梅毒螺旋体抗原血清试验用心磷脂做抗原,测定血清中抗心磷脂抗体(反应素)", "B": "非梅毒螺旋体抗原血清试验特异性高而敏感性较低", "C": "早期梅毒患者经充分治疗后,反应素可以消失", "D": "梅毒螺旋体抗原血清试验敏感性和特异性均较高"}, "answer": "非梅毒螺旋体抗原血清试验特异性高而敏感性较低", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "变异性心绞痛患者首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胺碘酮", "B": "利多卡因", "C": "硝苯地平", "D": "普萘洛尔"}, "answer": "硝苯地平", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一般情况下,左心室冠脉血流量在收缩期的血流量约为舒张期的20%~30%,可见主要影响冠脉血流量的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏搏出量多少", "B": "脉压大小", "C": "舒张压的高低和心舒期的长短", "D": "收缩压的高低和射血期的长短"}, "answer": "舒张压的高低和心舒期的长短", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.DNA复性是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "一小段核苷酸聚合体的单链,用放射性核素或生物素来标记其末端或全链", "B": "双链DNA解链成单链DNA", "C": "单链:DNA恢复成双链DNA", "D": "50%双链DNA变性时的温度"}, "answer": "单链:DNA恢复成双链DNA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为钩端螺旋体病的主要传染源?(  )", "options": {"A": "猫、鼠、兔", "B": "鸡、鸭、鹅", "C": "犬、猫、羊", "D": "猪、鼠、犬"}, "answer": "猪、鼠、犬", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "腹部损伤有腹内脏器损伤时,诊断性腹腔穿刺的诊断阳性率至少可达(  )。", "options": {"A": "80%", "B": "90%", "C": "70%", "D": "60%"}, "answer": "90%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "按一定的练习程序,学习有意识地控制或调节自身的心理、生理活动,以降低机体唤醒水平,调整因紧张刺激而紊乱的功能,这种疗法属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "系统脱敏法", "B": "条件操作法", "C": "模仿疗法", "D": "放松训练法"}, "answer": "放松训练法", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,45岁。腹泻10年。精神紧张时加剧,排便前腹痛,排便后腹痛可缓解。大便为糊状,发病以来体重无明显变化。既往体健,平素进食好,睡眠差。查体:T 36.5℃,P 80次/分,R 18次/分,BP 120/80mmHg,未见皮疹,双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心律齐。腹软,无压痛。2.为明确诊断,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部血管造影", "B": "全消化道X线钡剂造影", "C": "小肠镜", "D": "结肠镜"}, "answer": "结肠镜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "外周血中全血细胞减少,Ham试验阴性见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿", "B": "缺铁性贫血", "C": "再生障碍性贫血", "D": "巨幼细胞性贫血"}, "answer": "再生障碍性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,52岁,4年来因心律失常,长期用胺碘酮,近期出现消瘦、便频、手抖,临床诊断为碘甲亢。1.下列哪一项检查结果是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "甲状腺吸131I率升高", "B": "sTSH降低", "C": "FT4明显升高,FT3正常或略升高", "D": "TSAb阴性"}, "answer": "甲状腺吸131I率升高", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,72岁,胃癌根治术后第6天,出现上腹疼痛,逐渐加重,伴恶心,呕吐,腹胀,腹腔引流管引出咖啡色浑浊液体。查体:腹膜刺激征(+)。腹部B超提示腹腔积液。2.应采取的治疗措施中不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "禁食", "B": "应用生长抑素", "C": "吗啡止痛", "D": "胃肠减压"}, "answer": "吗啡止痛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肾素-血管紧张素系统活动加强时,可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "交感神经末梢释放递质减少", "B": "醛固酮分泌减少", "C": "肾脏排钠量减少", "D": "静脉回心血量减少"}, "answer": "肾脏排钠量减少", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.半衰期最短的药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "美吡达(格列比嗪)", "B": "糖适平(格列喹酮)", "C": "氯磺丙脲", "D": "格列波脲"}, "answer": "美吡达(格列比嗪)", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,34岁。全程肉眼血尿1天,无血丝,血块,无尿频、尿急、尿痛,无发热及腰腹疼痛,尿沉渣镜检RBC满视野,WBC 4~5/HP,尿蛋白(++)。首先应进行的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "清洁中段尿培养", "B": "静脉肾盂造影", "C": "尿相差显微镜检查", "D": "同位素肾动脉扫描"}, "answer": "尿相差显微镜检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为脑死亡的诊断标准?(  )", "options": {"A": "心跳停止", "B": "无感受性和反应性,无自主呼吸。脑电波平坦", "C": "呼吸停止", "D": "血压消失、体温下降"}, "answer": "无感受性和反应性,无自主呼吸。脑电波平坦", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "IgG通过胎盘主要取决于下列哪个部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "CH2区", "B": "Fab段", "C": "F(ab)2′", "D": "铰链区"}, "answer": "F(ab)2′", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "环孢素A发挥作用的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对CD4细胞有细胞毒作用", "B": "辅助或诱导T细胞", "C": "在细胞受体部位与γ-IFN,IL-2竞争", "D": "导致T细胞数目减少"}, "answer": "导致T细胞数目减少", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1岁小儿,以腹泻3日于9月28日入院。3天前无原因出现2次呕吐后,开始腹泻,每日10余次,大便呈黄色蛋花汤样,无腥臭味,每次量多,尿量减少。查体:精神萎靡,前囟和眼窝明显凹陷,皮肤弹性差,四肢温。血常规正常。3.补液种类为(  )。", "options": {"A": "1/2张溶液", "B": "1/3张溶液", "C": "2/3张溶液", "D": "2:1等张溶液"}, "answer": "1/2张溶液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "脊髓下端上移至第1腰椎的年龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "6个月", "B": "2岁", "C": "4岁", "D": "3岁"}, "answer": "4岁", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.高血压细动脉硬化(  )。", "options": {"A": "萎缩", "B": "肥大", "C": "增生", "D": "变性"}, "answer": "变性", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于肠结核腹泻特点的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一般不含黏液和脓液", "B": "腹泻可与便秘交替", "C": "常伴里急后重", "D": "便血极少见"}, "answer": "常伴里急后重", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "属于情感活动减退症状的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "焦虑", "B": "情感淡漠", "C": "情感倒错", "D": "情感脆弱"}, "answer": "情感淡漠", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.过敏性紫癜(  )。", "options": {"A": "消耗性凝血障碍", "B": "某些凝血因子合成减少", "C": "血管壁变态反应", "D": "因子Ⅷ缺乏"}, "answer": "血管壁变态反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.副作用为肝损害、关节痛(  )。", "options": {"A": "利福平", "B": "乙胺丁醇", "C": "链霉素", "D": "吡嗪酰胺"}, "answer": "吡嗪酰胺", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,63岁。3小时前长跑后头痛伴呕吐,查体:嗜睡,查体不合作,双瞳孔对光反射存在、颈项强直,四肢活动自如,肌张力略高。双侧Babinski征明显,头颅CT如图,该患者的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛛网膜下腔出血", "B": "脑室肿瘤", "C": "脑室囊肿", "D": "脑室出血"}, "answer": "脑室出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,54岁。优秀话务员。近几年怀疑丈夫有外遇,看电视时激动,控制不住,外出走失一周找不到自己的家,住在露天,公安人员收留送回家。吃饭用手抓着吃,记忆力下降,行为幼稚。既往高血压7年,脑梗死后10个月。神经系统检查:BP 225/110mmHg,说话口齿不清,右侧下肢轻偏瘫症状,肌张力增高。巴氏征(+)。精神检查:意识清晰,智力减退,个人生活不能自理。二便失禁。1.最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头CT", "B": "FFG", "C": "CS", "D": "智商测定"}, "answer": "头CT", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "铁锈色痰常见于大叶性肺炎的哪一期?(  )", "options": {"A": "红色肝样变期", "B": "充血水肿期", "C": "溶解消散期", "D": "中毒性休克"}, "answer": "红色肝样变期", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.缺铁性贫血服用铁剂治疗后3~4周(  )。", "options": {"A": "网织红细胞开始上升", "B": "血红蛋白逐渐上升", "C": "血红蛋白达到正常", "D": "网织红细胞降至正常"}, "answer": "血红蛋白达到正常", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于医生行使道德权利,下述提法中不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医生在特殊情况下可行使干涉权", "B": "医生行使道德权利具有特殊性", "C": "医生行使道德权利不受病人自主权的制约", "D": "医生行使道德权利具有专业权威性"}, "answer": "医生行使道德权利不受病人自主权的制约", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "乙脑病毒感染人体的主要临床症状或表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "隐性感染", "B": "轻型感染", "C": "隐性感染或轻型感染", "D": "中枢神经系统症状"}, "answer": "隐性感染或轻型感染", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩,1岁。发热8天并皮疹3天入院,外用抗生素治疗7天无效。查体:T39℃,烦躁不安,全身浅红色斑丘疹,双眼结膜充血,口唇鲜红、干裂,草莓舌,右颈淋巴结蚕豆大,质硬,有压痛,双肺呼吸音粗,心率130次/分,腹软,肝脾无增大,指、趾端硬性肿胀。实验室检查:血WBC 19×109/L,N 0.78,L 0.22,PLT 420×109/L,血沉120mm/h,血培养(-)。1.该患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "幼儿急疹", "B": "咽结合膜热", "C": "川崎病", "D": "麻疹"}, "answer": "川崎病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列情形中,属于医疗事故的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医生对解剖关系辨认不清,误伤邻近重要器官,造成患者功能障碍", "B": "因患者体质特殊而发生难以防范的后果", "C": "发生现有医疗技术难以预料的并发症", "D": "诊疗护理存在过失,虽未造成死亡、残疾等身体损害,但延长了患者的治疗时间"}, "answer": "医生对解剖关系辨认不清,误伤邻近重要器官,造成患者功能障碍", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肝脏中乙酰CoA来自下述物质,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "α-磷酸甘油", "B": "脂肪酸", "C": "葡萄糖", "D": "酮体"}, "answer": "酮体", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者权利受到关注的社会背景是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对人的本质有了进一步认识", "B": "世界性的医患关系的冷漠化", "C": "人的权利意识、参与意识增强和对人的本质的进一步认识", "D": "医患间医学知识的差距逐渐缩小"}, "answer": "人的权利意识、参与意识增强和对人的本质的进一步认识", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.正常足月儿生后母乳喂养开始时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "0.5h", "B": "1h", "C": "3h", "D": "4h"}, "answer": "0.5h", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "与中骨盆狭窄无关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "坐骨切迹宽度", "B": "骶尾关节活动度", "C": "坐骨棘间径", "D": "骨盆侧壁倾斜度"}, "answer": "骶尾关节活动度", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于单克隆抗体,下列说法正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单克隆抗体与多克隆抗体相比,与抗原结合能力更强", "B": "一种单克隆抗体可以针对多种表位", "C": "单克隆抗体只能由一个B细胞产生", "D": "单克隆抗体是由一个识别一种抗原表位的B细胞克隆产生的同源抗体"}, "answer": "单克隆抗体是由一个识别一种抗原表位的B细胞克隆产生的同源抗体", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医患之间信托关系的非陌生人关系特征,要求医师特别注意(  )。", "options": {"A": "平等对待患者", "B": "使用文明语言", "C": "遵守规章制度", "D": "恪守医德职责"}, "answer": "恪守医德职责", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,35岁,逐渐出现活动力下降半年,类风湿性关节炎病史5年,经规律使用NSAIDS药物症状控制尚可,查体:口唇略苍白,双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿啰音,心率85次/分,P2亢进、分裂,三尖瓣听诊区可闻及2/6级收缩期杂音,双下肢无水肿,该患者最可能出现的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺血栓栓塞症", "B": "肺动脉高压", "C": "贫血性心脏病", "D": "感染性心内膜炎"}, "answer": "肺动脉高压", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于过敏性紫癜哪一项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "临床主要表现为皮肤紫癜", "B": "本病是血管变态反应性疾病", "C": "肾型多出现于紫癜发生前", "D": "关节型多见于膝踝等大关节"}, "answer": "肾型多出现于紫癜发生前", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,6个月。患法洛四联症,因2天反复于哭闹时突然四肢抽搐,青紫加重,神志不清,呼吸急促,持续时间约2~3分钟。主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑栓塞", "B": "肺动脉梗阻", "C": "心力衰竭", "D": "脑炎"}, "answer": "肺动脉梗阻", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "24岁初孕妇,妊娠43周,自觉胎动减少已2日。血压110/70mmHg,枕左前位,无头盆不称征象。2.为了解胎盘功能,最重要的检查项目是(  )。", "options": {"A": "测孕妇尿液雌激素/肌酐比值", "B": "测羊水胆红素类物质值", "C": "测羊水磷脂酰胆碱/鞘磷脂比值", "D": "测羊水脂肪细胞百分率"}, "answer": "测孕妇尿液雌激素/肌酐比值", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "抑郁患者的木僵哪一项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "不吃不喝", "B": "意识障碍", "C": "对体内外刺激无反应", "D": "呆坐呆立"}, "answer": "意识障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.室间隔缺损的特征性杂音(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸骨左缘第3~4肋间闻及3/6~4/6级粗糙的全收缩期杂音", "B": "胸骨左缘第2~3肋问闻及2/6~3/6级喷射性收缩期杂音", "C": "胸骨左缘第2~4肋间闻及2/6~3/6级喷射性收缩期杂音", "D": "心尖区闻及3/6~4/6级吹风样收缩期杂音"}, "answer": "胸骨左缘第3~4肋间闻及3/6~4/6级粗糙的全收缩期杂音", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "膀胱癌最常见的组织类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺癌", "B": "移行细胞癌", "C": "透明细胞癌", "D": "乳头状癌"}, "answer": "移行细胞癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "正常小儿血象白细胞分类以中性粒细胞占优势的年龄为(  )。", "options": {"A": "生后7~10天前及7~10岁后", "B": "生后4~6天前及4~6岁后", "C": "生后2~4天前及4~6岁后", "D": "生后10天前及10岁后"}, "answer": "生后4~6天前及4~6岁后", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "人体降钙素主要来源于(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺滤泡旁细胞", "B": "甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞", "C": "甲状旁腺主细胞", "D": "成骨细胞"}, "answer": "甲状腺滤泡旁细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "轴突末梢释放神经递质与哪种离子内流有关?(  )", "options": {"A": "Na+", "B": "Ca2+", "C": "Cl-", "D": "H+"}, "answer": "Ca2+", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "左旋多巴抗帕金森病的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制多巴胺的再摄取", "B": "阻断中枢胆碱受体", "C": "补充纹状体中多巴胺的不足", "D": "直接激动中枢的多巴胺受体"}, "answer": "补充纹状体中多巴胺的不足", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有关大叶性肺炎的描述,下列哪项错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺泡腔内有细菌", "B": "肺泡腔内有大量红细胞及白细胞", "C": "肺泡壁结构破坏", "D": "肺泡腔内有纤维素,可被机化"}, "answer": "肺泡壁结构破坏", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪项是不侵犯中枢神经系统的病毒?(  )", "options": {"A": "单纯疱疹病毒", "B": "水痘-带状疱疹病毒", "C": "狂犬病病毒", "D": "人乳头瘤病毒"}, "answer": "人乳头瘤病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,30岁。哮喘发作已2天。自服氨茶碱、吸入两酸倍氯米松气雾剂无效而来诊。体检:患者神志恍惚、发绀,有奇脉,两肺满布哮鸣音,HR 120次/min。对该患者的紧急处理方法应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉推注氨茶碱并监测血药浓度", "B": "大量补液、气管插管和机械通气", "C": "静脉滴注抗生素和支气管舒张剂", "D": "静脉滴注抗生素和糖皮质激素"}, "answer": "大量补液、气管插管和机械通气", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,16岁。近2年来无明显原因出现与人交往减少,经常独自呆于一处,有时会不明原因发笑。对家人漠不关心,生活越来越懒散。以前感兴趣的事情,现在也不做了,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "重性抑郁症迟滞型", "B": "精神分裂症单纯型", "C": "中度精神发育迟滞", "D": "精神分裂症衰退型"}, "answer": "精神分裂症单纯型", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某大肠癌患者手术后,检查其切除标本,镜下见黏液湖中可见腺管状或乳头状排列的癌细胞,判断其在组织学上为(  )。", "options": {"A": "管状腺癌", "B": "未分化癌", "C": "黏液腺癌", "D": "印戒细胞癌"}, "answer": "黏液腺癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,45岁,酗酒后8小时出现中上腹疼痛,放射至两侧腰部,伴恶心、呕吐。查体:腹部有压痛、肌紧张及两侧腰腹部出现蓝棕色斑,血压75/55mmHg,脉搏110次/min。4.在诊断尚未确立之前,不应采用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "禁食、胃肠减压", "B": "吗啡类止痛药", "C": "胰酶抑制剂", "D": "体液补充"}, "answer": "吗啡类止痛药", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.细菌性痢疾急性期的基本病变(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠黏膜弥漫性纤维蛋白渗出性炎症", "B": "全身单核一巨噬细胞系统的增生性反应", "C": "肠黏膜弥漫水肿及肠壁增厚", "D": "正常肠黏膜上较多孤立的小脓肿,进而形成口小底大的烧瓶样溃疡"}, "answer": "肠黏膜弥漫性纤维蛋白渗出性炎症", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.食道癌患者,吞咽困难1个月(  )。", "options": {"A": "低钾血症", "B": "等渗性缺水", "C": "高渗性缺水", "D": "低钙血症"}, "answer": "高渗性缺水", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列选项中,不支持有活动性消化道出血的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "贫血", "B": "肠鸣音减弱", "C": "网织红细胞增高", "D": "反复呕血或黑粪(血便)次数增多"}, "answer": "肠鸣音减弱", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.成人失血100ml时(  )。", "options": {"A": "血压升高,心率加快", "B": "血压升高,心率加慢", "C": "血压降低,心率加慢", "D": "心律和血压均无变化"}, "answer": "心律和血压均无变化", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "硫酸镁中毒引起血压下降最好选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素", "B": "去甲肾上腺素", "C": "异丙肾上腺素", "D": "葡萄糖酸钙"}, "answer": "葡萄糖酸钙", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.肱骨外上髁炎主要体征为(  )。", "options": {"A": "4字试验阳性", "B": "伸肌腱牵拉试验(Mills)阳性", "C": "杜加征(Dugas)阳性", "D": "直腿抬高试验阳性"}, "answer": "伸肌腱牵拉试验(Mills)阳性", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,30岁,3年前产一死婴,近2年烦渴、多饮。日饮水量波动在1.5—15L,夜间饮水量明显少于白天,月经正常,无消瘦或乳房萎缩,入院后对主动限水耐受性好,禁水试验尿比重达1.018,CT检查未见垂体或鞍区异常,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅咽管瘤", "B": "席汉病", "C": "部分性尿崩", "D": "精神性多饮"}, "answer": "精神性多饮", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于妊娠母体内分泌系统的改变正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "催乳激素增多", "B": "卵泡刺激素增多", "C": "游离甲状腺激素增多", "D": "黄体生成素增多"}, "answer": "催乳激素增多", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,68岁。阵发性腹痛1年,自觉有“气块”在腹中窜动,起初大便次数增加,近3个月腹胀、便秘,近3天无肛门排气、排便,呕吐物有粪便臭味,一直感乏力和低热。2.该患者引起梗阻的病因最可能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "粪块", "B": "肠系膜血栓", "C": "肿瘤", "D": "粘连带"}, "answer": "肿瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,35岁。体重75kg。因陈旧性股骨干骨折入院手术。查体:P 85次/分,BP 125/80mmHg,一般状况良好,心肺无异常。实验室检查:Hb 130g/L,凝血功能检查结果正常,肝肾功能正常。如果手术中出血,下列输血方案中不应首选的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "术后回收式自身输血", "B": "急性等容血液稀释", "C": "术前贮存式自身输血", "D": "术中回收式自身输血"}, "answer": "术中回收式自身输血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一孕妇临产,突感头痛、恶心,相继发生抽搐,测血压为22.0/14.6kPa,下肢浮肿。对此病人应用哪一种抗惊药最合适?(  )", "options": {"A": "硫喷妥钠", "B": "地西泮", "C": "硫酸镁", "D": "水合氯醛"}, "answer": "硫酸镁", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "围生期维生素D不足多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "足月儿", "B": "出生窒息儿", "C": "双胞胎", "D": "剖宫产儿"}, "answer": "双胞胎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "膀胱结石的典型症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿流中断,排尿困难", "B": "血尿", "C": "排尿踌躇,排尿变细", "D": "尿潴留"}, "answer": "尿流中断,排尿困难", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,26岁,一天前搬家时腰扭伤。腰剧痛并向右下肢放射,不能平卧,咳嗽加剧,痛窜至足背,伴麻木,大小便正常。检查:腰背肌痉挛,L4~5椎旁压痛,腰向前弯曲受限,右下肢直腿抬高受限,膝腱与跟腱反射正常,肌力正常,足背与小腿外侧感觉过敏。2.诊断本病第一重要、可靠的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "详细询问病史与严格查体", "B": "X线平片", "C": "CT平扫", "D": "脊髓造影"}, "answer": "详细询问病史与严格查体", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "胃黏膜分泌盐酸的壁细胞主要分布于(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃体和胃窦", "B": "胃底和胃体", "C": "胃底和贲门", "D": "胃窦和幽门"}, "answer": "胃底和胃体", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "动脉粥样硬化的早期病变中,下列哪种细胞最早迁入内膜?(  )", "options": {"A": "淋巴细胞", "B": "单核细胞", "C": "中性粒细胞", "D": "纤维母细胞"}, "answer": "单核细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "老年人动脉管壁硬化,大动脉的弹性贮器作用减弱,引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "舒张压降低", "B": "收缩压降低", "C": "脉压增大", "D": "舒张压升高"}, "answer": "脉压增大", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "早期食管癌的造影表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "贲门部呈光滑鸟嘴状狭窄", "B": "长的不规则线状狭窄", "C": "外压狭窄,黏膜光滑完整", "D": "黏膜呈局限性管壁僵硬"}, "answer": "黏膜呈局限性管壁僵硬", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,40岁,腰痛伴右下肢放射痛2个月,反复发作,与劳累有关,咳嗽、用力排便时可加重疼痛。查体:右直腿抬高试验阳性,加强试验阳性。X线片示L4椎间隙变窄。2.可完全排除的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰椎结核", "B": "腰肌劳损", "C": "腰椎肿瘤", "D": "腰椎管狭窄症"}, "answer": "腰肌劳损", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "子宫内膜癌的高危因素不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "不孕症", "B": "卵巢早衰", "C": "无排卵性功能失调性子宫出血", "D": "糖尿病"}, "answer": "卵巢早衰", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,48岁。反酸、烧心5个月。胃镜检查:反流性食管炎伴溃疡形成。最佳的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硫糖铝", "B": "枸橼酸铋钾", "C": "奥美拉唑", "D": "雷尼替丁"}, "answer": "奥美拉唑", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "误食毒蕈中毒,可选用何药解救?(  )", "options": {"A": "阿托品", "B": "碘解磷定", "C": "去甲肾上腺素", "D": "新斯的明"}, "answer": "阿托品", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "确诊CO中毒最主要的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "与CO接触的时间", "B": "血液中碳氧血红蛋白的有无", "C": "昏迷的深度", "D": "缺氧的程度"}, "answer": "血液中碳氧血红蛋白的有无", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新月体性肾炎的主要病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛细血管纤维素样坏死", "B": "血管内皮细胞坏死", "C": "中性粒细胞的渗出", "D": "球囊壁层上皮细胞增生"}, "answer": "球囊壁层上皮细胞增生", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,28岁,停经55天,伴恶心呕吐,妇科检查:子宫增大约妊娠50天,双侧附件(-)。2.若确定为妊娠,应选择最佳的终止妊娠方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "药物流产", "B": "人工流产吸宫术", "C": "人工流产钳刮术", "D": "缩宫素静脉滴注"}, "answer": "人工流产吸宫术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "9个月女孩,母乳喂养,面色蜡黄,肝肋下2cm,脾肋下1cm,红细胞2.8×l012/L,血红蛋白80g/L,红细胞大小不等,大的红细胞内中央浅染区扩大,骨髓片呈巨幼细胞增生。3.最好选择下列哪项治疗方法(  )。", "options": {"A": "铁剂、叶酸、VitB12治疗", "B": "叶酸VitB12治疗", "C": "输血治疗", "D": "细胞毒药物化疗"}, "answer": "铁剂、叶酸、VitB12治疗", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于半抗原,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "既有免疫原性,又有抗原性", "B": "具有抗原性,而没有免疫原性", "C": "具有免疫原性,而没有抗原性", "D": "既没有免疫原性,也没有抗原性"}, "answer": "具有抗原性,而没有免疫原性", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "营养不良测定腹壁皮下脂肪厚度的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脐上", "B": "脐下", "C": "肋下", "D": "锁骨中线上平脐处"}, "answer": "锁骨中线上平脐处", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性CO中毒,下述哪一项治疗是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "脱离现场,转移到空气新鲜的地方", "B": "防治肺水肿", "C": "控制高热", "D": "首先注射苏醒剂"}, "answer": "首先注射苏醒剂", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.男,23岁,病人每到冬天,吸入寒冷空气即喘。诊断为内源性哮喘。该病人宜用上述何药治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛果芸香碱", "B": "新斯的明", "C": "阿托品", "D": "异丙托溴铵"}, "answer": "异丙托溴铵", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性细菌性痢疾的典型肠道病变为(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡他性炎", "B": "伪膜性炎", "C": "出血性炎", "D": "蜂窝织炎"}, "answer": "伪膜性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "心跳呼吸骤停患者,血气分析显示血钾7mmol/L,pH 7.30,PaCO2 68mmHg,尚无有效的机械通气,在施行胸外按压和人工呼吸抢救的同时,首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿托品+碳酸氢钠", "B": "肾上腺素+氯化钙", "C": "利多卡因+肾上腺素", "D": "碳酸氢钠+肾上腺素"}, "answer": "肾上腺素+氯化钙", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,30岁,海员,平素体健,昨晚进食海蟹一只,晨起腹泻稀水便10余次,量多,无明显发热、腹痛。中午开始出现呕吐,为米泔水样,共4次,尿量减少。经粪便悬滴及涂片检查,初步诊断为霍乱。1.该患者24h内静脉补液量应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "2000~4000ml", "B": "4000~8000ml", "C": "8000~10000ml", "D": "1000~2000ml"}, "answer": "4000~8000ml", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肝穿刺活检,镜下见肝细胞弥漫性疏松化,气球样变,点状坏死厦嗜酸小体形成。病理诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性普通型肝炎", "B": "亚急性重型肝炎", "C": "轻度慢性肝炎", "D": "重度慢性肝炎"}, "answer": "急性普通型肝炎", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在我国实施人类辅助生殖技术,下列哪项违背了卫生部制定的伦理原则?(  )", "options": {"A": "使用捐赠的精子", "B": "使用捐赠的卵子", "C": "实施亲属代孕", "D": "实施卵胞浆内单精注射"}, "answer": "实施亲属代孕", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "青年患者入院前6小时,左肱骨中段被机器绞伤,致上臂仅后侧有宽5cm的皮肤相连,该皮肤有较重的挫伤,其余组织完全离断。2.该患者的治疗方案应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "清创术,左肱骨内固定术", "B": "清创后,左肱骨内固定。修复损伤血管", "C": "清创后,左肱骨内固定,修复损伤的神经", "D": "断肢再植术"}, "answer": "断肢再植术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.尿胆素原增加,尿胆红素阴性(  )。", "options": {"A": "溶血性黄疸", "B": "阻塞性黄疸", "C": "后天性卟啉症", "D": "多发性骨髓瘤"}, "answer": "溶血性黄疸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪项是慢性支气管炎患者发生通气和散气功能障碍的病变基础?(  )", "options": {"A": "支气管平滑肌萎缩", "B": "支气管管壁钙化", "C": "黏膜腺体增生", "D": "细支气管炎及细支气管周围炎"}, "answer": "细支气管炎及细支气管周围炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.由分布异常引起中性粒细胞减少的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "假性粒细胞减少", "B": "Felty综合征", "C": "低增生性白血病", "D": "骨髓增生异常综合征"}, "answer": "假性粒细胞减少", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "10岁女孩,2周干咳,1周加重,有时表现为百日咳样咳嗽,痰带血丝,发热不规则。体检:两肺散在于哕音,右背下偶闻中湿啰音,血白细胞计数正常,血沉快,PPD试验(-),X线胸片示右下叶淡薄片状阴影,右肺门纹理重延伸至肺野。1.考虑临床诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "大叶肺炎", "B": "干酪肺炎", "C": "支原体肺炎", "D": "百日咳杆菌肺炎"}, "answer": "支原体肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对B淋巴细胞具有抑制作用的Ig酶解片段是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低浓度Ig抗体的Fab片段E", "B": "高浓度Ig抗体的PFc’片段", "C": "高浓度Ig抗体的F(ab’)2片段", "D": "低浓度Ig抗体的F(ab’)2片段"}, "answer": "高浓度Ig抗体的F(ab’)2片段", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "股骨上1/3骨折,近折片的移位方向是(  )。", "options": {"A": "屈曲外展外旋位", "B": "后伸外展内旋位", "C": "屈曲内收内旋位", "D": "后伸内收内旋位"}, "answer": "屈曲外展外旋位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医德评价不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "进行医德评价的标准依据每个人不同而不同", "B": "医德评价是医德原则和规范转化为医务人员行为的中介和桥梁", "C": "医德评价的主体有两种:他人和自己", "D": "医德评价的方式有社会舆论、内心信念和传统习俗"}, "answer": "进行医德评价的标准依据每个人不同而不同", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,25岁,腹痛、腹泻、发热38.7℃,经治疗6天后症状消失。3周后出现双肩臂无力,次日双大腿行走费力,手足疼痛麻木,2天后四肢完全不能活动。查体:四肢弛缓性瘫,无感觉障碍。2.治疗2天后患者呼吸困难,口唇发绀,发热,痰多。检查四肢运动神经传导速度明显减慢,血钾3.0mmol/L,此时患者最恰当的诊断应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "周期性瘫痪", "B": "运动神经元病并离子紊乱", "C": "脑干炎并肺感染离子紊乱", "D": "格林-巴利综合征并肺感染离子紊乱"}, "answer": "格林-巴利综合征并肺感染离子紊乱", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小叶性肺炎的病变特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多见于两肺上叶", "B": "属纤维素性炎", "C": "累及支气管和肺组织", "D": "属肉芽肿性炎"}, "answer": "累及支气管和肺组织", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,23岁。与路人争吵后四肢发抖继而瘫坐地上不能行走,立即送往医院检查未发现器质性病变。该患者首选的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "暗示治疗", "B": "抗抑郁药物", "C": "对症治疗", "D": "鼓励疏泄"}, "answer": "暗示治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.生理性腹泻(  )。", "options": {"A": "粪便色黄或暗绿,有腥臭味", "B": "便次较多,发育不受影响", "C": "黏液脓血便,常伴有发热", "D": "便泡沫多,含黏液,豆渣样"}, "answer": "便次较多,发育不受影响", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "补体固有成分中,分子量最大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "C5", "B": "C1", "C": "C4", "D": "C9"}, "answer": "C1", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.患者感到有大量的不受自我意志支配的联想涌现,有种被强行塞入脑中的感受。此症状属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "强迫观念", "B": "强迫行为", "C": "强制性思维", "D": "被害妄想"}, "answer": "强制性思维", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于高胆固醇血症造成高心肌梗死危险的病人,选择下列哪一种药作为一线治疗药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "考来烯胺", "B": "普罗布考", "C": "鱼油", "D": "洛伐他汀"}, "answer": "洛伐他汀", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,65岁,2个月前有头外伤史,现头痛,CT示右额颞叶新月形低密度影,诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性硬膜外血肿", "B": "慢性硬膜下血肿", "C": "脑内血肿", "D": "高血压脑出血"}, "answer": "慢性硬膜下血肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.符合特发性血小板减少性紫癜的表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓巨核细胞增多,大多为颗粒型巨核细胞", "B": "骨髓巨核细胞数量显著减少", "C": "骨髓巨核细胞增多,原始巨核细胞显著增多", "D": "骨髓巨核细胞增多,病态巨核细胞增多"}, "answer": "骨髓巨核细胞增多,大多为颗粒型巨核细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,55岁,左膝在上跷二郎腿乘车过程中因急刹车左膝顶在前座后背上受伤4小时,左髋痛,不能活动,检查见左下肢屈曲、内收、内旋畸形。1.最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "左股骨颈骨折", "B": "左髋关节前脱位", "C": "左髋关节后脱位", "D": "左髋关节中心性脱位"}, "answer": "左髋关节后脱位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.急性心肌梗死后1天,心尖区出现收缩中晚期喀喇音和吹风样收缩期杂音,最可能出现的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左心室血栓脱落", "B": "心室膨胀瘤", "C": "心肌梗死后综合征", "D": "乳头肌功能失调"}, "answer": "乳头肌功能失调", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不符合新生儿硬肿症重度临床表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硬肿范围25%~50%", "B": "低体温", "C": "DIC", "D": "休克"}, "answer": "硬肿范围25%~50%", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,30岁,晚餐进食较大。餐后突然上腹部刀割样痛迅速波及全腹,不敢直腰行走,2小时后急诊求治。急性痛苦病容,腹式呼吸消失,腹肌强直,有腹膜刺激征,肝浊音界消失,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阑尾炎穿孔", "B": "溃疡病穿孔", "C": "胆囊穿孔", "D": "急性胰腺炎"}, "answer": "溃疡病穿孔", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对诊断甲亢最有意义的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺血管杂音", "B": "舌、手震颤", "C": "甲状腺肿大", "D": "突眼"}, "answer": "甲状腺血管杂音", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,42岁。上腹部疼痛反复发作4年,近6天出现腹胀、呕吐。经X线钡餐检查诊断十二指肠溃疡伴幽门梗阻。最适宜的手术方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "毕Ⅰ式胃大部切除术", "B": "毕Ⅱ式胃大部切除术", "C": "迷走神经干切断术", "D": "选择性胃迷走神经切断术"}, "answer": "毕Ⅱ式胃大部切除术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.在80~180mmHg范围内变动时,肾血流量保持相对稳定的现象称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "滤过分数", "B": "血浆清除率", "C": "球—管平衡", "D": "肾血流量自身调节"}, "answer": "肾血流量自身调节", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "根据求医的决定权,可将求医行为分成(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动型、指导型、合作型", "B": "主动型、参与型、强制型", "C": "主动型、被动型、强制型", "D": "参与型、指导型、合作型"}, "answer": "主动型、被动型、强制型", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医疗机构施行特殊治疗时(  )。", "options": {"A": "可以由医生决定施行", "B": "由医院决定施行", "C": "可以征求患者意见", "D": "必须征得患者同意"}, "answer": "必须征得患者同意", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.革兰阳性细菌特有的结构是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脂磷壁酸", "B": "普通菌毛", "C": "荚膜", "D": "鞭毛"}, "answer": "脂磷壁酸", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于腰椎间盘突出症的叙述下列哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "本病是髓核突出刺激或压迫了神经根、马尾神经所表现的一组综合征", "B": "椎间盘退行性变是发病的基本因素", "C": "积累性伤力是椎间盘变性的主要原因", "D": "高处坠落的一次性暴力,也是造成本病的常见原因"}, "answer": "高处坠落的一次性暴力,也是造成本病的常见原因", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,42岁。近1个月来大便次数增多,有肛门坠胀感及里急后重,大便变细,常有黏液血便,经抗生素治疗症状可缓解,但不久又复发,且呈进行性加重。3.术后可不追加化疗的条件是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Duke A期", "B": "Duke B期", "C": "Duke C2期", "D": "Duke D期"}, "answer": "Duke A期", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项不符合SLE的血液系统改变?(  )", "options": {"A": "血小板减少", "B": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血", "C": "正常细胞性贫血", "D": "类白血病样改变"}, "answer": "类白血病样改变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症的治疗中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "需甲状腺素终生治疗", "B": "临床症状改善,T4、TSH正常,此时甲状腺素剂量可作为维持量", "C": "甲状腺素治疗维持至青春期即可停药", "D": "生后1~2个月开始治疗,可不遗留神经系统损害"}, "answer": "甲状腺素治疗维持至青春期即可停药", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,28岁,停经55天,伴恶心呕吐,妇科检查:子宫增大约妊娠50天,双侧附件(-)。1.该病例首选辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B超", "B": "基础体温测定", "C": "血hCG检查", "D": "黄体酮试验"}, "answer": "B超", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.女,2岁。智能落后,表情呆滞,眼距宽,眼裂小,鼻梁低,口半张,舌伸出口外,皮肤细嫩,肌张力低下,右侧通贯手(  )。", "options": {"A": "唐氏综合征(21-三体综合征)", "B": "软骨发育不良", "C": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症", "D": "佝偻病"}, "answer": "唐氏综合征(21-三体综合征)", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.肺鳞癌(  )。", "options": {"A": "中央型多见", "B": "周围型多见", "C": "弥漫型多见", "D": "常具有内分泌功能"}, "answer": "中央型多见", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,21岁,患精神分裂症1年,由于有支气管哮喘病,临床给予适当剂量奋乃静治疗,其主要副作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "锥体外系症状", "B": "肝损害", "C": "粒细胞减少", "D": "迟发性运动障碍"}, "answer": "锥体外系症状", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项可诊断先天愚型?(  )", "options": {"A": "血清T3、T4测定", "B": "染色体核型分析", "C": "血清蛋白结合碘测定", "D": "以上均不是"}, "answer": "染色体核型分析", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,26岁。3天前咳血痰,今日咯血量达250ml左右。既往身体健康。体检:体温37℃,右肩胛下少量细小湿啰音,心尖部2级柔和的收缩期杂音,X线胸片无异常发现。1.此患者应用止血药物首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "垂体后叶素", "B": "立止血", "C": "氨基酸", "D": "6-氨基己酸"}, "answer": "垂体后叶素", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,30岁,餐后突发右上腹及剑突下痛,放射到右肩及后背部,2h后疼痛剧烈,伴恶心,并吐出所进食物。仍不缓解,急诊就医。数年“胃病”史及胆石症历史,间有胆绞痛发作,查体:痛苦病容,体温37.2℃,呼吸28/min,浅快,律齐;全腹胀,上腹肌紧张,压痛反跳痛(+);移动性浊音(±)。白细胞12×109/L,血红蛋白125g/L,尿淀粉酶400U(温氏法正常值32U)。1.下列初步诊断中,不可能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔", "B": "急性肠梗阻", "C": "急性胰腺炎", "D": "急性胃肠炎"}, "answer": "急性胃肠炎", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.新生儿期亦可发生的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹", "B": "水痘", "C": "猩红热", "D": "丘疹样荨麻疹"}, "answer": "水痘", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制药(ACEI)的作用特点不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "适用于各型高血压", "B": "降压时可反射性加快心率", "C": "长期应用不易引起电解质紊乱", "D": "可防止和逆转高血压患者血管壁的增厚"}, "answer": "降压时可反射性加快心率", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初孕妇,24岁。妊娠39周,腹痛2天,加剧1小时。查体:BP 130/90mmHg,心率106次/分,下腹拒按,阴道口可见胎儿上肢,胎心音消失,导尿呈淡红色。首先的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内倒转后臀牵引", "B": "行胎头吸引术", "C": "立即剖宫产", "D": "行产钳助产术"}, "answer": "立即剖宫产", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "血液内存在的下述物质中,不属于代谢终产物的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿酸", "B": "尿素", "C": "肌酐", "D": "丙酮酸"}, "answer": "丙酮酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.体现不伤害原则的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "杜绝对病人的有意伤害", "B": "选择受益最大、损伤最小的治疗方案", "C": "患者及家属无法实行知情同意时,医生可以行使家长权", "D": "合理筛选肾脏移植受术者"}, "answer": "杜绝对病人的有意伤害", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "格林-巴利综合征可有变异型,但应除外下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "急性运动轴索型神经病", "B": "急性运动感觉轴索型神经病", "C": "慢性炎症性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病", "D": "不能分类的格林-巴利综合征"}, "answer": "慢性炎症性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肺心病肺动脉高压形成的多项因素中,可经治疗后明显降低肺动脉压的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "缺氧性肺血管收缩", "B": "肺气肿压迫肺毛细血管", "C": "慢性缺氧所致肺血管重建", "D": "肺泡壁破裂所致肺循环阻力增大"}, "answer": "缺氧性肺血管收缩", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "24岁初产妇,足月,规律宫缩7小时。血压110/70mmHg。骨盆不小,预测胎儿体重为2750g,枕左前位,胎心好。肛查宫口开大4cm,S=0。最适宜的处理应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不需干涉产程进展", "B": "人工破膜", "C": "静脉滴注缩宫素", "D": "静脉缓注25%硫酸镁16mL"}, "answer": "不需干涉产程进展", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女婴,1岁,体重10kg,生后母乳喂养,8月始添加辅食,因不能站立而就诊。查体:精神好,面稍苍白,消瘦,腹部皮下脂肪厚度为0.3cm,肌肉松弛。可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "正常儿", "B": "Ⅱ度营养不良", "C": "Ⅰ度营养不良", "D": "佝偻病"}, "answer": "Ⅱ度营养不良", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "主动-被动型的医患关系主要用于(  )。", "options": {"A": "康复期治疗患者", "B": "严重昏迷的患者", "C": "慢性感染患者", "D": "急性感染期患者"}, "answer": "严重昏迷的患者", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一成人烧伤面积60%,7小时后入院,经注射吗啡、头孢类抗生素和生理盐水1000mL,仍有休克,应考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "心源性休克", "B": "感染性休克", "C": "神经性休克", "D": "低血容量性休克"}, "answer": "低血容量性休克", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,男,出生时Apgar评分4分,生后2天,嗜睡,肌张力减退,瞳孔缩小,时而出现惊厥,头颅CT扫描可见右叶有低密度影。3.该患儿的支持疗法应采取哪些措施,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "纠正酸中毒", "B": "纠正低血糖", "C": "静点地塞米松", "D": "补液"}, "answer": "静点地塞米松", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.上述哪项是提示乙肝病毒复制并具有强传染性的指标(  )。", "options": {"A": "HBsAg", "B": "HBeAg", "C": "抗-HBs", "D": "抗-HBe"}, "answer": "HBeAg", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "与流感病毒吸附有关的成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "核蛋白", "B": "血凝素", "C": "M蛋白", "D": "脂质双层"}, "answer": "血凝素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.对多种类型免疫细胞具有抑制作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Tc", "B": "Ts", "C": "Th", "D": "B-1"}, "answer": "Ts", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,28岁,间断腹痛、腹泻、脓血便3年,再发3个月。既往诊断为溃疡性结肠炎,未维持治疗。现脓血便2~3次/天,无发热。结肠镜示:降结肠黏膜弥漫性充血、水肿。颗粒样改变,多发性溃疡。此患者目前首选治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服氨基水杨酸制剂", "B": "口服菌群调节剂", "C": "口服止泻剂", "D": "禁食,静脉营养"}, "answer": "口服氨基水杨酸制剂", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "6.糖尿病伴发的精神障碍,最常见的症状为(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑郁", "B": "焦虑", "C": "精神运动性抑制", "D": "谵妄"}, "answer": "抑郁", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是影响外周阻力的主要因素?(  )", "options": {"A": "血液粘滞性", "B": "红细胞数", "C": "血管长度", "D": "小动脉口径"}, "answer": "小动脉口径", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于风湿性心内膜炎的描述中,哪一项是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "赘生物与瓣膜粘连不牢固", "B": "受累瓣膜容易发生穿孔、断裂", "C": "三尖瓣最常受累", "D": "瓣膜赘生物由血小板和纤维素组成"}, "answer": "瓣膜赘生物由血小板和纤维素组成", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项具有免疫记忆的细胞?(  )", "options": {"A": "巨噬细胞", "B": "中性粒细胞", "C": "Th细胞", "D": "树突状细胞"}, "answer": "Th细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者46岁,脐右侧阵发性疼痛6个月,左下肢麻木,右下肢无力4个月。检查发现左腹股沟以下痛觉减退,触觉存在,右下肢音叉振动觉消失,右下肢肌力4级,右膝踝反射亢进,右侧巴氏征(+)。病变部位在(  )。", "options": {"A": "右侧T10节段", "B": "左侧T12节段", "C": "左侧T10节段", "D": "右侧L1节段"}, "answer": "右侧T10节段", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,26岁,头昏乏力3个月,偶有牙龈出血。体查:贫血貌,浅表淋巴结及肝脾不大。骨髓增生低下,巨核细胞未见,淋巴细胞相对增多。下述哪一项治疗是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "雄激素可损害肝功能", "B": "避免使用皮质激素", "C": "脾切除对部分病人可以有效", "D": "反复输血可致铁负荷过重"}, "answer": "避免使用皮质激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "当病人出现血容量不足的症状时,说明在短期内体液丧失至少已达体重的(  )。", "options": {"A": "5%", "B": "7%", "C": "10%", "D": "15%"}, "answer": "5%", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是慢性肾盂肾炎与慢性硬化性肾炎光镜下病变主要的区别?(  )", "options": {"A": "肾小动脉硬化", "B": "肾小球球囊周围纤维化", "C": "肾小管扩张", "D": "肾间质纤维化"}, "answer": "肾小球球囊周围纤维化", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于医德良心,下述提法中不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医德良心是对道德责任的自觉认识", "B": "医德良心在行为前具有选择作用", "C": "医德良心在行为中具有监督作用", "D": "医德良心在行为后具有社会评价作用"}, "answer": "医德良心在行为前具有选择作用", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "乙类传染病中采取甲类传染病的预防、控制措施的疾病有(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓灰质炎", "B": "狂犬病", "C": "炭疽中的肺炭疽", "D": "肺结核"}, "answer": "炭疽中的肺炭疽", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于急性脑血管病的病变部位,下述何者是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑栓塞以大脑中动脉阻塞最常见", "B": "脑出血的血管最多在豆纹动脉", "C": "脑桥出血多由基底动脉的旁正中动脉破裂所致", "D": "蛛网膜下腔出血以大脑凸面畸形血管破裂最多见"}, "answer": "蛛网膜下腔出血以大脑凸面畸形血管破裂最多见", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于精神分析解释技术的说法不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "要在病人有接受解释的准备再进行解释", "B": "解释是揭示思想和行为的潜意识含义的一种方法", "C": "解释是治疗师对患者的理解,与病人的领悟无关", "D": "要少量解释"}, "answer": "解释是治疗师对患者的理解,与病人的领悟无关", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "药物出现副作用的主要是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "药物的选择性低", "B": "药物的代谢速度慢", "C": "药物排泄过慢", "D": "病人对药物的敏感性高"}, "answer": "药物的选择性低", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,45岁。3天前突然发热、头痛、嗜睡,随后出现兴奋话多,言语零乱,说在墙壁上看到了妖怪,有人要害他等。患者所处的状态是(  )。", "options": {"A": "焦虑状态", "B": "幻觉状态", "C": "谵妄状态", "D": "昏迷状态"}, "answer": "谵妄状态", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "格林–巴利综合征的病因可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒感染脊髓", "B": "病毒感染周围神经", "C": "周围神经自身免疫性炎症", "D": "细菌感染周围神经"}, "answer": "周围神经自身免疫性炎症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不属于免疫耐受机制的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸腺内阴性选择", "B": "T细胞克隆无能", "C": "免疫抑制", "D": "B细胞克隆无能"}, "answer": "免疫抑制", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "脊髓灰质炎的瘫痪特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对称性迟缓性瘫痪,有感觉障碍", "B": "对称性迟缓性瘫痪,无感觉障碍", "C": "不对称性迟缓性瘫痪,无感觉障碍", "D": "双下肢痉挛性瘫痪,无感觉障碍"}, "answer": "不对称性迟缓性瘫痪,无感觉障碍", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小脑幕切迹疝致对侧锥体束征是因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "疝内容物压迫脑干", "B": "疝内容物压迫大脑脚", "C": "病灶压迫大脑皮层", "D": "病变压迫小脑半球"}, "answer": "疝内容物压迫大脑脚", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不属于血浆非蛋白类含氮化合物的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌酸", "B": "肌酐", "C": "胆红素", "D": "胆汁酸"}, "answer": "胆汁酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "骨折病人长期卧床可发生(  )。", "options": {"A": "创伤性关节炎", "B": "损伤性骨化", "C": "缺血性骨坏死", "D": "坠积性肺炎"}, "answer": "坠积性肺炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "艾滋病(AIDS)的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)", "B": "人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)I型和Ⅱ型", "C": "泡沫病毒亚科病毒", "D": "缺陷型病毒"}, "answer": "人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)I型和Ⅱ型", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "脂肪变性最常发生的器官是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑", "B": "肝", "C": "肾", "D": "脾"}, "answer": "肝", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.上叙哪项是盐析分离蛋白质的依据(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋白质紫外吸收的最大波长280nm", "B": "蛋白质是两性电解质", "C": "蛋白质分子大小不同", "D": "蛋白质溶液为亲水胶体"}, "answer": "蛋白质溶液为亲水胶体", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.肺泡细胞癌(  )。", "options": {"A": "周围型多见", "B": "弥漫型多见", "C": "发生于Ⅰ型肺泡上皮细胞", "D": "发生于胸膜"}, "answer": "弥漫型多见", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,68岁。阵发性腹痛1年,自觉有“气块”在腹中窜动,起初大便次数增加,近3个月腹胀、便秘,近3天无肛门排气排便,呕吐物有粪便臭味,一直感觉乏力和低热。3.禁忌使用的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部B超", "B": "全消化道钡餐造影", "C": "腹部X线平片", "D": "腹部CT"}, "answer": "全消化道钡餐造影", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "血红素合成的限速酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿卟啉原Ⅰ合成酶", "B": "血红素合成酶", "C": "ALA合酶", "D": "尿卟啉原Ⅲ合成酶"}, "answer": "ALA合酶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述组合正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性粒细胞白血病——特异性皮肤损害多见", "B": "急性淋巴细胞白血病——儿童病例绿色瘤常见", "C": "M3——多伴DIC", "D": "慢性淋巴细胞白血病——多见急变"}, "answer": "M3——多伴DIC", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "最易引起血管神经损伤的股骨干骨折部位在(  )。", "options": {"A": "上1/3", "B": "中1/3", "C": "下1/3", "D": "上中1/3交界处"}, "answer": "下1/3", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不符合急性细菌性心内膜炎的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "瓣膜赘生物体积大、污秽、易脱落", "B": "常伴有败血症", "C": "发生于已有病变的心瓣膜", "D": "可引起乳头肌断裂"}, "answer": "发生于已有病变的心瓣膜", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "细胞色素在呼吸链中传递电子的顺序是(  )。", "options": {"A": "a3→b→c→c1→a", "B": "b→c→c1→aa3", "C": "b→c1→c→aa3", "D": "c1→c→aa3→b"}, "answer": "b→c1→c→aa3", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "最可能的致死性突变为缺失或插入一个核苷酸,其机制为(  )。", "options": {"A": "碱基颠换", "B": "移码突变", "C": "无义突变", "D": "自发性转换突变"}, "answer": "移码突变", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "10岁男孩,因发热,关节肿痛,皮肤出现环形红斑,心率增快出现奔马律,血沉增快,经治疗上述症状、体征消失后,需继续预防的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "避免关节损伤", "B": "减少体育运动", "C": "长效青霉素肌内注射", "D": "激素吸入维持"}, "answer": "长效青霉素肌内注射", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,70岁。反复咳嗽、咳痰25年,心悸、气促、下肢间歇水肿3年,病情加重伴畏寒发热1周入院。体检:体温38℃,呼吸急促,口唇发绀,双肺叩诊过清音,中下肺闻及湿啰音,心率110次/分,心律齐,无杂音,双下肢重度水肿。4.假设该病例呼吸困难突然进一步加重,右肺呼吸音明显较前减弱,应立即进行的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉血气分析", "B": "胸部X线", "C": "心电图", "D": "PET"}, "answer": "胸部X线", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪个是T细胞淋巴瘤?(  )", "options": {"A": "伯基特淋巴瘤", "B": "滤泡性淋巴瘤", "C": "滤泡中心细胞型淋巴瘤", "D": "曲折核淋巴细胞型淋巴瘤"}, "answer": "曲折核淋巴细胞型淋巴瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.根据抗原受体的类型可将T细胞分为(  )。", "options": {"A": "αβT细胞和γδT细胞", "B": "CD4+T细胞和CD8+T细胞", "C": "Th、Ts、TC和TDTH细胞", "D": "Th0、Th1、Th2和Th3细胞"}, "answer": "αβT细胞和γδT细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于二尖瓣狭窄的叙述中,哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "左心室肥大、扩张", "B": "右心房肥大、扩张", "C": "右心室肥大、扩张", "D": "肺淤血、水肿"}, "answer": "左心室肥大、扩张", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "克罗恩病典型的表现中不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "受累肠段弥漫性充血水肿伴糜烂", "B": "纵行溃疡", "C": "裂隙样溃疡", "D": "铺路石样改变"}, "answer": "受累肠段弥漫性充血水肿伴糜烂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4个月婴儿,发热,咳嗽2天,嗜睡,反复惊厥半天。查体:精神差,前囟膨隆,两肺可闻及中小水泡音,颈无抵抗,双巴氏征阳性。3.最可能的合并症为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑积水", "B": "颅内出血", "C": "硬膜下积液", "D": "脑水肿"}, "answer": "硬膜下积液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "若肺炎球菌肺炎患者对青霉素过敏,宜选用的有效抗菌药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "庆大霉素", "B": "阿米卡星", "C": "左氧氟沙星", "D": "苄星青霉素"}, "answer": "左氧氟沙星", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "初孕妇,26岁。妊娠38周,自觉胎动减少10小时。入院5小时后产程发动,听诊胎心率100,此时最恰当的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "加压给氧", "B": "给予宫缩抑制剂", "C": "剖宫产", "D": "继续观察"}, "answer": "剖宫产", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "伴有糖尿病的水肿病人,不宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "氢氯噻嗪", "B": "螺内酯", "C": "氨苯蝶啶", "D": "呋塞米"}, "answer": "氢氯噻嗪", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "我国完全性葡萄胎的恶变率为(  )。", "options": {"A": "10.5%", "B": "14.5%", "C": "30.5%", "D": "35%"}, "answer": "14.5%", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.原核生物转录生成的mRNA属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "多顺反子", "B": "RNA聚合酶Ⅱ", "C": "原核RNA聚合酶σ", "D": "多聚A聚合酶"}, "answer": "多顺反子", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,45岁。反复肝功能异常多年,尿少、双下肢水肿2年,加重2周。口服呋塞米20mg,3次/日,尿量由500ml/d增至3500ml/d。1天来昏睡,呼之有反应。患者意识障碍最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑血管意外", "B": "肝肺综合征", "C": "肝性脑病", "D": "低血容量性休克"}, "answer": "肝性脑病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪一项不是婴幼儿哮喘的诊断依据?(  )", "options": {"A": "喘息发作≥3次", "B": "肺部出现哮鸣音", "C": "一定伴有发热", "D": "一、二级亲属中有哮喘病史"}, "answer": "一定伴有发热", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "属于胃十二指肠溃疡手术后早期并发症的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "术后胃瘫", "B": "营养性并发症", "C": "残胃癌", "D": "碱性反流性胃炎"}, "answer": "术后胃瘫", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,38岁,腹痛、反酸9年。1周来症状加重,并出现夜间痛,进食能部分缓解。1.诊断首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠易激综合征", "B": "慢性胃炎", "C": "十二指肠球部溃疡", "D": "胃溃疡并幽门梗阻"}, "answer": "十二指肠球部溃疡", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,35岁,G2P1。停经70天,下腹隐痛,阴道不规则流血6天,子宫达脐水平,尿HCG(+)。2.随访中无需常规检查的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "月经规律", "B": "胸片", "C": "定期B超检查", "D": "定期性激素水平测定"}, "answer": "定期性激素水平测定", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.含巯基的氨基酸是(  )。", "options": {"A": "半胱氨酸", "B": "蛋氨酸", "C": "脯氨酸", "D": "鸟氨酸"}, "answer": "半胱氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肾综合征出血热属(  )。", "options": {"A": "蚊传性出血热", "B": "动物源性出血热伴肾综合征", "C": "动物源性出血热不伴肾综合征", "D": "传播途径不明的出血热"}, "answer": "动物源性出血热伴肾综合征", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列情况属于浅Ⅱ度烧伤的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤及表皮浅层,生发层健在", "B": "伤及表皮生发层、真皮乳头层", "C": "伤及皮肤全层", "D": "伤及皮下组织"}, "answer": "伤及表皮生发层、真皮乳头层", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初产妇28岁,妊娠38周,主诉肋下有块状物。腹部检查:子宫呈纵椭圆形,胎先露部较软且不规则,胎心在脐下偏左,本例应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "枕先露", "B": "臀先露", "C": "肩先露", "D": "复合先露"}, "answer": "臀先露", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者右眼球不能外展,右额纹及鼻唇沟消失,示齿口角左偏,伸舌左偏,无舌肌萎缩,左侧中枢性上下肢瘫,以下哪项为其病变部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "左侧脑桥及延髓", "B": "右侧脑桥及左侧延髓", "C": "右侧脑桥", "D": "右侧脑桥及延髓"}, "answer": "右侧脑桥", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性颅内压增高时病人早期生命体征改变为(  )。", "options": {"A": "血压升高,脉搏增快,脉压增大", "B": "血压降低,脉搏变缓,脉压变小", "C": "血压降低,脉搏增快,脉压变小", "D": "血压升高,脉搏变缓,脉压增大"}, "answer": "血压升高,脉搏变缓,脉压增大", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于成人特发性血小板减少性紫癜,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主要见于男性", "B": "发病年龄多大于60岁", "C": "女性青春期易发病", "D": "多有淋巴细胞增多"}, "answer": "女性青春期易发病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于“适应行为量表”,不正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "评估个体维持生存的能力", "B": "属于心理测验工具的一种", "C": "常配合智力测验一起使用", "D": "“自理能力”属基本的适应行为"}, "answer": "属于心理测验工具的一种", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.流行性乙型脑炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸道感染", "B": "消化道感染", "C": "血源性感染", "D": "淋巴道感染"}, "answer": "血源性感染", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,60岁。反复咳嗽、咳痰25年,心悸、气促、下肢间歇水肿3年,病情加重伴畏寒发热1周入院。体检:T 38℃,呼吸急促,口唇发绀,双肺叩诊过清音,中下肺闻及湿啰音,心率110次/分,心律齐,无杂音,双下肢重度水肿。2.为明确诊断首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血胆固醇和甘油三酯测定", "B": "痰培养及药敏试验", "C": "胸部X线检查", "D": "心电图检查"}, "answer": "胸部X线检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "纯净胃液是(  )。", "options": {"A": "pH0.9~1.5的无色酸性液体", "B": "pH2.0~3.5的淡黄色酸性液体", "C": "pH4.0~6.0的无色酸性液体", "D": "pH7.4~8.0淡黄色碱性液体"}, "answer": "pH0.9~1.5的无色酸性液体", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心室肌的后负荷是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "心房压力", "B": "快速射血期心室内压", "C": "减慢射血期心室内压", "D": "大动脉血压"}, "answer": "大动脉血压", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "T细胞不具有的受体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗原受体", "B": "E受体", "C": "Tμ或Tγ受体", "D": "IgG Fc受体"}, "answer": "IgG Fc受体", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,50岁,慢性萎缩性胃炎20余年。胃镜检查,胃窦部大弯侧可见一直径约1cm的息肉状隆起。活体检查,病理诊断为中分化腺癌。手术切除癌组织局限于粘膜内。该患者早期胃癌的肉眼类型应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "I型", "B": "Ⅱb型", "C": "Ⅱc型", "D": "Ⅲ型"}, "answer": "I型", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.肺脓肿的常见病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺病毒", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "C": "呼吸道合胞病毒", "D": "肺炎链球菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,68岁。进行性记忆力下降5年。近半年多次因忘记关天然气而引起厨房失火,想不起常用日用品的名称。整日在家找东西,将家里弄得乱七八糟,并怀疑儿媳偷东西。既往体健,家族无类似疾病者,查体无阳性体征。辅助检查:头部CT示脑萎缩。Hachinski缺血指数数量表(HIS)评分:3分。患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿尔茨海默病", "B": "假性痴呆", "C": "妄想性障碍", "D": "血管性痴呆"}, "answer": "阿尔茨海默病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "具有麻醉药品处方权的执业医师被追究法律责任的情形是(  )。", "options": {"A": "未依照规定进行麻酵药品处方专册登记", "B": "未依照规定储存麻醉药物", "C": "紧急借用麻醉药品后未备案", "D": "未依照临床应用指导原则使用麻醉药品"}, "answer": "未依照临床应用指导原则使用麻醉药品", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男孩,5岁,自幼唇、指(趾)甲床青紫,乏力,活动后气促,体格发育落后,胸骨左缘第2~3肋间可闻及Ⅲ级收缩期杂音,经超声心动图证实为先天性心脏病——法洛匹联症。2.此患儿突然发生昏厥、抽搐最可能并发(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管肺炎", "B": "充血性心力衰竭", "C": "低钙惊厥", "D": "脑血栓,脑脓肿"}, "answer": "脑血栓,脑脓肿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "可发生出牙迟缓的疾病,不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "严重的营养不良", "B": "佝偻病", "C": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症", "D": "苯丙酮尿症"}, "answer": "苯丙酮尿症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "以滑膜炎为基本病理改变的风湿病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "强直性脊柱炎", "B": "类风湿关节炎", "C": "风湿性关节炎", "D": "痛风性关节炎"}, "answer": "类风湿关节炎", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,67岁,患高血压心脏病10年,因劳累突然出现呼吸困难,不能平卧,急查:BP 80/60mmHg,HR 130次/min。1.最可能的诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "自发性气胸", "B": "肺栓塞", "C": "急性左心衰", "D": "急性心包炎"}, "answer": "急性左心衰", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,50岁。左胸闷气2月,胸痛20天,夜间重,查体:颜面及颈部、胸壁略肿胀,胸壁静脉曲张,腋下有一拇指大小的淋巴结,无压痛,活动尚好,心率108次/分,律整,左肺呼吸音消失。1.诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "冠心病心力衰竭", "B": "冠心病心绞痛", "C": "自发性气胸", "D": "左癌性胸膜炎"}, "answer": "左癌性胸膜炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "颅内压增高的三主征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血压升高、脉搏细弱、呼吸微弱", "B": "头痛、呕吐、视乳头水肿", "C": "意识不清、呕吐、行走不稳", "D": "头昏、头痛、呕吐"}, "answer": "头痛、呕吐、视乳头水肿", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2周岁正常小儿血象白细胞分类以(  )。", "options": {"A": "杆状核细胞占优势", "B": "分叶粒细胞占优势", "C": "淋巴细胞占优势", "D": "幼稚淋巴细胞占优势"}, "answer": "淋巴细胞占优势", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,2岁,身高80cm,体重7.5kg。皮肤较松弛。股部皮下脂肪约0.3cm,该小儿的营养状况属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "正常", "B": "Ⅱ度营养不良", "C": "Ⅲ度营养不良", "D": "极度营养不良"}, "answer": "Ⅱ度营养不良", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,60岁。近3个月来大便不通畅,常有便血,疑为痔疮,遂未予理睬。一周来便血更甚,到门诊看病,医生建议手术治疗。手术中发现距肛门8cm的直肠壁内有4cm×2cm盘状突起的肿物,中心有溃疡,肠壁组织被破坏,周围淋巴结肿大。该患者所患疾病最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直肠孤立性溃疡综合征", "B": "溃疡型直肠鳞状细胞癌", "C": "溃疡型直肠腺癌", "D": "直肠混合痔"}, "answer": "溃疡型直肠腺癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.不把自己当病人,仍坚持带病工作是病人角色的(  )。", "options": {"A": "角色行为缺如", "B": "角色行为冲突", "C": "角色行为减退", "D": "角色行为强化"}, "answer": "角色行为减退", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "补体活化的经典激活物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌脂多糖", "B": "C反应蛋白", "C": "甘露聚糖结合凝集素", "D": "抗原抗体复合物"}, "answer": "抗原抗体复合物", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于外阴的解剖,以下哪项错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "小阴唇外侧面与皮肤相同,内侧面皮肤湿润似黏膜", "B": "大阴唇有很厚的皮下脂肪层,局部外伤时易发生血肿", "C": "阴蒂与男性阴茎海绵体相似,富含神经,有勃起性", "D": "阴道前庭为两侧小阴唇之间的菱形区"}, "answer": "小阴唇外侧面与皮肤相同,内侧面皮肤湿润似黏膜", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列抗高血压药物中,哪一药物易引起刺激性干咳?(  )", "options": {"A": "卡托普利", "B": "氯沙坦", "C": "硝苯地平", "D": "普萘洛尔"}, "answer": "卡托普利", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.决定一个人适应环境的独特的行为模式和思维方式,是个人比较稳定的心理特征的总和,称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "人格", "B": "气质", "C": "性格", "D": "动机"}, "answer": "人格", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,25岁。主诉心前区疼痛2小时,向左肩放射,吸气时疼痛加重,坐位时减轻,伴有畏寒、发热就诊。查体:血压105/75mmHg,体温38℃,心率110次/分,规则,心脏无杂音,两肺未见异常,有血吸虫病史。心电图示除aVR与V1外各导联ST段抬高。4.本例正确的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "手术取出栓子", "B": "心包穿刺", "C": "大剂量抗生素静脉滴注", "D": "应予升压药以及强心利尿剂"}, "answer": "心包穿刺", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪一项不是人体实验的道德原则(  )。", "options": {"A": "符合病人健康高于医学目的原则", "B": "符合知情同意的原则", "C": "符合实事求是的原则", "D": "符合医学目的的原则"}, "answer": "符合实事求是的原则", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,29岁,突发四肢乏力不适1天,下肢明显。发病前有饮酒史,既往曾发作2次,每次发作腰穿检查脑脊液常规及生化无异常发现。体检:四肢肌力减低,肌张力下降,腱反射消失,感觉正常。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓肿瘤", "B": "急性脊髓炎", "C": "周期性瘫痪", "D": "颈椎病"}, "answer": "周期性瘫痪", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不属于医学伦理学任务的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "确定符合时代要求的医德原则和规范", "B": "直接提高医务人员的医疗技术", "C": "为医学的发展导向", "D": "为符合道德的医学行为辩护"}, "answer": "直接提高医务人员的医疗技术", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "病儿跌伤,X线摄片为左肱骨下端骨骺分离。3周后到市医院就诊,接诊医生填X线申请单时将左写成右,放射科发现错后,拍了左手,却将一个“右”字铅号贴在X线片上。入院后主治医师在主诉中写左,诊断上又写右,手术通知单上也写右。术前备皮时,病儿提到左臂受伤.护士仍在右臂备皮。手术医生术前曾去查看患者,检查了左臂,第二天手术时竟仍按病志在右臂上开了刀,暴露到关节囊未见异常时,经再次询问病儿,方发现开错了手术部位。1.该事件的性质属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "医疗意外", "B": "一般医疗差错", "C": "严重医疗差错", "D": "医疗事故"}, "answer": "医疗事故", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.肺通气的直接动力是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺泡上皮细胞", "B": "肺间质", "C": "毛细血管基膜和内皮细胞", "D": "肺泡表面液体层"}, "answer": "毛细血管基膜和内皮细胞", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "病人突然昏迷、抽搐、瞳孔缩小、皮肤湿冷、多汗、呼吸困难,应考虑下述哪一种疾病可能性大(  )。", "options": {"A": "巴比妥类药物中毒", "B": "CO中毒", "C": "阿托品中毒", "D": "有机磷农药中毒"}, "answer": "有机磷农药中毒", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心尖搏动点向左下移位常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "右心房增大", "B": "心包积液", "C": "左心室增大", "D": "左心房增大"}, "answer": "左心室增大", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,45岁。因“胃溃疡”行胃部分切除术,卧床7天后出现高热,咳脓血痰伴气促。查体:T 39℃,P 120次/分,R 30次/分。双肺可闻及少许湿啰音。痰液涂片检查可见大量脓细胞,成堆排列的G+球菌,白细胞内也可见G+球菌。最可能感染的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "B": "A族链球菌", "C": "脑膜炎奈瑟菌", "D": "肺炎链球菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪一项在乳房的物理检查中应避免?(  )", "options": {"A": "按一定顺序检查乳房", "B": "用手轻抓捏乳房及肿物,以体会肿物情况", "C": "用手掌面轻按揉滑动检查腋窝淋巴结情况", "D": "乳头溢液需观察溢液量、色泽及溢液是否清亮,有无血性溢液等"}, "answer": "用手轻抓捏乳房及肿物,以体会肿物情况", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿肾病综合征最常见的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "感染", "B": "低钾血症", "C": "肾静脉血栓形成", "D": "低钙血症"}, "answer": "感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,62岁。近3个月来逐渐出现上腹不适,进食后饱胀、嗳气。纤维胃镜发现大弯侧胃壁上1cm大小块状肿物,与周围组织界限不清,病理检查示恶性。3.该疾病治疗最关键的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "切除范围距肿瘤边缘6~9cm", "B": "术后坚持化疗", "C": "早诊早治", "D": "设法保留部分胃底"}, "answer": "早诊早治", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列乳腺癌病理类型中,预后最好的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "黏液腺癌", "B": "硬癌", "C": "髓样癌", "D": "导管内癌"}, "answer": "导管内癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,40岁,患糖尿病1年,身高156cm,体重为70kg,无酮症,空腹血糖7.8mmol/L,最佳治疗方案为(  )。", "options": {"A": "饮食疗法+胰岛素", "B": "适当运动+饮食运动", "C": "卧床休息+饮食治疗", "D": "格列本脲+饮食治疗"}, "answer": "适当运动+饮食运动", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,72岁,银行职员,高中文化,3年前开始记忆力下降,逐渐加重,刚吃完饭后就忘记,说没吃饭,记不住孙子的名字,把子女错认为别人,远记力尚可,经常吵闹要回原来人家,有时焦虑,简单计算均可,复杂计算力差,在家乱翻东西,自己存折忘记放在什么地方,找不到时认为被女儿偷去了,躯体及神经系统检查无异常。1.该患者做哪一项检查最有诊断意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "头颅CT", "B": "脑电图", "C": "CSF", "D": "精神症状总体量表"}, "answer": "头颅CT", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.先天愚型(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨龄落后,具有特殊面容,黏液水肿", "B": "头大,四肢短小,智力正常", "C": "智力体格发育迟缓,具有特殊面容和皮纹特点", "D": "智力落后,皮肤毛发色素减少,尿有鼠尿臭味"}, "answer": "智力体格发育迟缓,具有特殊面容和皮纹特点", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为脑栓塞最常见的病因?(  )", "options": {"A": "动脉粥样硬化斑块脱落", "B": "慢性心房纤颤", "C": "颈动脉纤维肌肉发育不良", "D": "骨折或手术时的脂肪栓塞"}, "answer": "慢性心房纤颤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "子宫内膜异位症最常见的发病部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膀胱", "B": "卵巢", "C": "输卵管", "D": "阴道"}, "answer": "卵巢", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,11岁,在一次考试中突然将手中钢笔掉在地上,两眼向前瞪视,呼之不应,持续数秒钟。过后对上述情况全无记忆,以后反复有类似发作,有时一日发作几次,可诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "癔病", "B": "失神发作", "C": "局限性癫痫", "D": "精神运动性发作"}, "answer": "失神发作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,56岁,吞咽困难5个月。胃镜检查见食管中段隆起伴溃疡,管腔狭窄,管壁僵硬。黏膜活检最可能的病理改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺癌", "B": "淋巴瘤", "C": "鳞癌", "D": "干酪样肉芽肿"}, "answer": "鳞癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪个药物不宜进行肌内注射?(  )", "options": {"A": "异丙肾上腺素", "B": "去甲肾上腺素", "C": "问羟胺", "D": "麻黄碱"}, "answer": "去甲肾上腺素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "心尖区触及舒张期震颤提示存在(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉导管未闭", "B": "主动脉瓣关闭不全", "C": "二尖瓣狭窄", "D": "二尖瓣关闭不全"}, "answer": "二尖瓣狭窄", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,23岁。G0P0。右下腹隐痛半个月,加重5小时。月经不规律。查体:T 37.0℃,P 96次/分,R 23次/分,BP 105/75mmHg。妇科检查:子宫右旁可触及大小约6cm的实性包块,触痛,子宫及左侧附件未触及异常。血清AFP 900μg/L。2.手术探查见:右卵巢囊肿,表面光滑,未破裂,子宫及左侧附件正常,盆、腹腔未见病灶,最适合的手术方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "双侧附件切除术", "B": "单纯右侧卵巢囊肿剥除术", "C": "子宫+右侧附件切除术", "D": "保留生育功能的分期手术"}, "answer": "保留生育功能的分期手术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,46岁。有风湿性心脏病,二尖瓣狭窄,经常自觉气短,来医院诊为慢性心功能不全,并给予地高辛每日维持量治疗,但该病人不久发生强心苷中毒,分析原因可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人发生低血钾,低血镁", "B": "合用奎尼丁", "C": "合用维拉帕米", "D": "以上均可能"}, "answer": "以上均可能", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有关齿状线解剖意义的描述中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "齿状线以上发生的痔是内痔,以下的痔是外痔", "B": "齿状线以上由直肠上、下动脉供血,以下由肛管动脉供血", "C": "齿状线以上淋巴引流入髂外淋巴结,以下入腹股沟淋巴结", "D": "齿状线以上受自主神经支配,以下属阴部内神经支配"}, "answer": "齿状线以上淋巴引流入髂外淋巴结,以下入腹股沟淋巴结", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.形成3',5'-环化鸟苷酸时需要哪种核苷酸?(  )", "options": {"A": "CTP", "B": "GTP", "C": "UTP", "D": "TTP"}, "answer": "GTP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肾清除率的概念是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾脏在一定时间内所排出的某物质的量", "B": "肾在单位时间内由肾小球滤过的血浆量", "C": "肾在单位时间内能将多少毫升血浆中所含的某物质完全清除出去", "D": "单位时间内肾血浆中某物质的浓度与尿中该物质浓度的比值"}, "answer": "肾在单位时间内能将多少毫升血浆中所含的某物质完全清除出去", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "引起肠易激综合征发病的最重要因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内脏感知异常", "B": "精神心理障碍", "C": "急性肠道感染", "D": "胃肠动力异常"}, "answer": "精神心理障碍", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.特发性血小板减少性紫癜(  )。", "options": {"A": "贫血和出血程度一致", "B": "有贫血而无出血", "C": "有出血而无贫血", "D": "无出血亦无贫血"}, "answer": "贫血和出血程度一致", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "衡量某疾病的原因归因于暴露某危险因素程度的最好指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "归因危险度百分比", "B": "人群归因危险度", "C": "人群归因危险度百分比", "D": "相对危险度"}, "answer": "归因危险度百分比", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,30岁。全身乏力,面部肌肉紧张2天,7天前稻田间劳动使足部划伤,局部分泌物标本检出致病微生物为革兰阳性菌。有周鞭毛,无荚膜,厌氧培养呈羽毛样菌落。最可能的致病微生物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "产气荚膜梭菌", "B": "溶血性链球菌", "C": "破伤风梭菌", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "破伤风梭菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "琥珀酸氧化呼吸链不含有的组分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "FMN", "B": "CoQ", "C": "Cytc", "D": "Cyta"}, "answer": "FMN", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.治疗滴虫性阴道炎宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "雌激素", "B": "孕激素", "C": "甲硝唑", "D": "克霉唑"}, "answer": "甲硝唑", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "吗啡抑制呼吸的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "作用于中脑顶盖前核", "B": "能降低呼吸中枢对血液中CO2的敏感性", "C": "作用于导水管周围的灰质", "D": "作用于边缘系统"}, "answer": "能降低呼吸中枢对血液中CO2的敏感性", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,23岁,车祸致伤,即来院就诊,神志模糊,咯血,口鼻均有泥沙及血外溢,呼吸困难,烦躁不安,左侧严重擦伤、肿胀。查:HR102次/分,BP16.7/12kPa(125/90mmHg),四肢尚可自动活动,左大腿中下段中度肿胀、瘀斑和严重擦伤。2.下列哪项诊断可不予考虑?(  )", "options": {"A": "颅脑损伤", "B": "鼻骨骨折", "C": "肋骨骨折", "D": "左股骨骨折"}, "answer": "左股骨骨折", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗,错误的概念是(  )。", "options": {"A": "疫苗株不耐热,贮存和运输中必须冷藏,口服接种以凉开水送服", "B": "脊髓灰质炎病毒分3个血清型,接种1型疫苗糖丸可预防所有3个血清型脊髓灰质炎", "C": "冬季肠道疾病较少,对疫苗的干扰作用小,故宜于冬季棒种", "D": "接种疫苗后通过自然途径感染,因此可产生局部分泌SIgA和血清IgG抗体"}, "answer": "脊髓灰质炎病毒分3个血清型,接种1型疫苗糖丸可预防所有3个血清型脊髓灰质炎", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,6岁。浮肿、尿色红2天入院。查体:颜面眼睑浮肿,心肺听诊无异常,尿常规有红细胞(+++),蛋白(+),半月前患过扁桃体炎。3.发生上述情况,首先应采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "加强抗生素的应用", "B": "使用强心剂", "C": "补充电解质", "D": "血液透析"}, "answer": "血液透析", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "以骨骼改变为主的佝偻病,多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "佝偻病早期", "B": "佝偻病活动期", "C": "佝偻病恢复期", "D": "佝偻病初期"}, "answer": "佝偻病活动期", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "EBV主要侵犯的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD4细胞", "B": "T细胞", "C": "B细胞", "D": "单核细胞"}, "answer": "B细胞", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下哪项在脑出血的内科治疗中最重要?(  )", "options": {"A": "控制脑水肿", "B": "降低血压", "C": "给止血剂", "D": "抗生素治疗"}, "answer": "控制脑水肿", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.硝普钠的作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "减弱心肌收缩力", "B": "降低左心室后负荷", "C": "同时降低左心室前后负荷", "D": "增强心肌收缩力"}, "answer": "同时降低左心室前后负荷", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "法洛四联症最早且主要的表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蹲踞", "B": "青紫", "C": "杵状指(趾)", "D": "活动耐力下降"}, "answer": "青紫", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "30岁初产妇,孕38周,规律宫缩18小时,肛查宫口8cm,先露0。胎膜未破,腹部触诊为头先露,宫缩时宫体部不硬,持续30秒,间隔5分钟,胎心140次/分,B型超声检查示胎儿双顶径为9.0cm。2.本例恰当的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人工破膜", "B": "立即剖宫产", "C": "静脉滴注催产素", "D": "肌内注射哌替啶"}, "answer": "人工破膜", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者的自主性是因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "医患之间的契约关系", "B": "医患之间的亲疏关系", "C": "医患之间的政治关系", "D": "医患之间的工作关系"}, "answer": "医患之间的契约关系", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.手术禁忌证的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膜部室间隔缺损", "B": "动脉导管未闭", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "艾森曼格综合征"}, "answer": "艾森曼格综合征", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.乳腺纤维腺瘤的常见肉眼观是(  )。", "options": {"A": "分叶状", "B": "乳头状", "C": "结节状", "D": "囊状"}, "answer": "结节状", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "物质滥用中的耐受性是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "机体产生的一种心理上的适应性改变", "B": "反复使用精神活性物质导致的一组症状", "C": "明知有害仍持续使用精神活性物质", "D": "物质使用者必须增加剂量方能达到原先的效果"}, "answer": "机体产生的一种心理上的适应性改变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不属霍乱弧菌生物学特性的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "无荚膜、芽胞,但有鞭毛", "B": "营养要求不高,需氧,耐碱不耐酸", "C": "致病物质主要是霍乱肠毒素", "D": "革兰阳性菌"}, "answer": "革兰阳性菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性乙型肝炎最重要的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "扶正化瘀胶囊", "B": "恩替卡韦", "C": "甘草酸二胺", "D": "胸腺肽"}, "answer": "恩替卡韦", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女孩,3岁。生后发现口唇青紫,活动后加剧。平时喜蹲踞,哭吵时有突发呼吸急促、青紫加重,严重时伴晕厥,曾半年内晕厥2次,均于清晨或哭吵后发作,经2~3分钟自行恢复。今晨又出现晕厥,持续5分钟,即来急诊。查体:T 37.0℃,P 100次/分,R 22次/分,BP 82/55mmHg。神志不清,双肺听诊未见异常,胸骨左缘第2~4肋间闻及3/6级收缩期杂音,无震颤,肺动脉第二心音减弱。口唇青紫,指、趾甲青紫,杵状指、趾,颈软,神经系统查体无异常。3.患儿晕厥的原因(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺动脉漏斗部痉挛", "B": "血流缓慢", "C": "脑血栓形成", "D": "血液黏稠"}, "answer": "肺动脉漏斗部痉挛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在病例对照研究中,病例的选择最好是以下哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "新发病例", "B": "死亡病例", "C": "现患病例和死亡病例", "D": "现患病例"}, "answer": "新发病例", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.结合转录调节因子并抑制基因表达的序列是(  )。", "options": {"A": "密码子", "B": "增强子", "C": "启动子", "D": "沉默子"}, "answer": "沉默子", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "胃溃疡的愈合是通过(  )。", "options": {"A": "完全再生修复", "B": "胃粘膜腺体再生修复", "C": "纤维组织和表面被覆上皮修复", "D": "纤维组织和胃粘膜腺体修复"}, "answer": "纤维组织和表面被覆上皮修复", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "重视早期经验对人的影响的心理学家是(  )。", "options": {"A": "弗洛伊德", "B": "罗杰斯", "C": "斯金纳", "D": "马斯洛"}, "answer": "弗洛伊德", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是免疫复合物沉积最重要的因素?(  )", "options": {"A": "CIC与组织结合的能力", "B": "可溶性的免疫复合物", "C": "补体的激活", "D": "Ag在体内长期存在"}, "answer": "补体的激活", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "引起右上腹胆绞痛及黄疸的最常见的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆道蛔虫病", "B": "急性胆囊炎", "C": "胆总管结石", "D": "复发性慢性胰腺炎"}, "answer": "胆总管结石", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "建筑工人不慎坠楼,腰剧痛,双下肢感觉运动障碍,二便功能障碍1.现场搬运的正确方法(  )。", "options": {"A": "平托或滚动法", "B": "单人搂抱法", "C": "侧卧搬运法", "D": "背驮法"}, "answer": "平托或滚动法", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.真核生物转录作用生成的mRNA为(  )。", "options": {"A": "内含子", "B": "USnRNP", "C": "多顺反子", "D": "单顺反子"}, "answer": "单顺反子", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,59岁,右颈部淋巴结肿大3个月,蚕豆大小,其可能性最小的病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋巴结反应性增生", "B": "恶性淋巴瘤", "C": "淋巴结结核", "D": "转移性肉瘤"}, "answer": "转移性肉瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于糖酵解途径的生理意义叙述中错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经细胞、骨髓等糖酵解旺盛", "B": "缺氧性疾病,由于糖酵解减少,易产生代谢性碱中毒", "C": "糖酵解可迅速提供ATP", "D": "肌肉剧烈运动时,其能量由糖酵解供给"}, "answer": "缺氧性疾病,由于糖酵解减少,易产生代谢性碱中毒", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性重症胰腺炎的临床表现一般不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热", "B": "呼吸衰竭", "C": "休克", "D": "腹泻"}, "answer": "腹泻", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,75岁,反复咳嗽、咳痰、喘息30年,活动后气短2年,加重1周。既往高血压病史25年,吸烟史30年,平均1包/d,已戒烟2年,查体:R 22次/min,双肺呼吸音低,偶可闻及干鸣音。双下肺可闻及少许湿性啰音。3.应采取的措施(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服利尿剂", "B": "吸入支气管舒张剂", "C": "口服祛痰药", "D": "口服支气管舒张剂"}, "answer": "吸入支气管舒张剂", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "原发性甲亢患者,行甲状腺大部切除术,术后12小时突然高热、烦躁、呕吐、脉速,可能的原因是发生了(  )。", "options": {"A": "术后上感", "B": "术后严重反应", "C": "甲状腺危象", "D": "切口内出血"}, "answer": "甲状腺危象", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.二尖瓣狭窄(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏杂音突然改变", "B": "心前区舒张期杂音", "C": "心前区收缩期杂音", "D": "主动脉瓣区舒张期杂音"}, "answer": "心前区舒张期杂音", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,23岁,农民,11月份固发热、头痛、呕吐3d入院。体检:面颈部潮红,双腋下少许出血点。尿常规:蛋白(++),红细胞3~10个/HP,血常规:WBC 23.0×109/L,异型淋巴细胞10%,PLT 48×109/L。2.该患者住院2d后,热退但症状明显加重,出血点增加,四肢厥冷,脉搏细弱,BP 80/60mmHg,此时对该患者的治疗原则是以(  )。", "options": {"A": "扩容为主", "B": "应用血管活性药", "C": "应用抗生索为主", "D": "应用止血药物为主"}, "answer": "扩容为主", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.绒毛膜上皮癌(  )。", "options": {"A": "多通过血液途径转移", "B": "多通过淋巴途径转移", "C": "多通过种植性转移", "D": "以上三者均可"}, "answer": "多通过血液途径转移", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项用于治疗再生障碍性贫血?(  )", "options": {"A": "切脾术", "B": "雄激素", "C": "右旋糖酐铁注射", "D": "输血"}, "answer": "雄激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "血站对献血者采集血液,应当符合下列规定(  )。", "options": {"A": "对身体状况不符合献血条件的,在采集血液前应向献血者说明情况", "B": "只对献血者收取一定比例的健康检查", "C": "每次采集血液量一般为200毫升", "D": "两次采集间隔期不少于3个月"}, "answer": "每次采集血液量一般为200毫升", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.小剂量阿司匹林预防血栓形成是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制单胺氧化酶", "B": "抑制TXA2生成", "C": "激动多巴胺受体", "D": "阻断多巴胺受体"}, "answer": "抑制TXA2生成", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,32岁,30min前被刀刺右前胸部,咳血痰,呼吸困难。体检:血压14.2/10.4kPa(107/78mmHg),脉搏96/min,右前胸有轻度皮下气肿,右锁骨中线4肋间可见3cm长创口,随呼吸有气体进出伤口响声。1.该病人纵隔的位置有何变化?(  )", "options": {"A": "正中位", "B": "左偏", "C": "右偏", "D": "在左侧与正中间摆动"}, "answer": "在左侧与正中间摆动", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在I型超敏反应中具有重要负反馈调节作用的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中性粒细胞", "B": "嗜碱性粒细胞", "C": "嗜酸性粒细胞", "D": "肥大细胞"}, "answer": "嗜酸性粒细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "恶性高血压病的肾脏特征性病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小叶间动脉内膜增厚", "B": "肾细动脉壁纤维蛋白样坏死", "C": "肾小球纤维化", "D": "肾小球毛细血管内血栓形成"}, "answer": "肾细动脉壁纤维蛋白样坏死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.持续心境低落,不符合任何一型抑郁的症状标准,同时无躁狂症状,病程至少2年(  )。", "options": {"A": "恶劣心境障碍", "B": "双相障碍混合性发作", "C": "抑郁发作", "D": "躁狂发作"}, "answer": "恶劣心境障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "判断肾盂肾炎患者是复发还是重新感染.通常以患者前次治疗停药后几周再发为依据?(  )", "options": {"A": "5周", "B": "6周", "C": "7周", "D": "8周"}, "answer": "6周", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.直接暴力可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "粉碎性骨折", "B": "病理性骨折", "C": "疲劳性骨折", "D": "撕脱性骨折"}, "answer": "粉碎性骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男孩,4岁。一向偏食,不吃鱼肉蛋,近日发现面色渐苍白。不愿活动,时而腹泻。查体心肺正常,肝脏于肋下触及3cm,脾未及,血Hb 60g/L,RBC 2.90×1012/L,血涂片:红细胞大小不等,以小为主,中心淡染区扩大。3.引起此病的主要病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "长期腹泻", "B": "生长发育过快", "C": "先天贮备不足", "D": "摄入量不足"}, "answer": "摄入量不足", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "《国际卫生条例(2005)》主要针对的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "药品的规格与剂型", "B": "可引起国际关注的公共卫生风险", "C": "可引起国际关注的多种慢性病", "D": "食品的包装与准入"}, "answer": "可引起国际关注的公共卫生风险", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列情况中,血浆D-二聚体测定结果正常的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性纤溶亢进症", "B": "急性肺梗死", "C": "下肢深静脉血栓形成", "D": "急性心肌梗死"}, "answer": "原发性纤溶亢进症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "9岁男孩,发热3周,膝关节痛1周就诊。查体:T38.2℃,P108次/分,咽无充血,心尖部可闻Ⅲ级收缩期吹风样杂音及舒张期隆隆样杂音,肺腹(-),双膝关节红肿,活动受限。1.首选的实验室检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "柯萨奇病毒抗体", "B": "ASO", "C": "类风湿因子", "D": "补体C3"}, "answer": "ASO", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于艾滋病高危人群以下选项错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "50岁以上的人", "B": "性乱者", "C": "静脉药瘾者", "D": "多次输血者"}, "answer": "50岁以上的人", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.基底膜有钉状突起(  )。", "options": {"A": "新月体性肾炎", "B": "膜性肾炎", "C": "轻微病变性肾炎", "D": "膜性增生性肾炎(Ⅱ型)"}, "answer": "膜性肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是首选链霉素的疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "鼠疫", "B": "草绿色链球菌性心内膜炎", "C": "布氏杆菌病", "D": "立克次体病"}, "answer": "鼠疫", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于维生素D缺乏性佝偻病的预防措施,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "及时添加辅食", "B": "提倡母乳喂养", "C": "增加户外活动", "D": "每日补充维生素D1000IU"}, "answer": "每日补充维生素D1000IU", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "锁骨骨折可发生的合并损伤,是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈2、3神经根", "B": "胸锁乳突肌", "C": "副神经损伤", "D": "臂丛神经损伤"}, "answer": "臂丛神经损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,33岁,1年来乏力,发热、关节痛,面颊部有蝶形红斑,口腔鼻腔黏膜溃疡,为无痛性。2个月来,病人兴奋、躁动,幻听、幻视,被害妄想,关系妄想。3.下列哪类药不易诱发红斑狼疮样反应?(  )", "options": {"A": "抗生素", "B": "抗结核药", "C": "磺胺类", "D": "抗精神病药"}, "answer": "抗精神病药", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "26岁初产妇,妊娠37周,因胎膜早破入院待产。既往体健,无传染病及遗传性疾病史,分娩过程顺利。分娩后突然出现呼吸困难、发绀、抽搐、休克,最终治疗无效死亡。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "空气栓塞", "B": "脂肪栓塞", "C": "血栓形成", "D": "羊水栓塞"}, "answer": "羊水栓塞", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对慢性疾病进行现况调查,最适宜计算的指标为(  )。", "options": {"A": "罹患率", "B": "发病率", "C": "患病率", "D": "发病比"}, "answer": "患病率", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "葡萄胎患者清宫后最适宜的避孕方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "长效口服避孕药", "B": "放置宫内节育器", "C": "阴茎套", "D": "避孕针"}, "answer": "阴茎套", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哪项是成熟红细胞中能量的主要来源?(  )", "options": {"A": "糖酵解", "B": "糖异生作用", "C": "糖有氧氧化", "D": "脂肪酸氧化"}, "answer": "糖酵解", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,24岁,突然意识不清,跌倒,全身强直数秒钟后抽搐,咬破舌。2分钟后抽搐停止。醒后活动正常。1.首先应考虑的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑血栓", "B": "蛛网膜下腔出血", "C": "癫痫", "D": "脑栓塞"}, "answer": "癫痫", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "治疗老年性阴道炎,最合适的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "碱性溶液冲洗阴道后置入己烯雌酚", "B": "酸性溶液冲洗阴道后置入己烯雌酚", "C": "碱性溶液冲洗阴道后置入甲硝唑", "D": "酸性溶液冲洗阴道后置入甲硝唑"}, "answer": "酸性溶液冲洗阴道后置入己烯雌酚", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不能显示阴性结石的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B超", "B": "CT", "C": "腹部平片", "D": "排泄性尿路造影"}, "answer": "腹部平片", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,28岁,发现颈部肿块2天就诊,体检右颈部扪及3cm×4cm肿块,质硬,随吞咽上下移动,右侧胸锁乳突肌前缘扪及2个肿大淋巴结,首先考虑的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性淋巴结炎", "B": "颈部转移性肿瘤", "C": "甲状腺腺瘤", "D": "甲状腺癌"}, "answer": "甲状腺癌", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心电图是(  )。", "options": {"A": "在心肌细胞内记录的生物电变化", "B": "在心肌细胞表面记录的生物电变化", "C": "在心脏表面记录的心电向量变化", "D": "在体表记录的心脏电变化引起的电场电位变化"}, "answer": "在体表记录的心脏电变化引起的电场电位变化", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,35岁。发热、腰痛、尿频、尿急1个月,近4天全身关节酸痛、尿频、尿急加重。体检;体温39.5℃,白细胞13×109/L,中性粒细胞86%,尿培养大肠杆菌阳性,诊断为大肠杆菌性尿路感染,应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素", "B": "庆大霉素", "C": "灰黄霉素", "D": "头孢曲松"}, "answer": "头孢曲松", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "初孕妇,平素月经规则,现停经32周。近3周体重无明显增加,宫高23cm。B超提示羊水过少(羊水指数为63mm),生物物理评分未见呼吸运动。本例的处理方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "待其足月后立即终止妊娠", "B": "待其自然分娩", "C": "待其34周立即终止妊娠", "D": "积极促胎肺成熟后终止妊娠"}, "answer": "积极促胎肺成熟后终止妊娠", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,33岁,发热伴牙龈出血3周。查体:贫血貌,脾肋下3cm,胸骨压痛(+),血红蛋白70g/L,白细胞14.0×109/L,血小板35×109/L,骨髓增生明显活跃,原始细胞占0.62,为进一步诊断,应首选以下哪项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "细胞化学染色", "B": "血清铁测定", "C": "染色体核型分析", "D": "抗血小板抗体检测"}, "answer": "细胞化学染色", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于实施人类辅助生殖技术的伦理原则,不当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "知情同意的原则", "B": "限制商品化的原则", "C": "互盲和保密的原则", "D": "维护后代利益的原则"}, "answer": "限制商品化的原则", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "DiGeorge综合征属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "联合免疫缺陷病", "B": "T细胞缺陷病", "C": "吞噬细胞缺陷病", "D": "补体缺陷病"}, "answer": "T细胞缺陷病", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肝穿刺活检,镜下见肝细胞弥漫性疏松化,气球样变,点状坏死及嗜酸小体形成。该病理诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性普通型肝炎", "B": "亚急性重型肝炎", "C": "急性重型肝炎", "D": "慢性活动型肝炎"}, "answer": "急性普通型肝炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "口服药物后,进入体循环有效量减少的现象是(  )。", "options": {"A": "恒比消除", "B": "药物诱导", "C": "首关消除", "D": "生物转化"}, "answer": "首关消除", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "新生儿期计划免疫应接种的疫苗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡介苗与百白破三联混合疫苗", "B": "卡介苗与乙肝疫苗", "C": "乙肝疫苗与麻疹疫苗", "D": "脊髓灰质炎糖丸与麻疹疫苗"}, "answer": "卡介苗与乙肝疫苗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于三羧酸循环的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是糖、脂肪、蛋白质的最终代谢通路", "B": "可为其他物质合成提供原料", "C": "始于柠檬酸的形成", "D": "是释放能量、产生ATP的主要环节"}, "answer": "是释放能量、产生ATP的主要环节", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "10个月小儿,因高热4天伴反复惊厥入院。体检:体温39.2℃,神志清,嗜睡,颈部抵抗,心、肺、腹无异常。Kerning征阳性、Brudzinski征阳性、Barbinski征阴性;血常规:WBC 8×109/L,N 0.89,L0.11;脑脊液常规:WBC1200×106/L,N 0.78,L 0.22,涂片可见革兰阳性双球菌,PPD试验阴性(1:2000)。1.此患儿诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒性脑炎", "B": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "C": "化脓性脑膜炎", "D": "流行性乙型脑炎"}, "answer": "化脓性脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,2岁。1个月来食欲减退,消瘦伴乏力,低热盗汗干咳2个月,易怒。体检:颈部可见数个肿大淋巴结,肝肋下1.5cm,结核菌素试验(++)。3.进行治疗药物选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "异烟肼", "B": "异烟肼+利福平", "C": "利福平+链霉素", "D": "利福平"}, "answer": "异烟肼+利福平", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "大面积烧伤早期发生的休克,多为(  )。", "options": {"A": "心源性休克", "B": "神经源性休克", "C": "低血容量性休克", "D": "感染性休克"}, "answer": "低血容量性休克", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.结核病以增生为主的病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上皮样细胞和郎汉斯巨细胞", "B": "异物巨细胞", "C": "液化性坏死", "D": "浆液纤维素性炎"}, "answer": "上皮样细胞和郎汉斯巨细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "青年男性外伤致右肱骨干骨折,折端外露。查体:有垂腕、垂指畸形,虎口感觉障碍。1.该患者的正确诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右肱骨干骨折伴桡神经损伤", "B": "右肱骨干开放性骨折伴桡神经损伤", "C": "右肱骨干开放性骨折", "D": "右肱骨干闭合性骨折"}, "answer": "右肱骨干开放性骨折伴桡神经损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "衡量一个国家医疗卫生水平的重要指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "围生期死亡率", "B": "胎儿期死亡率", "C": "婴儿死亡率", "D": "幼儿期死亡率"}, "answer": "围生期死亡率", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.内源性凝血系统激活始发因子(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅻ因子", "B": "X因子", "C": "Ⅷ因子", "D": "Ⅲ因子"}, "answer": "Ⅻ因子", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.抢救急性CO中毒时防止肺水肿(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉注射甘露醇、葡萄糖、呋塞米", "B": "药物冬眠,给予ATP及细胞色素c", "C": "保持呼吸道通畅,翻身及抗生素的应用", "D": "立即将病人移到空气新鲜的地方"}, "answer": "静脉注射甘露醇、葡萄糖、呋塞米", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "血清间接胆红素增加,直接胆红素基本正常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性血管内溶血", "B": "肝细胞炎症", "C": "Dubin-Johnson综合征", "D": "肝内胆管梗阻"}, "answer": "急性血管内溶血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "无偿献血的血液用途,应符合以下哪项规定?(  )", "options": {"A": "在保证临床用血的前提下,可以出售给单采血浆站", "B": "在保证临床用血的前提下,可以出售给血液制品生产单位", "C": "由血站自主决定", "D": "必须用于临床"}, "answer": "必须用于临床", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪种情感反应不属于情感性质的改变?(  )", "options": {"A": "情感高涨", "B": "情感低落", "C": "焦虑", "D": "情感倒错"}, "answer": "情感倒错", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于蛋白质合成的错误叙述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "20种氨基酸都有相应的密码", "B": "氨基酸以氨基与tRNA共价相连", "C": "核糖体是蛋白质翻译的场所", "D": "mRNA是多肽合成的直接摸板"}, "answer": "氨基酸以氨基与tRNA共价相连", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.在三羧酸环中是催化不可逆反应、但不是调节点的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "异柠檬酸脱氢酶、α-酮戊二酸脱氢酶", "B": "柠檬酸合成酶、琥珀酸脱氢酶", "C": "柠檬酸合成酶", "D": "琥珀酸合成酶"}, "answer": "柠檬酸合成酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪种情况禁忌使用吗啡或杜冷丁?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺心病合并肺性脑病", "B": "肺水肿", "C": "肺结核小量咯血", "D": "肺癌"}, "answer": "肺心病合并肺性脑病", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列关于酶促反应调节的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "温度越高反应速度越快", "B": "反应速度不受底物浓度的影响", "C": "底物饱和时,反应速度随酶浓度增加而增加", "D": "在最适pH下,反应速度不受酶浓度影响"}, "answer": "底物饱和时,反应速度随酶浓度增加而增加", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "卫生服务的需要主要取决于消费者的(  )。", "options": {"A": "自身健康状况", "B": "健康状况和购买愿望", "C": "购买愿望", "D": "购买愿望和支付能力"}, "answer": "健康状况和购买愿望", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.重症佝偻病患儿大剂量肌肉注射维生素D的剂量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1000~4000IU/d", "B": "2000~4000IU/d", "C": "20~30万IU/次", "D": "30~60万IU/次"}, "answer": "20~30万IU/次", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小剂量糖皮质激素替代疗法用于治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺皮质瘤", "B": "肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤", "C": "垂体前叶功能减退", "D": "垂体肿瘤"}, "answer": "垂体前叶功能减退", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "氯沙坦降压作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "拮抗ATⅡ受体活性", "B": "拮抗ACE的活性", "C": "拮抗肾素活性", "D": "增加血液血管紧张素Ⅱ水平"}, "answer": "拮抗ATⅡ受体活性", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.上述哪一型食管癌恶性程度较高?(  )", "options": {"A": "髓质型", "B": "溃疡型", "C": "蕈伞型", "D": "腔内型"}, "answer": "髓质型", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.女,50岁,近一周来无故担心外地工作的女儿会出什么事,激动不安,夜不能寐,应选用哪种药物治疗", "options": {"A": "乙琥胺", "B": "卡马西平", "C": "氯丙嗪", "D": "地西洋"}, "answer": "地西洋", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "治疗脑膜白血病首选药物为(  )。", "options": {"A": "环磷酰胺", "B": "三尖杉酯碱", "C": "长春新碱", "D": "甲氨蝶呤"}, "answer": "甲氨蝶呤", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "国家提倡自愿献血的健康公民是(  )。", "options": {"A": "18周岁到28周岁", "B": "16周岁到45周岁", "C": "16周岁到55周岁", "D": "18周岁到60周岁"}, "answer": "16周岁到55周岁", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于易化扩散的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "由载体介导的跨膜物质转运", "B": "载体转运具有高度的特异性", "C": "通道的选择性较载体差", "D": "类固醇激素进入细胞属易化扩散"}, "answer": "类固醇激素进入细胞属易化扩散", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "抗结核预防应用的化疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "链霉素", "B": "异烟肼", "C": "利福平", "D": "吡嗪酰胺"}, "answer": "异烟肼", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.尖锐湿疣的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯疱疹病毒", "B": "苍白密螺旋体", "C": "人免疫缺陷病毒", "D": "人乳头瘤病毒"}, "answer": "人乳头瘤病毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "最易诱发中毒性巨结肠的电解质紊乱是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低钾血症", "B": "低钠血症", "C": "低钙血症", "D": "低磷血症"}, "answer": "低钾血症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对有明显黄疸及腹水的肝癌患者,不应选用的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "介入治疗", "B": "肿瘤局部注射无水酒精", "C": "肿瘤局部放射治疗", "D": "免疫治疗+中医中药"}, "answer": "肿瘤局部放射治疗", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.可能是癌基因表达产物的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "TATA盒", "B": "增强子结合蛋白", "C": "酪氨酸蛋白激酶", "D": "RNA聚合酶Ⅱ"}, "answer": "酪氨酸蛋白激酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "目前效果最好的免疫抑制剂是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硫唑嘌呤", "B": "环磷酰胺", "C": "糖皮质激素", "D": "FK-506"}, "answer": "FK-506", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "治疗抑郁发作的常用药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯丙胺", "B": "丙咪嗪", "C": "氯丙嗪", "D": "奥氮平"}, "answer": "丙咪嗪", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肾小管上皮细胞变性中,下列哪种损害最轻?(  )", "options": {"A": "水变性", "B": "混浊肿胀", "C": "玻璃样小滴变性", "D": "脂肪变性"}, "answer": "玻璃样小滴变性", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性青春期最早出现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳房发育", "B": "体格发育", "C": "骨盆变化", "D": "脂肪蓄积"}, "answer": "乳房发育", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "结核菌素试验阴性错误判断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "未感染过结核", "B": "结核初次感染后4~8周内", "C": "患麻疹后", "D": "正在患粟粒型肺结核"}, "answer": "正在患粟粒型肺结核", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "穿过股管下口的结构是(  )。", "options": {"A": "股动脉", "B": "大隐静脉", "C": "股神经", "D": "精索"}, "answer": "大隐静脉", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,50岁。既往乙型肝炎病史20余年,今晨突发呕血,色鲜红,量约为1500ml,急至医院就诊,查体:BP 80/50mmHg,P 106次/分,面色苍白,四肢末梢凉,脾于肋下缘5cm,触及移动浊音(+),腹壁可见静脉曲张,至医院后患者又呕血一次,量约300ml。3.下列哪项与患者主要疾病关系不大?(  )", "options": {"A": "食管胃底静脉曲张", "B": "痔", "C": "腹膜后静脉曲张", "D": "大隐静脉曲张"}, "answer": "大隐静脉曲张", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "具有缓解胃肠痉挛作用的自主神经递质受体阻断剂是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿托品", "B": "酚妥拉明", "C": "育亨宾", "D": "筒箭毒碱"}, "answer": "阿托品", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于刺激的阈值的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "刺激时间和强度时间变化率不变时,引起组织兴奋的最小刺激强度", "B": "是组织发生兴奋的指标", "C": "阈值与兴奋性成正变关系", "D": "是引起膜对K+通透性突然增大产生阈电位的刺激强度"}, "answer": "刺激时间和强度时间变化率不变时,引起组织兴奋的最小刺激强度", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,83岁。高血压病30年,夜间阵发性呼吸困难12年,近2个月上述症状加重,伴厌食和腹胀。查体:血压180/100mmHg,端坐位,心界向两侧扩大。心率120次/分,心律绝对不齐。双下肺可闻及中小水泡音。肝肋下4cm、质软、有压痛,移动性浊音阳性。肝颈静脉回流征阳性,双下肢有可见凹陷性水肿。该患者最恰当的心功能评价为(  )。", "options": {"A": "全心衰竭", "B": "心功能Ⅱ级(NYHA分级)", "C": "心功能Ⅲ级(NYHA分级)", "D": "心功能Ⅰ级(NYHA分级)"}, "answer": "全心衰竭", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "导致右心室舒张期负荷过重的先天性心脏病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉导管未闭", "B": "房间隔缺损", "C": "室间隔缺损", "D": "法洛四联症"}, "answer": "房间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "诊断明确的肾综合征出血热病人,下列哪项是其发热期尿常规检查中特征性的变化?(  )", "options": {"A": "大量白细胞", "B": "大量管型", "C": "大量蛋白", "D": "大量凝血块"}, "answer": "大量蛋白", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,28岁。车祸后胸痛、呼吸困难40分钟。曾咳出少量血痰,无恶心、呕吐,无腹胀、腹痛,无意识障碍。查体:P 118次/分,BP 90/60mmHg。气管右偏,左侧胸壁皮肤淤青,无皮下气肿,左侧4、5、7肋骨触痛明显,可触及骨擦感,左胸叩诊鼓音,呼吸音减弱,心律齐,未闻及心脏杂音。腹软,无压痛,肝脾肋下未触及。四肢活动尚可,病理反射未引出。辅助检查:Hb 100g/L,RBC 3.2×1012/L,胸部X线片示左侧4、5、7侧肋骨折,左侧气胸,肺组织压缩约70%,左侧胸腔中等量积液。2.根据患者目前病情推断,最有可能合并存在的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "连枷胸", "B": "创伤性窒息", "C": "闭合性气胸", "D": "胸腹联合伤"}, "answer": "连枷胸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "T3期多发性膀胱肿瘤的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膀胱部分切除术", "B": "经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术", "C": "放疗", "D": "根治性膀胱全切除术"}, "answer": "根治性膀胱全切除术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "以下有助于区别血管内溶血和血管外溶血的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血红蛋白", "B": "网织红细胞计数", "C": "血清游离胆红素", "D": "血红蛋白尿"}, "answer": "血红蛋白尿", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于心脏复苏,以下哪项是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "房颤是心搏骤停的一种类型", "B": "心脏复苏时,首选心内注射给药", "C": "心脏复苏用药,首选去甲肾上腺素", "D": "电除颤是治疗室颤最有效的方法"}, "answer": "电除颤是治疗室颤最有效的方法", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肉类腌藏与蜜饯制作是利用何因素抑制细菌的生长?(  )", "options": {"A": "湿度", "B": "酸碱度", "C": "渗透压", "D": "以上都不对"}, "answer": "渗透压", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,47岁。既往有慢性乙型病毒性肝炎病史10余年,1月前出现右上腹隐痛不适。查体:右腹部膨隆,可扪及质地坚硬、表面凹凸不平的肿块,移动性浊音阳性。腹水为阳性,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性肝癌", "B": "肝囊肿", "C": "肝脓肿", "D": "肝血管瘤"}, "answer": "原发性肝癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于产力的描述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "产力只包括子宫收缩力、腹壁肌及膈肌收缩力", "B": "子宫收缩力的特点有节律性、不对称性、极性", "C": "第二产程主要是腹肌收缩力的作用", "D": "肛提肌收缩力协助胎先露在骨盆腔内行内旋转"}, "answer": "肛提肌收缩力协助胎先露在骨盆腔内行内旋转", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述氯丙嗪的作用中哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "使攻击性动物变得驯服", "B": "耗竭脑内儿茶酚胺和5-羟色胺", "C": "降低发热体温和正常体温", "D": "抑制吗啡的呕吐作用"}, "answer": "耗竭脑内儿茶酚胺和5-羟色胺", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列重症创伤患者,应首先抢救的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "泌尿系统结石合并肾绞痛", "B": "开放性气胸", "C": "开放性骨折", "D": "挤压伤"}, "answer": "开放性气胸", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在骨折复位中,以下哪项正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "复位后骨折断端的对位、对线必须完全良好", "B": "允许成人下肢骨折存在与关节活动方向垂直的侧方成角", "C": "若无骨骺损伤,可允许儿童下肢骨折短缩2厘米以内", "D": "肱骨干骨折必须达到解剖复位"}, "answer": "若无骨骺损伤,可允许儿童下肢骨折短缩2厘米以内", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,28岁,已婚,因消瘦、乏力、多食,心悸3个月就诊,近2年来服用口服避孕药。2.哪项检查对患者诊断最有意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "FT3,FT4,TSH测定", "B": "甲状腺吸碘率测定", "C": "TSH受体抗体测定", "D": "TGAb,TPOAb测定"}, "answer": "FT3,FT4,TSH测定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于麻疹的流行病学,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹的传染源包括麻疹患者和健康带菌者", "B": "感染后可获终生免疫", "C": "婴儿可从胎盘得到母亲的抗体", "D": "前驱期传染性最强"}, "answer": "麻疹的传染源包括麻疹患者和健康带菌者", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "帕金森病患者出现震颤麻痹是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "前庭小脑神经元病变所致", "B": "红核神经元病变所致", "C": "纹状体神经元病变所致", "D": "黑质中多巴胺神经递质系统功能受损"}, "answer": "黑质中多巴胺神经递质系统功能受损", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪种细菌不属于侵袭性致病菌(  )。", "options": {"A": "致病性大肠杆菌", "B": "耶尔森氏菌", "C": "沙门氏菌", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "致病性大肠杆菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,67岁,1个月来反复呕吐、腹胀、腹痛。不能进食,肛门停止排气排便。体检:腹部膨隆,可见肠型,肠鸣音亢进,可闻及气过水声。辅助检查:血红蛋白120g/L,血浆清蛋白32g/L,血清钠134mmol/L,钾6.0mmol/L,动脉血pH值为7.20。该患者的典型心电图改变为(  )。", "options": {"A": "出现U波", "B": "高而尖的T波", "C": "T波双向", "D": "QT间期延长"}, "answer": "高而尖的T波", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "呼吸衰竭常见的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺泡通气不足", "B": "弥散功能障碍", "C": "通气血流比例失衡", "D": "肺结核"}, "answer": "通气血流比例失衡", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.符合代谢性酸中毒的检查结果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HCO3-降低,BE升高,pH值降低", "B": "HCO3-降低,BE降低,pH值降低", "C": "HCO3-升高,BE升高,pH值升高", "D": "HCO3-升高,BE升高,pH值降低"}, "answer": "HCO3-降低,BE降低,pH值降低", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某患者出现颈静脉怒张、肝肿大和双下肢水肿,最可能的心血管疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺水肿", "B": "右心衰竭", "C": "左心衰竭", "D": "高血压"}, "answer": "右心衰竭", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "属于假膜性炎的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠结核", "B": "阿米巴痢疾", "C": "急性细菌性痢疾", "D": "肠血吸虫病"}, "answer": "急性细菌性痢疾", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.体位性低血压恢复正常时,心率加快的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心交感神经冲动增多", "B": "交感缩血管纤维冲动增多", "C": "心迷走神经冲动增多", "D": "交感舒血管纤维冲动增多"}, "answer": "心交感神经冲动增多", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对动脉血压波动性变化较敏感的感受器位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈动脉窦", "B": "颈动脉体", "C": "主动脉弓", "D": "心肺感受器"}, "answer": "颈动脉窦", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "鉴别原发性与垂体性甲亢的主要根据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清TT3", "B": "血清TT4", "C": "血清FT3", "D": "血清TSH"}, "answer": "血清TSH", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "为西方医学道德奠基的代表作是(  )。", "options": {"A": "《迈蒙尼提斯祷文》", "B": "《希波克拉底誓言》", "C": "《日内瓦宣言》", "D": "《医德十二箴》"}, "answer": "《希波克拉底誓言》", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,10岁。因发热15天,皮肤出现红斑,并伴有膝关节游走性疼痛入院。辅助检查:ASO升高。治愈后,为防止复发,应至少肌内注射长效青霉素到(  )。", "options": {"A": "15岁", "B": "12岁", "C": "11岁", "D": "13岁"}, "answer": "15岁", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "营养性巨幼红细胞贫血的骨髓象,最有特征性的改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓增生活跃", "B": "各期幼红细胞均出现巨幼变", "C": "中性粒细胞胞浆空泡形成", "D": "晚幼及杆状核粒细胞巨幼变"}, "answer": "各期幼红细胞均出现巨幼变", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,19岁,在与同学争吵过程中突然晕倒,呼之不应,推之不动,四肢发硬,硬卧于床,双目紧闭,眼睑颤动,同学急抬入病房,询问家属,病人既往有类似发作史,神经系统检查未见阳性体征。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "焦虑症", "B": "人格障碍", "C": "抑郁症", "D": "分离性障碍"}, "answer": "分离性障碍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,34岁,右尺骨骨折2小时,予手法复位,管型石膏固定5小时后,患者感觉右手指麻木,肿胀,活动不灵,查体:生命体征平稳,心肺腹未见异常,目前最恰当的处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即手术", "B": "止痛", "C": "立即松解外固定", "D": "扩血管药物治疗"}, "answer": "立即松解外固定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列由于免疫因素引起中性粒细胞减少的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Felty综合征", "B": "周期性中性粒细胞减少症", "C": "假性粒细胞减少", "D": "脾功能亢进所致中性粒细胞减少"}, "answer": "Felty综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "6个月婴儿,女,发现表情呆滞2个月,易激惹,时有痉挛发作,每日约2~3次。体检:反应差,精神呆滞,头发黄褐色,皮肤白皙,尿有霉臭味,脑电图示较多棘慢波。3.其遗传方式为(  )。", "options": {"A": "常染色体隐性遗传", "B": "X连锁显性遗传", "C": "X连锁隐性遗传", "D": "X连锁不完全显性遗传"}, "answer": "常染色体隐性遗传", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,40岁,输血3min后即出现咳嗽、喘憋,神志不清,呼吸困难,血压80/40mmHg(10.7/5.33kPa)。1.拟诊为(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热反应", "B": "过敏反应", "C": "变态反应", "D": "以上均不是"}, "answer": "过敏反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于躯体疾病所致精神障碍的治疗中,最首要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "治疗原发的躯体疾病,停用可能引起精神障碍的药物", "B": "补充营养、维生素和水分", "C": "控制精神症状", "D": "宁静与安全的环境,恰当的护理"}, "answer": "治疗原发的躯体疾病,停用可能引起精神障碍的药物", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项糖尿病性血管病变,最具有特征性?(  )", "options": {"A": "常伴冠状动脉粥样硬化", "B": "微血管病变", "C": "周围动脉硬化-下肢坏疽", "D": "脑血管病变"}, "answer": "微血管病变", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,27岁。产后第4天,出现寒战、高热、腰痛,尿白细胞30个/HP,尿蛋白(+),并尿痛,下腹痛,肾区叩击痛,耻骨上压痛(+),血象WBC 18×109/L3.治疗症状不缓解多长时间应考虑更换抗生素?(  )", "options": {"A": "72小时内无效可换药", "B": "36小时内无效可换药", "C": "24小时内无效可换药", "D": "8小时内无效可换药"}, "answer": "72小时内无效可换药", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,33岁。因急性坏疽性阑尾炎行阑尾切除,术后第10天出现发热,体温39.2℃,腹胀、恶心,肛门有下坠感,里急后重,曾排便4次,为黏液样便。1.此时首先应选用的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大便培养", "B": "腹部X线平片", "C": "血常规", "D": "直肠指诊"}, "answer": "直肠指诊", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于肾小管对HCO3-重吸收,下述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "以CO2的形式吸收", "B": "以HCO3-的形式吸收", "C": "滞后于Cl-吸收", "D": "不依赖于H+的分泌"}, "answer": "以CO2的形式吸收", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.属于呼吸链中递双氢体的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "NADH", "B": "NADPH", "C": "Cytb", "D": "泛醌"}, "answer": "泛醌", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "胫骨平台及腓骨上端骨折,出现足背伸外翻无力,小腿外侧感觉消失。提示受损的神经是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胫神经", "B": "股神经", "C": "坐骨神经", "D": "腓总神经"}, "answer": "腓总神经", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "介导ADCC的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD3", "B": "IgG", "C": "IL-4", "D": "CD4"}, "answer": "IgG", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "朊病毒的化学本质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "核酸、蛋白质、糖脂", "B": "活性蛋白质", "C": "糖蛋白", "D": "核酸"}, "answer": "活性蛋白质", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "45岁,女性,确诊为混合型颈椎病3年,未予积极治疗,左肩关节活动时疼痛剧烈,不能梳头,左肩外展、后伸、外旋严重受限,三角肌萎缩,冈上肌、肱二头肌长短头肌腱及肩关节外侧均有明显压痛。肩痛的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肩部肿瘤", "B": "肩周炎", "C": "肩关节结核", "D": "风湿性关节炎"}, "answer": "肩周炎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.5岁前有自然闭合可能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膜部室间隔缺损", "B": "动脉导管未闭", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "艾森曼格综合征"}, "answer": "膜部室间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4个月婴儿,突然喘憋,呼气延长,体温不高,X线片示肺气肿,该病最可能的病原是:(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎双球菌", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "C": "支原体", "D": "呼吸道合胞病毒"}, "answer": "呼吸道合胞病毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于H+对呼吸的调节,下列叙述中哪一项是错误的(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉血中H+浓度降低,可使呼吸加深加快", "B": "血液中H+很易通过血脑屏障刺激中枢化学感受器", "C": "中枢化学感受器对H+的敏感性高于外周化学感受器", "D": "血液中CO2主要是通过改变脑脊液H+而兴奋呼吸的"}, "answer": "血液中H+很易通过血脑屏障刺激中枢化学感受器", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "足月新生儿,因宫内窘迫产钳助产,羊水Ⅱ度污染,出后不久出现呼吸困难,口周发绀,三凹征(+),肺呼吸音粗糙,心腹(-),四肢肌张力正常,拥抱反射、握持反射存在。2.哪项是紧急处理措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "做血气分析", "B": "做头颅CT检查", "C": "拍摄胸部正位片", "D": "给于氧气吸入"}, "answer": "给于氧气吸入", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.自律性最高的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "窦房结", "B": "心房肌", "C": "房室交界", "D": "浦肯野纤维"}, "answer": "窦房结", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男孩,1岁。发热伴咳嗽3天,食欲差,偶有呕吐,嗜睡,抽搐2次,双肺可闻及中细湿啰音,心率110次/分,呼吸56次/分,肝肋下1cm,白细胞4×109/L。1.目前患者的主要诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性支气管肺炎", "B": "急性左心衰", "C": "过敏性肺炎", "D": "支气管异物"}, "answer": "急性支气管肺炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.血站违反有关操作规程和制度采集血液,视情节应承担有关的(  )。", "options": {"A": "民事责任、行政责任、刑事责任", "B": "刑事责任", "C": "民事责任", "D": "行政责任"}, "answer": "民事责任、行政责任、刑事责任", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,1岁,男性,因长期腹泻引起营养性缺铁性贫血,近1个月来患支气管肺炎。Hb 40g/L,RBC 2.5×1012/L。应首先采用哪一项措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "肌内注射右旋糖酐铁", "B": "硫酸亚铁口服", "C": "增加富含铁质的饮食", "D": "输血"}, "answer": "输血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2岁女孩,身体瘦弱,多次患肺炎。胸部X线检查:肺血多,左心房、左心室增大,主动脉影增宽。应该诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "动脉导管未闭", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "艾森曼格综合征"}, "answer": "动脉导管未闭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.新生儿败血症并发弥漫性血管内凝血表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "面色苍灰、皮肤发花、血压下降、少尿或无尿等", "B": "皮肤黏膜淤点淤斑、针眼渗血不止、消化道出血、肺出血等", "C": "腹胀、呕吐、肠鸣音减弱等", "D": "惊厥、昏迷、前囟紧张等"}, "answer": "皮肤黏膜淤点淤斑、针眼渗血不止、消化道出血、肺出血等", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某男,60岁,慢性起病,病程3个月,腹痛,腹泻数次,伴里急后重,为黏液脓血便,消瘦明显,被诊断为菌痢,尚需鉴别的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结肠癌", "B": "病毒性肠炎", "C": "霍乱", "D": "血吸虫病"}, "answer": "结肠癌", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心理咨询的对象大多数是(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神病人", "B": "躯体疾病患者", "C": "人格障碍者", "D": "心理困难的正常人"}, "answer": "心理困难的正常人", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,脑损伤后6小时,意识清、头痛,下述不可取的处理原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "意识清,故回家观察", "B": "做头颅CT检查", "C": "对症处置", "D": "向家属交待有迟发性颅内血肿可能"}, "answer": "意识清,故回家观察", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.金黄色葡萄球菌性肺炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部X线片肺野有大片或小片状阴影或融合成大病灶", "B": "阻塞性肺气肿和支气管周围炎的阴影", "C": "大片状或小片状浸润影易形成脓肿和肺大泡", "D": "游走性浸润阴影"}, "answer": "大片状或小片状浸润影易形成脓肿和肺大泡", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.乳癌(  )。", "options": {"A": "周期性疼痛", "B": "肿块边界清楚、活动、增大缓慢", "C": "肿块巨大、活动,淋巴结不大,有肺部转移", "D": "肿块固定,腋窝淋巴结肿大"}, "answer": "肿块固定,腋窝淋巴结肿大", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.长期口服可引起凝血障碍的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿司匹林", "B": "对乙酰氨基酚", "C": "布洛芬", "D": "保泰松"}, "answer": "阿司匹林", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "深Ⅱ度烧伤创面处理不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1:2000氯己定清洗创面,去除异物", "B": "油质纱布包扎创面", "C": "面部创面不包扎", "D": "创面使用抗生素预防全身感染"}, "answer": "创面使用抗生素预防全身感染", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "目前治疗日本血吸虫病最常用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呋喃丙胺", "B": "血防846", "C": "吡喹酮", "D": "戊脘脒"}, "answer": "吡喹酮", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.脱水(  )。", "options": {"A": "体重减低,眼窝及前囟凹陷", "B": "呼吸深大,口唇樱桃红", "C": "心音低钝,四肢肌张力低下", "D": "惊厥或手足搐搦"}, "answer": "体重减低,眼窝及前囟凹陷", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "单侧隐睾手术治疗应在(  )。", "options": {"A": "2岁以前", "B": "7~10岁", "C": "成年后", "D": "婚后影响生育时"}, "answer": "2岁以前", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性乳腺炎的首发症状常为(  )。", "options": {"A": "患侧乳房局部硬结", "B": "体温升高", "C": "乳房肿胀疼痛", "D": "患侧腋窝有肿大淋巴结"}, "answer": "乳房肿胀疼痛", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "真正结缔组织病包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "SLE、RA、进行性全身性硬皮病(PSS)、多发性肌炎(PM)、结节性多动脉炎(PN)", "B": "SLE、RA、贝切特综合征、干燥综合征", "C": "SLE、RA、PSS、混合性结缔组织病(MCTD)", "D": "SLE、RA、PSS"}, "answer": "SLE、RA、进行性全身性硬皮病(PSS)、多发性肌炎(PM)、结节性多动脉炎(PN)", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "被甲类传染病病原体污染的污水、污物、粪便,有关单位必须按照下列规定进行处理(  )。", "options": {"A": "在卫生防疫机构的指导监督下进行严密消毒后处理", "B": "由卫生防疫机构进行消毒后处理", "C": "在卫生防疫机构的指导下进行消毒后处理", "D": "在卫生防疫机构的指导监督下进行消毒后处理"}, "answer": "在卫生防疫机构的指导监督下进行严密消毒后处理", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,36岁,3个月前因腹痛、腹泻脓血便,诊断为急性细菌性痢疾,经治疗好转。但其后大便经常不正常,吃生冷食物及劳累后大便次数增多,4~6次/日,不成形,有黏液,伴阵发性腹痛及里急后重,粪便镜检每高倍镜视野白细胞20~30个,红细胞l0~15个。1.诊断首先考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性细菌性痢疾", "B": "非特异性溃疡性结肠炎", "C": "肠结核", "D": "结肠癌"}, "answer": "慢性细菌性痢疾", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者女性,45岁,因巨大结节性甲状腺肿于颈丛麻醉下行一侧甲状腺全切、另一侧甲状腺大部切除术,术后第2天突然发生窒息,面肌和手足持续性痉挛。1.此时应立即(  )。", "options": {"A": "拆除颈部切口缝线,检查有否积血", "B": "检查引流管通畅与否", "C": "立即静脉注射:10%氯化钙20ml", "D": "立即喉镜检查"}, "answer": "立即静脉注射:10%氯化钙20ml", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项可引起男子乳房女性化和妇女多毛症?(  )", "options": {"A": "螺内酯", "B": "甘露醇", "C": "糖皮质激素", "D": "氢氯噻嗪"}, "answer": "螺内酯", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,54岁。发热、胸痛伴心包摩擦音,曾用非激素类抗炎药。3周后呼吸困难加重,心率110次/分,律齐,心音遥远,血压90/70mmHg,肝大,下肢水肿。5.第一次心包穿刺抽液总量不宜超过(  )。", "options": {"A": "20mL", "B": "75mL", "C": "150mL", "D": "200mL"}, "answer": "200mL", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "腹腔镜胆囊切除优于开腹胆囊切除的描述不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "住院时间短", "B": "术后疼痛轻", "C": "腹壁创伤的并发症少", "D": "胆道损伤的风险性小"}, "answer": "胆道损伤的风险性小", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "典型的苯丙酮尿症是固肝脏缺乏(  )。", "options": {"A": "谷氨酸羟化酶", "B": "苯丙氨酸羟化酶", "C": "二氢生物蝶呤还原酶", "D": "羟苯丙酮酸氧化酶"}, "answer": "苯丙氨酸羟化酶", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "引起单纯性甲状腺肿的最主要的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺素分泌增加", "B": "甲状腺素需要量增高", "C": "甲状腺原料(碘)缺乏", "D": "长期服用甲状腺药物"}, "answer": "甲状腺原料(碘)缺乏", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "人既有情绪又有情感,是因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "人既有生理需要又有社会需要", "B": "情绪是情感的外在表现", "C": "情绪冲动性大,情感少冲动", "D": "情感受到情绪的制约"}, "answer": "人既有生理需要又有社会需要", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.结合珠蛋白主要功用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "运输铜", "B": "能与细胞外血红蛋白结合", "C": "是丝氨酸蛋白酶的抑制剂", "D": "运输胆红素"}, "answer": "能与细胞外血红蛋白结合", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性脑内血肿的CT表现,下列哪项不符合?(  )", "options": {"A": "在脑挫裂伤灶附近", "B": "可在脑深部白质内", "C": "呈类圆形略低密度影", "D": "血肿周围有低密度水肿区"}, "answer": "呈类圆形略低密度影", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "30岁已婚女性,患宫颈炎多年,时轻时重,要求复诊并给予彻底治疗。检查宫颈中度糜烂、充血水肿,脓性白带。以下的诊断和处理哪项错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "应立即选用电灼、激光等物理治疗", "B": "应口服或阴道用药治疗后行物理治疗", "C": "宫颈炎与慢性宫颈炎可相互转化", "D": "宫颈炎与宫颈癌早期难区别,需做宫颈细胞学检查"}, "answer": "应立即选用电灼、激光等物理治疗", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.毛细支气管炎的病原体(  )。", "options": {"A": "柯萨奇A组病毒", "B": "腺病毒3.7型", "C": "人疱疹病毒6型", "D": "呼吸道合胞病毒"}, "answer": "呼吸道合胞病毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "新生儿血红蛋白130g/L可考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "正常新生儿", "B": "新生儿轻度贫血", "C": "新生儿中度贫血", "D": "新生儿极重度贫血"}, "answer": "新生儿轻度贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,25岁。间断上腹痛2年,加重1周,呕血5小时,胃镜检查见十二指肠球前壁溃疡,底部红色血栓并有少量活动出血。最适合的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "禁食", "B": "及早应用肾上腺糖皮质激素", "C": "应用质子泵抑制剂静脉滴注", "D": "及早应用奥曲肽静脉滴注"}, "answer": "应用质子泵抑制剂静脉滴注", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于Graves病非浸润性突眼的描述下列正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病变常与甲亢治疗好转无关", "B": "突眼是由于病变累及球后组织引起的", "C": "患者常有视力疲劳、异物感、怕光、流泪等表现", "D": "突眼一般<18mm"}, "answer": "突眼一般<18mm", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.低分子右旋糖酐(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑保护剂", "B": "抗凝治疗", "C": "溶栓治疗", "D": "血液稀释疗法"}, "answer": "血液稀释疗法", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,35岁。左上腹被拖拉机撞伤后钝痛l天,突发左上腹剧痛3小时。查体:P 140次/分,BP 60/45mmHg,面色苍白,四肢厥冷,上腹中部压痛、肌紧张,腹部叩诊移动性浊音(++++),腹腔穿刺抽出不凝固血液。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝破裂", "B": "结肠破裂", "C": "胃破裂", "D": "脾破裂"}, "answer": "脾破裂", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项为内囊受损感觉障碍的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "对侧单肢感觉减退或缺失", "B": "对侧偏身(包括面部)感觉减退或消失", "C": "对侧偏身(包括面部)感觉减退或消失,伴自发性疼痛", "D": "对侧偏身(包括面部)感觉减退或消失,伴感觉过度"}, "answer": "对侧偏身(包括面部)感觉减退或消失", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.外科术后最常见的不适是(  )。", "options": {"A": "疼痛", "B": "发热", "C": "腹胀", "D": "呃逆"}, "answer": "疼痛", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "窦房结P细胞动作电位O期去极的离子基础是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ca2+内流", "B": "Ca2+外流", "C": "K+内流", "D": "Na+内流"}, "answer": "Ca2+内流", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.高血压病肾小球细动脉管壁增厚狭窄为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脂质沉积", "B": "结缔组织玻璃样变", "C": "血管壁玻璃样变", "D": "细胞内玻璃样变"}, "answer": "血管壁玻璃样变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,30岁,发热l0天,高达39.6℃,伴头痛,无咳嗽,无呕吐、腹泻,曾按感冒治疗,无好转。查体:贫血貌,表情淡漠,脉搏64次/分,心肺未见异常,肝肋下未及,脾肋下刚触及。血白细胞计数3.2×109/L,中性粒细胞0.67,淋巴细胞0.33,胸片未见异常。2.对上述病例,首选治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素", "B": "利福平", "C": "喹诺酮类药物", "D": "头孢菌素类药物"}, "answer": "喹诺酮类药物", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,10岁,发热10天,体温38~39℃,刺激性咳嗽明显,胸痛。查体:双肺散在于鸣音;胸片:左肺下野淡薄片状阴影。4.治疗的疗程是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体温正常后停药", "B": "1周", "C": "2~3周", "D": "4~6周"}, "answer": "2~3周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "《医疗事故处理条例》规定,残疾生活补助费应根据伤残等级,自定残之月起最长赔偿(  )。", "options": {"A": "10年", "B": "15年", "C": "20年", "D": "30年"}, "answer": "30年", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.供体菌裂解游离的DNA片段被受体菌直接摄取,使受体菌获得新的性状(  )。", "options": {"A": "转化", "B": "转导", "C": "溶源性转换", "D": "原生质体融合"}, "answer": "转化", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "主要用于控制疟疾症状的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯喹", "B": "乙胺嘧啶", "C": "甲氟喹", "D": "甲氧苄啶(TMP)"}, "answer": "氯喹", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "HIV最易发生变异的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "核衣壳", "B": "衣壳", "C": "棘突糖蛋白", "D": "包膜"}, "answer": "棘突糖蛋白", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.甲状腺球蛋白(  )。", "options": {"A": "自身抗原", "B": "异种抗原", "C": "肿瘤相关抗原", "D": "肿瘤特异性抗原"}, "answer": "自身抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "糖尿病代谢紊乱的中心环节是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胰岛素拮抗激素分泌增加", "B": "胰岛素生物作用绝对和相对不足", "C": "脂肪分解增强,酮体产生多", "D": "葡萄糖的氧化利用差"}, "answer": "胰岛素生物作用绝对和相对不足", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "静脉血栓合并肺栓塞的栓子通常来源于(  )。", "options": {"A": "下肢和骨盆深静脉", "B": "心脏附壁血栓", "C": "上肢静脉", "D": "动脉粥样斑块脱落"}, "answer": "下肢和骨盆深静脉", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对医学伦理学不伤害原则的准确理解是对病人(  )。", "options": {"A": "避免责任伤害", "B": "避免躯体伤害", "C": "避免心理伤害", "D": "避免上述任何伤害"}, "answer": "避免上述任何伤害", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列表现属于宫颈癌Ⅱ期的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癌局限在宫颈内", "B": "癌超出宫颈,未及盆壁,侵及阴道上2/3", "C": "癌侵及盆腔壁及阴道下1/3", "D": "癌超越骨盆,或累及直肠、膀胱"}, "answer": "癌超出宫颈,未及盆壁,侵及阴道上2/3", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.支配骨骼肌躯体运动神经释放的递质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "去甲肾上腺素", "B": "多巴胺", "C": "γ-氨基丁酸", "D": "乙酰胆碱"}, "answer": "乙酰胆碱", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,30岁。活动后心悸气急3个月。检查发现肝大、质地中等、表面平滑、有压痛,腹部移动性浊音阳性,下肢压陷性水肿。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝硬化腹水", "B": "肺癌晚期", "C": "肾病综合征伴腹水", "D": "右心衰竭、肝淤血伴腹水"}, "answer": "右心衰竭、肝淤血伴腹水", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.缺铁性贫血(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清铁增高,总铁结合力正常,血清铁蛋白正常或增高", "B": "血清铁降低,总铁结合力增高,血清铁蛋白降低", "C": "血清铁降低,总铁结合力降低,血清铁蛋白降低", "D": "血清铁增高,总铁结合力降低,血清铁蛋白降低"}, "answer": "血清铁降低,总铁结合力增高,血清铁蛋白降低", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,36岁。诊断为抑郁症,服用帕罗西汀40mg/d治疗6个月,症状完全缓解4个月,2天前患者自行停药,目前出现头晕、恶心、坐立不安、站立不稳。最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "恶性综合征", "B": "原有抑郁症症状复发", "C": "5-HT综合征", "D": "帕罗西汀停药反应"}, "answer": "帕罗西汀停药反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "麻疹病程中常见以下哪种维生素的缺乏?(  )", "options": {"A": "维生素A", "B": "维生素B", "C": "维生素C", "D": "维生素D"}, "answer": "维生素A", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.口服抗原获得局部粘膜免疫,却导致全身性免疫耐受的状态称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "克隆消除", "B": "克隆无能", "C": "免疫忽视", "D": "耐受分离"}, "answer": "耐受分离", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "最常见的偏头痛为(  )。", "options": {"A": "典型偏头痛", "B": "普通型偏头痛", "C": "特殊型偏头痛", "D": "血管性头痛"}, "answer": "普通型偏头痛", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "《医疗机构管理条例》的适用范围不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "医疗机构", "B": "妇幼保健机构", "C": "医学科研教学机构", "D": "美容美发服务机构"}, "answer": "美容美发服务机构", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性乳腺炎形成脓肿后行切开引流时,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "切口应引流通畅", "B": "脓肿较大时可作对口引流", "C": "不要分离脓肿隔膜,以防炎症扩散", "D": "乳房后脓肿可做乳房下缘弧形切口"}, "answer": "不要分离脓肿隔膜,以防炎症扩散", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,47岁,于每日清晨醒来时自觉心前区不适,胸骨后阵发性闷痛来医院就诊。查心电图无明显异常。拟考虑用抗心绞痛药治疗,请问下述何种药物不宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "硝酸甘油", "B": "硝酸异山梨酯", "C": "普萘洛尔", "D": "维拉帕米"}, "answer": "普萘洛尔", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医生甲在为一孕妇检查高血压原因时,怀疑胎儿可能有先天缺陷。患者的高血压缓解后再没有就诊。该患者后生育一畸形儿。医生在怀疑有先天缺陷时(  )。", "options": {"A": "患者有要求时给诊察", "B": "可以不诊察", "C": "应当进行产前诊断", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "应当进行产前诊断", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "长期大量服用糖皮质激素可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋巴细胞数目增加", "B": "血中ACTH浓度升高", "C": "肾上腺皮质增生", "D": "肾上腺皮质萎缩"}, "answer": "肾上腺皮质萎缩", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "导致手术后腹胀的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌代谢产生的气体", "B": "血液内的气体弥散至肠腔内", "C": "肠蠕动受抑制", "D": "腹部切口疼痛"}, "answer": "肠蠕动受抑制", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,36岁。突然寒战高热,腰痛并有尿急、尿痛1周,既往无类似病史。查体:体温39.4℃,右侧肾区叩击痛阳性,尿蛋白(+),白细胞20~30/HP,白细胞管型0~2个/低倍视野,比重1.022。3.为了确定诊断还需要做的最主要检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血β2微球蛋白", "B": "尿β2微球蛋白", "C": "尿细菌培养", "D": "血肌酐"}, "answer": "尿细菌培养", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩,3岁。右侧阴囊内肿块,光滑、有波动感,右侧睾丸未触及。卧位时肿块不消失。首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "精索鞘膜积液", "B": "隐睾", "C": "睾丸鞘膜积液", "D": "交通性鞘膜积液"}, "answer": "睾丸鞘膜积液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.胆红素在血液内运输的形式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硫酸胆红素", "B": "胆红素-清蛋白", "C": "胆红素-配体蛋白", "D": "胆红素葡萄糖醛酸酯"}, "answer": "胆红素-清蛋白", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "产生错觉的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "环境因素", "B": "心理因素", "C": "个体因素", "D": "以上均是"}, "answer": "以上均是", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,1.5岁,因发热2天后右下肢不能站立而就诊。追问病史,既往未接种各种疫苗。查体:体温37.6℃,神志清,咽红,心肺正常,腹软,右下肢肌力I级,膝反射未引出。住院后诊断为脊髓灰质炎。1.脊髓灰质炎临床典型经过是(  )。", "options": {"A": "潜伏期,前驱期,瘫痪期,恢复期,后遗症期", "B": "潜伏期,前驱期,瘫痪前期,瘫痪期,恢复期", "C": "前驱期,瘫痪前期,瘫痪期,恢复期,后遗症期", "D": "潜伏期,前驱期,瘫痪前期,瘫痪期,恢复期,后遗症期"}, "answer": "潜伏期,前驱期,瘫痪前期,瘫痪期,恢复期,后遗症期", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某医院的医护人员工作疏忽造成患者重度残疾,经鉴定机构认定为医疗事故,则下列费用中哪项不属于该医院应该承担的?(  )", "options": {"A": "医疗事故的鉴定费", "B": "患者为此支出的律师咨询费", "C": "误工费", "D": "残疾生活补助费"}, "answer": "患者为此支出的律师咨询费", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,男,4岁,身高90cm,体重11kg,皮肤较松弛,腹部皮下脂肪约0.3cm,该患儿的营养状况属(  )。", "options": {"A": "正常", "B": "轻度营养不良", "C": "中度营养不良", "D": "极重度营养不良"}, "answer": "中度营养不良", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "DNA的三级结构是(  )。", "options": {"A": "双螺旋结构", "B": "无规则卷曲", "C": "超螺旋", "D": "β卷曲"}, "answer": "超螺旋", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肠外营养发生导管脓毒症时,应立即采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使用大剂量抗生素抗感染", "B": "拔除导管并做细菌培养", "C": "退热、镇静、对症处理", "D": "局部换药"}, "answer": "拔除导管并做细菌培养", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,60岁,发热4天,37.5℃左右,伴左路踏拇趾痛。检查:血压114/70mmHg,左拇趾甲沟部红肿。血白细胞计数为10×109/L,中性粒细胞为82%。1.初步诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左拇趾甲沟炎", "B": "左侧小腿丹毒", "C": "左小腿蜂窝织炎", "D": "感染性休克"}, "answer": "左拇趾甲沟炎", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肺炎患儿,病室适宜的温度、相对湿度要求(  )。", "options": {"A": "15~18℃,40%", "B": "18~20℃,60%", "C": "20~22℃,70%", "D": "22~24℃,80%"}, "answer": "18~20℃,60%", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "易患强直性脊柱炎的患者通常具有(  )。", "options": {"A": "HLA-DR2", "B": "HLA-DR3", "C": "HLA-DR4", "D": "HLA-B27"}, "answer": "HLA-B27", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,36岁,确诊肾病综合征,血白蛋白15g/L。近两日感右侧腰部隐痛,尿色偏深,无明显尿频、尿急、尿痛。尿常规:RBC 20~40/HP,WBC 0~2/HP,B超:双肾、输尿管未见异常。应首先考虑的合并症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾盂肾炎", "B": "肾结核", "C": "肾静脉血栓形成", "D": "肾肿瘤"}, "answer": "肾静脉血栓形成", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,86岁。1年来日常活动时即感胸闷,4天前突发夜间阵发性呼吸困难,伴咳粉红泡沫痰。查体:血压100/70mmHg,心尖搏动呈抬举样,胸骨右缘第2肋间可闻及4/6级收缩期喷射样杂音,向颈部传导,双肺可闻及散在细湿啰音。1.对明确诊断最有帮助的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部CT", "B": "胸部X线片", "C": "超声心动图", "D": "冠状动脉造影"}, "answer": "超声心动图", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者男,29岁,右胫、腓骨闭合骨折后行手法复位石膏外固定24小时后,出现患肢持续性剧烈疼痛,进行性加重。3.下列哪种是本病首选的有效处理方法?(  )", "options": {"A": "改善微循环药物的应用", "B": "立即切开筋膜", "C": "立即行神经阻滞或给血管扩张剂,以改善血管痉挛", "D": "对症处理后继续观察"}, "answer": "立即切开筋膜", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "利用人工干预的方法加速不可救治病人的死亡过程属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动安乐死", "B": "故意伤害致死", "C": "自愿安乐死", "D": "非自愿安乐死"}, "answer": "主动安乐死", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "胃大部切除术后早期并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吻合口溃疡", "B": "胃排空延迟", "C": "碱性反流性胃炎", "D": "残胃癌"}, "answer": "胃排空延迟", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者虽已住院,但仍坚持工作,并要求提前出院。这种患者角色转变的类型为(  )。", "options": {"A": "角色行为强化", "B": "角色行为冲突", "C": "角色行为减退", "D": "角色行为缺如"}, "answer": "角色行为减退", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,60岁,右髋部疼痛2年余,加重伴跛行1个月,既往有“慢性肾炎史”,长期口服“激素”治疗。体检:右髋关节“4”字试验阳性。2.初步诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "强直性脊柱炎合并髋关节强直", "B": "髋关节化脓性关节炎", "C": "右股骨头缺血性坏死", "D": "右髋关节创伤性滑膜炎"}, "answer": "右股骨头缺血性坏死", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于患者享有平等医疗权利的表述中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对所有患者都应一视同仁", "B": "公民享有生命健康权", "C": "患者的需求应得到完全满足", "D": "应满足患者的合理需求"}, "answer": "患者的需求应得到完全满足", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.消化性溃疡底部与周围器官粘连属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "上腹部有规律性疼痛", "B": "幽门梗阻", "C": "大便隐血试验阳性", "D": "慢性穿孔"}, "answer": "慢性穿孔", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.心绞痛(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾动脉粥样硬化", "B": "四肢动脉粥样硬化", "C": "肠系膜动脉粥样硬化", "D": "冠状动脉粥样硬化"}, "answer": "冠状动脉粥样硬化", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,56岁,左颈淋巴结肿大,伴发热,检查提示弥漫性混合性细胞淋巴瘤,左腹股沟淋巴结2cm×2cm大小、无压痛,脾肋下2cm,骨髓淋巴瘤细胞12%,诊断属何期(  )。", "options": {"A": "ⅡA", "B": "ⅠB", "C": "ⅢB", "D": "ⅣB"}, "answer": "ⅣB", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "胸部第4~7肋骨容易被折断的主要解剖学原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "此处肋骨是胸部的显露位置", "B": "此处肋骨不是浮肋", "C": "缺少肌肉的保护", "D": "肋骨长而固定"}, "answer": "肋骨长而固定", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,45岁,左乳房外上象限4cm×3cm肿块,距乳头5cm,可推动,但是病人双手叉腰时肿块活动度明显受限,左腋窝未扪及肿大淋巴结。2.该病人若确诊为乳腺癌,手术方式应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺癌根治术", "B": "保留胸大、小肌的乳腺癌改良根治术", "C": "保留胸大肌,切除胸小肌的乳腺癌改良根治术", "D": "保留乳房的乳腺癌切除术"}, "answer": "乳腺癌根治术", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列情况中哪一项不是丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "RNA病毒感染", "B": "血行感染", "C": "肝功能损伤严重", "D": "易引起肝纤维化和肝硬变"}, "answer": "肝功能损伤严重", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "与梗阻性化脓性胆管炎实验室检查结果不符合的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "碱性磷酸酶升高", "B": "尿胆红素阳性", "C": "尿胆原升高", "D": "血清结合胆红素升高"}, "answer": "尿胆原升高", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "格林一巴利综合征的病因可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒感染脊髓", "B": "病毒感染周围神经", "C": "脊髓的自身免疫性炎症", "D": "周围神经自身免疫性炎症"}, "answer": "周围神经自身免疫性炎症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一患者,某日突然出现阵发性抽搐,表现意识丧失,眼球上窜,瞳孔散大,口唇青紫,全身抽搐,有舌咬伤,尿失禁,持续约3分钟。发作后入睡,意识清醒后对上述情况不能回忆。初步考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "杰克逊(Jackson)癫痫", "B": "癔病痉挛发作", "C": "癫痫全面—强直阵挛发作", "D": "震颤麻痹"}, "answer": "癫痫全面—强直阵挛发作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "符合小儿腹泻病的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "食饵性腹泻", "B": "致病性大肠杆菌感染致腹泻", "C": "多为轮状病毒感染致秋季腹泻", "D": "多病原、多因素引起的大便次数增多和性状改变"}, "answer": "多病原、多因素引起的大便次数增多和性状改变", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.口服抗原获得局部粘膜免疫,却导致全身性免疫耐受的状态称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "克隆消除", "B": "免疫忽视", "C": "耐受分离", "D": "高带耐受"}, "answer": "耐受分离", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肱骨外上僻炎的体征主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Lasegue阳性", "B": "Mills阳性", "C": "Finkelstein阳性", "D": "Dugas阳性"}, "answer": "Mills阳性", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "抑郁发作的生物性症状中,典型的日间病情规律是(  )。", "options": {"A": "昼轻夜重", "B": "晨重夜轻", "C": "中午起逐渐加重", "D": "中午最严重以后减轻"}, "answer": "晨重夜轻", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肉毒毒素的作用部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经肌肉接头处", "B": "脊髓后角感觉细胞", "C": "三叉神经节", "D": "迷走神经节"}, "answer": "神经肌肉接头处", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "竞争性抑制剂与酶结合的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "活性中心底物结合基团", "B": "调节亚基", "C": "变构基团", "D": "活性中心催化基团"}, "answer": "活性中心催化基团", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性血源性骨髓炎早期局部穿刺的正确方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一次穿入骨髓腔", "B": "逐层穿刺", "C": "不可穿入骨髓内", "D": "仅刺入软组织即可"}, "answer": "逐层穿刺", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "孕妇34岁,G3P0,妊娠33周。阴道少量出血3天,无腹痛,曾自然流产,过期流产各1次。入院检查:枕左前位,胎头浮,胎心好,耻骨联合上方可闻及胎盘杂音。3.此时,最恰当的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卧床休息吸氧", "B": "期待疗法", "C": "确诊后即行人工破膜", "D": "静脉滴注缩宫素"}, "answer": "期待疗法", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,31岁。甲状腺次全切除术后6小时,觉憋气,烦躁,迅速加重。查体:P 110次/分,BP 120/90mmHg,神志清楚,颈部肿胀,口唇发绀,无声音嘶哑。呼吸急促,双肺呼吸音粗,未闻及啰音。此时应给予的紧急处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即面罩高流量吸氧", "B": "开放伤口,据情况行气管切开", "C": "保持引流管通畅", "D": "半坐位,充分吸痰"}, "answer": "开放伤口,据情况行气管切开", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "向一孤僻、忧郁、被动的病人讲明,每当能主动接触人、与人亲切交谈时,就给他几枚代币,他可用代币换取他所喜爱的物品。经过一段时间,病人原有症状逐渐消失。这种疗法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "条件操作法", "B": "模仿疗法", "C": "系统脱敏疗法", "D": "厌恶疗法"}, "answer": "条件操作法", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "准备给一位60岁男性病人实施胃癌手术,下列各项中最危险的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "偶发早搏", "B": "完全性右束支传导阻滞", "C": "中度贫血", "D": "5个月前心肌梗死史"}, "answer": "5个月前心肌梗死史", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "炎症的基本病理变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "变性,坏死,增生", "B": "萎缩,渗出,增生", "C": "萎缩,变性,坏死", "D": "变质,渗出,增生"}, "answer": "变质,渗出,增生", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿肾功能达成人水平的年龄为(  )。", "options": {"A": "1.5~2岁", "B": "1~1.5岁", "C": "0.5~1岁", "D": "2~2.5岁"}, "answer": "1~1.5岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是抗甲状腺药停药的关键指征?(  )", "options": {"A": "TSH正常", "B": "T3、T4正常,TRAb明显下降或转阴", "C": "T3、T4正常", "D": "临床甲亢表现消失"}, "answer": "T3、T4正常,TRAb明显下降或转阴", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.1个月新生儿每日所需8%的糖牛奶量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "700ml", "B": "660ml", "C": "500ml", "D": "300ml"}, "answer": "300ml", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "丘脑的特异投射系统的主要作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维持觉醒", "B": "调节内脏功能", "C": "引起特定的感觉", "D": "引起牵涉痛"}, "answer": "引起特定的感觉", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "初产妇活跃期停滞是指进入活跃期后,宫颈口不再扩张超过(  )。", "options": {"A": "1小时", "B": "2小时", "C": "2.5小时", "D": "3小时"}, "answer": "2小时", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "接种牛痘、麻疹等减毒活疫苗后,可使接种者发生全身感染甚至死亡的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B细胞缺陷", "B": "T细胞缺陷", "C": "吞噬细胞缺陷", "D": "补体受体缺陷"}, "answer": "T细胞缺陷", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪项是衣原体的感染型?(  )", "options": {"A": "始体", "B": "原体", "C": "内基氏小体", "D": "核糖体"}, "answer": "原体", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列物质含量异常可作为痛风诊断指征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "嘧啶", "B": "氨基丁酸", "C": "尿酸", "D": "丙氨酸"}, "answer": "尿酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一病人患病3周,持续性高热,心动过缓,腹胀、腹泻,因中毒性休克死亡。尸检见弥漫性腹膜炎,回肠淋巴结肿大,坏死和溃疡形成,肝脾肿大。应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性坏死性肠炎", "B": "阿米巴痢疾", "C": "肠结核", "D": "肠伤寒"}, "answer": "肠伤寒", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在我国,目前慢性肾衰最常见的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖尿病肾病", "B": "遗传性肾病", "C": "原发性肾小球肾炎", "D": "慢性肾盂肾炎"}, "answer": "原发性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,64岁,诊断为急性心肌梗死入院。住院第3天患者突然呼吸困难,口唇青紫,神志不清,四肢抽搐,听诊心音消失,颈动脉搏动消失。此时首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即作心电图,了解是否停搏或室颤", "B": "安置心脏起掉器", "C": "胸外心脏按压及人工呼吸", "D": "心内注射肾上腺素"}, "answer": "胸外心脏按压及人工呼吸", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "手术区皮肤消毒的范围距手术切口距离最少为(  )。", "options": {"A": "10cm", "B": "15cm", "C": "20cm", "D": "30cm"}, "answer": "15cm", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "儿童患流行性腮腺炎常见的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑膜炎", "B": "肝炎", "C": "肾炎", "D": "睾丸炎或卵巢炎"}, "answer": "睾丸炎或卵巢炎", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "最易引起房室传导阻滞的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "前壁心肌梗死", "B": "下壁心肌梗死", "C": "后壁心肌梗死", "D": "上壁心肌梗死"}, "answer": "下壁心肌梗死", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "发现早期直肠癌最有意义的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直肠镜", "B": "钡灌肠", "C": "B超", "D": "大便潜血检查"}, "answer": "直肠镜", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,56岁,近半年工作压力大,经常出现差错,刚做过的事就记不起来,性格变得古怪,喜怒无常,有时情绪低落。一次喝了50ml啤酒后,找不到家而露宿街头。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "酒精所致遗忘综合征", "B": "躁狂发作", "C": "阿尔茨海默病", "D": "抑郁发作"}, "answer": "阿尔茨海默病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "维持阴道正常酸性环境的主要菌群是(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄球菌", "B": "肠球菌", "C": "大肠埃希菌", "D": "乳杆菌"}, "answer": "乳杆菌", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.特异性细胞毒(  )。", "options": {"A": "B细胞", "B": "肥大细胞", "C": "细胞毒性T淋巴细胞", "D": "浆细胞"}, "answer": "细胞毒性T淋巴细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "吗啡的镇痛作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制外周PG的合成", "B": "阻断中枢的阿片受体", "C": "激动脑室及导水管周围灰质等部位的阿片受体", "D": "减少致痛因子的产生"}, "answer": "激动脑室及导水管周围灰质等部位的阿片受体", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "非霍奇金淋巴瘤的病理类型中,属于中度恶性的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "滤泡性小裂细胞型", "B": "小无裂细胞型", "C": "弥漫性小裂细胞型", "D": "免疫母细胞型"}, "answer": "弥漫性小裂细胞型", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "能使伤寒不断传播或流行的传染源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "潜伏期末的病人", "B": "恢复期带菌者", "C": "缓解期带菌者", "D": "慢性带菌者"}, "answer": "慢性带菌者", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女孩,12岁,经常患感冒和肺炎。查体:心前区隆起,无震颤,胸骨左缘第2肋间可闻及2级喷射性杂音,P2>A2伴有固定分裂,心电显示电轴右偏,V1呈rsR'波形,14mm,2mm,P-R间期0.16秒。3.该患儿典型X线改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺动脉段突出,肺门血管影增粗,主动脉影缩小", "B": "肺野呈网状肺纹理", "C": "肺纹理减少,肺野清晰", "D": "肺动脉段突出,肺门血管影增粗,主动脉弓增大"}, "answer": "肺动脉段突出,肺门血管影增粗,主动脉影缩小", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "血浆各种脂蛋白,依它们所含胆固醇的量从多到少的排列顺序是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CM、VLDL、LDL、HDL", "B": "VLDL、CM、LDL、HDL", "C": "HDL、LDL、VLDL、CM", "D": "LDL、HDL、VLDL、CM"}, "answer": "LDL、HDL、VLDL、CM", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "免疫对机体(  )。", "options": {"A": "是有害的反应", "B": "是有益的反应", "C": "有益也有害的反应", "D": "正常情况下,对机体有益;在一定条件下,对机体有害"}, "answer": "正常情况下,对机体有益;在一定条件下,对机体有害", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "I型干扰素的生物学活性应除外下列哪项(  )。", "options": {"A": "激活单核吞噬细胞", "B": "抑制病毒的复制", "C": "促进IL-4的产生", "D": "促进CD8+CTL成熟"}, "answer": "促进IL-4的产生", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "室间隔缺损,动脉血氧饱和度降低是(  )。", "options": {"A": "合并主动脉瓣关闭不全", "B": "大型室间隔缺损", "C": "室间隔多个缺损", "D": "艾森曼格综合征"}, "answer": "艾森曼格综合征", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.上述哪项是副交感神经节细胞膜上的受体?(  )", "options": {"A": "α受体", "B": "β1受体", "C": "β2受体", "D": "N1受体"}, "answer": "N1受体", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "婴儿,腹泻3天,伴发热39℃(R),每日大便7~10次,稀水样,粪质少。患儿今烦躁、哭吵,面色红,口唇及舌干燥,欲饮。估计其为(  )。", "options": {"A": "高渗性脱水", "B": "低渗性脱水", "C": "等渗性脱水", "D": "接近休克状态"}, "answer": "高渗性脱水", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "初产妇,29,G2P0,现妊娠35周。既往孕24周,脊柱裂胎儿而行引产1次。此次妊娠早期经过顺利,妊娠32周时超声检查发现羊水过多,胎儿大于妊娠周数,未见明显畸形。孕妇体态肥胖,近期有多饮、多食、多尿症状。2.为明确诊断应首选的项目是(  )。", "options": {"A": "夫妇双方血型检查", "B": "血清病毒系列检查", "C": "口服葡萄糖耐量试验", "D": "抽取羊水行AFP检查"}, "answer": "口服葡萄糖耐量试验", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不属于人格投射类测验的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主题统觉测验", "B": "洛夏墨迹测验", "C": "霍兹曼墨迹测验", "D": "范畴测验"}, "answer": "范畴测验", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "鉴别水肿型和出血坏死型胰腺炎最有价值的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上腹剧痛,向左背腰部放射", "B": "发热", "C": "Cullen征", "D": "呕吐"}, "answer": "Cullen征", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对病因不明的疾病,描述性研究的主要目的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "因果诊断", "B": "确定病因", "C": "寻找病因的线索,提出病因假设", "D": "研究发病机制"}, "answer": "寻找病因的线索,提出病因假设", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "7岁女童,性格腼腆,近1个月来频繁出现夜间睡眠时哭喊,多在前半夜,并拍打被褥,神情恐惧,难以唤醒,约5min后安静重新入睡,次日不能回忆夜间发生之事。2.可行的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "少量地西泮", "B": "氯丙嗪", "C": "丁螺环酮", "D": "不需治疗"}, "answer": "少量地西泮", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项可引起先天性婴儿畸形?(  )", "options": {"A": "风疹病毒", "B": "EB病毒", "C": "狂犬病毒", "D": "麻疹病毒"}, "answer": "风疹病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "分离培养淋球菌,常用的培养基是(  )。", "options": {"A": "精制琼脂肉汤培养基", "B": "巧克力血琼脂平板", "C": "半固体培养基", "D": "麦芽糖肉汤"}, "answer": "巧克力血琼脂平板", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,14岁。右大腿深部巨大血管瘤,术后情况良好,伤口一期愈合。拆线后下床活动5分钟后,突然昏倒,抢救无效死亡。(  )。", "options": {"A": "心肌梗死", "B": "休克致死", "C": "肺动脉栓塞", "D": "脂肪栓塞"}, "answer": "肺动脉栓塞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于小儿化脓性脑膜炎的病因,以下错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "先天性免疫球蛋白缺陷", "B": "补体和备解素系统发育成熟", "C": "长期使用肾上腺皮质激素导致机体免疫功能低下", "D": "先天性或获得性神经与皮肤的解剖异常"}, "answer": "补体和备解素系统发育成熟", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.卵巢皮样囊肿(  )。", "options": {"A": "是最常见的卵巢良性肿瘤", "B": "有恶性程度的逆转倾向", "C": "CA125升高", "D": "HCG升高"}, "answer": "是最常见的卵巢良性肿瘤", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,26岁。平素月经规则,停经48天,阴道少量流血5天,偶有腹痛,检查宫颈口关闭,子宫大小与孕周相符。患者可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "难免流产", "B": "先兆流产", "C": "不全流产", "D": "完全流产"}, "answer": "先兆流产", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.空气中大量SO2污染产生的二次污染物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硝酸盐", "B": "酸雨", "C": "水体富营养化", "D": "甲基汞"}, "answer": "酸雨", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于病毒性肝炎的肝细胞基本病变的描述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "嗜酸性变", "B": "气球样变", "C": "脂肪变性", "D": "肝细胞再生"}, "answer": "脂肪变性", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "最有助于诊断室性心动过速的心电图特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "QRS波群呈束支传导阻滞图形", "B": "心室夺获", "C": "PR间期延长", "D": "QRS波群宽大畸形"}, "answer": "心室夺获", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.“想吃糖,又怕胖”,这种动机冲突是(  )。", "options": {"A": "双趋冲突", "B": "双避冲突", "C": "趋避冲突", "D": "双重趋避冲突"}, "answer": "趋避冲突", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "含有三个胚层组织成分的肿瘤称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胚胎瘤", "B": "畸胎瘤", "C": "错构瘤", "D": "癌肉瘤"}, "answer": "畸胎瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "左侧脑干病变出现的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左侧周围面瘫,右侧肢体中枢性瘫痪", "B": "右侧周围面瘫,右侧肢体中枢性瘫痪", "C": "右侧周围面瘫,左侧肢体中枢性瘫痪", "D": "全身中枢性瘫痪"}, "answer": "左侧周围面瘫,右侧肢体中枢性瘫痪", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列疾病中,最常表现为呼气性呼吸困难的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "气管异物", "B": "气胸", "C": "支气管哮喘", "D": "心力衰竭"}, "answer": "支气管哮喘", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "膜性肾小球肾炎的主要病理特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球系膜细胞和内皮细胞增生", "B": "肾小球基底膜弥漫性增厚并有钉突形成", "C": "肾小球硬化", "D": "肾小球无明显病变"}, "answer": "肾小球基底膜弥漫性增厚并有钉突形成", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "执行脑死亡标准的伦理意义除外(  )。", "options": {"A": "有利于科学地判断死亡", "B": "更体现了对生命的尊重", "C": "直接地达到开展器官移植的目的", "D": "客观上有利于节约卫生资源"}, "answer": "直接地达到开展器官移植的目的", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对甲型肝炎病毒的说法正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抵抗力弱,对脂溶剂敏感", "B": "能在体外组织细胞中培养", "C": "为双股DNA病毒", "D": "显性感染多见"}, "answer": "能在体外组织细胞中培养", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "县医疗机构发现该县发生重大食物中毒事件,应在几小时内向所在县级人民政府卫生行政部门报告?(  )", "options": {"A": "1小时", "B": "2小时", "C": "3小时", "D": "4小时"}, "answer": "2小时", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.最可能是乳腺癌的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳房红肿胀痛,内有触痛伴波动感的肿块", "B": "乳腺内有单发、光滑、活动度大的肿物", "C": "乳腺内有单发、质硬、活动度差的肿物", "D": "乳腺内有单发囊性结节"}, "answer": "乳腺内有单发、质硬、活动度差的肿物", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心理咨询的对象大多数是(  )。", "options": {"A": "躯体疾病患者", "B": "精神病人", "C": "人格障碍者", "D": "心理困难的正常人"}, "answer": "心理困难的正常人", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "产生IL-2的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B", "B": "T", "C": "Mφ", "D": "NK"}, "answer": "T", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于结核菌素试验,下列哪项是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "检出结核病", "B": "HIV感染后可呈强阳性,结核病越重越易呈阳性", "C": "检出结核分枝杆菌感染", "D": "人体对外来物质的非特异性反应"}, "answer": "检出结核分枝杆菌感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "成熟红细胞中能量的主要来源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖酵解", "B": "糖有氧氧化", "C": "糖异生作用", "D": "氨基酸分解代谢"}, "answer": "糖酵解", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "骨折X线检查的重要意义下列哪项不对?(  )", "options": {"A": "明确骨折的诊断", "B": "了解骨折类型及移位情况", "C": "了解骨折的发生机制", "D": "了解骨折的复位情况及有无再移位"}, "answer": "了解骨折的发生机制", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.组织细胞从胚胎期不成熟细胞到正常成熟细胞的生长发育过程(  )。", "options": {"A": "机化", "B": "分化", "C": "再生", "D": "增生"}, "answer": "分化", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗慢性失血(如内痔出血)所致的贫血应选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "枸橼酸铁胺", "B": "硫酸亚铁", "C": "叶酸", "D": "维生素B12"}, "answer": "硫酸亚铁", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.最容易发生损伤性骨化的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膝关节", "B": "肘关节", "C": "上臂", "D": "大腿"}, "answer": "肘关节", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述药物除一种外均可控制癫痫持续状态(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯丙嗪", "B": "苯巴比妥", "C": "苯妥英钠", "D": "地西泮"}, "answer": "氯丙嗪", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "氯丙嗪治疗精神分裂症最明显的副作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝损害", "B": "粒细胞减少", "C": "抗胆碱能作用", "D": "药源性抑郁"}, "answer": "抗胆碱能作用", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,2岁,低热、盗汗、乏力半个月余,头痛,间断抽搐5天。查体:精神委靡,颈强,克氏征阳性。胸片正常,OT试验(+++)。脑脊液:白细胞320×106/L,中性粒细胞占0.4,淋巴细胞占0.6,蛋白质(+)。诊断为结核性脑膜炎。1.该患儿强化治疗应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "异烟肼+利福平+乙胺丁醇+泼尼松", "B": "异烟肼+利福平+吡嗪酰胺+泼尼松", "C": "异烟肼+链霉素+吡嗪酰胺+泼尼松", "D": "异烟肼+利福平+链霉素+吡嗪酰胺+泼尼松"}, "answer": "异烟肼+利福平+链霉素+吡嗪酰胺+泼尼松", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "婴儿顽固性便秘,腹胀,呕吐,营养不良,首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄", "B": "胃食管反流病", "C": "胃扭转", "D": "先天性巨结肠"}, "answer": "先天性巨结肠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,40岁,因发热、便秘、食欲不振10天入院。查体:T 39.8℃,P 98次/分,肝大肋下1.0cm,软,脾肋下及边。血常规WBC 2.7×109/L,中性粒细胞52%,淋巴细胞44%,血清ALT 100U/L,肥达反应“O”1:160,“H”1:160。4.在治疗过程中以下哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "高压灌肠", "B": "缓泻药应用", "C": "禁用新斯的明", "D": "抗生素"}, "answer": "高压灌肠", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,30岁,工人。医生检查问:“你在想什么?”答:“详细讲就是细菌问题,细菌在我们的脑子里有些冲动力,空气不大新鲜,也不奇怪,冻死苍蝇。”该患者的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "思维云集", "B": "音联意联", "C": "强制性思维", "D": "思维破裂"}, "answer": "思维破裂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "“比奈—西蒙量表”属于一种(  )。", "options": {"A": "智力测验", "B": "人格测验", "C": "神经心理测验", "D": "评定量表"}, "answer": "智力测验", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,50岁。活动后胸闷1年,夜间阵发性呼吸困难4天。查体:BP 130/80mmHg,P2亢进,心尖部可闻及舒张期隆隆样杂音,余瓣膜区未闻及杂音。3.该患者突发心悸,伴胸闷、喘憋。查体:BP 70/40mmHg,心率160次/分,心律绝对不齐。首选的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉注射毛花苷C", "B": "静脉应用胺碘酮", "C": "非同步直流电复律", "D": "同步直流电复律"}, "answer": "同步直流电复律", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1岁女孩,腹泻3天,每日约20次。大便呈蛋花汤样,无脓血。体检:前囟、眼窝凹陷,皮肤弹性极差,四肢凉,脉搏细速。化验血清钠130mmol/L,CO2CP 10mmol/L,首先应给的液体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2:1等张含钠液20ml/kg扩容", "B": "2:2:1液20ml/kg扩容", "C": "5%葡萄糖120~150ml/kg", "D": "10%氯化钾10ml/kg"}, "answer": "2:1等张含钠液20ml/kg扩容", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "预后最好的乳腺癌病理类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯癌", "B": "导管内癌", "C": "黏液腺癌", "D": "髓样癌"}, "answer": "导管内癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "激活B细胞产生抗体的过程中依赖T细胞的辅助抗原称(  )。", "options": {"A": "完全抗原", "B": "半抗原", "C": "TI-Ag", "D": "TD-Ag"}, "answer": "TD-Ag", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,3岁,眼睑及双下肢明显浮肿,少尿1周。查体:精神状态尚好,眼睑浮肿,双下肢呈凹陷性水肿,血压90/60mmHg,心肺正常。尿常规:蛋白质(+++),红细胞0~3个/HP。血浆总蛋白45g/L,清蛋白22g/L。抗“O”正常,C3补体正常,胆固醇11.2mmol/L。2.该患儿病理类型最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "微小病变型", "B": "膜性肾病", "C": "局灶性节段性肾小球硬化", "D": "系膜增生性"}, "answer": "微小病变型", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "引起急性肾小球肾炎最常见的病原体为(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核分枝杆菌", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "C": "柯萨奇病毒", "D": "溶血性链球菌"}, "answer": "溶血性链球菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.有眼球震颤,眼球外展受限伴定向障碍(  )。", "options": {"A": "Wernick脑病", "B": "依赖综合征", "C": "脑震荡后综合征", "D": "Korsakoff综合征"}, "answer": "Wernick脑病", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,3岁,眼睑及双下肢明显水肿,少尿1周,体检:精神状态良好,眼睑水肿,双下肢呈凹陷性水肿,血压90/60mmHg,心脏正常,尿常规:蛋白(+++),红细胞0~3个/HP,血浆总蛋白45g/L,白蛋白22g/L,抗“O”正常,C3补体正常,胆固醇11.2mmol/L。1.该患儿诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾炎", "B": "单纯性肾病", "C": "肾炎性肾病", "D": "病毒性肾炎"}, "answer": "单纯性肾病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,65岁。寒战、高热1周,伴右上腹胀痛,无胆绞痛史。查体:体温39℃,脉搏100次/分,血压129/80mmHg。巩膜无黄染,右季肋部隆起,肝大、质中、触痛,上腹部肌紧张。血白细胞20×109/L,核左移,AFP阴性。首先应考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性化脓性胆囊炎", "B": "阿米巴性肝脓肿", "C": "急性细菌性肝脓肿", "D": "膈下脓肿"}, "answer": "急性细菌性肝脓肿", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某男,三年前患肝炎,现体检发现,颈胸部有蜘蛛痣,腹部膨隆,有移动性浊音,腹壁浅静脉曲张,出现“海蛇头”,清蛋白/球蛋白比例倒置,应该诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "寄生虫性肝硬化", "B": "门脉性肝硬化", "C": "色素性肝硬化", "D": "淤血性肝硬化"}, "answer": "门脉性肝硬化", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "导致老年前期痴呆最常见疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝豆状核变性", "B": "帕金森病", "C": "阿尔茨海默病", "D": "亨廷顿病"}, "answer": "阿尔茨海默病", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "恶性淋巴瘤最典型的临床表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "无痛性淋巴结肿大", "B": "肝脾肿大", "C": "发热", "D": "贫血"}, "answer": "无痛性淋巴结肿大", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某患者有丛林接触史,突发高热,用变形杆菌OXk株做抗原与患者血清进行定量凝集试验,抗体效价为1:320,该患可能由何种病原体引起的?(  )", "options": {"A": "恙虫病立克次体", "B": "斑疹伤寒立克次体", "C": "森林脑炎病毒", "D": "普氏立克次体"}, "answer": "恙虫病立克次体", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.详细向病人讲清配合治疗的必要性,以获得病人与医师的配合的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人的义务", "B": "医生的权利", "C": "医生的义务", "D": "病人和医生共同的义务"}, "answer": "医生的义务", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有一名20岁女性病人,外伤后有血性脑脊液自鼻腔溢出,应采取的处置是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鼻腔冲洗", "B": "鼻腔填塞压迫止血", "C": "给予抗生素治疗", "D": "腰穿放血性脑脊液"}, "answer": "给予抗生素治疗", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下哪种细胞是人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)在人体内作用的靶细胞?(  )", "options": {"A": "CD4+T淋巴细胞", "B": "B淋巴细胞", "C": "NK细胞", "D": "CD8T淋巴细胞"}, "answer": "CD4+T淋巴细胞", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.女性,突发膀胱刺激症状伴血尿,无发热及腰痛,应先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性膀胱炎", "B": "急性肾盂肾炎", "C": "泌尿系结核", "D": "膀胱肿瘤"}, "answer": "急性膀胱炎", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪一项是营养性缺铁性贫血的主要原因?(  )", "options": {"A": "从食物中摄入的铁不足", "B": "生长发育加快", "C": "铁的消耗过多", "D": "造血功能增加"}, "answer": "从食物中摄入的铁不足", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "颅底骨折的诊断主要依靠(  )。", "options": {"A": "CT的骨窗像", "B": "MRI的T2加权像", "C": "临床表现", "D": "颅底X线平片"}, "answer": "临床表现", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1997年冬,某地发生流行性乙型肝炎,在各责任报告人中,某乡医生李某报告了第一例。其他各地的责任报告人相继报出传染病报告卡3.责任报告人报告传染病疫情的机关是(  )。", "options": {"A": "当地卫生防疫机构", "B": "当地公安局", "C": "当地医学院校", "D": "当地政府"}, "answer": "当地卫生防疫机构", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,17岁。骑摩托车时不慎摔倒,左颞顶着力,短暂昏迷后清醒。伤后30分钟送医院,急诊头颅CT示左颞顶颅骨骨折。2小时后头痛加剧,逐渐昏迷,左侧瞳孔散大,右侧肢体瘫痪。1.为明确诊断,应首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅骨以及颈部正侧位X线片", "B": "颈部CT", "C": "脑电图", "D": "头颅CT"}, "answer": "头颅CT", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.女性,l8岁,左膝内下硬性肿块2个月,无痛。X线片示左胫骨干骺端内侧有正常骨组织的疣状肿物,界限清楚,无骨膜反应,诊断首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨软骨瘤", "B": "骨巨细胞瘤", "C": "骨肉瘤", "D": "骨转移性癌"}, "answer": "骨软骨瘤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "病毒在细胞中增殖的指标不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "CPE", "B": "细胞融合", "C": "培养液pH值改变", "D": "培养基混浊"}, "answer": "培养基混浊", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,22岁,神志不清2h入院,既往患1型糖尿病5年,长期皮下注射胰岛素,近3d因腹泻而停用。查体:血压70/50mmHg,皮肤中度失水征,呼吸深大,有烂苹果味,心率130/min。2.哪项是需立即采取的治疗措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "补液加有效的抗生素", "B": "补液并恢复皮下注射胰岛素", "C": "纠正电解质紊乱", "D": "补液同时静脉滴注胰岛素"}, "answer": "补液同时静脉滴注胰岛素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "脊髓灰质炎病毒的致病特点不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "粪-口途径传播", "B": "5岁以下幼儿易感", "C": "易侵入中枢神经系统引起肢体痉挛性瘫痪", "D": "多为隐性感染"}, "answer": "易侵入中枢神经系统引起肢体痉挛性瘫痪", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心身疾病是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "心理社会因素引起的躯体疾病", "B": "心理社会因素引起的神经症", "C": "心理社会因素引起的生理反应", "D": "心理社会因素引起的器官系统功能性反应"}, "answer": "心理社会因素引起的躯体疾病", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有关肠管无生机的根据,哪项不对?(  )", "options": {"A": "肠管无弹性及张力", "B": "肠管的颜色变黑", "C": "肠管对刺激有反应,能收缩", "D": "肠管无蠕动能力"}, "answer": "肠管对刺激有反应,能收缩", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,25岁,摔倒后致单纯性左肩关节脱位,2h后来医院就诊,X线片排除骨折可能。1.此时应该首先采取的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "局麻后手法复位", "B": "局麻后切开复位", "C": "切开复位后同时修复关节囊", "D": "骨牵引后行外展架固定"}, "answer": "局麻后手法复位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项不是肾病综合征的临床表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "高脂血症", "B": "蛋白尿", "C": "血尿", "D": "水肿"}, "answer": "血尿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性病毒性肝炎病程一般为多长时间(  )。", "options": {"A": "2~4个月", "B": "<2个月", "C": "<半年", "D": ">半年"}, "answer": "2~4个月", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者女,38岁,已婚,右乳外上象限可触及一直径3cm包块,同侧腋窝触到肿大淋巴结。1.在询问病史时,对诊断帮助最小的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "家族中有乳癌病史", "B": "EB病毒感染史", "C": "生育史", "D": "月经史"}, "answer": "EB病毒感染史", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.记忆的开始阶段(  )。", "options": {"A": "识记", "B": "再现", "C": "再认", "D": "复述"}, "answer": "识记", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "感染性心内膜炎需行人工瓣膜置换术的适应证是(  )。", "options": {"A": "并发脑损害", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌性心内膜炎", "C": "出现Janeway损害", "D": "真菌性心内膜炎"}, "answer": "真菌性心内膜炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿前囟早闭见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "佝偻病", "B": "克汀病", "C": "小头畸形", "D": "极度消瘦者者"}, "answer": "小头畸形", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有关药物的不良反应,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "为治疗剂量时所产生的药物反应", "B": "为与治疗目的有关的药物反应", "C": "为不太严重的药物反应", "D": "为药物作用选择性低时所产生的反应"}, "answer": "为与治疗目的有关的药物反应", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胃食管反流病患者的典型症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "餐后上腹胀", "B": "上腹部钝痛", "C": "嗳气", "D": "反酸、烧心"}, "answer": "反酸、烧心", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "外伤性颅内血肿的主要致命因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性脑受压所致脑疝", "B": "弥漫性脑水肿", "C": "昏迷所致肺部感染", "D": "蛛网膜下腔出血"}, "answer": "急性脑受压所致脑疝", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "消化性溃疡深浅不一,通常深达(  )。", "options": {"A": "黏膜下层", "B": "肌层", "C": "浆膜层", "D": "超过浆膜层"}, "answer": "肌层", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.最能体现保护病人隐私准则的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "医生为患者选用疗效相当但价格低廉的药物", "B": "医生为患者提供完全、真实的信息,供其选择表态", "C": "医生使用艾滋病患者病情资料时,应做隐去姓名等处理", "D": "医生治疗时应努力使病人受益"}, "answer": "医生使用艾滋病患者病情资料时,应做隐去姓名等处理", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.动脉粥样硬化症(  )。", "options": {"A": "心肌梗死", "B": "大、中动脉内膜斑块形成", "C": "以上病变都存在", "D": "以上病变都不存在"}, "answer": "以上病变都存在", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.必须检测凝血状况(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡托普利", "B": "双嘧达莫(潘生丁)", "C": "低分子肝素", "D": "甲泼尼龙(甲基强的松龙)"}, "answer": "低分子肝素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,30岁。诊断为右膝关节单纯滑膜结核,行滑膜切除术后3周.病情恢复平稳,对膝关节的下一步处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "逐渐开始练习关节不负重活动", "B": "必须大运动量,加强练习关节活动", "C": "待病情稳定后施关节融合术", "D": "用石膏管型固定于功能位促其骨性强直"}, "answer": "逐渐开始练习关节不负重活动", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "溃疡性结肠炎患者最典型的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹泻、腹痛、脓血便", "B": "排便困难伴腹痛,无便血", "C": "腹泻与便秘交替伴发热", "D": "腹痛,便后可缓解,无便血"}, "answer": "腹泻、腹痛、脓血便", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.肩关节前脱位的常用复位方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Hippocrates法", "B": "骨牵引复位法", "C": "切开复位法", "D": "无需牵引,仅用旋转法"}, "answer": "Hippocrates法", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "12个月女婴,近日来手足震颤,面色苍黄,智力落后,少哭不笑。查体:皮肤黏膜苍黄,肝脾轻度肿大,踝阵挛(+)。血象:RBC 2.0×1012/L,Hb 90g/L,WBC 4×109/L,中性粒细胞分叶过多。其诊断应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "再生障碍性贫血", "B": "营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血", "C": "营养性混合性贫血", "D": "感染性贫血"}, "answer": "营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,35岁。发热20余天就诊。体温在38℃左右。体检:腹部饱满,腹壁柔韧感,全腹轻度压痛及反跳痛。肝脾肋下未扪及,移动浊音(+)。血白细胞2×109/L,中性粒细胞0.75,淋巴细胞0.25。2.为明确诊断应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝功能检查", "B": "胃肠钡餐造影", "C": "腹水检查", "D": "腹部B型超声波检查"}, "answer": "腹水检查", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "从痰中检出具有临床诊断意义的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "B": "结核分枝杆菌", "C": "脑膜炎奈瑟菌", "D": "甲性溶血性链球菌"}, "answer": "结核分枝杆菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "诊断小儿呼吸衰竭的标准为(  )。", "options": {"A": "PaO2<60mmHg,PaCO2>45mmHg,SaO2<80%", "B": "PaO2<50mmHg,PaCO2>60mmHg,SaO2<91%", "C": "PaO2<50mmHg,PaCO2>50mmHg,SaO2<91%", "D": "PaO2<50mmHg,PaCO2>50mmHg,SaO2<85%"}, "answer": "PaO2<50mmHg,PaCO2>50mmHg,SaO2<85%", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于霍乱肠毒素,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "最强烈的致泻外毒素", "B": "由1个A亚单位和5个B亚单位组成", "C": "B亚单位为毒性单位", "D": "导致霍乱病人粪便呈米泔水样"}, "answer": "B亚单位为毒性单位", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下哪项是破伤风的平均潜伏期?(  )", "options": {"A": "1天", "B": "2~5天", "C": "6~12天", "D": "11~15天"}, "answer": "6~12天", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.B淋巴细胞抗原识别受体(  )。", "options": {"A": "TCR", "B": "BCR", "C": "FCR", "D": "C4Br"}, "answer": "BCR", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项为特发性全面强直-阵挛发作的首选治疗药物(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙戊酸钠", "B": "苯妥英钠", "C": "乙琥胺", "D": "苯巴比妥"}, "answer": "丙戊酸钠", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "营养性贫血最主要的原因就是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓造血功能障碍", "B": "造血物质缺乏", "C": "慢性肾炎所致", "D": "急、慢性失血"}, "answer": "造血物质缺乏", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "房间隔缺损杂音产生的主要原理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血流直接通过缺损口", "B": "二尖瓣相对狭窄", "C": "肺动脉瓣相对狭窄", "D": "三尖瓣相对狭窄"}, "answer": "肺动脉瓣相对狭窄", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "能引起食物中毒的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "霍乱弧菌", "B": "铜绿假单胞菌", "C": "副溶血弧菌", "D": "志贺菌"}, "answer": "副溶血弧菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.在临床医学研究前,对有行为能力的病人要获得他的同意,这属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "代理同意", "B": "知情同意", "C": "不需同意", "D": "无效同意"}, "answer": "知情同意", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.治疗慢性粒细胞白血病(  )。", "options": {"A": "DA", "B": "苯丁酸氮芥", "C": "MOPP", "D": "羟基脲"}, "answer": "羟基脲", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.作为药物制剂质量指标的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生物利用度", "B": "血浆蛋白结合率", "C": "剂量", "D": "吸收速度"}, "answer": "生物利用度", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.手指麻木伴上肢放射痛,压头试验阳性最可能的颈椎病类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "椎动脉型颈椎病", "B": "交感神经型颈椎病", "C": "神经根型颈椎病", "D": "复合型颈椎病"}, "answer": "神经根型颈椎病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "34周早产儿,6天,出生后吃奶差,每次5毫升,每天喂奶3~4次,近两天来不吃、不哭、不动,于2005年8月入院。查体:体温33℃,面颊、四肢皮肤暗红色稍肿,冰凉,大腿外侧皮肤发硬,不能捏起,心率90次/分。1.初步诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿低血糖", "B": "新生儿休克", "C": "新生儿硬肿症", "D": "新生儿皮下坏疽"}, "answer": "新生儿硬肿症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,35岁。右下腹痛、便秘1年。查体:T 36.5℃,P 80次/分,R 16次/分,BP 110/70mmHg。双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心律齐,腹软,无压痛。结肠镜检查:回肠末端及升结肠起始部多发纵行溃疡,溃疡间黏膜大致正常,病变呈节段性。PPD试验阴性。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "克罗恩病", "B": "阿米巴肠病", "C": "肠结核", "D": "溃疡性结肠炎"}, "answer": "克罗恩病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男孩,5岁半,生后发现心脏杂音。平时易感冒,曾患过肺炎3次。体重16kg,无发绀。查体:心前区隆起,胸骨左缘第3肋间可闻及Ⅳ级收缩杂音伴震颤,心尖区Ⅱ级舒级期滚筒样杂音,肺动脉第二音亢进。EKG示电轴不偏,RV5+SV1=46mm+12mm,RV124mm。最可能的初步诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损(第二孔)", "B": "房间隔缺损(第一孔)", "C": "动脉导管未闭", "D": "室间隔缺损"}, "answer": "室间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "营养不良皮下脂肪最后消失的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部", "B": "腹部", "C": "面颊部", "D": "腰部"}, "answer": "面颊部", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于哺乳期避孕,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不需避孕", "B": "应采用避孕药物", "C": "最好使用工具避孕", "D": "剖宫产术后3个月放置IUD"}, "answer": "最好使用工具避孕", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,18岁。双下肢及颜面水肿1周。尿沉渣镜检:RBC0~2/HP,尿蛋白定量12.2g/d。血ALB 10g/L,Scr 79μmol/L,ANA(-),乙型肝炎病毒标志物均(-)。2.如果经足量糖皮质激素治疗12周无效,其病理类型最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎", "B": "膜性肾病", "C": "膜增生性肾小球肾炎", "D": "局灶节段性肾小球硬化"}, "answer": "膜性肾病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "如果肠系膜上动脉起始部发生血栓栓塞,造成血运障碍的所有肠段为(  )。", "options": {"A": "全部小肠和全部结肠", "B": "全部小肠、盲肠和升结肠", "C": "升结肠和横结肠", "D": "降结肠、乙状结肠和直肠"}, "answer": "全部小肠、盲肠和升结肠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "我国肺癌最常见病理分型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大细胞癌", "B": "小细胞癌", "C": "鳞癌", "D": "腺癌"}, "answer": "腺癌", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,46岁。“慢性肝炎”病史10余年。20小时前进食烙饼后呕血约200ml,排黑便约100ml,意识障碍2小时,不识家人。治疗中错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉点滴支链氨基酸", "B": "肥皂水灌肠清除积血", "C": "硫酸镁导泻", "D": "限制蛋白饮食"}, "answer": "肥皂水灌肠清除积血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.骨折近端向后倾斜移位(  )。", "options": {"A": "股骨粗隆间骨折", "B": "股骨颈骨折", "C": "股骨上1/3骨折", "D": "股骨上中段骨折"}, "answer": "股骨上1/3骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "雷尼替丁治疗十二指肠溃疡的作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中和胃酸", "B": "直接抑制胃蛋白酶活性", "C": "阻断胃腺细胞的H2受体,抑制胃酸分泌", "D": "形成保护膜,覆盖溃疡面"}, "answer": "阻断胃腺细胞的H2受体,抑制胃酸分泌", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.能有效控制铜绿假单胞菌感染的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "四环素", "B": "利巴韦林", "C": "妥布霉素", "D": "林可霉素"}, "answer": "妥布霉素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "呼吸链的存在部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞膜", "B": "细胞质", "C": "细胞核", "D": "线粒体"}, "answer": "线粒体", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪一种是抗体?(  )", "options": {"A": "溶血素", "B": "细菌素", "C": "过敏毒素", "D": "植物血凝素"}, "answer": "溶血素", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于结合胆红素的特点的描述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "与葡萄糖醛酸结合", "B": "易透过细胞膜对脑有毒性作用", "C": "与偶氮试剂反应呈直接反应", "D": "能经肾随尿排出"}, "answer": "易透过细胞膜对脑有毒性作用", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,32岁。一月前因周期性发热,颈部、腋下、腹股沟淋巴结肿大,肝肋下2cm,脾肋下3cm。目前应做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部X线摄片", "B": "免疫球蛋白测定", "C": "淋巴结活检", "D": "骨髓象检查"}, "answer": "骨髓象检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "机体受外源抗原刺激后,下列哪项是发生免疫应答的部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "骨髓", "B": "淋巴结", "C": "胸腺", "D": "腔上囊(法氏囊)"}, "answer": "淋巴结", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.2岁小儿中点位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "身长的中点在脐上", "B": "身长的中点在脐下", "C": "身长的中点在耻骨联合上缘", "D": "身长的中点在耻骨联合下缘"}, "answer": "身长的中点在脐下", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性有机磷中毒患者应用阿托品过量引起中毒时,解毒剂是(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛果芸香碱", "B": "依地酸钠钙", "C": "亚甲蓝", "D": "二巯丙醇"}, "answer": "毛果芸香碱", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,34岁,因原发性甲亢行甲状腺双侧次全切除术。有关术中操作,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结扎切断甲状腺上动脉要远离甲状腺上极", "B": "结扎切断甲状腺下动脉要靠近甲状腺背面", "C": "止血后不必放引流", "D": "须保留腺体的背面部分"}, "answer": "须保留腺体的背面部分", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "主动脉瓣狭窄时心脏震颤出现在(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸骨左缘第2肋间,连续性", "B": "胸骨左缘第2肋间,收缩期", "C": "胸骨左缘第2肋间,舒张期", "D": "胸骨右缘第2肋间,收缩期"}, "answer": "胸骨右缘第2肋间,收缩期", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性风湿热不伴有心脏炎的患者,阿司匹林治疗的总疗程为(  )。", "options": {"A": "6~12周", "B": "3~6周", "C": "1~3周", "D": "半年"}, "answer": "3~6周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.哪项是引起双下肢弛缓性瘫的病变部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑干", "B": "内囊", "C": "胸髓", "D": "腰膨大"}, "answer": "腰膨大", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "可将肝外组织胆固醇转运至肝的主要脂蛋白是(  )。", "options": {"A": "LDL", "B": "HDL", "C": "IDL", "D": "VLDL"}, "answer": "HDL", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,35岁,近2个月频繁出现入睡困难,多梦易醒,醒后难以再入睡,白天经常疲乏,影响日常生活和工作,每周至少发生3次。最常用的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "喹硫平", "B": "曲唑酮", "C": "阿米替林", "D": "艾司唑仑"}, "answer": "艾司唑仑", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "均数为0,标准差为1的分布是(  )。", "options": {"A": "标准正态分布", "B": "正偏态分布", "C": "负偏态分布", "D": "非正态分布"}, "answer": "标准正态分布", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.低位单纯性肛瘘的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "挂线疗法", "B": "肛瘘切除", "C": "切开联合挂线", "D": "保守治疗"}, "answer": "肛瘘切除", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "佝偻病的初期,以下指标最可靠的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血钙", "B": "碱性磷酸酶", "C": "X线检查", "D": "血清25-(OH)D测定"}, "answer": "血清25-(OH)D测定", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "甲型肝炎病毒具有哪一项特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "黑猩猩和绒猴易感,但不能传代", "B": "是脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)病毒", "C": "甲型肝炎病毒感染后易成慢性携带者", "D": "只有一个血清型和一个抗原抗体系统"}, "answer": "只有一个血清型和一个抗原抗体系统", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "合并糖尿病肾病的高血压患者治疗应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂", "B": "α受体阻滞剂", "C": "β受体阻滞剂", "D": "利尿剂"}, "answer": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿腹泻中重度脱水伴低血钾时应(  )。", "options": {"A": "纠正脱水不必补钾", "B": "立即快速给予补钾", "C": "口服氯化钾", "D": "纠正酸中毒同时缓慢补钾"}, "answer": "纠正酸中毒同时缓慢补钾", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,25岁。因高位小肠瘘1天入院,入院后经颈内静脉插管滴入肠外营养液,两周后突然出现寒战、高热,无咳嗽、咳痰,腹部无压痛和反跳痛。3.如果24小时后发热仍不退,应采取(  )。", "options": {"A": "用抗生素", "B": "停止肠外营养", "C": "气管切开", "D": "增加胰岛素用量"}, "answer": "用抗生素", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.宫颈鳞状上皮重度不典型增生是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癌前病变", "B": "原位癌", "C": "良性增生", "D": "炎症"}, "answer": "癌前病变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "28岁初产妇,因第二产程延长,行产钳助产,产后阴道流血约700mL,诊断为子宫收缩乏力所致,其主要临床表现应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎盘未娩出时出血不止", "B": "胎盘剥离延缓而出血", "C": "胎盘娩出后出血,无血块", "D": "胎盘娩出后阵发性出血,时多时少"}, "answer": "胎盘娩出后阵发性出血,时多时少", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.风湿病皮肤病变(  )。", "options": {"A": "瓣膜穿孔并有皮下Osler小结", "B": "瓣膜有半透明,串珠状排列赘生物", "C": "环形红斑", "D": "关节积液"}, "answer": "环形红斑", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不能补充血糖的代谢过程是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌糖原分解", "B": "糖异生作用", "C": "肝糖原分解", "D": "肾小管上皮细胞的重吸收作用"}, "answer": "肌糖原分解", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "支气管哮喘病人急性发作时,PaCO2逐渐增高表示(  )。", "options": {"A": "病情好转", "B": "病情严重", "C": "发作早期", "D": "有心血管并发症"}, "answer": "病情严重", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,47岁。既往有慢性乙型病毒性肝炎病史10余年,1个月前出现右上腹隐痛不适。查体:右腹部膨隆,可扪及质地坚硬、表面凹凸不平的肿块,移动性浊音阳性。腹水为血性,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性肝癌", "B": "肝囊肿", "C": "肝脓肿", "D": "胆囊炎"}, "answer": "原发性肝癌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪一项不符合小叶性肺炎的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "易出现并发症", "B": "支气管淋巴结急性炎", "C": "融合性病灶易发展为肺肉质变", "D": "属于化脓性炎"}, "answer": "融合性病灶易发展为肺肉质变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,40岁,不否认有性乱行为,近月来发热、食少、消瘦,全身淋巴结肿大,更有白细胞减少,疑其感染HIV病毒,首选下述哪一项有助于初诊(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD4细胞计数", "B": "血常规", "C": "酶免测抗体", "D": "放免测抗体"}, "answer": "酶免测抗体", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是合成血红素的基本原料?(  )", "options": {"A": "乙酰辅酶A、甘氨酸、Fe2+", "B": "丙氨酰辅酶A、甘氨酸、Fe2+", "C": "琥珀酰辅酶A、甘氨酸、Fe2+", "D": "琥珀酰辅酶A、丙氨酸、Fe2+"}, "answer": "琥珀酰辅酶A、甘氨酸、Fe2+", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列甲状腺肿的病因不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺素合成障碍", "B": "甲状腺素分泌障碍", "C": "甲状腺素需求增多", "D": "长效甲状腺刺激素浓度增高"}, "answer": "长效甲状腺刺激素浓度增高", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,44岁。因呕吐、腹泻、低热于门诊应用庆大霉素32万U/d,共5天。近日来尿量有所减少,约700~800ml/d,伴乏力、头晕。实验室检查尿蛋白(+)。Hb 100g/L,血清钾6.5mmol/L,BUN 33.5mmol/L,血肌酐884mmol/L。3.最应采取的治疗手段是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服离子交换树脂", "B": "葡萄糖静脉注射", "C": "按3~6g葡萄糖:1U胰岛素比例静脉滴注补液", "D": "透析治疗"}, "answer": "透析治疗", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.颈动脉窦灌注压升高时诱发降压反射的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心交感神经冲动增多", "B": "心迷走神经冲动增多", "C": "窦神经冲动增多", "D": "交感舒血管纤维冲动增多"}, "answer": "窦神经冲动增多", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,53岁,10年前出现情绪低落与情感高涨交替出现,情绪低落时表现为早醒、闷闷不乐、不思饮食,对事物失去兴趣,足不出户,轻生念头明显,持续2~3个月后,突然转为话多、兴奋、整日忙忙碌碌、四处购物、爱交际、自感精力充沛,才智过人,持续1月后,再次转为情绪低落,如此反复。体检及神经系统无异常。3.当病人服用碳酸锂时,做何种检查对监测血锂浓度有一定价值?(  )", "options": {"A": "血常规", "B": "肾功能", "C": "脑电图", "D": "血沉"}, "answer": "脑电图", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "母乳与牛乳相比,营养丰富,易于消化。是因为母乳中(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋白质含量高", "B": "含酪蛋白多", "C": "含白蛋白、球蛋白较多", "D": "含甲型乳糖高"}, "answer": "含白蛋白、球蛋白较多", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "嘌呤核苷酸从头合成途径首先合成的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "GMP", "B": "IMP", "C": "AMP", "D": "CMP"}, "answer": "IMP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列对于条件反射的叙述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "形成的基本条件是强化", "B": "数量有限", "C": "建立后可以发生消退", "D": "使机体具有更大的适应性"}, "answer": "数量有限", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男孩,4岁。一向偏食,不吃鱼肉蛋,近日发现面色渐苍白,不愿活动,时而腹泻。查体心肺正常,肝脏于肋下触及3cm,脾未及,血Hb60g/L,RBC2.90×1012/L,血涂片:红细胞大小不等,以小为主,中心淡染区扩大。2.确定此病最灵敏的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血涂片,中性粒细胞多分叶现象", "B": "血清铁蛋白测定", "C": "骨穿及骨髓象分析", "D": "MCV、MCH、MCHC"}, "answer": "血清铁蛋白测定", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "法洛四联症最早且主要的表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蹲踞", "B": "发绀", "C": "突然晕厥", "D": "杵状指(趾)"}, "answer": "发绀", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "引起中毒型细菌性痢疾发病的原因主要是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌直接侵入肠黏膜致病", "B": "细菌产生的内毒素致病", "C": "细菌产生的外毒素致病", "D": "体内抗原抗体反应致病"}, "answer": "细菌产生的内毒素致病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于肺弹性阻力,叙述错误的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺组织的弹性回缩力约占肺总弹性阻力的2/3", "B": "肺扩张越大,弹性阻力也越大", "C": "肺泡表面张力使肺具有回缩倾向", "D": "肺泡表面活性物质有降低肺弹性阻力的作用"}, "answer": "肺组织的弹性回缩力约占肺总弹性阻力的2/3", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "结节性红斑,疱疹性结膜炎,常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性肺结核", "B": "支原体肺炎", "C": "秋季腹泻", "D": "支气管哮喘"}, "answer": "原发性肺结核", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心导管检查发现肺动脉血氧含量较右心室高,提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "右向左分流", "B": "肺动脉高压", "C": "肺动脉狭窄", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "以上都不是", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,30岁。低热、腹胀、腹痛1个月,查体:腹部弥漫压痛,揉面感,移动性浊音阳性。对诊断最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核菌素试验", "B": "血清结核抗体", "C": "血沉", "D": "腹腔穿刺抽液检查"}, "answer": "腹腔穿刺抽液检查", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,25岁。右胫前红肿2天,畏寒、发热1天。局部表皮发红,微隆起,指压稍褪色,边界清,右腹股沟淋巴结肿痛。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "痈", "B": "气性坏疽", "C": "疖", "D": "丹毒"}, "answer": "丹毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "以δ节律为主的成人脑电图,属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "正常脑电图", "B": "轻度异常脑电图", "C": "中度异常脑电图", "D": "重度异常脑电图"}, "answer": "重度异常脑电图", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿符合中度等渗性脱水的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "失水量占体重的3%,血清钠135mmol/L", "B": "失水量占体重的7%,血清钠120mmol/L", "C": "失水量占体重的8%,血清钠140mmol/L", "D": "失水量占体重的11%,血清钠140mmol/L"}, "answer": "失水量占体重的8%,血清钠140mmol/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.哪种基因表达阻遏蛋白?(  )", "options": {"A": "结构基因", "B": "抑癌基因", "C": "调节基因", "D": "操纵基因"}, "answer": "调节基因", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "属于Ⅱ型超敏反应疾病的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清病", "B": "新生儿溶血", "C": "结核菌素试验", "D": "类风湿关节炎"}, "answer": "新生儿溶血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "瘤细胞间变多见于下述哪一种肿瘤?(  )", "options": {"A": "囊腺瘤", "B": "腺癌", "C": "甲状腺瘤", "D": "混合瘤"}, "answer": "腺癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪种疾病脾大最显著?(  )", "options": {"A": "慢性淋巴细胞白血病", "B": "急性单核细胞白血病", "C": "慢性粒细胞白血病", "D": "急性淋巴细胞白血病"}, "answer": "慢性粒细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,45岁。半年来右乳发现一肿块,由栗子大增大到核桃大,半个月前破溃,流出大量坏死物质。检查发现右乳外上象限有一个鸡蛋大肿块,表面破溃与周围组织牢固粘连。右腋窝淋巴结肿大。组织学上,正常乳腺组织被肿瘤组织所取代,肿瘤细胞形成实性的细胞巢,细胞较大,且大小较一致,核分裂像较多。肿瘤间质稀少,伴有淋巴细胞浸润。患者右乳的肿块最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "导管内癌", "B": "浸润性导管癌", "C": "髓样癌", "D": "纤维腺瘤"}, "answer": "髓样癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者李某,患有较大的卵巢囊肿准备择期手术,患者要求术前自身贮血和术野自身血回输。1.输血科医生的职责是(  )。", "options": {"A": "采血和贮血", "B": "填写《临床输血申请单》", "C": "向患者说明输血可能引起的不良反应", "D": "填写《输血治疗同意书》"}, "answer": "采血和贮血", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "5.新生儿败血症的典型表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "黄疸、肝脾增大、出血倾向、休克等", "B": "面色苍灰、皮肤发花、血压下降、少尿或无尿等", "C": "皮肤黏膜淤点淤斑、针眼渗血不止、消化道出血、肺出血等", "D": "腹胀、呕吐、肠鸣音减弱等"}, "answer": "黄疸、肝脾增大、出血倾向、休克等", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.分泌肠毒素,激活环磷酸腺苷介质系统引起小肠过度分泌,造成剧烈水泻(  )。", "options": {"A": "痢疾杆菌", "B": "伤寒杆菌", "C": "霍乱弧菌", "D": "副伤寒甲杆菌"}, "answer": "霍乱弧菌", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,48岁,近1个月感口渴,饮水量增至每天2000mL。身高156 cm,体重71kg,空腹血糖180 mg/dL(10.0 mmol/L),餐后血糖252 mg/dL(14.0 mmol/L),系初次发现血糖高,过去无糖尿病史。1.给患者的治疗建议是(  )。", "options": {"A": "饮食及运动治疗", "B": "磺脲类降血糖药", "C": "α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂", "D": "胰岛素"}, "answer": "饮食及运动治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "药物的首过消除发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "舌下给药后", "B": "吸入给药后", "C": "口服给药后", "D": "静脉给药后"}, "answer": "口服给药后", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "支气管哮喘的肺功能异常,主要表现在(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺活量减少", "B": "第一秒用力呼气容积减少", "C": "弥散量减少", "D": "功能残气量减少"}, "answer": "第一秒用力呼气容积减少", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "皮肤的物理辐射散热速度决定于(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤血流速度", "B": "环境温度和湿度", "C": "皮肤温度和环境温度", "D": "环境温度和环境湿度"}, "answer": "皮肤温度和环境温度", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "使用明尼苏达多项人格调查表(MMPI)测查某人的人格特征,并计算各人格因子得分,属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "心理测验", "B": "心理测量", "C": "心理评估", "D": "心理诊断"}, "answer": "心理测量", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪项是诊断脓肿并确定其致病菌的可靠方法?(  )", "options": {"A": "气味", "B": "穿刺细菌培养", "C": "抗生素治疗观察", "D": "颜色"}, "answer": "穿刺细菌培养", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "疑为骨盆骨折的患者来院急诊,最首要的检查应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线片", "B": "核素骨扫描", "C": "肛门指诊", "D": "CT"}, "answer": "X线片", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.体内主要的生理性抗凝物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "D抗原", "B": "尿激酶", "C": "TFPI", "D": "PF4"}, "answer": "TFPI", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医师王某从国外学成归来,拟从事遗传病诊断。对于王某能否从事该工作,颁发证书的部门是(  )。", "options": {"A": "县级卫生行政部门", "B": "省级卫生行政部门", "C": "医学会", "D": "卫生部"}, "answer": "省级卫生行政部门", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是口服铁剂治疗缺铁性贫血的正规治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "一直服用到血红蛋白达到正常水平", "B": "到略低于正常血红蛋白值然后待其自然增长到正常水平", "C": "服至血红蛋白高于正常水平,以免复发", "D": "血红蛋白达正常后再继续服1个月,6个月时还可复治3~4周"}, "answer": "血红蛋白达正常后再继续服1个月,6个月时还可复治3~4周", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,22岁。咳嗽伴发热3天,给予青霉素静脉滴注抗感染治疗,用药后患者突然出现气急、胸闷、烦躁不安。查体:T 38.5℃,P 140次/分,R 32次/分,BP 75/40mmHg。面色苍白,大汗淋漓,两肺可闻及哮鸣音,身体多部位红色皮疹。最有可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "哮喘急性发作", "B": "急性呼吸窘迫综合征", "C": "过敏性休克", "D": "急性左心衰竭"}, "answer": "过敏性休克", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,37岁,患慢粒2年半,服用马利兰治疗,效果较好。近期出现乏力、低热、盗汗、鼻出血,脾肋下4cm,血红蛋白70g/L。目前应首先考虑出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢粒急性变", "B": "骨髓抑制", "C": "继发细菌感染", "D": "急性溶血"}, "answer": "慢粒急性变", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,58岁。反复咳嗽、咳大量脓痰、咯血20年,再发咯血3天。查体:BP 140/90mmHg,左下肺可闻及湿啰音。对确定诊断有价值的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管造影", "B": "胸部X线片", "C": "纤维支气管镜", "D": "胸部高分辨CT"}, "answer": "胸部高分辨CT", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "组成核酸分子的碱基主要有(  )。", "options": {"A": "2种", "B": "3种", "C": "5种", "D": "6种"}, "answer": "5种", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "骨折的特有体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "疼痛与压痛", "B": "功能障碍", "C": "骨擦音和骨擦感", "D": "患肢循环障碍"}, "answer": "骨擦音和骨擦感", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性心肌梗死时,大量中性粒细胞浸润的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "在梗死开始形成的6小时以内", "B": "在发生梗死的第二天", "C": "在发生梗死的第四天左右", "D": "在发生梗死的第一星期的终末"}, "answer": "在梗死开始形成的6小时以内", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.肺气肿病变部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主支气管", "B": "以细支气管为中心向邻近肺组织发展", "C": "肺泡", "D": "呼吸性细支气管以远的末梢肺组织"}, "answer": "主支气管", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医师在执业活动中享有的权利之一是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宣传普及卫生保健知识", "B": "人格尊严、人身安全不受侵犯", "C": "努力钻研业务,及时更新知识", "D": "爱岗敬业,努力工作"}, "answer": "人格尊严、人身安全不受侵犯", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.产生促胰液素的细胞为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃壁细胞", "B": "小肠上部S细胞", "C": "胃肠上皮细胞", "D": "胃窦粘膜G细胞"}, "answer": "小肠上部S细胞", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项不是慢性肾炎的临床表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "多尿", "B": "少尿", "C": "高血压", "D": "贫血"}, "answer": "少尿", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.感受性低,耐受性高,速度慢具有稳定性(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑郁质", "B": "多血质", "C": "黏液质", "D": "抑制质"}, "answer": "黏液质", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "乳腺癌局部表现中提示预后最差的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳头内陷,偏向一侧", "B": "乳头湿疹样变", "C": "皮肤红肿、炎症样变", "D": "局部皮肤凹陷呈“酒窝征”"}, "answer": "皮肤红肿、炎症样变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,28岁,被人发现昏迷且休克屋内有火炉,且发现有敌敌畏空瓶。查体,体温36℃,BP 90/60mmHg,四肢厥冷,腱反射消失,心电图一度房室传导阻滞,尿糖(+),尿蛋白(+),血液的COHb为60%。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性巴比妥类中毒", "B": "急性有机磷农药中毒", "C": "急性CO中毒", "D": "糖尿病酮症酸中毒"}, "answer": "急性CO中毒", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "IP3受体位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "高尔基体", "B": "质膜", "C": "内质网", "D": "溶酶体"}, "answer": "内质网", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,59岁。无痛性进行性皮肤、巩膜黄染3个月。查体:T 36.4℃。P 60次/min,BP 120/90mmHg。皮肤、巩膜黄染。右上腹可触及肿大的肝脏及胆囊。Murphy征(-)。首先进行的腹部影像学检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "MRI", "B": "B超", "C": "X线", "D": "CT"}, "answer": "CT", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,女,4岁,反复咳嗽2个月。查体:体温正常,浅表淋巴结(-)。咽(-),两肺布满哮鸣音,无水泡音,反复抗生素治疗不愈,以往无呛咳病史,有过敏性鼻炎。5.如呼吸音减弱,病情恶化,应紧急采用(  )。", "options": {"A": "头部冰枕", "B": "机械通气", "C": "胸外按摩", "D": "纯氧吸入"}, "answer": "机械通气", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,55岁。有慢性乙肝史10年,近4个月来右上腹隐痛、乏力、食欲减退,体重下降就诊。体检:皮肤无黄染,右上腹肝区有轻度叩痛,肝脾不大,B超显示肝右叶有一2cm×3cm×4cm圆形低密度病灶。1.下列哪项检查最有助于诊断?(  )", "options": {"A": "丙氨酸氨基转移酶", "B": "甲胎蛋白", "C": "碱性磷酸酶", "D": "γ-谷氨酰转肽酶"}, "answer": "甲胎蛋白", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是中枢化学感觉器敏感的刺激物?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑脊液中的CO2", "B": "血液中的H+", "C": "脑脊液中的H+", "D": "动脉血O2分压降低"}, "answer": "脑脊液中的H+", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "NHL最常累及胃肠道的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "十二指肠", "B": "回肠", "C": "结肠", "D": "直肠"}, "answer": "回肠", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,44岁。2年前出现右背部疼痛,1年前右下肢无力,左下肢痛温觉迟钝,近5个月双下肢无力,行走困难、排尿困难和便秘3个月。查体:双下肢肌力2级,肌张力增高,膝反射亢进,双Babinski征(+),双T7~8以下深浅感觉减退。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓炎", "B": "脊髓蛛网膜炎", "C": "髓外硬膜内肿瘤", "D": "脊髓内肿瘤"}, "answer": "髓外硬膜内肿瘤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,50岁。欲行全子宫加双附件切除,不需要切断的韧带是(  )。", "options": {"A": "圆韧带", "B": "卵巢固有韧带", "C": "卵巢悬韧带", "D": "阔韧带"}, "answer": "卵巢固有韧带", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "从痰液中检出下列细菌中有临床意义的一种是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溶血性链球菌", "B": "结核分枝杆菌", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "D": "脑膜炎球菌"}, "answer": "结核分枝杆菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "颅内压增高病人,腰穿放脑脊液后,突然呼吸停止,这是因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "小脑扁桃体疝", "B": "脑血管意外", "C": "脑室系统出血", "D": "颅内压过低"}, "answer": "小脑扁桃体疝", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项为只有T细胞才具有的表面标记?(  )", "options": {"A": "识别抗原受体", "B": "细胞因子受体", "C": "CD3分子", "D": "有丝分裂原受体"}, "answer": "CD3分子", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,35岁,高热,皮肤瘙痒半月,右颈及锁骨上淋巴结肿大,无压痛,互相粘连,血红蛋白90g/L,白细胞10×109/L,中性粒细胞66%,淋巴细胞24%,骨髓涂片找到里-斯氏细胞。1.最大可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核性淋巴结炎", "B": "慢性淋巴细胞白血病", "C": "癌转移", "D": "淋巴瘤"}, "answer": "淋巴瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医师中止执业活动二年以上,当其中止的情形消失后,需要恢复执业活动的,应当经所在地的县级以上卫生行政部门委托的机构或者组织考核合格,并依法申请办理(  )。", "options": {"A": "准予注册手续", "B": "注销注册手续", "C": "变更注册手续", "D": "重新注册手续"}, "answer": "重新注册手续", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "哪项为主要用于焦虑症治疗的药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "碳酸锂", "B": "地西泮", "C": "五氟利多", "D": "卡马西平"}, "answer": "地西泮", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "霍乱的典型临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热,腹痛,黏液脓血便,里急后重", "B": "大量水样便,剧烈呕吐,无发热或明显腹痛", "C": "无发热,剧烈呕吐,少量黄水样便", "D": "发热,剧烈腹痛,水样便或血便"}, "answer": "大量水样便,剧烈呕吐,无发热或明显腹痛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "产后出血最常见的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎盘植入", "B": "血小板减少", "C": "子宫收缩乏力", "D": "胎盘粘连"}, "answer": "子宫收缩乏力", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于劣药的说法不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "药品成分的含量不符合国家标准的为劣药", "B": "药品成分与国家药品标准规定的成分不符的为劣药", "C": "不注明生产批号的药品按照劣药论处", "D": "更改生产批号的药品按照劣药论处"}, "answer": "药品成分与国家药品标准规定的成分不符的为劣药", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于颅内压增高,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "后期常伴视力障碍", "B": "喷射性呕吐多见", "C": "某些病例可始终不出现“三主症”", "D": "在婴幼儿头痛出现较早且较重"}, "answer": "在婴幼儿头痛出现较早且较重", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "高热惊厥易复发的因素,不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "简单型高热惊厥", "B": "复杂型高热惊厥", "C": "首次高热惊厥在6个月以内", "D": "有癫痫家族史"}, "answer": "简单型高热惊厥", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,32岁,17岁开始走路常偏向一侧,伴双手震颤,视物不清。25岁后频繁出现突然倒地抽搐,口吐白沫。27岁出现精神异常,无故吵闹,打人毁物,随地大小便。有时自言自语。言语含糊吐字不清,流口水。患者妹妹在15岁左右也出现类似表现。入院检查患者智商62。常傻笑,思维贫乏。血清铜氧化酶低于正常,有K-F环,肝脏B超显示轻度结节性硬化。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "亨廷顿病", "C": "肝豆状核变性症伴发的精神障碍", "D": "精神发育迟滞"}, "answer": "肝豆状核变性症伴发的精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "枕骨大孔疝的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "意识丧失", "B": "中枢性呼吸衰竭", "C": "同侧瞳孔散大", "D": "双侧瞳孔缩小"}, "answer": "中枢性呼吸衰竭", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗营养性缺铁性贫血最好用(  )。", "options": {"A": "硫酸亚铁等铁剂口服", "B": "稀盐酸胃蛋白酶合剂", "C": "注射铁剂", "D": "小量输血"}, "answer": "硫酸亚铁等铁剂口服", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "成人阑尾炎切除术后1天出现浮躁、剧烈腹痛,心率112次/分,血压90/60mmHg,腹胀、全腹压痛,肠鸣音弱,为除外腹腔内出血首要的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B超", "B": "MRI", "C": "腹腔穿刺", "D": "立位腹部平片"}, "answer": "腹腔穿刺", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,59岁,因面部剧烈疼痛而来门诊求治。疼痛从右侧口角开始,放射至右外眦部,呈刀割样或撕裂样,爆发性,每次发作数秒钟,并常为说话、刷牙或咀嚼所触发。3.此种疼痛形式偶可见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "多发性硬化", "B": "小脑脑桥角部脑膜瘤", "C": "听神经瘤", "D": "所有上述疾病"}, "answer": "所有上述疾病", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.细菌性肝脓肿的典型表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲胎蛋白阳性", "B": "右上腹绞痛及黄疸", "C": "肝穿刺抽出棕褐色脓液", "D": "突发寒战、高热,肝区疼痛,肝肿大"}, "answer": "突发寒战、高热,肝区疼痛,肝肿大", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,60岁,G4P4。近两年来阴道脱出一肿物,逐渐增大。妇科检查:宫颈光滑,屏气用力后宫颈和部分宫体脱出阴道口外,子宫萎缩,双侧附件正常。2.该患者适宜的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "放置子宫托", "B": "经阴道子宫切除术", "C": "Manchestsr手术", "D": "盆底肌肉锻炼"}, "answer": "经阴道子宫切除术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列不属于感知综合障碍的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "视物变形症", "B": "非真实感", "C": "空间知觉障碍", "D": "内感性不适"}, "answer": "内感性不适", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,62岁。突发胸痛5小时,胸痛为持续性,呈刀割痛,向背部和腹部放射,既往有高血压病史30年。查体:左上肢血压170/100mmHg,右上肢血压100/60mmHg,双肺呼吸音清晰,心脏听诊A2大于P2,心电图正常。诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性心包炎", "B": "不稳定型心绞痛", "C": "主动脉夹层", "D": "肋间神经痛"}, "answer": "主动脉夹层", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,18岁学生,不出门怕见人,不去上课,纠缠父母出钱给自己做美容手术半年。原因是半年来反复照镜子发现自己的鼻子比以前变大了,难看了。说班上的同学都讥笑他。出门就感觉别人在说他,别人的眼光看他时很特别,能使他头痛。父母不愿意出钱就说父母不关心他,不是父母亲生的,曾说要去做亲子鉴定2.如给予药物治疗,下述不属于抗精神病药的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氟哌啶醇", "B": "氟西汀", "C": "氯氮平", "D": "三氟拉嗪"}, "answer": "氟西汀", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,26岁。因人际关系问题而寻求心理治疗,被要求分享体验和自己的经验。这一心理治疗的方法属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "行为疗法", "B": "以人为中心疗法", "C": "催眠疗法", "D": "认知疗法"}, "answer": "认知疗法", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.需求者实际利用卫生服务的数量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卫生服务需求", "B": "卫生服务提供", "C": "卫生服务需要", "D": "卫生服务利用"}, "answer": "卫生服务利用", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "哪项是快速进行性肾小球肾炎最具特征的病变?(  )", "options": {"A": "肾小球血管袢坏死", "B": "肾间质炎细胞浸润", "C": "肾血管内膜纤维化", "D": "大量新月体形成"}, "answer": "大量新月体形成", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "临床上,把患者对自己的精神疾病认识和判断能力称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "观察力", "B": "理解力", "C": "想象力", "D": "自知力"}, "answer": "自知力", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "判断肺血栓栓塞患者需要溶栓治疗的主要依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "出现呼吸衰竭", "B": "出现肺动脉高压", "C": "出现右心功能异常", "D": "合并下肢深静脉血栓"}, "answer": "出现右心功能异常", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肉眼血尿伴有凝血块可见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "急进性肾小球肾炎", "B": "急性肾小球肾炎", "C": "慢性肾小球肾炎", "D": "膀胱癌"}, "answer": "膀胱癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "低血糖不良反应较大的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硫酰脲类药物", "B": "格列奈类药物", "C": "糖苷酶抑制剂", "D": "短效胰岛素"}, "answer": "硫酰脲类药物", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.急性风湿热伴有心脏炎有心力衰竭者,经卧床休息后逐渐增加活动量的过程需要(  )。", "options": {"A": "4周", "B": "8周", "C": "2个月", "D": "3个月左右"}, "answer": "3个月左右", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,70岁。急性前壁心肌梗死7小时,就诊时突然心悸,无头晕,查体:BP 100/70mmHg,双肺呼吸音清,心率88次/分,律不齐。心电监测示:频发室性期前收缩。3.患者喘憋进行性加重,意识模糊。查体:BP 70/40mmHg,心电监测提示室性心动过速。该患者最适宜的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉推注胺碘酮", "B": "同步直流电除颤", "C": "非同步直流电除颤", "D": "非同步交流电复律"}, "answer": "同步直流电除颤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.可反映左右心室去极过程的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "P波", "B": "QRS波群", "C": "T波", "D": "P-R间期"}, "answer": "QRS波群", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,65岁。反复反酸、烧心、上腹胀4年,加重1个月。胃镜检查:食管下段见3条纵行黏膜破损,相互融合。目前最主要的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硫糖铝", "B": "铝碳酸镁", "C": "奥美拉唑", "D": "枸橼酸铋钾"}, "answer": "奥美拉唑", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪种疾患应列为骨髓穿刺的禁忌证(  )。", "options": {"A": "白血病", "B": "血友病", "C": "骨髓瘤", "D": "缺铁性贫血"}, "answer": "血友病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,58岁,四肢发硬2年,行走困难、手颤3个月。检查:面具脸,慌张步态。双手节律性静止性震颤。四肢肌张力增高呈齿轮样,无病理反射,其应选用的治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "左旋多巴", "B": "糖皮质激素", "C": "新斯的明", "D": "血管扩张剂"}, "answer": "左旋多巴", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有关急性心肌梗死心肌损伤标记物的描述不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌红蛋白起病后2小时内升高,12小时内达到高峰,24~48小时恢复正常", "B": "肌钙蛋白起病后6小时内升高,5~6天恢复", "C": "CK-MB起病后4小时内升高,16~24小时达到高峰,3~4天恢复", "D": "LDH在起病6~10小时后升高,1~2周内恢复正常"}, "answer": "肌钙蛋白起病后6小时内升高,5~6天恢复", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪一种疾病骨髓巨核细胞减少?(  )", "options": {"A": "缺铁性贫血", "B": "ITP", "C": "急慢性再障", "D": "巨幼细胞贫血"}, "answer": "急慢性再障", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,35岁,反复发作右上腹痛伴寒战、发热4年;3天前再次出现同样症状。查体:体温40.5℃,脉搏130次/min,血压62/46mmHg,嗜睡,巩膜黄染,右上腹压痛及肌紧张,肝区叩痛明显。2.该患者可能出现的血常规化验结果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "白细胞总数升高,中性粒细胞比例下降", "B": "白细胞总数升高,血小板计数下降", "C": "白细胞总数下降,血小板计数升高", "D": "以上都不对"}, "answer": "白细胞总数升高,血小板计数下降", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性胃溃疡的病变部位最常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃后壁", "B": "胃前壁", "C": "胃小弯近幽门窦部", "D": "胃体部"}, "answer": "胃小弯近幽门窦部", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "形成高带耐受的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B细胞", "B": "T细胞和B细胞", "C": "单核细胞", "D": "所有上述因素"}, "answer": "T细胞和B细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列属于小儿的婴儿期的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "自出生后至满1周岁前", "B": "从受精卵形成到胎儿出生", "C": "自1岁到满3周岁之间", "D": "自3周岁至6~7岁入小学前"}, "answer": "自出生后至满1周岁前", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肾上腺皮质激素的免疫调节作用为(  )。", "options": {"A": "只对T细胞产生抑制", "B": "只对树突状细胞产生抑制", "C": "只对Mφ产生抑制", "D": "对所有免疫细胞产生抑制"}, "answer": "对所有免疫细胞产生抑制", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,45岁,四肢无力,站立不稳,进行性加重半年,无外伤史。查体:双下肢肌张力高、腱反射亢进,Hoffmann征(+),Babinski征(+)。1.其诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓型颈椎病", "B": "神经根型颈椎病", "C": "椎动脉型颈椎病", "D": "交感神经型颈椎病"}, "answer": "脊髓型颈椎病", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,55岁。慢性胃炎病史30年。近期体检发现胃幽门螺杆菌感染,胃镜检查:角切迹处可见直径0.5cm的粗糙不平黏膜。超声胃镜示病变位于黏膜内,病理诊断重度异型增生。最适宜的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "根除幽门螺杆菌", "B": "病灶局部切除术", "C": "化疗", "D": "生物治疗"}, "answer": "病灶局部切除术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "高渗脱水患者,其缺水程度为中度,患者缺水量为体重的(  )。", "options": {"A": "2%~4%", "B": "4%~6%", "C": "5%~7%", "D": "6%~8%"}, "answer": "4%~6%", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "52岁脑梗死患者,病后第3天意识不清,血压140/105mmHg,左侧偏瘫,脑压280mmH2O,宜首选的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "扩血管治疗", "B": "降血压治疗", "C": "20%甘露醇静脉点滴", "D": "肝素静脉点滴"}, "answer": "20%甘露醇静脉点滴", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,69岁。发现右乳房肿块1个月。既往有乳腺增生史,曾服用活血化瘀中药治疗。体检:双侧乳房、乳头对称,乳头无凹陷,皮肤无橘皮样改变,右乳外上象限可触及一1cm×1.3cm大肿块,质中等,表面尚光滑,活动。右腋窝可触及肿大的淋巴结,活动度良好。细针穿刺肿块细胞学检查发现癌细胞。1.该患者临床诊断为乳腺癌,其TNM分期为(  )。", "options": {"A": "0期", "B": "Ⅰ期", "C": "Ⅱ期", "D": "Ⅳ期"}, "answer": "Ⅱ期", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,32岁。反复皮肤紫癜1个月,加重并腹痛2天。查体:四肢皮肤散在紫癜,心肺未见异常,腹平软,脐周轻压痛,无反跳痛和肌紧张,肝脾肋下未触及,肠鸣音6次/分。临床诊断为过敏性紫癜。3.该患者目前不适合的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素C", "B": "泼尼松", "C": "芦丁片", "D": "低分子肝素"}, "answer": "低分子肝素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者女性,46岁,反复右上腹胀痛多年,曾查腹部B超提示胆囊多发结石。近1年无明显发作。4.随后最关键的治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "输液、输血", "B": "纠正酸中毒", "C": "营养支持", "D": "急诊胆道减压手术"}, "answer": "急诊胆道减压手术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "病人最常见的情绪反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑郁", "B": "愤怒", "C": "敌意", "D": "焦虑和恐惧"}, "answer": "焦虑和恐惧", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,5岁,于8月中旬发病,高热2小时,抽搐1次,有进不洁食物史,无呕吐、腹泻。查体:面色苍白,意识朦胧,四肢凉,血压70/40mmHg。2.为下一步确诊首选做哪一项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "血常规", "B": "脑脊液检查", "C": "便常规", "D": "血培养"}, "answer": "便常规", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,43岁。右下肢疼痛,行走后加重3年,右小腿疼痛日益加重,时常出现沿表浅静脉走行的局部压痛,硬结,吸烟20余年。最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉瘤", "B": "血栓闭塞性脉管炎", "C": "多发性动脉炎", "D": "动脉硬化性闭塞症"}, "answer": "血栓闭塞性脉管炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.与基因转录启动有关的核苷酸顺序为(  )。", "options": {"A": "增强子", "B": "启动子", "C": "操纵子", "D": "衰减子"}, "answer": "启动子", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一侧面部及对侧躯体痛温觉缺失的病损位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "中脑背盖部", "B": "桥脑背盖部", "C": "延髓背外侧部", "D": "延髓基底部"}, "answer": "延髓背外侧部", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对药物毒性反应叙述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "毒性反应不可避免", "B": "是一种较为严重的药物反应", "C": "其发生与药物选择性低有关", "D": "毒性反应一般不可预知"}, "answer": "是一种较为严重的药物反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,30岁,妊娠34周。血压升高伴头痛1周,抽搐,昏迷3小时,查体;BP 160/11OmmHg,尿蛋白(++),该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子痫", "B": "脑出血", "C": "癔症", "D": "癫痫"}, "answer": "子痫", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "以头顶骨软化为主要表现属于佝偻病的哪一期?(  )", "options": {"A": "初期", "B": "恢复期", "C": "后遗症期", "D": "激期"}, "answer": "激期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,17岁。发热伴乏力,纳差,眼黄、尿黄5天。实验室检查:ALT 860U/L,AST 620U/L,TBiL 60μmol/L。经常在街边小摊进餐。曾注射乙肝疫苗。本患者所患疾病的病原属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "单股负链RNA病毒", "B": "双股RNA病毒", "C": "单股正链RNA病毒", "D": "DNA病毒"}, "answer": "单股正链RNA病毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "多巴胺可用于治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "帕金森综合征", "B": "心源性休克", "C": "过敏性休克", "D": "以上都不能"}, "answer": "心源性休克", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.我国卫生部对轻症肺炎推荐用(  )。", "options": {"A": "红霉素", "B": "庆大霉素", "C": "青霉素", "D": "头孢氨苄"}, "answer": "头孢氨苄", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不能产生肠毒素的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "白喉杆菌", "B": "产气荚膜杆菌", "C": "产毒性大肠杆菌", "D": "霍乱弧菌"}, "answer": "白喉杆菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "蛋白质从细胞外液进入细胞内的方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯扩散", "B": "主动转运", "C": "入胞", "D": "出胞"}, "answer": "入胞", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列属于阴道特征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "产生月经", "B": "孕育胚胎", "C": "性交器官", "D": "内分泌功能"}, "answer": "性交器官", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,34岁,有多年消化性溃疡病史,近半年来未发生瘢痕性幽门梗阻,在出现的临床特点中,哪项不符合实际情况?(  )", "options": {"A": "呕吐量大,多发生于傍晚", "B": "呕吐物中含有食物和胆汁", "C": "呕吐物中有酸臭味和宿食", "D": "消瘦、脱水、低氯低钾性碱中毒"}, "answer": "呕吐物中含有食物和胆汁", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男婴,4个月,冬季出生。近2日经常出现面部、四肢抽动,双眼上翻,每次持续数十秒,1日数次,可自然缓解,发作后玩耍如常,体温正常,母孕期有腿部抽筋病史。1.该患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低血镁症", "B": "维生素D缺乏性手足抽搐症", "C": "甲状旁腺功能减低症", "D": "低血糖症"}, "answer": "维生素D缺乏性手足抽搐症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在小儿支气管肺炎,激素应用的适应证中,应除外(  )。", "options": {"A": "中毒症状明显", "B": "伴有中毒性脑病", "C": "严重咳嗽", "D": "胸膜有渗出"}, "answer": "严重咳嗽", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "原发性与继发性三叉神经痛的鉴别主要依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "疼痛发作的频率", "B": "有无面部痛觉障碍,角膜反射有无改变", "C": "有无触发点或板机点", "D": "疼痛的范围"}, "answer": "有无面部痛觉障碍,角膜反射有无改变", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,38岁,醉酒受凉后次日高热、寒战、胸痛、咳嗽、咳粘黏液痰,量渐增多,并有脓性痰,有臭味,可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性肺脓肿", "B": "血源性肺脓肿", "C": "急性脓气胸", "D": "干酪性肺炎"}, "answer": "原发性肺脓肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.千方百计再植(  )。", "options": {"A": "拇指完全离断", "B": "老人一指多节段断指", "C": "两处以上的断指", "D": "多指断指,仅拇指断指远端无再植条件"}, "answer": "拇指完全离断", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,48岁。患慢性肾炎多年。近2个月来恶心、呕吐。体检:血压20/13kPa(150/98mmHg),血红蛋白65g/L,BUN 15mmol/L,Cr 400μmol/L。3.此时最适饮食治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "普通饮食", "B": "高蛋白饮食", "C": "低蛋白总量高优质蛋白饮食", "D": "高蛋白总量低优质蛋白饮食"}, "answer": "低蛋白总量高优质蛋白饮食", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,68岁,双膝关节疼痛,活动弹响10余年,无关节肿胀,膝关节有骨擦音,X线片示膝关节间隙狭窄,踝间嵴增大,骨赘形成,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "类风湿性关节炎", "B": "骨性关节炎", "C": "骨质疏松症", "D": "腰扭伤"}, "answer": "骨性关节炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于DNA聚合酶的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "需引物RNA", "B": "需模板DNA", "C": "以NTP为原料", "D": "延伸方向为5′→3′"}, "answer": "以NTP为原料", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "可选择放射性核素治疗的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺皮质功能减退症", "B": "原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症", "C": "原发性甲状腺功能亢进症", "D": "原发性甲状腺功能减退症"}, "answer": "原发性甲状腺功能亢进症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女婴,8个月。水样便3天,10余次/日,呕吐3~4次/日,尿量减少。查体:体重8kg,眼窝凹陷,皮肤弹性差,四肢尚暖,血钠125mmol/L。3.第一天补充液体的种类是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2/3张含钠液", "B": "1/4张含钠液", "C": "1/2张含钠液", "D": "等张含钠液"}, "answer": "2/3张含钠液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某男,50岁,右下肢跛行5年,诊断为Raynaud综合征,首选的治疗药物为(  )。", "options": {"A": "间羟胺", "B": "阿拉明", "C": "酚妥拉明", "D": "普萘洛尔"}, "answer": "酚妥拉明", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不符合室性期前收缩的心电图表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "P波与提前出现的QRS波有相关性", "B": "QRS波群宽大畸形", "C": "提前出现的QRS波,主波方向与T波相反", "D": "联律间期恒定"}, "answer": "P波与提前出现的QRS波有相关性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.执拗和一意孤行的人,其意志活动缺乏(  )。", "options": {"A": "自觉性", "B": "坚韧性", "C": "自制性", "D": "独立性"}, "answer": "坚韧性", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.X线显示干骺端圆形边界清楚的透亮区,骨皮质变薄,无骨膜反应的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨囊肿", "B": "骨巨细胞瘤", "C": "骨软骨瘤", "D": "骨肉瘤"}, "answer": "骨囊肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列细菌中,产生的毒素与噬菌体有关的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大肠埃希菌", "B": "军团菌", "C": "流感嗜血杆菌", "D": "白喉棒状杆菌"}, "answer": "白喉棒状杆菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "婴儿腹泻重型与轻型的主要区别点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热、呕吐的程度", "B": "大便蛋花汤样,混有黏液", "C": "大便镜检有大量脂肪球", "D": "有水及电解质紊乱"}, "answer": "有水及电解质紊乱", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.引起生殖器水泡样病变的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋病奈瑟菌", "B": "人乳头瘤病毒", "C": "沙眼衣原体", "D": "单纯疱疹病毒"}, "answer": "单纯疱疹病毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,20岁,被手榴弹炸伤右侧大腿3小时来院。查体:一般情况良好,生命体征平稳,右大腿外侧有6cm×3cm伤口,深达深筋膜表面,无活动性出血,检查无弹片残留,正确的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "彻底清创后,缝合伤口", "B": "彻底清创,切开深筋膜减压", "C": "清洗伤口,消毒、包扎", "D": "彻底清创后,开放伤口引流"}, "answer": "彻底清创,切开深筋膜减压", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "25岁男性,2小时前腕掌侧切割伤,致深、浅屈指肌腱。正中尺神经,尺桡动脉损伤,应采用的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "清创后,吻合尺、桡动脉,其他组织待二期处理", "B": "立即缝合皮肤,其他组织待二期处理", "C": "清创后,吻合尺、桡动脉,并一期修复其他组织", "D": "清创后,吻合桡动脉,结扎尺、动脉,并一期修复其他组织"}, "answer": "清创后,吻合尺、桡动脉,并一期修复其他组织", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,60岁,多饮、多尿2周,嗜睡2天,有脱水表现,血尿素氮42.9mmol/L,血钠150mmol/L,尿酮体阴性,如诊断为高渗性非酮症糖尿病昏迷。3.最可能发生的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "酸中毒昏迷", "B": "低血糖昏迷", "C": "脑水肿", "D": "稀释性低钠血症"}, "answer": "脑水肿", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪一项不是急性戊型肝炎的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "病情较重,尤其重叠感染乙肝病毒", "B": "妊娠合并戊型肝炎者死亡率高", "C": "易发展成慢性肝炎", "D": "经粪-口途径感染"}, "answer": "易发展成慢性肝炎", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心理卫生又称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "心理健康", "B": "心理和谐", "C": "心理调节", "D": "心理平衡"}, "answer": "心理健康", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肿瘤免疫逃逸机制不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "协同刺激分子表达低下", "B": "MHC-Ⅰ类分子表达低下", "C": "表面抗原缺失", "D": "MHC-Ⅱ类分子表达低下"}, "answer": "MHC-Ⅱ类分子表达低下", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "与移植排斥反应有关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞免疫", "B": "补体依赖性细胞毒反应", "C": "IFN-γ的释放", "D": "以上全部都正确"}, "answer": "以上全部都正确", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.继发性肺结核好发于(  )。", "options": {"A": "下叶后基底段", "B": "上叶后段或下叶背段", "C": "上叶尖后段和下叶背段", "D": "中叶"}, "answer": "上叶尖后段和下叶背段", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "针对公众关心的心理问题,在报刊、杂志、电台、电视台进行专题讨论和答疑属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "电话咨询", "B": "信函咨询", "C": "专题咨询", "D": "以上都不正确"}, "answer": "专题咨询", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于雌激素的生理作用的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "促进阴道上皮细胞增生", "B": "促进子宫内膜增生出现分泌期变化", "C": "促进乳腺发育", "D": "高浓度的雌激素有导致水、钠潴留的趋势"}, "answer": "促进子宫内膜增生出现分泌期变化", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,22岁,持续高热6天,颜面出现水肿性皮肤损害,伴膝、踝关节肿痛,下肢浮肿,有散在瘀点。化验:ESR 98mm/h,Hb 76g/L,网织红细胞10%,Coombs试验(+),PLT加×109/L,尿检蛋白(+++),RBC 6~8个/HP。最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性肾炎", "B": "风湿热", "C": "SLE", "D": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血"}, "answer": "SLE", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,男,2岁半,经常反复呼吸道感染,体格检查发现胸骨左缘第2肋间有Ⅱ~Ⅲ级收缩期杂音,无震颤,P2亢进伴固定分裂。胸透示肺门血管增粗,搏动强烈,右心室饱满。ECG示电轴右偏,Vl呈rsR′型,RV115mm。3.哪项治疗措施最佳?(  )", "options": {"A": "可以等到成人期手术", "B": "建议4~5岁时手术修补", "C": "随访至学龄期手术", "D": "增加营养,促使缺损自己闭合"}, "answer": "建议4~5岁时手术修补", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "类上皮细胞来源于(  )。", "options": {"A": "中性粒细胞", "B": "巨噬细胞", "C": "浆细胞", "D": "淋巴细胞"}, "answer": "巨噬细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有肠较窄的机械性肠梗阻临床征象表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "剧烈的阵发性腹痛,肠鸣音亢进", "B": "腹部明显隆起、对称", "C": "腹部X线检查见孤立、突出的胀大肠袢,随时间而改变位置", "D": "有明显腹膜刺激征"}, "answer": "有明显腹膜刺激征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "与自身免疫性疾病发生无关的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "隐蔽抗原释放", "B": "交叉抗原或分子模拟", "C": "免疫球蛋白类别转换", "D": "多克隆T细胞活化"}, "answer": "免疫球蛋白类别转换", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "6岁女孩,浮肿4天伴少尿、茶色尿入院。双眼睑下肢明显水肿,烦躁,呼吸急促,心率120次/分,两肺底可闻及中小湿性啰音,腹平,肝脏肋下2cm,血压118/80mmHg,尿常规:蛋白(+)红细胞20~25个/高倍视野。1.目前最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肺炎合并心力衰竭", "B": "原发性肾病综合征", "C": "急性肾炎并高血压脑病", "D": "急性肾炎并发严重循环充血"}, "answer": "急性肾炎并发严重循环充血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,2岁,多次患肺炎,胸片示:肺纹理增强,左心房、左心室增大,主动脉影增宽,应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "动脉导管未闭", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "艾森曼格综合症"}, "answer": "动脉导管未闭", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿5岁,2个月前确诊为风湿热,近日又开始不规则发热,为了确定是否为风湿活动,医生做了下述一些检查,请找出与风湿活动不相关的指标(  )。", "options": {"A": "C反应蛋白增高", "B": "抗链“O”>500U", "C": "血常规白细胞数增高,血红蛋白降低", "D": "心电P-R间期延长"}, "answer": "抗链“O”>500U", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "6个月女婴,4月份入院,发热2天。体温38.0℃,咳嗽有痰,1天来惊厥4~5次,发作时两眼上窜,四肢抽动,持续1~2min,抽后神志清。体检:一般情况好,前囟2.5cm×2.5cm,平坦,枕骨按之有乒乓球感,双肺有中、小水泡音。2.以下哪项化验结果是直接导致患儿惊厥的原因?(  )", "options": {"A": "血钙1.87mmol/L(7.5mg/dl)", "B": "血磷2.25mmol/L(7mg/dl)", "C": "碱性磷酸酶200U", "D": "血清钙离子0.88mmol/L(3.5mg/dl)"}, "answer": "血清钙离子0.88mmol/L(3.5mg/dl)", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性患者,52岁,有冠心病史,因急性阑尾炎拟行急诊手术。血压160/90mmHg(17/12kPa),脉搏45次/分,术前准备可选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "西地兰0.4mg加入25%葡萄糖溶液20ml,静脉缓推", "B": "硝酸甘油5mg加入5%葡萄糖溶液500ml,静脉点滴", "C": "阿托品0.5mg术前皮下注射", "D": "地高辛0.25mg,每日1~2次口服"}, "answer": "阿托品0.5mg术前皮下注射", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "属于纤溶异常的实验室检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血vWF测定", "B": "血栓素B2测定", "C": "血FDP测定", "D": "血PC测定"}, "answer": "血FDP测定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.突出体现医德义务作用的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "一位急诊病人被送到医院,因其满身血污,其他病人及其家属见了忙掩鼻躲开,而应诊医护人员则顾不得脏不脏,出于责任心赶紧给病人做检查和处置", "B": "某科室常常针对所要解决的医德医风问题向住院病人做出改善服务的承诺", "C": "在病人及其家属的一再恳求下,某手术组决心为一高龄病人做心脏手术,但手术前这个手术组提出必须先去做公证", "D": "医师保证不泄露病人隐私,终于使病人放心地述说了全部病情信息"}, "answer": "某科室常常针对所要解决的医德医风问题向住院病人做出改善服务的承诺", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "磺胺药抗菌机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制二氢叶酸还原酶", "B": "抑制DNA螺旋酶", "C": "抑制二氢叶酸合成酶", "D": "改变膜通透性"}, "answer": "抑制二氢叶酸合成酶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "蛋白激酶的作用是使(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋白质或酶脱磷酸", "B": "蛋白质或酶磷酸化", "C": "蛋白质水解", "D": "酶降解失活"}, "answer": "蛋白质或酶磷酸化", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一氧化碳中毒现场急救首先采取的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸氧", "B": "就地心肺复苏", "C": "清洗皮肤", "D": "撤离现场"}, "answer": "撤离现场", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在免疫应答过程中,巨噬细胞(  )。", "options": {"A": "产生抗体", "B": "表达TCR", "C": "产生细胞因子", "D": "表达CD3分子"}, "answer": "产生细胞因子", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列甲状腺疾病中不容易恶变的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "青春期疾病甲状腺肿", "B": "结节性甲状腺肿", "C": "桥本病", "D": "甲状腺腺瘤"}, "answer": "青春期疾病甲状腺肿", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "夹闭一侧家兔颈总动脉引起全身动脉血压升高,其原因主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血管容积减少,相对循环血量增多", "B": "颈动脉窦受到牵拉刺激", "C": "颈动脉窦内压力降低", "D": "颈动脉体内压力降低"}, "answer": "颈动脉窦内压力降低", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "营养性缺铁性贫血实验室检查中下列哪一项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "红细胞游离原卟啉>500μg/L", "B": "血清铁蛋白<121μg/L", "C": "血清铁<50-601μg/dl", "D": "血清总铁结合力<350μg/dl"}, "answer": "血清总铁结合力<350μg/dl", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "刺激胃液分泌的重要物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素", "B": "组胺", "C": "促胰液素", "D": "抑胃肽"}, "answer": "组胺", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "百白破的初种年龄应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2个月", "B": "3个月", "C": "10个月", "D": "12个月"}, "answer": "3个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,3岁。自幼呼吸较急促,消瘦,乏力,常患呼吸道感染。剧烈哭吵时,唇周青紫,体检胸骨左缘第3~4肋间可闻及3~4级粗糙的收缩期杂音,X线检查左右心室增大,肺动脉段突出,可见肺门“舞蹈”征,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "肺动脉狭窄", "D": "法洛四联症"}, "answer": "室间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿女,4岁,体检发现左上腹有鸡蛋大包块、质硬,随呼吸上下移动,应首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾结核", "B": "脾大", "C": "肾母细胞瘤", "D": "肾结石"}, "answer": "肾母细胞瘤", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "10个月婴儿患佝偻病(激期),其特征性表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "易激惹", "B": "睡眠不安", "C": "多汗、枕秃", "D": "方颅"}, "answer": "方颅", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "胰腺癌与胆总管结石的主要鉴别点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "进行性黄疸", "B": "肝功能改变", "C": "胆囊肿大", "D": "皮肤瘙痒"}, "answer": "进行性黄疸", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.压迫性萎缩(  )。", "options": {"A": "老年性骨骼、脑组织的萎缩", "B": "肾盂积水所致肾萎缩", "C": "脑缺血引起脑萎缩", "D": "垂体功能低下引起肾上腺萎缩"}, "answer": "肾盂积水所致肾萎缩", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "普鲁卡因不宜用于哪一种麻醉?(  )", "options": {"A": "表面麻醉", "B": "硬膜外麻醉", "C": "传导麻醉", "D": "蛛网膜下腔麻醉"}, "answer": "表面麻醉", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,50岁。2年来反复发作胸骨后疼痛,发作和劳累关系不大,常在凌晨5时发作。发作时含硝酸甘油可缓解。平时心电图示:I、aVL导联ST段水平压低0.05mV,发作时心电图Ⅰ、aVL导联ST段一过性抬高。2.若发生心肌梗死,最可能的梗死部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "前间壁心肌梗死", "B": "下壁心肌梗死", "C": "高侧壁心肌梗死", "D": "右室梗死"}, "answer": "高侧壁心肌梗死", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,50岁,呕吐、腹泻2天,意识模糊、烦躁不安半天急诊入院。查体:BP 110/70mmHg,神志恍惚,巩膜中度黄染,颈部可见数枚蜘蛛痣。心肺未见异常,腹软,肝肋下未触及,脾肋下3cm,双上肢散在出血点,Hb 90g/L,WBC 3.22×109/L,血糖7.0mmol/L,尿糖(+),尿酮(-),尿镜检(-)。4.对此患者的治疗,下列各项中不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "禁食蛋白质", "B": "口服乳果糖", "C": "静滴精氨酸", "D": "肥皂水灌肠"}, "answer": "肥皂水灌肠", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,46岁。因直肠癌入院。癌肿距离肛缘5cm,大小为2cm×1cm。拟行手术治疗,患者强烈要求保留肛门。该患者保肛的病理依据是癌肿(  )。", "options": {"A": "周围淋巴结状况", "B": "浸润肠壁的深度", "C": "向下的纵向浸润范围", "D": "组织学分类"}, "answer": "向下的纵向浸润范围", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "初产妇,平素月经规律,妊娠42周多3天。检查;LOA,胎头已入盆;B超检查提示胎头双顶径9.1cm,羊水暗区3.2cm;NST无反应。宫颈Bioshop评分8分,胎心140次/min。1.下一步应进行的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "OCT试验", "B": "卵磷酯/鞘磷脂比值检测", "C": "胎儿纤维连接蛋白检测", "D": "宫颈成熟度检测"}, "answer": "OCT试验", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,31岁,右侧甲状腺单发结节3个月,生长较快,近一周出现声音嘶哑,ECT检查显示右侧甲状腺“冷结节”。2.如未能确诊,拟行手术,应采用何种术式?(  )", "options": {"A": "结节切除术", "B": "患侧腺体全切", "C": "颈部淋巴结清扫", "D": "患侧腺体大部切除加冰冻切片检查"}, "answer": "患侧腺体大部切除加冰冻切片检查", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "与细菌致病性无关的结构是(  )。", "options": {"A": "荚膜", "B": "菌毛", "C": "异染颗粒", "D": "磷壁酸"}, "answer": "异染颗粒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一般情况下法定传染病报告人不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "疾病预防控制机构的医师", "B": "出入境检验检疫工作人员", "C": "医疗机构的就诊者", "D": "血站的护士"}, "answer": "医疗机构的就诊者", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "治疗要获得病人的知情同意,其道德价值不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "保护患者自主权", "B": "维持社会公正", "C": "解脱医生责任", "D": "保证医疗质量"}, "answer": "解脱医生责任", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "40岁经产妇,近2年痛经并逐渐加重,伴经量增多及经期延长,届时需服强镇痛药。妇科检查:子宫均匀增大如孕8周,质硬,有压痛,经期压痛明显。1.本例确诊后的处置应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "镇痛药物治疗", "B": "性激素治疗", "C": "化学药物治疗", "D": "手术治疗"}, "answer": "手术治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肿瘤组织分化的程度越高(  )。", "options": {"A": "越早发生组织坏死", "B": "转移较早", "C": "预后越差", "D": "异型性越小"}, "answer": "异型性越小", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某单位发生了症状以呕吐为主、腹泻为次的食物中毒,防疫站检查食品等处未培养出肠道致病菌,而在炊事员手上查出了化脓感染灶。试问致病菌可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "产气荚膜杆菌", "B": "鼠伤寒沙门菌", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "D": "副溶血弧菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有五个不同职业人群的冠心病患病率资料,若比较职业不同患病率是否相同。1.统计学检验的无效假设应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "H0:p1=p2=p3=p4=p5", "B": "H0:π1=π2≠π3=π4=π5", "C": "H0:π1≠π2≠π3≠π4≠π5", "D": "H0:π1=π2=π3=π4=π5"}, "answer": "H0:π1=π2=π3=π4=π5", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "评价肺通气功能较好的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "潮气量", "B": "肺活量", "C": "用力肺活量", "D": "肺扩散容量"}, "answer": "用力肺活量", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "异长调节是指心脏的每搏输出量取决于(  )。", "options": {"A": "平均动脉压", "B": "心率贮备", "C": "心力贮备", "D": "心室舒张末期容积"}, "answer": "心室舒张末期容积", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "受Ts细胞抑制的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单核细胞、中性粒细胞", "B": "B淋巴细胞、NK细胞", "C": "T淋巴细胞、血管内皮细胞", "D": "T淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞"}, "answer": "T淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "阻塞性肺气肿最基本的发病机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺泡间血流减少", "B": "α1-AT缺乏", "C": "分泌物所致单向活瓣作用", "D": "支气管炎症致细支气管不完全阻塞"}, "answer": "支气管炎症致细支气管不完全阻塞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女孩,12岁,身材矮小,且比例不匀称,伴智力低下,测其身高及上部量。1.上部量指测量(  )。", "options": {"A": "头顶至耻骨联合上缘的距离", "B": "头顶至耻骨联合中点的距离", "C": "头顶至坐骨结节的距离", "D": "头顶至耻骨联合下缘的距离"}, "answer": "头顶至耻骨联合上缘的距离", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "治疗急性肾炎伴中度高血压时,首选降压药为(  )。", "options": {"A": "二氮嗪", "B": "硫酸镁", "C": "硝苯地平", "D": "以上均不是"}, "answer": "硝苯地平", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.黏膜大量浆液渗出属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "脓肿", "B": "卡他性炎", "C": "纤维素性炎", "D": "积脓"}, "answer": "卡他性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "31岁,患者,12月末发病,头痛、发热、恶心、呕吐、腰痛4天,查体:面色潮红,结膜充血,腋下可见点状出血。化验:白细胞15×109/L,中性粒细胞0.72,淋巴细胞0.2,异淋巴细胞0.08,尿蛋白(+++)。已确诊为肾综合征出血热。2.下述诸项中哪一项是肾综合征出血热特征性改变?(  )", "options": {"A": "血尿的情况", "B": "热退后症状加重", "C": "贫血程度", "D": "颅内压力"}, "answer": "热退后症状加重", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.颅内肿瘤的诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑电图", "B": "脑血管造影", "C": "CT", "D": "MRI"}, "answer": "CT", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "胃大部分切除术后,由于胃酸分泌减少会引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "缺铁性贫血", "B": "巨幼细胞贫血", "C": "脂肪泻", "D": "倾倒综合征"}, "answer": "脂肪泻", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "5个月婴儿,体重6kg,每日需喂8%糖牛奶量及额外供给温水量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "牛奶量为550ml,水为200ml", "B": "牛奶量为440ml,除牛奶外尚需给水60ml", "C": "牛奶量为660ml,水为240ml", "D": "牛奶量为880ml,水为320ml"}, "answer": "牛奶量为660ml,水为240ml", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.密码子之间不重叠使用核苷酸,无核苷酸间隔,这称为密码子的(  )。", "options": {"A": "简并性", "B": "方向性", "C": "通用性", "D": "连续性"}, "answer": "连续性", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,18岁,学生。咳嗽、发热1月余,多为干咳,下午3时发热,体温38.0℃,可自行退热,无咯血。发病以来体重下降3kg。胸部X线片:有肺门处可见密度增高的团块影。“青霉素”治疗半月未见好转。查体:T 37.3℃,消瘦,双肺未闻及干湿啰音。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺门淋巴结结核", "B": "右肺脓肿", "C": "肺部真菌感染", "D": "淋巴瘤"}, "answer": "肺门淋巴结结核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "顽固性心力衰竭的最关键治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏移植", "B": "静脉滴注血管扩张剂", "C": "寻找并纠正可能的原因", "D": "静脉注射利尿剂"}, "answer": "寻找并纠正可能的原因", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "鉴别血尿与血红蛋白屎的主要手段是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿潜血检查", "B": "尿三杯试验", "C": "尿胆原", "D": "尿沉渣检查"}, "answer": "尿沉渣检查", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,42岁,近一个月来在刷牙时常出现右上牙部及右面部疼痛,每次持续5~6秒钟,神经系统检查无阳性体征。1.首先考虑的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "牙痛", "B": "三叉神经痛", "C": "颞颌关节病", "D": "单纯感觉性发作(癫痫)"}, "answer": "三叉神经痛", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,35岁,黄疸、贫血伴关节酸痛3个月。查体:巩膜黄染,脾肋下2cm。血红蛋白589/L,白细胞5×109/L,血小板110×109/L,网织红细胞计数0.25,外周血涂片成熟红细胞形态正常,尿隐血试验阴性。无家族史。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性黄疸性肝炎", "B": "急性白血病", "C": "溶血性贫血", "D": "风湿性关节炎"}, "answer": "溶血性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "谵妄时最多见的幻觉是(  )。", "options": {"A": "听幻觉", "B": "视幻觉", "C": "味幻觉", "D": "嗅幻觉"}, "answer": "视幻觉", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有一病人两天前突然感冒,出现发热、寒战,呼吸困难,今天有咳嗽,痰为红色带铁锈样外观,叩诊肺有一大叶实变,该病人病变性质可能为何种病变?(  )", "options": {"A": "浆液性炎", "B": "化脓性炎", "C": "出血性炎", "D": "纤维素性炎"}, "answer": "纤维素性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医护人员或专门人员将受血者血样与输血申请单送交输血科应由谁逐项核对?(  )", "options": {"A": "输血科人员", "B": "医护人员与输血科双方", "C": "患者或家属", "D": "科主任"}, "answer": "医护人员与输血科双方", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.上述哪项起递呈Ag的作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "Th1", "B": "Th2", "C": "NK", "D": "Mφ"}, "answer": "Mφ", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,45岁。发热、咳脓痰1周,胸部X线片示右下叶背段浸润阴影。用头孢呋辛治疗,体温稍下降,但痰量增多,为脓血痰,有臭味。1周后复查胸部X线片示:大片浸润阴影中出现空洞。2.治疗2周后,患者临床症状明显改善,胸部X线片示空洞缩小。抗感染的总疗程应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "8~12周", "B": "6~8周", "C": "2~4周", "D": "7~10周"}, "answer": "8~12周", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是可导致硬性下疳的病原体?(  )", "options": {"A": "淋病奈瑟菌", "B": "溶脲脲原体", "C": "梅毒螺旋体", "D": "人乳头瘤病毒"}, "answer": "梅毒螺旋体", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,65岁。常规体检发现脾左肋下5cm。化验:Hb 135g/L,WBC 117×109/L,分类中幼粒细胞5%,晚幼粒细胞12%,杆状核细胞22%,分叶中性粒细胞34%,嗜酸性粒细胞5%,嗜碱性粒细胞14%,淋巴细胞14%,PLT 560×109/L,NAP(-)。1.为确定诊断,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部CT", "B": "腹部B超", "C": "血免疫球蛋白", "D": "骨髓检查"}, "answer": "骨髓检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "目前我国提倡的活体供体器官获取的方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "推定同意", "B": "自愿捐献", "C": "家属决定", "D": "医生强制"}, "answer": "自愿捐献", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "蛋白质-能量营养不良主要见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "1岁以下婴儿", "B": "3岁以下小儿", "C": "3岁以上小儿", "D": "5岁以下小儿"}, "answer": "3岁以下小儿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪种依赖药物在停药12~24h内即出现戒断症状,2~3天达高峰?(  )", "options": {"A": "巴比妥类", "B": "苯丙胺类", "C": "吗啡", "D": "海洛因"}, "answer": "巴比妥类", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列不符合低钾血症临床表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌无力,腱反射减退", "B": "腹胀,肠麻痹", "C": "代谢性碱中毒", "D": "尿量少,呈碱性"}, "answer": "尿量少,呈碱性", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,62岁。腹痛、腹胀、乏力半年、腹部隐痛阵发性发作,无恶心、呕吐。查体:T 36.5℃,P 88次/分,R 22次/分,BP 120/80mmHg,贫血貌,浅表淋巴结无肿大,巩膜无黄染,双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿啰音,心率88次/分,心律齐,腹软,未见肠型,右下腹可触及一活动性包块。实验室检查:血常规示Hb 90g/L,WBC 9.5×109/L,PLT 195×109/L,肝功能正常,CEA 20ug/L。粪隐血实验阳性。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "回盲部结核", "B": "克罗恩病", "C": "溃疡性结肠炎", "D": "回盲部肿瘤"}, "answer": "回盲部肿瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "伸直型肱骨髁上骨折,常见的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血管神经损伤", "B": "肱骨下端缺血性坏死", "C": "脂肪栓塞", "D": "损伤性休克"}, "answer": "血管神经损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对哮喘持续状态的处理哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "补液纠正酸中毒", "B": "糖皮质激素类静脉滴注", "C": "支气管扩张剂", "D": "脱敏疗法"}, "answer": "脱敏疗法", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "40岁男性,腰痛伴右下肢放射痛2个月,反复发作,与劳累有关,咳嗽,用力排便时可加重疼痛。查体右直腿抬高试验40°阳性,加强试验阳性,X线片示:腰4~5椎间隙变窄。3.其右下肢麻木的区域可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "小腿外侧或足背", "B": "小腿前内侧", "C": "小腿后侧及足底", "D": "臀部及大腿后侧"}, "answer": "小腿外侧或足背", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.遵循小儿发育的规律出生时、1岁、2岁时身长分别是(  )。", "options": {"A": "3kg、7kg、9kg", "B": "50cm、75cm、85cm", "C": "2kg、5kg、10kg", "D": "30cm、50cm、70cm"}, "answer": "50cm、75cm、85cm", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于垂体瘤的描述中,哪一项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "垂体瘤90%为良性肿瘤", "B": "如分泌生长激素过多可引起肢端肥大症", "C": "如一垂体瘤直径为8cm,应称之为微小腺瘤", "D": "如分泌催乳素过多可引起乳溢、闭经综合征和阳痿"}, "answer": "如一垂体瘤直径为8cm,应称之为微小腺瘤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于p53基因的描述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "p53基因是抑癌基因", "B": "p53基因与结肠癌、肺癌等有关", "C": "p53基因异常方式就是点突变", "D": "p53蛋白被称为是“分子警察”"}, "answer": "p53基因异常方式就是点突变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "Rh阳性是指红细胞膜上含有(  )。", "options": {"A": "E抗原", "B": "C抗原", "C": "A抗原", "D": "D抗原"}, "answer": "D抗原", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "孕妇于某经产前检查,诊断出胎儿有严重缺陷。2.做出该产前诊断后,医师应当向夫妻双方说明情况并提出下列医学意见(  )。", "options": {"A": "终止妊娠", "B": "采取各种有效措施保证母子健康", "C": "定期严密观察", "D": "施行结扎手术不生育"}, "answer": "终止妊娠", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于真核细胞DNA聚合酶α活性的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "具有核酸酶活性", "B": "合成前导链", "C": "具有引物酶活性,它能合成10个核苷酸左右的RNA", "D": "底物是NTP"}, "answer": "具有引物酶活性,它能合成10个核苷酸左右的RNA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "长期饥饿时糖异生的生理意义之一是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有利于必需氨基酸合成", "B": "有利于排钠保钾", "C": "有利于脂酸合成", "D": "有利于补充血糖"}, "answer": "有利于补充血糖", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "初步将志贺菌从肠道杆菌中鉴定出来的生化反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "菊糖发酵试验", "B": "尿素分解试验", "C": "胆汁溶解试验", "D": "双糖铁培养基接种试验"}, "answer": "双糖铁培养基接种试验", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.与肺炎链球菌致病性密切相关的细菌结构是(  )。", "options": {"A": "荚膜", "B": "质粒", "C": "普通菌毛", "D": "鞭毛"}, "answer": "荚膜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.肠结核的主要感染途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "经口", "B": "经淋巴管道", "C": "经血液循环", "D": "腰椎病变直接蔓延"}, "answer": "经口", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,28岁。平时表现出有强烈的时间紧迫感,工作速度快,好胜心强,雄心勃勃,脾气急躁。此人行为属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "A型行为", "B": "B型行为", "C": "D型行为", "D": "E型行为"}, "answer": "A型行为", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,33岁。右下肢浅静脉迁曲扩张,长期不予处理,并发症不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤萎缩", "B": "皮肤和皮下硬结", "C": "色素沉着", "D": "足趾坏死"}, "answer": "足趾坏死", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于消化性溃疡并发出血的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃溃疡一般比十二指肠溃疡容易发生", "B": "一般出血50~100mL即可出现黑便", "C": "出血超过500mL时就可引起循环障碍", "D": "第一次出血后很少复发"}, "answer": "一般出血50~100mL即可出现黑便", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,35岁,2年前曾患有结核性脑膜炎,近半月来头痛,复视,左眼睁不开。查体:脑膜刺激征阳性,左眼睑下垂,左瞳孔散大,直接及间接对光反射消失,左眼球处于外下斜位,向上下内活动不能,该患者的病变神经是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右动眼神经", "B": "左视神经", "C": "左动眼神经", "D": "右展神经"}, "answer": "左动眼神经", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "新生儿神经系统反射,下列哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "觅食反射阳性", "B": "克氏征阳性", "C": "拥抱反射阳性", "D": "腹壁反射稳定"}, "answer": "腹壁反射稳定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "细菌性阴道炎的诊断标准不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "脓性泡沫白带", "B": "匀质、稀薄、灰白色阴道分泌物", "C": "阴道分泌物pH值>4.5", "D": "胺臭味试验阳性"}, "answer": "脓性泡沫白带", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "青年男性,近半年来逐渐出现生活懒散,不愿工作,神情呆滞,有时暗自发笑,有时叹气,说听到鸟叫的声音或火车鸣笛声。2.若病人半年前,有头部撞击史,应最先做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血液生化检查", "B": "超检查", "C": "头颅CT扫描", "D": "颅骨X线摄片"}, "answer": "头颅CT扫描", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "伴有潜在性糖尿病的高血压患者,不宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "哌唑嗪", "B": "氢氯噻嗪", "C": "硝苯地平", "D": "尼莫地平"}, "answer": "氢氯噻嗪", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "骨与关节结核的表现,下述哪一项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "常形成窦道", "B": "常形成流注脓肿", "C": "寒性脓肿不会穿破肠管、膀胱等空腔脏器", "D": "关节结核可出现梭形肿胀"}, "answer": "寒性脓肿不会穿破肠管、膀胱等空腔脏器", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "颅底骨折引起的脑脊液漏的手术指征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "经久不愈长达2个月以上者", "B": "经久不愈长达2周以上者", "C": "经久不愈长达4周以上者", "D": "经久不愈长达4个月以上者"}, "answer": "经久不愈长达4周以上者", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,27岁,肥胖、头痛伴闭经1年半,查体:BP180/110mmHg,向心性肥胖,满月脸,皮肤薄,有痤疮,腹壁有宽大紫纹,下肢胫前可凹性水肿。为明确库欣综合征,应做以下哪种检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "小剂量地塞米松抑制试验", "B": "尿游离氢化可的松", "C": "血氢化可的松昼夜节律", "D": "血浆氢化可的松"}, "answer": "尿游离氢化可的松", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男孩,3岁,自幼人工喂养,食欲极差,有时腹泻。身高85cm,体重7500g,皮肤干燥、苍白,腹部皮下脂肪厚度约0.3cm,脉搏缓慢,心音较低钝。1.其主要诊断应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症", "B": "婴幼儿腹泻", "C": "营养不良", "D": "心功能不全"}, "answer": "营养不良", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,68岁。间断性下腹痛、腹泻6个月,乏力、面色苍白2个月。查体:右下腹压痛,可触及4cm×2cm边界欠清的包块,质地硬,轻压痛。Hb 86g/L。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性细菌性痢疾", "B": "肠结核", "C": "克罗恩病", "D": "结肠癌"}, "answer": "结肠癌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,72岁。排便时突然跌倒,意识丧失,呼吸断续,有陈旧心肌梗死和糖尿病病史,无高血压病史,诊断为心搏骤停。3.最佳的给药途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉注射", "B": "心内注射", "C": "肌内注射", "D": "皮下注射"}, "answer": "静脉注射", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者感到他的思维或行为被某种神秘的力量或仪器所控制属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "疑病妄想", "B": "夸大妄想", "C": "钟情妄想", "D": "物理影响妄想"}, "answer": "物理影响妄想", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,18岁,近两周时常听到声音说:“你完了,小心点”,为此紧张,恐惧,不愿出门,认为街上有人跟踪、监视并对她不利。这种症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "幻听", "B": "被控制妄想", "C": "罪恶妄想", "D": "幻觉妄想状态"}, "answer": "幻觉妄想状态", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于妊娠期生殖系统的变化,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卵泡发育及排卵活跃,可见多个卵细胞形成", "B": "子宫峡部在妊娠晚期开始变软并延长", "C": "阴道皱襞增多,伸展性增加", "D": "宫颈管内的腺体肥大增生并黏液减少"}, "answer": "阴道皱襞增多,伸展性增加", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "初孕妇,26岁。妊娠36周,恶心、呕吐进行性加重5天,血丙氨酸氨基转移酶及血清胆红素明显增高,乙肝表面抗原(+)。该患者最佳的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卧床休息,口服保肝药物,继续妊娠", "B": "隔离,保肝治疗,继续妊娠,密切观察", "C": "立即行剖宫产", "D": "积极治疗24小时后终止妊娠"}, "answer": "积极治疗24小时后终止妊娠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在下列方法中,属于精神分析治疗常用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "厌恶治疗", "B": "患者中心", "C": "催眠治疗", "D": "自由联想"}, "answer": "自由联想", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下面各项哪一项不是溃疡性结肠炎并发中毒性巨结肠的常见诱因?(  )", "options": {"A": "低血钾", "B": "低血钙", "C": "全结肠镜检查", "D": "钡灌肠"}, "answer": "低血钙", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一个5岁男孩,低热、颈痛数月,检查颈部旋转受限,X侧位片可见寰椎向前脱位,咽后壁增宽,其诊断最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "外伤性寰椎脱位", "B": "咽后壁脓肿", "C": "寰枢椎结核", "D": "寰枢椎畸形"}, "answer": "寰枢椎结核", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "糖皮质激素(  )。", "options": {"A": "可直接中和细菌内毒素和细菌外毒素", "B": "小剂量抑制体液免疫,大剂量抑制细胞免疫", "C": "抑制胃酸分泌,促进胃黏液分泌", "D": "能兴奋中枢,出现欣快、激动等,甚至可诱发精神病"}, "answer": "能兴奋中枢,出现欣快、激动等,甚至可诱发精神病", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,37岁。多食,易饥,大便次数增多,体重下降3个月,发作性软瘫1天。查体:P110次/分,BP 150/60mmHg,体型中等,匀称,皮肤潮湿。血钾3.0mmol/L。2.该患者血钾降低的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "出汗排钾增多", "B": "腹泻排钾增多", "C": "细胞内外钾分布异常", "D": "尿钾排出增多"}, "answer": "细胞内外钾分布异常", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者男性,20岁,烧伤10min来院,神志清楚,面色苍白,右大腿外侧可见3cm长创口,无出血,肢体无反常活动,血压12.0/8.00kPa(90/60mmHg),脉搏122/min,呼吸28/min。病人自觉腹胀,排气一次,急诊处置中不恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右大腿X线摄片检查", "B": "腹部超声检查", "C": "建立静脉输液通道", "D": "立位胸腹部透视检查"}, "answer": "右大腿X线摄片检查", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.肠外置造口术(  )。", "options": {"A": "脾破裂", "B": "胰腺挫裂伤", "C": "十二指肠断裂", "D": "广泛结肠破裂"}, "answer": "广泛结肠破裂", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.供应成熟红细胞能量的主要代谢途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖酵解", "B": "2,3-二磷酸甘油酸旁路", "C": "糖异生", "D": "磷酸戊糖途径"}, "answer": "糖酵解", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对肾综合征出血热来说,下述哪项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "野生鼠类是主要传染源", "B": "病原体是RNA病毒", "C": "可经呼吸道传播", "D": "每年7~9月份为流行高峰"}, "answer": "每年7~9月份为流行高峰", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于小儿脊髓发育,以下正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎儿的脊髓发育相对较成熟", "B": "脊髓随年龄而增长,加长", "C": "4岁时上移至第1腰椎", "D": "以上均正确"}, "answer": "以上均正确", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,55岁。左乳房包块半年。乳房无不适,有时感左肩背部隐痛。查体:双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心律齐,腹软,无压痛。左乳房外上象限可触及3cm×2cm包块,质硬,不光滑,活动,无压痛。左腋窝触及3枚肿大淋巴结。乳腺钼靶摄片:左乳房2.5cm×2.0cm高密度影,周边有毛刺,中央有细沙样钙化点。1.拟行手术治疗,预防术后感染最重要的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "安置有效的术后引流", "B": "遵守无菌操作", "C": "缝合前彻底冲洗", "D": "术前纠正贫血和低蛋白血症"}, "answer": "遵守无菌操作", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性感染性心内膜炎最常见的致病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "草绿色链球菌", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "C": "淋球菌", "D": "肠球菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不属于咯血特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "出血前胸闷", "B": "咳嗽后咯出鲜红色血", "C": "鲜血经酸碱测定呈酸性", "D": "咯血后3天痰中仍带血"}, "answer": "鲜血经酸碱测定呈酸性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于结核性胸膜炎特点的描述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "起病多缓慢", "B": "多见于中青年", "C": "X线胸片可呈肋膈角消失或外高内低影", "D": "X线胸片除胸水影外,还应有肺内结核灶"}, "answer": "X线胸片除胸水影外,还应有肺内结核灶", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,69岁。高血压冠心病病史12年。因发作性言语不能、右侧肢体麻木无力5天入院,共发作4次,每次持续约5~10分钟可自行缓解。入院时查体:血压170/90mmHg,神经系统无阳性定位体征。1.如在病情发作时查体很可能发现的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "双眼向右共同偏视", "B": "交叉性感觉障碍", "C": "眼球震颤", "D": "右侧病理反射阳性"}, "answer": "右侧病理反射阳性", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "羊水过多是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "妊娠晚期羊水量少于300ml", "B": "任何时期羊水量超过2000ml", "C": "足月妊娠时的羊水量为800ml", "D": "任何时期羊水量超过1000ml"}, "answer": "任何时期羊水量超过2000ml", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "判断烧伤创面深度的主要依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "创面有无水泡", "B": "创面疼痛情况", "C": "创面渗出情况", "D": "创面残存上皮的有无和多少"}, "answer": "创面残存上皮的有无和多少", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "结核病的变态反应属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅰ型", "B": "Ⅲ型", "C": "Ⅳ型", "D": "Ⅴ型"}, "answer": "Ⅳ型", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于结合酶的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "辅酶决定酶的专一性", "B": "辅酶与酶蛋白结合才具有酶活性", "C": "酶与辅酶多以共价键结合", "D": "体内大多数脂溶性维生素转变为辅酶"}, "answer": "辅酶与酶蛋白结合才具有酶活性", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "位于后纵隔脊柱旁肋脊区内最常见的纵隔肿瘤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心包囊肿", "B": "胸腺瘤", "C": "神经源性肿瘤", "D": "胸内甲状腺"}, "answer": "神经源性肿瘤", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.感染性多发性神经根神经炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "不对称性迟缓性瘫痪,有感觉障碍", "B": "对称性迟缓性瘫痪,有感觉障碍", "C": "对称性迟缓性瘫痪,无感觉障碍", "D": "痉挛性瘫痪"}, "answer": "对称性迟缓性瘫痪,有感觉障碍", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,66岁。2小时前跌倒时手掌着地受伤。查体:右腕明显肿胀,压痛(+),侧面观呈“银叉样”畸形。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Galeazzi骨折", "B": "Colles骨折", "C": "Chance骨折", "D": "Smith骨折"}, "answer": "Colles骨折", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "膜性增生性肾小球肾炎的病理变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内皮细胞及系膜细胞增生", "B": "GBM增厚,钉突形成", "C": "系膜增生,系膜基质增多", "D": "系膜增生,GBM增厚呈双轨状"}, "answer": "系膜增生,GBM增厚呈双轨状", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.肾小球系膜细胞增生和基底膜增厚(  )。", "options": {"A": "膜性肾小球肾炎", "B": "新月体性肾小球肾炎", "C": "膜性增生性肾小球肾炎", "D": "系膜增生性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "膜性增生性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.病毒性脑膜炎脑脊液检查往往是(  )。", "options": {"A": "外观清亮的", "B": "外观呈毛玻璃样", "C": "墨汁染色", "D": "脑脊液白细胞数为数百至数千"}, "answer": "外观清亮的", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "行胃大部切除的患者不会发生的功能变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "铁的吸收减少", "B": "胰液中HCO3-的分泌减少", "C": "维生素B12的吸收减少", "D": "食物蛋白的消化减弱"}, "answer": "胰液中HCO3-的分泌减少", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于胆色素的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "以血红素为主要成分", "B": "在血中主要与球蛋白结合而运输", "C": "铁卟啉化合物的分解代谢产物", "D": "可以转变成细胞色素"}, "answer": "铁卟啉化合物的分解代谢产物", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心室电除颤的正确方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "必须在心电监测下进行", "B": "不能反复多次电除颤", "C": "首先需静脉推注安定", "D": "非同步电除颤"}, "answer": "非同步电除颤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎中增生的主要细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球周围的成纤维细胞及系膜细胞", "B": "肾球囊壁层上皮细胞及毛细血管内细胞", "C": "肾小球毛细血管内皮细胞及系膜细胞", "D": "肾球囊脏层上皮细胞及系膜细"}, "answer": "肾小球毛细血管内皮细胞及系膜细胞", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "支气管哮喘急性发作早期的动脉血气特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "代谢性酸中毒", "B": "呼吸性碱中毒", "C": "呼吸性酸中毒", "D": "混合性酸碱失衡"}, "answer": "呼吸性碱中毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪项是B细胞不具备的受体?(  )", "options": {"A": "有丝分裂素受体", "B": "C3b受体", "C": "Fc受体", "D": "E受体"}, "answer": "E受体", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "溶血性链球菌主要引起的炎症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "出血性炎", "B": "假膜性炎", "C": "纤维素性炎", "D": "蜂窝织炎"}, "answer": "蜂窝织炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,4岁,半月前确诊为风湿热,并出现心功不全表现,经治疗,心功能刚刚恢复,该患儿应卧床休息多长时间(  )。", "options": {"A": "心功能恢复后再卧床2~3周", "B": "心功能恢复后再卧床3~4周", "C": "心功能恢复后再卧床4~5周", "D": "心功能恢复后再卧床5~6周"}, "answer": "心功能恢复后再卧床3~4周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "中度缺钠时,病人每公斤体重缺氯化钠(  )。", "options": {"A": "0.25g", "B": "0.5g", "C": "0.5~0.75g", "D": "0.75~1.25g"}, "answer": "0.5~0.75g", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,34岁,工人,近3个月来因工作劳累,出现失眠、情绪烦躁、焦虑不安,无故担心,同时感心慌、胸闷,体检无异常发现,查EKG、T3、T4、TSH无异常,该病人的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经衰弱", "B": "焦虑症", "C": "疑病症", "D": "恶劣心境"}, "answer": "焦虑症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一新生儿患Rh溶血病,以下不会出现的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "母亲RhD阴性,胎儿RhD阳性", "B": "Rh溶血病多发生于第二胎", "C": "Rh溶血病多发生于未输过血母亲的首次妊娠中", "D": "Rh溶血病症状随胎次增加而加重"}, "answer": "Rh溶血病多发生于未输过血母亲的首次妊娠中", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "血液凝固的本质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤维蛋白的激活", "B": "纤维蛋白的溶解", "C": "纤维蛋白原变为纤维蛋白", "D": "凝血因子Ⅻ的激活"}, "answer": "纤维蛋白原变为纤维蛋白", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,女,18个月,智能落后,表情呆滞,眼距宽,眼裂小,鼻梁低,口半张,舌伸出口外,皮肤细嫩,肌张力低下,右侧通贯手。(  )。", "options": {"A": "21-三体综合征", "B": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症", "C": "软骨发育不良", "D": "苯丙酮尿症"}, "answer": "21-三体综合征", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "睾丸肿瘤分型中没有的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "精原细胞瘤", "B": "胚胎瘤", "C": "畸胎瘤", "D": "乳头状癌"}, "answer": "乳头状癌", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下叙哪项是体内氨的主要来源?(  )", "options": {"A": "肠道吸收", "B": "氨基酸脱氨基", "C": "胺分解", "D": "碱基分解"}, "answer": "氨基酸脱氨基", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以下哪个量表属于智力测验量表(  )。", "options": {"A": "TAT", "B": "EPQ", "C": "WAIS", "D": "SAS"}, "answer": "WAIS", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "维生素K缺乏时,不会出现的实验室检查结果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "PT延长", "B": "FDP增加", "C": "INR升高", "D": "APTT延长"}, "answer": "INR升高", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.急性肾小球肾炎的病理类型(  )。", "options": {"A": "微小病变肾病", "B": "新月体性肾小球肾炎", "C": "硬化性肾小球肾炎", "D": "毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "以下对需要的理解错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是对某种目标的渴求", "B": "是行为的直接动力", "C": "包括生理性需要和社会性需要", "D": "是对某种目标的欲望"}, "answer": "是行为的直接动力", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.女,31岁,已婚。停经58天,阴道少量流血、下腹隐痛4天。妇科检查:宫口闭,子宫如孕50天大,质软,双侧附件区未触及异常。B超显示有心管搏动。应首选的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌肉注射缩宫素治疗", "B": "肌肉注射苯巴比妥", "C": "保胎治疗", "D": "立即行清宫术"}, "answer": "保胎治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列对脂肪酸β氧化的叙述中正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "反应在胞液中进行", "B": "起始代谢物是脂酰CoA", "C": "反应产物为CO2和H2O", "D": "反应过程中消耗ATP"}, "answer": "起始代谢物是脂酰CoA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.属于阉割性焦虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人对每天必须吃药感到痛苦", "B": "病人对自己的病不能马上确诊而心烦", "C": "病人很害怕手术造成的疼痛", "D": "病人害怕手术会对自己身体的完整性造成伤害"}, "answer": "病人害怕手术会对自己身体的完整性造成伤害", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "膝腱反射中枢在(  )。", "options": {"A": "L1~3", "B": "L2~4", "C": "L3~5", "D": "L5~S2"}, "answer": "L2~4", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于血吸虫病的描述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "晚期急性虫卵结节出现多量类上皮细胞", "B": "慢性虫卵结节的虫卵内毛蚴仍存活", "C": "急性虫卵结节内大量嗜中性粒细胞浸润", "D": "慢性虫卵结节内大量淋巴细胞浸润"}, "answer": "晚期急性虫卵结节出现多量类上皮细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "滤过分数为下述哪项比值?(  )", "options": {"A": "肾小球滤过率/肾血浆流量", "B": "肾小球滤过率/肾血流量", "C": "肾血浆流量/肾血流量", "D": "肾血流量/心排血量"}, "answer": "肾小球滤过率/肾血浆流量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,15个月,哭闹、烦躁半个月,时有喷射性呕吐。查体:体温37.8℃,心肺正常,前囟隆起,克氏征阴性,膝腱反射亢进;脑脊液:白细胞250×106/L,中性粒细胞占0.35,淋巴细胞占0.65,糖1.5mmol/L,氯化物93mmol/L;OT试验1:2000阴性;胸部X线片见两肺散在点状阴影。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒性肺炎+化脓性脑膜炎", "B": "病毒性肺炎+结核性脑膜炎", "C": "粟粒性肺结核+结核性脑膜炎", "D": "粟粒性肺结核+化脓性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "粟粒性肺结核+结核性脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,27岁,发热、牙龈出血、皮肤瘀斑5天,胸骨压痛明显,肝脾肋下触及。血红蛋白70g/L,白细胞50×109/L,血小板20×109/L。骨髓:原始细胞0.90,POX(-),PAS阳性呈粗颗粒状,非特异性酯酶阴性。血清溶菌酶正常。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性红白血病", "B": "急性单核细胞白血病", "C": "急性淋巴细胞白血病", "D": "急性早幼粒细胞白血病"}, "answer": "急性淋巴细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.由国务院卫生行政部门及时报经国务院批准后予以公布实施的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "法律规定的甲、乙、丙类以外的其他传染病,根据其暴发、流行情况和危害程度,需要列入乙类、丙类传染病的", "B": "突发原因不明的传染病需要采取甲类传染病的预防、控制措施的", "C": "乙类传染病中传染性非典型肺炎、炭疽中的肺炭疽和人感染高致病性禽流感", "D": "乙类传染病中除传染性非典型肺炎、炭疽中的肺炭疽和人感染高致病性禽流感以外的传染"}, "answer": "突发原因不明的传染病需要采取甲类传染病的预防、控制措施的", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "DNA复制时,子链的合成是(  )。", "options": {"A": "两条链均为5′→3′", "B": "一条链5′→3′,另一条链3′→5′", "C": "两条链均为3′→5′", "D": "两条链均为连续合成"}, "answer": "一条链5′→3′,另一条链3′→5′", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.骨性关节炎病变始于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌肉肌腱", "B": "软骨", "C": "骨", "D": "关节囊"}, "answer": "软骨", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.代谢性酸中毒可发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肠梗阻", "B": "感染性休克", "C": "肺炎高热", "D": "急性肾功能衰竭"}, "answer": "感染性休克", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿结核病最常见类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发型肺结核", "B": "结核性脑膜炎", "C": "结核性胸膜炎", "D": "粟粒性肺结核"}, "answer": "原发型肺结核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,32岁。右大腿枪弹伤4小时。伤口已经在院外经过初步处理。查体:T 37.8℃,P 141次/分,R 28次/分,BP 72/43mmHg。面色苍白,呼吸急促。双肺呼吸音清晰,心律齐。腹软,无压痛。大腿中下1/3处对穿性伤口,已经用纱布覆盖包扎,无明显渗血。足背动脉搏动弱。2.若对该患者行清创术,以下措施不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "沿大腿纵轴切开探查,切除创缘皮肤1~2mm", "B": "若有大血管损伤,尽量修补", "C": "伤口近端绕扎止血带", "D": "若清创彻底,一期缝合伤口"}, "answer": "若清创彻底,一期缝合伤口", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "偏头痛的临床主要特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "半侧头痛", "B": "有先兆", "C": "搏动性跳痛", "D": "周期性发作性头痛"}, "answer": "周期性发作性头痛", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "营养性缺铁性贫血患儿最适合的治疗应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "餐后服用硫酸亚铁及B维生素", "B": "反复多次少量输血及硫酸亚铁", "C": "肌内注射左旋糖酐铁及维生素C口服", "D": "餐间服用硫酸亚铁及维生素C"}, "answer": "餐间服用硫酸亚铁及维生素C", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "生后两天的新生儿,一般状态良好,但其网织红细胞5%,血涂片白细胞计数100个,可见大量的有核红细胞和少量幼稚中性粒细胞,提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "髓外造血", "B": "新生儿溶血病", "C": "先天性小儿白血病", "D": "正常血象"}, "answer": "正常血象", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,30岁。1小时前从3米高处坠落,右腰部受伤,局部疼痛,肉眼血尿。查体:生命体征平稳,腹软。住院5日后下床活动,右腰部疼痛加剧并出现腰部包块。此时P 120次/分,BP 80/40mmHg。2.下一步最恰当的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗休克同时准备手术", "B": "输血", "C": "抗感染", "D": "继续观察"}, "answer": "抗休克同时准备手术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,45岁,反复大便时出血8年。近2个月来因大便干结,出血量增加,感头晕。查:Hb 90g/L,肠管有水肿,肛门周围见梅花状脱出物。2.最佳治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "内服药+外敷药", "B": "冷冻治疗", "C": "挂线治疗", "D": "手术治疗"}, "answer": "手术治疗", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "病原体侵入人体后,临床上不显示出任何症状、体征,但可产生特异性免疫,这种现象称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "潜伏性感染", "B": "病原体被清除", "C": "隐性感染", "D": "病原携带状态"}, "answer": "隐性感染", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "协助诊断肾挫伤,首要的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿常规", "B": "静脉尿路造影", "C": "腹部CT平扫", "D": "血细胞比容"}, "answer": "腹部CT平扫", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,33岁。急性腹膜炎术后7天,发热,为弛张热,伴乏力、盗汗、纳差,右上腹、肋下持续性钝痛,深呼吸及咳嗽时疼痛加重。腹部B超及CT示肝右叶上方,膈肌下见6cm×4cm液气平面,诊断性穿刺可抽出脓液。1.如决定行切开引流,为防止脓液流人腹腔再次引起弥漫性腹膜炎,最主要的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "进入脓腔分离时,不要破坏粘连层", "B": "选择合理切口,显露充分", "C": "吸净脓液,低压灌洗后留置负压引流", "D": "麻醉效果良好,便于操作"}, "answer": "吸净脓液,低压灌洗后留置负压引流", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.急性乳腺炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "肿块边界清楚、活动、增大缓慢", "B": "肿块巨大、活动,淋巴结不大,有肺部转移", "C": "肿块固定,腋窝淋巴结肿大", "D": "肿块具有明显压痛"}, "answer": "肿块具有明显压痛", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "梗死不会引起严重后果的器官是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心", "B": "脑", "C": "肺", "D": "脾"}, "answer": "脾", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "水肿细胞电镜下观察,主要细胞器的病变为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肿胀的线粒体和扩张的内质网", "B": "发育不良的桥粒", "C": "肿胀的核糖体", "D": "扩张的高尔基器"}, "answer": "肿胀的线粒体和扩张的内质网", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "根据病因和发病机理下列贫血分类正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞生成减少和造血功能障碍两大类", "B": "红细胞生成减少、红细胞破坏过多和失血三大类", "C": "红细胞生成减少和红细胞破坏过多两大类", "D": "造血原料不足、骨髓造血功能障碍和破坏过多三大类"}, "answer": "红细胞生成减少、红细胞破坏过多和失血三大类", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,28岁,下水道工人,发热3天,伴头痛、乏力、全身肌肉酸痛、轻咳就诊。查体:体温40℃,脉搏120次/分,呼吸40次/分,血压100/70mmHg,急性病容,结膜充血,咽充血,皮肤少量出血点,肺部啰音少许,肝肋下l.5cm,肾区叩击痛(+),腹股沟淋巴结蚕豆大数个,有压痛。血象:WBC 14×109/L,RBC 4.3×1012/L,N 0.6。尿蛋白(+),每个高倍镜视野下RBC 2~5个、WBC 1或2个。诊断应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "无黄疸型肝炎", "B": "伤寒", "C": "钩端螺旋体病", "D": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎"}, "answer": "钩端螺旋体病", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "C型行为模式容易患以下疾病.除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "冠心病", "B": "溃疡病", "C": "哮喘", "D": "糖尿病"}, "answer": "冠心病", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列低钾血症的临床表现中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹胀、肠麻痹", "B": "心悸、心率快或心律失常", "C": "尿量明显减少", "D": "神志淡漠,疲乏"}, "answer": "尿量明显减少", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "链球菌感染后急性肾小球肾炎与IgA肾病的根本不同是(  )。", "options": {"A": "链球菌感染史", "B": "病程长短", "C": "尿检异常", "D": "肾脏组织病变"}, "answer": "肾脏组织病变", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,23岁,间断发热、关节痛1年半月来高热、皮疹、下肢浮肿;血压120/80mmHg,皮肤无紫癜,肝脾不大,尿蛋白(+++),尿红细胞5~10/HP,颗粒管型偶见,Hb 98g/L,网织红细胞5%,血BUN 7mmol/L。2.为进一步明确诊断,最重要的血液学化验是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ESR", "B": "RF", "C": "血浆蛋白", "D": "抗核抗体谱"}, "answer": "抗核抗体谱", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5岁男孩,突发寒战,体温39℃,右膝部疼痛剧烈,不敢活动,局部无明显肿胀。应首先考虑的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性骨髓炎", "B": "化脓性关节炎", "C": "类风湿关节炎", "D": "胫骨结节骨软骨病"}, "answer": "化脓性关节炎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初产妇,21岁,胎儿娩出后两分钟出现多量阴道流血。最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "凝血功能障碍", "B": "胎盘剥离不全", "C": "宫颈裂伤", "D": "宫缩乏力"}, "answer": "胎盘剥离不全", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有五个不同职业人群的冠心病患病率资料,若比较职业不同患病率是否相同。3.比较不同职业人群的冠心病患病率的假设检验,应计算的统计量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "u", "B": "F", "C": "X2", "D": "P"}, "answer": "X2", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1997年冬,某地发生流行性乙型肝炎,在各责任报告人中,某乡医生李某报告了第一例。其他各地的责任报告人相继报出传染病报告卡2.除李某外,其他的责任报告人可能是下列人员,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "医疗保健人员", "B": "药品经营人员", "C": "卫生防疫人员", "D": "部队医疗保健人员"}, "answer": "药品经营人员", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "早期诊断化脓性关节炎,最有确诊价值的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血沉", "B": "血培养", "C": "血细胞计数及分类", "D": "关节穿刺及关节液检查"}, "answer": "关节穿刺及关节液检查", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "根据骨折是否与外界相通,可把骨折分为(  )。", "options": {"A": "外伤性骨折和不稳定性骨折", "B": "压缩性骨折和横行骨折", "C": "完全性骨折和不完全性骨折", "D": "开放性骨折和闭合性骨折"}, "answer": "开放性骨折和闭合性骨折", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "结核性脑膜炎最常受累的颅神经为(  )。", "options": {"A": "动眼神经", "B": "滑车神经", "C": "外展神经", "D": "面神经"}, "answer": "面神经", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心理咨询的机理有(  )。", "options": {"A": "宣泄", "B": "强化自我控制", "C": "领悟", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,48岁。腹痛,反酸10年。2周来症状加重,并出现夜间痛,进食能部分缓解。1.诊断首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性胃炎", "B": "十二指肠球部溃疡", "C": "胃癌", "D": "胃溃疡并幽门梗阻"}, "answer": "十二指肠球部溃疡", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,30岁,妊娠40周,临产12小时之后,在产钳助娩下分娩一4100g的女婴,胎儿娩出后15分钟胎盘人工剥离取出,检查胎盘无异常。继之发生阴道大量流血。3.能说明处理有效的指标不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿量增加", "B": "血压上升", "C": "子宫变硬", "D": "心率增快"}, "answer": "心率增快", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者,查:血小板10×109/L。3.若患者切脾后血小板计数仍低于20×109/L,下列难治性ITP治疗的论述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "预防性输血小板可防止大出血", "B": "应用长春新碱可使患者得到缓解", "C": "在月经期反复出血者应行子宫切除术治疗", "D": "中医药治疗"}, "answer": "应用长春新碱可使患者得到缓解", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "已婚女性,26岁,G1P1,两地分居,丈夫最近将回家探亲,拟服用探亲片(甲地孕酮),正确的服药方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "性交后即服1片,次日晨加服1片", "B": "月经来潮第5天服1片,12天后再服1片", "C": "性交前8小时服1片,当晚再服1片,以后每晚1片,至探亲结束次日晨加服1片", "D": "月经周期第5天开始,每晚1片,连服22天"}, "answer": "性交前8小时服1片,当晚再服1片,以后每晚1片,至探亲结束次日晨加服1片", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "7岁患儿,患急性肾炎,浮肿明显,每日尿量200ml,血压18/14kPa,呼吸困难,不能平卧,恶心,呕吐,头昏伴惊厥一次。1.此患儿肾脏最可能的病理改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "微小病变", "B": "局灶增生性肾炎", "C": "系膜增生性肾炎", "D": "内皮系膜增生性肾炎"}, "answer": "内皮系膜增生性肾炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,70岁。排尿困难2年,腹部平片提示膀胱区有2.0cm椭圆形致密影,典型的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膀胱刺激征", "B": "进行性排尿困难", "C": "腰痛,血尿,脓尿", "D": "尿流中断,改变体位后好转"}, "answer": "尿流中断,改变体位后好转", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,36岁,发热2周,伴乏力、食欲不振、轻度腹胀。体检:体温39.3℃,心率80次/min,脾左肋下2cm可及,外周血白细胞4.5×109/L,中性粒细胞0.60,淋巴细胞0.40;肥达反应:“O”抗体效价1:160,“H”抗体效价1:160。5.下列治疗措施中不恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高热时不宜用大量退热药", "B": "烦躁不安者可给予安定口服", "C": "便秘时可给予泻药", "D": "慢性带菌者合并胆石症,如内科治疗无效可考虑手术切除胆囊"}, "answer": "便秘时可给予泻药", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "用左旋多巴或M受体阻断剂治疗震颤性麻痹,不能缓解的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌肉强直", "B": "随意运动减少", "C": "动作缓慢", "D": "静止性震颤"}, "answer": "静止性震颤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.有机磷(对硫磷)农药中毒的洗胃液是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2%碳酸氢钠", "B": "0.3%H2O2", "C": "0.3%氧化镁", "D": "5%硫酸钠"}, "answer": "2%碳酸氢钠", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "大面积严重烧伤病人转运前应首先(  )。", "options": {"A": "持续中心静脉压测定", "B": "彻底清创", "C": "建立输液途径", "D": "汽车运送时伤员应与行驶方向平行"}, "answer": "建立输液途径", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "8个月女,发热、腹泻、轻咳2天入院,大便10余次/日,蛋花汤样。大便镜检:白细胞2~3个/HP,大便细菌培养阴性。血常规:白细胞为7.5×109/L。除轻度脱水征外,无其他异常。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌性痢疾", "B": "致腐性大肠杆菌肠炎", "C": "病毒性肠炎", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌肠炎"}, "answer": "病毒性肠炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.由国务院卫生行政部门决定并予以公布的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "法律规定的甲、乙、丙类以外的其他传染病,根据其暴发、流行情况和危害程度,需要列入乙类、丙类传染病的", "B": "突发原因不明的传染病需要采取甲类传染病的预防、控制措施的", "C": "乙类传染病中传染性非典型肺炎、炭疽中的肺炭疽和人感染高致病性禽流感", "D": "乙类传染病中除传染性非典型肺炎、炭疽中的肺炭疽和人感染高致病性禽流感以外的传染"}, "answer": "法律规定的甲、乙、丙类以外的其他传染病,根据其暴发、流行情况和危害程度,需要列入乙类、丙类传染病的", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.属于医学伦理学基本范畴的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有利、公正", "B": "权利、义务", "C": "廉洁奉公", "D": "医乃仁术"}, "answer": "权利、义务", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,72岁,银行职员,高中文化,3年前开始记忆力下降,逐渐加重,刚吃完饭后就忘记,说没吃饭,记不住孙子的名字,把子女错认为别人,远记力尚可,经常吵闹要回原来的家,有时焦虑,简单计算均可,复杂计算力差,在家乱翻东西,自己存折忘记放在什么地方,找不到时认为被女儿偷去了,躯体及神经系统检查无异常。2.最可能诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "老年性痴呆", "B": "脑血管病", "C": "脑肿瘤", "D": "抑郁症"}, "answer": "老年性痴呆", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,50岁。突发眼底出血1小时。高血压病史10年。规律服用降压药1年,平时血压140/95~120/90mmHg。查体:BP 210/120mmHg,结膜无出血、充血。双肺呼吸音清。心率90次/min,律齐,双下肢无水肿。治疗宜首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服美托洛尔", "B": "静脉滴注硝普钠", "C": "口服卡托普利", "D": "口服氨氯地平"}, "answer": "静脉滴注硝普钠", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "S4产生机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "三尖瓣突然关闭", "B": "血流冲击心室壁", "C": "心房收缩", "D": "主动脉瓣突然关闭"}, "answer": "心房收缩", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为苯二氮类药物作用特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "没有抗惊厥作用", "B": "没有抗焦虑作用", "C": "停药后代偿性反跳较重", "D": "可缩短睡眠诱导时间"}, "answer": "可缩短睡眠诱导时间", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.甲型病毒性肝炎的传播途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化道传播", "B": "呼吸道传播", "C": "经血传播", "D": "性传播"}, "answer": "消化道传播", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.梦魇(  )。", "options": {"A": "通过节食,自我诱发呕吐,过度运动达到体重减轻,存在害怕发胖的超价观念", "B": "自我诱发的反复呕吐,呕吐物为刚进的食物,体重保持在正常体重的80%以上", "C": "发生于睡眠的前1/3阶段,伴尖叫,哭喊,惊恐,醒后不能回忆,多见于儿童", "D": "睡眠时有噩梦,有强烈的梦境体验,伴情绪紧张、心悸等,见于任何年龄"}, "answer": "睡眠时有噩梦,有强烈的梦境体验,伴情绪紧张、心悸等,见于任何年龄", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪一种情况可导致肾小球滤过率增高?(  )", "options": {"A": "注射大量肾上腺素", "B": "快速静脉注射生理盐水", "C": "静脉注射高渗葡萄糖液", "D": "注射抗利尿激素"}, "answer": "快速静脉注射生理盐水", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.分离培养脑膜炎奈瑟菌选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "血平板", "B": "沙保培养基", "C": "巧克力色培养基", "D": "疱肉培养基"}, "answer": "巧克力色培养基", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.非霍奇金淋巴瘤化疗首选的方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CHOP方案", "B": "MOPP方案", "C": "VDP方案", "D": "DA方案"}, "answer": "CHOP方案", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "麻疹早期最有特殊意义的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热,流涕,喷嚏,咳嗽,结膜充血和畏光", "B": "颊黏膜Koplik斑", "C": "耳后及枕部出现淋巴结肿大", "D": "发热3~4天时,耳后发际出现斑丘疹"}, "answer": "颊黏膜Koplik斑", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿男,10岁,发热20余天,伴游走性关节疼痛,抗“O”≥500U,临床诊断为风湿性关节炎。引起此病的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺病毒", "B": "肺炎链球菌", "C": "A族乙型溶血性链球菌", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "A族乙型溶血性链球菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列疾病,应用抗癌药物疗效最佳的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫内膜癌", "B": "原发性卵巢癌", "C": "子宫颈癌", "D": "绒毛膜癌"}, "answer": "绒毛膜癌", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,55岁。自述间歇、无痛性肉眼血尿3个月来门诊就诊。查体:一般状态好,轻度贫血貌,双肾未触及,膀胱区叩诊清音。1.该病例临床诊断首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿路感染", "B": "输尿管结石", "C": "泌尿系结核", "D": "泌尿系肿瘤,以膀胱肿瘤可能性大"}, "answer": "泌尿系肿瘤,以膀胱肿瘤可能性大", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "真核细胞RNA聚合酶Ⅱ催化合成的RNA是(  )。", "options": {"A": "rRNA", "B": "mRNA", "C": "5SRNA", "D": "18SRNA"}, "answer": "mRNA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "内生软骨瘤的X线表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "溶骨性骨破坏", "B": "日光放射状骨膜反应", "C": "膨胀性低密度区内夹杂钙化斑块", "D": "密度增高的肿瘤骨"}, "answer": "膨胀性低密度区内夹杂钙化斑块", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "应提倡的医患关系模式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "指导-合作型", "B": "共同参与型", "C": "根据具体情况确定", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "根据具体情况确定", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肝硬化出血倾向的最主要的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血小板减少", "B": "凝血因子合成障碍", "C": "维生素K缺乏", "D": "血清抗凝物增加"}, "answer": "凝血因子合成障碍", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有关糖皮质激素在结核性胸膜炎治疗中的描述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可减轻机体的变态反应", "B": "可作为常规治疗", "C": "可导致结核播散", "D": "需逐渐减量"}, "answer": "可作为常规治疗", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者男性,25岁,发生左侧腹部及左下胸部撞击伤3h。检查:神志清,体温37℃,血压10.7/8.00kPa(80/60mmHg),脉率120/min,左侧腹压痛,有轻度反跳痛及肌紧张,血白细胞20×109/L,尿镜检红细胞20/HP,此时最恰当的急救处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大剂量抗菌药物治疗", "B": "密切观察", "C": "纠正休克的同时,考虑立即剖腹探查", "D": "应用25%甘露醇静注,密切观察尿液的改变"}, "answer": "纠正休克的同时,考虑立即剖腹探查", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,40岁,农民,江苏人,1月前因下稻田着凉,近日发热2周,畏寒,体温在38℃上下,自觉腹痛,有腹泻,稀便。查体:表情淡漠,腹部有轻压痛,肝肋下1.0cm、剑突下2.5cm,周身可见荨麻疹。2.预计肝功能异常表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清AST显著升高", "B": "血清ALT显著升高", "C": "血球蛋白显著升高", "D": "血清蛋白一般正常"}, "answer": "血球蛋白显著升高", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "麻疹最常见的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心肌炎", "B": "肺炎", "C": "亚急性硬化性全脑炎", "D": "球后视神经炎"}, "answer": "肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "前臂缺血性肌挛缩,多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肱骨髁上骨折", "B": "桡骨骨折", "C": "尺桡骨双折", "D": "Colles骨折"}, "answer": "肱骨髁上骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,28岁,自8米高处坠落2小时后送至医院。自述胸背部疼痛,双下肢不能活动。2.此时首先应做以下哪项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "EKG", "B": "SEP", "C": "X线平片", "D": "脑脊液穿刺检查"}, "answer": "X线平片", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一女病员因不孕症、闭经、伴厌食、消瘦就诊。妇科做了各种常规检查后,决定行腹腔镜检查,通知病人准备。病人不知该检查如何做,便随医生进入处置室检查,检查中发现做了切口。病人及家属均不满意开刀,向院方提出赔偿要求。行腹腔镜检查如何决定为合理?(  )", "options": {"A": "必须征得患者同意", "B": "必须由医院决定", "C": "可以由医生决定", "D": "可以由医院或科室决定"}, "answer": "必须征得患者同意", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,50岁。多饮、多尿、体重减轻1个月后,颈后痛2周。查体:T 38.6℃,BMI 27.5kg/m3,神志清楚,颈后4cm×3cm溃疡,表面有脓性分泌物。空腹血糖9.2mmol/L,尿糖(++),尿酮体(-)。外科清创换药和抗生素治疗的同时,为控制血糖最应采取的治疗的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用胰岛素", "B": "应用磺脲类降糖药", "C": "应用双胍类降糖药", "D": "单纯饮食控制"}, "answer": "应用胰岛素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "中度持续发作的支气管哮喘患者应用糖皮质激素的原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "长期吸入二丙酸倍氯米松<500μg/d", "B": "长期吸入二丙酸倍氯米松500~1000μg/d", "C": "间断吸入激素加长期应用支气管扩张剂", "D": "静脉滴注琥珀酸氢化可的松"}, "answer": "长期吸入二丙酸倍氯米松500~1000μg/d", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列药物属于胃黏膜保护剂的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "奥美拉唑", "B": "阿托品", "C": "硫糖铝", "D": "西咪替丁"}, "answer": "硫糖铝", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.属于甲状腺功能低下的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性甲状腺炎", "B": "Graves病", "C": "SLE", "D": "重症肌无力"}, "answer": "慢性甲状腺炎", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.肾上腺髓质激素大量释放时(  )。", "options": {"A": "血压升高,心率加快", "B": "血压升高,心率减慢", "C": "血压降低,心率减慢", "D": "心率和血压均无变化"}, "answer": "血压升高,心率加快", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "色甘酸钠的平喘作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阻断腺苷受体", "B": "促进儿茶酚胺的释放", "C": "对抗组胺等物质的作用", "D": "抑制肥大细胞的脱颗粒反应"}, "answer": "抑制肥大细胞的脱颗粒反应", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,35岁,患风湿性瓣膜病二尖瓣狭窄及关闭不全,因慢性心力衰竭,每日服用地高辛0.125mg,10天前气促,水肿症状加重,心率120次/分,心率绝对不规则,首先的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉注射毛花苷丙", "B": "静脉注射呋塞米", "C": "直流电同步电复律", "D": "静脉滴注硝普钠"}, "answer": "静脉注射毛花苷丙", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "足月儿生后2天出现黄疸,母血AB型,第3天血清胆红素18.81μmoL/L(11mg/dl)。本例诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Rh溶血病", "B": "生理性黄疸", "C": "败血症", "D": "胆道闭锁"}, "answer": "生理性黄疸", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "李某怀孕期间到医院进行产前检查,此时医生如果发现一些情况存在,就会提出终止妊娠的医学意见,这些情况中不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "李某有致畸物质接触史", "B": "胎儿患严重遗传性疾病", "C": "李某患严重高血压,继续妊娠会危及其生命", "D": "李某患严重糖尿病,继续妊娠会严重危害其健康"}, "answer": "李某有致畸物质接触史", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.最可能是乳腺脓肿的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳房红肿胀痛,内有触痛伴波动感的肿块", "B": "乳腺内有单发、光滑、活动度大的肿物", "C": "乳腺内有单发、质硬、活动度差的肿物", "D": "乳腺内有单发囊性结节"}, "answer": "乳房红肿胀痛,内有触痛伴波动感的肿块", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "周围性瘫痪的肌张力改变特点为(  )。", "options": {"A": "折刀样增高", "B": "肌张力减低", "C": "齿轮样增高", "D": "肌张力时高时低"}, "answer": "肌张力减低", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,32岁,孕39周,G2P0。下腹胀痛8小时。检查:血压145/90mmHg,尿蛋白(+),宫底剑突下3横指。LOA,胎心156次/min,宫缩25~35秒/5~6分钟。肛诊:宫口开大2cm。胎心监护出现多次晚期减速。量适宜的处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静滴25%硫酸镁", "B": "待自然分娩", "C": "静脉缩宫素", "D": "即行剖宫产"}, "answer": "即行剖宫产", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列不符合小儿原发型肺结核的临床表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上肺叶有空洞形成", "B": "肺门淋巴结肿大", "C": "消瘦,盗汗和纳差", "D": "疱疹性结膜炎"}, "answer": "上肺叶有空洞形成", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.属磷酸戊糖途径的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "NADH脱氢酶", "B": "苹果酸脱氢酶", "C": "葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶", "D": "6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶"}, "answer": "6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小李,男,25岁。硕士研究生毕业后参加工作。半年来对上级领导布置的任务总感觉不能胜任,屡屡出错,受到多次批评后内心受挫,选择了辞职。小李的这种选择在应激反应属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "认知反应", "B": "情绪反应", "C": "行为反应", "D": "防御反应"}, "answer": "防御反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "反映医患之间权利关系的正确观点是:强调维护(  )。", "options": {"A": "医院院长的权利", "B": "护士的权利", "C": "患者的权利", "D": "家属的权利"}, "answer": "患者的权利", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.准实验法(  )。", "options": {"A": "能操纵自变量,能控制因变量", "B": "能操纵自变量,不能操纵因变量", "C": "不能操纵自变量,不能控制因变量", "D": "不能影响自变量和因变量"}, "answer": "能操纵自变量,不能操纵因变量", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "高渗性缺水时,血清Na+至少高于(  )。", "options": {"A": "150mmol/L", "B": "165mmol/L", "C": "155mmol/L", "D": "170mmol/L"}, "answer": "150mmol/L", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.阿米巴肝脓肿属(  )。", "options": {"A": "变质性炎症", "B": "浆液性炎症", "C": "蜂窝织炎症", "D": "化脓性炎症"}, "answer": "变质性炎症", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女婴,4个月,腹泻、中度脱水,经静脉补液后脱水纠正,突然出现精神萎靡、嗜睡、呼吸变浅,心率140次/分,心音低钝腹胀,膝反射未引出。血清钠145mmol/L、钾3.2mmol/L。ECG示窦性心动过速,T波低平。1.诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "重症肌无力", "B": "败血症", "C": "低钾血症", "D": "中毒性肠麻痹"}, "answer": "低钾血症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心理咨询可以解决的问题是(  )。", "options": {"A": "政治思想问题", "B": "情绪问题", "C": "工作环境问题", "D": "社会环境问题"}, "answer": "情绪问题", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性溶血或慢性溶姐急性发作与慢性溶血不同之处为(  )。", "options": {"A": "出现贫血", "B": "出现黄疸", "C": "出现乏力、头晕", "D": "出现高热、休克可伴有血红蛋白尿"}, "answer": "出现高热、休克可伴有血红蛋白尿", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "各种类型结核病的首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "链霉素", "B": "对氨基水杨酸", "C": "异烟肼", "D": "吡嗪酰胺"}, "answer": "异烟肼", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哪项是强心苷心脏毒性的发生机制?(  )", "options": {"A": "抑制心肌细胞膜Na+-K+-ATP酶", "B": "激活心脏细胞膜Na+-K+-ATP酶", "C": "增加心肌细胞中的Ca2+", "D": "增加心肌细胞中的K+"}, "answer": "抑制心肌细胞膜Na+-K+-ATP酶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "脾切除术后引起凶险性感染的病原菌主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎球菌", "B": "大肠杆菌", "C": "痢疾杆菌", "D": "草绿色链球菌"}, "answer": "肺炎球菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "后颅凹占位病人,发生脑危象时最快而有效的急救措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉快速静点甘露醇", "B": "尽快切除后颅凹占位病变", "C": "快速行脑室穿刺,脑脊液引流术", "D": "立即行冬眠物理降温治疗"}, "answer": "快速行脑室穿刺,脑脊液引流术", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "每分通气量和每分肺泡通气量之差为(  )。", "options": {"A": "无效腔气量×呼吸频率", "B": "潮气量×呼吸频率", "C": "功能余气量×呼吸频率", "D": "补吸气量×呼吸频率"}, "answer": "无效腔气量×呼吸频率", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "识别RNA转录终止的因子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "β因子", "B": "σ因子", "C": "ρ因子", "D": "γ因子"}, "answer": "ρ因子", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列方法不适于培养动物病毒的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鸡胚培养", "B": "人工合成培养基", "C": "器官培养", "D": "动物培养"}, "answer": "人工合成培养基", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.对诊断甲状腺癌有意义的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "弥漫性甲状腺肿大伴有血管杂音", "B": "弥漫性甲状腺肿大伴有触痛", "C": "甲状腺肿大、质硬,表面光滑", "D": "放射性核素扫描为冷结节"}, "answer": "放射性核素扫描为冷结节", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,56岁。高空坠落伤。查体:呼吸困难,颈部压痛,双肺闻及痰鸣音,四肢瘫痪。X线片显示C4~5骨折脱位。首先采取的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颌枕带牵引", "B": "气管切开", "C": "手术复位固定", "D": "应用呼吸兴奋剂"}, "answer": "气管切开", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "主要表现为餐前(午、晚)低血糖的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2型糖尿病", "B": "胰岛素瘤", "C": "糖原累积症", "D": "肝硬化"}, "answer": "胰岛素瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,30岁。肛门周围胀痛伴发热3天,排便时疼痛加重。查体:肛门周围皮肤发红、压痛明显。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直肠后间隙脓肿", "B": "肛管括约肌间隙脓肿", "C": "骨盆直肠间隙脓肿", "D": "肛周皮下脓肿"}, "answer": "肛周皮下脓肿", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,35岁,黄疸、贫血伴关节酸痛3个月。查体:巩膜黄染,脾肋下2cm。血红蛋白589/L,白细胞5×109/L,血小板110×109/L,网织红细胞计数0.25,外周血涂片成熟红细胞形态正常,尿隐血试验阴性。无家族史。2.明确诊断应做哪一项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "CT", "B": "Coombs试验", "C": "肝功能", "D": "骨髓检查"}, "answer": "Coombs试验", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "应激性溃疡发病基础不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅内手术", "B": "慢性胃炎", "C": "重度创伤", "D": "脓毒血症"}, "answer": "慢性胃炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4岁女孩,反复发生支气管肺炎,消瘦,平时安静,不爱活动,稍活动后气急。胸骨左缘上方可闻及连续性的“机器”样杂音,占全收缩期和舒张期,杂音向左锁骨下、颈部和背部传导。超声心动图检查证实为先天性心脏病,动脉导管未闭。5.该患儿若做心导管检查,其最可能出现的结果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺动脉血氧含量较右心室为高", "B": "肺动脉血氧含量较左心室为高", "C": "右心室血氧含量较右心房为高", "D": "右心房血氧含量较右心室为高"}, "answer": "肺动脉血氧含量较右心室为高", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "早产儿,胎龄35周。体检发现胸骨左缘第2肋间有粗糙响亮的连续性机器样杂音,后经超声心动图检查为动脉导管未闭,可以选用下述哪种药物治疗使其导管闭合?(  )", "options": {"A": "氨基比林", "B": "吲哚美辛", "C": "阿司匹林", "D": "肾上腺素"}, "answer": "吲哚美辛", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "早期下床活动的好处,不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "减少肺部并发症", "B": "减少下肢静脉血栓形成", "C": "减少伤口感染", "D": "有利于肠道恢复,减少腹胀发生"}, "answer": "减少伤口感染", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "缺铁性贫血根治的关键是(  )。", "options": {"A": "输血治疗", "B": "病因治疗", "C": "铁剂治疗", "D": "预防各种感染"}, "answer": "病因治疗", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "压缩性骨折,最常发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肱骨头", "B": "股骨头", "C": "椎体", "D": "足舟状骨"}, "answer": "椎体", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "中老年妇女,一侧乳房内单一无症状包块,对侧阴性,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤维腺瘤", "B": "乳房囊性增生病", "C": "乳癌", "D": "积乳囊肿"}, "answer": "乳癌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "老年患者,突发剧烈胸痛2小时入院,诊断为急性前壁心肌梗死。溶栓后出现非阵发性室性心动过速。此时针对室速,应采取的措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "严密观察", "B": "维拉帕米静注", "C": "利多卡因静注", "D": "异丙肾上腺素静滴"}, "answer": "严密观察", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.属于异嗜性抗原的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HLA", "B": "青霉素", "C": "花粉", "D": "Forssman抗原"}, "answer": "Forssman抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列不是颅中窝骨折的临床表现(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑脊液耳漏", "B": "脑脊液鼻漏", "C": "嗅神经损害", "D": "鼻出血"}, "answer": "嗅神经损害", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "单克隆抗体导向治疗中存在的主要问题不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "标记的药物在体内不稳定", "B": "鼠源单抗对人体具有免疫原性", "C": "肿瘤抗原的特异性不强", "D": "循环中游离抗原可封闭单抗"}, "answer": "标记的药物在体内不稳定", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,20岁,反复高热伴游走性关节痛,口腔干燥、溃疡,脱发月余。尿蛋白++,颗粒管型5个/HP,间断有血尿,类风湿因子1:20(+),抗SSA抗体阳性,抗双链DNA抗体阳性。1.诊断首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "风湿性关节炎", "B": "类风湿关节炎", "C": "系统性红斑狼疮", "D": "慢性肾小球肾炎急性发作"}, "answer": "系统性红斑狼疮", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.严重脑缺血、脑缺氧(  )。", "options": {"A": "血管源性脑水肿", "B": "细胞毒性脑水肿", "C": "低渗性脑水肿", "D": "脑肿胀"}, "answer": "细胞毒性脑水肿", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "代谢性酸中毒病人一般不表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "面部潮红", "B": "心率加快", "C": "尿液呈中性", "D": "呼气有酮味"}, "answer": "尿液呈中性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.新纹状体病变将导致(  )。", "options": {"A": "静止性震颤", "B": "舞蹈病", "C": "左侧肢体共济失调", "D": "闭目难立征阳性"}, "answer": "舞蹈病", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,38岁.因畏寒、高热、头痛、全身肌肉酸痛4天于8月20日急诊入院。发病前10天曾有水田劳动史。体检:体温39.4℃,眼结合膜充血,皮肤、巩膜轻度黄染,腋下可见出血点。左侧腹股沟触及2个蚕豆大小淋巴结。化验:外周血白细胞8.4×109/L,中性粒细胞0.78;尿蛋白(+)。镜检每高倍镜视野见白细胞10~15个,红细胞10~20个。诊断首先考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒性肝炎", "B": "钩端螺旋体病", "C": "流行性出血热", "D": "疟疾"}, "answer": "钩端螺旋体病", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,50岁,因口角歪斜半个月复视1周入院。入院后查体,右侧眼裂大,右眼闭不严,右侧口角低,右眼处于内斜位,左侧肢体轻瘫,左病理反射阳性,引起本例面神经麻痹最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腮腺炎", "B": "乳突炎", "C": "迷路炎", "D": "脑干病变"}, "answer": "脑干病变", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "普通型流行性脑脊髓膜炎临床分期不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "败血症期", "B": "前驱期", "C": "脑膜炎期", "D": "发热期"}, "answer": "发热期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "引起手足口病的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓灰质炎病毒", "B": "流行性出血热病毒", "C": "柯萨奇病毒", "D": "腺病毒"}, "answer": "柯萨奇病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.辅助诊断伤寒的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "外斐试验", "B": "肥达试验", "C": "冷凝集试验", "D": "Ascolis试验"}, "answer": "肥达试验", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列有关生活变化单位(LCU)与健康的关系,哪项不正确(  )。", "options": {"A": "LCU表示个体面对不同生活事件去重新适应时所需付出的努力大小", "B": "若一年内累积的生活事件小于150,说明第二年不会出现任何问题", "C": "若LCU累积为150~300,来年有50%患病的可能性", "D": "LCU分值升高与心肌梗死、糖尿病、工伤事故等多种疾病有明显相关"}, "answer": "若一年内累积的生活事件小于150,说明第二年不会出现任何问题", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.常引起小儿的化脓性脑膜炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "流感嗜血杆菌", "B": "空肠弯曲菌", "C": "铜绿假单胞菌", "D": "幽门螺旋杆菌"}, "answer": "流感嗜血杆菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "麻疹与结核病的关系中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "PPD试验转阴", "B": "使潜伏结核变为活动性结核", "C": "抑制结核活动", "D": "患儿可初染结核"}, "answer": "抑制结核活动", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.丁卡因不宜用于(  )。", "options": {"A": "浸润麻醉", "B": "传导麻醉", "C": "硬膜外麻醉", "D": "蛛网膜下腔麻醉"}, "answer": "浸润麻醉", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.淤血时腹腔积液(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹腔积液,液体细胞含量高,蛋白含量低", "B": "腹腔积液,液体细胞含量高,蛋白含量高", "C": "腹腔积液,液体比重低,蛋白含量低", "D": "腹腔积液,液体内多量红细胞"}, "answer": "腹腔积液,液体比重低,蛋白含量低", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "引起槟榔肝的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "酒精性肝硬化", "B": "胆汁性肝硬化", "C": "门脉性肝硬化", "D": "慢性肝淤血"}, "answer": "慢性肝淤血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂?(  )", "options": {"A": "考来烯胺", "B": "非诺贝特", "C": "洛伐他汀", "D": "普罗布考"}, "answer": "洛伐他汀", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,65岁,活动时心前区闷痛2年,加重3天,休息3~5分钟后缓解,每天发作1~2次,近3天症状加重,每天发作3~4次,每次发作持续时间15~20分钟,2年来规律服用阿司匹林和单硝酸异山梨酯,糖尿病病史8年,吸烟20余年,血总胆固醇6.5mmol/L,肌钙蛋白Ⅰ正常,心电图Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联ST段下斜型压低0.3mV,就目前临床资料,该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "恶化型心绞痛", "B": "静息型心绞痛", "C": "变异型心绞痛", "D": "非ST段抬高型心肌梗死"}, "answer": "恶化型心绞痛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "Addison病由于醛固酮缺乏可产生下列哪一种情况?(  )", "options": {"A": "高钠低钾血症", "B": "低钠低钾血症", "C": "高钠高钾血症", "D": "低钠高钾血症"}, "answer": "低钠高钾血症", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.属于T细胞淋巴瘤的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "边缘区淋巴瘤", "B": "间变性大细胞淋巴瘤", "C": "Burkitt淋巴瘤", "D": "弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤"}, "answer": "间变性大细胞淋巴瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.大剂量糖皮质激素突击治疗用于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾病综合征", "B": "肾上腺皮质次全切除后", "C": "慢性肾炎", "D": "中毒性菌痢"}, "answer": "中毒性菌痢", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,62岁,突然出现剧烈头痛和呕吐8小时。无发热,否认高血压史。查体:神清,体温36.9℃,血压120/75mmHg,右侧瞳孔直径3.5mm,对光反应消失,上睑下垂,眼球向上、下及内侧运动不能,颈项强直,克氏征阳性。CT示脑正中裂及右大脑外侧裂、枕大池呈高密度影。2.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑室出血", "B": "脑干出血", "C": "内囊出血", "D": "蛛网膜下腔出血"}, "answer": "蛛网膜下腔出血", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "乳腺癌源于(  )。", "options": {"A": "小叶间质", "B": "导管内乳头状瘤", "C": "乳腺导管上皮及腺泡上皮", "D": "乳腺纤维腺瘤"}, "answer": "乳腺导管上皮及腺泡上皮", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一般情况下,左心室冠脉血流量在收缩期的血流量约为舒张期的20%~30%,可见影响冠脉血流量的主要因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "平均动脉压高低", "B": "心脏搏出量多少", "C": "舒张压的高低和心舒期的长短", "D": "收缩压的高低和射血期的长短"}, "answer": "舒张压的高低和心舒期的长短", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.侧支循环建立(  )。", "options": {"A": "心房颤动时脑软化", "B": "肝硬化时食管静脉曲张", "C": "雷诺病", "D": "急性阑尾炎"}, "answer": "肝硬化时食管静脉曲张", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "乳腺囊性增生病的治疗原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肿块切除、病理检查", "B": "对症治疗和密切观察", "C": "无须治疗", "D": "乳房根治性切除术"}, "answer": "对症治疗和密切观察", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿1岁半,发热4天,热退后全身出现红色斑丘疹。其诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "风疹", "B": "幼儿急疹", "C": "猩红热", "D": "麻疹"}, "answer": "幼儿急疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "符合骨折功能复位标准的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "允许下肢骨折存在与关节活动方向垂直的侧方成角", "B": "儿童下肢骨干骨折缩短2cm以内", "C": "骨折部分的旋转移位不必完全矫正", "D": "骨折部分的分离移位不必完全矫正"}, "answer": "儿童下肢骨干骨折缩短2cm以内", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "凝血酶的主要作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "促进血小板聚集", "B": "使纤维蛋白原转变为纤维蛋白", "C": "加速因子Ⅶ复合物的形成", "D": "加速凝血酶原复合物的形成"}, "answer": "使纤维蛋白原转变为纤维蛋白", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.医疗事故的损害结果(  )。", "options": {"A": "造成患者人身损害", "B": "过失", "C": "实施了违反卫生管理法律、行政法规、部门规章和诊疗护理规范、常规的行为", "D": "医疗机构和医务人员"}, "answer": "造成患者人身损害", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男孩,3岁。自幼人工喂养,食欲差,有时腹泻,身高85cm,体重7500g,皮肤干燥、苍白,腹部皮下脂肪厚度约0.3cm,脉搏缓慢,心音较低钝。2.假设此患儿出现哭而少泪,眼球结膜有:毕脱斑,则有(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素A缺乏", "B": "维生素B缺乏", "C": "维生素C缺乏", "D": "维生素D缺乏"}, "answer": "维生素A缺乏", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肺动脉栓塞引起猝死的原因不包括哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "支气管动脉痉挛", "B": "肺动脉痉挛", "C": "支气管及肺泡管痉挛", "D": "肺出血性梗死"}, "answer": "肺出血性梗死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪一心音可作为心室舒张期开始的标志?(  )", "options": {"A": "第三心音", "B": "第二心音", "C": "第一心音", "D": "主动脉、二尖瓣关闭音"}, "answer": "第二心音", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "动脉粥样硬化症可出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿少夫细胞", "B": "类上皮细胞", "C": "泡沫细胞", "D": "嗜神经细胞现象"}, "answer": "泡沫细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "根据《临床输血技术规范》中有关《临床输血申请单》的规定,表述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "申请单由经治医生填写", "B": "患者及其家属在上面签字", "C": "由主治医生核准签字", "D": "连同患者血样在预定输血日前送交输血科(血库)备血"}, "answer": "患者及其家属在上面签字", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "月经周期为28天并有排卵的妇女,于月经周期第11天刮宫,镜检子宫内膜应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "增生期中期", "B": "增生期晚期", "C": "分泌期中期", "D": "分泌期晚期"}, "answer": "增生期晚期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.心房颤动转复成功后需继续抗凝的时间为(  )。", "options": {"A": "24小时", "B": "72小时", "C": "2周", "D": "4周"}, "answer": "4周", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.钩端螺旋体感染可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "黄疸出血症状", "B": "咽峡炎", "C": "关节炎及关节畸形", "D": "脊髓痨及动脉瘤"}, "answer": "黄疸出血症状", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "临床上对肾综合征出血热多尿期,低血钾的监测有很多方法,下述一组中哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "血钾", "B": "胸透", "C": "心电", "D": "尿量"}, "answer": "胸透", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "手外伤的术后处理不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抬高患肢防止肿胀", "B": "将桡骨茎突部的敷料剪开", "C": "术后用石膏托将手固定于伸直位", "D": "包扎时用纱布隔开手指同时露出指尖"}, "answer": "术后用石膏托将手固定于伸直位", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.判断弥漫性腹膜炎病因时最有意义的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹式呼吸基本消失", "B": "腹部压痛最显著的部位", "C": "腹肌强直呈板样", "D": "腹胀、肠鸣音消失"}, "answer": "腹部压痛最显著的部位", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.慢性肾功能不全出现肾性贫血最合适的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服碳酸钙", "B": "必需氨基酸疗法", "C": "补充1,25-(OH)2D3", "D": "促红细胞生成素"}, "answer": "促红细胞生成素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "青年男性,21岁,骑车后摔倒,X片示右腓骨上端骨折,未予处理,3日后右足逐渐下垂,不能背伸。最有可能是因为哪一点?(  )", "options": {"A": "伤及腓总神经", "B": "伤及胫神经", "C": "伤及腓肠神经", "D": "伤及隐神经"}, "answer": "伤及腓总神经", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于应激性溃疡不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可发生大出血", "B": "不会穿透胃壁全层", "C": "多发生于胃,也可累及食管", "D": "可发生于十二指肠"}, "answer": "不会穿透胃壁全层", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "9kg的小儿的年龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "3个月", "B": "6个月", "C": "9个月", "D": "1岁"}, "answer": "1岁", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.通过血行播散引起原发性腹膜炎的致病菌主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "变形杆菌", "B": "大肠埃希菌", "C": "肺炎链球菌", "D": "铜绿假单胞菌"}, "answer": "肺炎链球菌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.先天免疫缺陷是(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫调理", "B": "免疫抑制", "C": "免疫调节", "D": "建立免疫耐受"}, "answer": "免疫抑制", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.髓外硬膜内脊髓压迫症(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿便障碍出现早", "B": "尿便障碍出现晚", "C": "共济失调", "D": "无尿便障碍"}, "answer": "尿便障碍出现晚", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "子宫切除术后,病理检查显示:光镜下见子宫壁深肌层内有大量异型的滋养层细胞浸润,并有绒毛结构。最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫内膜癌", "B": "绒毛膜癌", "C": "侵蚀性葡萄胎", "D": "子宫颈癌"}, "answer": "侵蚀性葡萄胎", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女性,32岁,因昏迷被送来急诊,病史不详,查体:BP 90/60mmHg,瞳孔大小如针尖,呼气大蒜气味,全身肌肉颤动,多汗,两肺布满湿啰音。下列哪种诊断可能性最大(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿毒症昏迷", "B": "肝性昏迷", "C": "有机磷农药中毒", "D": "感染中毒性休克"}, "answer": "有机磷农药中毒", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,40岁,左颈部肿块半年,未扪及肿大淋巴结,细针穿刺细胞学检查显示乳头状癌。1.关于乳头状癌的说法正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肿瘤生长快且有侵犯血管倾向", "B": "淋巴结转移少见", "C": "恶性程度低,80%肿瘤为多中心性", "D": "高度恶性,预后很差"}, "answer": "恶性程度低,80%肿瘤为多中心性", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "骨关节炎的疼痛最主要的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "运动痛", "B": "休息痛", "C": "不定时痛", "D": "寒冷痛"}, "answer": "休息痛", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "类固醇激素不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "醛固醇", "B": "皮质醇", "C": "孕激素", "D": "肾上腺素"}, "answer": "肾上腺素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心肺复苏时首选的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素", "B": "阿托品", "C": "异丙肾上腺素", "D": "多巴胺"}, "answer": "肾上腺素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于胰岛素生理作用的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "促进糖的储存和利用,降低血糖", "B": "促进糖原异生", "C": "促进脂肪合成,抑制其分解", "D": "抑制蛋白质分解"}, "answer": "促进糖原异生", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,18岁,近1年来认为自己过胖,每日专注于自己的体重、体型,严格限制每日饮食,偶有贪食情况,但饱餐之后,立即自行呕吐,或服泻剂,现出现畏寒,体重偏低,月经停止,比标准体重减轻25%,经详细询问病史及各种检查既往无躯体疾病史,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺功能不全", "B": "癌症", "C": "神经性厌食症", "D": "神经性贪食症"}, "answer": "神经性厌食症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "25岁男性,60kg,双上肢全部、躯干前后面Ⅱ度烧伤,第1个24小时补液总量应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "5000mL", "B": "6000mL", "C": "3000mL", "D": "9000mL"}, "answer": "6000mL", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在哪种情况下机体容易发生免疫耐受(  )。", "options": {"A": "注射免疫球蛋白聚合体", "B": "小剂量注射细菌内毒素", "C": "胚胎小鼠注射淋巴细胞", "D": "裸鼠注射淋巴细胞"}, "answer": "胚胎小鼠注射淋巴细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "引起人类原发性非典型肺炎(PAP)的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "嗜肺军团菌", "B": "肺炎支原体", "C": "流感病毒", "D": "溶脲脲原体"}, "answer": "肺炎支原体", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3天的男婴,于2天前出现黄疸,逐渐加重,1天来嗜睡拒奶。查体:反应差,重度黄染,心肺(-),肝肋下3cm,肌张力低下。Hb120g/L,RBC3.9×1012/L,网织红细胞10%,胆红素359μmol/L。诊为(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿肝炎", "B": "先天性胆道闭锁", "C": "新生儿溶血病", "D": "新生儿化脓性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "新生儿溶血病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "硝酸酯类、β受体阻断剂、Ca2+通道阻滞药治疗心绞痛的共同作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "减慢心率", "B": "扩张冠状动脉", "C": "降低心肌耗氧量", "D": "增强心肌收缩力"}, "answer": "降低心肌耗氧量", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "用鸡尾酒疗法治疗艾滋病,病人症状好转,但血液中仍可查到病毒,其主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人出现抗药", "B": "不能坚持用药", "C": "长期服用抑制造血功能", "D": "不能杀死神经细胞和巨噬细胞内的HIV"}, "answer": "不能杀死神经细胞和巨噬细胞内的HIV", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于肿瘤抗原的描述中错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一直存在于机体中的蛋白质分子", "B": "细胞癌变过程中合成了新的蛋白质分子", "C": "细胞蛋白的特殊降解产物", "D": "隐蔽抗原表位暴露"}, "answer": "一直存在于机体中的蛋白质分子", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者女性,40岁。车祸致伤,即来院就诊,神志模糊,左耳道及鼻均有少量活动性出血,口腔内有较多污物及血外溢。查体:心率110次/分,血压140/90mmHg,双瞳孔等大等圆,直径3mm,对光反射存在。双上肢可自主活动,左大腿中段、右踝明显肿胀,活动受限。3.暂不需紧急进行的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头颅CT", "B": "双下肢X线摄片", "C": "配血,输血", "D": "20%甘露醇,静滴"}, "answer": "配血,输血", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "糖尿病酮症酸中毒的临床表现(  )。", "options": {"A": "食欲减退,恶心、呕吐,极度口渴,尿量增多", "B": "原有症状加重或首次出现“三多”伴乏力", "C": "严重脱水伴循环衰竭体征", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.发热3~4天出疹,出疹期热更高(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹", "B": "幼儿急疹", "C": "猩红热", "D": "水痘"}, "answer": "麻疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.肠伤寒属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "假膜性炎", "B": "肉芽肿性炎", "C": "变质性炎", "D": "出血性炎"}, "answer": "肉芽肿性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肝素抗凝的主要作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制血小板的聚集", "B": "抑制因子X的激活", "C": "促进纤维蛋白吸附凝血酶", "D": "增强抗凝血酶Ⅲ活性"}, "answer": "增强抗凝血酶Ⅲ活性", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "18岁男性,因摸到股骨下段质硬肿物来就诊,情绪紧张,压之肿块无疼痛,行X片示骨性肿物自干骺端向外侧突出,有一狭窄基底与骨皮质相连,据此你认为该患者可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨软骨瘤", "B": "骨巨细胞瘤", "C": "骨囊肿", "D": "骨肉瘤"}, "answer": "骨软骨瘤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,56岁,多关节痛1年,以双膝关节为首发表现,伴晨僵15分钟,查体:双手近端和远端指间关节压痛,骨性肿大,双膝关节骨摩擦音阳性,检查:血沉22mm/h,类风湿因子25U/L(正常20U/L),该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "风湿性关节炎", "B": "骨关节炎", "C": "未分化结缔组织病", "D": "痛风"}, "answer": "骨关节炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,36岁,3个月前因腹痛、腹泻脓血便,诊断为急性细菌性痢疾,经治疗好转。但其后大便经常不正常,吃生冷食物及劳累后大便次数增多,4~6次/日,不成形,有黏液,伴阵发性腹痛及里急后重,粪便镜检每高倍镜视野白细胞20~30个,红细胞l0~15个。2.对明确诊断意义最大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "粪便培养", "B": "粪便涂片查细菌", "C": "消化道造影", "D": "试验性治疗"}, "answer": "粪便培养", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不属于病毒的致病机制的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使细胞融合", "B": "基因与细胞基因整合,导致细胞转化", "C": "在细胞内复制,造成细胞死亡", "D": "释放侵袭性酶使细胞裂解"}, "answer": "释放侵袭性酶使细胞裂解", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,50岁。肝炎肝硬化10年,门腔静脉分流术后3年。睡眠倒错、计算能力下降2天。该患者不宜进食的食物种类是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高蛋白饮食", "B": "高维生素食物", "C": "高纤维素食物", "D": "低脂饮食"}, "answer": "高蛋白饮食", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.基底膜正常(  )。", "options": {"A": "新月体性肾炎", "B": "膜性肾炎", "C": "膜性增生性肾炎(Ⅰ型)", "D": "轻微病变性肾炎"}, "answer": "轻微病变性肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述疾病最易出现Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖尿病酮症酸中毒", "B": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病", "C": "哮喘急性发作", "D": "肺血栓栓塞"}, "answer": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "低钾血症患者补钾速度一般不宜超过(  )。", "options": {"A": "12mmol/h", "B": "20mmol/h", "C": "40mmol/h", "D": "50mmol/h"}, "answer": "20mmol/h", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "月经量过多或经期延长但周期基本正常,应首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫内膜癌", "B": "子宫肌瘤", "C": "无排卵性功能失调性子宫出血", "D": "宫颈息肉"}, "answer": "子宫肌瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "妊娠早期合并甲亢最有意义的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多食,心率快", "B": "甲状腺肿大", "C": "消瘦", "D": "FT3、FT4升高"}, "answer": "FT3、FT4升高", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "如果某物质可由肾小球自由滤过,但不被肾小管重吸收和分泌,该物质可用来测定(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小管重吸收机能", "B": "肾小管分泌功能", "C": "肾小球滤过率", "D": "肾血浆流量"}, "answer": "肾小球滤过率", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "11个月婴儿发热、剧烈呕吐,嗜睡、烦躁交替出现,惊厥1次。前囟膨隆,右侧鼻唇沟变浅,颈项强直。其母患有肺结核。5.确定结核性脑膜炎诊断的可靠依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热,头痛,呕吐", "B": "脑膜刺激征", "C": "X线胸片示有结核灶", "D": "脑脊液中查到结核杆菌"}, "answer": "脑脊液中查到结核杆菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一位20多岁女青年因情绪低落,兴趣减退,失眠,对未来失去希望,来心理门诊就医2.如果给她做人格测定,首先考虑的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "MMPI", "B": "TAT", "C": "EPQ", "D": "洛夏测验"}, "answer": "MMPI", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,48岁。间歇性水肿10余年,伴恶心、呕吐2周。血红蛋白70g/L,血压20.7/14.7kPa(155/110mmHg),尿蛋白(++),颗粒管型2~4/HP,尿比重1.010~1.012。2.上例患者还应立即做的检查项目是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙肝病毒全套", "B": "24小时尿蛋白定量", "C": "血肌酐、尿素氮", "D": "血磷"}, "answer": "血肌酐、尿素氮", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,50岁。下楼梯时跌倒,左髋部剧烈疼痛,不能活动。经X线片检查见左股骨颈骨折,但断端相互嵌插,无明显移位,测Pauwels角<30°。其最佳治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "切开复位内固定", "B": "人工关节置换术", "C": "转子间截骨术", "D": "持续皮牵引6~8周"}, "answer": "持续皮牵引6~8周", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,50岁。乙型肝炎病史20年。近3个月肝区胀痛不适。CT检查:肝右叶5cm占位性病变。为进一步明确性质应首选检测(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲胎蛋白", "B": "癌胚抗原", "C": "CA15-3", "D": "CEA"}, "answer": "甲胎蛋白", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "通过输血传播的疱疹病毒有(  )。", "options": {"A": "EBV、VZV", "B": "HSV、EBV", "C": "CMV、EBV", "D": "VZV、HSV"}, "answer": "CMV、EBV", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "骨折的急救不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "创口包扎", "B": "妥善固定", "C": "迅速运输", "D": "开放骨折复位"}, "answer": "开放骨折复位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于糖皮质激素抗炎作用的正确叙述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对抗各种原因,如物理、生物等引起的各种炎症", "B": "促进创口愈合", "C": "抑制病原体生长", "D": "直接杀灭病原体"}, "answer": "对抗各种原因,如物理、生物等引起的各种炎症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "Ig分成KT两个型,其依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "VH", "B": "CL", "C": "VL", "D": "铰链区"}, "answer": "CL", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不会出现肉芽肿性病变的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结节病", "B": "细菌性痢疾", "C": "结核病", "D": "伤寒"}, "answer": "细菌性痢疾", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于T、B细胞免疫耐受的特点的叙述正确是(  )。", "options": {"A": "诱导T细胞耐受所需时间长,B细胞短", "B": "高剂量TD-Ag不能使T、B细胞产生耐受", "C": "低剂量TD-Ag仅能使T细胞产生耐受,不能使B细胞产生耐受", "D": "低剂量的TI-Ag均能使T、B细胞产生耐受"}, "answer": "低剂量TD-Ag仅能使T细胞产生耐受,不能使B细胞产生耐受", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿3岁,因发热呕吐15天住院。查体:嗜睡状,营养差,颈抵抗(+),右侧鼻唇沟变浅,右眼闭合不全,心肺腹部未见异常,巴氏征(+)。脑脊液:外观毛玻璃样,蛋白0.8g/L,糖1.24mmol/L,氯化物100mmol/L,白细胞160×106/L,多核45%,单核55%。1.诊断应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "化脓性脑膜炎", "B": "病毒性脑膜炎", "C": "结核性脑膜炎", "D": "隐球菌脑膜炎"}, "answer": "结核性脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "所谓Roger病是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "继发孔房间隔缺损", "B": "小型室间隔缺损", "C": "中型室间隔缺损", "D": "大型室间隔缺损"}, "answer": "小型室间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,28岁,双眼睑下垂,复视2年。溴吡斯的明治疗症状一度缓解。近期出现屈颈、抬头无力、四肢疲软。此病人属于重症肌无力的哪一型?(  )", "options": {"A": "全身型", "B": "眼肌型", "C": "脊髓肌型", "D": "肌萎缩症"}, "answer": "全身型", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.Tm值指(  )。", "options": {"A": "不同的核酸链经变性处理,它们之间形成局部的双链", "B": "一小段核苷酸聚合体的单链,用放射性核素或生物素来标记其末端或全链", "C": "双链DNA解链成单链DNA", "D": "50%双链DNA变性时的温度"}, "answer": "50%双链DNA变性时的温度", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.提示血容量不足的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中心静脉压很低,尿量多", "B": "中心静脉压偏低,尿量少", "C": "中心静脉压很高,尿量多", "D": "中心静脉压很低,尿量少"}, "answer": "中心静脉压偏低,尿量少", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "随着病情的变化,医患关系可以(  )。", "options": {"A": "由主动—被动型转化为指导—合作型", "B": "最终都要进入共同参与型", "C": "由主动—被动型转化为共同参与型", "D": "由一种模式转向另一种模式"}, "answer": "由一种模式转向另一种模式", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "胎儿能否衔接入盆的关键径线是(  )。", "options": {"A": "坐骨棘间径", "B": "入口前后径", "C": "坐骨结节间径", "D": "中骨盆前后径"}, "answer": "入口前后径", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,47岁,江苏人,因发热伴腹痛、腹泻20天人院,氨苄青霉素治疗无效。体检:体温39.2℃,四肢及躯干皮肤可见荨麻疹,腹股沟淋巴结轻度肿大,肝肋下4cm,质软,脾肋下1cm。血象:白细胞16.2×109/L.,嗜酸性粒细胞0.36;肝功ALT 100U/L。1.采集病史时应特别注意询问(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核病史", "B": "肝病史", "C": "疫水接触史", "D": "腹泻次数、性质"}, "answer": "疫水接触史", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "产褥妇,26岁。剖宫产术后16天,突然阴道大量流血3小时来院。入院时BP 84/60mmHg,心率122次/分,Hb 84g/L。2.该患者最可能的出血原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎盘附着面复旧不全", "B": "胎盘附着面血栓脱落", "C": "继发性子宫收缩乏力", "D": "子宫切口裂开出血"}, "answer": "子宫切口裂开出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "CEA在下述哪一种肿瘤中较多见?(  )", "options": {"A": "胃癌", "B": "食管癌", "C": "肠癌", "D": "肝癌"}, "answer": "肠癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "右心导管检查发现肺动脉血氧含量较右心室高,提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "右向左分流", "B": "肺动脉高压", "C": "房间隔缺损", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "以上都不是", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,女,6个月。咳嗽伴喘憋2天。查体:T 38℃,P 120次/分,R 80/分,烦躁不安,双肺明显哮鸣音,喘息缓解时可闻及少许中、小湿啰音,肝肋下2.0cm。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎链球菌肺炎", "B": "腺病毒肺炎", "C": "呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎", "D": "肺炎支原体肺炎"}, "answer": "呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "“一位20岁女性病人,入院后常常在窗前侧耳倾听,说室外有人在骂她,并称公安人员要来逮捕她,为此非常气愤,并向窗外大喊:“我要和你们辩论,不要诬陷好人……”该患者可能有下列哪一症状?(  )", "options": {"A": "被害妄想", "B": "假性幻听", "C": "错觉", "D": "言语性幻听"}, "answer": "言语性幻听", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,65岁。腹胀伴食欲不振半年余。查体:腹部膨隆,移动性浊音(+)。妇科检查宫颈光滑,盆底可触及多个质硬结带,左侧附件可触及6cm×5cm大小包块,呈囊实性,界限不清。3.该患者手术后首选的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生物治疗", "B": "内分泌治疗", "C": "抗结核治疗", "D": "化学药物治疗"}, "answer": "化学药物治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女孩,2岁,发热,腹泻、腹痛1天,大便5或6次,黏液便。镜检示RBC 25个/HP,WBC 25~30个/HP。下述哪一种疾病不考虑?(  )", "options": {"A": "空肠弯曲菌肠炎", "B": "产毒性大肠杆菌", "C": "细菌性痢疾", "D": "侵袭性大肠杆菌肠炎"}, "answer": "产毒性大肠杆菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者女性,42岁,已婚,因转移性右下腹痛2天入院,伴恶心呕吐,发热。查体:右下腹明显压痛,反跳痛,肌紧张。血常规:WBC18×109/L,N0.89,尿常规未见异常。2.根据诊断欲行手术治疗,下列术前准备错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "禁饮食,必要时胃肠减压", "B": "抗生素应用", "C": "低压灌肠", "D": "会阴部备皮"}, "answer": "低压灌肠", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "子宫肌瘤患者与临床症状轻重关系最密切的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌瘤大小", "B": "肌瘤生长部位", "C": "肌瘤与肌壁关系", "D": "肌瘤有无变性"}, "answer": "肌瘤与肌壁关系", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "24岁初产妇,月经周期规律,末次月经2005年1月28日,预产期应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2005年11月2日", "B": "2005年11月3日", "C": "2005年10月4日", "D": "2005年11月5日"}, "answer": "2005年10月4日", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某男性患者,65岁,患胃癌4年,晚期,已失去手术治疗价值,生命垂危。家属再三恳求医生,希望能满足病人心理上的渴求,收他入院。医生出于“人道”,破格将他收入院。究竟该不该收治这个病人,按医院的职能和任务要求,3.下述除哪项外都是应该收治的?(  )", "options": {"A": "医务人员有解除病人痛苦的责任", "B": "医务人员有诊治病人的责任", "C": "晚期癌症,治好无望,不收也是符合医德要求的", "D": "对治疗无望的临危病人,应收入医院进行治疗,目的是尊重人的生命价值"}, "answer": "晚期癌症,治好无望,不收也是符合医德要求的", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.公平原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "以病人作为受试对象的实验", "B": "以人作为受试对象的实验", "C": "选择受试者的时候需遵循的", "D": "保障受试者身心安全"}, "answer": "选择受试者的时候需遵循的", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某男性患者,48岁,冬季用煤炉取暖过夜,晨起家人发现其昏迷,急诊送往医院,体检:呈深昏迷状态,口唇呈樱桃红色,休克、尿少,测定血COHb浓度为60%,确诊为CO中毒。2.该患者抢救应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "激素治疗", "B": "改善脑代谢药物", "C": "高压氧舱", "D": "甘露醇静滴"}, "answer": "高压氧舱", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "可通过抗原非特异性方式杀伤病毒感染细胞的免疫细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中性粒细胞", "B": "B细胞", "C": "肥大细胞", "D": "NK细胞"}, "answer": "NK细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "Tc细胞(CTL)杀伤肿瘤细胞的机制不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "分泌穿孔素溶解破坏瘤细胞", "B": "分泌TNF等细胞因子间接杀伤瘤细胞", "C": "通过ADCC作用杀伤肿瘤细胞", "D": "分泌颗粒酶诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡"}, "answer": "通过ADCC作用杀伤肿瘤细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,64岁。持续胸痛4小时,突然出现头晕。查体:BP 95/65mmHg,心率32次/分,心律齐。心电图:Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联ST段弓背向上抬高0.3mV,V1~V5导联ST段压低0.2mV,QRS波群时限0.14秒。该患者最可能出现的心律失常是(  )。", "options": {"A": "二度窦房传导阻滞", "B": "完全性右束支传导阻滞", "C": "三度房室传导阻滞", "D": "窦性心动过缓"}, "answer": "三度房室传导阻滞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.胰岛D细胞分泌生长抑素属(  )。", "options": {"A": "外分泌", "B": "旁分泌", "C": "内分泌", "D": "动作电位刺激细胞分泌"}, "answer": "旁分泌", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.转复前需抗凝治疗的心房颤动是指其发作持续时间超过(  )。", "options": {"A": "24小时", "B": "48小时", "C": "72小时", "D": "4周"}, "answer": "48小时", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急非淋白血病最佳诱导治疗缓解方案为(  )。", "options": {"A": "VP", "B": "AT-R", "C": "DA", "D": "MTX"}, "answer": "DA", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.引起亚急性细菌性心内膜炎的最常见病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "白假丝酵母菌", "B": "苍白螺旋体", "C": "草绿色链球菌", "D": "淋球菌"}, "answer": "草绿色链球菌", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "钩端螺旋体病的主要传染源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "猫、鼠、兔", "B": "猪、牛、马", "C": "鸡、鸭、鹅", "D": "猪、鼠、犬"}, "answer": "猪、鼠、犬", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "HIV造成机体免疫功能损害主要侵犯的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD4+T淋巴细胞", "B": "CD8+T淋巴细胞", "C": "NK细胞", "D": "浆细胞"}, "answer": "CD4+T淋巴细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,28岁。宫内孕27周,右侧腹痛30小时,伴发热38℃,恶心。未吐。查体:宫底脐上两指。右侧腹部压痛(+),无包块,白细胞计数10.8×109/L,诊为急性阑尾炎。下列处理中,不恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使用广谱抗生素", "B": "剖宫产加阑尾切除术", "C": "使用黄体酮", "D": "不用引流管"}, "answer": "剖宫产加阑尾切除术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "易并发脑血栓的先天性心脏病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "室间隔缺损", "B": "房间隔缺损", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "卵圆孔未闭"}, "answer": "法洛四联症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "小片阴影,肺纹理增多,肺气肿多见", "B": "肺浸润,多发性肺脓肿", "C": "多种多样,基本改变为支气管肺炎征象", "D": "以肺门阴影增浓为突出"}, "answer": "小片阴影,肺纹理增多,肺气肿多见", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪项是胃癌最主要的转移途径?(  )", "options": {"A": "淋巴道转移", "B": "直接蔓延", "C": "种植转移", "D": "消化道内转移"}, "answer": "淋巴道转移", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "人类免疫缺陷病毒的靶细胞不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "单核巨噬细胞", "B": "CD4T细胞", "C": "CD8T细胞", "D": "小神经胶质细胞"}, "answer": "CD8T细胞", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一健康儿前囟约0.5cm×0.5cm,出牙8个,体重10kg,身长75cm,开始能独走,能叫出物品名字,指出自己的手、眼,其月龄大约为(  )。", "options": {"A": "6个月", "B": "8个月", "C": "12个月", "D": "16个月"}, "answer": "12个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于颈动脉窦和主动脉弓压力感受性反射的叙述,哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "动脉压力感受器直接感受血压的变化", "B": "反射中枢在延髓", "C": "在血压发生突然变化时对血压进行快速调节", "D": "是一种负反馈调节机制"}, "answer": "动脉压力感受器直接感受血压的变化", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "8岁女孩,8天前突发左膝关节剧痛、不能活动,畏寒、发热。体检:T39.2℃,P110次/分,左膝关节肿胀明显,膝表面皮温高。发病前左膝轻微外伤史。1.最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "左膝急性化脓性关节炎", "B": "左胫骨上段急性血源性骨髓炎", "C": "左膝关节创伤", "D": "左膝关节结核"}, "answer": "左膝急性化脓性关节炎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "确诊霍乱的主要依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "“米泔水”样泻吐物", "B": "无痛性腹泻", "C": "痛性肌肉痉挛", "D": "吐泻物检查霍乱弧菌"}, "answer": "吐泻物检查霍乱弧菌", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "麻疹病人解除隔离的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "隔离至热退", "B": "出疹后5d", "C": "出疹后10~14d", "D": "出疹后3~4d"}, "answer": "出疹后5d", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "我国围生期是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "妊娠第38周期到出生后满2周", "B": "妊娠第38周期到出生后满1周", "C": "妊娠第28周期到出生后满2周", "D": "妊娠第28周期到出生后满1周"}, "answer": "妊娠第28周期到出生后满1周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "幼儿时生长激素分泌不足可导致何种病症?(  )", "options": {"A": "巨人症", "B": "侏儒症", "C": "向心性肥胖", "D": "肢端肥大症"}, "answer": "侏儒症", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "分析胎儿不同出生体重和围产儿死亡率之间是否有关,可以选用的统计方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "t检验", "B": "χ2检验", "C": "相关分析", "D": "秩和检验"}, "answer": "相关分析", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "乳腺癌转移到哪处淋巴结较晚?(  )", "options": {"A": "对侧腋窝淋巴结", "B": "纵隔淋巴结", "C": "锁骨上淋巴结", "D": "乳内淋巴结"}, "answer": "锁骨上淋巴结", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肠结核最常见的发病部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙状结肠", "B": "回盲部", "C": "回肠末段", "D": "升结肠"}, "answer": "回盲部", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,64岁,跌倒后右手掌着地,腕部疼痛,肿胀,压痛,无反常活动,但餐叉状畸形明显,考虑该患者最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右腕关节挫伤", "B": "右腕Colles(科雷)骨折", "C": "尺骨茎突骨折", "D": "右腕关节脱位"}, "answer": "右腕Colles(科雷)骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "就医学伦理学的学科性质而言,在现代医学构成中,医学伦理学属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用医学", "B": "理论医学", "C": "技术医学", "D": "临床医学"}, "answer": "理论医学", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在破伤风的治疗措施中,下列哪项是关键?(  )。", "options": {"A": "彻底清创,引流伤口,消除毒素来源", "B": "使用破伤风抗毒素中和游离的毒素", "C": "控制和解除痉挛,预防窒息", "D": "积极支持治疗"}, "answer": "控制和解除痉挛,预防窒息", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.油漆过敏发病机制(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅰ型超敏反应", "B": "Ⅱ型超敏反应", "C": "Ⅳ型超敏反应", "D": "以上均不是"}, "answer": "Ⅳ型超敏反应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性乳房炎脓肿形成后,主要治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "局部热敷加理疗", "B": "全身应用抗生素", "C": "促使乳汁排出通畅", "D": "切开排脓"}, "answer": "切开排脓", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "情绪的特点不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "冲动性", "B": "深刻性", "C": "情境性", "D": "不稳定性"}, "answer": "深刻性", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.小儿风湿热发生心内膜炎时可表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "心音遥远,颈静脉怒张", "B": "心尖搏动弥散,心音低钝", "C": "心脏杂音早期随病情有变化", "D": "以膝、踝、腕、肘大关节为主"}, "answer": "心脏杂音早期随病情有变化", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.行动缓慢,无时间紧迫感(  )。", "options": {"A": "A型行为", "B": "B型行为", "C": "C型行为", "D": "E型行为"}, "answer": "B型行为", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.胎盘与宫壁界限不清时提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎盘滞留", "B": "胎盘剥离不全", "C": "胎盘嵌顿", "D": "胎盘植入"}, "answer": "胎盘植入", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有关诱导免疫耐受性的描述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫耐受性的建立与动物的种属品系无关", "B": "免疫细胞功能愈完善,愈容易形成免疫耐受性", "C": "免疫细胞功能越不成熟,越易于建立免疫耐受性", "D": "只有在胚胎期才能诱导形成免疫耐受性"}, "answer": "免疫细胞功能越不成熟,越易于建立免疫耐受性", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,55岁。慢性乙型肝炎病史15年,肝区隐痛2个月。腹部B超提示肝后叶直径约2cm的低回声结节。对诊断最有意义的实验室检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "碱性磷酸酶", "B": "T-谷氨酰转移酶", "C": "甲胎蛋白", "D": "CA199"}, "answer": "甲胎蛋白", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "感染性休克的常见病原体为(  )。", "options": {"A": "革兰阴性细菌", "B": "革兰阳性细菌", "C": "病毒", "D": "支原体"}, "answer": "革兰阴性细菌", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "促使心脏病孕妇死亡的主要因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "产程中用力过度致心力衰竭", "B": "孕妇年龄大", "C": "心力衰竭与感染", "D": "产后哺乳致心力衰竭"}, "answer": "心力衰竭与感染", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,39岁,反复心悸10余年,突发突止。发作时查体:心率180次/min,节律规整,心电图示QRS波群形态和时限正常。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "室性心动过速", "B": "窦性心动过速", "C": "阵发性心房颤动", "D": "阵发性室上性心动过速"}, "answer": "阵发性室上性心动过速", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1988年Saikku等发现肺炎衣原体感染与何种病相关?(  )", "options": {"A": "糖尿病", "B": "冠心病", "C": "肝炎", "D": "尿毒症"}, "answer": "冠心病", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于血浆NPN的叙述中错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "含量最多的成分是尿素", "B": "不包括氨基酸", "C": "其中的尿酸是嘌呤代谢的终产物", "D": "包括肌酸和肌酐"}, "answer": "不包括氨基酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胆汁中与脂肪消化关系密切的成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆固醇", "B": "胆色素", "C": "胆盐", "D": "脂肪酸"}, "answer": "胆盐", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是心室肌细胞兴奋性的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "有效不应期长", "B": "低常期长", "C": "超常期长", "D": "局部反应期长"}, "answer": "有效不应期长", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "诊断输尿管结石最简便的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "KUB平片", "B": "B超检查", "C": "排泄性尿路造影", "D": "逆行尿路造影"}, "answer": "KUB平片", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对动脉血压波动性变化较敏感的感受器存在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈动脉窦", "B": "颈动脉体", "C": "主动脉弓", "D": "心肺感受器"}, "answer": "颈动脉窦", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不属于有形成分输血的优点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一血多用", "B": "减少输血反应", "C": "降低心脏负荷", "D": "有效改善血容量"}, "answer": "有效改善血容量", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,28岁,10天前自海口来京。来京后,开始发冷、发热,持续3小时后出汗、热退,每两日发作一次,涂片找到疟原虫滋养体。最常用的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯喹加伯氨喹", "B": "乙胺嘧啶加伯氨喹", "C": "奎宁加伯胺喹", "D": "磺胺加乙胺嘧啶"}, "answer": "氯喹加伯氨喹", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿3岁,因发热呕吐15天住院。查体,嗜睡状。营养差,颈抵抗(+),右侧鼻唇沟变浅,右眼闭合不全。心肺腹部未见异常。巴氏征(+)。脑脊液:蛋白800mg/L,糖2.24mmol/L,氯化物100mmol/L,白细胞160×106/L,多核45%,单核55%。3.降低颅内压,首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "速尿", "B": "甘露醇", "C": "50%葡萄糖", "D": "腰穿减压"}, "answer": "甘露醇", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "伸直型肱骨髁上骨折,常见的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经血管的损伤", "B": "肱骨下段缺血坏死", "C": "坠积性肺炎", "D": "脂肪栓塞"}, "answer": "神经血管的损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医学伦理学的公正原则,是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "不同病人给予不同对待", "B": "不同的经济给予不同对待", "C": "同样需要的人给予同样的对待", "D": "不同的病情给予同样的对待"}, "answer": "同样需要的人给予同样的对待", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,57岁,体检发现血糖升高。既往有高血压、高脂血症史。其母患糖尿病。查体:2.下列降压药物中,应首选的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂", "B": "钙通道阻滞剂", "C": "β受体拮抗剂", "D": "利尿剂"}, "answer": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,33岁。B超检查在左乳房外上象限发现0.3cm×0.2cm大小的结节,局部切除送病理检查。结节内查见癌细胞,累及上皮全层,但未侵破基底膜。正确的病理诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上皮内瘤变Ⅰ级", "B": "上皮内瘤变Ⅱ级", "C": "原位癌", "D": "早期浸润癌"}, "answer": "原位癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肠梗阻非手术治疗中,矫正全身生理紊乱的主要措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纠正水、电解质紊乱和酸碱失衡", "B": "禁食", "C": "吸氧", "D": "抗感染治疗"}, "answer": "纠正水、电解质紊乱和酸碱失衡", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列措施不能预防术后肺不张的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "术前锻炼深呼吸", "B": "吸烟者术前两周停止吸烟", "C": "术后鼓励病人咳痰,定时翻身", "D": "给予大剂量抗生素"}, "answer": "给予大剂量抗生素", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "给来访者以心理上的指导和帮助的过程称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "心理诊断", "B": "心理评估", "C": "心理治疗", "D": "心理咨询"}, "answer": "心理咨询", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "35岁,C2P0,妊娠35周。1年前因妊娠5个月死胎而做引产术。产前检查:血压130/80mmHg,宫高36cm,胎心率140次/min,空腹血糖7mmol/L,尿糖(+)。3.该产妇分娩的新生儿,不必要的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "按早产儿的原则处理", "B": "注意新生儿有无反应性低血糖", "C": "气管插管加压给氧", "D": "早期哺乳"}, "answer": "气管插管加压给氧", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.他莫昔芬(  )。", "options": {"A": "干扰核酸合成", "B": "破坏DNA结构与功能", "C": "嵌入DNA干扰转录", "D": "影响激素平衡"}, "answer": "影响激素平衡", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不引起人畜共患病的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "霍乱弧菌", "B": "布氏菌属", "C": "炭疽芽孢杆菌", "D": "钩端螺旋体"}, "answer": "霍乱弧菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,25岁。3个月前因工作失误受到领导批评,觉得脸上无光,觉得同事看不起她,在背后议论她,不好意思出门,耳边常有命令性幻听。查体:躯体及神经系统无阳性体征。1.该患者的诊断最可能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑郁症", "B": "精神分裂症", "C": "内分泌疾病所致精神障碍", "D": "偏执性精神障碍"}, "answer": "精神分裂症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不是正常菌群致病条件的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "全身免疫功能低下", "B": "局部免疫功能低下", "C": "菌群失调", "D": "药物治疗"}, "answer": "药物治疗", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,65岁,2型糖尿病病史20年,查体:BP 160/95mmHg,心率65次/分,实验室检查:血Scr 160μmo1/L,血K+4.2mmol/L,尿蛋白(+),该患者降压药首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "利尿剂", "B": "血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂", "C": "钙通道阻滞剂", "D": "β受体拮抗剂"}, "answer": "血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,36岁。右下腹痛、腹泻4个月,伴低热。结肠镜检查在回盲部见环形溃疡。X线钡剂结肠造影可见回盲部跳跃征。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠淋巴瘤", "B": "肠结核", "C": "克罗恩病", "D": "结肠癌"}, "answer": "肠结核", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "确诊风湿热的主要表现哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "游走性多发性关节炎", "B": "心脏炎", "C": "发热", "D": "环形红斑"}, "answer": "发热", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "难以鉴别的肾癌和肾囊肿,最可靠的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "MRI", "B": "逆行肾盂造影", "C": "肾动脉造影", "D": "CT"}, "answer": "CT", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项为精神分裂症的特征性症状?(  )", "options": {"A": "注意力不集中", "B": "失眠", "C": "意识范围缩小", "D": "被洞悉感"}, "answer": "被洞悉感", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "抗原呈递细胞不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "单核巨噬细胞", "B": "B细胞", "C": "树突状细胞", "D": "粒细胞"}, "answer": "粒细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "胃癌诊断明确后,已不适宜行胃癌根治术且预后差的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃大弯癌肿已与横结肠粘连", "B": "持续性粪隐血阳性", "C": "合并中等量癌性腹水", "D": "进展期胃癌"}, "answer": "合并中等量癌性腹水", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,43岁,25年前曾发现蛋白尿,一直未检查和治疗,2周前出现恶心、呕吐。查体:血压190/120mmHg,轻度水肿,血肌酐360μmol/L,B超双肾缩小。3.该患者最可能的原发病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性肾小球肾炎", "B": "慢性间质性肾炎", "C": "急性肾孟肾炎", "D": "高血压肾病"}, "answer": "慢性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "艾滋病的最主要传播途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "性接触传播", "B": "血制品传播", "C": "密切接触传播", "D": "吸毒者共用针头传播"}, "answer": "性接触传播", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.食物蛋白质的生物学价值最高的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大米", "B": "黄豆", "C": "鱼", "D": "鸡蛋"}, "answer": "黄豆", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "适用于均数与标准差叙述的资料是(  )。", "options": {"A": "t偏态分布", "B": "正态分布", "C": "不对称分布", "D": "偏态分布"}, "answer": "正态分布", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,14个月,慢性腹泻2个月,近日发现面色发黄,皮肤有散在出血点。查体:心肺正常,肝脾轻度肿大,无震颤。血象:Hb90g/L,RBC2.65×1012/L。要早期诊断,应首先做什么检查(  )。", "options": {"A": "MCV、MCH、MCHC", "B": "骨髓穿刺", "C": "血清维生素B12测定", "D": "血涂片:查中性粒细胞分叶过多现象"}, "answer": "血涂片:查中性粒细胞分叶过多现象", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某一细胞因子在淋巴细胞识别Ag时作为第二信使,使T细胞活化成为有效应的细胞参与免疫应答。该细胞因子可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IL-1", "B": "IL-10", "C": "IL-4", "D": "IL-12"}, "answer": "IL-1", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于干酪样坏死的描述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多由结核杆菌引起", "B": "淡黄色、干燥、易碎", "C": "含有多量脂质", "D": "可见原有结构影像"}, "answer": "可见原有结构影像", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "腹部切口裂开的原因中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "营养不良", "B": "缝合有缺点", "C": "切口有血肿", "D": "腹部未用腹带包扎"}, "answer": "腹部未用腹带包扎", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "以下肛门截石位中,肛裂的好发部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "10点", "B": "4点", "C": "6点", "D": "8点"}, "answer": "6点", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.A型血人的红细胞与B型血人的血清相遇时,红细胞会发生(  )。", "options": {"A": "粘着", "B": "叠连", "C": "凝集", "D": "凝固"}, "answer": "凝集", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "贲门周围血管离断术需离断的血管中不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃冠状静脉", "B": "胃短静脉", "C": "胃网膜右静脉", "D": "左膈下静脉"}, "answer": "胃网膜右静脉", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,60岁,冠心病,突然心悸、气促、大汗。查体:BP 80/60mmHg。心率180次/min,节律轻度不规则,心电图示:室性心动过速。该患者的治疗应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "普罗帕酮", "B": "胺碘酮", "C": "非同步直流电复律", "D": "同步直流电复律"}, "answer": "同步直流电复律", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者腹部手术后,缝线未完全拆除。术后1个月,伤口处痒痛。将遗留的缝线及周围增生组织切除做病理检查时,可见缝线周围有何种病理改变(  )。", "options": {"A": "单核淋巴细胞、上皮样细胞和Langerhans巨细胞出现", "B": "单核巨噬细胞、纤维母细胞和多核巨细胞出现", "C": "单核巨噬细胞、干酪样坏死和上皮样细胞出现", "D": "新生的毛细血管、胶原纤维增生"}, "answer": "单核巨噬细胞、纤维母细胞和多核巨细胞出现", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某男,43岁,不间断饮白酒史20年,有时清晨即饮酒,近一月来出现失眠,无端怀疑妻子不忠,若其妻与异性交谈即发怒。1.所患疾病考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "酒精性妄想症", "C": "人格障碍", "D": "抑郁症"}, "answer": "酒精性妄想症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "电镜下所见肝细胞脂肪变的脂滴形成于(  )。", "options": {"A": "线粒体内", "B": "溶酶体内", "C": "内质网内", "D": "胞浆基质内"}, "answer": "内质网内", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "重型腹泻重度脱水者扩容宜用(  )。", "options": {"A": "1/2张含钠液", "B": "2:1等张含钠液", "C": "2/3张含钠液", "D": "高张含钠液"}, "answer": "2:1等张含钠液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "传统医学模式向现代医学模式的转变指(  )。", "options": {"A": "由自然哲学模式转变为生物医学模式", "B": "由生物医学模式转变为生物—心理—社会医学模式", "C": "由经验医学转变为实验医学", "D": "由临床医学转变为预防医学"}, "answer": "由生物医学模式转变为生物—心理—社会医学模式", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "28岁初产妇,5分钟前经阴道自然分娩一3200g男婴,处理好脐带后准备协助娩出胎盘。通过观察,以下哪项不是胎盘剥离征象?(  )", "options": {"A": "子宫体变硬呈球形,子宫底升高", "B": "阴道少量出血", "C": "阴道大量出血", "D": "耻骨联合上方按压子宫下段,脐带不回缩"}, "answer": "阴道大量出血", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,29岁,贫血病史1年,浅表淋巴结不肿大,肝脾未触及,血象呈现全血细胞减少,若诊断再障,哪一项意义最大?(  )", "options": {"A": "骨髓增生低下,造血细胞减少", "B": "网织红细胞减少", "C": "铁粒幼血细胞消失", "D": "巨核细胞增多"}, "answer": "骨髓增生低下,造血细胞减少", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项为心肌兴奋性变化的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "绝对不应期短", "B": "有效不应期特别长", "C": "超常期特别长", "D": "低常期较长"}, "answer": "有效不应期特别长", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某病人因车祸造成多发性骨折,多脏器破裂,如果不及时手术,就会危及病人生命。然而,同行的伙伴谁也不敢代替家属签名。这时,主刀医生站出来,说:“我签,有责任我负!”经过医务人员的全力抢救,病人终于脱离危险。医生最符合医学道德的做法为(  )。", "options": {"A": "主刀医生已把不施行手术抢救可有发生的后果告知他的伙伴,如抢救不成功,医生不应该承担法律责任", "B": "主刀医生代表患者亲人签字,表现了医生以病人利益为重、无私无畏的高尚医德精神", "C": "以上三点都符合抢救重危病人的道德", "D": "以上都对"}, "answer": "主刀医生代表患者亲人签字,表现了医生以病人利益为重、无私无畏的高尚医德精神", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "最有效的热力灭菌法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "巴氏消毒法", "B": "流动蒸汽消毒法", "C": "间歇蒸汽灭菌法", "D": "高压蒸汽灭菌法"}, "answer": "高压蒸汽灭菌法", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,27岁。腹痛伴呕吐10小时,起初疼痛在脐周,继而右下腹疼痛逐渐加重,既往无腹痛与便血史。查体:全腹肌紧张,有明显压痛和反跳痛,麦氏点压痛明显,肠鸣音减弱,腹穿抽出脓性液体。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "克罗恩病", "B": "肠伤寒穿孔", "C": "阑尾炎穿孔", "D": "溃疡性结肠炎"}, "answer": "阑尾炎穿孔", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "组织液的生成主要取决于(  )。", "options": {"A": "血浆胶体渗透压", "B": "有效滤过压", "C": "淋巴回流", "D": "组织液静水压"}, "answer": "有效滤过压", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿腹泻重度低渗性脱水第一天补液,下述哪一项最适合?(  )", "options": {"A": "2:1含钠液", "B": "4:3:2含钠液", "C": "3:2:1含钠液", "D": "2:6:1含钠液"}, "answer": "2:1含钠液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.糖尿病(  )。", "options": {"A": "注射加压素后,尿量不减少,尿比重不增加", "B": "注射加压素后,尿量减少,尿比重增加", "C": "禁水后尿量减少,尿比重增加", "D": "多饮、多尿,血糖升高"}, "answer": "多饮、多尿,血糖升高", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.乳头状瘤(  )。", "options": {"A": "良性间叶性肿瘤", "B": "皮肤、粘膜表面发生的良性肿瘤", "C": "恶性间叶性肿瘤", "D": "恶性上皮性肿瘤"}, "answer": "皮肤、粘膜表面发生的良性肿瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "迟发性外伤性颅内血肿发生率较高的时间是伤后(  )。", "options": {"A": "6小时内", "B": "12小时内", "C": "24小时内", "D": "24小时后"}, "answer": "6小时内", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,56岁。5小时前突发右侧胸痛伴咳嗽、憋气。否认其他病史。查体:R 24次/分,BP 130/80mmHg,双肺呼吸音清晰,未闻及干湿性啰音及胸膜摩擦音。心率102次/分,P2>A2,心脏各瓣膜听诊区未闻及杂音。胸部X线片未见异常。动脉血气分析示:pH 7.45,PaCO2 32mmHg,PaO2 55mmHg。下列检查对明确诊断意义最大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CT肺动脉造影", "B": "血D-二聚体", "C": "UCG", "D": "ECG"}, "answer": "CT肺动脉造影", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,24岁,心悸、多食、消瘦、易激动4个月,甲状腺1°肿大,甲状腺吸碘率3小时为60%,24小时为72%,诊断为Graves病。1.首选的治疗为下述哪一种?(  )", "options": {"A": "丙硫氧嘧啶治疗", "B": "手术治疗", "C": "普萘洛尔治疗", "D": "他巴唑治疗"}, "answer": "他巴唑治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,21岁。左胫骨下段横行骨折,经手法复位石膏固定后复查X线片。符合功能复位的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "断端旋转5°", "B": "断端重叠2cm", "C": "骨折向外侧成角5°", "D": "骨折向前方成角5°"}, "answer": "骨折向前方成角5°", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,70岁,下楼时不慎摔伤右髋部,查体:右下肢缩短,外旋50°畸形,右髋肿胀不明显,但有叩痛。2.为证实诊断首先要的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "普通X线片", "B": "MRI检查", "C": "核素骨扫描", "D": "关节造影"}, "answer": "普通X线片", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.感受性低,耐受性高.速度快而灵活(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆汁质", "B": "多血质", "C": "黏液质", "D": "抑制质"}, "answer": "多血质", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.大叶性肺炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤维蛋白性炎", "B": "肺弥漫纤维化", "C": "化脓性炎", "D": "肺大泡"}, "answer": "纤维蛋白性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,25岁,诊断为原发性甲状腺功能亢进,基础代谢率+25%,治疗应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "切除单侧甲状腺", "B": "甲状腺大部分切除", "C": "131I核素治疗", "D": "抗甲状腺药物治疗"}, "answer": "抗甲状腺药物治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "引起变态反应性甲状腺炎(桥本甲状腺炎)的抗原是(  )。", "options": {"A": "异种抗原", "B": "同种异型抗原", "C": "自身抗原", "D": "以上均不对"}, "answer": "自身抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,48岁。反复发生尿急、尿频、尿痛伴腰痛与低热10余年。曾查尿蛋白(++),近1年来出现无力,纳差、清晨恶心,偶尔呕吐。近日症状再现,尿蛋白(+),尿沉渣镜检白细胞20~30个/HP、红细胞偶见,血尿素氮13.6mmol/L,血肌酐353.6μmol/L,血红蛋白90g/L。3.目前应首先进行的检查项目(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿沉渣镜检找白细胞管型", "B": "尿沉渣中抗体包裹细菌", "C": "清洁中段尿培养", "D": "密切观察患者的血压"}, "answer": "清洁中段尿培养", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,34岁。突发右下胸痛,少量咯血2天。已婚,自然流产2次。查体:T 37.5℃,P 85次/分,右下肺叩诊呈浊音,呼吸音减弱,右下肢轻度肿胀。血常规:WBC 8.8×109/L,Hb 124g/L,PLT 64×109/L。胸部X线片示右侧少量胸腔积液。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺结核", "B": "肺炎旁胸腔积液", "C": "肺血管炎", "D": "肺血栓栓塞症"}, "answer": "肺血栓栓塞症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医疗机构使用非卫生技术人员从事医疗卫生技术工作应给予罚款处罚,其最高金额是(  )。", "options": {"A": "5千元", "B": "8千元", "C": "2千元", "D": "3千元"}, "answer": "5千元", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,55岁。高血压20年,不规则服药。某日晨突发头痛,意识不清,30分钟后送到医院。体检:昏迷,血压210/110mmHg,双眼向右侧凝视,左足外旋位。3.哪项辅助检查对明确诊断最有价值(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰穿检查", "B": "脑电图检查", "C": "头颅CT", "D": "开颅探查"}, "answer": "头颅CT", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "按照Glasgow昏迷分级计分法,重型颅脑损伤为(  )。", "options": {"A": "13~15分", "B": "9~12分", "C": "3~8分", "D": "1~2分"}, "answer": "3~8分", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,50岁,面色苍白,乏力半年,牙龈出血1周,化验血常规: Hb 72g/L,WBC 2.8×109/L,PLT 32×109/L。骨髓细胞学检查:增生明显活跃,原始细胞占0.02,全片见巨核细胞40个,铁染色示细胞外铁(++),环形铁粒细胞占0.01,诊断为骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)。根据WHO分型标准还需要进行检查的项目是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓细胞染色体", "B": "骨髓活检", "C": "骨髓细胞融合基因", "D": "骨髓干细胞培养"}, "answer": "骨髓活检", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "7个月小儿,咳嗽流涕2天,发热半天,体温39.0℃,惊厥1次,5min后自行缓解。体检:神志清,前囟平坦。肺呼吸音清,无脑膜刺激征。WBC 6.5×109/L,血钙2.24mmol/L。2.为进一步明确诊断,最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "热退1周后做脑电图", "B": "脑脊液检查", "C": "头颅CT", "D": "头颅B超"}, "answer": "热退1周后做脑电图", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "53岁,男性,饮酒中发生言语不清、呕吐,随即昏迷。查体:血压195/120mmHg,双眼球向左共同偏视,右鼻唇沟浅,右侧肢体坠落实验阳性,对针刺无反应。诊断为脑出血,其部位应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "左侧基底节", "B": "右脑桥", "C": "左脑桥", "D": "右侧基底节"}, "answer": "左侧基底节", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,32岁。周期性空腹及夜间上腹痛4年,饱食后突发剧烈上腹痛3小时。查体:上腹部腹肌紧张,压痛阳性。肝浊音界消失。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃溃疡合并出血", "B": "十二指肠溃疡穿孔", "C": "急性胰腺炎", "D": "急性腹膜炎"}, "answer": "十二指肠溃疡穿孔", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "7岁患儿,患肾病综合征服用激素治疗,近日出现呼吸道感染症状,水肿加剧,厌食,乏力,嗜睡,血压下降,四肢稍凉。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低钙血症", "B": "高血压脑病", "C": "肾上腺危象", "D": "肾静脉血栓"}, "answer": "肾上腺危象", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "骨折的专有体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "畸形", "B": "疼痛与压痛", "C": "功能障碍", "D": "血运不良"}, "answer": "畸形", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,男,3岁,l周前无明显诱因发热,流泪、畏光,当地医院疑“上呼吸道感染”给予口服抗生素,4天后患儿病情加重,咳嗽,出现皮疹,今日来我院。体检见皮肤红色斑丘疹,双肺闻及湿啰音。诊断:麻疹合并肺炎。2.应隔离此患儿至(  )。", "options": {"A": "出疹后3周", "B": "出疹后5天", "C": "出疹后10天", "D": "出疹后3周"}, "answer": "出疹后10天", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.所谓“小三阳”是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "仅HBsAg阳性", "B": "仅血清抗-HBsAg阳性", "C": "HBsAg、HBeAg、抗-HBc均阳性", "D": "HBsAg、抗-HBe、抗-HBc均阳性"}, "answer": "HBsAg、抗-HBe、抗-HBc均阳性", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是DNA复制的主要方式?(  )", "options": {"A": "半保留复制", "B": "不均一复制", "C": "弥散式复制", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "半保留复制", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一臀位娩出婴儿,生后发现左大腿肿胀、缩短畸形,并有异常活动。1.为确定诊断首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血常规", "B": "出凝血时间", "C": "X线片", "D": "MRI"}, "answer": "X线片", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对医师有合理的个人利益的正确理解是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医师的个人利益都是天然合理的", "B": "医师的正当利益都应得到实现", "C": "医师的正当利益能够得医德的支持", "D": "医师的正当利益必须无条件服从患者利益"}, "answer": "医师的正当利益能够得医德的支持", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,25岁。头晕、乏力1周,发热伴牙龈出血2天。既往体健。查体:T 38.2℃,四肢及躯干皮肤可见出血点,胸骨压痛(+),心肺未见异常,腹平软,肝脾肋下未触及。实验室检查:Hb 78g/L,WBC 2.0×109/L,PLT 20×109/L,骨髓细胞学检查原始细胞占0.85,骨髓过氧化物酶染色(-),非特异性酯酶染色(-)。该患者应选择的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ABVD方案", "B": "DA方案", "C": "VDLP方案", "D": "VAD方案"}, "answer": "VDLP方案", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项不是临床肾结核的病理特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "空洞性溃疡", "B": "脓肾", "C": "钙化形成肾结石", "D": "“肾自截”"}, "answer": "钙化形成肾结石", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.鼠伤寒沙门菌小肠结肠炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "豆腐渣样大便,泡沫多", "B": "先吐后泻,大便次数多、量多、水多", "C": "大便呈糊状", "D": "大便颜色性状多变,新生儿多为败血症型"}, "answer": "大便颜色性状多变,新生儿多为败血症型", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,3岁,智能发育较同龄儿明显落后,体检:发育较小,两眼距宽,鼻粱低平,双眼外侧上斜,外耳小,舌常伸出口外,临床上拟诊先天愚型,下列哪项最具有确诊意义(  )。", "options": {"A": "智能低下", "B": "特殊面容", "C": "血清TSH,T4检查", "D": "染色体核型分析"}, "answer": "染色体核型分析", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,34岁,农民,7月初发病,发冷、发热、乏力、全身痛,皮肤粘膜有散在瘀点,5天后出现黄疸,渐加重。查:T 39℃,眼结膜充血,巩膜黄染,肝肋下1cm,脾未及。化验:ALT190U/L,TBil 52μmol/L。尿蛋白(++),每高倍视野RBC、WBC均为10~20个,管型1~2个。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒性肝炎", "B": "钩端螺旋体病", "C": "流行性出血热", "D": "伤寒"}, "answer": "钩端螺旋体病", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性缩窄性心包炎最常见的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核性心包炎", "B": "急性非特异性心包炎", "C": "黏液水肿性心包炎", "D": "创伤心包炎"}, "answer": "结核性心包炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "儿童,发热、头痛、恶心呕吐2d,嗜睡1d。查体:体温39.5℃,浅昏迷,瞳孔等大,对光反应良,颈强(+),克氏征(+),胸腹部多个出血点。化验:WBC19×109/L,N0.85,诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核性脑膜炎", "B": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "C": "流行性乙型脑炎", "D": "流行性出血热"}, "answer": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "吗啡镇痛作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制前列腺素合成,降低对致痛物质的敏感性", "B": "激动脑室、导水管周围灰质的阿片受体", "C": "阻断脑室、导水管周围灰质的阿片受体", "D": "激动中脑盖前核的阿片受体"}, "answer": "激动脑室、导水管周围灰质的阿片受体", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.子宫内膜不规则脱落时,应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "月经第5~6日刮宫见子宫分泌反应内膜", "B": "经前3日刮宫见子宫内膜增生期改变", "C": "经前2日刮宫见子宫内膜分泌期改变", "D": "经前2日刮宫见子宫内膜分泌反应不良"}, "answer": "月经第5~6日刮宫见子宫分泌反应内膜", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,29岁。转移性右下腹痛伴发热36小时入院,诊断为急性阑尾炎。2.入院后腹痛加重,伴有寒战,体温40℃,巩膜轻度黄染,剑突下压痛,右下腹肌紧张,右下腹明显压痛、反跳痛,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性阑尾穿孔", "B": "阑尾炎合并胃穿孔", "C": "门静脉炎", "D": "阑尾与结肠形成內瘘"}, "answer": "门静脉炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下腹部手术拆线时间一般为术后(  )。", "options": {"A": "7~9日", "B": "4~5日", "C": "13~14日", "D": "6~7日"}, "answer": "6~7日", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,45岁,左乳房外上象限4cm×3cm肿块,距乳头5cm,可推动,但是病人双手叉腰时肿块活动度明显受限,左腋窝未扪及肿大淋巴结。3.术后选择CMF方案辅助化疗,应使用的疗程数是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2", "B": "6", "C": "10", "D": "14"}, "answer": "6", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,24岁,1年来闭经、乳房胀,TRH兴奋试验无明显变化。其最大可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "早孕", "B": "甲亢", "C": "催乳素瘤", "D": "结核"}, "answer": "催乳素瘤", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "佝偻病不易发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "发育较快的婴儿", "B": "牛乳喂养的婴儿", "C": "母乳喂养的婴儿", "D": "患慢性腹泻的婴儿"}, "answer": "母乳喂养的婴儿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,34岁,皮下结节3年,反复发作性头痛、共济失调4个月。体检:躯干、四肢、头皮下触及多个直径在0.5~1.0cm大小圆形结节,质韧,无触痛,与周围组织无粘连。临床诊断为囊虫病1.对进一步确诊有重要意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血常规", "B": "血沉", "C": "x线检查", "D": "皮下结节活组织检查"}, "answer": "皮下结节活组织检查", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.生后8个月时(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡介苗", "B": "乙型脑炎疫苗", "C": "麻疹疫苗", "D": "百日咳-白喉-破伤风混合疫苗"}, "answer": "麻疹疫苗", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,50岁。因急性中度一氧化碳中毒、意识障碍入院治疗,经吸氧、支持及对症治疗后,患者意识恢复,好转出院。2周后患者突然出现失语、不能站立、偏瘫、大小便失禁。查体:T 36.5℃,P 85次/分,R 16次/分,BP 120/70mmHg,双侧病理征阳性。首先需要考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中枢神经系统感染", "B": "急性脑梗死", "C": "药物中毒", "D": "急性一氧化碳中毒迟发脑病"}, "answer": "急性一氧化碳中毒迟发脑病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "临床上药物的治疗指数是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "ED50/TD50", "B": "TD50/ED50", "C": "TD5/ED95", "D": "TDl/ED95"}, "answer": "TD50/ED50", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性心肌梗死合并窦性心动过缓最常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "前间壁心肌梗死", "B": "下壁心肌梗死", "C": "高侧壁心肌梗死", "D": "广泛前壁心肌梗死"}, "answer": "下壁心肌梗死", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.相邻两血管供血区分界处缺血所导致的卒中类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "分水岭脑梗死", "B": "脑栓塞", "C": "脑血栓", "D": "腔隙性脑梗死"}, "answer": "分水岭脑梗死", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,10岁,以主诉咽痛、高热三天伴膝关节红肿、疼痛入院。查扁桃体红肿化脓,咽拭子经血平板培养出现无色透明溶血环,抗“O”试验阳性。下列哪项是引起感染的病原体?(  )", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "B": "乙型溶血性链球菌", "C": "肺炎链球菌", "D": "脑膜炎奈瑟菌"}, "answer": "乙型溶血性链球菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "国家对传染病菌种、毒种的采集采取(  )。", "options": {"A": "分类管理", "B": "分区管理", "C": "地域自制", "D": "医院管理"}, "answer": "分类管理", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "T细胞不具有的受体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "E受体", "B": "抗原受体", "C": "Tμ或Tγ受体", "D": "IgG Fc受体"}, "answer": "IgG Fc受体", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4∶3∶2含钠液的成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "4份10%葡萄糖3份0.9%氯化钠2份11.2%乳酸钠", "B": "4份1.4%碳酸氢钠3份10%葡萄糖2份0.9%氯化钠", "C": "4份5%碳酸氢钠3份0.9%氯化钠2份10%葡萄糖", "D": "4份0.9%氯化钠3份10%葡萄糖2份1.87%乳酸钠"}, "answer": "4份0.9%氯化钠3份10%葡萄糖2份1.87%乳酸钠", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "母乳喂养小儿不容易发生感染,因为母乳中含有大量的免疫因子,包括列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "不饱和脂肪酸", "B": "乳清蛋白", "C": "分泌型免疫球蛋白A", "D": "牛黄酸"}, "answer": "分泌型免疫球蛋白A", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "目前l型糖尿病的主要死亡原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "感染", "B": "高渗性非酮症糖尿病昏迷", "C": "心脑血管病变", "D": "糖尿病肾病"}, "answer": "糖尿病肾病", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一男婴,日龄4天,足月顺产,生后2天出现黄疸,拒奶,反应差,体温不升,皮肤发花。2.体检最能支持诊断的发现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心音低钝,心率快", "B": "皮肤苍白,贫血貌", "C": "肝脾肿大", "D": "脐部脓性分泌物"}, "answer": "脐部脓性分泌物", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "其中不是巨噬细胞在抗肿瘤免疫的特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可特异杀伤肿瘤的效应细胞", "B": "活化的巨噬细胞与肿瘤细胞结合后,通过溶酶体直接杀伤肿瘤细胞", "C": "巨噬细胞表面有Fc受体,通过特异性抗体介导AD—CC效应杀伤肿瘤细胞", "D": "处理和递呈肿瘤抗原,激活B细胞以产生特异性抗体进行免疫应答"}, "answer": "可特异杀伤肿瘤的效应细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,42岁。腹部撞伤3小时,持续性腹痛,未排尿。查体:T 37.5℃,P 110次/分,BP 90/60mmHg,腹式呼吸受限,腹稍胀,全腹肌紧张,压痛(+),腹部移动性浊音(+),肠鸣音消失。实验室检查:Hb 100g/L,WBC 12×109/L。最佳治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急诊剖腹探查", "B": "广谱抗生素治疗观察", "C": "胃肠减压观察", "D": "导尿、留置尿管观察"}, "answer": "急诊剖腹探查", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.鼠(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾综合征出血热的传染源", "B": "艾滋病的传染源", "C": "乙脑的传染源", "D": "狂犬病的传染源"}, "answer": "肾综合征出血热的传染源", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "诱导免疫耐受形成的最佳时期是(  )。", "options": {"A": "成年期", "B": "幼年期", "C": "老年期", "D": "胚胎期"}, "answer": "胚胎期", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列情形无须注销执业医师注册的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医师死亡", "B": "医师被宣告失踪", "C": "医师负有民事责任", "D": "医师中止执业活动满二年"}, "answer": "医师负有民事责任", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下哪种药物不治疗心房颤动?(  )", "options": {"A": "普萘洛尔", "B": "奎尼丁", "C": "利多卡因", "D": "维拉帕米"}, "answer": "利多卡因", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,20岁,颈前区中线甲状软骨下方可扪及2cm直径大小肿块,131#I1扫描示冷结节,硒甲状腺显影示冷结节处仍无放射性物质浓聚,B超示该肿块为实质性。可诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "颏下皮样囊肿", "B": "颈淋巴结炎", "C": "甲状腺腺瘤", "D": "甲状腺舌管囊肿"}, "answer": "甲状腺腺瘤", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "血红蛋白在出生后2~3个月出现生理性贫血时可降到(  )。", "options": {"A": "150g/L左右", "B": "120g/L左右", "C": "110g/L左右", "D": "90g/L左右"}, "answer": "90g/L左右", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列有关RNA分类、分布及结构的叙述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主要有mRNA,tRNA和rRNA三类", "B": "tRNA分子量比mRNA和rRNA小", "C": "胞质中只有mRNA", "D": "rRNA可与蛋白质结合"}, "answer": "胞质中只有mRNA", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于硝酸甘油抗心绞痛机制的叙述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "降低室壁肌张力", "B": "降低心肌氧耗量", "C": "降低左心室舒张末压", "D": "降低交感神经活性"}, "answer": "降低交感神经活性", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3个月内的小儿患化脓性脑膜炎的典型表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "拒食、吐奶、面色发青灰", "B": "惊厥", "C": "脑膜刺激征常阳性", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "以上都不是", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,3l岁,无诱因下腰痛5年,右下肢放射痛6个月,卧床好转后再发3个月,放射痛自腰部沿右臀部、右大腿后侧、小腿外侧至趾背侧。体检痛觉减退区位于右小腿外侧,趾背侧。3.如果上述体征存在,临床上最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "L3~4椎间盘后外侧突出症", "B": "L4~5椎间盘后外侧突出症", "C": "L5~S1椎间盘后外侧突出症", "D": "退变性腰椎管狭窄症"}, "answer": "L4~5椎间盘后外侧突出症", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于病毒性肝炎肝细胞的基本病变,下列哪一项描述是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "肝细胞嗜碱性变", "B": "肝细胞气球样变", "C": "肝细胞水样变性", "D": "肝细胞再生"}, "answer": "肝细胞嗜碱性变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "以下关于结核菌素试验错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "PPD 0.1mL", "B": "含有5个结核菌素单位", "C": "48~72小时看结果", "D": "硬结直径<10mm者为阴性"}, "answer": "硬结直径<10mm者为阴性", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,48岁。1年来常无故出现紧张不安、多虑、失眠、头晕、心痛、注意力不集中、阵发性心悸、胸闷、四肢无力。在多家医院就诊,头颅MRI检查均未发现异常。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "躯体形式障碍", "B": "广泛性焦虑障碍", "C": "X综合征", "D": "恐惧性焦虑障碍"}, "answer": "广泛性焦虑障碍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.用来鉴定DNA的技术是(  )。", "options": {"A": "亲和层析", "B": "离子交换层析", "C": "Northern印迹法", "D": "Southern印迹法"}, "answer": "Southern印迹法", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "第三产程不应超过多长时间?(  )", "options": {"A": "10分钟", "B": "15分钟", "C": "20分钟", "D": "30分钟"}, "answer": "30分钟", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.化脓性脑膜炎脑脊液检查往往是(  )。", "options": {"A": "外观呈毛玻璃样", "B": "墨汁染色", "C": "脑脊液白细胞数为数百至数千", "D": "抗酸染色"}, "answer": "脑脊液白细胞数为数百至数千", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男童,11岁,近2周来出现夜间入睡2~3h后起床,并在床边摸索,片刻后至厨房,再自行返回睡觉,动作机械,历时半小时左右,醒后不能回忆,体检、神经系统无异常,颅脑CT(-)、脑电图(-)。该患者诊断考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神运动性癫痫", "B": "夜惊", "C": "睡行症", "D": "分离性漫游"}, "answer": "睡行症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "阈电位是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "使K+通道突然关闭的临界膜电位", "B": "使Na+通道大量开放的临界膜电位", "C": "使Na+通道突然关闭的临界膜电位", "D": "使K+和Na+通道突然开放的临界膜电位"}, "answer": "使Na+通道大量开放的临界膜电位", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,48岁,右利手,能听懂别人说话,也能看懂书信和报纸,但不能说出自己要说的话(不是发音器官障碍)。请问该患者是左侧哪一脑区损伤?(  )", "options": {"A": "布洛卡三角区(中央前回底部)", "B": "额中回后部接近中央前回手区", "C": "颞中回后部", "D": "第二运动区"}, "answer": "布洛卡三角区(中央前回底部)", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.小儿极重度贫血的诊断指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Hb>120g/L", "B": "Hb 90~60g/L", "C": "Hb 60~30g/L", "D": "Hb<30g/L"}, "answer": "Hb<30g/L", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "哪一间隙的腰椎间盘突出出现拇趾背伸力减弱?(  )", "options": {"A": "L1~2", "B": "L2~3", "C": "L4~5", "D": "L5~S1"}, "answer": "L4~5", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄最具诊断价值的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸廓X线摄片", "B": "冠脉造影", "C": "抗O检查", "D": "心脏听诊"}, "answer": "心脏听诊", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "锡克试验的原理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅱ型变态反应", "B": "Ⅰ型变态反应", "C": "Ⅲ型变态反应", "D": "中和试验"}, "answer": "中和试验", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "临床试验中的双盲法是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "被观察者不知道分组情况和接受的治疗措施", "B": "被观察者与分析者均不知道分组情况和接受的治疗措施", "C": "观察者与被观察者均不知道分组情况和接受的治疗措施", "D": "观察者与分析者均不知道分组情况和接受的治疗措施"}, "answer": "观察者与被观察者均不知道分组情况和接受的治疗措施", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.数周或数月可发展为尿毒症(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性链球菌感染后肾炎", "B": "急进性肾炎", "C": "IgA肾病", "D": "慢性肾炎"}, "answer": "急进性肾炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是希尔德病性肾小球肾炎的肾脏表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "大红肾", "B": "颗粒性固缩肾", "C": "大白肾", "D": "蚤咬肾"}, "answer": "颗粒性固缩肾", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某女,39岁,有哮喘病史,1天前因发热服用阿司匹林250mg,用药后30min哮喘严重发作,大汗,发绀,强迫坐位。以下哪种说法正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "这是由于阿司匹林诱发了哮喘", "B": "这是阿司匹林中毒的表现", "C": "可用肾上腺素治疗", "D": "是以抗原-抗体反应为基础的过敏反应"}, "answer": "这是由于阿司匹林诱发了哮喘", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是氨基糖苷类药物在体内分布浓度较高的部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "细胞内液", "B": "肾脏皮质", "C": "脑脊液", "D": "结核病灶的空洞中"}, "answer": "肾脏皮质", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,24岁。发热4天,体温波动于38.2℃~39.5℃。化验血:Hb 134g/L,WBC 14.5×10g/L,N 0.85,胸部X线片提示左侧胸腔积液,胸水常规:有核细胞6000×106/L,多核0.89,胸水生化:pH 6.9,LDH 1400U/L。葡萄糖0.8mmol/L,ADA 48U/L。该患者除抗感染治疗外,还应采取的重要处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸腔闭式引流", "B": "抗结核治疗", "C": "胸膜活检", "D": "胸腔镜检查"}, "answer": "胸腔镜检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "甲亢常规治疗不宜选用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "碘化物", "B": "丙硫氧嘧啶", "C": "甲硫氧嘧啶", "D": "卡比马唑"}, "answer": "碘化物", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "哪一面不是枕骨大孔疝的常见症状?(  )", "options": {"A": "剧烈头痛,频繁呕吐", "B": "早期出现一侧瞳孔散大", "C": "意识障碍", "D": "呼吸骤停发生早"}, "answer": "早期出现一侧瞳孔散大", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初孕妇,24岁。规律宫缩12小时,羊膜囊完整,胎头S=+1,胎心140次/分。对该患者的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即行人工破膜", "B": "无需处理", "C": "立即剖宫产", "D": "会阴剪切"}, "answer": "立即行人工破膜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "伤寒病的肠道病变特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病变好发于结肠粘膜层及粘膜下层", "B": "不累及肠系膜淋巴结", "C": "形成与肠长轴平行的椭圆形溃疡", "D": "溃疡愈合后形成瘢痕引起肠狭窄"}, "answer": "形成与肠长轴平行的椭圆形溃疡", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "慢性萎缩性胃炎的病理改变中属癌前病变的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中度以上不典型增生", "B": "胃小凹上皮增生", "C": "假幽门腺化生", "D": "假幽门腺化生伴肠上皮化生"}, "answer": "中度以上不典型增生", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,26岁。饱餐后剧烈活动时腹痛2小时,持续性痛阵发性加剧,脐周伴腰背痛,呕吐频繁,吐后症状无缓解。腹肌紧张,脐周有压痛及反跳痛,肠鸣音亢进,有气过水声。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃扭转", "B": "急性出血坏死性肠炎", "C": "小肠扭转", "D": "肠系膜血管栓塞"}, "answer": "小肠扭转", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "红细胞的变形能力的大小决定于红细胞的(  )。", "options": {"A": "比重", "B": "数量", "C": "体积", "D": "表面积与体积的比值"}, "answer": "表面积与体积的比值", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.为了判断黄体功能进行诊刮的时间应选在(  )。", "options": {"A": "月经来潮6小时内", "B": "月经期5~6日", "C": "月经干净3~7日", "D": "月经干净10~14日"}, "answer": "月经来潮6小时内", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "毛果芸香碱滴眼的作用(  )。", "options": {"A": "缩瞳,眼压降低,调节麻痹", "B": "缩瞳,眼压降低,调节痉挛", "C": "扩瞳,眼压升高,调节麻痹", "D": "扩瞳,眼压升高,调节痉挛"}, "answer": "缩瞳,眼压降低,调节痉挛", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,50岁,肩病,僵硬,活动受限,颈部无症状,最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸廓出口综合征", "B": "颈椎病", "C": "臂丛神经炎", "D": "肩关节周围炎"}, "answer": "肩关节周围炎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,36岁。3年来出现劳累后胸闷、头晕。1小时前因胸闷自用硝酸甘油后感头晕加重,并出现短暂黑朦而来院。既往无高血压病史,无烟酒史.其父有类似病史。查体:血压120/70mmHg,脉率68次/min,双肺(-),心界不大,心律整,胸骨左缘3~4肋间可闻及3/6级收缩期吹风样杂音,A2减弱。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肥厚性心肌病", "B": "扩张型心肌病", "C": "先天性心肌病", "D": "克山病"}, "answer": "肥厚性心肌病", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,6个月,因便秘、食欲差、嗜睡、反应迟钝来诊。查体:体温:35.5℃,脉搏100次/分,呼吸30次/分,皮肤粗糙,干燥,头大,颈短,眼距宽,鼻梁宽平,腹胀,脐疝。2.为明确诊断应做哪一项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "染色体检查", "B": "T3、T4、TSH", "C": "血离子", "D": "代谢病筛查"}, "answer": "T3、T4、TSH", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述提法哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "吗啡引起的呕吐可用氯丙嗪来对抗", "B": "吗啡在不影响其他感觉的剂量即可镇痛", "C": "麻醉性镇痛药的基本特点均与吗啡相似", "D": "纳洛酮可以拮抗各种药物引起的呼吸抑制作用"}, "answer": "纳洛酮可以拮抗各种药物引起的呼吸抑制作用", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "利多卡因对哪一种心律失常无效?(  )", "options": {"A": "室性期前收缩", "B": "心室颤动", "C": "室上性心动过速", "D": "强心苷引起的室性心律失常"}, "answer": "室上性心动过速", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "MHC是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "染色体上互不相干的几组基因群", "B": "染色体上编码移植抗原的一组紧密连锁的基因群", "C": "染色体上编码主要组织相容性抗原的一组紧密连锁的基因群", "D": "染色体上编码次要组织相容性抗原的一组紧密连锁的基因群"}, "answer": "染色体上编码主要组织相容性抗原的一组紧密连锁的基因群", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于心身关系,你认为最正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心身二元论", "B": "心身统一论", "C": "神灵支配论", "D": "心身平行论"}, "answer": "心身统一论", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一新生儿36周,体重2000g,家长咨询,生后什么时间给予铁剂预防贫血(  )。", "options": {"A": "生后3个月", "B": "生后2个月", "C": "生后1个月", "D": "生后4个月"}, "answer": "生后2个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,36岁,入院诊断为扩张型心肌病,心功能Ⅳ级。心电图示心率96次/min,心房颤动。血清钾6.5mmol/L,血清钠130mmol/L。不宜对该患者应用(  )。", "options": {"A": "地高辛", "B": "呋塞米(速尿)", "C": "螺内酯(安体舒通)", "D": "阿司匹林"}, "answer": "螺内酯(安体舒通)", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.发现乙类传染病病人时,城镇应当发出报告的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "6h内", "B": "12h内", "C": "24h内", "D": "36h内"}, "answer": "12h内", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "再生力最强的组织是(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经节细胞", "B": "骨组织", "C": "软骨组织", "D": "神经胶质细胞"}, "answer": "神经胶质细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "未经医师(士)亲自诊查患者或亲自接产,医疗机构不得出具某些证明文件,但可以出具(  )。", "options": {"A": "疾病诊断书", "B": "死产报告书", "C": "死亡证明书", "D": "医疗纠纷分析书面证言"}, "answer": "医疗纠纷分析书面证言", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.克罗恩病患者最常见的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠穿孔", "B": "肠出血", "C": "肠梗阻", "D": "中毒性巨结肠"}, "answer": "肠梗阻", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "小片阴影,肺纹理增多,肺气肿多见", "B": "X线早于体征,大小不等的片状阴影或融合成大病灶", "C": "多种多样.基本改变为支气管肺炎征象", "D": "以肺门阴影增浓为突出"}, "answer": "小片阴影,肺纹理增多,肺气肿多见", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.神经细胞动作电位的主要组成是(  )。", "options": {"A": "峰电位", "B": "阈电位", "C": "静息电位", "D": "局部电位"}, "answer": "峰电位", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心理过程包括哪三个过程?(  )", "options": {"A": "动力、活动和评价", "B": "气质、性格和能力", "C": "认识、情绪和意志", "D": "认识、人格和活动"}, "answer": "认识、情绪和意志", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "执行职务的医疗保健人员发现下列情况,必须按照国务院卫生行政部门规定的时限向当地卫生防疫机构报告疫情(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲类、乙类和丙类传染病病原携带者", "B": "甲类、乙类和丙类传染病病人", "C": "甲类、乙类和监测区域内的丙类传染病病人,病原携带者,疑似传染病病人", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "甲类、乙类和监测区域内的丙类传染病病人,病原携带者,疑似传染病病人", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "引起气性坏疽的微生物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "产气荚膜梭菌", "B": "梅毒螺旋体", "C": "衣原体", "D": "白念珠菌"}, "answer": "产气荚膜梭菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "老人,82岁,左环指末节离断伤并环指掌侧面有纵行长约6cm皮裂伤,考虑治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "示指残端做邻指皮瓣掌侧面皮肤缝合", "B": "指骨短缩,右掌侧面皮肤直接缝合", "C": "示指残端做中厚植皮,掌侧面皮肤直接缝合", "D": "短缩指骨缝皮肤,掌侧面创口做“Z”字形缝合"}, "answer": "短缩指骨缝皮肤,掌侧面创口做“Z”字形缝合", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,35岁。腹泻、纳差、乏力、发热5月余。大便为黄色糊状,无黏液及脓血,3~5次/日,体温37.5℃~38.0℃。发病以来体重减轻约8kg。2.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿米巴肠病", "B": "溃疡性结肠炎", "C": "肠结核", "D": "克罗恩病"}, "answer": "肠结核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在组织中的主要APC是(  )。", "options": {"A": "树突状的细胞", "B": "B细胞", "C": "并指状细胞", "D": "Mφ"}, "answer": "Mφ", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有一妇女产后阴道流血,检查发现宫腔内有一肿块,取出标本呈灰白和暗红色相间,镜下见两种细胞形态,一种为多核细胞,核深染,另一种为多角形细胞,而且胞浆丰富,核大明亮,有大片出血坏死。此瘤可诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "恶性葡萄胎", "B": "绒毛膜上皮癌", "C": "癌肉瘤", "D": "平滑肌肉瘤"}, "answer": "绒毛膜上皮癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "能抑制胃排空的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "壁内神经丛反射", "B": "迷走-迷走反射", "C": "进入胃内的食物", "D": "肠-胃反射"}, "answer": "肠-胃反射", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.急性肾小球肾炎首选的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "休息和对症处理", "B": "泼尼松联合环磷酰胺", "C": "血浆置换", "D": "单独使用环孢素"}, "answer": "休息和对症处理", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "乳腺癌治疗方法不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "化学药物治疗", "B": "雌激素补充治疗", "C": "放射治疗", "D": "免疫治疗"}, "answer": "雌激素补充治疗", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "选定暴露和未暴露于某种因素的两种人群,追踪其各自的发病结局,比较两者发病结局的差异,从而判断暴露因素与发病有无因果关联及关联程度,该研究为(  )。", "options": {"A": "病例对照研究", "B": "现场干预试验", "C": "队列研究", "D": "现况研究"}, "answer": "队列研究", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.B淋巴细胞在免疫应答过程中可产生的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫球蛋白", "B": "免疫球蛋白M", "C": "干扰素", "D": "补体"}, "answer": "免疫球蛋白", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "为了建立良好的医患关系,以下哪项错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "容忍病人的各种病态行为所带来的烦忧,不表示厌恶、鄙视", "B": "以商量的口气表达医师的态度,不伤病人的自尊心", "C": "尽量满足病人的一切要求", "D": "坚决避免其他不良目的和意图"}, "answer": "尽量满足病人的一切要求", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,8岁,枕部着地,昏迷5min后清醒,并自己回到家中,其后出现头痛并呈逐渐加重伴呕吐,1h后不省人事,急送医院。查体:17.3/12.0kPa(130/90mmHg),脉搏65/min,呼吸15/min,浅昏迷,右枕部头皮挫伤,左侧瞳孔4mm,对光反应消失;右侧瞳孔2.5mm,对光反应存在。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑梗死", "B": "颅内血肿", "C": "脑挫伤", "D": "颅脑肿瘤"}, "answer": "颅内血肿", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,32岁。因发热、胸痛5天就诊。查体:T 38.5℃,BP 120/80mmHg。双肺呼吸音清,心界不大,心率92次/分,律齐,胸骨左缘3、4肋间可闻及抓刮样粗糙音。屏气时仍存在。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤维蛋白性心包炎", "B": "急性胸膜炎", "C": "扩张型心肌病", "D": "病毒性心肌炎"}, "answer": "纤维蛋白性心包炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "真核细胞中RNA聚合酶Ⅲ催化转录的产物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "hnRNA", "B": "18SRNA", "C": "5.8SRNA", "D": "5SrRNA及tRNA前体"}, "answer": "5SrRNA及tRNA前体", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.结核性腹膜炎腹痛规律是(  )。", "options": {"A": "持续性腹痛", "B": "疼痛—排便—加重", "C": "进食—疼痛—缓解", "D": "疼痛—排便—缓解"}, "answer": "持续性腹痛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.让病人直接面对能产生强烈焦虑的环境,并保持一段时间,不允许病人逃避。这种心理治疗属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "释梦", "B": "满灌法", "C": "自信和社交技巧训练", "D": "自由联想"}, "answer": "满灌法", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "目前治疗日本血吸虫病最常用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呋喃丙胺", "B": "吡喹酮", "C": "硝硫氰胺", "D": "酒石酸涕钾"}, "answer": "吡喹酮", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于卡比多巴哪项是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "透过血脑屏障", "B": "抑制单胺氧化酶A亚型", "C": "转变成假神经递质卡比多巴胺", "D": "抑制L-芳香氨基酸脱羧酶"}, "answer": "抑制L-芳香氨基酸脱羧酶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5岁患儿,7月15日开始发热,38~39℃4天,伴头痛、恶心、呕吐一次,次日稀便3次,精神不振,抽搐一次。体检:急性热病容,嗜睡状,颈强(+),克氏征(++),血常规检查:WBC 15.0×109/L,脑脊液为无色透明,白细胞数100×106/L,中性80%。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中毒性菌痢", "B": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎(脑膜脑炎型)", "C": "流行性乙型脑炎", "D": "化脓性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "流行性乙型脑炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小白菜在烹调过程中最易损失的营养素为(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素A", "B": "维生素E", "C": "维生素B1", "D": "维生素C"}, "answer": "维生素C", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "主要用于治疗风湿性和类风湿性关节炎的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "布洛芬", "B": "对乙酰氨基酚", "C": "丙磺舒", "D": "非那西丁"}, "answer": "布洛芬", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,35岁,高热,皮肤瘙痒半月,右颈及锁骨上淋巴结肿大,无压痛,互相粘连,血红蛋白90g/L,白细胞10×109/L,中性粒细胞66%,淋巴细胞24%,骨髓涂片找到里-斯氏细胞。3.首选的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "干扰素", "B": "手术方案", "C": "放射治疗", "D": "放疗+化疗"}, "answer": "放疗+化疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "6岁女孩,诊断为肾病综合征,水肿,尿少,膝反射减弱,心音低钝,心电图出现U波,治疗中需及时补充(  )。", "options": {"A": "钾盐", "B": "钙剂", "C": "镁剂", "D": "维生素B1"}, "answer": "钾盐", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.心肌梗死后4周,发热、胸缩,超声心动图示心包腔内液性暗区,最可能出现的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左心室血栓脱落", "B": "心室膨胀瘤", "C": "心肌梗死后综合征", "D": "乳头肌功能失调"}, "answer": "心肌梗死后综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不把自己当病人,仍坚持工作是患者角色的(  )。", "options": {"A": "角色行为缺如", "B": "角色行为减退", "C": "角色行为强化", "D": "角色行为异常"}, "answer": "角色行为减退", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.治疗预激综合征合并快速心房颤动宜选择的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "地尔硫(硫氮酮)", "B": "洋地黄", "C": "阿托品", "D": "胺碘酮"}, "answer": "胺碘酮", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列属于阴道的特征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "孕育胚胎", "B": "产生月经", "C": "内分泌功能", "D": "性交器官"}, "answer": "性交器官", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪一项不是维护心理健康的原则?(  )", "options": {"A": "认识自己,悦纳自己", "B": "面对现实,适应环境", "C": "结交知己,与人为善", "D": "严格要求,永不满足"}, "answer": "严格要求,永不满足", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者感到周围的环境和事物失去了色彩和生机,好像与自己隔了一层膜。该表现属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "幻觉", "B": "梦样状态", "C": "朦胧状态", "D": "非真实感"}, "answer": "非真实感", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "B细胞能识别特异性抗原,因其表面有(  )。", "options": {"A": "Fc受体", "B": "C3受体", "C": "E受体", "D": "mIg"}, "answer": "mIg", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "病毒复制周期中隐蔽期是指下列哪个阶段?(  )", "options": {"A": "吸附", "B": "脱壳", "C": "生物合成", "D": "装配与释放"}, "answer": "生物合成", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "地高辛的t1/2=33小时,按每日给予治疗量,问血药浓度何时达到稳态?(  )", "options": {"A": "9天", "B": "6天", "C": "3天", "D": "15天"}, "answer": "6天", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪项是人体内合成尿素的主要脏器?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑", "B": "肾", "C": "肝", "D": "心"}, "answer": "肝", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不属于阑尾炎并发症的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "门静脉炎", "B": "肠外瘘", "C": "腹腔脓肿", "D": "粘连性肠梗阻"}, "answer": "粘连性肠梗阻", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,45岁。低热半年,牙龈易出血,全身浅表淋巴结肿大,肝右肋缘下3cm,脾肋下10cm。实验室检查:血红蛋白110g/L,白细胞计数200×109/L,原粒及早幼粒细胞为6%,骨髓原粒细胞为2%,Ph染色体阳性。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性粒细胞性白血病", "B": "慢性粒细胞性白血病", "C": "慢性淋巴细胞性白血病", "D": "类白血病反应"}, "answer": "慢性粒细胞性白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "活体内异常物体沿血流运行阻塞相应的血管的过程称(  )。", "options": {"A": "梗塞", "B": "栓塞", "C": "栓子", "D": "血栓形成"}, "answer": "栓塞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.肾病综合征激素中程疗法时间为(  )。", "options": {"A": "8~12周", "B": "4~6个月", "C": "6~9个月", "D": "1~1.5年"}, "answer": "4~6个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,46岁,左乳头刺痒,伴乳晕发红、糜烂3个月。查体:双侧腋窝无肿大淋巴结,乳头分泌物涂片细胞学检查见癌细胞,该病人癌变的类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳头湿疹样癌", "B": "髓样癌", "C": "黏液细胞癌", "D": "大汗腺样癌"}, "answer": "乳头湿疹样癌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肺通气与血流比值反映了肺部气体交换时的匹配情况。通气与血流比值增大表明(  )。", "options": {"A": "解剖无效腔增大", "B": "肺内气体交换障碍", "C": "功能性动.静脉短路", "D": "肺泡无效腔增大"}, "answer": "肺泡无效腔增大", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "耻骨及坐骨支骨折造成尿道滴血,此骨折属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "稳定骨折", "B": "青枝骨折", "C": "开放性骨折", "D": "嵌插骨折"}, "answer": "开放性骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于胸膜间皮瘤所致胸腔积液的叙述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是渗出液", "B": "是漏出液", "C": "LDH<200U", "D": "比重<1.018"}, "answer": "是渗出液", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿3岁,近1年多,哭甚时出现青紫,查体:心前区隆起,胸骨左缘第3~4肋间闻及Ⅳ级收缩期杂音,可触及震颤,X线检查示:左右心室及左心房增大,肺血管影增多,肺动脉段凸出。1.此患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "动脉导管未闭", "D": "法洛四联症"}, "answer": "室间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "判断风湿热活动性的指标不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "ASO增高", "B": "血沉增快", "C": "C反应蛋白阳性", "D": "发热、乏力"}, "answer": "ASO增高", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,62岁,诊断胃癌,血压150/95mmHg,中度贫血,消瘦,术前准备不是必要的项目是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纠正贫血", "B": "改善营养状态", "C": "血压降至正常", "D": "血生化检查"}, "answer": "血压降至正常", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿出生1天,足月顺产,24小时内出现黄疸,嗜睡,吸吮无力,肝脾肿大较轻。2.拟对该患儿采用光照疗法,光照需多长时间可使血清胆红素下降(  )。", "options": {"A": "8~12小时", "B": "12~24小时", "C": "16~28小时", "D": "18~30小时"}, "answer": "12~24小时", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "按照希波克拉底对气质的分类,不属于气质类型的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多血质", "B": "黏液质", "C": "胆汁质", "D": "神经质"}, "answer": "神经质", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,30岁,2周前曾去南方出差,2天前突然寒战、高热,体温最高达39.5℃,4小时后大汗淋漓、热退。3.临床有典型的疟疾症状发作(  )。", "options": {"A": "一部分裂殖子侵入红细胞内增殖后再释放入血", "B": "红细胞破坏,大量裂殖子、疟色素与代谢产物释放入血", "C": "当疟原虫在有肝细胞与红细胞内增殖时", "D": "裂殖子经几代增殖后,一部分发育成雌或雄配子体"}, "answer": "红细胞破坏,大量裂殖子、疟色素与代谢产物释放入血", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "通过细胞膜受体发挥作用的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "孕激素", "B": "糖皮质激素", "C": "甲状腺素", "D": "胰岛素"}, "answer": "胰岛素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,53岁,10年前出现情绪低落与情感高涨交替出现,情绪低落时表现为早醒、闷闷不乐、不思饮食,对事物失去兴趣,足不出户,轻生念头明显,持续2~3个月后,突然转为话多、兴奋、整日忙忙碌碌、四处购物、爱交际、自感精力充沛,才智过人,持续1月后,再次转为情绪低落,如此反复。体检及神经系统无异常。1.该患者诊断考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑郁发作", "B": "精神分裂症", "C": "双相情感性精神障碍", "D": "老年期抑郁症"}, "answer": "双相情感性精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "长期抗炎治疗哮喘的最常用的方法(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸入肾上腺素", "B": "吸入麻黄碱", "C": "吸入糖皮质激素", "D": "吸入色甘酸钠"}, "answer": "吸入糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以反复发作性干咳、胸闷为主要症状的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管哮喘", "B": "支气管异物", "C": "支气管肺炎", "D": "支气管结核"}, "answer": "支气管哮喘", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "维拉帕米不能用于哪一种疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "心绞痛", "B": "原发性高血压", "C": "慢性心动不全", "D": "室上性心动过速"}, "answer": "慢性心动不全", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "射血分数为下述何者的百分数?(  )", "options": {"A": "搏出量/体重", "B": "搏出量/心室舒张末期容积", "C": "心排血量/体重", "D": "心排血量/心室舒张末期容积"}, "answer": "搏出量/心室舒张末期容积", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于激素的生理作用,下列哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "调节机体的新陈代谢,包括消化道和消化腺运动", "B": "激素只对具有其受体的靶细胞起作用", "C": "不仅能影响细胞原有的代谢过程,还能创造或产生新的功能或反应", "D": "调节机体的生长发育和生殖功能"}, "answer": "不仅能影响细胞原有的代谢过程,还能创造或产生新的功能或反应", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "系统脱敏法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "将病人焦虑、恐惧的刺激分不同等级并逐步放松", "B": "要病人不予理会异常行为", "C": "通过分析刺激的情境改变态度", "D": "快速消退已建立的条件反射"}, "answer": "将病人焦虑、恐惧的刺激分不同等级并逐步放松", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.代谢性碱中毒(  )。", "options": {"A": "HCO3-↓,pH↓,PCO2正常", "B": "HCO3-↑,pH↑,PCO2正常", "C": "HCO3-正常,pH↓,PCO2↑", "D": "HCO3-↓,pH↑,PCO2↓"}, "answer": "HCO3-↑,pH↑,PCO2正常", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不属于21-三体综合征常见体征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "眼距宽,眼外侧上斜", "B": "韧带松弛,四肢及指趾细长", "C": "头围小于正常", "D": "舌常伸出口外"}, "answer": "韧带松弛,四肢及指趾细长", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,75岁,既往无高血压史,因感冒发现血压为180/80mmHg。3天后复查血压为165/86mmHg,超声心动图正常,肝肾功能正常。1.患者诊断应考虑是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾动脉硬化性高血压", "B": "神经性高血压", "C": "混合型高血压", "D": "单纯性收缩期高血压"}, "answer": "单纯性收缩期高血压", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对败血症有确诊依据的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血常规", "B": "中毒症状", "C": "血培养", "D": "血浆白蛋白测定"}, "answer": "血培养", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2型糖尿病的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "都有“三多一少”表现", "B": "患者空腹血糖都较高", "C": "空腹尿糖呈阳性", "D": "少数以酮症酸中毒为首发表现"}, "answer": "少数以酮症酸中毒为首发表现", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肌束震颤损害部位位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经肌肉接头", "B": "下运动神经元", "C": "肌肉", "D": "锥体外系统"}, "answer": "下运动神经元", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者女性,18岁,甲状腺弥漫性肿大,无突眼。甲状腺摄碘试验:2小时25%,24小时50%。清晨空腹测定脉搏70次/分,血压120/80mmHg,SPECT检查示甲状腺无结节。应考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺功能减退", "B": "甲状腺功能亢进", "C": "单纯性甲状腺肿", "D": "结节性甲状腺炎"}, "answer": "单纯性甲状腺肿", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女婴,5个月。咳嗽伴发热三天,喘憋1天。无明显咳痰,体温波动在38~39℃,喘憋进行性加重。查体:T 38.5℃,P 150次/分,R 60次/分,精神、反应可,双肺哮鸣音,双下肺可闻及细湿啰音,腹软,无明显压痛,肝肋下2cm。2.该病胸部X线片典型表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "双肺纹理粗", "B": "大小不等的片状阴影或融合成大病灶", "C": "小点片状、斑片状阴影伴肺气肿", "D": "肺浸润伴多发性肺脓肿、肺大疱"}, "answer": "小点片状、斑片状阴影伴肺气肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.上述哪项具有过敏毒素作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "C1-C4", "B": "C3B", "C": "C5b6", "D": "C3a"}, "answer": "C3a", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂的不良反应不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "低血钾", "B": "血管神经性水肿", "C": "对肾血管狭窄者,易致肾功能损害", "D": "咳嗽"}, "answer": "低血钾", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男孩,1岁,咳嗽持续1月,近3日突然高热,咳嗽频繁,痰多,患儿按时预防接种,3年前有结核接触史。查体:体温39℃,呼吸40次/分,面色苍白,心脏正常,右肺底闻及细小水泡音,肝肋下2cm质软。白细胞4.0×109/L,淋巴细胞占0.65。OT试验阴性。最可能诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管肺炎", "B": "支气管炎", "C": "粟粒型肺结核", "D": "支气管异物"}, "answer": "支气管肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.人对现实稳定的态度及与之相应的行为模式(  )。", "options": {"A": "能力", "B": "气质", "C": "性格", "D": "人格"}, "answer": "性格", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "诊断脾破裂最有价值的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左上腹部有外伤史", "B": "有进行性贫血", "C": "腹部有压痛和反跳痛", "D": "腹腔穿刺抽出不凝血液"}, "answer": "腹腔穿刺抽出不凝血液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是转氨酶的辅酶?(  )", "options": {"A": "磷酸吡哆醛", "B": "焦磷酸硫胺素", "C": "四氢叶酸", "D": "泛酸"}, "answer": "磷酸吡哆醛", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "易出现逆行性遗忘症状的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑外伤", "B": "精神分裂症", "C": "焦虑性神经症", "D": "抑郁症"}, "answer": "脑外伤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性硬膜外血肿的出血来源包括以下各项,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "矢状窦或横窦损伤", "B": "筛前动脉损伤", "C": "桥静脉损伤", "D": "脑膜前动脉损伤"}, "answer": "桥静脉损伤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.真菌的增殖方式为(  )。", "options": {"A": "孢子出芽增殖", "B": "复制增殖", "C": "二分裂方式增殖", "D": "有性增殖"}, "answer": "孢子出芽增殖", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "洛夏测验作为一种心理测验,其方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "投射法", "B": "作业法", "C": "观察法", "D": "会谈法"}, "answer": "投射法", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于蛋白质变性的描述下列合适的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "变性蛋白质的溶液黏度下降", "B": "变性的蛋白质不易被消化", "C": "蛋白质沉淀不一定就是变性", "D": "蛋白质变性后容易形成结晶"}, "answer": "蛋白质沉淀不一定就是变性", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "长期大量使用糖皮质激素,可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺皮质逐渐萎缩", "B": "肾上腺髓质萎缩", "C": "促肾上腺皮质激素分泌增加", "D": "促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素增加"}, "answer": "肾上腺皮质逐渐萎缩", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.肩关节周围炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "肩关节外展受限", "B": "肩部疼痛、无活动受限", "C": "肘关节活动受限", "D": "Finkelstein试验阳性"}, "answer": "肩关节外展受限", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "可治疗心身疾病的措施除外(  )。", "options": {"A": "不需要药物解除症状", "B": "学会自我放松和自我调节的方法", "C": "详细了解心理因素与疾病的关系", "D": "有针对性地进行心理治疗与心理护理"}, "answer": "不需要药物解除症状", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.非实验法(  )。", "options": {"A": "能操纵自变量,不能操纵因变量", "B": "不能操纵自变量,能控制因变量", "C": "不能操纵自变量,不能控制因变量", "D": "不能影响自变量和因变量"}, "answer": "不能操纵自变量,不能控制因变量", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.青霉素过敏性休克(  )。", "options": {"A": "属I型超敏反应性疾病", "B": "属Ⅱ型超敏反应性疾病", "C": "属Ⅲ型超敏反应性疾病", "D": "不属于超敏反应性疾病"}, "answer": "属I型超敏反应性疾病", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于大叶性肺炎的叙述,下面哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺泡腔内大量红细胞及白细胞", "B": "肺泡腔内有细菌", "C": "肺泡壁充血腔内有渗出液", "D": "肺泡壁结构破坏"}, "answer": "肺泡壁结构破坏", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.肱骨外上踝炎的阳性体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Froment试验", "B": "Dugas征", "C": "Thomas征", "D": "Mills征"}, "answer": "Mills征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有关DIC治疗,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "早期忌用抗纤溶治疗", "B": "低凝期可与肝素一起小剂量使用抗纤溶治疗", "C": "高凝血状态下出血症状明显的,应立即输新鲜血", "D": "抑肽酶适于DIC中、后期"}, "answer": "高凝血状态下出血症状明显的,应立即输新鲜血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "前置胎盘病例,仅适用于引导分娩的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "部分性前置胎盘而胎儿为头位", "B": "边缘性前置胎盘而胎儿为头位", "C": "部分性前置胎盘而胎儿为臀位", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "边缘性前置胎盘而胎儿为头位", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,骨盆骨折后下腹胀痛,排尿困难。检查:下腹膨隆,压痛明显,叩诊浊音。此时应考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "后尿道损伤", "B": "肠破裂", "C": "前尿道损伤", "D": "输尿管损伤"}, "answer": "后尿道损伤", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "26岁男患者,家住沈阳。于12月突然发病,表现为发冷、寒战、高热、大汗后而缓解,隔日发作一次,已10d。查体:脾肋下1cm,余未见异常,末梢血化验:WBC5.0×109/L,N0.68,L0.32,Hbl00g/L,血培养(-)。患者同年8月曾去海南旅游半个月。该患者发热的原因最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤寒", "B": "疟疾", "C": "败血症", "D": "急性血吸虫病"}, "answer": "疟疾", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "婴儿腹泻当补液纠正脱水与酸中毒后,患儿突然发生惊厥,首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "补液量不够", "B": "补液速度太快", "C": "低血钾", "D": "低血钙"}, "answer": "低血钙", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "早产儿,体重2.2kg,生后2天,诊断为新生儿溶血病,化验胆红素342μmol/L,出现嗜睡、拥抱反射消失,肌张力减低。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "化脓性脑膜炎", "B": "颅内出血", "C": "低血糖症", "D": "胆红素脑病"}, "answer": "胆红素脑病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,50岁。渔民,发现慢性血吸虫病8年,近日体检:皮肤、巩膜无黄染,未见明显肝掌、蜘蛛症。肝右肋下2cm,剑突下6cm,脾平脐。肝功血清ALT 150U/L,日本血吸虫特异性lgG抗体阳性。最有效的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "保肝治疗", "B": "糖皮质激素治疗", "C": "保肝治疗后吡喹酮治疗", "D": "脾切除手术治疗"}, "answer": "保肝治疗后吡喹酮治疗", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "婴儿Ⅲ°烧伤。第二个24小时每1%面积、公斤体重的额外补液量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "0.5ml", "B": "1.0ml", "C": "1.2ml", "D": "1.8ml"}, "answer": "1.0ml", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "消化性溃疡最常见的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "穿孔", "B": "出血", "C": "幽门梗阻", "D": "癌变"}, "answer": "出血", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "左心房增大合并明显肺动脉高压时心界呈(  )。", "options": {"A": "普大型", "B": "三角烧瓶形", "C": "梨形", "D": "靴形"}, "answer": "梨形", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1岁以内婴儿每天每公斤所需总能量约为(  )。", "options": {"A": "70kal", "B": "90kal", "C": "110kal", "D": "150kal"}, "answer": "110kal", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "类风湿关节炎最常受累的关节是(  )。", "options": {"A": "踝", "B": "肘", "C": "掌指", "D": "膝"}, "answer": "掌指", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,56岁,头痛、头晕2个月,并有时心慌。经检查:血压为180/11OmmHg,并有窦性心律不齐。最好选用哪一种治疗方案?(  )", "options": {"A": "氢氯噻嗪+普萘洛尔", "B": "硝苯地平+哌唑嗪", "C": "硝苯地平+肼屈嗪", "D": "氢氯噻嗪+可乐定"}, "answer": "氢氯噻嗪+普萘洛尔", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "5岁患儿,8月15日开始发热,伴头痛、恶心、呕吐1次,次日稀便3次,精神不振,抽搐一次。体检:急性热病容,嗜睡状,颈强(+),克氏征(++),血常规检查:白细胞15.0×109/L,脑脊液为无色透明,白细胞数100×106/L,中性80%。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎(脑膜脑炎型)", "B": "结核性脑膜炎", "C": "流行性乙型脑炎", "D": "化脓性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "结核性脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,G1P0,孕32周,感头昏,乏力,食欲差半月余,查:胎心,胎位及骨盆测量均正常,血红蛋白80g/L,血细胞比容25%,较准确的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "缺铁性贫血", "B": "地中海贫血", "C": "再生障碍性贫血", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,60岁,有饮酒史20年,每天饮半斤白酒。2年来间断上腹隐痛,腹胀乏力,大便不成形,双下肢水肿,B超示:肝脏回声不均匀增强,脾大,少量腹水。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性胰腺炎", "B": "酒精性肝硬化", "C": "慢性胆囊炎", "D": "胃癌"}, "answer": "酒精性肝硬化", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.激活蛋白激酶A需(  )。", "options": {"A": "cAMP", "B": "cGMP", "C": "磷脂酰丝氨酸", "D": "IP3"}, "answer": "cAMP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,40岁,干咳1周,右胸痛3天,胸痛呈持续性,咳嗽、呼吸时加重,无放射痛。查体T 37.8℃,BP 160/90mmHg,该患者胸痛最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "带状疱疹", "B": "食管炎", "C": "心绞痛", "D": "胸膜炎"}, "answer": "胸膜炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,45岁。因反复咳嗽1个月到社区卫生服务中心就诊。医生与其交谈中得知该患者已经吸烟20多年,3年前曾经尝试戒烟1个月并得到家人的支持和鼓励。但后来患者由于听说戒烟会生病等传闻而不再考虑戒烟。2.根据行为改变的阶段模式,目前该患者处于(  )。", "options": {"A": "维持阶段", "B": "行动阶段", "C": "无打算阶段", "D": "准备阶段"}, "answer": "无打算阶段", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "慢性苯中毒的损害主要涉及(  )。", "options": {"A": "中枢神经系统", "B": "肝", "C": "免疫系统", "D": "造血系统"}, "answer": "造血系统", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "引起医院交叉感染最常见的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核杆菌", "B": "耐药性金黄色葡萄球菌", "C": "乙型溶血性链球菌", "D": "变形杆菌"}, "answer": "耐药性金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,55岁。左眼睑下垂,复视5个月。查体见左眼球外展位,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左侧后交通动脉瘤", "B": "基底动脉瘤", "C": "椎动脉瘤", "D": "大脑中动脉瘤"}, "answer": "左侧后交通动脉瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "流行病学中的疾病之间分布是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "历史分布 地区分布 职业分布", "B": "人群分布 时间分布 地区分布", "C": "年龄分布 季节分布 地区分布", "D": "年龄分布 性别分布 职业分布"}, "answer": "人群分布 时间分布 地区分布", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小脑幕裂孔疝与枕骨大孔疝根本区别是(  )。", "options": {"A": "频繁呕吐", "B": "剧烈头痛", "C": "意识障碍发生较早", "D": "血压、脉搏、呼吸改变"}, "answer": "意识障碍发生较早", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于分娩的概念,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "妊娠满37周至不满42足周间分娩称为足月产", "B": "妊娠28周及28周以内为流产", "C": "妊娠28周至37周分娩为早产", "D": "妊娠43周之后分娩为过期产"}, "answer": "妊娠满37周至不满42足周间分娩称为足月产", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.胶体渗透压的维持主要依赖(  )。", "options": {"A": "清蛋白", "B": "脂蛋白", "C": "过路蛋白", "D": "免疫球蛋白"}, "answer": "清蛋白", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "强迫症治疗的药物宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑复康", "B": "维生素B族", "C": "氯丙咪嗪", "D": "安慰剂"}, "answer": "氯丙咪嗪", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,22岁。反复发作,上腹部疼痛6个月。胃镜检查见十二指肠球部溃疡。该患者不出现的生理变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "迷走神经功能亢进", "B": "促胃液素水平升高", "C": "内因子分泌减少", "D": "胃酸分泌增加"}, "answer": "内因子分泌减少", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "来源于T淋巴细胞的淋巴瘤类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "边缘区淋巴瘤", "B": "Burkitt淋巴瘤", "C": "间变性大细胞淋巴瘤", "D": "滤泡性淋巴瘤"}, "answer": "间变性大细胞淋巴瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为顺利完成各种活动所必备的基本能力?(  )", "options": {"A": "语言能力", "B": "辨别能力", "C": "特殊能力", "D": "一般能力"}, "answer": "一般能力", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "8月某日,某婚宴有8%用餐者先后因腹痛、腹泻就诊。大部分患者出现上腹和脐周阵发性绞痛,继而腹泻,5~10次/天,粪便呈洗肉水样。调查发现聚餐的主要食物为海鲜类食品,引起该食物中毒的病原菌最有可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄球菌", "B": "副溶血性弧菌", "C": "李斯特菌", "D": "肉毒梭菌"}, "answer": "副溶血性弧菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以下关于市场经济对医学实践所产生的影响错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "很好地促进医疗资源优化配置", "B": "降低了全体医务人员的道德水平", "C": "进一步提高了医疗机构的效率", "D": "更好地满足了医务人员的个人需要"}, "answer": "降低了全体医务人员的道德水平", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "氨苄西林主要适用于治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤寒、副伤寒", "B": "钩端螺旋体病", "C": "支原体感染", "D": "衣原体感染"}, "answer": "伤寒、副伤寒", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医学心理学在现代医学中的地位以下哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "有利于预防疾病理念的转变", "B": "有利于提高临床工作质量", "C": "有利于减少精神分裂症的发生", "D": "有利于改善医患关系"}, "answer": "有利于减少精神分裂症的发生", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于低钾型周期性瘫痪的诊断原则,下列哪项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "散发性病例需排除其他疾病", "B": "依据典型的周期性瘫痪的临床表现及家族史", "C": "甲亢性周期性瘫痪时血清钾无改变", "D": "补钾及醋氨氮酰胺治疗有效"}, "answer": "甲亢性周期性瘫痪时血清钾无改变", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,男,7月,因发热、腹泻2天于10月16日入院。2天前开始发热,呕吐2次,继之出现腹泻,稀水样便6~8次/天,量多,次日热退吐止,腹泻加重,尿量减少,精神萎靡,前囟眼窝凹陷,皮肤弹性差,心肺听诊阴性。6.应该选用下列哪项为小儿补充生理需要量(  )。", "options": {"A": "1/5~1/4张液体", "B": "1/3~2/3张液体", "C": "1/3~2/5张液体", "D": "2/3~等张液体"}, "answer": "1/5~1/4张液体", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "5.免疫球蛋白含量测定(  )。", "options": {"A": "玻片凝集法", "B": "试管凝集法(肥达试验)", "C": "抗球蛋白试验(Coomb’s试验)", "D": "免疫比浊法"}, "answer": "免疫比浊法", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在过去的几年里我国已取得了举世瞩目的卫生成就。其中,三级医疗卫生保健网发挥了重要作用。其设立的三种组织是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卫生行政、卫生业务、群众卫生组织", "B": "政府、群众组织、民间团体", "C": "党政、行政、业务", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "卫生行政、卫生业务、群众卫生组织", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.男,5岁,因突然发生剑突下剧烈疼痛,伴有恶心,呕吐,并吐出蛔虫急诊来院。诊断为胆道蛔虫症。患儿可给上述何药止痛(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛果芸香碱", "B": "新斯的明", "C": "阿托品", "D": "异丙托溴铵"}, "answer": "阿托品", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "产后感染引起新生儿败血症最常见的病原菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B群链球菌", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "C": "铜绿假单胞菌", "D": "肠杆菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在酒中加入戒酒药使酗酒者饮用后痛苦的恶心呕吐,抵消了饮酒的欣快感,从而促使戒酒,这种方法属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "厌恶疗法", "B": "标记奖励法", "C": "生物反馈疗法", "D": "放松训练"}, "answer": "厌恶疗法", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,50岁。陈旧性心肌梗死4年,高血压病史5年。体检:血压150/95mmHg,心率91次/分,降压治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "α受体阻断剂", "B": "β受体阻断剂", "C": "利尿剂", "D": "扩血管药物"}, "answer": "β受体阻断剂", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "7岁患儿,患急性肾炎,浮肿明显,每日尿量200ml,血压18/14kPa,呼吸困难,不能平卧,恶心,呕吐,头昏伴惊厥一次。2.此患儿抗生素应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素", "B": "红霉素", "C": "先锋V号", "D": "万古霉素"}, "answer": "青霉素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,60岁。突然不能说话,右侧肢体无力,约5~6分钟恢复,反复发作,发作后检查无神经系统体征。诊断应首先考虑的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "局灶性癫痫发作", "B": "脑栓塞", "C": "颈内动脉系统TIA", "D": "椎基底动脉系统TIA"}, "answer": "颈内动脉系统TIA", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "酪氨酸蛋白激酶活性受体的配体为(  )。", "options": {"A": "线粒体", "B": "基因", "C": "酶", "D": "某些生长因子"}, "answer": "某些生长因子", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "经典途径激活补体的抗原抗体复合物(  )。", "options": {"A": "sIgA与抗原组成的复合物", "B": "1个IgM与抗原组成的复合物", "C": "1个IgE与抗原组成的复合物", "D": "2个密切相邻的IgG4、与抗原组成的复合物"}, "answer": "1个IgM与抗原组成的复合物", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,35岁,右膝关节内侧疼痛、肿胀半年,曾在外院摄X线片,见右胫骨上端内侧有一5cm×4cm大小透光区,中间有肥皂泡沫阴影,骨端膨大。近1个月来肿胀明显加重,夜间疼痛难忍,右膝关节活动受限。入院后X线摄片示胫骨上端病变扩大,肥皂泡沫阴影消失,呈云雾状阴影,病变侵入软组织。3.复查时最重要的项目是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部X线检查", "B": "血尿常规", "C": "血碱性磷酸酶测定", "D": "尿本一周蛋白测定"}, "answer": "胸部X线检查", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "原发性三叉神经痛不应有的表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "患侧面部皮肤粗糙", "B": "面部痛觉减退", "C": "痛性抽搐", "D": "有触发点"}, "answer": "面部痛觉减退", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列组合正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肿瘤细胞-中性粒细胞-免疫防御", "B": "自身衰老细胞-抗体-免疫监视", "C": "葡萄球菌感染-中性粒细胞-免疫防御", "D": "结核杆菌感染-中性粒细胞"}, "answer": "葡萄球菌感染-中性粒细胞-免疫防御", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "特异性抑制胃壁细胞质子泵活性的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "哌仑西平", "B": "奥美拉唑", "C": "氢氧化镁", "D": "枸橼酸铋钾"}, "answer": "奥美拉唑", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性患者,消瘦,腹水,脾肿大,死后尸检报告肝脏表面及切面见灰黄色粗大结节,镜下汇管区附近见虫卵结节,无明显的假小叶,门静脉周围纤维组织增生,应诊为(  )。", "options": {"A": "血吸虫病肝硬化", "B": "血吸虫病", "C": "肝炎,肝硬化", "D": "肝血吸虫病"}, "answer": "血吸虫病肝硬化", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男孩,3岁,经常反复呼吸道感染,体格检查发现胸骨左缘第2肋间有2—3级收缩期杂音,无震颤,P2亢进伴固定分裂。胸透示肺门血管增粗,搏动强烈,右心室饱满。EKG示电轴右偏,V1呈rsR'型,RV115mm。1.该患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒性心肌炎", "B": "房间隔缺损", "C": "室间隔缺损", "D": "动脉导管未闭"}, "answer": "房间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.皮肤可见“红线”(  )。", "options": {"A": "疖", "B": "痈", "C": "丹毒", "D": "淋巴管炎"}, "answer": "淋巴管炎", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,27岁,后仰摔倒左枕部着地,伤后昏迷,检查发现患者左枕部头皮血肿,右侧瞳孔5mm,光反射消失,左侧瞳孔2mm,左侧肢体偏瘫,右侧肢体有自主动作,正确诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左额颞硬膜下血肿并脑疝", "B": "左额颞硬膜外血肿并脑疝", "C": "左枕头皮血肿并左额颞硬膜下血肿", "D": "右额颞硬膜下血肿并脑疝"}, "answer": "右额颞硬膜下血肿并脑疝", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "建筑工人不慎坠楼,腰剧痛,双下肢感觉运动障碍,排尿、排便功能障碍。2.为下一步明确骨折片向椎管内的移位情况,下述哪一项检查是最有价值的?(  )", "options": {"A": "ECT", "B": "CT", "C": "MRI", "D": "X断层摄影"}, "answer": "CT", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项为淋巴瘤最有诊断意义的临床表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "肝、脾大", "B": "长期周期性发热", "C": "盗汗、体重减轻", "D": "无痛性淋巴结肿大"}, "answer": "无痛性淋巴结肿大", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "吗啡不用于慢性钝痛是因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "对钝痛的效果欠佳", "B": "连续多次应用易成瘾", "C": "引起直立性低血压", "D": "引起便秘和尿潴留"}, "answer": "连续多次应用易成瘾", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,20岁。平素健康,淋雨后,突发寒战、高热、头痛。第2天出现右侧胸痛、咳嗽、咳痰,胸片示右上肺大片实变影。1.体检不会出现的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右上肺语颤增强", "B": "右上肺叩诊浊音", "C": "气管向左侧偏移", "D": "脉率增快"}, "answer": "气管向左侧偏移", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩,6岁。因发热2周,头痛伴呕吐3天,惊厥1次入院,疑诊结核性脑膜炎。3.入院次日,患儿突然心率增快,呼吸节律不整,双瞳孔不等大,错误的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰椎穿刺减压", "B": "甘露醇静滴", "C": "糖皮质激素静注", "D": "利尿剂静注"}, "answer": "腰椎穿刺减压", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "甲苯磺丁脲降血糖作用的主要机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "增强胰岛素作用", "B": "刺激胰岛β-细胞释放胰岛素", "C": "使细胞内cAMP减少", "D": "抑制胰高血糖素作用"}, "answer": "刺激胰岛β-细胞释放胰岛素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,45岁,肥胖7年,口渴多饮2个月,伴经常餐后3~5小时心悸、多汗、饥饿感,进餐后缓解,空腹血糖8.3mmol/L,尿糖(+)。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胰岛素性低血糖", "B": "胰岛素瘤", "C": "糖尿病", "D": "2型糖尿病,反应性低血糖"}, "answer": "2型糖尿病,反应性低血糖", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.玻璃器皿,瓷器等(  )。", "options": {"A": "焚烧", "B": "干烤", "C": "红外线", "D": "巴氏消毒"}, "answer": "干烤", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿2岁,生后半年发现尿有霉臭味,且经常呕吐,1岁时发现智力较同龄儿落后,目光呆滞,皮肤白皙,毛发浅黄。下述哪一项对该患儿诊断最有帮助?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑电图", "B": "染色体核型分析", "C": "尿三氯化铁试验", "D": "血液T3、T4测定"}, "answer": "尿三氯化铁试验", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,28岁。平时月经规则。现停经2个月,阴道流血10天。妇科检查:子宫如妊娠3个月大,软,无压痛,双侧附件区均扪及5cm囊性包块,壁薄,活动好,无压痛。血HCG增高明显。1.患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卵巢巧克力囊肿", "B": "早期妊娠", "C": "葡萄胎", "D": "子宫肌瘤"}, "answer": "葡萄胎", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "早期胃癌的定义是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癌浸润不超过肌层,无局部淋巴结转移", "B": "癌肿<2cm,无淋巴结转移", "C": "癌浸润不超过黏膜下层,不论有无局部淋巴结转移", "D": "癌浸润黏膜层、黏膜下层及肌层"}, "answer": "癌浸润不超过黏膜下层,不论有无局部淋巴结转移", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,5岁,高热2小时,反复惊厥3次,于8月20日晚6点就诊,追问病史,该患儿上午曾去公园进食玉米及葡萄等。查体:体温40.5℃,神志不清,呈抽搐状,面色发青,四肢凉,血压60/45mmHg,双瞳孔等大,光反应迟钝,心肺正常,腹软,颈强阳性,克氏征阴性。该患儿最可能诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "中暑", "B": "癫痫", "C": "中毒性细菌性痢疾", "D": "流行性乙型脑炎"}, "answer": "中毒性细菌性痢疾", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.国务院卫生行政部门(  )。", "options": {"A": "承担传染病监测、预测、流行病学调查、疫情报告以及其他预防控制工作", "B": "承担与医疗救治有关的传染病防治工作和责任区域内的传染病预防工作", "C": "领导本行政区域内的传染病防治工作", "D": "主管全国传染病防治及其监督管理工作"}, "answer": "主管全国传染病防治及其监督管理工作", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在饱和硫酸铵状态下析出的蛋白质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤维蛋白原", "B": "β球蛋白", "C": "α球蛋白", "D": "清蛋白"}, "answer": "清蛋白", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有机磷中毒时应用阿托品,下述哪一项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "达到阿托品化后减少阿托品的剂量或停用", "B": "用量应根据病情适当使用", "C": "与胆碱酯酶复活剂合用时,阿托品的剂量应减少", "D": "当出现阿托品中毒时应立即间隔给药"}, "answer": "当出现阿托品中毒时应立即间隔给药", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,30岁,停经43天,阴道少量出血伴右下腹隐痛2天。行吸宫术,病理报告为“蜕膜组织”。首先应考虑的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "闭经", "B": "月经", "C": "月经不调", "D": "异位妊娠"}, "answer": "异位妊娠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,3l岁,无诱因下腰痛5年,右下肢放射痛6个月,卧床好转后再发3个月,放射痛自腰部沿右臀部、右大腿后侧、小腿外侧至趾背侧。体检痛觉减退区位于右小腿外侧,趾背侧。2.如果右下肢直腿抬高试验60°(+),加强试验(+),提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰背肌痉挛", "B": "髋关节伸肌群痉挛", "C": "腘肌痉挛", "D": "组成坐骨神经的神经根受压或粘连"}, "answer": "组成坐骨神经的神经根受压或粘连", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,19岁,2日来出现皮肤紫癜,以下肢为主,两侧对称,颜色鲜红,高出皮肤表面,伴有关节及腹痛,应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性白血病", "B": "过敏性紫癜", "C": "血小板减少性紫癜", "D": "急性关节炎"}, "answer": "过敏性紫癜", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.切除肿瘤后胸水、腹水可自行消失的卵巢肿瘤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "库肯勃瘤", "B": "纤维瘤", "C": "无性细胞瘤", "D": "畸胎瘤"}, "answer": "纤维瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,50岁,高热,寒战5天,意识模糊1天。既往体健。查体:T 39℃,P 120次/分,R 22次/分,BP 80/50mmHg,皮肤散在出血点和瘀斑,双肺未见异常,心率120次/分,律齐,腹软,肝肋下0.5cm,脾肋下及边。检查:Hb 100g/L,WBC 25.3×109/L,血培养示大肠埃希菌生长,PT 18秒(正常对照13秒),INR 2.1,血纤维蛋白原定量108g/L,诊断为大肠埃希菌败血症,可能合并DIC。3.本例确诊DIC,需立即进行下列治疗,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗感染", "B": "抗休克", "C": "肝素抗凝", "D": "抗纤溶"}, "answer": "肝素抗凝", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,30岁,车祸2小时后来院。一般情况尚好,右小腿中上段皮裂伤14cm,软组织挫伤较重,胫骨折端有外露,出血不多。在进行X线片检查前1.应该进行的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "行简单的外固定及局部包扎", "B": "石膏固定", "C": "急送手术室", "D": "跟骨结节牵引"}, "answer": "行简单的外固定及局部包扎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.震颤麻痹的步态是(  )。", "options": {"A": "跨阈步态", "B": "划圈样步态", "C": "慌张步态", "D": "醉汉步态"}, "answer": "慌张步态", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "引起心肌炎最常见的病毒是(  )。", "options": {"A": "流感病毒", "B": "疱疹病毒", "C": "ECHO病毒", "D": "柯萨奇A组或B组病毒"}, "answer": "柯萨奇A组或B组病毒", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是控制长链脂肪酰基进入线粒体氧化的关键因素?(  )", "options": {"A": "脂酰CoA合成酶的活性", "B": "肉碱脂酰转移酶的活性", "C": "ATP水平", "D": "脂酰CoA的水平"}, "answer": "肉碱脂酰转移酶的活性", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "诊断子宫内膜癌最可靠的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞学检查", "B": "B超检查", "C": "分段诊刮", "D": "淋巴造影"}, "answer": "分段诊刮", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某细菌与金黄色葡萄球菌在血琼脂平板上共同培养时,菌落呈现卫星现象,该细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "白喉棒状杆菌", "B": "流感嗜血杆菌", "C": "布氏杆菌", "D": "鼠疫杆菌"}, "answer": "流感嗜血杆菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,40岁,农民,江苏人,1月前因下稻田着凉,近日发热2周,畏寒,体温在38℃上下,自觉腹痛,有腹泻,稀便。查体:表情淡漠,腹部有轻压痛,肝肋下1.0cm、剑突下2.5cm,周身可见荨麻疹。1.下列检查中最可能出现异常的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血小板减少", "B": "血嗜酸粒细胞升高", "C": "血白细胞在正常范围", "D": "血液浓缩"}, "answer": "血嗜酸粒细胞升高", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,21岁,高热1周,抗生素治疗无效,胸骨压痛阳性,浅表淋巴结及肝脾不大,白细胞3.0×109/L,血红蛋白20g/L,血小板5×109/L,骨髓原始细胞增多,以胞浆内有粗大颗粒的幼稚细胞占多数,亦见Auer小体。4.最有效的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消除诱因,治疗原发病的同时尽早应用肝素", "B": "用羟基脲迅速降低白细胞", "C": "鞘内注射MTX,Ara-C", "D": "加大化疗剂量或放疗"}, "answer": "消除诱因,治疗原发病的同时尽早应用肝素", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "最可能加重变异型心绞痛的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗血小板药物", "B": "硝酸酯类药物", "C": "钙通道阻滞剂", "D": "β受体阻滞剂"}, "answer": "β受体阻滞剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列对脂肪酸合成的叙述中错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生物素是参与合成的辅助因子之一", "B": "合成时需要NADPH", "C": "合成过程不需要ATP", "D": "丙二酰辅酶A是合成的中间代谢物"}, "answer": "合成过程不需要ATP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "典型麻疹首先出现皮疹的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "躯干", "B": "耳后、颈部发际边缘", "C": "四肢", "D": "手、足"}, "answer": "耳后、颈部发际边缘", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列不符合水痘皮疹特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮疹最初形态为斑丘疹", "B": "皮疹不伴瘙痒", "C": "粘膜处亦出皮疹", "D": "丘疹、疱疹、结痂可同时存在"}, "answer": "皮疹不伴瘙痒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.铅中毒(  )。", "options": {"A": "阻塞性黄疸", "B": "肝细胞性黄疸", "C": "后天性卟啉症", "D": "多发性骨髓瘤"}, "answer": "后天性卟啉症", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不宜单独用于治疗嗜铬细胞瘤的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硝普钠", "B": "β受体阻断剂", "C": "酚妥拉明", "D": "α-甲基间酪氨酸"}, "answer": "β受体阻断剂", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿患风湿热最容易发生心脏损害,尤其是心内膜炎,其首先受累的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺动脉瓣", "B": "静脉瓣", "C": "二尖瓣", "D": "三尖瓣"}, "answer": "二尖瓣", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "大面积烧伤病人第一个8小时的晶体液、胶体液输入量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "是第一个24小时总入量的1/2", "B": "是第一个24小时总入量的2/3", "C": "是第一个24小时总人量的3/4", "D": "是第一个24小时总入量的1/3"}, "answer": "是第一个24小时总入量的1/2", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是目前我国最常用的智力量表?(  )", "options": {"A": "洛奇一桑代克智力量表", "B": "斯坦福一比纳智力量表", "C": "韦克斯勒智力量表", "D": "瑟斯顿智力量表"}, "answer": "韦克斯勒智力量表", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "根据有无暴露某因素史分组的研究是(  )。", "options": {"A": "现况研究", "B": "病例对照研究", "C": "队列研究", "D": "临床试验"}, "answer": "队列研究", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "引起血管内溶血的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脾功能亢进", "B": "遗传性球形红细胞增多症", "C": "异常血红蛋白病", "D": "阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿"}, "answer": "阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,31岁。腹痛、寒战、高热、黄疸反复发作3年。1天来上腹部持续性疼痛,伴阵发性绞痛,恶心,无呕吐。查体:T 38.6℃,巩膜黄染,右上腹压痛(+),无反跳痛,胆囊大,Murphy征(+)。最佳处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆囊造瘘术", "B": "单纯胆囊切除术", "C": "胆囊切除+胆总管探查T管引流术", "D": "胆囊切除+胆总管十二指肠吻合术"}, "answer": "胆囊切除+胆总管探查T管引流术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "病人受病痛折磨感到悲观、失望、不良心境导致行为异常,反映病人(  )。", "options": {"A": "角色行为减退", "B": "角色行为冲突", "C": "角色行为缺如", "D": "角色行为异常"}, "answer": "角色行为异常", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对长期慢性病人,宜采取的医患关系模式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动-被动型", "B": "被动-主动型", "C": "共同参与型", "D": "合作-指导型"}, "answer": "共同参与型", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肠易激综合征的症状特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病史较长者会出现营养不良", "B": "精神紧张可使症状加重", "C": "常有便失禁", "D": "夜间入睡后仍会出现腹泻"}, "answer": "精神紧张可使症状加重", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.溶脲脲原体可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "大叶性肺炎", "B": "原发性非典型肺炎", "C": "非淋球菌性尿道炎", "D": "性病淋巴肉芽肿"}, "answer": "非淋球菌性尿道炎", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "慢性呼吸衰竭缺氧明显伴二氧化碳潴留时,采用氧疗的给氧浓度,下列哪项是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "<25%", "B": "<35%", "C": "<45%", "D": "<65%"}, "answer": "<35%", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性胰腺炎患者血清淀粉酶值的高峰出现在发病后(  )。", "options": {"A": "12小时", "B": "48小时", "C": "24小时", "D": "4小时"}, "answer": "24小时", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "结核引起的机体免疫是(  )。", "options": {"A": "带菌免疫", "B": "局部免疫", "C": "抗毒素免疫", "D": "抗菌免疫及抗毒素免疫"}, "answer": "带菌免疫", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "“食之无味,弃之可惜”属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "双趋冲突", "B": "双避冲突", "C": "趋避冲突", "D": "双重趋避冲突"}, "answer": "趋避冲突", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在暴发型流脑休克型的治疗中,经充分扩容、纠酸治疗无效时,血管活性药物可首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "多巴胺", "B": "山莨菪碱", "C": "苄胺唑啉", "D": "异丙基肾上腺素"}, "answer": "山莨菪碱", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医生必须保守病人的秘密,但不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人的过失行为", "B": "病人的生理缺陷", "C": "病人的某些心理", "D": "病人的不良预后"}, "answer": "病人的不良预后", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "抗体分子的抗原结合部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "铰链区", "B": "Fab段", "C": "Fc段", "D": "重链C末端"}, "answer": "Fab段", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.脊髓灰质前联合损害将出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "节段性分离性感觉障碍", "B": "洋葱头样分布感觉障碍", "C": "末梢型分布感觉障碍", "D": "偏身感觉障碍"}, "answer": "节段性分离性感觉障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "金黄色葡萄球菌引起的疾病不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "假膜性肠炎", "B": "食物中毒", "C": "毒性休克综合征", "D": "肉毒中毒"}, "answer": "肉毒中毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "麻疹合并肺炎应隔离至(  )。", "options": {"A": "出疹后3天", "B": "出疹后7天", "C": "出疹后10天", "D": "出疹后14天"}, "answer": "出疹后10天", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,68岁。咳嗽20天,胸闷、气促1周。20天前受凉后干咳,无发热、咯血,自服“板兰根、头孢菌素及咳嗽糖浆”,咳嗽稍有减轻,近1周来出现胸闷、气促,不能平卧,既往体健。查体:T 37.2℃,P 96次/分,R 20次/分,BP 140/80mmHg,右中下肺语音震颤减弱,叩诊呈浊音,呼吸音减弱,心率100次/分,律齐,腹软,肝脾肋下未触及。2.为明确诊断,应首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏彩超", "B": "胸部X线片", "C": "心电图", "D": "胸部CT"}, "answer": "胸部X线片", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "颈椎病患者,MRI检查见C5~6椎间盘突入椎管压迫颈髓,保守治疗无效,瘫痪逐渐加重,应选择哪种治疗方案?(  )", "options": {"A": "前路人工椎间盘置换术", "B": "后路椎管扩大形成术", "C": "后路椎板切除术", "D": "前路髓核摘除植骨术"}, "answer": "前路人工椎间盘置换术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.AML(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清溶菌酶明显升高", "B": "常见Auer小体", "C": "易见Ph染色体", "D": "中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶活力明显增高"}, "answer": "常见Auer小体", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.金黄色葡萄球肺炎为(  )。", "options": {"A": "热型不定", "B": "消耗热", "C": "中低度发热", "D": "驰张热"}, "answer": "驰张热", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "具有抗氧化作用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "考来烯胺", "B": "非诺贝特", "C": "洛伐他汀", "D": "普罗布考"}, "answer": "普罗布考", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,56岁,进行性贫血1年,剧烈腰痛3个月。血红蛋白89g/L,白细胞3.4×109/L,血小板68×109/L,血沉18cm/h,尿蛋白(++),骨髓异常浆细胞54%,血清蛋白电泳出现M蛋白。2.最有诊断意义的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "圆形穿凿样溶骨损害", "B": "胸椎压缩性骨折", "C": "肋骨骨折", "D": "股骨骨折"}, "answer": "圆形穿凿样溶骨损害", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.结核性脑膜炎中期表现(  )。", "options": {"A": "性情改变", "B": "皮肤出现划痕征", "C": "脑膜刺激征", "D": "频繁惊厥"}, "answer": "脑膜刺激征", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "描述胃肠内在神经丛,恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "包括黏膜下神经丛和肌间神经丛", "B": "递质仅是乙酰胆碱或去甲肾上腺素", "C": "仅有运动功能,而无感觉功能", "D": "含大量神经纤维,但神经元不多"}, "answer": "包括黏膜下神经丛和肌间神经丛", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.不依赖Na+的转运葡萄糖载体(  )。", "options": {"A": "DG", "B": "Na+-K+-ATP酶", "C": "线粒体内膜嵴", "D": "GLUT4"}, "answer": "GLUT4", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.甲型流感病毒亚型变异根源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单股负链RNA(-ssRNA)基因序列突变", "B": "包膜HN糖蛋白棘突的抗原性", "C": "包膜F蛋白和G蛋白的抗原性", "D": "包膜血凝素(HA)棘突和神经氨酸酶(NA)棘突的抗原性"}, "answer": "单股负链RNA(-ssRNA)基因序列突变", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,35岁。上腹胀伴恶心、呕吐20天。进食后上腹胀明显,恶心,有时呕吐所进食物,无发热。5个月前曾撞伤上腹部。查体:无贫血,无黄染,上腹部隆起,可触及18cm×14cm囊性包块,不活动,无压痛。钡餐透视见胃大弯受压上抬,横结肠下移。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹膜后血肿", "B": "胰腺假性囊肿", "C": "肠系膜囊肿", "D": "胰腺囊腺瘤"}, "answer": "胰腺假性囊肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "感染性肉芽肿的特征性细胞成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋巴细胞及巨噬细胞", "B": "嗜酸粒细胞及浆细胞", "C": "多核巨细胞及类上皮细胞", "D": "异物巨细胞及淋巴细胞"}, "answer": "多核巨细胞及类上皮细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "合成血红素的基本原料是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙酰辅酶A、丙氨酸、Fe2+", "B": "丙氨酰辅酶A、甘氨酸、Fe2+", "C": "琥珀酰辅酶A、甘氨酸、Fe2+", "D": "琥珀酰辅酶A、丙氨酸、Fe2+"}, "answer": "琥珀酰辅酶A、甘氨酸、Fe2+", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.急性链球菌感染后肾炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "内皮系膜增生性肾炎", "B": "膜性肾病", "C": "IgA肾病", "D": "膜增生性肾炎"}, "answer": "内皮系膜增生性肾炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "颈椎压缩性骨折行颌枕吊带牵引复位时,合适的牵引重量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "0.55~1kg", "B": "1~2kg", "C": "2~6kg", "D": "6~8kg"}, "answer": "2~6kg", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,64岁,高血压病史6年,晨起出现复视,右侧肢体活动不灵。查体:血压150/95mmHg,左眼睑下垂,外斜位,向上、下和内活动受限,右侧偏瘫,住院2日无明显好转。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑出血(基底节区)", "B": "脑栓塞", "C": "椎基底动脉系统血栓形成", "D": "颈内动脉系统血栓形成"}, "answer": "椎基底动脉系统血栓形成", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "提示主动脉瓣关闭不全的脉搏是(  )。", "options": {"A": "奇脉", "B": "水冲脉", "C": "交替脉", "D": "脱落脉"}, "answer": "水冲脉", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列何种情况属于炎症性增生?(  )", "options": {"A": "手术切口部位瘢痕疙瘩形成", "B": "外阴尖锐湿疣之表皮增生", "C": "风湿性心脏病时风湿小结形成", "D": "垂体腺瘤患者肢端肥大"}, "answer": "风湿性心脏病时风湿小结形成", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "弥漫硬化性肾小球肾炎的肾脏表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "大红肾", "B": "颗粒性固缩肾", "C": "蚤咬肾", "D": "大癜痕性固缩肾"}, "answer": "颗粒性固缩肾", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5岁患儿,诊断为风湿热并发心脏炎,抗风湿治疗应选用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大剂量青霉素", "B": "糖皮质激素", "C": "阿斯匹林", "D": "洋地黄制剂"}, "answer": "糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.氨基酸的转运工具是(  )。", "options": {"A": "mRNA", "B": "tRNA", "C": "rRNA", "D": "蛋白质"}, "answer": "tRNA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "婴儿维生素D缺乏佝偻病初期的主要表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "嗜睡、疲乏无力", "B": "方颅、鸡胸", "C": "生长发育迟缓", "D": "多汗、睡眠不安、易激惹"}, "answer": "多汗、睡眠不安、易激惹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于免疫耐受的机制,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是由于克隆无能及克隆忽视", "B": "是Ts细胞产生TGF—β,抑制Th及CTL功能", "C": "Th2类CK,如IL-10,IL-4抑制Th1类细胞功能", "D": "以上都对"}, "answer": "以上都对", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.1岁以下正常婴儿可能出现的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Kernig征阳性", "B": "分离性感觉障碍", "C": "Babinski征阳性", "D": "屈颈试验阳性"}, "answer": "Babinski征阳性", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.属于抑郁症的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蜡样屈曲", "B": "情绪低落", "C": "焦虑", "D": "恐怖"}, "answer": "情绪低落", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,50岁。绝经2年。近2个月,阴道不规则出血,出血量不多。妇科检查:子宫增大、稍软。B超示子宫增大,宫腔内实质不均匀回声区、形态不规则,宫腔线消失。下列叙述不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "最有可能的诊断是宫颈癌", "B": "原发性输卵管癌可能性小", "C": "最有可能的诊断是子宫内膜癌", "D": "临床上与绝经过渡期功血难以鉴别,应先行分段刮宫,确诊后再对症处理"}, "answer": "最有可能的诊断是宫颈癌", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,36岁,慢性腹泻5年,大便有少量脓血。纤维结肠镜检查:直肠、乙状结肠散在小溃疡。治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "布地奈德加生理盐水保留灌肠", "B": "口服强的松", "C": "口服氟哌酸", "D": "口服SASP"}, "answer": "布地奈德加生理盐水保留灌肠", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,45岁。右肩背部肿痛4天,伴发热。体检:体温39.5℃,右肩背部有多个脓栓,中央部坏死呈火山口状。3.若病灶做局部引流和全身应用抗生素后,仍有高热,最适合的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "联合应用抗生素,并加大剂量", "B": "尽快明确细菌种类和药敏试验", "C": "寻找有无其他感染病灶", "D": "使用抗霉菌药物治疗"}, "answer": "寻找有无其他感染病灶", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "特异性杀伤肿瘤的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Tc(CTL)", "B": "LAK", "C": "Mφ", "D": "NK"}, "answer": "Tc(CTL)", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,65岁。干咳2周入院,无发热、咯血及呼吸困难。查体:心脏未见异常。双手可见杵状指,胸部X线片示右下肺可见直径约3cm的类圆形阴影,其内可见小空洞。该患者首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性肺脓肿", "B": "肺囊肿继发感染", "C": "支气管肺癌", "D": "Wegener肉芽肿肉芽肿"}, "answer": "支气管肺癌", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于乳腺癌,下列哪项是错误的(  )。", "options": {"A": "多数来源于乳腺导管上皮细胞", "B": "多数出现于乳房外上象限", "C": "多数为腺癌", "D": "多数为实性癌"}, "answer": "多数为腺癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,50岁。因持续心悸5天入院。既往体健。查体:BP 142/80mmHg,心界不大,心率132次/分。心律不齐,心电图示:P波消失,代之以f波,心室律绝对不规则。控制心室率宜首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "华法林", "B": "腺苷", "C": "比索洛尔", "D": "普罗帕酮"}, "answer": "比索洛尔", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "最易引起急性心力衰竭的心律失常是(  )。", "options": {"A": "窦性心动过缓", "B": "一度房室传导阻滞", "C": "快速心房颤动", "D": "偶发房性期前收缩"}, "answer": "快速心房颤动", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "丙酮酸脱氢酶系的功能与数种维生素有关,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "硫胺素", "B": "核黄素", "C": "尼克酰胺", "D": "磷酸吡哆醛"}, "answer": "磷酸吡哆醛", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "桡骨头半脱位多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "0~5岁", "B": "6~10岁", "C": "15~20岁", "D": "20岁以上成人"}, "answer": "0~5岁", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.流感病毒分型的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单股负链RNA(-ssRNA)基因序列突变", "B": "核糖核蛋白(RNP)和基质(M)蛋白的抗原性", "C": "包膜HN糖蛋白棘突的抗原性", "D": "包膜F蛋白和G蛋白的抗原性"}, "answer": "核糖核蛋白(RNP)和基质(M)蛋白的抗原性", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "心肺复苏发生室颤时,进行电除颤时首选能量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "200J", "B": "200~300J", "C": "300~360J", "D": "400J"}, "answer": "200J", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,40岁,病史2周,发热,皮肤出血点,骨髓原始细胞>80%,过氧化物酶(++),Auer小体(+),最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性单核细胞白血病", "B": "急性粒细胞白血病", "C": "急性红白血病急变", "D": "慢性粒细胞白血病急变"}, "answer": "急性粒细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项不是中毒型细菌性痢疾的临床表现(  )。", "options": {"A": "突然高热,频繁惊厥", "B": "发病初期无明显的腹泻及脓血便改变", "C": "常有脑膜刺激征", "D": "多见于2~7岁的健壮儿童"}, "answer": "常有脑膜刺激征", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,35岁。因手术需要进行蛛网膜下腔阻滞麻醉,麻醉过程中出现心率过缓,应给予(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿托品", "B": "毛果芸香碱", "C": "新斯的明", "D": "异丙肾上腺素"}, "answer": "阿托品", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪处骨折好发骨筋膜室综合征?(  )", "options": {"A": "股骨骨折", "B": "胫腓骨骨折", "C": "肱骨骨折", "D": "掌骨骨折"}, "answer": "胫腓骨骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "弥散性血管内凝血的治疗,最根本的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗凝治疗", "B": "及时补充凝血因子", "C": "消除病因", "D": "输血"}, "answer": "消除病因", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心理测量的误差主要来源于(  )。", "options": {"A": "实施条件", "B": "主试者动机", "C": "应试者动机", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "以下哪项是急性白血病诊断的主要依据?(  )", "options": {"A": "胸骨压痛(+)", "B": "白细胞计数>50×109/L", "C": "骨髓增生极度活跃", "D": "骨髓中原始细胞明显增高"}, "answer": "骨髓中原始细胞明显增高", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项为痉挛性偏瘫步态?(  )", "options": {"A": "跨阈步态", "B": "慌张步态", "C": "划圈样步态", "D": "剪刀样步态"}, "answer": "划圈样步态", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "DNA指导的RNA聚合酶由数个亚基组成,其核心酶的组成是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ααββ′", "B": "ααββ′σ", "C": "ααβ′", "D": "ααβ"}, "answer": "ααββ′", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪种情感活动符合焦虑症?(  )", "options": {"A": "欣快感", "B": "情感低落", "C": "焦虑", "D": "情感淡漠"}, "answer": "焦虑", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在我国最多见的淋巴瘤类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤", "B": "NK/T细胞淋巴瘤", "C": "MALT淋巴瘤", "D": "蕈样霉菌病"}, "answer": "弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.获得DNA克隆(  )。", "options": {"A": "基因载体的选择与构建", "B": "外源基因与载体的拼接", "C": "重组DNA分子导入受体细胞", "D": "筛选并无性繁殖含重组分子的受体细胞"}, "answer": "筛选并无性繁殖含重组分子的受体细胞", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "正常成年人安静时的肺通气与血流比值是(  )。", "options": {"A": "0.024", "B": "0.084", "C": "0.84", "D": "0.24"}, "answer": "0.84", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)主要发病机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓巨核细胞生成减少", "B": "骨髓巨核细胞成熟障碍", "C": "雌激素抑制血小板生成", "D": "有抗血小板抗体"}, "answer": "有抗血小板抗体", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "血浆胶体渗透压决定于(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞数目", "B": "血浆球蛋白含量", "C": "血浆白蛋白含量", "D": "血浆氯化钠含量"}, "answer": "血浆白蛋白含量", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,40岁,发现高血压4年,伴头昏、心悸、乏力、多梦、急躁。查体:血压175/95mmHg,心率84次/min,心界不大,A2>P2,眼底小动脉痉挛。尿沉渣镜检WBC 0~2/HP。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压1级", "B": "高血压3级", "C": "肾盂肾炎合并高血压", "D": "高血压2级"}, "answer": "高血压2级", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于肾病综合征的描述哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "膜性肾病极易发生血栓栓塞并发症", "B": "儿童原发性肾病综合征常见的病理类型为微小病变型肾病", "C": "肾病综合征易发生血栓栓塞并发症,以肺血管血栓栓塞最常见", "D": "肾病综合征尿蛋白大于3.5g/24h"}, "answer": "肾病综合征易发生血栓栓塞并发症,以肺血管血栓栓塞最常见", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,56岁。间断咳嗽、咳痰3年余。偶有痰中带血,经反复抗感染治疗效果欠佳,下肺纹理呈垂柳样改变。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管扩张", "B": "支气管炎", "C": "干酪性肺炎", "D": "肺结核"}, "answer": "肺结核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "特发性血小板减少性紫癜最常见的死亡原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑出血", "B": "心源性休克", "C": "胃肠道出血", "D": "弥散性血管内凝血"}, "answer": "脑出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "控制炭疽芽孢杆菌毒力的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "噬菌体", "B": "质粒", "C": "侵袭性酶", "D": "毒素"}, "answer": "质粒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "30岁男性,右手中、环指肿胀、疼痛,X线片显示中、环指近节指骨膨胀性骨吸收,夹杂钙化斑。诊断为内生软骨瘤,施刮除植骨术。术后1年复发,下一步的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肿瘤段切除植骨术", "B": "刮除植骨术", "C": "截指术", "D": "放射治疗"}, "answer": "刮除植骨术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "本身没有缩血管效应的糖皮质激素,能加强去甲肾上腺素的缩血管作用,这称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "协同作用", "B": "致敏作用", "C": "允许作用", "D": "辅助作用"}, "answer": "允许作用", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "长期采用肠外营养,理想的输注静脉是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈内或锁骨下静脉", "B": "颈外静脉", "C": "头静脉", "D": "上肢静脉"}, "answer": "颈内或锁骨下静脉", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列物质中不属于高能化合物的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ATP", "B": "AMP", "C": "乙酰CoA", "D": "磷酸肌酸"}, "answer": "AMP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿9岁,5天来发热、腹泻。大便检查RBC、WBC满视野,并有脓球,肉眼可见白色膜状物。病人此时如果做肠活检,最可能看到的病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "粘膜表面大量纤维素及中性粒细胞渗出,构成伪膜", "B": "粘膜多数表浅溃疡形成", "C": "肠壁间不存在炎症性肉芽肿", "D": "以上病变都存在"}, "answer": "以上病变都存在", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述有关DNA变性的叙述哪项是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "OD280增高", "B": "Tm值大,表示T=A含量多,而G=C含量少", "C": "DNA分子的双链间氢键断裂而解链", "D": "OD260减小"}, "answer": "DNA分子的双链间氢键断裂而解链", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.上述疾病中,易出现硬脑膜下积液的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒性脑炎", "B": "中毒性脑病", "C": "化脓性脑膜炎", "D": "隐球菌性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "化脓性脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "精神分裂症的特征性症状(  )。", "options": {"A": "失眠", "B": "注意力不集中", "C": "被洞悉感", "D": "遗忘"}, "answer": "被洞悉感", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,35岁。因发热寒战,腰痛5天入院。查体:右肾区有叩击痛。尿常规:红细胞5~6个/HP,白细胞20~30个/HP。中段尿培养大肠埃希菌>105/ml。经抗生素治疗3天后体温正常。1.此时适当的治疗措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "停用抗生素", "B": "继续用抗生素14天", "C": "碱化尿液", "D": "如尿培养阴性,停用抗生素"}, "answer": "继续用抗生素14天", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初孕妇,24岁。妊娠38周,血压170/110mmHg,尿蛋白(+++),突然抽搐后昏迷,首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉推注硫酸镁", "B": "积极控制抽搐,病情控制2小时后终止妊娠", "C": "积极治疗,24小时后行剖宫产", "D": "控制抽搐,稳定病情至自然分娩"}, "answer": "积极控制抽搐,病情控制2小时后终止妊娠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,5岁,于8月中旬发病,高热2小时,抽搐1次,有进不洁食物史,无呕吐、腹泻。查体:面色苍白,意识朦胧,四肢凉,血压70/40mmHg。1.诊断首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙型脑炎", "B": "中毒性菌痢", "C": "高热惊厥", "D": "病毒性脑炎"}, "answer": "中毒性菌痢", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于丹毒,下列哪项是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "是急性管状淋巴管炎", "B": "是急性网状淋巴管炎", "C": "病变边缘与正常皮肤不清楚", "D": "常有组织化脓"}, "answer": "是急性网状淋巴管炎", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪一项不属于阿托品的不良反应?(  )", "options": {"A": "口干舌燥", "B": "恶心、呕吐", "C": "心动过速", "D": "皮肤潮红"}, "answer": "恶心、呕吐", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "8岁患儿,浮肿2个月,在外院诊断为原发性肾病综合征,用泼尼松治疗8周,现尿蛋白仍(+++)。患儿一直为低盐饮食,间断用速尿,2天前出现呕吐、腹泻,1天来患儿开始厌食、乏力、嗜睡、血压下降。此患儿首先应做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血常规", "B": "尿常规", "C": "血气分析", "D": "血电解质"}, "answer": "血电解质", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,25岁,确诊ITP,在治疗过程中如患者发生头痛、呕吐,继而意识模糊,应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "贫血致神情淡漠", "B": "颅内出血的可能", "C": "脑膜炎", "D": "癫痫"}, "answer": "颅内出血的可能", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对急性中毒者,治疗上应立即采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对症处理", "B": "终止接触毒物", "C": "清除体内尚未被吸收的毒物", "D": "清除体内已被吸收的毒物"}, "answer": "终止接触毒物", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项属于外毒素的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "革兰阴性菌细胞壁结构", "B": "细菌裂解后释放", "C": "化学组成为脂多糖", "D": "可脱毒制成类毒素"}, "answer": "可脱毒制成类毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,50岁。近一月来常有刺激性咳嗽,无发热,应用止咳剂及抗生素治疗无效,X线摄片示:右肺下叶4cm×3.5cm块状影,应考虑的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管肺炎", "B": "肺结核", "C": "肺癌", "D": "肺脓肿"}, "answer": "肺癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,29岁。转移性右下腹痛伴发热36小时入院,诊断为急性阑尾炎。1.医生查体时,让病人仰卧,使右髋和右大腿屈曲,然后医生向内旋其下肢,引起病人右下腹疼痛,提示其阑尾位置(  )。", "options": {"A": "位于右上腹部", "B": "在右下腹麦氏点深面", "C": "靠近闭孔内肌", "D": "位于腰大肌前方"}, "answer": "靠近闭孔内肌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述有关蛋白质的叙述哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "蛋白质的二级结构是指多肽链的局部构象", "B": "蛋白质的三级结构是整条肽链的空间结构", "C": "蛋白质分子都具有四级结构", "D": "蛋白质四级结构中亚基的种类和数量均不固定"}, "answer": "蛋白质分子都具有四级结构", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于利多卡因的描述,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "促进复极相K+外流,APD缩短", "B": "抑制4相Na+内流,降低自律性", "C": "加快缺血心肌细胞的传导速度", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "以上都不是", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "房室交界区传导减慢可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "QRS波群增宽", "B": "P波增宽", "C": "PR间期延长", "D": "ST段延长"}, "answer": "PR间期延长", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于立克次体,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可在无生命培养基中生长", "B": "以二分裂方式繁殖", "C": "多数为人畜共患病的病原体", "D": "与变形杆菌的某些菌株有共同抗原成分"}, "answer": "可在无生命培养基中生长", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "可导致肾病综合征合并急性间质性肾炎的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "钙通道阻滞剂", "B": "青霉素", "C": "非甾体抗炎药(NSAID)", "D": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂"}, "answer": "非甾体抗炎药(NSAID)", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "孕妇于某经产前检查,诊断出胎儿有严重缺陷。1.做出这一诊断的行为属于医疗保健机构为育龄妇女和孕产妇提供的孕产期保健服务活动中的(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎儿保健", "B": "孕妇、产妇保健", "C": "母婴保健指导", "D": "新生儿保健"}, "answer": "孕妇、产妇保健", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,40岁,孕30周。单胎畸形,入院行引产术。婚育史:孕4产1。查体:T 37.5℃,BP 135/80mmHg。实验室检查:Hb 73g/L,WBC 8.2×109/L,PLT 200×109/L,ABO血型为A型,Rh血型CCdEE。术前为改善贫血应输注(  )。", "options": {"A": "A型RhD阳性悬浮红细胞", "B": "AB型RhD阴性悬浮红细胞", "C": "B型RhD阴性悬浮红细胞", "D": "O型RhD阳性悬浮红细胞"}, "answer": "A型RhD阳性悬浮红细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "毒性噬菌体感染细菌细胞后导致细菌(  )。", "options": {"A": "快速增殖", "B": "停止繁殖", "C": "产生毒素", "D": "裂解"}, "answer": "裂解", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.CEA是(  )。", "options": {"A": "异种抗原", "B": "肿瘤相关抗原", "C": "异嗜性抗原", "D": "自身抗原"}, "answer": "肿瘤相关抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "青年男性,2天来胸背部疼痛,今晨出现双下肢无力,伴二便障碍,脐以下各种感觉障碍,双下肢肌力0级,无病理反射。2.首先应做的有诊断意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头部MRI", "B": "腰穿脑脊液检查", "C": "胸椎MRI", "D": "腰椎MRI"}, "answer": "胸椎MRI", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,30岁。腰痛、尿频、尿急。血压21.3/13.3kPa(160/100mmHg),尿蛋白(+),沉渣红细胞8~10个/HP,白细胞15~20个/HP。肾盂造影示右肾缩小,肾盏扩张,最可能诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性肾炎", "B": "慢性肾盂肾炎", "C": "肾结核", "D": "肾盂积液"}, "answer": "慢性肾盂肾炎", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.医生劝病人“你应该参加一些晨间锻炼”,这种医患关系属(  )。", "options": {"A": "指导-合作型", "B": "共同参与型", "C": "强制-被动型", "D": "指导-参与型"}, "answer": "指导-合作型", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于人体实验中的知情同意,下列描述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "“同意”是指受试者口头上明确表示同意参加实验", "B": "缺乏或丧失自主能力的人不能作为受试者参加实验", "C": "已同意参加实验的受试者签署知情同意书后,可以随意退出实验", "D": "如果受试者是病人,不能参加人体实验"}, "answer": "已同意参加实验的受试者签署知情同意书后,可以随意退出实验", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.密切接触家庭内开放性肺结核者应用(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗结核标准疗法", "B": "抗结核两阶段疗法", "C": "抗结核三阶段疗法", "D": "结核病的预防性化疗"}, "answer": "结核病的预防性化疗", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "甲状腺大部切除术,主要并发症中最危急的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "术后呼吸困难和窒息", "B": "喉上神经损伤", "C": "手足抽搐", "D": "甲状腺危象"}, "answer": "术后呼吸困难和窒息", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,20岁。高热十余日入院。查体肝脾均在肋下1.0cm可触及,质软。轻度腹痛及腹泻。一周后突然发生急性腹膜炎。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠伤寒病肠穿孔", "B": "病毒性肝炎", "C": "血吸虫病", "D": "肠结核"}, "answer": "肠伤寒病肠穿孔", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "10个月患者,已在当地医院诊断为佝偻病活动期,给予治疗,效果不好,为下一步判定诊断是否正确,不需要做下述哪些检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "腕部X线摄片", "B": "血常规", "C": "体格检查", "D": "骨密度"}, "answer": "血常规", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "术前判断胰头癌是否侵犯大血管的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内镜超声", "B": "增强CT", "C": "B型超声", "D": "MRCP"}, "answer": "增强CT", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "《医疗机构从业人员行为规范》中“以人为本,践行宗旨”的具体要求不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "积极维护社会公益,促进人类健康", "B": "发扬大医精诚理念", "C": "以患者为中心,全心全意为人民健康服务", "D": "发扬人道主义精神"}, "answer": "积极维护社会公益,促进人类健康", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某医院抽样调查得100名健康人血清,求得平均数为4.800,标准差为0.7920,求其标准误为(  )。", "options": {"A": "0.0792", "B": "0.0079", "C": "0.048", "D": "7.92"}, "answer": "0.0792", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.对侧同向象限盲是(  )。", "options": {"A": "视束病变", "B": "视交叉中部病变", "C": "视放射部分病变", "D": "枕叶病变"}, "answer": "视放射部分病变", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "诊断心衰首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部X线片", "B": "超声心动图", "C": "运动负荷试验", "D": "心电图"}, "answer": "超声心动图", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.心房颤动转复成功后需继续抗凝的时间为(  )。", "options": {"A": "24小时", "B": "48小时", "C": "72小时", "D": "4周"}, "answer": "4周", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5岁男孩,低热伴头痛1个月入院。查体:精神弱,左眼外展受限,颈抵抗阳性,克氏征、布氏征阳性。腰穿脑脊液压力200mmH2O,蛋白2g/L,糖1.5mmol/L,氯化物100mmol/L。1.最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核性脑膜炎,早期", "B": "结核性脑膜炎,中期", "C": "隐球菌脑膜炎", "D": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎"}, "answer": "结核性脑膜炎,中期", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1岁患儿,腹泻3天,考虑为轮状病毒性腹泻,以下症状哪项不符合?(  )", "options": {"A": "常先有上呼吸道感染症状", "B": "全身感染中毒症状明显", "C": "大便呈稀水样无脓血", "D": "多发生于秋季"}, "answer": "全身感染中毒症状明显", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "能诱发支气管哮喘的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "N受体阻断药", "B": "β受体阻断药", "C": "α受体阻断药", "D": "H1受体阻断药"}, "answer": "β受体阻断药", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是硝酸甘油舒张血管平滑肌的机制?(  )", "options": {"A": "直接作用于血管平滑肌", "B": "激活腺苷酸环化酶,增加cAMP", "C": "激动β2受体", "D": "被硝酸酯受体还原成NO起作用"}, "answer": "被硝酸酯受体还原成NO起作用", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性肺淤血时,肺泡腔内的主要成分为(  )。", "options": {"A": "水肿液", "B": "炎细胞", "C": "纤维蛋白", "D": "心力衰竭细胞"}, "answer": "水肿液", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "人体维生素D主要来源于(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤合成的内源性D3", "B": "人乳中的维生素D", "C": "蛋黄中维生素D", "D": "牛奶中的维生素D"}, "answer": "皮肤合成的内源性D3", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.急性感染后无慢性化及后遗症的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙型脑炎病毒", "B": "水痘—带状疱疹病毒", "C": "流行性感冒病毒", "D": "脊髓灰质炎病毒"}, "answer": "流行性感冒病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列对闭合性单根肋骨骨折的处理正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不锈钢丝固定", "B": "胸壁加压包扎固定", "C": "气管插管", "D": "开胸探查"}, "answer": "胸壁加压包扎固定", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一患者钡剂胃透检查,见胃壁僵硬,胃腔变小,黏膜皱襞大部分消失。应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "弥漫浸润型胃癌", "B": "浅表扩散性胃癌", "C": "溃疡型胃癌", "D": "隆起型胃癌"}, "answer": "弥漫浸润型胃癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.从半流质过渡到软食或固体食物的月龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生后2周", "B": "3个月", "C": "8个月", "D": "12个月"}, "answer": "12个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "杀灭细菌芽孢在内的全部微生物称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "消毒", "B": "灭菌", "C": "抑菌", "D": "防腐"}, "answer": "灭菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,73岁,发热、咳嗽、咳痰10天,神志不清1天,急诊入院。发病以来纳差,尿量不少。有高血压、糖尿病史。体检:T 37.5℃,BP 120/80 mmHg,R 24次/分。昏迷,皮肤于燥,双下肺较多湿啰音。WBC 12×109/L,分叶76%。2.下列检查中最可能异常的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清钾、钠、氯", "B": "血二氧化碳结合力", "C": "血乳酸", "D": "血糖"}, "answer": "血糖", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "完全性葡萄胎和部分性葡萄胎的鉴别(  )。", "options": {"A": "合体滋养层细胞增生", "B": "绒毛间质内血管完全正常", "C": "绒毛因间质高度水肿而增大", "D": "前者间质内胎源性血管消失"}, "answer": "前者间质内胎源性血管消失", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "卧床、无发热或异常消耗的成年男性病人每天最低热卡需要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "25~30kCal/kg", "B": "30~50kCal/kg", "C": "50~6bkCal/kg", "D": "75kCal/kg"}, "answer": "25~30kCal/kg", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "胫腓骨骨折,行切开复位钢板内固定,手术结束时,因肿胀严重、张力大,闭合创口困难,此时,闭合创口的最佳方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "暂不缝合,做延期缝合", "B": "开放换药,直到愈合", "C": "两侧做减张切口,缝合原创口", "D": "两侧做减张切口,缝合原创口,减张切口处,游离植皮覆盖"}, "answer": "两侧做减张切口,缝合原创口,减张切口处,游离植皮覆盖", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,55岁,左膝在上跷二郎腿乘车过程中因急刹车左膝顶在前座后背上受伤4小时,左髋痛,不能活动,检查见左下肢屈曲、内收、内旋畸形。2.如果患者有左小腿外侧、后侧及足部麻木,此患者合并(  )。", "options": {"A": "腓骨小头骨折致腓总神经损伤", "B": "骨折致坐骨神经损伤", "C": "脱出股骨头致坐骨神经损伤", "D": "梨状肌损伤血肿压迫坐骨神经"}, "answer": "脱出股骨头致坐骨神经损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,34岁。车祸致伤。查体:骨盆挤压和分离试验阳性,下腹部压痛、腹肌紧张。对腹腔脏器损伤诊断最有价值的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血常规", "B": "腹部X线平片", "C": "腹部CT", "D": "腹腔穿刺"}, "answer": "腹腔穿刺", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于原发性三叉神经痛的临床表现的描述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "疼痛部位模糊不定", "B": "发作时伴鼻黏膜充血流泪", "C": "为牙周局部的持续性胀痛", "D": "为历时短暂的电击样、撕裂样剧痛"}, "answer": "为历时短暂的电击样、撕裂样剧痛", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪一类药物能够提高冠心病、慢性心力衰竭患者的运动耐量、降低病死率?(  )", "options": {"A": "洋地黄", "B": "ACEI与ARB", "C": "利尿剂", "D": "硝酸酯类"}, "answer": "ACEI与ARB", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "Ⅱ型超敏反应导致的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿溶血病", "B": "接触性皮炎", "C": "食物过敏性腹泻", "D": "花粉过敏性哮喘"}, "answer": "新生儿溶血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,62岁。干咳、呼吸困难2周,逐渐加重,现不能平卧,无发热。查体:R 24次/分,BP 85/70mmHg,端坐位,颈静脉怒张,双肺呼吸音减弱,心浊音界向两侧扩大,心率108次/分,律齐,心音低而遥远,心脏各瓣膜区未闻及杂音,奇脉。心电图:窦性心动过速,各导联QRS波低电压。该患者最关键的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉滴注抗生素", "B": "口服美托洛尔", "C": "心包穿刺", "D": "静脉注射呋塞米"}, "answer": "心包穿刺", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性脑综合征的主要症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量错觉和幻觉", "B": "记忆障碍", "C": "意识障碍", "D": "定向障碍"}, "answer": "意识障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩,2岁。自幼咳嗽,气急,生长发育落后。查体:胸骨左缘上方可闻及收缩期杂音。心导管检查发现肺动脉血氧含量高于右心室。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "法洛四联症", "B": "肺动脉高压", "C": "动脉导管未闭", "D": "肺动脉狭窄"}, "answer": "动脉导管未闭", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.肾上腺皮质增生(  )。", "options": {"A": "血皮质醇升高,ACTH也增高", "B": "肥胖,皮质醇轻度升高,昼夜节律性存在,血糖高", "C": "血皮质醇升高,ACTH低伴明显低钾碱中毒", "D": "血皮质醇升高,ACTH低,双侧肾上腺萎缩"}, "answer": "血皮质醇升高,ACTH也增高", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.6岁儿童诊断为急性阑尾炎,治疗应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗生素治疗", "B": "保守治疗无效再手术", "C": "中药治疗", "D": "尽早手术"}, "answer": "尽早手术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,52岁。无痛性肉眼血尿3个月。膀胱镜检查见膀胱三角区有一4cm×3cm新生物,呈浸润性生长,病理诊断为膀胱腺癌,最适宜的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膀胱部分切除", "B": "经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切", "C": "根治性膀胱切除", "D": "放疗"}, "answer": "根治性膀胱切除", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是具有调理吞噬作用的补体裂解产物?(  )", "options": {"A": "C2b", "B": "C3b", "C": "C5b", "D": "C2a"}, "answer": "C3b", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于小儿呼吸系统的生理特点,以下不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "年龄越小,呼吸频率越快", "B": "婴幼儿呼吸潜在力较年长儿大", "C": "小儿气体弥散量较成人小", "D": "小儿气道阻力较成人大"}, "answer": "婴幼儿呼吸潜在力较年长儿大", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有关重症昏迷病人的护理,下述哪项不全对?(  )", "options": {"A": "呼吸道内定时滴入生理盐水,每次5ml", "B": "根据颅内压的变化进行处理", "C": "鼻饲或静脉营养:2500kcal/d", "D": "加强雾化吸入,勤吸痰,少翻身"}, "answer": "加强雾化吸入,勤吸痰,少翻身", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "DNA复制的遗传信息传递是(  )。", "options": {"A": "DNA→蛋白质", "B": "RNA→DNA", "C": "蛋白质→DNA", "D": "DNA→DNA"}, "answer": "DNA→DNA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,26岁。外阴瘙痒,起丘疹、肿物1个月,有不洁性交史,阴道分泌物增多,查大小阴唇可见鸡冠状肿物,表面呈乳头状,实验室醋酸白试验阳性。患者的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尖锐湿疣", "B": "梅毒", "C": "淋病", "D": "生殖器疱疹"}, "answer": "尖锐湿疣", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者突然意识丧失,全身抽搐,面色发绀,口吐白沫,小便失禁,5~6分钟后意识逐渐清醒。可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "舞蹈病", "B": "癔病", "C": "癫痫", "D": "震颤麻痹"}, "answer": "癫痫", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "运动系统不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "丘脑", "B": "下运动神经元", "C": "锥体外系统", "D": "小脑系统"}, "answer": "丘脑", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "哪种药物可引起周围神经炎?(  )", "options": {"A": "吡嗪酰胺", "B": "异烟肼", "C": "阿昔洛韦", "D": "卡那霉素"}, "answer": "异烟肼", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "脊柱外伤造成脊髓休克,是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓神经细胞遭受震荡,产生暂时性功能抑制,发生传导障碍", "B": "骨折片刺入脊髓", "C": "因脊髓受血肿等压迫", "D": "脊髓上、下行神经传导束断裂"}, "answer": "脊髓神经细胞遭受震荡,产生暂时性功能抑制,发生传导障碍", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.高热惊厥的治疗原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "止惊-补钙-补维生素D", "B": "止惊-抗感染-降颅内压", "C": "止惊-静脉注射葡萄糖", "D": "止惊-退热-对症"}, "answer": "止惊-退热-对症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "白色血栓形成的主要成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中性粒细胞", "B": "血小板", "C": "单核细胞", "D": "红细胞"}, "answer": "血小板", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.室间隔缺损X线检查可见(  )。", "options": {"A": "左、右室大,左房右房也大", "B": "左房、左室大", "C": "左、右室大、左房也大", "D": "右室大"}, "answer": "左、右室大、左房也大", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "强迫症的核心症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "强迫意向", "B": "强迫表象", "C": "强迫性恐惧", "D": "强迫意念"}, "answer": "强迫意念", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "异常行为是持久性学习或环境适应不良的结果,因此,可以通过消除条件反射的方法或通过改变学习的方法来矫正。行为是机体在与环境相互作用下的学习过程,异常行为和病理、生理变化既可通过各种条件反射习得和消除外,也可借助于观察、模仿或示范的学习方式获得或消除。1.这个心理治疗理论被称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "来谈者中心治疗理论", "B": "精神分析治疗理论", "C": "行为治疗理论", "D": "理性情绪疗法理论"}, "answer": "行为治疗理论", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "脊髓压迫症中,哪项是脊髓外硬膜内和神经根处最常见的病变?(  )", "options": {"A": "神经纤维瘤", "B": "血管瘤", "C": "转移瘤", "D": "脓肿"}, "answer": "神经纤维瘤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.炎症灶内组织和细胞的变性坏死,称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "增生", "B": "再生", "C": "变质", "D": "萎缩"}, "answer": "变质", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "慢性炎症病灶内,最常出现的浸润细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中性粒细胞", "B": "淋巴细胞", "C": "嗜酸性粒细胞", "D": "嗜碱性粒细胞"}, "answer": "淋巴细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "10岁女童。左大腿下端肿痛,体检:体温40℃,局部皮温高,深压痛,穿刺抽出少量脓性液体,进一步治疗中,下列最关键的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "根据药敏选用敏感抗生素", "B": "全身支持疗法,注意水电解质平衡", "C": "局部减压引流+患肢制动", "D": "避免外伤骨折"}, "answer": "局部减压引流+患肢制动", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "精神分析治疗理论基础特别关注的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "意识", "B": "前意识", "C": "潜意识", "D": "患者所处环境"}, "answer": "潜意识", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "股骨颈内收型骨折是指Pauwel角(  )。", "options": {"A": "<50°", "B": "<30°", "C": ">50°", "D": ">30°"}, "answer": ">50°", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,18岁,1型糖尿病病史3年,因“肺部感染”诱发糖尿病酮症酸中毒。4.若患者在抢救过程中血糖进行性下降,血糖下降至何种水平时加用葡萄糖溶液?(  )", "options": {"A": "6.1mmol/L", "B": "7.1mmol/L", "C": "11.1mmol/L", "D": "13.9mmol/L"}, "answer": "13.9mmol/L", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "洛夏墨迹试验属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "智力测验", "B": "人格测验", "C": "神经心理测验", "D": "诊断测验"}, "answer": "人格测验", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.心迷走神经末梢释放的递质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素", "B": "去甲肾上腺索", "C": "组织胺", "D": "乙酰胆碱"}, "answer": "乙酰胆碱", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对胃酸分泌有抑制作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙酰胆碱", "B": "组织胺", "C": "生长抑素", "D": "肠泌酸素"}, "answer": "生长抑素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "新生儿ABO溶血病血型不合是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "母亲为A型,新生儿是O型", "B": "母亲为AB型,新生儿是O型", "C": "母亲为O型,新生儿是A型或B型", "D": "母亲为O型,新生儿是AB型"}, "answer": "母亲为O型,新生儿是A型或B型", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列表现属于Babinski征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "四指轻度掌屈", "B": "指背伸,余趾扇形展开", "C": "伸膝受阻伴疼痛", "D": "头屈曲时,双髋及膝关节同时屈曲"}, "answer": "指背伸,余趾扇形展开", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.农村发生甲类传染病时要求上报时间为(  )。", "options": {"A": "6小时内上报", "B": "12小时内上报", "C": "18小时内上报", "D": "24小时内上报"}, "answer": "12小时内上报", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "选择性蛋白尿是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "以大分子量的尿蛋白为主", "B": "以中分子量的尿蛋白为主", "C": "以小分子量的尿蛋白为主", "D": "各种分子量的尿蛋白均增多"}, "answer": "以小分子量的尿蛋白为主", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "增生指的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "器官和组织体积增大", "B": "一种分化组织转化为另一种相似性质的分化组织", "C": "由于实质细胞增多而造成器官、组织体积增大", "D": "器官和组织先天发育异常"}, "answer": "由于实质细胞增多而造成器官、组织体积增大", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "晨僵在哪类关节炎中表现最为突出?(  )", "options": {"A": "类风湿关节炎(RA)", "B": "骨性关节炎(OA)", "C": "感染性关节炎", "D": "风湿性关节炎"}, "answer": "类风湿关节炎(RA)", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者体内有维生素B12辅助因子的抗体,此抗体可 使肠道维生素B12吸收障碍,该种贫血属(  )。", "options": {"A": "ABO血型不符", "B": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血", "C": "恶性贫血", "D": "药物过敏性溶血性贫血"}, "answer": "恶性贫血", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于平滑肌瘤的描述哪项错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "瘤细胞核呈枣核状,两端尖", "B": "瘤细胞排列呈束,互相编织", "C": "很分裂象少见", "D": "为一种良性肿瘤"}, "answer": "瘤细胞核呈枣核状,两端尖", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某患左侧口角流涎,查体:左侧额纹变浅,眼裂变大,左侧口角下垂,鼻唇沟变浅,左侧舌前2/3味觉减退,其病变为(  )。", "options": {"A": "左侧面神经茎乳孔病变", "B": "左侧面神经管部病变", "C": "左侧面神经膝状神经节病变", "D": "左侧桥小脑脚病变"}, "answer": "左侧面神经管部病变", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,50岁。肥胖,血压达21.3/12kPa(160/90mmHg),已经8年。近2周,在早晨锻炼时出现胸骨后压榨样疼痛,伴有窒息感,疼痛持续约5分钟左右,急送医院检查心电图发现Ⅰ、Ⅱ、aVF、V5、V6导联ST段水平型压低0.1mV,T波倒置。应首先考虑诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "隐匿性冠心病", "B": "肋间神经痛", "C": "心绞痛型冠心病", "D": "心肌梗死型冠心病"}, "answer": "心绞痛型冠心病", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿男,5岁。右侧阴囊包块,卧位不消失,右睾丸未扪及,透光试验阳性,正确的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "精索鞘膜积液", "B": "交通性鞘膜积液", "C": "右睾丸鞘膜积液", "D": "睾丸肿瘤"}, "answer": "右睾丸鞘膜积液", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,60岁。身高170cm,体重65kg,每天所需基本热量约为(  )。", "options": {"A": "1235kcal", "B": "1035kcal", "C": "1625kcal", "D": "755kcal"}, "answer": "1625kcal", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列检查结果中,对诊断痰菌阴性肺结核意义最大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "PPD试验阳性", "B": "典型的胸部X线表现", "C": "痰结核杆菌PCR阳性", "D": "血ADA(腺苷脱氧酶)水平增高"}, "answer": "典型的胸部X线表现", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在无芽孢厌氧菌感染中,临床标本阳性分离率最高的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "梭状杆菌", "B": "脆弱类杆菌", "C": "丙酸杆菌", "D": "双歧杆菌"}, "answer": "脆弱类杆菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.骨盆骨折最危险的合并症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨盆松质骨出血致腹膜后血肿", "B": "髂内外血管破裂", "C": "尿道损伤", "D": "直肠损伤"}, "answer": "髂内外血管破裂", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "鉴别急性出血性坏死型胰腺炎与水肿型胰腺炎有价值的实验室检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清淀粉酶", "B": "血清脂肪酶", "C": "尿淀粉酶", "D": "血清正铁白蛋白"}, "answer": "血清正铁白蛋白", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,30岁。继发不孕5年,经后4天突起高热、寒战、下腹痛,右侧甚。血压110/80mmHg,P 120次/分,体温39℃,白细胞18×109/L,中性80%,下腹轻压痛。妇科检查:宫颈稍大稍软,有压痛,双侧附件增厚,压痛,诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性阑尾炎", "B": "急性盆腔结缔组织炎", "C": "急性盆腔腹膜炎", "D": "以上均不是"}, "answer": "急性盆腔结缔组织炎", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,75岁。陈旧性广泛前壁心肌梗死6年,活动后胸闷、心悸、气短3年,近2周出现夜间阵发性呼吸困难。体检:端坐呼吸,血压160/90mmHg,脉搏120次/分。P2亢进,心脏各瓣膜区未闻及杂音。双肺底可闻及细湿啰音,双肺散在哮鸣音。腹平软,肝脾肋下未触及,双下肢无水肿。空腹血糖4.2mmol/L。心电图:V1~V6导联ST段压低0.05~0.1mV。3.该患者心功能分级为(  )。", "options": {"A": "Killip分级Ⅲ级", "B": "Killip分级Ⅳ级", "C": "NYHA分级Ⅲ级", "D": "NYHA分级Ⅳ级"}, "answer": "NYHA分级Ⅳ级", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,36岁,病人23岁结婚后半年开始怀疑爱人作风不正,常争吵,打爱人,过后又同爱人说:“我也不信,就是耳朵里有人说你和别人有两性关系。”一次在田间劳动时突然看到全家人被一起埋在一个大坑里,当天突然将农场一台拖拉机砸毁,过后解释说是听到国家领导人在空中说:“快砸。”病人14-15岁时有抽搐发作四五次。其祖母患癫痫病。体格和神经系统检查正常,脑电各区暴发性尖慢活动,头部CT正常。其诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癫痫性精神障碍", "B": "脑肿瘤所致精神障碍", "C": "偏执性精神病", "D": "精神分裂症"}, "answer": "癫痫性精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "手的功能位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "手指各关节完全伸直", "B": "犹如握笔姿势,越向小指,指尖指向手掌中心", "C": "相当于握小球体位", "D": "拇指极度外展、对掌、后伸拉"}, "answer": "犹如握笔姿势,越向小指,指尖指向手掌中心", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.成人机械性肠梗阻最常见的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结肠癌致肠梗阻", "B": "乙状结肠扭转", "C": "肠套叠", "D": "粘连性肠梗阻"}, "answer": "粘连性肠梗阻", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,26岁,近3月月经周期缩短。妇科检查示无生殖器官器质性病变。基础体温双相型。子宫内膜活检示分泌反应落后3日。诊断为“排卵性月经失调”,下列不用于治疗的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小剂量雌激素", "B": "氯米芬", "C": "复方口服避孕药", "D": "黄体酮"}, "answer": "复方口服避孕药", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对急性乳腺炎的处理中,下列不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "形成脓肿前,给广谱抗生素", "B": "如感染不重,可允许婴儿吸乳", "C": "尽早使用药物使乳汁停止分泌", "D": "抗生素治疗后如无明显改善,应反复穿刺以证明有无脓肿形成"}, "answer": "尽早使用药物使乳汁停止分泌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "造成先天性甲状腺功能减退的最主要的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺不发育或发育不全", "B": "甲状腺合成过程中酶的缺乏", "C": "促甲状腺激素缺乏", "D": "甲状腺或靶器官反应性低下"}, "answer": "甲状腺不发育或发育不全", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一位来访者因婚姻危机,离婚与否难以决断而来求助。而你作为心理咨询员不能代替她作出任何决定,你遵守的原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "真诚原则", "B": "耐心原则", "C": "保密原则", "D": "中立原则"}, "answer": "中立原则", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.动眼神经麻痹引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "双眼同向性偏盲", "B": "瞳孔散大,对光反射消失", "C": "瞳孔呈现针尖样", "D": "眼球处于内斜位"}, "answer": "瞳孔散大,对光反射消失", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女婴,10个月。动作发育倒退2个月。人工喂养,未正规添加辅食。查体:面色蜡黄,哭时无泪,舌颤。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "营养性维生素D缺乏性佝偻病", "B": "营养性巨幼细胞性贫血", "C": "蛋白质-能量营养不良", "D": "脑性瘫痪"}, "answer": "营养性巨幼细胞性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.多发生在秋、冬季(  )。", "options": {"A": "致病性大肠杆菌肠炎", "B": "轮状病毒性肠炎", "C": "生理性腹泻", "D": "细菌性痢疾"}, "answer": "轮状病毒性肠炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不属于Ⅰ型超敏反应特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgE介导", "B": "有明显的个体差异", "C": "引起功能紊乱", "D": "造成组织损伤"}, "answer": "造成组织损伤", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项不参与三酰甘油的合成?(  )", "options": {"A": "DG", "B": "磷脂酸", "C": "脂酰CoA", "D": "CDP-DG"}, "answer": "CDP-DG", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.恶性疟原虫(  )。", "options": {"A": "侵犯各期红细胞", "B": "仅侵犯幼稚红细胞", "C": "侵袭衰老红细胞", "D": "侵袭死亡红细胞"}, "answer": "侵犯各期红细胞", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "参与DAN复制的物质不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "DNA聚合酶", "B": "模板、引物", "C": "光修复酶", "D": "单链DNA结合蛋白"}, "answer": "光修复酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "糖尿病人体温38℃,围手术期处理措施中不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "术前使用长效胰岛素者,术后要继续给药", "B": "术前即给予抗生素", "C": "术后要注意胃瘫", "D": "术后要注意足部检查"}, "answer": "术前使用长效胰岛素者,术后要继续给药", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "外伤导致肱骨中下l/3骨折合并垂腕垂指畸形3天.最合适的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "复位后夹板固定", "B": "手法切开复位,内固定", "C": "牵引治疗", "D": "切开复位、桡神经探查、加压钢板螺钉内固定"}, "answer": "切开复位、桡神经探查、加压钢板螺钉内固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.胃结核伴脊柱结核活动应进行(  )。", "options": {"A": "非手术抗结核治疗", "B": "抗结核治疗后双肾移植", "C": "胃大部分切除术后抗结核治疗", "D": "脊柱矫形术"}, "answer": "非手术抗结核治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "COPD病理生理改变的标志是(  )。", "options": {"A": "黏液高分泌", "B": "肺动脉高压", "C": "肺过度充气", "D": "呼气气流受限"}, "answer": "呼气气流受限", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有关AVP的分泌以下正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "由垂体后叶神经细胞分泌", "B": "下丘脑视上核及室旁核细胞分泌,受上级神经元细胞调控", "C": "下丘脑视上核及室旁核细胞分泌,受血钠浓度和血容量调节", "D": "下丘脑视上核及室旁核细胞分泌,通过垂体门脉系统输送到垂体后叶储存"}, "answer": "下丘脑视上核及室旁核细胞分泌,受血钠浓度和血容量调节", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,18岁。近几个月来常因琐事与父母发生激烈争吵,闷闷不乐,被诊断为抑郁症而入院治疗。两周后,其父母去探视,患者起初表现出既想见又不想见的矛盾心理,但最终还是决定拒绝见其父母。医生根据病情同意了患者的决定。1.该患者起初的心理状态属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "趋避冲突", "B": "回避冲突", "C": "双避冲突", "D": "双趋冲突"}, "answer": "趋避冲突", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "CO中毒时下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "老人和孩子易患", "B": "严重中毒血液COHb浓度可高于50%", "C": "应立即原地抢救", "D": "迟发脑病恢复较慢"}, "answer": "应立即原地抢救", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不属环境污染引起的特异性损害的是下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "致畸作用", "B": "免疫功能降低", "C": "变态反应性疾病", "D": "劳动能力降低"}, "answer": "劳动能力降低", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "将离体小肠置于适宜的环境中仍然能进行很好的节律性收缩运动,说明小肠平滑肌(  )。", "options": {"A": "伸展性好", "B": "有自律性", "C": "传导性好", "D": "兴奋性高"}, "answer": "有自律性", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,24岁。停经58天,2周前行人工流产吸宫术,术后持续阴道流血。1.患者初步考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫复原不良", "B": "吸宫不全", "C": "子宫穿孔", "D": "子宫内膜炎"}, "answer": "吸宫不全", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有关代谢性酸中毒的描述,以下哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "代谢性酸中毒指血液中HCO3-浓度原发性减少", "B": "代谢性酸中毒常伴有高血钾", "C": "代谢性酸中毒时PCO2可下降", "D": "高渗脱水酸中毒,纠正酸中毒应先给予NaHCO3"}, "answer": "高渗脱水酸中毒,纠正酸中毒应先给予NaHCO3", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪一种不是抗结核杀菌药?(  )", "options": {"A": "INH", "B": "EMB", "C": "PZA", "D": "SM"}, "answer": "EMB", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,46岁,今晨咯血100mL。无发热。幼时起反复咳嗽、咳痰。查体:T 36.8℃,BP 120/70mmHg,左肺可闻及湿啰音。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺结核", "B": "支气管扩张", "C": "慢性支气管炎", "D": "肺炎链球菌肺炎"}, "answer": "支气管扩张", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "6岁,女孩,出生后反复呼吸道感染,平时少活动,体检:无发绀,心前区稍隆起,胸骨左缘第3、4肋间可闻及3/6级粗糙全收缩期杂音,伴震颤,P2亢进。3.该病血流动力学首先引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "左心室增大", "B": "左心房增大", "C": "主动脉扩张", "D": "肺动脉扩张"}, "answer": "左心室增大", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "电烧伤的特点不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "主要损害心脏,引起血流动力学改变", "B": "可发生电休克,甚至心跳、呼吸骤停", "C": "有入口和出口,均为Ⅲ度烧伤", "D": "深部损伤范围不超过皮肤入口处"}, "answer": "深部损伤范围不超过皮肤入口处", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,30岁。头痛,时有呕吐,逐渐加重1个月,近期嗜睡,反应迟钝,时有头晕、猝倒,无头部外伤及急性炎症病史,血压正常。检查见视神经乳头水肿,血常规、血沉正常。3.根据以上的检查结果,最重要的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "降低颅内压", "B": "手术治疗", "C": "抗炎治疗", "D": "吸氧治疗"}, "answer": "手术治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "第三产程不应超过(  )。", "options": {"A": "5分钟", "B": "10分钟", "C": "20分钟", "D": "30分钟"}, "answer": "30分钟", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者女性,23岁,摔伤后致单纯性右肩关节脱位,1小时后来医院就诊,X线片末见合并骨折征象。2.复位成功的标志是(  )。", "options": {"A": "方肩", "B": "原肩胛盂处有空虚", "C": "感弹性固定", "D": "Dugas征阴性"}, "answer": "Dugas征阴性", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,8岁,3周前曾患脓疱病,近3天浮肿、少尿,肉眼血尿,血压150/105mmHg,尿蛋白(+++),有大量红细胞,管型1或2个/HP,抗“O”500U,补体C3减少。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾炎性肾病", "B": "单纯性。肾病", "C": "急性肾炎", "D": "IgA肾病"}, "answer": "急性肾炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列细胞器的功能障碍与细胞水肿的发生机制最相关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内质网", "B": "线粒体", "C": "溶酶体", "D": "核糖体"}, "answer": "线粒体", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "乙型肝炎免疫复合物引起的肝外表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮疹、关节痛", "B": "腹痛", "C": "血红蛋白尿", "D": "发热"}, "answer": "皮疹、关节痛", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "蚊虫叮咬人体时,随蚊唾液进入人体的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "裂殖子", "B": "裂殖体", "C": "配子体", "D": "子孢子"}, "answer": "子孢子", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肿瘤相关抗原的含义是(  )。", "options": {"A": "表达于肿瘤细胞而不表达正常细胞", "B": "肿瘤细胞和正常细胞无差异性表达的", "C": "高表达于肿瘤细胞而低表达于正常细胞", "D": "高表达于正常细胞而低表达于肿瘤细胞"}, "answer": "高表达于肿瘤细胞而低表达于正常细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列各型中不属于脑囊虫病临床表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "软脑膜型", "B": "外周神经型", "C": "脑室型", "D": "脑实质型"}, "answer": "外周神经型", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列不属于原发性B细胞缺陷病的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "性联无丙种球蛋白血症", "B": "DiGeorge综合征", "C": "普通变化型免疫缺陷病", "D": "性联高IgM综合征"}, "answer": "DiGeorge综合征", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,18岁、因寒战、发热、咽痛来诊,经检查:体温39℃、双侧扁桃体肿大Ⅱ度,诊断为急性扁桃体炎,决定用青霉素。青霉素皮试为(-)。但注射青霉素后,病人突感头晕、恶心、呕吐,全身湿冷,面色苍白,血压已测不到,此时该用何药抢救?(  )", "options": {"A": "多巴胺", "B": "肾上腺素", "C": "间羟胺", "D": "山莨菪碱"}, "answer": "肾上腺素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "《红楼梦》中的林黛玉,其动作稳定缓慢,观察事物细致入微,敏感多疑,孤独多虑,情感体验深刻且持久。2.根据希波克拉底的体液学说,林黛玉体内占优势的体液为(  )。", "options": {"A": "黄胆汁", "B": "血液", "C": "黏液", "D": "黑胆汁"}, "answer": "黑胆汁", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.有神经肌肉阻滞作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红霉素", "B": "盐酸金刚乙胺", "C": "庆大霉素", "D": "甲硝唑"}, "answer": "庆大霉素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩8岁,患肾病综合征,用激素治疗已半年,昨日出现水痘,为防止病情发展,在临床采取的措施中,下列错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单独隔离,防止交叉感染", "B": "马上停用糖皮质激素", "C": "给予静脉丙种球蛋白", "D": "对症治疗给予退热剂"}, "answer": "马上停用糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,46岁。胸闷不适半年,近来出现进行性四肢无力。胸部X线片发现右前上纵隔阴影。2.该患者首选的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "介入治疗", "B": "化疗", "C": "放疗", "D": "手术治疗"}, "answer": "手术治疗", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "足月儿指(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎龄>37周至<40周的新生儿", "B": "胎龄>30周至<40周的新生儿", "C": "胎龄>37周至<42足周的新生儿", "D": "胎龄>30周至<37足周的新生儿"}, "answer": "胎龄>37周至<42足周的新生儿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某宫颈癌患者,手术切除标本,病理检查镜下观癌组织突破基底膜,癌细胞似鳞状上皮的棘细胞,有角化及癌珠形成,应诊为(  )。", "options": {"A": "低分化鳞癌", "B": "高分化鳞癌", "C": "中分化鳞癌", "D": "子宫颈腺癌"}, "answer": "高分化鳞癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,72岁。摔倒后左肩部着地受伤,肩部肿胀,疼痛,肩关节活动障碍。X线片显示左侧肱骨外科颈骨皮质连续性中断,无明显移位。首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "三角巾悬吊贴胸位固定", "B": "石膏外固定", "C": "切开复位内固定", "D": "小夹板外固定"}, "answer": "三角巾悬吊贴胸位固定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肠道病毒共同特点正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "为裸露的小核糖核酸病毒", "B": "耐碱不耐酸", "C": "只侵犯肠道", "D": "以上均对"}, "answer": "为裸露的小核糖核酸病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "皮质醇增多症特有的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤多毛", "B": "高血压", "C": "骨质疏松", "D": "向心性肥胖"}, "answer": "向心性肥胖", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "营养不良患儿皮下脂肪逐渐减少或消失,最后累及的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "面颊部", "B": "胸部", "C": "臀部", "D": "四肢"}, "answer": "面颊部", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "29岁初产妇,胎儿分娩后死亡。该产妇3天后出现精神异常,并出现黄疸,尿检中有蛋白,下列检查对诊断帮助最大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血常规", "B": "血胆红素", "C": "肾功能", "D": "血清抗核抗体"}, "answer": "血胆红素", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不支持重症肌无力诊断的临床依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "运动后四肢易疲劳", "B": "波动性眼睑下垂和复视", "C": "低频电刺激电位衰减>10%", "D": "疲劳试验休息后症状无改善"}, "answer": "疲劳试验休息后症状无改善", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "成年人最常见的卵巢癌为(  )。", "options": {"A": "浆液性囊腺癌", "B": "黏液性囊腺癌", "C": "子宫内膜样癌", "D": "转移性癌"}, "answer": "浆液性囊腺癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "嘌呤碱基的C8来源于(  )。", "options": {"A": "N5-CH3-FH4", "B": "N5-CH=NH-FH4", "C": "N5,N10-CH2-FH4", "D": "N5,N110=CH-FH4"}, "answer": "N5,N110=CH-FH4", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于房间隔缺损的临床表现,以下不常见的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体格发育较瘦小", "B": "乏力", "C": "多汗", "D": "咯血"}, "answer": "咯血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,60岁,发热4天,37.5℃左右,伴左路踏拇趾痛。检查:血压114/70mmHg,左拇趾甲沟部红肿。血白细胞计数为10×109/L,中性粒细胞为82%。2.左拇趾经切开引流处理后应给予(  )。", "options": {"A": "大剂量青霉素", "B": "激素", "C": "庆大霉素", "D": "维生素"}, "answer": "大剂量青霉素", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "直接影响活动效率,使活动顺利完成的个性心理特征称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "意志", "B": "能力", "C": "人格", "D": "气质"}, "answer": "能力", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女孩,1岁。无不适,未接种过卡介苗。与父母生活在一起,其父患活动性肺结核,病时有咳血。胸部X线片无明显异常。PPD试验(+)。宜采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "隔离观察", "B": "接种卡介苗", "C": "预防性抗结核治疗", "D": "痰培养"}, "answer": "预防性抗结核治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "细菌性肝脓肿的首选检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线", "B": "MRI", "C": "放射性核素检查", "D": "B超"}, "answer": "B超", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "治疗伤寒高热不宜采用哪一项处置?(  )", "options": {"A": "大量退热药", "B": "头放冰袋", "C": "酒精擦浴", "D": "降低室温"}, "answer": "大量退热药", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,50岁,急性胰腺炎胆囊造瘘,胰腺引流术后,禁食,肠胃减压,输液及积极抗感染治疗,吸入高浓度纯氧,动脉血气分析:pH 7.48,PaO2 53mmHg,PaCO2 34mmHg。胸片显示双肺广泛大片状阴影,心电图示窦性心动过速。该病人最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺梗死", "B": "急性呼吸窘迫综合症", "C": "术后肺不张", "D": "败血症"}, "answer": "急性呼吸窘迫综合症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,41岁,复发性甲亢,甲状腺Ⅱ°肿大,伴双侧叶结节,经丙硫氧嘧啶治疗2个月,症状明显减轻,但甲状腺无缩小,心率78次/分,血FT3、FT4、正常,应采用下列哪一项治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "加用甲状腺素片", "B": "手术治疗", "C": "继续原治疗", "D": "减少丙硫氧嘧啶用量"}, "answer": "手术治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "氟喹诺酮类药物抗菌作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制细菌二氢叶酸合成酶", "B": "抑制细菌细胞壁合成", "C": "抑制细菌蛋白质合成", "D": "抑制细菌DNA螺旋酶"}, "answer": "抑制细菌DNA螺旋酶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "呋塞米的利尿作用是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制肾脏的稀释功能", "B": "抑制肾脏的稀释和浓缩功能", "C": "对抗醛固酮的作用", "D": "阻滞Na+通道,减少Na+的重吸收"}, "answer": "抑制肾脏的稀释和浓缩功能", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.腺病毒肺炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "喘憋为突出表现", "B": "咳频、喘憋、发绀", "C": "全身中毒症状明显,重者意识障碍甚至休克", "D": "刺激性咳嗽为突出表现"}, "answer": "咳频、喘憋、发绀", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "属于子宫内膜癌ⅡB期的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "累及宫颈黏膜腺体", "B": "侵犯宫颈间质", "C": "侵犯子宫浆膜层", "D": "盆腔淋巴结或阴道转移"}, "answer": "侵犯宫颈间质", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "通常生物氧化是指生物体内(  )。", "options": {"A": "加氧反应", "B": "脱氢反应", "C": "释出电子的反应", "D": "营养物氧化成H2O和CO2的过程"}, "answer": "营养物氧化成H2O和CO2的过程", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,40岁,农民,发热、头痛、腰痛、恶心3天。体检:体温39.2℃,血压95/65mmHg,面颈及前胸部皮肤潮红,球结膜充血、水肿,可见出血点,腋下及背部见条索状出血点。拟诊断为流行性出血热。3.若患者治疗期间出现明显少尿,近5天24h尿量均在300ml左右,查血尿素氮35mmol/L,血钾达7.0mmol/L。目前最有效的治疗应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "加用排钾利尿药", "B": "控制液体入量", "C": "扩充血容量", "D": "血液透析"}, "answer": "血液透析", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于近球小管重吸收Na+的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "约占滤液中:Na+总量的40%", "B": "与葡萄糖和氨基酸的转运有关", "C": "与H+的分泌无关", "D": "受醛固酮的调节"}, "answer": "与葡萄糖和氨基酸的转运有关", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,30岁。面色苍白半年,2个月前诊断为系统性红斑狼疮。查体:贫血貌,皮肤巩膜轻度黄染,脾肋下2cm。血常规:Hb 78g/L,WBC 4.4×109/L,PLT 72×109/L,Ret 0.14,最可能出现结果异常的实验室检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ham试验", "B": "Coombs试验", "C": "红细胞渗透脆性试验", "D": "异丙醇试验"}, "answer": "Coombs试验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "6.肾小球肾炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "属Ⅰ型超敏反应性疾病", "B": "属Ⅱ型超敏反应性疾病", "C": "属Ⅲ型超敏反应性疾病", "D": "属Ⅳ型超敏反应性疾病"}, "answer": "属Ⅲ型超敏反应性疾病", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "真正结缔组织病包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "SLE、RA、进行性全身性硬皮病(PSS)、多发性肌炎(PM)、结节性多动脉炎(PN)", "B": "SLE、RA、贝切特综合征、干燥综合征", "C": "SLE、RA、PSS、混合性结缔组织病(MCTD)", "D": "SLE、PSS、RA、韦格纳肉芽肿(Wegener granu.10matosis)、脂膜炎"}, "answer": "SLE、RA、进行性全身性硬皮病(PSS)、多发性肌炎(PM)、结节性多动脉炎(PN)", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "激活胰液中胰蛋白酶原的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆盐", "B": "脂肪酸", "C": "肠致活酶", "D": "糜蛋白酶"}, "answer": "肠致活酶", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "35岁男性,浙江人,1个月前因捕鱼着凉,近月发热,体温38.5℃,腹泻稀便。查体:无欲外观,周身可见荨麻疹,无黄疸,肝肋下1.0cm,脾肋下2.0cm,脾轻压痛。血象:白细胞15×109/L,嗜酸粒细胞0.4。其诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤寒", "B": "阿米巴肝脓肿", "C": "急性血吸虫病", "D": "粟粒性结核"}, "answer": "急性血吸虫病", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.烧伤后产生的粉末吸入后可致肺水肿属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "硫酸烧伤", "B": "氢氟酸烧伤", "C": "生石灰烧伤", "D": "磷烧伤"}, "answer": "磷烧伤", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不符合门静脉血流受阻后病理生理变化的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝性脑病", "B": "脾大", "C": "交通支扩张", "D": "腹水"}, "answer": "肝性脑病", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.多于秋季发病,儿童和青年人多见,起病缓慢,阵发性干咳、发热、肌痛,胸片中下叶间质性肺炎改变(  )。", "options": {"A": "喘息型慢性支气管炎", "B": "支气管哮喘", "C": "支气管肺癌", "D": "肺炎支原体肺炎"}, "answer": "肺炎支原体肺炎", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是硅肺的特征性病变?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺间质纤维化", "B": "胸膜呈斑状增厚", "C": "硅结节", "D": "类上皮肉芽肿"}, "answer": "硅结节", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "慢性肾盂肾炎大体描述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾弥漫性颗粒状", "B": "肾表面散在出血点", "C": "肾不对称性缩小", "D": "肾弥漫性肿大"}, "answer": "肾不对称性缩小", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为心理应激概念的核心?(  )", "options": {"A": "适应和应对“过程”", "B": "生理反应", "C": "心理反应", "D": "心理刺激物"}, "answer": "适应和应对“过程”", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,48岁。反复咳嗽、咳痰、咯血10余年。查体:可见杵状指。左肩胛下角出可闻及局限性湿啰音。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺结核", "B": "肺脓肿", "C": "先天性肺囊肿", "D": "支气管扩张"}, "answer": "支气管扩张", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,26岁。现产后5天,既往“子宫肌癌”病史。因急性腹痛伴发热2天、腹部包块增大就诊。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫肌瘤恶性变", "B": "子宫肌瘤囊性变", "C": "子宫肌瘤红色变", "D": "子宫肌瘤玻璃样变"}, "answer": "子宫肌瘤红色变", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,42岁。双下肢水肿1月余,进行性呼吸困难半个月。2个月前因腰椎间盘突出卧床休息。查体:BP 120/80mmHg,双肺呼吸音清,心率93次/分,P2>A2。超声心动图提示肺动脉高压。该患者呼吸困难的最可能原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左心衰竭", "B": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病", "C": "肺血栓栓塞", "D": "全心衰竭"}, "answer": "肺血栓栓塞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "静脉补钾浓度,一般不得超过(  )。", "options": {"A": "3%", "B": "3‰", "C": "1.5%", "D": "2%"}, "answer": "3‰", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.属于核黄素活性形式的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ADP", "B": "FAD", "C": "NADH", "D": "NADPH"}, "answer": "FAD", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "脑出血的手术治疗指征,哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "皮质下,血肿量≥30ml", "B": "小脑内,血肿量≥30ml", "C": "脑干内,血肿量≥30ml", "D": "脑室内,血肿量≥30ml"}, "answer": "脑干内,血肿量≥30ml", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "初孕妇,25岁。现妊娠9周。半年前曾因感冒诱发心力衰竭。查体:心率110次/分,心尖部闻及舒张期杂音,肝肋下可触及。该患者正确的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "继续妊娠,增加产前检查次数", "B": "终止妊娠,行钳刮术", "C": "继续妊娠,需口服地高辛", "D": "终止妊娠,行负压吸引术"}, "answer": "终止妊娠,行负压吸引术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "断肢再植吻合血管时,其所吻合的动、静脉比例应以多少为宜(  )。", "options": {"A": "1:2", "B": "2:1", "C": "1:4", "D": "2:1.5"}, "answer": "1:2", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,26岁。左上肢外层位跌倒,手掌着地,当即左肩肿痛。查体:左肩部饱满,肩部稍下方凹陷有明显压痛,患肩活动障碍,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左肩关节后脱位", "B": "左肩软组织损伤", "C": "肱骨外科颈骨折", "D": "肱骨外科颈骨折合并关节脱位"}, "answer": "肱骨外科颈骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "用一种筛检乳腺癌的试验,对400例患有乳腺癌的妇女和400名正常妇女进行筛检,结果前者中80例阳性,后者中40例阳性。1.该实验的灵敏度为(  )。", "options": {"A": "25%", "B": "67%", "C": "20%", "D": "80%"}, "answer": "20%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.外形为子弹状、有包膜的RNA病毒是(  )。", "options": {"A": "森林脑炎病毒", "B": "巨细胞病毒", "C": "狂犬病病毒", "D": "柯萨奇病毒"}, "answer": "狂犬病病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "脑局灶性病变时,病人听到事实不存在的鸣笛声,此种幻觉称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "原始性幻听", "B": "反射性幻听", "C": "机能性幻听", "D": "心因性幻听"}, "answer": "原始性幻听", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在血浆内含有的下述物质中,肝脏不能合成的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "凝血酶原", "B": "免疫球蛋白", "C": "清蛋白", "D": "纤维蛋白原"}, "answer": "免疫球蛋白", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一职工从沿海某城市归来,腹泻1d,10余次,水样便,到市医院求治,疑为肠炎,后大便培养出E1-Tor型细菌。诊断后11h医师上报疫情,国家要求上报此类传染病最迟不超过(  )。", "options": {"A": "6h", "B": "12h", "C": "18h", "D": "24h"}, "answer": "12h", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "乳房脓肿切开引流处理错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应做放射状切开", "B": "切开乳管充分引流", "C": "乳晕下脓肿应沿乳晕边缘作弧形切口", "D": "深部脓肿可沿乳房下缘做弧形切口"}, "answer": "切开乳管充分引流", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪一项不属于心理应激对健康的消极影响?(  )", "options": {"A": "使机体免疫功能下降", "B": "是事故、车祸、自杀的主要原因之一", "C": "加重原有的躯体和精神疾病", "D": "使个体丧失工作、学习能力"}, "answer": "使个体丧失工作、学习能力", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "低血糖出现交感神经兴奋症状是由于释放大量(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素", "B": "胰高血糖素", "C": "血管加压素", "D": "生长激素"}, "answer": "肾上腺素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.夜间阵发性呼吸困难,高枕卧位,颈静脉怒张,肺底可闻及干、湿啰音,肝大,下肢水肿,诊断考虑是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全心衰竭", "B": "急性左心衰竭", "C": "慢性右心衰竭", "D": "慢性左心衰"}, "answer": "全心衰竭", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "黄疸患者合并肿大而无触痛的胆囊时,最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝癌", "B": "慢性胆囊炎、胆囊积水", "C": "胆囊颈部结石嵌顿", "D": "中下段胆管癌"}, "answer": "中下段胆管癌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "智力发展的关键期在(  )。", "options": {"A": "3岁前", "B": "5岁前", "C": "6岁前", "D": "7岁前"}, "answer": "7岁前", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "属于产褥期血液系统变化的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "产褥早期血液转为低凝状态", "B": "白细胞总数于产褥早期较低", "C": "红细胞计数及血红蛋白值逐渐增高", "D": "红细胞沉降率于产后1~2周降至正常"}, "answer": "红细胞计数及血红蛋白值逐渐增高", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某幼儿园小班发现一患白喉的小朋友,那么对同班小朋友应采取下列哪项紧急预防措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "注射丙种球蛋白", "B": "注射白喉类毒素", "C": "注射白喉抗毒素", "D": "注射白百破三联疫苗"}, "answer": "注射白喉抗毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对快动眼睡眠影响小,成瘾性较轻的催眠药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "哌替啶", "B": "地西泮", "C": "氯丙嗪", "D": "甲丙氨酯"}, "answer": "地西泮", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.晚期血吸虫病可表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热、过敏、腹痛、腹泻、肝肿大", "B": "发热、球结膜充血、淋巴结肿大、全身酸痛", "C": "发热、头痛、腰痛", "D": "脾巨大、腹水"}, "answer": "脾巨大、腹水", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪项不是吗啡镇痛药成瘾的精神症状?(  )", "options": {"A": "痴呆", "B": "情绪低落、消沉、易激惹", "C": "记忆力下降", "D": "人格改变"}, "answer": "痴呆", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.2岁小儿应会的动作(  )。", "options": {"A": "抬头,可注视光源", "B": "独坐", "C": "独走", "D": "双足跳"}, "answer": "双足跳", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.强心苷治疗心衰的药理基础是(  )。", "options": {"A": "增加房室结的隐匿性传导", "B": "加强心肌收缩力", "C": "缩短心房的ERP", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "加强心肌收缩力", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "属于乳腺癌特殊类型的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "浸润性导管癌", "B": "导管原位癌", "C": "导管内癌", "D": "小管癌"}, "answer": "小管癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某大医院一位眼科博士,因急于为两位病人进行角膜移植,而又一时找不到现成的供体角膜,所以在本院太平间“盗取”了一病死者的尸体角膜用于移植,获得成功。此事后被死者家属发现,以未经本人生前及死后家属知情同意,严重损害了死者及其家属的权益为由,将该医生告上了法庭。经调查得知:接受角膜移植术的两位病人与该医师无特殊关系;死者生前与该医师无利害冲突;该医师也未由此谋取分文私利,只是不了解有关要求。1.对该医师的正确医德评价应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "说不清", "B": "不符合医德要求", "C": "不能进行医德评判", "D": "以上都不对"}, "answer": "不符合医德要求", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "心理测验的原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "标准化", "B": "保密", "C": "与受试者建立良好的协调关系", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "抗体抗原反应的特异性主要依赖于(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗原的相对分子质量", "B": "抗原和抗体的浓度", "C": "抗原和抗体的构象", "D": "免疫球蛋白的类别"}, "answer": "抗原和抗体的构象", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪项不是继发性肺结核病的病变特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "病变多从肺尖部开始", "B": "患者对结核杆菌有一定免疫力", "C": "肺内形成新旧不等的病变", "D": "肺内病变主要通过淋巴管蔓延"}, "answer": "肺内病变主要通过淋巴管蔓延", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.Curling溃疡的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "酒精", "B": "幽门螺杆菌感染", "C": "严重烧伤", "D": "非类固醇消炎药"}, "answer": "严重烧伤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,22岁,月经增多8个月,2周来牙龈出血,下肢皮肤散在出血点与瘀斑,血红蛋白789/L,白细胞5.0×109/L,临床考虑为特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)。4.治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "云南白药", "B": "西咪替丁", "C": "大剂量丙种球蛋白", "D": "皮质激素"}, "answer": "大剂量丙种球蛋白", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,18岁学生,不出门怕见人,不去上课,纠缠父母出钱给自己做美容手术半年。原因是半年来反复照镜子发现自己的鼻子比以前变大了,难看了。说班上的同学都讥笑他。出门就感觉别人在说他,别人的眼光看他时很特别,能使他头痛。父母不愿意出钱就说父母不关心他,不是父母亲生的,曾说要去做亲子鉴定1.该患者的精神症状中不存在(  )。", "options": {"A": "关系妄想", "B": "物理影响妄想", "C": "非血统妄想", "D": "被控制妄想"}, "answer": "被控制妄想", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是最易发生肺肉质变的疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺不张", "B": "大叶性肺炎", "C": "间质性肺炎", "D": "小叶性肺炎"}, "answer": "大叶性肺炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,32岁。反复腰部胀痛1年余。B超见右肾盂结石,大小1.5cm×1.0cm,左肾积水,左输尿管上段结石,大小1.0cm×0.8cm。尿常规:RBC 5~10/HP,WBC 16~20/HP。总肾功能正常。2.首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左输尿管结石体外冲击波碎石", "B": "右肾盂结石体外冲击波碎石", "C": "药物排石", "D": "右肾盂切开取石"}, "answer": "左输尿管结石体外冲击波碎石", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪期左冠脉血流量急剧减少(  )。", "options": {"A": "舒张晚期", "B": "等容收缩期", "C": "等容舒张期", "D": "快速射血期"}, "answer": "等容收缩期", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性肾小球肾炎的主要临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "少尿,水肿,蛋白尿,低蛋白血症", "B": "血尿,蛋白尿,水肿,低蛋白血症", "C": "水肿,少尿,血尿,高血压", "D": "水肿,少尿,蛋白尿,高血压"}, "answer": "水肿,少尿,血尿,高血压", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "《医院感染管理规范》规定,置于无菌储槽中的灭菌物品(棉球、纱布等)一经打开,使用时间最长不得超过(  )。", "options": {"A": "12小时", "B": "24小时", "C": "36小时", "D": "48小时"}, "answer": "24小时", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不包含在医学伦理学有利原则之内的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "努力使病人受益(有助益)", "B": "对利害得失全面权衡", "C": "造成有意伤害时主动积极赔偿", "D": "关心病人的客观利益和主观利益"}, "answer": "造成有意伤害时主动积极赔偿", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.粉末进入呼吸道可致呼吸困难的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硫酸烧伤", "B": "氢氟酸烧伤", "C": "生石灰烧伤", "D": "磷烧伤"}, "answer": "生石灰烧伤", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "体内合成胆碱原料的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "苏氨酸", "B": "肌醇", "C": "丝氨酸", "D": "甘氨酸"}, "answer": "丝氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是慢性支气管炎患者咳痰的病变基础?(  )", "options": {"A": "黏膜上皮细胞变性、坏死、脱落", "B": "黏膜上皮纤毛倒伏、脱失", "C": "细支气管周围炎", "D": "黏液腺肥大、增生,分泌亢进,浆液腺黏液化"}, "answer": "黏液腺肥大、增生,分泌亢进,浆液腺黏液化", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "IgG分子被胃蛋白酶水解后可以形成(  )。", "options": {"A": "一个Fab段和一个Fc段", "B": "两个Fab段", "C": "两个Fab段和pFc’", "D": "一个F(ab’)2和pFc’"}, "answer": "一个F(ab’)2和pFc’", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "正常胎儿成熟度的判定,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "羊水胆红素类物质ΔOD450<0.10,提示胎儿肝成熟", "B": "羊水卵磷脂/鞘磷脂比值>1,提示胎儿肺成熟", "C": "羊水含脂肪细胞出现率>10%,提示胎儿皮肤成熟", "D": "B超测胎头双顶径>8.5cm,提示胎儿成熟"}, "answer": "B超测胎头双顶径>8.5cm,提示胎儿成熟", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,43岁。患甲状腺功能亢进3年,经多方治疗病情仍难控制,需行甲状腺部分切除术,正确的术前准备应包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "术前两周给予丙硫氧嘧啶+普萘洛尔", "B": "术前两周给予丙硫氧嘧啶+小剂量碘剂", "C": "术前两周给予丙硫氧嘧啶+大剂量碘剂", "D": "术前两周给予丙硫氧嘧啶"}, "answer": "术前两周给予丙硫氧嘧啶+普萘洛尔", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "慢性支气管炎典型病变中不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管腺体和杯状细胞增生", "B": "支气管内有多量泡沫细胞", "C": "支气管壁有大量慢性炎症细胞浸润", "D": "支气管软骨变性、萎缩"}, "answer": "支气管内有多量泡沫细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "按照母婴保健法规定,应当经本人同意并签字,本人无行为能力的,应当经其监护人同意并签字的情形是(  )。", "options": {"A": "产前检查、终止妊娠", "B": "终止妊娠、结扎手术", "C": "产前诊断、结扎手术", "D": "产前诊断、终止妊娠"}, "answer": "终止妊娠、结扎手术", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小脑幕切迹疝时,疝入小脑幕裂孔的组织是(  )。", "options": {"A": "额叶内侧", "B": "额叶勾回", "C": "枕叶", "D": "小脑扁桃体"}, "answer": "额叶勾回", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,重体力劳动工人,腰腿痛,并向左下肢放散,咳嗽、喷嚏时加重。检查腰部活动明显受限,并向左倾斜,直腿抬高试验阳性。病程中无低热、盗汗、消瘦症状。6.诊断该患者最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右髋关节后脱位", "B": "右股骨颈骨折", "C": "右髋关节前脱位", "D": "右髋软组织损伤"}, "answer": "右股骨颈骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "前列腺增生症,残尿量过多,使膀胱失去收缩能力,膀胱过度膨胀,尿不自主从尿道口冲出,称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "压力性尿失禁", "B": "充盈性尿失禁", "C": "真性尿失禁", "D": "尿滴沥"}, "answer": "充盈性尿失禁", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,50岁。因胸骨后剧痛10小时来院急诊,诊断为急性心肌梗死入院。立即做冠状动脉造影,显示左冠状动脉回旋支中段阻塞。入院15小时突然死亡。2.患者死亡的最可能原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性左心衰", "B": "室颤", "C": "休克", "D": "乳头肌断裂"}, "answer": "室颤", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "AIDS的病原是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人类嘈T细胞病毒Ⅰ型", "B": "人类嗜T细胞病毒Ⅱ型", "C": "EB病毒", "D": "人类免疫缺陷病毒"}, "answer": "人类免疫缺陷病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.粒细胞缺乏症的诊断标准是指外周血的中性粒细胞绝对数低于(  )。", "options": {"A": "0.5×109/L", "B": "1.5×109/L", "C": "3.0×109/L", "D": "0.2×109/L"}, "answer": "0.5×109/L", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在开放性骨折的处理时,哪项是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "用毛刷洗刷污染的骨质", "B": "失去生活力的大块肌肉组织可以部分保留", "C": "大块的碎骨块可在清洁消毒后放回原处", "D": "不能切除创口的边缘"}, "answer": "大块的碎骨块可在清洁消毒后放回原处", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.必须按照卫生防疫机构提出的卫生要求进行处理的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "被甲类传染病病原体污染的污水", "B": "被可疑乙类传染病人用过的物品", "C": "被可疑丙类传染病人用过的物品", "D": "被丙类传染病病原体污染的污水"}, "answer": "被丙类传染病病原体污染的污水", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "预防医学的特点不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "着重于疾病预防", "B": "研究方法上注重微观和宏观结合", "C": "以环境、人群为研究重点", "D": "着重于个体治疗"}, "answer": "着重于个体治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "血胸欲行胸腔闭式引流术,最佳引流位置是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腋中线第6~8肋间", "B": "腋中线与腋后线之间第6~8肋间", "C": "腋前线与腋中线之间第6~8肋间", "D": "腋前线第6~8肋间"}, "answer": "腋中线与腋后线之间第6~8肋间", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.细动脉硬化(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小管上皮吞饮吸收大量血浆蛋白", "B": "血浆蛋白渗入血管壁内", "C": "前角蛋白成分在肝细胞内聚集", "D": "免疫球蛋白在浆细胞内堆集"}, "answer": "血浆蛋白渗入血管壁内", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.强直—阵挛发作首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙戊酸钠", "B": "苯妥英钠", "C": "乙琥胺", "D": "地西泮"}, "answer": "丙戊酸钠", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对判断肝硬化患者预后意义不大的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹水", "B": "血清电解质", "C": "凝血酶原时间", "D": "肝性脑病"}, "answer": "血清电解质", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项描述《中华人民共和国执业医师法》的适用范围最全面?(  )", "options": {"A": "依法取得执业医师资格的人", "B": "依法取得执业医师资格或者执业助理医师资格,经注册在医疗机构中执业的专业医务人员", "C": "依法取得执业医师资格或者执业助理医师资格的专业医务人员", "D": "依法取得执业医师资格或者执业助理医师资格,经注册在医疗、预防、保健机构中执业的专业医务人员"}, "answer": "依法取得执业医师资格或者执业助理医师资格,经注册在医疗、预防、保健机构中执业的专业医务人员", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性阑尾炎,当腹痛尚未转移至右下腹前,在诊断上具有重要意义的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有白细胞显著升高", "B": "脐区压痛及反跳痛", "C": "脐区及右下腹均有压痛、反跳痛", "D": "右下腹固定压痛"}, "answer": "右下腹固定压痛", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "抑郁症治疗最首要的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "改善情绪", "B": "改善睡眠", "C": "防止自伤自杀", "D": "心理支持"}, "answer": "防止自伤自杀", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "结核病的细胞免疫中,哪一种细胞起主要作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "巨噬细胞", "B": "T淋巴细胞", "C": "中性粒细胞", "D": "嗜酸粒细胞"}, "answer": "T淋巴细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于病毒与肿瘤发生的关系,哪一项组合是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "乙型肝炎病毒——原发性肝癌", "B": "汉坦病毒——肺癌", "C": "人乳头瘤病毒——子宫颈癌", "D": "人嗜T细胞病毒——白血病"}, "answer": "汉坦病毒——肺癌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "早产儿,胎龄33周出生,生后4小时出现呼吸增快,进行性加重伴呼气性呻吟,青紫,肺呼吸音降低,心率增快,腹部(-)。3.特效治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗菌素应用", "B": "持续呼吸道正压吸氧", "C": "机械通气", "D": "肺表面活性物质的应用"}, "answer": "肺表面活性物质的应用", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某疟疾患者突起畏寒、寒战,体温39℃,此时体内的变化是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "散热中枢兴奋", "B": "调定点上调", "C": "皮肤血管扩张", "D": "体温调节功能障碍"}, "answer": "调定点上调", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,63岁,晨起发现言语不清,右侧肢体活动不适,既往体健,发病后5小时体检神志清楚,血压120/80mmHg,右侧中枢性面瘫,舌瘫,右侧上下肢肌力2级,右半身痛觉减退,CT未见异常。3.应选择的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "调整血压", "B": "溶栓治疗", "C": "应用止血剂", "D": "脑保护剂"}, "answer": "溶栓治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于帕金森病的三个主要体征的描述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "震颤,肌张力增高,慌张步态", "B": "震颤,面具脸,肌张力增高", "C": "震颤,肌张力增高,运动减少", "D": "震颤,面具脸,运动减少"}, "answer": "震颤,肌张力增高,运动减少", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为医务人员在心理上对自己的医德行为所表现的一种爱憎好恶的情绪状态?(  )", "options": {"A": "医德范畴", "B": "医德良心", "C": "医德情感", "D": "医德权利"}, "answer": "医德情感", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.属自然主动免疫的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "经胎盘、初乳获得免疫", "B": "经注射抗毒素获得免疫", "C": "经接种疫苗获得免疫", "D": "经隐性感染或患病后获得免疫"}, "answer": "经隐性感染或患病后获得免疫", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5-氟尿嘧啶的抗癌作用机理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制叶酸还原酶", "B": "抑制胸苷酸的合成", "C": "抑制尿嘧啶的合成", "D": "抑制胸腺嘧啶的合成"}, "answer": "抑制胸苷酸的合成", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,45岁,双手和膝关节肿痛伴晨僵1年。查体:肘部可及皮下结节,质硬,无触痛。2.最有助于确定诊断的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "关节影像检查", "B": "滑液检查", "C": "ESR", "D": "CRP"}, "answer": "关节影像检查", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,42岁。呕吐、腹泻两天,意识模糊、烦躁不安半天急诊入院。查体:血压110/70mmHg,神志恍惚,巩膜中度黄染,颈部可见数枚蜘蛛痣,心肺未见异常,腹软,肝肋下未触及,脾肋下3cm,双上肢散在出血点,Hb 90g/L,WBC 3.2×109/L,血糖7.0mmol/L,尿糖(+),尿酮(-),尿镜检(-)。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝性脑病", "B": "糖尿病酮症酸中毒", "C": "高渗性非酮症糖尿病昏迷", "D": "尿毒症"}, "answer": "肝性脑病", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,48岁,患扩张型心肌病,6分钟步行测试行走140米。该患者的心功能评级应属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "心功能代偿正常", "B": "重度心功能不全", "C": "极重度心功能不全", "D": "轻度心功能不全"}, "answer": "重度心功能不全", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对躯体疾病所致谵妄状态的处理,不正确的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "积极治疗原发疾病", "B": "精神症状对症处理", "C": "环境干预,越安静越好", "D": "告知家属相关知识,消除紧张情绪"}, "answer": "环境干预,越安静越好", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者女性,35岁,颈部增粗,伴失眠,易激动,食欲亢进半年。查体:甲状腺弥漫性肿大,眼球突出,P100次/分,BP130/80mmHg,CT示胸骨后甲状腺肿。为明确诊断,抽血测T3、T4和TSH。2.该患者首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "用普萘洛尔治疗", "B": "甲状腺大部切除术", "C": "抗甲状腺药物治疗", "D": "多吃含碘丰富的食物,如海带、紫菜"}, "answer": "甲状腺大部切除术", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "用药物可能治愈的先天性心脏病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "法洛四联症", "B": "动脉导管未闭", "C": "室间隔缺损", "D": "大血管部分转位"}, "answer": "动脉导管未闭", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.丘脑下部损伤致脑血管自动调节功能障碍(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞毒性脑水肿", "B": "低渗性脑水肿", "C": "间质性脑水肿", "D": "脑肿胀"}, "answer": "脑肿胀", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,45岁。头痛、头晕2年,2周来加重伴心悸、乏力、鼻出血及牙龈出血。查体:血压170/110mmHg,皮肤黏膜苍白,Hb 65g/L,PLT 148×109/L,尿蛋白(+++),尿红细胞3~5/HP,BUN 38mmol/L,Scr 887μmol/L,GFR 10ml/min。肾脏B超左肾8.9cm×4.6cm×4.1cm,右肾8.7cm×4.4cm×4.1cm,双肾皮质变薄。3.该患者最佳的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "输血", "B": "控制高血压", "C": "积极止血", "D": "血液净化"}, "answer": "血液净化", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医疗机构的下列行为中不属于违反条例的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "工作人员上岗未按规定佩戴标牌", "B": "未将执业许可证、收费标准等悬挂于明显处所", "C": "擅自增加医师人数", "D": "擅自涂改执业许可证"}, "answer": "擅自增加医师人数", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,60岁,1天来右侧肢体无力、麻木,神志清晰,经头颅CT检查左内囊区低密度影,下列哪项为最可能出现的体征?(  )", "options": {"A": "三偏综合征", "B": "左侧周围性面瘫,右肢体瘫痪", "C": "Wallenberg综合征", "D": "单瘫"}, "answer": "三偏综合征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某冠心病患者想接受冠脉搭桥治疗,但又担心术中出现意外,这属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "双趋冲突", "B": "双避冲突", "C": "趋避冲突", "D": "多重趋避冲突"}, "answer": "趋避冲突", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.控制支气管哮喘急性发作的首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "特布他林", "B": "酮替芬", "C": "糖皮质激素", "D": "白三烯"}, "answer": "特布他林", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.糖酵解糖异生共同需要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "磷酸果糖激酶-2", "B": "3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶", "C": "6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶", "D": "果糖双磷酸酶-1"}, "answer": "3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不属于免疫缺陷病的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "X-连锁慢性肉芽肿病", "B": "艾滋病", "C": "遗传型血管神经性水肿", "D": "系统性红斑狼疮"}, "answer": "遗传型血管神经性水肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.成人每日所需水分(  )。", "options": {"A": "150ml/kg", "B": "125ml/kg", "C": "100ml/kg", "D": "40ml/kg"}, "answer": "40ml/kg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "骨折X线检查的重要意义是(  )。", "options": {"A": "了解骨折的发生机制", "B": "明确骨折的诊断", "C": "了解组织的损伤情况", "D": "了解骨质密度"}, "answer": "明确骨折的诊断", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新斯的明属于何类药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "N2受体激动药", "B": "N1受体激动药", "C": "胆碱酯酶抑制剂", "D": "胆碱酯酶复活剂"}, "answer": "胆碱酯酶抑制剂", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,63岁,间断咳嗽15年,活动后气短3年,咳嗽、咳痰伴呼吸困难加重1周入院。查体:半卧位,口唇发绀,双肺可闻及干湿性啰音。动脉血气分析示:pH 7.32,PaCO2 56mmHg,PaO2 52mHg。下述氧疗和呼吸支持治疗措施中,应首选的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "机械通气", "B": "持续低流量吸氧", "C": "面罩高浓度给氧", "D": "高频正压通气"}, "answer": "持续低流量吸氧", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "用于治疗人破伤风的抗毒素血清对人属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗原", "B": "不完全抗体", "C": "抗体", "D": "抗原抗体复合物"}, "answer": "抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者腰痛多年,时轻时重,伴双下肢痛。10天前搬重物后腰腿痛加剧,并出现麻木与排尿困难。查体:腰运动受限,椎旁压痛向下肢放散,直腿高举与足背屈附加试验阳性,马鞍区痛觉减退。1.出现排尿困难,鞍区麻木的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊神经后支卡压", "B": "窦椎神经受刺激", "C": "马尾神经受压", "D": "L5神经根受压"}, "answer": "马尾神经受压", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,62岁。近两月来常有吞咽困难,伴隐痛,但可进半流质饮食,自感体力不支,逐渐消瘦。3.经检查见食管病变位于主动脉弓到肺下静脉平面,该部位是食管解剖分段的(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈段", "B": "胸上段", "C": "胸中段", "D": "腹段"}, "answer": "胸上段", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.副作用为球后视神经炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "异烟肼", "B": "利福平", "C": "乙胺丁醇", "D": "链霉素"}, "answer": "乙胺丁醇", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,45岁。车祸致左枕部着地,当即意识丧失,送至附近医院途中右侧肢体间断性抽搐伴喷射状呕吐3次。查体:P 56次/分,BP 160/95mmHg,浅昏迷、躁动,右侧瞳孔直径约4mm,左侧2mm;对光反射:左侧存在,右侧消失,左侧肌力3级,右侧肌力5级;左枕部头皮血肿,颈项强直。2.颅内出血的来源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑表面小血管", "B": "下矢状窦", "C": "横窦", "D": "硬脑膜中动脉"}, "answer": "脑表面小血管", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一贫血女性,34岁,妊娠6个月,既往月经过多,血红蛋白75g/L,红细胞3.3×1012/L,网织细胞2%,血清铁460μg/L,总铁结合力4600μg/L,血清总胆红素2.0μmol/L。诊断最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "失血性贫血", "B": "缺铁性贫血", "C": "溶血性贫血", "D": "铁幼粒细胞性贫血"}, "answer": "缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.学龄前儿每日所需水分(  )。", "options": {"A": "150ml/kg", "B": "125ml/kg", "C": "100ml/kg", "D": "40ml/kg"}, "answer": "100ml/kg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,52岁,脑梗死后第3日出现意识不清,血压190/100mmHg,左侧偏瘫,脑压280mmH2O,首选的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "降压药", "B": "扩张血管药", "C": "尿激酶静脉点滴", "D": "20%甘露醇静脉滴注"}, "answer": "20%甘露醇静脉滴注", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有关炎症介质的描述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可引起组织增生", "B": "可引起血管扩张", "C": "可引起血管通透性增加", "D": "可引起发热和疼痛"}, "answer": "可引起组织增生", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.最常见的手术方式是整个脏器切除术(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝破裂", "B": "脾破裂", "C": "胰腺挫裂伤", "D": "十二指肠断裂"}, "answer": "脾破裂", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.血清或酶制剂使用(  )。", "options": {"A": "巴氏消毒法", "B": "煮沸法", "C": "紫外线消毒法", "D": "过滤除菌法"}, "answer": "过滤除菌法", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.多发生在秋、冬季(  )。", "options": {"A": "致病性大肠埃希菌肠炎", "B": "轮状病毒性肠炎", "C": "细菌性痢疾", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌肠炎"}, "answer": "轮状病毒性肠炎", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是少年甲亢患者内科常规治疗的药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "丙硫氧嘧啶", "B": "甲状腺素", "C": "普萘洛尔", "D": "碘化钾"}, "answer": "丙硫氧嘧啶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "网状纤维出现于肿瘤哪里才有意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "癌细胞之间", "B": "肿瘤腺管之间", "C": "肉瘤细胞之间", "D": "转移癌细胞之间"}, "answer": "肉瘤细胞之间", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一名耕种水稻的农民,突然出现高热、乏力,伴有腓肠肌疼痛、眼结膜出血及淋巴结肿大。引起该患者感染的微生物感染可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "梅毒螺旋体", "B": "钩端螺旋体", "C": "甲型肝炎病毒", "D": "伯氏疏螺旋体"}, "answer": "钩端螺旋体", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.糖尿病肾病的特征性表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "弥漫性系膜细胞增生及系膜基质增厚", "B": "肾小球毛细血管壁硬化", "C": "弥漫性上皮细胞足突消失", "D": "肾毛细血管基底膜不规则增生"}, "answer": "弥漫性上皮细胞足突消失", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,男,5岁。因生长和智力发育落后就诊。查体:身材矮小,头围小,眼距宽,鼻梁低,外耳小,通贯手,心脏听诊有杂音。为明确诊断最合适的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "智力测定", "B": "血清T3、T4检测", "C": "超声心动图检查", "D": "染色体核型分析"}, "answer": "染色体核型分析", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者男性,40岁,烧伤后3h入院。疼痛剧烈,感口渴。面色苍白,心率150/min,血压11.3/8.66kPa(85/65mmHg),头颈部、躯干部布满大小不等水疱,可见潮红创面。两上肢呈焦黄色,无水疱。1.该患者Ⅲ度烧伤面积为(  )。", "options": {"A": "2×9%", "B": "3×9%", "C": "4×9%", "D": "5×9%"}, "answer": "2×9%", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,40岁。查体发现“心动过缓”20余年。平时心率45~55次/分,无心悸,无头晕和乏力,无黑蒙和晕厥。运动后心率可达到90次/分。该患者最适宜的处置是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服胺碘酮", "B": "暂不治疗,定期随诊", "C": "口服阿托品", "D": "静脉注射异丙肾上腺素"}, "answer": "暂不治疗,定期随诊", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某孕妇产前检查时发现有淋菌病性子宫颈炎,胎儿娩出后应作何处理?(  )", "options": {"A": "0.01%氯己定清洗婴儿皮肤", "B": "给婴儿注射青霉素", "C": "给婴儿口服氟哌酸", "D": "1%硝酸银滴眼"}, "answer": "1%硝酸银滴眼", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是吗啡的适应证?(  )", "options": {"A": "感染性腹泻", "B": "分娩止痛", "C": "心源性哮喘", "D": "颅脑外伤止痛"}, "answer": "心源性哮喘", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "血中补体水平下降一般不见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "急进性肾小球肾炎", "B": "系膜增生性肾小球肾炎", "C": "狼疮肾炎", "D": "急性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "急进性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "Addison病最有诊断价值的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿17-羟和尿17-酮", "B": "ACTH兴奋试验", "C": "地塞米松抑制试验", "D": "甲吡酮试验"}, "answer": "ACTH兴奋试验", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,48岁。肝硬化病史6年,大量放腹腔积液后出现睡眠障碍,扑翼样震颤,脑电异常,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝性脑病Ⅰ级", "B": "肝性脑病Ⅱ级", "C": "肝性脑病Ⅲ级", "D": "肝性脑病Ⅳ级"}, "answer": "肝性脑病Ⅱ级", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有权批准医疗机构配制临床需要而市场无供应的麻醉药品和精神药品制剂的部门是(  )。", "options": {"A": "社区的市级药品监督管理部门", "B": "省级药品监督管理部门", "C": "社区的市级卫生行政部门", "D": "县级卫生行政部门"}, "answer": "省级药品监督管理部门", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "乳房后脓肿切开引流最好采用(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳房表面放射状切口", "B": "乳晕下缘弧形切口", "C": "乳房下缘弧形切口", "D": "乳房外侧斜切口"}, "answer": "乳房下缘弧形切口", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "冬季,1岁男孩,发热、呕吐、腹泻3天,体温38℃,每日腹泻10次左右,呈蛋花汤样,无腥臭,1天来尿少,10小时无尿。查体:眼窝、前囟深陷,皮肤干燥,弹性极差,肢端凉。大便镜检偶见白细胞,血钠132mmol/L。3.如果患儿在输液后出现惊厥,则首先应做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "测血糖", "B": "测血气分析", "C": "测血钙、镁", "D": "脑脊液"}, "answer": "测血钙、镁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,25岁,人流术后2周,腹痛伴高热,阴道分泌物增多,大便里急后重。妇科检查:宫颈管内可见大量脓性分泌物。宫颈举痛。子宫前位,饱满,质中等,活动不良,压痛明显,附件增厚,下腹压痛,反跳痛,及肌紧张阳性。查体:体温38.5℃1.患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫内膜异位症", "B": "慢性盆腔炎", "C": "急性盆腔腹膜炎", "D": "宫腔粘连"}, "answer": "急性盆腔腹膜炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,26岁。发热、乏力伴皮肤出血点2周。查体:贫血貌,牙龈肿胀,肝脾轻度肿大,化验:Hb 75g/L,WBC 2.8×109/L,PLT 57×109/L,骨髓增生极度活跃,原始细胞84%,过氧化物酶染色弱阳性,非特异性酯酶染色阳性,阳性反应可被氟化钠抑制。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性巨核细胞白血病", "B": "急性单核细胞白血病", "C": "急性粒细胞白血病", "D": "红白血病"}, "answer": "急性单核细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "属于β受体阻滞剂的降压药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硝苯地平", "B": "维拉帕米", "C": "阿替洛尔", "D": "哌唑嗪"}, "answer": "阿替洛尔", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述形成心室肌细胞动作电位的离子基础中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "0期主要是Na+内流", "B": "1期主要是Cl-外流", "C": "2期主要是Ca2+内流", "D": "4期有K+内流"}, "answer": "1期主要是Cl-外流", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,男,7月,因发热、腹泻2天于10月16日入院。2天前开始发热,呕吐2次,继之出现腹泻,稀水样便6~8次/天,量多,次日热退吐止,腹泻加重,尿量减少,精神萎靡,前囟眼窝凹陷,皮肤弹性差,心肺听诊阴性。2.根据临床表现,其脱水情况为(  )。", "options": {"A": "重度脱水", "B": "轻度脱水", "C": "中度脱水", "D": "无明显脱水"}, "answer": "中度脱水", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "重症营养性缺铁性贫血典型的血象应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血红蛋白、红细胞成比例地减少", "B": "血红蛋白减少比红细胞减少得更加明显", "C": "以红细胞减少为主", "D": "血红蛋白减少,红细胞正常"}, "answer": "血红蛋白减少比红细胞减少得更加明显", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.新生儿轻度贫血是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "血红蛋白<30g/L", "B": "血红蛋白<60g/L", "C": "血红蛋白60~90g/L", "D": "血红蛋白120~140g/L"}, "answer": "血红蛋白120~140g/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,38岁。发热伴腹胀、乏力1周。查体:T 39℃,P 84次/分,表情淡漠,胸部少许充血性皮疹,脾肋下可触及,质软。实验室检查:血WBC 3.6×109/L,N 0.59,杆状核粒细胞0.01,L 0.40。2.确诊最有价值的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "外斐试验", "B": "PPD试验", "C": "血培养", "D": "布氏杆菌凝集试验"}, "answer": "血培养", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "易导致主动脉瓣狭窄患者晕厥的情况为(  )。", "options": {"A": "静坐休息", "B": "剧烈运动", "C": "睡眠", "D": "窦性心律,心率70次/分"}, "answer": "剧烈运动", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "利尿剂作为治疗高血压病的药物,下列提法正确的有(  )。", "options": {"A": "伴发心力衰竭者可选用", "B": "主要适用于高血压病3级患者", "C": "不适用于老年患者", "D": "合并痛风的高血压患者首选"}, "answer": "伴发心力衰竭者可选用", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "出血性梗死常发生在(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾、肠", "B": "脾、肺", "C": "肺、肠", "D": "心、肠"}, "answer": "肺、肠", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "8个月女婴,频繁抽搐,高热4天。脑脊液检查:压力升高,外观微混,白细胞1200×109/L,中性粒细胞0.7,淋巴细胞0.3,糖2.2mmol/L,氯化物100mmol/L。该患儿诊断为脑膜炎,首选治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "两性霉素B", "B": "头孢曲松", "C": "异烟肼+链霉素", "D": "青霉素+氨苄西林"}, "answer": "头孢曲松", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列有关乳酸循环的描述不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可防止乳酸的体内堆积", "B": "最终从尿中排除", "C": "可防止酸中毒", "D": "使能源物质避免浪费"}, "answer": "最终从尿中排除", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.孕妇生殖道感染沙眼衣原体首选的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿奇霉素", "B": "青霉素", "C": "多西环素", "D": "氧氟沙星"}, "answer": "阿奇霉素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿11个月,生后反复患肺炎,2天前开始发热、咳嗽、气促、烦躁不安。查体:口唇发绀,呼吸48次/分,心率198次/分,心音低钝,胸骨左缘第3、4肋间可闻及3级收缩期杂音,双肺中、小水泡音,肝肋下3.0cm,双足背轻度水肿。本病例可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "室间隔缺损合并肺炎", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "室间隔缺损合并肺炎和心力衰竭", "D": "室间隔缺损合并亚急性细菌性心内膜炎"}, "answer": "室间隔缺损合并肺炎和心力衰竭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "干性支气管扩张是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "反复痰中带血,但痰极少,其发生部位引流不畅", "B": "反复咯血、无咳嗽、咳痰,其发生部位引流良好", "C": "反复咯血、无咳嗽、咳痰,其发生部位引流不畅", "D": "反复咳嗽、咳痰,其发生部位引流不畅"}, "answer": "反复咯血、无咳嗽、咳痰,其发生部位引流良好", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,18岁,大学一年级学生。近2个月来行为怪异:尽管家境富裕却经常捡吃垃圾,解释是要“励志”;上课时常突然旁若无人地发笑,有时举手提问一些与课堂内容无关的奇怪问题,如:“老师的孩子有4只眼睛吧?因为你和爱人各有2只眼睛”。几次从澡堂里赤身露体出来,解释是“要进行人体艺术展览”,有时半夜在操场大声唱歌。入院检查有片断的关系妄想和被害妄想,临床诊断为精神分裂症,分型最可能属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "偏执型", "B": "紧张型", "C": "青春型", "D": "未定型"}, "answer": "青春型", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下因素中,不会引起病理性颅内压增高的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑震荡", "B": "颅内肿瘤", "C": "颅内出血", "D": "狭颅症"}, "answer": "脑震荡", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于尖锐湿疣以下叙述不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是由人乳头瘤病毒感染引起的一种皮肤恶性赘生物", "B": "又称为生殖器疣、性病疣", "C": "主要通过性接触传染", "D": "其长期感染与女性宫颈癌的发生有关"}, "answer": "是由人乳头瘤病毒感染引起的一种皮肤恶性赘生物", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,62岁。腹部阵发性疼痛伴腹胀,停止排气排便2天。既往有类似发作,但较轻。查体:P 100次/分,BP 110/70mmHg,腹肌紧张,压痛明显,反跳痛阳性,移动性浊音阳性。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻痹性肠梗阻", "B": "绞窄性肠梗阻", "C": "完全性高位肠梗阻", "D": "单纯性机械性肠梗阻"}, "answer": "绞窄性肠梗阻", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,25岁,左膝外上方逐渐隆起包块伴酸痛半年,X线平片提示左股骨下端外侧有一病灶,边缘膨胀,中央有肥皂泡样改变,无明显的骨膜反应。1.其诊断考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓瘤", "B": "骨纤维异样增殖症", "C": "骨巨细胞瘤", "D": "骨囊肿"}, "answer": "骨巨细胞瘤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.最符合高分化鳞癌组织学特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "列兵样排列", "B": "形成乳头状结构", "C": "有角化珠", "D": "有假菊形团结构"}, "answer": "有角化珠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "诊断心力衰竭首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左心室造影", "B": "超声心动图", "C": "运动平板试验", "D": "PET"}, "answer": "超声心动图", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "手术病人从术前12小时禁食,4小时禁水是为了(  )。", "options": {"A": "减少术后感染", "B": "防止吻合口瘘", "C": "防止术后伤口裂开", "D": "防止麻醉或术中呕吐"}, "answer": "防止麻醉或术中呕吐", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于直肠内高位带蒂息肉,最合理的切除方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹腔镜直肠部分切除", "B": "剖腹行局部切除术", "C": "经肛门用血管钳钳夹切除", "D": "内镜下高频电切除"}, "answer": "内镜下高频电切除", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于蛋白尿下列哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "血管内溶血时可出现溢出性蛋白尿", "B": "肾小管性蛋白尿为小分子量蛋白尿", "C": "β2微球蛋白尿为微小病变型肾病的特征", "D": "大、中、小分子均有的蛋白尿,见于肾小球性蛋白尿"}, "answer": "β2微球蛋白尿为微小病变型肾病的特征", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "准备结婚的男女双方,经婚前医学检查,有哪种情形应当暂缓结婚(  )。", "options": {"A": "患某种乙类传染病", "B": "患指定传染病在传染期内", "C": "患严重遗传性疾病", "D": "患有神经性疾病"}, "answer": "患指定传染病在传染期内", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "进入疟区时,下列哪项作为病因性预防的常规用药?(  )", "options": {"A": "伯氨喹", "B": "乙胺嘧啶", "C": "磺胺多辛", "D": "奎宁"}, "answer": "乙胺嘧啶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一位74岁男性患者,近3天来夜间出现行为紊乱,说实际上没有任何动物的房间地板上有老鼠、有蛇,表情恐惧、紧张,言语令人费解,白天较安静、卧床,对夜间行为言语不能回忆,日常生活不能自理。头部CT提示,顶枕叶片状灶性坏死。该患者处于(  )。", "options": {"A": "痴呆状态", "B": "幻觉妄想状态", "C": "谵妄状态", "D": "抑郁状态"}, "answer": "谵妄状态", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.上述哪项多用于抑郁症的治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "酚噻嗪类药物", "B": "抑制5-HT再摄取的药物", "C": "锂盐", "D": "卡马西平"}, "answer": "抑制5-HT再摄取的药物", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.促进糖异生和糖原分解的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状旁腺激素", "B": "胰岛素", "C": "胰高血糖素", "D": "糖皮质激素"}, "answer": "胰高血糖素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,32岁。停经56天,行人工流产负压吸宫术时突然出现面色苍白,大汗淋漓,查体:BP 70/50mmHg,P 60次/分。1.最有可能的诊断是(\n)。", "options": {"A": "子宫穿孔", "B": "羊水栓塞", "C": "人工流产综合征", "D": "漏吸"}, "answer": "人工流产综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于恶露的特点,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "白色恶露含少量胎膜", "B": "浆液恶露持续3天", "C": "正常恶露持续4~6周", "D": "血性恶露持续7天"}, "answer": "正常恶露持续4~6周", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某患者跌倒,手掌撑地,肩外展外旋,出现肩痛,肿胀,活动受限。体检Dugas征阳性。该病人肩部的畸形是(  )。", "options": {"A": "方肩", "B": "肩过度后伸屈曲", "C": "肩过度膨隆", "D": "屈曲外展,外旋"}, "answer": "方肩", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "大量结核杆菌进入胸导管后易发生何种病变?(  )", "options": {"A": "结核性胸膜炎", "B": "粟粒性肺结核", "C": "全身粟粒性结核", "D": "肾结核"}, "answer": "粟粒性肺结核", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.肠扭转引起的坏死(  )。", "options": {"A": "干性坏疽", "B": "湿性坏疽", "C": "凝固性坏死", "D": "干酪样坏死"}, "answer": "湿性坏疽", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "颅底骨折合并脑脊液漏时,下列哪项处理是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "应用抗生素", "B": "腰穿放脑脊液减压", "C": "保持口鼻腔清洁", "D": "避免用力咳嗽"}, "answer": "腰穿放脑脊液减压", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "地方性斑疹伤寒的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤寒杆菌", "B": "恙虫病立克次体", "C": "莫氏立克次体", "D": "副伤寒杆菌"}, "answer": "莫氏立克次体", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "与系统性红斑狼疮发病有关的机制中,下列哪项正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "Ts功能减低", "B": "Th功能减低", "C": "单核细胞功能减低", "D": "Ts功能增强"}, "answer": "Ts功能减低", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,40岁。因腹胀、乏力、纳差3天来诊。10年前体检发现HBsAg阳性,HBeAg阳性,ALT正常,口服中药断续治疗,有长期大量饮酒史。家中母亲及2个兄弟均为乙肝患者。查体:神志清楚,面色晦暗.无明显黄染,肝肋下未触及,脾肋下3cm。腹水征(+)。实验室检查:ALT 50U/L,HBV-DNA 2×105拷贝/ml。1.该患者最重要的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对症治疗", "B": "保肝治疗", "C": "抗纤维化治疗", "D": "抗病毒治疗"}, "answer": "抗病毒治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "治疗支原体肺炎宜选(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯霉素", "B": "青霉素", "C": "四环素", "D": "万古霉素"}, "answer": "四环素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于我国孕产妇管理的说法,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "出院时保健手册应交给产妇", "B": "确保婴儿安全的基础上保证孕妇安全", "C": "产后3个月结束系统管理", "D": "城市开展三级分工,农村开展二级分工"}, "answer": "出院时保健手册应交给产妇", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,52岁,突发胸痛6小时,胸痛为持续性,呈刀割痛,向背部和腹部放射,既往有高血压病史20年,查体:左上肢血压170/100mmHg,右上肢血压100/60mmHg,双肺呼吸音清晰,心脏听诊A2大于P2,心电图正常。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不稳定型心绞痛", "B": "急性心肌梗死", "C": "主动脉夹层", "D": "气胸"}, "answer": "主动脉夹层", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "股疝最常用的手术方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Halsted法", "B": "Bassini法", "C": "Shouldice法", "D": "McVay法"}, "answer": "McVay法", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,28岁,血压升高、反复水肿4年,近年齿龈出血,夜尿增多,口渴气促,血红蛋白60 g/L,昨起排稀水及柏油便,逐渐昏迷,半年前患急性肝炎,已愈,为尽快确诊,下述哪项为首选检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "肝功能", "B": "骨髓穿刺涂片", "C": "血尿素氮", "D": "血肌酐测定"}, "answer": "血肌酐测定", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性肾小球肾炎在病程早期突然发生惊厥,应首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "高热惊厥", "B": "低钙惊厥", "C": "低血糖", "D": "高血压脑病"}, "answer": "高血压脑病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,72岁。10年前因急性心肌梗死住院。5年前出现活动后气短,夜间憋醒,近1年双下肢水肿,少尿。查体:BP 140/90mmHg,颈静脉怒张,双下肺可闻及细湿啰音,心界向两侧扩大,心率110次/分,肝肋下3cm,质中,压痛(+),双下肢水肿。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右心衰竭", "B": "全心衰竭", "C": "心功能Ⅲ级(NYHA分级)", "D": "心功能Ⅲ级(Killip分级)"}, "answer": "全心衰竭", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.消化性溃疡患者初次根治幽门螺杆菌.可选(  )。", "options": {"A": "奥美拉唑+铋剂+阿莫西林", "B": "奥美拉唑+阿莫西林+克拉霉素", "C": "奥美拉畦+铋剂+四环素+甲硝唑", "D": "硫糖铝"}, "answer": "奥美拉唑+阿莫西林+克拉霉素", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在梗阻性黄疸中,鉴别胆总管结石和胰头癌的主要依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血、尿淀粉酶变化时间和幅度", "B": "黄疸进行性加重", "C": "皮肤瘙痒", "D": "胆囊肿大"}, "answer": "黄疸进行性加重", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "动作电位到达突触前膜引起递质释放与下列哪种离子的跨膜移动有关?(  )", "options": {"A": "Ca2+内流", "B": "Na+外流", "C": "Ca2+外流", "D": "K+外流"}, "answer": "Ca2+内流", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "马斯洛认为需要的最高层次为(  )。", "options": {"A": "归属与爱", "B": "自我实现", "C": "安全", "D": "生理"}, "answer": "自我实现", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "协调医务人员之间关系的首要思想基础和道德要求是(  )。", "options": {"A": "彼此信任,相互协作", "B": "维护健康,救治生命", "C": "彼此独立,相互支持", "D": "彼此平等,相互尊重"}, "answer": "彼此信任,相互协作", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.具有典型细胞核和完善细胞器的微生物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "真菌", "B": "衣原体", "C": "支原体", "D": "病毒"}, "answer": "真菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,25岁,烦渴多尿2年,不规律用胰岛素治疗,纳差、呕吐2天。体检:T 36.1℃。呼吸深大有异味。血糖17.1mmol/L,尿糖(++++),酮体(++)。最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肠炎+代谢性酸中毒", "B": "急性肠炎+代谢性碱中毒", "C": "乳酸酸中毒", "D": "糖尿病酮症酸中毒"}, "answer": "糖尿病酮症酸中毒", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医患关系中的“患”是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人亲属", "B": "做体检的健康人", "C": "到医院进行咨询的人", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肾综合征出血热少尿期治疗原则哪项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "促进利尿", "B": "高蛋白饮食", "C": "导泻和放血", "D": "透析"}, "answer": "高蛋白饮食", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.出生以后惟一的造血器官是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓造血", "B": "髓外造血", "C": "肝脾造血", "D": "胸腺造血"}, "answer": "骨髓造血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "生物体调节基因表达最根本的目的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维持生长", "B": "维持分裂", "C": "维持分化", "D": "适应环境"}, "answer": "适应环境", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "刚出生的新生儿,尚未哺乳,无黄疸,血象白细胞20×109/L,中性粒细胞0.65,淋巴细胞0.35,最大可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫内感染", "B": "正常现象", "C": "新生儿败血症", "D": "先天性白血病"}, "answer": "正常现象", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于经济因素对健康的影响,不正确的说法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "经济因素对健康的影响是多方面的", "B": "单纯注重经济增长将危害人类的健康", "C": "人群收入的绝对水平决定着经济对健康的影响程度", "D": "经济的发展应与社会发展及促进人类健康水平同步"}, "answer": "人群收入的绝对水平决定着经济对健康的影响程度", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,42岁。近1个月来大便次数增多,有肛门坠胀感及里急后重,大便变细,常有黏液血便,经抗生素治疗症状可缓解,但不久又复发,且呈进行性加重。2.若经病理检查证实为直肠腺癌,肿瘤下缘距肛门约12cm,肿块直径约4cm。最佳手术方式应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙状结肠造口术", "B": "Hartmann手术", "C": "Dixon手术", "D": "移植手术"}, "answer": "Dixon手术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "接种卡介苗所使用的菌苗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不灭毒活的牛型结核杆菌", "B": "减毒的活的牛型结核杆菌", "C": "灭毒的鸟型结核杆菌", "D": "灭毒的鼠型结核菌"}, "answer": "减毒的活的牛型结核杆菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "28岁女性,跳舞时突感剧烈头痛、呕吐,脑膜刺激征阳性,无肢瘫。应首先做何种辅助检查来确定诊断?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑电图", "B": "脑动脉造影", "C": "腰穿", "D": "头颅CT"}, "answer": "腰穿", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "病原体进入人体后是否引起疾病,主要决定于(  )。", "options": {"A": "病原体的毒力", "B": "病原体的数量", "C": "病原体的致病能力和机体的免疫功能", "D": "机体的抵抗能力"}, "answer": "病原体的致病能力和机体的免疫功能", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "脑疝最有效易行的处理原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "快速静脉输注脱水剂", "B": "腰椎穿刺大量引流脑脊液", "C": "急性控制性过度换气", "D": "将病员置于高压氧舱内"}, "answer": "快速静脉输注脱水剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女孩,1.5岁,由于皮肤脓胞疹破溃感染后出现咳嗽,弛张热4天,喘息l日。查体:精神状态极差,呼吸快,右上肺闻及细啰音。右肺叩诊浊音。血常规:白细胞28×109/L,中性粒细胞占0.88。胸片检查:多发性脓肿。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "支原体肺炎合并胸腔积液", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎合并脓气胸", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎合并脓胸", "D": "合胞病毒肺炎合并脓胸"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎合并脓胸", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2岁女孩,生后面貌特殊,眼距宽,鼻梁平,舌厚肥大;现眼睑浮肿,皮肤粗糙苍黄,智力低下,身高70cm,腕部X线片可见一个骨化中心。2.确诊的实验室检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "染色体检查", "B": "血清T3、T4、TSH检查", "C": "尿粘多糖检查", "D": "脑电图检查"}, "answer": "血清T3、T4、TSH检查", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,45岁。大学教授。因车祸导致颅脑损伤,智力测验显示其智商为85分。同时有一位从未接受过正规教育的老人测得智商也是85分。心理治疗师认为前者的智力出现了问题,而后者正常。这一判断所遵循的原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "客观性原则", "B": "中立性原则", "C": "保密性原则", "D": "标准化原则"}, "answer": "客观性原则", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.与细菌抵抗吞噬有关的结构是(  )。", "options": {"A": "荚膜", "B": "鞭毛", "C": "普通菌毛", "D": "芽孢"}, "answer": "荚膜", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.甲状旁腺功能减退所致精神障碍,可引起的症状为(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑郁", "B": "焦虑", "C": "精神运动性兴奋", "D": "谵妄"}, "answer": "谵妄", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "丙酮酸脱氢酶复合体组成中,辅酶不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "TPP", "B": "NAD", "C": "HSCoA", "D": "NADP"}, "answer": "NADP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于精神分裂症的概述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一组病因未明的精神疾病", "B": "缓慢起病,病程迁延", "C": "有思维、情感、行为方面的障碍", "D": "通常有意识障碍及智能减退"}, "answer": "通常有意识障碍及智能减退", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,45岁。发热3天,少尿1天,于12月15日入院。查体:BP 60/30mmHg,神志清,球结膜充血、水肿,双下肢有出血点。实验室检查:血WBC 25×109/L。PLT 50×109/L,尿蛋白(+++)。4.不必要的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "快速补充血容量", "B": "纠正酸中毒", "C": "应用抗病毒药", "D": "静脉滴注青霉素"}, "answer": "静脉滴注青霉素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.镇静药物中毒的洗胃液是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1:5000高锰酸钾", "B": "2%碳酸氢钠", "C": "0.3%H2O2", "D": "0.3%氧化镁"}, "answer": "1:5000高锰酸钾", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不孕患者,检测排卵功能,对诊断关系不大的辅助检查方法为(  )。", "options": {"A": "B超检测卵巢排卵", "B": "肾上腺功能检测", "C": "基础体温测定", "D": "月经周期前半期子宫内膜活检"}, "answer": "肾上腺功能检测", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,42岁。呕吐、腹泻两天,意识模糊、烦躁不安半天急诊入院。查体:血压110/70mmHg,神志恍惚,巩膜中度黄染,颈部可见数枚蜘蛛痣,心肺未见异常,腹软,肝肋下未触及,脾肋下3cm,双上肢散在出血点,Hb 90g/L,WBC 3.2×109/L,血糖7.0mmol/L,尿糖(+),尿酮(-),尿镜检(-)。3.如果患者躁动不安,不宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "东莨菪碱", "B": "地西泮", "C": "水合氯醛", "D": "扑尔敏"}, "answer": "地西泮", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.慢性粒细胞白血病(  )。", "options": {"A": "NAP强阳性", "B": "t(9:22)(q34:q11)", "C": "PAS阳性", "D": "过氧化物酶阳性"}, "answer": "t(9:22)(q34:q11)", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "26岁初孕妇,孕38周,头痛、头晕、视物不清1天。查体:血压180/100mmHg,尿蛋白(++),水肿(+),胎心136次/分。肛诊子宫颈管未消失,NST为无反应型。最恰当的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "降压利尿", "B": "促宫颈成熟", "C": "治疗3天无好转行剖宫产术", "D": "治疗同时立即剖宫产"}, "answer": "治疗同时立即剖宫产", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.脾梗死(  )。", "options": {"A": "梗死灶地图形", "B": "梗死灶锥体形", "C": "梗死灶发生液化", "D": "梗死灶发生出血"}, "answer": "梗死灶锥体形", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.红细胞的内环境是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞内液", "B": "细胞外液和细胞内液", "C": "组织液", "D": "血浆"}, "answer": "血浆", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于上皮肿瘤的描述哪项错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "外耳、阴茎处乳头状瘤不易发生恶变", "B": "乳腺腺上皮增生,形成纤维腺瘤,是良性肿瘤", "C": "结肠多发性腺瘤,表面呈乳头状、绒毛状者恶变率高", "D": "乳头状瘤,表面呈外生性生长,形成乳头状、菜花状"}, "answer": "外耳、阴茎处乳头状瘤不易发生恶变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某病早期治疗效果好,若漏诊后加重,对此病的诊断试验应特别注重(  )。", "options": {"A": "提高阴性预测值", "B": "降低假阳性率", "C": "提高特异度", "D": "提高灵敏度"}, "answer": "提高灵敏度", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪一项不符合震颤麻痹的症状?(  )", "options": {"A": "面具脸", "B": "搓药丸样动作", "C": "小写症", "D": "动作时震颤加剧"}, "answer": "动作时震颤加剧", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.衣原体的原体(  )。", "options": {"A": "有细胞壁,且含肽聚糖", "B": "有细胞壁,不含肽聚糖、糖苷类和几丁质微原纤维", "C": "无细胞壁,细胞膜内含有胆固醇", "D": "原有细胞壁,现在失去细胞壁"}, "answer": "有细胞壁,不含肽聚糖、糖苷类和几丁质微原纤维", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于普萘洛尔抗心绞痛方面,哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "对变异性心绞痛效果好", "B": "久用后不宜突然停药", "C": "对兼有高血压的效果好", "D": "对稳定型和不稳定型心绞痛都有效"}, "answer": "对变异性心绞痛效果好", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "糖皮质激素诱发和加重感染的主要原因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "激素用量不足", "B": "激素能促使病原微生物生长繁殖", "C": "激素降低了机体对病原微生物的抵抗力", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "激素降低了机体对病原微生物的抵抗力", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.近端裂伤可缝合,远端严重裂伤可切除(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝破裂", "B": "脾破裂", "C": "胰腺挫裂伤", "D": "广泛结肠破裂"}, "answer": "胰腺挫裂伤", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.高位单纯性肛瘘的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "瘘管切开", "B": "挂线疗法", "C": "肛瘘切除", "D": "保守治疗"}, "answer": "挂线疗法", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者沈某患肠癌,对其进行手术治疗,手术中因医生误伤其动脉,患者需要输血,此时错误的说法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使用医院储备血液,如无储备则需从血站取血", "B": "因情况紧急,医院也可临时采血,但要符合相关规定和要求", "C": "使用血站提供的无偿献血血液,患者无需缴纳任何费用", "D": "从血站取来的无偿献血血液,手术使用剩余部分医院不得出售给血液制品生产单位"}, "answer": "使用血站提供的无偿献血血液,患者无需缴纳任何费用", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列不属于维系蛋白质三级结构的化学键是(  )。", "options": {"A": "盐键", "B": "氢键", "C": "范德华力", "D": "肽键"}, "answer": "肽键", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,4岁。因反复低热、咳嗽和盗汗15天就诊。查体:T 37.5℃,右眼球结膜充血,内眦部有一疱疹,咽部充血,右颈部可触及黄豆大小淋巴结,无明显压痛,心、肺无异常,肝肋下1.5cm,血WBC 5.6×109/L,L 0.70。3.宜采取的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用大环内酯类抗生素", "B": "糖皮质激素治疗", "C": "抗结核治疗", "D": "抗病毒治疗"}, "answer": "抗结核治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,28岁。在气温34℃时,负重跑步5公里后突发意识不清伴痉挛、抽搐2小时。查体:T 41.5℃,P 166次/分,R 28次/分,BP 100/42mmHg。瞳孔等大等圆,心尖部第一心音低钝。四肢肌张力高。最关键的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用抗癫痫药物", "B": "应用镇静药", "C": "降温治疗", "D": "应用甘露醇"}, "answer": "降温治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "类白血病反应的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓中幼稚粒细胞增高", "B": "外周血出现幼稚细胞,NAP活性增高", "C": "脾脏显著肿大", "D": "外周血嗜碱性嗜酸粒细胞增高"}, "answer": "外周血出现幼稚细胞,NAP活性增高", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于外科感染,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大部分是由几种细菌引起的", "B": "一种细菌可以引起几种不同的感染", "C": "多数局部症状明显", "D": "以上都正确"}, "answer": "以上都正确", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,21岁。1小时前被人发现昏迷,身边有空瓶,瓶内有刺激性气味。查体:P 60次/分,全身大汗,呼吸有蒜臭味,瞳孔针尖大小,两肺满布湿性啰音。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖尿病酮症酸中毒", "B": "镇静剂催眠药中毒", "C": "一氧化碳中毒", "D": "有机磷杀虫药中毒"}, "answer": "有机磷杀虫药中毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于蛋白质腐败作用的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主要在大肠进行", "B": "主要是氨基酸脱羧基、脱氨基的分解作用", "C": "腐败作用产生的多是有害物质", "D": "腐败作用产生的多是无害物质"}, "answer": "腐败作用产生的多是无害物质", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,55岁。进行性消瘦,贫血、乏力、右下腹扪及包块,大便隐血试验阳性。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结肠息肉", "B": "溃疡性结肠炎", "C": "升结肠癌", "D": "慢性细菌性痢疾"}, "answer": "升结肠癌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医学伦理学的研究对象是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医学道德难题", "B": "医学道德关系", "C": "医德基本实践", "D": "医德基本规范"}, "answer": "医学道德关系", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.输尿管结石4mm,结石远端无梗阻,首选治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "经皮肾碎石", "B": "经输尿管碎石", "C": "腹腔镜下取石或开放性手术取石", "D": "药物治疗及大量饮水"}, "answer": "药物治疗及大量饮水", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,66岁。充血性心力衰竭,心房颤动,心率长期在100~120次/分,口服地高辛0.25mg/天.两周后心率无明显下降,为进一步控制心率,应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "β受体阻断药", "B": "螺内酯", "C": "硝普钠", "D": "硝酸甘油"}, "answer": "β受体阻断药", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "早产儿比同龄足月儿更易发生缺铁性贫血的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生理性溶血释放铁较少", "B": "生长发育快及先天储铁少", "C": "红细胞寿命短", "D": "铁排泄量多"}, "answer": "生长发育快及先天储铁少", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "补体参与的反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溶菌反应", "B": "中和反应", "C": "凝集反应", "D": "传染性变态反应"}, "answer": "溶菌反应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对G蛋白的特点描述不当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "α亚基具有GTP酶活性", "B": "又称鸟苷三磷酸结合蛋白", "C": "由α、β、γ三种亚基组成", "D": "β、γ结合松弛"}, "answer": "β、γ结合松弛", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,30岁,上腹被汽车撞伤3小时。查体:P 130次/min,BP 85/55mmHg,面色苍白,四肢厥冷,腹肌紧张。压痛及反跳痛阳性,肠鸣音减弱。实验室检查:Hb 85g/L,RBC 3.8×1012/L。最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃破裂", "B": "结肠损伤", "C": "肝破裂", "D": "十二指肠和胰损伤"}, "answer": "肝破裂", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "严重创伤急救中的ABC是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "保持呼吸道通畅,呼吸和循环系统的支持", "B": "呼吸和循环系统支持,固定骨折肢体,搬动轻柔", "C": "送医院急诊,轻柔搬动,立即止血", "D": "保持呼吸道通畅,必要时作人工呼吸,上止血带"}, "answer": "保持呼吸道通畅,呼吸和循环系统的支持", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,54岁,有甲亢的病史,近日因过劳和精神受刺激而出现失眠、心慌、胸闷。体检时心率160次/分,心电有明显的心肌缺血改变、窦性心律不齐。此时最好选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "奎尼丁", "B": "胺碘酮", "C": "普萘洛尔", "D": "利多卡因"}, "answer": "普萘洛尔", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某医院急诊医生接诊了一位遭遇车祸后昏迷的患者,立即给予了心肺复苏、气管插管等抢救措施。此时的医患关系所属的类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "共同参与型", "B": "主动被动型", "C": "指导-合作型", "D": "主动权威型"}, "answer": "主动被动型", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,35岁。停经4个月,腹痛1天。有子宫肌瘤病史。妇科检查:子宫左侧壁可触及结节状突起,压痛明显。血WBC 12.3×109/L。B超提示:中期妊娠,子宫肌瘤。该患者肌瘤变性最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "玻璃样变", "B": "红色样变", "C": "囊性变", "D": "肉瘤样变"}, "answer": "红色样变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性酒中毒不包括下列哪一种类型?(  )", "options": {"A": "酒中毒性幻觉症", "B": "病理性醉酒", "C": "依赖综合征", "D": "酒中毒性妄想症"}, "answer": "病理性醉酒", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "9岁男孩,眼睑浮肿4天,伴头痛,眼花,尿呈深茶色2天入院。2周前曾患扁桃体炎,经用青霉素治愈。6.如果此患儿蛋白尿明显,血清补体持续降低超过8周,则考虑诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgA肾病", "B": "膜增生性肾小球肾炎", "C": "急进性肾小球肾炎", "D": "慢性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "膜增生性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列丹毒的临床表现,最有诊断意义的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头前、畏寒、高热", "B": "色鲜红界限清楚", "C": "局部发生水泡", "D": "所属淋巴结肿大"}, "answer": "色鲜红界限清楚", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "自然界游离核苷酸中磷酸常与戊糖(核糖或脱氧核糖)的哪个碳原子形成酯键?(  )", "options": {"A": "C-2'", "B": "C-1'", "C": "C-4'", "D": "C-5'"}, "answer": "C-5'", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪种病毒与鼻咽癌关系密切?(  )", "options": {"A": "乙型肝炎病毒", "B": "单纯疱疹病毒", "C": "EB病毒", "D": "人类乳头状瘤病毒"}, "answer": "EB病毒", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列提示糖尿病微血管病变的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "眼底出血", "B": "脑卒中", "C": "高血压", "D": "心肌梗死"}, "answer": "眼底出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,45岁。右面部疖肿10天,多次挤压排脓。今突发寒战高热伴头晕,无抽搐。查体:T 40℃,R 26次/分,BP 100/70mmHg。右面部肿,口唇无偏斜,胸壁及肢体皮下可见出血斑,血WBC 20×109/L,核左移。该患者目前的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "菌血症", "B": "感染性休克", "C": "颅内感染", "D": "脓毒症"}, "answer": "脓毒症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,23岁。高处坠落,肛门部刺伤1小时。血液自肛门排出。直肠指诊发现直肠前壁长约2cm纵形裂口。能保证直肠伤口愈合的关键措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "经肛门伤口清创缝合", "B": "损伤肠段切除一期吻合", "C": "乙状结肠造瘘", "D": "留置肛管"}, "answer": "乙状结肠造瘘", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "28岁初产妇,孕38周,9小时前突然出现阴道流液,如小便样,5小时前开始出规律宫缩,因胎手脱出于阴道口1小时就诊。查体:产妇烦躁不安,腹痛拒按,脉搏110次/分,呼吸28次/分,胎心160次/分,导尿时见血尿。1.本病例首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫破裂", "B": "胎盘早剥", "C": "先兆子宫破裂", "D": "前置胎盘"}, "answer": "先兆子宫破裂", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心指数是指在空腹,安静条件下的(  )。", "options": {"A": "心输出量/体表面积", "B": "心输出量/体重", "C": "每搏输出量/心输出量", "D": "心输出量/心室充盈血量"}, "answer": "心输出量/体表面积", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.肺泡内的纤维素渗出性炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "大叶性肺炎", "B": "慢性支气管炎", "C": "小叶性肺炎", "D": "肺气肿"}, "answer": "大叶性肺炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有关酶Km值的叙述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Km是酶一底物复合物的解离常数", "B": "Km与酶的结构无关", "C": "Km与底物的性质无关", "D": "Km等于最大反应速度一半时的底物浓度"}, "answer": "Km等于最大反应速度一半时的底物浓度", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "针对焦虑症下述哪种叙述是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "焦虑症患者运动后血中乳酸较对照组高", "B": "焦虑症的发作者有遗传基础", "C": "焦虑症的发生可能与5-羟色胺功能增高有关", "D": "焦虑症患者的发病与脑内病毒感染有关"}, "answer": "焦虑症患者的发病与脑内病毒感染有关", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "正常儿,身高90cm、体重14kg,乳牙20个,腕骨骨化中心4个,能说短歌谣,不会穿鞋,其最可能年龄为(  )。", "options": {"A": "18个月", "B": "2岁", "C": "3岁", "D": "4岁"}, "answer": "3岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "Dugas征表现阳性的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肩关节脱位", "B": "肱骨外科颈骨折", "C": "肘关节脱位", "D": "锁骨骨折"}, "answer": "肩关节脱位", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.青霉素30万U/(kg·d)(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎链球菌脑膜炎", "B": "双球菌脑膜炎", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌脑膜炎", "D": "流感嗜血杆菌性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "双球菌脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "脑出血与蛛网膜下腔出血之鉴别下列哪点最重要?(  )", "options": {"A": "活动中发病", "B": "脑脊液含血量多少", "C": "CT见脑突质内高密度灶", "D": "脑膜刺激征"}, "answer": "CT见脑突质内高密度灶", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对鉴别原发性血小板增多症与慢粒白血病慢性期有特异性的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血常规", "B": "血小板功能", "C": "染色体", "D": "免疫分型"}, "answer": "染色体", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.慢性感染性贫血(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清铁增高,总铁结合力正常,血清铁蛋白正常或增高", "B": "血清铁降低,总铁结合力降低,血清铁蛋白正常或增高", "C": "血清铁降低,总铁结合力降低,血清铁蛋白降低", "D": "血清铁增高,总铁结合力降低,血清铁蛋白降低"}, "answer": "血清铁降低,总铁结合力降低,血清铁蛋白正常或增高", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.小叶性肺炎是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤维素性炎", "B": "化脓性炎", "C": "肉芽肿性炎", "D": "浆液性炎"}, "answer": "化脓性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项。为原发性高血压病病人肾脏的病理变化?(  )", "options": {"A": "颗粒性固缩肾", "B": "肾动脉动脉瘤形成", "C": "肾的多发性大瘢痕凹陷", "D": "肾脏淤血"}, "answer": "颗粒性固缩肾", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "脑出血引起肾衰竭的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾后性肾衰竭", "B": "急性肾小管坏死", "C": "肾性肾衰竭", "D": "肾中毒"}, "answer": "急性肾小管坏死", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "葡萄胎处理,下列哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "一经确诊,应尽快清宫", "B": "必要时第二次刮宫", "C": "宫腔内刮出物病理检查", "D": "术后严密随访至妊娠试验(-)为止"}, "answer": "术后严密随访至妊娠试验(-)为止", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "使胃蛋白酶原转变成胃蛋白酶的激活物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Cl-", "B": "Na+", "C": "K+", "D": "HCl"}, "answer": "HCl", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对病人自主与医生做主之间的关系的理解正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人自主与医生做主是对立的", "B": "强调病人自主,也充分看到医生做主的存在价值", "C": "强调医生决定,兼顾病人自主", "D": "强调病人自主,目的在于减轻医生的责任"}, "answer": "强调病人自主,也充分看到医生做主的存在价值", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "变性蛋白质的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "粘度下降", "B": "颜色反应减弱", "C": "丧失原有的生物学活性", "D": "不易被胃蛋白酶水解"}, "answer": "丧失原有的生物学活性", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "新生儿溶血病发生胆红素脑病(核黄疸)一般在生后(  )。", "options": {"A": "1~2天", "B": "2~4天", "C": "2~5天", "D": "2~7天"}, "answer": "2~7天", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,男,8岁。水肿5天,血尿、少尿3天入院,查体,P 110次/分,R 32次/分,BP 140/90mmHg,烦躁,颜面、双下肢明显水肿,双肺底可闻及少量湿啰音,肝肋下2cm,尿常规:蛋白(++),RBC 70~80/HP,WBC 40~50/HP。首选的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呋塞米", "B": "毛花苷C", "C": "硝酸钠", "D": "低分子右旋糖酐"}, "answer": "呋塞米", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "淤血不会导致(  )。", "options": {"A": "血栓形成", "B": "变性、坏死", "C": "纤维组织增生", "D": "实质细胞增生"}, "answer": "实质细胞增生", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "椎基底动脉系统短暂脑缺血发作,不出现的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "失写", "B": "复视", "C": "构音障碍", "D": "交叉瘫"}, "answer": "失写", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "中年男性,近年来与妻子关系紧张,常失眠,夜间盘问妻子一天的行踪,并搜索包内物品,白日跟踪妻子,认为妻子与单位的男同事有不正当关系,曾写信到单位“检举揭发”,打匿名电话警告妻子单位的男同事。吃饭时认为菜里有洗衣粉的味道,怀疑是妻子与别人联合起来对付他。1.病人是否存在妄想?若有,属于哪一种?(  )", "options": {"A": "嫉妒,被害妄想", "B": "嫉妒,关系妄想", "C": "罪恶,钟情妄想", "D": "无妄想状态"}, "answer": "嫉妒,被害妄想", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,34岁。近1个月来多次因阵发性恐惧、胸闷、濒死感在医院急诊科就诊,症状持续约半小时后消失。多次查血常规心电图及头颅CT等未见明显异常。患者为此担心苦恼,但仍能坚持工作。3.长期治疗最适当的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "地西泮", "B": "硝酸甘油", "C": "帕罗西汀", "D": "普萘洛尔"}, "answer": "帕罗西汀", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "疟疾典型临床发作的机制是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "疟原虫在肝细胞内增殖", "B": "疟原虫在红细胞内增殖", "C": "裂殖子及其代谢产物释放入血", "D": "大量配子体入血"}, "answer": "裂殖子及其代谢产物释放入血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,25岁。3个月来乏力伴四肢关节痛、脱发。化验:Hb 70g/L,N 0.72,L 0.25,M 0.03,PLT 135×109/L,网织红细胞0.10,尿蛋白(++),血肌酐936 μmol/L,酸溶血试验阴性,骨髓检查显示增生明显活跃,粒红比例倒置。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血", "B": "骨髓增生异常综合征", "C": "脾功能亢进", "D": "阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿"}, "answer": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.乳腺癌(  )。", "options": {"A": "雌激素增高", "B": "遗传因素", "C": "A+C", "D": "C+B"}, "answer": "C+B", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于苯丙胺类药物药理作用叙述不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中等剂量可致舒适感或情感抑郁", "B": "具正性和负性体验", "C": "不易产生躯体依赖", "D": "不易产生精神依赖"}, "answer": "不易产生精神依赖", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "双胍类降糖药最常见的副作用为(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳酸性酸中毒", "B": "胃肠道反应", "C": "过敏性皮疹", "D": "肝功能异常"}, "answer": "胃肠道反应", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "枕骨大孔疝疝内容物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "海马钩", "B": "扣带回", "C": "小脑扁桃体", "D": "舌下神经"}, "answer": "小脑扁桃体", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "应及时行患侧叶甲状腺大部切除术的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高功能甲状腺肿瘤", "B": "甲状腺乳头状瘤", "C": "单纯性弥漫性甲状腺肿", "D": "青少年原发性甲亢"}, "answer": "高功能甲状腺肿瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.早产儿的呼吸特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤发亮,水肿毳毛多", "B": "皮肤色红润,皮下脂肪丰满,毳毛少", "C": "呼吸常不规则,甚至呼吸暂停", "D": "足月新生儿生后3~5天出现乳腺肿大"}, "answer": "呼吸常不规则,甚至呼吸暂停", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,53岁。上腹痛32小时,伴恶心、呕吐胃内容物3次。在下列疾病诊断中,可能性最小的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心肌梗死", "B": "急性胰腺炎", "C": "梅尼埃综合征", "D": "急性胃炎"}, "answer": "梅尼埃综合征", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,男,8岁。剧烈运动后胸闷,气短1个月。查体:心前区未触及震颤,胸骨左缘2~3肋间闻及3/6级收缩期喷射性杂音,P2增强、固定分裂。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉导管未闭", "B": "单纯肺动脉瓣狭窄", "C": "房间隔缺损", "D": "小型室间隔缺损"}, "answer": "房间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列疾病治疗后最易继发肛瘘的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肛周脓肿", "B": "外痔", "C": "混合痔", "D": "内痔"}, "answer": "肛周脓肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "参与生物转化的有关氧化酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "加单氧酶系、胺氧化酶", "B": "细胞色素b", "C": "细胞色素", "D": "转氨酶"}, "answer": "加单氧酶系、胺氧化酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "与乳腺癌发病无关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "月经初潮年龄早", "B": "绝经年龄晚", "C": "一级亲属中有乳腺癌病史者", "D": "吸烟"}, "answer": "吸烟", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,60岁。胸闷、气促2周。查体:吸气时BP 85/60mmHg,呼气时BP 100/75mmHg,心尖搏动减弱,心界向两侧扩大,心率125次/分,律齐。心音低钝、遥远,心脏各瓣膜区来闻及杂音。1.与上述临床表现相符合的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ewart征", "B": "Corrigan征", "C": "Quincke征", "D": "Traube征"}, "answer": "Ewart征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,女,6个月。腹泻4天,每日10余次,稀水样,少许黏液,尿少,精神萎靡。查体:呼吸深长,皮肤花纹,弹性差,前囟、眼窝明显凹陷,肢冷。脉弱,心率160次/分,口唇樱桃红色。其可能诊断为婴儿腹泻病合并(  )。", "options": {"A": "重度脱水+酸中毒", "B": "中度脱水+酸中毒+心力衰竭", "C": "轻度脱水+低钾血症", "D": "中度脱水+低钾血症"}, "answer": "重度脱水+酸中毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "弥漫性毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎增生的细胞主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内皮细胞和系膜细胞", "B": "系膜细胞", "C": "壁层上皮细胞", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "内皮细胞和系膜细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列可以进行人工流产吸宫术的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "妊娠14周", "B": "急性生殖道炎症", "C": "手术当天体温两次超过37.5℃", "D": "妊娠剧吐"}, "answer": "妊娠剧吐", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下引流物的处理正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "引流物外露部分可不加固定", "B": "橡皮条引流一般术后3~5天拔除", "C": "胆管和T形引流管在术后3周拔除", "D": "胃肠减压管一般在肛门排气后拔除"}, "answer": "胃肠减压管一般在肛门排气后拔除", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.药物治疗对医生的道德要求是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全神贯注", "B": "精确操作", "C": "合理配伍", "D": "争分夺秒"}, "answer": "合理配伍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "侧支性抑制的形成是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "兴奋性递质破坏过多", "B": "抑制性中间神经元兴奋", "C": "兴奋性中间神经元兴奋", "D": "去极化抑制"}, "answer": "抑制性中间神经元兴奋", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "用氯丙咪嗪治疗强迫症时,下列描述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一般治疗时间不宜长于6个月", "B": "效果与SSRI类抗抑郁药类似,但其副作用较少", "C": "一定要从小剂量开始", "D": "对难治性强迫症。合并卡马西平或丙戊酸钠有好的治疗效果"}, "answer": "一定要从小剂量开始", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性白血病患者,出现头痛,呕吐,颈强直,脑脊液压力增高,蛋白增多,糖减少,细胞大多为白血病细胞。鞘内注射首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "环磷酰胺", "B": "三尖杉酯碱", "C": "长春新碱", "D": "甲氨蝶呤"}, "answer": "甲氨蝶呤", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项不是细胞因子的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "由分化的内分泌腺所分泌", "B": "是一种信息物质", "C": "主要以旁分泌和自分泌方式发挥作用", "D": "其化学本质是蛋白质或多肽"}, "answer": "由分化的内分泌腺所分泌", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,26岁,平素月经规则,停经48天,阴道少量流血5天,偶有腹痛。妇科检查:宫颈软,宫体稍大且软,附件无异常。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "先兆流产", "B": "异位妊娠破裂", "C": "子宫内膜炎", "D": "功能失调性子宫出血"}, "answer": "先兆流产", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "血栓闭塞性脉管炎早期的主要临床症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤温度升高", "B": "间歇性跛行", "C": "足背动脉搏动消失", "D": "皮肤坏死"}, "answer": "间歇性跛行", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "更符合异位激素条件的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "由膀胱壁问神经节嗜铬细胞瘤分泌的儿茶酚胺", "B": "由心房细胞分泌的利钠多肽", "C": "由小细胞未分化肺癌分泌的抗利尿激素", "D": "由胰岛D细胞分泌的生长抑素"}, "answer": "由小细胞未分化肺癌分泌的抗利尿激素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,重体力劳动工人,腰腿痛,并向左下肢放散,咳嗽、喷嚏时加重。检查腰部活动明显受限,并向左倾斜,直腿抬高试验阳性。病程中无低热、盗汗、消瘦症状。3.为明确诊断,以下哪项为最有意义的检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "肌电图", "B": "CT", "C": "超声", "D": "X线检查"}, "answer": "CT", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男性,40岁,6h前发生十二指肠壶腹(球部)溃疡前壁穿孔,以下症状及体征中,不应出现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全腹压痛及肌紧张", "B": "肠鸣音亢进", "C": "肝浊音界消失", "D": "呼吸浅快,腹肌呈板样"}, "answer": "肠鸣音亢进", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于桡骨头半脱位时的复位手法正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "屈肘90°,前臂旋前、旋后", "B": "将患肢抬起,使肘关节置于半屈曲位,沿前臂方向做持续牵引", "C": "屈肘约50°位,前臂中位站立,沿前臂纵轴牵引", "D": "Hippocrates法复位"}, "answer": "屈肘90°,前臂旋前、旋后", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "正确描述胆汁的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化期只有胆囊胆汁排入小肠", "B": "胆汁中含有脂肪消化酶", "C": "胆汁中与消化有关的成分是胆盐", "D": "非消化期无胆汁分泌"}, "answer": "胆汁中与消化有关的成分是胆盐", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "艾滋病患者肺部最常见的机会性感染的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺孢子菌", "B": "念珠菌", "C": "弓形虫", "D": "衣原体"}, "answer": "肺孢子菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,31岁。发热伴乏力、牙龈出血1周。化验血常规:Hb 100g/L,WBC 2.1×109/L。骨髓细胞学检查:骨髓增生极度活跃,原始细胞占0.80,少数细胞胞浆内可见Auer小体MPO染色(+)。PAS染色(-),NES染色(+),且不被NaF抑制,流式细胞技术免疫表型:CD34(+),CD13(+),CD33(+),最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "AML-M5", "B": "AML-M6", "C": "AML-M2", "D": "AML-M3"}, "answer": "AML-M3", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.上腹部手术术后拆线时间为(  )。", "options": {"A": "6~7天", "B": "7~9天", "C": "10~12天", "D": "14天"}, "answer": "7~9天", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "神经系统实现其调节功能的基本方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "兴奋和抑制", "B": "记忆与思维", "C": "条件反射与非条件反射", "D": "正反馈与负反馈"}, "answer": "条件反射与非条件反射", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.主要用于预防支气管哮喘的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿托品+毛果芸香碱", "B": "阿托品+碘解磷定", "C": "肾上腺素", "D": "色甘酸钠"}, "answer": "色甘酸钠", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女婴,30天,过期产,出生体重4.5kg,母亲无糖尿病史。生后人工喂养,常鼻塞,时有呼吸困难,吃奶差,哭声弱、反应差、便秘。查体:体温35℃(R),脉搏90次/分,皮肤轻度黄染。血象:Hb90g/L,RBC3.6×1012/L,WBC11×109/L。对该儿最主要的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用抗生素抗感染", "B": "不需用药,继续观察", "C": "保暖给氧,支持呼吸", "D": "服用甲状腺制剂"}, "answer": "服用甲状腺制剂", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.肾小球基底膜正常(  )。", "options": {"A": "膜性肾小球肾炎", "B": "轻微病变性肾小球肾炎", "C": "毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎", "D": "膜性增生性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "轻微病变性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "人体的主要散热部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤", "B": "泌尿道", "C": "呼吸道", "D": "肺循环"}, "answer": "皮肤", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,23岁,间断发热、关节痛1年半月来高热、皮疹、下肢浮肿;血压120/80mmHg,皮肤无紫癜,肝脾不大,尿蛋白(+++),尿红细胞5~10/HP,颗粒管型偶见,Hb 98g/L,网织红细胞5%,血BUN 7mmol/L。3.为明确肾脏病变,最重要的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部CT", "B": "肾穿刺", "C": "骨髓穿刺", "D": "肾图"}, "answer": "肾穿刺", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "甲亢治疗方法中,最易引起甲状腺功能减退的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "他巴唑(甲巯咪唑)", "B": "丙硫氧嘧啶", "C": "放射性131I治疗", "D": "手术次全切除甲状腺"}, "answer": "放射性131I治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列疾病哪种是由螺形菌引起的?(  )", "options": {"A": "炭疽", "B": "流脑", "C": "霍乱", "D": "沙眼"}, "answer": "霍乱", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "病毒性脑炎脑脊液的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "白细胞数<10×106/L,糖量正常,氯化物正常,蛋白量降低", "B": "白细胞数<10×106/L,糖量正常,氯化物降低,蛋白量增多", "C": "白细胞数(50~200)×106/L,糖量正常,氯化物正常,蛋白量增多", "D": "白细胞数>1000×106/L,糖量减少,氯化物稍降低,蛋白量降低"}, "answer": "白细胞数(50~200)×106/L,糖量正常,氯化物正常,蛋白量增多", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "35岁男性,右膝关节内侧疼痛,肿胀半年,曾在外院拍X片,见有胫骨上端内侧有一5cm×4cm大小透光区,中间有肥皂泡沫阴影,骨端膨大。近1月来肿胀明显加重,夜间疼痛难忍,右膝关节活动受限。入院后X线片是胫骨上端病变扩大,肥皂泡沫阴影,呈云雾状阴影,病变侵入软组织。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨肉瘤", "B": "骨囊肿", "C": "骨纤维肉瘤", "D": "骨巨细胞瘤恶变"}, "answer": "骨巨细胞瘤恶变", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一健康儿童,体检结果,身高是115cm,体重20kg。该儿童的年龄可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "6岁", "B": "7岁", "C": "9岁", "D": "10岁"}, "answer": "6岁", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,58岁,上腹不适,纳差3年。体重减轻,乏力半年。查体:贫血貌,上腹部轻压痛。Hb 88g/L,MCV 115fl,胃镜检查示胃体皱襞稀疏,黏膜血管透见。1.应首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Menetrier病", "B": "慢性萎缩性胃炎", "C": "慢性淋巴细胞性胃炎", "D": "慢性浅表性胃炎"}, "answer": "慢性萎缩性胃炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,38岁。2周前突发颈前部疼痛,右侧尤甚,吞咽时疼痛加重,伴有午后低热,4周前曾有咳嗽、咽痛。查体:无突眼,甲状腺Ⅱ度肿大,右侧可触及直径1cm质硬结节,有触痛。实验室检查:FT3升高,FT4升高,TSH降低,TPOAb和TGAb均阴性,131I摄取率降低。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎", "B": "甲状腺功能亢进症", "C": "亚急性甲状腺炎", "D": "单纯性甲状腺肿"}, "answer": "亚急性甲状腺炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "当放射性同位素14C、15N同时标记的天冬氨酸进入动物体内时,有部分化合物将存在标记原子。下列哪种化合物同时存在15N,14C?(  )", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素", "B": "尿素", "C": "UMP", "D": "肌酸"}, "answer": "UMP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,男性,9岁。头面部、四肢及会阴部火焰烧伤4h,烧伤总面积占体表面积50%,深Ⅱ度20%,Ⅲ度30%。伤后无尿,烦躁不安,手足湿冷,心率160次/min,呼吸25次/min。1.首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "火焰烧伤", "B": "急性肾功能衰竭", "C": "呼吸道吸人性损伤", "D": "大面积特重度烧伤"}, "answer": "大面积特重度烧伤", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于小儿免疫系统的说法,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿时期各种T细胞亚群功能均显不足", "B": "IgM不能通过胎盘", "C": "IgG不能通过胎盘", "D": "脐血IgM水平过高,提示可能有宫内感染"}, "answer": "IgG不能通过胎盘", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,7天,早产儿,两天前出现全身皮肤黏膜发黄,并逐渐加重,测定血清胆红素14mg/dl。该患者最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿生理性黄疸", "B": "新生儿寒冷损伤综合征", "C": "新生儿窒息", "D": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病"}, "answer": "新生儿生理性黄疸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,72岁。右腹股沟包块1天。剧烈咳嗽后包块出现,伴腹痛,平卧位包块不能消失。查体:有腹股沟下端可触及6cm×5cm包块,质韧,叩诊呈浊音。诊断为腹股沟疝,行手法复位,可缓慢还纳,未闻及咕噜声。疝出的内容物最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙状结肠", "B": "大网膜", "C": "直肠", "D": "盲肠"}, "answer": "大网膜", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.军团菌肺炎首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素G", "B": "红霉素", "C": "氧氟沙星", "D": "甲硝唑"}, "answer": "红霉素", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "惊厥持续状态是指惊厥持续时间(  )。", "options": {"A": ">l0分钟", "B": ">20分钟", "C": ">30分钟", "D": ">50分钟"}, "answer": ">30分钟", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.喉返神经损伤引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "高热、脉快,烦躁、谵妄、大汗、呕吐、水泻", "B": "声嘶,严重者失音、呼吸困难", "C": "音调降低或饮水时呛咳", "D": "呼吸困难、烦躁、发绀,甚至窒息"}, "answer": "声嘶,严重者失音、呼吸困难", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.起病急,肝细胞坏死严重而广泛(  )。", "options": {"A": "中度慢性肝炎", "B": "急性重症肝炎", "C": "轻度慢性肝炎", "D": "亚急性重症肝炎"}, "answer": "急性重症肝炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "已知某DNA片段的一股碱基序列为5’-ACTTGC-3’,另一股应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "5’-GCAAGU-3’", "B": "5’-CAAACG-3’", "C": "5’-ACAACG-3’", "D": "5’-GCAAGT-3’"}, "answer": "5’-GCAAGT-3’", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.雷尼替丁的主要作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中和胃酸", "B": "促进胃排空", "C": "抑制胃酸分泌", "D": "阻断胃泌素受体"}, "answer": "抑制胃酸分泌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者男,36岁,摩托车祸2小时,查体一般情况尚可。右小腿有一长约16cm的伤口,有胫骨断端外露,出血不多,并伴有广泛的软组织挫伤。1.在行X线摄片检查以前,应该进行的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "行简单的外固定", "B": "行气压止血带止血", "C": "急送手术室", "D": "跟骨结节骨牵引"}, "answer": "行简单的外固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.防止超急排斥的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "进行ABO血型配型", "B": "进行HLA配型", "C": "应用环孢素A", "D": "应用FK-506"}, "answer": "进行ABO血型配型", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于甲亢患者术前准备服用碘剂的作用,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制甲状腺素的合成", "B": "使甲状腺素缩小变硬", "C": "可以减少甲状腺的血流量", "D": "抑制蛋白水解酶,减少甲状腺球蛋白的分解"}, "answer": "抑制甲状腺素的合成", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.子宫颈癌最常见的组织学类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鳞状上皮癌", "B": "腺癌", "C": "实性癌", "D": "小细胞癌"}, "answer": "鳞状上皮癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.丁型肝炎病毒(HDV)的基因组是(  )。", "options": {"A": "双链线状DNA", "B": "单链正股线状RNA", "C": "单链负股环状或自身配对呈杆状RNA", "D": "双链RNA"}, "answer": "单链负股环状或自身配对呈杆状RNA", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.可直接刺激B细胞合成抗体的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内源性抗原", "B": "TD抗原", "C": "TI抗原", "D": "超抗原"}, "answer": "TI抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,27岁,尿频,尿急,尿痛1年,一般抗炎治疗不好转,时有低热无力,尿检:白细胞20~30个/HP,红细胞5~8个/HP,肾图:右肾严重受损,左肾积水,初诊为肾结核。2.确诊有肾结核左肾积水,为了治疗哪项检查更好?(  )", "options": {"A": "血Cr", "B": "尿结核菌培养", "C": "右肾穿刺造影", "D": "肾扫描"}, "answer": "血Cr", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于胃蠕动的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "从胃贲门部开始,向幽门方向传播", "B": "人胃蠕动的频率为每分钟5~8次", "C": "胃蠕动的频率受胃平滑肌的基本电节律控制", "D": "神经和体液因素不影响胃的蠕动"}, "answer": "胃蠕动的频率受胃平滑肌的基本电节律控制", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,63岁,4年前开始,近l年日益加重,不认识女儿,摔废旧物品,出门找不到家,不会穿衣,常呆坐,呆立呆望,不言不语,对人冷淡,不关心家人。既往史:有冶游史。躯体神经系统检查:无异常精神检查,意清,定向障碍,记忆障碍,个位数计算正确,两位数加法常错,夜间不眠,到处摸索,说身边有人唱歌内容听不清,流露出悲观情绪,未见自杀行为,生活不能自理。化验:康华试验阴性,CSF正常,CT示脑萎缩、额颞叶明显。2.目前治疗效果预后如何(  )。", "options": {"A": "无有效治疗,预后不良", "B": "治疗脑血管病后尚可", "C": "手术治疗预后较好", "D": "脑脊液分流手术,预后尚可"}, "answer": "无有效治疗,预后不良", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,47岁,腹胀、纳差半年。6小时前突然呕血约1000mL来急诊,既往HBsAg(+)。查体:P 125次/min,BP 70/50mmHg,巩膜轻度黄染,肝脾肋下未触及,移动性浊音(+),下肢有可凹性水肿。2.应首选的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急诊胃镜止血", "B": "剖腹探查", "C": "紧急输血和输液", "D": "药物治疗"}, "answer": "紧急输血和输液", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,28岁。发现血压升高3年,下肢无力1年,无高血压家族史。查体:BP 160/100mmHg,无向心性肥胖,无满月脸和水牛背,未见紫纹,双下肢无水肿。实验室检查:尿比重1.005,尿pH 7.0,余正常。血钠149mmol/L,血钾3.1mmol/L,肝肾功能正常。2.患者高血压的特效治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "α受体拮抗剂", "B": "β受体拮抗剂", "C": "ACEI", "D": "螺内酯"}, "answer": "螺内酯", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "引起代谢性碱中毒的原因中,不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃液丧失过多", "B": "严重腹泻", "C": "服用碱性药物过量", "D": "长期使用呋塞米类利尿剂"}, "answer": "严重腹泻", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "水杨酸类制剂在溃疡性结肠炎治疗中,主要适用于(  )。", "options": {"A": "轻中度病例", "B": "重度病例", "C": "中毒性巨结肠", "D": "激素治疗无效者"}, "answer": "轻中度病例", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,女,10个月。腹泻3天,加重2天。暗绿色水样便每日10余次,量多,腥臭,伴高热、呕吐、少尿。查体:精神萎靡,呈嗜睡状,前囟眼窝凹陷,皮肤弹性差,心音较低钝,腹胀,肝脾不大。实验室检查:粪镜检有大量脓血细胞,血钠135mmol/L,血钾3.5mmol/L。2.该患儿腹泻脱水的程度与性质应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "重度等渗性", "B": "中度等渗性", "C": "中度低渗性", "D": "中度高渗性"}, "answer": "中度等渗性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初产妇,规律宫缩10小时,连续观察2小时,宫口由6cm开大至7cm,胎头+1,胎心140次/分。此时最合适的处置应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "严密观察产程进展", "B": "立即行人工破膜", "C": "静脉滴注缩宫素", "D": "立即行剖宫产术"}, "answer": "严密观察产程进展", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "通过抗氧化作用而发挥抗动脉粥样硬化的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "考来烯胺", "B": "烟酸", "C": "非诺贝特", "D": "普罗布考"}, "answer": "普罗布考", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.甲苯磺丁脲降血糖作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制蛋白质合成", "B": "刺激胰岛β细胞释放胰岛素", "C": "促进葡萄糖分解", "D": "抑制糖原分解和异生"}, "answer": "刺激胰岛β细胞释放胰岛素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有关检查胎位时四步触诊法,下述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "用以了解子宫大小、胎先露、胎方位", "B": "第一步是双手置于子宫底部了解宫底高度,并判断是胎头还是胎臀", "C": "第二步是双手分别置于腹部两侧,辨别胎背方向", "D": "第三步是双手置于耻骨联合上方,弄清楚胎先露部是头还是臀"}, "answer": "第三步是双手置于耻骨联合上方,弄清楚胎先露部是头还是臀", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.结核菌(  )。", "options": {"A": "引起Ⅰ型超敏反应", "B": "引起Ⅲ型超敏反应", "C": "引起Ⅳ型超敏反应", "D": "是Ⅰ型超敏反应的介质"}, "answer": "引起Ⅳ型超敏反应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.大剂量可致神经兴奋、多发性神经炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "异烟肼", "B": "利福平", "C": "乙胺丁醇", "D": "链霉素"}, "answer": "异烟肼", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "决定血浆的PH值的主要缓冲对是(  )。", "options": {"A": "KHCO3/H2CO3", "B": "NaHCO3/H2CO3", "C": "Na2HPO4/NaH2PO4", "D": "K2HPO4/KH2PO4"}, "answer": "NaHCO3/H2CO3", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "坐位乘车时,急刹车,右膝前方受到撞击,出现右髋剧痛,髋关节运动障碍,处于屈曲、内收、内旋畸形状态。1.应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "股骨颈骨折", "B": "股骨转子间骨折", "C": "股骨转子下骨折", "D": "髋关节后脱位"}, "answer": "髋关节后脱位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "磷酸戊糖途径的生理意义是生成(  )。", "options": {"A": "6-磷酸果糖和NADPH+H+", "B": "5-磷酸核糖和NADH+H+", "C": "3-磷酸甘油醛和NADH+H+", "D": "5-磷酸核糖和NADPH+H+"}, "answer": "5-磷酸核糖和NADPH+H+", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不属于中毒型细菌性痢疾临床特征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "起病时肠道症状可不明显", "B": "迅速发生休克与呼吸衰竭", "C": "均有脑膜刺激征", "D": "多见于2~7岁儿童"}, "answer": "均有脑膜刺激征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿腹泻时低钾症状见于血钾(mmol/L)低于(  )。", "options": {"A": "2", "B": "3", "C": "3.5", "D": "4"}, "answer": "3.5", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.风湿性心内膜炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "瓣膜穿孔", "B": "瓣膜增厚、粘连、卷曲", "C": "室问隔缺损", "D": "瓣膜闭锁缘粟粒状赘生物"}, "answer": "瓣膜闭锁缘粟粒状赘生物", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于人体实验的第一个伦理学文献是(  )。", "options": {"A": "《赫尔辛基宣言》", "B": "《纽伦堡法典》", "C": "《日内瓦宣言》", "D": "《夏威夷宣言》"}, "answer": "《纽伦堡法典》", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.直接参与糖原合成的核苷酸是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ADP", "B": "FAD", "C": "UTP", "D": "NADH"}, "answer": "UTP", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "脑出血最常见的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压和脑动脉硬化", "B": "血液病", "C": "脑动脉瘤", "D": "脑血管畸形"}, "answer": "高血压和脑动脉硬化", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列有关胃食管反流病烧心和反流的描述。错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "常在餐后1小时出现", "B": "腹压增高、弯腰、卧位时可减轻", "C": "反流是指胃内容物在无恶心和不用力的情况下涌入咽部或口腔的感觉", "D": "反流物含酸味或仅为酸水时称反酸"}, "answer": "腹压增高、弯腰、卧位时可减轻", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "经常性控制糖皮质激素分泌的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "TSH", "B": "ACTH", "C": "FSH", "D": "LH"}, "answer": "ACTH", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "30岁女性,放置V型宫内节育环3年,来院常规检查。平时月经正常,末次月经10天前,阴道窥器检查未见尾丝。2.下述检查措施哪项最简便又可靠?(  )", "options": {"A": "X线照片", "B": "B超", "C": "探宫腔", "D": "宫腔镜"}, "answer": "B超", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,46岁,风湿性心脏病5年,强心苷和利尿药维持治疗。昨夜突然感呼吸闲难、心悸。查体:端坐呼吸,呼吸浅快,咳大量泡沫样痰。心率120次/分,肺布满湿啰音,应加用下述哪种药进行治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "异丙肾上腺素", "B": "阿托品", "C": "吗啡", "D": "肾上腺素"}, "answer": "吗啡", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,22岁。突发右胸痛2天,无发热、咳嗽。查体:T 37.2℃,右胸廓稍饱满,语音震颤减弱,叩诊呈鼓音,呼吸音消失。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺不张", "B": "肺腔积液", "C": "肺气肿", "D": "气胸"}, "answer": "气胸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "第7、8胸椎结核病灶清除术后,恢复工作已1年。近3个月来又出现背痛、乏力、盗汗、低热和双下肢无力症状。查体:第7、8胸椎局部有明显叩击痛,双下肢肌力三级,巴宾斯基反射(+),血沉增快。最适当的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "非手术治疗,卧石膏床", "B": "在抗结核药物保护下尽早行病灶清除术", "C": "按急症病灶清除术", "D": "后路植骨融合术"}, "answer": "在抗结核药物保护下尽早行病灶清除术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "卫生行政部门接到传染病菌种丢失时,向本级人民政府报告的时限为(  )。", "options": {"A": "1小时", "B": "2小时", "C": "6小时", "D": "24小时"}, "answer": "2小时", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,56岁,心房颤动患者,突然发生命名困难。2周来共发生过5次,每次持续2~15秒。查体:无神经系统异常。脑CT无异常。1.可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑动脉瘤", "B": "脑血栓形成", "C": "脑出血", "D": "短暂性脑缺血发作"}, "answer": "短暂性脑缺血发作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项不符合单纯性肾病(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量蛋白尿", "B": "明显水肿", "C": "血胆固醇明显增高", "D": "多为非选择性蛋白尿"}, "answer": "多为非选择性蛋白尿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.肝糖原可以补充血糖的原因是肝脏有(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶", "B": "磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶", "C": "苹果酸脱氢酶", "D": "己糖激酶"}, "answer": "葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "以下哪项是传染病的防治原则?(  )", "options": {"A": "管理传染源,切断传播途径,保护易感人群", "B": "切断社会因素和自然因素", "C": "管理食物、水源、粪便,消灭蚊蝇", "D": "环境卫生管理,水源食物管理,灭蝇"}, "answer": "管理传染源,切断传播途径,保护易感人群", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,63岁,COPD患者。因近来活动耐力下降就诊。为对其因迷走神经张力过高所致的气道狭窄,宜选用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "白三烯调节剂", "B": "异丙托溴铵", "C": "吸入型糖皮质激素", "D": "茶碱"}, "answer": "异丙托溴铵", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "甲型肝炎病毒具有哪一项特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "黑猩猩和绒猴易感,但不能传代", "B": "是脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)病毒", "C": "在细胞培养中HAV引起细胞病变", "D": "只有一个血清型和一个抗原抗体系统"}, "answer": "只有一个血清型和一个抗原抗体系统", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.上述哪项具有免疫黏附作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "C1-C3", "B": "C3B", "C": "C5b6", "D": "C3a"}, "answer": "C3B", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,22岁。大学生。平常乐于助人、尊师爱校。不仅在学习上经常帮助同学,而且在生活上也常常照顾他人,并能积极组织班级的集体活动。这种行为方式在性格的特征中属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "行为特征", "B": "意志特征", "C": "态度特征", "D": "情绪特征"}, "answer": "态度特征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "应用异烟肼时常并用维生素B6的目的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "增强疗效", "B": "防治周围神经炎", "C": "延缓抗药性产生", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "防治周围神经炎", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "宫颈鳞状上皮化提示为(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫颈原位癌", "B": "宫颈上皮内瘤样病变", "C": "人乳头状瘤病毒感染", "D": "宫颈糜烂愈合过程"}, "answer": "宫颈糜烂愈合过程", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "需要治疗的无症状性菌尿见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "长期留置导尿", "B": "糖尿病", "C": "绝经期前非妊娠妇女", "D": "妊娠妇女"}, "answer": "妊娠妇女", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血患者,长期以来反复发生溶血,近l周上呼吸道感染,其后贫血日渐加速,血红蛋白50g/L,网织红细胞0.1%,白细胞2.8×109/L,分类中性粒细胞0.52,淋巴细胞0.48,骨髓三系细胞增生减低,网状细胞浆细胞多见,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性溶血状态", "B": "再障危象", "C": "骨髓纤维化", "D": "以上均不是"}, "answer": "再障危象", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于手部皮肤切割伤的处理,下述哪一项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "清创术应在伤后6~8小时内进行", "B": "切除皮缘宁多勿少,以防感染", "C": "创口应力争一期闭合", "D": "伤后超过24小时,可行二期处理"}, "answer": "切除皮缘宁多勿少,以防感染", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "《中华人民共和国执业医师法》适用于(  )。", "options": {"A": "依法取得执业医师资格的人", "B": "依法取得执业医师资格或者执业助理医师资格的专业医务人员", "C": "依法取得执业医师资格或者执业助理医师资格,经注册在医疗机构中执业的专业医务人员", "D": "依法取得执业医师资格或者执业助理医师资格,经注册在医疗、预防、保健机构中执业的专业医务人员"}, "answer": "依法取得执业医师资格或者执业助理医师资格,经注册在医疗、预防、保健机构中执业的专业医务人员", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "成年女性,临床表现为肾病综合征,肾穿刺活检,银染色见肾小球基底膜呈车轨状。最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺出血肾炎综合征", "B": "膜性增生性肾炎", "C": "膜性肾炎", "D": "系膜增生性肾炎"}, "answer": "膜性增生性肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一糖尿病患者空腹血糖13.9mmol/L,尿酮体阴性,近期2次尿蛋白分别为(+)、(++),最恰当的治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "磺脲类降糖药", "B": "双胍类降糖药", "C": "胰岛素", "D": "单纯饮食治疗"}, "answer": "胰岛素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医务人员应共同遵守的道德原则以及建立良好医际关系的思想基础是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人利益至上", "B": "医生利益至上", "C": "医院关系至上", "D": "社会利益至上"}, "answer": "病人利益至上", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,38岁。会阴部不适,双侧睾丸疼痛1年。社区医院按“前列腺炎”治疗效果不明显,近期症状加重,出现血精。查体:睾丸正常,左侧附睾尾部肿大,质地偏硬,左输精管增粗,呈“串珠状”改变。直肠指检:前列腺略大,有大小不等的结节,无压痛。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "前列腺癌", "B": "附睾、输精管炎", "C": "慢性前列腺炎", "D": "生殖系统结核"}, "answer": "生殖系统结核", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "胸廓的弹性回缩力成为吸气的弹性阻力见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "深吸气", "B": "胸廓处于自然位置时", "C": "平静呼气末", "D": "深呼气"}, "answer": "深吸气", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在人体实验中使用对照组、安慰剂和双盲法(  )。", "options": {"A": "是对病人的一种欺骗", "B": "违背了知情同意原则", "C": "违背了人道主义原则", "D": "以征服疾病为目标,为发展医学的需要,严格限制在不损害病人利益的范围之内使用这一方法,是合乎医学道德的"}, "answer": "以征服疾病为目标,为发展医学的需要,严格限制在不损害病人利益的范围之内使用这一方法,是合乎医学道德的", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "目前诊断动脉瘤最可靠的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰椎穿刺", "B": "头颅X光平片", "C": "头颅CT", "D": "DSA(数字减影血管造影)"}, "answer": "DSA(数字减影血管造影)", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "G+细菌不具备的成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "磷壁酸", "B": "脂多糖", "C": "N-乙酰胞壁酸", "D": "N-乙酰葡糖胺"}, "answer": "脂多糖", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,60岁,突然出现剧烈头痛和呕吐8小时。无发热,否认高血压史。查体:神清,体温36.9℃,血压120/75mmHg,右侧瞳孔直径3.5mm,对光反应消失,上睑下垂,眼球向上、下及内侧运动不能,颈项强直,克氏征阳性。CT示脑正中裂及右大脑外侧裂、枕大池呈高密度影。2.为进一步治疗及预防,以下哪种检查最重要?(  )", "options": {"A": "颅脑X线平片", "B": "听觉诱发电位", "C": "全脑血管造影", "D": "腰穿"}, "answer": "全脑血管造影", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列机制所致的低氧血症中,通过氧疗最难纠正的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "弥散功能障碍", "B": "肺泡通气量下降", "C": "肺内分流", "D": "氧耗量增加"}, "answer": "肺内分流", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "若中央前回底部前方的Broca三角区受损,可导致(  )。", "options": {"A": "运动性失语症", "B": "失写症", "C": "失读症", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "运动性失语症", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "间日疟的典型发作中,不存在(  )。", "options": {"A": "前驱期", "B": "寒战期", "C": "大汗期", "D": "间歇期"}, "answer": "前驱期", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,25岁。受凉后发热、咳嗽、咳痰1周,气促3天,意识模糊l小时。查体:体温39.8℃,血压80/50mmHg,口唇发绀,双肺可闻及较多湿啰音,心率115次/分,未闻及杂音,四肢冷,血常规WBC 21×109/L,N 0.90。2.该患者经过抗感染等综合治疗后症状有所改善,血压100/60mmHg,动脉血气分析(面罩吸氧5L/min)提示:PaO2 50mmHg,PaCO2 28mmHg,HCO3- 16mmol/L,此时首选措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉滴注呼吸兴奋剂", "B": "人工口对口呼吸", "C": "静脉滴注碳酸氢钠", "D": "机械通气"}, "answer": "机械通气", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有关Ⅲ度胎盘早剥的说法,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "剧烈腹痛后,阴道流血", "B": "阴道出血量与全身症状不成正比", "C": "子宫板状", "D": "无痛性阴道流血"}, "answer": "无痛性阴道流血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "能与类风湿因子特异性结合的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "自身变性的IgG", "B": "自身变性的IgM", "C": "自身变性的IgE", "D": "自身变性的IgD"}, "answer": "自身变性的IgG", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于小儿维生素D缺乏性佝偻病的预防措施,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "适当多晒太阳", "B": "孕母补充维生素D及钙剂", "C": "早产儿2个月时开始补充维生素D", "D": "提倡母乳喂养"}, "answer": "早产儿2个月时开始补充维生素D", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "按照《献血法》的规定,表述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血站是不以营利为目的的公益性组织", "B": "血站应当义务无偿为患者提供血液", "C": "设立血站必须经省级以上人民政府卫生行政部门批准", "D": "血站的管理办法由国务院卫生行政部门制定"}, "answer": "血站应当义务无偿为患者提供血液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.地方性甲状腺肿是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内分泌功能亢进", "B": "内分泌功能减退", "C": "内分泌功能正常", "D": "激素受体不敏感"}, "answer": "内分泌功能正常", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "吗啡可用于下列哪种疼痛?(  )", "options": {"A": "颅脑外伤", "B": "癌症剧痛", "C": "诊断未明的急腹症", "D": "分娩阵痛"}, "answer": "癌症剧痛", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "脑血栓形成最常见的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞增多症", "B": "高血压病", "C": "脑动脉粥样硬化", "D": "血压偏低"}, "answer": "脑动脉粥样硬化", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.发挥自己的潜能,实现自己的理想与抱负的需要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "安全需要", "B": "爱与被爱的需要", "C": "尊重的需要", "D": "自我实现的需要"}, "answer": "自我实现的需要", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.呼吸性碱中毒(  )。", "options": {"A": "HCO3-↓,pH↓,PCO2正常", "B": "HCO3-↑,pH↑,PCO2正常", "C": "HCO3-正常,pH↓,PCO2↓", "D": "HCO3-↓,pH↑,PCO2↓"}, "answer": "HCO3-↓,pH↑,PCO2↓", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,55岁。因低位直肠癌行Dixon术,术后吻合口位于齿状线上1cm。患者术后最可能出现的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "性功能障碍", "B": "排便功能完全正常", "C": "排尿功能障碍", "D": "排便前有便意,但不能控制排便"}, "answer": "排便功能完全正常", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "霍乱病严重腓肠肌和腹肌痉挛最主要的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "补磷", "B": "补镁", "C": "补钠", "D": "补钾"}, "answer": "补钠", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "血管扩张剂治疗心力衰竭的主要作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "增强心肌收缩力", "B": "改善心肌供血", "C": "降低心脏前、后负荷", "D": "降低心肌耗氧量"}, "answer": "降低心脏前、后负荷", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "促进排卵药物不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿促性素", "B": "氯米芬", "C": "绒促性素", "D": "孕激素"}, "answer": "孕激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "血浆胶体渗透压的大小取决于(  )。", "options": {"A": "清蛋白浓度", "B": "脂类的含量", "C": "葡萄糖浓度", "D": "Na+、C1-等无机离子含量"}, "answer": "清蛋白浓度", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "典型的矽肺最重要和最常见的X线表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺实质阴影增大", "B": "密度较高的圆形和类圆形的阴影", "C": "胸膜粘连和肥厚", "D": "弥漫性肺气肿"}, "answer": "密度较高的圆形和类圆形的阴影", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.流感嗜血杆菌脑膜炎抗生素治疗的疗程应该是(  )。", "options": {"A": "7天", "B": "10~14天", "C": "14~21天", "D": "大于21天"}, "answer": "10~14天", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某研究者拟采用多中心、随机、双盲临床试验评价补肾活血颗粒改善帕金森病患者运动功能的有效性,试验组使用的中药配方包括山茱萸、何首乌和当归等成分。对照组用药由淀粉、糊精和苦味剂等成分制成,其气味、口感与试验用药非常近似,但没有药理作用。该试验采用的对照属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "标准方法对照", "B": "自身对照", "C": "安慰剂对照", "D": "空白对照"}, "answer": "安慰剂对照", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "区分胃幽门与十二指肠的解剖标志是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃短静脉", "B": "胃网膜右动脉", "C": "幽门前静脉", "D": "胃十二指肠动脉"}, "answer": "幽门前静脉", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,50岁,病人15年来,无事实根据的认为单位上下合伙谋害他,反复到各级信访机关及公安局上访告状,劝说无效。此症状属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "意志缺乏", "B": "意志增强", "C": "意向倒错", "D": "矛盾意向"}, "answer": "意志增强", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "清蛋白基因在肝脏表达而不在肌肉表达,这种基因表达的特点属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "时间特异性", "B": "空间特异性", "C": "组织特异性", "D": "时间随机性"}, "answer": "组织特异性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有甲乙两患者,甲患者左心室舒张末期容积为140ml,收缩末期容积为56ml;乙患者左室舒张末期容积为160ml,收缩末期容积为64ml,两者的射血分数(  )。", "options": {"A": "相等", "B": "均低于正常", "C": "乙患者高于甲患者", "D": "甲患者高于乙患者"}, "answer": "相等", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.用乳胶作载体吸附抗原检测患者血清抗体的试验是(  )。", "options": {"A": "间接凝集反应", "B": "ELISA", "C": "协同凝集反应", "D": "Coomb’s试验"}, "answer": "间接凝集反应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "慢性宫颈炎最多见的病理变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫颈黏膜炎", "B": "宫颈糜烂", "C": "宫颈肥大", "D": "宫颈息肉"}, "answer": "宫颈糜烂", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗内分泌功能亢进者最为理想的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "手术切除增生或肿瘤", "B": "药物抑制激素合成", "C": "化学治疗", "D": "用靶激素抑制促激素的合成和分泌"}, "answer": "手术切除增生或肿瘤", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者男性,30岁,左下肢局部皮肤红、肿、热、痛,中央部缺血坏死流出脓液稀薄,粉红色,其致病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "B": "β-溶血性链球菌", "C": "大肠杆菌", "D": "绿脓杆菌"}, "answer": "β-溶血性链球菌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,60岁,尿频,夜尿3~4次,直肠指检:前列腺增大,质地偏硬,未触及硬结,血清PSA 16.7ng/m1,B超显示:前列腺增生,残余尿量为20m1,CT尿路造影(CTU)显示双肾无积水,前列腺增生,下一步诊治方应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "药物治疗", "B": "前列腺穿刺活检", "C": "根治性前列腺切除", "D": "经尿道球高压扩张术"}, "answer": "前列腺穿刺活检", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.县级以上各级人民政府其他有关部门(  )。", "options": {"A": "医疗废物集中无害化处置", "B": "负责组织建设医疗废物集中处置设施", "C": "对医疗废物收集、运送、贮存、处置活动中的疾病防治工作实施统一监督管理", "D": "在各自的职责范围内负责与医疗废物处置有关的监督管理工作"}, "answer": "在各自的职责范围内负责与医疗废物处置有关的监督管理工作", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.属于医学伦理学基本范畴的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有利、公正", "B": "权利、义务", "C": "医乃仁术", "D": "等价交换"}, "answer": "权利、义务", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "前列腺增生症,残尿量过多,使膀胱失去收缩能力,膀胱过度膨胀,尿不自主从尿道口冲出,称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "压力性尿失禁", "B": "充盈性尿失禁", "C": "急迫性尿失禁", "D": "尿滴沥"}, "answer": "充盈性尿失禁", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,20岁。3年前无明显诱因渐起孤僻少语,不愿参加集体活动,甚至与父母也很少交流,上课时注意力不集中,成绩下降。个人生活懒于料理。2.该患者最适宜做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全面的精神检查", "B": "MRI检查", "C": "脑电图", "D": "超声检查"}, "answer": "全面的精神检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,36岁,巴诊断肾病综合征,近2d右下肢痛、凉,右足背动脉搏动触不清,指(趾)皮肤发绀,压首先考虑的合并症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "下尿路感染", "B": "右下肢静脉血栓", "C": "心源性休克", "D": "右下肢动脉栓塞"}, "answer": "右下肢动脉栓塞", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列不属于输血禁忌证的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肺水肿", "B": "恶性高血压", "C": "严重感染", "D": "肾功能衰竭"}, "answer": "严重感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性32岁,双下肢无力3个月。查体:双上肢正常,又下肢肌力3级,肌张力高,跟膝腱反射亢进,病理反射(+)。其病变部位可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸髓", "B": "颈膨大", "C": "腰膨大", "D": "脊髓前角细胞"}, "answer": "胸髓", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "婴幼儿易患上呼吸道感染的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸浅表", "B": "呼吸频率快", "C": "呼吸道黏膜缺少SIgA", "D": "鼻腔短小,狭窄,黏膜血管丰富"}, "answer": "鼻腔短小,狭窄,黏膜血管丰富", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.治疗者要求病人毫无保留地诉说他想要说的一切,甚至是自认为荒谬、离奇、不好意思讲的想法,这种治疗属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "系统脱敏法", "B": "满灌法", "C": "自信和社交技巧训练", "D": "自由联想"}, "answer": "自由联想", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "婴幼儿上呼吸道感染的特点错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高热甚至高热惊厥", "B": "可伴胃肠症状腹泻", "C": "可有充血性皮疹", "D": "易合并风湿热"}, "answer": "易合并风湿热", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.脑挫伤(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤后啼哭,抽搐", "B": "伤后立即昏迷,伴去脑强直发作", "C": "伤后昏迷,片刻后清醒", "D": "伤后浅昏迷,脑脊液血性"}, "answer": "伤后浅昏迷,脑脊液血性", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.ALL(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清溶菌酶明显升高", "B": "过氧化物酶染色阴性", "C": "易见Ph染色体", "D": "中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶活力明显增高"}, "answer": "过氧化物酶染色阴性", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗有机磷中毒时,下述哪项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "出现阿托品化应减量,延长给药间隔时间", "B": "阿托品用量应根据中毒的程度适当掌握", "C": "中度以上中毒,阿托品疗效差,可合用胆碱酯酶复活剂", "D": "阿托品与复活剂合用时,减少阿托品的用量"}, "answer": "中度以上中毒,阿托品疗效差,可合用胆碱酯酶复活剂", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肝硬化的特征性病理变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝细胞变性坏死", "B": "汇管区炎细胞浸润", "C": "纤维组织增生", "D": "假小叶形成"}, "answer": "假小叶形成", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,16个月,发热(39~39.7℃),咳嗽1周,1日来喘憋加重,口周发绀,烦躁不安。查体:呼吸急促,面色苍白,鼻翼煽动,呼吸63次/分,两肺可闻及少许水泡音,右肺呼吸音低,心率132次/分,X线示右肺下可见片状阴影。该患儿可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺病毒肺炎", "B": "细菌性肺炎", "C": "支原体肺炎", "D": "细菌性肺炎合并心衰"}, "answer": "腺病毒肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "解除有机磷中毒时毒蕈碱的中毒性作用,首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "静注阿托品", "B": "静注解磷定", "C": "静注美解眠", "D": "静注甘露醇"}, "answer": "静注阿托品", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性30岁,既往健康,晨起发病,四肢无力,进行性加重,2天后来诊。查体:脑神经正常,四肢肌力0级,腱反射弱,病理反射阴性,无感觉障碍。3.以上检查均正常,如何治疗适宜?(  )", "options": {"A": "大量抗生素", "B": "大量皮质激素", "C": "新斯的明口服", "D": "血浆换血疗法"}, "answer": "血浆换血疗法", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,51岁。急性前壁心肌梗死,起病第二天发生心房颤动,心室率184次/分,血压84/60mmHg,气急、发绀,首选的治疗措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉注射毛花苷丙", "B": "同步电击除颤", "C": "静脉注射美托洛尔", "D": "静注胺碘酮"}, "answer": "同步电击除颤", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,24岁,发热腰痛3天,体温38.0℃,巩膜黄染,肝肋下1.0cm,脾肋下4cm,尿胆原(++),血清胆红素25μmol/L,血红蛋白80g/L,白细胞13.0×109/L,血象可见晚幼红细胞,骨髓增生明显活跃,中晚幼细胞增多,粒红比0.8:1,应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性肝炎急性发作", "B": "急性黄疸型肝炎", "C": "急性红白血病", "D": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血"}, "answer": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "回肠肠瘘患者所用的肠内营养制剂应该是(  )。", "options": {"A": "以肽类为主", "B": "增加维生素", "C": "以脂类为主", "D": "增加维生素"}, "answer": "以肽类为主", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,65岁。有饮酒史25年,每天饮半斤白酒。3年来间断上腹隐痛,腹胀乏力,大便不成形,双下肢水肿,B超示:肝脏回声不均匀增强,脾大,少量腹水。2.为明确诊断,最有价值的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部CT", "B": "肝脏穿刺", "C": "腹部MRl", "D": "腹部体格检查"}, "answer": "肝脏穿刺", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "符合女性生殖器结核病理特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "输卵管结核多为双侧性", "B": "宫颈结核较多见,呈菜花状", "C": "卵巢结核易侵犯卵巢深层", "D": "盆腔腹膜结核多合并子宫内膜结核"}, "answer": "输卵管结核多为双侧性", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,29岁,分娩时大出血,出现淡漠、呆滞、话少、思维迟钝、活动减少,闭经,乳房萎缩,阴毛、腋毛脱落,诊断为席汉病(Sheehandis—Ease)。1.该患者的精神障碍为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺皮质功能亢进所致精神障碍", "B": "腺垂体功能减退所致精神障碍", "C": "肾上腺皮质功能减退所致精神障碍", "D": "甲状腺功能减退所致精神障碍"}, "answer": "腺垂体功能减退所致精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初次结核感染时期,其结核菌素试验阳性转的时间是初次感染后(  )。", "options": {"A": "2周以内", "B": "4周以内", "C": "4~8周", "D": "4个月左右"}, "answer": "4~8周", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "中骨盆平面狭窄主要引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎膜早破", "B": "臀先露、肩先露", "C": "持续性枕横位、枕后位", "D": "胎先露入盆受阻"}, "answer": "持续性枕横位、枕后位", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,50岁,颈增粗20年,近一年消瘦10kg,并有心悸。体检发现双侧甲状腺多个结节。基础代谢率+31%,2小时内甲状腺摄碘29%。2.最有效的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "长期抗甲状腺药物治疗", "B": "手术治疗", "C": "放射治疗", "D": "中医治疗"}, "answer": "手术治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "平原地区间日疟传播的主要媒介是(  )。", "options": {"A": "淡色库蚊", "B": "中华按蚊", "C": "三代喙库蚊", "D": "微小按蚊"}, "answer": "中华按蚊", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一患儿8个月,诊断为佝偻病活动期,正在治疗时,患儿出现发热、咳嗽,且肺部听诊闻及中小水泡音,此时选择哪一种方法治疗佝偻病更好?(  )", "options": {"A": "暂不治疗佝偻病,先治疗肺炎", "B": "维生素D360万IU,肌内注射1次,同时补钙", "C": "维生素D330万IU,2次肌内注射,相隔2~4周", "D": "维生素D380万IU,2次肌内注射"}, "answer": "维生素D330万IU,2次肌内注射,相隔2~4周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "近年来孕产妇死亡率较低的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "妊娠合并糖尿痛", "B": "产褥感染", "C": "产后出血", "D": "妊娠合并肝炎"}, "answer": "妊娠合并肝炎", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "临产后进入第二产程的主要标志是(  )。", "options": {"A": "外阴膨隆", "B": "胎头拨露", "C": "胎头着冠", "D": "宫口开大10cm。"}, "answer": "宫口开大10cm。", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,48岁,吸烟近30年。5年前每当气候转凉即开始咳嗽、咳白色粘痰,直至天气转暖后方可好转不咳;近一年来咳嗽发作频繁,但干咳少痰,其可能的原因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性支气管炎患者支气管粘膜和腺体萎缩", "B": "支气管哮喘", "C": "肺气肿合并慢性肺源性心脏病", "D": "肺癌广泛转移"}, "answer": "慢性支气管炎患者支气管粘膜和腺体萎缩", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有一名6岁男孩,3天前右额碰在桌子角上,当时能哭,现右额颞部头皮隆起,局部触之有12cm×12cm波动区,无神经系统定位症状,头颅CT片示右额颞头皮肿胀。1.该病例诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头皮挫伤", "B": "皮下血肿", "C": "帽状筋膜下血肿", "D": "头皮下积液"}, "answer": "帽状筋膜下血肿", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,50岁。大量饮酒后出现上腹部剧烈疼痛,伴呕吐,呕吐后腹痛不缓解。保守治疗3天,病情持续恶化,并出现休克。查体:体温38.9℃,脐周及背部可见大片青紫瘀斑,上腹腹肌紧张,压痛、反跳痛明显,肠鸣音减弱。2.为明确诊断,首选的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部X线片", "B": "腹部B超", "C": "血常规", "D": "血CA19-9"}, "answer": "腹部B超", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,31岁,不规则发热,咳嗽半年,间断腹泻,大便无脓血,病后体重由71kg降到70kg,3年前曾到非洲工作,1年前回国,为明确诊断应进行的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "检测抗HIV", "B": "取血分离HIV", "C": "胸部X线片", "D": "大便培养"}, "answer": "检测抗HIV", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列贫血性疾病中,属于大细胞性贫血的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "再生障碍性贫血", "B": "地中海贫血", "C": "缺铁性贫血", "D": "恶性贫血"}, "answer": "恶性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有一年轻男性患者,在得知自己患了黄疸性肝炎以后,很恐惧,怕女朋友离开他,怕同车间的伙伴疏远他,所以十分恳切地请求医师替他保密。医师看他很值得同情,就决定替他保守这个秘密,但要求他抓紧治疗,不要耽误了病情。1.医师的这种做法(  )。", "options": {"A": "基本是对的", "B": "是错误的", "C": "应该得到表扬,因为他很好地处理了矛盾", "D": "以上答案均不对"}, "answer": "是错误的", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.一次饮用大量清水导致尿量增多称(  )。", "options": {"A": "水利尿", "B": "渗透性利尿", "C": "尿崩症", "D": "尿潴留"}, "answer": "水利尿", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在酵解过程中催化产生NADH和消耗无机磷酸的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "醛缩酶", "B": "烯醇化酶", "C": "丙酮酸激酶", "D": "3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶"}, "answer": "3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎的综合性预防措施正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "早期发现和隔离治疗病人", "B": "密切接触者需观察3天", "C": "对接触者不必给予处置", "D": "脑膜炎球菌A群多糖体菌苗保护率为50%"}, "answer": "早期发现和隔离治疗病人", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,37岁,因短肠综合征入院。入院后经颈内静脉插管行全胃肠外营养支持。3周后突然出现寒战、高热,无咳嗽、咳痰。体检,腹部无压痛和反跳痛。1.最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "导管性脓毒症", "B": "气胸", "C": "高渗性非酮性昏迷", "D": "导管折断"}, "answer": "导管性脓毒症", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "发生医疗纠纷需进行尸检的,尸检时间应在死后(  )。", "options": {"A": "24小时内", "B": "36小时内", "C": "48小时内", "D": "72小时内"}, "answer": "48小时内", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,73岁,发热、咳嗽、咳痰10天,神志不清1天,急诊入院。发病以来纳差,尿量不少。有高血压、糖尿病史。体检:T 37.5℃,BP 120/80 mmHg,R 24次/分。昏迷,皮肤于燥,双下肺较多湿啰音。WBC 12×109/L,分叶76%。4.最有效的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纠正电解质紊乱", "B": "脱水", "C": "补液+胰岛素", "D": "抗生素"}, "answer": "补液+胰岛素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "疣性风湿性心内膜炎时,下述哪项是赘生物常见的部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "二尖瓣的游离缘", "B": "二尖瓣的闭锁缘", "C": "二尖瓣的心室面", "D": "二尖瓣的腱索处"}, "answer": "二尖瓣的闭锁缘", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胃液的作用不包括下述哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "激活胃蛋白酶原", "B": "使蛋白质变性", "C": "对淀粉进行初步消化", "D": "促进维生素B12的吸收"}, "answer": "对淀粉进行初步消化", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.医疗机构没有正当理由,拒绝为患者提供复印或者复制病历资料服务的,卫生行政部门可以采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "警告", "B": "责令限期整顿", "C": "吊销执业证书", "D": "责令改正"}, "answer": "责令改正", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "梨形心最常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动脉瓣关闭不全", "B": "二尖瓣狭窄", "C": "二尖瓣关闭不全", "D": "三尖瓣狭窄"}, "answer": "二尖瓣狭窄", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列临床表现中最不支持心绞痛诊断的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "含服硝酸甘油,疼痛在3~5min内缓解", "B": "疼痛易被运动或情绪激动诱发", "C": "反复出现的局限性心前区刺痛,每次持续仅2~3s", "D": "疼痛在休息时发生,持续1~10min"}, "answer": "反复出现的局限性心前区刺痛,每次持续仅2~3s", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿刘某,因发热3日到县医院就诊,门诊接诊医生张某检查后发现刘某的颊黏膜上有考氏斑,拟诊断为麻疹。张某遂嘱患儿刘某的家长带刘某去市传染病医院就诊。按照传染病防治法的规定,张某应当(  )。", "options": {"A": "请上级医生会诊,确诊后隔离治疗", "B": "向医院领导报告,确诊后由防疫部门进行转送隔离", "C": "向医院领导报告,确诊后对刘某就地进行隔离", "D": "在规定时间内,向当地防疫机构报告"}, "answer": "在规定时间内,向当地防疫机构报告", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.广谱抗真菌药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "利福平", "B": "利巴韦林", "C": "氟康唑", "D": "环磷酰胺"}, "answer": "氟康唑", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "中国营养学会提出的平衡膳食宝塔提供了(  )。", "options": {"A": "膳食中营养素的适宜摄入量", "B": "比较理想的膳食模式", "C": "理想的一日食谱", "D": "每日必须摄入的食物数量"}, "answer": "比较理想的膳食模式", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "骨折X线检查的重要意义下列选项不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "明确骨折的诊断", "B": "了解骨折类型及移位情况", "C": "了解骨折的发生机制", "D": "了解骨折的愈合情况"}, "answer": "了解骨折的发生机制", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "临床上把患者对自己精神状态的认识和判断能力称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "理解力", "B": "洞察力", "C": "自知力", "D": "想象力"}, "answer": "自知力", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "初产妇,26岁。妊娠39周,规律宫缩8小时,自然破膜5小时,宫口开大3cm,胎心率118次/分,胎心监护频繁出现晚期减速。该患者正确的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急查尿雌雄素/肌酐比值", "B": "立即行剖宫术", "C": "静脉滴注缩宫素,加速产程进展", "D": "吸氧,严密观察产程进展"}, "answer": "立即行剖宫术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列物质中作为合成IMP和UMP的共同原料是(  )。", "options": {"A": "天冬酰胺", "B": "磷酸核糖", "C": "甲硫氨酸", "D": "一碳单位"}, "answer": "磷酸核糖", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿前囟闭合的时间约在(  )。", "options": {"A": "4~6个月", "B": "3~4个月", "C": "1~1.5岁", "D": "2岁"}, "answer": "1~1.5岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男婴,娩出1分钟时,心率为104次/分,呼吸不规则而且慢,四肢活动好,青紫,弹足底有反应,躯干皮肤粉红。1分钟Apgar评分可评为(  )。", "options": {"A": "9分", "B": "7分", "C": "6分", "D": "5分"}, "answer": "7分", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.妇女30岁,孕4产2,以往有子宫内膜异位症、痛经。经用内分泌治疗后妊娠。第一胎小儿4岁时病亡。现产后3个月正哺乳。用何种避孕方法最合适(  )。", "options": {"A": "阴茎套", "B": "短效V1服药", "C": "长效避孕针", "D": "皮下埋植"}, "answer": "阴茎套", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,58岁。进行性黄疸15天。恶心、厌食、腹胀,无腹痛,近5天大便发白,陶土样,尿呈浓茶样。查体:巩膜、皮肤黄染,可触及肿大胆囊,无压痛。首选影像学检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内镜逆行性胰胆管造影", "B": "经皮肝穿刺胆道造影", "C": "腹部B超", "D": "磁共振胰胆管成像"}, "answer": "腹部B超", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "治疗消化性溃疡患者上腹部疼痛效果最好的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "质子泵抑制药", "B": "H2受体掊抗药", "C": "抗酸药", "D": "促动力药"}, "answer": "质子泵抑制药", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "神经激素是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "存在于神经系统的激素", "B": "由神经细胞分泌的激素", "C": "使神经系统兴奋的激素", "D": "调节内分泌腺功能的激素"}, "answer": "由神经细胞分泌的激素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "结核分枝杆菌的生物学性状不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗酸染色阳性,呈红色", "B": "专性需氧菌", "C": "耐热,耐紫外线", "D": "在罗氏培养基上的菌落粗糙,可呈菜花状"}, "answer": "耐热,耐紫外线", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "新生儿尤其是早产儿易发生寒冷综合症的病理生理中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体温调节中枢发育不成熟", "B": "皮肤表面积相对较大", "C": "血管丰富", "D": "棕色脂肪含量较多"}, "answer": "棕色脂肪含量较多", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "已婚女性,26岁。1年前行早孕吸宫术,术后反复下腹及腰骶部疼痛,每于经期及劳累后加重,且经量较以往增多,时有低热,1年中未避孕未再受孕。妇科检查:宫颈中度糜烂,子宫后屈,正常大,双侧附件增厚、压痛。患者最可能的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卵巢恶性肿瘤", "B": "子宫内膜异位症", "C": "慢性盆腔炎", "D": "生殖器结核"}, "answer": "子宫内膜异位症", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "房间隔缺损者,胸骨左缘下方听到舒张期杂音,提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺动脉高压", "B": "左向右分流量大", "C": "右室流出道相对狭窄", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "左向右分流量大", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "6岁幼儿,摔倒后肩部疼痛,检查患肩下沉,健手托患侧肘部,患肢活动障碍,头向患侧偏斜,杜加(Dugas)征阴性,最可能的诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "肩关节脱位", "B": "臂丛神经损伤", "C": "锁骨骨折", "D": "桡骨头半脱位"}, "answer": "锁骨骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.可以直接转变为谷氨酸的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "α-酮戊二酸", "B": "乙酰乙酸", "C": "胆汁酸", "D": "琥珀酰CoA"}, "answer": "α-酮戊二酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,3岁,发热半月余,咳嗽、乏力、消瘦、盗汗。查体发现双肺呼吸音粗,X线检查提示为原发综合征,“OT”试验“+++”。2.该患者强化阶段治疗选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "异烟肼+链霉素", "B": "异烟肼+利福平+链霉素", "C": "异烟肼+利福平+乙胺丁醇", "D": "异烟肼+链霉素+乙胺丁醇"}, "answer": "异烟肼+利福平+链霉素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "最易受外界不良因素影响而发生夭折、先天畸形或遗传性疾病的胎龄为(  )。", "options": {"A": "16周内", "B": "12周内", "C": "28周内", "D": "20周内"}, "answer": "12周内", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.血站的设立批准部门(  )。", "options": {"A": "将血液应用于临床,以挽救伤病者的生命,维护其健康", "B": "血站应当为献血者提供各种安全、卫生、便利的条件", "C": "血站应当为献血者提供整洁、安静、美观的环境", "D": "必须经国务院卫生行政部门或者省、自治区、直辖市人民政府卫生行政部门批准"}, "answer": "必须经国务院卫生行政部门或者省、自治区、直辖市人民政府卫生行政部门批准", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于记忆的概念的理解,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是一种很重要的心理过程,贯穿在人的各种心理活动之中", "B": "保持过程体现了人脑对识记材料的主动加工", "C": "对识记的事物不能再认或回忆,只有通过重新学习才能再认或回忆的现象是暂时性遗忘", "D": "直观的、形象的、有意义的材料比抽象的、枯燥的材料识记效果好"}, "answer": "对识记的事物不能再认或回忆,只有通过重新学习才能再认或回忆的现象是暂时性遗忘", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,25岁。主诉心前区疼痛2小时,向左肩放射,吸气时疼痛加重,坐位时减轻,伴有畏寒、发热就诊。查体:血压105/75mmHg,体温38℃,心率110次/分,规则,心脏无杂音,两肺未见异常,有血吸虫病史。心电图示除aVR与V1外各导联ST段抬高。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心肌梗死", "B": "急性心包炎", "C": "心肌梗死伴继发性心包炎", "D": "心肌炎"}, "answer": "急性心包炎", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "引起抗利尿激素分泌最敏感的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "循环血量减少", "B": "血浆晶体渗透压增高", "C": "血浆胶体渗透压增高", "D": "疼痛刺激"}, "answer": "血浆晶体渗透压增高", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,60岁。腹胀痛,腹泻、便秘交替月余,伴里急后重感,无鲜血便。体格检查:腹平软,未及包块,左锁骨上、腹股沟淋巴结未触及。2.进一步检查应首先采用(  )。", "options": {"A": "肛门指检、直肠镜检", "B": "大便常规加涂片", "C": "腹部B超", "D": "钡剂灌肠"}, "answer": "肛门指检、直肠镜检", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,18岁,高中学生,长期以来感头昏脑涨,学习困难,注意力不易集中,精神易疲劳,经长时间休息,不能消除疲劳摩,当参加娱乐活动时,疲劳迅速改善,该病人的诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经衰弱", "B": "焦虑症", "C": "人格障碍", "D": "癔症"}, "answer": "神经衰弱", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男孩,8岁。上课反应迟钝,一般的学习任务难以完成,家长带其来心理门诊就诊。心理治疗师应该首先考虑使用的心理评估工具是(  )。", "options": {"A": "WISC", "B": "SDS", "C": "16PF", "D": "EPQ"}, "answer": "WISC", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列对T细胞表位的描述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "必须要有MHC分子", "B": "表位受体是TCR和BCR", "C": "表位位置是抗原表面", "D": "以上都不对"}, "answer": "必须要有MHC分子", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于同工酶的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "催化相同化学反应且结构相同的一组酶", "B": "催化不同化学反应而结构相同的一组酶", "C": "催化相同化学反应且免疫学性质相同的一组酶", "D": "催化相同化学反应而结构、理化性质、免疫学性质不同的一组酶"}, "answer": "催化相同化学反应而结构、理化性质、免疫学性质不同的一组酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,15岁,无原因出现眼睑及下肢水肿,查血压100/70mmHg,心肺正常,尿蛋白(+++),红细胞0~1个/HP,血浆蛋白30g/L,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾炎", "B": "肾病综合征", "C": "慢性肾炎", "D": "肾淀粉样变"}, "answer": "肾病综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.运输内源性甘油三酯的脂蛋白(  )。", "options": {"A": "极低密度脂蛋白", "B": "低密度脂蛋白", "C": "中间密度脂蛋白", "D": "高密度脂蛋白"}, "answer": "极低密度脂蛋白", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,26岁,8月25日发热。发热1周,热型初不规则,前日发热后,曾自服退烧药,今日又寒战,高热,退热时出汗。体检一般情况好,肝肋下1cm,脾肋下1.5cm,软,化验:白细胞数4.8×109/L,中性粒细胞76%,血涂片找疟原虫一次阴性,血培养阴性,曾患过疟疾及伤寒。此患者可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "钩端螺旋体病", "B": "疟疾", "C": "败血症", "D": "病毒性肝炎"}, "answer": "疟疾", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "为了延长局麻药的局麻作用和减少不良反应,可加用(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素", "B": "去甲肾上腺素", "C": "异丙肾上腺素", "D": "多巴胺"}, "answer": "肾上腺素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有机磷中毒引起的毒蕈碱样症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血压升高", "B": "流涎", "C": "肌束颤动", "D": "休克"}, "answer": "流涎", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿出生后主要造血是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝脏造血", "B": "骨髓造血", "C": "脾脏造血", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "骨髓造血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某单位女职工,在一家医院接受过心理评估与心理治疗。其所在单位领导获悉后想了解该患者的心理问题现状,遂向医院索要心理评估的结果,但被患者的心理医生拒绝。该心理医生所遵循的原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "真诚原则", "B": "客观原则", "C": "回避原则", "D": "保密原则"}, "answer": "保密原则", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "结核菌素皮内试验结果+++,观测局部反应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "硬结平均直径5~10mm", "B": "硬结平均直径10~15mm", "C": "硬结平均直径15~19mm", "D": "硬结平均直径≥20mm"}, "answer": "硬结平均直径≥20mm", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "浆细胞主要存在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸腺", "B": "外周血", "C": "脾及淋巴结", "D": "黏膜相关的淋巴组织"}, "answer": "外周血", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "结核菌素试验72h注射部位出现红肿硬结,直径20mm,并出现水疱、坏死,判断结果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "“-”", "B": "“±”", "C": "“+”", "D": "“+++”"}, "answer": "“+++”", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,35岁。3天前遇雨淋透衣衫。昨起畏寒高热,咳嗽,以干咳为主,偶见带铁锈色黄痰,伴右侧胸痛就诊。体检:急性病容,体温38.9℃。右上肺叩实,闻及支气管呼吸音。心率102次/min,律齐,心音强。3.该病例痰培养细菌对青霉素药物耐药或用药48小时未见效,此时抗菌治疗可选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "万古霉素", "B": "利巴韦林", "C": "红霉素", "D": "头孢噻肟"}, "answer": "头孢噻肟", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.恶化性劳累性心绞痛是(  )。", "options": {"A": "劳累性心绞痛病程在1个月以内", "B": "劳累性心绞痛临床特点1个月以上无变化", "C": "同等程度劳累所诱发的胸痛发作次数增加、严重程度加重及持续时间延长", "D": "劳累性心绞痛病程在3个月以内"}, "answer": "同等程度劳累所诱发的胸痛发作次数增加、严重程度加重及持续时间延长", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.癌(  )。", "options": {"A": "良性间叶性肿瘤", "B": "腺上皮起源的良性肿瘤", "C": "恶性间叶性肿瘤", "D": "恶性上皮性肿瘤"}, "answer": "恶性上皮性肿瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "原位癌是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发部位的癌", "B": "一种晚期癌症", "C": "黏膜鳞状上皮或皮肤表皮层重度非典型性增生,尚未突破基底膜", "D": "皮肤表皮层的癌症,突破基底膜"}, "answer": "黏膜鳞状上皮或皮肤表皮层重度非典型性增生,尚未突破基底膜", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "IgG的生物学作用之一是(  )。", "options": {"A": "与Ag结合后激活补体", "B": "不能透过胎盘", "C": "与Ag作用后,体内最先出现", "D": "其Fc段可以与肥大细胞结合"}, "answer": "与Ag结合后激活补体", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,50岁。颈后肿痛5天,疼痛逐渐加重,伴畏寒、发热。有糖尿病史10年。查体:颈后红肿,范围约5cm,边界不清,中央多个脓点。2.若行切开引流术,下列错误的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "未化脓但颜色已暗紫的组织也要清除", "B": "切口线不宜超过病变边缘", "C": "切口线要深达筋膜", "D": "创面内填塞敷料压迫止血"}, "answer": "切口线不宜超过病变边缘", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,69岁。刺激性咳嗽1个月,发现痰中带血丝1周。无肺部疾病病史,吸烟20年。2.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺癌", "B": "支气管扩张", "C": "肺结核", "D": "急性支气管炎"}, "answer": "肺癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "可分泌胃蛋白酶原的主要细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肥大细胞", "B": "壁细胞", "C": "杯状细胞", "D": "主细胞"}, "answer": "主细胞", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性肾炎患儿,出现心率加快,咳嗽,气急,两肺底可闻及细小湿性啰音,肝脏增大,颈静脉怒张等表现是由于发生了(  )。", "options": {"A": "严重循环充血", "B": "心肌病变导致心力衰竭", "C": "先天性心脏病心力衰竭", "D": "并发重症肺炎"}, "answer": "严重循环充血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "佝偻病性手足搐搦症的治疗步骤应该是(  )。", "options": {"A": "止惊—补钙—维生素D", "B": "补钙—止惊—维生素D", "C": "补钙—维生素D—止惊", "D": "维生素D—补钙—止惊"}, "answer": "止惊—补钙—维生素D", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "慢性粒细胞白血病最突出的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "绿色瘤", "B": "浅表淋巴结肿大", "C": "胸骨压痛", "D": "脾肿大"}, "answer": "脾肿大", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "初孕妇,24岁。妊娠33周。因腹部直接受撞击出现轻微腹痛,伴少量阴道流血,胎心142次/分。恰当的处置是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉滴注止血药物", "B": "卧床休息,给予镇静药观察病情变化", "C": "立即行剖宫产结束妊娠", "D": "立即肛查,了解宫口扩张情况"}, "answer": "卧床休息,给予镇静药观察病情变化", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "诊断婴儿腹泻重度脱水主要依据(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神委靡", "B": "哭无泪,尿量少", "C": "眼眶及前囟凹陷", "D": "皮肤弹性差"}, "answer": "哭无泪,尿量少", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项为菌痢流行间歇期间的重要传染源?(  )", "options": {"A": "轻症病人", "B": "急性期病人", "C": "重症病人", "D": "慢性病人和带菌者"}, "answer": "慢性病人和带菌者", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.参与Ⅰ型超敏反应的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "嗜酸性粒细胞", "B": "中性粒细胞", "C": "淋巴细胞", "D": "树突状细胞"}, "answer": "嗜酸性粒细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,26岁。饱餐后剧烈运动时腹痛2小时,持续性痛,阵发性加剧,脐周伴腰背痛,呕吐频繁,呕吐后症状无缓解,腹肌紧张,脐周有压痛及反跳痛,肠鸣音亢进,有气过水声。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性出血坏死性肠炎", "B": "小肠扭转", "C": "肠系膜血管栓塞", "D": "肠套叠"}, "answer": "小肠扭转", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "泌尿系肿瘤中最常见的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膀胱癌", "B": "肾细胞癌", "C": "肾盂癌", "D": "输尿管癌"}, "answer": "膀胱癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.隐匿、伪造或者擅自销毁医学文书及有关资料,构成犯罪的(  )。", "options": {"A": "责令暂停6个月以上1年以下执业活动", "B": "追究刑事责任", "C": "罚款", "D": "承担赔偿责任"}, "answer": "追究刑事责任", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "双胎妊娠的并发症不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "产程延长", "B": "产后出血", "C": "早产", "D": "巨大胎儿"}, "answer": "巨大胎儿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性脑病综合症最多见的幻觉是(  )。", "options": {"A": "视幻觉", "B": "听幻觉", "C": "视嗅幻觉", "D": "味幻觉"}, "answer": "视幻觉", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,25岁,近年来难以控制地持续服用某种药物,且每次用药量不断增加,不服药或少服药时感到痛苦难忍,因此无法停服此药。1.该患者可能得了什么病(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "抑郁症", "C": "药物依赖", "D": "心因性精神障碍"}, "answer": "药物依赖", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "劳累时有心绞痛及晕厥发作的主动脉瓣狭窄,患者首选治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗凝治疗", "B": "暂不治疗,继续随访", "C": "主动脉瓣瓣膜置换术", "D": "主动脉瓣球囊成形术"}, "answer": "主动脉瓣瓣膜置换术", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4岁男孩,低热半月,伴咳嗽,纳差。查体:体温38.2℃,两侧颈淋巴结肿大.两肺呼吸音粗,心脏腹部无异常,血WBC7.8×109/L,PPD试验72小时,皮肤硬结16mm。胸透:右肺中叶可见密集增深阴影,右肺门有团块状阴影。2.该患儿首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "红霉素静点", "B": "利福平+异烟肼", "C": "链霉素+PAS", "D": "长春新碱+泼尼松"}, "answer": "利福平+异烟肼", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,26岁。2年来反复出现脓血便,抗生素系统治疗无效。结肠镜检查发现病变位于直肠和乙状结肠,黏膜弥漫性充血水肿,颗粒不平、质脆,血管纹理消失,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溃疡性结肠炎", "B": "细菌性痢疾", "C": "克罗恩病", "D": "卵巢癌"}, "answer": "溃疡性结肠炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "腹膜炎的主要标志是(  )。", "options": {"A": "明显的腹胀、腹痛", "B": "腹部移动性浊音", "C": "剧烈的腹绞痛", "D": "腹膜刺激征"}, "answer": "腹膜刺激征", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "属于必需脂肪酸的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生四烯酸", "B": "亚油酸、软脂酸、花生四烯酸", "C": "亚麻酸、硬脂酸、亚油酸", "D": "亚麻酸、亚油酸、软脂酸"}, "answer": "亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生四烯酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "53岁妇女,绝经2年,阴道分泌物增多伴腰痛2个月,偶有少量阴道出血。妇科检查:宫颈结节状增大,直径5cm,质硬,触血(+),左侧主韧带条索状增粗>1/2,右侧主韧带内1/2增粗,均弹性下降。1.确诊的方法首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "盆腔CT检查", "B": "宫颈刮片细胞学检查", "C": "阴道镜下碘试验", "D": "宫颈活组织检查"}, "answer": "宫颈活组织检查", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,50岁。左胸闷气2个月,胸痛20天,夜间重。查体:颜面、颈部及胸壁略肿胀,胸壁静脉曲张,腋下有一拇指大小的淋巴结,无压痛,活动尚好,心率108次/分,律整,左肺呼吸音消失。3.缓解病人呼吸困难采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉注射速效利尿剂", "B": "静脉注射激素类药物", "C": "胸腔排液减压", "D": "合理吸氧"}, "answer": "胸腔排液减压", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为医学模式转变对医务人员提出的要求?(  )", "options": {"A": "建立新的医患关系", "B": "加大继续教育的力度", "C": "改变传统的医德观念", "D": "改变传统的问诊方式"}, "answer": "改变传统的医德观念", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不参与ADCC作用的免疫分子(  )。", "options": {"A": "补体", "B": "Fc受体", "C": "免疫球蛋白", "D": "穿孔素"}, "answer": "补体", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "孕妇感染梅毒的治疗,首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲硝唑", "B": "青霉素", "C": "红霉素", "D": "阿奇霉素"}, "answer": "青霉素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,56岁,活动后气短、乏力伴间断胸部咳嗽、咳少量白黏痰半年。查体未见阳性体征。血常规及胸部X线片未见异常。既往吸烟30年,20支/天。为明确诊断,宜首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "超声心动图", "B": "肺部CT", "C": "肺功能", "D": "支气管镜"}, "answer": "肺功能", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对疑似甲类传染病患者予以隔离所体现的公共卫生伦理原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "社会公益原则", "B": "互助协同原则", "C": "信息公开原则", "D": "全社会参与原则"}, "answer": "社会公益原则", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,56岁。乏力、食欲减退、恶心、消瘦1个月。乙型肝炎病史10年。查体:皮肤巩膜无黄染,腹软,剑突下压痛,肝肋下3cm,可触及质硬的结节,Murphy征阴性,移动性浊音阳性。1.为了明确肝脏结节性质,最有诊断价值的肿瘤标志物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CA125", "B": "CK19", "C": "AFP", "D": "CA19-9"}, "answer": "AFP", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.哪项是合成酮体的关键酶?(  )", "options": {"A": "HMGCoA合成酶", "B": "己糖激酶", "C": "琥珀酰CoA转硫酶", "D": "HMGCoA还原酶"}, "answer": "HMGCoA合成酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "兴奋性是指可兴奋细胞对刺激产生(  )。", "options": {"A": "反射", "B": "反应", "C": "兴奋", "D": "抑制"}, "answer": "兴奋", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,67岁吸烟者。家属发现患者呼之不应半小时急送医院。有COPD病史30余年。查体:BP 150/50mmHg,浅昏迷状,球结膜水肿。双肺可闻及干湿啰音,A220mm"}, "answer": "5~9mm,3~5天后反应消失", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "全子宫切除时无需切断的韧带是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫主韧带", "B": "骨盆漏斗韧带", "C": "宫骶韧带", "D": "卵巢固有韧带"}, "answer": "骨盆漏斗韧带", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "恶性骨肿瘤与良性骨肿瘤的区别,下列哪项不对?(  )", "options": {"A": "恶性骨肿瘤几乎都有局部疼痛,良性骨肿瘤多无疼痛", "B": "恶性骨肿瘤发展迅速,良性骨肿瘤生长缓慢", "C": "恶性骨肿瘤可有远隔转移,良性骨肿瘤无", "D": "恶性骨肿瘤可发生病理骨折,良性骨肿瘤不发生"}, "answer": "恶性骨肿瘤可发生病理骨折,良性骨肿瘤不发生", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "治疗支气管哮喘最有效的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "布地奈德", "B": "色甘酸钠", "C": "曲尼司特", "D": "氨茶碱"}, "answer": "布地奈德", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列致病因素不引起人体感染的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "真菌", "B": "原虫", "C": "毒素", "D": "朊毒体"}, "answer": "毒素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于防治气性坏疽的叙述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "感染早期可用多价抗毒素血清及高压氧舱", "B": "对战士、民工等用类毒素预防", "C": "肌肉注射青霉素", "D": "严格隔离病人,对所用器械辅料彻底灭菌"}, "answer": "对战士、民工等用类毒素预防", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "卫生服务需求形式的条件是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消费者的便利程度和购买愿望", "B": "消费者的购买愿望和服务提供者的水平", "C": "消费者的支付能力和便利程度", "D": "消费者的购买愿望和支付能力"}, "answer": "消费者的购买愿望和支付能力", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,25岁。四肢皮肤瘀斑2周。血常规:Hb 80g/L,RBC 2.6×1012/L,WBC 1.5×109/L,PLT 5×109/L,Ret 0.004。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Evans综合征", "B": "特发性血小板减少性紫癜", "C": "阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿", "D": "再生障碍性贫血"}, "answer": "再生障碍性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "胰头癌常见的首发临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "黄疸", "B": "稀便", "C": "上腹隐痛", "D": "皮肤瘙痒"}, "answer": "上腹隐痛", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.丘疹、水疱、结痂同时存在(  )。", "options": {"A": "幼儿急疹", "B": "风疹", "C": "猩红热", "D": "水痘"}, "answer": "水痘", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是形成高带免疫耐受的细胞?(  )", "options": {"A": "T细胞", "B": "B细胞", "C": "T和B细胞", "D": "NK细胞"}, "answer": "T和B细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.烧、烫伤的水疱(  )。", "options": {"A": "以血浆渗出为主的炎症", "B": "以纤维蛋白渗出为主的炎症", "C": "以局限性化脓为主的炎症", "D": "以中性粒细胞浸润为主的炎症"}, "answer": "以血浆渗出为主的炎症", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,68岁。反复咳嗽、咳痰25年,喘憋伴间断下肢水肿9年。体检:血压145/90mmHg,双肺可闻及湿啰音。心电图检查见:Ⅱ、Ⅲ导联P波振幅为0.26mV;Ⅵ导联P波直立,振幅为0.2mV,P波宽度均正常,最可能的心电图诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右心房扩大", "B": "右心室肥大", "C": "左心室肥大", "D": "室间隔肥厚"}, "answer": "右心房扩大", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "T细胞分化成熟的场所是(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋巴结", "B": "胸腺", "C": "脾脏", "D": "粘膜淋巴组织"}, "answer": "胸腺", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "CD8+Tc细胞活化的第一信号是(  )。", "options": {"A": "TCR识别自身MHC-I靶细胞表面的肽Ag", "B": "CD8+Tc表达IFNγ受体", "C": "CD8+Tc表达IL-2受体", "D": "协同刺激因子在靶细胞表面的表达"}, "answer": "TCR识别自身MHC-I靶细胞表面的肽Ag", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于共价修饰调节的叙述正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "该酶在细胞内合成或初分泌时,没有酶活性", "B": "代谢物作用于酶的别位,引起酶构象改变", "C": "该酶是在其他酶作用下,某些特殊基团进行可逆共价修饰", "D": "调节过程无逐级放大作用"}, "answer": "该酶是在其他酶作用下,某些特殊基团进行可逆共价修饰", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于铁吸收的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃大部切除术后胃内铁吸收减少", "B": "大量饮茶可增加食物中铁的吸收", "C": "二价铁较三价铁易吸收", "D": "维生素C不利于食物中铁的吸收"}, "answer": "二价铁较三价铁易吸收", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肠伤寒坏死灶的主要部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "黏膜下层", "B": "皱襞内", "C": "淋巴组织内", "D": "黏膜层"}, "answer": "淋巴组织内", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肉芽组织的作用不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗感染创面", "B": "填补创口和组织缺损", "C": "机化渗出物", "D": "连接组织缺损,保持器官完整性"}, "answer": "连接组织缺损,保持器官完整性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,18岁。反复喘息发作2年,常在春季发病,表现为突然发作呼吸困难,每次发作1~2小时,经咳出白色黏痰后症状缓解,血象检查:嗜酸性粒细胞增多,IgE增高,X线胸片正常,应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管哮喘", "B": "急性左心衰竭", "C": "复发性多软骨炎", "D": "慢性支气管炎"}, "answer": "支气管哮喘", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肩周炎是自限性疾病,一般恢复时间需要(  )。", "options": {"A": "3个月左右", "B": "1年左右", "C": "2年左右", "D": "3年左右"}, "answer": "1年左右", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "子宫颈原位癌与不典型增生的鉴别主要在于原位癌(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞排列极性消失", "B": "细胞具有异型性", "C": "细胞增生活跃,层数增多", "D": "累及上皮全层"}, "answer": "累及上皮全层", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "特发性面神经麻痹不应有的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "额纹消失", "B": "耳后或下颌角后疼痛", "C": "舌前2/3味觉障碍", "D": "外耳道或鼓膜出现疼痛疱疹"}, "answer": "外耳道或鼓膜出现疼痛疱疹", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "阿托品对哪一种平滑肌的松弛作用最强?(  )", "options": {"A": "胃肠道", "B": "输尿管", "C": "支气管", "D": "胆管"}, "answer": "胃肠道", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "治疗偏头痛发作,应选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "普萘洛尔", "B": "硝苯地平", "C": "咖啡因麦角胺", "D": "甲基麦角酸丁醇酰胺"}, "answer": "咖啡因麦角胺", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "合并肺部感染的重症肌无力病人,针对其肺部感染,应选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "链霉素", "B": "四环素", "C": "庆大霉素", "D": "青霉素"}, "answer": "青霉素", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "形成低带免疫耐受的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "T、B细胞", "B": "T细胞", "C": "B细胞", "D": "NK细胞"}, "answer": "T细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗弥漫性血管内凝血时,监测肝素用量的试验是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血小板计数", "B": "3P试验", "C": "APTT(激活的部分凝血活酶时间)", "D": "纤维蛋白原定量"}, "answer": "APTT(激活的部分凝血活酶时间)", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不参与I型超敏反应的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "嗜碱性粒细胞", "B": "肥大细胞", "C": "血小板", "D": "嗜酸性粒细胞"}, "answer": "血小板", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "CO中毒时下述哪一项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "老人和孩子易患", "B": "严重中毒血液COHb浓度可高于50%", "C": "应立即原地抢救", "D": "迟发脑病恢复较慢"}, "answer": "应立即原地抢救", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.患儿,9岁,发热、咽痛1日就诊。查体:体温38.9℃,咽部充血,双扁桃腺肿大Ⅱ°,有脓性分泌物,舌红,乳头粗,颈部及躯干见红色鸡皮疹,压之退血,腋窝处明显,心肺正常(  )。", "options": {"A": "风疹", "B": "麻疹", "C": "幼儿急疹", "D": "猩红热"}, "answer": "猩红热", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "哪种影像的钼靶X线摄片不支持乳腺癌(  )。", "options": {"A": "边界不规则", "B": "毛刺征", "C": "钙化影粗大而分散", "D": "颗粒细小的钙化影"}, "answer": "钙化影粗大而分散", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "梗死呈节段状的器官是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小肠", "B": "心", "C": "脾", "D": "脑"}, "answer": "小肠", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列关于想象与表象的关系不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "想象是对已储存的表象的加工改造", "B": "想象的内容的来源不是客观现实,而是表象", "C": "想象不是表象的简单再现", "D": "已有的表象是想象的基础"}, "answer": "想象的内容的来源不是客观现实,而是表象", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,58岁。发热,左胸痛3天。查体:T 37.5℃,BP 150/90mmHg,左下肺呼吸音减弱,可闻及双相摩擦音,心率100次/分。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎", "B": "心肌梗死", "C": "肺栓塞", "D": "胸膜炎"}, "answer": "胸膜炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医师在执业活动中发生医疗事故不按规定报告的,应给予的处罚是(  )。", "options": {"A": "行政罚款处罚", "B": "暂停1~6个月的执业活动", "C": "暂停6~12个月的执业活动", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "暂停6~12个月的执业活动", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.新生儿败血症并发中毒性肠麻痹的表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "黄疸、肝脾增大、出血倾向、休克等", "B": "皮肤黏膜淤点淤斑、针眼渗血不止、消化道出血、肺出血等", "C": "腹胀、呕吐、肠鸣音减弱等", "D": "惊厥、昏迷、前囟紧张等"}, "answer": "腹胀、呕吐、肠鸣音减弱等", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "易侵犯中枢神经系统的白血病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性粒细胞白血病", "B": "急性单核细胞白血病", "C": "急性早幼粒细胞白血病", "D": "急性淋巴细胞自血病"}, "answer": "急性淋巴细胞自血病", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者32岁,12月末发病,头痛、发热、恶心、呕吐,腰痛4天,查体:面色潮红,结膜充血,腋下可见点状出血,化验:白细胞15×109/L,中性粒72%,淋巴细胞20%,异淋8%,尿蛋白(+++),已确诊为肾综合征出血热。3.如果分期此时哪项分期更准确?(  )", "options": {"A": "发热期", "B": "发热末期", "C": "少尿初期", "D": "移行期"}, "answer": "发热末期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "《执业医师法》规定对考核不合格的医师,卫生行政部门可以责令其暂停执业活动,并接受培训和继续医学教育。暂停期限是3个月至(  )。", "options": {"A": "5个月", "B": "6个月", "C": "7个月", "D": "8个月"}, "answer": "6个月", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列细菌中哪种最常引起医院感染?(  )", "options": {"A": "伤寒沙门菌", "B": "结核分枝杆菌", "C": "耐药性金黄色葡萄球菌", "D": "乙型溶血性链球菌"}, "answer": "耐药性金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "艾滋病患者机会性感染最常见的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "巨细胞病毒性视网膜炎", "B": "肺孢子菌肺炎", "C": "卡波西肉瘤", "D": "口腔念珠菌病"}, "answer": "肺孢子菌肺炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,67岁,慢性咳嗽,咳少量白痰,活动后气短3年,近2月气短加重,痰量较多,为脓性痰。查体:口唇轻度发绀,双下肺可闻及Velcro音,有杵状指。根据以上病史,症状和体征特点,对该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋巴样间质性肺炎", "B": "特发性肺间质纤维化", "C": "巨细胞型间质性肺炎", "D": "慢阻肺"}, "answer": "特发性肺间质纤维化", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5岁患者,8月15日开始发热,伴头痛、恶心,呕吐1次,次日稀便3次,精神不振,抽搐1次。查体:急性热病容,嗜睡状,颈强直(+),克氏征(++)。血常规:血细胞15.0 ×2.该患儿住院两天后,高热不退,反复抽搐,意识不清,呼吸节律不规整,双侧瞳孔不等大,此时重要的抢救措施是立即应用(  )。", "options": {"A": "脱水剂", "B": "呼吸兴奋剂", "C": "地塞米松", "D": "镇静剂"}, "answer": "脱水剂", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.颈椎病(  )。", "options": {"A": "肩关节外展受限", "B": "肩部疼痛、无活动受限", "C": "肘关节外侧疼痛", "D": "Finkelstein试验阳性"}, "answer": "肩部疼痛、无活动受限", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男孩,10岁,因2天来发热,1天来头痛、神志不清于7月25日入院。高热,头痛,抽搐3次后神志不清。查:T40℃,BP 140/80mmHg,神志不清,全身散在瘀点,颈抵抗,克氏征及巴氏征均阳性。脑脊液检查颅压240mmH2O,外观混浊,WBC 1200×106/L,蛋白质1.5g/L,糖1.5mmol/L,氯化物100mmol/L。此病人最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "B": "流脑暴发型", "C": "流行性乙型脑炎", "D": "中毒型菌痢"}, "answer": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.细菌的增殖方式为(  )。", "options": {"A": "复制增殖", "B": "二分裂方式增殖", "C": "分枝生长方式增殖", "D": "有性增殖"}, "answer": "二分裂方式增殖", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不属于细胞免疫效应的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗肿瘤", "B": "引起同种移植物的排斥", "C": "发生ADCC", "D": "引起DTH"}, "answer": "发生ADCC", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "最易引发病理性缩复环的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "双胎妊娠", "B": "前置胎盘", "C": "重度先兆子痫", "D": "嵌顿性肩先露"}, "answer": "嵌顿性肩先露", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于肾绞痛的描述,以下哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "疼痛是绞痛,呈阵发性、剧烈难忍", "B": "也可表现为较长时间的腰区难忍的酸痛", "C": "可向会阴部放射", "D": "无恶心、呕吐"}, "answer": "无恶心、呕吐", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,26岁,生活懒散,面无表情,父母来看他,从不称呼父母更无问候言语,只顾埋头吃零食,视父母兄妹如陌生人,该症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "情感迟钝", "B": "情感淡漠", "C": "情感低落", "D": "情感倒错"}, "answer": "情感淡漠", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于免疫耐受的形成错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胚胎期建立的耐受不能持久", "B": "后天建立的耐受只持续一段时间", "C": "血型嵌合体是1945年Owen发现的", "D": "新生儿期较易建立耐受"}, "answer": "胚胎期建立的耐受不能持久", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,44岁。建筑工人,6小时前不慎从高处坠落摔伤,腰部疼痛,活动受限,不能独立行走。3.为明确神经损伤情况,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CT", "B": "MRI", "C": "BCT", "D": "B超"}, "answer": "MRI", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.根据功能可将T细胞分为(  )。", "options": {"A": "αβT细胞和γδT细胞", "B": "初始T细胞和记忆性T细胞", "C": "Th、Ts、Tc和TDTH细胞", "D": "CD4+T细胞和CD8+T细胞"}, "answer": "Th、Ts、Tc和TDTH细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "属于红细胞破坏过多的贫血是(  )。", "options": {"A": "巨幼细胞性贫血", "B": "骨髓病性贫血", "C": "铁粒幼细胞性贫血", "D": "珠蛋白生成障碍性贫血"}, "answer": "珠蛋白生成障碍性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.符合分裂症诊断标准,以思维贫乏,情感冷漠等阴性症状为主,从无明显的阳性症状。起病隐袭,病程至少2年的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "偏执型分裂症", "B": "单纯型分裂症", "C": "妄想性障碍", "D": "急性短暂性精神障碍"}, "answer": "单纯型分裂症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "B细胞表面最重要的协同刺激分子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CDl9", "B": "CD20", "C": "CD35", "D": "CD40"}, "answer": "CD40", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,34岁。咯鲜血半小时。就诊时仍有鲜血咯出,无咳嗽及呼吸困难。既往有类似情况出现,自行停止,否认慢性心肺疾病病史。查体:双肺呼吸音清晰,胸部X线片未见异常。为明确诊断,首先应进行的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上呼吸道检查", "B": "支气管镜", "C": "支气管动脉造影", "D": "胸部CT"}, "answer": "胸部CT", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "应用糖皮质激素治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜,以下说法正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主要作用是抑制抗原抗体生成", "B": "能使血小板数迅速上升", "C": "控制出血的作用明显", "D": "血小板正常后应立即停药"}, "answer": "控制出血的作用明显", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,57岁。酒精性肝硬化15年。1个月前出现右上腹胀痛,低热,体重下降。最可能诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝脓肿", "B": "肝囊肿", "C": "原发性肝癌", "D": "胃癌"}, "answer": "原发性肝癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "母乳性黄疸的特点,下列哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "多于生后3~8天出现黄疸", "B": "胆红素在停止哺乳24~72小时后即下降", "C": "食欲差,体重不增", "D": "继续哺乳1~3个月胆红素亦降至正常"}, "answer": "食欲差,体重不增", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "滴虫性阴道炎的传播方式不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "性交传播", "B": "公共浴池传播", "C": "母婴垂直传播", "D": "不洁器械和敷料传播"}, "answer": "母婴垂直传播", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "25岁男性,右股骨干骨折已一年半,目前仍有短缩畸形和反常活动,X线片示两骨折端已被硬化骨封闭,目前应采取的治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "手法复位,石膏外固定", "B": "手法复位,牵引固定", "C": "加强营养,促进骨愈合", "D": "手术切除硬化骨,植骨加钢板固定,加牢固外固定"}, "answer": "手术切除硬化骨,植骨加钢板固定,加牢固外固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,45岁。甲状腺癌根治术后1天。感觉面部针刺样麻木,间断手足抽搐。正确的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服葡萄糖酸钙", "B": "静脉注射钙剂", "C": "气管切开", "D": "伤口切开"}, "answer": "静脉注射钙剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,50岁,有高血压病史5年,因近期未按时服药,近日出现明显头痛、烦躁、心悸多汗、面色苍白、视力模糊,测血压为230/130mmHg。1.可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "恶性高血压", "B": "嗜铬细胞瘤", "C": "高血压危象", "D": "高血压脑病"}, "answer": "高血压危象", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "子痫发作时,孕妇的直接死亡原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏病", "B": "脑出血", "C": "Ⅲ度胎盘早剥", "D": "急性重型肝炎"}, "answer": "脑出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.盐析分离蛋白质的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋白质紫外吸收的最大波长280nm", "B": "蛋白质是两性电解质", "C": "蛋白质分子大小不同", "D": "蛋白质溶液为亲水胶体"}, "answer": "蛋白质溶液为亲水胶体", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列属于必需脂肪酸的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "亚麻酸", "B": "硬脂酸", "C": "油酸", "D": "十二碳脂肪酸"}, "answer": "亚麻酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "管理本行政区域内医师工作的机构是(  )。", "options": {"A": "县级以上人民政府卫生行政部门", "B": "县级以上人民政府工商行政部门", "C": "县级以上人民政府劳动人事部门", "D": "各级医师协会"}, "answer": "县级以上人民政府卫生行政部门", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "哪个年龄期,外周血中T细胞绝对数达成人水平?(  )", "options": {"A": "新生儿期", "B": "学龄前期", "C": "幼儿期", "D": "学龄期"}, "answer": "新生儿期", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,35岁,已婚。因尿道口有脓性分泌物到医院就诊,被诊断为淋病。1.根据《传染病防治法》对传染病分类的规定,该患者所患疾病属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "按乙类管理的丙类传染病", "B": "丙类传染病", "C": "甲类传染病", "D": "乙类传染病"}, "answer": "乙类传染病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "DNA复制时,以序列5′→TAGA-3′为模板合成的互补结构是(  )。", "options": {"A": "5′-TCTA-3′", "B": "5′-ATCT-3′", "C": "5′-AUCU-3′", "D": "5′-UCUA-3′"}, "answer": "5′-TCTA-3′", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "现代医学伦理学的观点认为死亡是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人的生命活动的终止", "B": "人的本质特征的消失", "C": "人的机体完整性解体", "D": "人的心跳呼吸停止"}, "answer": "人的本质特征的消失", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胃溃疡常好发于(  )。", "options": {"A": "贲门部", "B": "胃底部", "C": "胃大弯", "D": "胃小弯"}, "answer": "胃小弯", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,72岁。发作性关节肿痛2年。查体:左膝关节红肿、压痛,浮髌试验阳性。实验室检查:血沉45mm/L,血尿酸增高。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "痛风性关节炎", "B": "感染性关节炎", "C": "反应性关节炎", "D": "银屑病关节炎"}, "answer": "痛风性关节炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不是A型行为特征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脾气急躁", "B": "争强好胜", "C": "对人有敌意", "D": "对环境强烈不满"}, "answer": "对环境强烈不满", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "长期采用全胃肠外营养,理想静脉为(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈内或锁骨下静脉", "B": "颈外静脉", "C": "大隐静脉", "D": "上肢静脉"}, "answer": "颈内或锁骨下静脉", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "哪项是自然感染结核病后结核菌素反应阳性可持续的时间?(  )", "options": {"A": "1~3年", "B": "3~4年", "C": "5~10年", "D": "10年以上"}, "answer": "10年以上", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于三羧酸循环过程的叙述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "循环1周生成4对NADH", "B": "循环1周可生成分子2ATP", "C": "循环过程中消耗氧分子", "D": "循环1周生成2分子CO2"}, "answer": "循环1周生成2分子CO2", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "子宫内膜异位症的临床特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "痛经程度与病变范围成正比", "B": "继发性痛经,进行性加重", "C": "均存在卵巢囊肿内陈旧性出血", "D": "雌激素治疗有助于改善症状"}, "answer": "继发性痛经,进行性加重", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.霍乱的主要病变部位(  )。", "options": {"A": "小肠", "B": "回肠末端", "C": "盲肠、升结肠", "D": "直肠、乙状结肠"}, "answer": "小肠", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "常用减毒活疫苗预防的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "破伤风百日咳", "B": "白喉乙型肝炎", "C": "脊髓灰质炎结核病", "D": "流行性乙型脑炎腮腺炎"}, "answer": "脊髓灰质炎结核病", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "婴儿出现无胆汁的喷射性呕吐、胃肠蠕动波和右上腹肿块,首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "幽门痉挛", "B": "先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄", "C": "胃食管反流病", "D": "胃扭转"}, "answer": "先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "骨肉瘤的典型临床表现不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "早期肺转移", "B": "骨膜下三角形新生骨(Codman三角)", "C": "为一密度减低的阴影,病灶内有钙化斑点或絮状斑片", "D": "多见于年轻人"}, "answer": "为一密度减低的阴影,病灶内有钙化斑点或絮状斑片", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,4个月。双胎之小,单纯母乳喂养,面色苍白,食欲减退2个月。查体:肤色苍白,肝肋下3.5cm,脾肋下1.5cm。血Hb80g/L,RBC3.3×1012/L,MCV60fl,MCH24pg,MCHC25%,PLT、WBC正常。2.经有效治疗后,首先出现的变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血红蛋白上升", "B": "细胞内含铁酶活性开始恢复", "C": "红细胞游离原卟啉上升", "D": "网织红细胞上升"}, "answer": "细胞内含铁酶活性开始恢复", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,26岁,头痛2个月,加重伴呕吐及左侧肢体无力1周。查体:双侧视乳头水肿,左侧鼻唇沟变浅,左侧肢体肌力Ⅳ级,左下肢可引出Babinski征。4.降低颅压的措施中,哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "大量腰穿放液", "B": "静点甘露醇", "C": "静点地塞米松", "D": "限制入量"}, "answer": "大量腰穿放液", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "慢性肾炎的基本病理变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新月体形成", "B": "肾小球纤维化硬化,玻璃样变", "C": "内皮细胞增生为主", "D": "脏层上皮增生为主"}, "answer": "肾小球纤维化硬化,玻璃样变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,3岁,已确诊为单纯性肾病,下述检查除哪一项外均符合该诊断?(  )", "options": {"A": "呈选择性蛋白尿", "B": "血浆清蛋白明显下降,α2球蛋白及γ球蛋白明显增高", "C": "血清胆固醇明显增高", "D": "血沉明显增快"}, "answer": "血浆清蛋白明显下降,α2球蛋白及γ球蛋白明显增高", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "正常成人的血液总量约相当于体重的(  )。", "options": {"A": "8%", "B": "10%", "C": "12%", "D": "15%"}, "answer": "8%", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "左侧大脑皮层中央后回受损,引起躯体感觉障碍的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左半身", "B": "右半身", "C": "右侧头面部", "D": "双侧肢体"}, "answer": "右半身", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "乙型肝炎病人血中HBeAg阳性,一般认为(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人进入恢复期,无传染性", "B": "病人血中Dane颗粒较多,传染性较大", "C": "病人血中Dane颗粒较少,传染性较小", "D": "病情易进展为肝硬化"}, "answer": "病人血中Dane颗粒较多,传染性较大", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肌注阿托品治疗有机磷农药中毒引起口干,此种现象称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "变态反应", "B": "后遗效应", "C": "副作用", "D": "治疗作用"}, "answer": "副作用", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "60岁男性,活动中突感眩晕,头痛,呕吐,步行不稳,20分钟后昏迷,呼吸节律不整,诊断为脑出血,其部位为(  )。", "options": {"A": "小脑", "B": "脑桥", "C": "基底节", "D": "脑室"}, "answer": "小脑", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "腺垂体合成和分泌的促甲状腺激素(TSH)(  )。", "options": {"A": "分泌释放到血液中分布至全身", "B": "直接分泌到甲状腺中,只在甲状腺内发现", "C": "经特定血管系统输送到甲状腺组织中", "D": "为甲状腺组织主动摄取而甲状腺内浓度较高"}, "answer": "分泌释放到血液中分布至全身", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪类药物具有改善肾功能、心功能,逆转心脏肥大,并能明显降低病死率的作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "钙拮抗剂", "B": "可乐宁(可乐定)等中枢性降压药", "C": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制药", "D": "神经节阻断药"}, "answer": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制药", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,34岁。因低热、腹痛诊断为结核性腹膜炎,近日来呕吐、腹胀、未解大便。查体:肠鸣音亢进。最可能的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠梗阻", "B": "中毒性肠麻痹", "C": "肠出血", "D": "盆腔脓肿"}, "answer": "肠梗阻", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,40岁。发热咳嗽、咳痰2周,近2周来咳大量脓性臭痰,量约200ml/d。体检:体温40℃,右下肺叩诊呈浊音,可闻及湿啰音,杵状指(+)。应考虑的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肺脓肿", "B": "肺炎球菌肺炎", "C": "支气管扩张", "D": "肺癌"}, "answer": "急性肺脓肿", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列含锌最丰富的食物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鱼贝类", "B": "海带", "C": "木耳", "D": "绿色蔬菜"}, "answer": "鱼贝类", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于细胞水肿下列叙述中哪一项是错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "胞浆疏松并透明", "B": "细胞膜受损,钠泵功能障碍所致", "C": "胞核淡染或稍大,有时不清", "D": "继续发展,可形成玻璃样变"}, "answer": "继续发展,可形成玻璃样变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,36岁,心悸、怕热、手颤乏力一年,大便不成形,日3~4次,体重下降11公斤,查体:脉搏90次/分,血压128/90mmHg,皮肤潮湿,双手细颤,双眼突出,甲状腺弥漫Ⅱ度肿大,可闻及血管杂音,心率104次/分,律不齐,心音强弱不等,腹平软,肝脾肋下未及,双下肢无水肿。3.本患者治疗首选的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙硫氧嘧啶", "B": "立即行甲状腺大部分切除", "C": "核素131I", "D": "心得安"}, "answer": "丙硫氧嘧啶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.病人觉得周围人说话指桑骂槐,含沙射影,都是针对他的(  )。", "options": {"A": "被害妄想", "B": "夸大妄想", "C": "关系妄想", "D": "自罪妄想"}, "answer": "关系妄想", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.形态细长呈弧状,革兰阴性,有鞭毛的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "流感嗜血杆菌", "B": "白喉棒状杆菌", "C": "军团菌", "D": "幽门螺杆菌"}, "answer": "幽门螺杆菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.原发性醛固酮增多症治疗用(  )。", "options": {"A": "螺内酯", "B": "酚苄明", "C": "酮康唑", "D": "米托坦"}, "answer": "螺内酯", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,25岁,发现血尿、蛋白尿2年。查体:BP 150/90mmHg,双下肢无水肿。实验室检查:尿蛋白定量0.5~0.8g/d,尿RBC 5~10/HP,血Cr 125μmol/L,血胆固醇6.0mmol/L。B超表示双肾大小正常。3.该患者最重要的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "控制血脂", "B": "消除血尿", "C": "控制血压", "D": "低蛋白饮食"}, "answer": "控制血压", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一女病员因不孕症、闭经、伴厌食、消瘦就诊。妇科作了各种常规检查后.决定行腹腔镜检查,通知病人准备。病人不知该检查如何作.便随医生进入处置室检查。检查中发现作了切口。病人及家属均不满意开刀,向院方提出赔偿要求。行腹腔镜检查如何决定为合理?(  )", "options": {"A": "必须征得患者同意", "B": "可以征得患者同意", "C": "可以由医生决定", "D": "可以由医院或科室决定"}, "answer": "必须征得患者同意", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.对各型癫痫都有效的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙琥胺", "B": "苯妥英钠", "C": "氯硝西泮", "D": "卡马西平"}, "answer": "氯硝西泮", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "栓塞类型中最常见的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "气体", "B": "羊水", "C": "血栓", "D": "脂肪"}, "answer": "血栓", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.绞窄性疝(  )。", "options": {"A": "疝内容物易回纳入腹腔", "B": "疝内容物不能完全回纳入腹腔", "C": "疝内容物有动脉性血循环障碍", "D": "疝内容为部分肠壁不能还纳时"}, "answer": "疝内容物有动脉性血循环障碍", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "流行性出血热典型病例临床五期经过依次为(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热期、低血压休克期、多尿期、少尿期、恢复期", "B": "发热期、少尿期、低血压休克期、多尿期、恢复期", "C": "发热期、少尿期、多尿期、低血压休克期、恢复期", "D": "发热期、低血压休克期、少尿期、多尿期、恢复期"}, "answer": "发热期、低血压休克期、少尿期、多尿期、恢复期", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "硫脲类治疗甲状腺功能亢进的机制(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制甲状腺激素的生物合成", "B": "抑制甲状腺素的释放", "C": "抑制TSH分泌", "D": "抑制TG水解"}, "answer": "抑制甲状腺激素的生物合成", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性心肌梗死患者,疑有早期心源性休克末梢循环改变,血压12/9.3kPa(90/70mmHg),尿比重1.016,中心静脉压13cm H2O。治疗时应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素", "B": "低分子右旋糖酐", "C": "毛花苷C", "D": "硝苯地平"}, "answer": "低分子右旋糖酐", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "顾某,男,30岁,创伤出血住院,医师为他输血,感染HIV。经查,用血由国家批准的血站提供,再查献血者为HIV阳性者。按《献血法》的规定,应承担法律责任的直接责任者是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医师", "B": "献血者", "C": "血站", "D": "血站与医院"}, "answer": "血站", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者朱某因阑尾炎住院,医生甲认为应当立即手术,朱某不同意,要求保守治疗。至第二天晚间,发生阑尾炎穿孔,急行手术。术者医生乙告知患者,由于没及时手术,已形成严重腹膜炎,后遗症难免。术后几天中,朱某一直腹痛。主治医生丙认为是腹膜炎所致,未予特殊处理。后发现是腹内遗留一把止血钳所致。2.对造成术后腹痛这一后果应承担责任的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "医生甲", "B": "患者朱某", "C": "术者乙", "D": "主治医生丙"}, "answer": "术者乙", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.哪项是酮体利用的关键酶?(  )", "options": {"A": "HMGCoA合成酶", "B": "己糖激酶", "C": "琥珀酰CoA转硫酶", "D": "乙酰CoA羧化酶"}, "answer": "琥珀酰CoA转硫酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "第一产程活跃期的减速期是指宫口扩张(  )。", "options": {"A": "9~10cm", "B": "7~10cm", "C": "5~10cm", "D": "8~10cm"}, "answer": "9~10cm", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "脑器质性精神障碍的病理改变大多是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑萎缩和变性", "B": "脑肿瘤", "C": "脑中毒", "D": "脑外伤"}, "answer": "脑萎缩和变性", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,55岁,近1个月来头痛、乏力、早醒、坐立不安、常担心家人会出事,怀疑自己得了不治之症,给家庭带来麻烦,悲观失望。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "焦虑症", "B": "抑郁症", "C": "疑病性神经症", "D": "癔症"}, "answer": "焦虑症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "非特异性感染不应出现的病理改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血管通透性增加", "B": "调理素释放不足", "C": "干酪样坏死", "D": "形成抗原抗体复合物"}, "answer": "干酪样坏死", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "手外伤后创口出血,在转送途中,首先采用的止血方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "患肢抬高", "B": "手压法", "C": "缚止血带", "D": "局部加压包扎"}, "answer": "局部加压包扎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "常伴有AFP升高的卵巢肿瘤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颗粒细胞瘤", "B": "成熟畸胎瘤", "C": "上皮性肿瘤", "D": "卵黄囊瘤"}, "answer": "卵黄囊瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪一种疾病抗人球蛋白试验阳性?(  )", "options": {"A": "海洋性贫血", "B": "6-磷酸葡萄脱氢酶(G-6-PD)缺乏症", "C": "阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿", "D": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血"}, "answer": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不属于轮状病毒特点的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "电镜下呈车轮状形态", "B": "主要经粪口途径传播", "C": "可引起急性出血性结膜炎", "D": "可引起婴幼儿腹泻"}, "answer": "可引起急性出血性结膜炎", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.以躁狂和抑郁症状迅速交替(数小时内)为特征,躁狂、抑郁均突出,至少持续2周(  )。", "options": {"A": "环性心境障碍", "B": "恶劣心境障碍", "C": "双相障碍混合性发作", "D": "躁狂发作"}, "answer": "双相障碍混合性发作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "针对有幻觉妄想及情感平淡、意志减退的患者,宜选用的非经典抗精神病药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯丙嗪", "B": "地西泮", "C": "氟哌啶醇", "D": "利培酮"}, "answer": "利培酮", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "胆囊切除术中需探查胆总管的指征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆囊明显增厚", "B": "胆总管直径>1cm", "C": "胆囊结石超过2cm", "D": "胆囊结石伴有胆囊息肉"}, "answer": "胆总管直径>1cm", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "健康体检时,胸部X线片发现肺内靠近胸膜的孤立性小结节,此时应首先进行的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "定期复查胸部X线片", "B": "支气管镜", "C": "痰细胞学", "D": "胸部CT"}, "answer": "胸部CT", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者女性,40岁,右乳房内上象限有4cm×4.5cm肿块,皮肤略回缩、基底不固定,腋下触及2.5cm×1.5cm和2.0cm×1.5cm淋巴结2个,质硬、尚活动。细胞学检查为硬癌,病情应属于哪一期?(  )", "options": {"A": "第一期", "B": "第二期", "C": "第三期", "D": "第四期"}, "answer": "第二期", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于强心苷,哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "有负性频率作用", "B": "有正性心肌舒张功能", "C": "有正性肌力作用", "D": "安全范围小"}, "answer": "有正性心肌舒张功能", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.幽门梗阻严重呕吐病人应注意防治(  )。", "options": {"A": "高钾血症", "B": "高钙血症", "C": "高镁血症", "D": "低钾血症"}, "answer": "低钾血症", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不属于临产开始标志的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "规律宫缩", "B": "宫颈扩张", "C": "见红", "D": "胎先露部下降"}, "answer": "见红", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "浆细胞主要存在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓", "B": "脾及淋巴结", "C": "黏膜相关的淋巴细胞", "D": "外周血"}, "answer": "脾及淋巴结", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对大多数慢性病患者,帮助患者自助,属于哪种医患关系模式(  )。", "options": {"A": "共同参与型", "B": "指导一合作型", "C": "主动一被动型", "D": "以上四种都不是"}, "answer": "共同参与型", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,30岁,在参加一次聚餐3d后,突然出现发热、腹痛和腹泻,始为水样便,1d后转变为黏液脓血便,并有里急后重感。根据以上症状应考虑的疾病和检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄球菌食物中毒:取剩余食物分离致病菌", "B": "沙门菌食物中毒:取剩余食物分离致病菌", "C": "伤寒:取脓血便进行免疫荧光检", "D": "细菌性痢疾:取脓血便分离肠道致病菌"}, "answer": "细菌性痢疾:取脓血便分离肠道致病菌", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项为对尊重病人自主权的正确理解?(  )", "options": {"A": "必须听从有地位的患者的决定", "B": "此准则适用于病人的所有自我决定", "C": "医生的任何干预都是不道德的", "D": "承认病人有权根据自身状况做出理性决定"}, "answer": "承认病人有权根据自身状况做出理性决定", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.肺气肿(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤维蛋白性炎", "B": "间质性炎", "C": "化脓性炎", "D": "肺大泡"}, "answer": "肺大泡", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,45岁,主诉3个月前,当他过度弯腰工作时背部有塌下的感觉,以后胸椎中至下段脊突区疼痛,围绕躯干向任一侧放射,并于咳嗽或打喷嚏时疼痛加重。4天前出现便秘,下腹部与双下肢麻木。入院当日两下肢无力,几乎不能行路,同时有排尿困难。既往史无特殊可述者。检查:脐水平可触及膀胱上缘,肛门括约肌松弛。中胸脊突明显叩痛。肋缘下痛觉减退。两上肢腱反射正常,两下肢腱反射亢进。腹壁反射消失,两侧Babinski征阳性。上肢肌力正常,两下肢除股四头肌有微弱收缩外不能移动。2.异常的检查所见,说明病变侵犯(  )。", "options": {"A": "红核脊髓束和皮质脊髓束", "B": "皮质脊髓束和脊髓丘脑束", "C": "脊髓丘脑束和薄束", "D": "顶盖脊髓束和皮质脊髓束"}, "answer": "皮质脊髓束和脊髓丘脑束", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "贫血伴骨髓外含铁血黄素颗粒及铁粒幼红细胞明显减少最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "铁粒幼细胞性贫血", "B": "缺铁性贫血", "C": "再生障碍性贫血", "D": "营养性巨幼细胞性贫血"}, "answer": "缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在脊柱骨折中,下列哪项叙述是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "绝大多数是由间接暴力引起", "B": "胸腰段交界处脊柱活动较多,最不常受伤", "C": "屈曲型脊柱骨折最常见", "D": "伸直型脊柱骨折极少见"}, "answer": "胸腰段交界处脊柱活动较多,最不常受伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,32岁。无痛性进行性双颈部淋巴结肿大2周入院。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺癌", "B": "结核", "C": "淋巴瘤", "D": "炎症"}, "answer": "淋巴瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在各种生物、心理及社会环境因素的影响下,大脑功能失调,导致认知、情感、意志和行为等精神活动出现不同程度障碍为临床表现的疾病,称(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "神经症", "C": "心身疾病", "D": "精神疾病"}, "answer": "精神疾病", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医学会在收到医疗事故双方当事人的材料后,经书面陈述及答辩之后,出具鉴定书的期限应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "7天内", "B": "10天内", "C": "30天内", "D": "45天内"}, "answer": "45天内", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "通过抑制血管紧张素转化酶活性减低血压的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "普萘洛尔", "B": "利血平", "C": "哌唑嗪", "D": "卡托普利"}, "answer": "卡托普利", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,76岁,持续性心房颤动2年,有脑血栓和糖尿病病史。查体:BP 120/65mmHg,心率87次/min,心脏各瓣膜区未闻及杂音,该患者最适宜的抗栓措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮下注射低分子肝素", "B": "口服阿司匹林", "C": "口服氯吡格雷", "D": "口服华法林"}, "answer": "口服华法林", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "决定红细胞血型的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞膜特异性凝集原", "B": "红细胞膜特异性凝集素", "C": "血浆特异性凝集原", "D": "血浆特异性凝集素"}, "answer": "红细胞膜特异性凝集原", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男婴,40天,过期产,出生后第3天出现黄疸,至今尚未完全消退。生后少哭,少动。吃奶尚可,排便2天1次,色黄。腹软较胀,有脐疝,肝肋下2cm。血清总胆红素170μmol/L,结合胆红素21μmol/L,血红蛋白110g/L,红细胞3.8×109/L。2.为确诊,应选择哪一项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "肝胆B超", "B": "血清T3、T4、TSH检查", "C": "血培养", "D": "钡剂灌肠"}, "answer": "血清T3、T4、TSH检查", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "心室颤动电除颤应首选直流电(  )。", "options": {"A": "150J非同步除颤", "B": "200~300J同步除颤", "C": "200~300J非同步除颤", "D": "360J同步除颤"}, "answer": "200~300J非同步除颤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,70岁。进行性排尿困难7年。夜尿3~4次,尿流变细、费力。经非那雄胺治疗症状改善不明显。B超检查示前列腺54mm×45mm×38mm,残余尿100ml,双肾无积水。最大尿流率8ml/s。心、肺、肝、肾功能正常。下一步首选的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "改用口服雌激素", "B": "经尿道前列腺切除术", "C": "加用α受体阻滞剂", "D": "膀胱穿刺造瘘"}, "answer": "经尿道前列腺切除术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,20岁,入院五天,吃饭总是吃几口后就将饭菜倒掉,问其原因答:“我吃几口就能尝出饭里有农药味,我不敢吃。”此症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "幻听", "B": "幻味", "C": "幻视", "D": "幻触"}, "answer": "幻味", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胆汁中与脂肪消化关系密切的成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "磷脂酰胆碱(卵磷脂)", "B": "胆固醇", "C": "胆盐", "D": "脂肪酸"}, "answer": "胆盐", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "引起肺气肿的因素不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "小气道的狭窄、阻塞", "B": "鳞状上皮化生", "C": "弹性蛋白酶增多", "D": "遗传性α1-抗胰蛋白酶缺乏"}, "answer": "鳞状上皮化生", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下面关于社会主义市场经济条件下加强医德建设作用的表述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "为医疗体制改革奠定基础、导引方向", "B": "利于解决医疗卫生单位内部的矛盾", "C": "提高医务人员的整体素质", "D": "杜绝医务人员的不正之风"}, "answer": "杜绝医务人员的不正之风", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "按计划免疫接种程序,半岁以内需接种的疫苗不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "百-白-破三联混合疫苗", "B": "乙肝疫苗", "C": "麻疹疫苗", "D": "卡介苗"}, "answer": "麻疹疫苗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不属于医务人员之间关系的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医务人员与社会", "B": "医务人员与后勤人员", "C": "医技与医技", "D": "医务人员与行政管理人员"}, "answer": "医务人员与社会", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性淋病患者临床表现特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大多数有典型的尿路刺激症状", "B": "好发部位为子宫", "C": "好发部位为宫颈、尿道", "D": "腹痛明显"}, "answer": "腹痛明显", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于影响病毒致病作用的因素,哪一项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "病毒对宿主细胞的杀伤作用", "B": "病毒对组织器官的亲嗜性", "C": "病毒引起的免疫性病理损伤", "D": "机体接受抗生素的剂量与种类"}, "answer": "机体接受抗生素的剂量与种类", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "消毒用医用酒精的常用浓度是(  )。", "options": {"A": "30%", "B": "90%", "C": "70%", "D": "50%"}, "answer": "70%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "接种牛痘疫苗后产生对天花的抵抗性,这反映了(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗原的特异性", "B": "抗原的交叉反应", "C": "先天免疫", "D": "主动保护"}, "answer": "抗原的交叉反应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪种激素能降低血糖的水平?(  )", "options": {"A": "胰岛素", "B": "生长素", "C": "胰高糖素", "D": "肾上腺素"}, "answer": "胰岛素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.有机磷农药中毒时,交感神经节后纤维兴奋表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "平滑肌痉挛和腺体分泌增加", "B": "头晕乏力,共济失调,抽搐", "C": "血压升高,心率加快,心律失常", "D": "下肢瘫痪"}, "answer": "血压升高,心率加快,心律失常", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2岁,多次患肺炎,胸片示肺纹理增多,左心房、左心室大,主动脉影增宽,应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "室间隔缺损", "B": "动脉导管未闭", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "艾森曼格综合征"}, "answer": "动脉导管未闭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,50岁。间断水肿,加重伴乏力1个月。3年来反复出现颜面和双下肢水肿,未予诊治。1个月来水肿加重,查体:BP 170/85mmHg,双下肢中度水肿,尿常规:尿RBC(-),蛋白(++)。血Hb 70g/L,Scr 865μmol/L,K+6.5μmol/L,Ca2+1.79μmol/L,全段甲状旁腺激素(PTH)710pg/ml,需要紧急处理的临床情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血K+6.5mmol/L", "B": "血Ca2+1.79mmol/L", "C": "血Scr 865μmol/L", "D": "血PTH 710pg/ml"}, "answer": "血K+6.5mmol/L", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项指标用于分析比较动脉血压值不相同的个体之间心脏泵功能?(  )", "options": {"A": "心指数", "B": "每分输出量", "C": "心脏做功", "D": "心力贮备"}, "answer": "心脏做功", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "伤口附近出现“红线”指的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "浅层静脉炎", "B": "深层静脉炎", "C": "浅层管状淋巴管炎", "D": "深层管状淋巴管炎"}, "answer": "浅层管状淋巴管炎", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "62岁男患者,言语不清,吞咽困难,饮水呛咳,声音嘶哑半年入院。查体:伸舌困难,软腭抬举差,吞咽困难。1.该患者存在的种综合征为(  )。", "options": {"A": "球麻痹综合征", "B": "痴呆综合征", "C": "Weber综合征", "D": "Foville综合征"}, "answer": "球麻痹综合征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "人工流产综合征主要是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "机械刺激子宫或宫颈引起迷走神经反射", "B": "精神过度紧张", "C": "术中出血过多", "D": "吸宫不全"}, "answer": "机械刺激子宫或宫颈引起迷走神经反射", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,30岁,妊娠40周,临产12小时之后,在产钳助娩下分娩一4100g的女婴,胎儿娩出后15分钟胎盘人工剥离取出,检查胎盘无异常。继之发生阴道大量流血。2.下面的处理不恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "迅速补液", "B": "配血", "C": "子宫注射或静脉滴注缩宫药物", "D": "刮宫术"}, "answer": "刮宫术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,54岁。肛门胀痛6天,为持续性痛,逐渐加重,排便和行走时出现剧痛,有里急后重感和排便困难,伴发热,全身不适。查体:T 39.6℃,肛门左侧红肿,有明显压痛。肛诊:直肠左侧饱满,压痛(+),有波动感。实验室检查:WBC 21×109/L,N 0.92。决定立即行切口引流术,最主要的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "白细胞增高", "B": "局部饱满有波动感", "C": "有排便困难", "D": "行走时出现剧痛"}, "answer": "局部饱满有波动感", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "每张西药、中成药处方开具的药品种类上限是(  )。", "options": {"A": "5种", "B": "3种", "C": "6种", "D": "4种"}, "answer": "5种", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列选项中不属于常见的急性二尖瓣关闭不全病因的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性心肌梗死", "B": "心脏瓣膜手术", "C": "扩张型心肌病", "D": "二尖瓣置换术后"}, "answer": "扩张型心肌病", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肺的静态顺应性越大,表示(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺的弹性阻力小,肺扩张程度小", "B": "肺的弹性阻力大,肺扩张程度小", "C": "肺的弹性阻力小,肺扩张程度大", "D": "肺的非弹性阻力与肺的扩张度无变化"}, "answer": "肺的弹性阻力小,肺扩张程度大", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "动脉血压升高可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "等容收缩期延长", "B": "心室收缩期延长", "C": "心室舒张期延长", "D": "心房收缩期延长"}, "answer": "等容收缩期延长", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "伤寒最严重的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠穿孔", "B": "中毒性肝炎", "C": "肺炎", "D": "肠出血"}, "answer": "肠穿孔", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "初孕妇,29岁。妊娠37周,今晨喷射性呕吐1次,1小时前突然抽搐并随即昏迷入院。查体:BP 180/120mmHg,尿蛋白(+++)。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子痫", "B": "癔症", "C": "癫痫", "D": "脑血栓形成"}, "answer": "子痫", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性链球菌感染后肾炎的诊断依据中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病前1~3周有前驱感染史", "B": "尿常规检查有蛋白、红细胞及管型", "C": "血清补体下降", "D": "须伴有ASO升高"}, "answer": "须伴有ASO升高", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "双侧支气管扩张患者反复大咯血时,最佳的治疗手段是(  )。", "options": {"A": "长期口服抗生素预防感染", "B": "支气管动脉栓塞术", "C": "手术切除病变肺组织", "D": "支气管镜下介入治疗"}, "answer": "支气管动脉栓塞术", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,43岁。乏力、厌食、嗜睡5年,逐渐加重2年,20年前产后大出血休克,昏迷7小时,产后闭经至今。具体治疗不详,近3年多中断治疗。首选的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血管加压素", "B": "左甲状腺素钠", "C": "肾上腺皮质激素", "D": "孕激素"}, "answer": "肾上腺皮质激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "药物与特异性受体结合后,可能激动受体,也可能阻断受体,这取决于(  )。", "options": {"A": "药物是否具有亲和力", "B": "药物的剂量大小", "C": "药物的脂溶性", "D": "药物是否具有内在活性"}, "answer": "药物是否具有内在活性", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "出现月经是由于血液中哪种激素的浓度急剧下降而引起的?(  )", "options": {"A": "雌激素", "B": "生长素", "C": "孕激素", "D": "雌激素和孕激素"}, "answer": "雌激素和孕激素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5.周围神经损害将出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "节段性分离性感觉障碍", "B": "末梢型分布感觉障碍", "C": "偏身感觉障碍", "D": "交叉性感觉障碍"}, "answer": "末梢型分布感觉障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以下哪项是诊断颅底骨折最确切的依据?(  )", "options": {"A": "头面部受暴力史", "B": "X线片示额骨线形骨折", "C": "眼睑青紫", "D": "脑脊液鼻漏"}, "answer": "脑脊液鼻漏", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "6个月女孩,7月中旬,因吐、泻3天入院。大便10~15次/日,呈蛋花汤样,有腥臭气味,尿量极少,前囟、眼窝凹陷,皮肤弹性极差,脉细弱,四肢厥冷,大便偶见白细胞,血清钠125mmol/L。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中度低渗性脱水", "B": "中度等渗性脱水", "C": "重度低渗性脱水", "D": "重度高渗性脱水"}, "answer": "重度低渗性脱水", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,50岁。右侧腹股沟斜疝嵌顿8小时入院。急诊手术中发现嵌顿入疝囊的回肠有约5cm坏死,行坏死回肠切除、肠吻合术。对伤口进行彻底清洗后,无明显炎症表现。疝处理应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯疝囊高位结扎术", "B": "Bassini法疝修补术", "C": "Halsted法疝修补术", "D": "无张力疝修补术"}, "answer": "单纯疝囊高位结扎术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,25岁,务农,因畏寒、发热,伴全身酸痛5天,出现黄疸1天入院,入院后黄疸进行加重,继而出现少尿。查体:神志清,血压125/80mmHg,巩膜及皮肤明显黄染,注射部位可见瘀斑,结膜充血轻度,肝肋下1.0cm,压痛(+),脾肋下未触及,肾区叩击痛轻度,腓肠肌压痛轻。血常规:Hb120g/L,WBC47×109/L,N0.78,L0.22。尿常规:蛋白质(++),每个高倍镜视野下WBC(-)、RBC20个、颗粒管型1~2个;BUN32mmol/L。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "流行性出血热", "B": "钩端螺旋体病,黄疸出血型", "C": "伤寒并发溶血性尿毒综合征", "D": "疟疾型黑原病"}, "answer": "钩端螺旋体病,黄疸出血型", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "病人安于已适应的角色,小病大养,该出院而不愿意出院,此时病人的状态被称为角色行为(  )。", "options": {"A": "缺如", "B": "冲突", "C": "强化", "D": "异常"}, "answer": "强化", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.治疗类风湿关节炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗肿瘤坏死因子抗体", "B": "β干扰素", "C": "α干扰素", "D": "EPO"}, "answer": "抗肿瘤坏死因子抗体", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,8岁,水肿、少尿,尿量浓茶色,伴头痛、眼花、呕吐,血压170/120mmHg,尿蛋白(+),红细胞30个/HP,颗粒管型0或1个/HP。诊断可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性肾炎", "B": "急性肾炎高血压脑病", "C": "肾炎性肾病", "D": "急进性肾炎"}, "answer": "急性肾炎高血压脑病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,25岁,头痛3年多,每次头痛前有烦躁不安、视物模糊,头痛发作以右侧为主,并扩展至整个头部,呈搏动性,持续时间约10小时。神经系统检查未见异常,脑电图正常。应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "偏头痛", "B": "癔病", "C": "三叉神经痛", "D": "癫痫精神运动性发作"}, "answer": "偏头痛", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于胸腺依赖性抗原,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "在胸腺中产生的抗原", "B": "能直接激活B细胞产生体液免疫应答的抗原", "C": "只能引起细胞免疫应答的抗原", "D": "只有在T细胞辅助下,才能激活B细胞产生体液免疫应答的抗原"}, "answer": "只有在T细胞辅助下,才能激活B细胞产生体液免疫应答的抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.生后3~4个月开始出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "感觉相关的条件反射", "B": "兴奋性和抑制性条件反射", "C": "腹壁反射", "D": "握持反射"}, "answer": "兴奋性和抑制性条件反射", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "TD-Ag诱发机体免疫反应必须由下列哪一组细胞参与?(  )", "options": {"A": "B淋巴细胞和单核/巨噬细胞", "B": "T淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞、单核/巨噬细胞", "C": "B淋巴细胞、NK细胞", "D": "T淋巴细胞和单核巨噬细胞"}, "answer": "T淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞、单核/巨噬细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.长期服用NSAIDs,可用(  )。", "options": {"A": "奥美拉唑+硫糖铝", "B": "奥美拉唑+铋剂+阿莫西林", "C": "奥美拉畦+铋剂+四环素+甲硝唑", "D": "硫糖铝"}, "answer": "奥美拉唑+硫糖铝", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心理学的研究对象为人的(  )。", "options": {"A": "心理活动和行为", "B": "心理活动和观念", "C": "情绪和行为", "D": "智力和情绪"}, "answer": "心理活动和行为", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "24岁男性,一小时前右手拇指近端被刀完全切断,清创后,应按哪个顺序进行再植手术?(  )", "options": {"A": "吻合动静脉→固定骨骼→修复肌腱", "B": "固定骨骼→修复肌腱→吻合动静脉→修复神经→闭合创口", "C": "修复肌腱→固定骨骼→修复神经→吻合动静脉→闭合创口", "D": "修复肌腱、神经→吻合动静脉→固定骨骼→闭合创口"}, "answer": "固定骨骼→修复肌腱→吻合动静脉→修复神经→闭合创口", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.代谢性酸中毒(  )。", "options": {"A": "体重减低,眼窝及前囟凹陷", "B": "呼吸深大,口唇樱桃红", "C": "心音低钝,四肢肌张力低下", "D": "惊厥或手足搐搦"}, "answer": "呼吸深大,口唇樱桃红", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新生儿生后2~3天出现黄疸者最常见的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "母乳性黄疸", "B": "新生儿肺炎", "C": "生理性黄疸", "D": "胆道闭锁"}, "answer": "生理性黄疸", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,28岁。上呼吸道感染后2周,出现肉眼血尿、颜面水肿入院。体检:血压20/13.5kPa(150/100mmHg),尿蛋白(+),红细胞满视野,血Cr 180μmol/L。1.本例此时临床表现符合(  )。", "options": {"A": "急进性肾炎综合征", "B": "急性肾炎综合征", "C": "肾病综合征", "D": "尿路感染综合征"}, "answer": "急性肾炎综合征", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5.肺癌(  )。", "options": {"A": "多通过血液途径转移", "B": "多通过淋巴途径转移", "C": "多通过种植性转移", "D": "以上三者均可"}, "answer": "以上三者均可", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在原发性醛固酮增多症病因中,最常见的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "醛固酮癌", "B": "醛固酮瘤", "C": "异位醛固酮分泌瘤", "D": "糖皮质类固醇可抑制醛固酮增多症"}, "answer": "醛固酮瘤", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "吉兰-巴雷综合征的脑脊液蛋白-细胞分离是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋白正常,细胞数正常", "B": "蛋白增高,细胞数正常", "C": "蛋白降低,细胞数增高", "D": "蛋白正常,细胞数增高"}, "answer": "蛋白增高,细胞数正常", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗新鲜髋关节后脱位的措施,不应包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "复位后持续皮牵引固定于伸直,外展位3~4周", "B": "Aillis法手法复位", "C": "早期进行股四头肌收缩活动及踝部功能锻炼", "D": "即刻手术切开复位"}, "answer": "即刻手术切开复位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,67岁。发作性胸骨闷痛4个月,近1周劳动耐量减小,发作频率高及疼痛时间增加来诊。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏神经症", "B": "恶化型心绞痛", "C": "稳定型心绞痛", "D": "肥厚性心肌病"}, "answer": "恶化型心绞痛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列各项中预防细菌性痢疾发生的主要措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "彻底治疗病人", "B": "积极发现及治疗带菌者", "C": "搞好饮食饮水卫生", "D": "药物预防"}, "answer": "搞好饮食饮水卫生", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是天然免疫耐受性?(  )", "options": {"A": "机体对任何抗原都不发生反应的免疫应答", "B": "机体对肿瘤细胞不发生反应的免疫应答", "C": "机体对自身组织成分不发生反应的免疫应答", "D": "机体对改变的自身组织成分不发生反应的免疫应答"}, "answer": "机体对自身组织成分不发生反应的免疫应答", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "具有非特异免疫的组织屏障不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "汗腺分泌物", "B": "正常菌群", "C": "血-脑脊液屏障", "D": "脾脏"}, "answer": "脾脏", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.儿童血容量大约占体重的(  )。", "options": {"A": "6%~8%", "B": "8%~10%", "C": "10%~12%", "D": "10%~15%"}, "answer": "8%~10%", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,26岁,1个月来,兴高采烈,话多,自觉思维敏捷“脑子特别灵”,“自己有超人才能”,整日忙碌不停,精力旺盛,爱表现自己,举止轻浮,好接近异性,食欲亢进,体重减轻,睡眠量减少,无疲倦感。1.其精神症状不包括哪一项?(  )", "options": {"A": "思维奔逸", "B": "罪恶妄想", "C": "夸大妄想", "D": "活动增多"}, "answer": "罪恶妄想", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,21岁。1型糖尿病8年,平素4次(R-R-R-N)胰岛素皮下注射治疗,定期查糖化血红蛋白7.5%~8%,2日前患者受凉后发热,体温37.5℃~38℃,因食欲不佳,自行停用胰岛素,改用阿卡波糖治疗。渐出现恶心、食欲不振,呕吐少量胃内容物,尿中有异味。查体:P 102次/分。BP 90/60mmHg,体重55kg,轻度脱水貌,精神萎靡,实验室检查:随机血糖25.6mmol/L,血钾4.8mmol/L,血糖(++++),尿酮体(++++);动脉血气分析pH值7.25。2.该患者pH值降低,合理的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉滴注0.9%生理盐水", "B": "静脉注射5%碳酸氢钠,至血pH值正常", "C": "静脉滴注l.25%碳酸氢钠,至血pH值正常", "D": "静脉滴注1.25%碳酸氢钠,至尿酮体转阴"}, "answer": "静脉滴注0.9%生理盐水", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4个月男孩,低热伴咳嗽2天,喘憋加重1天,精神、食欲尚可。体检:体温37.8℃,呼吸60次/min,心率150次/min,两肺满布哮鸣音,两背下部可闻及细湿啰音,肝肋下3.5cm。1.为尽快明确病原学诊断,应进一步做何种病原学检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "ESR", "B": "ASO", "C": "冷凝集试验", "D": "ELISA法检测病原体抗原"}, "answer": "ELISA法检测病原体抗原", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于颅内血管畸形,下述哪项是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "出血后常表现为颅神经症状", "B": "本病造成的蛛网膜下腔出血较颅内动脉瘤引起的少", "C": "本病不会引起心力衰竭", "D": "开颅手术切除畸形血管是唯一的治疗手段"}, "answer": "本病造成的蛛网膜下腔出血较颅内动脉瘤引起的少", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.主要分布组织为小肠黏膜(  )。", "options": {"A": "碱性磷酸酶", "B": "单胺氧化酶", "C": "乳酸脱氢酶", "D": "谷丙转氨酶"}, "answer": "碱性磷酸酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,5岁,高热、头痛l天,昏迷4h,于1月9日来诊。体检:体温39.6℃,血压120/80mmHg,呼吸节律不整,全身皮肤见散在多个大小不等的瘀点、瘀斑,两侧瞳孔不等大,颈项强直,Kernig征阳性。外周血白细胞21.6×109/L,中性粒细胞0.82,淋巴细胞0.18。2.此型病人与其他脑炎重要的鉴别点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "起病的急缓", "B": "发热的高低", "C": "神志障碍的程度", "D": "皮肤瘀点"}, "answer": "皮肤瘀点", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某男性患者,35岁,持续高热,相对脉缓,检查发现脾肿大,白细胞减少,皮肤出现玫瑰疹,血肥达反应抗体升高,该病人可能患有(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝炎", "B": "伤寒", "C": "皮肤过敏", "D": "脑膜炎"}, "answer": "伤寒", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "20世纪90年代。某地水源污染引发一起传染病暴发流行。在80万人的供水范围内,40.3万人罹患经自来水传播的隐孢子病。此次突发公共卫生事件突出体现的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "局限性", "B": "普遍性", "C": "散发性", "D": "聚集性"}, "answer": "普遍性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,25岁,平素易患咽炎、扁桃体炎,近来不规则低热3个月,膝、踝关节红肿、热、痛明显,小腿有散在红斑,心肺(一),WBC增多,患慢性迁延性肝炎多年,不宜选用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "泼尼松龙", "B": "泼尼松", "C": "阿司匹林", "D": "布洛芬"}, "answer": "泼尼松", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "甘油三酯的合成有两条途径,其一是以甘油一酯与活化脂肪酸经两次脂酰基转移作用合成,其二是由α磷酸甘油与活化脂肪酸先生成磷脂酸后再经脱磷酸及转脂酰基作用后生成的。第一条途径进行的主要场所是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝细胞", "B": "肠粘膜细胞", "C": "肾皮质细胞", "D": "脑细胞"}, "answer": "肠粘膜细胞", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "半数有效量(ED50)是(  )。", "options": {"A": "引起50%动物中毒的剂量", "B": "引起50%动物死亡的剂量", "C": "引起50%动物产生阳性反应的剂量", "D": "和50%受体结合的剂量"}, "answer": "引起50%动物产生阳性反应的剂量", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于脓性指头炎的治疗措施中,下列选项错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "局部热敷,理疗", "B": "抬高患肢,给止痛剂", "C": "应用磺胺药或抗生素", "D": "必须在局部出现波动时方可切开引流"}, "answer": "必须在局部出现波动时方可切开引流", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.梗死灶呈地图状改变的脏器是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺", "B": "肾", "C": "肠", "D": "心"}, "answer": "心", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.与幽门螺杆菌感染关系密切的胃炎是(  )。", "options": {"A": "A型胃炎", "B": "B型胃炎", "C": "急性单纯性胃炎", "D": "急性腐蚀性胃炎"}, "answer": "B型胃炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎败血症期,主要而显著的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "唇周单纯疱疹", "B": "皮肤黏膜瘀点、瘀斑", "C": "脑膜刺激征", "D": "病理反射"}, "answer": "皮肤黏膜瘀点、瘀斑", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "H1受体阻断药对哪一种病最有效?(  )", "options": {"A": "皮肤黏膜过敏症状", "B": "支气管哮喘", "C": "过敏性休克", "D": "过敏性紫癜"}, "answer": "皮肤黏膜过敏症状", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,28岁,突起寒战、高热、恶心、呕吐、腰痛已5d。体检:重病容,眼睑水肿,球结膜及胸部皮肤充血,腋下见少许点状出血点,血压70/50mmHg,怀疑流行性出血热。本例必须首先考虑的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "加用升压药", "B": "补充血容量", "C": "纠正酸中毒", "D": "选用抗病毒治疗"}, "answer": "补充血容量", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "股骨下1/3被砸伤患者,局部肿胀、疼痛、畸形,首选检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "检查有无骨摩擦音", "B": "包括膝关节在内的股骨下1/3正侧位X线片", "C": "股骨下1/3横断面的CT", "D": "检查有无异常活动"}, "answer": "包括膝关节在内的股骨下1/3正侧位X线片", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.结核杆菌感染能引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "干酪样肺炎", "B": "大叶性肺炎", "C": "肺气肿", "D": "矽肺"}, "answer": "干酪样肺炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "未经医师注册取得执业证书的(  )。", "options": {"A": "不得从事医师执业活动", "B": "可在执业医师指导下,在预防、保健机构,从事医师执业活动", "C": "可在保健机构从事医师执业活动", "D": "可在执业医师指导下从事医师执业活动"}, "answer": "不得从事医师执业活动", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列都是心理治疗的常规方法,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "行为治疗", "B": "精神分析疗法", "C": "生物反馈疗法", "D": "成功训练"}, "answer": "成功训练", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "溶菌酶的溶菌作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "裂解细胞壁聚糖骨架上的β-1,4糖苷键", "B": "抑制细胞壁肽聚糖上四肽侧链与五肽桥的交联", "C": "抑制细菌DNA转录", "D": "破坏细胞壁上的磷壁酸"}, "answer": "裂解细胞壁聚糖骨架上的β-1,4糖苷键", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,16岁。阵发性心悸1年余,突发突止,发作期间心电图正常,10分钟前再次发作,心电图示快速、规则的QRS波群,形态正常,未见明显P波。急诊医师在患者右胸锁乳突肌内缘平甲状软骨水平按摩数秒钟后,心律突然恢复正常,该治疗手法的作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "减弱心迷走神经紧张", "B": "加强心迷走神经冲动", "C": "加强心交感神经冲动", "D": "兴奋颈动脉体"}, "answer": "加强心迷走神经冲动", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "抢救枕骨大孔疝(脑室系统扩大者)最有效的急救措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "20%甘露醇250ml快速静点", "B": "快速颅内钻孔穿刺脑室额角,行脑脊液外引流术", "C": "快速静脉滴注地塞米松20mg", "D": "高压氧仓治疗"}, "answer": "快速颅内钻孔穿刺脑室额角,行脑脊液外引流术", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初次体液免疫应答产生抗体的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "滴度高", "B": "主要为IgG", "C": "亲和力低", "D": "持续时间长"}, "answer": "亲和力低", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.个体发育的某一阶段,不同的基因产物出现在不同的组织器官,称为基因表达的(  )。", "options": {"A": "空间特异性", "B": "组成性表达", "C": "诱导表达", "D": "阻遏表达"}, "answer": "空间特异性", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.B因子(  )。", "options": {"A": "补体旁路途径的固有成分", "B": "补体三条激活途径的共同成分", "C": "经典途径的激活物", "D": "旁路途径的激活物"}, "answer": "补体旁路途径的固有成分", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.与糖尿病患者酸中毒有关的主要代谢途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖原合成", "B": "尿酸合成", "C": "丙酮酸羧化", "D": "酮体生成"}, "answer": "酮体生成", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是莱姆病的病原体?(  )", "options": {"A": "钩端螺旋体", "B": "梅毒螺旋体", "C": "伯氏疏螺旋体", "D": "奋森疏螺旋体"}, "answer": "伯氏疏螺旋体", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "因抢救危急患者,未能及时书写病历的,有关医务人员应在抢救结束后几小时内据实补记(  )。", "options": {"A": "2小时", "B": "4小时", "C": "6小时", "D": "12小时"}, "answer": "6小时", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,70岁。外阴、阴道灼热感4天。妇科检查:阴道黏膜有散在出血点,阴道内少许分泌物,呈淡黄色。2.其最可能的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "雌激素水平低下", "B": "淋菌感染", "C": "念珠菌感染", "D": "滴虫感染"}, "answer": "雌激素水平低下", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG),下列哪一项是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "hCG是一种甾体激素", "B": "妊娠期子宫蜕膜的维持是hCG的直接作用", "C": "孕妇尿中hCG于12周后迅速下降,是妊娠黄体萎缩的结果", "D": "hCG的生物活性与黄体生成素相似"}, "answer": "hCG的生物活性与黄体生成素相似", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,36岁,翻车肩部外伤,半小时后来院,查左锁骨中外1/3处明显畸形,局部肿胀明显、淤血,桡动脉搏动触不到,手部发凉,皮色苍白,血压80/40mmHg。2.该患者正确的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "手法复位,石膏固定", "B": "手法复位,横8字绷带固定", "C": "牵引治疗", "D": "立即手术探查受损血管并修复血管,骨折复位内固定,再加适当的外固定"}, "answer": "立即手术探查受损血管并修复血管,骨折复位内固定,再加适当的外固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有关髋关节结核描述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多见于儿童", "B": "双侧发病较多", "C": "“4”字试验阴性", "D": "髋关节过伸试验阴性"}, "answer": "多见于儿童", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.白带呈脓性泡沫状,用酸性液体冲洗阴道可提高疗效的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "滴虫阴道炎", "B": "外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病", "C": "萎缩性阴道炎", "D": "婴幼儿外阴阴道炎"}, "answer": "滴虫阴道炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有利于生长发育的能量来自饮食,其中的蛋白质:脂肪:碳水化合物最合理的配比是(  )。", "options": {"A": "15:35:50", "B": "15:50:35", "C": "35:15:50", "D": "35:50:15"}, "answer": "15:35:50", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,65岁。无痛性皮肤、巩膜黄染4个月,曾经稍有减退,近2个月来呈进行性加重。查体:腹软,右上腹轻压痛,可触及肿大的胆囊,全腹未触及肿块。首先应考虑的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝门部胆管癌", "B": "壶腹癌", "C": "结肠癌", "D": "胰体尾部癌"}, "answer": "壶腹癌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "依赖Ach的蛋白激酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "受体型TPK", "B": "非受体型TPK", "C": "PKA", "D": "PKG"}, "answer": "非受体型TPK", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对四环素不敏感的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "革兰阳性球菌", "B": "结核杆菌", "C": "革兰阴性菌", "D": "肺炎支原体"}, "answer": "结核杆菌", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "目前认为引起原发性慢性肾上腺皮质功能减退症最常见的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺肿瘤", "B": "肾上腺结核", "C": "肾上腺手术", "D": "特发性肾上腺萎缩"}, "answer": "特发性肾上腺萎缩", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心导管检查右心室血氧含量高于右心房的先天性心脏病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉导管未闭", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "房间隔缺损", "D": "肺动脉狭窄"}, "answer": "室间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "手术后好发血栓的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "门静脉", "B": "肾动脉", "C": "冠状动脉", "D": "下肢静脉"}, "answer": "下肢静脉", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.一侧肾结核,对侧肾积水行(  )。", "options": {"A": "非手术抗结核治疗", "B": "积水肾造瘘术", "C": "抗结核治疗后双肾移植", "D": "胃大部切除术后抗结核治疗"}, "answer": "积水肾造瘘术", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪一种增生属于再生性增生?(  )", "options": {"A": "溶血性贫血时骨髓增生", "B": "妊娠时垂体细胞增生", "C": "阴道糜烂时上皮增生", "D": "肝炎时库普弗细胞的增生"}, "answer": "溶血性贫血时骨髓增生", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.出现于毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球基底膜内免疫复合物", "B": "肾小球基底膜和上皮细胞间驼峰状免疫复合物", "C": "肾小球基底膜和上皮细胞间免疫复合物", "D": "肾小球内无免疫复合物"}, "answer": "肾小球基底膜和上皮细胞间驼峰状免疫复合物", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于妊娠期母体乳房的变化,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量雌激素刺激乳腺腺泡发育", "B": "大量孕激素刺激乳腺腺管发育", "C": "初乳为白色浓稠液体", "D": "乳头增大变黑、乳晕颜色加深"}, "answer": "乳头增大变黑、乳晕颜色加深", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "8个月婴儿,体重8kg,腹泻4天,每天10余次,尿很少,精神萎靡,呼吸深长,皮肤发花,弹性差,前囟、眼眶明显凹陷,肢冷脉弱,心率160次/min,心音低钝。1.应考虑下列哪组诊断?(  )", "options": {"A": "重度脱水+酸中毒", "B": "中度脱水+酸中毒+心力衰竭", "C": "中度脱水+低钾血症", "D": "重度脱水+低钾血症+心力衰竭"}, "answer": "重度脱水+酸中毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是绒毛膜癌最常转移的器官?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑", "B": "肺", "C": "骨", "D": "肾上腺"}, "answer": "肺", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "成人,体重60kg,烧伤,于下午4时入急诊室。查体:意识清,能合作,心率100次/分,血压120/84mmHg,面部、胸、腹部,两前臂、两手及两小腿和足部Ⅱ、Ⅲ度烧伤。下午5时开始静脉输液,6时入手术室、清创,晚上8时送病房。1.烧伤总面积为(  )。", "options": {"A": "47%", "B": "48%", "C": "50%", "D": "51%"}, "answer": "47%", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,68岁。1年前于坐位早餐时无明显诱因突感心悸,随之意识丧失跌倒,数分钟后意识恢复。无大汗、肢体抽搐、口吐白沫和大小便失禁。1年来反复发作上述症状3次。发作与体位和运动无关。查体:BP 130/70mmHg,心率48次/分。心电图示二度Ⅱ型房室传导阻滞。该患者意识丧失最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心律失常", "B": "癫痫发作", "C": "体位性低血压", "D": "迷走神经张力增高"}, "answer": "心律失常", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,20岁,半月来发热37.5℃,伴周身乏力,食欲不振,尿色加深如深茶样,化验肝功ALT 500U/L,胆红素80μmol/L,抗HAV IgM(+),HBsAg(+),抗HBC IgG(+),应诊为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性甲型黄疸型肝炎", "B": "急性甲型合并乙型黄疸型肝炎", "C": "急性乙型黄疸型肝炎", "D": "急性甲型黄疸型肝炎,乙肝病毒携带"}, "answer": "急性甲型黄疸型肝炎,乙肝病毒携带", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "婴儿期计划免疫,正确的接种时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓灰质炎疫苗2个月以上", "B": "麻疹疫苗4~5个月", "C": "牛痘6~8个月", "D": "乙型脑炎疫苗9~10个月"}, "answer": "脊髓灰质炎疫苗2个月以上", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于霍乱弧菌正确的说法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "耐酸不耐碱", "B": "需氧菌", "C": "只有H抗原", "D": "G+菌"}, "answer": "需氧菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "代谢性碱中毒伴有的电解质紊乱是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低钾血症", "B": "镁缺乏", "C": "高钙血症", "D": "高钠血症"}, "answer": "低钾血症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,67岁。因“急性广泛前壁心肌梗死”于4天前入院治疗。今日患者突然喘憋,不能平卧。查体:BP 120/80mmHg,心率107次/分,胸骨左缘第3肋间可触及震颤并可闻及粗糙的4/6级全收缩其杂音。该患者突发喘憋的最可能病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "室壁瘤形成", "B": "心室游离壁破裂", "C": "室间隔穿孔", "D": "主动脉瓣狭窄"}, "answer": "室间隔穿孔", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下面对于通气与血流比值的叙述哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺动脉栓塞时,比值增大", "B": "通气与血流比值减少,意味着生理无效腔增大", "C": "安静时正常值为0.84", "D": "肺下部部分血流得不到充分气体交换,比值变少"}, "answer": "通气与血流比值减少,意味着生理无效腔增大", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "培养支原体最必需的成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "磷脂", "B": "葡萄糖", "C": "胆固醇", "D": "蛋白质"}, "answer": "胆固醇", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性肾功能衰竭少尿期的表现正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高氯", "B": "高钠", "C": "低钙", "D": "低镁"}, "answer": "低钙", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患有劳力性心绞痛的病人,最佳的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "普萘洛尔+维拉帕米", "B": "地尔硫+普萘洛尔", "C": "硝酸甘油+普萘洛尔", "D": "地尔硫+维拉帕米"}, "answer": "硝酸甘油+普萘洛尔", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1型糖尿病的主要特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多见于40岁以上的成年人", "B": "易发生高渗性非酮症性糖尿病昏迷", "C": "自身免疫介导的胰岛B细胞破坏", "D": "大部分有体重超重或肥胖"}, "answer": "自身免疫介导的胰岛B细胞破坏", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "钩端螺旋体病的临床表现(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热、咳嗽、咳白色黏痰", "B": "发热、头痛、结膜充血、腓肠肌痛", "C": "发热、恶心、呕吐、腹痛", "D": "发热、咳嗽"}, "answer": "发热、头痛、结膜充血、腓肠肌痛", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于医德评价,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医德评价的主体有两种:他人和自己", "B": "进行医德评价的标准依据每个人不同而不同", "C": "医德评价是医德原则和规范转化为医务人员行为的中介和桥梁", "D": "医德评价的方式有社会舆论、内心信念和传统习俗"}, "answer": "进行医德评价的标准依据每个人不同而不同", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胃癌的好发部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃体小弯侧", "B": "胃体大弯侧", "C": "胃窦部小弯侧", "D": "胃窦大弯侧"}, "answer": "胃窦部小弯侧", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,65岁,突然右口角流涎,言语不清,右上下肢无力,活动不灵,右偏身感觉减退,看不见右侧物体,病变位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "左侧枕叶矩状裂", "B": "左侧中央前回", "C": "左侧内囊", "D": "左侧中央后回"}, "answer": "左侧内囊", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.上述哪项智力水平为边缘的智商范围?(  )", "options": {"A": "≥130", "B": "120~129", "C": "80~119", "D": "70~79"}, "answer": "70~79", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心尖区收缩中期附加音并有收缩中晚期杂音者最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "风湿性心脏病二尖瓣关闭不全", "B": "二尖瓣脱垂", "C": "扩张型心肌病", "D": "心绞痛"}, "answer": "二尖瓣脱垂", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.骨折近折段外展、外旋、屈曲移位(  )。", "options": {"A": "股骨颈骨折", "B": "股骨上1/3骨折", "C": "股骨上中段骨折", "D": "股骨髁上骨折"}, "answer": "股骨上1/3骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "大叶性肺炎合并肺肉质变的机制为(  )。", "options": {"A": "中性粒细胞渗出过多", "B": "纤维素渗出过多", "C": "病变范围太广", "D": "吞噬细胞渗出太少"}, "answer": "吞噬细胞渗出太少", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有关轻微病变性肾小球肾炎的描述,下列哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "高度水肿", "B": "血尿", "C": "高胆固醇血症", "D": "大量蛋白尿"}, "answer": "血尿", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,35岁。支气管哮喘30年,再发咳嗽伴喘息3天,吸入沙丁胺醇症状稍改善,1天来喘息加重。查体:R 32次/min,端坐呼吸,大汗,语不成句,口唇发绀,双肺呼吸音低,可闻及散在哮呜音,末闻及湿啰音,心率126次/min,有奇脉。2.下列处理措施中,不恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鼻导管吸氧", "B": "持续雾化吸入β2受体激动剂", "C": "限制液体入量(<2000mL/d)", "D": "氨茶碱静点"}, "answer": "限制液体入量(<2000mL/d)", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,28岁。心悸3天。约2周前曾咳嗽、流涕。查体:心界不大,心率96次/分,可闻及早搏10次/分。心脏各瓣膜听诊区未闻及杂音和附加音。心电图示频发室性期前收缩。血清肌钙蛋白升高。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒性心肌炎", "B": "感染性心内膜炎", "C": "急性心肌梗死", "D": "风湿性心脏病"}, "answer": "病毒性心肌炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不是肿瘤免疫逃逸机制的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "协同刺激分子表达低下", "B": "表面抗原缺失", "C": "MHC-Ⅱ类分子表达低下", "D": "宿主免疫功能低下"}, "answer": "MHC-Ⅱ类分子表达低下", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,57岁。患原发性肝癌拟行肝切除术。术前血常规:Hb 70g/L,WBC 3.0×109/L,PLT 150×109/L。为纠正贫血,术前给其输注红细胞。在输入约50ml时患者出现寒战、发热、腰痛,头痛及心前区不适。面色潮红,呼吸困难和焦虑不安。查体:BP 85/50mmHg。患者发生的输血不良反应最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性溶血性输血反应", "B": "输血相关移植物抗宿主病", "C": "非溶血性发热反应", "D": "肺微血管栓塞"}, "answer": "急性溶血性输血反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于医患之间契约关系,下列不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医生向患者做出应有的承诺", "B": "患者挂号看病", "C": "先收费用然后给予检查处置", "D": "患者被迫送红包时保证不给医生宣扬"}, "answer": "患者被迫送红包时保证不给医生宣扬", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "抗原抗体结合出现肉眼可见反应(  )。", "options": {"A": "与抗体分子量大小密切相关", "B": "与抗体的亲和力无关", "C": "与抗原抗体的比例密切相关", "D": "与抗体的亲和力密切相关"}, "answer": "与抗原抗体的比例密切相关", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "主动脉瓣中度狭窄时瓣口面积为(  )。", "options": {"A": "<0.75cm2", "B": "0.75~1.0cm2", "C": "1.0~1.5cm2", "D": "1.75~2.0cm2"}, "answer": "1.0~1.5cm2", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "补体固有成分中含量最多的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "C3", "B": "C5", "C": "C8", "D": "C9"}, "answer": "C3", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不属于环境对人类健康影响危险度的评价的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "危害鉴定", "B": "暴露鉴定", "C": "危险度检测", "D": "危险度特征分析"}, "answer": "危险度检测", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,54岁。发作性胸痛3天,于劳累时发作,休息5分钟可以缓解,每天发作3~4次,最近2小时内上述症状发作2次,每次持续20分钟。该患者最恰当的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即收住院行运动负荷试验", "B": "门诊预约超声心电图检查", "C": "门诊预约动态心电图检查", "D": "立即收住院监测心电图和血肌钙蛋白"}, "answer": "立即收住院监测心电图和血肌钙蛋白", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "脊髓压迫症的特点不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓损害表现为横贯性损害征", "B": "腰椎穿刺压力增高", "C": "脑脊液蛋白含量增高", "D": "脊柱X线片可见骨受压及破坏"}, "answer": "腰椎穿刺压力增高", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不属于氯丙嗪临床应用的选项是(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "感染中毒性精神病", "C": "洋地黄引起的呕吐", "D": "前庭刺激所致晕动症"}, "answer": "前庭刺激所致晕动症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,55岁。右乳房肿块6个月,不伴疼痛,无乳头溢液。查体:右乳外象限可触及6cm×5cm肿块,质硬,边界不清。右腋窝可触及数个肿大淋巴结,部分融合。2.确定该患者是否需要进行内分泌治疗的指征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HER2表达情况", "B": "ER表达情况", "C": "是否伴有淋巴结转移", "D": "是否伴有全身转移"}, "answer": "ER表达情况", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,50岁,黑便、头晕,血压90mmHg/60mmHg,输悬浮红细胞后出现呼吸困难,胸闷,最可能的推断(  )。", "options": {"A": "输血后正常反应", "B": "急性溶血反应", "C": "急性肺损伤", "D": "急性肾损伤"}, "answer": "急性溶血反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "兼有镇静、催眠、抗惊厥、抗癫痫作用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "水合氯醛", "B": "苯巴比妥", "C": "苯妥英钠", "D": "扑米酮"}, "answer": "苯巴比妥", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "属于医务人员自我道德评价方式的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慎独", "B": "内心信念", "C": "规章制度", "D": "社会舆论"}, "answer": "内心信念", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不符合心理应激的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有效的放松训练可以降低心理应激水平", "B": "适度的应激可以促进健康", "C": "心理防御机制的应用可以从根本上消除解除焦虑", "D": "相信事件是可控制可预测的可以减轻心理应激"}, "answer": "心理防御机制的应用可以从根本上消除解除焦虑", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性心肌梗死患者,疑有早期心源性休克末梢循环改变,血压12/9.3kPa(90/70mmHg),尿比重1.016,中心静脉压13cmH2O,治疗时应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素", "B": "低分子右旋糖酐", "C": "西地兰", "D": "消心痛"}, "answer": "低分子右旋糖酐", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列不属于含有B族维生素的辅酶的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "磷酸吡哆醛", "B": "细胞色素c", "C": "辅酶A", "D": "四氢叶酸"}, "answer": "细胞色素c", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "45岁男性,经理,送来急诊,自述半小时前突然感到气紧、胸闷、心悸、头晕、出汗,认为生命垂危,要求紧急处理。近1个月来,这种情况发生过3次,每次持续约0.5~1小时,发病间隙期一切正常,发病与饮食无明显关系。1.最大可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癔症发作", "B": "低钾血症", "C": "惊恐发作", "D": "内脏性癫痫"}, "answer": "惊恐发作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.女性56岁,结节性甲状腺肿伴甲亢,首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "硫脲类制剂", "B": "碘制剂", "C": "131I", "D": "手术"}, "answer": "手术", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项为我国禁止采用的人类辅助生殖技术?(  )", "options": {"A": "同源性人工授精", "B": "体外受精", "C": "克隆人", "D": "试管婴儿"}, "answer": "克隆人", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,72岁。间断咳嗽、咳痰20余年,加重伴喘憋1周。近2天出现嗜睡。查体:意识模糊,口唇发绀,球结膜水肿,双肺满布哮鸣音,双下肢水肿。1.该患者出现意识障碍最主要机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "感染中毒性脑病", "B": "组织缺氧", "C": "CO2潴留", "D": "脑出血"}, "answer": "CO2潴留", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "5个月小儿,发热2天,体温38.2℃,口周发绀,咳嗽,喘憋,前囟平软,心率128次/分,满肺喘鸣音,背部有固定的湿啰音;胸部X线呈现小片阴影及肺气肿改变。3.不正确的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用肾上腺糖皮质激素", "B": "抗病毒治疗", "C": "抗生素的应用", "D": "支气管解痉剂"}, "answer": "抗生素的应用", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,40岁。体重60kg,右上肢肩关节以下、右下肢膝关节以下烧伤深度为浅Ⅱ°至深Ⅱ°,右足部烧伤深度为Ⅲ°。1.该患者的烧伤总面积为(  )。", "options": {"A": "20%", "B": "37%", "C": "19%", "D": "18%"}, "answer": "19%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对乙肝病毒(HBV)的描述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Dane颗粒是完整的HBV,直径为42nm", "B": "病毒的内衣壳由HBcAg组成", "C": "HBcAg仅单独存在于感染的肝细胞膜和胞浆内,很难在血清内发现", "D": "病毒的核心含有完整双链DNA和DNA多聚酶,在正股5’末端连接一小段RNA,作为合成引物"}, "answer": "病毒的核心含有完整双链DNA和DNA多聚酶,在正股5’末端连接一小段RNA,作为合成引物", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,16岁。溺水,经急救后送来急诊。查体:P 120次/分,R 32移/分,BP 95/65mmHg,神志清楚,口唇发绀,双肺可闻及湿啰音。面罩吸氧后氧饱和度监测显示为85%。该患者应立即采取的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉注射地塞米松", "B": "静脉注射毛花苷C", "C": "无创通气", "D": "皮下注射吗啡"}, "answer": "无创通气", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肠易激综合征患者几乎都有的临床症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹泻", "B": "腹痛", "C": "便秘", "D": "便血"}, "answer": "腹痛", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "长期服用氯丙嗪后出现的不良反应中,用抗胆碱药治疗反可使之加重的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体位性低血压", "B": "静坐不能", "C": "迟发性运动障碍", "D": "急性肌张力障碍"}, "answer": "迟发性运动障碍", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "病人将一盏灯看成是一个牛头,此症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "空间知觉障碍", "B": "错觉", "C": "幻视", "D": "妄想"}, "answer": "错觉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "双侧支气管扩张者反复大咯血时,最佳的治疗手段是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管动脉栓塞术", "B": "手术切除病变肺组织", "C": "长期口服钙通道阻滞剂", "D": "支气管镜下介入治疗"}, "answer": "手术切除病变肺组织", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,35岁。会阴部骑跨伤,受伤后尿道外口滴血,伴尿时疼痛加重,会阴部和阴囊处轻度肿胀,瘀斑。1.该患者泌尿系损伤的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿道阴茎部", "B": "膀胱颈部", "C": "尿道膜部", "D": "尿道球部"}, "answer": "尿道球部", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "军团病是由何种途径传播?(  )", "options": {"A": "呼吸道感染", "B": "消化道感染", "C": "创伤感染", "D": "接触感染"}, "answer": "呼吸道感染", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.虎斑心属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "玻璃样变", "B": "黏液变性", "C": "淀粉样变", "D": "脂肪沉积(脂肪变性)"}, "answer": "脂肪沉积(脂肪变性)", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,36岁,逐渐出现左上肢放射性疼痛4个月,伴左胸部疼痛。查体:左上肢肌力4级弱,右上肢5级,双下肢4级,排尿困难,左上肢腱反射减弱,双膝、踝反射活跃,脑电图正常,腰穿压颈试验不通畅。2.下列哪项检查对明确病因没有意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "体感诱发电位", "B": "脊髓造影", "C": "脊髓MRI检查", "D": "脊柱X线平片"}, "answer": "体感诱发电位", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肾上腺素能神经元的轴突末梢分支上有大量曲张体,是递质释放部位,当神经冲动抵达曲张体时,递质释放通过弥散达效应细胞,使效应细胞发生反应,这是一种什么传递方式?(  )", "options": {"A": "自分泌", "B": "近距分泌", "C": "旁分泌", "D": "非突触性化学传递"}, "answer": "非突触性化学传递", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "可引起读码框移的突变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颠换", "B": "转换", "C": "点突变", "D": "插入十二个核苷酸"}, "answer": "插入十二个核苷酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "胫腓骨中1/3骨折患者,手法复位后,有10°左右向前成角移位,用长腿石膏管型固定,4个月骨折愈合拆除石膏后,发现膝关节功能障碍,其原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌肉萎缩", "B": "关节僵硬", "C": "关节强直", "D": "骨折畸形愈合"}, "answer": "关节僵硬", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某学者在某镇开展了一项持续多年的啤酒狂欢节饮酒者与心血管疾病死亡关系的研究。研究初,有70名啤酒狂欢节饮酒者和1500名未饮酒者,在研究结束时,70名啤酒狂欢节饮酒者死于心血管疾病,45名啤酒狂欢节未饮酒者死于心血管疾病。该研究为(  )。", "options": {"A": "临床试验", "B": "病例对照研究", "C": "队列研究", "D": "横断面研究"}, "answer": "队列研究", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下组织中最易完全再生修复的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心肌组织", "B": "平滑肌组织", "C": "上皮组织", "D": "骨组织"}, "answer": "上皮组织", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,28岁。肛门持续剧痛1天。查体:T 36.5℃,P 80次/分,BP 120/80mmHg,双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心律齐,腹软,无压痛,未触及包块,肛门口有直径0.8cm的肿物。呈暗紫色、质硬,触痛明显,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肛周脓肿", "B": "肛裂", "C": "直肠息肉", "D": "血栓性外痔"}, "answer": "血栓性外痔", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医学心理学的研究任务是(  )。", "options": {"A": "研制治疗精神病的药物", "B": "研究心身相互作用的机制", "C": "A和B", "D": "B和C"}, "answer": "B和C", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于新型隐球菌致病性,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是隐球菌属中唯一致病的真菌", "B": "主要经胃肠道进入机体", "C": "主要致病因素是荚膜", "D": "易侵犯中枢神经系统引起脑膜炎"}, "answer": "主要经胃肠道进入机体", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是磺脲类药物的主要副作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "低血糖反应", "B": "恶心、呕吐", "C": "白细胞减少", "D": "皮肤瘙痒"}, "answer": "低血糖反应", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列关于脂肪瘤的描述哪项错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "脂肪瘤常发生于背肩等皮下组织", "B": "脂肪瘤常为单发,亦可多发", "C": "镜下结构与正常脂肪组织相似", "D": "脂肪瘤大小很一致,均为3~5cm大小"}, "answer": "脂肪瘤大小很一致,均为3~5cm大小", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.先天愚型(  )。", "options": {"A": "智力低下,特殊外貌,关节过伸,通贯手", "B": "智力低下,特殊外貌,四肢粗短,躯干较长", "C": "智力低下,特殊外貌,听力障碍,肝脾肿大", "D": "智力低下,表情呆滞,反复抽搐,尿发霉臭味"}, "answer": "智力低下,特殊外貌,关节过伸,通贯手", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,30岁,海员,平素体健,昨晚进食海蟹一只,晨起腹泻稀水便10余次,量多,无明显发热、腹痛。中午开始出现呕吐,为米泔水样,共4次,尿量减少。经粪便悬滴及涂片检查,初步诊断为霍乱。2.若该患者入院时神志淡漠.皮肤干燥.弹性差.脉搏细速,血压85/55mmHg。其临床类型属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "非典型", "B": "轻型", "C": "中型(典型)", "D": "重型"}, "answer": "中型(典型)", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "50岁男性,外伤后致胫腓骨中1/3骨折,手法复位后,长腿石膏管型外固定。4周后,石膏管型于膝部有折断,未给处理,3个月后X线片复查见骨折略有移位,骨折线清晰。2.该患者下一步的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "切开复位内固定", "B": "切开复位植骨内固定加长腿石膏外固定", "C": "切开复位植骨及长腿石膏管型外固定", "D": "更换长腿石膏管型,继续外固定"}, "answer": "更换长腿石膏管型,继续外固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "属于非特异性免疫的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "致敏T淋巴细胞", "B": "IgG抗体", "C": "IgM抗体", "D": "单核-巨噬细胞"}, "answer": "单核-巨噬细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,40岁。因持续胸痛1天就诊。10天前曾发热伴咳嗽。查体:BP 120/70mmHg,心界不大,心率84次/分,律齐,胸骨左缘第3、4肋间可闻及性质粗糙、高音调、与心搏一致的双期搔抓样杂音,与呼吸无关。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "限制型心肌病", "B": "急性心包炎", "C": "肥厚型心肌病", "D": "急性胸膜炎"}, "answer": "急性心包炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,42岁。呕吐、腹泻两天,意识模糊、烦躁不安半天急诊入院。查体:血压110/70mmHg,神志恍惚,巩膜中度黄染,颈部可见数枚蜘蛛痣,心肺未见异常,腹软,肝肋下未触及,脾肋下3cm,双上肢散在出血点,Hb 90g/L,WBC 3.2×109/L,血糖7.0mmol/L,尿糖(+),尿酮(-),尿镜检(-)。4.对此患者的治疗,下列各项中不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "禁食蛋白质", "B": "静脉滴注精氨酸", "C": "肥皂水灌肠", "D": "补充支链氨基酸"}, "answer": "肥皂水灌肠", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "普通型流脑临床特征性体征是皮肤(  )。", "options": {"A": "瘀点或瘀斑", "B": "水疱", "C": "黑痂", "D": "斑丘疹"}, "answer": "瘀点或瘀斑", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.大叶性肺炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤维素性炎", "B": "肉芽肿性炎", "C": "浆液性炎", "D": "出血性炎"}, "answer": "纤维素性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.对数期(  )。", "options": {"A": "大多在此产生芽孢、外毒素等", "B": "形态改变,难以辨认", "C": "常在此期进行药物敏感性试验", "D": "细胞全部死亡"}, "answer": "常在此期进行药物敏感性试验", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.碳酸锂的作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阻断中枢5-HT受体", "B": "使突触间隙的Na+浓度下降", "C": "阻断中枢多巴胺D2受体", "D": "抑制中枢PG合成"}, "answer": "使突触间隙的Na+浓度下降", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,59岁。因高热、腹泻静脉点滴庆大霉素治疗,5天后出现恶心、呕吐、伴少尿。查血白细胞总数及分类正常,尿比重1.010,蛋白(+),红细胞0~2/HP,白细胞3~5/HP。血肌酐320μmol/L,尿素氮17mmol/L,尿钠100mmol/L。该患者肾衰最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾小管坏死", "B": "急进性肾小球肾炎", "C": "肾前性氮质血症", "D": "急性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "急性肾小管坏死", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "偏头痛的预防治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "咖啡因麦角胺", "B": "英明格", "C": "苯噻啶", "D": "小剂量阿司匹林"}, "answer": "苯噻啶", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,60岁。间断发热2周,尿黄伴乏力、纳差1周,症状逐渐加重,出现恶心、呕吐,既往体健,无肝病史,病前无饮酒、服药史,病前3周曾去外地旅游。查体:神志清楚,皮肤巩膜黄染,肝肋下2cm,脾肋下可触及,腹水征(-)。实验室检查:ALT 1500U/L,TBil 80μmol/L。2.正确的处理不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "补充维生素", "B": "药物对症治疗", "C": "抗病毒治疗", "D": "清淡饮食"}, "answer": "抗病毒治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不属于早期妊娠诊断的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "检测尿HCG阳性", "B": "阴道壁和子宫颈呈紫蓝色", "C": "黑加征阳性", "D": "黄体酮试验阳性"}, "answer": "黄体酮试验阳性", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列表现中,诊断早期妊娠最可靠的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "妇科检查双合诊子宫变软", "B": "乳房出现蒙氏结节", "C": "子宫增大变软与停经月份相符", "D": "尿频、无尿急"}, "answer": "子宫增大变软与停经月份相符", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "预防肺结核最关键、最有效的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "控制传染源", "B": "锻炼身体、增强免疫力", "C": "早期发现、早期隔离并治愈患者", "D": "婴儿出生后接种卡介苗"}, "answer": "早期发现、早期隔离并治愈患者", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "慢性肾盂肾炎是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "累及肾实质和肾盂粘膜的慢性炎症", "B": "累及肾间质和肾盂粘膜的慢性炎症", "C": "累及肾髓质和肾盂粘膜的慢性炎症", "D": "累及肾实质、间质和肾盂粘膜的慢性炎症"}, "answer": "累及肾间质和肾盂粘膜的慢性炎症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病患儿最早出现的骨骼改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "方颅", "B": "颅骨软化", "C": "鸡胸或漏斗胸", "D": "手镯或脚镯"}, "answer": "颅骨软化", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,60岁。5天前无明显诱因出现右上腹胀痛,伴畏寒、寒战、发热,最高体温39.2℃,食欲不振,乏力。查体:T 38.5℃,P 90次/分,R 20次/分,BP 140/80mmHg,双肺未闻及干湿性啰音,心律齐,腹软,无肌紧张,肝肋下5cm,有压痛。血常规:Hb 120g/L,WBC 12.2×109/L,N 0.92,PLT 122×109/L。腹部B超:右肝内多个直径2cm~3cm液性暗区。抗感染治疗主要针对的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大肠埃希菌", "B": "表皮葡萄球菌", "C": "鲍曼不动杆菌", "D": "梭状芽胞杆菌"}, "answer": "大肠埃希菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,59岁。2型糖尿病病史7年,口服格列本脲15mg/d和二甲双胍2.0g/d治疗。8个月前眼底检查可见微血管瘤、出血和硬性渗出。近1个月来视力明显减退,眼底检查可见视网膜新生血管形成和玻璃体积血。BP 160/100mmHg,BMI 28.4㎏/㎡,空腹血糖7.1mmol/L,餐后2小时血糖14.6mmol/L,糖化血红蛋白7.6%。1.目前该患者糖尿病视网膜病变的分期为(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅰ期", "B": "Ⅴ期", "C": "Ⅱ期", "D": "Ⅳ期"}, "answer": "Ⅳ期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "选择性免疫球蛋白缺陷不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "选择性IgA缺陷", "B": "选择性IgE缺陷", "C": "选择性IgG亚类缺陷", "D": "IgM升高的IgG和IgA缺陷"}, "answer": "选择性IgE缺陷", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列抗菌药物在外科疾病的应用中,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可减少术后并发症,增加手术安全性", "B": "严重创伤、大面积烧伤应预防性应用抗菌药物", "C": "全身情况不良的患者,应尽量选用杀菌性的抗生素治疗感染", "D": "严重感染患者,在体温正常、全身情况和局部感染灶好转后3~4天即可停药,不需使用更长时间"}, "answer": "严重感染患者,在体温正常、全身情况和局部感染灶好转后3~4天即可停药,不需使用更长时间", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "典型溃疡性结肠炎患者大便的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "稀水样便", "B": "黏液便", "C": "蛋花样便", "D": "黏液脓血便"}, "answer": "黏液脓血便", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项为应提倡的医患关系模式?(  )", "options": {"A": "指导-合作型", "B": "共同参与型", "C": "根据具体情况确定", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "根据具体情况确定", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,76岁。一年来日常活动时即感胸闷,3天前突发夜间阵发性呼吸困难,伴咳粉红泡沫痰。查体:BP 100/70mmHg,心尖搏动呈抬举样,胸骨右缘第二肋间可闻及4/6级收缩期喷射样杂音,向颈部传导,双肺可闻及散在细湿啰音。1.对明确诊断最有帮助的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心电图", "B": "胸部CT", "C": "超声心动图", "D": "心电图运动负荷试验"}, "answer": "超声心动图", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.血站的设置条件(  )。", "options": {"A": "将血液应用于临床,以挽救伤病者的生命,维护其健康", "B": "血站应当为献血者提供各种安全、卫生、便利的条件", "C": "血站应当为献血者提供整洁、安静、美观的环境", "D": "必须经国务院卫生行政部门或者省、自治区、直辖市人民政府卫生行政部门批准"}, "answer": "血站应当为献血者提供各种安全、卫生、便利的条件", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.干酪性(结核性)肺炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "起病急骤、寒战、高热", "B": "经治疗后肺部病变完全消退,肺组织恢复正常", "C": "两项都有", "D": "两项都无"}, "answer": "起病急骤、寒战、高热", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于外毒素的叙述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "毒性较强", "B": "无抗原性", "C": "主要由革兰阴性菌产生,少数革兰阳性菌也可产生", "D": "以上均对"}, "answer": "毒性较强", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.具有CD3分子表面抗原的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "T", "B": "B", "C": "NK", "D": "嗜酸粒细胞"}, "answer": "T", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于酶的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "酶对底物都有绝对专一性", "B": "有些RNA具有酶的活性", "C": "酶只能在中性环境中发挥作用", "D": "所有酶均以酶原形式存在"}, "answer": "有些RNA具有酶的活性", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "窗前落下一片纸屑,病人突然意识到有人在散发传单陷害自己,此症状属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "反射性幻觉", "B": "机能性幻觉", "C": "心因性幻觉", "D": "原发性妄想"}, "answer": "原发性妄想", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "免疫增强疗法不宜用于(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸内寄生菌感染", "B": "自身免疫病", "C": "肿瘤", "D": "病毒或真菌感染"}, "answer": "自身免疫病", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "机体内环境是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "体液", "B": "细胞内液", "C": "细胞外液", "D": "组织液"}, "answer": "细胞外液", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.过敏性紫癜关节炎改变特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤环形红斑", "B": "抗链球菌抗体增高", "C": "骨关节面损伤", "D": "关节痛伴皮疹压之不褪色"}, "answer": "关节痛伴皮疹压之不褪色", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在我国,1岁内小儿需完成的基础计划免疫中,不包括下列中哪项(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡介苗", "B": "脊髓灰质炎疫苗", "C": "百日咳-白喉-破伤风混合疫苗", "D": "乙型脑炎疫苗"}, "answer": "乙型脑炎疫苗", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于全胃肠外营养的适应证,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高位肠瘘", "B": "乙状结肠瘘", "C": "坏死性胰腺炎", "D": "急性肾功能衰竭"}, "answer": "乙状结肠瘘", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,26岁,分娩时大出血,出现呆滞、情感淡漠、缺乏主动性、言语减少、思维迟钝、闭经、乳房萎缩、阴毛和腋毛脱落,诊断为脑垂体前叶功能减退所致精神障碍,对该病人的治疗下列哪项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "甲状腺素", "B": "雌激素", "C": "慎用奋乃静", "D": "慎用氯丙嗪"}, "answer": "慎用氯丙嗪", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.男,55岁,突发胸痛伴大汗3小时,有吸烟史,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部X线片", "B": "心肌核磁显影", "C": "心电图", "D": "超声心动图"}, "answer": "心电图", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.上述疾病中,脑脊液墨汁染色阳性的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中毒性脑病", "B": "化脓性脑膜炎", "C": "隐球菌性脑膜炎", "D": "结核性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "隐球菌性脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下不符合毛细支气管炎特征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸困难,喘憋为突出表现", "B": "病原体多为呼吸道合胞病毒感染", "C": "可有梗阻性肺气肿体征", "D": "红霉素治疗有效"}, "answer": "红霉素治疗有效", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,20岁。近半年来无原因地认为同事指桑骂槐地谈论她,街上行人的举动、电视内容都是针对她的。认为自己的一举一动别人能知道,别人在她家里装了窃听器,因此心情烦躁,不思饮食,情绪低沉。体检及神经系统未见异常。该病人可能患的精神障碍为(  )。", "options": {"A": "人格障碍", "B": "精神分裂症", "C": "抑郁症", "D": "心理生理障碍"}, "answer": "精神分裂症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,67岁。车祸后即昏迷,伤后2小时被送往医院。查体:昏迷状态,左顶枕部有一直径4cm头皮血肿,右侧瞳孔散大,对光反应消失,左侧肢体肌张力增高,病理反射阳性。头颅CT示右额颞部骨板下新月形高密度影。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右额颞急性硬脑膜下积液,脑疝", "B": "右额颞急性硬脑膜外血肿,脑疝", "C": "右额颞颅内血肿,脑疝", "D": "右额颞急性硬脑膜下血肿,脑疝"}, "answer": "右额颞急性硬脑膜下血肿,脑疝", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "传染病的治疗与普通疾病的不同点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "做好护理和心理治疗", "B": "对症治疗", "C": "病原特效疗法", "D": "康复疗法"}, "answer": "病原特效疗法", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.恶性高血压病细小动脉属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "干酪样坏死", "B": "脂肪坏死", "C": "坏疽", "D": "纤维素样坏死"}, "answer": "纤维素样坏死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医学伦理学规范的本质在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "稳定性与变动性的统一", "B": "共性与个性的统一", "C": "科学性与伦理性的统一", "D": "客观性与主观性的统一"}, "answer": "客观性与主观性的统一", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下面哪一句话是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "股骨颈内收骨折是指Pauwels角大于50°的骨折", "B": "股骨颈外展骨折是指Pauwels角小于30°的骨折", "C": "股骨颈外展型骨折不属于稳定骨折", "D": "股骨颈骨折分为头下型、经颈型、基底骨折"}, "answer": "股骨颈外展型骨折不属于稳定骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性乳腺炎形成脓肿后行切开引流时,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "除乳晕下脓肿外,切口应做放射状", "B": "脓肿较大时可作对口引流", "C": "不要分离脓肿隔膜,以防炎症扩散", "D": "乳房后脓肿可做乳房下缘弧形切口"}, "answer": "不要分离脓肿隔膜,以防炎症扩散", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.术后声音变低(  )。", "options": {"A": "喉返神经损伤", "B": "喉上神经内支损伤", "C": "喉上神经外支损伤", "D": "手术区内出血"}, "answer": "喉上神经外支损伤", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列各种疾患中,不属于结节性甲状腺肿手术适应证的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸骨后甲状腺肿", "B": "结节性甲状腺肿继发功能亢进者", "C": "20岁前的弥漫性甲状腺肿", "D": "出现气管或食管压迫症状者"}, "answer": "20岁前的弥漫性甲状腺肿", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "引起小儿支气管肺炎脓胸的病原菌主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "链球菌", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "C": "革兰阴性杆菌", "D": "厌氧菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.肾上腺髓质激素大量释放时(  )。", "options": {"A": "血压升高,心率加快", "B": "血压升高,心率加慢", "C": "血压降低,心率加慢", "D": "心率和血压均无变化"}, "answer": "血压升高,心率加快", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿于某日因发热3日到县医院就诊,接诊医师林某检查后拟诊为流行性出血热。因县医院不具备隔离治疗条件,林某遂嘱患儿的家长带于某去市传染病医院就诊。按照传染病防治法的规定,林某应当(  )。", "options": {"A": "请上级医师会诊,确诊后再转诊", "B": "向医院领导报告,确诊后对于某就地进行隔离", "C": "向当地疾病控制机构报告,并复印病历资料转诊", "D": "向当地疾病控制机构报告,由疾病控制机构转诊"}, "answer": "向当地疾病控制机构报告,并复印病历资料转诊", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,25岁,右手腕部被机器绞伤,皮肤脱套,异常活动,创口流血,正确的处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "简单包扎,消炎治疗", "B": "直接缝合,包扎伤口", "C": "清创后有骨折和脱位者,必须复位固定", "D": "肌腱损伤修补后立即进行功能锻炼,防止粘连"}, "answer": "清创后有骨折和脱位者,必须复位固定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性胰腺炎发病12小时以内,哪一项实验室检查诊断比较准确?(  )", "options": {"A": "血钙", "B": "血糖", "C": "血淀粉酶", "D": "血脂肪酶"}, "answer": "血淀粉酶", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "调节胰岛素分泌的最重要因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血糖水平", "B": "血脂水平", "C": "胰高血糖素", "D": "神经调节"}, "answer": "血糖水平", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿,体重8kg,身长68cm,会抬头,会独坐,会爬,不会站,萌牙2枚。为判断骨骼发育年龄,最有临床意义的X线拍片部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膝部", "B": "左手指", "C": "左手掌", "D": "左手腕"}, "answer": "膝部", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某男,43岁,不间断饮白酒史20年,有时清晨即饮酒,近一月来出现失眠,无端怀疑妻子不忠,若其妻与异性交谈即发怒。2.选择治疗方案最佳的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "长期口服精神病药物", "B": "戒酒、适量抗精神药物", "C": "行为、心理治疗", "D": "脱离刺激环境,适量抗精神药物"}, "answer": "戒酒、适量抗精神药物", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,57岁,饭馆经理,因帮助服务员抬啤酒箱,突然发作前胸部剧痛并向左肩放射,伴有恶心、呕吐,发作后半小时入院。查体,患者心率缓慢,皮肤苍白而潮湿,心电图示ST段升高。X线检查,胸部未见异常。诊断为心肌梗死。心肌梗死的常见原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "冠状动脉血栓栓塞", "B": "冠状动脉粥样硬化合并血栓形成", "C": "主动脉瓣狭窄", "D": "梅毒性心脏病"}, "answer": "冠状动脉粥样硬化合并血栓形成", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是新斯的明最强的作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "兴奋膀胱平滑肌", "B": "兴奋胃肠道平滑肌", "C": "缩小瞳孔", "D": "兴奋骨骼肌"}, "answer": "兴奋骨骼肌", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "消化道溃疡最常见的并发症为(  )。", "options": {"A": "癌变", "B": "出血", "C": "幽门梗阻", "D": "贲门梗阻"}, "answer": "出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "卫生计生行政部门可以责令发生医疗事故的医疗人员暂停执业活动的期限是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1个月以上3个月以下", "B": "6个月以上1年以下", "C": "3个月以上6个月以下", "D": "1年以上18以下"}, "answer": "6个月以上1年以下", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,58岁,渐发性双上肢震颤、活动不利半年。既往体健,无慢性疾病史。头颅MRI无异常发现。查体:面部表情呆滞,四肢肌张力增高,齿轮样,双上肢向前平伸时可见4或5次/分钟震颤,双手指鼻试验正常。3.首选治疗药物为(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯妥英钠", "B": "左旋多巴", "C": "地西泮", "D": "多巴胺"}, "answer": "左旋多巴", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项不是独特型网络的特点(  )。", "options": {"A": "多层次级联", "B": "闭合型网络", "C": "依赖于外来抗原刺激", "D": "周期性循环"}, "answer": "依赖于外来抗原刺激", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "乳癌出现表面橘皮征的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳房皮下淋巴管被癌细胞堵塞", "B": "癌肿侵入乳管使其收缩", "C": "癌细胞浸润大片皮肤", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "乳房皮下淋巴管被癌细胞堵塞", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,11岁,小学五年级学生,以往成绩优良。近1个月来上课做小动作,走路不稳,握笔困难,不能完成作业。3个月前曾患猩红热。体检:右侧面部肌肉不自主抽动,肢体无意识地舞动,肌张力稍低,Barbinski征阴性,心率110次/min,心尖区2/6级收缩期杂音。2.入院后进行如下检查,哪项结果不属于本病的表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "抗“O”500单位", "B": "C反应蛋白阴性", "C": "EEG有癫痫样放电波", "D": "EKG示P-R间期延长"}, "answer": "EEG有癫痫样放电波", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,65岁。医生问他:“你吃饭了吗?”答:“刚吃过。”问:“你多大岁数了?”答:“刚吃过。”问:“你家在那里住?”答:“刚吃过。”此症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "刻板言语", "B": "重复言语", "C": "持续言语", "D": "音韵联想"}, "answer": "持续言语", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪一种血浆蛋白异常与肝豆状核变性有关?(  )", "options": {"A": "结合珠蛋白", "B": "铜蓝蛋白", "C": "转铁蛋白", "D": "γ-球蛋白"}, "answer": "铜蓝蛋白", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.Battle征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅前窝骨折", "B": "开放性骨折", "C": "线形骨折", "D": "颅中窝骨折"}, "answer": "颅中窝骨折", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "糖尿病一般不会出现的血管病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "玻璃样变性", "B": "淀粉样变性", "C": "纤维化", "D": "钙化"}, "answer": "淀粉样变性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男孩,2岁。右腹股沟包块,卧床可消失,右侧阴囊内未触及睾丸。B超示右侧睾丸位于右腹股沟。正确的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹股沟疝高位结扎术", "B": "右侧睾丸切除", "C": "疝囊高位结扎+睾丸下降固定术", "D": "绒毛膜促性腺激素治疗"}, "answer": "疝囊高位结扎+睾丸下降固定术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "行胃高选择性迷走神经切断术时,作为保留分支标志的是其(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃前支", "B": "肝胆支", "C": "“鸦爪”支", "D": "腹腔支"}, "answer": "“鸦爪”支", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "属于胎盘功能检查的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "测定孕妇尿雌二醇值", "B": "测定孕妇血清游离雌三醇值", "C": "测定孕妇尿催产素酶值", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "测定孕妇血清游离雌三醇值", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.CM(  )。", "options": {"A": "运送内源性TG", "B": "运送外源性TG", "C": "蛋白质含量最高", "D": "与冠状动脉粥样硬化的发生率呈负相关"}, "answer": "运送外源性TG", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,20岁。因乏力、纳差1个月,尿少、水肿及高血压1周。实验室检查发现贫血、血尿、蛋白尿,补体C3正常,血肌酐和尿素氮均升高。B超双肾增大,临床诊断为急性肾衰竭。1.如果血清抗肾小球基底膜抗体阳性,下列疾病中最可能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "过敏性紫癜", "B": "Ⅰ型急进性肾炎", "C": "急性链球菌感染后肾小球肾炎", "D": "IgA肾病"}, "answer": "Ⅰ型急进性肾炎", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列组织中最易完全再生修复的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨组织", "B": "神经组织", "C": "上皮组织", "D": "平滑肌组织"}, "answer": "骨组织", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,24岁。浸润性肺结核患者,使用“异烟肼、利福平、吡嗪酰胺、乙胺丁醇”四联抗结核治疗,治疗过程中患者双手及双足麻木感,首先应采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "加用维生素B6", "B": "停用利福平", "C": "停用吡嗪酰胺", "D": "停用异烟肼"}, "answer": "加用维生素B6", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,12岁,经常患感冒和肺炎。查体:心前区隆起,无震颤,胸骨左缘第2肋间可闻及Ⅱ级喷射性杂音,P2>A2伴有固定分裂,心电显示电轴右偏,V1呈rsR′波形,RV114mm,PV12mm,P-R间期0.6秒。2.该患儿的超声心动图改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左心房,左心室内径增宽,主动脉内径增宽", "B": "右房增大,右室流出道增宽,室间隔与左室后壁呈矛盾运动", "C": "左心房,右心房,右心室内径增宽,室间隔活动正常", "D": "右心室和右心房内径增宽,右心室前壁及室间隔增厚"}, "answer": "右房增大,右室流出道增宽,室间隔与左室后壁呈矛盾运动", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,55岁,患高血压病2年多,常头痛、头晕,睡眠困难,记忆力下降,情绪不稳,烦躁。其诊断首先应考虑是(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经衰弱", "B": "神经衰弱综合征", "C": "焦虑症", "D": "抑郁症"}, "answer": "神经衰弱综合征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,26岁,病史不清,昏迷不醒、抽搐来就诊,查体:呼吸困难、皮肤湿冷、瞳孔明显缩小,下述哪一种疾病可能性大(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿托品中毒", "B": "C0中毒", "C": "巴比妥类药物中毒", "D": "有机磷中毒"}, "answer": "有机磷中毒", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,25岁。3天前受惊吓后突然不语不动,不吃不喝,肌体僵硬,口中唾液外流,不知主动吐出,晚间自己到厨房找吃的。患者2年前曾有空闻语,捡拾垃圾等怪异行为,持续一个月好转。患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "分离(转换)性障碍", "B": "急性应激障碍", "C": "精神分裂症", "D": "妄想性障碍"}, "answer": "精神分裂症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "降低总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白最明显的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多烯脂肪酸", "B": "烟酸", "C": "普罗布考", "D": "洛伐他汀"}, "answer": "洛伐他汀", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肺结核所致支气管扩张最好发的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上叶尖后段", "B": "上叶前段", "C": "右中叶", "D": "下叶基底段"}, "answer": "上叶尖后段", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.异烟肼(  )。", "options": {"A": "可引起外周神经炎", "B": "对动物有致畸形作用", "C": "可引起耳鸣、耳聋", "D": "可引起关节疼痛"}, "answer": "可引起外周神经炎", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,30岁。发现高血压1年,发热、咽痛3天,肉眼血尿1天。查体:BP 160/100mmHg,咽红,扁桃体Ⅱ度,双下肢水肿。化验:尿蛋白2.56g/24h,尿沉渣镜检RBC满视野,血肌酐210μmol/L,尿比重1.018,肝功能正常,乙肝两对半阴性,血IgA升高。无高血压家族史。2.最可能的病理诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膜性肾病", "B": "微小病变", "C": "IgA肾病", "D": "毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "IgA肾病", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为影响识记的主要因素?(  )", "options": {"A": "注意力不集中", "B": "情感高涨", "C": "脑部器质性疾病", "D": "情绪低落"}, "answer": "注意力不集中", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列疾病中.属于原发性心肌病范畴的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "感染性心肌病", "B": "酒精性心肌病", "C": "自身免疫性心肌病", "D": "致心律失常型右室心肌病"}, "answer": "致心律失常型右室心肌病", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "中老年妇女,一侧乳房内单一无症状包块,对侧阴性,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤维腺瘤", "B": "乳房囊性增生病", "C": "乳房结核", "D": "乳癌"}, "answer": "乳癌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "脊髓病变导致音叉振动觉及位置觉缺失的病变位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮质脊髓束", "B": "脊髓后角细胞", "C": "脊髓丘脑束", "D": "薄束与楔束"}, "answer": "薄束与楔束", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,48岁,既往有冶游史,25岁时有皮肤损害,31岁时结婚,妻子第二年怀孕流产,3年前因精神因素呈兴奋状态,大声喊叫,焦虑、苦闷、坐立不安,夜间看见一个人腾云驾雾。躯体检查:无特殊体征。神经系统检查:右瞳孔缩小,光反射消失,面神经不全麻痹,手指及眼睑轻微震颤,右上肢霍夫曼征(+)。精神检查:有幻听,“耳边听到滔滔不绝说话声,发出粗鲁的谩骂声”,记忆力减退,情绪低落,易激动。2.诊断考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑梅毒所致精神障碍", "B": "脑血管病所致精神障碍", "C": "精神分裂症", "D": "抑郁症"}, "answer": "脑梅毒所致精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,70岁,软弱无力,进食减少,口渴、多尿2周,近2天嗜睡。急诊检查:血压70/50mmHg,神志朦胧,皮肤干燥失水,呼吸34次/分,心率108次/分,尿糖(++++),尿酮(±)。既往无糖尿病史。2.为明确诊断,除血糖测定外,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血电解质+BUN、Cr", "B": "糖基化血红蛋+BUN、Cr", "C": "血酮体+血气分析", "D": "血乳酸+血气分析"}, "answer": "血电解质+BUN、Cr", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.水肿、尿少2周,尿蛋白定量为3.6g/24h,尿红细胞(+++),尿蛋白电泳有白蛋白、免疫球蛋白、C3,属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "滤过膜受损", "B": "基底膜受损", "C": "分子屏障受损", "D": "系膜基质受损"}, "answer": "分子屏障受损", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,55岁,进行性吞咽困难3个月,体重下降5kg,查体无阳性所见。3.关于食管吞钡X线片描述下列哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "食管呈鸟嘴样改变", "B": "食管充盈缺损", "C": "食管管壁僵硬", "D": "龛影"}, "answer": "食管呈鸟嘴样改变", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.幽门梗阻剧烈呕吐的病人,呼吸浅、慢、手足搐搦,血清pH 7.5,诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "代谢性酸中毒", "B": "代谢性碱中毒", "C": "呼吸性酸中毒", "D": "呼吸性碱中毒"}, "answer": "代谢性碱中毒", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.引起动作电位的去极化的临界电位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动作电位", "B": "局部电位", "C": "阈电位", "D": "突触后电位"}, "answer": "阈电位", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性持续性疼痛阵发性加剧并休克,最可能的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "绞窄性肠梗阻", "B": "泌尿结石,肾绞痛", "C": "外伤性肝破裂", "D": "急性单纯性肠梗阻"}, "answer": "绞窄性肠梗阻", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.代谢性碱中毒主要是由于体内(  )。", "options": {"A": "PaCO2升高", "B": "HCO3-增多", "C": "PaCO2降低", "D": "阴离子间隙减少"}, "answer": "HCO3-增多", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.搏出量占心室舒张末期容积的百分比称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "搏出量", "B": "搏功", "C": "射血分数", "D": "心输出量"}, "answer": "射血分数", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "世界上第一个以文件形式提出无偿献血原则的国际组织是(  )。", "options": {"A": "国际红十字会", "B": "国际红新月会", "C": "国际红十字会与红新月会", "D": "世界卫生组织、国际红十字会、国际红新月会"}, "answer": "国际红十字会与红新月会", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,女,7岁。近年来多次从睡眠中惊吓一声醒来,表情恐惧,呼吸急促,出汗,持续数分钟,对家人的呼唤没有相应的反应,早晨起来后往往不能回忆。脑电图检查无特殊发现。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "梦魇", "B": "夜惊", "C": "分离性障碍", "D": "神经衰弱"}, "answer": "夜惊", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以下治疗立克次体引起斑疹伤寒的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红霉素", "B": "四环素", "C": "氧氟沙星", "D": "青霉素G"}, "answer": "四环素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "易引起免疫耐受性的抗原注射途径为(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉>皮下/肌肉>腹腔", "B": "静脉>腹腔>皮下/肌肉", "C": "腹腔>皮下/肌肉>静脉", "D": "皮下/肌肉>腹腔>静脉"}, "answer": "静脉>腹腔>皮下/肌肉", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5.腓神经麻痹将出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "跨阈步态", "B": "慌张步态", "C": "剪刀样步态", "D": "划圈样步态"}, "answer": "跨阈步态", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,19岁。反复镜下血尿2年。无水肿、高血压。尿沉渣镜检红细胞10~20/HP,变形红细胞为主,尿蛋白阴性,血肌酐70μmol/L。临床最可能诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "无症状性血尿", "B": "IgA肾病", "C": "泌尿系统肿瘤", "D": "急性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "IgA肾病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肝硬化肝性脑病时,患者血氨升高,下列用于降血氨的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "L-鸟氨酸-L-天冬氨酸", "B": "氟马西尼", "C": "亮氨酸", "D": "异亮氨酸"}, "answer": "L-鸟氨酸-L-天冬氨酸", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "腹膜炎典型的三联征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "压痛、反跳痛、腹肌紧张", "B": "腹痛、腹泻、腹部包块", "C": "压痛、反跳痛、腹部包块", "D": "腹痛、腹泻、腹部包块"}, "answer": "压痛、反跳痛、腹肌紧张", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "以下哪项是外伤性颅内血肿的主要致命因素?(  )", "options": {"A": "急性脑疝", "B": "蛛网膜下腔出血", "C": "昏迷所致肺部感染", "D": "弥漫性脑水肿"}, "answer": "急性脑疝", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,22岁,右大腿刀刺伤18h,刀口处红肿,有渗出液,目前的治疗最适当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "清创缝合", "B": "局部固定", "C": "清理伤口后换药", "D": "抗生素治疗"}, "answer": "清理伤口后换药", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,4岁,8月10日以“发热、腹泻3天,抽搐、神志不清4小时”主诉入院。查体:BP 90/60mmHg,P 90/分,T 39.5℃,神志不清,呼之不应,双侧瞳孔不等大,颈强,心肺未见异常。化验末梢血WBC 21×109/L,N 90%,L 10%。该患儿应立即给予(  )。", "options": {"A": "甘露醇", "B": "头孢菌素", "C": "哥拉灌肠", "D": "多巴胺"}, "answer": "甘露醇", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是肝素抗凝的主要作用机制?(  )", "options": {"A": "抑制血小板的聚集", "B": "抑制凝血酶原的激活", "C": "促进纤维蛋白吸附凝血酶", "D": "增强抗凝血酶Ⅲ活性"}, "answer": "增强抗凝血酶Ⅲ活性", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不属于氯丙嗪作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "调节体温", "B": "阻断M受体", "C": "激动α受体", "D": "减少生长激素分泌"}, "answer": "激动α受体", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.通过性接触传播的病毒是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人乳头瘤病毒", "B": "脊髓灰质炎病毒", "C": "冠状病毒", "D": "EB病毒"}, "answer": "人乳头瘤病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "哪项是急性硬膜外血肿最具特征性的表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "中间清醒期", "B": "两侧瞳孔不对称", "C": "颅骨骨折线跨过脑膜中动脉沟", "D": "对侧肢体瘫痪或锥体束征阳性"}, "answer": "中间清醒期", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性颅内压增高病人的生命体征变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血压下降、脉搏变快、呼吸浅快", "B": "血压下降、脉搏变慢、呼吸深慢", "C": "血压升高、脉搏变慢、呼吸深慢", "D": "血压升高、脉搏变快、呼吸浅快"}, "answer": "血压升高、脉搏变慢、呼吸深慢", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "原发性肝癌最常见的组织学类型为(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺癌", "B": "未分化癌", "C": "单纯癌", "D": "肝细胞癌"}, "answer": "肝细胞癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列不符合轻型腹泻特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃肠道症状为主", "B": "无明显的全身症状", "C": "有脱水症状", "D": "可由饮食因素引起"}, "answer": "有脱水症状", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "腹股沟疝处理原则正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2岁以下,疝环直径小于1.5cm的婴幼儿可暂不手术", "B": "如果伴有引起腹内压增高的疾病,必须处理后再择期手术", "C": "无张力疝修补术强调必须高位结扎疝囊", "D": "嵌顿时间在6小时内的疝应首先试行手法复位"}, "answer": "如果伴有引起腹内压增高的疾病,必须处理后再择期手术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "骨髓中不出现幼红细胞的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性失血后贫血", "B": "溶血性贫血", "C": "骨髓纤维化", "D": "再障"}, "answer": "再障", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.新生儿滴眼(  )。", "options": {"A": "1%硝酸银溶液", "B": "2%来苏水", "C": "2%戊二醛溶液", "D": "0.2~0.5ppm氯"}, "answer": "1%硝酸银溶液", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某人由平卧位突然站立,静脉回心血量减少,每搏输出量、动脉血压降低,该人搏出量减少是因为下列哪项引起?(  )", "options": {"A": "心迷走神经兴奋", "B": "心交感神经兴奋", "C": "异长调节", "D": "等长调节"}, "answer": "异长调节", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.周围型多为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺鳞状细胞癌", "B": "肺腺癌", "C": "肺小细胞癌", "D": "肺细支气管肺泡细胞癌"}, "answer": "肺腺癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "怀疑胰腺癌首选的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "MRI", "B": "B超检查", "C": "CT", "D": "X线气钡双重造影"}, "answer": "B超检查", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于癫痫下述哪一项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "遗传因素和环境因素均可影响痫性发作", "B": "按照病因可分特发性癫痫和症状性癫痫", "C": "每一位癫痫患者只有一种发作类型", "D": "癫痫的临床表现可分痫性发作和癫痫症两方面"}, "answer": "每一位癫痫患者只有一种发作类型", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "初产妇,足月,宫口开全1.5小时,胎头已达盆底,持续性枕左横位,处理应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "等其自然回转", "B": "催产素静脉滴注", "C": "人工协助逆时针转90°", "D": "人工协助顺时针转90°"}, "answer": "人工协助逆时针转90°", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "结核菌素试验假阴性反应不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "部分危重结核病患者", "B": "结核变态反应前期(初次感染后4~8周)", "C": "急性传染病", "D": "应用肾上腺皮质激素治疗时"}, "answer": "结核变态反应前期(初次感染后4~8周)", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,66岁,既往无心肌梗死病史,情绪激动后突发胸闷、气短,伴大汗和呕吐。2小时后达急诊室,测血压170/105mmHg。心率108次/min,心电图V1~V4导联ST段抬高,入院即刻采血,肌钙蛋白测定阴性。患者既往高血压病史10年,糖尿病病史8年。3.处置不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "重复测定肌钙蛋白,等结果回来再确定下一步的治疗", "B": "直接送CCU溶栓或者导管室行直接PTCA(经皮冠状动脉腔内血管成形术)治疗", "C": "立即嚼服阿司匹林", "D": "如果血容量允许,可适量给予利尿剂"}, "answer": "重复测定肌钙蛋白,等结果回来再确定下一步的治疗", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不符合典型热性惊厥表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多数呈全身性强直阵挛性发作", "B": "初期体温骤升可达39℃", "C": "惊厥复发总次数≤4次", "D": "惊厥持续>10分钟"}, "answer": "惊厥持续>10分钟", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "7岁女童,性格腼腆,近1个月来频繁出现夜间睡眠时哭喊,多在前半夜,并拍打被褥,神情恐惧,难以唤醒,约5min后安静重新入睡,次日不能回忆夜间发生之事。2.可行的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "少量地西泮", "B": "氯丙嗪", "C": "丁螺环酮", "D": "不需治疗"}, "answer": "少量地西泮", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性肝衰竭实验室检查一般不会出现的结果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "转氨酶增高", "B": "胆红素增高", "C": "凝血酶原时间缩短", "D": "纤维蛋白原减少"}, "answer": "凝血酶原时间缩短", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,35岁。肛周持续性剧烈疼痛2天,局部有肿物突出,无便血。查体:肛周1.0cm直径的肿物,呈暗紫色,表面光滑,水肿,质硬有触痛。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直肠肛管黑色素瘤", "B": "内痔脱出嵌顿", "C": "血栓性外痔", "D": "混合痔"}, "answer": "血栓性外痔", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,55岁。车祸伤现场。查体:T 36.5℃,P 100次/分,R 22次/分,BP 100/60mmHg,意识模糊,呼吸浅促,右侧额部皮肤裂口1cm,裂口内见搏动性出血,双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心律齐,腹软,无压痛。现场紧急的止血方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "指压法", "B": "止血带法", "C": "三角巾包扎法", "D": "局部止血剂"}, "answer": "三角巾包扎法", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.皮肤弥漫充血,上有密集针尖大小丘疹(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹", "B": "风疹", "C": "猩红热", "D": "水痘"}, "answer": "猩红热", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "保守病人的秘密,其实质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尊重患者自主", "B": "医患双方平等", "C": "保护患者隐私", "D": "不伤害患者自尊"}, "answer": "尊重患者自主", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不符合妄想特征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内容与客观现实不符合", "B": "是一种病理的信念", "C": "内容多与患者自身相关", "D": "受教育越高越容易出现"}, "answer": "受教育越高越容易出现", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,36岁,上腹部周期性疼痛、反酸、嗳气,钡剂胃透见胃窦小弯侧有一直径2cm溃疡,边缘整齐,溃疡周围黏膜呈放射状。应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃黏膜糜烂", "B": "胃腐蚀性炎症", "C": "胃溃疡病", "D": "应激性溃疡"}, "answer": "胃溃疡病", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者右眼不能闭合,示齿时口角向左侧歪斜,右侧鼻唇沟浅,右侧颞肌及咬肌萎缩,张口时下颌向右侧偏斜,提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "右侧面神经麻痹", "B": "右侧面神经伴左侧三叉神经麻痹", "C": "右侧面神经伴右侧三叉神经麻痹", "D": "左侧面神经伴右侧三叉神经麻痹"}, "answer": "右侧面神经伴右侧三叉神经麻痹", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,32岁,反复发作腹泻3年,伴便前腹痛,便后缓解,体重无变化。近3个月来由于变换工作不顺利等原因。上述症状加重,每日大便5~6次,有黏液,无脓血。使用抗生素治疗效果欠佳。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠易激综合征", "B": "感染性腹泻", "C": "抗生素相关性腹泻", "D": "溃疡性结肠炎"}, "answer": "肠易激综合征", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "高血压病引起心脏改变的特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左心室扩张", "B": "左心室向心性肥大", "C": "弥漫性心肌纤维化", "D": "以上均不是"}, "answer": "左心室向心性肥大", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,60岁,因呼吸困难2天住院,住院时突然出现晕厥,既往2年前有广泛前壁心肌梗死病史。1.该患者晕厥最可能的原因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "三度房室传导阻滞", "B": "一度房室传导阻滞", "C": "室速", "D": "室颤"}, "answer": "室颤", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "出血性梗死常发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "脾、肾", "B": "肾、肺", "C": "心、肾", "D": "肺、肠"}, "answer": "肺、肠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,女,4岁,反复咳嗽2个月。查体:体温正常,浅表淋巴结(-)。咽(-),两肺布满哮鸣音,无水泡音,反复抗生素治疗不愈,以往无呛咳病史,有过敏性鼻炎。4.如肺部存在广泛且持续的哮鸣音,则不能使用(  )。", "options": {"A": "异丙肾上腺素", "B": "沙丁胺醇", "C": "地塞米松", "D": "碳酸氢钠"}, "answer": "碳酸氢钠", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于贮存铁,下述哪一项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "铁蛋白主要在细胞浆中", "B": "含铁血黄素可能是变性的铁蛋白", "C": "体内铁主要贮存在肝、脾、骨髓中", "D": "铁蛋白不溶于水,由皮肤细胞代谢"}, "answer": "铁蛋白不溶于水,由皮肤细胞代谢", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是攻击肿瘤细胞最有效的活性物质?(  )", "options": {"A": "乙型溶素", "B": "补体", "C": "细胞因子", "D": "IgG"}, "answer": "细胞因子", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.局部肿块,无触痛,外伤后始发现见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨结核", "B": "骨肉瘤", "C": "骨坏死", "D": "骨软骨瘤"}, "answer": "骨软骨瘤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪个脏器不发生坏疽?(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺", "B": "下肢", "C": "阑尾", "D": "脑"}, "answer": "脑", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "革兰染色法中所用脱色剂是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙酮", "B": "乙醇", "C": "甲醇", "D": "冰乙酸"}, "answer": "乙醇", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "补体激活后,下列哪项是形成的膜攻击复合物?(  )", "options": {"A": "C5b67", "B": "C5b678", "C": "C4b2b3b", "D": "C5b6789"}, "answer": "C5b6789", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "10天男婴,足月顺产,母乳喂养,家长为预防小儿佝偻病的发生,来医院咨询。3.为预防佝偻病的发生,医生应指导家长(  )。", "options": {"A": "生后4周起口服维生素D3800IU/d", "B": "生后1周起口服维生素D400IU/d", "C": "生后3个月起口服维生素D30.5万~1万IU/d", "D": "生后1个月起肌注维生素D330万IU/次,每2~4周1次,共3次"}, "answer": "生后4周起口服维生素D3800IU/d", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列属于社会行为的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "防御", "B": "好奇", "C": "攻击", "D": "性"}, "answer": "攻击", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.AFP上升,ALT在正常范围。应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝炎后肝硬化代偿期", "B": "原发性肝癌", "C": "慢性乙肝活动期", "D": "妊娠"}, "answer": "妊娠", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在心动周期中,心室血液的充盈主要取决于(  )。", "options": {"A": "心房收缩韵挤压作用", "B": "心室舒张时的“抽吸”作用", "C": "重力作用促进血液进入心室", "D": "骨骼肌的挤压作用促进静脉血回心"}, "answer": "心室舒张时的“抽吸”作用", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肺硅沉着症中,硅结节的叙述不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "早期分布在肺组织内", "B": "晚期为玻璃样变性结节", "C": "其形成与患者从事的职业有关", "D": "其形成与吸入的SiO2颗粒大小和形状有关"}, "answer": "早期分布在肺组织内", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,19岁。初发肾病综合征,应用泼尼松60mg/d治疗8周,水肿无明显好转,复查尿蛋白仍大于3.5g/d,肾活检提示微小病变型肾病。下一步最适宜的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "加用人血白蛋白", "B": "加用免疫抑制剂", "C": "大剂量静脉应用免疫球蛋白", "D": "加用ACEI/ARB"}, "answer": "加用免疫抑制剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项为可进行骨髓移植治疗的贫血?(  )", "options": {"A": "巨幼细胞性贫血", "B": "再生障碍性贫血", "C": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血", "D": "慢性病贫血"}, "answer": "再生障碍性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "足月新生儿,因宫内窘迫产钳助产,羊水Ⅱ度污染,出后不久出现呼吸困难,口周发绀,三凹征(+),肺呼吸音粗糙,心腹(-),四肢肌张力正常,拥抱反射、握持反射存在。1.下列诊断最可能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿吸入性肺炎", "B": "新生儿颅内出血", "C": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病", "D": "新生儿败血症"}, "answer": "新生儿吸入性肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.扩张型心肌病(  )。", "options": {"A": "患者血压明显升高,体检:血压200/130mmHg(26.6/16.9kPa),眼底出血渗出、视盘水肿,实验室报告:肾功能不全", "B": "患者平日有心悸、胸痛、劳力时气促、起立或运动对眩晕,体检:胸骨左缘第3~4肋间可闻较粗糙的喷射性收缩期杂音,屏气时杂音增强", "C": "患者1周前出现发热,全身无力,现自觉心悸、胸闷,体检:心率l20/min,偶闻室性期前收缩,实验室回报CPK、GOT(AST)、LDH增高", "D": "患者气急,端坐呼吸,体检:心脏扩大,听诊可闻及第四心音奔马律,双下肢水肿,超声心动图报告:左心室腔明显扩大"}, "answer": "患者气急,端坐呼吸,体检:心脏扩大,听诊可闻及第四心音奔马律,双下肢水肿,超声心动图报告:左心室腔明显扩大", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.手术后机体抵抗力下降能引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "小叶性肺炎", "B": "大叶性肺炎", "C": "肺气肿", "D": "矽肺"}, "answer": "小叶性肺炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "属于内源性感染的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "无芽孢厌氧菌感染", "B": "淋病奈瑟菌感染", "C": "霍乱弧菌感染", "D": "伤寒沙门菌感染"}, "answer": "无芽孢厌氧菌感染", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,8岁,1月前两下肢发生多数脓疱疮,近5天出现水肿,尿少,呈洗肉水样颜色而入院,肾活检镜下见,肾小球体积大,内皮细胞和系膜细胞大量增生,有中性白细胞、单核细胞浸润,毛细血管壁有节段性纤维素样坏死,应诊为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎", "B": "快速进行性肾小球肾炎", "C": "膜性肾小球病", "D": "慢性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,30岁。因下肢水肿2周就诊。体检:血压27/13kPa(200/100mmHg),尿蛋白(+++)、红细胞10~15个/HP,血Cr 150μmol/L,血白蛋白32g/L。2.本例对诊断和鉴别诊断帮助最小的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "双肾B超检查", "B": "肾脏CT检查", "C": "中段尿培养", "D": "血脂检查"}, "answer": "肾脏CT检查", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.患者,男,56岁,晨起出现右侧偏瘫、言语不清,持续20分钟,头CT检查正常,诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压脑病", "B": "短暂性脑缺血发作", "C": "壳核出血", "D": "脑栓塞"}, "answer": "短暂性脑缺血发作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.是伴有少尿中毒性休克的首选药(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素", "B": "异丙肾上腺素", "C": "多巴胺", "D": "麻黄碱"}, "answer": "多巴胺", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶积分降低多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "再生障碍性贫血", "B": "慢性粒细胞白血病", "C": "脾功能亢进", "D": "骨髓纤维化"}, "answer": "慢性粒细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,61岁。间断上腹痛4年,加重3个月,胃镜检查发现胃角切迹溃疡,幽门螺杆菌阳性。其治疗方案首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "H2受体拮抗剂治疗,6周复查胃镜", "B": "黏膜保护剂治疗,6周复查胃镜", "C": "抗幽门螺杆菌治疗+质子泵抑制剂治疗,6周复查胃镜", "D": "抗幽门螺杆菌治疗,2周复查胃镜"}, "answer": "抗幽门螺杆菌治疗+质子泵抑制剂治疗,6周复查胃镜", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,64岁。乏力、消瘦,伴大便次数增多4个月。查体:面色苍白,腹平软,右侧腹部可触及直径约5cm包块,实验室检查:Hb 80g/L,粪隐血(+),最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "十二指肠癌", "B": "胆囊癌", "C": "阑尾类癌", "D": "升结肠癌"}, "answer": "升结肠癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性颅内压增高的主要临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头痛,呕吐,肢体运动障碍", "B": "血压,呼吸和脉搏改变", "C": "头痛,呕吐,视乳头水肿", "D": "进行性意识障碍"}, "answer": "头痛,呕吐,视乳头水肿", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于精索静脉曲张,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性精索静脉曲张左侧多于右侧", "B": "继发性精索静脉曲张平卧位曲张静脉不消失", "C": "继发性精索静脉曲张可因腹膜后肿瘤、肾肿瘤压迫精索内静脉所致", "D": "长期病例同侧睾丸可发生纤维化"}, "answer": "长期病例同侧睾丸可发生纤维化", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项不是由A群溶血性链球菌引起的疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "亚急性细菌性心内膜炎", "B": "败血症", "C": "风湿热", "D": "猩红热"}, "answer": "亚急性细菌性心内膜炎", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是嘌呤碱在体内分解的终产物?(  )", "options": {"A": "尿酸", "B": "黄嘌呤", "C": "次黄嘌呤", "D": "氨、CO2和有机酸"}, "answer": "尿酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "哪种疾病的外周血中不出现幼红细胞?(  )", "options": {"A": "急性失血后贫血", "B": "骨髓纤维化", "C": "溶血性贫血", "D": "再障"}, "answer": "再障", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,26岁。全身水肿,尿少半月。查体:BP 21.3/13.3kPa(160/100mmHg),尿蛋白(+++),RBC(+)。BUN 12mmol/L,Cr 160μmol/L。下列哪项诊断可能性最小?(  )", "options": {"A": "急性肾炎", "B": "急进性肾炎", "C": "狼疮性肾炎", "D": "隐匿性肾炎"}, "answer": "隐匿性肾炎", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "母乳喂养儿粪便中主要的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大肠杆菌", "B": "副大肠杆菌", "C": "变形杆菌", "D": "乳酸杆菌"}, "answer": "乳酸杆菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,45岁,主诉3个月前,当他过度弯腰工作时背部有塌下的感觉,以后胸椎中至下段脊突区疼痛,围绕躯干向任一侧放射,并于咳嗽或打喷嚏时疼痛加重。4天前出现便秘,下腹部与双下肢麻木。入院当日两下肢无力,几乎不能行路,同时有排尿困难。既往史无特殊可述者。检查:脐水平可触及膀胱上缘,肛门括约肌松弛。中胸脊突明显叩痛。肋缘下痛觉减退。两上肢腱反射正常,两下肢腱反射亢进。腹壁反射消失,两侧Babinski征阳性。上肢肌力正常,两下肢除股四头肌有微弱收缩外不能移动。1.据病史与检查,病人最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌病", "B": "周围神经病", "C": "脊髓病", "D": "脑瘤"}, "answer": "脊髓病", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病最常见的并发症不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "自发性气胸", "B": "右心功能不全", "C": "支气管扩张", "D": "慢性呼吸衰竭"}, "answer": "支气管扩张", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.患猩红热时出疹与体温的关系是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热3~4天出皮疹,出疹期体温更高", "B": "发热1~2天出皮疹,出疹时高热", "C": "高热3~5天,热退出疹", "D": "发热,服药后出皮疹,有瘙痒"}, "answer": "发热1~2天出皮疹,出疹时高热", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.肠道重吸收的胆色素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆红素-清蛋白", "B": "胆红素-配体蛋白", "C": "胆红素葡萄糖醛酸酯", "D": "胆素原族"}, "answer": "胆素原族", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,49岁。4小时前突然出现胸骨后闷痛,呈持续性。ECG示:Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aⅤF导联ST段弓背向上抬高0.2mV。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "变异型心绞痛", "B": "急性心包炎", "C": "急性心肌梗死", "D": "主动脉夹层分离"}, "answer": "急性心肌梗死", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "内生性软骨瘤的治疗方案应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "刮除植入松质骨", "B": "截肢术", "C": "必要时可行人工关节置换手术", "D": "放疗、化疗、手术相结合"}, "answer": "刮除植入松质骨", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心肌不会产生强直收缩,是因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "心肌呈全或无式收缩", "B": "肌质网不发达,Ca2+储存少", "C": "有效不应期特别长", "D": "有自律性,会自动节律收缩"}, "answer": "有效不应期特别长", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,25岁,一周以来鼻及牙龈出血,皮肤瘀斑。化验:血红蛋白55g,白细胞10.0×109/L,血小板16×109/L。骨髓增生活跃,幼稚细胞占80%,胞质有大小不等颗粒及成堆棒状小体,过氧化酶染色强阳性。3.治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "全反式维A酸", "B": "DA方案", "C": "VP方案", "D": "骨髓移植"}, "answer": "全反式维A酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "9岁男孩,眼睑浮肿4天,伴头痛,眼花,尿呈深茶色2天入院。2周前曾患扁桃体炎,经用青霉素治愈。4.如果此患儿血压急剧升高,出现惊厥,首选的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "强力利尿剂", "B": "硝苯地平口服", "C": "硝普钠静滴", "D": "口服复方降压片"}, "answer": "硝普钠静滴", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某中学生,15岁,经骨髓穿刺检查诊断为“急性淋巴细胞白血病”,给以常规治疗,症状无缓解。医生告诉家长,此病目前尚无理想的治疗方法,医院正在尝试一种疗效不肯定、治疗也有一定风险的药物。其家长表示愿意做这种实验性治疗,但没有履行书面承诺手续。治疗2天后,病人病重,抢救无效,死亡。此后,家属否认曾同意这种治疗方案,称是“拿病人做试验”,要追究医生责任,于是造成医疗纠纷。1.就本案分析,下列哪项为医生做出选择的伦理依据?(  )", "options": {"A": "符合知情同意的原则", "B": "研究目的是恰当的", "C": "治疗期间,医生应是积极负责的", "D": "以上各点都符合临床医学研究原则,没有不正确"}, "answer": "以上各点都符合临床医学研究原则,没有不正确", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5.孕36周出生,体重3200g被称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "低出生体重儿", "B": "极低出生体重儿", "C": "早产儿", "D": "巨大儿"}, "answer": "早产儿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男婴,生后24天,近4天哭闹剧烈,拒乳,呕吐1天,抽搐3次入院,患儿生后无窒息史。查体:体温不升,反应差,消瘦,脐部见少量脓性分泌物,前囟膨满,双眼凝视,心肺正常,脑膜刺激征(-)。2.该患儿最易出现的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑积水", "B": "硬膜下积液", "C": "低钙抽搐", "D": "脑萎缩"}, "answer": "硬膜下积液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "7岁小儿,在夏秋季节进不洁食物后,突然恶心、呕吐,高热不退,反复惊厥,考虑中毒型细菌性痢疾。做下列哪项检查最有助于早期诊断?(  )", "options": {"A": "肾脏功能检查", "B": "粪便常规检查", "C": "血液常规检查", "D": "脑脊液常规检查"}, "answer": "粪便常规检查", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "纵隔偏向患侧常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "血胸", "B": "开放性气胸", "C": "慢性脓胸", "D": "急性脓胸"}, "answer": "慢性脓胸", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.能诱导肝药酶加速自身代谢的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙琥胺", "B": "苯妥英钠", "C": "氯硝西泮", "D": "卡马西平"}, "answer": "苯妥英钠", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,病史2周,贫血伴周身出血点,浅表淋巴结不肿大,胸骨压痛(+),肝脏轻度肿大,外周血白细胞25×109/L,可见幼稚细胞,血小板50×109/L,血红蛋白40g/L,最可能诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "再生障碍性贫血", "B": "败血症", "C": "急性白血病", "D": "恶性淋巴瘤"}, "answer": "急性白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,38岁。进行性贫血、消瘦、乏力半年,有时右腹隐痛,无腹泻。查体:右中腹部扪及肿块,肠鸣音活跃。2.如果需要手术治疗,针对该手术术前准备最重要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纠正营养不良", "B": "肠道准备", "C": "心肺功能检查", "D": "肝肾功能检查"}, "answer": "肠道准备", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.提示心房扑动的心电图是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心室律不规整", "B": "出现f波", "C": "PR间期逐渐延长,QRS波周期性脱落", "D": "出现F波"}, "answer": "出现F波", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项能增加肾血流量,明显舒张肾血管的?(  )", "options": {"A": "多巴胺", "B": "肾上腺素", "C": "去甲肾上腺素", "D": "异丙肾上腺素"}, "answer": "多巴胺", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,45岁。8个月前骑电动车时摔倒,腹部被车把撞伤并疼痛。经治疗后缓解,6个月前觉上腹部逐渐隆起,伴上腹饱胀,近日来常恶心、呕吐。查体:上腹部可触及直径约10cm包块,无肌紧张、压痛、反跳痛。2.影像学检查提示该患者,上腹部10cm×10cm囊性肿物,其最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部后血肿", "B": "膈疝", "C": "肝左叶囊肿", "D": "胰腺假性囊肿"}, "answer": "胰腺假性囊肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "大叶性肺炎发生的合并症不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "脓气胸", "B": "败血症", "C": "肺褐色硬化", "D": "脓毒败血症"}, "answer": "肺褐色硬化", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "环境中的化学物,属于二次污染物的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "SO2", "B": "N2O", "C": "CO", "D": "CO2"}, "answer": "SO2", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列有关急进型肾小球肾炎的描述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅱ型多伴循环免疫复合物增加", "B": "Ⅲ型多伴血清抗肾小球基底膜抗体阳性", "C": "病理改变特征为系膜细胞重度增生", "D": "光镜下改变是分型的主要依据"}, "answer": "Ⅱ型多伴循环免疫复合物增加", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "“餐叉”畸形见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "尺骨上端骨折", "B": "桡骨下端骨折", "C": "尺骨下端骨折", "D": "肱骨髁上骨折"}, "answer": "桡骨下端骨折", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新斯的明的药理作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "激动M受体", "B": "激活胆碱酯酶", "C": "抑制胆碱酯酶", "D": "激动N受体"}, "answer": "抑制胆碱酯酶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是属于Ⅰ型超敏反应的疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "风湿病", "B": "过敏性休克", "C": "免疫性溶血性贫血", "D": "接触性皮炎"}, "answer": "过敏性休克", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,5个月,腹泻、水样便,每天10余次,为稀水样便。今日病儿昏睡,呼吸深快,尿量极少,四肢厥冷。二氧化碳结合力8mmol/L,血钾4.0mmol/L,血钠140mmol/L。3.第一天补液的总量应该是(  )。", "options": {"A": "720ml", "B": "880ml", "C": "980ml", "D": "1080ml"}, "answer": "1080ml", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,30岁。因头痛3个月,加重伴呕吐、间断抽搐、视物模糊1个月就诊。近2年来,喜食生肉。眼底检查发现视神经盘水肿。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒性脑炎", "B": "脑囊尾蚴病", "C": "结核性脑膜炎", "D": "隐球菌性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "脑囊尾蚴病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1-羟化维生素D3的羟化是在(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝脏进行的", "B": "肾脏进行的", "C": "骨骼进行的", "D": "甲状旁腺进行的"}, "answer": "肾脏进行的", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医师经注册后,应当按照下列哪项注册的内容执业?(  )", "options": {"A": "执业地点", "B": "执业范围、执业类别", "C": "执业范围、执业类别、医疗机构", "D": "执业范围、执业类别、执业地点"}, "answer": "执业范围、执业类别、执业地点", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "初产妇,25岁。足月顺产后第3天,纯母乳喂养。乳房胀痛,无红肿,乳汁排出不畅,体温37.6℃。恰当的处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生麦芽煎服", "B": "少喝水", "C": "让新生儿吸吮双乳", "D": "芒硝外敷用"}, "answer": "让新生儿吸吮双乳", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,70岁。反复咳嗽、咳痰25年,气喘10年,加重伴下肢水肿一周入院。高血压病史10余年,血压145/90mmHg。查体:体温37.8℃,口唇发绀,血压135/80mmHg,双下肺散在湿啰音和哮鸣音,肝肋下3cm,肝颈静脉回流征阳性,双下肢水肿,WBC 9.3×109/L。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性右心衰竭", "B": "慢性阻塞性肺病", "C": "支气管扩张", "D": "肺癌"}, "answer": "急性右心衰竭", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪项是B1B细胞和B2B细胞表面具有鉴别意义的标志?(  )", "options": {"A": "CD19", "B": "μH", "C": "CD5", "D": "CD21"}, "answer": "CD5", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "腺垂体合成和分泌的促甲状腺激素(TSH)(  )。", "options": {"A": "分泌释放到血液中分布至全身", "B": "沿神经轴突纤维移动到甲状腺组织中", "C": "直接分泌到甲状腺中,只在甲状腺内发现", "D": "为甲状腺组织主动摄取而甲状腺内浓度较高"}, "answer": "分泌释放到血液中分布至全身", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一日龄6天新生儿,2日来不吃奶,精神差,面色灰白,体温37.0℃,呼吸急促,皮肤黄染,心肺正常,脐带未脱落,脐根部有少量稀薄分泌物,肝肋下3cm,脾肋下1cm,血清胆红素14mg/dl(239.4μmol/L),间接胆红素为主,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿肺炎", "B": "新生儿肝炎", "C": "新生儿溶血症", "D": "新生儿败血症"}, "answer": "新生儿败血症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不属于癔症转换症状的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癔症性遗忘", "B": "癔症性失明", "C": "癔症性失音", "D": "癔症性抽搐"}, "answer": "癔症性遗忘", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "从尿中可检测出硝基酚的是哪类有机磷农药中毒(  )。", "options": {"A": "内服磷", "B": "对硫磷", "C": "敌百虫", "D": "甲拌磷"}, "answer": "对硫磷", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.充血性心力衰竭加重期出现少尿,血BUN/Cr>20,尿比重1.028,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾后性急性肾衰竭", "B": "肾前性急性肾衰竭", "C": "急进性肾炎", "D": "急性间质性肾炎"}, "answer": "肾前性急性肾衰竭", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "26岁初产妇,妊娠39周,阵发性腹痛10小时,宫缩10~15分钟1次,持续30秒,宫口开大2cm。若已进入第二产程,胎头+3,胎心106次/分。此时恰当的处理应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即行剖宫产术", "B": "行产钳术助娩", "C": "静脉注射地西泮加速产程进展", "D": "静脉滴注缩宫素加强宫缩"}, "answer": "行产钳术助娩", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,51岁,乳腺癌根治术后,T2N1M0,术后2周开始放疗,其目的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "提高机体免疫", "B": "癌细胞远处转移", "C": "防止癌肿局部复发", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "防止癌肿局部复发", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,52岁。进行性体重增加伴头晕、腰痛2年。查体:BP180/112mmHg,多毛,面圆,有痤疮。实验室检查:尿糖(++),血浆皮质醇:早8时810nmol/L(正常165~441nmol/L),下午4时752nmol/L(正常55~248nmol/L),午夜12时770nmol/L(正常55~138nmol/L),初步诊断为库欣综合征。为进一步明确诊断,应进行的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄糖耐量试验", "B": "ACTH兴奋剂试验", "C": "酚妥拉明抑制试验", "D": "地塞米松抑制试验"}, "answer": "地塞米松抑制试验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "可促进维生素D活化的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺激素", "B": "甲状旁腺激素", "C": "降钙素", "D": "生长介素"}, "answer": "甲状旁腺激素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,68岁。肝右叶巨大肿瘤,腹水征阳性。血清生化检查:白蛋白20g/L,总胆红素60umol/L。血管造影示门静脉右支闭塞。最适合的治疗方法为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝动脉结扎术", "B": "全身化疗", "C": "肝动脉内抗癌药持续注入法", "D": "保守治疗"}, "answer": "肝动脉内抗癌药持续注入法", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性农民,42岁,于1月初发病,头痛、发热、恶心、呕吐2天后来院门诊,此时可见颜面潮红、咽部充血、腹肌紧张、全腹压痛、皮下淤血,自昨晚起无尿,其恰当的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急腹症", "B": "肾综合征出血热", "C": "过敏性疾病", "D": "风湿症"}, "answer": "肾综合征出血热", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不存在于T细胞表面的分子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD3", "B": "CD28", "C": "TCR", "D": "CD80"}, "answer": "CD28", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,45岁,同房后阴道出血3个月,G5P1。妇科检查:宫颈中度糜烂状,下唇息肉状赘生物,直径2cm,三合诊宫颈旁组织无异常。取宫颈赘生物送病理,提示宫颈鳞癌,首选的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "筋膜外子宫切除术", "B": "宫颈锥形切除术", "C": "子宫颈切除+盆腔淋巴结切除术", "D": "广泛性子宫切除+盆腔淋巴结切除术"}, "answer": "广泛性子宫切除+盆腔淋巴结切除术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有关噻嗪类利尿药的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "具有降压作用", "B": "可升高血脂", "C": "使尿酸排出增加", "D": "可促进远曲小管对钙离子的重吸收"}, "answer": "使尿酸排出增加", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "脑外伤昏迷在30分钟以内,轻度昏迷,得分为(  )。", "options": {"A": "3分以下", "B": "3~7分", "C": "8~12分", "D": "13~15分"}, "answer": "13~15分", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是治疗反流性食管炎效果最好的药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "苯海拉明", "B": "肾上腺皮质激素", "C": "奥美拉唑", "D": "异丙嗪"}, "answer": "奥美拉唑", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项不是骨折专有体征?(  )", "options": {"A": "畸形", "B": "反常活动", "C": "压痛", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "压痛", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,22岁。下腰痛2年余,加重6周。疼痛以夜间明显。有痛醒现象。查体:双侧“4”字试验阳性,腰部活动受限。实验室检查:血沉48mm/h,HLA-B27阳性。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "类风湿性关节炎", "B": "风湿性关节炎", "C": "强直性脊柱炎", "D": "腰肌劳损"}, "answer": "强直性脊柱炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,30岁。发作性头晕、头痛,伴面色苍白、心悸、冷汗9个月。每次持续20分钟左右,发作时BP 180~220/110~140mmHg,平素血压正常。查体:BP 120/80mmHg,体型偏瘦,心率90次/分,律齐,四肢末梢凉。对明确诊断最有帮助的是在发作时检测(  )。", "options": {"A": "血皮质醇", "B": "血儿茶酚胺", "C": "血电解质", "D": "血浆肾素活性"}, "answer": "血儿茶酚胺", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.溶原性细菌因整合有前噬菌体而获新的性状称(  )。", "options": {"A": "转化", "B": "转导", "C": "溶原性转换", "D": "原生质体融合"}, "answer": "溶原性转换", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性粒细胞白血病诱导治疗时,较不常选用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿糖胞苷", "B": "柔红霉素", "C": "米托蒽醌", "D": "左旋门冬酰胺酶"}, "answer": "左旋门冬酰胺酶", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,35岁。突感上腹部剧痛。检查:血压130/80mmHg,脉搏120次/分,板状腹,肠鸣音消失。血红蛋白120g/L,血白细胞数8.0×109/L。1.首先应采取的检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部立位X线平片", "B": "腹部穿刺", "C": "腹部MRI", "D": "腹部CT"}, "answer": "腹部立位X线平片", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "T3期多发性膀胱肿瘤的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膀胱部分切除术", "B": "经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术", "C": "膀胱内灌注化疗", "D": "根治性膀胱全切术"}, "answer": "根治性膀胱全切术", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不是肉毒梭菌特点的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "芽胞位于菌体次极端,菌体呈网球拍状", "B": "致病物质主要是肉毒毒素", "C": "引起疾病主要是细菌性食物中毒", "D": "肉毒毒素作用机制是阻止神经组织释放乙酰胆碱"}, "answer": "引起疾病主要是细菌性食物中毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "新生儿生理性体重下降发生在出生后(  )。", "options": {"A": "第1周", "B": "第2周", "C": "第3周", "D": "第5周"}, "answer": "第1周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.与人类肿瘤相关性最高的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生长因子", "B": "调节基因", "C": "野生型p53基因", "D": "噬菌体"}, "answer": "野生型p53基因", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.犬吠样咳嗽、声嘶、喉鸣(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管肺炎", "B": "肺结核", "C": "支气管异物", "D": "急性喉炎"}, "answer": "急性喉炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.真核生物染色体中具反转录作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "反转录酶", "B": "端粒酶", "C": "甲基转移酶", "D": "连接酶"}, "answer": "端粒酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "合成胆固醇的限速酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鲨烯环氧酶", "B": "HMGCoA合酶", "C": "HMGCoA还原酶", "D": "HMGCoA裂解酶"}, "answer": "HMGCoA还原酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "川崎病急性期的最佳治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖皮质激素", "B": "丙种球蛋白", "C": "糖皮质激素+阿司匹林", "D": "丙种球蛋白+阿司匹林"}, "answer": "丙种球蛋白+阿司匹林", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "自Hesselbach三角向外突出的疝称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "股疝", "B": "腹股沟直疝", "C": "腹股沟斜疝", "D": "脐疝"}, "answer": "腹股沟直疝", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,42岁。寒战、高热、尿频、尿急、尿痛、排尿困难、会阴部胀痛1天,查体:尿道口无分泌物和红肿。首先考虑的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性前列腺炎", "B": "急性尿道炎", "C": "急性膀胱炎", "D": "急性附睾炎"}, "answer": "急性尿道炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "麻疹合并肺炎患儿需隔离至出疹后(  )。", "options": {"A": "3天", "B": "5天", "C": "10天", "D": "14天"}, "answer": "10天", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "早产儿,人工喂养,出生后第5天出现黄疸,第7~8天达到高峰,持续到第3周才逐渐消退,最可能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "母乳性黄疸", "B": "生理性黄疸", "C": "肝细胞性黄疸", "D": "溶血性黄疸"}, "answer": "生理性黄疸", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "艾滋病患者肺部机会性感染最常见的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "白色念珠菌", "B": "结核杆菌", "C": "巨细胞病毒", "D": "肺孢子菌"}, "answer": "肺孢子菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是保证运动器官血液供应的重要机制?(  )", "options": {"A": "循环血管增加", "B": "心排血量增加", "C": "各器官血流量的重新分配", "D": "血压升高"}, "answer": "各器官血流量的重新分配", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.胆固醇的重要生理作用是合成某些活性物质的前体,如(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆汁酸盐和磷脂酰胆碱", "B": "胆汁酸和维生素D", "C": "乙酰CoA和NADPH", "D": "胆汁酸"}, "answer": "胆汁酸和维生素D", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "T细胞增殖试验可选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "51Cr释放法", "B": "溶血空斑试验", "C": "3H-TdR掺入法", "D": "蛋白质印迹法"}, "answer": "3H-TdR掺入法", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "慢性排斥的主要病理变化为(  )。", "options": {"A": "血管内凝血", "B": "急性血管炎", "C": "软组织水肿", "D": "间质纤维化,血管硬化"}, "answer": "间质纤维化,血管硬化", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,66岁。突然感到心前区闷痛,伴心悸4小时,自服硝酸甘油2片,疼痛未能缓解。做心电图检杳,显示Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF的ST段抬高。1.该患者的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心绞痛", "B": "急性心包炎", "C": "急性心肌梗死", "D": "肋间神经痛"}, "answer": "急性心肌梗死", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.右胫腓骨开放骨折,清创内固定后切口愈合良好(  )。", "options": {"A": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅰ/甲”", "B": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅱ/甲”", "C": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅱ/乙”", "D": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅲ/甲”"}, "answer": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅱ/甲”", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列选项中仅属于医师的道德义务不属于法律义务的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "努力钻研业务,提高专业技术水平", "B": "关心、爱护、尊重患者、保护患者隐私", "C": "宣传卫生保健知识,对患者进行健康教育", "D": "积极开展义诊,尽力满足患者的健康需求"}, "answer": "积极开展义诊,尽力满足患者的健康需求", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男婴,11个月。母乳喂养,近3个月来面色渐苍白,间断腹泻,原可站立,现坐不稳,手足常颤抖。体检面色苍黄,略水肿,表情呆滞。血红蛋白80g/L,红细胞20×1012/L,白细胞60×109/L。2.该患儿可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大脑发育不全", "B": "维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症", "C": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病", "D": "营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血"}, "answer": "营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在传染病的预防工作中,国家实行的制度是(  )。", "options": {"A": "爱国卫生运动", "B": "有计划的卫生防疫", "C": "有计划的预防接种", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "有计划的预防接种", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "支气管哮喘发作时最常见的血气改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "pH值上升,PaO2下降,PaCO2降低", "B": "pH值上升,PaO2下降,PaCO2上升", "C": "pH值下降,PaO2下降,PaCO2上升", "D": "pH值正常,PaO2下降,PaCO2上升"}, "answer": "pH值上升,PaO2下降,PaCO2降低", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "支气管哮喘患者发作时禁用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吗啡", "B": "氨茶碱", "C": "泼尼松", "D": "肾上腺素"}, "answer": "吗啡", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "53岁妇女,绝经2年,阴道分泌物增多伴腰痛2个月,偶有少量阴道出血。妇科检查:宫颈结节状增大,直径5cm,质硬,触血(+),左侧主韧带条索状增粗>1/2,右侧主韧带内1/2增粗,均弹性下降。2.临床分期为(  )。", "options": {"A": "ⅠB期", "B": "ⅡA期", "C": "ⅡB期", "D": "ⅢA期"}, "answer": "ⅡB期", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.与弹性阻力成反变关系的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺泡表面张力", "B": "胸内压", "C": "肺内压", "D": "顺应性"}, "answer": "顺应性", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.吡嗪酰胺的主要副作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "关节痛", "B": "消化道反应", "C": "球后视神经炎", "D": "多发性神经炎"}, "answer": "关节痛", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,22岁,既往有HBsAg阳性史,10天前无诱因发热,体温逐渐上升,波动于37.5~39℃,近3天体温持续在38.5~39.5℃不降,伴有食欲缺乏、乏力、腹胀及尿黄。查体:T39.5℃,P88次/分,BP110/70mmHg,神清,表情淡漠,未见皮疹,巩膜轻度黄染,心肺未见异常,腹软,右下腹压痛(+),肝右肋下2cm,脾未触及,肝浊音区不小,移动性浊音阴性,双下肢无浮肿。化验:白细胞3.5×109/L,中性粒细胞0.6,淋巴细胞0.4,血HBsAg(+),抗-HBsAg。2.为确诊该病例,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝功化验", "B": "肝炎病毒血清学", "C": "血培养", "D": "肝、胆、脾彩超"}, "answer": "血培养", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "阵发性心房颤动的治疗原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "预防复发,发作时控制室率", "B": "抗凝治疗,发作时控制室率", "C": "抗凝治疗,发作时转复窦律", "D": "转复窦律,发作时控制室率"}, "answer": "预防复发,发作时控制室率", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医患之间的契约关系是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "双方是陌生人", "B": "双方地位有差别", "C": "双方都有独立人格", "D": "双方构成供求关系"}, "answer": "双方都有独立人格", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "抗人球蛋白试验阳性的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "海洋性贫血", "B": "6-磷酸葡萄脱氢酶(G-6-1PD)缺乏症", "C": "遗传性球形细胞增多症", "D": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血"}, "answer": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,77岁,为慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)肺气肿型患者。近年来轻微活动即感气急,咳嗽轻,咳痰少。血气分析:PaO2 9.3kPa(70mmHg),PaCO2 4.8kPa(36mmHg)。2.根据血气分析结果,该患者的呼吸功能障碍为(  )。", "options": {"A": "换气功能障碍", "B": "肺泡通气不足", "C": "肺泡膜增厚所致弥散功能降低", "D": "通气/血流比例降低"}, "answer": "换气功能障碍", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.白细胞减少症(  )。", "options": {"A": "外周血白细胞(1.5~4.0)×109/L", "B": "外周血白细胞<2.0×109/L", "C": "中性粒细胞绝对值<0.5×109/L", "D": "外周血白细胞数(2.5~4.5)×109/L"}, "answer": "外周血白细胞(1.5~4.0)×109/L", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,8个月,单纯母乳喂养,近半个月脸色渐苍白,查体发现肝脾轻微肿大。血象:Hb80g/L,RBC3.06×1012/L。血清铁8.59μmol/L(48μg/d1)。临床确诊为缺铁性贫血拟给予铁剂治疗,铁剂治疗的注意事项有下列各项,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "铁剂应选用二价铁盐", "B": "铁剂用量按元素铁计算", "C": "铁剂治疗的同时给予维生素C口服", "D": "口服铁剂1周仍无效者考虑诊断不正确"}, "answer": "口服铁剂1周仍无效者考虑诊断不正确", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "胃癌最主要的转移途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋巴道转移", "B": "消化道内转移", "C": "经腹腔静脉转移", "D": "腹腔内种植"}, "answer": "淋巴道转移", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "高血压脑内出血的手术适应证不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "意识障碍轻,但逐渐加重,脑疝表现尚不明显者", "B": "浅部出血如小脑、皮层下及壳核优先考虑", "C": "大脑半球出血量>30ml,小脑半球出血量>10ml", "D": "有血肿,但神志清楚,病情无进行性恶化"}, "answer": "有血肿,但神志清楚,病情无进行性恶化", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.个体的强烈需求或过高的期望属(  )。", "options": {"A": "社会性应激原", "B": "文化性应激源", "C": "心理性应激源", "D": "职业性应激源"}, "answer": "社会性应激原", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.符合Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的动脉血气标准是(  )。", "options": {"A": "PaO2为70mmHg,PaCO2为45mmHg", "B": "PaO2为55mmHg,PaCO2为50mmHg", "C": "PaO2为50mmHg,PaCO2为40mmHg", "D": "PaO2为65mmHg,PaCO2为40mmHg"}, "answer": "PaO2为55mmHg,PaCO2为50mmHg", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "B细胞表面最重要的协同刺激分子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD19", "B": "CD20", "C": "CD40", "D": "CD80"}, "answer": "CD40", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,44岁。干咳2周,右胸痛4天,胸痛呈持续性,咳嗽,呼吸时加重,无放射痛。查体:体温37.8℃,血压160/90mmHg。该患者胸痛最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "食管炎", "B": "心绞痛", "C": "心肌梗死", "D": "胸膜炎"}, "answer": "胸膜炎", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "流行病学的基本研究方法包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "统计学检验、控制偏性、观察性研究", "B": "实验性研究、干预性研究、分析性研究", "C": "描述性研究、统计学检验、观察性研究", "D": "描述性研究、分析性研究、实验性研究"}, "answer": "描述性研究、分析性研究、实验性研究", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "农民,30岁,头昏、乏力,粪中钩虫卵(+++),血红蛋白60g/L,治疗应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "驱钩虫+注射右旋糖酐铁", "B": "驱钩虫+口服铁剂", "C": "驱钩虫", "D": "口服叶酸或注射维生素B12"}, "answer": "驱钩虫+口服铁剂", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.能治疗失眠又能治疗癫痫大发作的药物(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯巴比妥", "B": "地西泮", "C": "乙琥胺", "D": "氯丙嗪"}, "answer": "苯巴比妥", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于立克次体,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可在无生命培养基中生长", "B": "以二分裂方式繁殖", "C": "多数为人畜共患病的病原体", "D": "与节肢动物关系密切"}, "answer": "可在无生命培养基中生长", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪一项是慢性胎儿宫内窘迫常见的原因?(  )", "options": {"A": "胎盘功能不全", "B": "胎盘早剥", "C": "孕妇休克", "D": "脐带受压"}, "answer": "胎盘功能不全", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "哪项是颈椎病最常见的类型?(  )", "options": {"A": "神经根型", "B": "混合型", "C": "交感神经型", "D": "椎动脉型"}, "answer": "神经根型", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "受精卵着床时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "6~7天", "B": "7~8天", "C": "8~9天", "D": "9~10天"}, "answer": "6~7天", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.语言训练(  )。", "options": {"A": "婴儿期", "B": "幼儿期", "C": "童年期", "D": "青年期"}, "answer": "婴儿期", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "40岁女性患者,突然剧烈头痛、呕吐、右眼睑下垂,见右眼球活动受限,呈外展位,对光反应消失,视力正常。查体:颈项强直,克氏征(+)。1.根据上述症状体征,应考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅内动脉瘤", "B": "脑血管畸形", "C": "高血压脑出血", "D": "脑栓塞后出血"}, "answer": "颅内动脉瘤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.辅酶A中所含的维生素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素B", "B": "维生素B", "C": "维生素B", "D": "泛酸"}, "answer": "泛酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "学生,19岁,右股骨下端疼痛1个月,夜间尤甚。查体:右股骨下端偏内侧局限性隆起,皮温略高,皮肤浅静脉怒张,明显压痛,膝关节运动受限。X线片示股骨下端干骺端溶骨性骨破坏。边界不清,可见Godman三角。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "软骨肉瘤", "B": "骨纤维肉瘤", "C": "骨肉瘤", "D": "骨巨细胞瘤"}, "answer": "骨肉瘤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性血吸虫病最常见的异位损害是(  )。", "options": {"A": "泌尿系统", "B": "肺", "C": "皮肤", "D": "生殖系统"}, "answer": "肺", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "各种周围血管疾病的描述中不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "雷诺病女性多见", "B": "血栓闭塞性脉管炎的特点是对称性和间歇性", "C": "疼痛性股白肿常发生在产后", "D": "血栓闭塞性脉管炎多发生在下肢"}, "answer": "血栓闭塞性脉管炎的特点是对称性和间歇性", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "辅酶的作用机理主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维持酶蛋白的空间构象", "B": "有利于酶在介质中发挥酶促作用", "C": "在酶促反应中起运载体的作用", "D": "在酶与底物的结合中起桥梁作用"}, "answer": "在酶促反应中起运载体的作用", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "成人双膝以下烧伤,烧伤面积为(  )。", "options": {"A": "15%", "B": "20%", "C": "25%", "D": "30%"}, "answer": "20%", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.参与蛋白质合成(  )。", "options": {"A": "核蛋白体循环", "B": "γ谷氨酰基循环", "C": "鸟氨酸循环", "D": "嘌呤核苷酸循环"}, "answer": "核蛋白体循环", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,56岁,左颈淋巴结肿大,伴发热,检查提示弥漫性混合性细胞淋巴瘤,左腹股沟淋巴结2cm×2cm大小、无压痛,脾肋下2cm,骨髓淋巴瘤细胞12%,诊断属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "ⅡA", "B": "ⅠB", "C": "ⅣA", "D": "ⅣB"}, "answer": "ⅣB", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "具有抗尿崩症作用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氢氯噻嗪", "B": "乙酰唑胺", "C": "氨苯蝶啶", "D": "阿米洛利"}, "answer": "氢氯噻嗪", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于病毒与肿瘤发生的关系,哪一项组合是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "汉坦病毒——肺癌", "B": "EB病毒——鼻咽癌", "C": "人乳头瘤病毒——子宫颈癌", "D": "人嗜T细胞病毒——白血病"}, "answer": "汉坦病毒——肺癌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.肠扭转(  )。", "options": {"A": "凝固性坏死", "B": "液化性坏死", "C": "干性坏疽", "D": "湿性坏疽"}, "answer": "湿性坏疽", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.上述属于医生违背有利原则的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "医生对患者的呼叫或提问给予应答", "B": "医生的行为使某个患者受益,但却给别的患者带来了损害", "C": "医生给患者实施粗暴性的检查", "D": "医生尊重患者是指满足患者的一切要求"}, "answer": "医生的行为使某个患者受益,但却给别的患者带来了损害", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列传染病往往伴有外周血白细胞总数降低的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "B": "伤寒", "C": "猩红热", "D": "狂犬病"}, "answer": "伤寒", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列检查哪项对前列腺癌诊断意义不大?(  )", "options": {"A": "PSA检查", "B": "肛门直肠指检", "C": "排泄性尿路造影", "D": "前列腺穿刺活检"}, "answer": "排泄性尿路造影", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "区别血红蛋白尿与血尿的主要方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿蛋白电泳", "B": "尿比重", "C": "尿沉渣镜检", "D": "尿胆红素"}, "answer": "尿沉渣镜检", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于支原体的特性,哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "呈多形性生长,形成“油煎蛋样”菌落", "B": "可用青霉素进行有效治疗", "C": "培养支原体的pH不低于pH7.0", "D": "没有细胞壁"}, "answer": "可用青霉素进行有效治疗", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "炎症的基本病理变化不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "变质", "B": "化生", "C": "渗出", "D": "增生"}, "answer": "化生", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有患者血中尿酸含量>80mg/L,经临床别嘌呤醇治疗后尿酸降为50mg/L,病人尿液中可能出现下列哪种化合物?(  )", "options": {"A": "牛磺酸", "B": "别嘌呤核苷酸", "C": "多巴胺", "D": "精胺、精脒"}, "answer": "别嘌呤核苷酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于患者中心疗法,不正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "医生在治疗中具有权威性作用", "B": "注意调动病人心理上的积极因素", "C": "适用于感受到有压力的病人", "D": "病人要受到充分理解"}, "answer": "医生在治疗中具有权威性作用", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女孩,2岁。体检发现胸骨左缘第2~3肋间Ⅱ~Ⅲ级收缩期杂音,肺动脉瓣区第2音亢进,伴固定性分裂。该患儿的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "肺动脉瓣狭窄"}, "answer": "房间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "可强效杀伤肿瘤细胞的免疫细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD4+细胞", "B": "CD8+细胞", "C": "CTL细胞", "D": "NK细胞"}, "answer": "NK细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.可预防晕动病引起的呕吐(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯海拉明", "B": "苯茚胺", "C": "特非那定", "D": "雷尼替丁"}, "answer": "苯海拉明", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "保守病人的秘密,其实质是(或体现了什么原则)(  )。", "options": {"A": "尊重患者自主", "B": "医患双方平等", "C": "保护患者隐私", "D": "不伤害患者自尊"}, "answer": "尊重患者自主", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.医疗机构内应当采取(  )。", "options": {"A": "提供医疗救护和现场救援", "B": "卫生防护措施,防止交叉感染和污染", "C": "医学观察措施", "D": "应当依法报告所在地的疾病预防控制机构"}, "answer": "卫生防护措施,防止交叉感染和污染", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者半年来乏力,皮肤有出血点,查:全血细胞减少,NAP积分增高,骨髓:增生低下,Ham试验(-)。与其发病无关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒感染", "B": "中子放射性影响", "C": "细菌感染", "D": "接触X线"}, "answer": "细菌感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.T细胞分泌白细胞介素-2属(  )。", "options": {"A": "外分泌", "B": "旁分泌", "C": "自分泌", "D": "动作电位刺激细胞分泌"}, "answer": "自分泌", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,55岁。进行性吞咽困难三个月,体重下降5kg,目前能进半流食。1.对该病人最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "食管灼伤狭窄", "B": "食管癌", "C": "食管平滑肌瘤", "D": "食管憩室"}, "answer": "食管癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小叶性肺炎的病变为(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管的急性卡他性炎", "B": "纤维素性炎", "C": "肺泡出血性炎", "D": "支气管和肺泡的化脓性炎"}, "answer": "支气管和肺泡的化脓性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4岁男孩,妈妈在给穿衣服时牵拉左腕。患儿突然大哭,左肘功能障碍,左手不肯拿取玩物。1.可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左肱骨髁上骨折", "B": "左肱骨内髁撕脱骨折", "C": "左肱骨外髁撕脱骨折", "D": "左桡骨头半脱位"}, "answer": "左桡骨头半脱位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肺炎链球茁肺炎患者若对青霉素过敏,宜选用的有效抗菌药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿米卡星", "B": "链霉素", "C": "左氧氟沙星", "D": "阿莫西林"}, "answer": "左氧氟沙星", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.肾小管上皮细胞及肠上皮细胞对葡萄糖及氨基酸的转运属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "通道介导的易化扩散", "B": "载体介导的易化扩散", "C": "原发性主动转运", "D": "继发性主动转运"}, "answer": "继发性主动转运", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对临床诊疗道德中最优化原则理解全面的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "采取没有风险的治疗手段", "B": "选择以最小代价获得最大效果的治疗方案", "C": "选择让患者花费最少的治疗方案", "D": "尽可能使用保守治疗方案"}, "answer": "选择以最小代价获得最大效果的治疗方案", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗脑水肿,下列药物哪一种效果较好,最常用?(  )", "options": {"A": "30%尿素", "B": "25%山梨醇", "C": "20%甘露醇", "D": "浓缩血清白蛋白"}, "answer": "20%甘露醇", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "重症支气管肺炎往往出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "代谢性酸中毒", "B": "混合性酸中毒", "C": "呼吸性碱中毒", "D": "呼吸性酸中毒"}, "answer": "混合性酸中毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不能直接杀伤靶细胞的免疫细胞为(  )。", "options": {"A": "B细胞", "B": "中性粒细胞", "C": "NK细胞", "D": "巨噬细胞"}, "answer": "B细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小脑幕切迹疝病人早期(  )。", "options": {"A": "同侧瞳孔散大", "B": "同侧瞳孔缩小", "C": "同侧瞳孔先缩小后散大", "D": "双侧瞳孔先缩小后散大"}, "answer": "同侧瞳孔先缩小后散大", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "原发性高血压时细动脉的可逆性改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内膜下蛋白性物质沉积", "B": "血管腔狭窄", "C": "血管痉挛", "D": "血管纤维化"}, "answer": "血管痉挛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,40岁,近1个月来粪便中有黏液或脓血,每日大便5~6次,肛门坠胀感,此时最首要做的检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "直肠指检", "B": "纤维结肠镜检查", "C": "超声波检查", "D": "X线钡剂灌肠检查"}, "answer": "直肠指检", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,30岁。活动后心悸、气短半年。查体:心尖部可闻及舒张期隆隆样杂音。该患者所患疾病最少出现的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "充血性心力衰竭", "B": "急性肺水肿", "C": "肺部感染", "D": "亚急性感染性心内膜炎"}, "answer": "亚急性感染性心内膜炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,35岁。发现高血压7个月,未服药,改善生活行为后血压为140~150/90~95mmHg,心率56次/分。该患者治疗首选的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维拉帕米", "B": "哌唑嗪", "C": "培哚普利", "D": "比索洛尔"}, "answer": "培哚普利", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "佩戴金属首饰后局部皮肤出现炎症反应,其免疫病理基础可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅰ型超敏反应", "B": "Ⅱ型超敏反应", "C": "Ⅲ型超敏反应", "D": "Ⅳ型超敏反应"}, "answer": "Ⅳ型超敏反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "原位癌的概念是(  )。", "options": {"A": "镜下才见到的微小癌", "B": "上皮组织轻度不典型增生,并累及全层1/3", "C": "上皮组织中度不典型增生,并累及全层2/3", "D": "上皮组织重度不典型增生,并累及全层但未突破基底膜"}, "answer": "上皮组织重度不典型增生,并累及全层但未突破基底膜", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,35岁,发现右乳外上象限无痛性肿块1个月,体检:双乳皮肤无发红、水肿、凹陷,肿块约3cm×3cm,质地较硬,与周围组织无明显界限,可移动,腋窝淋巴结无肿大。4.如果术后病理未发现淋巴结转移,该患者应属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅰ期", "B": "Ⅱ期", "C": "Ⅲ期", "D": "Ⅳ期"}, "answer": "Ⅱ期", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,34岁,建筑工人,一次事故严重外伤,大量出血,血压下降少尿,经抢救低血压和血容量已纠正后,尿量仍很少,为避免肾功衰竭的进展,应选用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "螺内酯", "B": "呋塞米", "C": "氢氯噻嗪", "D": "氨苯蝶啶"}, "answer": "呋塞米", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.破伤风的致病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溶血性链球菌", "B": "铜绿假单胞菌", "C": "梭状芽胞杆菌", "D": "破伤风杆菌"}, "answer": "破伤风杆菌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.急性炎症(  )。", "options": {"A": "以血浆渗出为主的炎症", "B": "以纤维蛋白渗出为主的炎症", "C": "以疏松组织内广泛中性粒细胞的浸润为主的炎症", "D": "以中性粒细胞浸润为主的炎症"}, "answer": "以中性粒细胞浸润为主的炎症", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列疾病中,较少发生大咯血的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "二尖瓣狭窄", "B": "支气管扩张", "C": "肺脓肿", "D": "粟粒型肺结核"}, "answer": "粟粒型肺结核", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医生在诊疗过程中经常对患者使用医学专业术语,使患者难以理解,容易造成误解。这种医患交流的问题属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "回忆不良", "B": "沟通障碍", "C": "信息缺乏", "D": "依从性差"}, "answer": "沟通障碍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是IgE与细胞表面FcξR结合的部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "CH4", "B": "CH3", "C": "CH1", "D": "VH"}, "answer": "CH4", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "目前胰腺癌患者预后较差的最主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胰、十二指肠切除术对患者创伤大", "B": "黄疸对肝功能影响大", "C": "肿瘤细胞胰管浸润", "D": "早期症状不明显,所以确诊晚"}, "answer": "早期症状不明显,所以确诊晚", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.引起肾盂肾炎最常见的致病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "B": "大肠埃希菌", "C": "粪肠球菌", "D": "变形杆菌"}, "answer": "大肠埃希菌", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,28岁,60kg,双上肢全部、躯干前后面Ⅱ度烧伤,第1个24小时补液总量应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "5000ml", "B": "6000ml", "C": "3000ml", "D": "9000ml"}, "answer": "6000ml", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "比较适用于肺部感染的喹诺酮类药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "依诺沙星", "B": "氧氟沙星", "C": "诺氟沙星", "D": "吡哌酸"}, "answer": "氧氟沙星", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "免疫标记降钙素阳性的甲状腺肿瘤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "滤泡腺癌", "B": "髓样癌", "C": "巨细胞癌", "D": "乳头状癌"}, "answer": "髓样癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "单纯性甲状腺肿的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺合成障碍", "B": "合成甲状腺素的原料碘缺乏", "C": "甲状腺素分泌障碍", "D": "应用甲状腺抑制剂"}, "answer": "合成甲状腺素的原料碘缺乏", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于流行性乙型脑炎的叙述中,哪一项是错误的(  )。", "options": {"A": "病变以大脑皮质最重", "B": "夏天集中发病", "C": "通过消化道传染", "D": "可有发热及昏迷的症状"}, "answer": "通过消化道传染", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "自身免疫病治疗原则中属抗炎的治疗方法(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗MHC-Ⅱ类Ag或CD4分子的Ab", "B": "皮质激素", "C": "血浆置换", "D": "FK506"}, "answer": "皮质激素", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,64岁。因阵发性胸闷9年,持续胸痛7小时收入院。入院时血压为150/90mmHg,诊断急性前壁心肌梗死。5.起病3周后,患者反复低热,左肺底有湿性啰音,心前区闻及心包摩擦音,此时应考虑并发(  )。", "options": {"A": "感染性心内膜炎", "B": "尿毒症", "C": "肺结核", "D": "心肌梗死后综合征"}, "answer": "心肌梗死后综合征", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.幼年期生长素过少,会引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "巨人症", "B": "侏儒症", "C": "粘液性水肿", "D": "肢端肥大症"}, "answer": "侏儒症", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医师执业变更下列注册事项的,应当到准予注册的卫生行政部门依法办理变更注册手续(  )。", "options": {"A": "执业地点、执业类别、执业范围等", "B": "执业地点、执业类别、执业范围、服务单位", "C": "执业地点、执业类别", "D": "执业地点、执业类别、执业范围、服务单位、专业类别"}, "answer": "执业地点、执业类别、执业范围等", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "多名来自工地的男性患者,均有发热、腹痛、腹泻、里急后重、脓血便症状。细菌培养物生化反应试验结果:IMViC++--,可发酵乳糖产酸产气,动力(+),考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "埃希菌属引起的痢疾", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌引起的食物中毒", "C": "伤寒沙门菌引起的肠热症", "D": "志贺菌属引起的痢疾"}, "answer": "埃希菌属引起的痢疾", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "处理妊娠期急性阑尾炎的措施,下列哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "以非手术治疗为主", "B": "围手术期加用黄体酮", "C": "手术切口需偏高,以减少对子宫的刺激", "D": "术后使用广谱抗生素"}, "answer": "以非手术治疗为主", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "纤维素性血栓主要发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "下肢深静脉", "B": "门静脉", "C": "微循环", "D": "心室壁瘤内"}, "answer": "微循环", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为精神疾病中自杀最多的疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "神经衰弱", "B": "抑郁症", "C": "精神分裂症", "D": "强迫症"}, "answer": "抑郁症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗偏头痛发作,应选用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯噻啶", "B": "普萘洛尔", "C": "硝苯地平", "D": "咖啡因麦角胺"}, "answer": "咖啡因麦角胺", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,4岁,因大量蛋白尿,高度水肿,诊断肾病综合征入院。肾穿活检病理为:微小病变型,即予泼尼松口服,症状有所控制。治疗3周后,又出现大量蛋白尿,双下肢水肿加重,肾功能减退。此时首先应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "感染", "B": "肾静脉血栓形成", "C": "加用细胞毒药物", "D": "糖皮质激素冲击"}, "answer": "肾静脉血栓形成", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.移植器官超急排斥反应是因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "供体内预存有抗受体的ABO血型抗体", "B": "供体内预存有抗受体的HLAI类抗原的抗体", "C": "受体内预存有抗供体的ABO血型抗体", "D": "受体内有针对供体组织器官的Tc细胞"}, "answer": "受体内预存有抗供体的ABO血型抗体", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,24岁。背重物时突然昏倒2小时入院。查体:P 120次/min,R 30次/min,BP 80/60mmHg,神清,面色苍白,腹胀,全腹轻度压痛及反跳痛,移动性浊音阳性,肠鸣音消失,左下胸有皮肤瘀斑痕迹。1周前因车祸撞击左下胸部,曾卧床休息2天。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脾破裂", "B": "肝破裂", "C": "肠系膜血管破裂", "D": "腹膜后血肿"}, "answer": "脾破裂", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.带有前噬菌体的细菌称(  )。", "options": {"A": "毒性噬菌体", "B": "前噬菌体", "C": "溶原性细菌", "D": "L型细菌"}, "answer": "溶原性细菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿腹泻伴脱水,应首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝功能检查", "B": "支原体抗体", "C": "血电解质测定", "D": "腹部B超检查"}, "answer": "血电解质测定", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "矮身材伴四肢短小,面容特殊且智力低下者是(  )。", "options": {"A": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症", "B": "严重的营养不良", "C": "软骨发育不良", "D": "苯丙酮尿症"}, "answer": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对阿司匹林引起的出血最有效的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氨甲苯酸", "B": "维生素K", "C": "立止血(巴曲酶)", "D": "酚磺乙胺"}, "answer": "维生素K", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.人类免疫缺陷病毒的感染类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性感染", "B": "隐性感染", "C": "潜伏感染", "D": "慢发感染"}, "answer": "慢发感染", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "请指出以下不属于室间隔缺损常见并发症的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管肺炎", "B": "脑脓肿", "C": "肺水肿", "D": "亚急性感染性心内膜炎"}, "answer": "脑脓肿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "负责向社会发布突发公共卫生事件信息的法定单位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "县级人民政府", "B": "省级人民政府", "C": "国务院卫生计生行政部门", "D": "国务院新闻办公室"}, "answer": "国务院卫生计生行政部门", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "中毒性菌痢主要是由哪种菌引起?(  )", "options": {"A": "宋氏或鲍氏菌", "B": "志贺或福氏菌", "C": "福氏或宋氏菌", "D": "宋氏或志贺菌"}, "answer": "福氏或宋氏菌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "母乳具有增进婴儿免疫力的作用,是因为母乳中含有(  )。", "options": {"A": "亚油酸", "B": "乙型乳糖", "C": "分泌型IgA", "D": "长链脂肪酸"}, "answer": "分泌型IgA", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是体内嘌呤核苷酸的分解代谢终产物?(  )", "options": {"A": "尿素", "B": "NH3", "C": "β-氨基异丁酸", "D": "尿酸"}, "answer": "尿酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "判断糖尿病控制程度较好的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "饭后血糖", "B": "糖化血红蛋白", "C": "空腹血浆胰岛素含量", "D": "OGTT"}, "answer": "糖化血红蛋白", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,31岁,G2P0。停经85天,阴道不规则流血10余天。恶心、呕吐较重,伴下腹隐痛,无咳嗽、咯血。妇科检查:阴道黏膜未见异常,宫颈光滑,宫口可见血液流出,宫底平脐,质软,未触及胎体,未闻及胎心,血hCG 100000U/L。应首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "侵蚀性葡萄胎", "B": "葡萄胎", "C": "绒癌", "D": "死胎"}, "answer": "葡萄胎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,27岁,已婚。停经9周,阵发性下腹痛3天,阴道少量流血2天。为判断是否能继续妊娠,首选的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿妊娠试验", "B": "B超检查", "C": "胎盘功能检查", "D": "监测血孕酮"}, "answer": "B超检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "58岁男性,高血压病史,演讲时突发头痛、呕吐、右侧偏瘫。在急诊室检查时病人昏迷,左侧瞳孔大,光反射消失。应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑出血,左颞叶钩回疝", "B": "蛛网膜下腔出血", "C": "脑出血,小脑扁桃疝", "D": "颈内动脉血栓形成"}, "answer": "脑出血,左颞叶钩回疝", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,46岁。突发剧烈疼痛,呈撕裂状,累及胸骨后及上腹部,伴大汗,持续1小时不缓解。既往高血压病史5年。查体:BP 200/110mmHg,双肺呼吸音清,心率100次/分,律齐,心脏各瓣膜区听诊未闻及杂音,心电图:左室高电压伴V4~V6导联ST段压低0.1mV。1.最有助于明确诊断的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "超声心动图", "B": "CT大动脉血管造影", "C": "胸部X线片", "D": "动态心电图"}, "answer": "CT大动脉血管造影", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于清创的原则中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "清除伤口内异物", "B": "切除失去活力的组织", "C": "彻底止血", "D": "必须放置引流"}, "answer": "必须放置引流", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列说法符合我国人类辅助生殖技术的伦理原则的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对离异单身女性可以实施商业代孕技术", "B": "对任何女性都不得实施代孕技术", "C": "对自愿的单身女性可以实施代孕技术", "D": "对已婚女性可以实施亲属间的代孕技术"}, "answer": "对任何女性都不得实施代孕技术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "各型高脂蛋白血症中不增高的脂蛋白是(  )。", "options": {"A": "VLDL", "B": "HDL", "C": "IDL", "D": "LDL"}, "answer": "HDL", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,65岁,外阴瘙痒5年,近2月伴局部疼痛,阴蒂部位可见直径约2.5cm的肿物,活检组织病理学诊断为鳞状细胞癌。2.正确的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "外阴单纯局部切除术", "B": "外阴扩大局部切除术", "C": "外阴扩大局部切除术+单侧腹股沟淋巴结清扫术", "D": "外阴广泛性切除术+单侧腹股沟淋巴结清扫术"}, "answer": "外阴广泛性切除术+单侧腹股沟淋巴结清扫术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,25岁。夜间上腹痛2周,黑便2天,呕血伴头晕乏力4小时。最适宜应用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "雷尼替丁", "B": "甲氰咪胍", "C": "奥美拉唑", "D": "枸橼酸铋钾"}, "answer": "奥美拉唑", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.测量细菌大小的单位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "毫米(mm)", "B": "微米(mm)", "C": "纳米(nm)", "D": "纳克(ng)"}, "answer": "微米(mm)", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列诸病的预防措施中已用主动免疫的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性细菌性痢疾", "B": "乙型病毒性肝炎", "C": "阿米巴病", "D": "恙虫病"}, "answer": "乙型病毒性肝炎", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,26岁,2年来月经量过多,近2周来发现皮肤有瘀点,牙龈出血。体检:轻度贫血貌,脾未触及,Hb 80g/L,WBC4.2×109/L,PLT 25×109/L,骨髓增生活跃,巨核细胞可见100个,产板型减少。此例诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "特发性血小板减少性紫癜并缺铁性贫血", "B": "缺铁性贫血", "C": "过敏性紫癜", "D": "营养性巨幼细胞性贫血"}, "answer": "特发性血小板减少性紫癜并缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,55岁。颈部淋巴结进行性肿大2个月,发热2周。发病以来体重减轻14kg。查体:T 38.7℃,双侧颈部和右腋窝均有数个直径2~5cm大小淋巴结,均活动,无压痛,心肺未见异常,腹平软,肝脾肋下未触及,血常规和骨髓检查均未见异常,左颈部淋巴结活检确诊为弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤。2.为判断淋巴瘤临床分期,首选的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸、腹部CT", "B": "肝功能", "C": "肾功能", "D": "心电图"}, "answer": "胸、腹部CT", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.结合型胆汁酸是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆酸", "B": "石胆酸", "C": "甘氨胆酸", "D": "鹅脱氧胆酸"}, "answer": "甘氨胆酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,56岁。皮肤黄染1个月,逐渐加深,伴皮肤瘙痒,大便灰白色,无发热。查体:T 36.8℃,P 85次/分,R 18次/分,BP 130/80mmHg,巩膜、皮肤黄染,双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心律齐。腹软,肝肋下4cm,未触及肿大胆囊,Murphy征阴性。腹部CT:肝总管上段2cm×1.5cm占位病变,最适宜的术式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝门胆管、胆囊、部分肝外胆管及部分肝门区的肝组织切除", "B": "ERCP取石术", "C": "胰头十二指肠切除术", "D": "左三叶肝切除"}, "answer": "肝门胆管、胆囊、部分肝外胆管及部分肝门区的肝组织切除", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "减毒活疫苗能有效预防其感染的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "轮状病毒", "B": "脊髓灰质炎病毒", "C": "肠道腺病毒", "D": "埃可病毒"}, "answer": "脊髓灰质炎病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,56岁。反复上腹胀痛1年,进食后呕吐1个月,呕吐物含有宿食。查体:贫血貌,消瘦,上腹可见胃型,可闻及振水音。1.最有价值的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B超", "B": "腹部CT", "C": "腹部X线平片", "D": "上消化道钡餐"}, "answer": "上消化道钡餐", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某县人口50万,约80%居民以河水为饮用水,该县设有一传染病科的综合医院,城市污水未经处理直接排入河水中。该县1986年1~11月份伤寒发病人数达1063例,超过该县历史(1958~1985年)同期平均发病人数的6.9倍。初步调查,发现患者集中于河水排污口的下游地带。2.关于这一地区的论述,下列哪项是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "城市污水排出口下游检出伤寒杆菌", "B": "医院污水排出口检出伤寒杆菌", "C": "城市污水排出口检出伤寒杆菌", "D": "伤寒患者排泄物中检出伤寒杆菌"}, "answer": "伤寒患者排泄物中检出伤寒杆菌", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列引起人畜共患疾病的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "百日咳杆菌", "B": "幽门螺杆菌", "C": "布氏杆菌", "D": "绿脓杆菌"}, "answer": "布氏杆菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.杀灭红细胞内疟原虫配子体和迟发型子孢子的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯喹", "B": "磷酸伯氨喹", "C": "甲硝唑", "D": "吐根碱"}, "answer": "氯喹", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "重度贫血的血红蛋白浓度是(  )。", "options": {"A": "<30g/L", "B": "30~59g/L", "C": "90~100g/L", "D": ">100g/L"}, "answer": "30~59g/L", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,45岁。右上腹痛2天。2天前聚餐后突发右上腹疼痛,伴恶心,呕吐胃内容物1次。查体:T 37℃,BP 130/80mmHg,右上腹压痛(+),Murphy征阳性。血WBC 14.1×109/L,N0.82。进一步检查首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部B超", "B": "磁共振胰胆管成像", "C": "腹部CT", "D": "ERCP"}, "answer": "腹部B超", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪种抗高血压药能防止,甚至逆转血管壁增厚和心肌肥大?(  )", "options": {"A": "钙拮抗药", "B": "利尿降压药", "C": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制药", "D": "α受体阻断药"}, "answer": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制药", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.与体表化脓感染相关的肝脓肿的常见致病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大肠埃希菌", "B": "双歧杆菌", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "D": "艰难梭状芽胞杆菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.腹部突然发生剧痛,全腹肌紧张,压痛及反跳痛。肝浊音界消失,可考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性胰腺炎", "B": "急性胃肠炎", "C": "胆石症", "D": "溃疡病急性穿孔"}, "answer": "溃疡病急性穿孔", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "传染病的责任报告人是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "城乡居民", "B": "个体开业医生", "C": "机关干部", "D": "停业执业医生"}, "answer": "个体开业医生", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初产妇,29岁,孕35周,子痫前期,突然出现腹痛伴有阴道少量流血。血压100/70mmHg,子宫张力高,宫底剑突下2指,胎心不清。1.诊断最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "羊水过多", "B": "胎盘早剥", "C": "先兆临产", "D": "子宫破裂"}, "answer": "胎盘早剥", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪一种自身抗体是系统性红斑狼疮的标记性抗体?(  )", "options": {"A": "抗Sm抗体", "B": "抗dsDNA抗体", "C": "抗SS-A抗体", "D": "抗磷脂抗体"}, "answer": "抗Sm抗体", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,68岁,进行性排尿困难,尿线变细,饮酒后症状加重。1.该患者最可能的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "前列腺增生", "B": "尿道狭窄", "C": "尿道结石", "D": "神经源性膀胱"}, "answer": "前列腺增生", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3岁患儿,曾多次患肺炎,平时无发绀。体检:心前区隆起,心尖搏动弥散,胸骨左缘第2肋间闻及3/6级粗糙的连续性机器样杂音,向颈部传导,有连续性震颤,有水冲脉。4.右心导管检查可出现的结果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "股动脉血氧含量低", "B": "右心房血氧含量高于上、下腔静脉平均血氧含量", "C": "右心室血氧含量高于右心房", "D": "肺动脉血氧含量高于右心室"}, "answer": "肺动脉血氧含量高于右心室", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对甲状腺肿瘤性质诊断正确率可达80%以上的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CT", "B": "核素扫描", "C": "磁共振", "D": "针吸涂片细胞学检查"}, "answer": "针吸涂片细胞学检查", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于妊娠女性,可疑甲亢时,下列哪一项检查不应该做?(  )", "options": {"A": "甲状腺摄131I率测定", "B": "TT3", "C": "FT3、FT4", "D": "TSH"}, "answer": "甲状腺摄131I率测定", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性心肌梗死发病后12天血清检查仍可能高于正常的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌酸激酶同工酶CK-MB", "B": "天冬氨酸氨基转移酶", "C": "肌酸激酶", "D": "肌钙蛋白T"}, "answer": "肌钙蛋白T", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,65岁,心房颤动及高血压病史5年,糖尿病2型,1年前曾发作言语不利伴肢体活动障碍,该患者长期抗栓治疗的药物应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低分子肝素", "B": "华法林", "C": "潘生丁", "D": "氯吡格雷"}, "answer": "华法林", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性糖尿病患者,45岁,肥胖体型,空腹血糖7.8mmol/L,治疗时首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "饮食控制", "B": "胰岛素", "C": "双胍类药物", "D": "中药"}, "answer": "饮食控制", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于6-巯基嘌呤的叙述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制次黄嘌呤生成IMP", "B": "抑制IMP生成AMP", "C": "抑制IMP生成GMP", "D": "抑制腺苷生成AMP"}, "answer": "抑制腺苷生成AMP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.右胫腓骨开放骨折,清创内固定后切口愈合良好,记录为(  )。", "options": {"A": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅱ/甲”", "B": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅲ/甲”", "C": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅱ/乙”", "D": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅲ/丙”"}, "answer": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅱ/甲”", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "可使肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者心脏杂音减弱的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "异丙肾上腺素", "B": "地高辛", "C": "硝酸甘油", "D": "心得安(普萘洛尔)"}, "answer": "心得安(普萘洛尔)", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.骨折近端屈曲、外旋、外展(  )。", "options": {"A": "股骨干上1/3骨折", "B": "股骨干中1/3骨折", "C": "股骨干下1/3骨折", "D": "股骨颈骨折"}, "answer": "股骨干上1/3骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,25岁。腰痛2年。有过2次左眼虹膜炎发作。查体:左足跟轻度肿胀,压痛(+);右膝肿胀及压痛(+),浮髌试验(+),实验室检查:HLA-B27(+),血沉32mm/h。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊柱关节炎", "B": "白塞病", "C": "痛风关节炎", "D": "感染性关节炎"}, "answer": "脊柱关节炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,60岁。突发心悸,气促2小时,咳粉红色泡沫样痰,不能平卧。高血压病史20年,未规律服用降压药。查体:BP 180/130mmHg。双肺满布干湿性啰音,心界扩大,心率110次/分,律绝对不齐。对该患者最恰当的治疗组合是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硝酸甘油、毛花苷C、美托洛尔", "B": "硝普钠、地尔硫、呋塞米", "C": "硫酸甘油、地尔硫、呋塞米", "D": "硝普钠、毛花苷C、呋塞米"}, "answer": "硝普钠、毛花苷C、呋塞米", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,57岁,体检发现血糖升高。既往有高血压、高脂血症史。其母患糖尿病。查体:1.该患者首选的降糖治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "格列齐特", "B": "二甲双胍", "C": "西格列汀", "D": "阿卡波糖"}, "answer": "二甲双胍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪一项不是促进生长激素分泌的因素?(  )", "options": {"A": "甲状腺素", "B": "睾酮", "C": "应激性刺激", "D": "异相睡眠"}, "answer": "异相睡眠", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "血清铁减低、总铁结合力增高及转运铁蛋白饱和度减低见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "感染性贫血", "B": "缺铁性贫血", "C": "再生障碍性贫血", "D": "铁粒幼细胞性贫血"}, "answer": "缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "采用作业法进行测验的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "明尼苏达多项人格调查表", "B": "洛夏墨迹测验", "C": "抑郁自评量表", "D": "韦氏智力测验"}, "answer": "韦氏智力测验", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "法洛四联症患儿吃奶或哭闹时突然出现晕厥、抽搐,最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑脓肿", "B": "肺静脉压突然升高", "C": "肺动脉漏斗部狭窄痉挛", "D": "左心负荷过重"}, "answer": "肺动脉漏斗部狭窄痉挛", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于知觉障碍下述哪一项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "患者对外界事物的体验障碍", "B": "多见于颞叶癫痫和脑器质性病变", "C": "患者对大小、空间的体验障碍", "D": "患者对自身形态的体验障碍"}, "answer": "多见于颞叶癫痫和脑器质性病变", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,22岁。双眼睑下垂1年余,诊断为重症肌无力。胸部CT发现前上纵隔占位,大小约2cm×2cm×1cm。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸内甲状腺", "B": "胸腺瘤", "C": "畸胎瘤", "D": "淋巴瘤"}, "answer": "胸腺瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.在应激状态下分泌立即增加的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾素", "B": "肾上腺皮质激素", "C": "降钙素", "D": "甲状腺激素"}, "answer": "肾上腺皮质激素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "具有高等学校医学专科学历,参加执业助理医师资格考试,至少应在医疗、预防、保健机构中试用(  )。", "options": {"A": "六个月", "B": "一年", "C": "三年", "D": "十八个月"}, "answer": "一年", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.在一个心动周期中,动脉血压的平均值称(  )。", "options": {"A": "收缩压", "B": "舒张压", "C": "平均动脉压", "D": "中心静脉压"}, "answer": "平均动脉压", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.患者,女,62岁,长期便秘史,一次排便后头痛,右侧肢体麻木无力,病情逐渐进展,2天后查头颅CT示左侧壳核区高密度病灶,查体可见(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑膜刺激征", "B": "三偏综合征", "C": "共济失调", "D": "记忆障碍"}, "answer": "三偏综合征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对癫痫小发作疗效最好的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙琥胺", "B": "地西泮", "C": "丙戊酸钠", "D": "扑米酮"}, "answer": "乙琥胺", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,24岁,因心悸、多食、消瘦、月经量少就诊,经查体及实验检查确诊为Graves病,病人幼年时有哮喘史,下列何种药物应禁忌?(  )", "options": {"A": "他巴唑(甲巯咪唑)", "B": "甲硫氧嘧啶", "C": "卡比马唑", "D": "普萘洛尔"}, "answer": "普萘洛尔", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有关肝细胞性黄疸患者血尿中胆红素变化的描述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清间接胆红素含量升高", "B": "尿胆红素阴性", "C": "直接胆红素含量低于间接胆红素", "D": "血清总胆红素含量升高"}, "answer": "尿胆红素阴性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医疗事故指的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "在诊疗护理工作中,因医务人员诊疗护理过失,直接造成病员死亡、残废、组织器官损伤导致功能障碍的", "B": "以病员及其家属不配合诊治为主要原因而造成不良后果的", "C": "发生难以避免的并发症的", "D": "由于病情或病员体质特殊而发生难以预料和防范的不良后果的"}, "answer": "在诊疗护理工作中,因医务人员诊疗护理过失,直接造成病员死亡、残废、组织器官损伤导致功能障碍的", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿1岁半。发热4d,热退后全身出现红色斑丘疹。其诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "幼儿急疹", "B": "猩红热", "C": "麻疹", "D": "水痘"}, "answer": "幼儿急疹", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.亲友互助献血,在输血科填写登记表后应如何?(  )", "options": {"A": "到血站或卫生行政部门批准的采血点无偿献血", "B": "到血站或卫生行政部门批准的采血点卖血", "C": "经治医师负责采血和贮血", "D": "护士负责采血和贮血"}, "answer": "到血站或卫生行政部门批准的采血点无偿献血", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列致病菌中,不会引起败血症的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄球菌", "B": "链球菌", "C": "绿脓杆茵", "D": "破伤风杆菌"}, "answer": "破伤风杆菌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,55岁,健康查体发现右胸8cm×7cm占位,最可能诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸腺癌", "B": "心包囊肿", "C": "神经源性肿瘤", "D": "胸内甲状腺"}, "answer": "神经源性肿瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是吗啡对中枢神经系统的作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "镇痛、镇静、镇咳、呼吸兴奋", "B": "镇痛、镇静、镇咳、缩瞳、致吐", "C": "镇痛、镇静、催眠、呼吸抑制、止吐", "D": "镇痛、镇静、扩瞳、呼吸抑制"}, "answer": "镇痛、镇静、镇咳、缩瞳、致吐", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.硬膜下积液(  )。", "options": {"A": "1岁之内患儿患化脓性脑膜炎易合并", "B": "结核性脑膜炎", "C": "新生儿化脓性脑膜炎", "D": "脑炎链球菌性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "1岁之内患儿患化脓性脑膜炎易合并", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "血清钙离子低于多少,可引起手足搐搦症发作(  )。", "options": {"A": "<1.0mmol/L(4mg/dl)", "B": "1.75~1.88mmol/L(7~7.5mg/dl)", "C": "2.25mmol/L(9mg/dl)", "D": "2.75mmol/L(11mg/dl)"}, "answer": "<1.0mmol/L(4mg/dl)", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,60岁。间断发热2周,尿黄伴乏力、纳差1周,症状逐渐加重,出现恶心、呕吐,既往体健,无肝病史,病前无饮酒、服药史,病前3周曾去外地旅游。查体:神志清楚,皮肤巩膜黄染,肝肋下2cm,脾肋下可触及,腹水征(-)。实验室检查:ALT 1500U/L,TBil 80μmol/L。1.该患者应首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性庚型肝炎", "B": "急性乙型肝炎", "C": "急性丁型肝炎", "D": "急性戊型肝炎"}, "answer": "急性戊型肝炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性骨髓炎死骨摘除术指征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热,局部红肿,有死骨、死腔", "B": "开放性骨折感染,骨折尚未愈合,有大块死骨", "C": "骨包壳充分形成,有死骨、死腔", "D": "死骨分界不清,有死腔与窦道"}, "answer": "骨包壳充分形成,有死骨、死腔", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肝素抗凝血的主要机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制Ⅹ因子的激活", "B": "增强抗凝血酶Ⅲ的活性", "C": "去除Ca2+", "D": "抑制血小板的作用"}, "answer": "增强抗凝血酶Ⅲ的活性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对多数蛛网膜下腔出血,下列哪项为防止再出血的根本方法?(  )", "options": {"A": "保持大便通畅", "B": "卧床休息4~6周", "C": "保持血压稳定", "D": "对先天性动脉瘤或脑血管畸形行手术治疗"}, "answer": "对先天性动脉瘤或脑血管畸形行手术治疗", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肾小球滤过率是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "两侧肾脏每分钟生成的原尿量", "B": "每侧肾脏每分钟生成的原尿量", "C": "每个肾单位每分钟生成的原尿量", "D": "每昼夜两侧肾脏生成的滤液量"}, "answer": "两侧肾脏每分钟生成的原尿量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列正常人摄取糖类过多时的几种代谢途径中,哪项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "糖转变为脂肪酸", "B": "糖转变为蛋白质", "C": "糖转变为甘油", "D": "糖氧化分解成CO2,H2O"}, "answer": "糖转变为蛋白质", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,30岁,乘车后突然发生右下腹痛,伴恶心,近年来有同样发作史,查:腹软,右下腹有深压痛,血常规:白细胞9.0×109/L尿镜检:红细胞(++),白细胞0~6个/HP,应诊为(  )。", "options": {"A": "右侧输尿管结石", "B": "右侧输卵管炎", "C": "单纯性不完全性肠梗阻", "D": "麦克尔憩室炎"}, "answer": "右侧输尿管结石", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于强迫观念的说法正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "强迫观念是一种无意义的插入性思维", "B": "强迫观念是一种无意义的穷思竭虑", "C": "强迫观念是一种偏见", "D": "以上都不对"}, "answer": "以上都不对", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "7个月女婴,以发热、咳嗽、喘憋6天为主诉入院。入院后第二天患儿突然面色灰白,极度烦躁不安,呼吸明显增快,印次/分,听心音低钝,节律整,心率180次/分,呈奔马律,双肺闻及广泛的水泡音,肝肋下3cm,下肢有浮肿。血常规:白细胞55×109/L。胸片双肺见小片状影,肺纹理增强,肺气肿。2.产生本病并发症的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺动脉高压合并中毒性心肌炎", "B": "循环充血和高血压", "C": "弥散性血管内凝血", "D": "末梢循环衰竭"}, "answer": "肺动脉高压合并中毒性心肌炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于NK细胞的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "具有ADCC作用", "B": "具有免疫调节作用", "C": "杀伤靶细胞需要预先致敏", "D": "能非特异性杀伤靶细胞"}, "answer": "杀伤靶细胞需要预先致敏", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "依照对医疗机构执业要求的规定,医疗机构有下列义务,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "必须承担相应的医疗卫生知识的宣传普及工作", "B": "必须承担相应的预防工作", "C": "承担卫生行政部门委托的支援农村的任务", "D": "承担卫生行政部门委托的指导基层医疗卫生工作的任务"}, "answer": "必须承担相应的医疗卫生知识的宣传普及工作", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.上述哪项可引起假膜性肠炎?(  )", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "B": "肺炎链球菌", "C": "淋病奈瑟菌", "D": "脑膜炎奈瑟菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,65岁。进行性排尿困难已1年,不能自行排尿8小时,膀胱膨隆,轻压痛,首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "针灸", "B": "耻骨上膀胱穿刺", "C": "导尿并保留导尿管", "D": "耻骨上膀胱造瘘"}, "answer": "导尿并保留导尿管", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.子宫颈癌(  )。", "options": {"A": "易发生血道转移", "B": "种植转移", "C": "易发生局部浸润", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "易发生局部浸润", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "长期保存病毒毒种最好的条件是(  )。", "options": {"A": "保存的酸碱度最好小于pH 5.0或大于pH 9.0", "B": "保存液中加入1mol/L硫酸镁(MgSO4)", "C": "-70℃低温冰箱或液氮(-196℃)内", "D": "紫外线照射后存放"}, "answer": "-70℃低温冰箱或液氮(-196℃)内", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "认为医技人员从属于医师、服务于医师的观点,不符合正确处理医务人员之间关系的哪一条具体道德原则(  )。", "options": {"A": "正当竞争", "B": "彼此平等、互相尊重", "C": "共同维护病人利益和社会公益", "D": "不伤害"}, "answer": "彼此平等、互相尊重", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.伤寒的病变部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化道主要病变部位是小肠", "B": "消化道主要病变部位是回肠末端", "C": "消化道主要病变部位是盲肠结肠", "D": "消化道主要病变部位是结肠"}, "answer": "消化道主要病变部位是回肠末端", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医师发现或怀疑胎儿异常时,应当对孕妇进行产前诊断。“产前诊断”指(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎儿发育诊察", "B": "孕妇健康诊察", "C": "胎儿先天性缺陷诊断", "D": "对孕妇进行遗传病诊察"}, "answer": "胎儿先天性缺陷诊断", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "给兔静脉注射50%葡萄糖溶液5ml后,尿量增多的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血浆胶体渗透压降低", "B": "小管液溶质浓度增加", "C": "血浆晶体渗透压增高", "D": "血容量增多"}, "answer": "小管液溶质浓度增加", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,30岁。车祸撞伤腹部出现持续性疼痛,尚能忍受。查体:面色苍白,脉搏快而弱,腹软,有压痛和轻度反跳痛,肠鸣音消失。B超示腹腔有中等量积液。该患者腹腔内的液体最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆汁", "B": "胰液", "C": "血液", "D": "肠液"}, "answer": "血液", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病可靠的早期诊断指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血钙降低", "B": "血磷降低", "C": "血镁降低", "D": "血1,25-(OH)2D3降低"}, "answer": "血1,25-(OH)2D3降低", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于近球小体的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颗粒细胞是位于出球小动脉中膜内的肌上皮细胞", "B": "致密斑位于远曲小管的起始部", "C": "颗粒细胞是感受出球小动脉血液中NaCl含量的感受器", "D": "致密斑内含有大量肾素"}, "answer": "致密斑位于远曲小管的起始部", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,5岁,发热5天,头痛,呕吐3天。查体:心肺无异常,脑膜刺激征阳性。脑脊液:外观透明,细胞数100×106/L,蛋白质0.8g/L,糖3.0mmol/L,氯化物122mmol/L,脑脊液留置24小时无薄膜形成。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核性脑膜炎", "B": "病毒性脑膜炎", "C": "化脓性脑膜炎", "D": "新型隐球菌脑膜炎"}, "answer": "病毒性脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "G蛋白是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "鸟苷酸结合蛋白", "B": "蛋白激酶A", "C": "蛋白激酶G", "D": "蛋白激酶C"}, "answer": "鸟苷酸结合蛋白", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是大量饮清水后引起尿量增多的主要原因?(  )", "options": {"A": "抗利尿激素分泌减少", "B": "肾小球滤过率增大", "C": "动脉血压升高", "D": "血管紧张素Ⅱ减少"}, "answer": "抗利尿激素分泌减少", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,6岁,身高80cm,智能落后,仅能数1~20个数。查体:皮肤粗糙,眼距宽,鼻梁宽平,舌宽厚,常伸于口外,毛发枯干,发际低,骨龄摄片仅有4枚骨化核。1.为确诊应做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "智能测定", "B": "尿三氯化铁实验", "C": "尿黏多糖分析", "D": "血清T3、T4、TSH测定"}, "answer": "血清T3、T4、TSH测定", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,32岁。右大腿枪弹伤4小时。伤口已经在院外经过初步处理。查体:T 37.8℃,P 141次/分,R 28次/分,BP 72/43mmHg。面色苍白,呼吸急促。双肺呼吸音清晰,心律齐。腹软,无压痛。大腿中下1/3处对穿性伤口,已经用纱布覆盖包扎,无明显渗血。足背动脉搏动弱。1.该患者首要的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急诊清创缝合", "B": "注射TAT", "C": "建立静脉通道,补充血容量", "D": "DSA检查了解有无血管损伤"}, "answer": "建立静脉通道,补充血容量", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,32岁。左下腹痛2个月,黄稀便,每日3次。结肠镜示:直肠、乙状结肠糜烂及浅溃疡,大范围充血、水肿。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性肠炎", "B": "溃疡性结肠炎", "C": "克罗恩病", "D": "肺结核"}, "answer": "溃疡性结肠炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,26岁。原发不育,月经减少4个月,诊断性刮宫未发现异常。妇科检查:子宫稍小、活动欠佳,双侧可触及不规则包块、质硬。最可能的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "月经失调", "B": "慢性盆腔炎", "C": "卵巢肿瘤", "D": "输卵管结核"}, "answer": "输卵管结核", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "外科感染的局部治疗中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "散淤消肿", "B": "患部适当活动,促进循环", "C": "必要时切除发炎脏器", "D": "加强营养支持"}, "answer": "加强营养支持", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,20岁。面色苍白、乏力、心悸1周。实验室检查:Hb 65g/L,WBC 9.4×109/L,PLT 212×109/L,网织红细胞0.12,Coombs试验阳性。该患者首选的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "输注红细胞", "B": "应用环孢素A", "C": "脾切除", "D": "应用糖皮质激素"}, "answer": "应用糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项不是类风湿关节炎的临床表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "关节痛", "B": "类风湿结节", "C": "关节畸形", "D": "男性发病多于女性"}, "answer": "男性发病多于女性", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "正常情况下,肾脏近端小管对Na+和水的重吸收率(  )。", "options": {"A": "约占滤液量的99%", "B": "受肾小球滤过率的影响", "C": "与葡萄糖的重吸收率平行", "D": "受血管升压素的调节"}, "answer": "受肾小球滤过率的影响", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,重体力劳动工人,腰腿痛,并向左下肢放散,咳嗽、喷嚏时加重。检查腰部活动明显受限,并向左倾斜,直腿抬高试验阳性。病程中无低热、盗汗、消瘦症状。2.如有小腿及足外侧麻木,足趾跖屈力及跟腱反射弱,可能的病变节段是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰1~2", "B": "腰2~3", "C": "腰4~5", "D": "腰5~骶1"}, "answer": "腰5~骶1", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,28岁,左上肢外展位跌倒,手掌着地,当即左肩肿痛。查体:左肩部包满,局部稍下方凹陷有明显压痛,患肩活动障碍。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左肩软组织损", "B": "左肩关节前脱位", "C": "肱骨外科颈骨折", "D": "肱骨外科颈骨折合并关节脱位"}, "answer": "肱骨外科颈骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,13岁,反复呕血、黑便,皮肤瘀斑1周,肝脾不大,血红蛋白60g/L,WBC 6×109/L,血小板10×109/L。骨髓增生活跃,巨核细胞数增多,幼稚巨核细胞比例增多。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "再生障碍性贫血", "B": "血友病", "C": "过敏性紫癜", "D": "特发性血小板减少性紫癜"}, "answer": "特发性血小板减少性紫癜", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,35岁。2周前发热、咳嗽、咳黄痰。经抗炎治疗后好转。现再次高热、咳嗽、胸闷。查体:T 39.5℃,P 115次/分,R 24次/分,气管右移,左侧语颤减弱,叩诊肺实音,呼吸音消失。血常规WBC 23×109/L。最有效的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸腔闭式引流", "B": "胸膜剥脱术", "C": "静脉点滴广谱抗生素", "D": "胸腔内注入抗生素"}, "answer": "胸腔闭式引流", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "川崎病急性期最佳治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿司匹林", "B": "丙种球蛋白+阿司匹林", "C": "糖皮质激素", "D": "丙种球蛋白"}, "answer": "丙种球蛋白+阿司匹林", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在重组DNA技术中催化形成重组体DNA分子的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "DNA聚合酶", "B": "DNA解链酶", "C": "DNA连接酶", "D": "DNA拓扑酶"}, "answer": "DNA连接酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,25岁。骑跨式会阴部外伤后不能自行排尿,会阴部青紫并阴囊血肿,导尿管不能插入膀胱,多为(  )。", "options": {"A": "阴囊损伤", "B": "阴茎部尿道损伤", "C": "尿道球部损伤", "D": "膀胱损伤"}, "answer": "尿道球部损伤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.双肺听诊可闻及固定的中小水泡音(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管肺炎", "B": "急性支气管炎", "C": "肺结核", "D": "急性喉炎"}, "answer": "支气管肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "麻疹病毒(  )。", "options": {"A": "有两个血清型", "B": "病后形成短暂免疫力", "C": "可用丙种球蛋白做平时预防", "D": "能引起慢性病毒感染"}, "answer": "能引起慢性病毒感染", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性乳腺炎的最主要的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "初产妇母乳喂养", "B": "乳汁淤积", "C": "缺乏哺乳经验", "D": "断乳时"}, "answer": "乳汁淤积", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是引起医院交叉感染最常见的细菌?(  )", "options": {"A": "结核杆菌", "B": "伤寒杆菌", "C": "耐药性金黄色葡萄球菌", "D": "变形杆菌"}, "answer": "耐药性金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩,4岁。一向偏食,不吃鱼肉蛋,近日发现面色渐苍白。不愿活动,时而腹泻。查体心肺正常,肝脏于肋下触及3cm,脾未及,血Hb 60g/L,RBC 2.90×1012/L,血涂片:红细胞大小不等,以小为主,中心淡染区扩大。2.确定此病最灵敏的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清铁蛋白测定", "B": "骨穿及骨髓象分析", "C": "MCV、MCH、MCHC", "D": "血清维生素B12测定"}, "answer": "血清铁蛋白测定", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "慢性肺源性心脏病发病的主要因素,下列哪项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "气道梗阻", "B": "肺动脉高压", "C": "低氧血症及高碳酸血症", "D": "血黏度增加"}, "answer": "气道梗阻", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪种肿瘤不是来自间叶组织?(  )", "options": {"A": "淋巴管瘤", "B": "黑色素瘤", "C": "恶性纤维组织细胞瘤", "D": "平滑肌瘤"}, "answer": "黑色素瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.根治术后5年生存率为30%的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脾曲结肠癌,Duke C期", "B": "乙状结肠癌,Duke A1期", "C": "乙状结肠癌,Duke D期", "D": "降结肠癌,Duke B期"}, "answer": "脾曲结肠癌,Duke C期", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,5岁,持续发热15天,体温39~39.5℃,伴腹泻,每日3~5次,体检:神萎,心率72/min,肝右肋下2cm,脾肋下1.5cm,血常规检查:白细胞3.0×109/L,中性粒细胞0.60,淋巴细胞0.40,嗜酸粒细胞0,ALT200U/L,血清抗HBs阳性,诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性乙型肝炎", "B": "伤寒", "C": "急性血吸虫病", "D": "急性细菌性痢疾"}, "answer": "急性乙型肝炎", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,34岁,皮下结节3年,反复发作性头痛、共济失调4个月。体检:躯干、四肢、头皮下触及多个直径在0.5~1.0cm大小圆形结节,质韧,无触痛,与周围组织无粘连。临床诊断为囊虫病4.如患者出现单眼视力下降,经裂隙灯检查见灰蓝色圆形囊泡,用电刺激可见虫体蠕动。此时治疗应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲苯达唑", "B": "吡喹酮", "C": "氯喹", "D": "手术治疗"}, "answer": "手术治疗", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是促进肾小球滤过的动力?(  )", "options": {"A": "血浆胶体渗透压", "B": "全身动脉压", "C": "囊内压", "D": "肾小球毛细血管血压"}, "answer": "肾小球毛细血管血压", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.抑制胃液分泌的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "盐酸", "B": "组胺", "C": "促胃液素", "D": "乙酰胆碱"}, "answer": "盐酸", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "从总的方面来说,患者享有的保密权有两大内容(  )。", "options": {"A": "为自己保密和向自己保密", "B": "躯体缺陷和心理活动", "C": "个人隐私和家庭隐私", "D": "不良诊断和不良预后"}, "answer": "为自己保密和向自己保密", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于苯妥英钠的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "无镇静催眠作用", "B": "不宜肌内注射", "C": "抗癫痫作用与开放Na+通道有关", "D": "血药浓度过高则按零级动力学消除"}, "answer": "抗癫痫作用与开放Na+通道有关", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "治疗胆囊结石,方法正确又效果确切的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "药物溶石疗法", "B": "体外震波碎石法", "C": "胆囊切除术", "D": "胆囊切除,胆总管探查引流术"}, "answer": "胆囊切除术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男性,30岁。突发寒战、高热。隔日发作1次,已10d。体检:脾肋下1cm,余未见异常,末梢血化验:WBC 5.0×109/L,中性粒细胞占0.68,淋巴细胞0.32,Hb 100g/L,血培养(﹣)。患者同年8月曾去海南旅游半个月。该患者发热最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤寒", "B": "疟疾", "C": "急性血吸虫病", "D": "急性粒细胞白血病"}, "answer": "疟疾", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "主治医师为一名择期手术患者提交了临床用血申请,经上级医师核准后予以签发,依照《医疗机构临床用血管理办法》的规定,申请的备血量应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1000ml", "B": "1200ml", "C": "600ml", "D": "900ml"}, "answer": "600ml", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.腺病毒肺炎可出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "体温一般不高,喘憋为主,肺部听诊有哮鸣音", "B": "多为稽留热,肺部体征出现晚", "C": "嗜酸细胞增高", "D": "X线检查示肺部片状阴影,呈云雾状或游走性"}, "answer": "X线检查示肺部片状阴影,呈云雾状或游走性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于铁剂治疗缺铁性贫血,以下不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "最好于两餐之间服药", "B": "常用口服剂量为硫酸亚铁1~2mg/(kg·次),每日2~3次", "C": "铁剂应用至血红蛋白达正常水平后2个月左右再停药", "D": "注射铁剂能用肌内注射者应尽量不用静脉注射"}, "answer": "常用口服剂量为硫酸亚铁1~2mg/(kg·次),每日2~3次", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "张某在家中突然出现急性上腹疼痛并且便血,亲属急送医院救治。送至医院后,病人面色苍白、四肢发冷、脉快无力,血压下降,出现失血性休克,急需输血。1.此时经治医师应(  )。", "options": {"A": "直接到输血科(血库)取适合血液给病人输血", "B": "向家属说明同种异体血的不良反应和经输血传播疾病的可能性,争得同意并签字后输血", "C": "直接使用血型相同的家属的血液输血", "D": "直接回输病人流出的血液"}, "answer": "向家属说明同种异体血的不良反应和经输血传播疾病的可能性,争得同意并签字后输血", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,62岁。间断上腹痛10余年,加重伴餐后上腹胀3年。胃镜见幽门前区大弯侧直径1.5cm范围黏膜不平,活检病理示重度异型增生。最适当的处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服质子泵抑制剂治疗", "B": "口服胃黏膜保护剂,近期复查", "C": "近期行胃大部切除术", "D": "口服H2受体拮抗剂,近期复查"}, "answer": "近期行胃大部切除术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,重体力劳动工人,腰腿痛,并向左下肢放散,咳嗽、喷嚏时加重。检查腰部活动明显受限,并向左倾斜,直腿抬高试验阳性。病程中无低热、盗汗、消瘦症状。1.诊断首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰肌劳损", "B": "腰间盘突出症", "C": "强直性脊柱炎", "D": "腰椎管狭窄症"}, "answer": "腰间盘突出症", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男孩,12岁。肾病综合征初次治疗,口服泼尼松片2mg/(kg·d),2周后尿蛋白转阴,巩固治疗2周开始减量,改成隔日晨顿服2mg/kg,共4周,以后每4~6周减量0.5mg/kg,直至停药。此激素治疗方案为(  )。", "options": {"A": "中程疗法", "B": "冲击疗法", "C": "替代疗法", "D": "长程疗法"}, "answer": "中程疗法", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.计划免疫接种疫苗中包括疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹", "B": "药物疹", "C": "猩红热", "D": "丘疹样荨麻疹"}, "answer": "麻疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,30岁。腹痛、腹泻伴里急后重3天。最初为稀便,2天后为黏液脓血便,偶见片状灰白色膜。该患者为(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤维素性炎", "B": "出血性炎", "C": "浆液性炎", "D": "化脓性炎"}, "answer": "纤维素性炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "cGMP能激活(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋白激酶A", "B": "蛋白激酶C", "C": "蛋白激酶G", "D": "磷脂酶C"}, "answer": "蛋白激酶G", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,56岁,发热,咳嗽伴呼吸困难3天,慢性阻塞性肺疾病10年,查体:T 38℃,胸部X线示右上肺大片状影,其内可见多个透亮区,痰涂片革兰染色阳性球菌,成簇分布,该患者肺部最可能感染的病原菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "B": "卡他莫拉菌", "C": "溶血性链球菌", "D": "肺炎链球菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于旧结核菌素(OT)或结核菌纯蛋白衍生物(PPD)试验的结果判断和解释,下列错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "注射局部于48~72小时红肿硬结直径<5mm者为阴性,≥5mm者为阳性,≥15mm者为强阳性", "B": "阴性结果,表明受试者可能未感染过结核分枝杆菌", "C": "阳性结果,表明受试者已感染过结核杆菌或接种卡介苗(BCG)成功,机体有了特异性免疫力及对结核菌的迟发型超敏反应", "D": "强阳性结果表明,受试者机体的特异性免疫力很强,不太可能患结核病"}, "answer": "强阳性结果表明,受试者机体的特异性免疫力很强,不太可能患结核病", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "乳腺癌的起源的主要部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "导管上皮", "B": "真皮汗腺上皮", "C": "腺泡上皮", "D": "纤维腺瘤"}, "answer": "导管上皮", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.CCMD为(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神与行为障碍分类", "B": "精神障碍诊断与统计手册", "C": "中国精神障碍分类方案", "D": "中国精神疾病分类与诊断标准"}, "answer": "中国精神疾病分类与诊断标准", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于血钾失调,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血钾比低血钾多见", "B": "高血钾可以引起神经肌肉应激性减低", "C": "组织损伤和酸中毒可引起高血钾", "D": "为纠正低血钾,紧急时可推注15%氯化钾"}, "answer": "组织损伤和酸中毒可引起高血钾", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "高水平血清甲胎蛋白常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "孕妇", "B": "慢性胆囊炎患者", "C": "重度嗜烟者", "D": "原发性肝细胞性肝癌"}, "answer": "原发性肝细胞性肝癌", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项为目前治疗系统性红斑狼疮的主药?(  )", "options": {"A": "非甾体抗炎药", "B": "磷酸氯喹", "C": "环磷酰胺", "D": "泼尼松"}, "answer": "泼尼松", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某患者,高热,脑膜刺激征阳性,继而昏迷,抢救无效,死后尸检发现,肺表面布满粟粒大小结节,镜下见有干酪样坏死及郎汉斯巨细胞。应诊为(  )。", "options": {"A": "干酪性肺炎", "B": "急性粟粒性肺结核", "C": "原发综合征", "D": "局灶型肺结核"}, "answer": "急性粟粒性肺结核", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.首先考虑为肝癌的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血性腹水", "B": "腹水为渗出液", "C": "腹水为脓性", "D": "腹水介于漏出液与渗出液之间"}, "answer": "血性腹水", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.Dugas征阳性(  )。", "options": {"A": "肩关节脱位", "B": "髋关节后上脱位", "C": "髋关节前下脱位", "D": "髋关节中心脱位"}, "answer": "肩关节脱位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不符合营养性巨幼细胞性贫血的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝脾轻度肿大", "B": "智力及动作发育倒退", "C": "血涂片中RBC大小不等,中心浅染区明显", "D": "可出现血小板降低"}, "answer": "血涂片中RBC大小不等,中心浅染区明显", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "新生儿败血症有价值的诊断依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高热", "B": "白细胞总数增加", "C": "血培养阳性", "D": "皮疹明显"}, "answer": "血培养阳性", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性肾小球肾炎并发高血压脑病时,应首选的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卧床休息2~3周", "B": "限制蛋白质的摄入量", "C": "硝普钠扩张血管", "D": "切除慢性炎症扁桃体腺"}, "answer": "硝普钠扩张血管", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "成人股骨干骨折,并有足背及胫前动脉搏动细弱,其首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "下肢骨牵引", "B": "切开复位内固定", "C": "手法复位夹板外固定", "D": "手法复位石膏外固定"}, "answer": "切开复位内固定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者女性,45岁,因乳腺硬癌伴腋窝淋巴结转移行根治术后,术后辅助治疗应选(  )。", "options": {"A": "放射治疗或化疗+雌激素治疗", "B": "放射治疗", "C": "放射治疗或化疗+雄激素治疗", "D": "放射治疗或化疗+双侧卵巢切除"}, "answer": "放射治疗或化疗+雄激素治疗", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于人类胚胎干细胞研究和应用的伦理原则,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "需先经动物实验等措施,以符合安全和有效的原则", "B": "禁止故意生产、销售、买卖配子和胚胎等,以防止商品化", "C": "配子和胚胎等属于个人财产,允许买卖,符合公平的原则", "D": "与病人或受试者有关的信息应充分告知"}, "answer": "配子和胚胎等属于个人财产,允许买卖,符合公平的原则", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在治疗肱骨髁上骨折时,最应防止出现的畸形是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肘外翻畸形", "B": "肘内翻畸形", "C": "向前成角畸形", "D": "向后成角畸形"}, "answer": "肘内翻畸形", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.艾滋病的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "沙眼衣原体", "B": "疱疹病毒", "C": "人免疫缺陷病毒", "D": "苍白密螺旋体"}, "answer": "人免疫缺陷病毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "乳牙最晚于何时出齐(  )。", "options": {"A": "1.5岁", "B": "2.5岁", "C": "3岁", "D": "3.5岁"}, "answer": "2.5岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "与CCMD-3最接近的分类诊断标准是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ICD-9", "B": "ICD-10", "C": "DSM-Ⅲ", "D": "DSM-Ⅳ"}, "answer": "ICD-10", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于绒毛膜促性腺激素的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是甾体激素", "B": "由子宫蜕膜细胞产生", "C": "其分泌受垂体促性腺激素的影响", "D": "与绝经期促性腺激素合用可诱发排卵"}, "answer": "与绝经期促性腺激素合用可诱发排卵", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列各项中,不利于医院整体效应发挥的是群体间的(  )。", "options": {"A": "互补", "B": "师承", "C": "离心", "D": "合作"}, "answer": "离心", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性有机磷农药中毒发生肺水肿,首要措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "强心苷静脉注射", "B": "彻底洗胃", "C": "静脉注射阿托品", "D": "解磷胺静脉注射"}, "answer": "静脉注射阿托品", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "何谓开放性脱位?(  )", "options": {"A": "同时伴关节面骨折", "B": "手术探查时发现关节囊有裂伤", "C": "同时伴关节韧带断裂", "D": "关节腔与外界相通"}, "answer": "关节腔与外界相通", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.可以满足某一特定性别,年龄及生理状况群体中绝大多数个体(97%~98%)需要量的某种营养素的摄入水平是(  )。", "options": {"A": "适宜摄入量(AI)", "B": "平均需要量(EAR)", "C": "推荐摄入量(RNI)", "D": "可耐受最高摄入量(UL)"}, "answer": "推荐摄入量(RNI)", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列不属于特殊型胃癌的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "未分化癌", "B": "鳞状细胞癌", "C": "类癌", "D": "印戒细胞癌"}, "answer": "印戒细胞癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.亚基解聚时(  )。", "options": {"A": "二级结构破坏", "B": "三级结构破坏", "C": "四级结构破坏", "D": "空间结构破坏"}, "answer": "四级结构破坏", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "蛋白质从细胞外液进入细胞内的转运方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯扩散", "B": "易化扩散", "C": "入胞", "D": "出胞"}, "answer": "入胞", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "胃黏膜分泌盐酸的壁细胞主要分布于(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃底和胃体", "B": "胃体和胃窦", "C": "胃窦和幽门", "D": "胃底和胃窦"}, "answer": "胃底和胃体", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "《红楼梦》中的林黛玉,其动作稳定缓慢,观察事物细致入微,敏感多疑,孤独多虑,情感体验深刻且持久。2.根据希波克拉底的体液学说,林黛玉体内占优势的体液是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血液", "B": "黏液", "C": "胃液", "D": "黑胆汁"}, "answer": "黑胆汁", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "发生脱位率最高的关节是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肩关节", "B": "膝关节", "C": "髋关节", "D": "骶髂关节"}, "answer": "肩关节", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,42岁,近一个月来在刷牙时常出现右上牙部及右面部疼痛,每次持续5~6秒钟,神经系统检查无阳性体征。2.应首先做的辅助检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "头部CT", "B": "牙部X线片", "C": "脑电图", "D": "血常规"}, "answer": "牙部X线片", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,50岁,发现右乳外上象限肿块3个月,约3cm×2.5cm大小,同侧腋窝触及肿大、质硬淋巴结,全身情况良好。2.如确诊为乳癌,以下哪项为较理想的治疗方案?(  )", "options": {"A": "乳癌根治术加放射治疗", "B": "乳癌根治术加免疫治疗", "C": "乳癌根治术加中医治疗", "D": "乳癌根治术加内分泌治疗"}, "answer": "乳癌根治术加放射治疗", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "化脓性感染形成脓肿后,外科治疗的原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全身加大抗生素剂量", "B": "改用其他抗生素", "C": "加用肾上腺皮质激素", "D": "立即切开引流"}, "answer": "立即切开引流", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某物质在肾动脉中有一定浓度,而在肾静脉中为0,则该物质的血浆清除率等于(  )。", "options": {"A": "0", "B": "每分钟尿量", "C": "每分钟肾小管重吸收原尿量", "D": "每分钟肾血流量"}, "answer": "每分钟肾血流量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性营养不良的表现(  )。", "options": {"A": "体重下降", "B": "全身消瘦", "C": "身高低于正常", "D": "有水电解质紊乱"}, "answer": "身高低于正常", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "《医疗事故处理条例》规定患者在发生医疗纠纷的时候可以封存和复印病历,下列资料中哪项属于可以封存但不能复印的病历资料?(  )", "options": {"A": "会诊记录", "B": "门诊病历", "C": "病理报告单", "D": "化验报告单"}, "answer": "会诊记录", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "光镜下见病灶中央为纤维素样坏死,周围有增生的Aschoff细胞,该病灶应称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "假结核结节", "B": "伤寒小结", "C": "风湿小体", "D": "小胶质细胞结节"}, "answer": "风湿小体", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项不是慢性肾盂肾炎的病理变化?(  )", "options": {"A": "肾脏出现不规则疤痕", "B": "疤痕分布不均匀", "C": "疤痕分布均匀,两侧对称", "D": "肾皮髓界限不清"}, "answer": "疤痕分布均匀,两侧对称", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小脑幕切迹疝疝内容物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "海马钩", "B": "扣带回", "C": "大脑脚", "D": "脑干"}, "answer": "海马钩", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.克罗恩病的好发部位(  )。", "options": {"A": "病变主要位于直肠和乙状结肠", "B": "病变多位于回肠远段", "C": "病变以全结肠弥漫性改变为主", "D": "十二指肠"}, "answer": "病变多位于回肠远段", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医学伦理学的学科性质指的是它属(  )。", "options": {"A": "元伦理学", "B": "医德学", "C": "应用伦理学", "D": "生命伦理学"}, "answer": "应用伦理学", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.β-内酰胺类的作用机制(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制细菌细胞壁合成", "B": "抑制细菌DNA依赖的RNA多聚酶", "C": "抑制细菌二氢叶酸还原酶", "D": "抑制细菌DNA合成"}, "answer": "抑制细菌细胞壁合成", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.直肠癌合并急性肠梗阻的病人一般情况差。肿块距肛缘8cm,手术时选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "Miles手术", "B": "Dixon手术", "C": "Bacon手术", "D": "Hartmann手术"}, "answer": "Hartmann手术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于抗原对免疫应答的调节作用,下列哪项是错误的(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗原的存在是免疫应答发生的前提", "B": "抗原在体内耗尽,免疫应答即停止", "C": "一定范围内,应答水平与抗原的量呈正相关", "D": "抗原的质与免疫应答的类型无关"}, "answer": "抗原的质与免疫应答的类型无关", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某病人,因医生开药少而且便宜,所以对医生有意见,诊治医生在对病人做解释时,下列哪项是不恰当的(  )。", "options": {"A": "合理配伍", "B": "对症下药", "C": "节约费用", "D": "医生权利有限"}, "answer": "医生权利有限", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "大叶性肺炎不会发生的合并症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸膜炎", "B": "败血症", "C": "肺褐色硬化", "D": "脓毒败血症"}, "answer": "肺褐色硬化", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医疗机构施行特殊治疗时(  )。", "options": {"A": "可以由经治医生决定施行", "B": "由医院决定施行", "C": "可以征求患者意见", "D": "必须征得患者同意"}, "answer": "必须征得患者同意", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "重型病毒性肝炎患者引起出血最主要的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "由肝脏合成的多种凝血因子缺乏", "B": "毛细血管脆性增加", "C": "维生素K吸收障碍", "D": "X、Ⅻ因子减少"}, "answer": "由肝脏合成的多种凝血因子缺乏", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.泄露患者隐私造成严重后果当处以(  )。", "options": {"A": "追究刑事责任", "B": "罚款", "C": "承担赔偿责任", "D": "警告或责令暂停执业活动6月~1年"}, "answer": "警告或责令暂停执业活动6月~1年", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1分子乙酰辅酶A经三羧酸循环氧化可生成ATP的数目是(  )。", "options": {"A": "3个", "B": "4个", "C": "12个", "D": "24个"}, "answer": "12个", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "5岁女孩,自幼身体瘦弱,易患感冒。查体:心前区稍隆起,未触及震颤,胸骨左缘第2肋间可闻及Ⅱ级收缩期杂音,P2亢进,固定分裂。3.最可能出现的超声心动图改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左房增大,左室流出道增宽", "B": "右房增大,右室流出道增宽", "C": "室间隔与左室壁呈反向运动", "D": "左室内膜增厚"}, "answer": "右房增大,右室流出道增宽", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "确诊新生儿败血症最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血培养", "B": "免疫功能检查", "C": "分泌物涂片革兰染色", "D": "血CRP"}, "answer": "血培养", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在补体旁路活化途径中的C3转化酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "C1S", "B": "C3bBb", "C": "C3bBbP", "D": "D因子"}, "answer": "C3bBbP", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心室肌细胞有效不应期相当于(  )。", "options": {"A": "收缩期", "B": "舒张期", "C": "收缩期+舒张早期", "D": "收缩期+舒张期"}, "answer": "收缩期+舒张早期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "11个月男婴,Ⅱ°烧伤面积10%,体重10公斤,额外丢失液体量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "100ml", "B": "200ml", "C": "250ml", "D": "300ml"}, "answer": "200ml", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.G蛋白结合GDP后(  )。", "options": {"A": "使α-亚基与效应蛋白解离", "B": "具蛋白激酶C活性", "C": "具酪氨酸蛋白激酶活性", "D": "可激活腺苷酸环化酶"}, "answer": "使α-亚基与效应蛋白解离", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,50岁,因患二尖瓣狭窄进行了瓣膜置换术。术前肝功正常,HBsAg(-),术中输血600ml。术后1个月复查,ALT 240U/L,TBil 15μmol/L。1.患者ALT增高的原因最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性乙型肝炎", "B": "急性丙型肝炎", "C": "急性丁型肝炎", "D": "急性戊型肝炎"}, "answer": "急性丙型肝炎", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在实验中,动物出现搏出量降低、左心室舒张末期压力降低、血压降低,这是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉回心血量减少", "B": "射血分数降低", "C": "心肌收缩能力降低", "D": "心率减慢"}, "answer": "静脉回心血量减少", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,68岁。排便习惯改变3个月,便中带血1周,查体:浅表淋巴结未触及肿大,腹平软,未触及包块,移动性浊音(-),肠鸣音正常。直肠指诊:直肠前壁距肛缘4cm菜花型肿物,侵及直肠1/4周径,肿物直径2cm,指套染血。为明确诊断及选择治疗方式,最佳的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部MRI", "B": "腹部CT", "C": "直肠镜", "D": "结肠镜"}, "answer": "直肠镜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,45岁。因肝硬化(失代偿期)入院。1天前出现明显呼吸困难。查体:体温正常,双肺呼吸音清,血气分析示低氧血症。抗感染治疗无效。最可能发生的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎", "B": "肝肾综合征", "C": "肝肺综合征", "D": "支气管哮喘"}, "answer": "肝肺综合征", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列不属于骨髓增生异常综合症骨髓常见病态造血表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红系核浆发育不平衡", "B": "粒系细胞颗粒过多", "C": "粒系细胞颗粒过少", "D": "见到幼稚型巨核细胞"}, "answer": "粒系细胞颗粒过多", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "室间隔损、房间隔缺损、动脉导管未闭及法洛四联症,上述的先天性心脏病患儿平时最常见的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎", "B": "喉返神经麻痹", "C": "心律失常", "D": "脑栓塞"}, "answer": "肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肝素的主要功能(  )。", "options": {"A": "与抗凝蛋白结合增强其抗凝活性", "B": "促进纤维蛋白溶解", "C": "削弱FⅩa对凝血酶原的激活作用", "D": "与FⅩa和凝血酶结合使其灭活而起抗凝作用"}, "answer": "与抗凝蛋白结合增强其抗凝活性", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在卫生资源分配上,形式公正是根据每个人(  )。", "options": {"A": "都享有公平分配的权利", "B": "实际的需要", "C": "社会贡献的多少", "D": "在家庭中的角色地位"}, "answer": "都享有公平分配的权利", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性病毒性肝炎(普通型)的病变特点是肝细胞(  )。", "options": {"A": "广泛坏死,变性轻微", "B": "广泛变性,坏死轻微", "C": "广泛坏死,再生较轻", "D": "变性、坏死、再生均广泛"}, "answer": "广泛变性,坏死轻微", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "确切地说,下列哪项不是正确处理医务人员之间关系的意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "有利于社会进步", "B": "有利于建立和谐的医患关系", "C": "有利于医院集体力量的发挥", "D": "有利于医学事业发展"}, "answer": "有利于社会进步", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,60岁,冠心病患者。稍活动后即可有心悸、气短,根据其临床表现可诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "心功能Ⅱ级", "B": "心功能Ⅲ级", "C": "心功能Ⅳ级", "D": "心功能Ⅰ级伴老年性肺水肿"}, "answer": "心功能Ⅲ级", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4岁,女孩,咳嗽、呼吸困难2天入院。查体:口唇微绀,心率130次/分,胸骨左缘第3、4肋间闻及Ⅲ级粗糙收缩期杂音,肺动脉第二音稍强,两肺闻及细小水泡音。该患儿诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "室间隔缺损并发肺炎", "B": "动脉导管未闭并发肺炎", "C": "房间隔缺损并发肺炎", "D": "房缺伴肺炎、心衰"}, "answer": "室间隔缺损并发肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "侵蚀性葡萄胎与葡萄胎病理的主要区别点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "绒毛细胞滋养层细胞", "B": "绒毛合体滋养层细胞增生", "C": "子宫深肌层见水疱状绒毛", "D": "绒毛水肿呈水疱状"}, "answer": "子宫深肌层见水疱状绒毛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,52岁。2年来每于剧烈运动时发作剑突下疼痛,向咽部放射,持续数分钟可自行缓解。2周来发作频繁且有夜间睡眠中发作。2小时前出现剑突下剧烈疼痛,向胸部放射,伴憋闷、大汗,症状持续不缓解,急诊入院。既往有高血压病史10年,糖尿病病史5年,有吸烟史。查体:T 36.2℃,BP 160/80mmHg,急性病容,口唇无紫绀,双肺呼吸音清,心率103次/分,律不齐,早搏15次/分,A2>P2,腹软,无压痛。1.按诊时首先需考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化性溃疡", "B": "急性胰腺炎", "C": "急性心肌梗死", "D": "急性胆囊炎"}, "answer": "急性心肌梗死", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "用于治疗再生障碍性贫血的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖皮质激素", "B": "雄激素", "C": "右旋糖酐铁注射", "D": "输血"}, "answer": "雄激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一位20多岁女青年因情绪低落,兴趣减退,失眠,对未来失去希望,来心理门诊就医1.如果给她做临床心理症状评估。首先考虑的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "MMPI", "B": "SAS", "C": "H.R.神经心理成套测验", "D": "HAMD"}, "answer": "HAMD", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "病变区和正常皮肤界限清楚的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "痈", "B": "丹毒", "C": "急性蜂窝织炎", "D": "淋巴管炎"}, "answer": "丹毒", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,25岁。右膝关节和左足跟肿痛4周,曾有下半夜腰痛病史4年。查体:右膝肿胀压痛,浮髌征阳性,左侧4字征阳性,左侧骶髂关节压痛,左侧足跟肿胀压痛。2.化验回报:类风湿因子和抗CCP抗体阴性,HLA-B27阳性,右膝关节X片正常,骶髂关节X片显示双侧髂骨边缘虫蚀样破坏,可采取的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "碳酸氢钠+苯溴马龙", "B": "柳氮磺吡啶+关节内注射倍他米松", "C": "氨基葡萄糖+双醋瑞因", "D": "青霉素+阿奇霉素"}, "answer": "柳氮磺吡啶+关节内注射倍他米松", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "属于盆腔炎疾病诊断特异性标准(2010年美国CDC诊断标准)的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "实验室证实的宫颈淋病奈瑟菌或衣原体阳性", "B": "宫颈或阴道异常黏液、脓性分泌物", "C": "阴道分泌物生理盐水涂片见大量白细胞", "D": "经阴道超声或磁共振检查显示输卵管增粗,输卵管积液"}, "answer": "经阴道超声或磁共振检查显示输卵管增粗,输卵管积液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "脊髓前角α运动神经元传出冲动增加使(  )。", "options": {"A": "腱器官传人冲动减少", "B": "梭外肌收缩", "C": "肌梭传人冲动增加", "D": "梭内肌与梭外肌都收缩"}, "answer": "梭外肌收缩", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "雄激素治疗再障的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "提高机体抵抗力,减少Ts细胞数量", "B": "改变骨髓微环境", "C": "直接刺激骨髓干细胞增加,提高内源性EPO生成", "D": "稳定内皮细胞,减少出血"}, "answer": "直接刺激骨髓干细胞增加,提高内源性EPO生成", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在下列氨基酸中酸性氨基酸是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脯氨酸", "B": "半胱氨酸", "C": "色氨酸", "D": "谷氨酸"}, "answer": "谷氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,男,18个月。出生时接种过卡介苗,此次因肺炎入院。作PPD,72小时后硬结直径20mm,红晕直径30mm,持续7天后仍留有色素,其最大可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "活动性结核病", "B": "局部注射后感染", "C": "接种卡介苗后反应", "D": "其他分枝杆菌交叉感染"}, "answer": "活动性结核病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "青霉素G水溶液不稳定,久置可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "药效下降", "B": "诱发过敏反应", "C": "A+B", "D": "A+C"}, "answer": "A+C", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项为锥体束损害的反射改变?(  )", "options": {"A": "深浅反射均亢进", "B": "深反射亢进,浅反射减弱或消失", "C": "深反射亢进,浅反射正常", "D": "深反射减弱或消失,浅反射正常"}, "answer": "深反射亢进,浅反射减弱或消失", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不符合医德良心的说法的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医德良心是一种强烈的道德责任感", "B": "医德良心是对道德责任的自觉认识", "C": "医德良心是对道德情感的深化", "D": "医德良心因其不可见而很难确定其对行为的作用"}, "answer": "医德良心因其不可见而很难确定其对行为的作用", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性肾炎肾功能减退进展速度主要取决于(  )。", "options": {"A": "血压升高值", "B": "上呼吸道感染次数", "C": "贫血程度", "D": "肾组织病理类型"}, "answer": "肾组织病理类型", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "HLA复合物的遗传特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单元型遗传", "B": "连锁不平衡", "C": "高度多态性", "D": "以上都对"}, "answer": "以上都对", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,58岁,渐发性双上肢震颤、活动不利半年。既往体健,无慢性疾病史。头颅MRl无异常发现。查体:面部表情呆滞,四肢肌张力增高,齿轮样,双上肢向前平伸时可见4或5次/分钟震颤,双手指鼻试验正常。2.最可能的发病机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纹状体内γ-氨基丁酸含量增加", "B": "纹状体内多巴胺受体功能增强", "C": "纹状体内多巴胺含量减少", "D": "纹状体内乙酰胆碱含量增加"}, "answer": "纹状体内多巴胺含量减少", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不属于阵发性室上性心动过速临床特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "突发突止", "B": "心率>150次/分", "C": "心律绝对规则", "D": "第一心音强弱不等"}, "answer": "第一心音强弱不等", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5.持续短暂,突然产生,突然消失的一个或多个妄想且间歇期正常为(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "器质性精神障碍", "C": "偏执性精神病", "D": "妄想阵发"}, "answer": "妄想阵发", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,33岁。活动时气短、心前区疼痛1年。查体:BP 146/80mmHg,双肺呼吸音清,心率78次/分,律齐,胸骨左缘第3、4肋间可闻及3/6级收缩期喷射性杂音。超声心动图示舒张期间室间隔与左室后壁厚度之比>1.5。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压性心脏损害", "B": "病毒性心肌炎", "C": "肥厚型心肌病", "D": "扩张型心肌病"}, "answer": "肥厚型心肌病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "右眼闭合不全与右侧鼻唇沟浅,被损害的脑神经是(  )。", "options": {"A": "三叉神经周围支", "B": "动眼神经", "C": "面神经周围支", "D": "面神经核上性损害"}, "answer": "面神经周围支", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肾病综合征最重要的诊断依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "24小时尿蛋白>3.5g,血浆白蛋白<30g/L", "B": "血浆白蛋白<30g/L,血胆固醇及甘油三酯升高", "C": "24小时尿蛋白>3.5g,血胆固醇及甘油三酯升高", "D": "血胆固醇及甘油三酯升高,双下肢凹陷性浮肿"}, "answer": "24小时尿蛋白>3.5g,血浆白蛋白<30g/L", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于酶原激活的概念,正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "酶原转变为酶是可逆反应过程", "B": "无活性酶原转变为有活性酶", "C": "酶原激活无重要生理意义", "D": "酶原激活是酶原蛋白质变性"}, "answer": "无活性酶原转变为有活性酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.属于急性风湿热风湿活动的证据(  )。", "options": {"A": "瓣膜病", "B": "皮下结节", "C": "抗“O”>500U", "D": "血沉增快、CRP阳性"}, "answer": "血沉增快、CRP阳性", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.表示精神状态是否正常(  )。", "options": {"A": "P量表", "B": "E量表", "C": "N量表", "D": "L量表"}, "answer": "P量表", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是B细胞表面最重要的标志?(  )", "options": {"A": "SmIg", "B": "CD40", "C": "CD5", "D": "CD80"}, "answer": "SmIg", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.黄体萎缩不全与哪项有关?(  )", "options": {"A": "子宫内膜分泌不良", "B": "子宫内膜部分分泌、部分增生期变化", "C": "子宫内膜腺囊型增生过长", "D": "子宫内膜腺瘤型增生过长"}, "answer": "子宫内膜部分分泌、部分增生期变化", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,30岁,约一年时间孤僻、寡言,近期由于被上级批评后出现失眠,不上班并紧闭门窗,声称有人监视自己,在家中不敢谈话,说家中已被安装窃听器,公安局也要逮捕自己,不吃妻子做的饭食,认为妻子已同A他人合伙在饭菜中放了毒药。因此殴打妻子。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症偏执型", "B": "抑郁症", "C": "反应性精神病", "D": "躁狂症"}, "answer": "精神分裂症偏执型", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "根据沙赫特有关情绪研究的观点,对个体情绪的性质和程度起决定性作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心理应对方式", "B": "认知的方式", "C": "社会支持程度", "D": "智力的水平"}, "answer": "认知的方式", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在噬菌体的增殖过程中,子代噬菌体的蛋白质外壳是(  )。", "options": {"A": "在细菌DNA的指导下,用细菌的物质合成的", "B": "在噬菌体DNA的指导下,用噬菌体的物质合成的", "C": "在噬菌体DNA的指导下,用细菌的物质合成的", "D": "以上都不对"}, "answer": "在噬菌体DNA的指导下,用细菌的物质合成的", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性心脏压塞的典型体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉压下降,颈静脉怒张和心音低钝", "B": "动脉压下降,奇脉和心音低钝", "C": "动脉压上升,奇脉和心音低钝", "D": "奇脉、颈静脉怒张和双下肢水肿"}, "answer": "动脉压下降,颈静脉怒张和心音低钝", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "具有抗原呈递功能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "辅助性T细胞", "B": "抑制性T细胞", "C": "B细胞", "D": "NK细胞"}, "answer": "B细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于同工酶的叙述哪项是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "各同工酶Km相同", "B": "催化化学反应相同", "C": "酶分子的一级结构相同", "D": "同工酶的生物学功能可有差异"}, "answer": "催化化学反应相同", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,32岁。深Ⅱ度烧伤面积10%,Ⅲ度烧伤面积30%,伤后注射止痛针后转院治疗,途中1h。入院体检:血压70/40mmHg(9.33/5.33kPa),脉搏130次/min。1.发生的休克是(  )。", "options": {"A": "过敏性", "B": "心源性", "C": "低血容量性", "D": "感染性"}, "answer": "低血容量性", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.高剂量TD抗原(  )。", "options": {"A": "引起T细胞免疫耐受", "B": "不引起免疫耐受", "C": "引起T、B细胞免疫耐受", "D": "引起免疫抑制"}, "answer": "引起T、B细胞免疫耐受", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于心肌梗死,择期手术的适合时机是(  )。", "options": {"A": "3~4个月,无心绞痛发作", "B": "4~5个月,无心绞痛发作", "C": "5~6个月,无心绞痛发作", "D": "6个月以上,无心绞痛发作"}, "answer": "6个月以上,无心绞痛发作", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "青霉素抗菌作用的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "干扰菌细胞壁的合成", "B": "破坏菌细胞膜通透性", "C": "干扰菌细胞蛋白质的合成", "D": "干扰细菌细胞器的合成"}, "answer": "干扰菌细胞壁的合成", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下面关于新医学模式的理解,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新医学模式从生物、心理、社会相结合上认识疾病和健康", "B": "新医学模式标志着人们对健康和疾病的认识达到了顶峰", "C": "新医学模式关注的健康是一种在身体、精神和社会方面的完满状态", "D": "新医学模式从生物、心理、社会诸方面开展医疗卫生保健活动"}, "answer": "新医学模式标志着人们对健康和疾病的认识达到了顶峰", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.结核病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "化脓性炎", "B": "出血性炎", "C": "肉芽肿性炎", "D": "浆液性炎"}, "answer": "肉芽肿性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于下丘脑与垂体间功能联系的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "下丘脑通过下丘脑-垂体束与神经垂体发生功能联系", "B": "下丘脑促垂体区的神经细胞分泌9种调节肽", "C": "神经垂体释放的激素是在下丘脑视上核和室旁核合成的", "D": "下丘脑不受腺垂体的反馈调节"}, "answer": "下丘脑不受腺垂体的反馈调节", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "可能发展为慢性支气管炎急性发作的局部主要致病菌的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "奈瑟球菌", "B": "甲型链球菌", "C": "流感嗜血杆菌", "D": "草绿色链球菌"}, "answer": "流感嗜血杆菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是肿瘤性增生与炎症性增生的区别?(  )", "options": {"A": "增生组织分化不成熟", "B": "纤维组织增生", "C": "器官的实质细胞增生", "D": "炎症细胞浸润"}, "answer": "增生组织分化不成熟", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于细菌外毒素的下列描述,不正确的(  )。", "options": {"A": "G+菌和少数G-菌均可产生外毒素", "B": "毒性强,引起机体特异性病变和特殊临床表现", "C": "性质稳定,耐热,不易被酸及消化酶破坏", "D": "抗原性强,可刺激机体产生抗毒素,经甲醛处理可脱毒为类毒素,用于预防接种"}, "answer": "性质稳定,耐热,不易被酸及消化酶破坏", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.产牛IL-2(  )。", "options": {"A": "Thl", "B": "Th2", "C": "TC", "D": "NK"}, "answer": "Thl", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "提示胸腔手术后内出血的指征是引流管中每小时引流出血液量持续超过(  )。", "options": {"A": "100ml", "B": "150ml", "C": "200ml", "D": "250ml"}, "answer": "100ml", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男孩,5岁。自幼唇、指(趾)甲床青紫,乏力,活动后气促,体格发育落后,胸骨左缘第2~3肋间可闻及Ⅲ级收缩期杂音,经超声心动图证实为先天性心脏病,法洛四联症。1.此患儿其心脏由哪4种畸形组成?(  )", "options": {"A": "主动脉狭窄,室间隔缺损,肺动脉骑跨,右心室肥厚", "B": "肺动脉狭窄,室间隔缺损,主动脉骑跨,右心室肥厚", "C": "肺动脉狭窄,房间隔缺损,肺动脉骑跨,左心室肥厚", "D": "肺动脉瓣狭窄,房间隔缺损,主动脉骑跨,右心室肥厚"}, "answer": "肺动脉狭窄,室间隔缺损,主动脉骑跨,右心室肥厚", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一女孩发育正常,会坐、会爬,不能站立、行走,能发出“爸爸”等复音字。2.该小儿体重应该达到(  )。", "options": {"A": "6kg", "B": "8kg", "C": "9kg", "D": "10kg"}, "answer": "8kg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于提高遵医率的方法不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "及时纠正病人的不良行为", "B": "建立融洽的医患关系", "C": "纠正病人对检查及防治措施的错误认识", "D": "采用必要的心理行为干预措施"}, "answer": "及时纠正病人的不良行为", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项为霍乱的古典生物型和E1-Tor生物型细菌的鉴别方法?(  )", "options": {"A": "涂片染色", "B": "悬滴镜检", "C": "羊血细胞溶血试验", "D": "霍乱红试验"}, "answer": "羊血细胞溶血试验", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对肠结核最有诊断价值的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结肠镜检查示回盲部炎症", "B": "结肠镜下活检找到干酪性上皮样肉芽肿", "C": "结核菌素试验强阳性", "D": "粪便中查到结核杆菌"}, "answer": "结肠镜下活检找到干酪性上皮样肉芽肿", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.人体实验道德原则中最重要、最基本的原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "受试者知情同意", "B": "维护受试者利益", "C": "试验者多数赞成", "D": "严谨的科学态度"}, "answer": "维护受试者利益", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.干细胞分化为T、B细胞发生障碍引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "性联无丙种球蛋白血症", "B": "联合免疫缺陷症", "C": "DiGeorge综合征", "D": "常见多变型免疫缺陷病"}, "answer": "联合免疫缺陷症", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一小儿体重20kg,身长110cm,身长之中点位于脐与耻骨联合之间,腕部骨化中心出现7个,已出现第一磨牙,没开始换牙。1.最可能的年龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "3岁", "B": "5岁", "C": "6岁", "D": "7岁"}, "answer": "6岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "引起成年人肾病综合征的最常见肾炎是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膜性肾炎", "B": "局灶性节段性肾小球硬化", "C": "链球菌感染后肾炎", "D": "硬化性肾炎"}, "answer": "膜性肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于病人来说,下列哪项是最重要、最优先的需要?(  )", "options": {"A": "爱与归属的需要", "B": "生理需要", "C": "安全的需要", "D": "获得诊疗信息的需要"}, "answer": "安全的需要", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有关乳癌描述中,下列哪项欠妥?(  )", "options": {"A": "乳癌多发部位是乳房的外上象限,因为此处乳腺组织占大部分", "B": "右乳房下半部的癌转移到肝的机会可能较多", "C": "皮内及皮下淋巴管被癌细胞阻塞,则产生橘皮样变", "D": "乳癌是外科常见的癌症,彻底根治手术,就可以治愈"}, "answer": "乳癌是外科常见的癌症,彻底根治手术,就可以治愈", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "能在体内分解产生β氨基酸的核苷酸是(  )。", "options": {"A": "GMP", "B": "IMP", "C": "UMP", "D": "ATP"}, "answer": "UMP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对医德评价的意义理解有误的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "表明评价者个人的喜好", "B": "有助于将外在医德规范内化为医务人员的信念", "C": "形成健康的医德氛围", "D": "有助于指导医务人员选择高尚的医德行为"}, "answer": "表明评价者个人的喜好", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.介导主要组织相容复合体(MHC)非限制杀伤的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CTL细胞", "B": "B细胞", "C": "NK细胞", "D": "肥大细胞"}, "answer": "NK细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "5.金黄色葡萄球菌脑膜炎抗生素治疗的疗程应该是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小于5天", "B": "7天", "C": "14~21天", "D": "大于21天"}, "answer": "大于21天", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "目前诊断精神分裂症主要依靠的手段是(  )。", "options": {"A": "临床观察", "B": "心理学测验", "C": "遗传学检查", "D": "脑影像学检查"}, "answer": "临床观察", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "十二指肠球部前壁溃疡最常发生的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "穿孔", "B": "幽门梗阻", "C": "胰腺炎", "D": "出血"}, "answer": "穿孔", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,50岁。急性心肌梗死患者。突然出现胸闷、气喘、大汗淋漓,两肺满布干、湿啰音,第一心音低钝。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性左心衰", "B": "急性心包炎", "C": "急性动脉栓塞", "D": "主动脉夹层"}, "answer": "急性左心衰", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,52岁,因呼吸困难和水肿入院。查体发现颈静脉怒张,肝在右肋缘下4cm,表面光滑,轻度压痛,双下肢压陷性水肿。1.检查心脏时可能发现(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏形态呈靴形", "B": "心尖部可听到舒张期杂音", "C": "主动脉瓣区可听到粗糙的收缩期杂音", "D": "主动脉瓣第二听诊区可听到叹气样舒张期杂音"}, "answer": "心尖部可听到舒张期杂音", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "造成假性延髓麻痹的病灶在(  )。", "options": {"A": "延髓诸核", "B": "皮质延髓束", "C": "小脑", "D": "脑神经"}, "answer": "皮质延髓束", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "应用皮质激素治疗感染性休克时,其使用量为常规用量的(  )。", "options": {"A": "1/4", "B": "2倍", "C": "5倍", "D": "10~20倍"}, "answer": "10~20倍", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.类风湿关节炎的关节表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主要累及负重关节,多见于50岁以上", "B": "累及脊柱、周围关节、关节周围组织的慢性炎症", "C": "对称性双腕、掌指、近端指关节肿", "D": "对称性指间关节、腕、足部、膝、踝等关节痛或关节炎,不伴畸形"}, "answer": "对称性双腕、掌指、近端指关节肿", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,35岁。婚后3年未孕,以往月经规则。现停经50天,有早孕反应。近5天来阴道少量流血,下腹隐痛。妇科检查:阴道少量血迹,宫口闭,子宫中位,正常大小,右附件有一肿块(3cm×4cm×3cm大小)、有触痛。左附件阴性。下列哪一项处理是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "尿hCG试验", "B": "基础体温测定", "C": "腹腔镜检查", "D": "诊断性刮宫术"}, "answer": "基础体温测定", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.可以代表兴奋的电位变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动作电位", "B": "局部电位", "C": "静息电位", "D": "突触后电位"}, "answer": "动作电位", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "乳牙出齐的最晚年龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1岁", "B": "1.5岁", "C": "2岁", "D": "2.5岁"}, "answer": "2.5岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,40岁,股骨下端疼痛,膝关节活动轻微受限。查体:股骨下端偏外侧局限性隆起,压痛,皮温略高。X线片:股骨外侧髁可见偏心性生长的骨吸收病灶,皮质向外膨隆、变薄,无骨膜反应。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "嗜酸性肉芽肿", "B": "骨巨细胞瘤", "C": "骨纤维异样增殖症", "D": "骨囊肿"}, "answer": "骨巨细胞瘤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "甲亢时最具有诊断意义的体征为(  )。", "options": {"A": "弥漫性甲状腺肿伴血管杂音", "B": "心率加快,第一心音亢进", "C": "脉压差大", "D": "心脏增大"}, "answer": "弥漫性甲状腺肿伴血管杂音", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在高干病房,一些医护人员称呼病人总是用“赵书记”、“钱局长”等,语调适中,而到了一般病房,称呼就换成了“3床”、“做肠透视的”等,话语十分生硬。从深层次上说,此类现象的本质和解决措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "语言不文明,应加强培训", "B": "尊重意识差,应加强教育", "C": "公正意识差,应加强教育", "D": "服务意识差,应加强教育"}, "answer": "公正意识差,应加强教育", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.骨骼肌兴奋一收缩偶联,肌细胞兴奋时释放到肌浆中的Ca2+通过什么机制回收到肌质网终末池?(  )", "options": {"A": "脂质双分子层", "B": "通道蛋白", "C": "钠泵", "D": "钙泵"}, "answer": "钙泵", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,42岁,乏力、怕冷、便秘伴声音嘶哑1年,体重增加8kg,经检查诊断为甲状腺功能减退症,拟行左甲状腺素替代治疗,最适宜的起始剂量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "125ug/d", "B": "75ug/d", "C": "50ug/d", "D": "25ug/d"}, "answer": "25ug/d", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,8岁,枕部着地,昏迷5分钟后清醒,并自己回到家中,其后出现头痛并呈逐渐加重伴呕吐,1小时后不省人事,急送医院。查体:BP 130/90mmHg,P 65次/分,R 15次/分。浅昏迷,右枕部头皮挫伤,左侧瞳孔4mm,对光反应消失;右侧瞳孔2.5mm,对光反应存在。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑梗死", "B": "蛛网膜下腔出血", "C": "颅内血肿脑疝", "D": "脑挫伤"}, "answer": "颅内血肿脑疝", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "α-溶血性链球菌可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "心内膜炎", "B": "大叶性肺炎", "C": "脑膜炎", "D": "扁桃体炎"}, "answer": "心内膜炎", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,75岁。反复咳嗽、咳痰、喘憋40余年,加重伴发热3天。查体:R 24次/分。BP 145/85mmHg,心率128次/分,昏睡,颈静脉怒张,双肺散在哮鸣音,双下肺可闻及湿性啰音,双下肢轻度凹陷性水肿。该患者目前应首先进行的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝肾功能+电解质", "B": "动脉血气分析", "C": "UCG", "D": "头颅CT"}, "answer": "动脉血气分析", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "锁骨骨折常用的治疗方法,是(  )。", "options": {"A": "切开复位,内固定", "B": "手法复位,横8字绷带固定", "C": "手法复位,夹板固定", "D": "手法复位,石膏外固定"}, "answer": "手法复位,横8字绷带固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,31岁,不规则发热,咳嗽半年,间断腹泻,大便无脓血,病后体重由71kg降到70kg,3年前曾到非洲工作,1年前回国,诊断该病的实验检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "检测抗HIV", "B": "取血分离HIV", "C": "胸部X线片", "D": "查血疟原虫"}, "answer": "检测抗HIV", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.肉毒杆菌产生(  )。", "options": {"A": "痉挛毒素", "B": "表皮剥脱毒素", "C": "毒素休克综合征毒素", "D": "肉毒毒素"}, "answer": "肉毒毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.体内细胞的生理死亡属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "凝固性坏死", "B": "固缩坏死", "C": "坏疽", "D": "液化性坏死"}, "answer": "固缩坏死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪一项表现不符合急性溶血表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "急性贫血伴黄疸", "B": "寒战、高热、腰痛", "C": "棕红色乃至酱油色尿", "D": "肺水肿"}, "answer": "肺水肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "目前颅内动脉瘤主要的确诊检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰椎穿刺示血性脑脊液", "B": "头颅CT", "C": "头痛反复发作史", "D": "脑血管造影"}, "answer": "脑血管造影", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "人体实验道德的首要原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医学目的原则", "B": "信息公开原则", "C": "知情同意原则", "D": "维护受试者利益原则"}, "answer": "维护受试者利益原则", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "血红素合成障碍所致的贫血是(  )。", "options": {"A": "再生障碍性贫血", "B": "缺铁性贫血", "C": "巨幼细胞性贫血", "D": "海洋性贫血"}, "answer": "缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,35岁,6年前分娩时失血过多伴晕厥,产后无乳汁,闭经2~3年伴怕冷、乏力,体位性头晕,餐前经常手抖、心悸、饥饿感。查体:消瘦,嗓音低哑,毛发稀疏,双乳房萎缩,血压80/50mmHg。血糖4.0mmol/L(正常3.68~6.12mmol/L),血皮质醇、雌二醇均低,FSH、LH基础值不低,B超示子宫体积小。3.为纠正病人腺体功能低减,下列哪一种治疗最为理想?(  )", "options": {"A": "靶腺激素替代", "B": "应用促激素释放激素", "C": "用促激素刺激靶腺", "D": "补充靶腺激素所调节的物质"}, "answer": "靶腺激素替代", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.能产生溶原状态的噬菌体称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "温和噬菌体", "B": "毒性噬菌体", "C": "前噬菌体", "D": "L型细菌"}, "answer": "温和噬菌体", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "属于不稳定性骨折的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "嵌插骨折", "B": "横骨折", "C": "裂缝骨折", "D": "斜骨折"}, "answer": "斜骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列化验检查提示弥散性血管内凝血纤维蛋白溶解亢进的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血小板减少", "B": "纤维蛋白原增多", "C": "纤维蛋白降解产物增多", "D": "纤维蛋白降解产物减少"}, "answer": "纤维蛋白降解产物增多", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "反式作用因子指(  )。", "options": {"A": "DNA的某段序列", "B": "mRNA的表达产物", "C": "作用于转录调控的蛋白质因子", "D": "组蛋白及非组蛋白"}, "answer": "作用于转录调控的蛋白质因子", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,28岁。咳嗽、流涕2周,心悸2天,无发热及胸痛。既往体健。查体:BP 100/60mmHg,心界不大,心率108次/分,可闻及早搏4次/分,心尖部可闻及2/5级收缩期杂音,柔和,未闻及心包摩擦音。实验室检查:血肌钙蛋白I升高。心电图示房性期前收缩。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒性心肌炎", "B": "扩张型心肌病", "C": "感染性心内膜炎", "D": "风湿性心脏瓣膜病"}, "answer": "病毒性心肌炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,48岁,发热伴对称性多关节肿痛,晨僵3个月,查ANA低滴度阳性,RF(+)和IgG补体升高,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多肌炎", "B": "系统性红斑狼疮", "C": "类风湿关节炎", "D": "混合性结缔组织病"}, "answer": "类风湿关节炎", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "主要由自身反应性T细胞介导的自身免疫病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺出血肾炎综合征", "B": "桥本甲状腺炎", "C": "重症肌无力", "D": "胰岛素依赖性糖尿病"}, "answer": "胰岛素依赖性糖尿病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于脑电图的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是中枢神经系统各部位的综合电变化图", "B": "是皮质的自发电位变化图", "C": "正常成人安静、清醒、闭目时多为β波", "D": "通常脑电图是直接在皮层表面引导的电位变化"}, "answer": "是皮质的自发电位变化图", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.6岁小儿轻度贫血的诊断指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HB>120g/L", "B": "HB<90g/L", "C": "HB<60g/L", "D": "HB<30g/L"}, "answer": "HB<90g/L", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,45岁,有心肌缺血病史,经治疗后几年来一直健康。近日突然出现心慌、气短,数分钟后能自然缓解,每日可发作数次,发作时常伴有心绞痛的症状。经心电图检查示阵发性室上性心动过速。此时最好选用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硝苯地平", "B": "普鲁卡因胺", "C": "维拉帕米", "D": "普罗帕酮"}, "answer": "维拉帕米", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,50岁,头部棍击伤,无昏迷史及意识障碍,无颅骨骨折,1个月后出现颅内高压症状,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性硬膜外血肿", "B": "多发颅内血肿", "C": "慢性硬膜下血肿", "D": "脑震荡后遗症"}, "answer": "慢性硬膜下血肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者有风湿病病史,检查:心前区可闻及舒张期及收缩期杂音,左心室、左心房扩大,双肺闻及湿啰音,可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性风湿性心脏病", "B": "慢性风湿性心脏病,二尖瓣狭窄", "C": "慢性风湿性心脏病,二尖瓣狭窄及关闭不全伴左心功能不全", "D": "慢性风湿性心脏病,主动脉瓣狭窄及关闭不全,伴左心功能不全"}, "answer": "慢性风湿性心脏病,二尖瓣狭窄及关闭不全伴左心功能不全", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,9个月,呕吐、腹泻伴体温升高(38度)1天,腹泻12次/天,水样便,1天前误饮不洁水。查体:皮肤弹性差,精神萎靡,眼眶及前囟凹陷,体重下降6%,中毒症状明显。实验室检查:外周血白细1.该患儿最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌性痢疾", "B": "肠伤寒", "C": "病毒性肠炎", "D": "生理性腹泻"}, "answer": "病毒性肠炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.医师隐匿、伪造或者擅自销毁医学文书且情节严重的,应给予的行政处罚是(  )。", "options": {"A": "罚款", "B": "责令改正", "C": "通报批评", "D": "吊销执业证书"}, "answer": "吊销执业证书", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,55岁,双下肢无力半年,右侧明显,近2个月行走不稳,右手不能扣纽扣,无外伤史,无发热。查体:颈背部无明显压痛,两上肢前臂、手及上臂尺侧皮肤感觉减退,右侧尤其明显,四肢肌张力增高,肱二头肌反射亢进,双侧膝踝反射亢进,右髌阵挛阳性,右巴宾斯基征阳性。5.致病因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒感染", "B": "退行性改变", "C": "变态反应", "D": "高血压"}, "answer": "退行性改变", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.异烟肼(  )。", "options": {"A": "可引起外周神经炎", "B": "可引起视神经炎", "C": "对动物有致畸形作用", "D": "可引起耳鸣、耳聋"}, "answer": "可引起外周神经炎", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于卵巢肿瘤,以下哪项正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "上皮性肿瘤很少为恶性", "B": "生殖细胞肿瘤占多数", "C": "颗粒细胞瘤为功能性卵巢瘤", "D": "卵巢转移性肿瘤均来自胃肠道"}, "answer": "颗粒细胞瘤为功能性卵巢瘤", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.医生采取“多头堵”“大包围”的方式开具大处方,违背的伦理学要求是(  )。", "options": {"A": "严守法规", "B": "公正分配", "C": "加强协作", "D": "合理配伍"}, "answer": "合理配伍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对医学伦理学的学科性质,概括最为准确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "交叉科学", "B": "实践科学", "C": "理论科学", "D": "伦理科学"}, "answer": "交叉科学", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于动脉粥样硬化叙述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主要累及小动脉", "B": "HDL促进其形成", "C": "女性比男性多发", "D": "多合并有高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病"}, "answer": "多合并有高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "能初步完成循环、呼吸等基本生命现象的反射调节部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓", "B": "延髓", "C": "中脑", "D": "丘脑"}, "answer": "延髓", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,24岁。阵发性心悸3年,突发突止,每次持续0.5~3小时不等,无头晕和黑矇。发作时查体:BP 120/70mmHg,心率140次/分,律齐。2.该患者心悸发作时,下列可首选的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服β受体拮抗剂", "B": "静脉注射西地兰", "C": "静脉注射腺苷", "D": "口服地高辛"}, "answer": "静脉注射腺苷", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "6个月男孩,患支气管肺炎,用多种抗生素治疗20天,体温下降,病情好转。近2天再次发热,呕吐,腹泻,大便4~5次/日,呈暗绿色水样便,有黏液,味腥臭,镜检见大量白细胞,脓球及革兰阳性球菌,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "霉菌性肠炎", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌性肠炎", "C": "侵袭性大肠杆菌性肠炎", "D": "细菌性痢疾"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌性肠炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "艾滋病的传染源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蚊", "B": "猪", "C": "鼠", "D": "人"}, "answer": "人", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "尊重病人自主性或决定,在病人坚持己见时,可能要求医生(  )。", "options": {"A": "听命于患者", "B": "放弃自己的责任", "C": "必要时限制病人自主性", "D": "不伤害患者"}, "answer": "必要时限制病人自主性", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女孩,5岁。精神欠佳半个月,发热、头痛、呕吐10天。半个月前开始出现精神不佳,10天来每天发热,最高体温38.1℃,进食减少,伴头痛,呕吐。2个月前曾患“麻疹”。查体:精神差,消瘦,右眼外展受限,颈抵抗(+),Kerning征(+),Brudzinski征(+)。PPD试验(-)。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "化脓性脑膜炎", "B": "结核性脑膜炎", "C": "隐球菌性脑膜炎", "D": "病毒性脑炎"}, "answer": "结核性脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "朊病毒的主要组成成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多糖", "B": "蛋白质", "C": "DNA", "D": "脂类"}, "answer": "蛋白质", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "白带呈脓性泡沫状,用酸性液体冲洗阴道可提高疗效的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "滴虫性阴道炎", "B": "萎缩性阴道炎", "C": "婴幼儿外阴阴道炎", "D": "淋球菌阴道炎"}, "answer": "滴虫性阴道炎", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "最有助于自身免疫性胃炎诊断的实验室检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃液中胃酸测定", "B": "血清胃蛋白酶原定量", "C": "血清抗壁细胞抗体检测", "D": "胃液中胃蛋白酶定量"}, "answer": "血清抗壁细胞抗体检测", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "30岁妇女,15岁月经初潮,月经周期规律,5/32日。结婚4年夫妻同居,有正常性生活,至今未怀孕。末次月经6月24日。3.若该患者有排卵。检查结果能反映体内已受孕激素影响的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阴道上皮表层细胞角化", "B": "宫颈黏液出现羊齿植物叶状结晶", "C": "子宫内膜腺上皮细胞出现核下空泡", "D": "子宫内膜呈增殖期图像"}, "answer": "子宫内膜腺上皮细胞出现核下空泡", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者左眼裂狭小,左瞳孔较右侧小,对光反射灵敏,左眼球内陷,面部泌汗功能正常,该病变为(  )。", "options": {"A": "Homer征", "B": "面肌痉挛", "C": "动眼神经不全麻痹", "D": "重症肌无力"}, "answer": "Homer征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "可以通过血胎屏障的抗体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgA", "B": "IgM", "C": "IgE", "D": "IgG"}, "answer": "IgG", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男孩,15个月,单纯母乳喂养,不愿进辅食,其母不吃肉类、鱼类食品,近1个月面色渐苍黄,目光呆滞,肝肋下2.5cm,脾未及,伸手时手有震颤,Hb 90g/L,RBC 2.05×1012/L。1.该患儿诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "混合性贫血", "B": "营养性缺铁性贫血", "C": "营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血", "D": "再生障碍性贫血"}, "answer": "营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,42岁,上腹疼痛8小时,伴发热,体温38.5℃,频繁呕吐。查体发现上腹部肌紧张、压痛,无移动性浊音。血白细胞15×109/L。X线检查:膈下未见游离气体。4.如果患者治疗期间出现上腹部包块,首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹膜转移癌", "B": "胰腺假性囊肿", "C": "胰腺癌", "D": "阑尾周围脓肿"}, "answer": "胰腺假性囊肿", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "枕骨大孔疝与小脑幕裂孔疝主要临床表现差别在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "剧烈头痛", "B": "烦躁不安", "C": "血压升高", "D": "早期发生呼吸骤停"}, "answer": "早期发生呼吸骤停", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "抗肿瘤主动免疫治疗方法是给患者输入(  )。", "options": {"A": "具有抗原性的疫苗", "B": "淋巴因子激活的杀伤细胞", "C": "单克隆抗体", "D": "肿瘤浸润的淋巴细胞"}, "answer": "具有抗原性的疫苗", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,11岁,因急性肾炎住院治疗1个月,现水肿消退,血压正常,血沉9mm,尿蛋白(±),尿红细胞2~4个/HP,出院后医嘱哪一项是合适的?(  )", "options": {"A": "休学静养", "B": "卧床休息2周", "C": "可做户外活动不能上学", "D": "可上学不能做剧烈活动"}, "answer": "可上学不能做剧烈活动", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,25岁,左膝外上方逐渐隆起包块伴酸痛半年,X线平片提示左股骨下端外侧有一病灶,边缘膨胀,中央有肥皂泡样改变,无明显的骨膜反应。3.下列准备采用的治疗方案中,哪一项不恰当?(  )", "options": {"A": "病段骨切除,胫骨翻转植骨膝关节融合", "B": "病灶刮除骨水泥填塞", "C": "病段骨切除,带血管骨移植", "D": "股骨中上1/3截肢,安装假肢"}, "answer": "股骨中上1/3截肢,安装假肢", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,43岁,近20年来每年发作一次鬼神附体,以大仙口气说话,要求父亲烧香拜佛,持续数小时后痊愈,一个半月前开始疲乏无力,不认家人,好忘事,小便尿在裤内,右侧轻偏瘫,右手拿不住东西,好跟别人说话。既往史:23岁时有冶游史。神经系统检查:两侧瞳孔不等大,右瞳孔边缘不整齐,左侧椭圆形,右侧瞳孔光反射消失。3.最有效的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯丙嗪", "B": "脑手术", "C": "心理治疗", "D": "梅毒治疗"}, "answer": "梅毒治疗", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,27岁,2天前骑摩托车摔伤枕部,仅出现右耳后乳突部皮下淤斑,应首先考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "耳后软组织伤", "B": "头皮血肿", "C": "颅后窝骨折", "D": "脑震荡"}, "answer": "颅后窝骨折", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,56岁。右乳头间断血性溢液1年,触及肿物6个月,无疼痛不适。查体:T 36.5℃,P 80次/分,BP 120/80mmHg,右腋窝可触及成团融合并固定的淋巴结。心肺腹查体未见异常。右乳头轻度内陷,按压乳晕周围可见右乳头单孔少量血性溢液,右乳乳晕深面可及5.5cm×4cm包块,质硬,边界不清,与胸壁粘连固定。2.下一步首选的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "术前化疗", "B": "右乳单纯乳房切除术", "C": "术前放疗", "D": "右乳腺癌改良根治术"}, "answer": "右乳腺癌改良根治术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "行颈胸部手术后,病人应采取的体位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "平卧位", "B": "侧卧位", "C": "高坡卧位", "D": "低半坐位"}, "answer": "高坡卧位", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,42岁,10年来畏寒、少汗、乏力、纳差、嗓音粗、月经不调、便秘、少言、少动、表情淡漠,近来出现面色苍白蜡黄,眼睑、颊部虚肿、呆钝、愚蠢,一过性幻视,该病人最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺功能低下所致精神障碍", "B": "肾上腺皮质功能减退所致精神障碍", "C": "甲状腺功能亢进所致精神障碍", "D": "精神分裂症"}, "answer": "甲状腺功能低下所致精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,48岁。腹痛,反酸10年。2周来症状加重,并出现夜间痛,进食能部分缓解。2.最有助于明确诊断的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃液分析", "B": "胃肠钡餐", "C": "胃镜", "D": "结肠镜"}, "answer": "胃镜", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "用于治疗再生障碍性贫血的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖皮质激素", "B": "切脾术", "C": "雄激素", "D": "右旋糖酐铁注射"}, "answer": "雄激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "腺病毒肺炎最易出现的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "张力性气胸", "B": "心力衰竭", "C": "肺脓肿", "D": "脓气胸,脓胸"}, "answer": "心力衰竭", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是临床确定患者存在急性心肌损害最有价值的指标?(  )", "options": {"A": "乳酸脱氢酶增高", "B": "肌钙蛋白T增高", "C": "磷酸激酶增高", "D": "心电图出现ST段水平下移"}, "answer": "肌钙蛋白T增高", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "裸露病毒体的结构中不含有(  )。", "options": {"A": "DNA", "B": "衣壳", "C": "核衣壳", "D": "包膜"}, "answer": "包膜", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列对受试者产生意外损伤的公平赔偿应遵循的原则错误的一项是(  )。", "options": {"A": "责任分明", "B": "结论准确", "C": "事实清楚", "D": "照顾患者(弱者)"}, "answer": "照顾患者(弱者)", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性心肌梗死左心功能不全伴频发多源室性早搏。用利多卡因无效,应选择下列哪种药物治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "普罗帕酮", "B": "胺碘酮", "C": "氨酰心安(阿替洛尔)", "D": "维拉帕米"}, "answer": "胺碘酮", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "神经-骨骼肌接头处的兴奋传递物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "去甲肾上腺素", "B": "乙酰胆碱", "C": "肾上腺素", "D": "多巴胺"}, "answer": "乙酰胆碱", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一般认为抗胆碱能药不适于治疗胃溃疡,主要因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "引起口干", "B": "引起胃窦部潴留", "C": "引起面部潮红", "D": "引起视力模糊"}, "answer": "引起胃窦部潴留", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于SLE关节病变,哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "呈多关节对称性损害", "B": "关节肿痛", "C": "关节软骨破坏,关节畸形", "D": "大关节很少受累"}, "answer": "关节软骨破坏,关节畸形", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于中心静脉插管,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "经常更换穿刺部位的敷料", "B": "如出现不明原因发热首先考虑拔除中心静脉插管", "C": "锁骨下静脉穿刺插管不可保留很长时间,应定期更换", "D": "避免用单腔中心静脉插管输注血液制品"}, "answer": "锁骨下静脉穿刺插管不可保留很长时间,应定期更换", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "能引起大量蛋白尿的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球毛细血管粘连", "B": "系膜增生", "C": "足细胞突起消失或融合", "D": "肾小球基底膜呈虫蚀状"}, "answer": "肾小球基底膜呈虫蚀状", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "发生右心衰时,引起组织水肿的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛细血管压力升高", "B": "血浆胶体渗透压降低", "C": "组织液静水压降低", "D": "毛细血管通透性增高"}, "answer": "毛细血管压力升高", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,18岁,未婚。月经规律,无停经史。突发下腹部疼痛伴恶心、呕吐8小时。查体:P 78次/分,BP 100/70mmHg,直肠-腹部诊:子宫前位,正常大小,右侧附件区触及一个6cm×5cm×5cm囊实性包块,边界清楚,触痛明显。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "输卵管妊娠破裂", "B": "急性阑尾炎", "C": "卵巢肿瘤蒂扭转", "D": "浆膜下子宫肌瘤"}, "answer": "卵巢肿瘤蒂扭转", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "细胞内液主要的阳离子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Na+", "B": "Ca2+", "C": "K+", "D": "Fe2+"}, "answer": "K+", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "24岁初孕妇,妊娠43周,自觉胎动减少已2日。血压110/70mmHg,枕左前位,无头盆不称征象。3.经上述检查证实胎盘功能减退,恰当的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静滴缩宫素使其经阴道分娩", "B": "左侧卧位,吸氧,等待自然分娩", "C": "行剖宫产术结束妊娠", "D": "刺激乳头诱发宫缩"}, "answer": "行剖宫产术结束妊娠", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "内脏疾病常引起体表某部位发生疼痛或痛觉过敏,称牵涉痛。其机制是因为患病内脏与发生牵涉痛的皮肤部位(  )。", "options": {"A": "位于躯体的同一纵切面上", "B": "位于躯体的同一冠状切面上", "C": "受同一脊髓节段的后根传入神经支配", "D": "受同一脊髓节段的前根神经支配"}, "answer": "受同一脊髓节段的后根传入神经支配", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.女,24岁。腹痛、腹泻、便秘交替2年。大便无脓血和黏液。近1年来消瘦、乏力、贫血。下午有时低热。首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小肠肿瘤", "B": "克罗恩病", "C": "溃疡性结肠炎", "D": "升结肠癌"}, "answer": "克罗恩病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是主要用于表面麻醉的药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "丁卡因", "B": "普鲁卡因", "C": "利多卡因", "D": "奎尼丁"}, "answer": "丁卡因", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,35岁,外伤后腰痛伴右下肢麻木1周。查体:腰部活动受限,右小腿外侧感觉减退,疑有腰椎间盘突出症,最有诊断价值的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线片", "B": "透视", "C": "CT", "D": "肌电图"}, "answer": "CT", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2岁患儿,4天前发热,流涕,咳嗽,结膜充血,畏光,今晨发现耳后及颈部有淡红色斑丘疹,体温39℃,两颊粘膜充血,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "风疹", "B": "幼儿急疹", "C": "肠道病毒感染", "D": "麻疹"}, "answer": "麻疹", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "伤寒患者传染性最强的时期是(  )。", "options": {"A": "潜伏期", "B": "潜伏期末到病程第l周末", "C": "起病后1~2周", "D": "起病后2~4周"}, "answer": "起病后2~4周", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项属于思维形式障碍?(  )", "options": {"A": "思维散漫", "B": "病理性赘述", "C": "思维中断", "D": "以上都对"}, "answer": "以上都对", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,59岁。进行性记忆力下降6个月,怀疑有人偷自己的东西,认为爱人对自己不忠诚,常与邻居发生争执,有时尾随年轻女性,行为幼稚,任性、家人无法管理而住院治疗,既往无脑血管病史,生命征及神经系统检查正常。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿尔茨海默病", "B": "精神分裂症", "C": "偏执性精神病", "D": "血管性痴呆"}, "answer": "阿尔茨海默病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肾病综合征的特征中最主要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量蛋白尿", "B": "低蛋白血症", "C": "高胆固醇血症", "D": "血沉明显增快"}, "answer": "大量蛋白尿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于干扰素的特性,哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "抗病毒有种属特异性", "B": "具有直接杀病毒作用", "C": "具有广谱抗病毒作用", "D": "属于非特异性免疫因素"}, "answer": "具有直接杀病毒作用", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性下壁心肌梗死最易合并(  )。", "options": {"A": "室性早搏", "B": "房室传导阻滞", "C": "心房颤动", "D": "右束支传导阻滞"}, "answer": "房室传导阻滞", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,26岁,牙龈出血伴月经过多1年,双下肢可见散在出血点及紫癜,肝脾不大,血红蛋白90g/L,白细胞5.5×109/L,分类正常,血小板25 ×109/L,尿常规正常。4.下述治疗,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "长春新碱1~2mg/次,每周1次连用4—6周", "B": "脾切除", "C": "血浆置换", "D": "骨髓移植"}, "answer": "骨髓移植", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "抗菌药物在外科疾病应用中,下列选项叙述不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗菌药物应用可减少术后并发症,增加手术安全性", "B": "严重创伤、大面积烧伤应预防性应用抗菌药物", "C": "严重感染者,在体温正常、全身情况和局部感染灶好转后3~4天即可停药,不需使用更长时间", "D": "肾功能中度减退者,首次给药后,每次应给正常剂量的1/2~1/5"}, "answer": "严重感染者,在体温正常、全身情况和局部感染灶好转后3~4天即可停药,不需使用更长时间", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "非浸润性突眼的突眼度一般最多(  )。", "options": {"A": "14mm", "B": "15mm", "C": "18mm", "D": "19mm"}, "answer": "18mm", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "治疗心室停搏的首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胺碘酮", "B": "多巴酚丁胺", "C": "肌苷", "D": "肾上腺素"}, "answer": "肾上腺素", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.中毒性菌痢属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "假膜性炎", "B": "卡他性炎", "C": "变质性炎", "D": "出血性炎"}, "answer": "卡他性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,25岁。妊娠35周。头晕、乏力、心悸2个月。既往体健。血常规:Hb 80g/L,MCV 108fl,MCH 35pg,MCHC 33%,WBC 3.6×109/L,PLT 95×109/L,网织红细胞0.02。为明确诊断,首先应进行的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿Rous试验", "B": "血清叶酸、维生素B12测定", "C": "血清铁、铁蛋白测定", "D": "粪隐血试验"}, "answer": "血清叶酸、维生素B12测定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于DNA双螺旋模型的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是DNA的二级结构", "B": "双股链相互平行、走向相反", "C": "碱基位于双螺旋外侧", "D": "磷酸与脱氧核糖组成了双螺旋的骨架"}, "answer": "碱基位于双螺旋外侧", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "巴甫洛夫根据高级神经活动类型的特征对气质进行分类,与希波克拉底的四种类型相对应。不属于上述四种类型的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "安静型", "B": "外向型", "C": "兴奋型", "D": "抑制型"}, "answer": "外向型", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "直径2.8cm的肾盂单发结石,首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗感染治疗", "B": "经皮肾镜碎石", "C": "肾盂切开取石", "D": "体外冲击波碎石"}, "answer": "经皮肾镜碎石", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.住院患者,女性,30岁。近2年来常有发作性头痛,多位于枕部,并向颈部放射,在头痛前有双眼视力模糊,闪光,眩晕及耳鸣,可持续20余分钟,头痛时伴恶心,呕吐,持续数小时,最长1天可缓解。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "典型偏头痛", "B": "普通型偏头痛", "C": "群集性头痛", "D": "基底动脉型偏头痛"}, "answer": "基底动脉型偏头痛", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "哪项在功能性垂体瘤中最常见?(  )", "options": {"A": "促甲状腺素瘤", "B": "生长激素瘤", "C": "泌乳素瘤", "D": "生长激素泌乳素混合瘤"}, "answer": "泌乳素瘤", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "最容易引起骨折不连接的移位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "成角移位", "B": "分离移位", "C": "旋转移位", "D": "嵌插移位"}, "answer": "分离移位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.绒毛膜促性腺激素来源于(  )。", "options": {"A": "下丘脑", "B": "卵巢", "C": "子宫", "D": "胎盘"}, "answer": "胎盘", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,32岁。曾患急性附睾炎,治疗不彻底,总感觉阴囊轻度不适,休息后好转。检查发现附睾局限性增厚及肿大。下列治疗错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "热敷", "B": "热水坐浴", "C": "理疗", "D": "附睾切除"}, "answer": "附睾切除", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于细菌性肝脓肿,下列哪项叙述正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "多见于右叶单发", "B": "致病菌多为革兰阴性球菌", "C": "单个大脓肿,应切开引流", "D": "多发性细菌性肝脓肿宜手术治疗"}, "answer": "单个大脓肿,应切开引流", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,46岁。发热5天,于9月16日入院。体温维持在39℃以上,伴寒战,全身乏力,明显头痛。近2天出现腹泻,每日3~5次,水样便,既往体健。查体:T 39.5℃,P 102次/分,R 22次/分。BP 135/78mmHg,结膜充血,巩膜轻度黄染,咽红,腹股沟淋巴结轻度肿大,有压痛,质软。心肺未见异常,腹软,压痛及反跳痛(-),肝肋下触及边缘,有触痛。脾肋下未触及,腓肠肌压痛明显,双侧Babinski(-),实验室检查:血WBC 10.4×109/L,中性粒细胞0.80,淋巴细胞0.20。ALT 210U/L,TBil 40μmol/L。尿蛋白(+)。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤寒", "B": "钩端螺旋体病", "C": "病毒性肝炎急性黄疸型", "D": "肾综合征出血热"}, "answer": "钩端螺旋体病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "流行性脑膜炎的主要病理变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛛网膜下腔积脓", "B": "神经细胞变性坏死", "C": "软化灶形成", "D": "小胶质细胞结节形成"}, "answer": "蛛网膜下腔积脓", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "青年刘某在筹备婚礼的过程中,连续多日劳累,患化脓性扁桃体炎。医生在诊查中发现他同时患有淋病。该患者住院4天,扁桃腺炎痊愈出院,医生嘱其充分休息。按照《母婴保健法》的规定,刘某(  )。", "options": {"A": "不能结婚", "B": "应当暂缓结婚", "C": "可以结婚,但不能生育", "D": "可以结婚,治愈后可生育"}, "answer": "应当暂缓结婚", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,男,4个月,体重5kg,腹泻3天,每日7或8次,蛋花汤样、无腥臭,奶后呕吐2次。面色稍苍白,上腭裂,精神较差,皮肤稍干燥,眼窝、前囟凹陷,皮下脂肪0.3cm,皮肤弹性较差,哭有泪,四肢末梢较冷,血清钠128mmol/L。3.当患儿痊愈出院时,对家长可做下列指导,哪一项除外?(  )", "options": {"A": "先天性畸形(上腭裂)矫治", "B": "继续母乳喂养,避免夏季断乳", "C": "注意食具、尿布、玩具消毒", "D": "迅速添加辅食如蛋黄、炼乳"}, "answer": "迅速添加辅食如蛋黄、炼乳", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,30岁,海员,平素体健,昨晚进食海蟹一只,晨起腹泻稀水便10余次,量多,无明显发热、腹痛。中午开始出现呕吐,为米泔水样,共4次,尿量减少。经粪便悬滴及涂片检查,初步诊断为霍乱。5.霍乱患者解除隔离的标准是(  )。", "options": {"A": "临床症状消失6天,粪便隔日培养1次,连续3次阴性", "B": "临床症状消失8天,粪便隔日培养1次,连续3次阴性", "C": "临床症状消失8天,粪便隔日培养1次,连续4次阴性", "D": "临床症状消失10天,粪便培养1次阴性"}, "answer": "临床症状消失6天,粪便隔日培养1次,连续3次阴性", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,60岁,高血压病史及溃疡病史10余年,最近查体发现左心室肥厚,偶发阵发性室上性心律失常,选择下列何种药物降压为宜?(  )", "options": {"A": "维拉帕米", "B": "尼莫地平", "C": "吗啡", "D": "利血平"}, "answer": "维拉帕米", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "属于支气管扩张手术治疗禁忌证的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "合并反复感染", "B": "双下肺均存在局限性支气管扩张病变", "C": "窦性心动过缓,阿托品实验(+)", "D": "合并肺心病"}, "answer": "合并肺心病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,72岁。摔伤右髋部,既往全身情况良好。查体:右下肢缩短,外旋畸形,下肢轴向叩击痛阳性。3.最佳的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "股骨近端截骨术", "B": "人工股骨头置换术", "C": "持续骨牵引", "D": "髋关节石膏固定"}, "answer": "人工股骨头置换术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,35岁。阵发性心悸3年,发作时按摩颈动脉窦心悸可突然终止。发作时心电图示:心室率190次/分,逆行P波,QRS波群形态与时限正常。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "窦性心动过速", "B": "房性期前收缩", "C": "阵发性室性心动过速", "D": "阵发性室上性心动过速"}, "answer": "阵发性室上性心动过速", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.专性厌氧菌(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核分枝杆菌", "B": "空肠弯曲菌", "C": "肺炎链球菌", "D": "产气荚膜杆菌"}, "answer": "产气荚膜杆菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项为医学免疫学研究的内容?(  )", "options": {"A": "抗原与抗体的相互作用关系", "B": "病原微生物的感染和机体防御能力", "C": "人类免疫现象的原理和应用", "D": "细胞突变和免疫监视功能"}, "answer": "人类免疫现象的原理和应用", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "Child肝功能分级依据,不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清胆红素值", "B": "血清白蛋白值", "C": "食管静脉曲张程度", "D": "营养状态"}, "answer": "食管静脉曲张程度", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,6个月,高热10余日,咳嗽、气促,其母患肺结核。查体:精神萎靡,面色苍白,双肺呼吸音粗,肝肋下2.5cm,脾触及边缘,前囟膨隆,颈强(±)。OT试验阴性,胸片提示双肺中外带均有粟粒状阴影。1.为进一步确诊需做下列何项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "血培养", "B": "血常规", "C": "痰液查找结核菌", "D": "脑脊液检查"}, "answer": "脑脊液检查", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.测定肺换气效率较好的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "潮气量", "B": "时间肺活量", "C": "通气与血流比值", "D": "肺扩散容量"}, "answer": "通气与血流比值", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在多中心人体试验审查中,项目总负责人单位伦理委员会审查通过后,项目参加单位的伦理委员会应当(  )。", "options": {"A": "重新审查", "B": "不再审查", "C": "只审查本单位的可行性", "D": "只审查受试者的知情同意书"}, "answer": "只审查本单位的可行性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.含有稀有碱基最多的RNA是(  )。", "options": {"A": "mRNA", "B": "tRNA", "C": "hnRNA", "D": "snRNA"}, "answer": "tRNA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,55岁,巩膜皮肤黄染进行性加重2月余,胆囊肿大呈圆形,可推动,无触压痛,首先考虑的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆囊癌", "B": "急性胆囊炎", "C": "急性病毒性肝炎", "D": "胰头癌"}, "answer": "胆囊癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.妊娠期母体血容量开始增加的时间(  )。", "options": {"A": "孕6~8周", "B": "孕10周", "C": "孕20周", "D": "孕38周"}, "answer": "孕6~8周", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "哪一项不是金黄色葡萄球菌肠炎的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "大便的颜色、性状易变", "B": "脓血便", "C": "全身中毒症状重", "D": "原发性少见"}, "answer": "大便的颜色、性状易变", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项与小叶性肺炎不符?(  )", "options": {"A": "病变多局限于一个小叶", "B": "属于化脓性炎", "C": "常是某些疾病的并发症", "D": "多见于小儿及老人"}, "answer": "病变多局限于一个小叶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.给高热患者酒精擦浴是为了增加(  )。", "options": {"A": "传导散热", "B": "对流散热", "C": "蒸发散热", "D": "发汗"}, "answer": "蒸发散热", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.膝状神经节病变引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "单侧周围性面瘫", "B": "单侧周围性面瘫伴Hunt综合征", "C": "双侧周围性面瘫伴脑脊液蛋白细胞分离", "D": "单侧周围性面瘫伴同侧舌前2/3味觉丧失及听觉过敏"}, "answer": "单侧周围性面瘫伴Hunt综合征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "生后24小时内出现黄疸者,应首先考虑下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "败血症", "B": "胆道闭锁", "C": "新生儿溶血病", "D": "新生儿肝炎"}, "answer": "新生儿溶血病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为记忆障碍在脑器质性精神障碍的早期主要表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "逆行性遗忘", "B": "错构", "C": "虚构", "D": "近事遗忘"}, "answer": "近事遗忘", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对乙肝病毒感染具有保护作用的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "DNA聚合酶", "B": "抗HBs", "C": "抗HBe", "D": "抗核抗体"}, "answer": "抗HBs", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "反映肝纤维化的血清学指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆固醇", "B": "乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)", "C": "透明质酸(HA)", "D": "白蛋白"}, "answer": "透明质酸(HA)", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "《红楼梦》中的林黛玉,其动作稳定缓慢,观察事物细致入微,敏感多疑,孤独多虑,情感体验深刻且持久。3.根据巴甫洛夫高级神经活动类型学说,林黛玉的神经活动类型属(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制型", "B": "安静型", "C": "活泼型", "D": "均衡型"}, "answer": "抑制型", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "右大腿被撞伤,下1/3向后成角,局部明显肿胀,不能扪及足背动脉搏动,足趾发凉,最大的可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血肿", "B": "软组织挫伤", "C": "股骨下1/3骨折伴股动脉损伤", "D": "股动脉损伤"}, "answer": "股骨下1/3骨折伴股动脉损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "暴发型流脑休克型治疗哪一项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "控制DIC", "B": "控制感染", "C": "冬眠疗法", "D": "禁用肾上腺皮质激素"}, "answer": "禁用肾上腺皮质激素", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于乳酸循环的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳酸主要来自肌糖原分解", "B": "乳酸可作为肝脏糖异生的原料", "C": "运送乳酸经肾脏排出", "D": "乳酸循环是耗能的过程"}, "answer": "运送乳酸经肾脏排出", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有四个不连续的半胱氨酸残基的细胞因子受体为下述哪项(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫球蛋白基因家族", "B": "造血因子受体家族", "C": "干扰素受体家族", "D": "G蛋白耦联受体家族"}, "answer": "干扰素受体家族", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿体表面积计算与成人不同点在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "头大,躯干小", "B": "头大,四肢小,躯干相似", "C": "头大,四肢、躯干相似", "D": "头大,下肢小,躯干相似"}, "answer": "头大,下肢小,躯干相似", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.以上何种药物最适宜于治疗变异型心绞痛?(  )", "options": {"A": "异丙肾上腺素", "B": "硝普钠", "C": "硝苯地平", "D": "多巴胺"}, "answer": "硝苯地平", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,40岁,干部。近1个月出现情绪低落,对工作及娱乐全没有兴趣,卧床多,不思饮食,入睡困难,早醒,有轻生想法。3.经过上述所选择药物治疗2周后,患者的症状逐渐加重,表现为卧床不动,不说话,并有严重的自杀企图,此时宜选择的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "电抽搐治疗", "B": "SSRIs+碳酸锂", "C": "三环类抗抑郁药+碳酸锂", "D": "舒必利"}, "answer": "电抽搐治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.脊髓的抑制性中间神经元属(  )。", "options": {"A": "感受器", "B": "神经中枢", "C": "传出神经", "D": "效应器"}, "answer": "神经中枢", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于线粒体ATP合酶的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "柄部含寡霉素敏感蛋白", "B": "F1由α-亚基和β-亚基两个亚基组成", "C": "F0中存在H+通道", "D": "β-亚基与α-亚基结合才有催化活性"}, "answer": "F1由α-亚基和β-亚基两个亚基组成", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,25岁。1年来反复镜下血尿,相差显微镜检查为变形红细胞,尿蛋白0.4g/d,无水肿、高血压及肾功能减退。应首先考虑的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "无症状性蛋白尿和(或)血尿", "B": "急性肾小球肾炎", "C": "慢性肾小球肾炎", "D": "尿路结石"}, "answer": "无症状性蛋白尿和(或)血尿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "中年男性,既往腰痛2年余,l周前猛抬重物后腰疼明显加剧并向右下肢放射,咳嗽时加重。其诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰椎骨折", "B": "腰部肌筋膜炎", "C": "腰椎间盘突出症", "D": "腰扭伤"}, "answer": "腰椎间盘突出症", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "短暂脑缺血发作的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "眩晕、呕吐、耳鸣持续一至数日", "B": "发作性神经系统功能障碍,24小时内完全恢复", "C": "昏迷、清醒、再昏迷", "D": "一侧轻偏瘫,历时数日渐恢复"}, "answer": "发作性神经系统功能障碍,24小时内完全恢复", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "应用脑室持续引流方法不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "用于脑室系统内脑脊液循环通路梗阻者", "B": "用于脑室内出血或脑出血破入脑室不宜开颅手术者", "C": "脑室内引流管一般高于脑平面20~25cm,引流时间不少于15天", "D": "预防感染,每天更换引流袋(瓶)"}, "answer": "脑室内引流管一般高于脑平面20~25cm,引流时间不少于15天", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "混合性血栓可见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "心室内附壁血栓", "B": "风湿性心内膜炎的疣状血栓", "C": "肾小球毛细血管内", "D": "动脉血栓头部"}, "answer": "心室内附壁血栓", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某地一位司机在车祸中受重伤,被同行的人送到附近一家医院抢救。检查发现病人多发性骨折,多脏器破裂,如不及时手术,病人就会死亡。手术需要亲属签协议书。可病人的同行者谁也不敢代替家属签名。这时,主刀医师的上级医生签了协议书,表示承担责任。经过医务人员的全力抢救,病人脱险。1.对该上级医生的做法做出的正确伦理评价应该是(  )。", "options": {"A": "正确,权威医生在任何时候都可以代替病人做主", "B": "正确,医生既已受到病人信托,必要时必须承担责任,应该代替病人做主", "C": "不正确,未经家属签名表示信托", "D": "不正确,医生本人和医院承担的风险太大"}, "answer": "正确,医生既已受到病人信托,必要时必须承担责任,应该代替病人做主", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对压缩或移位较轻的颈椎骨折或脱位,在用颌枕吊带行卧位牵引复位时,其牵引重量应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "1~2kg", "B": "3~5kg", "C": "6~7kg", "D": "11~12kg"}, "answer": "3~5kg", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "抗毒素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是抗体,不是抗原", "B": "既是抗原,又是抗体", "C": "既非抗原,又非抗体", "D": "是异嗜性抗原"}, "answer": "既非抗原,又非抗体", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "王某是一名注册医师,2002年因在工作中严重不负责任造成医疗事故,患者起诉至法院,王某被认定为医疗事故罪,判处有期徒刑3年,从2002年6月1日起开始服刑。关于此后他能否再次成为执业医师的说法中正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "他可以再次成为执业医师,而且无需再次注册,因此前注册继续有效", "B": "他终生不能再次注册成为医师", "C": "他可以在2005年6月1日之后的任何时间申请并获得医师注册", "D": "他可以在2007年6月1日之后的任何时间申请并获得医师注册"}, "answer": "他可以在2007年6月1日之后的任何时间申请并获得医师注册", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "我国平原地区间日疟传播的主要媒介是(  )。", "options": {"A": "库蚊", "B": "雷氏按蚊", "C": "大劣按蚊", "D": "中华按蚊"}, "answer": "中华按蚊", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不良反应最小,可进入脑脊液的咪唑类抗真菌药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "咪康唑", "B": "克霉唑", "C": "氟康唑", "D": "氟胞嘧啶"}, "answer": "氟康唑", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,36岁。颈经前包块10年,心慌、气短、怕热、多汗半年。查体:P 110次/分,BP 160/70mmHg,无突眼,甲状腺触及多个结节,中等硬度,表面光滑,随吞咽可上下移动。实验室检查:T3、T4增高,TSH降低,TPOAb及TGAb均阳性。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯性甲状腺肿", "B": "结节性毒性甲状腺肿", "C": "慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎", "D": "弥漫性毒性甲状腺肿"}, "answer": "结节性毒性甲状腺肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对危重急性中毒者,治疗上应立即采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸氧", "B": "导泻", "C": "维持生命体征并终止毒物接触", "D": "使用特效解毒药"}, "answer": "维持生命体征并终止毒物接触", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.医师应当向男女双方提出暂缓结婚意见的情况(  )。", "options": {"A": "经查女方乙肝五项HBsAg(+)、抗-HBcAg(+)", "B": "经查胎儿患严重遗传性疾病", "C": "婚前医学检查,女方患慢性肾盂肾炎", "D": "经查女方乙肝五项HBsAg(+)、HBeAg(+)、抗-HBcAg-IgM(+)"}, "answer": "经查女方乙肝五项HBsAg(+)、HBeAg(+)、抗-HBcAg-IgM(+)", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.吗啡作用于延脑孤束核的阿片受体可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "镇痛作用", "B": "镇咳作用", "C": "欣快作用", "D": "缩瞳作用"}, "answer": "镇咳作用", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列各项中不符合成人特发性血小板减少性紫癜特征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "紫癜多出现于四肢", "B": "女性可以仅表现为月经过多", "C": "脾大,多超过肋下5cm", "D": "牙龈出血"}, "answer": "脾大,多超过肋下5cm", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "子宫内膜异位症常见侵犯的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卵巢", "B": "脐", "C": "膀胱", "D": "肾"}, "answer": "卵巢", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "35岁,C2P0,妊娠35周。1年前因妊娠5个月死胎而做引产术。产前检查:血压130/80mmHg,宫高36cm,胎心率140次/min,空腹血糖7mmol/L,尿糖(+)。2.该患者经控制饮食2周后,空腹血糖6.1mmol/L,胎心120次/min,NST为无反应型,首选的处理应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左侧卧位", "B": "立即终止妊娠", "C": "B型超声监护", "D": "自数胎动计数"}, "answer": "B型超声监护", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "出血热少尿期6天,BUN38mmol/L,尿量100ml/d,血压180/115mmHg,脉洪大,体表静脉充盈,呼吸快,双肺底有散在水泡音,下列治疗哪一项最有效(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量利尿剂", "B": "纠酸强心", "C": "透析疗法(血液透析)", "D": "控制液体入量"}, "answer": "透析疗法(血液透析)", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一位肿瘤病学专家在同事的协助下,为一肺癌病人做胸穿,抽出了1000毫升胸水。第二天早上交班时,这位专家问当班护士:此病人是什么时候做的胸穿?你注意观察了吗?病人的呼吸、心跳怎样?……护士有些紧张,答得不完全。这位专家说:这些内容医师要管,护士也要管,我们应共同努力。4.下述医师做法或叙述中,不符合“彼此平等、互相尊重”这一原则的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "下级医师为上级医师掩饰失误,损害了病人利益", "B": "医师发现检验师检验报告不合格,只是当着病人的面说些“水平太低了”的话,然后又开出另一种检验项目单,嘱病人去做", "C": "护士发现医嘱中有点疑问,及时向医师提出,医师认为护士多事,才上了几天班,你懂什么", "D": "上级主管部门就病人反映的某医师开CT检查单而分得“开单费”的违规问题而来调查情况时,因怕伤害朋友情面和影响科室创收,知情医师不配合"}, "answer": "护士发现医嘱中有点疑问,及时向医师提出,医师认为护士多事,才上了几天班,你懂什么", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.右输尿管上段结石0.4cm×0.3cm,应选择的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "输尿管软镜激光碎石", "B": "药物排石", "C": "经输尿管镜碎石", "D": "经皮肾镜碎石"}, "answer": "药物排石", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男性,39岁农民,持续发热10d,体温呈稽留热。体检:精神萎靡,反应淡漠,体温39.5℃,心率76/min,肝肋下1.5cm,脾肋下2cm。外周血WBC 14×109/L,中性粒细胞44%,淋巴细胞60%,肥达氏反应O抗体1:80,H抗体1:160,ALT 180U/L,总胆红素2.2μmol/L,HBsAg阴性。2.为确定诊断首选的检测项目是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血培养", "B": "骨髓培养", "C": "胆汁培养", "D": "咽拭纸"}, "answer": "血培养", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.发现艾滋病时,农村应当发出报告的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "6h内", "B": "12h内", "C": "18h内", "D": "24h内"}, "answer": "12h内", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某地某年8月发生了一起由食用蛋、奶糖制作的雪糕而引起的食物中毒,症状为腹痛、腹泻,大便如水样黄绿色便,少数病人有脓血便,部分病人体温为38~39℃,多数人潜伏期为12~24小时,最可能是下列哪一种食物中毒?(  )", "options": {"A": "肉毒毒素中毒", "B": "变形杆菌食物中毒", "C": "沙门菌属食物中毒", "D": "副溶血性弧菌食物中毒"}, "answer": "沙门菌属食物中毒", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.重度失血患者失代偿时,可出现的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉血压升高,尿量减少", "B": "动脉血压降低,尿量减少", "C": "动脉血压升高,尿量增加", "D": "动脉血压降低,尿量增加"}, "answer": "动脉血压降低,尿量减少", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "根据马斯洛,需要的最高层次指的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "安全", "B": "自我实现", "C": "归属与爱", "D": "生理"}, "answer": "自我实现", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列导致胎儿生长受限的因素最常见的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "妊娠期高血压疾病", "B": "羊水过多", "C": "妊娠期糖尿病", "D": "合并卵巢小囊肿"}, "answer": "妊娠期高血压疾病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "细菌中染色体外的遗传物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "核质", "B": "质粒", "C": "核糖体", "D": "中介体"}, "answer": "质粒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以脾大为最显著特点的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性粒细胞白血病", "B": "急性淋巴细胞白血病", "C": "慢性粒细胞白血病", "D": "慢性淋巴细胞白血病"}, "answer": "慢性粒细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男婴,胎龄291天,出生体重3850g,其体重位于同胎龄标准体重的第80百分位,下述诊断哪项是恰当而全面的?(  )", "options": {"A": "过期产儿,大于适龄儿", "B": "过期产儿巨大儿", "C": "足月儿,适与胎龄儿", "D": "足月儿,巨大儿"}, "answer": "足月儿,适与胎龄儿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "正常呼气末,肺内气体量相当于(  )。", "options": {"A": "余气量", "B": "功能余气量", "C": "吸气储备量", "D": "总肺容量"}, "answer": "功能余气量", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪项是Th细胞表面具有鉴别意义的标志?(  )", "options": {"A": "CD2分子", "B": "CD4分子", "C": "CD5分子", "D": "CD8分子"}, "answer": "CD4分子", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.微生物学实验室试管口等(  )。", "options": {"A": "焚烧", "B": "烧灼", "C": "红外线", "D": "巴氏消毒"}, "answer": "烧灼", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是AMP在体内分解时首先形成的核苷酸?(  )", "options": {"A": "IMP", "B": "CMP", "C": "GMP", "D": "XMP"}, "answer": "IMP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "初孕妇,29岁,妊娠37周,妊娠期糖尿病。胎心140次/min,无应激试验为无反应型。首选的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人工破膜", "B": "B型超声检查", "C": "立即剖宫产", "D": "3日后复查无反应激试验"}, "answer": "B型超声检查", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于细胞静息电位的论述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞膜处于超极化状态", "B": "静息电位主要是由K+外流造成的", "C": "静息状态下,细胞膜对K+通透性高", "D": "细胞在静息状态时处于外正内负的状态"}, "answer": "细胞膜处于超极化状态", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "二次免疫应答时产生抗体的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "以IgM为主", "B": "维持时间长", "C": "IgG与IgM同时发生", "D": "浓度增加缓慢"}, "answer": "维持时间长", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "DNA上某段碱基顺序为5’-ATCGT-TA-3’,其互补链相对应的mRNA碱基顺序是(  )。", "options": {"A": "5’-AUGCGUUA-3’", "B": "5’-AUCGUUA-5’", "C": "3’-UAGCAAU-5’", "D": "5’-ATCGTTA-3’"}, "answer": "3’-UAGCAAU-5’", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "流行病学中与发病相关的常用指标除发病率外还包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "死亡率、续发率", "B": "死亡率、流行率", "C": "病死率、流行率", "D": "罹患率、患病率"}, "answer": "罹患率、患病率", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,确诊直肠癌,拟行手术治疗,术前查:Hb 50g/L。给予输注红细胞4单位,开始输注20分钟后,患者出现寒颤,高热,腹痛,头痛及心前区不适,面色潮红,呼吸困难焦虑不安,该患者最可能发生的输血不良反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "过敏反应", "B": "急性溶血性输血反应", "C": "输血相关循环超负荷", "D": "输血相关移植抗宿主病"}, "answer": "急性溶血性输血反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一般说来,与内源性抗原递呈有关的分子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "MHCⅠ类分子", "B": "MHCⅡ类分子", "C": "MHCⅢ娄分子", "D": "黏附分子"}, "answer": "MHCⅠ类分子", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某一细胞群体杀伤肿瘤细胞机制为通过其Ag受体识别肿瘤细胞特异Ag,在Th辅助下直接杀伤肿瘤细胞;该细胞活化后,分泌γ-IFN,β-TNF等细胞因子间接杀伤肿瘤细胞。该细胞指的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "LAK", "B": "Mφ", "C": "Tc", "D": "NK"}, "answer": "Tc", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.Hippocrates法复位(  )。", "options": {"A": "肩关节脱位", "B": "肘关节脱位", "C": "髋关节前下脱位", "D": "髋关节中心脱位"}, "answer": "肩关节脱位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肝昏迷时,为减少肠道有毒物质的产生,首选下列的抗生素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素", "B": "黄连素", "C": "红霉素", "D": "新霉素或诺氟沙星"}, "answer": "新霉素或诺氟沙星", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "很少引起肺淤血的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄", "B": "肺源性心脏病", "C": "梅毒性心脏病", "D": "冠心病"}, "answer": "肺源性心脏病", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.不常发作但很强烈的偏头痛应选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "发作早期给麦角胺咖啡因", "B": "5-羟色胺受体激动剂", "C": "普萘洛尔、苯噻啶等药物", "D": "皮质类固醇"}, "answer": "发作早期给麦角胺咖啡因", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "初孕妇,26岁,妊娠38周。查体:P 90次/min,R 18次/min,BP 120/80mmHg。叩诊心浊音界稍向左扩大,心尖部闻及2/6级收缩期吹风样杂音,踝部轻度水肿。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "妊娠期高血压性心脏病", "B": "心脏病合并妊娠,性质待查", "C": "正常妊娠改变", "D": "围生期心肌病"}, "answer": "正常妊娠改变", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项不属于处理医务人员之间关系的道德原则?(  )", "options": {"A": "共同维护病人利益和社会公益原则", "B": "彼此平等、互相尊重原则", "C": "知情同意和保守秘密原则", "D": "彼此独立、互相支持和帮助原则"}, "answer": "知情同意和保守秘密原则", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列不属于脑囊虫病临床类型的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑实质型", "B": "脑室型", "C": "脊髓型", "D": "外周神经型"}, "answer": "外周神经型", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.语言知觉测验属(  )。", "options": {"A": "智力测验", "B": "人格投射测验", "C": "评定量表", "D": "神经心理学测验"}, "answer": "神经心理学测验", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,47岁。水肿6个月。查体:BP 120/70mmHg。尿蛋白定量2.5g/d,尿红细胞20~30/HP,血清蛋白32g/L,血肌酐141μmol/L。临床诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾小球肾炎", "B": "慢性肾小球肾炎", "C": "急进性肾小球肾炎", "D": "肾病综合征"}, "answer": "慢性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于医德评价客观标准的描述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有利于防病治病", "B": "有利于促进医学科学的发展和社会进步", "C": "有利于病人疾病的缓解和根除", "D": "有利于综合国力的提高"}, "answer": "有利于综合国力的提高", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "治疗先天性甲状腺功能减低症的常用药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖皮质激素", "B": "左旋甲状腺素钠", "C": "促甲状腺素", "D": "促垂体后叶素"}, "answer": "左旋甲状腺素钠", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,11个月,生后反复患肺炎,2天前开始发热咳嗽、气促、烦躁不安。查体:口唇发绀,呼吸48次/分,心率198次/分,心音低钝,胸骨左级第3、4肋间可闻及3级收缩期杂音,双肺中、小水泡音,肝肋下3.0cm,双足背轻度水肿。1.此病例可能的诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "室间隔缺损", "B": "室间隔缺损合并肺炎和心力衰竭", "C": "室间隔缺损合并亚急性细菌性内膜炎", "D": "室间隔缺损合并心力衰竭"}, "answer": "室间隔缺损合并肺炎和心力衰竭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "细菌L型与支原体的不同点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对青霉素不敏感", "B": "在固体培养基上形成荷包蛋样菌落", "C": "革兰染色为阴性", "D": "在适宜条件下可恢复为原来的细胞壁和形态"}, "answer": "在适宜条件下可恢复为原来的细胞壁和形态", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.治疗滴虫性阴道炎宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "雌激素", "B": "孕激素", "C": "甲硝唑", "D": "克霉唑"}, "answer": "甲硝唑", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,35岁,右肾疼痛,尿常规红细胞充满/HP,白细胞2~3个/HP,尿路平片可见右下段输尿管走行区高密度阴影0.6cm,IVU可见右输尿管下段结石,其上输尿管轻度扩张,右肾轻度积水。3.对患者应采取哪种治疗方法?(  )", "options": {"A": "膀胱切开手术", "B": "药物排石", "C": "大量饮水等待自然排出", "D": "体外震波碎石"}, "answer": "大量饮水等待自然排出", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "配制2∶1等张含钠液120ml需(  )。", "options": {"A": "0.9%NaCl80ml,5%NaHCO340ml", "B": "0.9%NaCl80ml,5%NaHCO35ml,10%GS35ml", "C": "0.9%NaCl80ml,10%GS40ml", "D": "0.9%NaCl80ml,5%NaHCO310ml,10%GS30ml"}, "answer": "0.9%NaCl80ml,5%NaHCO310ml,10%GS30ml", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是Tc在抗感染中主要抵御的细菌?(  )", "options": {"A": "布氏杆菌", "B": "乙型链球菌", "C": "肺炎球菌", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "布氏杆菌", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于清创缝合错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "清除伤口污物和异物,切除失去活力的组织", "B": "清创术最好在伤后6~8小时以内施行", "C": "关节、大血管或神经暴露的伤口清创后不缝合", "D": "污染严重的伤口,清创后不缝合"}, "answer": "关节、大血管或神经暴露的伤口清创后不缝合", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不属于器官特异性自身免疫病的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性甲状腺炎", "B": "重症肌无力", "C": "特发性血小板减少性紫癜", "D": "类风湿性关节炎"}, "answer": "类风湿性关节炎", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "膝关节疾病与有关试验中,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "前抽屉试验(+),后交叉韧带断裂", "B": "浮髌试验(+):膝关节积液", "C": "麦氏(McMurray)试验(+):半月板损伤", "D": "髌骨摩擦试验(+):髌骨软骨软化症"}, "answer": "前抽屉试验(+),后交叉韧带断裂", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.肺炎链球菌脑膜炎抗生素治疗的疗程应该是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小于5天", "B": "10~14天", "C": "14~21天", "D": "大于21天"}, "answer": "10~14天", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "压颈试验旨在检查(  )。", "options": {"A": "小脑病变", "B": "脊髓疾病有无椎管阻塞", "C": "周围神经疾病", "D": "脑干疾病"}, "answer": "脊髓疾病有无椎管阻塞", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,16岁。被侧塌的房屋压伤后腹痛伴呕吐1小时。查体:P 140次/分,R 26次/分,BP 80/54mmHg,神志清,痛苦面容,腹肌紧张,有压痛和反跳痛,移动性浊音(+),肠鸣音消失。1.伤后1小时,对判断有无腹部脏器损伤价值最小的实验室检查结果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "白细胞及中性粒细胞升高", "B": "粪便常规有大量红细胞", "C": "红细胞及血红蛋白", "D": "血细胞比容下降"}, "answer": "白细胞及中性粒细胞升高", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "哪项最有助于鉴别细菌性痢疾和溃疡性结肠炎?(  )", "options": {"A": "有无里急后重", "B": "有无脓血便", "C": "抗生素治疗是否有效", "D": "有无发热"}, "answer": "抗生素治疗是否有效", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1岁患儿,母乳喂养未添加辅食,查体:虚胖,毛发稀黄,面色苍黄,肝肋下3cm,脾肋下1.5cm,表情呆滞,智力发育落后,肢体震颤,踝阵挛阳性。2.确诊的实验室检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血气分析", "B": "血常规检查", "C": "血沉测定", "D": "骨髓象检查"}, "answer": "骨髓象检查", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "常温安静状态下,机体散热的主要方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "辐射", "B": "对流", "C": "传导", "D": "不感蒸发"}, "answer": "辐射", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,55岁。上腹疼痛8小时。进食高脂餐并饮酒后出现上腹痛,呕吐2次后疼痛无缓解。查体:T 37.8℃,巩膜轻度黄染,心肺未见异常,上腹偏左压痛、反跳痛阳性。2.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性心肌梗死", "B": "急性胰腺炎", "C": "肠梗阻", "D": "急性胆囊炎"}, "answer": "急性胰腺炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,19岁,因发热、头痛、腰痛3天于4月5日入院,尿量约500ml/日。体检:体温39.4℃,血压95/60mmHg,球结膜充血、水肿,腋下及背部可见条索样出血点,双肾区有叩击痛。该病例最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血小板减少性紫癜", "B": "急性肾小球肾炎", "C": "败血症", "D": "流行性出血热"}, "answer": "流行性出血热", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一日本血吸虫性肝硬化病人,无黄疸,也无蜘蛛痣,肝肋缘下1cm、质硬、表面无明显结节,脾大明显、下缘平脐、质硬,经常有鼻出血及牙龈、皮肤黏膜出血。其出血的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "凝血因子Ⅶ合成减少", "B": "脾功能亢进破坏血小板增多", "C": "凝血酶原减少", "D": "凝血因子X减少"}, "answer": "脾功能亢进破坏血小板增多", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "冠心病植入药物洗脱支架者,需要接受阿司匹林及氯吡格雷双重抗血小板治疗的时间至少为(  )。", "options": {"A": "1个月", "B": "9个月", "C": "3个月", "D": "1年"}, "answer": "1年", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,35岁。外阴瘙痒伴烧灼伤感2天。妇科检查:外阴局部充血,阴道黏膜表面有白色凝乳状物覆盖,阴道分泌物镜检找到假菌丝。该患者首选治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖皮质激素", "B": "甲硝唑", "C": "雌激素", "D": "制霉菌素"}, "answer": "制霉菌素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "Na+跨膜转运的方式为(  )。", "options": {"A": "易化扩散", "B": "易化扩散和主动转运", "C": "主动转运", "D": "主动转运和单纯扩散"}, "answer": "易化扩散和主动转运", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.利福平(  )。", "options": {"A": "可引起外周神经炎", "B": "可引起视神经炎", "C": "对动物有致畸形作用", "D": "可引起耳鸣、耳聋"}, "answer": "对动物有致畸形作用", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "糖皮质激素治疗慢性特发性血小板减少性紫癜的表述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一般选用泼尼松", "B": "近期有效率约为80%左右", "C": "复发时再应用常无效", "D": "治疗缓解后一般小剂量维持3~6个月"}, "answer": "复发时再应用常无效", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "易引起严重低血糖不良反应的口服降糖药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "磺脲类口服降糖药", "B": "α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂", "C": "餐时血糖调节剂", "D": "胰岛素增敏剂"}, "answer": "磺脲类口服降糖药", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某男,24岁,有不洁性接触史,因近2日尿急、尿频、排尿刺痛而来院就诊。查体见尿道口有白色脓性分泌物。分泌物涂片染色,镜下见到G-成双排列的球菌。该患者感染可能是由下列哪种细菌引起?(  )", "options": {"A": "淋球菌", "B": "肺炎球菌", "C": "链球菌", "D": "脑膜炎球菌"}, "answer": "淋球菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是维生素D缺乏性佝偻病时由骨样组织增生所致的骨骼改变?(  )", "options": {"A": "方颅", "B": "脊椎后突或侧弯", "C": "“O”形腿或“X”形腿", "D": "肋膈沟(赫氏沟)"}, "answer": "方颅", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一般在移植数天或数月后发生,主要由细胞免疫反应引起,移植物的主要病理变化是实质细胞的坏死。这种移植排斥反应的类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性排斥", "B": "急性排斥", "C": "超急排斥", "D": "GVHR"}, "answer": "急性排斥", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有关衣原体不正确的描述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对热敏感,50~60℃仅能存活5~16min", "B": "对四环素和红霉素敏感", "C": "对0.5%苯酚和75%乙醇敏感", "D": "以干热灭菌方式处理衣原体仍有感染性"}, "answer": "以干热灭菌方式处理衣原体仍有感染性", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "帕金森病的发病机制中哪项表述是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "多巴胺和乙酰胆碱对基底节环路起重要调节作用", "B": "酪氨酸羟化酶和多巴脱羧酶减少", "C": "黑质多巴胺减少的同时,乙酰胆碱功能也相对降低", "D": "单胺氧化酶B抑制剂可增加脑内多巴胺的含量"}, "answer": "黑质多巴胺减少的同时,乙酰胆碱功能也相对降低", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "胰岛素、表皮生长因子等与其他激素一样,结合特异受体后,通过一定机制激活相关激酶发挥作用。与胰岛素、表皮生长因子相关的激酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋白激酶G", "B": "蛋白激酶C", "C": "酪氨酸蛋白激酶", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "酪氨酸蛋白激酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于外科感染的特点,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多为混合性感染", "B": "有明显的局部症状", "C": "伴器质性病变", "D": "不会引起严重的全身性感染"}, "answer": "不会引起严重的全身性感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不符合酶促反应特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "催化反应时条件温和", "B": "活性可以调节", "C": "催化效率极高", "D": "能改变反应的平衡常数"}, "answer": "能改变反应的平衡常数", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.属于医疗保健机构提供婚前卫生咨询的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "性卫生知识教育", "B": "遗传病诊察", "C": "心理健康指导", "D": "对生育保健提供医学意见"}, "answer": "对生育保健提供医学意见", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,45岁。畏寒、乏力、性欲减低1年。2年前曾因脑部肿瘤行放射治疗。多次因低血压、低血钠入院,静脉输注生理盐水治疗可好转。查体:T 36℃,卧位BP 120/70mmHg,心率90次/分,坐位BP 100/60mmHg,心率110次/分。皮肤黏膜干燥,阴毛、腋毛稀疏,睾丸小。实验室检查:Hb 103g/L,血细胞比容30%,血清尿素氮4mmol/L,血肌酐88.4μmol/L,血钠123mmol/L,血钾3.9mmol/L,血浆渗透压264mmol/L,尿渗透压354mmol/L。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性甲状腺功能减退症", "B": "抗利尿激素分泌失调综合征", "C": "腺垂体功能减退症", "D": "原发性肾上腺皮质功能减退症"}, "answer": "腺垂体功能减退症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "人体的主要散热部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤", "B": "呼吸道", "C": "肺循环", "D": "泌尿道"}, "answer": "皮肤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "母亲带一体重5.8kg的4个月婴儿来进行营养咨询。3.最适当的断奶时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "9~10个月", "B": "10~12个月", "C": "19~24个月", "D": "6~8个月"}, "answer": "9~10个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "晚期血吸虫病的肠道病变易并发何种病变?(  )", "options": {"A": "出血", "B": "肠套叠", "C": "息肉癌变", "D": "肠炎"}, "answer": "息肉癌变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.葡萄球菌肺炎的X线表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "气囊影的位置和形态易变", "B": "多发性蜂窝状脓肿,叶间隙下坠", "C": "纵切面可显示为“双轨征”,横切面显示“环形阴影”", "D": "大小不等、密度不同和分布不均的结节影"}, "answer": "气囊影的位置和形态易变", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "诱导免疫耐受时宜采用下列哪种方法(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮内注射聚合的抗原", "B": "静脉注射聚合的抗原", "C": "静脉注射非聚合的抗原", "D": "皮内/皮下同时注射的抗原"}, "answer": "静脉注射非聚合的抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "冠状动脉粥样硬化时,下述哪种病理变化不会出现?(  )", "options": {"A": "心脏代偿性肥大", "B": "心肌变性坏死", "C": "心肌纤维化", "D": "心肌糖原沉积"}, "answer": "心肌糖原沉积", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医务人员就医疗行为进行说明的首选对象是(  )。", "options": {"A": "患者朋友", "B": "患者同事", "C": "患者本人", "D": "患者亲属"}, "answer": "患者本人", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪一项不是肾综合征出血热早期外周血象改变(  )。", "options": {"A": "白细胞计数增高", "B": "嗜酸粒细胞减少以至消失", "C": "异常淋巴细胞增多", "D": "血小板减少"}, "answer": "嗜酸粒细胞减少以至消失", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者10岁,发育正常,无明显症状。听诊于胸骨左缘第2、3肋间闻及Ⅱ级收缩期杂音,心电图显示右心室肥厚及不完全性右束支传导阻滞。本病例诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "法洛四联症", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "房间隔缺损", "D": "右位心"}, "answer": "房间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "正常阴道中优势菌群是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳酸杆菌", "B": "梭状杆菌", "C": "棒状杆菌", "D": "大肠杆菌"}, "answer": "乳酸杆菌", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病最主要传染途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "性交传染", "B": "血行传染", "C": "间接传染", "D": "内源性传染"}, "answer": "内源性传染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "单纯性甲状腺肿的主要病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "食物中缺乏碘", "B": "食物中缺乏甲状腺素", "C": "甲状腺自主性分泌紊乱", "D": "生理需要甲状腺素增加"}, "answer": "食物中缺乏碘", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于酶的叙述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大多数酶的化学本质是核酸", "B": "能改变反应的平衡点", "C": "能大大降低反应的活化能", "D": "与底物结合都具有绝对特异性"}, "answer": "能大大降低反应的活化能", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.口服生物利用度个体差异大,需个体化给药的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硝苯地平", "B": "可乐定", "C": "普萘洛尔", "D": "硝普钠"}, "answer": "普萘洛尔", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性化脓性腹膜炎的常见原因应除外(  )。", "options": {"A": "血源性感染", "B": "手术污染", "C": "损伤引起的腹壁或内脏破裂", "D": "腹腔内脏器穿孔"}, "answer": "血源性感染", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.能治疗癫痫发作而无镇静催眠作用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯妥英钠", "B": "苯巴比妥", "C": "乙琥胺", "D": "卡比多巴"}, "answer": "苯妥英钠", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.属于反式作用因子的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "增强子结合蛋白", "B": "操纵子", "C": "酪氨酸蛋白激酶", "D": "RNA聚合酶Ⅱ"}, "answer": "增强子结合蛋白", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "属于稳定性骨折的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "股骨干的横骨折", "B": "单一桡骨干的斜骨折", "C": "尺、桡骨双骨折的青枝骨折", "D": "股骨颈骨折内收型"}, "answer": "尺、桡骨双骨折的青枝骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "属于第二级预防措施的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "疾病筛检", "B": "病后康复", "C": "健康促进", "D": "疫苗接种"}, "answer": "疾病筛检", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肺炎链球菌的致病力主要来源于(  )。", "options": {"A": "杀白细胞素", "B": "血浆凝固酶", "C": "外毒素", "D": "荚膜侵袭力"}, "answer": "荚膜侵袭力", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女孩,5岁。头痛,呕吐,步行不稳3个月。查体:神志清楚,精神差,双侧视乳头水肿。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小脑髓母细胞瘤", "B": "颞叶胶质母细胞瘤", "C": "枕叶星形细胞瘤", "D": "顶叶恶性淋巴瘤"}, "answer": "小脑髓母细胞瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一位住在妇产科病房的病人,手术后腹胀,哭闹着要找科主任来给她看一看。科主任来后,经仔细查看,发现患者只是心理上有些问题,于是说了一些安慰她的话,病人便安静下来了,还有说有笑。有同事见了不以为然地说,这也值得主任来管?科主任莞尔一笑,说:“难道当主任的就非得看什么大病吗?……有些劳动是平凡的,好像毋须一顾,但是,它的精神是神圣的,一个人没有这种神圣的感觉,他就不会每件事都那么仔细、耐心地去做。”这充分体现了(  )。", "options": {"A": "现代医学观、不伤害原则、同情美德", "B": "传统医学观、不伤害原则、同情美德", "C": "现代医学观、公正原则、正直美德", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "现代医学观、公正原则、正直美德", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是对脑和长骨发育最为重要的激素?(  )", "options": {"A": "生长素", "B": "性激素", "C": "甲状腺激素", "D": "1,25-二羟维生素D3"}, "answer": "甲状腺激素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,70岁。进行性排尿困难10年,夜尿3~4次。从未药物治疗。直肠指检:前列腺体积增大,中央沟消失,表面光滑,质地中等。B超:双肾无积水,输尿管未见扩张。最大尿流率10ml/s。1.首先考虑的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膀胱结石", "B": "膀胱颈部挛缩", "C": "前列腺增生", "D": "神经源性膀胱"}, "answer": "前列腺增生", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于肛裂的叙述,下列哪项是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "肛裂是肛管部深达肌层的小溃疡", "B": "肛裂、前哨痔和齿状线上相应的乳头肥大,称为肛裂“三联征”", "C": "主要症状是排便时出血", "D": "绝大多数发生在肛管前正中部"}, "answer": "肛裂、前哨痔和齿状线上相应的乳头肥大,称为肛裂“三联征”", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,68岁。清晨锻炼时突发心肌梗死,心跳骤停3分钟后实施心肺复苏,5分钟后心跳、呼吸恢复,10分钟后到医院。查体:P 100次/分,BP 100/65mmHg,浅昏迷,两侧瞳孔不等大。不必要的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "足量抗生素静滴", "B": "呋塞米20mg静脉滴注", "C": "高压氧疗", "D": "20%甘露醇250ml静脉快速滴注"}, "answer": "足量抗生素静滴", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是纤溶酶的主要作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "激活因子Ⅻ", "B": "激活补体系统", "C": "水解凝血酶及因子V、Ⅶ", "D": "水解纤维蛋白原和纤维蛋白"}, "answer": "水解纤维蛋白原和纤维蛋白", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,28岁,以前精神正常,到某地出差刚下火车,突然感到要爆发战争了,因为好多人都往出口处跑。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "错觉", "B": "幻觉", "C": "原发性妄想", "D": "继发性妄想"}, "answer": "原发性妄想", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿化脓性脑炎的脑脊液变化为(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞数增高,蛋白质含量增高,糖含量降低", "B": "细胞数增高,蛋白质含量正常,糖含量降低", "C": "细胞数增高,蛋白质含量升高,糖含量升高", "D": "细胞数升高,蛋白质含量正常,糖含量正常"}, "answer": "细胞数增高,蛋白质含量增高,糖含量降低", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.无细胞壁的原核细胞型微生物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "真菌", "B": "衣原体", "C": "支原体", "D": "病毒"}, "answer": "支原体", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肾综合征出血热治疗原则“三早一就”是(  )。", "options": {"A": "早发现,早诊断,早休息,就近治疗", "B": "早诊断,早休息,早期就近治疗", "C": "早休息,早治疗,就近治疗", "D": "早发现,早休息,早期就近治疗"}, "answer": "早发现,早休息,早期就近治疗", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,40岁。20年前患过肺结核,平素体健,近3个月来有刺激性咳嗽,痰中偶有血丝,有时发热。X线示:右肺上叶前段有2cm×2cm的块状阴影,边缘不整呈分叶状,痰查脱落细胞3次均阴性,诊断首先考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺结核", "B": "肺囊肿", "C": "肺癌", "D": "肺良性肿瘤"}, "answer": "肺癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于人体实验中的知情同意,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "“同意”是指受试者口头上明确表示同意参加实验", "B": "缺乏或丧失自主能力的人不能作为受试者参加实验", "C": "已同意参加实验的受试者签署知情同意书后,可以随意退出实验", "D": "如果受试者是病人,不能参加人体实验"}, "answer": "已同意参加实验的受试者签署知情同意书后,可以随意退出实验", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于急性中毒的治疗原则,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "酸性毒物污染皮肤、黏膜后应用碱性液体冲洗、中和", "B": "迅速清除进入体内已经被吸收或尚未被吸收的毒物", "C": "及早使用特效药解毒剂和拮抗剂", "D": "根据患者不同情况进行对症治疗"}, "answer": "酸性毒物污染皮肤、黏膜后应用碱性液体冲洗、中和", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "哪项是目前国内最常见的细菌性痢疾病原菌?(  )", "options": {"A": "福氏痢疾杆菌", "B": "鲍氏痢疾杆菌", "C": "舒氏痢疾杆菌", "D": "宋氏痢疾杆菌"}, "answer": "福氏痢疾杆菌", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "导致食物中毒的副溶血性弧菌最容易污染的食品是(  )。", "options": {"A": "剩米饭", "B": "海产品和盐渍食品", "C": "家庭自制豆制品", "D": "禽肉类及其制品"}, "answer": "海产品和盐渍食品", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.防止或抑制微生物生长繁殖(  )。", "options": {"A": "消毒", "B": "无菌", "C": "抑菌", "D": "防腐"}, "answer": "防腐", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,40岁。低热、乏力伴消瘦1个月,查体:右颈部锁骨下淋巴结肿大,CT示中纵隔伴右侧肺门实性肿物,纵隔淋巴结广泛肿大,血常规检查未见异常。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管囊肿", "B": "胸骨后甲状腺肿", "C": "食管囊肿", "D": "淋巴瘤"}, "answer": "淋巴瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "与包膜有关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "由肽聚糖构成", "B": "来源于宿主细胞", "C": "表面蛋白可刺激机体产生抗体", "D": "出芽释放"}, "answer": "由肽聚糖构成", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "最常见的女性生殖器结核为(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫颈结核", "B": "输卵管结核", "C": "子宫内膜结核", "D": "阴道结核"}, "answer": "输卵管结核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.以上哪项主要用于耐药金葡菌感染?(  )", "options": {"A": "头孢唑啉", "B": "头孢呋辛", "C": "头孢噻肟", "D": "头孢哌酮"}, "answer": "头孢唑啉", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.妊娠、糖尿病患者以及用广谱抗生素时易于发生(  )。", "options": {"A": "外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病", "B": "老年性阴道炎", "C": "幼女性阴道炎", "D": "阿米巴阴道炎"}, "answer": "外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.心肌梗死(  )。", "options": {"A": "梗死灶地图形", "B": "梗死灶锥体形", "C": "梗死灶节段状", "D": "梗死灶发生出血"}, "answer": "梗死灶地图形", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,35岁,因甲状腺肿块在当地行甲状腺肿块切除术后5天,病理学诊断为甲状腺乳头状癌Ⅱ级,对该患者的进一步处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "终身服用甲状腺素片", "B": "行放射性外照射", "C": "再次手术、行患侧全切及对侧全切", "D": "再次手术、行患侧全切,峡部切除及对侧大部切除"}, "answer": "再次手术、行患侧全切,峡部切除及对侧大部切除", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某年轻女患者因患左侧乳腺癌住院行根治术。术中同时为右侧乳房一个不明显硬节也做了常规冰冻病理切片,结果提示:右侧乳房小肿块部分癌变。此时,医生的最佳伦理选择是(  )。", "options": {"A": "依人道原则,立即行右乳大部分切除术", "B": "依有利原则,立即行右乳根治术", "C": "依知情同意原则,立即行右乳根治术", "D": "依知情同意原则,立即行右乳大部分切除术"}, "answer": "依知情同意原则,立即行右乳大部分切除术", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "确诊女性生殖道淋病奈瑟菌感染取分泌物的部位应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫腔", "B": "宫颈管", "C": "阴道口", "D": "阴道壁"}, "answer": "宫颈管", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "血小板数升高是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "血小板数高于80×109/L", "B": "血小板数高于10×109/L", "C": "血小板数高于300×109/L", "D": "血小板数高于400×109/L"}, "answer": "血小板数高于400×109/L", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,20天,过期产儿,出生时重4.2kg,哭声低哑,反应迟钝,食量少,黄疸未退,便秘,体重低,腹胀,该患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺功能减退症", "B": "苯丙酮尿症", "C": "先天愚型", "D": "黏多糖病"}, "answer": "甲状腺功能减退症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "含有分泌片的免疫球蛋白是(  )。", "options": {"A": "sIgA", "B": "IgD", "C": "IgE", "D": "IgM"}, "answer": "sIgA", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "最易发生DIC的急性非淋巴细胞白血病的亚型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "M1", "B": "M3", "C": "M4", "D": "M5"}, "answer": "M3", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,31岁。月经不规律3年,闭经7个月,溢乳2个月。对诊断最有价值的测定项目是(  )。", "options": {"A": "孕激素", "B": "雄激素", "C": "催乳素", "D": "雌激素"}, "answer": "催乳素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.对诊断功能亢进性甲状腺腺瘤有意义的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "弥漫性甲状腺肿大伴有血管杂音", "B": "甲状腺肿大、质硬,表面光滑", "C": "放射性核素扫描为热结节", "D": "放射性核素扫描为冷结节"}, "answer": "放射性核素扫描为热结节", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1岁小儿,低热7天,时有呕吐、咳嗽、烦躁。家中无结核病人,前囟稍隆起,颈有抵抗,心肺无异常,肝脾轻度肿大,脑脊液微混浊,白细胞350×106/L,N 0.30,L 0.70。蛋白定性阳性,氯化物85.5mmol/L,糖1.1mmol/L,结核菌素试验阴性。首先考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "化脓性脑膜炎", "B": "病毒性脑膜炎", "C": "结核性脑膜炎", "D": "隐球菌性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "结核性脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "激活胰液中胰蛋白酶原的为下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "胆盐", "B": "脂肪酸", "C": "蛋白水解产物", "D": "肠激活酶"}, "answer": "肠激活酶", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列为类风湿性关节炎的关节外表现,但应除外(  )。", "options": {"A": "Felty综合征", "B": "干燥综合征", "C": "巩膜炎", "D": "面部对称性水肿性红斑"}, "answer": "面部对称性水肿性红斑", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,36岁,4年前车祸外伤导致左股骨颈骨折,急诊行闭合复位螺钉内固定术,1年前逐渐出现左髋疼痛,行走时加重,髋部活动受限,最可能出现的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "髋关节感染", "B": "股骨头坏死", "C": "股骨颈骨折不愈合", "D": "骨关节炎"}, "answer": "股骨头坏死", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,30岁,右髋部疼痛1年,伴低热、盗汗、纳差及体重减轻。查体:右髋关节呈屈曲畸形,活动受限,Thomas征(+),ESR 30mm/h。X线片示右髋关节间隙变窄,关节面有骨质破坏,右髋臼有2cm大小空洞,内有坏死骨片。3.下述对穿刺进针部位的选择哪一项最正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "于脓肿低位处", "B": "脓肿波动明显处", "C": "于脓肿外周健康皮肤处", "D": "只要能抽出脓液,进针部位不限"}, "answer": "于脓肿外周健康皮肤处", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "出血热患者少尿7天,BUN32mmol/L,脉洪大,黑粪,化验结果显示血小板明显减少,此时首先要考虑病人合并(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿毒症", "B": "电解质紊乱,酸中毒", "C": "高血容量综合征", "D": "消化道出血"}, "answer": "消化道出血", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述不是抗原的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "类毒素", "B": "细菌", "C": "变性的眼晶体蛋白", "D": "青霉素"}, "answer": "青霉素", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性胃炎的临床表现不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "黄疸", "B": "消化道出血", "C": "上腹痛", "D": "恶心"}, "answer": "黄疸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女性,28岁。停经55d,伴恶心、呕吐,妇科检查:子宫增大约妊娠50d,双倒附件(-)。1.该病例首选辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B超", "B": "基础体温测定", "C": "宫颈黏液检查", "D": "黄体酮试验"}, "answer": "B超", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.低渗性脱水,第1日应输(  )。", "options": {"A": "等张含钠液", "B": "2/3张含钠液", "C": "1/3张含钠液", "D": "1/4张含钠液"}, "answer": "2/3张含钠液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肝癌一般不转移到(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹膜", "B": "脾", "C": "肺", "D": "脑"}, "answer": "脾", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.血液凝固的实质是生成了(  )。", "options": {"A": "Na+", "B": "葡萄糖", "C": "白蛋白", "D": "纤维蛋白"}, "answer": "纤维蛋白", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "哪型肝炎易发展为坏死后性肝硬化?(  )", "options": {"A": "急性重型", "B": "急性普通型", "C": "亚急性重型", "D": "慢性持续型"}, "answer": "亚急性重型", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.肌肉拉力可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "病理性骨折", "B": "疲劳性骨折", "C": "压缩性骨折", "D": "撕脱性骨折"}, "answer": "撕脱性骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "我国急性胰腺炎的主要病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性酒精中毒", "B": "胆道系统疾病", "C": "胰管阻塞", "D": "饥饿"}, "answer": "胆道系统疾病", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "最突出的慢性粒细胞白血病的体征为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝肿大", "B": "脾肿大", "C": "胸骨压痛", "D": "浅表淋巴结肿大"}, "answer": "脾肿大", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "我国城市饮用水卫生标准规定(  )。", "options": {"A": "每ml水中细菌总数不得超过10个", "B": "每ml水中细菌总数不得超过100个", "C": "每100ml水中细菌总数不得超过10个", "D": "每500ml水中细菌总数不得超过10个"}, "answer": "每ml水中细菌总数不得超过100个", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小婴儿化脓性脑膜炎怀疑合并硬膜下积液,首选的诊断方法为(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅脑B超检查", "B": "颅透光检查", "C": "试验性硬膜下穿刺", "D": "腰穿行脑脊液检查"}, "answer": "颅透光检查", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.酮体利用的关键酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HMGCoA合成酶", "B": "HMGCoA还原酶", "C": "琥珀酰CoA转硫酶", "D": "己糖激酶"}, "answer": "琥珀酰CoA转硫酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.痉挛性偏瘫(  )。", "options": {"A": "跨阈步态", "B": "醉汉步态", "C": "剪刀样步态", "D": "划圈样步态下述病变引起"}, "answer": "划圈样步态下述病变引起", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.用于杀灭肝细胞内迟发型疟原虫病的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "喹诺酮类药物", "B": "吡喹酮", "C": "氯喹", "D": "伯氨喹"}, "answer": "伯氨喹", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "膜性肾小球肾炎的主要病理特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球基底膜弥漫性增厚并有钉突形成", "B": "肾小球系膜细胞增生、基底膜增厚及分层", "C": "肾小球局灶性硬化", "D": "肾小球脏层上皮细胞足突消失"}, "answer": "肾小球基底膜弥漫性增厚并有钉突形成", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,男,8岁。剧烈运动后胸闷,气短1个月。查体:心前区未触及震颤,胸骨左缘2~3肋间闻及3/6级收缩期喷射性杂音,P2增强、固定分裂。2.心脏杂音形成的最直接原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺动脉瓣明显狭窄", "B": "经肺动脉瓣血流量增多", "C": "主动脉瓣相对狭窄", "D": "血液经房间隔缺损自左房流入右房"}, "answer": "血液经房间隔缺损自左房流入右房", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "营养性缺铁性贫血反映贮铁指标的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清铁", "B": "血清铁蛋白", "C": "红细胞游离原卟啉", "D": "血红蛋白"}, "answer": "血清铁蛋白", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性肾衰少尿期最主要的电解质紊乱是(  )。", "options": {"A": "水中毒", "B": "高钾血症", "C": "高镁血症", "D": "低钾血症"}, "answer": "高钾血症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "生产经营用于传染病防治的消毒产品,须经以下哪个部门的审批?(  )", "options": {"A": "县级以上人民政府", "B": "市级以上人民政府卫生行政部门", "C": "省级以上人民政府卫生行政部门", "D": "省级以上人民政府"}, "answer": "省级以上人民政府卫生行政部门", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "病人在旷野里听到两个人因为买一件物品而争吵不休,各说各的理,此病人是(  )。", "options": {"A": "争论性幻听", "B": "命令性幻听", "C": "指令性幻听", "D": "思维鸣响"}, "answer": "争论性幻听", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "10个月女婴,单纯母乳喂养,面色渐苍白2个月,烦躁、食欲不佳,不愿活动,肝肋下2cm,Hb 70g/L,RBC 3.6×1012/L,MCV 70fl,MCH 23pg,MCHC 29%,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "营养性巨幼红细胞贫血", "B": "营养性缺铁性贫血", "C": "再生障碍性贫血", "D": "铁幼粒红细胞贫血"}, "answer": "营养性缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "病人将一盏灯看成是一个牛头,此症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "空间知觉障碍", "B": "错觉", "C": "妄想", "D": "非真实感"}, "answer": "错觉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,33岁。因急性坏疽性阑尾炎行阑尾切除,术后第10天出现发热,体温39.2℃,腹胀、恶心,肛门有下坠感,里急后重,曾排便4次,为黏液样便。2.诊断明确后,除抗感染和支持疗法外,以下处理措施应首选的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "经下腹正中切口进入腹腔引流", "B": "经直肠穿刺抽液定位后切开引流", "C": "经原麦氏切口进入腹腔引流", "D": "温盐水加甲硝唑保留灌肠"}, "answer": "经直肠穿刺抽液定位后切开引流", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,40岁。眼睑下垂,全身无力3年。服用溴吡斯的明有效,近两日感冒后突感胸闷,今日上午气促,口唇发绀。下列处理中,哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "立即停用抗胆碱酯酶药物", "B": "肌注新斯的明", "C": "气管切开,人工呼吸", "D": "静脉补液,维持水、电解质平衡"}, "answer": "肌注新斯的明", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.用来鉴定RNA的技术是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Northern印迹杂交", "B": "Southern印迹杂交", "C": "Western印迹杂交", "D": "离子交换层析"}, "answer": "Northern印迹杂交", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是具有特异性杀伤作用的细胞?(  )", "options": {"A": "LAK细胞", "B": "NK细胞", "C": "CTL细胞", "D": "中性粒细胞"}, "answer": "CTL细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "我国母婴保健法的立法宗旨是(  )。", "options": {"A": "保障母亲和儿童的健康,提高人口素质", "B": "保障妇女和儿童的健康,提高人口素质", "C": "保证优生优育,提高人口素质", "D": "保障母亲和婴儿的健康,提高出生人口素质"}, "answer": "保障母亲和婴儿的健康,提高出生人口素质", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,20岁,发热伴鼻出血5d。查体全身淋巴结肿大,皮肤散在出血斑,肝肋下2cm,脾肋下3cm,血红蛋白80g/L,白细胞12×109/L,血小板40×109/L,骨髓增生活跃,原始细胞占0.80,过氧化物酶染色阴性,非特异性酯酶阴性。以下哪种方案为首选?(  )", "options": {"A": "HA", "B": "CHOP", "C": "VP", "D": "DA"}, "answer": "VP", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "具有麻醉药品处方资格的执业医师违反规定开具麻醉药品造成严重后果的,卫生行政部门依法对其做出的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "暂停执业半年", "B": "吊销执业证书", "C": "取消麻醉药品处方资格", "D": "警告"}, "answer": "吊销执业证书", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪项是颈椎椎体骨折多发部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "C3~4", "B": "C5~7", "C": "C8~T8", "D": "环枢椎"}, "answer": "C5~7", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者出现慢性膀胱刺激症,静脉造影显示右上盏破坏,下列哪个疾病最有可能?(  )", "options": {"A": "膀胱炎", "B": "肾结核", "C": "膀胱肿瘤并感染", "D": "肾盂肾炎"}, "answer": "肾结核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,50岁。突发眼底出血1小时。高血压病史10年。规律服用降压药1年,平时血压140/95~100mmHg。查体:BP210/120mmHg,结膜无出血、充血。双肺呼吸音清,心率90次/分,律齐,双下肢无水肿。治疗宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服美托洛尔", "B": "静脉滴注硝普钠", "C": "口服卡托普利", "D": "肌肉注射利舍平"}, "answer": "静脉滴注硝普钠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,27岁,心悸气短,胸闷、胸痛、晕厥。查体:胸骨左缘第3肋间3/6级收缩期杂音,超声:室间隔:左室后壁为1.5:1。SAM(+)。3.肥厚型心肌病的治疗考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "安装DDD起搏器", "B": "射频消融术", "C": "狭窄处球囊成形术", "D": "冠脉内旋磨内支架术"}, "answer": "安装DDD起搏器", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性炎症时局部组织肿胀的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "组织细胞变质", "B": "组织细胞增生", "C": "肉芽组织增生", "D": "血管充血及液体渗出"}, "answer": "血管充血及液体渗出", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,53岁,咳嗽,咳痰带血,胸片纵隔阴影增宽,有占位性病变,支气管镜取材活检,见支气管黏膜鳞状上皮化生,部分细胞异型性明显,有间桥,并见病理性核分裂象。该患者的正确诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺癌", "B": "鳞状细胞癌", "C": "小细胞癌", "D": "大细胞癌"}, "answer": "鳞状细胞癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某村发生一起民居垮塌事故,重伤者9人,急送乡卫生院抢救。市中心血站根据该院用血要求,急送一批无偿献血的血液到该院。抢救结束后,尚余900ml血液,该院却将它出售给另一医疗机构。根据《献血法》规定,对于乡卫生院的这一违法行为,县卫生局除了应当没收其违法所得外,还可以对其处以罚款(  )。", "options": {"A": "10万元以下", "B": "5万元以下", "C": "3万元以下", "D": "5千元以下"}, "answer": "10万元以下", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "治疗肝癌的首选方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝切除", "B": "介入治疗", "C": "放疗", "D": "放疗+化疗"}, "answer": "肝切除", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.急淋基本诱导化疗方案(  )。", "options": {"A": "VP方案", "B": "输浓缩红细胞", "C": "口服别嘌呤醇", "D": "鞘内注射甲氨蝶呤"}, "answer": "VP方案", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.缺乏现实刺激时的知觉体验(  )。", "options": {"A": "幻觉", "B": "错觉", "C": "内感性不适", "D": "感知综合障碍"}, "answer": "幻觉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,32岁。突发上腹剧痛2小时,蔓延至右下腹及全腹。既往有“胃痛”病史十余年,未诊治。查体:板块腹,压痛、反跳痛(+),肝浊音界消失。3.决定是否手术治疗,术前最长的观察治疗时间(指上腹剧痛后)是(  )。", "options": {"A": "6~8小时", "B": "10~12小时", "C": "14~16小时", "D": "1~2小时"}, "answer": "6~8小时", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "发生突发公共卫生事件时,医疗机构的应急反应措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "评价应急处理措施效果", "B": "督导、检查应急处理措施的落实情况", "C": "开展患者接诊、收治和转运工作", "D": "开展突发公共卫生事件的调查与处理"}, "answer": "开展患者接诊、收治和转运工作", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男青年甲,22岁,经婚前医学检查,发现患有梅毒。1.患梅毒的情况下,青年甲(  )。", "options": {"A": "可以暂缓结婚", "B": "可以结婚", "C": "应当暂缓结婚", "D": "可以结婚,必须同时接受治疗"}, "answer": "应当暂缓结婚", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列疾病治疗后最易继发肛瘘的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肛周脓肿", "B": "外痔", "C": "肛裂", "D": "混合痔"}, "answer": "肛周脓肿", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "活化的单核巨噬细胞(  )。", "options": {"A": "是细胞介导免疫的非特异性组成成分", "B": "杀伤黑色素瘤细胞比结肠癌细胞效果好", "C": "不能用于过继性细胞免疫治疗", "D": "破坏正常组织细胞"}, "answer": "是细胞介导免疫的非特异性组成成分", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "慢性骨髓炎的治疗原则不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "清除瘢痕和肉芽组织", "B": "消灭死腔", "C": "改善局部血液循环", "D": "切除新生包壳"}, "answer": "切除新生包壳", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在呼吸科的某一病房,同时住进两名诊断肺脓肿的病人甲、乙。甲、乙的家属都在病房陪护。甲、乙的同事多人到病房看望。第三天确诊甲为开放性肺结核。根据国家规定,有关单位应当对谁采取有效防护措施和医疗保健措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "甲的同事", "B": "甲的家属", "C": "甲的主治医生", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "甲的主治医生", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "县医院接乡下电话,急要救护车接产后大出血病人,院值班干部通知了司机,便没再催促。司机接通知后,称风小些再去,病人家属着急,在要车40分钟后,在公路上截了一辆农用四轮车拉到县医院,20分钟到县医院,门诊医生直接送到病房,病房医生按失血休克紧急处置,30分钟病人死亡。此事故的责任主体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "救护车司机", "B": "值班干部", "C": "病房医生", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "救护车司机", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,27岁,皮肤反复出紫癜半年来诊。体检:巩膜无黄染,胸骨无压痛,肝脾未触及,血红蛋白100g/L,白细胞3.8×109/L,分类淋巴细胞占60%,中性粒细胞40%,血小板40×109/L,骨髓象增生活跃,粒系占28%,红系占10%,淋巴系占52%,成熟浆细胞7%,组织嗜碱细胞3%,巨核细胞2个,无病态造血,Ham试验(-),网织红细胞0.8%。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多发性骨髓瘤", "B": "阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿", "C": "脾功能亢进", "D": "再生障碍性贫血"}, "answer": "再生障碍性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "临床用血质量的优劣与下列哪项因素有密切关系?(  )", "options": {"A": "血袋的包装", "B": "血袋的储存", "C": "血袋包装上的采血日期、有效期等", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "拟应用抗菌药物来预防手术后感染时,一般原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "术前应用三天.术后继用三天", "B": "术前和术中各给一次,术后继用1~2天", "C": "术前不用,术后应用三天", "D": "术前不用,术后应用至伤口拆线"}, "answer": "术前和术中各给一次,术后继用1~2天", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "锥体系统病损最确切的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌束震颤", "B": "肌张力增高", "C": "肌张力减低", "D": "Babinski征(+)"}, "answer": "Babinski征(+)", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "免疫功能失调可导致(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫缺陷导致感染", "B": "超敏反应", "C": "自身免疫病", "D": "以上均是"}, "answer": "以上均是", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "《突发公共卫生事件应急条例》规定,医疗卫生机构应当对传染病做到(  )。", "options": {"A": "早发现、早观察、早隔离、早治疗", "B": "早报告、早观察、早治疗、早康复", "C": "早发现、早报告、早隔离、早治疗", "D": "早预防、早发现、早治疗、早康复"}, "answer": "早发现、早报告、早隔离、早治疗", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列有关糖、脂肪、蛋白质互变的叙述中,哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "糖可转变为脂肪", "B": "脂肪可转变为蛋白质", "C": "蛋白质可转变为糖", "D": "葡萄糖可转变为非必需氨基酸的碳架部分"}, "answer": "脂肪可转变为蛋白质", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不是白喉杆菌特性的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "产生外毒素引起心肌炎", "B": "用抗毒素可以进行预防", "C": "锡克氏试验阳性说明机体有了免疫力", "D": "只有携带β-棒状杆菌噬菌体的白喉杆菌才能产生外毒素"}, "answer": "锡克氏试验阳性说明机体有了免疫力", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,55岁,里急后重、排便不尽感5个月,大便带血近1个月,查体:T 36.5℃,P 80次/分,R 18次/分,BP 120/80mmHg,双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿啰音,心率80次/分,心律齐,腹软,无压痛,直肠指诊:膝胸位,进指6cm,于直肠右侧壁触及柔软光滑有包块。对于诊断最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "盆腔CT", "B": "结肠X线钡灌肠检查", "C": "经直肠B超", "D": "结肠镜"}, "answer": "结肠镜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于霍乱肠毒素,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "最强烈的致泻外毒素", "B": "B亚单位为毒性单位", "C": "可使细胞内腺苷酸环化酶水平升高", "D": "导致霍乱病人粪便呈米泔水样"}, "answer": "B亚单位为毒性单位", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "交通事故,右髋关节疼痛,不能活动,查体发现右髋关节屈曲内收、内旋畸形,诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "股骨颈骨折", "B": "股骨头骨折", "C": "髋关节脱位", "D": "股骨上端骨折"}, "answer": "髋关节脱位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,68岁。2型糖尿病病史14年,血压升高7年,视物模糊3年,渐进性水肿1年。BP 170/95mmHg,尿RBC(-),尿蛋白3.8g/d,血肌酐182μmol/L,B超示双肾大小正常。1.最可能的临床诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾小球肾炎", "B": "慢性肾小球肾炎", "C": "原发性肾病综合征", "D": "糖尿病肾病"}, "answer": "糖尿病肾病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "描述医德规范有误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医德规范是医德基本原则的具体体现", "B": "医德规范是医务人员的行为标准", "C": "医德规范是判断医德行为的善恶标准", "D": "医德规范是圣人贤哲头脑中的“良知良能”"}, "answer": "医德规范是圣人贤哲头脑中的“良知良能”", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "29岁初产妇,妊娠39周,于晨4时临产,10时宫口开大3cm,20时宫口开大7cm,应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "潜伏期延长", "B": "活跃期延长", "C": "活跃期停滞", "D": "第二产程延长"}, "answer": "活跃期延长", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "导致肾性骨病的病因中,下列哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "缺乏活性维生素D3", "B": "继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进", "C": "铝中毒", "D": "铁负荷减少"}, "answer": "铁负荷减少", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.真核基因转录产物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "DNA序列", "B": "蛋白质", "C": "单顺反子", "D": "阻遏型操纵子"}, "answer": "单顺反子", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "门静脉高压症的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右心衰竭", "B": "下腔静脉阻塞", "C": "肝硬化", "D": "各种原因致脾静脉血流量过大"}, "answer": "肝硬化", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于梅毒的传染方式,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "梅毒病人是惟一的传染源", "B": "性接触是主要的传染方式", "C": "输血可传染梅毒", "D": "接吻、哺乳不会传染"}, "answer": "接吻、哺乳不会传染", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性前间壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者ST段抬高的导联为(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅰ、aVL", "B": "V3R~V5R", "C": "V1~V3", "D": "Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF"}, "answer": "V1~V3", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.组织损伤后,由其邻近的健康细胞分裂增生完成修复的过程(  )。", "options": {"A": "化生", "B": "机化", "C": "再生", "D": "增生"}, "answer": "再生", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,28岁,平时性格拘谨、认真,3个月前开始见到刀具就担心会持刀伤害家人和自己,为此不敢去厨房做家务,明知这种想法不合理,但无法控制自己,深感苦恼,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "恐惧症", "B": "癔症", "C": "强迫症", "D": "心理疾病"}, "answer": "强迫症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,20岁。因乏力、纳差1个月,尿少、水肿及高血压1周。实验室检查发现贫血、血尿、蛋白尿,补体C3正常,血肌酐和尿素氮均升高。B超双肾增大,临床诊断为急性肾衰竭。2.如抗肾小球基底膜抗体和抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体均阴性,下列疾病最可能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "过敏性紫癜肾", "B": "肺出血肾炎综合征", "C": "急性链球菌感染后肾小球肾炎", "D": "Ⅱ型急进性肾炎"}, "answer": "Ⅱ型急进性肾炎", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,45岁。进行性呼吸困难半年。无咳嗽,咯血及胸痛。查体,BP 110/75mmHg。口唇发绀,颈静脉怒张。双肺呼吸音清,心界无扩大,心率92次/分。P2亢进,三尖瓣区可触及抬举样搏动。双下肢轻度水肿。为明确诊断,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "超声心动图", "B": "心电图", "C": "肺通气/灌注扫描", "D": "肺功能"}, "answer": "超声心动图", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,35岁。腹胀、便秘、乏力6个月。1周来症状加重伴呕吐。查体:T 37.6℃,右腹可触及5cm×3cm大小包块,质中等,边界不清,轻触痛。胸片示右侧胸膜肥厚,右上肺钙化灶。首先考虑的临床诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右侧卵巢肿物", "B": "肠结核", "C": "克罗恩病", "D": "阑尾周围脓肿"}, "answer": "肠结核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,38岁。血压21.3/12.6kPa(160/95mmHg),Hb 80g/L,尿蛋白(+),颗粒管型2~3个/HP,BUN 10mmol/L,Cr 220μmol/L。对该患者不宜采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低钠饮食", "B": "高蛋白饮食", "C": "低蛋白饮食", "D": "低磷饮食"}, "answer": "高蛋白饮食", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.异烟肼的主要副作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "关节痛", "B": "听神经损害", "C": "球后视神经炎", "D": "多发性神经炎"}, "answer": "多发性神经炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "与黏膜免疫应答密切相关的免疫球蛋白是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgG", "B": "IgA", "C": "IgD", "D": "IgM"}, "answer": "IgA", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.已用氯霉素而未能确诊的疑似伤寒病人最好采用(  )。", "options": {"A": "血培养", "B": "骨髓培养", "C": "尿培养", "D": "胆汁培养"}, "answer": "骨髓培养", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,30岁,持续高热2周后入院,查体:T 39.8℃,呼吸86次/分,神志清楚,表情淡漠,面色苍白,前胸部可见散在红色斑丘疹,脾肋下可及。2.为确诊最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "出血热病毒抗体", "B": "肥达反应", "C": "血涂片查疟原虫", "D": "血细菌培养"}, "answer": "血细菌培养", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,35岁,诊断为酒精所致精神障碍。入院后感到身体表面有许多虫子在皮肤上爬行,骚痒难忍,焦躁不安,此症状最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "幻触", "B": "本体幻觉", "C": "感觉倒错", "D": "错觉"}, "answer": "幻触", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "6岁患儿,因发热3周,双膝关节痛2周入院。查体:T38℃,P101次/分,咽稍充血,心肺(-),双膝关节红、肿,活动受限,化验血沉98mm/h,CRP阳性,心电图示P-R间期延长。为证实风湿热的诊断,需化验的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿常规", "B": "粘蛋白", "C": "ASO", "D": "血清抗核抗体"}, "answer": "ASO", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "Ⅰ型干扰素的生物学活性应除外下列哪项(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制病毒的复制", "B": "增强NK细胞的活性", "C": "促进MHCⅠ类分子表达", "D": "促进MHCⅡ类分子表达"}, "answer": "促进MHCⅡ类分子表达", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女患者,体重60kg,因外伤引起急性出血约2000ml,经手术止血并在应用晶体液和人造胶体液补足血容量(血压已稳定)的基础上,宜输注下列哪种血制品?(  )", "options": {"A": "红细胞悬液", "B": "保存全血", "C": "洗涤红细胞", "D": "新鲜冰冻血浆"}, "answer": "红细胞悬液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于脂肪吸收的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脂肪消化产物只有与胆盐形成混合微胶粒后才能到达肠绒毛表面", "B": "脂肪酸、甘油一酯与胆盐一同进入肠上皮细胞内", "C": "长链脂肪酸和甘油一酯在肠上皮细胞内重新合成为甘油三酯", "D": "脂肪的吸收以淋巴途径为主"}, "answer": "脂肪酸、甘油一酯与胆盐一同进入肠上皮细胞内", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "雌激素和孕激素作用的共同点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使子宫内膜腺体分泌", "B": "使子宫内膜增生", "C": "加强子宫、输卵管平滑肌收缩", "D": "刺激机体产热"}, "answer": "使子宫内膜增生", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "原发性甲亢手术时一般需切除腺体的(  )。", "options": {"A": "10%~20%", "B": "20%~30%", "C": "41.1%~50%", "D": "80%~90%"}, "answer": "80%~90%", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "碘缺乏对健康影响除了甲状腺肿大外,还可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝脏损害", "B": "免疫功能低下", "C": "发育障碍", "D": "骨代谢障碍"}, "answer": "发育障碍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.肝素、双香豆素(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗凝治疗", "B": "溶栓治疗", "C": "血液稀释疗法", "D": "脑代谢活化剂"}, "answer": "抗凝治疗", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "血浆胶体渗透压降低时可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿少", "B": "组织液增多", "C": "组织液减少", "D": "红细胞膨胀和破裂"}, "answer": "组织液增多", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.与细菌粘附作用相关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "普通菌毛", "B": "荚膜", "C": "芽胞", "D": "鞭毛"}, "answer": "普通菌毛", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "美国一女患者,患有严重的脑综合征、慢性褥疮、心脏病、糖尿病等,对环境没有感觉,只有原始的脑功能,有自主呼吸,没有认识、行为能力,且无改善的希望,住院不久即插入鼻饲管以维持生命。她的监护人要求取走鼻饲管,被主管医师拒绝,监护人向法院起诉要求强迫取走,法院同意并下令取走;但受理上诉的法院否定了这个决定,认为中止喂饲就是杀人。3年后,女患者死亡,她的鼻饲管仍保留着。1.主管医师拒绝患者监护人的请求,是因为:医疗行为必须体现(  )。", "options": {"A": "生命神圣", "B": "医乃仁术", "C": "尊重患者自主原则", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "休克型肺炎最常见的病原菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "军团菌", "B": "肺炎球菌", "C": "肺炎支原体", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "肺炎球菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.新生儿中度贫血(  )。", "options": {"A": "Hb140~120g/L", "B": "Hb120~90g/L", "C": "Hb90~60g/L", "D": "Hb<30g/L"}, "answer": "Hb120~90g/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "细胞在接受一次刺激产生兴奋的一段时间内兴奋性的变化,不包括下述哪期?(  )", "options": {"A": "相对不应期", "B": "超常期", "C": "恢复期", "D": "低常期"}, "answer": "恢复期", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,67岁。因右侧胸腔积液给予规律三联试验性抗结核治疗2个月,近2天出现视力异常。导致上述表现最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "类赫氏反应", "B": "溶血尿毒综合征", "C": "乙胺丁醇不良反应", "D": "异烟肼不良反应"}, "answer": "乙胺丁醇不良反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,68岁。高血压病史20年,发现尿蛋白3年,尿比重1.010,红细胞0~1/HP,尿蛋白0.45g/d。尿蛋白分析β2-MG、α-MG升高。该患者蛋白尿属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "组织性", "B": "溢出性", "C": "肾小管性", "D": "功能性"}, "answer": "肾小管性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小肝癌是指肿块长径小于等于(  )。", "options": {"A": "1cm", "B": "3cm", "C": "4cm", "D": "5cm"}, "answer": "5cm", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "韦克斯勒智力测验主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "推理与思维测验", "B": "表达与心理测验", "C": "行为与思维测验", "D": "言语与操作量表测验"}, "answer": "言语与操作量表测验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是诊断恶性肿瘤的主要形态学依据?(  )", "options": {"A": "组织结构紊乱", "B": "胞浆嗜碱性", "C": "细胞核多形性", "D": "出血坏死"}, "answer": "细胞核多形性", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不属于评定量表的特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "都是以自评的形式进行", "B": "材料无严格限制", "C": "简便易用", "D": "偏重于实用"}, "answer": "都是以自评的形式进行", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,26岁,外伤致肱骨中下1/3骨折,来院检查时发现有垂腕、垂指畸形。1.该患者合并哪条神经损伤?(  )", "options": {"A": "臂丛神经损伤", "B": "尺神经损伤", "C": "桡神经损伤", "D": "正中神经、尺神经同时损伤"}, "answer": "桡神经损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.不能做全身应用,而只能外用的糖皮质激索是(  )。", "options": {"A": "地塞米松", "B": "可的松", "C": "氟轻松", "D": "甲泼尼龙"}, "answer": "氟轻松", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.右侧阴囊内肿块,质硬,无触痛,有沉重感,透光试验阴性。最可能的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "交通性鞘膜积液", "B": "精索鞘膜积液", "C": "腹股沟疝", "D": "睾丸肿瘤"}, "answer": "睾丸肿瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "已婚妇女,26岁。月经规律,停经50天,今晨出现一侧下腹部痛伴肛门坠胀感,血压90/60mmHg。该患者此时有诊断价值的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹肌紧张", "B": "宫颈举痛,后穹窿饱满", "C": "双合诊黑加征(+)", "D": "腹部移动性浊音(-)"}, "answer": "宫颈举痛,后穹窿饱满", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.医疗事故(  )。", "options": {"A": "医生、患者各自的权利与义务", "B": "医患之间就医疗某环节产生认识上的分歧,且患方提出损害赔偿", "C": "医务人员疏忽大意违反卫生法律相关规定,给患者造成明显人身伤害", "D": "为避免患者的生命健康利益受到损害,医疗机构或医务人员自愿为患者提供医疗服务的行"}, "answer": "医务人员疏忽大意违反卫生法律相关规定,给患者造成明显人身伤害", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,28岁。腹痛10小时。起初上腹痛伴恶心、呕吐,之后局限在右下腹,持续性痛伴阵发性加剧。1小时前腹痛从右下腹扩散到全腹,发热。查体:T 39.1℃,急性病容,全腹肌紧张,压痛和反跳痛(+),右下腹最明显。血常规:WBC 19.1×109/L,N 0.91。考虑病情变化的主要解剖学基础是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阑尾动脉为终末血管,出现梗塞缺血坏死", "B": "阑尾黏膜内有丰富淋巴系统,出现肿胀梗阻", "C": "阑尾蠕动慢而弱,进入的残渣和粪便嵌顿引起坏死", "D": "阑尾长,阑尾系膜短,出现扭转坏死"}, "answer": "阑尾动脉为终末血管,出现梗塞缺血坏死", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,49岁。刺激性咳嗽5个月,视物不清10天。胸片示左肺上叶尖段边缘直径8cm不规则块状阴影,此病变造成的颈交感神经综合征不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "瞳孔缩小", "B": "眼球内陷", "C": "声音嘶哑", "D": "上眼睑下垂"}, "answer": "声音嘶哑", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,30岁。因宫外孕休克入院手术治疗。体检;面色苍白,出冷汗,心率140次/min,血压8.0/5.3kPa(60/40mmHg),经充分准备后进行手术,手术后24小时尿量降为每日300ml,血压已恢复正常,血Cr为600μmol/L,48小时后血Cr为750μmol/L。2.决定是否需要紧急透析最重要的指征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血钠测定", "B": "血BUN测定", "C": "血钾测定", "D": "红细胞压积测定"}, "answer": "血钾测定", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.属于病人角色行为异常(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人否认自己有病", "B": "病人疾病已康复,仍不愿意脱离病人角色", "C": "病人从事了不应承担的活动", "D": "病人因疾病痛苦而自杀"}, "answer": "病人因疾病痛苦而自杀", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎病变主要累及(  )。", "options": {"A": "软脑膜", "B": "硬脑膜", "C": "大脑皮质", "D": "大脑灰质"}, "answer": "软脑膜", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿3岁,近1年多,哭甚时出现青紫,查体:心前区隆起,胸骨左缘第3~4肋间闻及Ⅳ级收缩期杂音,可触及震颤,X线检查示:左右心室及左心房增大,肺血管影增多,肺动脉段凸出。2.此患儿如决定手术必须做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心电图", "B": "磁共振成像", "C": "心导管检查", "D": "超声心动图"}, "answer": "超声心动图", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,36岁。呕血1小时,患肝硬化门静脉高压症多年。查体:巩膜黄染,中等量腹水。血清蛋白25g/L,首先应选择的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "选择性门体分流术", "B": "三腔二囊管压迫止血", "C": "非选择性门体分流术", "D": "经颈静脉肝内门体分流术"}, "answer": "三腔二囊管压迫止血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.化脓性关节炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮色正常、皮温略高,表面静脉怒张", "B": "疼痛与压痛在长骨干骺端,压痛局限深在,红肿不明显", "C": "疼痛压痛在关节,红肿明显,关节活动障碍", "D": "疼痛与压痛表浅"}, "answer": "疼痛压痛在关节,红肿明显,关节活动障碍", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对白细胞正常值的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "正常成年人总数是4000~10000/ml", "B": "中性粒细胞约占白细胞总数的60%", "C": "淋巴细胞约占白细胞总数的30%", "D": "单核细胞约占白细胞总数的4%~8%"}, "answer": "正常成年人总数是4000~10000/ml", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.人乳头瘤病毒的传播方式是经(  )。", "options": {"A": "虫媒传播", "B": "性接触传播", "C": "消化道传播", "D": "血液传播"}, "answer": "性接触传播", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "按照希波克拉底对气质的分类,不属于气质类型的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多血质", "B": "黏液质", "C": "胆汁质", "D": "神经质"}, "answer": "神经质", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "药物的治疗指数是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "LD50与ED50的比", "B": "ED95与LD5的比", "C": "ED5与LD95的比", "D": "ED99与LD1的比"}, "answer": "LD50与ED50的比", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.淡漠型甲亢(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺疼痛", "B": "甲状腺触诊质硬", "C": "多见于老年人", "D": "宜手术治疗"}, "answer": "多见于老年人", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "20岁男性,2月初发病,主诉寒战、高热、剧烈头痛1天,曾呕吐3次。查体:神志清,体温39.8℃,颈强(±),皮肤有瘀点,咽部略充血,心肺腹无异常,克氏征(-)。血白细胞20×109/L,中性粒细胞0.85。腰穿脑脊液米汤样,Pandy(+++),细胞数3000×106/L,中性粒细胞0.8,糖1.12mmol/L(20mg%)。3.最有效的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素G", "B": "环丙沙星", "C": "头孢霉素", "D": "氯霉素"}, "answer": "青霉素G", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一位肿瘤病学专家在同事的协助下,为一肺癌病人做胸穿,抽出了1000毫升胸水。第二天早上交班时,这位专家问当班护士:此病人是什么时候做的胸穿?你注意观察了吗?病人的呼吸、心跳怎样?……护士有些紧张,答得不完全。这位专家说:这些内容医师要管,护士也要管,我们应共同努力。6.下述医师做法或叙述中,不符合“彼此信任、共同提高和发挥优势”这一原则的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "“医生的嘴,护士的腿”", "B": "医师发现检验师检验报告不合格,只是当着病人的面说些“水平太低了”的话,然后又开出另一种检验项目单,嘱病人去做", "C": "护士发现医嘱中有点疑问,及时向医师提出,医师认为护士多事,才上了几天班,你懂什么", "D": "上级主管部门就病人反映的某医师开CT检查单而分得“开单费”的违规问题而来调查情况时,因怕伤害朋友情面和影响科室创收,知情医师不配合"}, "answer": "医师发现检验师检验报告不合格,只是当着病人的面说些“水平太低了”的话,然后又开出另一种检验项目单,嘱病人去做", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "免疫荧光呈线形的肾炎是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膜性肾炎", "B": "IgA肾病", "C": "肺出血肾炎综合征", "D": "膜性增生性肾炎"}, "answer": "肺出血肾炎综合征", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "目前临床常用的戒烟药物包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "去甲替林", "B": "可乐定", "C": "阿司匹林", "D": "尼古丁贴片"}, "answer": "尼古丁贴片", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.产生IL-2的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Thl", "B": "Tc", "C": "NK", "D": "Mφ"}, "answer": "Thl", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,25岁,主因右膝关节肿痛2周就诊,腰痛3年,查体:右膝关节肿胀,有压痛,浮髌试验阳性,左侧“4”字征阳性,左侧骶髂关节压痛阳性。2.检查类风湿因子、抗“O”抗体均阴性,血沉28mm/h,HLA-B27阳性,骶髂关节X线片提示:左侧间隙狭窄,边缘不整,可见骨破坏,最可能诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "类风湿关节炎", "B": "骨关节炎", "C": "风湿性多肌炎", "D": "强直性脊柱炎"}, "answer": "强直性脊柱炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "治疗严重肝功能不全的病人不宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "氢化可的松", "B": "泼尼松龙", "C": "泼尼松", "D": "地塞米松"}, "answer": "泼尼松", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "惊厥性全身性癫痫持续状态必须从速控制发作,并保持不再复发的时间至少是(  )。", "options": {"A": "12h", "B": "24h", "C": "48h", "D": "72h"}, "answer": "24h", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "重度营养不良患儿调整饮食,每日开始供给的热量应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "126kJ(30kcal/kg)", "B": "167kJ(40kcal/kg)", "C": "209kJ(50kcal/kg)", "D": "251kJ(60kcal/kg)"}, "answer": "167kJ(40kcal/kg)", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项为中枢性尿崩症患者控制多尿最适宜的药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "垂体后叶素水剂", "B": "油剂鞣酸加压素", "C": "鞣酸加压素(长效尿崩停)", "D": "氯磺丙脲"}, "answer": "鞣酸加压素(长效尿崩停)", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,7岁,1日前患急性扁桃体炎,近10天不规则发热,咳嗽,咳粉红色泡沫痰,下肢浮肿,抗“O”增高,应诊为(  )。", "options": {"A": "风湿性心脏病,全心衰竭", "B": "急性大叶肺炎", "C": "风湿病,右心衰", "D": "肺淤血"}, "answer": "风湿性心脏病,全心衰竭", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4个月女孩,咳嗽、喘憋4天。查体:体温37℃,呼吸70次/分,有明显的鼻扇及三凹征,口唇周围发绀,两肺布满喘鸣音,底部有少许细湿啰音。胸部X线可见肺纹理增强,小片阴影及肺气肿。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "革兰阴性杆菌肺炎", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "C": "腺病毒肺炎", "D": "呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎"}, "answer": "呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医学伦理学公正原则要求对病人(  )。", "options": {"A": "充满耐心", "B": "一视同仁", "C": "充满爱心", "D": "充满责任心"}, "answer": "一视同仁", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,20岁,2月初发病,主诉寒战、高热、剧烈头痛一天,曾呕吐3次。体检:神志清,体温39.8℃,颈强(±),皮肤有瘀点,咽部略充血,心肺腹无异常,克氏征(+)。血白细胞20×109/L,中性粒细胞85%。腰穿脑脊液,米汤样,Pandy(+++),细胞数3000×106/L,中性80%,糖1.12mmol/L(20mg%)。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "流行性乙型脑炎", "B": "脑型疟疾", "C": "结核性脑膜炎", "D": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎"}, "answer": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性病人,15岁,近1个月来多尿,口渴多饮,消瘦,查空腹血糖18mmol/L,尿糖(++++),酮体(+);其母患糖尿病5年。查体:身高1.67m,体重45kg,心、肺、腹(-)。3.此病人的全天热卡摄入应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "2170~2480cal", "B": "1860~2170cal", "C": "2480cal以上", "D": "2170cal以下"}, "answer": "2170~2480cal", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,69岁。高血压冠心病病史12年。因发作性言语不能、右侧肢体麻木无力5天入院,共发作4次,每次持续约5~10分钟可自行缓解。入院时查体:血压170/90mmHg,神经系统无阳性定位体征。4.本例最合理的治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝素或低分子肝素抗凝治疗", "B": "迅速静滴降血压药", "C": "溶栓治疗", "D": "甘露醇脱水治疗"}, "answer": "肝素或低分子肝素抗凝治疗", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "以下哪项示结核性脑膜炎进入晚期?(  )", "options": {"A": "昏迷或强直性惊厥", "B": "脑膜刺激征", "C": "颅神经受损", "D": "腹壁反射消失"}, "answer": "昏迷或强直性惊厥", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不属固有免疫细胞的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "αβT细胞", "B": "NK细胞", "C": "NKT细胞", "D": "B1细胞"}, "answer": "αβT细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "格林一巴利综合征脑脊液蛋白、细胞分离现象出现的时间最多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "起病后1~2周", "B": "起病后第3周", "C": "起病后1个月", "D": "起病后2个月"}, "answer": "起病后第3周", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.能感受循环血量改变的容量感受器位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "入球小动脉", "B": "近球小体", "C": "颈动脉体和主动脉体", "D": "左心房和腔静脉"}, "answer": "左心房和腔静脉", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男孩,6岁。高热伴剧烈咳嗽6天。既往体健,规范接种疫苗。查体:一般状况好,无明显呼吸困难,右中下肺呼吸音减低。胸部X线片示肺部薄云雾状浸润影,右侧胸腔少许积液。实验室检查:血WBC 5.6×109/L,N 0.34,L 0.66,PPD试验(-)。其最可能感染的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎支原体", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "C": "腺病毒", "D": "肺炎链球菌"}, "answer": "肺炎支原体", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "中枢神经系统白血病多发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性髓性白血病", "B": "慢性髓性白血病", "C": "急性淋巴细胞白血病", "D": "慢性淋巴细胞白血病"}, "answer": "急性淋巴细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一患儿以肠梗阻入院手术,术中医师将膀胱认作囊肿切除,造成患儿储尿、排尿功能严重受损。该事件中,医师的行为属(  )。", "options": {"A": "意外事件", "B": "直接故意", "C": "间接故意", "D": "过失"}, "answer": "过失", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对医术与医德之间关系的理解有误的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "“大医精诚”", "B": "有能力做的就应该去做", "C": "临床医学决策同时也是伦理决策", "D": "前沿医学技术应用于临床必须有医德参与"}, "answer": "有能力做的就应该去做", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪项在血浆蛋白质中含量最多?(  )", "options": {"A": "清蛋白", "B": "α2-球蛋白", "C": "β-球蛋白", "D": "γ-球蛋白"}, "answer": "清蛋白", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "25岁初产妇,妊娠39周,阵发性腹痛20小时,10~12分钟宫缩一次,持续30秒,宫口开大2cm。1.出现上述临床表现的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫收缩对称性异常", "B": "子宫收缩节律性异常", "C": "子宫收缩极性异常", "D": "腹肌和膈肌收缩力异常"}, "answer": "子宫收缩节律性异常", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有甲乙两患者,甲患者左心室舒张末期容积为140mL,收缩末期容积为56mL;乙患者左室舒张末期容积为160mL,收缩末期容积为64mL,两者的射血分数相比较为(  )。", "options": {"A": "相等", "B": "乙患者高于甲患者", "C": "甲患者高于乙患者", "D": "均高于正常"}, "answer": "相等", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,60岁,二尖瓣狭窄约15年,近日呼吸困难加重,咳粉红色泡沫痰。不符合患者肺病理变化的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺泡内大量纤维素渗出", "B": "肺泡腔内大量蛋白性液体", "C": "肺泡壁毛细血管扩张", "D": "肺泡腔内可见心力衰竭细胞"}, "answer": "肺泡内大量纤维素渗出", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "原核及真核生物调节基因表达的共同意义是为适应环境,维持(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞分裂", "B": "细胞分化", "C": "个体发育", "D": "器官分化"}, "answer": "细胞分裂", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.新生儿期苯丙酮尿症的筛查(  )。", "options": {"A": "Guthrie细菌生长抑制试验", "B": "尿三氯化铁试验", "C": "血浆游离氨基酸分析", "D": "尿蝶呤分析"}, "answer": "Guthrie细菌生长抑制试验", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.结肠手术术前准备和术后处理(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服加胃肠外补充电解质", "B": "管饲为主", "C": "要素饮食", "D": "胃肠外营养"}, "answer": "要素饮食", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,49岁,近半年数次发作性右上腹疼痛,恶心呕吐,多为夜间睡眠后发作,并向右肩部放射。检查:肥胖体质,BP 110/90mmHg,P 90次/分,右上腹轻度压痛,无腹肌紧张。1.此病人最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆囊腺瘤性息肉", "B": "十二指肠溃疡穿孔", "C": "急性胰腺炎", "D": "胆囊结石"}, "answer": "胆囊结石", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "确诊风湿热的次要表现哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "关节酸痛", "B": "发热", "C": "皮下结节", "D": "血沉加快"}, "answer": "皮下结节", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "IgA肾病最常见的临床表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋白尿", "B": "白细胞尿", "C": "血尿", "D": "水肿"}, "answer": "血尿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,38岁,1个月来乏力、食欲差,左上腹胀痛。查体:肝肋下3cm,脾肋下10cm,血红蛋白70g/L,白细胞260×109/L,血小板210×109/L,白细胞分类:中性粒及晚幼粒细胞为主,中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶活性减低。首选治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "羟基脲", "B": "三代头孢", "C": "DA方案", "D": "保肝治疗"}, "answer": "羟基脲", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,23岁。外阴瘙痒、白带增多5天。妇科检查:外阴皮肤黏膜充血,小阴唇内侧见多个小菜花状赘生物、宫颈柱状上皮异位,子宫正常大,附件无明显异常。为确诊,应选择的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "赘生物活组织检查", "B": "B超检查", "C": "宫颈刮片细胞学检查", "D": "血常规"}, "answer": "赘生物活组织检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.X线检查肺动脉段凹陷见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "动脉导管未闭"}, "answer": "法洛四联症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "白色念珠菌形成的孢子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "芽生孢子", "B": "孢子囊孢子", "C": "分生孢子", "D": "有性孢子"}, "answer": "芽生孢子", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项属于主动免疫治疗肿瘤的方法?(  )", "options": {"A": "抗原性疫苗的输入", "B": "BCG的注射", "C": "抗肿瘤导向治疗", "D": "LAK的输入"}, "answer": "抗原性疫苗的输入", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心室肌细胞区别于神经或骨骼肌细胞动作电位的主要特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "0期", "B": "1期", "C": "2期", "D": "4期"}, "answer": "2期", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "各种补体成分浓度达到成人水平的年龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "3个月", "B": "4个月", "C": "5个月", "D": "6个月"}, "answer": "6个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项为嘧啶分解代谢的终产物?(  )", "options": {"A": "尿苷", "B": "尿酸", "C": "α-丙氨酸", "D": "氨和二氧化碳"}, "answer": "氨和二氧化碳", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,56岁。反酸、烧心5年。胃镜检查:食管下段黏膜多发条形破损,相互融合。该患者首选的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "奥美拉唑", "B": "法莫替丁", "C": "硫糖铝", "D": "枸橼酸铋钾"}, "answer": "奥美拉唑", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.登革热的传播媒介是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蚊", "B": "人虱", "C": "恙螨", "D": "蜱"}, "answer": "蚊", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,10岁。上课时突然见讲台上老师变成“数寸长短的小人”,约5~10秒后此现象消失。伴随不自主发笑,事后不能回忆发笑之事。3周内反复发作9次。查体和头颅MRI未见异常。可能的癫痫发作类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯运动性发作", "B": "单纯部分性发作", "C": "单纯感觉性发作", "D": "失神发作"}, "answer": "单纯部分性发作", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "当传染病暴发、流行时,经省、自治区、直辖市政府决定,下列哪些地区可以对其实行封锁?(  )", "options": {"A": "甲类传染病疫区", "B": "乙类传染病疫区", "C": "甲类和乙类传染病疫区", "D": "甲、乙、丙三类传染病疫区"}, "answer": "甲类传染病疫区", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,60岁。咳嗽、咳痰伴喘息20余年,加重1周,2天来发热、咳嗽、意识不清,血WBC 12.8×109/L,N 0.82,SpO2 85%(吸氧)。2.对于该患者最重要的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉点滴呼吸兴奋剂", "B": "静脉点滴3%氯化钠溶液", "C": "静脉点滴甘露醇", "D": "机械通气"}, "answer": "机械通气", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "甲亢治疗方法中,下列哪项为最易引起甲状腺功能减退的方法?(  )", "options": {"A": "他巴唑(甲巯咪唑)", "B": "丙硫氧嘧啶", "C": "放射性131I治疗", "D": "手术次全切除甲状腺"}, "answer": "放射性131I治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "Ⅰ型超敏反应主要是哪一类抗体介导产生的(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgE", "B": "IgA", "C": "IgD", "D": "IgM"}, "answer": "IgE", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项为构成医患信托关系的根本前提?(  )", "options": {"A": "病人求医行为中包含对医师的信任", "B": "现代医学服务是完全可以信赖的", "C": "医师是“仁者”", "D": "病人在医患交往中处于被动地位"}, "answer": "病人求医行为中包含对医师的信任", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "27岁农民,左侧上下肢体运动障碍,伴有语言发音困难1周,无头痛,无意识障碍或精神异常,左侧上下肢肌力重度,左侧鼻唇沟较右侧浅,伸舌偏右侧,未发现腹膜刺激征,巴氏征(+)。血象:白细胞15.4×109/L,核左移。患者1个月前曾发热,肌肉痛6天。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑栓塞", "B": "结核性脑膜炎", "C": "脑动脉瘤", "D": "钩端螺旋体病,并发闭塞性脑动脉炎"}, "answer": "钩端螺旋体病,并发闭塞性脑动脉炎", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.参与操纵子正调控的蛋白质因子为(  )。", "options": {"A": "辅阻遏蛋白", "B": "CAP", "C": "乳糖", "D": "抑制基因"}, "answer": "CAP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女婴,4个月,腹泻、中度脱水,经静脉补液后脱水纠正,突然出现精神委靡、嗜睡、呼吸变浅,心率140次/分,心音低钝腹胀,膝反射未引出。血清钠145mmol/L、钾3.2mmol/L。ECG示窦性心动过速,T波低平。1.诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "重症肌无力", "B": "中毒性心肌炎", "C": "低钾血症", "D": "中毒性肠麻痹"}, "answer": "低钾血症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "治疗轻度新生儿寒冷损伤,首先采取(  )。", "options": {"A": "中药治疗", "B": "激光治疗", "C": "复温治疗", "D": "光疗"}, "answer": "复温治疗", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,72岁。脑血管病患者。住院期间突然半夜起床活动。无目的地摸床,摸墙,摸病友的头,自语,白天安静入睡。2.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿尔兹海默病", "B": "脑肿瘤", "C": "老年性痴呆", "D": "血管性痴呆"}, "answer": "血管性痴呆", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,28岁,因江水泛滥,饮用江水,突然出现剧烈腹泻,随后呕吐,由水样物转为“米泔水”样物,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "金葡菌胃肠炎", "B": "急性细菌性痢疾", "C": "病毒性肠炎", "D": "霍乱"}, "answer": "霍乱", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.治疗恶性疟的首选药(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯喹", "B": "青蒿素", "C": "乙胺嘧啶", "D": "伯氨喹"}, "answer": "青蒿素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列各项中不符合慢性粒细胞白血病急性变的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨关节痛", "B": "脾缩小", "C": "贫血、出血加重", "D": "以往治疗无效"}, "answer": "脾缩小", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,40岁,因发热、便秘、食欲缺乏10天入院。查体:体温39.8℃,脉搏98次/分,肝大肋下1.0cm,质软,脾肋下及边。血常规:白细胞2.7×109/L,中性粒细胞0.52,淋巴细胞0.44,血清ALT 100U/L;肥达反应“0”1:160,“H”1:160。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性白血病", "B": "急性肝炎", "C": "伤寒", "D": "恶性组织细胞病"}, "answer": "伤寒", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.外观矮小,全身比例匀称是(  )。", "options": {"A": "佝偻病", "B": "软骨发育不全", "C": "垂体性侏儒症", "D": "先天性巨结肠"}, "answer": "垂体性侏儒症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于类风湿因子(RF)与类风湿关节炎(RA)的描述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "RF阳性是诊断RA的必要条件", "B": "部分RA患者的血清RF阴性", "C": "RF高滴度是RA预后不良的指标之一", "D": "RF阳性可见于RA以外的其他疾病"}, "answer": "RF阳性是诊断RA的必要条件", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "饥饿时分解代谢可产生酮体的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素", "B": "核苷酸", "C": "葡萄糖", "D": "脂肪酸"}, "answer": "脂肪酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.治疗阵发性室上性心动过速的首选药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尼莫地平", "B": "硝苯地平", "C": "维拉帕米", "D": "利多卡因"}, "answer": "维拉帕米", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "溶血性链球菌感染最常引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "蜂窝织炎", "B": "脓肿", "C": "出血性炎", "D": "浆液性炎"}, "answer": "蜂窝织炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于甲状腺滤泡状腺癌正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多见于儿童", "B": "生长慢,属低度恶性", "C": "有侵犯血管的倾向", "D": "预后优于甲状腺乳头状腺癌"}, "answer": "有侵犯血管的倾向", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肺源性心脏病时最常见的心脏改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右心房肥大", "B": "左心房肥大", "C": "右心室肥大", "D": "左心房+左心室肥大"}, "answer": "右心室肥大", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "治疗小儿支气管肺炎首选的抗生素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素", "B": "复方新诺明", "C": "红霉素", "D": "氨苄西林"}, "answer": "青霉素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心力衰竭合并肾衰竭患者利尿药物首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿米洛利", "B": "氨苯蝶啶", "C": "呋塞米", "D": "螺内酯"}, "answer": "呋塞米", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.多用于抑郁症的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "酚噻嗪类药物", "B": "抑制5-HT再摄取的药物", "C": "苯二氮革类药物", "D": "卡马西平"}, "answer": "抑制5-HT再摄取的药物", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪些CD分子与T细胞识别、黏附、活化无关(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD3", "B": "CD8", "C": "CD19", "D": "CD28"}, "answer": "CD19", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "诊断低位肠梗阻最可靠的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部平片示小肠多个阶梯状液平", "B": "脐周可闻气过水声", "C": "阵发性腹痛伴腹胀", "D": "乙状结肠扭转"}, "answer": "腹部平片示小肠多个阶梯状液平", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "丹毒的致病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "B": "表面葡萄球菌", "C": "大肠杆菌", "D": "乙型溶血性链球菌"}, "answer": "乙型溶血性链球菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,20岁,右大腿刀刺伤18小时,刀口处红肿,有渗出液,目前最适当的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "清创缝合", "B": "理疗", "C": "清理伤口后换药", "D": "局部固定"}, "answer": "清创缝合", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,45岁。持续性右上腹痛伴寒战、高热、恶心、呕吐10天。查体:皮肤、巩膜无黄染,右季肋部饱满,肝肋下4cm,边缘钝,有压痛,无结节,右侧第7、8肋间腋中线皮肤水肿和压痛,血常规WBC 18.5×10g/L,N 0.91;腹部B超示肝右叶内8cm×6cm液性暗区;X线示右膈肌升高,运动受限。最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌性肝脓肿", "B": "胆囊结石伴感染", "C": "肝癌伴感染", "D": "肝囊肿"}, "answer": "细菌性肝脓肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,50岁,突发头痛,呕吐,体温40℃,伴躁动,2日后频繁癫痫发作,昏迷,3日后死亡,病理检查脑实质内出血性坏死,细胞核内包涵体,该病为(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺病毒性脑炎", "B": "急性播散性脑脊炎", "C": "带状疱疹病毒性脑炎", "D": "单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎"}, "answer": "单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,70岁。间断咳嗽30余年,加重伴意识障碍2天入院。查体:T 38.0℃,P 102次/分,R 21次/分,BP 120/80mmHg,烦躁不安,球结膜充血水肿,口唇发绀。桶状胸,双肺可闻及哮鸣音。双下肺少量湿性啰音。1.对诊断最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心电图", "B": "痰细菌培养", "C": "动脉血气分析", "D": "胸部CT"}, "answer": "动脉血气分析", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心脏病患者手术耐受力最差的类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "房室传导阻滞", "B": "风湿性心脏病", "C": "急性心肌炎", "D": "冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病"}, "answer": "急性心肌炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.可用于伴肾功能不良高血压患者的抗高血压药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硝苯地平", "B": "可乐定", "C": "硝普钠", "D": "氢氯噻嗪"}, "answer": "硝苯地平", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,l9岁,头晕乏力3个月,血红蛋白589/L,白细胞3.8×109/L,血小板50×109/L,胸骨穿刺有核细胞增生活跃,各系细胞形成正常,需再做哪一项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "髂骨穿刺", "B": "骨髓染色", "C": "复查血常规", "D": "红细胞铁染色"}, "answer": "髂骨穿刺", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "哪种腹外疝发生肠管壁疝的机会较多?(  )", "options": {"A": "斜疝", "B": "直疝", "C": "股疝", "D": "脐疝"}, "answer": "股疝", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "前臂尺、桡骨双骨折青年患者,经手法复位失败,此时应采取的合理治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "石膏管型固定,3周后再手术治疗", "B": "小夹板固定,3周后再手术治疗", "C": "持续骨牵引治疗", "D": "手术切开复位内固定加外固定"}, "answer": "手术切开复位内固定加外固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,外伤后失血,血压80/56mmHg,脉率130次/分,估计失血量达(  )。", "options": {"A": "400~600ml", "B": "650~750ml", "C": "800~1600ml", "D": ">2000ml"}, "answer": "800~1600ml", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "临床医学研究中的知情同意原则主要体现在(  )。", "options": {"A": "对无行为能力的受试者应获得监护人的同意", "B": "向受试者提供研究目的、疗效、危险及保护措施的基本信息", "C": "受试者是否接受试验有自由选择的权利", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "未经医师(士)亲自诊查病人或亲自接产,医疗机构不得出具下列证明文件,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "健康证明书", "B": "疾病诊断书", "C": "死亡证明书", "D": "医疗纠纷分析证言"}, "answer": "医疗纠纷分析证言", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,48岁,既往有冶游史,25岁时有皮肤损害,31岁时结婚,妻子第二年怀孕流产,3年前因精神因素呈兴奋状态,大声喊叫,焦虑、苦闷、坐立不安,夜间看见一个人腾云驾雾。躯体检查:无特殊体征。神经系统检查:右瞳孔缩小,光反射消失,面神经不全麻痹,手指及眼睑轻微震颤,右上肢霍夫曼征(+)。精神检查:有幻听,“耳边听到滔滔不绝说话声,发出粗鲁的谩骂声”,记忆力减退,情绪低落,易激动。1.首先应进行的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "康华试验", "B": "EEG", "C": "头CT", "D": "智商测定"}, "answer": "康华试验", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列关于腹膜解剖生理描述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是双向性半透膜", "B": "可分泌淋巴细胞及巨噬细胞", "C": "受交感神经和迷走神经支配", "D": "腹膜腔是人体最大的体腔"}, "answer": "受交感神经和迷走神经支配", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于外毒素的叙述,哪项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "化学成分是蛋白质", "B": "受甲醛作用变成类毒素", "C": "毒性部分是类脂A", "D": "不耐热"}, "answer": "毒性部分是类脂A", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,66岁。反复上腹痛10年余,加重4个月,伴乏力。查体:结膜苍白,上腹部轻压痛。下列检查中,对明确诊断及指导治疗最有价值的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线上消化道造影", "B": "胃镜及活检", "C": "腹部CT", "D": "MRI"}, "answer": "胃镜及活检", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "手术后乳胶片引流拔除时间一般在术后(  )。", "options": {"A": "1~2天", "B": "3天", "C": "5天", "D": "5天以后"}, "answer": "1~2天", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "苯丙酮尿症的遗传方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "常染色体显性遗传", "B": "常染色体隐性遗传", "C": "性连锁显性遗传", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "常染色体隐性遗传", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性支气管炎导致支气管扩张症的主要病变基础是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管黏膜上皮的损伤", "B": "肺不张", "C": "肺组织纤维化", "D": "支气管结构的破坏"}, "answer": "支气管结构的破坏", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.狂犬病病毒基因组是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单股负链线状RNA,不分节段含有5个结构基因", "B": "正链线状RNA,含有三个结构基因和至少七个调节基因", "C": "单股负链RNA,分为8个节段", "D": "单股负链RNA,可分为7个节段"}, "answer": "单股负链线状RNA,不分节段含有5个结构基因", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "初产妇,26岁,孕40周。临产后宫缩强,宫口开大9cm时自然破膜,破膜后突然发生呛咳,呼吸困难,发绀,血压下降。最可能发生的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "前置胎盘", "B": "羊水栓塞", "C": "胎盘早剥", "D": "胎膜早破"}, "answer": "羊水栓塞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "20岁男性,2月初发病,主诉寒战、高热、剧烈头痛1天,曾呕吐3次。查体:神志清,体温39.8℃,颈强(±),皮肤有瘀点,咽部略充血,心肺腹无异常,克氏征(-)。血白细胞20×109/L,中性粒细胞0.85。腰穿脑脊液米汤样,Pandy(+++),细胞数3000×106/L,中性粒细胞0.8,糖1.12mmol/L(20mg%)。2.可能出现的并发症有(  )。", "options": {"A": "中耳炎", "B": "心内膜炎", "C": "肺炎", "D": "以上均是"}, "answer": "以上均是", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "25岁初孕妇,孕39周,未经产前检查。诉下肢水肿半个月,近3日头痛,今晨出现视物不清及头痛加重,且呕吐2次,查尿蛋白2.5g/24h。6.若胎心率180次/min,最恰当的处理应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即剖宫产", "B": "立即缩宫素引产", "C": "静脉滴注硫酸镁、甘露醇后剖宫产", "D": "静脉滴注肼屈嗪"}, "answer": "静脉滴注硫酸镁、甘露醇后剖宫产", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,48岁。2天前餐后突然出现右上腹阵发性绞痛,恶心。尿色呈浓茶样,以往有类似发作。查体:急性病容,巩膜黄染,腹部无肌紧张,右上腹深压痛。可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆总管结石", "B": "胆总管囊肿", "C": "急性胰腺炎", "D": "急性胆囊炎"}, "answer": "胆总管结石", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医学道德评价的首要标准:是否有利于(  )。", "options": {"A": "患者疾病的缓解和康复", "B": "医疗机构的发展", "C": "医学科学发展和社会进步", "D": "医务人员社会地位提高"}, "answer": "患者疾病的缓解和康复", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "解磷定和氯磷定对哪一种有机磷中毒疗效差?(  )", "options": {"A": "对硫磷", "B": "甲胺磷", "C": "甲拌磷", "D": "敌百虫"}, "answer": "敌百虫", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于真菌性败血症,下列各项中错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "常见致病菌为白色念珠菌", "B": "多由于长期使用抗生素引起", "C": "临床表现酷似革兰阳性菌败血症", "D": "治疗上应换用窄谱抗生素"}, "answer": "临床表现酷似革兰阳性菌败血症", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "引起神经细胞兴奋的阈电位是指细胞膜(  )。", "options": {"A": "对Ca2+上通透性突然增大时的临界膜电位值", "B": "对K+通透性突然增大时的临界膜电位值", "C": "对Na+通透性突然增大时的临界膜电位值", "D": "对Na+通透性突然减小时的临界膜电位值"}, "answer": "对Na+通透性突然增大时的临界膜电位值", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "发热的类型正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "间日疟每日发热", "B": "三日疟隔日发热", "C": "卵形疟隔日发热", "D": "伤寒呈波状热"}, "answer": "卵形疟隔日发热", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "脑血栓形成患者出现运动性失语是因为病变损害了(  )。", "options": {"A": "优势半球额中回后部", "B": "优势半球角回", "C": "优势半球额下回后部", "D": "颞上回后部"}, "answer": "优势半球额下回后部", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,42岁,因患严重精神分裂症,用氯丙嗪治疗,两年来用的氯丙嗪量逐渐增加至600mg/d,才能较满意地控制症状,但近日出现肌肉震颤、动作迟缓、流涎等症状,试问应选何药纠正?(  )", "options": {"A": "苯海索", "B": "溴隐亭", "C": "金刚烷胺", "D": "左旋多巴"}, "answer": "苯海索", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "机体对创伤或感染代谢反应不同于禁食代谢反应的主要特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "机体能量消耗减少", "B": "处理葡萄糖的能力降低", "C": "体内蛋白质分解减慢", "D": "尿氮减少"}, "answer": "处理葡萄糖的能力降低", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女孩,2岁,自幼牛乳喂养,未按要求添加辅食,有时腹泻,逐渐消瘦。查体:身高80cm,体重7000g,皮下脂肪减少,腹壁皮下脂肪厚度<0.4cm,皮肤干燥、苍白,肌张力明最减低,肌肉松弛,脉搏缓慢,心音较低钝。3.该情况下,除立即给氧外,首先应采取的紧急抢救措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "给予呼吸兴奋剂", "B": "输液纠正脱水", "C": "立即测血糖,静脉注射高渗葡萄糖", "D": "立即给强心剂治疗"}, "answer": "立即测血糖,静脉注射高渗葡萄糖", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哪一种疾病用青霉素治疗可引起赫氏反应?(  )", "options": {"A": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "B": "大叶性肺炎", "C": "气性坏疽", "D": "梅毒"}, "answer": "梅毒", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是引起人类原发性非典型肺炎(PAP)的病原体?(  )", "options": {"A": "嗜肺军团菌", "B": "肺炎支原体", "C": "流感病毒", "D": "溶脲脲原体"}, "answer": "肺炎支原体", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,56岁。全胃切除术后3天行肠内营养,第4天出现腹泻。分析其腹泻原因不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "营养液输注速度过慢", "B": "营养液温度过低", "C": "营养液污染", "D": "小肠对脂肪耐受改变"}, "answer": "营养液输注速度过慢", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "9个月小儿未作过预防接种,邻居家小儿出麻疹,有密切接触,如何避免小儿被感染发病?(  )", "options": {"A": "接种麻疹疫苗", "B": "丙种球蛋白注射", "C": "居室开窗通风", "D": "检查麻疹抗原是否阳性"}, "answer": "丙种球蛋白注射", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,重体力劳动工人,腰腿痛,并向左下肢放散,咳嗽、喷嚏时加重。检查腰部活动明显受限,并向左倾斜,直腿抬高试验阳性。病程中无低热、盗汗、消瘦症状。9.如X线片示骨折为头下型,有移位,哪项为较恰当的治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "皮牵引", "B": "粗隆间截骨术", "C": "人工股骨头置换术", "D": "不需特殊治疗,卧床休息"}, "answer": "人工股骨头置换术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,68岁。直肠指诊前列腺有一硬结,血清PSA 10.5ng/ml。为明确诊断,应采取的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "MRI", "B": "CT", "C": "前列腺穿刺活检", "D": "直肠指诊"}, "answer": "前列腺穿刺活检", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "引起萎缩的原因不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "幽门狭窄", "B": "肾盂积水", "C": "垂体功能低下", "D": "四氯化碳中毒"}, "answer": "四氯化碳中毒", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,60岁,突发意识丧失,心电监护示心电波形、振幅与频率均不规则,无法辨认QRS波群、ST段与T波。该患者应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "利多卡因1~1.5mg/kg静脉注射", "B": "胺碘酮150mg静脉注射", "C": "阿托品0.1mg静脉注射", "D": "360J直流电除颤"}, "answer": "360J直流电除颤", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于体温生理变动的叙述,下述哪一项叙述恰当?(  )", "options": {"A": "昼夜变动值大于2℃", "B": "变动范围无规律", "C": "女子排卵后,体温下降", "D": "肌肉活动使体温升高"}, "answer": "肌肉活动使体温升高", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "呼吸中枢的正常兴奋依赖于血液中(  )。", "options": {"A": "高浓度的O2", "B": "正常浓度的CO2", "C": "正常浓度的O2", "D": "H+浓度"}, "answer": "正常浓度的CO2", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "根据症状和体征提示有胸腔积液时,需确定是否有胸腔积液应首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线胸片", "B": "超声波", "C": "胸部MRI", "D": "血常规"}, "answer": "X线胸片", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "蚊虫叮咬人体时,随蚊唾液进入人体的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "裂殖子", "B": "配子体", "C": "动合子", "D": "子孢子"}, "answer": "子孢子", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "苯丙酮尿症的遗传形式为(  )。", "options": {"A": "常染色体显性遗传", "B": "常染色体隐性遗传", "C": "X连锁隐性遗传", "D": "X连锁不完全显性遗传"}, "answer": "常染色体隐性遗传", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "脐带血中主要的Ig是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgG", "B": "IgD", "C": "IgE", "D": "IgA"}, "answer": "IgG", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,60岁。高温天气户外活动4小时,出现口渴、尿少,突然晕倒。最有可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "稀释性低钠血症", "B": "急性肾衰竭", "C": "高渗性缺水", "D": "低渗性缺水"}, "answer": "高渗性缺水", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,68岁。夜尿增多2年,乏力3个月,既往因头痛长期服用镇痛片10余年,否认高血压病、糖尿病病史。查体:BP 125/80mmHg,双下肢无水肿。尿比重1.008,RBC 0~1/HP,尿蛋白(+),尿糖(++),血Hb 80g/L,Cr 265μmol/L,Glu 5.5mmol/L。该患者肾功能不全最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "缺血性肾病", "B": "糖尿病肾病", "C": "慢性肾小球肾炎", "D": "慢性肾小管间质肾病"}, "answer": "慢性肾小管间质肾病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某中指离断伤患者,再植术后10小时,发现患指苍白,皮温低于健侧3℃,经解除包扎、解痉药物等处理不见好转,此时应采取(  )。", "options": {"A": "抬高患肢,保温", "B": "臂丛神经阻滞麻醉", "C": "立即手术探查吻合血管的情况", "D": "继续观察"}, "answer": "立即手术探查吻合血管的情况", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哪项是含维生素泛酸的辅酶?(  )", "options": {"A": "NAD", "B": "HS-CoA", "C": "TPP", "D": "FAD"}, "answer": "HS-CoA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "膜性肾小球肾炎的主要病变特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球新月体形成", "B": "肾小球内皮细胞增生", "C": "肾小管变性", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "以上都不是", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "钩端螺旋体自动物体内排出,最主要是通过(  )。", "options": {"A": "粪便", "B": "尿", "C": "飞沫", "D": "鼻咽分泌物"}, "answer": "尿", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,4岁,其母患浸润性肺结核,该患儿近半个月低热、咳嗽,疑为结核病。做OT试验1:2000,其硬结直径为21mm,结果为(  )。", "options": {"A": "“+”", "B": "“-”", "C": "“+++”", "D": "“++++”"}, "answer": "“+++”", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,41岁。刀刺伤右上腹1小时来诊,腹腔穿刺抽出不凝血,急诊手术探查,正确的腹腔探查顺序是首先探查(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃十二指肠", "B": "膈肌", "C": "胃后壁及胰腺", "D": "肝脏"}, "answer": "肝脏", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.骨盆骨折伴有骨盆环破裂分离者,应该采用的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮牵引", "B": "骨牵引", "C": "骨盆兜垂吊牵引法", "D": "介入疗法(髂内动脉造影及栓塞)"}, "answer": "骨盆兜垂吊牵引法", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "特异性杀伤肿瘤的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Tc(CTL)", "B": "NK", "C": "LAK", "D": "中性粒细胞"}, "answer": "Tc(CTL)", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.IgE(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ab阻断、中和作用", "B": "调理作用", "C": "裂解细胞作用", "D": "引起变态反应"}, "answer": "引起变态反应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,25岁。上腹痛6天,餐后突然加剧4小时,并很快波及全腹,既往有胃病史。当时查体:全腹压痛、反跳痛,肌紧张,肝浊音界消失,肠鸣音减弱。3.该患者进行手术治疗的主要目的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "明确诊断", "B": "去除病因", "C": "腹腔引流", "D": "减压手术"}, "answer": "去除病因", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "消化性溃疡的最常见合并症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "幽门狭窄", "B": "癌变", "C": "出血", "D": "黏膜萎缩"}, "answer": "出血", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪项是增强子的作用特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "有固定的部位,必须在启动子上游", "B": "有严格的专一性", "C": "无需与蛋白质因子结合就能增强转录作用", "D": "作用无方向性"}, "answer": "作用无方向性", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对心房颤动无效的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "奎尼丁", "B": "普萘洛尔", "C": "胺碘酮", "D": "利多卡因"}, "answer": "利多卡因", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不是化脓性脑膜炎对症支持治疗的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "严密监测生命体征", "B": "及时处理颅内高压", "C": "为减轻脑水肿严禁补钠", "D": "控制惊厥发作"}, "answer": "为减轻脑水肿严禁补钠", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肝脏进行生物转化时甲基的活性供体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋氨酸", "B": "胆碱", "C": "甲基腺苷", "D": "S-腺苷蛋氨酸"}, "answer": "S-腺苷蛋氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是引起SSPE的病原体?(  )", "options": {"A": "轮状病毒", "B": "麻疹病毒", "C": "风疹病毒", "D": "埃可病毒"}, "answer": "麻疹病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述关于脑动脉粥样硬化的叙述中,哪一项错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "引起动脉瘤形成", "B": "大脑中动脉和Willis环的病变最重", "C": "引起脑萎缩", "D": "不引起脑出血"}, "answer": "不引起脑出血", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女婴,4个月。烦躁,多汗半月,夜间哭闹不停。其冬季出生,足月顺产,但纯牛奶喂养,未添加辅食。查体:体重6kg,有颅骨软化。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病", "B": "蛋白质-能量营养不良", "C": "维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症", "D": "缺铁性贫血"}, "answer": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "血尿的常见原因不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "输尿管结石", "B": "急性膀胱炎", "C": "单纯性肾囊肿", "D": "膀胱癌"}, "answer": "单纯性肾囊肿", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.脊柱或臀部手术后可采取(  )。", "options": {"A": "俯卧位", "B": "头高脚低斜坡卧位", "C": "高半坐位卧位", "D": "低半坐位卧位"}, "answer": "俯卧位", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "5岁患儿,跌倒时手掌着地,肘关节半屈,查肘部明显肿胀及压痛,骨折远侧端向后外突出,肘关节呈半屈畸形,桡动脉搏动消失,肘后三角存在。被动伸指时有剧烈疼痛。1.最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肘关节脱位", "B": "尺骨鹰嘴骨折", "C": "屈曲型肱骨髁上骨折", "D": "伸直型肱骨髁上骨折"}, "answer": "伸直型肱骨髁上骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.医疗机构从业人员理想的人格形象是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大医精诚", "B": "以患者为中心", "C": "为人民健康服务", "D": "救死扶伤"}, "answer": "大医精诚", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "库欣综合征分泌过多的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "醛固酮", "B": "肾上腺素", "C": "皮质醇", "D": "肾素"}, "answer": "皮质醇", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于细胞色素,正确的叙述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "辅基为铁卟啉", "B": "只存在于线粒体内膜上", "C": "细胞色素C又称为细胞色素氧化酶", "D": "均可被氰化物抑制"}, "answer": "辅基为铁卟啉", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,40岁,农民,江苏人,1月前因下稻田着凉,近日发热2周,畏寒,体温在38℃上下,自觉腹痛,有腹泻,稀便。查体:表情淡漠,腹部有轻压痛,肝肋下1.0cm、剑突下2.5cm,周身可见荨麻疹。3.最有效的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硫双二氯酚", "B": "甲苯达唑", "C": "阿苯达唑", "D": "吡喹酮"}, "answer": "吡喹酮", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "成人急性血吸虫病患者,采用吡喹酮治疗其总剂量为每公斤体重多少毫克(  )。", "options": {"A": "40mg", "B": "60mg", "C": "120mg", "D": "180mg"}, "answer": "120mg", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "受MHC限制的细胞间相互作用出现在(  )。", "options": {"A": "巨噬细胞与肿瘤细胞", "B": "肥大细胞与T淋巴细胞", "C": "NK细胞与病毒感染细胞", "D": "T淋巴细胞与埘突状细胞"}, "answer": "NK细胞与病毒感染细胞", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "高渗性缺水时,血清Na+大于等于(  )。", "options": {"A": "150mmol/L", "B": "155mmoL/L", "C": "160mmol/L", "D": "170mmol/L"}, "answer": "150mmol/L", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪一项不属于胃液的作用(  )。", "options": {"A": "杀菌", "B": "使蛋白质变性", "C": "对淀粉进行初步消化", "D": "促进维生素B12的吸收"}, "answer": "对淀粉进行初步消化", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心理冲突的类型不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "双避冲突", "B": "趋避冲突", "C": "多重趋避冲突", "D": "矛盾冲突"}, "answer": "矛盾冲突", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.治疗非霍奇金病(  )。", "options": {"A": "CHOP", "B": "DA", "C": "苯丁酸氮芥", "D": "羟基脲"}, "answer": "CHOP", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有眼睑下垂的重症肌无力患者,还可能有的症状为(  )。", "options": {"A": "调节反射消失", "B": "瞳孔散大,光反射消失", "C": "眼球向内、上、下运动受限,复视", "D": "角结膜反射消失"}, "answer": "眼球向内、上、下运动受限,复视", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.胃溃疡边缘黏膜上皮增生并有明显的异型性改变属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "幽门梗阻", "B": "大便隐血试验阳性", "C": "慢性穿孔", "D": "癌变"}, "answer": "癌变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,28岁,1周前右足底被铁钉刺伤,未做清创处理。近日,感头痛、咬肌紧张酸胀,诊断为破伤风,不符合其发病机制的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "破伤风杆菌产生的内毒素引起症状", "B": "痉挛毒素是引起症状的主要毒素", "C": "毒素也可影响交感神经", "D": "溶血毒素引起组织局部坏死和心肌损害"}, "answer": "破伤风杆菌产生的内毒素引起症状", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.急性肾盂肾炎的特点(  )。", "options": {"A": "多尿、夜尿、低比重尿", "B": "脓尿", "C": "无痛性血尿", "D": "肾病综合征"}, "answer": "脓尿", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.感染过乙型肝炎病毒已完全康复者是(  )。", "options": {"A": "仅HBsAg阳性", "B": "仅血清抗-HBsAg阳性", "C": "HBsAg、HBeAg、抗-HBc均阳性", "D": "HBsAg、抗-HBe、抗-HBc均阳性"}, "answer": "仅血清抗-HBsAg阳性", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,36岁,右股骨上端疼痛20天。查体:右股骨上端肿胀、压痛,右髋关节活动受限。X线片:右股骨颈及转子下溶骨性骨破坏。3年前患乳癌,施乳癌根治术,局部无复发。2.最佳治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯化疗", "B": "单纯放疗", "C": "瘤段切除,假体置入", "D": "瘤段切除,假体置入,化疗"}, "answer": "瘤段切除,假体置入,化疗", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.胆碱酯酶(  )。", "options": {"A": "水解乙酰胆碱", "B": "特异性地与球蛋白结合", "C": "专与血红素结合", "D": "属抗体"}, "answer": "水解乙酰胆碱", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "诱导IgE产生的主要细胞因子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IL-1", "B": "IL-2", "C": "IL-4", "D": "IL-6"}, "answer": "IL-4", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "佝偻病的维生素D预防量是每日(  )。", "options": {"A": "100U", "B": "200U", "C": "300U", "D": "400U"}, "answer": "400U", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.感染后脓液比较稀薄,淡红色,量较多(  )。", "options": {"A": "大肠埃希菌", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "C": "溶血性链球菌", "D": "铜绿假单胞菌"}, "answer": "溶血性链球菌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "免疫缺陷最主要的临床特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "易伴自身免疫病", "B": "多系统受累且症状多样", "C": "易患感染", "D": "原发性免疫缺陷多为基因缺陷所致"}, "answer": "易患感染", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.骨折远端向后倾斜移位(  )。", "options": {"A": "股骨粗隆间骨折", "B": "股骨髁上骨折", "C": "股骨上1/3骨折", "D": "股骨上中段骨折"}, "answer": "股骨髁上骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.高血压伴血脂异常者不宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "尼莫地平", "B": "卡托普利", "C": "硝苯地平", "D": "氢氯噻嗪和普萘洛尔"}, "answer": "氢氯噻嗪和普萘洛尔", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "希恩综合征属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "下丘脑性闭经", "B": "精神性闭经", "C": "卵巢性闭经", "D": "垂体性闭经"}, "answer": "垂体性闭经", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.主题统觉测验属(  )。", "options": {"A": "人格测验问卷", "B": "智力测验", "C": "人格投射测验", "D": "评定量表"}, "answer": "人格投射测验", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.上述病原体中,首选大环内酯类治疗的是(  )", "options": {"A": "肺炎克雷伯杆菌", "B": "肺炎支原体肺炎", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "D": "流感嗜血杆菌"}, "answer": "肺炎支原体肺炎", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "hCG的主要产生部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎膜", "B": "叶状绒毛膜", "C": "合体滋养层细胞", "D": "胎儿胎盘单位"}, "answer": "合体滋养层细胞", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "足月儿外观特点,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "耳廓成形,直挺", "B": "乳腺结节<4mm", "C": "头发分条清楚", "D": "指甲达到指尖"}, "answer": "乳腺结节<4mm", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性早幼粒细胞性白血病的分化诱导剂治疗,通常首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "十三顺式维甲酸", "B": "全反式维甲酸", "C": "罗钙全", "D": "α-D3"}, "answer": "全反式维甲酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "原发性三叉神经痛的治疗应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯硝西泮", "B": "卡马西平", "C": "苯妥英钠", "D": "神经切断术"}, "answer": "卡马西平", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.适用于连续性资料,说明事物随时间的动态变化过程可绘制(  )。", "options": {"A": "直方图", "B": "圆图", "C": "直条图", "D": "线图"}, "answer": "线图", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,58岁,工作中突然出现头痛、呕吐、左侧肢瘫,随后昏迷,后急送医院。检查:浅昏迷,血压180/120mmHg,瞳孔2mm,光反应正常,左鼻唇沟浅。左侧上下肢瘫,左侧病理征(+)。头颅CT示右基底节有一高密度影,直径约为5cm。1.以下哪项是观察病情变化最重要的项目?(  )", "options": {"A": "呕血或便血", "B": "神志、瞳孔、血压、呼吸、脉搏", "C": "肌力", "D": "双肺干湿性啰音"}, "answer": "神志、瞳孔、血压、呼吸、脉搏", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.促进初始CD4+T细胞分化为CD4+Th细胞(  )。", "options": {"A": "IL-4", "B": "IL-7", "C": "IL-8", "D": "IL-12"}, "answer": "IL-12", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "具有典型Whipple三联征的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胰岛素瘤", "B": "肠肽瘤", "C": "高血糖瘤", "D": "生长抑素瘤"}, "answer": "胰岛素瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "青年男性,右大腿刀砍伤lh入院。患者烦躁不安.体检:心率110次/min.唇呈紫绀色.血压90/60mmHg(12/8kPa),右足发凉,足背动脉消失,股骨下段可见骨折端突出于皮肤。可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右股骨下段骨折伴休克", "B": "右股骨下段开放性骨折", "C": "右股骨下段开放性损伤伴股动脉损伤", "D": "右股骨下段开放性骨折伴休克"}, "answer": "右股骨下段开放性骨折伴休克", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "必须严格执行国务院卫生行政部门规定的管理制度、操作规程,防止传染病的医源性感染和致病性微生物的扩散等的单位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医疗机构、保健机构", "B": "保健机构、卫生防疫机构", "C": "卫生防疫机构,从事致病性微生物实验的单位", "D": "医疗机构、保健机构、卫生防疫机构,从事致病性微生物实验的单位"}, "answer": "医疗机构、保健机构、卫生防疫机构,从事致病性微生物实验的单位", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者右侧角膜直接反射存在,间接反射消失,病变在(  )。", "options": {"A": "左侧三叉神经", "B": "右侧三叉神经", "C": "左侧动眼神经", "D": "左面神经"}, "answer": "左侧三叉神经", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.在急性胰腺炎发病机制中,与胰腺组织坏死和溶血关系密切的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "弹力蛋白酶", "B": "磷脂酶A2", "C": "胰蛋白酶", "D": "脂肪酶"}, "answer": "磷脂酶A2", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,25岁。受凉后咳嗽,咳少量黏液脓痰,伴发热,右侧胸痛并右肩及右上腹痛。查体:体温39.2℃,脉搏106次/分,呼吸25次/分。右侧胸廓呼吸动度减弱,语颤增强,右肺下叩诊浊音,可听到支气管呼吸音并有响亮的中等湿啰音;血常规化验:白细胞15×109/L。2.该患者的中等湿啰音产生机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "气体通过气管、支气管内的液体,形成水泡随即破裂而产生的声音", "B": "气体通过狭窄的气管、支气管腔产生震动引起的声音", "C": "是肺部炎症时,实变部分传音良好,支气管呼吸音经肺实变部分传到胸壁的声音", "D": "是患者无力排痰,气体通过分泌物积聚的大气道所产生的声音"}, "answer": "气体通过气管、支气管内的液体,形成水泡随即破裂而产生的声音", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪种物质是抗原(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素", "B": "溶血素", "C": "凝集素", "D": "类毒素"}, "answer": "类毒素", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "26岁已婚女性,平素月经规律。停经49天,行人工流产术,术中见完整绒毛。术后至今1个月余,阴道淋漓出血。妇科检查:子宫饱满、稍软、活动好。彩色B超检查宫腔线清晰,前壁肌层有局灶性丰富血流信号。为明确诊断,首选的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血HCG测定", "B": "诊断性刮宫", "C": "腹腔镜", "D": "宫腔镜"}, "answer": "血HCG测定", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对左侧特发性面神经麻痹的叙述无误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左咬肌无力", "B": "左侧舌后2/3味觉减退或消失", "C": "左侧面部感觉减退或消失", "D": "左眼闭合不全"}, "answer": "左眼闭合不全", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.整合在细菌染色体上的噬菌体的核酸为(  )。", "options": {"A": "毒性噬菌体", "B": "前噬菌体", "C": "溶原性细菌", "D": "L型细菌"}, "answer": "前噬菌体", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,35岁,从高处跳下时,双下肢顿时感到无力。3.如果检查显示胸椎压缩性骨折并有骨块进入椎管,应采取的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "牵引", "B": "仰卧硬板床,背部垫高", "C": "早期背伸锻炼", "D": "及早手术解除脊髓压迫"}, "answer": "及早手术解除脊髓压迫", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男孩,8岁,左大腿下端肿痛。查体:体温39.5℃,局部皮温高,深压痛,穿刺抽出少量脓性液体。下一步治疗中,下述哪一项是最关键的?(  )", "options": {"A": "患肢制动", "B": "联合应用大剂量抗生素", "C": "局部减压引流", "D": "避免外伤骨折"}, "answer": "局部减压引流", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.DNA变性是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "不同的核酸链经变性处理,它们之间形成局部的双链", "B": "一小段核苷酸聚合体的单链,用放射性核素或生物素来标记其末端或全链", "C": "双链DNA解链成单链DNA", "D": "50%双链DNA变性时的温度"}, "answer": "双链DNA解链成单链DNA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于医患双方权利与义务的下列口号和做法中,不可取的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "把维护患者正当权利放在第一位", "B": "患者是上帝", "C": "医者不是上帝", "D": "患者的权利往往意味着医者的义务"}, "answer": "患者是上帝", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.躯体内部产生的不舒服的异样感觉,性质、部位往往描述不清(  )。", "options": {"A": "幻觉", "B": "错觉", "C": "内感性不适", "D": "感知综合障碍"}, "answer": "内感性不适", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肱骨外上髁炎的治疗措施中,下列不妥的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可将手腕肘诸关节用石膏托外固定", "B": "加强腕背伸抗阻运动练习", "C": "伸肌总腱起点剥离松解术", "D": "伸肌总腱起点神经血管束切除结扎术"}, "answer": "加强腕背伸抗阻运动练习", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于制定诊断标准的目的,下列说法错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "提高诊断一致性", "B": "便于医师或研究者之间的相互交流", "C": "便于科研的病例选择", "D": "便于建立有中国特色的精神医学模式"}, "answer": "便于建立有中国特色的精神医学模式", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肠伤寒除肠道外,引起全身各器官病变的原因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "菌血症", "B": "毒血症", "C": "败血症", "D": "菌血症或毒血症"}, "answer": "败血症", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肌束震颤损害部位在(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经肌肉接头", "B": "下运动神经元", "C": "肌肉", "D": "锥体外系统"}, "answer": "下运动神经元", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "影响胎儿和婴儿软骨发育不全,孕妇及哺乳妇女不宜用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "四环素类", "B": "喹诺酮类", "C": "磺胺类", "D": "ETMP"}, "answer": "喹诺酮类", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,7个月,因腹泻1天,发热39℃入院,查体:精神可,无明显脱水体征,咽红。大便呈蛋花汤样,脂肪球(+)。其引起腹泻的最可能病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌性痢疾", "B": "进食过量或喂养不当", "C": "病毒性肠炎", "D": "生理性腹泻"}, "answer": "病毒性肠炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "弥漫性新月体性肾小球肾炎中新月体的细胞为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球囊壁层上皮细胞", "B": "肾小球囊壁层上皮细胞和单核细胞", "C": "肾小球囊脏层上皮细胞和单核细胞", "D": "肾小球系膜细胞"}, "answer": "肾小球囊壁层上皮细胞和单核细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性肝病时血清球蛋白升高的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氨基酸吸收障碍", "B": "肝脏清除来自门脉抗原物能力下降", "C": "体液免疫能力增强", "D": "球蛋白破坏减少"}, "answer": "肝脏清除来自门脉抗原物能力下降", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.异卵双生子之间移植称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "自体移植", "B": "同种同基因移植", "C": "同种异基因移植", "D": "异种移植"}, "answer": "同种异基因移植", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.类风湿关节炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "属Ⅰ型超敏反应性疾病", "B": "属Ⅱ型超敏反应性疾病", "C": "属Ⅲ型超敏反应性疾病", "D": "属Ⅳ型超敏反应性疾病"}, "answer": "属Ⅲ型超敏反应性疾病", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "5.注意转移(  )。", "options": {"A": "是急性精神分裂症的常见症状", "B": "是慢性精神分裂症的常见症状", "C": "是躁狂症的常见症状", "D": "是抑郁症的常见症状"}, "answer": "是躁狂症的常见症状", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,48岁。上腹不适、纳差2年。胃镜检查提示慢性萎缩性胃炎,黏膜病理检查示重度肠上皮化生。为防止癌变,最适合的随访检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部B超", "B": "上消化道造影", "C": "胃镜", "D": "血清肿瘤标志物"}, "answer": "胃镜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "治疗肾病综合征激素中长程疗法的疗程是(  )。", "options": {"A": "3~4个月", "B": "6~12个月", "C": "1年~1年半", "D": "1年半~2年"}, "answer": "6~12个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "病毒衣壳的主要组成部分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "核酸", "B": "磷壁酸", "C": "脂质", "D": "蛋白质"}, "answer": "蛋白质", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "变异型心绞痛最好选用哪一种药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "普萘洛尔", "B": "吲哚洛尔", "C": "硝苯地平", "D": "洛伐他汀"}, "answer": "硝苯地平", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "足月男孩,顺产,出生体重3.2kg,生后20小时开始出现黄疸,微量胆红素测定为221μmol/L。3.最主要的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "禁食母乳", "B": "大剂量维生素C", "C": "维生素E", "D": "光照疗法"}, "answer": "光照疗法", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,24岁。发作性呼吸困难2年,曾肺功能检查诊断:“支气管哮喘”,控制使用吸入糖皮质激素+长效β2受体激动剂,2天来症状加重,连续吸入短效β2受体激动剂效果欠佳。此时患者应首先采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服抗生素", "B": "再次吸入糖皮质激素+长效β2受体激动剂", "C": "继续吸入短效β2受体激动剂", "D": "口服糖皮质激素"}, "answer": "口服糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "骨软骨瘤临床表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肿块明显,并可见其表面静脉怒张", "B": "X线检查见骨膜反应", "C": "本身可无症状,但压迫周围组织可影响功能", "D": "肿块与周围界限不清"}, "answer": "本身可无症状,但压迫周围组织可影响功能", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对急性肾小球肾炎诊断最有意义的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋白尿和透明管型", "B": "蛋白尿和脓尿", "C": "血尿和红细胞管型", "D": "尿成堆白细胞和白细胞管型"}, "answer": "血尿和红细胞管型", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "月经周期中,促进卵泡发育成熟的主要激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卵泡刺激素", "B": "人绒毛膜促性腺激素", "C": "黄体生成素", "D": "孕激素"}, "answer": "卵泡刺激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "Th1细胞分泌的细胞因子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IL-4", "B": "IFN-γ", "C": "IL-10", "D": "IL-6"}, "answer": "IFN-γ", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,40岁。发作性心悸,头痛,大汗,发作时血压230/130mmHg,平素血压不高。对诊断最有帮助的是发作时测定尿(  )。", "options": {"A": "儿茶酚胺", "B": "蛋白", "C": "钾、钠、氯", "D": "钙、磷"}, "answer": "儿茶酚胺", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,38岁,10年前分娩后出现无乳,闭经,食欲减退,怕冷,面色苍白,毛发脱落。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺垂体功能减退症", "B": "原发性甲状腺功能减退症", "C": "神经性厌食症", "D": "卵巢功能早衰症"}, "answer": "腺垂体功能减退症", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.上述哪项是决定Ig型和亚型的部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "VL+VH", "B": "VL+CL", "C": "CH", "D": "CL"}, "answer": "CL", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.婴儿生长发育所需能量(  )。", "options": {"A": "占总能量的25%~30%", "B": "占总能量的7%~8%", "C": "占总能量的10%", "D": "占总能量的5%"}, "answer": "占总能量的25%~30%", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "怀疑腰椎间盘突出症时,神经损害定位诊断的主要依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CT", "B": "MRI", "C": "脊髓造影", "D": "临床表现"}, "answer": "临床表现", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.凝血时间延长.血浆凝血酶原时间正常,白陶土部分凝血活酶时间延长(  )。", "options": {"A": "凝血活酶形成障碍", "B": "凝血酶形成障碍", "C": "血小板质或量的异常", "D": "血管壁的异常"}, "answer": "凝血活酶形成障碍", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,35岁,左腰部受伤后出现腰痛。体检:血压125/90mmHg,P 80次/分,左肾区叩痛,腹膜刺激征(-)。尿常规检查:RBC 5~10个/HP。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾全层裂伤", "B": "肾蒂损伤", "C": "肾挫伤", "D": "自发性肾破裂"}, "answer": "肾挫伤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "巨噬细胞对外源性抗原的加工处理和呈递过程不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "吞噬体的形成", "B": "抗原肽在内质网中加工修饰", "C": "抗原降解成抗原肽", "D": "抗原肽与MHCⅡ类分子结合成复合物"}, "answer": "抗原肽在内质网中加工修饰", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初孕妇,26岁。妊娠38周,阴道流液4小时,无阵发性腹痛。体温36.8℃,腹部无压痛,胎心率140次/分,胎儿大小与实际孕周相符。血WBC 10×109/L。该患者最恰当的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "期待疗法", "B": "立即行剖宫产", "C": "不予处理,等待自然分娩", "D": "观察12小时,如仍未临产给予引产"}, "answer": "观察12小时,如仍未临产给予引产", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞分泌(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺泡上皮细胞", "B": "肺间质", "C": "毛细血管基膜和内皮细胞", "D": "肺泡表面活性物质"}, "answer": "肺泡表面活性物质", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心源性脑栓塞时,栓塞多发生的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大脑前动脉", "B": "大脑中动脉", "C": "大脑后动脉", "D": "基底动脉"}, "answer": "大脑中动脉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "脊柱结核主要的X线表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "椎体骨质增生和椎间隙狭窄", "B": "脊柱竹节样改变", "C": "椎体骨质破坏和椎间隙狭窄", "D": "椎体骨质破坏和椎间隙增宽"}, "answer": "椎体骨质破坏和椎间隙狭窄", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,54岁。因急性阑尾炎穿孔伴局限性腹膜炎,行阑尾切除术后4天,仍有腹痛、腹胀,体温38℃以上,大便3~5次/日,有下坠感。血WBC 18×109/L。2.为明确诊断,首先应做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤口检查", "B": "直肠指诊检查", "C": "X线胸腹部摄片", "D": "MRI"}, "answer": "直肠指诊检查", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.长效糖皮质激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可的松", "B": "地塞米松", "C": "氢化可的松", "D": "甲泼尼松龙"}, "answer": "地塞米松", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿接种过麻疹疫苗或用过免疫球蛋白,与患儿接触发生麻疹,往往表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "轻型麻疹", "B": "重型麻疹", "C": "异型麻疹", "D": "无症状性麻疹"}, "answer": "轻型麻疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪个症状属于交感神经节后纤维的兴奋症状?(  )", "options": {"A": "肌柬颤动", "B": "多汗", "C": "呼吸肌麻痹", "D": "支气管痉挛"}, "answer": "多汗", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,16岁,1个月前出现食量明显增加,不到就餐时间便出现饥饿,近来经常与同学争吵,检查发现右侧甲状腺部有一直径2cm结节,SPECT检查报告为热结节,另一有诊断意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血糖测定", "B": "心电图检查", "C": "FT3、FT4、TSH测定", "D": "血脂检查"}, "answer": "FT3、FT4、TSH测定", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.肺炎支原体肺炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "稽留高热", "B": "低热", "C": "不发热", "D": "热型不定"}, "answer": "热型不定", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.化脑儿治疗好转后,又发生前囟膨隆,颅骨透照试验阳性,可考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑积水", "B": "智力低下", "C": "囟门闭合延迟", "D": "硬膜下积液"}, "answer": "硬膜下积液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.细胞间相互作用缺乏活化第二信号,可导致淋巴细胞(  )。", "options": {"A": "克隆消除", "B": "克隆无能", "C": "免疫忽视", "D": "耐受分离"}, "answer": "克隆无能", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.急诊处方依法应保存的年限是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2年", "B": "1年", "C": "4年", "D": "5年"}, "answer": "1年", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "晚期血吸虫病中,下列哪项为最常见的临床类型?(  )", "options": {"A": "腹水型", "B": "侏儒型", "C": "脑型", "D": "肺型"}, "answer": "腹水型", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "机体受外源抗原刺激后,发生免疫应答的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓", "B": "淋巴结", "C": "胸腺", "D": "腔上囊"}, "answer": "淋巴结", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1岁男婴,2个月来多汗,夜惊,前囟2.5cm×2.5cm,出牙3颗,鸡胸,肋骨串珠,血钙2mmol/L(8mg/dl),门诊给予肌注维生素现D330万U,并口服钙剂。用药4周后来院复诊,夜间睡眠好,出汗减少,出牙7颗,前囟1.50n×1.5cm。继之应采用以下哪项治疗措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "停用维生素D3及钙剂", "B": "再给维生素D3 30万U,肌注,每周一次,共2次,并口服钙剂", "C": "每日口服维生素D3 400U及钙剂", "D": "每日口服维生素D3 800U及钙剂"}, "answer": "每日口服维生素D3 400U及钙剂", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1岁患儿,已诊断为“化脓性脑膜炎”,曾用青霉素加氯霉素治疗1周,病情好转,体温正常,近3d来又出现发热、抽搐,查体:前囟紧张,脑脊液检查示:外观清亮,白细胞12×106/L,蛋白450mg/L,氯化物110mmol/L,糖4.0mmol/L,应首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑膜炎复发", "B": "硬脑膜下积液(脓)", "C": "脑脓肿", "D": "脑膜炎后遗症"}, "answer": "硬脑膜下积液(脓)", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于慢性粒细胞白血病急性变,下列选项不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓和血中原始细胞一般为30%~80%", "B": "不出现髓外原始细胞浸润", "C": "20%~30%为急性淋巴细胞白血病变", "D": "为慢性粒细胞白血病的终末期"}, "answer": "不出现髓外原始细胞浸润", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不同年龄脊髓下端的位置与椎体的关系,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "出生时,脊髓下端位于第三腰椎", "B": "4岁时,脊髓下端位于第一腰椎", "C": "10岁时,脊髓下端位于第一腰椎", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "4岁时,脊髓下端位于第一腰椎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肝硬化最严重的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝性脑病", "B": "原发性腹膜炎", "C": "肝肾综合征", "D": "上消化道出血"}, "answer": "肝性脑病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "为预防风湿热发作,长效青霉素注射时间至少持续(  )。", "options": {"A": "3年", "B": "1年", "C": "5年", "D": "4年"}, "answer": "5年", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "正常情况下胰液进入十二指肠首先被激活的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胰蛋白酶原", "B": "激肽释放酶原", "C": "前磷脂酶", "D": "肠激酶原"}, "answer": "胰蛋白酶原", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "放置宫内节育器的注意事项不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "术后休息3日", "B": "术后2周禁性交及浴盆", "C": "术后未见尾丝应行超声检查", "D": "带铜节育器可放置5年"}, "answer": "术后未见尾丝应行超声检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.T细胞分化成熟的场所(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓", "B": "胸腺", "C": "脾脏", "D": "淋巴结"}, "answer": "胸腺", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有关胃肠道手术病人术前准备,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "术前8小时禁食", "B": "术前6小时禁水", "C": "幽门梗阻病人不必洗胃", "D": "直肠手术者术前1天口服抗生素"}, "answer": "术前8小时禁食", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在病人处于急性感染但无意识障碍的情况下,通常采用的医患关系模式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动一被动型", "B": "指导一合作型", "C": "共同参与型", "D": "父母与婴儿式的关系"}, "answer": "指导一合作型", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "参与替代途径激活补体的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgM", "B": "IgD", "C": "LPS", "D": "NBL"}, "answer": "LPS", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.佝偻病患儿治疗性服用维生素D的时间一般可以达(  )。", "options": {"A": "1个月", "B": "6个月", "C": "1年", "D": "2年"}, "answer": "1个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,28岁,自觉清晨双手指问和掌指关节强直半年,近2个月关节肿胀伴活动障碍。服用非甾体类抗炎药和金制剂等,疗效不满意。1.该患者可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "风湿性关节炎", "B": "类风湿性关节炎", "C": "痛风", "D": "骨性关节炎"}, "answer": "类风湿性关节炎", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,16岁,左小腿上段肿胀疼痛半年,近1个月来肿胀明显,夜间痛明显。查体:左胫骨上端肿胀严重,压痛明显,浅静脉怒张,扪及一6cm×7cm硬性肿块,固定、边界不清。X线片示左胫骨上段呈虫蚀状溶骨性破坏,骨膜反应明显,可见Codman三角。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左胫骨软骨肉瘤", "B": "左胫骨慢性骨髓炎", "C": "左胫骨骨巨细胞瘤恶变", "D": "左胫骨骨肉瘤"}, "answer": "左胫骨骨肉瘤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列药物不用于控制疟疾发作的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯喹", "B": "乙胺嘧啶", "C": "奎宁", "D": "青蒿素"}, "answer": "乙胺嘧啶", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "输血时主要考虑供血者的(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞不被受血者红细胞所凝集", "B": "红细胞不被受血者血浆所凝集", "C": "红细胞不发生叠连", "D": "血浆不使受血者血浆发生凝固"}, "answer": "红细胞不被受血者血浆所凝集", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.急性风湿热不伴有心脏炎者,应卧床休息(  )。", "options": {"A": "2周", "B": "4周", "C": "8周", "D": "2个月"}, "answer": "2周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于结合酶的叙述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一种辅助因子只与一种酶蛋白结合", "B": "辅助因子可以是有机化合物", "C": "全酶才具有催化作用", "D": "酶蛋白单独存在无催化活性"}, "answer": "一种辅助因子只与一种酶蛋白结合", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一女咨询者,35岁,某大学教师。3个月前因出国问题与领导争吵,而后逐渐表现出情绪低落、兴趣减退,对未来悲观失望,认为领导和同事都疏远她,常有怨天尤人的表现。能主动求医,接触良好。3.最佳的干预办法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "门诊精神科治疗", "B": "门诊心理治疗", "C": "门诊心理咨询", "D": "家庭或社会心理治疗"}, "answer": "门诊心理咨询", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿脑生长发育最快的时期是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生后第一个月", "B": "生后第一年", "C": "生后第三年", "D": "生后第四年"}, "answer": "生后第一年", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "左心功能不全、肺循环淤血的主要临床表现,下列哪项不正确?(  )。", "options": {"A": "咳嗽、咳痰,痰为浆液体,呈白色泡沫状", "B": "肺微小动脉压增高,血浆外渗,痰带血性", "C": "阵发性夜间呼吸困难", "D": "支气管痉挛,发作性哮喘"}, "answer": "肺微小动脉压增高,血浆外渗,痰带血性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医疗责任事故包括下述情形,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "遇复杂难题不执行上级医师指导,擅自处理造成过失", "B": "上级医师接到下级医师报告后不及时处理造成过失", "C": "由于相应职称的一般水平,能力不足而造成的过失", "D": "抢救时延误治疗而造成过失"}, "answer": "由于相应职称的一般水平,能力不足而造成的过失", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,68岁。近3个月来常有黏液血便,大便次数增多。有肛门坠胀及里急后重感,大便变细,上述症状进行性加重。查体:生命体征平稳,腹部无明显阳性体征。血、尿常规均正常。1.首选的检查应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙状结肠镜", "B": "腹部B超", "C": "腹部CT", "D": "直肠指检"}, "answer": "直肠指检", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于脑出血,最确切的诊断依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "均有偏瘫", "B": "60岁以上发病", "C": "脑脊液血性", "D": "突然偏瘫、头部CT见底节附近高密度影"}, "answer": "突然偏瘫、头部CT见底节附近高密度影", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "哪种药物用于防止疟疾复发及传播?(  )", "options": {"A": "奎宁", "B": "青蒿素", "C": "伯氨喹", "D": "氯喹"}, "answer": "伯氨喹", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哪型肝癌预后较好?(  )", "options": {"A": "层状纤维化型", "B": "小细胞型", "C": "胆管上皮型", "D": "混合细胞型"}, "answer": "层状纤维化型", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.不需要理解的“死记硬背”属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "有意识记", "B": "无意识记", "C": "意义识记", "D": "机械识记"}, "answer": "机械识记", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "建筑工人,从高处坠落,腰背挫伤,双下肢弛缓瘫痪,来院急诊。检查见腰椎不能活动,双侧腹股沟以下感觉、运动及反射消失。X线显示T12椎体压缩性骨折。入院后2h其双下肢功能遥渐恢复。该患者的脊髓伤可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓震荡", "B": "脊髓出血", "C": "脊髓水肿", "D": "脊髓受压"}, "answer": "脊髓震荡", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "颅内压增高症的头颅X光改变中,下列哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑回压迹加深", "B": "蝶鞍球形扩大、鞍底骨质破坏", "C": "鞍背及后床突骨质稀疏", "D": "幼儿前囟门不闭合"}, "answer": "蝶鞍球形扩大、鞍底骨质破坏", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,70岁,下台阶时摔伤髋部。查体:右下肢短缩3cm,足外旋45°,髋部叩压痛明显,旋转痛阳性髋部无明显肿胀,该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右髋骨折", "B": "右股骨干骨折", "C": "右股骨颈骨折", "D": "右粗隆间骨折"}, "answer": "右股骨颈骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "7个月婴儿,已患化脑2周,经大剂量青霉素加氯霉素静脉滴注治疗,发热持续不退。查体:嗜睡,前囟膨,颈强直,布氏征(+)。应采取何种措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "加大抗生素剂量", "B": "硬膜下穿刺", "C": "鞘内注射抗生素", "D": "侧脑室穿刺"}, "answer": "硬膜下穿刺", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "糖尿病合并妊娠,孕期血糖控制良好,终止妊娠的理想时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "妊娠32~33周", "B": "妊娠38~39周", "C": "妊娠34~35周", "D": "妊娠40周"}, "answer": "妊娠38~39周", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,33岁。2年来反复腹痛、腹泻,初为糊状便。每日排便2~3次,严重时排黏液脓血便伴里急后重。经当地医院抗炎治疗无效。近1个月来腹痛明显,有疼痛——便意——便后缓解的规律。查体:体温39.6℃,腹平软,下腹压痛,肠鸣音亢进。粪检:白细胞0~5个/HP,红细胞2~10个/HP,粪便细菌培养(-),阿米巴(-)。2.此患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠道菌群失调", "B": "肠易激综合征", "C": "溃疡性结肠炎", "D": "结肠癌"}, "answer": "溃疡性结肠炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小血管损伤后止血栓正确定位于损伤部位是由于血小板的哪一种生理特性?(  )", "options": {"A": "聚集", "B": "黏附", "C": "吸附", "D": "释放"}, "answer": "黏附", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.一般1岁后会行走时的佝偻病患儿,容易表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "乒乓颅", "B": "方颅", "C": "“O”型腿或“X”型腿", "D": "脊柱畸形"}, "answer": "“O”型腿或“X”型腿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿男,5岁。患结核性脑膜炎,控制炎症首选的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "链霉素+异烟肼+利福平+吡嗪酰胺", "B": "链霉素+对氨基水杨酸钠", "C": "链霉素+异烟肼+对氨基水杨酸钠", "D": "异烟肼+对氨基水杨酸钠"}, "answer": "链霉素+异烟肼+利福平+吡嗪酰胺", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,82岁,体检发现巨脾,WBC 150×109/L,以中晚幼粒细胞及嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞增多为主。首选药物为(  )。", "options": {"A": "美法仑", "B": "柔红霉素", "C": "阿糖胞苷", "D": "羟基脲"}, "answer": "羟基脲", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有一名16岁男孩,2小时前3楼掉下一花盆击伤左顶部,当时有短暂意识障碍。左顶部有1.5cm长头皮不全裂伤,局部头皮肿胀。正侧切位颅片示左顶1.0cm凹陷骨折,头颅CT示左顶凹陷骨折。2.治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应行凹陷骨折整复", "B": "不全裂伤头皮有活动出血应止血", "C": "观察后无颅内血肿形成", "D": "加压包扎"}, "answer": "加压包扎", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.上述物质运输内源性甘油三酯的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳糜微粒", "B": "极低密度脂蛋白", "C": "低密度脂蛋白", "D": "中间密度脂蛋白"}, "answer": "极低密度脂蛋白", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,5周岁,2周前曾患上呼吸道感染,目前不规则发热,易疲倦,脸色略苍白。查体:心率增快,心尖部第一心音减弱,并可闻及早搏。心电检查:P—R间期延长,ST段下移。实验室检查:C反应蛋白增高。3.该患儿首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "洋地黄类药物", "B": "地塞米松制剂", "C": "镇静剂", "D": "抗生素"}, "answer": "地塞米松制剂", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "铁锈色痰常见于大叶性肺炎的(  )。", "options": {"A": "灰色肝样变期", "B": "红色肝样变期", "C": "充血水肿期", "D": "溶解消散期"}, "answer": "红色肝样变期", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,21岁,不慎溺水后2小时出现呼吸困难急诊入院。查体:BP 90/60mmHg、R 40/分、P 120/分。烦躁不安,唇发绀,双肺可闻及湿啰音,胸片示双肺呈大片状浸润阴影。2.假设诊断成立,在治疗中应及早使用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高浓度鼻导管吸氧", "B": "面罩吸氧", "C": "输胶体液", "D": "PEEP"}, "answer": "PEEP", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是硫脲类抗甲状腺药引起的严重不良反应?(  )", "options": {"A": "再生障碍性贫血", "B": "低蛋白血症", "C": "粒细胞缺乏症", "D": "粘液性水肿"}, "answer": "粒细胞缺乏症", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于皮肤癣菌的描述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "只侵犯角化的表皮、毛发和指甲", "B": "病变是由其增殖及代谢产物的刺激而引起", "C": "一种皮肤癣菌只引起一种癣病", "D": "可根据菌落产生的特征,菌丝和孢子的特点鉴定皮肤癣菌的种类"}, "answer": "一种皮肤癣菌只引起一种癣病", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,26岁,1个月来,兴高采烈,话多,自觉思维敏捷“脑子特别灵”,“自己有超人才能”,整日忙碌不停,精力旺盛,爱表现自己,举止轻浮,好接近异性,食欲亢进,体重减轻,睡眠量减少,无疲倦感。4.该病人治疗的首选药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯丙嗪", "B": "碳酸锂", "C": "氟哌啶醇", "D": "卡马西平"}, "answer": "碳酸锂", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.神经细胞动作电位的主要组成为(  )。", "options": {"A": "锋电位", "B": "阈电位", "C": "局部电位", "D": "正后电位"}, "answer": "锋电位", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.关节结核(  )。", "options": {"A": "关节痛表现为病情缓慢,肿而不红,穿刺见脓液", "B": "关节痛表现为游走性,轻度红、肿、热,与天气变化有关", "C": "关节痛表现为急性发作,高热,红肿明显,不能活动,白细胞高,关节液自细胞甚多,中性粒细胞占0.90", "D": "关节附近痛,急性发作,高热,红肿不明显,深压痛,不愿意活动关节,白细胞明显增高"}, "answer": "关节痛表现为病情缓慢,肿而不红,穿刺见脓液", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "李女士的丈夫,平时什么都好,就是好赌,怎么劝也没用,为此夫妻俩经常吵架。李女士非常烦恼,几次想提出离婚,又于心不忍。李女士这种动机冲突类型属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "双趋冲突", "B": "双避冲突", "C": "趋避冲突", "D": "多重趋避冲突"}, "answer": "趋避冲突", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有一年青妇女在分娩过程中突然呼吸困难,口唇及四肢末端发绀而亡。尸检肺血管内有角化上皮等物,此患者死因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "气体栓塞", "B": "血栓栓塞", "C": "羊水栓塞", "D": "瘤细胞栓塞"}, "answer": "羊水栓塞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肾对葡萄糖的重吸收发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "近球小管", "B": "集合管", "C": "远球小管", "D": "髓袢"}, "answer": "近球小管", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.治疗霍奇金病首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "DA方案", "B": "CHP方案", "C": "MOPP方案", "D": "VP方案"}, "answer": "MOPP方案", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于胃酸生理作用的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "激活胃蛋白酶原", "B": "有助于小肠对铁和钙的吸收", "C": "促进小肠维生素B12的吸收", "D": "杀死胃内细菌"}, "answer": "促进小肠维生素B12的吸收", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.男,32岁,误服生鱼胆后恶心、呕吐、腹痛,腹泻伴少尿,尿比重,1.009,尿钠45mmol/L,Scr 225μmolL,BUN 8.97μmol/L。少尿最主要的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾小管坏死", "B": "肾后性急性肾衰竭", "C": "急进性肾小球肾炎", "D": "肾前性氮质血脂"}, "answer": "急性肾小管坏死", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.甲亢危象选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙硫氧嘧啶", "B": "甲状腺素", "C": "131I", "D": "甲巯咪唑"}, "answer": "丙硫氧嘧啶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,因外伤致胫骨内髁骨折,内侧1/3关节面下陷0.8cm,虽经治疗,骨折移位未见改变,哪种晚期并发症最可能出现?(  )", "options": {"A": "关节僵硬", "B": "关节强直", "C": "创伤性关节炎", "D": "关节外翻畸形"}, "answer": "创伤性关节炎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶积分降低多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "再生障碍性贫血", "B": "类白血病反应", "C": "慢性粒细胞白血病", "D": "脾功能亢进"}, "answer": "慢性粒细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "精子获能的主要部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "睾丸曲细精管", "B": "阴道", "C": "子宫腔", "D": "输卵管壶腹"}, "answer": "子宫腔", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "纤维素样坏死,常见于哪些组织?(  )", "options": {"A": "骨组织", "B": "结缔组织", "C": "肌肉组织", "D": "脂肪组织"}, "answer": "结缔组织", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男婴,胎龄266天,自然分娩,Apgar评分1分钟和5分钟为10分。体检时,下述哪一项反射阴性是正常的?(  )", "options": {"A": "颈肢反射", "B": "拥抱反射", "C": "腹壁反射", "D": "觅食反射"}, "answer": "腹壁反射", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不符合细菌性阴道病的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阴道分泌物呈鱼腥味改变,性交后加重", "B": "线索细胞阳性", "C": "碱性冲洗液阴道冲洗", "D": "首选甲硝唑、克林霉素等治疗"}, "answer": "碱性冲洗液阴道冲洗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "最能反映医患关系性质的是医务人员与患者之间的(  )。", "options": {"A": "信托关系", "B": "陌生人关系", "C": "类似父子或母女关系", "D": "商品关系"}, "answer": "信托关系", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿初次感染结核菌至产生变态反应的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "4~6d", "B": "1~2周", "C": "2.5~3周", "D": "4~8周"}, "answer": "4~8周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列情形中,属于三级医疗事故的是造成病员(  )。", "options": {"A": "残废或者严重功能障碍", "B": "残废或者功能障碍", "C": "残废", "D": "严重残废或者功能障碍"}, "answer": "残废或者功能障碍", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不直接参与Ⅲ型变态反应性血管炎的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肥大细胞", "B": "中性粒细胞", "C": "血小板", "D": "Th细胞"}, "answer": "Th细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1岁佝偻病患儿,合并重症支气管肺炎及心力衰竭,血钙8mg/dl,血清钾3.4mmol/L,最好采用下列哪一项处理?(  )", "options": {"A": "西地兰+钾", "B": "补钾+补钙", "C": "西地兰+钾+钙", "D": "西地兰"}, "answer": "西地兰+钾", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "亚急性细菌性心内膜炎最常见的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "草绿色链球菌", "B": "β溶血性链球菌", "C": "大肠杆菌", "D": "绿脓杆菌"}, "answer": "草绿色链球菌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.医疗机构从业人员的职业价值目标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "以患者为中心", "B": "人道行医", "C": "为人民健康服务", "D": "救死扶伤"}, "answer": "为人民健康服务", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,4岁,近3个月低热,乏力,OT试验1:2000(++),胸片显示有肺门淋巴结增大,治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "利福平+链霉素", "B": "异烟肼+利福平", "C": "链霉素+乙胺丁醇", "D": "利福平"}, "answer": "异烟肼+利福平", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一男孩出生后5个月发病。反复感染,淋巴组织中查不到mIg阳性细胞,无生发中心,扁桃体小,血清中IgG、IgA、IgD含量极低,T细胞功能正常。该疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Bruton(慢连无丙球血症)", "B": "Ig重链缺乏", "C": "婴儿暂时性低丙球血症", "D": "常见多变型免疫缺陷"}, "answer": "Bruton(慢连无丙球血症)", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,6岁。身高80cm,智能落后,仅能数1~20个数。体检:皮肤粗糙,毛发干枯,表情呆板,腹隆,四肢短小,骨龄摄片仅有4枚骨化核。1.为确诊应做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "智能测定", "B": "血清T3、T4、TSH测定", "C": "尿甲苯胺蓝试验", "D": "尿三氯化铁试验"}, "answer": "血清T3、T4、TSH测定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.发现乙类传染病病人时,农村应当发出报告的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "6h内", "B": "12h内", "C": "18h内", "D": "24h内"}, "answer": "24h内", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,58岁,渐发性双上肢震颤、活动不利半年。既往体健,无慢性疾病史。头颅MRI无异常发现。查体:面部表情呆滞,四肢肌张力增高,齿轮样,双上肢向前平伸时可见4或5次/分钟震颤,双手指鼻试验正常。1.体检时不可能发现的体征为(  )。", "options": {"A": "路林手现象", "B": "搓丸样动作", "C": "写字过小征", "D": "“开一关”现象"}, "answer": "“开一关”现象", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "属于B细胞的表面标志的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD3", "B": "CD4", "C": "SmIg", "D": "CD56"}, "answer": "SmIg", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "从生理学角度出发,体温是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直肠温度", "B": "舌下温度", "C": "机体表层平均温度", "D": "机体深部平均温度"}, "answer": "机体深部平均温度", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是新生儿化脓性脑膜炎,脑膜刺激征不明显的原因?(  )", "options": {"A": "颈肌尚不发达", "B": "脑膜炎症不如年长儿强", "C": "颅缝及前囟未闭,对颅压升高起缓冲作用", "D": "大脑处于抑制状态"}, "answer": "颅缝及前囟未闭,对颅压升高起缓冲作用", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "EAC和EA花结的阳性细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B细胞", "B": "T细胞", "C": "树突状细胞", "D": "中性粒细胞"}, "answer": "B细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对甲状腺功能调节的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "TSH可促进甲状腺增生并分泌T3、T4", "B": "甲状腺激素对TSH分泌有负反馈作用", "C": "甲状腺自身有适应碘供应变化的能力", "D": "甲状腺不受自主神经调节"}, "answer": "甲状腺不受自主神经调节", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,35岁。发热、咳黄痰10天,水肿伴恶心、呕吐、呼吸困难1周,1天前突发抽搐、昏迷。既往IgA肾病5年。查体:BP 180/110mmHg,贫血貌,深大呼吸,双中下肺野闻及湿啰音,心率120次/分。双下肢水肿。Hb 68g/L,Scr 1325μmol/L。2.当前最有效的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血液透析", "B": "输血", "C": "降压", "D": "抗感染"}, "answer": "血液透析", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "属于肿瘤病毒的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HIV", "B": "HBV", "C": "HTLV", "D": "EBV"}, "answer": "EBV", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "缺铁性贫血与感染性贫血的相同点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清铁降低", "B": "总铁结合力正常", "C": "骨髓铁粒幼红细胞增加", "D": "小细胞低色素性贫血"}, "answer": "血清铁降低", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.ATP合成部位在(  )。", "options": {"A": "线粒体内膜", "B": "线粒体膜间腔", "C": "线粒体基质", "D": "线粒体内膜F1-F0复合体"}, "answer": "线粒体内膜F1-F0复合体", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪项不是生长激素的直接作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "促进脂肪分解", "B": "促进软骨生长", "C": "增强脂肪酸氧化", "D": "抑制外周组织摄取、利用葡萄糖"}, "answer": "促进软骨生长", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "志贺菌属中易转为慢性,病程迁延的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "痢疾志贺菌", "B": "鲍氏志贺菌", "C": "福氏志贺菌", "D": "宋内志贺菌"}, "answer": "福氏志贺菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.胃溃疡表面毛细血管壁坏死、破裂(  )。", "options": {"A": "上腹部有规律性疼痛", "B": "大便隐血试验阳性", "C": "慢性穿孔", "D": "癌变"}, "answer": "大便隐血试验阳性", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "参与胶原合成后修饰的维生素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素B6", "B": "维生素C", "C": "维生素D", "D": "维生素A"}, "answer": "维生素C", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,20岁,奔跑后出现呼吸困难,喘憋伴哮鸣音。查体:双肺满布哮鸣音。1.考虑诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸道感染", "B": "运动性哮喘", "C": "心源性哮喘", "D": "变态反应性肺浸润"}, "answer": "运动性哮喘", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者行走不稳,在两眼看着地面时较轻,而在双目闭合或黑暗中加重,这是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小脑半球病变引起的共济失调", "B": "前庭神经核病变引起的共济失调", "C": "内耳前庭器病变引起的共济失调", "D": "脊髓后索病变引起的共济失调"}, "answer": "脊髓后索病变引起的共济失调", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "直接调节甲状腺素产生与分泌的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖皮质激素", "B": "促甲状腺激素", "C": "甲状旁腺素", "D": "降钙素"}, "answer": "促甲状腺激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,52岁,公司经理,吸烟10年,每天2包,体重75kg,身高166cm。1.从临床预防疾病的角度讲,应该检查的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝功能", "B": "冠状动脉造影", "C": "血脂", "D": "超声心动图"}, "answer": "血脂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "胰泌素引起的胰腺分泌胰液的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "水和HCO3-多,酶少", "B": "水和HCO3-多,酶多", "C": "水多,HCO3-和酶少", "D": "水和HCO3-和酶都多"}, "answer": "水和HCO3-多,酶少", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "初产妇,29,G2P0,现妊娠35周。既往孕24周,脊柱裂胎儿而行引产1次。此次妊娠早期经过顺利,妊娠32周时超声检查发现羊水过多,胎儿大于妊娠周数,未见明显畸形。孕妇体态肥胖,近期有多饮、多食、多尿症状。1.本例首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎盘早期剥离", "B": "妊娠期糖尿病", "C": "母儿血型不合", "D": "风疹病毒感染"}, "answer": "妊娠期糖尿病", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,40岁。发现血尿、蛋白尿5年。查体:BP 150/90mmHg,双下肢轻度凹陷性水肿。实验室检查:尿蛋白1.0~1.7g/d,尿RBC 5~15/HP,Scr 100μmol/L。B超示双肾大小正常。4.其治疗的最终目标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消除尿蛋白", "B": "延缓肾脏病进展", "C": "控制血压", "D": "消除血尿"}, "answer": "延缓肾脏病进展", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪项为重度低渗性脱水丢失的钠盐量?(  )", "options": {"A": "1.5~2.0g/kg体重", "B": "0.75~1.25g/kg体重", "C": "1.25~1.5g/kg体重", "D": "0.5~0.75g/kg体重"}, "answer": "0.75~1.25g/kg体重", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是诱导支气管平滑肌收缩主要的介质?(  )", "options": {"A": "白三烯", "B": "IL-2", "C": "激肽类物质DPG", "D": "组胺"}, "answer": "白三烯", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "骨肿瘤需要截肢的有(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨瘤", "B": "脊索瘤", "C": "骨肉瘤", "D": "骨样骨瘤"}, "answer": "骨肉瘤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "常见的应激行为反应包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "攻击", "B": "否认", "C": "恐惧", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "攻击", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.亚急性细菌性心内膜炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "瓣膜穿孔", "B": "室问隔缺损", "C": "瓣膜闭锁缘粟粒状赘生物", "D": "在已有病变的心瓣膜上形成菜花状、易脱落的赘生物"}, "answer": "在已有病变的心瓣膜上形成菜花状、易脱落的赘生物", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,47岁。胃癌手术后2年,下腹不适3个月。妇科检查:子宫正常大小,双侧附件区各触及一个拳头大小的椭圆形包块,移动性浊音(-)。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卵巢卵黄囊瘤", "B": "卵巢纤维瘤", "C": "卵巢库肯勃瘤", "D": "卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿"}, "answer": "卵巢库肯勃瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,65岁。肝区钝痛、低热、乏力4个月,有血吸虫疫水接触史,偶饮酒。查体:肝肋下3cm,质硬。HBsAg(+),ALT 60U,A/G 3.1,AFP先后检测2次,结果分别为200ng/mL和400ng/mL。诊断首先应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝脓肿", "B": "肝炎肝硬化", "C": "酒精性肝硬化", "D": "肝炎肝硬化合并原发性肝癌"}, "answer": "肝炎肝硬化合并原发性肝癌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列不属于风湿热的治疗的有(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺皮质激素", "B": "卧床休息", "C": "青霉素过敏时可改用红霉素", "D": "静脉注射丙种球蛋白"}, "answer": "静脉注射丙种球蛋白", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,30岁。因下肢水肿2周就诊。体检:血压27/13kPa(200/100mmHg),尿蛋白(+++)、红细胞10~15个/HP,血Cr 150μmol/L,血白蛋白32g/L。3.本例应首先考虑的进一步检查应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾活检术", "B": "排泄性肾盂造影", "C": "肾CT或MRI", "D": "肾静脉造影术"}, "answer": "肾活检术", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪种炎症介质具有化学趋化作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "组胺", "B": "缓激肽", "C": "白细胞三烯", "D": "活性氧代谢产物"}, "answer": "白细胞三烯", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "Addison病患者每天食盐摄入量不得少于(  )。", "options": {"A": "50g", "B": "20~30g", "C": "30~40g", "D": "8~10g"}, "answer": "8~10g", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "导致慢性肺心病最常见的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病", "B": "严重胸廓畸形", "C": "支气管哮喘", "D": "肺血栓栓塞症"}, "answer": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "Meta分析中异质性检验的目的是检验各个独立研究结果的(  )。", "options": {"A": "真实性", "B": "同质性", "C": "代表性", "D": "敏感性"}, "answer": "同质性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "神经衰弱的核心症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "思维迟钝", "B": "无愉快感", "C": "精神易兴奋", "D": "精神易疲劳"}, "answer": "精神易疲劳", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "新生儿早发型败血症指(  )。", "options": {"A": "生后3~7天后发病", "B": "生后一周尤其3天内起病", "C": "出生7天后发病", "D": "出生10天发病"}, "answer": "生后一周尤其3天内起病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于子宫下段的描述,下列哪项是不恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "子宫上、下段肌壁薄厚不同,在产程中上、下段交界处在子宫内面形成一环状隆起,称为生理性缩复环", "B": "临产后子宫收缩的极性作用,峡部被拉长形成子宫下段", "C": "系由子宫峡部形成,非孕时长1cm", "D": "子宫下段常被作为剖宫产术子宫切开处"}, "answer": "临产后子宫收缩的极性作用,峡部被拉长形成子宫下段", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎,首选的抗生素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素", "B": "氨苄西林", "C": "耐青霉素酶青霉素", "D": "先锋霉素"}, "answer": "耐青霉素酶青霉素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "普萘洛尔的药理作用为(  )。", "options": {"A": "升高眼内压", "B": "拮抗交感神经活性", "C": "促进肾素释放", "D": "促进血小板聚集"}, "answer": "拮抗交感神经活性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,54岁。双腕、双手近端指间关节、掌指关节肿痛3年,晨僵1小时。查体:双腕、双手2~4掌指关节及3~4近端指间关节肿胀,压痛(+),ANA(-)。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "痛风关节炎", "B": "类风湿关节炎", "C": "强直性脊柱炎", "D": "反应性关节炎"}, "answer": "类风湿关节炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪一项不是肝硬化出血的原因?(  )", "options": {"A": "肝合成凝血物质功能下降", "B": "骨髓造血小板功能下降", "C": "侧支循环形成后常引起呕血、便血,导致大量血小板丢失", "D": "胃肠淤血,对维生素K的吸收功能减弱"}, "answer": "骨髓造血小板功能下降", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪项不是小脑幕裂孔疝常见的症状?(  )", "options": {"A": "一侧动眼神经麻痹", "B": "一侧面神经麻痹", "C": "意识障碍", "D": "剧烈头痛,频繁呕吐"}, "answer": "一侧面神经麻痹", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于动脉栓塞的描述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "栓子多为肺源性", "B": "栓子多为心源性", "C": "栓子多来自动脉穿刺损伤处", "D": "栓塞部位上肢较下肢多见"}, "answer": "栓子多为心源性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "参与构成视觉细胞内感光物质的维生素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素D", "B": "维生素A", "C": "维生素B2", "D": "维生素C"}, "answer": "维生素A", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "死亡率最高的女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "恶性滋养细胞肿瘤", "B": "子宫颈癌", "C": "外阴癌", "D": "卵巢癌"}, "answer": "卵巢癌", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "多巴胺舒张肾血管的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阻断α受体", "B": "激动M胆碱受体", "C": "激动多巴胺受体", "D": "使组胺释放"}, "answer": "激动多巴胺受体", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.手足无力、括约肌功能障碍、脚踩棉花感最可能的颈椎病类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓型颈椎病", "B": "交感神经型颈椎病", "C": "神经根型颈椎病", "D": "复合型颈椎病"}, "answer": "脊髓型颈椎病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "正常足月儿生后可抱至母亲处给予吸吮的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生后半小时左右", "B": "生后4小时左右", "C": "生后1小时左右", "D": "生后8小时左右"}, "answer": "生后半小时左右", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.与体表化脓感染相关的肝脓肿的常见致病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大肠埃希菌", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "C": "铜绿假单胞菌", "D": "艰难梭状芽胞杆菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对判断白细胞分布异常最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素试验", "B": "骨髓细胞学检查", "C": "白细胞聚集试验", "D": "氢化可的松试验"}, "answer": "骨髓细胞学检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "颈部转移性肿瘤的原发灶多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "鼻咽部", "B": "肺", "C": "乳房", "D": "胃肠道"}, "answer": "鼻咽部", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "胃大部分切除术后患者出现贫血,其主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HCl减少", "B": "内因子减少", "C": "HCO3-减少", "D": "胃蛋白酶活性减弱"}, "answer": "HCl减少", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,19岁。咽痛、发热伴咳嗽2周,眼睑水肿伴肉眼血尿3天。查体:BP 150/100mmHg,全身皮肤无皮疹。实验室检查:尿蛋白(++),尿红细胞30~40/HP,管型3~5/LP,血C3降低,Scr 126μmol/L。4.【假设信息】若患者4天后出现尿量进行性减少,肌酐进行性升高,应首先考虑进行的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "同位素肾动态显像", "B": "肾穿刺活检", "C": "泌尿系统B超", "D": "静脉肾盂造影"}, "answer": "肾穿刺活检", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是乙型脑炎病毒的主要传播途径?(  )", "options": {"A": "性接触传播", "B": "消化道传播", "C": "虫媒传播", "D": "呼吸道传播"}, "answer": "虫媒传播", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,80岁。摔伤致右肱骨外科颈粉碎性骨折,伴有高血压、肺心病。其最佳治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "三角巾悬吊", "B": "切开复位钢板内固定术", "C": "切开复位髓内针固定术", "D": "手法复位外固定术"}, "answer": "三角巾悬吊", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.瘤型麻风(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫隔离部位抗原暴露", "B": "胸腺微环境基质细胞缺陷", "C": "Ts细胞优势活化", "D": "免疫忽视的自身应答性T细胞活化"}, "answer": "Ts细胞优势活化", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,55岁。寒战、高热一周,伴右上腹胀痛,无胆绞痛史。查体:T 39℃,P 100次/分。BP 129/80mmHg。巩膜无黄染,右季肋部隆起,肝脏肿大、质中、触痛,上腹部肌紧张。血白细胞20×109/L,核左移,AFP阴性。首先应考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性化脓性胆囊炎", "B": "阿米巴性肝脓肿", "C": "原发性肝癌", "D": "急性细菌性肝脓肿"}, "answer": "急性细菌性肝脓肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.富含apoB100的血浆脂蛋白是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CM", "B": "VLDL", "C": "IDL", "D": "LDL"}, "answer": "LDL", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.HLA-DR是(  )。", "options": {"A": "异种抗原", "B": "肿瘤相关抗原", "C": "异嗜性抗原", "D": "同种异型抗原"}, "answer": "同种异型抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,45岁。5年来每于餐后半小时出现上腹饱胀、疼痛,持续约2个小时后可自行缓解,常有反酸、嗳气、偶有大便颜色发黑。近期行上消化道X线钡剂造影提示胃窦小弯侧1cm大小壁外龛影,边缘光滑。该患者若手术治疗,常采用的术式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃大部切除术(毕Ⅱ式吻合)", "B": "胃大部切除术(毕Ⅰ式吻合)", "C": "全胃切除术", "D": "选择性迷走神经切除术"}, "answer": "胃大部切除术(毕Ⅰ式吻合)", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "尿蛋白主要为白蛋白的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小管性蛋白尿", "B": "肾小球性蛋白尿", "C": "分泌性蛋白尿", "D": "组织性蛋白尿"}, "answer": "肾小球性蛋白尿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,20岁。左乳肿块2年,增长缓慢。查体:左乳外上象限扪及2.5cm分叶肿块,质硬,光滑,边界清楚,活动,无压痛,左侧腋窝未扪及肿大淋巴结。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺癌", "B": "乳房纤维腺瘤", "C": "乳房内瘤", "D": "乳管内乳头状瘤"}, "answer": "乳房纤维腺瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列有关巨噬细胞作用的描述,哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "在急性炎症早期和化脓性炎症时常见", "B": "有吞噬作用,可吞噬细菌等", "C": "IgG和C3b增强其吞噬作用", "D": "吞噬后在细胞内形成吞噬溶酶体"}, "answer": "在急性炎症早期和化脓性炎症时常见", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列属于抗凝药的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿激酶", "B": "低分子肝素", "C": "链激酶", "D": "阿司匹林"}, "answer": "低分子肝素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "细胞膜在静息情况下,对下列离子通透性最大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Na+", "B": "K+", "C": "Cl﹣", "D": "Ca2+"}, "answer": "K+", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "心肌的等长调节通过改变下述哪个因素调节心脏的泵血功能?(  )", "options": {"A": "肌钙蛋白活性", "B": "肌浆游离Ca2+", "C": "心肌收缩能力", "D": "横桥ATP酶活性"}, "answer": "心肌收缩能力", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,67岁。3周前无明显诱因出现咳嗽,咳黄白痰带血丝,经抗生素治疗效果不佳。体检:体温37.8℃,血压正常,右上肺呼吸音稍弱伴少许湿啰音。血常规WBC 14×109/L,N 0.85。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎链球菌肺炎", "B": "肺纤维化", "C": "急性胸腔积液", "D": "肺癌合并肺部感染"}, "answer": "肺癌合并肺部感染", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,70岁。突发剧烈头痛、呕吐,左侧肢体活动障碍6小时,昏迷5小时。1小时前呕暗红色血液1次。应首先考虑的呕血原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性胃黏膜突变", "B": "Dieulafoy病变", "C": "肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张破裂", "D": "十二指肠溃疡"}, "answer": "急性胃黏膜突变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对系统性红斑狼疮的诊断常用而有价值的病理检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾穿刺", "B": "肺穿刺", "C": "淋巴结活检", "D": "皮肤狼疮带试验"}, "answer": "皮肤狼疮带试验", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "给某患者静脉注射20%葡萄糖液50ml,患者尿量显著增加,尿糖定性阳性,分析该患者尿量增多的主要原因(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球滤过率增大", "B": "肾小管溶质浓度增加", "C": "肾小管对Na+吸收减少", "D": "血容量增大"}, "answer": "肾小管溶质浓度增加", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,23岁。1个月前分娩后出现失眠、心情烦躁。近2周加重,认为自己很笨,没有能力带好小孩,怕小孩夭折,觉得丈夫不再喜欢自己了,猜疑丈夫有外遇,整日以泪洗面,称不想活了,基至要带着孩子一起去死,遂入院治疗。3.目前可换用的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "非典型抗精神病药+抗抑郁药物", "B": "电抽搐治疗+抗抑郁药物", "C": "心境稳定剂+非典型抗精神病药", "D": "心境稳定剂+抗抑郁药物"}, "answer": "心境稳定剂+非典型抗精神病药", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.对脑血管选择性作用最强的钙拮抗药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尼群地平", "B": "尼莫地平", "C": "硝苯地平", "D": "维拉帕米"}, "answer": "尼莫地平", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.胎体纵轴与母体纵轴的关系称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎势", "B": "胎先露", "C": "骨盆轴", "D": "胎产式"}, "answer": "胎产式", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "50岁男性,外伤后致胫腓骨中1/3骨折,手法复位后,长腿石膏管型外固定。4周后,石膏管型于膝部有折断,未给处理,3个月后X线片复查见骨折略有移位,骨折线清晰。1.影响骨折愈合的最主要的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "年龄较大", "B": "伤口有感染", "C": "周围软组织挫伤严重", "D": "骨折固定不确实"}, "answer": "骨折固定不确实", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,24岁,3小时前车祸致左股骨上段骨折,骨端外露,X线片示为小斜折,此时该患的最佳治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "清创,骨折复位,髓针内固定加外固定", "B": "清创缝合,夹板固定", "C": "清创缝合,石膏固定", "D": "清创缝合,手法复位,夹板固定"}, "answer": "清创,骨折复位,髓针内固定加外固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "诊断有机磷中毒最重要的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "出现毒蕈碱和烟碱样症状", "B": "确切的接触史", "C": "血胆碱酯酶活性降低", "D": "呕吐物和衣服有大蒜味"}, "answer": "血胆碱酯酶活性降低", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "引起慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)肺动脉高压最重要的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺小动脉原位血栓形成", "B": "肺小动脉痉挛", "C": "肺小动脉壁纤维化", "D": "肺小动脉微血栓栓塞"}, "answer": "肺小动脉痉挛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某患者多食、多饮、多尿,血糖浓度为200mmol/L,尿糖(+)。下列哪项是其尿量增加主要原因?(  )", "options": {"A": "肾小球滤过率增加", "B": "肾小管中溶质浓度增加", "C": "血浆晶体渗透压升高", "D": "醛固酮分泌增加"}, "answer": "肾小管中溶质浓度增加", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.对麦角胺咖啡因无效的偏头痛可用(  )。", "options": {"A": "非类固醇吲哚美辛药物", "B": "5-羟色胺受体激动剂", "C": "普萘洛尔、苯噻啶等药物", "D": "皮质类固醇"}, "answer": "5-羟色胺受体激动剂", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胎儿宫内感染时,脐带血中含量增高的免疫球蛋白是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgA", "B": "IgG", "C": "IgM", "D": "IgE"}, "answer": "IgM", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "幻觉是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑的一种丰富想象的思维过程", "B": "感觉器官在梦幻中的一种知觉体验", "C": "感觉器官对客观事物的错误知觉体验", "D": "感觉器官缺乏客观刺激时的知觉体验"}, "answer": "感觉器官缺乏客观刺激时的知觉体验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.废弃物品,动物尸体(  )。", "options": {"A": "焚烧", "B": "烧灼", "C": "干烤", "D": "红外线"}, "answer": "焚烧", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.卵巢黄体功能不全子宫内膜的表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "月经5~6日刮宫子宫内膜呈增生期和分泌期并存", "B": "月经5~6日刮宫子宫内膜呈分泌型", "C": "经前诊断性刮宫子宫内膜呈蜕膜反应", "D": "经前诊断性刮宫子宫内膜呈分泌不良"}, "answer": "经前诊断性刮宫子宫内膜呈分泌不良", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某男,40岁,突发寒战、稽留型高热、剧烈头痛入院,给予青霉素治疗3天无明显好转。第4天于胸、背、肩等处出现红色斑丘疹,进一步检查诊断为斑疹伤寒,应选用的治疗药物为(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯霉素", "B": "红霉素", "C": "四环素", "D": "头孢菌素"}, "answer": "四环素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "慢性粒细胞白血病患者,白细胞65×109/L,巨脾,出现左上腹剧痛,诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺梗死", "B": "心绞痛", "C": "脾梗死脾周炎", "D": "肾结石"}, "answer": "脾梗死脾周炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,30岁,活动后心悸气短2年,1周前受凉后出现咳嗽咳白痰。有风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄史,查体:高枕卧位,BP 90/60mmHg,双肺底可闻及较密的细湿啰音,心率140次/分,心律绝对不齐,S1强弱不一,治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "西地兰", "B": "青霉素", "C": "硝普钠", "D": "美托洛尔"}, "answer": "西地兰", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,66岁。腰痛、消瘦半年、双下肢水肿3个月,既往有高血压病史5年。查体:BP 120/80mmHg,贫血貌,双下肢中度凹陷性水肿,尿常规:RBC 0~2/HP,尿蛋白(++++),尿蛋白定量3.6g/d,血Hb 78g/L,Scr 88umol/L,TP 86g/L,ALB 28g/L。B超提示双侧肾大小形态正常。1.该患者目前最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾病综合征", "B": "急进性肾小球肾炎", "C": "慢性肾小球肾炎", "D": "无症状性蛋白尿"}, "answer": "慢性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "支气管肺癌病人,近年来出现头面部,颈部和上肢水肿。查体可见颈静脉怒张,其发生是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "癌转移致心包积液", "B": "下腔静脉阻塞", "C": "上腔静脉阻塞", "D": "以上均有可能"}, "answer": "上腔静脉阻塞", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,40岁。患十二指肠溃疡,择期经上腹正中切口行胃大部切除术,并置切口内乳胶片引流。2.正常情况下,该患者拆线时间应为术后(  )。", "options": {"A": "3~4天", "B": "5~6天", "C": "7~9天", "D": "10~12天"}, "answer": "7~9天", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于手外伤后手部功能恢复的原则,下列哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "早期准确的复位和牢固的固定", "B": "早期进行功能锻炼,防止关节僵硬", "C": "治疗目的的以恢复灵活的功能为主", "D": "固定邻近的手指和关节防止再移位"}, "answer": "固定邻近的手指和关节防止再移位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于M1的叙述,正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓增生活跃,原粒细胞占未分化细胞的比例>90%", "B": "NAP升高", "C": "最易发生DIC及中枢神经系统白血病", "D": "CD19(+)CD33(-)HLA-DR(+)"}, "answer": "骨髓增生活跃,原粒细胞占未分化细胞的比例>90%", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "脑干胶质瘤最早出现的临床表现常为(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅神经麻痹", "B": "脑积水", "C": "头痛", "D": "视乳头水肿"}, "answer": "颅神经麻痹", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.髋关节单纯滑膜结核或单纯骨结核早期及时治疗,其结果可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "髋关节功能保存", "B": "髋关节骨性强直", "C": "局部形成寒性脓肿", "D": "局部形成窦道"}, "answer": "髋关节功能保存", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列不属于十二指肠球部溃疡并发症的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "幽门梗阻", "B": "癌变", "C": "出血", "D": "慢性穿孔"}, "answer": "癌变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "营养不良患儿皮下脂肪消减的顺序是(  )。", "options": {"A": "面颊部—腹部—躯干—臀部—四肢", "B": "躯干—臀部—四肢—腹部—面颊部", "C": "腹部—躯干—臀部—四肢—面颊部", "D": "躯干—臀部—腹部—面颊部"}, "answer": "腹部—躯干—臀部—四肢—面颊部", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "孕妇需要蛋白质的最高量是在(  )。", "options": {"A": "孕1期", "B": "孕2期", "C": "孕3期", "D": "孕晚期"}, "answer": "孕晚期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.脑膜炎奈瑟菌的主要致病因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内毒素", "B": "外毒素", "C": "神经毒素", "D": "细胞毒素"}, "answer": "内毒素", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于破伤风痉挛毒素的特性,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制闰细胞(Renshaw cell)释放介质", "B": "仅作用于外周神经", "C": "口服不致病", "D": "毒素必须由裂解后的轻链与细胞上受体结合才能发挥致病作用"}, "answer": "仅作用于外周神经", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.单位时间内能将多少升血浆中的药物全部清除掉是(  )。", "options": {"A": "清除率", "B": "消除速率常数", "C": "零级动力学消除", "D": "一级动力学消除"}, "answer": "清除率", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "脂肪酸β-氧化发生部位(  )。", "options": {"A": "胞液", "B": "内质网", "C": "胞液和线粒体", "D": "胞液和内质网"}, "answer": "胞液和线粒体", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "流行性乙型脑炎的病理类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "变质性炎症", "B": "化脓性炎症", "C": "增生性炎症", "D": "肉芽肿性炎症"}, "answer": "变质性炎症", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "典型麻疹的出疹顺序是(  )。", "options": {"A": "先四肢,而颈部,渐至面部、躯干", "B": "先躯干、四肢,后手掌、足跖", "C": "先耳后、发际,渐至面部、躯干、四肢,最后手心足心", "D": "先额部、面部,后四肢、躯干"}, "answer": "先耳后、发际,渐至面部、躯干、四肢,最后手心足心", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,55岁。进行性吞咽困难3个月,体重下降5kg,目前能进半流食。3.进一步确诊的首选检查方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部CT", "B": "食管超声波检查", "C": "食管拉网", "D": "食管镜检查活检"}, "answer": "食管镜检查活检", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "传播疟疾的主要媒介是(  )。", "options": {"A": "三带喙蚊", "B": "中华按蚊", "C": "淡色蚊", "D": "白蛉子"}, "answer": "中华按蚊", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列指标中,目前临床诊断甲型病毒性肝炎采用(  )。", "options": {"A": "HAV-RNA", "B": "HAV-IgM", "C": "HAV-IgG", "D": "HAV组织培养分离病毒"}, "answer": "HAV-IgM", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "腰间盘突出症与椎管内肿瘤最有鉴别意义的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CT", "B": "X线片", "C": "MRI", "D": "肌电图"}, "answer": "MRI", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列不属于职业卫生服务原则的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "保护和预防原则", "B": "全面的初级卫生保健原则", "C": "健康促进原则", "D": "治疗优先原则"}, "answer": "治疗优先原则", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,64岁。30年前曾患右上肺结核,经INH、SM和PAS治疗约1年。5年前病灶复发,痰结核杆菌(++),应用2HRZ/4HR治疗,痰菌转阴。病灶吸收满意。近1个月咳嗽、血痰再次就诊。X线示右上肺前段阻塞性炎症,支气管分层摄影见前段支气管阻塞。痰脱落细胞和抗酸杆菌均阴性,痰培养有白色念珠菌生长。重度吸烟史30余年,近年来上二楼稍感气急。2.为确诊,进一步检查应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管造影", "B": "MRI", "C": "核素扫描", "D": "纤维支气管镜检查"}, "answer": "纤维支气管镜检查", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "90%散发性先天性甲状腺功能低下的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺发育不全或不发育", "B": "甲状腺激素合成障碍", "C": "靶器官反应低下", "D": "碘缺乏"}, "answer": "甲状腺发育不全或不发育", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.胎心率减速与宫缩无固定关系,下降迅速且下降幅度大,恢复也迅速,临床提示的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎儿受镇静药物影响", "B": "宫缩时脐带受压", "C": "胎儿缺氧", "D": "胎儿状况良好"}, "answer": "宫缩时脐带受压", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列痈的处理方法中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中央部坏死组织多,全身症状重者,应手术治疗", "B": "切开至皮肤全层", "C": "尽量剪除坏死组织", "D": "唇痈不宜切开"}, "answer": "切开至皮肤全层", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某研究者,为了验证氯霉素对伤寒的疗效,在408例伤寒病人中进行对照实验,其中251例用氯霉素治疗,其余157例不用。结果使用组251人中死亡20人,死亡率7.07%,未用组157人中死亡36人,病死率22.8%,已有结论被亲自证实。1.下列哪一种叙述是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "无道德代价的实验,在医学科学方面并非都能做到", "B": "人体实验在临床医学中的价值和道德意义是无可非议的", "C": "在临床医学研究中,使用安慰剂是心理实验,但要付出道德代价", "D": "无道德代价的实验,在医学科学方面是可以全部做到的"}, "answer": "无道德代价的实验,在医学科学方面是可以全部做到的", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.急性普通型肝炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "点状坏死", "B": "桥接坏死", "C": "大片状坏死", "D": "凝固性坏死"}, "answer": "点状坏死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肠道杆菌所没有的一种抗原是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鞭毛抗原", "B": "菌体抗原", "C": "M抗原", "D": "Vi抗原"}, "answer": "M抗原", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,40岁。体重80kg,躯干背侧全部烧伤,2/3为浅Ⅱ°,1/3为深Ⅱ°,入院后最初8小时的补液量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1560ml", "B": "1780ml", "C": "1872ml", "D": "1936ml"}, "answer": "1780ml", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,44岁,有咳嗽,咳痰史5年,伴喘息,入院前3天因受寒咳嗽,喘加重,咳黄痰入院,入院时查体,桶状胸,叩诊过清音,肺肝界右锁中线第七肋间,双肺干、湿啰音及散在哮鸣音,肺功能:FEV1/FVC为56%,MVV60%,VC降低,RV/TLC为43%。住院第2天,下床时用力过度出现胸痛,呼吸困难,查体:右胸叩诊鼓音,呼吸音消失,发绀。1.此患者入院时最可能诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管哮喘,肺气肿", "B": "支气管扩张症,肺气肿", "C": "慢性气管炎喘息型,阻塞性肺气肿", "D": "支气管肺癌并肺气肿"}, "answer": "慢性气管炎喘息型,阻塞性肺气肿", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,20岁。平素健康,淋雨后,突发寒战、高热、头痛。第2天出现右侧胸痛、咳嗽、咳痰,胸片示右上肺大片实变影。2.最可能诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "大叶性肺炎", "B": "胸膜增厚", "C": "肺脓肿", "D": "肺结核"}, "answer": "大叶性肺炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "与免疫复合物无关的肾小球肾炎是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新月体性肾炎", "B": "轻微病变性肾炎(脂性肾病)", "C": "急性弥漫增生性肾炎", "D": "膜性增生性肾炎"}, "answer": "轻微病变性肾炎(脂性肾病)", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于肾脏对葡萄糖重吸收的描述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "重吸收部位仅限近端小管", "B": "经过通道的易化扩散进行", "C": "需要转运蛋白", "D": "葡萄糖的重吸收与Na+的转运密切相关"}, "answer": "经过通道的易化扩散进行", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女孩,2岁。反复发作喘息4次以上,昨又突然发作喘息,查两肺满布哮鸣音,皮下注射肾上腺素后,哮鸣音明显减少。患儿幼时对花粉过敏,母有哮喘史。2.患儿如呈哮喘持续状态,有效的紧急处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "气管切开", "B": "毛花苷丙(西地兰)注射", "C": "甘露醇注射", "D": "氢化可的松静脉滴注"}, "answer": "氢化可的松静脉滴注", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某医疗机构发现了甲类传染病,此时应及时采取的措施中不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "对病人、病原携带者.予以隔离治疗,隔离期限根据医学检查结果确定", "B": "对疑似病人,确诊前在指定场所单独隔离治疗", "C": "拒绝隔离治疗或者隔离期未满擅自脱离隔离治疗的留下其书面意见可以放行", "D": "对本医疗机构内被传染病病原体污染的物品,必须实施消毒和无害化处置"}, "answer": "拒绝隔离治疗或者隔离期未满擅自脱离隔离治疗的留下其书面意见可以放行", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "中年妇女,剧咳后右大腿卵圆窝部肿物突然增大、变硬,疼痛难忍。1d后用手法还纳后,出现剧烈的持续性下腹痛,并有明显的腹肌紧张、压痛与反跳痛,最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "难复性疝", "B": "嵌顿疝", "C": "绞窄性疝", "D": "急性腹膜炎"}, "answer": "急性腹膜炎", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪一种组合是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "谵妄——幻觉,错觉,昼轻夜重", "B": "神经衰弱——焦虑,疑病,幻觉", "C": "精神运动性抑制——抑郁,冲动", "D": "意识障碍——谵妄,昏睡"}, "answer": "神经衰弱——焦虑,疑病,幻觉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪项是3个月以下小儿化脓性脑膜炎临床表现特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "高热头痛", "B": "颅压增高症状明显", "C": "症状表现不典型", "D": "全身性痉挛反复发作"}, "answer": "症状表现不典型", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "11个月小儿,发热3天,体温39.0℃,呕吐2次,抽搐1次。体检:神志清,精神萎靡,皮肤无出血点,前囟稍隆起,颈略抵抗,Barbinski征阳性。曾于半岁时有高热惊厥1次。4.应采取的预防措施,以下不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "痊愈出院前应服用利福平4天", "B": "可注射被动免疫预防", "C": "加强卫生知识宣传", "D": "合理喂养,增强机体免疫力"}, "answer": "可注射被动免疫预防", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.上述病原体中,最常见于社区获得性肺炎的是(  )", "options": {"A": "肺炎克雷伯杆菌", "B": "大肠埃希菌", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "D": "流感嗜血杆菌"}, "answer": "流感嗜血杆菌", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "麻疹急性期出现细胞免疫功能下降应该考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "暂时性的免疫抑制状态", "B": "原发性的免疫缺陷综合征的证据", "C": "一种预后不良的指标", "D": "一种不可能出现的现象"}, "answer": "暂时性的免疫抑制状态", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于Trendelenburg试验.错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "检测大隐静脉瓣膜功能", "B": "检测小隐静脉瓣膜功能", "C": "患者先平卧,下肢抬高,使静脉排空,再上止血带,压迫浅静脉主干", "D": "患者站立,10秒钟后释放止血带"}, "answer": "患者站立,10秒钟后释放止血带", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于贮存铁,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "以铁蛋白和含铁血黄素形式存在", "B": "含铁血黄素可能是变性的铁蛋白", "C": "体内铁主要贮存在肝、脾、骨髓中", "D": "铁蛋白不溶于水,由皮肤细胞代谢"}, "answer": "铁蛋白不溶于水,由皮肤细胞代谢", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.奠定西方医学人道传统的文献是(  )。", "options": {"A": "《黄帝内经》", "B": "孙思邈的《备急千金要方》", "C": "希波克拉底的《希波克拉底誓言》", "D": "帕茨瓦尔的《医学伦理学》"}, "answer": "希波克拉底的《希波克拉底誓言》", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心尖部收缩中晚期喀喇音提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "二尖瓣脱垂", "B": "室壁瘤形成", "C": "二尖瓣狭窄", "D": "室间隔穿孔"}, "answer": "二尖瓣脱垂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.系统性红斑狼疮(  )。", "options": {"A": "超敏反应病", "B": "免疫缺陷病", "C": "自身免疫病", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "自身免疫病", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一男性患者,40岁,诉头痛、头晕,颈侧弯后伸后头晕加重并出现猝倒。肱二头肌腱反射亢进,颈椎斜位片显示钩椎关节增生。最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体位性眩晕", "B": "脊髓肿瘤", "C": "椎动脉型颈椎病", "D": "粘连性蜘蛛膜炎"}, "answer": "椎动脉型颈椎病", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.临床急救的伦理学要求是(  )。", "options": {"A": "勇担风险,团结协作", "B": "掌握手术指征,动机纯正", "C": "以健康、稳定的情绪影响患者", "D": "对症下药,剂量安全"}, "answer": "勇担风险,团结协作", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.股疝最恰当的手术方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "疝囊高位结扎术", "B": "Bassini法修补术", "C": "McVay法修补术", "D": "Fcrguson法修补术"}, "answer": "McVay法修补术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.胃蛋白酶水解的片段是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2Fab段+Fc段", "B": "F(ab’)2+Fc’", "C": "可变区", "D": "稳定区"}, "answer": "F(ab’)2+Fc’", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,28岁。既往月经规律,现停经45天,发现阴道流出少量咖啡色物2天,无腹痛,尿hCG(+)。2.对确诊最有帮助的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血β-hCG", "B": "血常规", "C": "B超检查", "D": "妇科检查"}, "answer": "B超检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.流行性乙型脑炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "增生性炎症", "B": "变质性炎症", "C": "渗出性炎症", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "变质性炎症", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "腹膜炎典型的三联征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "压痛,反跳痛,腹肌紧张", "B": "腹痛,腹泻,腹部包块", "C": "压痛,反跳痛,腹部包块", "D": "腹痛,腹泻,腹部包块"}, "answer": "压痛,反跳痛,腹肌紧张", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在全球致死性寄生虫病中,下列哪种排第一位?(  )", "options": {"A": "疟疾", "B": "血吸虫病", "C": "阿米巴虫病", "D": "黑热病"}, "answer": "疟疾", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于阴道自净作用不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "正常情况下阴道有自净能力", "B": "使在碱性环境中生存的微生物不能在阴道内生长繁殖", "C": "阴道上皮含有糖原,在阴道内乳酸杆菌的作用下将糖原转化为乳酸", "D": "阴道自净作用指阴道内巨噬细胞吞噬阴道内病原体"}, "answer": "阴道自净作用指阴道内巨噬细胞吞噬阴道内病原体", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于缺铁性贫血的一般临床表现,以下不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "易疲乏无力", "B": "头晕,眼前发黑,耳鸣", "C": "不爱活动", "D": "肝脾可轻度肿大"}, "answer": "肝脾可轻度肿大", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,7个月,早产1个月,出生体重2.0kg,一直母乳喂养,目前体重8kg,近日发现小儿易惊,睡眠少,出汗多,查体:有方颅,前卤大,肋骨串珠。3.哪项实验室指标最有诊断价值?(  )", "options": {"A": "甲状腺素升高", "B": "甲状旁腺素升高", "C": "碱性磷酸酶增高", "D": "1,25-二羟D3下降"}, "answer": "1,25-二羟D3下降", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者男性,46岁,糖尿病史4年,未行饮食控制及降糖药物治疗,以右下肢肿痛,不能活动1周入院。查体:神志模糊,反应迟钝,心率110次/分,血压90/70mmHg,体温39.6℃,右下肢较左下肢肿胀,可扪及波动感,压痛(++),右大腿后出现16cm×5cm大小坏死,化验血常规WBC19×109/L,N89%,血糖23mmol/L。1.下列对迅速确定诊断最有帮助的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右大腿X线摄片", "B": "糖耐量试验", "C": "肝肾功能检查", "D": "局部穿刺"}, "answer": "局部穿刺", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "母乳喂养儿佝偻病患病率低于人工喂养儿的原因是母乳中(  )。", "options": {"A": "含钙质丰富", "B": "含磷高", "C": "钙磷比例适宜", "D": "维生素D含量丰富"}, "answer": "钙磷比例适宜", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不属于基因治疗方法的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "基因扩增", "B": "基因矫正", "C": "基因置换", "D": "基因失活"}, "answer": "基因扩增", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "早产儿,现9个月,单纯牛奶喂养,3个月来肤色苍白,食欲减退。体检:皮肤黏膜苍白,心前区2/6级收缩期吹风样杂音,肝肋下3cm,脾肋下1cm。RBC2.0×1012/L,Hb 50g/L。外周血涂片示红细胞形态大小不均,以小细胞为主、中央浅染。2.根据目前病例之诊断,主要治疗应包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "铁剂+维生素B12", "B": "铁剂+叶酸", "C": "泼尼松+丙酸睾丸酮", "D": "铁剂+维生素C+输血"}, "answer": "铁剂+维生素C+输血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,35岁,自行车撞上右膝外侧,拍片证实为腓骨小头骨折,检查发现踝关节不能主动背伸,可能并发(  )。", "options": {"A": "胫前肌撕裂伤", "B": "坐骨神经损伤", "C": "腓总神经损伤", "D": "腓骨长、短肌撕裂伤"}, "answer": "腓总神经损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,40岁,因风湿性心脏病出现心衰,心功Ⅱ级,并有下肢水肿,经地高辛治疗后,心功有改善,但水肿不见好转,检查发现血浆醛固酮水平高,此时最好选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "呋塞米", "B": "螺内酯", "C": "布美他尼", "D": "氨苯蝶啶"}, "answer": "螺内酯", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,58岁。上腹不适、纳差3年。体重减轻、乏力半年。查体:贫血貌,上腹部轻压痛。Hb 88g/L,MCV 115fl。胃镜检查示胃体皱襞稀疏,黏膜血管透见。2.对诊断最有意义的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血癌胚抗原", "B": "血抗线粒体抗体M2亚型", "C": "血壁细胞抗体", "D": "血胃泌素"}, "answer": "血壁细胞抗体", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,70岁。多年吸烟史。X线片示左肺门直径3cm阴影,界不清。经纤维支气管镜检查取材发现:左支气管组织内见肿瘤细胞浸润。请问肺门肿瘤最可能是哪一型?(  )", "options": {"A": "细支气管肺泡细胞癌", "B": "瘢痕癌", "C": "肺转移癌", "D": "肺鳞状细胞癌"}, "answer": "肺鳞状细胞癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于苯丙酮尿症下列哪一种说法正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "Guthrie细菌生长抑制试验一般用于对较大儿童的筛查", "B": "尿蝶呤分析可用于确诊典型的苯丙酮尿症", "C": "本病患儿饮食控制应持续终生", "D": "对非典型苯丙酮尿症患者还应给予药物治疗"}, "answer": "对非典型苯丙酮尿症患者还应给予药物治疗", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.哪项是精脒、精胺的前体?(  )", "options": {"A": "组氨酸", "B": "鸟氨酸", "C": "色氨酸", "D": "苏氨酸"}, "answer": "鸟氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是Ⅱ型超敏反应性疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "过敏性休克", "B": "溶血", "C": "血清病", "D": "荨麻疹"}, "answer": "溶血", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.调控I型超敏反应的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Mφ", "B": "T", "C": "B", "D": "嗜酸粒细胞"}, "answer": "嗜酸粒细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于普萘洛尔抗心律失常的叙述,下列哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "降低窦房结的自律性", "B": "治疗量延长浦氏纤维的APD和ERP", "C": "减慢房室传导", "D": "治疗量延长房室结的APD和ERP"}, "answer": "治疗量延长浦氏纤维的APD和ERP", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者发病后出现偏瘫、偏身感觉障碍及偏盲,最可能是下述哪条血管闭塞?(  )", "options": {"A": "大脑前动脉主干", "B": "大脑后动脉主干", "C": "大脑中动脉主干", "D": "椎基底动脉"}, "answer": "大脑中动脉主干", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不属于肉芽肿性炎病变的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤寒小结", "B": "结核结节", "C": "肺肉质变", "D": "慢性虫卵结节"}, "answer": "肺肉质变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "破伤风最初的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "角弓反张", "B": "张口困难", "C": "呼吸急促", "D": "神志不清"}, "answer": "张口困难", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肾综合征出血热的“三大”主征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "出血、休克、肾损害", "B": "发热、出血、肾损害", "C": "发热、出血、“三痛”", "D": "休克、少尿、“三痛”"}, "answer": "发热、出血、肾损害", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,40岁。10年前发现乙型肝炎表面抗原阳性,未规律诊治。近日食欲下降。肝穿刺可见假小叶,其正确的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝癌", "B": "慢性乙型肝炎", "C": "肝淋巴瘤", "D": "乙肝肝硬化"}, "answer": "乙肝肝硬化", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.哮喘患者最不宜选用的降压药为(  )。", "options": {"A": "利尿剂", "B": "α受体阻滞剂", "C": "β受体阻滞剂", "D": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂"}, "answer": "β受体阻滞剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.T细胞产生的能活化T、B、N、Mφ(  )。", "options": {"A": "IL-l", "B": "IL-2", "C": "IL-4", "D": "IL-6"}, "answer": "IL-2", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.局限性发作首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯妥英钠", "B": "卡马西平", "C": "乙琥胺", "D": "地西泮"}, "answer": "苯妥英钠", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.COPD急性加重伴呼吸功能不全早期,为防止呼吸功能不全加重最常用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有创机械通气", "B": "无创机械通气", "C": "间断高浓度吸氧", "D": "持续低流量吸氧"}, "answer": "无创机械通气", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪个CD分子为高亲和力IgGFc受体(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD64", "B": "CD32", "C": "CD89", "D": "CD23"}, "answer": "CD64", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心理测量工具好坏的最基本标志是(  )。", "options": {"A": "代表性", "B": "信度和效度", "C": "常模", "D": "标准化"}, "answer": "信度和效度", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.肠上皮细胞内甘油三酯与载脂蛋白合成的颗粒称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳糜微粒", "B": "微胶粒", "C": "混合微胶粒", "D": "脂肪微粒"}, "answer": "乳糜微粒", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,40岁。胃溃疡病史5年,2小时前突发上腹痛,症状局限且较轻,确诊为胃溃疡并发穿孔。正确处理为(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯穿孔修补术", "B": "常规胃大部切除术", "C": "全胃切除术", "D": "腹腔引流"}, "answer": "单纯穿孔修补术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不属于结核菌素试验的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "含有5个结核菌素单位", "B": "48~72小时看结果", "C": "PPD 0.1ml", "D": "硬结直径<10mm者为阴性"}, "answer": "硬结直径<10mm者为阴性", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于兴奋在同一细胞内传导的叙述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "可兴奋细胞兴奋传导机制基本相同", "B": "是由局部电流引起的逐步兴奋过程", "C": "局部电流强度数倍于阈强度", "D": "呈电紧张性扩布"}, "answer": "呈电紧张性扩布", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.NAD中所含的维生素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素B", "B": "维生素B", "C": "维生素B", "D": "维生素PP"}, "answer": "维生素PP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.具蛋白激酶活性(  )。", "options": {"A": "cAMP", "B": "cGMP", "C": "磷脂酰丝氨酸", "D": "IP3"}, "answer": "cGMP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在一般情况收缩压的高低主要反映(  )。", "options": {"A": "外周阻力", "B": "心率", "C": "循环血量", "D": "每搏输出量"}, "answer": "每搏输出量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.烦渴、高热、肌张力增高,甚至惊厥(  )。", "options": {"A": "等渗性脱水", "B": "低渗性脱水", "C": "高渗性脱水", "D": "高钾血症"}, "answer": "高渗性脱水", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "治疗原发性肾病综合征不正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "给予高蛋白饮食,蛋白质摄入量应每日大于4g/kg", "B": "有高血压和水肿时应低盐饮食", "C": "预防接种应在使用激素半年至1年后进行", "D": "严重水肿者给予利尿剂"}, "answer": "给予高蛋白饮食,蛋白质摄入量应每日大于4g/kg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项为兴奋的指标?(  )", "options": {"A": "阈电位", "B": "动作电位", "C": "静息电位", "D": "反应"}, "answer": "动作电位", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪项不是骨折的并发症?(  )", "options": {"A": "感染", "B": "内脏损伤", "C": "创伤性关节炎", "D": "骨折不愈合"}, "answer": "骨折不愈合", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.鱼和熊掌不可兼得属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "双趋冲突", "B": "趋避冲突", "C": "多重趋避冲突", "D": "双重趋避冲突"}, "answer": "双趋冲突", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "结核性胸膜炎患者,除抗结核治疗外,减轻胸膜肥厚最重要的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "反复胸腔穿刺抽液", "B": "胸腔内注入抗结核药物", "C": "口服糖皮质激素", "D": "胸腔内注射尿激酶"}, "answer": "反复胸腔穿刺抽液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "胰头癌伴梗阻性黄疸时,查体的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Murphy征阳性", "B": "胆囊表面不平,压痛明显", "C": "胆囊表面不平,无压痛", "D": "胆囊表面光滑,无压痛"}, "answer": "胆囊表面光滑,无压痛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于医生行使道德权利,下述提法中错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医生在特殊情况下可行使干涉权", "B": "医生行使道德权利具有特殊性", "C": "医生行使道德权利不受病人自主权的制约", "D": "医生行使道德权利具有专业权威性"}, "answer": "医生行使道德权利不受病人自主权的制约", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于器官移植中医德要求的描述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "确保受方的单方利益原则", "B": "坚持知情自愿原则", "C": "体现最优化原则", "D": "保护供受体双方利益的原则"}, "answer": "确保受方的单方利益原则", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于谵妄病人,说法正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "常有恐怖性的视幻觉但内容常模糊不清", "B": "主要是意识范围障碍", "C": "不会产生被害妄想", "D": "突然变得安静,说明病情可能加剧"}, "answer": "突然变得安静,说明病情可能加剧", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,39岁。慢性活动性肝炎病史10年。近3年来双下肢浮肿,5个月来腹胀,3天来黑便。查体:巩膜稍黄,颜面部有蜘蛛痣。有少量腹水。脾肋缘下三指,肝未触及。Hb7g,GPT120U,TTT7U,胆红素1.5mg/dl。最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "门脉性肝硬变", "B": "胆汁性肝硬变", "C": "血吸虫性肝硬变", "D": "酒精性肝硬变"}, "answer": "门脉性肝硬变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.胸腔积液化验结果为:pH 7.40,WBC 1700×106/L。多核细胞0.30,单核细胞0.70,葡萄糖2.0mmol/L,ADA 102U/L。应考虑诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎伴胸腔积液", "B": "肺癌伴胸腔积液", "C": "结核性胸膜炎", "D": "SLE伴胸腔积液"}, "answer": "结核性胸膜炎", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,40岁。10年前因胆结石行胆囊切除术,术后病情痊愈。2年前单位倒闭,患者被安排到另一单位看大门,觉得看大门很没面子,但为生活着想又不得不去上班。1年前患者出现胆囊区皮肤触摸疼痛、胃胀不适伴阵发性心悸、胸闷、失眠、心情不好。患者四处求医,反复做过B超、胃镜、心电图、全套血液生化检查,结果均正常。服过一些药物,病情时好时坏。患者不相信任何检查结果及医师的解释,仍要继续医治。该患者的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑郁症", "B": "强迫症", "C": "胆囊切除术后综合征", "D": "躯体形式障碍"}, "answer": "躯体形式障碍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.位于肝胃韧带和胃前方的间隙为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝左上间隙", "B": "肝右下间隙", "C": "肝左下前间隙", "D": "肝右上间隙"}, "answer": "肝左上间隙", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "衡量一个国家医疗卫生水平的重要指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "围生期死亡率", "B": "新生儿期死亡率", "C": "婴儿期死亡率", "D": "幼儿期死亡率"}, "answer": "围生期死亡率", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.细胞溶解作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "C1-C3", "B": "C1-C4", "C": "C", "D": "C3a"}, "answer": "C1-C3", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "34岁已婚妇女,G2P2。月经周期正常,经量中等。查阴道前后壁明显膨出,重度颗粒型宫颈糜烂,宫口松,子宫后倾、正常大,附件未见异常。患者要求避孕,最合适的避孕方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫内节育器", "B": "安全期避孕", "C": "外用避孕药", "D": "口服短效避孕药"}, "answer": "口服短效避孕药", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于正确处理医务人员之间的关系的意义,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有利于医学事业的发展", "B": "有利于为患者提供高质量的服务", "C": "有利于建立和谐的医患关系", "D": "有利于医务人员团结起来维护自身的利益"}, "answer": "有利于医务人员团结起来维护自身的利益", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,58岁,慢性咳嗽5年,糖尿病史2年。咳喘加重1月,发热l周来诊。检查结果:血pH 7.25,PaO240mmHg,PaCO285mmHg,BE-10mmol/L。诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "失代偿性呼吸性酸中毒", "B": "失代偿性呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性酸中毒", "C": "失代偿性呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性碱中毒", "D": "三重酸碱失衡"}, "answer": "失代偿性呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性酸中毒", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有机磷农药中毒的发病机制主要是有机磷抑制了什么酶(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆碱酯酶", "B": "细胞色素氧化酶", "C": "糜蛋白酶", "D": "乳酸脱氢酶"}, "answer": "胆碱酯酶", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.早产儿的呼吸特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤发亮,水肿毳毛多", "B": "皮肤色红润,皮下脂肪丰满,毳毛少", "C": "肝葡萄糖醛酸基转移酶活性低", "D": "呼吸常不规则,甚至呼吸暂停"}, "answer": "呼吸常不规则,甚至呼吸暂停", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肛裂三联征是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "内痔,外痔,肛裂", "B": "内痔,外痔,前哨痔", "C": "肛裂,前哨痔,齿状线肛乳头肥大", "D": "肛裂,前哨痔,外痔"}, "answer": "肛裂,前哨痔,齿状线肛乳头肥大", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肺癌的肺外表现常见的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "杵状指", "B": "锁骨上淋巴结肿大", "C": "吞咽困难", "D": "一侧瞳孔缩小"}, "answer": "杵状指", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于深静脉血栓形成的叙述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直肠癌低位切除术后较甲状腺癌手术后更易发生", "B": "胆囊切除术后较全髋置换术后更易发生", "C": "术后活动过早", "D": "术后镇痛药物应用过多"}, "answer": "直肠癌低位切除术后较甲状腺癌手术后更易发生", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,35岁,高热,皮肤瘙痒半月,右颈及锁骨上淋巴结肿大,无压痛,互相粘连。血红蛋白90g/L,白细胞10×109/L,中性粒细胞66%,淋巴细胞24%,骨髓涂片找到里-斯细胞。诊断最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性淋巴细胞白血病", "B": "结核性淋巴结炎", "C": "淋巴瘤", "D": "风湿性疾病"}, "answer": "淋巴瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.意志行动中善于控制自己的行动、约束自己言行的心理品质是意志的(  )。", "options": {"A": "自觉性", "B": "果断性", "C": "自制性", "D": "独立性"}, "answer": "自制性", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "8岁男孩,面部浮肿3天,少尿,血尿2天,伴呼吸困难,两肺底少许细湿啰音,心率142次/min,肝肋下2.5cm,血压120/83mmHg。1.可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管肺炎,心力衰竭", "B": "急性肾炎,循环充血", "C": "急性肾炎,呼吸衰竭", "D": "肾病综合征,肾炎型"}, "answer": "急性肾炎,循环充血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "核酸对紫外线的最大吸收峰是(  )。", "options": {"A": "230nm", "B": "240nm", "C": "250nm", "D": "260nm"}, "answer": "260nm", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.肌红蛋白分子中主要的二维结构(  )。", "options": {"A": "氢键、盐键、疏水键和二硫键", "B": "S形", "C": "加热", "D": "α-螺旋"}, "answer": "α-螺旋", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,58岁。乏力、低热1个月。查体:双侧颈部、腋窝和腹股沟均可触及肿大淋巴结,最大者直径2cm、质韧、无触痛,胸骨无压痛,肝肋下未触及,脾肋下3cm。实验室检查:Hb 76g/L,WBC 5.2×109/L,PLT 123×109/L,网织红细胞0.14,Coombs试验(+),尿胆红素(-),尿胆原(+++)。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性粒细胞白血病", "B": "淋巴瘤", "C": "急性淋巴细胞白血病", "D": "骨髓增生异常综合征"}, "answer": "淋巴瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "最适合治疗肺水肿的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呋塞米", "B": "氢氯噻嗪", "C": "氨苯蝶啶", "D": "螺内酯"}, "answer": "呋塞米", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,男,5岁。患结核性脑膜炎,控制炎症首选的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "链霉素+异烟肼+利福平+吡嗪酰胺", "B": "链霉素+异烟肼", "C": "链霉素+对氨水杨酸钠", "D": "链霉素+异烟肼+对氨水杨酸钠"}, "answer": "链霉素+异烟肼+利福平+吡嗪酰胺", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "诊断缺铁性贫血铁减少期的敏感指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清铁蛋白", "B": "血红蛋白", "C": "红细胞游离原卟啉", "D": "血清铁"}, "answer": "血清铁蛋白", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "病毒性肝炎时,肝细胞的灶性坏死属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "液化性坏死", "B": "干酪性坏死", "C": "固缩性坏死", "D": "坏疽"}, "answer": "液化性坏死", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.病灶侧单眼失明是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "椎基底动脉系统TIA", "B": "颈内动脉血栓形成", "C": "大脑前动脉血栓形成", "D": "大脑中动脉血栓形成"}, "answer": "颈内动脉血栓形成", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,6个月,咳喘3天入院,下午突然喘憋加重,口唇发绀,鼻翼扇动。查体:呼吸80次/分,三凹征阳性,两肺闻及广泛哮鸣音,右肺底闻及少许小水泡音。血白细胞4.0×109/L,淋巴细胞占0.6。胸部正位片,见少量点片状影及肺气肿。2.该患者最易出现的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心力衰竭", "B": "代谢性酸中毒", "C": "脓胸", "D": "中毒性肠麻痹"}, "answer": "心力衰竭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.男性,23岁,车祸后肝破裂,急诊手术中输库存血4000ml,心电图示T波高而尖(  )。", "options": {"A": "代谢性酸中毒", "B": "呼吸性酸中毒", "C": "代谢性碱中毒", "D": "高钾血症"}, "answer": "高钾血症", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列成分可见于肾小管性蛋白尿的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgM", "B": "IgG", "C": "β2微球蛋白", "D": "本周蛋白"}, "answer": "β2微球蛋白", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "制备洗涤红细胞的主要目的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "去除红细胞碎片", "B": "去除细菌", "C": "去除白细胞", "D": "去除血浆蛋白"}, "answer": "去除血浆蛋白", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医学伦理学尊重原则应除外的内容是(  )。", "options": {"A": "公平分配卫生资源", "B": "保守病人的秘密", "C": "尊重病人及家属的自主性或决定", "D": "保护病人的隐私"}, "answer": "公平分配卫生资源", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于消化性溃疡的癌变,下列哪项是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "各种消化性溃疡均有癌变可能", "B": "癌变发生于溃疡边缘", "C": "癌变率可达1%以上", "D": "癌变率与年龄无关"}, "answer": "癌变发生于溃疡边缘", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "运动负荷试验阳性的心电图标准是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ST段水平型压低>0.05mV(从J点后0.08秒)", "B": "ST段上斜型压低>0.05mV(从J点后0.08秒)", "C": "ST段弓背向上抬高>0.1mV(从J点后0.08秒)", "D": "ST段水平型压低≥0.1mV(从J点后0.08秒)"}, "answer": "ST段水平型压低≥0.1mV(从J点后0.08秒)", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "全血的比重的决定因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "渗透压的高低", "B": "NaCl的浓度", "C": "白细胞的数量", "D": "红细胞的数量"}, "answer": "红细胞的数量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,60岁,颈部肿块4个月,生长快,无疼痛,查体发现甲状腺右叶直径3cm的肿块,质硬,边界不清,吞嚼时活动度小。2.如术中冷冻切片报告为艮性肿瘤,而行患侧甲状腺大部切除,术后石蜡切片报告为甲状腺乳头状癌,下一步的治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "外放射治疗", "B": "重新手术,行甲状腺患侧峡部全切,对侧大部切除术", "C": "口服甲状腺干制剂治疗", "D": "化疗"}, "answer": "重新手术,行甲状腺患侧峡部全切,对侧大部切除术", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "颅内血管性疾病,目前最佳诊断方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "DSA", "B": "CT", "C": "PET", "D": "脑磁图"}, "answer": "DSA", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,40岁,糖尿病患者,手外伤后1周,局部肿胀,跳痛,高热,咳脓性痰伴有右胸痛,查体:手外伤局部脓肿形成,X线胸片右肺多个液气囊腔,治疗上下列哪项是键错误的(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用胰岛素", "B": "手部换药每日1次", "C": "万古霉素1g静脉滴注,每日3次", "D": "营养支持,对症治疗"}, "answer": "手部换药每日1次", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某大医院一位眼科博士,因急于为两位病人进行角膜移植,而又一时找不到现成的供体角膜,所以在本院太平间“盗取”了一病死者的尸体角膜用于移植,获得成功。此事后被死者家属发现,以未经本人生前及死后家属知情同意,严重损害了死者及其家属的权益为由,将该医生告上了法庭。经调查得知:接受角膜移植术的两位病人与该医师无特殊关系;死者生前与该医师无利害冲突;该医师也未由此谋取分文私利,只是不了解有关要求。3.评价该医师行为不道德,依据为(  )。", "options": {"A": "动机、目的恶,手段、效果恶", "B": "动机、目的恶,手段、效果善", "C": "动机、目的善,手段、效果恶", "D": "动机、目的善,手段恶、效果成问题"}, "answer": "动机、目的善,手段恶、效果成问题", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于抗利尿激素,下列哪点是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "由下丘脑前部视上核和室旁核合成", "B": "贮存在垂体后叶", "C": "参与血压、血容量和血浆渗透压的调节", "D": "损伤下丘脑的视上核室旁核时,可发生部分性尿崩"}, "answer": "损伤下丘脑的视上核室旁核时,可发生部分性尿崩", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "9岁患儿,水肿1个月就诊,化验检查:尿蛋白(+++),24小时尿蛋白定量3.5g,为非选择性蛋白尿,补体C3降低。可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾炎型肾病", "B": "急性肾炎", "C": "IgA肾病", "D": "膜性肾病"}, "answer": "肾炎型肾病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "支气管哮喘患者出现气流受限的原因不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺体分泌亢进及黏液清除障碍", "B": "肺泡弹性回缩力下降及肺泡壁破坏", "C": "气道平滑肌痉挛", "D": "气道黏膜水肿"}, "answer": "肺泡弹性回缩力下降及肺泡壁破坏", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "6个月女婴,中度脱水,酸中毒,经纠正酸中毒与补液,12小时后出现嗜睡,呼吸较前为浅,心音低钝,心率160次/分,腹胀,肠鸣音弱,血钠为135mmol/L。2.治疗应采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "补钠", "B": "脱水", "C": "补钾", "D": "能量合剂"}, "answer": "补钾", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.胰岛素降血糖作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制蛋白质合成", "B": "刺激胰岛β细胞释放胰岛素", "C": "促进葡萄糖分解", "D": "抑制糖原分解和异生"}, "answer": "抑制糖原分解和异生", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "法洛四联症不应存在下列哪一种?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺动脉狭窄", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "主动脉骑跨", "D": "动脉血氧饱和度>95%"}, "answer": "动脉血氧饱和度>95%", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,33岁,外伤住院急需手术输血。1.血站提供的血液,医院(  )。", "options": {"A": "进行检测后,进行核查", "B": "不必进行核查", "C": "不再进行检测,但必须进行核查", "D": "应进行检测"}, "answer": "不再进行检测,但必须进行核查", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性患儿,5岁,因右肩部摔伤2小时就诊,哭闹查体不配合,肩部无畸形,患儿不愿活动上肢,拒绝将手伸入衣袖。哪项诊断可能性大(  )。", "options": {"A": "肱骨干骨折", "B": "臂丛神经损伤", "C": "桡骨小头半脱位", "D": "锁骨骨折"}, "answer": "锁骨骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "志贺菌的志贺毒素不具有以下生物学毒性(  )。", "options": {"A": "有肾毒性", "B": "有肝毒性", "C": "有神经毒性", "D": "有心肌毒性"}, "answer": "有心肌毒性", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于胸膜腔负压生理意义的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "保持肺的扩张状态", "B": "有利于静脉回流", "C": "维持正常肺通气", "D": "使中央静脉压升高"}, "answer": "使中央静脉压升高", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "早期动脉粥样硬化病变,最早进入动脉内膜的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞", "B": "淋巴细胞", "C": "嗜中性粒细胞", "D": "巨噬细胞"}, "answer": "巨噬细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "炎症时血小板激活因子的作用不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "促进白细胞吞噬", "B": "激活血小板", "C": "对白细胞有趋化作用", "D": "促进白细胞聚集和黏附"}, "answer": "促进白细胞吞噬", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.急性脊髓炎应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "手术治疗", "B": "免疫球蛋白治疗", "C": "皮质类固醇激素治疗", "D": "去除病因治疗"}, "answer": "皮质类固醇激素治疗", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "单纯性二尖瓣狭窄,首先发生代偿性肥大和扩张的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左心室", "B": "右心室", "C": "左心房", "D": "左房,右室同时发生"}, "answer": "左心房", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "明确诊断肺血栓栓塞症首选的检査是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CT肺动脉造影", "B": "肺动脉造影", "C": "肺通气灌注扫描", "D": "超声心动图"}, "answer": "CT肺动脉造影", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,20岁,神志不清2小时入院,既往患1型糖尿病5年,长期皮下注射胰岛素。近3天因腹泻而停用。体检:血压70/50mmHg,皮肤中度失水征,呼吸深大,有烂苹果味,心率130次/分。3.需立即采取的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉滴注5%碳酸氢钠", "B": "纠正电解质紊乱", "C": "补液并恢复皮下注射胰岛素", "D": "补液同时静脉滴注胰岛素"}, "answer": "补液同时静脉滴注胰岛素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,18岁,某大学一年级新生。入学后对新的学习环境和教学模式不适应,出现情绪焦虑、失眠等情况。该生的辅导员、老师及同学们给予其热情的帮助、疏导和安慰,使该生逐渐走出了适应不良的状态。这种应对应激的方法属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "催眠心理治疗", "B": "专业思想教育", "C": "运用自我防御机制", "D": "取得社会支持"}, "answer": "取得社会支持", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "6岁男孩,因发热自服磺胺嘧啶,7天后血红蛋白降至50g/L,WBC 2.0×109/L,PLT 20×109/L,红细胞形态正常。考虑何种诊断可能性大(  )。", "options": {"A": "海洋性贫血", "B": "再生障碍性贫血", "C": "骨髓病性贫血", "D": "阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿"}, "answer": "再生障碍性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列再生障碍性贫血的描述哪些不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "铁剂、叶酸治疗无效", "B": "骨髓增生低下", "C": "浆细胞单核淋巴细胞等非造血细胞增多", "D": "慢性病例,贫血感染出血较轻"}, "answer": "慢性病例,贫血感染出血较轻", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "低渗性缺水引起体液容量的变化为(  )。", "options": {"A": "血浆、组织间液、组织内液均减少,以血浆减少为主", "B": "血浆、组织间液、组织内液均减少,以组织间液减少为主", "C": "只有细胞间液减少", "D": "主要表现为血液浓缩"}, "answer": "血浆、组织间液、组织内液均减少,以组织间液减少为主", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "头皮裂伤清创的最佳时限,最迟应在(  )。", "options": {"A": "8h内", "B": "12h内", "C": "24h内", "D": "48h内"}, "answer": "24h内", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,12岁,经常患感冒和肺炎。查体:心前区隆起,无震颤,胸骨左缘第2肋间可闻及Ⅱ级喷射性杂音,P2>A2伴有固定分裂,心电显示电轴右偏,V1呈rsR′波形,RV114mm,PV12mm,P-R间期0.6秒。1.该患儿考虑何种先天性心脏病?(  )", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "动脉导管未闭", "C": "室间隔缺损", "D": "法洛四联症"}, "answer": "房间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "增生是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "器官和组织体积缩小", "B": "一种分化组织转化为另一种相似性质的分化组织", "C": "由于实质细胞增多而造成器官、组织体积增大", "D": "器官和组织先天发育异常"}, "answer": "由于实质细胞增多而造成器官、组织体积增大", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,45岁。左下肢疼痛发凉半年。既往有左下肢血栓性浅静脉炎病史,无高血压、糖尿病病史,吸烟20年,20支/天。查体:右下肢正常;左足苍白,皮温明显降低,左足背动脉搏动消失,左股、腘动脉可触及搏动,Buerger试验阳性。最有可能的诊断是左下肢(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性动脉栓塞", "B": "血栓闭塞性脉管炎", "C": "原发性下肢静脉曲张", "D": "动脉硬化性闭塞症"}, "answer": "血栓闭塞性脉管炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "成年男性患者,被确诊为HIV感染,在对其已妊娠3个月的妻子进行说明过程中,哪一项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "此病可经性交传播", "B": "此病具有较长潜伏期", "C": "应配合患者积极治疗", "D": "避免与患者共用餐具"}, "answer": "避免与患者共用餐具", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,49岁。发现右乳外上象限无痛、单发、质硬、边界欠清的肿块,最常见的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤维腺瘤", "B": "乳腺癌", "C": "乳管内乳头状瘤", "D": "乳腺炎"}, "answer": "乳腺癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,30岁。腹痛、腹泻伴里急后重3天。最初为稀便,2天后为黏液脓血便,偶见片状灰白色膜状物排出。此病变最可能的炎症类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤维素性炎", "B": "浆液性炎", "C": "出血性炎", "D": "化脓性炎"}, "answer": "纤维素性炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,4岁,既往接种卡介苗,做“OT”试验1:2000。下列哪一项结果不是接种卡介苗后的反应?(  )", "options": {"A": "硬结直径多为5~9mm", "B": "硬结边缘不整", "C": "试验阳性持续时间较短", "D": "阳性反应变化少,无减弱倾向,持续终身"}, "answer": "阳性反应变化少,无减弱倾向,持续终身", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.上述哪项是胰岛素降血糖作用机制?(  )", "options": {"A": "抑制蛋白质合成", "B": "促进葡萄糖分解", "C": "抑制糖原分解和异生", "D": "增强胰岛素的作用"}, "answer": "抑制糖原分解和异生", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不符合“人人享有卫生保健”内涵的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卫生资源公平分配", "B": "为人们治愈所有疾病", "C": "尽可能控制影响健康的危险因素", "D": "力争使人们的生理、心理和社会适应都达到完好的状态"}, "answer": "为人们治愈所有疾病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是血液凝固的本质?(  )", "options": {"A": "纤维蛋白的溶解", "B": "纤维蛋白原变为纤维蛋白", "C": "血小板的聚集", "D": "凝血因子Ⅻ的激活"}, "answer": "纤维蛋白原变为纤维蛋白", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "磺脲类药物的主要副作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝功能损害", "B": "低血糖反应", "C": "白细胞减少", "D": "皮肤瘙痒"}, "answer": "低血糖反应", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "中枢性尿崩症减少尿量的首选治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "加压素水剂长期替代", "B": "每天肌注油剂鞣酸加压素", "C": "口服去氨加压素替代", "D": "加压素水剂与氢氯噻嗪合用"}, "answer": "口服去氨加压素替代", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪一项再生能力最强?(  )", "options": {"A": "被覆上皮及淋巴造血组织", "B": "各种腺上皮细胞", "C": "肉芽组织", "D": "原始间叶细胞"}, "answer": "被覆上皮及淋巴造血组织", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "遗传病的预防措施不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "产前诊断", "B": "携带者测试", "C": "症候前诊断", "D": "致病基因的定位与鉴定"}, "answer": "致病基因的定位与鉴定", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "主要依靠以下哪项鉴别急、慢性白血病?(  )", "options": {"A": "发病急缓,病程长短", "B": "外周血原始细胞的多少", "C": "肝脾淋巴结肿大", "D": "骨髓原始细胞的多少"}, "answer": "骨髓原始细胞的多少", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "能特异性杀伤肿瘤细胞的免疫细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "巨噬细胞", "B": "细胞毒性T细胞", "C": "NK细胞", "D": "树突状细胞"}, "answer": "细胞毒性T细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿10个月,生后6个月内生长发育好,近4个月呆滞,面黄。体检:四肢及唇舌抖,舌炎,腱反射亢进,踝阵挛阳性,血象:Hb 65g/L,RBC 1.5×1012/L,WBC 4.5×109/L,N 0.15,L 0.80,M 0.05,中性粒细胞有核右移现象。患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "营养性缺铁性贫血", "B": "呆小病", "C": "婴儿痉挛症", "D": "营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血"}, "answer": "营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.自由联想属(  )。", "options": {"A": "行为疗法", "B": "询者中心疗法", "C": "支持疗法", "D": "精神分析"}, "answer": "精神分析", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "G+菌的肽聚糖成分占细胞壁干重的百分比为(  )。", "options": {"A": "20%~30%", "B": "10%~20%", "C": "50%~80%", "D": "90%以上"}, "answer": "50%~80%", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于萎缩,下述哪一项是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "缺乏及断绝血供均可引起", "B": "细胞内线粒体变小,数目不减少", "C": "萎缩组织细胞不消失", "D": "间质不减少,有时反而增生"}, "answer": "间质不减少,有时反而增生", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,37岁,因短肠综合征入院。入院后经颈内静脉插管行全胃肠外营养支持。3周后突然出现寒战、高热,无咳嗽、咳痰。体检,腹部无压痛和反跳痛。3.若24h后发热仍不退,应采取(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠外营养液中增加胰岛素", "B": "用抗生素", "C": "拔除中心静脉导管", "D": "更换中心静脉导管"}, "answer": "用抗生素", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列不属于中毒性痢疾临床表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "惊厥", "B": "休克", "C": "呼吸衰竭", "D": "皮疹"}, "answer": "皮疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "崔某,男性,43岁,近20年来每年发作一次鬼神附体,以大仙口气说话,要求父亲烧香拜佛,持续数小时后痊愈,一个半月前开始疲乏无力,不认家人,好忘事,小便尿在裤内,右侧轻偏瘫,右手拿不住东西,好跟别人说话。既往史:23岁时有冶游史。神经系统检查:两侧瞳孔不等大,右瞳孔边缘不整齐,左侧椭圆形,右侧瞳孔光反射消失。3.最有效的治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑手术", "B": "大脑代谢剂", "C": "心理治疗", "D": "梅毒治疗"}, "answer": "梅毒治疗", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,8个月,腹泻4天,水样便,1日10余次。12小时无尿,呼吸深大,前囟眼窝明显凹陷,四肢凉。血钠127mmol/L,血钾4mmol/L,血钙2.25mmol/L,二氧化碳合力11.2mmol/L。1.该患儿的诊断是小儿腹泻伴(  )。", "options": {"A": "中度脱水酸中毒,低钾血症", "B": "中度等渗性脱水,酸中毒", "C": "重度低渗性脱水,酸中毒", "D": "中度低渗性脱水,酸中毒"}, "answer": "重度低渗性脱水,酸中毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,3岁,曾多次患肺炎,平时无发绀。查体:心前区隆起,心尖搏动弥散,胸骨左缘第2肋间闻及Ⅲ级粗糙的连续性机器样杂音。向颈部传导,有震颤,有水冲脉。3.可能的心电图结果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右心室肥厚", "B": "左束支阻滞", "C": "左心室肥厚", "D": "不完全性右束支阻滞"}, "answer": "左心室肥厚", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.肝细胞变性广泛,坏死轻微(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性普通型肝炎", "B": "急性重症肝炎", "C": "轻度慢性肝炎", "D": "亚急性重症肝炎"}, "answer": "急性普通型肝炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于Hb与O2结合的叙述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1分子Hb可以结合4分子O2", "B": "100mL血液中,Hb所能结合的最大O2量称为Hb氧含量", "C": "HbO2呈鲜红色,氧离Hb呈紫蓝色", "D": "Hb与O2的结合或解离取决于血液O2分压的高低"}, "answer": "100mL血液中,Hb所能结合的最大O2量称为Hb氧含量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "尿细菌培养为粪肠球菌,具有诊断意义的菌落计数至少大于(  )。", "options": {"A": "10/ml", "B": "1000/ml", "C": "10000/ml", "D": "100000/ml"}, "answer": "1000/ml", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某患者,说话快,走路快,做事效率高,但脾气暴躁,容易激动,常因与别人意见不一致而争辩。其行为类型属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "A型行为", "B": "B型行为", "C": "D型行为", "D": "E型行为"}, "answer": "A型行为", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.四肢手术拆线时间(  )。", "options": {"A": "4~5天", "B": "7~9天", "C": "10~12天", "D": "14天"}, "answer": "10~12天", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.上述物质运输外源性甘油三酯的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳糜微粒", "B": "极低密度脂蛋白", "C": "低密度脂蛋白", "D": "高密度脂蛋白"}, "answer": "乳糜微粒", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.上述哪项为病人的义务?(  )", "options": {"A": "具有独立做出诊断和治疗的权利及特殊干涉权", "B": "对病人义务和对社会义务的统一", "C": "自主选择医院、医护人员", "D": "保持和恢复健康,积极配合医疗,支持医学科学研究"}, "answer": "保持和恢复健康,积极配合医疗,支持医学科学研究", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性尿潴留病因中,属于机械性梗阻的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰麻和肛管直肠术后", "B": "外伤性高位截瘫", "C": "使用药物阿托品、溴丙胺太林(普鲁本辛)后", "D": "尿道结石"}, "answer": "尿道结石", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "给高热病人进行酒精擦浴降温是利用下述哪一项散热方式?(  )", "options": {"A": "传导", "B": "辐射", "C": "不感蒸发", "D": "蒸发"}, "answer": "蒸发", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "脑血栓形成的最常见病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压", "B": "脑动脉粥样硬化", "C": "血压偏低", "D": "红细胞增多症"}, "answer": "脑动脉粥样硬化", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "具有降低下食管括约肌压力作用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "钙通道阻滞剂", "B": "质子泵抑制剂", "C": "H2受体拮抗剂", "D": "β受体拮抗剂"}, "answer": "钙通道阻滞剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,2岁,发热,腹泻、腹痛1天,大便5或6次,黏液便。镜检示RBC25个/HP,WBC25~30个/HP。下述哪一种疾病不考虑?(  )", "options": {"A": "产毒性大肠杆菌", "B": "细菌性痢疾", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌肠炎", "D": "侵袭性大肠杆菌肠炎"}, "answer": "产毒性大肠杆菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "治疗感染性休克时,纠正血容量不足的最适宜输液方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "以平衡盐溶液为主,配合适量血浆或全血", "B": "以胶体溶液(如代血浆)为主", "C": "以等渗生理盐水和代血浆为主", "D": "以全血配合等渗葡萄糖溶液"}, "answer": "以平衡盐溶液为主,配合适量血浆或全血", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是嘌呤核苷酸分解代谢的终产物?(  )", "options": {"A": "尿酸", "B": "尿素", "C": "肌酐", "D": "β-丙氨酸"}, "answer": "尿酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于TFⅡD的叙述,下述哪一项是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "是唯一能与TATA盒结合的转录因子", "B": "能解开DNA双链", "C": "能促进RNApolⅡ与启动子结合", "D": "抑制DNA基因转录"}, "answer": "是唯一能与TATA盒结合的转录因子", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,70岁。痰中带血1月余。吸烟10年,40支/天。胸部X线片:右肺门肿块影伴右上肺不张,支气管镜见右上肺开口内新生物。3.该患者首选的下一步检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全身骨扫描", "B": "肝、肾、肾上腺B型超声", "C": "胸部CT", "D": "腹部CT"}, "answer": "胸部CT", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "分泌降钙素的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经垂体细胞", "B": "甲状旁腺细胞", "C": "甲状腺滤泡旁细胞", "D": "甲状腺滤泡细胞"}, "answer": "甲状腺滤泡旁细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "慢性胃炎的临床表现一般不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "反酸、烧心", "B": "贫血", "C": "右季肋部痛", "D": "上腹部痛"}, "answer": "右季肋部痛", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "雷尼替丁抑制胃酸分泌的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阻断M1受体", "B": "阻断H1受体", "C": "阻断H2受体", "D": "干扰胃壁细胞内质子泵的功能"}, "answer": "阻断H2受体", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某女性,36岁,因心慌、乏力、消瘦伴手抖5个月就诊。2.以下检查最有诊断意义的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "TT3、TT4测定", "B": "FT3、FT4测定", "C": "TRAb测定", "D": "FT3、FT4、TSH测定"}, "answer": "FT3、FT4、TSH测定", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.包括连续变量和非连续变量样本大小的估计是(  )。", "options": {"A": "双盲", "B": "单盲", "C": "样本含量", "D": "随机分组"}, "answer": "样本含量", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.咽结合膜热(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热、流涕、鼻塞、咽痛、咽充血", "B": "发热、咽痛、咽充血,咽部有灰白色小丘疹、疱疹或溃疡", "C": "发热、咽痛、颈部、耳后淋巴结可肿大,咽充血、眼结膜充血", "D": "发热、音哑、犬吠样咳嗽,吸气性呼吸困难,咽充血"}, "answer": "发热、咽痛、颈部、耳后淋巴结可肿大,咽充血、眼结膜充血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "12个月婴儿平均体重是(  )。", "options": {"A": "3kg", "B": "6kg", "C": "9kg", "D": "15kg"}, "answer": "9kg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "滴虫性阴道炎的治愈标准是(  )。", "options": {"A": "局部用药3个疗程", "B": "连续3次月经后检查滴虫阴性", "C": "连续3次月经前检查滴虫阴性", "D": "临床症状消失"}, "answer": "连续3次月经后检查滴虫阴性", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.增生的小胶质细胞环绕-神经元(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋巴血管套", "B": "卫星现象", "C": "软化灶", "D": "小胶质细胞结节"}, "answer": "卫星现象", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "支气管哮喘发作时最常见的血气改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "pH上升,PaO2下降,PaCO2降低", "B": "pH上升,PaO2下降,PaCO2上升", "C": "pH下降,PaO2下降,PaCO2降低", "D": "pH下降,PaO2下降,PaCO2上升"}, "answer": "pH上升,PaO2下降,PaCO2降低", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,28岁,已婚未孕,进行性痛经。妇科检查:宫颈糜烂Ⅰ度,子宫正常大小,后倾,活动欠佳,附件增厚压痛,直肠子宫陷凹触及2个结节,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "盆腔结核", "B": "宫颈癌", "C": "子宫内膜异位症", "D": "子宫肌瘤"}, "answer": "子宫内膜异位症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "属于肿瘤特异性抗原的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲胎蛋白(αFP)", "B": "癌胚抗原(CEA)", "C": "异型胎儿蛋白", "D": "甲基胆蒽诱发的肉瘤抗原"}, "answer": "甲基胆蒽诱发的肉瘤抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪些CD分子不是B细胞重要的标志(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD19", "B": "CD21", "C": "CD4", "D": "CD79β"}, "answer": "CD4", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "新生儿肠腔内β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶的主要作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "水解结合胆红素", "B": "水解间接胆红素", "C": "促进合成结合胆红素", "D": "促进合成葡萄糖醛酸转移酶"}, "answer": "水解结合胆红素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是慢性风湿性瓣膜病中联合瓣膜病变常发生的部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "二尖瓣和主动脉瓣", "B": "二尖瓣和三尖瓣", "C": "三尖瓣和肺动脉瓣", "D": "主动脉瓣和肺动脉瓣"}, "answer": "二尖瓣和主动脉瓣", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,女,11个月,腹泻每日5~7次,水样便。伴呕吐2次。每日尿量较平日略少些。查体:前囟平,哭有泪,口唇略干,四肢温暖,无腹胀,皮肤弹性尚可。该儿腹泻病情为轻型或重型的区别点主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有无水、电解质紊乱", "B": "有无发热呕吐", "C": "大便含黏液、血性为重型", "D": "镜检有大量脂肪滴为重型"}, "answer": "有无水、电解质紊乱", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "腹部闭合伤,确诊有无内脏伤最简便、最可靠的诊断方法为(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线照片", "B": "便常规", "C": "B超", "D": "腹腔穿刺"}, "answer": "腹腔穿刺", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于心身疾病的阐述下列哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "以躯体症状为主的", "B": "主要由情绪因素引起的", "C": "与自主神经系统有关", "D": "以精神症状为主要病理"}, "answer": "以精神症状为主要病理", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "李某怀孕期间到医院进行产前检查,此时医生如果发现一些情况存在,就会提出终止妊娠的医学意见,这些情况中不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "李某有致畸物质接触史", "B": "胎儿有严重缺陷", "C": "李某患严重高血压,继续妊娠会危及其生命", "D": "李某患严重糖尿病,继续妊娠会严重危害其健康"}, "answer": "李某有致畸物质接触史", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "艾森克人格问卷的分量表中,代表情绪稳定性特征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "P", "B": "N", "C": "E", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "N", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "决定输血治疗前,经治医师应向患者或其家属说明什么(  )。", "options": {"A": "血液传播性疾病的治疗", "B": "输同种异体血的不良反应和经血传播疾病的可能性", "C": "疾病与血型的关系", "D": "血液的采集与保存"}, "answer": "输同种异体血的不良反应和经血传播疾病的可能性", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "心室肌有效不应期的长短主要取决于(  )。", "options": {"A": "动作电位0期去极化的速度", "B": "动作电位1期的长短", "C": "动作电位2期的长短", "D": "阈电位水平的高低"}, "answer": "动作电位2期的长短", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "中指离断伤患者,再植术后10h,发现患指苍白,皮温低于健侧3℃,经解除包扎,解痉药物等处理,不见好转,此时应采取(  )。", "options": {"A": "臂丛神经阻滞麻醉", "B": "应用抗凝溶栓药物", "C": "立即手术探查吻合的血管情况", "D": "继续观察"}, "answer": "立即手术探查吻合的血管情况", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下面对现代医学模式的理解错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是医学模式发展的顶峰", "B": "促进医学伦理学进一步发展", "C": "丰富了医德内容", "D": "促进医学进一步发展"}, "answer": "是医学模式发展的顶峰", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "胰腺癌的最好发部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胰腺头部", "B": "胰腺尾部", "C": "异位胰腺", "D": "胰腺体部"}, "answer": "胰腺头部", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "高渗缺水患者,其缺水程度为中度,患者缺水量为体重的(  )。", "options": {"A": "3%~5%", "B": "4%~6%", "C": "5%~7%", "D": "6%~8%"}, "answer": "4%~6%", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男孩,5岁,患有结核病,但结核菌素试验阴性,可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "合并上呼吸道感染", "B": "接种白百破三联疫苗后", "C": "粟粒型肺结核", "D": "颈淋巴结结核"}, "answer": "粟粒型肺结核", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "已获得的知识、技能和方法对解决新问题会产生影响的心理现象称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "暗示", "B": "保持", "C": "迁移", "D": "创造"}, "answer": "迁移", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肿瘤性增生与炎症性增生有着本质上的不同。下列哪项是肿瘤性增生独有的特点(  )。", "options": {"A": "是反应性增生", "B": "原因消除后不再增生", "C": "可见核分裂像", "D": "增生组织失去原有正常组织的结构及功能"}, "answer": "增生组织失去原有正常组织的结构及功能", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,32岁。发热、乏力、纳差、腹胀2个月。体温最高T 37.9℃。查体:T 37.5℃,P 80次/分,R 18次/分,BP 120/80mmHg。双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心律齐,腹壁柔韧感,移动性浊音阳性。实验室检查:血沉60mm/h:腹水:比重1.025,蛋白35g/L,白细胞850×106/L,单核0.80,多核0.20。首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核性腹膜炎", "B": "肝硬化并原发性腹膜炎", "C": "系统性红斑狼疮", "D": "腹膜转移癌"}, "answer": "结核性腹膜炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,18岁。寒战、高热、咳嗽4天。1周前脚趾曾划伤化脓感染,经治疗后愈合。听诊双肺可闻及湿啰音,血常规WBC 17×109/L,N 0.92,胸部X线片示两肺多发性团块状密度增高影,部分有空洞形成。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺血管炎", "B": "肺囊肿继发感染", "C": "肺脓肿", "D": "真菌性肺炎"}, "answer": "肺脓肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,36岁。饮酒后中上腹持续性疼痛9小时,呕吐2次来院急诊。既往体健。体检:体温37.8℃,上腹偏左压痛,伴轻度肌紧张。3.若2周后患者体温升高至40℃,血白细胞上升至21×109/L。血淀粉酶仍然较高,应考虑胰腺炎合并有(  )。", "options": {"A": "膈下脓肿", "B": "败血症", "C": "胰腺脓肿", "D": "肠系膜血管栓塞"}, "answer": "胰腺脓肿", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,24岁。停经6周诊断为早孕,行人工流产术,吸宫后探宫腔发现探不到宫底,出血不多,自述心悸轻度腹痛及恶心。2.此时该患者首选的处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸氧,给予升压药", "B": "暂停手术,密切观察病情", "C": "静脉注射阿托品", "D": "立即行剖腹探查术"}, "answer": "暂停手术,密切观察病情", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某甲在医学院获得了专科毕业证书,此时他可以(  )。", "options": {"A": "在医疗、预防、保健机构中试用期满一年,参加执业助理医师资格考试", "B": "在医疗、预防、保健机构中试用期满半年,参加执业助理医师资格考试", "C": "取得执业助理医师执业证书后,在医疗、预防、保健机构中工作满一年,参加执业医师资格考试", "D": "取得执业助理医师执业证书后,在医疗、预防、保健机构中试用期满一年,参加执业医师资格考试"}, "answer": "在医疗、预防、保健机构中试用期满一年,参加执业助理医师资格考试", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医患之间的道德关系为(  )。", "options": {"A": "主从关系", "B": "商品关系", "C": "信托关系", "D": "陌生关系"}, "answer": "信托关系", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪种不是抗原(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核菌素", "B": "白喉抗毒素血清", "C": "细菌内毒素", "D": "葡萄糖注射液"}, "answer": "葡萄糖注射液", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性肾炎的高血压治疗,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血压轻度增高,限制水盐及卧床休息", "B": "出现高血压脑病,应立即用硝普钠静滴", "C": "有明显高血压者可予呋塞米静注", "D": "血压持续不降者,可予甲泼尼龙冲击"}, "answer": "血压持续不降者,可予甲泼尼龙冲击", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一位肿瘤病学专家在同事的协助下,为一肺癌病人做胸穿,抽出了1000毫升胸水。第二天早上交班时,这位专家问当班护士:此病人是什么时候做的胸穿?你注意观察了吗?病人的呼吸、心跳怎样?……护士有些紧张,答得不完全。这位专家说:这些内容医师要管,护士也要管,我们应共同努力。3.下述医师做法或叙述中,不符合“共同维护社会公益”这一原则的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "下级医师为上级医师掩饰失误,损害了病人利益", "B": "“医生的嘴,护士的腿”", "C": "护士发现医嘱中有点疑问,及时向医师提出,医师认为护士多事,才上了几天班,你懂什么", "D": "上级主管部门就病人反映的某医师开CT检查单而分得“开单费”的违规问题而来调查情况时,因怕伤害朋友情面和影响科室创收,知情医师不配合"}, "answer": "上级主管部门就病人反映的某医师开CT检查单而分得“开单费”的违规问题而来调查情况时,因怕伤害朋友情面和影响科室创收,知情医师不配合", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "要确诊为腰椎间盘脱突出的患者,手术前除进行实验室化验检查外,首先应做的检查是哪一项(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌电图", "B": "MRI", "C": "腰椎管造影", "D": "腰椎正侧位X线平片"}, "answer": "腰椎正侧位X线平片", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "诊断颅压高的可靠依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "视乳头水肿", "B": "癫痫发作", "C": "频繁呕吐", "D": "双外展神经麻痹"}, "answer": "视乳头水肿", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于结核性胸膜炎特点的描述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "起病多缓慢", "B": "可有结核中度症状", "C": "X线胸片可呈肋膈角消失或外高内低影", "D": "X线胸片除胸液影外,还应有肺内结核灶"}, "answer": "X线胸片除胸液影外,还应有肺内结核灶", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "“前有悬崖后有追兵”这种动机冲突是(  )。", "options": {"A": "双趋冲突", "B": "双避冲突", "C": "双重趋避冲突", "D": "双趋双避冲突"}, "answer": "双避冲突", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "最易并发维生素A缺乏症的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹", "B": "川崎病", "C": "风疹", "D": "咽结合膜热"}, "answer": "麻疹", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "5.小儿风湿热发生关节炎时,易于侵犯的关节(  )。", "options": {"A": "心音遥远,颈静脉怒张", "B": "心尖搏动弥散,心音低钝", "C": "以膝、踝、腕、肘大关节为主", "D": "以趾、指、颞、颌小关节为主"}, "answer": "以膝、踝、腕、肘大关节为主", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪种新生的细胞是机化时出现的特征细胞?(  )。", "options": {"A": "平滑肌细胞", "B": "成纤维细胞", "C": "类上皮细胞", "D": "横纹肌细胞"}, "answer": "成纤维细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "铁制剂治疗缺铁性贫血,其疗效指标最早出现的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞数上升", "B": "血红蛋白上升", "C": "红细胞直径增大", "D": "网织红细胞数上升"}, "answer": "网织红细胞数上升", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "提示胰腺有弥漫性破坏的胃肠道症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹痛", "B": "腹胀", "C": "呕吐", "D": "脂肪泻"}, "answer": "脂肪泻", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.是SLE的标准筛选试验,但特异性小(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗核抗体", "B": "抗Sm抗体", "C": "抗双链DNA抗体", "D": "类风湿因子"}, "answer": "抗核抗体", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "能够舒张肾血管,增加肾血流量,可治疗急性肾功能衰竭的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素", "B": "去甲肾上腺素", "C": "异丙肾上腺素", "D": "多巴胺"}, "answer": "多巴胺", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.伤寒杆菌的主要致病因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠毒素", "B": "内毒素", "C": "外毒素", "D": "神经毒素"}, "answer": "内毒素", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "ITP做骨髓检查的主要目的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "证明有无幼稚巨核细胞", "B": "证明有无血小板减少", "C": "排除引起血小板减少的其他疾病", "D": "上述均不是"}, "answer": "排除引起血小板减少的其他疾病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "正常人心率超过180次/分时,心排血量减少的原因主要是哪一时相缩短?(  )", "options": {"A": "快速充盈期", "B": "等容收缩期", "C": "减慢充盈期", "D": "房缩期"}, "answer": "快速充盈期", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "AMP和GMP在细胞内分解时,均首先转化成(  )。", "options": {"A": "内嘌呤", "B": "黄嘌呤", "C": "次黄嘌呤核苷酸", "D": "黄嘌呤核苷酸"}, "answer": "次黄嘌呤核苷酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,25岁,摔倒后致单纯性左肩关节脱位,2h后来医院就诊,X线片排除骨折可能。2.复位成功后.应屈肘90°用三角巾悬吊上肢(  )。", "options": {"A": "1周", "B": "3周", "C": "4周", "D": "5周"}, "answer": "3周", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,24岁,贫血1年,血红蛋白80g/L,红细胞3.0×1012/L,网织红细胞2.7%,白细胞、血小板正常,经用铁剂治疗7天后,血红蛋白不升,网织红细胞4.3%,诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "缺铁性贫血", "B": "营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血", "C": "溶血性贫血", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心电图上V7和V8导联出现急性心肌梗死的特异性改变,其梗死部位是心脏的(  )。", "options": {"A": "广泛前壁", "B": "下壁", "C": "前壁", "D": "正后壁"}, "answer": "正后壁", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小叶性肺炎的合并症为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺脓肿", "B": "纤维素性胸膜炎", "C": "肺气肿", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "肺脓肿", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,34岁。近1月来反复出现阵发性恐惧、胸闷、濒死感,多次到医院急诊就诊。心电图检查未见异常。为此担心苦恼,但仍能坚持工作。既往体健。2.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "疑病症", "B": "惊恐障碍", "C": "甲状腺功能亢进症", "D": "冠心病"}, "answer": "惊恐障碍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.动脉导管未闭X线检查可见(  )。", "options": {"A": "右房、右室大", "B": "左、右室大,左房右房也大", "C": "左房、左室大", "D": "左、右室大、左房也大"}, "answer": "左房、左室大", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于上呼吸道感染的治疗,以下不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服潘生丁", "B": "肌注三氮唑核苷", "C": "布洛芬混悬剂降温", "D": "大剂量抗生素静滴"}, "answer": "大剂量抗生素静滴", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.上述哪项主要抑制真核生物的蛋白质合成?(  )", "options": {"A": "链霉素", "B": "白喉毒素", "C": "林可霉素", "D": "嘌呤霉素"}, "answer": "白喉毒素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "风湿热患者,有风湿性心脏病时药物预防期限是(  )。", "options": {"A": "至少3年", "B": "至少5年", "C": "持续到20岁", "D": "持续终生"}, "answer": "持续终生", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.控制铜绿假单胞菌感染较有效的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "四环素", "B": "利巴韦林", "C": "妥布霉素", "D": "氟康唑"}, "answer": "妥布霉素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,60岁,左面部发作性剧痛1年,疼痛自上颌部及左侧面颊部最明显,延至外眦下方,每次持续10余秒钟,洗脸、刷牙可诱发。查体:无神经系统体征。1.该患者哪根神经发生病变?(  )", "options": {"A": "面神经", "B": "三叉神经上颌支", "C": "三叉神经眼支", "D": "舌咽神经"}, "answer": "三叉神经上颌支", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "早产临产后应慎用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "哌替啶(度冷丁)", "B": "利托君(羟苄羟麻黄碱)", "C": "沙丁胺醇(舒喘灵)", "D": "地塞米松"}, "answer": "哌替啶(度冷丁)", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "红细胞比容指红细胞(  )。", "options": {"A": "与血清容积之比", "B": "与血管容积之比", "C": "在血液中所占容积百分比", "D": "在血液中所占重量百分比"}, "answer": "在血液中所占容积百分比", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.氰化物中毒(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸有尿味", "B": "呼吸有酒味", "C": "呼吸有烂苹果味", "D": "呼吸有苦杏仁味"}, "answer": "呼吸有苦杏仁味", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医疗保健机构,卫生防疫机构发现传染病时,应当及时采取的控制措施中不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "对除艾滋病病人、炭疽中的肺炭疽病人以外的乙类、丙类传染病病人,根据病情,采取必要的治疗和控制传播措施", "B": "对疑似甲类传染病病人,在明确诊断前,在指定场所进行医学观察", "C": "对疑似乙类传染病中的艾滋病病人,在明确诊断前,在指定场所进行医学观察", "D": "对传染病病人、病原携带者、疑似传染病病人污染的场所、物品和密切接触的人员,实施必要的卫生处理和预防措施"}, "answer": "对疑似乙类传染病中的艾滋病病人,在明确诊断前,在指定场所进行医学观察", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "椎动脉型颈椎病最突出的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "恶心", "B": "猝倒", "C": "头痛,头晕", "D": "视物不清"}, "answer": "猝倒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,40岁,输血3min后即出现咳嗽、喘憋,神志不清,呼吸困难,血压80/40mmHg(10.7/5.33kPa)。2.下列治疗中不妥的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即停止输血", "B": "给予异丙嗪25mg肌注", "C": "碳酸氢钠溶液静脉滴注", "D": "必要时行气管切开"}, "answer": "碳酸氢钠溶液静脉滴注", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.消化性溃疡底部与周围器官粘连(  )。", "options": {"A": "上腹部有规律性疼痛", "B": "幽门梗阻", "C": "慢性穿孔", "D": "癌变"}, "answer": "慢性穿孔", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,40岁。水肿、乏力、腹胀2个月,有乙肝病史。查体:全身水肿,腹壁静脉曲张,腹腔积液征(+)。下列与该患者腹腔积液形成无关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "钠与水的潴留", "B": "血管滤过压增高", "C": "血管通透性增加", "D": "血浆胶体渗透压降低"}, "answer": "血管通透性增加", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于支气管扩张的咳痰症状,下列哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "可无咳痰", "B": "痰量可在夜间卧床时减少", "C": "可出现臭味痰", "D": "收集痰液可分3层"}, "answer": "痰量可在夜间卧床时减少", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某研究者为探讨脂肪摄入量与男性前列腺癌的关系,在社区内选择高脂肪和低脂肪摄入者各200名,从50岁开始对他们进行随访10年。在随访期间,高脂肪摄入组中有20人,低脂肪摄入者中有10人被诊断为前列腺癌。3.高脂肪摄入者所致前列腺癌的特异危险度为(  )。", "options": {"A": "30/100", "B": "10/100", "C": "无法计算", "D": "5/100"}, "answer": "5/100", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,8岁,额部多发性疖肿,未治,红肿扩大,弛张性高热,4天后臀部皮下有发现一肿块,疼痛,压痛明显,且有波动感,治疗方案为(  )。", "options": {"A": "醇浴退热", "B": "额部疖肿换药", "C": "臀部脓肿切开引流及抗生素治疗", "D": "加强营养,增强抵抗力"}, "answer": "臀部脓肿切开引流及抗生素治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于一期愈合的下列叙述中正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "需大量肉芽组织填平伤口", "B": "创面大、边缘不齐", "C": "创面不洁易感染,炎症反应明显", "D": "见于手术即时缝合的切口"}, "answer": "见于手术即时缝合的切口", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "呆小症与侏儒症的最大区别是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内脏增大", "B": "身体更矮", "C": "智力低下", "D": "肌肉发育不良"}, "answer": "智力低下", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.甲亢内科治疗停药首选实验室检查(  )。", "options": {"A": "FT3、FT4", "B": "TT3、TT4", "C": "TRAb", "D": "甲状腺摄131I率"}, "answer": "TRAb", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "消化性溃疡并发出血时,首选的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "法莫替丁", "B": "奥美拉唑", "C": "垂体后叶素", "D": "维生素K"}, "answer": "奥美拉唑", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性患者,24岁。无意中发现右乳外上象限有一肿块,可移动,不痛,约花生米大小。肿块最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺癌", "B": "乳腺增生症", "C": "乳腺纤维瘤", "D": "乳腺纤维腺瘤"}, "answer": "乳腺纤维腺瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肺循环血量增多,并伴左心房、左心室血量增多的先心病应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性房间隔缺损", "B": "动脉导管未闭", "C": "室间隔缺损", "D": "法洛四联症"}, "answer": "动脉导管未闭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某小学,6月,一次中午进食火腿汉堡包、粥、煮鸡蛋、炒空心菜、萝卜干,4小时后部分同学出现头痛、恶心、呕吐、食欲不振、腹泻、腹痛,个别有发热,体温38~40℃。1.引起食物中毒的可能病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "沙门菌", "B": "副溶血性弧菌", "C": "葡萄球菌肠毒素", "D": "黄曲霉毒素"}, "answer": "沙门菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.5岁女,咳嗽1周,气促,精神正常,食欲尚可,无明显异物史。查体:体温37.8℃,双肺呼吸音粗糙及有不固定的干湿啰音。胸部X线显示,肺纹理增粗。根据病例诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管异物", "B": "急性支气管炎", "C": "支气管炎", "D": "哮喘性支气管炎"}, "answer": "急性支气管炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "Colles骨折远段的典型移位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "近侧端向背侧移位", "B": "远侧端向尺侧移位", "C": "远侧端向背侧移位", "D": "近侧端向尺侧移位"}, "answer": "远侧端向背侧移位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "成年男性。三个月来双下肢无力、麻木逐渐加重,背后疼痛且咳嗽时加剧。查体:左半侧T8以下痛、温觉消失,右下肢肌力3级,腱反射亢进,Babinski征阳性,右下肢足趾振动觉、位置觉消失1.可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "T8附近脊髓髓内癌变", "B": "左T8附近脊髓髓外病变", "C": "右T8附近脊髓髓内癌变", "D": "右T8附近脊髓髓外病变"}, "answer": "右T8附近脊髓髓内癌变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "伤寒病程第3~4周,体温波动下降,食欲好转时,要特别重视(  )。", "options": {"A": "增加活动量", "B": "加强营养", "C": "限制饮食", "D": "继用足量抗生素"}, "answer": "限制饮食", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男婴10个月,经常出现夜惊,近1周加重,多汗烦闷,该患儿生后一直母乳不足,混合喂养,未添加辅食,此患儿体格检查最可能发现的阳性体征为(  )。", "options": {"A": "方颅,乳牙未萌出", "B": "肌张力增高", "C": "皮下脂肪明显减少", "D": "皮肤弹性差"}, "answer": "方颅,乳牙未萌出", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项为主要用于预防疟疾的药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "乙胺嘧啶", "B": "青蒿素", "C": "伯氨喹", "D": "氯喹"}, "answer": "乙胺嘧啶", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有一名53岁男性患者,入院前3小时突然头痛呕吐,CT检查后入院,入院查体:意识清,痛苦面容,四肢肌张力肌力改变不明显,项强(-),头CT左侧裂池有高密度影像。2.最多的出血来源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑血管畸形", "B": "脑动脉硬化", "C": "颅内动脉瘤", "D": "烟雾病"}, "answer": "颅内动脉瘤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.最易导致胎儿先天畸形的病毒是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鼻病毒和冠状病毒", "B": "腮腺炎病毒", "C": "风疹病毒", "D": "流感病毒"}, "answer": "风疹病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "现在医学科学工作者通过获得大量特异DNA,结合适当的分析技术即可鉴定基因缺陷。下列哪项为当前临床或研究室获得大量特异DNA片段最流行的方法?(  )", "options": {"A": "化学合成", "B": "DNA合成仪合成", "C": "基因克隆", "D": "聚合酶链反应"}, "answer": "聚合酶链反应", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "间日疟患者经奎宁治疗3天,临床症状消失,2个月后又出现疟疾,并在血中查到疟原虫,此种情况应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "疟疾复发", "B": "疟疾在感染", "C": "疟疾复燃", "D": "疟原虫重复感染"}, "answer": "疟疾复燃", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者女性,42岁,已婚,因转移性右下腹痛2天入院,伴恶心呕吐,发热。查体:右下腹明显压痛,反跳痛,肌紧张。血常规:WBC18×109/L,N0.89,尿常规未见异常。3.术后第3天该患者体温升高39℃,切口处红肿,触痛明显,可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "术后吸收热", "B": "切口感染", "C": "急性腹膜炎", "D": "水、电解质紊乱"}, "answer": "切口感染", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,16岁,发热10天伴食欲减退,体弱。体检:体温39.6℃,脉搏74次/分,肝肋下2.0cm,脾肋下1.0cm。外周血白细胞2.6×109/L,中性粒细胞0.85,淋巴细胞0.14,嗜酸粒细胞0.01,临床上拟诊断伤寒,未确定诊断选用下列哪一种培养最恰当?(  )", "options": {"A": "粪便培养", "B": "血培养", "C": "尿培养", "D": "胆汁培养"}, "answer": "血培养", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男婴,足月顺产,22天。出生体重3100g,生后母乳喂养。第3天出现皮肤黄染,至今黄疸不退。胃纳好,体温正常。查体:体重3750g,除皮肤黄染外,无其他异常。血常规及尿常规均正常,血清胆红素204μmol/L。怎样处理(  )。", "options": {"A": "测G-6PD活性", "B": "血培养", "C": "暂停母乳喂养", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "暂停母乳喂养", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "长期保存病毒的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "冷冻真空干燥", "B": "4℃冰箱保存", "C": "-20℃冰箱保存", "D": "细胞培养反复传代"}, "answer": "冷冻真空干燥", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "与抗精神病药物的治疗作用有关的通路是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结节-漏斗系统通路", "B": "中脑-边缘系统通路", "C": "小脑-大脑皮质通路", "D": "小脑-颞叶系统通路"}, "answer": "中脑-边缘系统通路", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "流感病毒最易变的结构是(  )。", "options": {"A": "M蛋白", "B": "甲型流感病毒的HA", "C": "乙型流感病毒的HA", "D": "RNA多聚酶"}, "answer": "甲型流感病毒的HA", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,20岁,喜食毛蚶,一周前突然发病,出现畏寒、发热、全身乏力、食欲不振、厌油腻、肝区疼痛、尿色渐加深至浓茶状。近13体温降低,巩膜和皮肤出现黄疸,最可能的印象诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲型肝炎", "B": "丙型肝炎", "C": "乙型肝炎", "D": "戊型肝炎"}, "answer": "甲型肝炎", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项不是营养性巨幼细胞性贫血的原因?(  )", "options": {"A": "长期服用抗癫痫药", "B": "慢性腹泻", "C": "长期服用维生素C", "D": "肝脏疾病"}, "answer": "长期服用维生素C", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于子宫颈鳞癌的发生发展过程,下述描述恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "早期浸润癌—原位癌—浸润癌", "B": "上皮增生—原位癌—浸润癌", "C": "原位癌—早期浸润癌—浸润癌", "D": "上皮不典型增生—原位癌—早期浸润癌—浸润癌"}, "answer": "上皮不典型增生—原位癌—早期浸润癌—浸润癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,44岁。突发右下腹疼痛伴呕吐、停止排气排便6小时。查体:P110次/分,BP120/80mmHg,右侧腹股沟韧带下方卵圆窝处可及半球形包块,压痛明显,不能还纳。下一步处理正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即手术治疗", "B": "密切观察病情变化", "C": "应用吗啡,缓解疼痛", "D": "立即扩容补液"}, "answer": "立即手术治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对特异投射系统的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "点对点投射至皮层特定感觉区", "B": "主要终止于皮层第四层,再转而与大锥体细胞的胞体形成突触联系", "C": "引起特定感觉", "D": "切断特异传导通路动物将出现昏睡"}, "answer": "切断特异传导通路动物将出现昏睡", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "足月妊娠,正常胎心率是(  )。", "options": {"A": "90~130次/分", "B": "100~140次/分", "C": "110~150次/分", "D": "120~160次/分"}, "answer": "120~160次/分", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "青霉素的主要抗菌作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制胞壁黏肽合成", "B": "抑制二氢叶酸还原酶", "C": "抑制RNA多聚酶", "D": "增加细胞膜通透性"}, "answer": "抑制胞壁黏肽合成", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于生物-心理-社会医学模式,下列提法中错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "21世纪建立起来的一种全新医学模式", "B": "临床实践活动和医学科学研究的指导思想", "C": "在更高层次上实现了对人的尊重", "D": "不仅重视人的生物生存状态,而且更加重视人的社会生存状态"}, "answer": "21世纪建立起来的一种全新医学模式", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "纵隔扑动主要发生在(  )。", "options": {"A": "闭合性气胸", "B": "开放性气胸", "C": "多发性肋骨骨折", "D": "肺癌"}, "answer": "开放性气胸", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者已诊断为肾综合征出血热并心衰、肺水肿,此时治疗应首选的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呋塞米", "B": "毛花苷C", "C": "硝普钠", "D": "氨茶碱"}, "answer": "硝普钠", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列不属于肠道病毒共同特征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "属于小RNA病毒科", "B": "病毒在肠道内增殖并从粪便排出", "C": "病毒基因组RNA不具有传染性", "D": "为直径27nm左右,二十面体立体对称的无包膜球形病毒"}, "answer": "病毒基因组RNA不具有传染性", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于超敏反应正确的理解是(  )。", "options": {"A": "机体反应性处于低状态", "B": "初次接触Ag即可能发生", "C": "属于正常免疫应答", "D": "属于异常免疫应答"}, "answer": "属于异常免疫应答", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.急性肾小球肾炎病前常有感染病史如(  )。", "options": {"A": "A组β溶血性链球菌感染", "B": "急性肾小球肾炎", "C": "腺病毒感染", "D": "肾炎性肾病"}, "answer": "A组β溶血性链球菌感染", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "耳、肾毒性最低的氨基糖苷类药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "庆大霉素", "B": "卡那霉素", "C": "奈替米星", "D": "新霉素"}, "answer": "奈替米星", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.属于保密的内容的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医疗服务不但要立足于现实,而且要立足于发展", "B": "在行为前选择,在行为中监督,在行为后评价", "C": "不将危重疾病的真实情况告诉患者", "D": "在医疗服务中用尊称、敬称"}, "answer": "不将危重疾病的真实情况告诉患者", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "新生儿接种卡介苗的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "出生后2天", "B": "出生后1天", "C": "出生后3天", "D": "出生后7天"}, "answer": "出生后3天", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "单纯左心衰竭的典型体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝颈静脉回流征阳性", "B": "双肺底闻及湿啰音", "C": "胸腔积液", "D": "颈静脉怒张"}, "answer": "双肺底闻及湿啰音", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,68岁。胃体癌侵及浆膜层。探查肝脏、盆腔无转移,根治手术关腹前应用温热蒸馏水反复冲洗腹腔,其主要目的是防止(  )。", "options": {"A": "术后肠粘连", "B": "肿瘤血行转移", "C": "肿瘤直接蔓延", "D": "肿瘤腹膜种植转移"}, "answer": "肿瘤腹膜种植转移", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是神经系统实现其调节功能的基本的方式?(  )", "options": {"A": "正反馈和负反馈", "B": "躯体反射和内脏反射", "C": "条件反射和非条件反射", "D": "神经内分泌调节和神经免疫调节"}, "answer": "条件反射和非条件反射", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,73岁。突发腹痛伴寒战、高热5天,巩膜黄染2天。查体:T 39.1℃,P 104次/分,R 22次/分,BP 100/72mmHg。上腹肌紧张,压痛、反跳痛(+),肝脾未触及,肠鸣音2~3次/分。血WBC 16×109/L,N 0.79,ALT 60U/L,AST 55U/L,TBil 69μmol/L,DBil 61μmol/L,血、尿淀粉酶正常范围。2.最适宜的急诊手术是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆囊切除术", "B": "手术解除肠梗阻或系膜血管梗阻", "C": "胆囊造瘘术", "D": "胆总管探查,T形管引流术"}, "answer": "胆总管探查,T形管引流术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,64岁,2型糖尿病10年,平日疏于治疗。此次因呕吐、腹泻3天,意识不清1天入院。1.急诊接诊时考虑患者为某一种糖尿病昏迷,为行鉴别诊断,以下检查应首先进行(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑脊液检查", "B": "动脉血气分析", "C": "血糖、电解质及肾功能检查", "D": "血、尿常规"}, "answer": "血糖、电解质及肾功能检查", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,30岁,左前胸刀刺伤半小时。查体:烦躁不安,皮肤苍白湿冷,呼吸困难,脉细弱,140次/min,颈静脉怒张。血压70/50mmHg。左前胸第5肋间处见约4cm刀伤口。3.既有诊断意义又有治疗价值的最佳选择是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心包腔穿刺", "B": "胸腔镜检查", "C": "心导管检查", "D": "胸腔闭式引流"}, "answer": "心包腔穿刺", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.酸泵抑制剂(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙谷胺", "B": "奥美拉唑", "C": "哌吡氮平", "D": "吗丁啉"}, "answer": "奥美拉唑", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是慢性再障的治疗首选?(  )", "options": {"A": "丙酸睾酮肌内注射", "B": "造血干细胞移植", "C": "抗胸腺球蛋白", "D": "肾上腺糖皮质激素口服"}, "answer": "丙酸睾酮肌内注射", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,45岁,酗酒后8小时出现中上腹疼痛,放射至两侧腰部,伴恶心、呕吐。查体:腹部有压痛、肌紧张及两侧腰腹部出现蓝棕色斑,血压75/55mmHg,脉搏110次/min。3.对诊断困难者应进一步采取(  )。", "options": {"A": "剖腹探查", "B": "抗感染治疗下严密观察", "C": "抗休克治疗", "D": "腹腔穿刺"}, "answer": "腹腔穿刺", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "硝酸醋类药物舒张血管的作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阻断β受体", "B": "直接作用于血管平滑肌", "C": "释放一氧化氮", "D": "阻滞Ca2+通道"}, "answer": "释放一氧化氮", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,55岁。尿频、排尿困难、尿不成线1年余。曾发生急性尿潴留。经检查确诊为良性前列腺增生。肺、肝、肾功能检查未见异常。2.若患者选择保守治疗,常用的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "间歇导尿", "B": "抗感染治疗", "C": "α受体阻断药", "D": "激光疗法"}, "answer": "α受体阻断药", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "足月男孩,顺产,出生体重3.2kg,生后20小时开始出现黄疸,微量胆红素测定为221μmol/L。2.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生理性黄疸", "B": "新生儿肝炎", "C": "新生儿溶血病", "D": "新生儿败血症"}, "answer": "新生儿溶血病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "DNA变性时其结构变化表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "磷酸二酯键断裂", "B": "碱基内C-C键断裂", "C": "戊糖内C-C键断裂", "D": "对应碱基间氢键断裂"}, "answer": "对应碱基间氢键断裂", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,28岁,头晕乏力一年半,皮肤散在出血点。血象:Hb65g/L,RBC 2×1012/L,WBC 1.8×109/L。白细胞分类:淋巴细胞0.8,中性0.2。骨髓增生低下。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性再障", "B": "慢性再障", "C": "骨髓纤维化", "D": "白血病"}, "answer": "慢性再障", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.血液凝固后析出的淡黄色液体为(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清", "B": "清蛋白", "C": "补体", "D": "抗体"}, "answer": "血清", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有关黏液性水肿昏迷的描述,以下错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "表现为躁动、高热、多汗", "B": "表现为嗜睡、低体温、心动过缓、呼吸浅慢", "C": "严重时休克、呼吸衰竭、心肾功能不全", "D": "感染、手术、中断替代治疗可诱发"}, "answer": "表现为躁动、高热、多汗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对糖尿病的饮食治疗表述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肥胖者宜给高热量饮食治疗", "B": "病情轻可以不用饮食治疗", "C": "有并发症者不用饮食治疗", "D": "不论病情轻重都需饮食治疗"}, "answer": "不论病情轻重都需饮食治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医学模式的发展经历了几个阶段(  )。", "options": {"A": "2个", "B": "3个", "C": "4个", "D": "5个"}, "answer": "4个", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "42岁,女性,家庭妇女,右拇指活动弹响伴右拇指间关节明显疼痛半年,右拇指不能主动伸直半天。检查:右第1掌指关节掌面可及黄豆大小质硬结节,压痛明显,被动屈伸右拇指可于结节处触及弹响。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "右拇长屈肌腱腱鞘炎", "B": "腱鞘囊肿", "C": "风湿结节", "D": "骨关节病"}, "answer": "右拇长屈肌腱腱鞘炎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.人人享有卫生保健是贯彻了(  )。", "options": {"A": "知情同意原则", "B": "保守秘密原则", "C": "诚实原则", "D": "公正原则"}, "answer": "公正原则", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,60岁。右髋部疼痛20年,近2年加重。步行200米即出现明显髋痛,不能盘腿,髋关节内外旋均受限。X线检查示右髋骨关节间隙消失,关节边缘骨质增生,股骨头变宽,与髋臼失去正常对合关系。首先的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "关节镜清理术", "B": "人工全髋关节置换术", "C": "口服非甾体抗炎药", "D": "人工股骨头置换术"}, "answer": "人工全髋关节置换术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "基因表达调控主要是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "DNA复制上的调控", "B": "转录后的修饰", "C": "蛋白质折叠的形成", "D": "转录的调控"}, "answer": "转录的调控", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对血小板止血功能的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "在损伤处粘附和聚集,形成止血栓", "B": "血管壁的前列环素(PGI2)有抑制血小板聚集的作用", "C": "血小板的血栓素A2(TXA2)有加强血小板聚集的作用", "D": "血小板内不含有凝血因子"}, "answer": "血小板内不含有凝血因子", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "真核生物的核糖体中rRNA包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "5.8S、16S、18S和23SrRNA", "B": "5S、5.8S、18S和28SrRNA", "C": "5S、16S和23SrRNA", "D": "5S、5.8S和28SrRNA"}, "answer": "5S、5.8S、18S和28SrRNA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "葡萄胎的处理,下列错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一经确诊,应尽快清宫", "B": "必要时第2次刮宫", "C": "术后严密随访至妊娠试验(-)为止", "D": "嘱患者术后避孕一年"}, "answer": "术后严密随访至妊娠试验(-)为止", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "国家实行特殊管理的药品不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻醉药品", "B": "疫苗", "C": "精神药品", "D": "医疗用毒性药品"}, "answer": "疫苗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.发现艾滋病时,城镇应当发出报告的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "6h内", "B": "18h内", "C": "24h内", "D": "36h内"}, "answer": "6h内", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪种肿瘤与遗传因素关系密切?(  )", "options": {"A": "胃癌", "B": "肾癌", "C": "黑色素瘤", "D": "视网膜母细胞瘤"}, "answer": "视网膜母细胞瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,35岁,高热,皮肤瘙痒半月,右颈及锁骨上淋巴结肿大,无压痛,互相粘连,血红蛋白90g/L,白细胞10×109/L,中性粒细胞66%,淋巴细胞24%,骨髓涂片找到里-斯氏细胞。2.如需明确诊断首先应作的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部或全身CT", "B": "淋巴结活检", "C": "MRI", "D": "中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶测定"}, "answer": "淋巴结活检", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项为心理治疗的性质?(  )", "options": {"A": "对行为的改造与纠正", "B": "对人格的改造与纠正", "C": "有效、有益和人道的心理干预", "D": "以上都正确"}, "answer": "以上都正确", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,36岁。因急性一氧化碳中毒入院,治疗1周后症状消失出院。2月后突然出现意识障碍。既往无高血压及脑血管病史。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑出血", "B": "脑梗塞", "C": "中毒迟发性脑病", "D": "中间综合征"}, "answer": "中毒迟发性脑病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性肾小球肾炎水肿的主要机制为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球滤过率下降,水钠潴留", "B": "低蛋白血症", "C": "毛细血管通透性增加", "D": "继发性醛固酮增多症"}, "answer": "肾小球滤过率下降,水钠潴留", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.颅后窝骨折(  )。", "options": {"A": "双眼睑皮下青紫,逐渐加重,出现熊猫眼征", "B": "乳突下瘀血斑出现Battle征", "C": "脑脊液耳漏", "D": "颞部头皮肿胀瘀血"}, "answer": "乳突下瘀血斑出现Battle征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "中枢神经系统白血病多出现于(  )。", "options": {"A": "急单核细胞白血病", "B": "急性粒细胞白血病", "C": "慢性粒细胞白血病", "D": "儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病"}, "answer": "儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心指数为(  )。", "options": {"A": "心排血量/心室舒张末期容积", "B": "心排血量/体表面积", "C": "心排血量/体重", "D": "每搏输出量/体表面积"}, "answer": "心排血量/体表面积", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "24岁男性,农民,因畏寒发热起病,伴全身肌肉酸痛,头痛4天于8月10日入院。入院1天发现皮肤黄染,尿量减少,尿色深黄,查体:结膜充血,巩膜及皮肤中度黄染,皮肤有出血点,浅表淋巴结肿大,肝肋下1cm,压痛(+),脾(-),实验室检查WBC 15.4×109/L,N 80%,L 20%,尿检:尿蛋白(+),颗粒管型,WBC 8~15/HP,RBC 20~30/HP,BUN 24mmol/L,凝集溶解试验阳性。4.确定诊断的指标是什么?(  )", "options": {"A": "流行病学资料", "B": "临床表现", "C": "血培养", "D": "便培养"}, "answer": "血培养", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,马车翻车时砸伤下腹部,查体:耻骨联合处压痛,挤压试验阳性,膀胱胀满,橡皮导尿管插入一定深度未引出尿液,导尿管尖端见血迹,此时应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "导尿管插入深度不足", "B": "导尿管插入方法不对", "C": "骨盆骨折合并尿道断裂", "D": "骨盆骨折合并膀胱损伤"}, "answer": "骨盆骨折合并尿道断裂", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项不是舌咽、迷走神经麻痹的临床表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "说话声音带鼻音", "B": "患侧软腭活动受限", "C": "患侧咽反射消失", "D": "舌前2/3味觉消失"}, "answer": "舌前2/3味觉消失", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "苯丙酮尿症的生化改变,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "酪氨酸产生减少", "B": "甲状腺素、肾上腺素合成增多", "C": "黑色素合成不足", "D": "尿中苯乙酸排出增多"}, "answer": "甲状腺素、肾上腺素合成增多", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "根据世界卫生组织资料,6个月~6岁小儿血红蛋白值的低限是(  )。", "options": {"A": "90g/L", "B": "100g/L", "C": "110g/L", "D": "120g/L"}, "answer": "110g/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.责令暂停执业活动3~6个月(  )。", "options": {"A": "造成医疗责任事故、情节严重的", "B": "隐匿、伪造或者擅自销毁医学文书,构成犯罪的", "C": "造成医疗技术事故、情节严重的", "D": "考核不合格的医师"}, "answer": "考核不合格的医师", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.《医疗事故处理条例》规定,对60周岁以上的患者因医疗事故致残的,赔偿其残疾生活补助费的时间不超过(  )。", "options": {"A": "10年", "B": "15年", "C": "20年", "D": "30年"}, "answer": "15年", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "与葡萄球菌感染易于局限化有关的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠毒素", "B": "SPA", "C": "血浆凝固酶", "D": "杀白细胞素"}, "answer": "血浆凝固酶", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "伤寒最具特征性的病变部位在(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠系膜淋巴结", "B": "结肠", "C": "回肠下段集合淋巴结与孤立淋巴滤泡", "D": "乙状结肠"}, "answer": "回肠下段集合淋巴结与孤立淋巴滤泡", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "“虎斑心”属于下列哪项病变?(  )", "options": {"A": "黏液样变性", "B": "玻璃样变性", "C": "气球样变性", "D": "脂肪变性"}, "answer": "脂肪变性", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血出现精神症状主要由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "缺乏维生素B12", "B": "缺乏维生素C", "C": "缺乏叶酸", "D": "缺乏四氢叶酸"}, "answer": "缺乏维生素B12", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿3岁,咳嗽3天。查体:呼吸急促,三凹征阴性,双肺呼吸音粗,闻及少许哮鸣音,心、肺正常,诊断为急性支气管炎。支气管肺炎与本病主要区别是(  )。", "options": {"A": "喘息", "B": "刺激性咳嗽,频繁", "C": "肺部固定湿啰音", "D": "白细胞增高,以中性粒细胞为主"}, "answer": "肺部固定湿啰音", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某钢铁厂炼焦工,因焦炉煤气泄漏中毒,出现昏迷而入院治疗,在意识障碍恢复出院后一个月,又出现神情症状和意识障碍,精神呆滞、语言不清、肢体震颤等,该患者可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑出血", "B": "脑肿瘤", "C": "脑膜炎", "D": "迟发脑病"}, "answer": "迟发脑病", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "哪种方法对确定乳房肿块性质最可靠?(  )", "options": {"A": "乳房X线检查", "B": "临床表现", "C": "溢液涂片", "D": "活组织切片检查"}, "answer": "活组织切片检查", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,25岁,急非淋M,型经DA方案治疗后部分缓解,近日自觉左下肢疼痛,腰椎4~5椎旁压痛(+),直腿抬高试验(+),应如何治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰穿脑脊液检查,鞘内注射MTX", "B": "放疗", "C": "大剂量化疗", "D": "骨科治疗"}, "answer": "腰穿脑脊液检查,鞘内注射MTX", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,31岁,行走不慎跌入下水井缘骑跨伤后6小时,会阴区疼痛剧烈,不能坐和行走。伤后未排尿,解不出小便不能查尿常规,检查:骨盆挤压、分离试验(+)2.最易出现的合并症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膀胱损伤", "B": "尿道损伤", "C": "直肠损伤", "D": "骶神经损伤"}, "answer": "尿道损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "阑尾周围脓肿非手术治疗治愈,择期行阑尾切除的时间是治愈后(  )。", "options": {"A": "1周", "B": "2周", "C": "2个月", "D": "3个月"}, "answer": "3个月", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "嘧啶环中的两个氮原子是来自于(  )。", "options": {"A": "谷氨酰胺和天冬酰胺", "B": "谷氨酰胺和氨甲酰磷酸", "C": "天冬酰胺和氨甲酰磷酸", "D": "天冬氨酸和氨甲酰磷酸"}, "answer": "天冬氨酸和氨甲酰磷酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,41岁。腹泻1天,1天前进食海产品后出现腹泻,大便30余次,为米泔样便。查体:P 110次/分,BP 80/50mmHg,皮肤干皱,弹性稍差,眼窝凹陷。血常规:Hb 162g/L,WBC 13.7×109g/L,N 0.85,Plt 142×109/L。该患者腹泻的发病机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠黏膜细胞内cAMP水平升高,过度分泌电解质", "B": "主要由于结肠、乙状结肠管麻痹", "C": "主要由于脏器的实质性损害", "D": "与致病菌引起的侵袭性病变有关"}, "answer": "肠黏膜细胞内cAMP水平升高,过度分泌电解质", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "25岁,男性,春季,主诉寒战,高热,剧烈头痛1天,呕吐3次,查体:神志清楚,体温39.8℃,颈强直(+),皮肤有瘀点,咽部充血,心肺腹无异常,克氏征阴性,血白细胞20×109/L,中性粒85%,腰穿:脑脊液米汤样,细胞数3000×106/L,中性80%,糖1.12mmol/L。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核性脑膜炎", "B": "化脓性脑膜炎", "C": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "D": "脑型疟疾"}, "answer": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿初次感染结核菌至产生变态反应的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2~3天", "B": "4~6天", "C": "2~3周", "D": "4~8周"}, "answer": "4~8周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性支气管炎急性发作伴细菌感染时,最主要的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "咳嗽加重", "B": "咳白色泡沫痰与黏液痰", "C": "咳脓性痰且痰量增加", "D": "肺部有哮鸣音"}, "answer": "咳脓性痰且痰量增加", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,40岁。患糖尿病10余年,尿蛋白显示阴性,近2个月感下腹部胀,排尿不畅伴尿失禁。B超显示“膀胱扩大,尿潴留”。其原因应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖尿病自主神经病变", "B": "糖尿病合并泌尿系感染", "C": "糖尿病合并慢性前列腺炎", "D": "糖尿病肾病"}, "answer": "糖尿病自主神经病变", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "氨茶碱治疗支气管哮喘的作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阻断迷走神经", "B": "抑制磷酸二酯酶", "C": "激活腺苷酸环化酶", "D": "使封闭抗体增加"}, "answer": "抑制磷酸二酯酶", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,22岁,农民,因3天来发热、腰痛、头痛、头晕,于12月15日入院。查:T37.6℃,BP 70/40mmHg,眼结膜充血,面部、颈部潮红,胸腹两侧壁散在小出血点,双肾区有叩击痛。血WBC 18×109/L,血小板52×109/L,尿蛋白(+++)。镜检每高倍视野有10~20个红细胞,1~2个管型。3.对该患者的处理,下列各项中不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "补充血容量", "B": "适当应用血管活性药", "C": "待血压正常立即停止输液", "D": "不输全血"}, "answer": "待血压正常立即停止输液", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "5.海产品可(  )。", "options": {"A": "引起Ⅰ型超敏反应", "B": "引起Ⅲ型超敏反应", "C": "引起Ⅳ型超敏反应", "D": "是Ⅰ型超敏反应的介质"}, "answer": "引起Ⅰ型超敏反应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,40岁。近4年来逐渐出现活动后心悸、气短。查体:心尖部可闻及舒张期隆隆样杂音。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "二尖瓣狭窄", "B": "二尖瓣关闭不全", "C": "主动脉瓣狭窄", "D": "肥厚型梗阻性心肌病"}, "answer": "二尖瓣狭窄", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.抗原性漂移(Antigenic drift)是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "猪流感病毒由人传给猪", "B": "雪貂感染人流感病毒", "C": "表达血凝素(HA)和神经氨酸酶(NA)的基因片段发生点突变,使抗原性发生量变", "D": "表达HA和NA的基因片段发生大幅度突变或称质变,形成新毒株"}, "answer": "表达血凝素(HA)和神经氨酸酶(NA)的基因片段发生点突变,使抗原性发生量变", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项不是激素的第二信使?(  )", "options": {"A": "PIP2", "B": "Ca2+", "C": "DG", "D": "cAMP"}, "answer": "PIP2", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,20岁,因外伤致第4、5颈椎骨折并发颈髓损伤,四肢呈弛缓性瘫痪,高热40℃,持续数日不降,应采取何种降温方法(  )。", "options": {"A": "冬眠疗法", "B": "使用抗生素", "C": "物理降温", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "物理降温", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.T2N0M0的TNM分期为(  )。", "options": {"A": "0期", "B": "Ⅰ期", "C": "Ⅱ期", "D": "Ⅲ期"}, "answer": "Ⅱ期", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列对于流行性脑脊髓膜炎的描述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑膜刺激征", "B": "血性脑脊液", "C": "颅内压升高症状", "D": "皮肤黏膜瘀点、瘀斑"}, "answer": "血性脑脊液", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.测定肺通气效率较好的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "潮气量", "B": "时间肺活量", "C": "通气与血流比值", "D": "肺扩散容量"}, "answer": "时间肺活量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "贫血时病人皮肤及粘膜苍白,较为可靠的检查部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "面颊、皮肤及上腭粘膜", "B": "耳轮皮肤", "C": "颈部皮肤及舌面", "D": "睑结膜、指甲及口唇"}, "answer": "睑结膜、指甲及口唇", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肺毛细血管楔压(PCWP)的正常值是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2.1~2.5kPa", "B": "0.8~2.0kPa", "C": "0.5~0.7kPa", "D": "2.6~2.9kPa"}, "answer": "0.8~2.0kPa", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,50岁,患风湿性心脏病,心功能不全Ⅱ度。经地高辛治疗4周后病情缓解,但出现恶心、呕吐、黄视等。心电图:P—P和P—R间期延长。测血中地高辛浓度为3.2ng/ml。诊断为地高辛中毒。除立即停药外,还应给下述哪一种药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "苯妥英钠", "B": "阿托品", "C": "利多卡因", "D": "普鲁卡因胺"}, "answer": "阿托品", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某慢性低氧血症患者出现代谢性酸中毒和高钾血症,但血压正常,下列哪项是该患者血钾增高的原因?(  )", "options": {"A": "肾小管K+–Na+交换减弱", "B": "肾小管Na+重吸收减少", "C": "肾小管K+–H+交换增加", "D": "肾小球滤过率降低"}, "answer": "肾小管K+–Na+交换减弱", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下面关于免疫耐受的叙述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫耐受是机体免疫系统的一种非特异性免疫不应答状态", "B": "免疫耐受需经抗原诱导", "C": "免疫耐受对抗原具有特异性,并具有记忆性", "D": "免疫耐受是一种负免疫应答"}, "answer": "免疫耐受是机体免疫系统的一种非特异性免疫不应答状态", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "反应肝纤维化的血清学指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直接胆红素", "B": "胆碱脂酶", "C": "丙氨酸氨基转移酶", "D": "Ⅳ型胶原"}, "answer": "Ⅳ型胶原", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于定期考核不合格的医师,暂停执业活动期满,再次进行考核,对考核合格的(  )。", "options": {"A": "试用一年", "B": "允许申请注册", "C": "试用半年", "D": "允许继续执业"}, "answer": "允许继续执业", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于RNA的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "mRNA中含有遗传密码", "B": "rRNA是含量最多的一类核酸", "C": "tRNA分子量较小", "D": "RNA只存在于胞浆中"}, "answer": "RNA只存在于胞浆中", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,45岁,3天前因车祸受伤,3小时前出现右侧肢体活动不利。受伤当日在县医院行CT检查未见异常。此时,最大的可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "出现亚急性硬膜下血肿", "B": "因CT质量问题而误诊", "C": "迟发性外伤性脑内血肿", "D": "出现亚急性硬膜外血肿"}, "answer": "迟发性外伤性脑内血肿", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "系统性红斑狼疮病中主要产生的抗体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗核糖体抗体", "B": "抗组蛋白抗体", "C": "抗核抗体", "D": "抗RNA抗体"}, "answer": "抗核抗体", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肠上皮化生多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性肠炎", "B": "慢性萎缩性胃炎", "C": "慢性胃溃疡", "D": "肠腺癌"}, "answer": "慢性萎缩性胃炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.属于被动免疫用于紧急预防破伤风的免疫制剂是(  )。", "options": {"A": "BCG", "B": "DPT", "C": "MMR", "D": "TAT"}, "answer": "TAT", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "上消化道出血的临床表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "呕血与黑粪", "B": "呕血、便血、休克", "C": "呕血、便血、休克、全身皮肤出血", "D": "失血性休克"}, "answer": "呕血、便血、休克", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "交感神经兴奋时,少尿的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血浆胶体渗透压升高", "B": "血浆晶体渗透压升高", "C": "肾血流量减少", "D": "醛固酮分泌减少"}, "answer": "肾血流量减少", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.可见于颅脑外伤性精神障碍之智能减退(  )。", "options": {"A": "以人格改变为早期症状的痴呆", "B": "潜隐发病,以记忆力下降为主要表现的痴呆", "C": "有痴呆症状伴明显的视幻觉及类帕金森氏病症状", "D": "遗忘综合征伴有脑震荡后综合征"}, "answer": "遗忘综合征伴有脑震荡后综合征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "特发性全面强直—阵挛发作,首选药物为(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙戊酸钠", "B": "乙琥胺", "C": "苯妥英钠", "D": "卡马西平"}, "answer": "丙戊酸钠", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "糖尿病酮症酸中毒的临床表现(  )。", "options": {"A": "食欲减退,恶心、呕吐,极度口渴,尿量增多", "B": "原有症状加重或首次出现“三多”伴乏力", "C": "有代谢性酸中毒症状", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.初产妇,24岁,宫口开全2小时10分钟尚未分娩,此时的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "第二产程停滞", "B": "第二产程延长", "C": "活跃期停滞", "D": "潜伏期延长"}, "answer": "第二产程延长", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "近3个月同等程度劳累所诱发的胸痛次数、程度及持续时间均增加,应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "变异型心绞痛", "B": "稳定型劳累性心绞痛", "C": "恶化性劳累性心绞痛", "D": "心内膜下心肌梗死"}, "answer": "恶化性劳累性心绞痛", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,56岁。反酸、烧心5年。胃镜检查:食管下段黏膜多发条形破损,相互融合。该患者首选的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "奥美拉唑", "B": "硫糖铝", "C": "枸橼酸铋钾", "D": "铝碳酸镁"}, "answer": "奥美拉唑", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,45岁,诊断为巨大结节性甲状腺肿,在颈丛麻醉下行一侧甲状腺全切,另一侧甲状腺大部切除术,术后第2天突然发生窒息,面肌和手足持续性痉挛。3.预防此种并发症的关键是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结扎、切断甲状腺上动脉应紧贴甲状腺上极", "B": "保留腺体要适当", "C": "术中常规做气管切开", "D": "必须保存两叶腺体背面部分"}, "answer": "必须保存两叶腺体背面部分", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "巴甫洛夫根据高级神经活动类型的特征对气质进行分类,与希波克拉底的四种类型相对应。不属于上述四种类型的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "安静型", "B": "兴奋型", "C": "抑制型", "D": "外向型"}, "answer": "外向型", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "降低输血过敏反应发生率的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "选用洗涤红细胞", "B": "选用一次性输血器", "C": "采用无热源技术配制保存液", "D": "减慢输血速度"}, "answer": "选用洗涤红细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,36岁,5d前发热、咽疼,应用抗生素治疗无效。颈部浅表淋巴结肿大,咽部充血,扁桃体Ⅱ度肿大,下肢少许瘀斑。白细胞16.6×109/L,原始细胞0.60,血红蛋白80g/L,血小板34×109/L。3.为明确诊断应做的检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "血小板抗体", "B": "血清铁蛋白", "C": "骨髓扫描", "D": "骨髓涂片细胞学检查"}, "answer": "骨髓涂片细胞学检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "治疗急性心肌梗死引起的室性心动过速的首选药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "普鲁卡因胺", "B": "奎尼丁", "C": "利多卡因", "D": "维拉帕米"}, "answer": "利多卡因", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "根据传染病防治法的规定,以下哪一项不属于医疗机构的职责?(  )", "options": {"A": "传染病病例报告", "B": "对拒绝隔离的患者采取强制措施", "C": "防治医源性感染", "D": "防止院内感染"}, "answer": "对拒绝隔离的患者采取强制措施", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,23岁,间断发热、关节痛1年半月来高热、皮疹、下肢浮肿;血压120/80mmHg,皮肤无紫癜,肝脾不大,尿蛋白(+++),尿红细胞5~10/HP,颗粒管型偶见,Hb 98g/L,网织红细胞5%,血BUN 7mmol/L。1.本例最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾炎", "B": "慢性肾盂肾炎", "C": "过敏性紫癜肾炎", "D": "系统性红斑狼疮继发狼疮性肾炎"}, "answer": "系统性红斑狼疮继发狼疮性肾炎", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "铁的吸收部位是在(  )。", "options": {"A": "回肠末段", "B": "回肠中段", "C": "十二指肠及空肠上段", "D": "胃底"}, "answer": "十二指肠及空肠上段", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下哪种疾病最容易发生夜间阵发性呼吸困难?(  )", "options": {"A": "高血压", "B": "房间隔缺损", "C": "慢性缩窄性心包炎", "D": "肺动脉瓣狭窄"}, "answer": "高血压", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "阿托品对下列哪种平滑肌的松弛作用最强?(  )", "options": {"A": "胃肠道", "B": "输尿管", "C": "支气管", "D": "胆管"}, "answer": "胃肠道", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在医德境界中,目前绝大多数医务人员处在的层次为(  )。", "options": {"A": "自私自利的医德境界", "B": "先公后私的医德境界", "C": "先私后公的医德境界", "D": "极端自私自利的医德境界"}, "answer": "先公后私的医德境界", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,48岁,G2P2,月经周期紊乱,体潮热1年,阴道流血35天,伴头晕,乏力l0天,妇科检查宫颈轻度糜烂,无触血,子宫大小形态正常,双侧附件区未触及异常。超声检查示:子宫内膜厚0.8cm,无流血信号。3.若诊断成立,首选的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "广泛性子宫切除术", "B": "宫颈椎切", "C": "腹腔探查术", "D": "激素类药物治疗"}, "answer": "激素类药物治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,45岁,酗酒后8小时出现中上腹疼痛,放射至两侧腰部,伴恶心、呕吐。查体:腹部有压痛、肌紧张及两侧腰腹部出现蓝棕色斑,血压75/55mmHg,脉搏110次/min。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性胃炎", "B": "急性肠梗阻", "C": "急性胰腺炎", "D": "急性胆管炎"}, "answer": "急性胰腺炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.脓液穿破组织,一端向体表穿破,另一端穿入体腔,形成排脓的串通性管道(  )。", "options": {"A": "溃疡", "B": "瘘管", "C": "窦道", "D": "表面化脓"}, "answer": "瘘管", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "婴儿腹泻当补液纠正脱水与酸中毒后,患儿突然发生惊厥,首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "低血镁", "B": "补液速度太快", "C": "低血钾", "D": "低血钙"}, "answer": "低血钙", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "传染病隐性感染特点不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "感染过程结束后少数人可转变为病原携带状态", "B": "病原体感染人体后诱导机体产生特异性免疫应答", "C": "不引起或仅引起轻微组织损伤", "D": "在传染病中少见"}, "answer": "在传染病中少见", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,30岁,1年来常感下腹胀痛,曾在多家医院检查无异常,但仍紧张不安,近半年出现闷闷不乐,早醒,对事物兴趣丧失,感到自己的身体状况越来越差,认为自己得了绝症,时常对着家人哭泣,认为自己没有能力抚养子女,不但连累了家庭,给领导带来麻烦,还成为社会的负担,只有一死才能解脱。体检及神经系统无异常。2.该病人适宜的治疗药物为(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯丙嗪", "B": "丁螺环酮", "C": "氟西汀", "D": "谷维素"}, "answer": "氟西汀", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "慢性肾小球肾炎,GFR 65ml/min,最主要的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用β受体阻滞剂", "B": "低蛋白饮食", "C": "应用包醛氧化淀粉", "D": "应用ACEI"}, "answer": "应用ACEI", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "克罗恩病好发部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "回肠末端", "B": "食管", "C": "横结肠", "D": "空肠"}, "answer": "回肠末端", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "哪项符合小儿1岁时的平均身长?(  )", "options": {"A": "75cm", "B": "70cm", "C": "65cm", "D": "50cm"}, "answer": "75cm", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于他巴唑(甲巯咪唑)治疗甲亢作用机制的描述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制甲状腺过氧酶活性", "B": "抑制酪氨酸碘化", "C": "抑制碘化酪氨酸的缩合", "D": "抑制甲状腺素的释放"}, "answer": "抑制甲状腺素的释放", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列因素中,刺激抗利尿激素分泌最强的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血浆晶体渗透压增高", "B": "血浆胶体渗透压增高", "C": "饮大量清水", "D": "血容量减少"}, "answer": "血浆晶体渗透压增高", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,13岁。月经初潮后1年,月经周期1~4个月,经量多,伴血块,此次行经已8日,量仍多,主要的止血措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大剂量雌激素", "B": "小剂量孕激素", "C": "抗纤溶及促凝药物", "D": "诊断性刮宫术"}, "answer": "大剂量雌激素", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,46岁,因甲状腺功能亢进行甲状腺大部切除术,手术经过顺利,术后第二天,患者诉口唇周围及双手阵发性针刺感。2.应如何处理?(  )", "options": {"A": "口服一些营养神经的药物", "B": "进行物理治疗", "C": "口服碘剂,静脉滴注氢化可的松", "D": "适当限制肉类、乳品及蛋类等食品的摄人并口服葡萄糖酸钙"}, "answer": "适当限制肉类、乳品及蛋类等食品的摄人并口服葡萄糖酸钙", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "正常人尿中出现的色素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆素", "B": "胆红素", "C": "胆绿素", "D": "胆汁酸"}, "answer": "胆素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.在大多数传染病中,最常见的表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病原体被消灭或排出体外", "B": "隐性感染", "C": "病原携带状态", "D": "潜伏性感染"}, "answer": "隐性感染", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是主要用于预防Ⅰ型超敏反应所致哮喘的药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "氨茶碱", "B": "肾上腺素", "C": "色甘酸钠", "D": "异丙肾上腺素"}, "answer": "色甘酸钠", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.不具有完全民事行为能力的(  )。", "options": {"A": "从事医师执业活动", "B": "申请执业医师注册", "C": "不予医师执业注册", "D": "注销执业医师注册"}, "answer": "不予医师执业注册", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "脑出血的内科治疗最重要的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "控制脑水肿", "B": "抗生素治疗", "C": "降低血压", "D": "给止血剂"}, "answer": "控制脑水肿", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3岁女孩,出生时正常,4月后发现发育落后于正常小儿,伴有惊厥,喂养困难。查体:抬头无力,全身皮肤白嫩,头发呈棕黄色,会笑,说话不清,扶之会站,走路不稳,有明显的鼠尿味,尿三氯化铁试验呈绿色。2.本病何时开始治疗效果最好?(  )", "options": {"A": "新生儿期", "B": "半岁左右", "C": "1岁左右", "D": "3岁左右"}, "answer": "新生儿期", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.全效杀菌药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "异烟肼", "B": "吡嗪酰胺", "C": "乙胺丁醇", "D": "乙硫异烟胺"}, "answer": "异烟肼", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,33岁,外伤住院急需手术输血。2.哪些主要内容需要核查?(  )", "options": {"A": "在病人病历中记录输血日期、输血时间、输注的血液成份及编号,已备查对", "B": "核查血液(血液成份)外包装上血液的有效期限", "C": "确认病人的资料,包括病人姓名、住院号、病房、病床号,核对病例,核对血型配型标签,定血单等", "D": "以上都对"}, "answer": "以上都对", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪一项不可能出现在血吸虫病的假结核结节中?(  )", "options": {"A": "变性虫卵", "B": "异物巨细胞", "C": "干酪样坏死", "D": "淋巴细胞"}, "answer": "干酪样坏死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "卵巢功能衰竭引起卵巢性闭经,体内垂体卵泡刺激素水平应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "增高", "B": "降低", "C": "测不出", "D": "持续下降"}, "answer": "增高", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "重症肌无力患者应选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "碘解磷定", "B": "氯磷定", "C": "阿托品", "D": "新斯的明"}, "answer": "新斯的明", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肺换气的驱动力是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸膜两侧气体分压梯度", "B": "呼吸膜气体交换面积", "C": "呼吸膜通透性", "D": "气体分子溶解度"}, "answer": "呼吸膜两侧气体分压梯度", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性肾小球肾炎在病程早期突然发生惊厥,应首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "低钙惊厥", "B": "高热惊厥", "C": "低血糖", "D": "高血压脑病"}, "answer": "高血压脑病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有一名脑外伤病人,CT示右颞部梭形高密度影像,脑室中线受压移位,其诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硬膜下血肿", "B": "脑挫伤", "C": "硬膜外血肿", "D": "高血压脑出血"}, "answer": "硬膜外血肿", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不完全性肪梗阻不同于完全性肠梗阻主要表现于(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹胀不显著或无腹胀", "B": "偶见肠型或不见肠型", "C": "腹部轻压痛或无压痛", "D": "呕吐可有可无,少量排气排便"}, "answer": "呕吐可有可无,少量排气排便", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪个部位病变可导致周围性瘫痪(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓丘脑束病变", "B": "脊神经后根病变", "C": "皮质脊髓束病变", "D": "脊神经前根病变"}, "answer": "脊神经前根病变", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于血栓形成的描述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉血栓多于动脉血栓", "B": "静脉内多为混合血栓", "C": "心脏内多为红色血栓", "D": "毛细血管内多为纤维素血栓"}, "answer": "心脏内多为红色血栓", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,32岁。发热、头痛伴呕吐2天,意识障碍半天,于8月20日来诊。查体:T 39.6℃,P 130次/分,R 23次/分,BP 125/70mmHg,浅昏迷,皮肤未见淤点,颈抵抗(+),Kerning征(+),Babinski征(+)。实验室检查:血WBC 16.0×109/L,N 0.73,L 0.27。2.对明确诊断最有价值的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头颅CT", "B": "血清特异性IgM", "C": "脑脊液培养", "D": "血培养"}, "answer": "血清特异性IgM", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "机体免疫系统识别和清除突变细胞的功能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫监视", "B": "免疫耐受", "C": "免疫缺陷", "D": "免疫调节"}, "answer": "免疫监视", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "新生儿甲状腺功能减低症的初筛试验中,如果TSH>20mU/L,需要进一步检查下列哪项可以确诊?(  )", "options": {"A": "血清T3", "B": "血清T3、TSH", "C": "血清T4、TSH", "D": "血清TRH"}, "answer": "血清T4、TSH", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "流行性乙型脑炎的主要侵犯部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓灰质", "B": "大脑皮质", "C": "软脑膜", "D": "神经干"}, "answer": "大脑皮质", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.糖原合成时形成活化的葡萄糖要消耗哪种核苷酸?(  )", "options": {"A": "ATP", "B": "CTP", "C": "UTP", "D": "TTP"}, "answer": "UTP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "输注新鲜冰冻血浆的主要目的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "补充血浆蛋白", "B": "补充营养", "C": "提高免疫力", "D": "纠正止血功能异常"}, "answer": "纠正止血功能异常", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心脏病人实施手术的死亡率与无心脏病者死亡率相比(  )。", "options": {"A": "是其2~3倍", "B": "是其4~5倍", "C": "大于10倍", "D": "相差不多"}, "answer": "是其2~3倍", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "阿托品对胆碱受体的作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对N1、N2胆碱受体有同样阻断作用", "B": "对M胆碱受体具有高度选择性的阻断作用,大剂量也阻断N1胆碱受体", "C": "对M胆碱受体具有高度选择性的阻断作用,大剂量也阻断N2胆碱受体", "D": "对M胆碱受体具有高度选择性的阻断作用,对N胆碱受体无影响"}, "answer": "对M胆碱受体具有高度选择性的阻断作用,大剂量也阻断N1胆碱受体", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.患者体验到脑内概念不断涌现,一个意念接着一个意念。该症状为(  )。", "options": {"A": "思维奔逸", "B": "联想散漫", "C": "强制性思维", "D": "思维插入"}, "answer": "思维奔逸", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男孩,1.5岁。半年前发现智力较同龄儿童低,尿有霉臭味,近1个月经常抽搐发作。体检:表情呆滞,毛发棕黄,面部湿疹,皮肤白皙。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "21-三体综合征", "B": "苯丙酮尿症", "C": "癫痫", "D": "佝偻病性手足抽搐症"}, "answer": "苯丙酮尿症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在两变量X、Y直线相关分析中,相关系数的正负取决于(  )。", "options": {"A": "Y的取值", "B": "1xx", "C": "1yy", "D": "1xy"}, "answer": "1xy", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.强迫观念是(  )。", "options": {"A": "联想过程缺乏一定方向,概念间缺乏内在联系", "B": "大脑中反复出现的观念,明知不必要,却摆脱不了,感到非常痛苦", "C": "以往经验在记忆中大量脱失", "D": "持续地重复某一单调的语句"}, "answer": "大脑中反复出现的观念,明知不必要,却摆脱不了,感到非常痛苦", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一男婴,日龄4天,足月顺产,生后2天出现黄疸,拒奶,反应差,体温不升,皮肤发花。3.最具诊断价值的实验室检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "白细胞计数", "B": "肝功能", "C": "血培养", "D": "微量血沉"}, "answer": "血培养", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "通常只在部分青少年中可听到的心音是(  )。", "options": {"A": "第一心音", "B": "第二心音", "C": "第三心音", "D": "第五心音"}, "answer": "第三心音", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,26岁。因寒战、高热、头痛l周于8月6日入院。病初热型无明显规律。近3天出现隔日发作,热退后精神佳,食欲可。发病前2周曾去海南省探亲。外周血白细胞7.2×109/L,中性粒细胞0.62,淋巴细胞0.38,红细胞3.2×1012/L,血红蛋白100g/L。该患者诊断首先考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤寒", "B": "败血症", "C": "疟疾", "D": "流行性出血热"}, "answer": "疟疾", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "脑疝抢救措施首先是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸氧", "B": "向家属交待病情", "C": "脱水降颅压(静脉推注高渗脱水剂)", "D": "手术切除病灶"}, "answer": "脱水降颅压(静脉推注高渗脱水剂)", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "左肾结核无功能,右肾轻度积水,功能正常,经抗结核治疗仍有膀胱刺激症状。下一步治疗方案为(  )。", "options": {"A": "继续抗结核治疗", "B": "加强支持疗法", "C": "左肾切除术", "D": "右肾造痿术"}, "answer": "左肾切除术", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.颅前窝骨折(  )。", "options": {"A": "鼻流血", "B": "双眼睑皮下青紫,逐渐加重,出现熊猫眼征", "C": "乳突下瘀血斑出现Battle征", "D": "脑脊液耳漏"}, "answer": "双眼睑皮下青紫,逐渐加重,出现熊猫眼征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "中年女性,患糖尿病多年,现饮食控制并服用格列本脲治疗中,糖尿病控制良好。近日受凉后出现高热、咳嗽,X线证实为肺内炎症,尿糖(+++),住院治疗。除按照肺炎常规处理外,对糖尿病应如何调整治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "加大格列本脲用量", "B": "改用二甲双胍", "C": "格列本脲+二甲双胍", "D": "改用胰岛素"}, "answer": "改用胰岛素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性骨髓炎的诊断是依据(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性骨髓炎消退后2周", "B": "急性骨髓炎消退后4周", "C": "急性骨髓炎消退后3个月", "D": "急性骨髓炎消退后仍留有死骨、窦道或死腔"}, "answer": "急性骨髓炎消退后仍留有死骨、窦道或死腔", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "血肌酐超过265μmol/L时慎用的降压药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "美托洛尔", "B": "硝苯地平", "C": "阿罗洛尔", "D": "依那普利"}, "answer": "依那普利", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "脑部受伤后出现中间清醒期常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "硬脑膜下血肿", "B": "脑内血肿", "C": "硬脑膜外血肿", "D": "脑干损伤"}, "answer": "硬脑膜外血肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哪项是硫脲类治疗甲状腺功能亢进的机制?(  )", "options": {"A": "抑制甲状腺激素的生物合成", "B": "抑制TG水解", "C": "抑制甲状腺素的释放", "D": "抑制TSH分泌"}, "answer": "抑制甲状腺激素的生物合成", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,28岁,经产妇,人工流产2次。妊娠37周,晨起发现阴道流血,多于月经量,无腹痛。查体:P 80次/分,BP 110/70mmHg,胎方位LOA,头浮,胎心率150次/分,耻骨联合上可闻及血管音。2.为明确诊断应首先进行的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阴道双合诊", "B": "超声检查", "C": "MRI扫描", "D": "催产素激惹试验(OCT)"}, "answer": "超声检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,40岁。性欲降低及勃起功能障碍1年,伴头痛,无视野缺损和视觉障碍,无乳腺增生,无药物服用史。查体:睾丸质软。实验室检查:血清泌乳素水平700μg/L(正常<15μg/L)。头颅MRI发现蝶鞍部有一2.5cm×2.0cm×1.5cm大小的肿物,位于视神经交叉下方5cm,并延伸进入双侧海绵窦。此时该患者处理的最佳措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "开颅手术切除肿瘤", "B": "口服溴隐亭", "C": "经蝶窦手术切除肿瘤", "D": "定期复查垂体MRI"}, "answer": "口服溴隐亭", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,30岁,主诉乏力3个月,伴左上腹饱胀感。查体:浅表淋巴结未及,肝未及,脾肋下5cm。血红蛋白90g/L,白细胞170×109/L,血小板300×109/L,原粒细胞1%,晚幼粒细胞4%,杆状粒细胞34%,分叶粒细胞10%,嗜碱粒细胞2%,NAP(-)。1.如需明确诊断,应先做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝脾B超", "B": "骨髓检查和活检", "C": "血沉", "D": "蛋白电泳"}, "answer": "骨髓检查和活检", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "营养性缺铁性贫血的确诊,除铁的生化检查外,下述哪项亦可以协助确诊?(  )", "options": {"A": "喂养史", "B": "血象特点", "C": "骨髓象特点", "D": "铁剂治疗有效"}, "answer": "铁剂治疗有效", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,68岁。反复咳嗽、咳痰20年,气短10年,喘息加重2天。吸烟30年,每日约1包。查体:神志清楚,呼吸急促,端坐位,口唇发绀。桶状胸,左下肺呼吸音明显减弱,右肺可闻及哮鸣音和湿啰音。WBC 6.3×109/L,N 0.85。为进一步诊治,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血气分析", "B": "痰培养", "C": "心电图", "D": "胸部X线片"}, "answer": "胸部X线片", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男.56岁,2年来间断出现活动时胸闷,休息后可缓解,近4个月无胸闷发作。查体:BP 130/85mmHg,心率72次/min,心脏各瓣膜区未闻及杂音。最有助于明确诊断的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "放射性核素静态心肌显像", "B": "动态心电图", "C": "心电图运动负荷试验", "D": "胸部X线片"}, "answer": "心电图运动负荷试验", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列不属于甲型肝炎(甲肝)特征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲型肝炎病毒(HAV)随患者粪便排出体外,可污染水源、食物、海产品(毛蚶等)、食具等,而引起甲型肝炎的暴发、流行及散发", "B": "HAV主要经粪—口途径传播,亦可通过输血传播", "C": "甲肝的潜伏期为30天左右(15~50天),在血清ALT升高后5~6天,才开始从患者的粪便中排出病毒", "D": "甲肝患者发病2周后,其血清抗—HAV IgG阳转,此时患者基本停止从粪便中排出病毒"}, "answer": "甲肝的潜伏期为30天左右(15~50天),在血清ALT升高后5~6天,才开始从患者的粪便中排出病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.转复前需抗凝治疗的心房颤动是指其发作持续时间超过(  )。", "options": {"A": "24小时", "B": "48小时", "C": "72小时", "D": "2周"}, "answer": "48小时", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,15个月,单纯母乳喂养,不愿进辅食,其母不吃肉类、鱼类食品,近1个月面色渐苍黄,目光呆滞,肝肋下2.5cm,脾未及,伸手时手有震颤,Hb90g/L,RBC2.05×1012/L。2.要想确诊应做什么检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "血胆红素测定", "B": "血清铁蛋白", "C": "骨髓穿刺", "D": "血清叶酸测定"}, "answer": "骨髓穿刺", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "磺胺类药物作用机制是与细菌竞争(  )。", "options": {"A": "二氢叶酸还原酶", "B": "二氢叶酸合成酶", "C": "一碳单位转移酶", "D": "叶酸还原酶"}, "answer": "二氢叶酸合成酶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,30岁,主诉乏力3个月,伴左上腹饱胀感。查体:浅表淋巴结未及,肝未及,脾肋下5cm。血红蛋白90g/L,白细胞170×109/L,血小板300×109/L,原粒细胞1%,晚幼粒细胞4%,杆状粒细胞34%,分叶粒细胞10%,嗜碱粒细胞2%,NAP(-)。3.最常用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "环磷酰胺", "B": "柔红霉素", "C": "阿霉素(多柔比星)", "D": "羟基脲"}, "answer": "羟基脲", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "补体系统在激活后能够(  )。", "options": {"A": "诱导免疫耐受", "B": "抑制变态反应", "C": "结合细胞毒性T细胞", "D": "裂解细菌"}, "answer": "裂解细菌", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,15岁,20分钟前走路不慎跌倒在地。查体:右手无畸形,稍肿胀,无反常活动及骨擦感,右桡骨远端压痛,右腕关节活动障碍。下列哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "可排除骨折", "B": "需X线片以协助诊断", "C": "可用石膏外固定", "D": "不应反复查骨擦感及反常活动"}, "answer": "可排除骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "10岁女孩,2周干咳,1周加重,有时表现为百日咳样咳嗽,痰带血丝,发热不规则。体检:两肺散在于哕音,右背下偶闻中湿啰音,血白细胞计数正常,血沉快,PPD试验(-),X线胸片示右下叶淡薄片状阴影,右肺门纹理重延伸至肺野。2.如果此患儿对红霉素过敏,其治疗应选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯霉素", "B": "磷霉素", "C": "丁胺卡那", "D": "四环素"}, "answer": "四环素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.类白血病反应的实验室检查特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶活性增高", "B": "Ph染色体阳性", "C": "糖原染色阳性", "D": "非特异性酯酶染色阳性,可被NaF抑制"}, "answer": "中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶活性增高", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "菌痢病人,腹泻2天,每日10次,脓血便伴发热。查体:血压82.5/67.5mmHg,脉搏100次/分,皮肤凉、苍白。诊断应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "休克发展期", "B": "休克早期", "C": "未发生休克", "D": "休克晚期"}, "answer": "休克早期", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.促使红细胞分化成熟,并促进血红素和血红蛋白合成的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血红素", "B": "血红蛋白", "C": "球蛋白", "D": "促红细胞生成素(EPO)"}, "answer": "促红细胞生成素(EPO)", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,40岁。左肾盂结石1.5cm,静脉尿路造影显示左肾功能正常,逆行肾盂造影证实左侧肾盂输尿管交界处狭窄。首选治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "开放手术取石+肾盂输尿管成形术", "B": "体外冲击波碎石", "C": "经皮肾镜碎石", "D": "大量饮水"}, "answer": "开放手术取石+肾盂输尿管成形术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "苯丙酮尿症属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "染色体畸变", "B": "常染色体显性遗传", "C": "常染色体隐性遗传", "D": "X连锁隐性遗传"}, "answer": "常染色体隐性遗传", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "腹水患者。1周前呕血、黑便。近日烦躁不安。用很多支火柴点不着香烟。晚间亦不能自由行动。轻度黄疸,两手举起时腕部阵发颤抖。应考虑是以下何种疾病(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑贫血", "B": "氮质血症", "C": "肝性脑病", "D": "震颤性麻痹"}, "answer": "肝性脑病", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.上述哪项是Ia抗原相关位点?(  )", "options": {"A": "H-2K", "B": "H-2L", "C": "H-2I", "D": "H-2S"}, "answer": "H-2I", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心理健康标准不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "身体健康", "B": "情绪乐观稳定", "C": "行为和生活方式健康", "D": "智力正常"}, "answer": "身体健康", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于超抗原的性质,哪一项是正确的(  )。", "options": {"A": "有严格的MHC限制性", "B": "无需APC加工可直接与MHC-Ⅱ分子结合", "C": "与自身免疫无关", "D": "内源性抗原存在于所有哺乳动物体内"}, "answer": "无需APC加工可直接与MHC-Ⅱ分子结合", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "从生理学角度出发,体温是下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "直肠温度", "B": "舌下温度", "C": "腋窝温度", "D": "机体深部平均温度"}, "answer": "机体深部平均温度", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某人的肺通气量为7500ml/min,呼吸频率为20次/分,无效腔气量125ml,每分钟肺血流为5L,则通气/血流比值应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "0.7", "B": "0.9", "C": "1.0", "D": "1.1"}, "answer": "1.0", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,22岁,神志不清2h入院,既往患1型糖尿病5年,长期皮下注射胰岛素,近3d因腹泻而停用。查体:血压70/50mmHg,皮肤中度失水征,呼吸深大,有烂苹果味,心率130/min。5.哪项是最主要的治疗措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "抗感染", "B": "补充碱性药物", "C": "口服降血糖药", "D": "小剂量胰岛素及补液"}, "answer": "小剂量胰岛素及补液", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于牵张反射的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腱反射和肌紧张都属于牵张反射", "B": "牵张反射是维持姿势的基本反射", "C": "牵张反射在抗重力肌表现最为明显", "D": "在脊髓和高位中枢离断后,牵张反射即永远消失"}, "answer": "在脊髓和高位中枢离断后,牵张反射即永远消失", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3岁患儿,曾多次患肺炎,平时无发绀。体检:心前区隆起,心尖搏动弥散,胸骨左缘第2肋间闻及3/6级粗糙的连续性机器样杂音,向颈部传导,有连续性震颤,有水冲脉。2.血流动力学改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺循环血流量增加", "B": "肺循环血流量减少", "C": "右向左分流", "D": "左心室舒张期容量减少"}, "answer": "肺循环血流量增加", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.常引起以痉挛咳嗽为特征的呼吸道传染病(  )。", "options": {"A": "流感嗜血杆菌", "B": "百日咳鲍特菌", "C": "空肠弯曲菌", "D": "幽门螺旋杆菌"}, "answer": "百日咳鲍特菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,21岁,因工作紧张,近一月感觉压力重重,不能胜任工作,觉得自己一无是处,连累了父母,开煤气自杀被急送入院,入院后又趁人不备打破窗玻璃,用碎玻璃自杀,后经抢救脱险,经检查患者有青光眼病史。2.为尽快消除患者的自杀念头,首选治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "暗示治疗", "B": "心理疏导", "C": "电抽搐治疗", "D": "睡眠剥夺治疗"}, "answer": "电抽搐治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "可以经转氨基作用生成草酰乙酸的氨基酸是(  )。", "options": {"A": "谷氨酸", "B": "丙氨酸", "C": "苏氨酸", "D": "天冬氨酸"}, "answer": "天冬氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "单纯性甲状腺肿是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺弥漫性肿大", "B": "甲状腺结节性肿大", "C": "甲状腺功能正常的甲状腺肿大", "D": "慢性甲状腺炎引起的甲状腺肿大"}, "answer": "甲状腺功能正常的甲状腺肿大", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列治疗军团菌感染的首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素G", "B": "氟康唑", "C": "四环素", "D": "红霉素"}, "answer": "红霉素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,60岁,1年前因股骨颈骨折,行三刃钉固定术,髋活动仍有疼痛,X线片示股骨头密度增高,纹理不清,应考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "化脓性关节炎", "B": "股骨头缺血发生坏死", "C": "老年性退行性关节炎", "D": "关节结核"}, "answer": "股骨头缺血发生坏死", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.血中可检出抗内因子抗体的胃炎是(  )。", "options": {"A": "A型胃炎", "B": "B型胃炎", "C": "急性单纯性胃炎", "D": "急性腐蚀性胃炎"}, "answer": "A型胃炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪个选项不是微量元素?(  )", "options": {"A": "铁", "B": "碘", "C": "镁", "D": "铜"}, "answer": "镁", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,35岁。纳差、腹胀2个月。查体:浅表淋巴结未触及,巩膜无黄染,肝肋下未触及,脾肋下8.5cm,质硬。化验血常规:Hb 100g/L,WBC 67.7×109/L,原始细胞0.02,早幼粒细胞0.02,中幼粒细胞0.13,晚幼粒细胞0.18,杆状核粒细胞0.08,分叶粒细胞0.37,E 0.06,B 0.09,L 0.04,M 0.01,PLT 543×109/L。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "巨幼细胞贫血", "B": "骨髓纤维化", "C": "慢性粒细胞白血病", "D": "慢性淋巴细胞白血病"}, "answer": "慢性粒细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "治疗有机磷中毒时,下述哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "出现阿托品化应减量,延长给药间隔时间", "B": "中度以上中毒,阿托品疗效差,可合用胆碱酯酶复活剂", "C": "阿托品与复活剂合用时,减少阿托品的用量", "D": "各种复活剂只选用一种即可"}, "answer": "中度以上中毒,阿托品疗效差,可合用胆碱酯酶复活剂", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "少尿或无尿休克病人禁用(  )。", "options": {"A": "去甲肾上腺素", "B": "间羟胺", "C": "阿托品", "D": "肾上腺素"}, "answer": "去甲肾上腺素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,5岁。高热1天,第2天出疹,全身皮肤弥漫性充血发红,可见密集均匀的红色细小丘疹,面部潮红,唇周苍白,咽扁桃体充血水肿,舌乳头红肿突起。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "风疹", "B": "幼儿急疹", "C": "猩红热", "D": "水痘"}, "answer": "猩红热", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,30岁,初产妇,身高l60cm,妊娠39+1周,规律腹痛2小时,查体:足先露,胎膜未破,胎心138次/分,骨盆测量正常,宫口开大1cm,估计胎儿3950g,恰当的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "观察产程进展", "B": "尽快剖宫产", "C": "人工破膜", "D": "取胸膝卧位"}, "answer": "尽快剖宫产", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "逆转录是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "以RNA为模板合成RNA", "B": "以DNA为模板合成RNA", "C": "以RNA为模板合成蛋白质", "D": "以RNA为模板合成DNA"}, "answer": "以RNA为模板合成DNA", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "甲型肝炎病程中传染性最强的阶段是(  )。", "options": {"A": "潜伏期", "B": "黄疸前期", "C": "恢复期", "D": "慢性期"}, "answer": "黄疸前期", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,50岁,间歇性无痛性血尿2个月,有血块,B超见膀胱内有1.5cm×2.0cm×1.0cm新生物,有蒂。2.目前最常见的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膀胱灌注化疗", "B": "经尿道电切", "C": "开放手术", "D": "放疗"}, "answer": "经尿道电切", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,60岁,因急性心肌梗死收入院。住院第2天心尖部出现2/6~3/6级粗糙的收缩期杂音,间断伴喀喇音,经抗缺血治疗后心脏杂音消失。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏乳头肌功能失调", "B": "心脏游离壁破裂", "C": "心脏二尖瓣穿孔", "D": "心室膨胀瘤"}, "answer": "心脏乳头肌功能失调", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "佝偻病颅骨软化多发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "3~6个月", "B": "6~9个月", "C": "6~12个月", "D": "12个月以上"}, "answer": "3~6个月", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.不负责任心,延误急危患者的抢救和诊治造成严重后果、情节严重的当处以(  )。", "options": {"A": "吊销医师执业证书", "B": "罚款", "C": "承担赔偿责任", "D": "警告或责令暂停执业活动6月~1年"}, "answer": "吊销医师执业证书", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "甲亢术前加服碘剂的主要目的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "减少甲状腺素释放", "B": "抑制术后纤维组织增生", "C": "抑制T4周围组织中转化为T3", "D": "减少甲状腺血液供应,使腺体质地更坚实"}, "answer": "减少甲状腺血液供应,使腺体质地更坚实", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,35岁。停经80天,阴道不规则流血4天,下腹隐痛。呕吐反应剧烈。既往无孕产史。妇科检查:宫底平脐,质软,未触及胎体,未闻及胎心,尿hCG(+)。3.初始治疗8周后血β-hCG降至正常,后又出现升高。1天前测血β-hCG 10000U/L,超声检查:宫腔内未见异常,子宫后壁近右侧角部肌层内可探及不均质回声,内有丰富的低阻力型血流信号。双侧附件区均探及直径约4cm的囊性包块。下一步首选的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "双侧卵巢囊肿剥除术", "B": "子宫+双附件切除术", "C": "子宫病灶局部切除术", "D": "化学治疗"}, "answer": "化学治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心脏骤停发生时常见的心电图表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "窦性停搏", "B": "无脉电活动", "C": "心房颤动", "D": "心室颤动"}, "answer": "心室颤动", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "人体内合成尿素的主要脏器是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心", "B": "肝", "C": "脑", "D": "肌肉"}, "answer": "肝", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.男性,65岁,起病开始表现为近事记忆减退,性格变得主观任性,容易急躁,易激惹。对此缺乏自知力。逐渐又出现多疑,睡眠障碍,再发展出现远事记忆亦变坏,理解力、判断力和计算力等均有所减退,生活大部分需要别人照顾(  )。", "options": {"A": "谵妄状态", "B": "痴呆状态", "C": "阿尔茨海默病性痴呆", "D": "血管性痴呆"}, "answer": "阿尔茨海默病性痴呆", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "普鲁卡因一般不用于(  )。", "options": {"A": "表面麻醉", "B": "浸润麻醉", "C": "传导麻醉", "D": "硬膜外麻醉"}, "answer": "表面麻醉", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.小叶性肺炎病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主支气管", "B": "以细支气管为中心向邻近肺组织发展", "C": "肺泡", "D": "呼吸性细支气管以远的末梢肺组织"}, "answer": "以细支气管为中心向邻近肺组织发展", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1岁男婴,因腹胀、便秘、反应低下,少哭多睡11个月来诊。查:体温36.2℃,四肢稍凉,皮肤粗糙,毛发枯黄稀疏,心率68次/分,心音低钝,眼距宽,唇厚舌大,身高70cm,四肢短粗,不会独坐及爬行,表情呆滞,哭声嘶哑,腹部膨隆,有脐疝。最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "软骨发育不良", "B": "粘多糖病", "C": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症", "D": "染色体病"}, "answer": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于SLE关节病变,哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "呈多关节对称性损害", "B": "关节肿痛", "C": "关节软骨破坏,关节畸形", "D": "大关节很少受累"}, "answer": "关节软骨破坏,关节畸形", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,35岁。发热咳嗽2天后出现肉眼血尿,2天后肉眼血尿消失,但6周后尿沉渣镜检RBC 20~30/HP,以变形红细胞为主,尿蛋白阴性,查体未见异常,血压130/80mmHg,血肌酐正常,ANA、ANCA均阴性,C3正常,父母及哥哥体健。1.最可能的临床诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾小球肾炎", "B": "肾癌", "C": "隐匿性肾小球肾炎", "D": "肾病综合征"}, "answer": "隐匿性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "我国古代最杰出的医德经典是(  )。", "options": {"A": "陈实功的《五戒十要》", "B": "孙思邈的《大医精诚》", "C": "张仲景的《伤寒杂病论》", "D": "肖纲的《劝医论》"}, "answer": "孙思邈的《大医精诚》", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎,最常见的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性胃肠炎", "B": "胆囊结石", "C": "肝脓肿", "D": "胆管结石"}, "answer": "胆管结石", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "寄生虫感染时明显水平升高的Ig是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgG", "B": "IgM", "C": "IgD", "D": "IgE"}, "answer": "IgE", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.下半身青紫见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "室间隔缺损", "B": "动脉导管未闭合并肺动脉高压", "C": "房间隔缺损", "D": "动脉导管未闭"}, "answer": "动脉导管未闭合并肺动脉高压", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,10岁,急性肾炎,血压140/100mmHg,水肿明显、尿量明显减少,呼吸困难不能平卧,心率140次/分,心音低钝,肝肋下2cm,X线胸片示肺纹理增强,该患儿可能出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压脑病", "B": "肾功能衰竭", "C": "循环充血", "D": "支气管炎"}, "answer": "循环充血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不是短效口服避孕药作用机制的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使子宫内膜分泌不良", "B": "抑制子宫内膜增殖变化", "C": "影响精子获能", "D": "改变宫颈黏液性状"}, "answer": "影响精子获能", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于心包摩擦音的说法不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "屏气时仍然存在", "B": "与心脏搏动一致", "C": "常见于感染性心包炎", "D": "吸气末明显"}, "answer": "吸气末明显", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于细菌性阴道病,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "均质、淡薄、白色阴道分泌物", "B": "阴道分泌物呈鱼腥味改变,性交后加重", "C": "线索细胞阳性", "D": "碱性冲洗液阴道冲洗"}, "answer": "碱性冲洗液阴道冲洗", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "最有助于提示室性心动过速的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心率规则", "B": "心室夺获", "C": "P波消失", "D": "ST段下斜型压低"}, "answer": "心室夺获", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.新生儿厌氧菌败血症治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "万古霉素", "B": "甲硝唑", "C": "青霉素", "D": "氨苄西林"}, "answer": "甲硝唑", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,36岁。7月11日入院,持续高热3周,伴腹痛、腹泻。昨晚进食较硬食物,10时许突然出现右下腹疼痛,脉搏细速,肝浊音界消失,X线检查膈下有游离气体,外周血白细胞3.2×109/L,中性粒细胞0.85,嗜酸性粒细胞为0,淋巴细胞0.15。肥达反应:“O”l:640,“H”l:640,外斐反应l:80。考虑诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤寒并发肠穿孔", "B": "胃穿孔", "C": "化脓性胆管炎", "D": "败血症"}, "answer": "伤寒并发肠穿孔", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,26岁,2年来有发作性神志丧失、四肢抽搐,服药不规则。今日凌晨开始又有发作,意识一直不清醒。来院后又有一次四肢抽搐发作。1.此患者的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癫痫持续状态", "B": "癫痫强直-阵挛发作", "C": "单纯部分发作继全面性发作", "D": "癫痫发作后昏睡期"}, "answer": "癫痫持续状态", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者自诉看不见左侧物体,查体双眼左侧视野同向偏盲,对光反射消失,其病损部位在(  )。", "options": {"A": "视交叉", "B": "右侧视束", "C": "左侧视束", "D": "左侧视辐射"}, "answer": "右侧视束", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,50岁。既往乙型肝炎病史20余年,今晨突发呕血,色鲜红,量约为1500mL,急至医院就诊。查体:BP 80/50mmHg,P 106次/分,面色苍白,四肢末梢凉,脾肋缘下5cm,触及移动性浊音(+),腹壁可见静脉曲张。至医院后患者又呕血一次,量约300mL。1.患者出血原因最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "食管胃底静脉曲张破裂", "B": "脾亢进", "C": "胃溃疡出血", "D": "肝内胆道出血"}, "answer": "食管胃底静脉曲张破裂", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "25岁初产妇,妊娠足月。规律宫缩18小时,已破膜。宫缩弱,宫口开大5cm,S-1,胎心168次/min。宫缩时觉肛门坠胀。本例正确的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "嘱产妇朝向胎背的对侧方向侧卧", "B": "继续观察2小时后再决定分娩方式", "C": "立即行剖宫产术", "D": "静脉滴注缩宫素"}, "answer": "立即行剖宫产术", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.基本生命中枢位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓", "B": "延髓", "C": "中脑", "D": "下丘脑"}, "answer": "延髓", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女婴,5个月。咳嗽伴发热三天,喘憋1天。无明显咳痰,体温波动在38~39℃,喘憋进行性加重。查体:T 38.5℃,P 150次/分,R 60次/分,精神、反应可,双肺哮鸣音,双下肺可闻及细湿啰音,腹软,无明显压痛,肝肋下2cm。3.入院后患儿出现惊厥、双眼凝视、对光反射迟钝。正确的药物治疗不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛花苷丙", "B": "甘露醇", "C": "地塞米松", "D": "地西泮"}, "answer": "毛花苷丙", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,48岁。进大量肉食后上腹痛伴呕吐6小时,腹痛为持续性,阵发性加重,向左腰背部放射,呕吐物为胃内容物。对明确诊断最有意义的实验室检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿淀粉酶", "B": "血胆红素", "C": "血淀粉酶", "D": "尿常规"}, "answer": "血淀粉酶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.桡神经损伤常有的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "拇指、示指、中指皮肤麻木及屈曲,对掌功能障碍", "B": "伸腕伸指障碍", "C": "前臂旋转活动受限", "D": "Froment征阳性"}, "answer": "伸腕伸指障碍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗强迫症时,氯米帕明的每日治疗量一般是(  )。", "options": {"A": "100~200毫克", "B": "150~250毫克", "C": "200~400毫克", "D": "150~300毫克"}, "answer": "150~300毫克", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "足月新生儿在生后4个月内很少患营养性缺铁性贫血,其原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生长发育速度相对较慢", "B": "铁的排泻量较少", "C": "红细胞破坏较少", "D": "从母体获得足够的储存铁"}, "answer": "从母体获得足够的储存铁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "应用直接免疫荧光技术鉴别特异性传染源时,荧光素是被结合到(  )。", "options": {"A": "微生物", "B": "针对微生物的特异性抗体", "C": "针对特异性抗体的抗体", "D": "针对微生物的非特异性抗体"}, "answer": "针对微生物的特异性抗体", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "协调性子宫收缩乏力行人工破膜适用的临床情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "臀先露,宫口开大2cm", "B": "足先露,宫口开大4cm", "C": "枕先露,S=0,宫口开大4cm", "D": "肩先露,宫口开大3cm"}, "answer": "枕先露,S=0,宫口开大4cm", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.在甲型肝炎患者恢复后期或预防接种后,出现的血清学标志物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清抗-HAV IgG", "B": "血清抗-HAV IgM", "C": "甲型肝炎灭活疫苗", "D": "甲型肝炎减毒活疫苗"}, "answer": "血清抗-HAV IgG", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "错觉的定义是(  )。", "options": {"A": "感觉的综合性错误", "B": "对客观事物歪曲的知觉", "C": "对客观事物个别属性的歪曲", "D": "以上四种都不对"}, "answer": "对客观事物歪曲的知觉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,32岁。发热伴乏力、胸痛、气促1周。查体:体温38℃,右下肺叩诊实音,抽液常规示:淋巴细胞0.82,总蛋白35g/L,LDH300U/L。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺结核", "B": "结核性胸膜炎", "C": "肺炎", "D": "肺血栓栓塞症"}, "answer": "结核性胸膜炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "原发性高血压病人,下列哪项是细动脉硬化的病理改变?(  )", "options": {"A": "动脉壁纤维化", "B": "动脉壁水肿", "C": "动脉壁纤维素样坏死", "D": "动脉壁脂质沉着"}, "answer": "动脉壁脂质沉着", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "细菌的生长繁殖方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有丝分裂", "B": "二分裂", "C": "孢子生殖", "D": "复制"}, "answer": "二分裂", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "烧伤现场急救时,下列做法不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "迅速脱离热源,用凉水浸泡或冲淋局部", "B": "酌情使用安定、度冷丁等药镇静止痛", "C": "呼吸道灼伤者,应在严重呼吸困难时方行切开气管、吸氧", "D": "有严重复合伤时,应先施行相应的急救处理"}, "answer": "呼吸道灼伤者,应在严重呼吸困难时方行切开气管、吸氧", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "桡骨小头半脱位常见发生年龄及常用处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "5~10岁小儿,手法复位,三角巾悬吊", "B": "10岁儿童,切开复位内固定", "C": "5岁下列幼儿,手法复位,三角巾悬吊", "D": "成年人,切开复位内固定"}, "answer": "5岁下列幼儿,手法复位,三角巾悬吊", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "12个月婴儿头围应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "34cm", "B": "46cm", "C": "48cm", "D": "54cm"}, "answer": "46cm", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "检查肌张力时,患者必须是(  )。", "options": {"A": "意识清醒", "B": "无肌肉萎缩", "C": "无肌束震颤", "D": "肌肉放松"}, "answer": "肌肉放松", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肝硬化大量腹水不会出现的腹部体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部膨隆", "B": "振水音阳性", "C": "移动性浊音阳性", "D": "蛙状腹"}, "answer": "振水音阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,56岁。右下肢静脉迂曲扩张20年,伴下肢酸胀,水肿,活动或抬高患肢减轻,近2年有足靴区皮肤发红,时有瘙痒,逐渐加重,查体:右下肢大腿内侧、小腿后可见迂曲扩张的静脉团,足靴区色素沉着,皮肤变厚。4.该患者可能发生的最严重并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右小腿溃疡", "B": "右下肢坏死", "C": "溃疡破裂出血", "D": "右踝关节强直"}, "answer": "右小腿溃疡", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,18岁。两天来高烧、恶心。查体:皮肤巩膜黄染,肝区叩击痛。GPT1000U,TTT17U,胆红素7mg/dl。肝脏活检:肝细胞疏松水肿、气球样变、点状坏死和嗜酸性小体形成。应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性普通型肝炎", "B": "急性重型肝炎", "C": "亚急性重型肝炎", "D": "慢性活动性肝炎"}, "answer": "急性普通型肝炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "克林霉素(  )。", "options": {"A": "主要用于金葡菌引起的骨及关节感染", "B": "为支原体肺炎首选药物", "C": "具有抗DNA病毒的作用", "D": "有强大的抗念珠菌作用"}, "answer": "主要用于金葡菌引起的骨及关节感染", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.对急性肾小球肾炎诊断有意义的尿常规检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上皮细胞管型", "B": "颗粒管型", "C": "红细胞管型", "D": "脂肪管型"}, "answer": "红细胞管型", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "阵发性室上性心动过速不伴有心力衰竭者首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服苯妥英钠", "B": "静注维拉帕米", "C": "静滴利多卡因", "D": "口服美西律"}, "answer": "静注维拉帕米", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.苯丙酮尿症是属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "Guthrie细菌生长抑制试验", "B": "尿三氯化铁试验", "C": "尿蝶呤分析", "D": "常染色体隐性遗传"}, "answer": "常染色体隐性遗传", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "股骨颈外展型骨折是指Pauwel角(  )。", "options": {"A": "小于10°", "B": "小于20°", "C": "小于25°", "D": "小于30°"}, "answer": "小于30°", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.急非淋M3(  )。", "options": {"A": "左旋门冬酰胺酶", "B": "苯丁酸氮芥", "C": "维甲酸", "D": "碳酸锂"}, "answer": "维甲酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项属于医者的义务?(  )", "options": {"A": "保持和恢复健康的义务", "B": "遵守医院规章制度的义务", "C": "保守医密和履行知情同意原则的义务", "D": "支持医学科学研究的义务"}, "answer": "保守医密和履行知情同意原则的义务", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,28岁,已婚,因消瘦、乏力、多食、心悸3个月就诊。近2年应用口服避孕药。2.最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺吸碘率测定", "B": "FT3、FT4、sTSH测定", "C": "TT3、TT4、TSH测定", "D": "TGAb,TPOAb测定"}, "answer": "FT3、FT4、sTSH测定", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "使胰蛋白酶原活化的物质主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "盐酸", "B": "HCO3-", "C": "糜蛋白酶自身", "D": "肠致活酶"}, "answer": "肠致活酶", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.盐类含量低的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "母乳", "B": "牛奶", "C": "羊奶", "D": "酸牛奶"}, "answer": "母乳", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有机磷酸酯类中毒症状中,M样症状不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "流涎流泪", "B": "瞳孔缩小", "C": "小便失禁", "D": "肌肉震颤"}, "answer": "肌肉震颤", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肩部外伤致锁骨骨折患者,检查时发现,肩外展,伸肘、屈肘功能及腕、手的功能完全丧失,并有感觉障碍,此患者应选择哪种治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "早期手术切开复位,内固定,同时探查臂丛神经", "B": "手法复位,横8字绷带固定", "C": "手法复位.夹板固定", "D": "牵引复位"}, "answer": "早期手术切开复位,内固定,同时探查臂丛神经", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "术后早期下床活动的好处,不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "减少下肢静脉血栓形成", "B": "减少伤口感染", "C": "有利于肠道功能恢复,减少腹胀发生", "D": "有利于膀胱功能恢复,减少尿潴留发生"}, "answer": "减少伤口感染", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男婴,8个月。腹泻3天,大便10余次/日,蛋花汤样伴少量黏液,呕吐,4~5次/日。嗜睡,口干,尿量少。体检:精神萎靡,皮肤干燥、弹性较差,眼窝及前囟明显凹陷,哭时泪少。血钠132mmol/L,血钾4mmol/L。1.其诊断为婴儿腹泻合并(  )。", "options": {"A": "重度等渗脱水", "B": "中度等渗脱水", "C": "中度高渗脱水", "D": "重度高渗脱水"}, "answer": "中度等渗脱水", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "第一胎新生儿,胎膜早破29小时,生后第二天开始发绀、拒奶,体温不升,黄疸,白细胞15×109/L,血小板70×109/L,血型O,胆红素205μmol/L。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿溶血病", "B": "肺炎", "C": "低血糖", "D": "败血症"}, "answer": "败血症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不符合由胃泌素瘤引起的消化性溃疡的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多发生在球后十二指肠降部和横段或空肠近端", "B": "常规胃手术后不易复发", "C": "基础胃酸分泌过度", "D": "常伴腹泻"}, "answer": "常规胃手术后不易复发", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "盲肠癌病人最少见的合并症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大肠梗阻", "B": "右下腹包块", "C": "急性阑尾炎", "D": "原因不明的低热和消瘦"}, "answer": "大肠梗阻", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "非淋菌性尿道炎的主要病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阴道毛滴虫", "B": "白色念珠菌", "C": "沙服衣原体和解脲支原体", "D": "腺病毒"}, "answer": "沙服衣原体和解脲支原体", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医生甲因犯罪被判处有期徒刑2年,1997年9月20日被捕,1999年9月20日释放,医生甲不予执业医师注册的期限是(  )。", "options": {"A": "被捕之日起3年内", "B": "释放之日起1年内", "C": "释放之日起2年内", "D": "释放之日起3年内"}, "answer": "释放之日起2年内", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "治疗先天性甲状腺功能减低症用甲状腺片治疗开始剂量(mg/d),下述哪一项是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "5~10", "B": "1~5", "C": "15~20", "D": "20~25"}, "answer": "5~10", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者在患病后变得以自我为中心、兴趣狭窄、依赖性增强,并过分关注自己的机体功能。这种心理反应属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "猜疑加重", "B": "行为退化", "C": "感情淡漠", "D": "焦虑增强"}, "answer": "行为退化", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "诊断颅底骨折最确切的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头面部受暴力史", "B": "眼睑青紫", "C": "鼻出血", "D": "脑脊液鼻漏"}, "answer": "脑脊液鼻漏", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对明确直肠癌是否存在肝转移最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结肠镜", "B": "结肠X线钡剂造影", "C": "腹部B超", "D": "盆腹部增强CT"}, "answer": "腹部B超", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于一期愈合的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "需大量肉芽组织填平伤口", "B": "创面不洁易感染,炎症反应明显", "C": "见于手术即时缝合的切口", "D": "愈合时间长,形成较大瘢痕"}, "answer": "见于手术即时缝合的切口", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "最容易引起骨折不连接的移位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "成角移位", "B": "分离移位", "C": "旋转移位", "D": "嵌插移位"}, "answer": "分离移位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.含有内含子和外显子的RNA是(  )。", "options": {"A": "mRNA", "B": "rRNA", "C": "tRNA", "D": "hnRNA"}, "answer": "hnRNA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "病人男性,21岁,车祸头部外伤,昏迷30min后清醒,查体神志清楚,右颞头皮血肿,神经系统检查无阳性发现。入院观察,5h后又转入昏迷,伴右侧瞳孔逐渐散,左侧肢体瘫痪。临床诊断首先考虑是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑挫伤", "B": "脑内血肿", "C": "急性硬脑膜下积液", "D": "急性硬脑膜下血肿"}, "answer": "急性硬脑膜下血肿", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "白喉棒状杆菌的形态特点不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "革兰染色阳性", "B": "排列呈V、L文字形", "C": "特殊染色后可见鞭毛", "D": "排列呈歪斜的栅栏状"}, "answer": "特殊染色后可见鞭毛", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,1岁。体重9kg,因发热、腹泻2天入院。精神委靡,皮肤弹性差,眼窝明显凹陷,四肢冰凉,尿极少。2.扩容后补充累积损失量的输液速度,一般为每小时每千克体重(  )。", "options": {"A": "5~7ml", "B": "8~10ml", "C": "1l~13ml", "D": "14~16ml"}, "answer": "8~10ml", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "用来测量细菌大小的单位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "cm", "B": "mm", "C": "μm", "D": "nm"}, "answer": "μm", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "减张缝合拆线应是术后(  )。", "options": {"A": "10天", "B": "14天", "C": "20天", "D": "30天"}, "answer": "14天", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "诊断转移瘤的主要理论依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "恶性瘤细胞侵入小静脉", "B": "血中发现肿瘤细胞", "C": "瘤细胞栓塞远隔器官", "D": "在远隔部位形成与原发瘤相同的肿瘤"}, "answer": "在远隔部位形成与原发瘤相同的肿瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.细动脉玻璃样变(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝细胞浆的Mallory小体", "B": "肾动脉增厚,均质红染,管腔狭窄", "C": "虎斑心", "D": "间质黏多糖蓄积"}, "answer": "肾动脉增厚,均质红染,管腔狭窄", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "与子宫脱垂发生无关的韧带是(  )。", "options": {"A": "圆韧带", "B": "卵巢固有韧带", "C": "宫骶韧带", "D": "主韧带"}, "answer": "卵巢固有韧带", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,15岁。突起四肢无力2天。查体:四肢肌力2级,肌张力低,腱反射消失,病理征未引出,无明显感觉障碍,双侧腓肠肌握痛。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "重症肌无力", "B": "周期性瘫痪", "C": "吉兰-巴雷综合征", "D": "多发性肌炎"}, "answer": "吉兰-巴雷综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一侧肾癌主要治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾肿瘤切除术", "B": "单纯肾切除", "C": "根治性肾切除术", "D": "肾输尿管全切除"}, "answer": "根治性肾切除术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,46岁。因白带多半年,性交后出血1周就诊。宫颈刮片病理:宫颈鳞癌,浸润深度7mm,肉眼见癌灶最大直径≤4cm。1.患者临床分期属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "ⅠB1期", "B": "ⅠB2期", "C": "ⅡA期", "D": "ⅡB期"}, "answer": "ⅠB1期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1997年冬,某地发生流行性乙型肝炎,在各责任报告人中,某乡医生李某报告了第一例。其他各地的责任报告人相继报出传染病报告卡1.李某发出报告的时间应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "6h内", "B": "18h内", "C": "24h内", "D": "36h内"}, "answer": "24h内", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于抑癌基因的叙述,下述哪项是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "发出抗细胞增殖信号", "B": "不存在于人类正常细胞", "C": "缺失对细胞的增殖、分化无影响", "D": "与癌基因表达无关"}, "answer": "发出抗细胞增殖信号", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "8岁男孩,水肿,尿色红2d入院,查体:颜面眼睑水肿,心肺听诊无异常,尿常规有红细胞(+++),蛋白(+),患儿半个月前患过扁桃体炎。2.若患儿在病程中出现呼吸增快,心率增快,奔马率,双肺布满中、小水泡音,肝大,血压16.0/10.7kPa(120/80mmHg)。应首先考虑发生(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肺炎", "B": "严重循环充血", "C": "高血压脑病", "D": "低钠血症"}, "answer": "严重循环充血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.慢性骨髓炎的表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肿胀疼痛", "B": "功能障碍", "C": "皮肤瘀斑", "D": "死骨形成"}, "answer": "死骨形成", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.肺炎球菌可形成(  )。", "options": {"A": "芽胞", "B": "异染颗粒", "C": "荚膜", "D": "鞭毛"}, "answer": "荚膜", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女婴,10个月,因近半年来经常患上呼吸道感染、肺炎、皮肤感染,经化验确诊为暂时性低丙种球蛋白血症。对此病最合适的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "长期输注胸腺素", "B": "口服左旋咪唑", "C": "定期输注丙种球蛋白", "D": "并发感染时用适当抗生素"}, "answer": "并发感染时用适当抗生素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,8岁,枕部着地,昏迷5分钟后清醒,并自己回到家中,其后出现头痛并呈逐渐加重伴呕吐,1小时后不省人事,急送医院。查体:BP 130/90mmHg,P 65次/分,R 15次/分。浅昏迷,右枕部头皮挫伤,左侧瞳孔4mm,对光反应消失;右侧瞳孔2.5mm,对光反应存在。2.最好的诊断措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头颅超声检查", "B": "脑电图", "C": "头颅MRI", "D": "头颅CT"}, "answer": "头颅CT", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "诱导B细胞产生特异性IgE抗体的细胞因子(  )。", "options": {"A": "IL-2", "B": "IL-3", "C": "IL-4", "D": "IL-5"}, "answer": "IL-4", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,33岁。因急性坏疽性阑尾炎行阑尾切除,术后第10天出现发热,体温39.2℃,腹胀、恶心,肛门有下坠感,里急后重,曾排便4次,为黏液样便。2.诊断明确后,除抗感染和支持疗法外,以下处理措施应首选的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "经直肠穿刺抽液定位后切开引流", "B": "经原麦氏切口进入腹腔引流", "C": "腹腔透热理疗", "D": "温盐水加甲硝唑保留灌肠"}, "answer": "经直肠穿刺抽液定位后切开引流", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,40岁,曾在国外居住多年,3年前回国,近半年持续低热伴乏力,周身淋巴结肿大,口腔黏膜反复感染,大量抗生素治疗效果不佳,近来体重减轻,血常规示白细胞低和贫血。2.要诊断艾滋病还应做哪一项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "抗HIV", "B": "血沉", "C": "抗HEV", "D": "病毒培养"}, "answer": "抗HIV", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "手部关节皮肤切割伤的处理,下列不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "最好在止血带下进行清创", "B": "切除皮缘宁多勿少,以防感染", "C": "伤后超过24h,可行二期处理", "D": "创口争取一期缝合"}, "answer": "切除皮缘宁多勿少,以防感染", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,45岁。脸圆、变红1年,体重增加、月经稀发6个月。查体:BP 160/100mmHg,向心性肥胖,皮肤薄,面部痤疮较多,下颌小胡须,全身毳毛增多。腹部、大腿根部可见宽大紫纹。血钾3.3mmol/L,空腹血糖15.4mmol/L。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性醛固酮增多症", "B": "原发性高血压", "C": "女性男性化", "D": "库欣综合征"}, "answer": "库欣综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不符合神经症共同特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "常有一定的易感素质", "B": "与心理社会因素有关", "C": "一般社会功能相对完好", "D": "可有相应的器质性病变"}, "answer": "可有相应的器质性病变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭最常见的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺纤维化", "B": "支气管扩张", "C": "阻塞性肺炎", "D": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病"}, "answer": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "低渗性脱水危及患儿生命的常见情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低钾血症", "B": "低钙血症", "C": "低血量休克", "D": "代谢性酸中毒"}, "answer": "低血量休克", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "新生儿早期患呼吸道感染的可能原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "先天免疫缺陷", "B": "补体成分缺陷", "C": "皮肤黏膜天然屏障差", "D": "sIgA功能尚未成熟"}, "answer": "sIgA功能尚未成熟", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肠道病毒一般不引起的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿道炎", "B": "手足口病", "C": "疱疹性咽峡炎", "D": "心肌炎"}, "answer": "尿道炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,36岁,发热2周,伴乏力、食欲不振、轻度腹胀。体检:体温39.3℃,心率80次/min,脾左肋下2cm可及,外周血白细胞4.5×109/L,中性粒细胞0.60,淋巴细胞0.40;肥达反应:“O”抗体效价1:160,“H”抗体效价1:160。2.下列关于肥达反应的描述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肥达反应抗体通常在病后l周左右出现", "B": "病程第3~4周阳性率最高", "C": "“O”抗体效价≥1:80,“H”抗体效价≥l:160为阳性", "D": "肥达反应阳性可作为确诊伤寒依据"}, "answer": "肥达反应阳性可作为确诊伤寒依据", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是病毒的增殖方式?(  )", "options": {"A": "复制", "B": "芽生", "C": "裂殖", "D": "分泌"}, "answer": "复制", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "天然免疫耐受性通常是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "机体对改变的自身组织成分不发生反应的免疫应答", "B": "机体对自身组织成分不发生反应的免疫应答", "C": "机体对非己抗原都不发生反应的免疫应答", "D": "机体对肿瘤细胞不发生反应的免疫应答"}, "answer": "机体对自身组织成分不发生反应的免疫应答", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "各型链球菌中致病力最强的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙型溶血性链球菌", "B": "丙型链球菌", "C": "B群链球菌", "D": "D群链球菌"}, "answer": "乙型溶血性链球菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,33岁。2年来反复腹痛、腹泻,初为糊状便。每日排便2~3次,严重时排黏液脓血便伴里急后重。经当地医院抗炎治疗无效。近1个月来腹痛明显,有疼痛——便意——便后缓解的规律。查体:体温39.6℃,腹平软,下腹压痛,肠鸣音亢进。粪检:白细胞0~5个/HP,红细胞2~10个/HP,粪便细菌培养(-),阿米巴(-)。3.溃疡性结肠炎病理改变不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量新生肉芽组织增生", "B": "炎性息肉", "C": "非干酪样肉芽肿", "D": "腺体变形"}, "answer": "非干酪样肉芽肿", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男性,30岁,30min前被刀刺右前胸部,咳血痰,呼吸困难。体检:血压107/78mmHg,脉搏96/min,右前胸有轻度皮下气肿,右锁骨中线4肋间可见3cm长创口,随呼吸有气体进出伤口响声。2.此时应采取的急救措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸氧", "B": "静脉穿刺输液", "C": "摄胸部X线片", "D": "立即闭合胸部创口"}, "answer": "立即闭合胸部创口", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,56岁,无痛性黄疸2个月,呈进行性加重,手术探查时见胆囊肿大,胆总管增粗,直径约1.2cm,胰头部可触及3cm×3cm硬肿块,可推动,正确的手术方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胰头十二指肠切除术", "B": "胰腺空肠吻合术", "C": "胰头部分切除术", "D": "全胰切除术"}, "answer": "胰头十二指肠切除术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有关乳房纤维腺瘤治疗说法正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "手术切除是治疗的唯一有效办法", "B": "可用雌激素补充治疗", "C": "可用雌激素拮抗剂治疗", "D": "可用孕激素补充治疗"}, "answer": "手术切除是治疗的唯一有效办法", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.白喉杆菌感染(  )。", "options": {"A": "浆液性炎", "B": "蜂窝织炎", "C": "纤维素性炎", "D": "肉芽肿性炎"}, "answer": "纤维素性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不适于手术治疗的骨关节结核是(  )。", "options": {"A": "经久不愈的窦道", "B": "有明显死骨,较大脓肿", "C": "全身中毒症状严重,衰弱,重度贫血", "D": "单纯结核将发展成全关节结核者"}, "answer": "全身中毒症状严重,衰弱,重度贫血", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.肾损伤时最重要的常规检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾动脉造影", "B": "B超", "C": "放射性核素扫描", "D": "CT"}, "answer": "B超", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.二尖瓣狭窄(  )。", "options": {"A": "球形心", "B": "梨形心", "C": "绒毛心", "D": "虎斑心"}, "answer": "梨形心", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,50岁。腹痛、发热48小时,血压80/60mmHg,神志清楚,面色苍白,四肢湿冷,全腹肌紧张,肠鸣音消失。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经源性休克", "B": "感染性休克", "C": "低血容量性休克", "D": "心源性休克"}, "answer": "感染性休克", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,3岁,半月来低热,盗汗,食欲不振,消瘦,胸片诊断为肺结核原发综合征,OT试验1:2000(++)。治疗首选的抗结核药物应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "异烟肼+链霉素", "B": "异烟肼+利福平+链霉素", "C": "异烟肼+乙胺丁醇", "D": "异烟肼+利福平"}, "answer": "异烟肼+利福平+链霉素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.单位时间内消除恒定量的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "半衰期", "B": "清除率", "C": "零级动力学消除", "D": "一级动力学消除"}, "answer": "零级动力学消除", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,男,出生时Apgar评分4分,生后2天,嗜睡,肌张力减退,瞳孔缩小,时而出现惊厥,头颅CT扫描可见右叶有低密度影。2.应首选什么药物(  )。", "options": {"A": "水合氯醛灌肠", "B": "甘露醇", "C": "苯巴比妥钠", "D": "利尿剂"}, "answer": "苯巴比妥钠", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.最容易发生1岁内小儿,无热惊厥呈点头样抽搐,多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "低血糖", "B": "低血镁", "C": "婴儿痉挛症", "D": "维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症"}, "answer": "婴儿痉挛症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有一名16岁男孩,2小时前3楼掉下一花盆击伤左顶部,当时有短暂意识障碍,左顶部有1.5cm长头皮不全裂伤,局部头皮肿胀,正侧切位颅片示左顶凹陷骨折,陷入深度0.5cm,头颅CT示左顶凹陷骨折,局部头皮肿胀。2.下列哪项处理是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "清洁不全裂伤头皮", "B": "凹陷骨折不需处理", "C": "观察有无颅内血肿形成", "D": "加压包扎"}, "answer": "加压包扎", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列不属于医师执业活动中履行的义务(  )。", "options": {"A": "遵守法律、法规,遵守技术操作规范", "B": "关心、爱护、尊重患者,保护患者隐私", "C": "关心、保护自身自由和安全", "D": "努力钻研业务,更新知识,提高专业技术水平"}, "answer": "关心、保护自身自由和安全", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于Addison病应用肾上腺皮质激素替代治疗的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应终生使用激素替代治疗", "B": "只有当感染、创伤等应激情况时才应用", "C": "剂量一旦确定,则终生不变", "D": "合并结核时禁用"}, "answer": "应终生使用激素替代治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,38岁。接触性出血1个月余,白带有恶臭。妇科检查:宫颈Ⅱ度糜烂,前唇有5cm×3cm质地脆赘生物,易出血。子宫正常大,三合诊(-)。2.为明确诊断,最可靠的辅助检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "碘试验", "B": "宫颈刮片细胞学检查", "C": "氮激光肿瘤固有荧光诊断法", "D": "宫颈活检"}, "answer": "宫颈活检", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列何谓一种比较持久微弱、具有渲染性的情绪状态?(  )", "options": {"A": "心境", "B": "心情", "C": "热情", "D": "激情"}, "answer": "心境", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.属于惰性淋巴瘤的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "边缘区淋巴瘤", "B": "间变性大细胞淋巴瘤", "C": "Burkitt淋巴瘤", "D": "套细胞淋巴瘤"}, "answer": "边缘区淋巴瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.引起双下肢弛缓性瘫病变部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内囊", "B": "脑干", "C": "胸髓", "D": "腰膨大"}, "answer": "腰膨大", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "法洛四联症患者严重的程度主要取决于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺动脉狭窄的程度", "B": "室间隔缺损的部位", "C": "主动脉骑跨的程度", "D": "右心室肥厚的程度"}, "answer": "肺动脉狭窄的程度", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列关于肺淤血的描述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺泡壁毛细血管扩张", "B": "肺泡腔内有大量的白细胞和纤维蛋白", "C": "肺泡腔内有水肿液", "D": "肺泡腔内有心衰细胞"}, "answer": "肺泡腔内有大量的白细胞和纤维蛋白", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新生儿皮肤粘膜特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤无胎脂覆盖", "B": "角质层较厚", "C": "唾液腺发育不良", "D": "牙龈切缘可见黄白色小点"}, "answer": "牙龈切缘可见黄白色小点", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列检验中对重型肝炎诊断价值最小的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清胆红素明显升高", "B": "血清谷丙转氨酶明显升高", "C": "凝血酶原时间明显延长", "D": "血清胆碱酯酶活性明显降低"}, "answer": "血清谷丙转氨酶明显升高", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不符合血栓结局的描述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "较小血栓可溶解吸收", "B": "较大血栓可由肉芽组织机化", "C": "机化的血栓,可使上下游血流再沟通", "D": "再通的血管可恢复正常血流"}, "answer": "再通的血管可恢复正常血流", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.上述哪项是树突状细胞的表面分子?(  )", "options": {"A": "CD3", "B": "KIR", "C": "MHC-Ⅱ", "D": "IL-2"}, "answer": "MHC-Ⅱ", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "血管内溶血的主要实验室检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "粪胆原排泄增高", "B": "红细胞及血红蛋白下降", "C": "血红蛋白尿及含铁血黄素尿阳性", "D": "骨髓中幼红细胞增生明显"}, "answer": "血红蛋白尿及含铁血黄素尿阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "符合中度烧伤的Ⅱ°烧伤面积的范围是(  )。", "options": {"A": "51%~60%", "B": "11%~30%", "C": "41%~50%", "D": "31%~40%"}, "answer": "11%~30%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "奥美拉唑抑制胃酸分泌的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阻断M受体", "B": "抑制胃壁细胞H+泵的功能", "C": "阻断H2受体", "D": "阻断促胃液素受体"}, "answer": "抑制胃壁细胞H+泵的功能", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗各类神经症最好的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "服用各类抗焦虑药和安眠药", "B": "应用中西医结合的药物治疗", "C": "药物治疗与各种恰当的心理治疗相结合", "D": "较长时期休息治疗"}, "answer": "药物治疗与各种恰当的心理治疗相结合", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.脓肿(  )。", "options": {"A": "局灶性大量中性WBC浸润及组织液化坏死", "B": "疏松结缔组织的弥漫性化脓性炎", "C": "体腔内蓄积大量的脓液", "D": "急性细菌性痢疾的结肠病变"}, "answer": "局灶性大量中性WBC浸润及组织液化坏死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,40岁,糖尿病12年,每日皮下注射混合胰岛素治疗,早餐前30U,晚餐前24U,每日进餐规律,主食量300g。近来空腹血糖12.5mmol/L,餐后血糖7.6~9.0mmol/L。2.考虑最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Somogyi或黎明现象", "B": "存在胰岛素抵抗", "C": "未加口服降糖药物", "D": "餐后血糖控制不住"}, "answer": "Somogyi或黎明现象", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,67岁。发热、咳嗽1个月,胸闷3天。体温最高38℃,咳少量痰,近3天感渐进性胸闷,卧位时更明显。曾抗感染治疗效果欠佳。查体:右下胸略膨隆,语音震颤减弱,叩诊实音,呼吸音消失。该患者首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脓胸", "B": "浸润性肺结核", "C": "肺炎支原体肺炎", "D": "结核性胸膜炎"}, "answer": "结核性胸膜炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,56岁。反酸烧心5年,镜下观察:食管下段多发条形破损相互融合,首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "奥美拉唑", "B": "硫糖铝", "C": "枸橼酸铋钾", "D": "铝碳酸镁"}, "answer": "奥美拉唑", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "治疗顽固性心力衰竭首先进行的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使用非洋地黄类强心药", "B": "联合应用利尿剂", "C": "静脉应用血管扩张剂", "D": "寻找病因"}, "answer": "寻找病因", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "脑震荡的诊断要点,下列哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "意识障碍多在30分钟以上", "B": "有逆行性遗忘", "C": "神经系统查体无阳性体征", "D": "CT检查颅内无异常发现"}, "answer": "意识障碍多在30分钟以上", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肩关节周围炎,一般自愈的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "3个月", "B": "6个月", "C": "1年", "D": "2年"}, "answer": "1年", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,10岁,发热10天,体温38~39℃,刺激性咳嗽明显,胸痛。查体:双肺散在于鸣音;胸片:左肺下野淡薄片状阴影。3.首选的药物治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "头孢菌素", "B": "链霉素", "C": "红霉素", "D": "无环鸟苷"}, "answer": "红霉素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "渗出性结核性腹膜炎的最佳的强化治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "异烟肼、链霉素、对氨基水杨酸、糖皮质激素", "B": "异烟肼、链霉素、对氨基水杨酸加手术腹腔引流", "C": "异烟肼、利福平、吡嗪酰胺、链霉素", "D": "异烟肼、利福平"}, "answer": "异烟肼、利福平、吡嗪酰胺、链霉素", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.上述病原体中,血浆凝固酶(+)的是(  )", "options": {"A": "肺炎克雷伯杆菌", "B": "大肠埃希菌", "C": "肺炎支原体肺炎", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.切断传播途径的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "早期诊断、隔离并彻底治愈病人", "B": "注意营养,锻炼身体", "C": "彻底消毒疾病疫源地", "D": "注射抗毒素或丙种球蛋白"}, "answer": "彻底消毒疾病疫源地", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩,3岁。左侧阴囊包块,平卧后包块消失,质软,无触痛,透光试验阳性。最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "精索鞘膜积液", "B": "交通性鞘膜积液", "C": "睾丸肿瘤", "D": "腹股沟斜疝"}, "answer": "交通性鞘膜积液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "目前预防艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染的主要措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "减毒活疫苗预防接种", "B": "接种DNA疫苗", "C": "接种亚单位疫苗", "D": "加强性卫生知识教育与血源管理、取缔娼妓及杜绝吸毒等切断传播途径的综合性措施"}, "answer": "加强性卫生知识教育与血源管理、取缔娼妓及杜绝吸毒等切断传播途径的综合性措施", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于半抗原,下列哪项正确(  )。", "options": {"A": "有免疫原性,无抗原性", "B": "有抗原性,无免疫原性", "C": "无免疫原性,无抗原性", "D": "有时有抗原性"}, "answer": "有抗原性,无免疫原性", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,50岁,腹泻2年。体检发现肛瘘,结肠镜示回盲部铺路石样改变,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结肠癌", "B": "溃疡性结肠炎", "C": "细菌性痢疾", "D": "克罗恩病"}, "answer": "克罗恩病", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "与狼疮肾损害关系最密切的自身抗体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗dsDNA抗体", "B": "抗RNP抗体", "C": "抗SSB抗体", "D": "抗Sm抗体"}, "answer": "抗dsDNA抗体", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.单纯性肾病综合征与肾炎性肾病的主要区别是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量蛋白尿", "B": "高胆固醇血症", "C": "血尿", "D": "高度的水肿"}, "answer": "血尿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "贫血性梗死主要发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "心,肝,肾", "B": "心,肾,脾", "C": "大脑,肺,肾", "D": "小肠,肝,心"}, "answer": "心,肾,脾", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "与单纯扩散相比,易化扩散的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "顺浓度差转运", "B": "需要膜蛋白质的帮助", "C": "是脂溶性物质跨膜转运的主要方式", "D": "是CO2扩散的主要方式"}, "answer": "需要膜蛋白质的帮助", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "50岁以上髋关节骨关节炎病人有明显疼痛和运动障碍者,应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "截骨术", "B": "人工关节置换术", "C": "关节清理术", "D": "钻孔减压术"}, "answer": "人工关节置换术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对地高辛过量中毒引起的心动过速,采取的措施不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "用呋塞米加速排出", "B": "给苯妥英钠", "C": "给氯化钾", "D": "停药"}, "answer": "用呋塞米加速排出", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女孩10岁,发热2周,苍白,多汗,心悸.双膝关节痛肿,第一心音低钝,ASO增高,ESR增快。1.心电图最可能的改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "窦性心动过缓", "B": "Ⅰ度房室传导阻滞", "C": "交界区性心律", "D": "Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞"}, "answer": "Ⅰ度房室传导阻滞", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗神经性贪食症的药物首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "单胺氧化酶抑制剂", "B": "三环类抗抑郁剂", "C": "抗精神病药", "D": "抗焦虑药"}, "answer": "三环类抗抑郁剂", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是继发性肺结核的主要感染方式?(  )", "options": {"A": "呼吸道感染", "B": "皮肤感染", "C": "内源性再感染", "D": "泌尿道感染"}, "answer": "内源性再感染", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,43岁,患甲亢3年,需行甲状腺部分切除术,正确的术前准备是(  )。", "options": {"A": "术前2周给丙硫氧嘧啶+小剂量碘剂", "B": "术前2周给丙硫氧嘧啶+大剂量碘剂", "C": "术前2周给丙硫氧嘧啶", "D": "术前2周给卡比马唑"}, "answer": "术前2周给丙硫氧嘧啶+大剂量碘剂", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪个因子不属于激素的第二信使?(  )", "options": {"A": "Ca2+", "B": "cGMP", "C": "cAMP", "D": "Mg2+"}, "answer": "Mg2+", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肝硬变时,肝功能不全的表现有(  )。", "options": {"A": "出血倾向", "B": "胃肠道淤血", "C": "脾功能亢进", "D": "腹水"}, "answer": "出血倾向", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是凝血酶的主要作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "促进血小板聚集", "B": "激活因子Ⅻ", "C": "使纤维蛋白原转变为纤维蛋白", "D": "加速凝血酶原复合物的形成"}, "answer": "使纤维蛋白原转变为纤维蛋白", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某地区成年人的首位死因是心脏病,下列各项措施中不属于该地区优先防治策略的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "通过媒体倡导居民增加身体活动", "B": "加强公共场所与工作场所的控烟", "C": "冠脉狭窄血管内治疗", "D": "以高胆固醇血症和家族史为指标"}, "answer": "冠脉狭窄血管内治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,71岁。2型糖尿病史10年。查体:BP 140/95mmHg,心率65次/分。实验室检查:血Cr 160μmol/L,血K+ 4.2mmol/L,尿蛋白(+)。该患者降血压药应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "钙通道阻滞剂", "B": "利尿剂", "C": "血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻滞剂", "D": "α受体阻滞剂"}, "answer": "血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻滞剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下不属于法洛四联症胸部X线特征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺动脉段凹陷", "B": "肺纹理减少", "C": "肺透光度减低", "D": "肺门血管影缩小"}, "answer": "肺透光度减低", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "交感神经兴奋可使(  )。", "options": {"A": "瞳孔缩小", "B": "逼尿肌收缩", "C": "心率加快", "D": "支气管平滑肌收缩"}, "answer": "心率加快", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,40岁。活动后心悸、气短5年,夜间不能平卧2周,既往有反复关节痛病史。查体:两颊呈紫红色,心尖部可闻及舒张期杂音。最有助于确诊的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血常规", "B": "胸部X线片", "C": "超声心动图", "D": "心电图"}, "answer": "超声心动图", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肾孟肾炎的基本病变属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡他性炎", "B": "化脓性炎", "C": "出血性炎", "D": "增生性炎"}, "answer": "化脓性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "细胞水肿发生的机制主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高尔基体受损", "B": "内质网受损", "C": "中心体受损", "D": "线粒体肿大和内质网扩张、断裂"}, "answer": "线粒体肿大和内质网扩张、断裂", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "原发性高血压病人脑出血破裂的血管大多是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大脑基底动脉", "B": "豆纹动脉", "C": "内囊动脉", "D": "大脑前动脉"}, "answer": "豆纹动脉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初次应答最主要的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "fgG大量产生", "B": "IgG和IgM同时产生", "C": "IgM产生得快", "D": "IgG的亲和力强"}, "answer": "IgM产生得快", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,24岁。背重物时突然昏倒2小时入院。查体:P 120次/min,R 30次/min,BP 80/60mmHg,神清,面色苍白,腹胀,全腹轻度压痛及反跳痛,移动性浊音阳性,肠鸣音消失,左下胸有皮肤瘀斑痕迹。1周前因车祸撞击左下胸部,曾卧床休息2天。3.该患者手术探查的顺序是(  )。", "options": {"A": "先探查肝、脾,后探查胃肠道", "B": "先探查盆腔器官,后探查肝、脾", "C": "最先探查肠系膜根部大血管", "D": "先探查肝、脾,后探查盆腔脏器"}, "answer": "先探查肝、脾,后探查胃肠道", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "每分钟肺泡通气量等于(  )。", "options": {"A": "潮气量×呼吸频率", "B": "(潮气量-生理无效腔)×呼吸频率", "C": "功能余气量", "D": "(肺通气量-生理无效腔)×呼吸频率"}, "answer": "(潮气量-生理无效腔)×呼吸频率", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "滴虫性阴道炎白带的典型特征为(  )。", "options": {"A": "均质稀薄灰白色", "B": "白色稠厚呈豆渣样", "C": "稀薄脓性黄色泡沫状", "D": "血性"}, "answer": "稀薄脓性黄色泡沫状", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "40岁男性,头痛,伴恶心、呕吐3个月,近3天来头痛剧烈,呕吐呈喷射性,全身无力,不能站立。查体:患者嗜睡,痛苦病容,眼底见视神经乳头高度水肿,边缘有火焰状出血,体温37℃。2个月前当时脑脊液检查WBC 0.01×109/L。2.如果有癫痫发作史或肢体进行性瘫痪,考虑病因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑水肿", "B": "脑积水", "C": "颅底陷入症", "D": "颅内占位性病变"}, "answer": "颅内占位性病变", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.孕38周出生,体重4002g被称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "足月小样儿", "B": "低出生体重儿", "C": "早产儿", "D": "巨大儿"}, "answer": "巨大儿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,64岁。反复发作上腹部疼痛4年,近2天上腹绞痛,伴发热、寒战,皮肤巩膜黄染。3.若患者出现神志淡漠、嗜睡、血压90/50mmHg,最有效的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "给予有效足量抗生素", "B": "应用肾上腺皮质激素", "C": "紧急手术解除胆道梗阻并减压", "D": "继续观察"}, "answer": "紧急手术解除胆道梗阻并减压", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "18个月男孩,高热稽留7天,伴咳嗽、呼吸困难。查体:精神不振,面色苍白,气促,心音低钝,心率171次/分,心律不齐,右肺背部叩诊发浊,呼吸音减低,可闻及散在湿啰音,肝在肋下1.0cm。心电图显示窦性心动过速,ST段下移1.2mm,T波平坦。该病例诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎合并心肌炎", "B": "腺病毒肺炎合并心肌炎", "C": "呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎合并心肌炎", "D": "革兰阴性杆菌肺炎合并心肌炎"}, "answer": "腺病毒肺炎合并心肌炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男孩,5岁,发热,喷射性呕吐3天,伴剧烈头痛1天,全身性抽搐2次,每次约3分钟缓解,抽搐后嗜睡。查体:神志恍惚,面色灰白,体温38.8℃。末梢血检查:白细胞明显升高,以中性粒细胞为主。3.该患儿病变的部位主要见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "软脑膜", "B": "软脑膜及蛛网膜", "C": "大脑皮质", "D": "脑室膜"}, "answer": "软脑膜及蛛网膜", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.对心脏抑制作用最强的钙拮抗药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "地尔硫卓", "B": "尼莫地平", "C": "硝苯地平", "D": "维拉帕米"}, "answer": "维拉帕米", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,87岁。高血压病史10余年,长期服用钙通道阻滞剂,1个月前因血压控制不满意加用美托洛尔25mg Bid,近1周乏力、倦怠、间断黑矇,查体:BP 110/70mmHg,心率50次/分,心律不齐,各瓣膜区未闻及杂音。心电图示“PR间期逐渐延长直至QRS波群脱落”,最恰当的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "停用美托洛尔", "B": "将美托洛尔更换为地尔硫卓30mg Tid", "C": "将美托洛尔调整为12.5mg Bid", "D": "将美托洛尔调整为25mg Qd"}, "answer": "停用美托洛尔", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "治疗急性粒细胞白血病普遍采用的标准化疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "VP", "B": "DA", "C": "CHOP", "D": "COPP"}, "answer": "DA", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是尿素在肝的合成的部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "胞质和微粒体", "B": "胞质和线粒体", "C": "线粒体和微粒体", "D": "胞质和高尔基复合体"}, "answer": "线粒体和微粒体", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在霍乱的临床表现中哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "寒战、高热、急性起病", "B": "无痛性腹泻", "C": "先泻后吐", "D": "严重者有痛性肌肉痉挛"}, "answer": "寒战、高热、急性起病", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.正常成人腋窝温度的范围是(  )。", "options": {"A": "35~36℃", "B": "36.0~37.4℃", "C": "36.9~37.9℃", "D": "38.5~38.9℃"}, "answer": "36.0~37.4℃", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.可引起亚急性细菌性心内膜炎的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "艰难杆菌", "B": "苍白密螺旋体", "C": "甲型溶血性链球菌", "D": "变异链球菌"}, "answer": "甲型溶血性链球菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,7岁。一日前食多量不清洁生黄瓜后突发高热,并迅速出现精神萎靡,面色灰白,四肢厥冷,脉速。大便呈黏液状血便,镜检有多量脓细胞、红细胞和吞噬细胞。最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高热惊厥", "B": "流行性乙型脑炎", "C": "中毒性菌痢", "D": "肠伤寒"}, "answer": "中毒性菌痢", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "喹诺酮类抗菌药的抑制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌二氢叶酸还原酶", "B": "细菌RNA多聚酶", "C": "细胞依赖于DNA的RNA多聚酶", "D": "细菌DNA螺旋酶"}, "answer": "细菌DNA螺旋酶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪一种有控制类风湿关节炎病情进展的可能?(  )", "options": {"A": "乙酰水杨酸", "B": "布洛芬", "C": "吲哚美辛", "D": "慢作用抗风湿药"}, "answer": "慢作用抗风湿药", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列临床表现中最不支持心绞痛诊断的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "疼痛可在睡眠中发生", "B": "含服硝酸甘油,疼痛在3~5分钟内缓解", "C": "疼痛易被运动或情绪激动诱发", "D": "反复出现的局限性心前区刺痛,每次持续仅2~3秒"}, "answer": "反复出现的局限性心前区刺痛,每次持续仅2~3秒", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,42岁,2个月来,情绪低落,兴趣索然,自觉“高兴不起来”,生不如死,“自己的脑子不灵了”,“像是生了锈的机器”,认为自己成了家庭和社会的累赘,“成了废物”,有胸闷、心悸、心慌的症状,自认为有严重心脏病,不能治愈。主动性言语及活动明显减少,生活被动,愿独处。曾多次自杀未遂,睡眠不好,早醒。2.该病人的思维表现不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "思维云集", "B": "疑病观念", "C": "自杀企图", "D": "思维迟缓"}, "answer": "思维云集", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,42岁。间断发热、腰痛伴尿频2年,每次发作应用抗生素治疗可好转。近半年来夜尿增多。尿常规:尿比重1.015,RBC 0~2/HP,WBC 3~5/HP。静脉肾盂造影见肾盂肾盏狭窄变形,肾小盏扩张。首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾积水", "B": "肾囊肿合并感染", "C": "慢性肾盂肾炎", "D": "肾结核"}, "answer": "慢性肾盂肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.在进化过程中出现最早的Ig是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgG", "B": "IgM", "C": "IgD", "D": "IgE"}, "answer": "IgM", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "引起急性尿潴留的病因中,属于动力性梗阻的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膀胱结石", "B": "膀胱肿瘤", "C": "尿道狭窄", "D": "外伤性脊髓损伤"}, "answer": "外伤性脊髓损伤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,43岁。近2周来发热,乏力,痰中带血,最高体温38℃,经“头孢菌素”抗感染治疗,查体,体温37.8℃,脉搏84次/分,左上肺触觉语颤减弱,呼吸音低,实验室检查血常规,WBC 7.8×109/L,N 0.73,L 0.24。ESR 43mm/h,胸部X线片示左上肺斑片状阴影,其内可见透亮区,该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺癌", "B": "肺结核", "C": "肺脓肿", "D": "支气管扩张"}, "answer": "肺结核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.法洛四联症的特征性杂音(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸骨左缘第3~4肋间闻及3/6~4/6级粗糙的全收缩期杂音", "B": "胸骨左缘第2~3肋问闻及2/6~3/6级喷射性收缩期杂音", "C": "胸骨左缘第2肋间闻及粗糙响亮的连续性机器样杂音", "D": "胸骨左缘第2~4肋间闻及2/6~3/6级喷射性收缩期杂音"}, "answer": "胸骨左缘第2~4肋间闻及2/6~3/6级喷射性收缩期杂音", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于消化道各部分吸收功能的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小肠是吸收的主要部位", "B": "口腔和食管基本无吸收功能", "C": "大肠主要吸收水分和盐类", "D": "大部分营养物质在回肠吸收"}, "answer": "大部分营养物质在回肠吸收", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "cAMP对转录起始的调控是(  )。", "options": {"A": "以cAMP-CAP复合物与操纵基因结合,使该基因开放", "B": "单独与操纵基因结合,封闭其基因表达", "C": "与阻遏蛋白结合,去阻遏作用", "D": "与增强子结合,促进转录"}, "answer": "以cAMP-CAP复合物与操纵基因结合,使该基因开放", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "初步鉴定肠道致病菌与非致病菌常用的试验是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳糖发酵试验", "B": "甘露醇分解试验", "C": "葡萄糖发酵试验", "D": "IMViC试验"}, "answer": "乳糖发酵试验", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "结核性脑膜炎最常见于下列哪种情况?(  )", "options": {"A": "原发性结核感染", "B": "全身粟粒性结核", "C": "脑结核瘤", "D": "有结核接触史"}, "answer": "全身粟粒性结核", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于心包摩擦音的说法不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "与心搏一致", "B": "心前区最响亮", "C": "常见于感染性心包炎", "D": "吸气末明显"}, "answer": "吸气末明显", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "拾物试验阳性见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰椎结核", "B": "髋关节结核", "C": "膝关节结核", "D": "踝关节结核"}, "answer": "腰椎结核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "符合细胞水肿的描述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞浆内出现大小不等的圆形空泡", "B": "细胞膜上的钠泵受损", "C": "原因消除,不能恢复正常", "D": "主要由病毒感染引起"}, "answer": "细胞膜上的钠泵受损", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胸腺依赖性抗原(  )。", "options": {"A": "在胸腺中产生的抗原", "B": "不能刺激机体产生免疫记忆细胞的抗原", "C": "只能引起细胞免疫应答的抗原", "D": "只有在T细胞辅助下,才能激活B细胞产生体液免疫应答的抗原"}, "answer": "只有在T细胞辅助下,才能激活B细胞产生体液免疫应答的抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "日龄7天的新生儿,因拒奶2天,半日来惊厥2次来诊。查体:反应差,全身中度黄染,心肺(-),肝肋下3cm。脐部少许脓性分泌物,前囟饱满,白细胞21×109/L,中性粒细胞80%,淋巴细胞20%,血钙2.25mmol/L,血糖2.7mmol/L。诊断可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿低血糖", "B": "新生儿颅内出血", "C": "新生儿脐炎", "D": "新生儿败血症合并化脓性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "新生儿败血症合并化脓性脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,5岁。患结核性脑膜炎,控制炎症首选的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "链霉素+异烟肼+利福平+吡嗪酰胺", "B": "链霉素+异烟肼", "C": "链霉素+异烟肼+对氨水杨酸钠", "D": "异烟肼+对氨水杨酸钠"}, "answer": "链霉素+异烟肼+利福平+吡嗪酰胺", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,40岁,体检发现HBsAg阳性5年,近1周来劳累后感乏力、食欲不振,来院检查。4.若患者经休息、保肝治疗2个月,TBIL降至正常,但ALT仍波动在120-150U/L,拟加用干扰素抗病毒治疗。其剂量及疗程一般为(  )。", "options": {"A": "100万U/次,6个月", "B": "100万U/次,1年", "C": "300万U/次,1~3个月", "D": "300万~600万/次,6个月~1年"}, "answer": "300万~600万/次,6个月~1年", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "我国传染病防治法规定管理的甲类传染病指(  )。", "options": {"A": "鼠疫、霍乱", "B": "鼠疫、艾滋病", "C": "鼠疫、霍乱、伤寒、副伤寒", "D": "鼠疫、霍乱、艾滋病、伤寒或副伤寒"}, "answer": "鼠疫、霍乱", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "诊断成人脊柱结核最可靠的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血沉快", "B": "有低热、盗汗史", "C": "X线摄片示椎间隙狭窄,相邻椎体边缘模糊", "D": "全身虚弱、贫血"}, "answer": "X线摄片示椎间隙狭窄,相邻椎体边缘模糊", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,70岁,体重50kg,因胃癌进行手术治疗。术中输注全血,当输注至1000mL时,患者突然出现呼吸急促、发绀,颈静脉怒张,咳嗽,双肺部湿性啰音,脉搏130次/分,血压160/90mmHg。患者很可能发生了(  )。", "options": {"A": "输血相关溶血反应", "B": "输血相关循环超负荷", "C": "输血相关细菌污染反应", "D": "输血相关急性肺损伤"}, "answer": "输血相关循环超负荷", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "强心苷引起的房室传导阻滞最好选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "异丙肾上腺素", "B": "肾上腺素", "C": "阿托品", "D": "苯妥英钠"}, "answer": "阿托品", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "房室瓣关闭主要是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "心室收缩", "B": "心房收缩", "C": "室内压高于房内压", "D": "房室瓣舒张"}, "answer": "室内压高于房内压", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "典型麻疹的出疹顺序是(  )。", "options": {"A": "先耳后、颈部,延及额面部,而后躯干、四肢", "B": "先耳后,四肢,后躯干、手掌、足心", "C": "先躯干,后四肢,最后头面部", "D": "先前胸,后背部,延及四肢、手心、足底"}, "answer": "先耳后、颈部,延及额面部,而后躯干、四肢", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.流行性乙型脑炎的传播媒介是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人虱", "B": "恙螨", "C": "蜱", "D": "蚊"}, "answer": "蚊", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "6个月女婴,突然出现极度烦躁不安,呼吸困难加重。查体:心率191次/分,呼吸69次/分,精神不振,唇周明显发绀,面色苍白,心音低钝,双肺叩诊正常,可闻及较密集的细湿啰音,肝肋下3.5cm中度硬。诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管肺炎合并中毒性脑病", "B": "支气管肺炎合并心肌炎", "C": "支气管肺炎合并心力衰竭", "D": "支气管肺炎合并"}, "answer": "支气管肺炎合并心力衰竭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,50岁。右上腹阵发性绞痛伴恶心、呕吐小时来院急诊。体温37℃,右上腹轻压痛,Murphy征(一)。既往检查胆囊内有小结石。对该患者首先考虑胆囊结石合并(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性胆囊炎", "B": "急性胆管炎", "C": "急性胆绞痛", "D": "急性胰腺炎"}, "answer": "急性胆绞痛", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "手术中发现甲状腺病变为单发实质性结节,最好做(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺体大部切除术", "B": "全腺叶切除术", "C": "腺体大部切除加冰冻切片检查", "D": "颈部淋巴结清除术"}, "answer": "腺体大部切除加冰冻切片检查", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,50岁。左胸闷气2月,胸痛20天,夜间重,查体:颜面及颈部、胸壁略肿胀,胸壁静脉曲张,腋下有一拇指大小的淋巴结,无压痛,活动尚好,心率108次/分,律整,左肺呼吸音消失。3.采取哪项措施可缓解的病人的呼吸困难?(  )", "options": {"A": "静脉注射快速利尿剂", "B": "静脉注射激素类药物", "C": "胸腔排液减压", "D": "合理吸氧"}, "answer": "胸腔排液减压", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "嗜铬细胞瘤可产生多种肽类激素,其中引起面部潮红的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "P物质", "B": "鸦片肽", "C": "生长抑素", "D": "血清素"}, "answer": "P物质", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "情感性障碍的鉴别诊断,不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "躯体疾病所致精神障碍", "B": "精神分裂症", "C": "药物所致精神障碍", "D": "精神发育迟滞"}, "answer": "精神发育迟滞", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于蛋白质二级结构的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "涉及肽链中氨基酸残基侧链的原子空间排列", "B": "α-螺旋和β-折叠是其主要结构形式", "C": "折叠是以肽键平面(肽单元)为结构单位", "D": "不具有生物学功能"}, "answer": "涉及肽链中氨基酸残基侧链的原子空间排列", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "白喉、百日咳、破伤风的混合疫苗需(  )。", "options": {"A": "生后3个月注射,1次", "B": "每天1次,注射3次", "C": "每月1次,注射3次", "D": "每年1次,注射3次"}, "answer": "每月1次,注射3次", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "35岁,C2P0,妊娠35周。1年前因妊娠5个月死胎而做引产术。产前检查:血压130/80mmHg,宫高36cm,胎心率140次/min,空腹血糖7mmol/L,尿糖(+)。1.对此孕妇,不必要的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B型超声检查", "B": "OGTT", "C": "腹部X线拍片检查胎儿有无畸形", "D": "尿常规"}, "answer": "腹部X线拍片检查胎儿有无畸形", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,32岁。突发上腹剧痛2小时,蔓延至右下腹及全腹。既往有“胃痛”病史十余年,未诊治。查体:板块腹,压痛、反跳痛(+),肝浊音界消失。1.初步诊断应首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "绞窄性肠梗阻", "B": "胃十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔", "C": "急性出血坏死", "D": "急性胆囊炎合并穿孔"}, "answer": "胃十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于丙型肝炎下述哪一项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "黄疸型患者仅占25%", "B": "急性丙型肝炎症状较轻", "C": "易转为慢性肝炎", "D": "肝细胞癌和丙肝病毒感染无关"}, "answer": "肝细胞癌和丙肝病毒感染无关", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者右膝外侧下方刀砍伤,可见骨质,伤后右足不能背伸,原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "坐骨神经损伤", "B": "胫后肌损伤", "C": "胫后神经损伤", "D": "腓总神经损伤"}, "answer": "腓总神经损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "疑为苯丙酮尿症的儿童初筛应先做(  )。", "options": {"A": "Guthrie细菌生长抑制试验", "B": "尿三氯化铁试验", "C": "尿甲苯胺蓝试验", "D": "苯丙氨酸耐量试验"}, "answer": "尿三氯化铁试验", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "成人心脏正常二尖瓣瓣口面积是(  )。", "options": {"A": "0.5~1.0cm2", "B": "2.0~3.0cm2", "C": "4.0~6.0cm2", "D": "6.5~7.5cm2"}, "answer": "4.0~6.0cm2", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,12岁,鼻出血,躯干及四肢瘀点、瘀斑,发病前2周有感冒史,脾不肿大,血小板20×109/L,出血时间12分,凝血时间正常,束臂试验阳性,PT正常,骨髓象增生,巨核细胞增多,幼稚型巨核细胞40%,产血小板型巨核细胞缺少,该患者诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性白血病", "B": "急性ITP", "C": "过敏性紫癜", "D": "慢性ITP"}, "answer": "急性ITP", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.主动脉瓣关闭不全(  )。", "options": {"A": "心包摩擦音", "B": "心脏杂音突然改变", "C": "心前区舒张期杂音", "D": "主动脉瓣区舒张期杂音"}, "answer": "主动脉瓣区舒张期杂音", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在脂肪动员中,脂肪分解的限速酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甘油二酯脂肪酶", "B": "甘油三酯脂肪酶", "C": "脂蛋白脂肪酶", "D": "甘油激酶"}, "answer": "甘油三酯脂肪酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是能通过产生穿孔素杀伤靶细胞的细胞?(  )", "options": {"A": "Mφ", "B": "NK", "C": "TIL", "D": "LAK"}, "answer": "NK", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以下关于心理应激的说法错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应激源是心理社会因素", "B": "肯定对工作产生不良影响", "C": "可产生心理反应", "D": "可产生生理反应"}, "answer": "肯定对工作产生不良影响", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "上消化道出血的特征性表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "贫血", "B": "发热", "C": "呕血与黑粪", "D": "失血性周围循环衰竭"}, "answer": "呕血与黑粪", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,17岁,学生,近半年来失眠,成绩下降,注意力不集中,怀疑同学在背后议论她,常与同学发生口角,因此不愿上学,将家中门窗关严,认为邻居都知道了她的“丑事”,连报纸、电视上都播放与她有关的事情,不愿出门,体检、神经系统检查阴性,该病情考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑郁性神经症", "B": "人格障碍", "C": "精神分裂症", "D": "心因性反应"}, "answer": "精神分裂症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "初期佝偻病的主要表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "运动系统改变", "B": "语言发育落后", "C": "非特异性神经精神症状", "D": "反复感染"}, "answer": "非特异性神经精神症状", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "帕金森患者出现震颤麻痹是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "前庭小脑神经元病变所致", "B": "纹状体神经元病变所致", "C": "多巴胺神经递质系统功能受损", "D": "乙酰胆碱递质系统功能受损"}, "answer": "多巴胺神经递质系统功能受损", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "家兔,2.5kg,静脉注射1:10000去甲肾上腺素0.3mL后立即引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉血压↑,脉压↓", "B": "动脉血压↑,脉压↑", "C": "心率↑,血压↑", "D": "心脏前负荷明显↑"}, "answer": "动脉血压↑,脉压↑", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.听神经损害,婴儿慎用(  )。", "options": {"A": "异烟肼", "B": "利福平", "C": "乙胺丁醇", "D": "链霉素"}, "answer": "链霉素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,20岁。持续喘息发作24小时来急诊,既往哮喘病史12年。查体:端坐呼吸,大汗淋漓,发绀,双肺布满哮鸣音。动脉血气分析结果示:pH 7.21,PaCO2 70mmHg,PaO2 55mmHg。此时应紧急采取的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "机械通气", "B": "使用广谱抗生素", "C": "静脉点滴糖皮质激素", "D": "静脉注射氨茶碱"}, "answer": "机械通气", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "与神经过程的特性相联系的行为特征称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "人格", "B": "能力", "C": "性格", "D": "气质"}, "answer": "气质", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "以下有关生物-心理-社会医学模式对医德的观点正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是防病治病的外在保障", "B": "是防病治病的内在条件", "C": "不是现代医学的组成部分", "D": "以上都不对"}, "answer": "是防病治病的内在条件", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "坏疽是指坏死组织表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "干酪样改变", "B": "淤血性改变", "C": "腐败菌的感染", "D": "缺血性改变"}, "answer": "腐败菌的感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不符合脂肪变性的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝细胞内出现大小不等的脂滴", "B": "巨噬细胞内出现大小不等的脂滴", "C": "脂肪肉瘤细胞内出现大小不等的脂滴", "D": "近曲小管上皮细胞内出现大小不等的脂滴"}, "answer": "脂肪肉瘤细胞内出现大小不等的脂滴", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是各类结核病的首选药?(  )", "options": {"A": "利福平", "B": "异烟肼", "C": "乙胺丁醇", "D": "吡嗪酰胺"}, "answer": "异烟肼", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗急性肝衰竭时,应限制使用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄糖注射液", "B": "谷氨酸钠", "C": "脂肪乳剂", "D": "乳果糖"}, "answer": "脂肪乳剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "正常情况下不能通过肾小球滤过膜的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氨基酸", "B": "甘露醇", "C": "葡萄糖", "D": "血浆白蛋白"}, "answer": "血浆白蛋白", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,30岁,腰椎结核并在背部形成冷脓肿,冷脓肿破溃,破溃处流脓不断。此病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "空洞", "B": "瘘管", "C": "溃疡", "D": "窦道"}, "answer": "窦道", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2岁女孩,因生长发育落后,智力发育落后来诊。此患儿出生后即有吃奶差,腹胀、便秘,少哭、少动,哭声嘶哑,近2~3个月出现面部、眼睑水肿。至今不会说话、不会走路。体检:体温35.7℃,心率66次/mm,呼吸22次/min,皮肤粗糙,毛发干燥,表情呆滞,声音嘶哑,眼距宽,鼻梁低平,舌伸出口外,面部眼睑水肿,双肺听诊无啰音,心音低钝,腹膨隆,有脐疝,四肢肌张力弱。2.以下哪项检查可以确诊?(  )", "options": {"A": "染色体检查", "B": "血苯丙氨酸浓度", "C": "血清T3、T4、TSH浓度", "D": "骨龄X线片"}, "answer": "血清T3、T4、TSH浓度", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急进性肾炎持续少尿伴高钾血症时的首选治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾移植", "B": "大剂量维生素静脉滴注", "C": "血液透析", "D": "预防感染"}, "answer": "血液透析", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列对麻疹的描述中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹病毒包膜上有H和F刺突,但无N刺突(无神经氨酸酶活性)", "B": "麻疹患者有两次病毒血症,第一次病毒血症时,体表不出现红色斑丘疹", "C": "儿童接种麻疹减毒活疫苗后,可获得牢固的终身免疫,隔6~7年不必再次接种加强免疫", "D": "麻疹自然感染后,患者可获得牢固免疫,持续终生"}, "answer": "儿童接种麻疹减毒活疫苗后,可获得牢固的终身免疫,隔6~7年不必再次接种加强免疫", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于卵巢形态学特征,说法正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卵巢白膜是平滑肌组织", "B": "卵巢表面无腹膜", "C": "皮质内含血管、神经、淋巴管", "D": "髓质内含许多始基卵泡"}, "answer": "卵巢表面无腹膜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,59岁。乏力伴心悸、多汗、手颤、易饿3个月,脾气暴躁。每天大便4~5次,不成形。体重下降6.0kg。查体:甲状腺Ⅱ度肿大、质软,心率110次/分,律齐,心音有力。3.该患者适宜的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服泼尼松", "B": "口服降血糖药", "C": "131I治疗", "D": "抗甲状腺药物"}, "answer": "抗甲状腺药物", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "需要与妊娠晚期合并急性病毒性肝炎鉴别的不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "妊娠剧吐引起的肝损害", "B": "妊娠期高血压引起的肝损害", "C": "药物性肝损害", "D": "妊娠综合征"}, "answer": "妊娠综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列对直接血红素的说法错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "为胆红素葡糖醛酸二酯", "B": "水溶性大", "C": "不能通过肾脏随尿排出", "D": "与重氮试剂反应速度快,呈直接反应"}, "answer": "不能通过肾脏随尿排出", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.DNA变性指(  )。", "options": {"A": "不同的核酸链经变性处理,它们之间形成局部的双链", "B": "双链DNA解链成单链DNA", "C": "单链DNA恢复成双链DNA", "D": "50%双链DNA变性时的温度"}, "answer": "双链DNA解链成单链DNA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "抑制病毒核酸合成的药物不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "金刚烷胺", "B": "阿糖腺苷", "C": "阿糖胞苷", "D": "利巴韦林"}, "answer": "金刚烷胺", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.杀灭物体上病原微生物(  )。", "options": {"A": "消毒", "B": "灭菌", "C": "无菌", "D": "抑菌"}, "answer": "消毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "丝虫病时,产生水肿的主要因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛细血管通透性", "B": "钠与水的潴留", "C": "血浆胶体渗透压降低", "D": "淋巴液回流受阻"}, "answer": "淋巴液回流受阻", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,71岁。间断咳嗽、咳痰20余年,加重伴喘憋1周。近2天出现嗜睡。查体:意识模糊,口唇发绀,球结膜水肿,双肺满布哮鸣音。双下肢水肿。1.该患者出现意识障碍最主要的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心源性休克", "B": "电解质紊乱", "C": "肺性脑病", "D": "感染中毒性脑病"}, "answer": "肺性脑病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,68岁。咳嗽20天,胸闷、气促1周。20天前受凉后干咳,无发热、咯血,自服“板兰根、头孢菌素及咳嗽糖浆”,咳嗽稍有减轻,近1周来出现胸闷、气促,不能平卧,既往体健。查体:T 37.2℃,P 96次/分,R 20次/分,BP 140/80mmHg,右中下肺语音震颤减弱,叩诊呈浊音,呼吸音减弱,心率100次/分,律齐,腹软,肝脾肋下未触及。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸腔积液", "B": "支气管哮喘", "C": "肺炎", "D": "心力衰竭"}, "answer": "胸腔积液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "近代生理学将兴奋性的定义理解为(  )。", "options": {"A": "活组织或细胞对外界刺激发生反应的能力", "B": "细胞对外界刺激发生反应的过程", "C": "细胞受刺激时产生动作电位的能力", "D": "动作电位即兴奋性"}, "answer": "细胞受刺激时产生动作电位的能力", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.可引起尖锐湿疣的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "苍白密螺旋体", "B": "甲型溶血性链球菌", "C": "人类乳头状瘤病毒", "D": "HIV"}, "answer": "人类乳头状瘤病毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.女,65岁,心尖部可闻及3/6级收缩期杂音,最有助于明确诊断的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部X线片", "B": "心肌核磁显影", "C": "冠状动脉CT造影", "D": "超声心动图"}, "answer": "超声心动图", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "从事以下哪种工作的医务人员,须经过省、自治区、直辖市人民政府卫生行政部门的考核,并取得相应的合格证书?(  )", "options": {"A": "婚前医学检查", "B": "施行结扎手术", "C": "遗传病诊断", "D": "从事家庭接生"}, "answer": "遗传病诊断", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.病人对医师的问题只能在表面上产生反应,缺乏进一步的联想,该症状属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "思维被夺取", "B": "思维被洞悉", "C": "思维贫乏", "D": "思维迟缓"}, "answer": "思维贫乏", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性肾炎严重循环充血,不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "心搏出量下降", "B": "静脉压增高", "C": "心脏扩大", "D": "心率增快"}, "answer": "心搏出量下降", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "哪项是高血压性脑出血急性期最威胁病人生命的情况?(  )", "options": {"A": "昏迷后肺感染", "B": "高血糖形成", "C": "脑水肿并发脑疝", "D": "昏迷后水电解质紊乱"}, "answer": "脑水肿并发脑疝", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "SD、SK来自下述哪一种细菌?(  )", "options": {"A": "沙门菌", "B": "肺炎球菌", "C": "A群链球菌", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "A群链球菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,12岁,水肿、少尿、血尿1个月余,病情加重1周,发病前10余日曾患“上呼吸道感染”,近l周尿极少,腹胀、乏力、恶心。查体:全身高度水肿,血压140/110mmHg,双肺有湿啰音。尿常规:红细胞15~20个/HP,蛋白质(++),颗粒管型1或2个/HP。血尿素氮22.8mmol/L,血清蛋白21g/L。胆固醇6.9mmol/L。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯性肾病", "B": "急进性肾炎", "C": "急性肾炎", "D": "慢性肾炎"}, "answer": "急进性肾炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "腹部损伤时做诊断性腹腔穿刺,抽出不凝固血液,最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "空腔脏器破裂", "B": "误穿入腹腔血管", "C": "实质性器官破裂", "D": "后腹膜间隙血肿"}, "answer": "实质性器官破裂", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "我国现阶段采用的围生期规定为(  )。", "options": {"A": "从胚胎形成至产后1周", "B": "从妊娠满24周至产后1周", "C": "从妊娠满28周至产后1周", "D": "从妊娠满28周至产后4周"}, "answer": "从妊娠满28周至产后1周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在下述各项中,不符合有利原则的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医务人员的行动与解除病人的疾苦有关", "B": "医务人员的行动使病人受益而可能给别的病人带来损害", "C": "医务人员的行动使病人受益而会给家庭带来一定的经济负担", "D": "受病人或家庭条件的限制,医务人员选择的诊治手段不是最佳的"}, "answer": "医务人员的行动使病人受益而可能给别的病人带来损害", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "狼疮性肾炎的特征性病理改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内皮细胞增生", "B": "苏木紫小体", "C": "中性粒细胞浸润", "D": "血小板浸润"}, "answer": "苏木紫小体", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "属于不稳定细胞的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经细胞和心肌细胞", "B": "汗腺和皮脂腺的上皮细胞", "C": "延髓和内分泌腺的腺上皮细胞", "D": "表皮细胞、呼吸道及消化道粘膜上皮细胞"}, "answer": "表皮细胞、呼吸道及消化道粘膜上皮细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "替代学习疗法属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "询者中心疗法", "B": "行为疗法", "C": "认知疗法", "D": "生物反馈疗法"}, "answer": "行为疗法", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4岁男孩,妈妈在给穿衣服时牵拉左腕。患儿突然大哭,左肘功能障碍,左手不肯拿取玩物。2.进一步的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "摄取肘部X线正侧位片", "B": "三角巾托起患肢", "C": "手法复位", "D": "手术治疗"}, "answer": "手法复位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "与脊柱结核有关的体格检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抽屉试验", "B": "“4”字试验", "C": "拾物试验", "D": "研磨试验"}, "answer": "拾物试验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,34岁。双侧乳房胀痛5年余。胀痛症状在月经前出现,自己在乳房触及不规则的“包块”,来月经后症状缓解,“包块”变小,另外与情绪和疲劳有一定关系。对这种疾病的描述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多在双侧乳房出现不适症状", "B": "癌变发生率高,视为癌前病变", "C": "常见于25~45岁的女性", "D": "一般认为与内分泌紊乱有关"}, "answer": "癌变发生率高,视为癌前病变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,56岁。突发呕吐1小时。呕吐量约500ml,鲜红色,可见血块,伴大汗、心慌。查体:T 38.5℃,P 112次/分,R 26次/分,BP 114/80mmHg。巩膜轻度黄染,肝掌(+),胸壁可见蜘蛛痣,心肺未见明显异常,腹胀,肝肋下未触及。脾肋下3cm,移动性浊音(+)。血常规:Hb 95g/L,WBC 3.6×109/L,PLT 46×109/L。半年前上消化道X线钡剂造影示食管虫蚀状改变,可见蚯蚓状及串球状影。1.该患者上述表现中最有诊断意义的临床特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呕吐及黑便", "B": "上消化道X线钡餐造影示食管串珠样表现", "C": "移动性浊音阳性", "D": "肝掌及蜘蛛痣"}, "answer": "上消化道X线钡餐造影示食管串珠样表现", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某建筑工人,从高处坠落,腰背挫伤,双下肢弛缓瘫痪,来院急诊。检查见腰椎不能活动,双侧腹股沟以下感觉、运动及反射消失。X线显示胸12椎体压缩性骨折。入院后2h其双下肢功能逐渐恢复。该患者的脊髓伤可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓震荡", "B": "脊髓出血", "C": "脊髓受压", "D": "马尾损伤"}, "answer": "脊髓震荡", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪一项不是甲状腺激素的生物学作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "提高大多数组织耗氧量", "B": "促进糖原合成、抑制糖原分解", "C": "促进脑的发育、生长", "D": "增加心脏做功"}, "answer": "促进糖原合成、抑制糖原分解", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.缺铁性贫血的神经系统表现(  )。", "options": {"A": "智力及动作发育落后,有倒退现象", "B": "兴奋、多动", "C": "注意力不集中,记忆力减退", "D": "腱反射减弱"}, "answer": "注意力不集中,记忆力减退", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哪个部位的溃疡应特别注意Zollinger-Ellison综合征的可能性?(  )", "options": {"A": "胃窦部", "B": "十二指肠球部", "C": "十二指肠降部", "D": "贲门部"}, "answer": "十二指肠球部", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "缩血管作用最强的为下述哪种物质?(  )", "options": {"A": "肾素", "B": "血管紧张素Ⅱ", "C": "血管紧张素Ⅲ", "D": "内皮素"}, "answer": "内皮素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是多发生于儿童的肾炎?(  )", "options": {"A": "新月体性肾炎", "B": "弥漫性毛细血管内增生性肾炎", "C": "膜性肾炎", "D": "轻微病变性肾炎"}, "answer": "弥漫性毛细血管内增生性肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女婴,足月顺产,生后8天,母乳喂养,食欲减退2天,烦躁、呕吐2天。查体:小儿烦躁,皮肤黄染,呼吸45次/分,心率160 次/分,血压68/47mmHg。血红蛋白120g/L,总胆红素255μmmol/L。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "母婴血型不合溶血病", "B": "败血症", "C": "宫内感染", "D": "母乳性黄疸"}, "answer": "败血症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "属于肿瘤的囊肿是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫颈腺囊肿", "B": "前庭大腺囊肿", "C": "输卵管卵巢囊肿", "D": "卵巢皮样囊肿"}, "answer": "卵巢皮样囊肿", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性40岁,8个月前外伤致肱骨干骨折,行手法复位,夹板外固定治疗。来院检查肱骨干骨折部位有反常活动,X线片示骨折线存在,断端有0.3cm的间隙,断端骨髓腔已封闭硬化,此时应选择哪种治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "继续夹板固定", "B": "手术切除硬化骨,钢板固定,植骨,加牢固的外固定", "C": "改为石膏外固定", "D": "改为牵引固定"}, "answer": "手术切除硬化骨,钢板固定,植骨,加牢固的外固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.早产儿的外观特点之一是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤发亮,水肿毳毛多", "B": "皮肤色红润,皮下脂肪丰满,毳毛少", "C": "呼吸常不规则,甚至呼吸暂停", "D": "足月新生儿生后3~5天出现乳腺肿大"}, "answer": "皮肤发亮,水肿毳毛多", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "引起手术切口血肿最主要的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "术前服用阿司匹林", "B": "高血压控制不满意", "C": "术中止血不彻底", "D": "伤口感染继发出血"}, "answer": "术中止血不彻底", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "霍乱最重要的传播途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生活接触", "B": "苍蝇媒介", "C": "水型传播", "D": "带菌动物传播"}, "answer": "水型传播", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.退疹1周后全身大片脱皮(  )。", "options": {"A": "风疹", "B": "幼儿急疹", "C": "猩红热", "D": "肠道病毒感染"}, "answer": "猩红热", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "腹部闭合性损伤合并出血性休克时的处理原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "输血并给止血药", "B": "输血并给抗生素", "C": "积极抗休克,休克纠正后手术探查", "D": "积极抗休克的同时手术探查"}, "answer": "积极抗休克的同时手术探查", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是能杀伤细胞的细胞因子?(  )", "options": {"A": "IL-2", "B": "TNFa", "C": "IL-4", "D": "IL-1"}, "answer": "TNFa", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于竞争性抑制作用的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可与底物竞争结合酶活性中心外的必需基团", "B": "抑制剂与酶的结合是可逆的", "C": "抑制程度取决于抑制剂与酶的相对亲和力", "D": "抑制程度取决于抑制剂与底物浓度的相对比例"}, "answer": "可与底物竞争结合酶活性中心外的必需基团", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "败血症常见的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支原体", "B": "病毒", "C": "细菌", "D": "螺旋体"}, "answer": "细菌", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.患者,男,50岁,生气后眩晕、呕吐、枕部疼痛,测血压180/90mmHg,头颅CT示左小脑半球高密度灶,查体可出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "双眼凝视鼻尖", "B": "三偏综合征", "C": "共济失调", "D": "记忆障碍"}, "answer": "共济失调", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "新生儿出生时平均身长是(  )。", "options": {"A": "75cm", "B": "60cm", "C": "50cm", "D": "45cm"}, "answer": "50cm", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.B超检查胎儿脐带绕颈,电子监护时可能出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "早期减速", "B": "晚期减速", "C": "变异减速", "D": "基线胎心率有变异"}, "answer": "变异减速", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于情绪情感作用的表述不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "积极的情绪情感有助于工作效率的提高", "B": "消极的情绪情感会影响工作效率", "C": "只有在身心放松的状态下才能发挥最佳工作效率", "D": "情绪是心身联系的纽带,临床上许多常见病都与不良情绪有关"}, "answer": "只有在身心放松的状态下才能发挥最佳工作效率", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一个体重50kg的患者需给予总热量1500kcaI的静脉营养支持,下列哪一项配方从理论上是正确的(  )。", "options": {"A": "10%葡萄糖溶液1880ml,20%脂肪乳417ml,10%的复合氨基酸500ml", "B": "50%葡萄糖溶液375ml,10%脂肪乳834ml,10%的复合氨基酸750ml", "C": "50%葡萄糖溶液525ml,20%脂肪乳250ml,10%的复合氨基酸500ml", "D": "10%葡萄糖溶液1380ml,20%脂肪乳417ml,10%的复合氨基酸500ml"}, "answer": "10%葡萄糖溶液1380ml,20%脂肪乳417ml,10%的复合氨基酸500ml", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "风湿热急性期应用青霉素的目的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "控制风湿活动的进展", "B": "纠正急性心力衰竭", "C": "减少瓣膜病的发生", "D": "清除链球菌感染病灶"}, "answer": "清除链球菌感染病灶", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,25岁,皮肤反复出现紫癜,月经增多2年。查:巩膜黄染,Hb 60g/L,WBC 5.6×109/L,PLT 20×109/L。网织红细胞0.20,BT11分,血块退缩不良。Coombs试验(+),B超示脾轻度肿大。骨髓:红系占45%,且巨核细胞增多,以原幼和颗粒巨核细胞为主,产板巨核细胞少见。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脾功能亢进", "B": "特发性血小板减少性紫癜", "C": "Evan综合征", "D": "血栓性血小板减少性紫癜"}, "answer": "Evan综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "变性蛋白质的主要特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溶解性增加", "B": "共价键被破坏", "C": "生物学活性丧失", "D": "不易被蛋白质水解"}, "answer": "生物学活性丧失", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肱骨外上髁炎的治疗措施中,下列哪项不妥?(  )", "options": {"A": "压痛点醋酸强地松龙注射", "B": "加强腕关节背伸抗阻运动练习", "C": "伸肌总腱起点剥离松解术", "D": "伸肌总腱起点神经血管束切除结扎术"}, "answer": "加强腕关节背伸抗阻运动练习", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "7岁男孩,夏季突发高热2小时,惊厥3次,面色发灰,四肢凉,血压低,心肺无异常,脑膜刺激征阴性。1.最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "高热惊厥", "B": "中毒型细菌性痢疾", "C": "脑脓肿", "D": "化脓性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "中毒型细菌性痢疾", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "提示支气管哮喘患者病情危重的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脉压增加", "B": "呼吸性碱中毒", "C": "胸腹矛盾运动", "D": "烦躁不安"}, "answer": "胸腹矛盾运动", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,30岁,自11月30日起出现发热,头痛,并皮肤黏膜出血,3天后出现少尿,此时血常规白细胞35×109/L,尿常规见尿蛋白(+++),此时最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球肾炎", "B": "尿毒症", "C": "白血病", "D": "肾综合征出血热"}, "answer": "肾综合征出血热", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.分泌肠毒素,激活环磷酸腺苷介质系统引起小肠过度分泌,造成剧烈水泻(  )。", "options": {"A": "痢疾杆菌", "B": "伤寒杆菌", "C": "霍乱弧菌", "D": "大肠杆菌"}, "answer": "霍乱弧菌", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "宫颈癌最常见的转移途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直接蔓延", "B": "子宫颈旁淋巴结", "C": "血道", "D": "种植性转移"}, "answer": "直接蔓延", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿时期白细胞总数,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "婴儿期约10×109/L", "B": "3岁时接近成人水平", "C": "1周时平均为20×109/L", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "婴儿期约10×109/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "结核性脑膜炎的早期表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "喷射性呕吐,视神经乳头水肿", "B": "感觉过敏", "C": "性格改变,低热,消瘦,便秘", "D": "手足徐动,前囟膨隆"}, "answer": "性格改变,低热,消瘦,便秘", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "确诊流行性脑脊髓膜炎最可靠的根据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤有瘀点及瘀斑", "B": "脑膜刺激征(+)", "C": "脑脊液符合化脓性脑膜炎改变", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "以上都不是", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "促使胰液中各种酶分泌的重要体液因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "促胰液素", "B": "胆盐", "C": "HCl", "D": "胆囊收缩素"}, "answer": "胆囊收缩素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在我国,钩端螺旋体菌群毒力最强的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "犬群", "B": "黄疸出血群(赖群)", "C": "波库那群", "D": "流感伤寒群"}, "answer": "黄疸出血群(赖群)", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "导致肺水肿最直接的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺动脉压升高", "B": "右心室压升高", "C": "肺静脉压升高", "D": "左心室舒张压升高"}, "answer": "左心室舒张压升高", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "青春期女性出现阴道流血,首先需排除的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "妊娠相关疾病", "B": "阴道炎症", "C": "盆腔炎症", "D": "卵巢内分泌功能变化引起的子宫出血"}, "answer": "卵巢内分泌功能变化引起的子宫出血", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,67岁。直肠癌手术后病理报告:中分化腺癌,5.8cm×4.2cm×3cm大小,侵及阴道后壁,肠系膜淋巴结3/7,查见腹腔转移癌,该患者Duke分期应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "B1期", "B": "C1期", "C": "C2期", "D": "D期"}, "answer": "D期", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "以扩张小动脉为主的扩血管药物应慎用于(  )。", "options": {"A": "重度二尖瓣狭窄", "B": "重度主动脉瓣关闭不全", "C": "室间隔缺损", "D": "扩张型心肌病"}, "answer": "重度二尖瓣狭窄", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在以下情况下,医务人员不应为病人保密的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人的隐私", "B": "病人的个人史", "C": "病人的自杀想法", "D": "病人的家族史"}, "answer": "病人的自杀想法", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性链球菌感染后肾小球肾炎病理类型为(  )。", "options": {"A": "膜性增生性肾炎", "B": "弥漫性毛细血管内增生性肾炎", "C": "新月体性肾炎", "D": "轻微病变性肾炎"}, "answer": "弥漫性毛细血管内增生性肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于呋塞米的药理作用特点,下列哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "抑制髓袢升支粗段对钠离子、氯离子的重吸收", "B": "影响尿的浓缩功能", "C": "使髓袢升支粗段对水的通透性增加", "D": "增加肾髓质的血流量"}, "answer": "使髓袢升支粗段对水的通透性增加", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.病人无根据的认为自己感染了可怕的病毒,大脑已被吞噬,将不久于人世(  )。", "options": {"A": "被害妄想", "B": "关系妄想", "C": "自罪妄想", "D": "疑病妄想"}, "answer": "疑病妄想", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "34岁,初孕妇,妊娠32周。口服葡萄糖耐量试验OGTT 3项阳性,诊断为妊娠合并糖尿病,经控制饮食后尿糖(±)。首选的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "继续控制饮食", "B": "胰岛素治疗", "C": "缩宫素静滴引产", "D": "立即行剖宫产术"}, "answer": "继续控制饮食", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3岁患儿,曾多次患肺炎,平时无发绀。查体:心前区隆起,心尖搏动弥散,胸骨左缘第2肋间闻Ⅲ级粗糙的连续性机器样杂音,向颈部传导,有震颤,有水冲脉。4.右心导管检查结果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右桡动脉血氧含量低", "B": "右心房血氧含量高于下腔静脉", "C": "右心室血氧含量高于右心房", "D": "肺动脉血氧含量高于右心室"}, "answer": "肺动脉血氧含量高于右心室", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪一项是诊断肾病综合征的必需条件?(  )", "options": {"A": "尿蛋白>3.5g/24h", "B": "高血压", "C": "水肿", "D": "血脂升高"}, "answer": "尿蛋白>3.5g/24h", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,49岁,颈肩痛5年余,出现四肢麻木、无力半年,行走时步态不稳。查体见双手尺侧下列皮肤感觉减退,双下肢肌张力增高,肌力Ⅲ~Ⅳ级。X线片见颈椎骨质明显退行性改变。其诊断可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经根型颈椎病", "B": "颈椎增生", "C": "脊髓型颈椎病", "D": "椎管内肿瘤"}, "answer": "脊髓型颈椎病", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "王某,女,75岁。患病后始终不愿就诊,而是在家中烧香拜佛祈求病愈。王某的儿子见母亲病情加重,便请社区医师到家里为其母诊治,但遭到王某拒绝。医师符合伦理的做法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鉴于患者拒绝,社区医师应放弃诊治", "B": "对患者信佛不信医德行为进行批评", "C": "向患者进行耐心解析,规劝其接受相应诊治", "D": "患者行为影响健康,应及时报告派出所处置"}, "answer": "向患者进行耐心解析,规劝其接受相应诊治", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对医学伦理学不伤害原则的准确理解指的是对病人(  )。", "options": {"A": "避免技术伤害", "B": "避免躯体伤害", "C": "避免心理伤害", "D": "避免上述任何伤害"}, "answer": "避免上述任何伤害", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "血浆与组织液中,各种成分浓度的主要区别为(  )。", "options": {"A": "K+", "B": "Na+", "C": "蛋白质", "D": "有机酸"}, "answer": "蛋白质", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,35岁,病人住院期间,亲属告诉他相依为命的老母亲突然意外去世时,病人哈哈大笑。此症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "情感高涨", "B": "情感脆弱", "C": "强制性哭笑", "D": "情感倒错"}, "answer": "情感倒错", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "诊断宫内早孕的最可靠的辅助检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿妊娠试验", "B": "基础体温测定", "C": "B超检查", "D": "阴道脱落细胞学检查"}, "answer": "B超检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.颈膨大横贯性损害(  )。", "options": {"A": "单瘫", "B": "偏瘫", "C": "四肢瘫", "D": "交叉瘫"}, "answer": "四肢瘫", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "腹膜炎的主要标志是(  )。", "options": {"A": "明显的腹胀", "B": "腹部移动性浊音", "C": "剧烈的腹部绞痛", "D": "腹膜刺激征"}, "answer": "腹膜刺激征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,35岁,右膝关节内侧疼痛、肿胀半年,曾在外院摄X线片,见右胫骨上端内侧有一5cm×4cm大小透光区,中间有肥皂泡沫阴影,骨端膨大。近1个月来肿胀明显加重,夜间疼痛难忍,右膝关节活动受限。入院后X线摄片示胫骨上端病变扩大,肥皂泡沫阴影消失,呈云雾状阴影,病变侵入软组织。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨软骨瘤恶变", "B": "骨肉瘤", "C": "骨纤维肉瘤", "D": "骨巨细胞瘤恶变"}, "answer": "骨巨细胞瘤恶变", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在突触传递过程中,触发神经末梢递质释放的关键因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "末梢内囊泡数量增加", "B": "Ca2+进入末梢内", "C": "末梢膜发生超极化", "D": "末梢内线粒体数量增加"}, "answer": "Ca2+进入末梢内", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "DNA是指下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "核糖核酸", "B": "脱氧核糖核酸", "C": "脱氧核糖核苷", "D": "核糖核苷酸"}, "answer": "脱氧核糖核酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "婴儿体重4kg,前囟1.5cm×1.5cm,能微笑,头不能竖立,已形成第一个条件反射,即抱起喂奶时出现吸吮动作。2.第一个条件反射何时出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "1~2个月", "B": "生后2周左右", "C": "生后1周左右", "D": "3~4个月"}, "answer": "生后2周左右", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "“人本主义”的主要代表人物除马斯洛外,还有(  )。", "options": {"A": "弗洛伊德", "B": "巴甫洛夫", "C": "卡特尔", "D": "罗杰斯"}, "answer": "罗杰斯", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,32岁。发热、头痛伴呕吐2天,意识障碍半天,于8月20日来诊。查体:T 39.6℃,P 130次/分,R 23次/分,BP 125/70mmHg,浅昏迷,皮肤未见淤点,颈抵抗(+),Kerning征(+),Babinski征(+)。实验室检查:血WBC 16.0×109/L,N 0.73,L 0.27。3.目前迫切需要采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉点滴抗生素", "B": "物理降温", "C": "快速静脉点滴甘露醇", "D": "快速镇静"}, "answer": "快速静脉点滴甘露醇", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "钩端螺旋体病患者,什么时候在外周血中可找到钩端螺旋体(  )。", "options": {"A": "发病第1周内", "B": "发病第4周内", "C": "发病第3周内", "D": "发病第2周内"}, "answer": "发病第1周内", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一患者需要大声唤醒,醒后可简单回答问题及勉强配合检查,停止刺激后即入睡,这种意识状态是(  )。", "options": {"A": "嗜睡", "B": "昏睡", "C": "昏迷", "D": "谵妄"}, "answer": "昏睡", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,25岁,一周以来鼻及牙龈出血,皮肤瘀斑。化验:血红蛋白55g,白细胞10.0×109/L,血小板16×109/L。骨髓增生活跃,幼稚细胞占80%,胞质有大小不等颗粒及成堆棒状小体,过氧化酶染色强阳性。2.该患者临床容易出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "DIC", "B": "严重感染", "C": "中枢神经系统受侵犯", "D": "牙龈肿胀"}, "answer": "DIC", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于完全抗原,叙述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "只有免疫原性,无免疫反应性", "B": "只有免疫反应性,无免疫原性", "C": "既无免疫原性,又无免疫反应性", "D": "既有免疫原性,又有免疫反应性"}, "answer": "既有免疫原性,又有免疫反应性", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "药物按零级动力学消除是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸收与代谢平衡", "B": "单位时间内消除恒定比例的药物", "C": "单位时间内消除恒定量的药物", "D": "血浆浓度达到稳定水平"}, "answer": "单位时间内消除恒定量的药物", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "同种异基因移植排斥反应主要通过(  )。", "options": {"A": "供者B细胞对同种异型抗原产生免疫应答引起", "B": "供者T、B细胞对同种异型抗原产生免疫应答引起", "C": "受者T细胞对同种异型抗原产生免疫应答引起", "D": "受者NK细胞对同种异型抗原产生免疫应答引起"}, "answer": "受者T细胞对同种异型抗原产生免疫应答引起", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者寒战、高热,伴蓝绿色脓痰,诊断为肺炎,X线显示弥漫支气管炎,可能感染的病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎链球菌", "B": "铜绿假单胞菌", "C": "肺炎克雷伯杆菌", "D": "支原体"}, "answer": "铜绿假单胞菌", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5.HDL的作用(  )。", "options": {"A": "运送内源性TG", "B": "运送外源性TG", "C": "蛋白质含量最高", "D": "与冠状动脉粥样硬化的发生率呈负相关"}, "answer": "蛋白质含量最高", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为医务人员“彼此平等、互相尊重”这一道德原则的根据?(  )", "options": {"A": "医务人员分工不同,但人格平等", "B": "医务人员分工不同,彼此依赖,共同负责", "C": "医务人员分工不同,各有明确职责,工作目标一致", "D": "医务人员分工不同,且各有专长,彼此依赖"}, "answer": "医务人员分工不同,但人格平等", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有关甲状腺解剖的叙述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "正常情况下,作颈部检查时可容易的看到或摸到甲状腺", "B": "甲状腺上、中静脉血液流入颈内静脉,甲状腺下静脉血液则直接流入上腔静脉", "C": "喉返神经行走在气管、食管之间的沟内,多在甲状腺下动脉的分支间穿过", "D": "甲状腺的动、静脉及神经和淋巴走行在外科包膜外,手术时需小心分离"}, "answer": "喉返神经行走在气管、食管之间的沟内,多在甲状腺下动脉的分支间穿过", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,36岁,腹痛伴频繁呕吐2天。体检:血压90/60mmltg(12.0/8.0kPa),脉搏111次/min,呼吸32次/min,呼吸深,似可闻及烂苹果气味。最好应进行的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清钙测定", "B": "血气分析", "C": "血清钠测定", "D": "血CO2CP测定"}, "answer": "血气分析", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初产妇,妊娠38周。骨盆各径线为:对角径13cm,坐骨棘间径9.5cm,坐骨结节间径7cm,耻骨弓角度80°。1.本例的骨盆诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "均小骨盆", "B": "扁平骨盆", "C": "漏斗骨盆", "D": "畸形骨盆"}, "answer": "漏斗骨盆", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,5岁,头痛、发热,神志不清,抽搐不止,皮肤有大片瘀斑。尸检见脾肿大,切面刀刮有脾泥,双侧肾上腺大片出血,脑膜充血,在脑膜的血管周围有少量中性粒细胞浸润。根据上述材料,该患儿可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "流行性乙型脑炎", "B": "化脓性脑膜炎", "C": "结核性脑膜炎", "D": "暴发型流行性脑脊髓膜炎"}, "answer": "暴发型流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "子宫峡部形态学特征,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "属于宫颈的一部分", "B": "峡部下端为解剖学内口", "C": "非孕时子宫峡部长度约为1cm", "D": "妊娠期峡部变软不明显"}, "answer": "非孕时子宫峡部长度约为1cm", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "符合二尖瓣关闭不全的典型表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右心房增大", "B": "S1增强", "C": "心尖部全收缩期吹风样杂音", "D": "右心室增大"}, "answer": "心尖部全收缩期吹风样杂音", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列对闭合性单根肋骨骨折的处理正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不锈钢丝固定", "B": "胸壁加压包扎固定", "C": "气管插管", "D": "开胸探查"}, "answer": "胸壁加压包扎固定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.医疗机构(  )。", "options": {"A": "承担与医疗救治有关的传染病防治工作和责任区域内的传染病预防工作", "B": "在各自的职责范围内辅助传染病防治工作", "C": "领导本行政区域内的传染病防治工作", "D": "主管全国传染病防治及其监督管理工作"}, "answer": "承担与医疗救治有关的传染病防治工作和责任区域内的传染病预防工作", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "病毒条件性突变株产生的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒基因组的点突变", "B": "病毒基因重组", "C": "病毒表型混合", "D": "病毒间互补作用"}, "answer": "病毒基因组的点突变", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对原癌基因的叙述,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "正常细胞无此基因", "B": "病毒感染可使该基因活化表达", "C": "正常细胞均有原癌基因", "D": "基因突变可激活原癌基因表达"}, "answer": "正常细胞无此基因", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,45岁,肢体软弱无力、夜尿多2年余,今晨起双下肢不能活动。查体:血压170/100mmHg,均匀性轻度肥胖,双下肢松弛性瘫痪,血钾2.4mmo1/L,诊断最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "嗜铬细胞瘤", "B": "肾性高血压", "C": "原发性醛固酮增多症", "D": "库欣病"}, "answer": "原发性醛固酮增多症", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "可识别DNA分子中的特异序列,并切割DNA的酶称(  )。", "options": {"A": "限制性核酸内切酶", "B": "非限制性核酸外切酶", "C": "非限制性核酸内切酶", "D": "DNA酶(DNase)"}, "answer": "限制性核酸内切酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于长期慢性病人,宜采取的医患关系模式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动-被动型", "B": "被动-主动型", "C": "共同参与型", "D": "合作-指导型"}, "answer": "共同参与型", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有一名53岁男患者,入院前3小时突然剧烈头痛伴呕吐,CT检查后入院,入院检查意识清,痛苦病容,四肢肌张力肌力改变不明显,项强直(+),头CT脑沟脑池有高密度影像,眼底检查玻璃体膜下片状出血。3.最根本的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "镇静止痛药物", "B": "脱水治疗", "C": "绝对卧床休息", "D": "开颅动脉瘤夹闭术"}, "answer": "开颅动脉瘤夹闭术", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是化脓性脑膜炎合并硬膜下积液,常见的病原菌?(  )", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "B": "B族溶血性链球菌", "C": "流感嗜血杆菌", "D": "铜绿假单胞菌(绿脓杆菌)"}, "answer": "流感嗜血杆菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,68岁。半年来每天排便4~5次,便中带血及黏液。突发腹胀、停止排气排便2天。查体:T 37.2℃,全腹轻微压痛,左侧腹平脐可触及包块,腹部叩诊鼓音,肠鸣音6~7次/分,直肠指诊未触及肿物。实验室检查:Hb 90g/L,WBC 6.7×109/L。X线透视示全腹多个气液平。2.为明确诊断,最合适的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结肠镜", "B": "腹部B超", "C": "全消化道钡剂造影", "D": "胃镜"}, "answer": "结肠镜", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,32岁。支气管哮喘10年,近两天受凉后再发胸闷、咳嗽、喘息,查体少许散在哮鸣音。最有效的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉滴注糖皮质激素", "B": "间断给予特布他林", "C": "静脉滴注沙丁胺醇", "D": "口服色甘酸钠"}, "answer": "间断给予特布他林", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,65岁。慢性咳喘、咳痰近20年,近3年来症状加重,上二楼困难。有高血压病,服药控制较稳定。昨傍晚无明确诱因突感胸闷、气急渐渐加重,不能平卧,彻夜未眠,今晨前来急诊。体检:血压135/90mmHg。端坐呼吸,发绀,气管位置无明显偏移。两肺叩诊过清音,呼吸音普遍降低,伴哮鸣音。心界叩不出,心音遥远。心电图示左心室肥大。1.本病例最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左侧自发性气胸", "B": "急性肺栓塞", "C": "急性左心衰竭", "D": "哮喘急性发作"}, "answer": "左侧自发性气胸", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "颈椎病的基本分型不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "椎动脉型", "B": "神经根型", "C": "颈型", "D": "脊髓型"}, "answer": "颈型", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是诱导CD4+细胞分化成CD4+Th2细胞的最重要的细胞因子?(  )", "options": {"A": "IL-4", "B": "IL-1", "C": "IL-8", "D": "IL-10"}, "answer": "IL-4", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "可能发展为慢性支气管炎急性发作的局部主要致病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "奈瑟球菌", "B": "甲型链球菌", "C": "流感嗜血杆菌", "D": "肺炎链球菌"}, "answer": "流感嗜血杆菌", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在孕妇生产过程中,因何细菌进入子宫造成产褥热?(  )", "options": {"A": "A群溶血性链球菌", "B": "肺炎链球菌", "C": "大肠杆菌", "D": "淋病奈瑟菌"}, "answer": "A群溶血性链球菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿8天,35周,早产,体重2000g,生后第3天出现黄疸,至今仍重,体温37℃,一般好,WBC12×109/L,Hb172g/L,ALT正常,血清总胆红素171μmol/L(10mg/d1),间接胆红素为主。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿败血症", "B": "生理性黄疸", "C": "新生儿肝炎", "D": "先天性胆道闭锁"}, "answer": "生理性黄疸", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "76岁老人,平素健康,跌倒后,致般骨头下型骨折,有移位,选择哪一种治疗最合适(  )。", "options": {"A": "髋“人”字石膏固定", "B": "皮牵引治疗", "C": "骨牵引治疗", "D": "人工股骨头置换术"}, "answer": "人工股骨头置换术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有完整细胞器的微生物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "钩端螺旋体", "B": "放线菌", "C": "肺炎衣原体", "D": "白色念珠菌"}, "answer": "白色念珠菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,3岁,已确诊为单纯性肾病,下述检查除哪一项外均符合该诊断?(  )", "options": {"A": "尿24h定量>0.05~0.1g/kg", "B": "呈选择性蛋白尿", "C": "血浆清蛋白明显下降,α2球蛋白及γ球蛋白明显增高", "D": "血清胆固醇明显增高"}, "answer": "血浆清蛋白明显下降,α2球蛋白及γ球蛋白明显增高", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.上述哪项是C3b灭活促进因子?(  )", "options": {"A": "C3bB", "B": "C3bBb", "C": "βIH", "D": "C5678(9)n"}, "answer": "βIH", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于心理评估下列说法正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "又叫心理测验", "B": "是对个体的心理品质水平作出全面的鉴定", "C": "是一种测量工具,但使用不当也会造成严重后果", "D": "种类繁多应用广泛"}, "answer": "是对个体的心理品质水平作出全面的鉴定", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,34岁,因车祸右小腿受伤,经拍X线片,诊断为右胫骨中下1/3交界处斜形骨折,易发生哪种合并症?(  )", "options": {"A": "神经损伤", "B": "延迟愈合或不愈合", "C": "血管损伤", "D": "骨筋膜室综合征"}, "answer": "延迟愈合或不愈合", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,65岁,主诉左眼失明多次发作,每次持续5分钟。目前持续头痛,语言表达困难,右手及右侧下部面肌力弱。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "累及左侧运动皮层区的局灶性癫痫发作", "B": "左侧颈内动脉闭塞", "C": "慢性硬脑膜下血肿", "D": "偏头痛"}, "answer": "左侧颈内动脉闭塞", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者男性,19岁,车祸致伤,急诊入院。查体:神志朦胧、咯血、口鼻均有泥砂夹血外溢,呼吸困难、烦躁不安,左胸侧严重擦伤、肿胀,心率98次/分,血压120/90mmHg,四肢活动尚可,左大腿中下段中度肿胀,有瘀斑和严重擦伤。此时最紧迫的抢救措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "输血", "B": "清除上呼吸道异物,保持呼吸道通畅", "C": "吸氧", "D": "左下肢夹板固定"}, "answer": "清除上呼吸道异物,保持呼吸道通畅", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿腹泻,重度等渗性脱水,酸中毒,循环障碍明显,按计划完成第一天补液后,第二天腹泻仍然明显,应按下列哪种方案补液?(  )", "options": {"A": "2:1等张含钠液扩容", "B": "2:2:1液补充累计损失量", "C": "10%葡萄糖维持", "D": "继续丢失与生理需要"}, "answer": "继续丢失与生理需要", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肩关节周围炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "发病急,病程约数周", "B": "多见于青少年", "C": "可见典型疼痛弧", "D": "肩关节外展受限"}, "answer": "肩关节外展受限", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,27岁,外地打工,近2个月来整日卧床发呆,不愿工作,诉每日脑子里听到一男一女的激烈辩论,其内容都是与他有关的,感到工友们背后取笑他,给他“穿小鞋”,个别工友企图陷害他。体检及神经系统无异常。1.该病人的精神症状主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "关系被害妄想", "B": "关系妄想", "C": "争论性幻听,被害妄想", "D": "被害妄想,物理影响妄想"}, "answer": "争论性幻听,被害妄想", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "36岁男性,翻车肩部外伤,半小时后来院,查左锁骨中外1/3处明显畸形,局部肿胀明显,瘀血,桡动脉搏动触不到,手部发凉,皮色苍白,血压80/40mmHg。2.该患正确的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "手法复位,横8字绷带固定", "B": "手法复位,石膏固定", "C": "牵引治疗", "D": "立即手术探查受损血管并修复血管,骨折复位内固定,再加适当的外固定"}, "answer": "立即手术探查受损血管并修复血管,骨折复位内固定,再加适当的外固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,48岁,行胃大部切除术,输血150 mL后出现寒战,肌肉注射异丙嗪25mg后继续输血。半小时后,体温39.7℃,血压70/60mmHg,脉搏160次/分,发绀、意识不清、烦躁不安。可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "输血后出血倾向", "B": "溶血反应", "C": "细菌污染反应", "D": "输血感染疟疾"}, "answer": "细菌污染反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "老年人最常见的硬脊膜外肿瘤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊膜瘤", "B": "淋巴瘤", "C": "转移瘤", "D": "胶质瘤"}, "answer": "转移瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者男性,8岁,额部多发性疖肿,未治疗,红肿、扩大,弛张性高热,4天后臀部皮下又发现一肿块,疼痛、压痛明显,且有波动感。5.该患者有脓血症征象,其主要特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "寒战后,高热呈稽留热", "B": "转移性脓肿", "C": "肝、肾功能损害", "D": "休克出现早"}, "answer": "寒战后,高热呈稽留热", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不属于延髓背外侧综合征临床表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "饮水呛咳,吞咽困难", "B": "交叉性感觉障碍", "C": "锥体束征阳性", "D": "同侧肢体共济失调"}, "answer": "锥体束征阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿头围与胸围大致相等的年龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "6个月", "B": "1岁", "C": "1.5岁", "D": "2岁"}, "answer": "1岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪两个物质之间不具有反馈关系?(  )", "options": {"A": "甲状旁腺素与钙离子", "B": "加压素与渗透压", "C": "胰岛素与胰高血糖素", "D": "甲状腺激素与钾离子"}, "answer": "甲状腺激素与钾离子", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,50岁。2年前日常活动后出现胸骨后疼痛,每日2~3次,近2个月发作次数增多,每日5~6次,轻微活动也能诱发,发作时心电图ST段呈一过性水平压低,应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "稳定型心绞痛", "B": "不稳定型心绞痛", "C": "心内膜下心肌梗死", "D": "中间综合征"}, "answer": "不稳定型心绞痛", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,24岁,闭经1个月,乳房胀,TRH兴奋试验无明显变化。其最大可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "早孕", "B": "甲状腺功能亢进", "C": "泌乳素瘤", "D": "结核"}, "answer": "泌乳素瘤", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.P因子对其有稳定作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "C3A", "B": "CA", "C": "C3bBb", "D": "C2a"}, "answer": "C3bBb", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,50岁。入睡困难,多梦易醒1个月,每周至少3次,同时感到精力疲乏,工作效率下降,对睡眠产生恐惧感,担心免疫力下降,否认情绪低落和消极观念。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "疑病症", "B": "神经衰弱", "C": "恐惧症", "D": "失眠症"}, "answer": "失眠症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,58岁。双下肢及颜面水肿2个月。尿蛋白5.2g/24h,血白蛋白19g/L,1天来出现肉眼血尿,首选应考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球病进展", "B": "尿路结石", "C": "急性肾炎", "D": "肾静脉血栓"}, "answer": "肾静脉血栓", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.治疗淋病首选的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "四环素", "B": "头孢曲松", "C": "多西环素", "D": "青霉素"}, "answer": "头孢曲松", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "导致胎儿生长受限最常见的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎盘前置", "B": "臀先露", "C": "重度子痫前期", "D": "高龄初产"}, "answer": "重度子痫前期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,25岁,喜好网球运动,右肘关节外侧疼痛1个月,加重3天,持物无力,拧毛巾痛。除右肘关节外侧局限性压痛外,下述哪一项试验最有助于诊断?(  )", "options": {"A": "Finkelstein", "B": "Mills", "C": "Froment", "D": "Dugas"}, "answer": "Mills", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.调控Ⅰ型超敏反应的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "T", "B": "B", "C": "NK", "D": "嗜酸粒细胞"}, "answer": "嗜酸粒细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项为脑器质性精神障碍的主要特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "智能障碍", "B": "沉默孤僻", "C": "幻觉、妄想", "D": "情绪低落"}, "answer": "智能障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.能引起新生儿母子血型不合溶血病的免疫球蛋白主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫球蛋白M", "B": "免疫球蛋白G", "C": "胸腺", "D": "骨髓"}, "answer": "免疫球蛋白G", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,30岁。体重45kg,因外伤引起急性失血约600ml,手术治疗后出血停止,术后1天查体:P 85次/分,BP 95/60mmHg,化验Hb 105g/L。患者要求输血,此时应采取的正确措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "输注新鲜冰冻血浆400ml", "B": "无需输注血液或血液制品", "C": "输注全血200ml", "D": "输注普通冰冻血浆400ml"}, "answer": "无需输注血液或血液制品", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于分娩期子宫颈变化,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫颈管分娩前初产妇比经产妇长", "B": "孕周越大,颈管越短", "C": "初产妇子宫颈管先消失,然后宫口扩张", "D": "子宫颈内口常被拉向上向外扩张,呈漏斗形"}, "answer": "孕周越大,颈管越短", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "促进造血的细胞因子有(  )。", "options": {"A": "IL-3", "B": "IL-11", "C": "GM—CSF", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "髋关节结核的发病率在骨与关节结核中占(  )。", "options": {"A": "第一位", "B": "第三位", "C": "第四位", "D": "第五位"}, "answer": "第三位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "反复肺部感染造成肺气肿的主要机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使α1-抗胰蛋白酶的活性降低", "B": "破坏小支气管壁软骨而失去支架作用", "C": "使细支气管管腔狭窄而形成不完全阻塞", "D": "肺组织供血减少致营养障碍而使肺泡壁弹性减退"}, "answer": "使细支气管管腔狭窄而形成不完全阻塞", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "5.尿崩症时DDAVP治疗过分时常见(  )。", "options": {"A": "适当限制饮水", "B": "低钾血症", "C": "密切监测血压、体重", "D": "低钠血症"}, "answer": "低钠血症", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,25岁。无症状,近日婚前检查发现HBsAg(+),来医院进一步做了HBV两对半,患者最关心的是有无传染性。下列指标中,代表有传染性的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HBsAg", "B": "抗HBs", "C": "HBeAg", "D": "抗HBc"}, "answer": "HBeAg", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "成人心脏正常二尖瓣口面积是(  )。", "options": {"A": "0.5~1.0cm2", "B": "4.0~6.0cm2", "C": "6.5~7.5cm2", "D": "8.0~9.0cm2"}, "answer": "4.0~6.0cm2", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新生儿出生时,身体红,四肢青紫,心率90次/分,呼吸20次/分,呼吸不规则,四肢略屈曲,弹足底有皱眉。1.Apgar评分为(  )。", "options": {"A": "3分", "B": "5分", "C": "6分", "D": "7分"}, "answer": "5分", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "交感神经兴奋可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "瞳孔缩小", "B": "逼尿肌收缩", "C": "心率加快", "D": "支气管平滑肌收缩"}, "answer": "心率加快", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于结合菌素皮肤试验,下列哪一项是正确的(  )。", "options": {"A": "该试验为阴性者即为细胞免疫功能低下", "B": "检测的是体液免疫", "C": "常用于B细胞功能的检测", "D": "属于迟发型超敏反应"}, "answer": "属于迟发型超敏反应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男婴,8个月,腹泻3天,大便10余次/日,蛋花汤样,伴少量黏液,呕吐4或5次/日。嗜睡,口干,尿量少。查体:精神委靡,皮肤干燥、弹性较差,眼窝及前囟明显凹陷,哭时泪少。血钠132mmol/L,血钾4mmol/L。3.第二天如需静脉补充生理需要量,液体应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "10%葡萄糖液", "B": "0.9%氯化钠溶液", "C": "1:4含钠液", "D": "1:1含钠液"}, "answer": "1:4含钠液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "磷酸戊糖途径的主要产物之一是(  )。", "options": {"A": "NADPH", "B": "FMN", "C": "CoQ", "D": "CAMP"}, "answer": "NADPH", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于甲亢手术治疗的适应证,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高功能腺瘤", "B": "中度以上原发性甲亢", "C": "甲状腺肿大有压迫状态", "D": "青少年患者"}, "answer": "青少年患者", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.属于评定量表的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "主题统觉测验", "B": "比奈一西蒙量表", "C": "90项症状核查表", "D": "H—R成套测验"}, "answer": "90项症状核查表", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医师张某,因嫌弃在医院工作工资太少,从医院辞职后从事医药销售工作已有二年,有关卫生行政部门应对其作如何处理?(  )", "options": {"A": "处以罚款3000元", "B": "注销注册,收回医师执业证书", "C": "处以罚款1万元以上", "D": "以上都不对"}, "answer": "注销注册,收回医师执业证书", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于医德义务,下列描述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医德义务表明患者和社会对医务人员的客观职业要求", "B": "医德义务具有强制力", "C": "医德义务仅仅包括个体方面的内容", "D": "医德义务是伴随着国家而诞生的"}, "answer": "医德义务表明患者和社会对医务人员的客观职业要求", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.毛果芸香碱(  )。", "options": {"A": "用于青光眼,降低眼内压", "B": "用于重症肌无力", "C": "用干有机磷农药中毒", "D": "用于平滑肌痉挛"}, "answer": "用于青光眼,降低眼内压", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,50岁,3年前体检时发现血压180/115mmHg,门诊间断服药,血压波动于130~180/90~115mmHg。既往有脑梗死史,无吸烟史,无糖尿病及早发心血管疾病家族史。本次就诊时血压160/90mmHg。试问该患者的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压2级,中危", "B": "高血压3级,高危", "C": "高血压3级,很高危", "D": "高血压2级,高危"}, "answer": "高血压3级,很高危", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "细菌嘧啶核苷酸生物合成途径的反馈抑制是由于控制了下列哪种酶的活性?(  )", "options": {"A": "二氢乳清酸酶", "B": "天冬氨酸氨基甲酰转移酶", "C": "胸苷酸合成酶", "D": "二氢乳清酸脱氢酶"}, "answer": "天冬氨酸氨基甲酰转移酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "常温安静状态下,下列哪项是机体散热的主要方式?(  )", "options": {"A": "辐射", "B": "蒸发", "C": "对流", "D": "传导"}, "answer": "辐射", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列有关外科感染的问题,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "疖是多囊与邻近皮脂腺的化脓性感染", "B": "痈是多数散在不相关联的疖", "C": "丹毒是皮内网状淋巴管的炎性病变", "D": "急性蜂窝组织炎是皮下结缔组织的感染"}, "answer": "痈是多数散在不相关联的疖", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于精神科诊断过程,说法错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "横向诊断包括了精神现状检查和精神活动的动态检查两个方面", "B": "纵向诊断又称为病史诊断", "C": "最终诊断一定和横向诊断相一致", "D": "最终诊断一定和纵向诊断相一致"}, "answer": "最终诊断一定和横向诊断相一致", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.严重外伤(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动—被动型医患关系", "B": "稳定型医患关系", "C": "共同参与型医患关系", "D": "对立型医患关系"}, "answer": "主动—被动型医患关系", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,35岁,因口服敌敌畏重度中毒1h入院,经阿托品、氯解磷定等各项治疗3d后神志清醒,中毒症状缓解,体征消失,再用阿托品口服维持6d后,查全血胆碱酯酶活力仍处于80%左右,最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "系高毒类毒物中毒", "B": "红细胞再生尚不足", "C": "肝脏解毒功能差", "D": "胃、肠、胆道内仍有残毒在吸收"}, "answer": "系高毒类毒物中毒", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "颈椎骨折脱位合并截瘫的严重并发症不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "心血管系统紊乱", "B": "泌尿系感染和结石", "C": "褥疮", "D": "高热"}, "answer": "心血管系统紊乱", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "子宫肌瘤变性最常见的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "钙化", "B": "玻璃样变", "C": "红色变", "D": "肉瘤变"}, "answer": "玻璃样变", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,38岁,反复出现劳累后四肢无力,活动不能。体检:血压170/100mmHg,身高172cm,体重80kg,甲状腺Ⅱ度肿大,心、肺、腹(-),实验室检查:晨尿pH7.5,比重1.016,镜检(-),血钾3.9mmol/L,钠145mmol/L,氯100mmol/L。2.进一步应做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小剂量地塞米松抑制试验", "B": "吸碘率", "C": "低钠试验", "D": "高钠试验"}, "answer": "高钠试验", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,31岁,右侧甲状腺单发结节3个月,生长较快,近一周出现声音嘶哑,ECT检查显示右侧甲状腺“冷结节”。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺腺瘤", "B": "甲状腺癌", "C": "结节性甲状腺肿", "D": "甲状腺囊肿"}, "answer": "甲状腺癌", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.产科领域容易致DIC的疾病(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎盘早期剥离和羊水栓塞", "B": "双胎", "C": "前置胎盘", "D": "羊水过多"}, "answer": "胎盘早期剥离和羊水栓塞", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.上述哪项是能治疗癫痫发作而无镇静催眠作用的药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "苯妥英钠", "B": "苯巴比妥", "C": "乙琥胺", "D": "维生素B6"}, "answer": "苯妥英钠", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "霍乱吐泻“米泔水”样物质是因为泻吐物中(  )。", "options": {"A": "含大量黏液", "B": "含大量脱落上皮细胞", "C": "含大量胃肠黏膜", "D": "缺乏胆汁"}, "answer": "缺乏胆汁", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项与成瘾物质产生快感密切相关?(  )", "options": {"A": "乙酰胆碱系统", "B": "多巴胺系统", "C": "去甲肾上腺素系统", "D": "γ-氨基丁酸系统"}, "answer": "多巴胺系统", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "据临床观察,颅内血肿量达到下列哪项时即可引起颅内压增高症状?(  )", "options": {"A": "幕上血肿超过40ml,幕上血肿超过10ml", "B": "幕上血肿超过35ml,幕下血肿超过10ml", "C": "幕上血肿超过10ml,幕下血肿超过30ml", "D": "幕上血肿超过20ml,幕下血肿超过10ml"}, "answer": "幕上血肿超过20ml,幕下血肿超过10ml", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于病原菌致病性的构成因素的叙述最恰当的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "毒力+侵入部位+细菌数量", "B": "侵袭酶类+毒素+细菌数量", "C": "侵袭力+侵入部位+细菌数量", "D": "侵入部位+毒素+细菌表面结构"}, "answer": "毒力+侵入部位+细菌数量", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肿瘤性增生区别于炎症性增生的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "增生组织不分化不成熟", "B": "血管增生", "C": "器官的实质细胞增生", "D": "炎症细胞浸润"}, "answer": "增生组织不分化不成熟", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "《医疗机构管理条例》要求医疗机构必须将以下项目悬挂于明显处所,不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "医疗机构执业许可证", "B": "诊疗医生", "C": "收费标准", "D": "诊疗时间"}, "answer": "诊疗医生", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.患麻疹时出疹与体温的关系是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热3~4天出皮疹,出疹期体温更高", "B": "发热后1天左右出皮疹,症状轻", "C": "发热1~2天出皮疹,出疹时高热", "D": "高热3~5天,热退出疹"}, "answer": "发热3~4天出皮疹,出疹期体温更高", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "情感主要指(  )。", "options": {"A": "受情境影响而产生的体验", "B": "与人的社会性需要相联系的体验", "C": "与人的饥饿相联系的体验", "D": "与人的安全性需要相联系的体验"}, "answer": "与人的社会性需要相联系的体验", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "引起亚急性感染性的心内膜炎的最常见病原菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "草绿色链球菌", "B": "感冒病毒", "C": "衣原体", "D": "立克次体"}, "answer": "草绿色链球菌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.丙米嗪是(  )。", "options": {"A": "治疗神经官能症的药物", "B": "治疗精神分裂症的药物", "C": "治疗抑郁症的药物", "D": "治疗焦虑症的药物"}, "answer": "治疗抑郁症的药物", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,7岁,3周前曾患上呼吸道感染,3日来眼睑浮肿,尿少,有肉眼血尿。查体:咽部不充血,眼睑浮肿,血压150/11OmmHg。尿蛋白(+++),有大量红细胞,抗“O”500U,CH50、补体C3减少。诊断为急性肾炎,给予利尿、降压治疗,同时给予青霉素治疗。1.应用青霉素的疗程是(  )。", "options": {"A": "3~5天", "B": "7~10天", "C": "10~14天", "D": "14~21天"}, "answer": "7~10天", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "脑火器伤后9天,伤口小部分裂开,有粉红色混浊的分泌物,应立即采取(  )。", "options": {"A": "包扎伤口,防止脑膨出", "B": "扩大伤口引流", "C": "彻底清创", "D": "每日换药,无分泌物后缝合伤口"}, "answer": "每日换药,无分泌物后缝合伤口", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项属于稳定骨折?(  )", "options": {"A": "斜性骨折", "B": "粉碎性骨折", "C": "嵌插骨折", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "嵌插骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,4岁,7月25日开始发热,伴头痛、恶心、呕吐一次,次日稀便三次,精神不振,抽搐一次。体检:急性热病容,嗜睡状,颈强(+),克氏征(++),血常规检查:WBC 15.0×109/L,脑脊液为无色透明,白细胞数100×109/L,中性80%。1.该患儿最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "化脓性脑膜炎", "B": "结核性脑膜炎", "C": "流行性乙型脑炎", "D": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎(脑膜脑炎型)"}, "answer": "结核性脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胆总管探查,常规T管引流,术后拔出T管的时间最短为(  )。", "options": {"A": "术后8天", "B": "术后10天", "C": "术后14天", "D": "术后18天"}, "answer": "术后14天", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在我国尚未列入献血者血液筛查的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "艾滋病病毒", "B": "乙型肝炎病毒", "C": "丙型肝炎病毒", "D": "梅毒螺旋体"}, "answer": "乙型肝炎病毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对各类血管功能的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阻力血管主要指小动脉和微动脉", "B": "容量血管指的是静脉", "C": "血液通过毛细血管时血压降落最大", "D": "大动脉具有弹性贮器功能"}, "answer": "血液通过毛细血管时血压降落最大", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,68岁。阵发性腹痛1年,自觉有“气块”在腹中窜动,起初大便次数增加,近3个月腹胀、便秘,近3天无肛门排气、排便,呕吐物有粪便臭味,一直感乏力和低热。1.根据病史考虑肠梗阻应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "高位完全梗阻", "B": "低位不完全梗阻", "C": "血运性肠梗阻", "D": "低位完全梗阻"}, "answer": "低位完全梗阻", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.胆固醇的重要生理作用是合成某些活性物质的前体,如(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆汁酸盐和磷脂酰胆碱", "B": "17-羟胆固醇和17-酮胆固醇", "C": "胆汁酸和维生素D", "D": "胆汁酸"}, "answer": "胆汁酸和维生素D", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,30岁。转移性右下腹痛5天,加重伴畏寒、发热2天。查体:全腹肌紧张,有明显压痛和反跳感,麦氏点压痛明显,肠鸣音消失。腹腔穿刺抽出脓性液体,细菌培养结果最有可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "粪链球菌", "B": "变形杆菌", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "D": "大肠埃希菌"}, "answer": "大肠埃希菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.哪项体现不伤害原则?(  )", "options": {"A": "杜绝对病人的有意伤害", "B": "选择受益最大、损伤最小的治疗方案", "C": "患者及家属无法实行知情同意时,医生可以行使家长权", "D": "合理筛选肾脏移植受术者"}, "answer": "杜绝对病人的有意伤害", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,30岁。进行性痛经8年,婚后5年未孕。妇科检查:子宫大小正常,后位,固定,盆底可触及多个痛性结节,右侧附件区触及直径约6cm的囊性包块,不活动,左侧附件区组织略增厚。1.首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "盆腔结核", "B": "原发性痛经", "C": "子宫内膜异位症", "D": "卵巢肿瘤"}, "answer": "子宫内膜异位症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,45岁。右脚心被铁钉刺伤24小时,伤处红肿,剧痛,周围边界不清,创口中心皮肤坏死。最可能感染的致病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "梭状芽胞杆菌", "B": "表皮葡萄球菌", "C": "铜绿假单胞菌", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "梭状芽胞杆菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "新生儿期脑膜炎,最为常见的病原是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核杆菌", "B": "大肠杆菌", "C": "隐球菌", "D": "肺炎链球菌"}, "answer": "大肠杆菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.未成熟型畸胎瘤属(  )。", "options": {"A": "癌前病变", "B": "良性肿瘤", "C": "恶性肿瘤", "D": "交界性肿瘤"}, "answer": "恶性肿瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.食管癌吞钡X线片示(  )。", "options": {"A": "食管下段呈鸟嘴状改变", "B": "食管中段局限性充盈缺损", "C": "食管大部分呈线性狭窄", "D": "食管下段黏膜呈串珠样改变"}, "answer": "食管中段局限性充盈缺损", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,8岁,4周前因猩红热用青霉素治疗好转,2周后又高热不退,四肢关节酸痛,查体:体温39度,精神好,皮疹(-),心率160次/分,奔马律,血培养(-),该患儿最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "败血症", "B": "伤寒", "C": "风湿热", "D": "肺炎"}, "answer": "风湿热", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对乙肝病毒表面抗原的叙述不正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "HBsAg含有四种亚型", "B": "三种HBV颗粒均含有HBsAg", "C": "检出HBsAg表示患乙型肝炎", "D": "HBsAg滴度高,HBeAg检出率也高"}, "answer": "检出HBsAg表示患乙型肝炎", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,30岁,11月中旬发病,发热,全身痛,尿少,入院时发病5天。查体可见面部充血,结膜出血,皮下可见瘀点、瘀斑,经化验检查,最后确诊为肾综合征出血热。1.其出血原因中哪项错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "血管损伤", "B": "血小板减少", "C": "肝素物质增多", "D": "凝血因子合成减少"}, "answer": "凝血因子合成减少", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医德情感通常的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "自然性和同情心", "B": "自然性和爱心", "C": "理智性和同情心", "D": "同情心和纯洁性"}, "answer": "自然性和爱心", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "高压蒸汽灭菌法通常在103.4kpa的压力下维持时间为(  )。", "options": {"A": "1~5分钟", "B": "6~10分钟", "C": "15~20分钟", "D": "55~60分钟"}, "answer": "15~20分钟", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "腹腔闭合性损伤中最易损伤的实质性器官是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝脏", "B": "脾脏", "C": "肾脏", "D": "结肠"}, "answer": "脾脏", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,67岁。车祸后即昏迷,伤后2小时被送往医院。查体:昏迷状态,左顶枕部有一直径4cm头皮血肿,右侧瞳孔散大,对光反应消失,左侧肢体肌张力增高,病理反射阳性。头颅CT示右额颞部骨板下新月形高密度影。2.该患者颅内出血最可能来自于(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑表面小血管", "B": "大脑中动脉", "C": "蛛网膜颗粒", "D": "矢状窦"}, "answer": "脑表面小血管", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.普通处方的用药日数一般不得超过(  )。", "options": {"A": "3日", "B": "2日", "C": "1日", "D": "7日"}, "answer": "7日", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "革兰阳性粗大杆菌,芽孢椭圆,位于菌体次极端(  )。", "options": {"A": "炭疽杆菌", "B": "产气荚膜梭菌", "C": "肉毒梭菌", "D": "艰难梭菌"}, "answer": "产气荚膜梭菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.医疗机构发现甲类传染病病人、病原携带者,应(  )。", "options": {"A": "予以隔离治疗,隔离期限根据医学检查结果确定", "B": "确诊前在指定场所单独隔离治疗", "C": "在指定场所进行医学观察和采取其他必要的预防措施", "D": "必须依照法律法规的规定实施消毒和无害化处置"}, "answer": "予以隔离治疗,隔离期限根据医学检查结果确定", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,40岁,由4m高处跌下2小时。腹痛。腹肌紧张,有压痛和反跳痛,肠鸣音弱。血压104/70nmHg,脉率120次/min,血红蛋白80g/L。X线检查:第9、10肋骨骨折,右侧膈肌升高。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝破裂", "B": "胃破裂", "C": "脾破裂", "D": "横结肠破裂"}, "answer": "肝破裂", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,30岁,l月初发病,头痛、发热、恶心呕吐,腰痛4天。体检:面色潮红,结膜充血,腋下见有点状抓痕样出血点。化验:白细胞15×109/L,中性粒细胞0.72,淋巴细胞0.2,异形淋巴细胞0.08,尿蛋白(++),应首先考虑诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾综合征出血热", "B": "流行性膜脊髓膜炎", "C": "流行性感冒", "D": "伤寒"}, "answer": "肾综合征出血热", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某男,43岁,不间断饮白酒史20年,有时清晨即饮酒,近一月来出现失眠,无端怀疑妻子不忠,若其妻与异性交谈即发怒。1.所患疾病考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "酒精性妄想症", "C": "人格障碍", "D": "反应性精神障碍"}, "answer": "酒精性妄想症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.治疗轻、中型溃疡性结肠炎的首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "柳氮磺吡啶", "B": "美沙拉嗪", "C": "布地奈德", "D": "硫唑嘌呤"}, "answer": "柳氮磺吡啶", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "接种牛痘、麻疹等减毒活疫苗后,可使接种者发生全身感染甚至死亡的原因(  )。", "options": {"A": "B细胞缺陷", "B": "T细胞缺陷", "C": "吞噬细胞缺陷", "D": "补体受体缺陷"}, "answer": "T细胞缺陷", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,70岁,下楼时不慎摔伤右髋部。查体:右下肢短缩。外旋50°畸形,右髋肿胀不明显,但有叩痛。2.为证实诊断首先需要的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "普遍X线片", "B": "MRF检查", "C": "CT检查", "D": "关节造影"}, "answer": "普遍X线片", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.细菌性痢疾的肠溃疡特征(  )。", "options": {"A": "溃疡呈环形与肠的长轴垂直", "B": "溃疡呈长椭圆形与肠的长轴平行", "C": "溃疡边缘呈堤状隆起", "D": "溃疡表浅呈地图状"}, "answer": "溃疡表浅呈地图状", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "生长发育的一般规律是(  )。", "options": {"A": "由下到上", "B": "由远到近", "C": "先会用全掌抓握,而后能用手指抓握", "D": "先学会记忆,后发展到感觉事物"}, "answer": "先会用全掌抓握,而后能用手指抓握", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "反复(至少2次)出现心境和活动水平明显紊乱的发作,有时表现为躁狂或轻躁狂,有时表现为抑郁,发作间期通常为完全缓解。此症状属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "躁狂发作", "B": "抑郁发作", "C": "双相障碍", "D": "恶劣心境"}, "answer": "双相障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于医德良心,下述提法中错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医德良心是对道德情感的深化", "B": "医德良心是对道德责任的自觉认识", "C": "医德良心在行为前具有选择作用", "D": "医德良心在行为后具有社会评价作用"}, "answer": "医德良心在行为前具有选择作用", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "目前认为与鼻咽癌发病有关的病毒是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯疱疹病毒", "B": "EB病毒", "C": "脊髓灰质炎病毒", "D": "巨细胞病毒"}, "answer": "EB病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "35岁男性,病人1年前出现情绪低落,悲观厌世,近半年转为情感高涨,言语、行为增多,自高自大,爱管闲事,讲话常滔滔不绝,眉飞色舞,有感染力,病人4年前头部受过外伤。该病人考虑诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑郁症", "B": "躁狂病", "C": "双相情感障碍", "D": "脑外伤所致精神障碍"}, "answer": "脑外伤所致精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,10岁,右大腿下端疼痛伴高热达39.5℃ 1天,怀疑为急性化脓性骨髓炎。2.最有价值的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CT检查", "B": "X线摄片检查", "C": "血培养", "D": "局部穿刺"}, "answer": "局部穿刺", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2,3-二磷酸甘油酸(DPG)可使Hb(  )。", "options": {"A": "在肺中易将O2结合", "B": "在组织易与O2结合", "C": "在肺中易与O2结合", "D": "在组织中易将O2放出"}, "answer": "在组织中易将O2放出", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿生后造血的特点中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1岁时所有骨髓均参加造血", "B": "7岁后黄髓明显增多", "C": "小儿各年龄期均常见髓外造血", "D": "髓外造血可表现为肝脾大"}, "answer": "小儿各年龄期均常见髓外造血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,47岁,慢性肾炎病史多年,近2年经常出现双下肢浮肿,一直服潘生丁及氢氯噻嗪治疗。近一周感觉腹胀,双下肢无力,首先考虑的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低钾血症", "B": "高血压", "C": "酸中毒", "D": "药物中毒"}, "answer": "低钾血症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.老年期抑郁症情感障碍特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "情感低落", "B": "情感淡漠", "C": "情感低落伴有焦虑症状", "D": "情感高涨"}, "answer": "情感低落伴有焦虑症状", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "伤寒的临床特点不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "玫瑰疹", "B": "肝脾大", "C": "血白细胞升高", "D": "相对缓脉"}, "answer": "血白细胞升高", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "诊断恶性肿瘤的主要的形态学依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "组织结构紊乱", "B": "浸润周围组织", "C": "细胞核多形性", "D": "出血坏死"}, "answer": "细胞核多形性", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,24岁,发热、颈部疼痛1周,伴心悸、多汗、手抖;T 37.8℃,无突眼,甲状腺Ⅱ度肿大,结节状,左侧为著,质韧硬,触痛(+),未闻及血管杂音,心率114次/分。甲状腺吸131I率:3小时3%,24小时8%;T4 290nmol/L(正常65~156),T3 4.9nmol/L(正常1.8~2.9)。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结节性甲状腺肿伴甲亢", "B": "亚急性甲状腺炎", "C": "Graves病", "D": "桥本病"}, "answer": "亚急性甲状腺炎", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.考核不合格,暂停执业活动期满,再次进行考核,仍不合格的,由县以上卫生行政部门(  )。", "options": {"A": "定期考核", "B": "接受培训和继续医学教育", "C": "注销注册", "D": "予以取缔"}, "answer": "注销注册", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.大量饮清水导致尿量增加称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球滤过率降低", "B": "囊内压升高", "C": "水利尿", "D": "尿崩症"}, "answer": "水利尿", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "经产妇,足月活胎可经阴道娩出的胎位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "枕右后位", "B": "肩左后位", "C": "颏左后位", "D": "颏右后位"}, "answer": "枕右后位", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪组疾病可引起痴呆(  )。", "options": {"A": "帕金森病,阿尔茨海默病,路易体痴呆", "B": "甲状腺功能低下,高胰岛素血症,血卟啉病", "C": "一氧化碳中毒,酒精中毒,缺氧", "D": "以上均可"}, "answer": "以上均可", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "老年患者外伤后致桡骨下端骨折。骨折对位对线良好,并有嵌插,该患者应选择的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "无须治疗", "B": "复位内固定", "C": "手法复位外固定", "D": "夹板固定或石膏固定"}, "answer": "夹板固定或石膏固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "雷尼替丁为(  )。", "options": {"A": "H1受体阻断药", "B": "H2受体阻断药", "C": "质子泵抑制药", "D": "中和胃酸药"}, "answer": "H2受体阻断药", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "最易引起骨筋膜室综合征的骨折是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胫骨中段骨折", "B": "踝部骨折", "C": "胫骨平台骨折", "D": "腓骨下段骨折"}, "answer": "胫骨中段骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性病毒性肝炎病程一般为(  )。", "options": {"A": "<5个月", "B": "2~4个月", "C": "<2个月", "D": ">半年"}, "answer": "2~4个月", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.属呼吸链中的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "苹果酸脱氢酶", "B": "丙酮酸脱氢酶", "C": "NADH脱氢酶", "D": "葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶"}, "answer": "NADH脱氢酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "营养性维生素D缺乏性佝偻病的高发人群不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "比较小的婴儿", "B": "生长发育快的婴儿", "C": "户外活动少的婴儿", "D": "夏季出生的婴儿"}, "answer": "夏季出生的婴儿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "ITP做骨髓检查的主要目的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "证明有无幼稚巨核细胞", "B": "证明有无巨核细胞增生", "C": "排除引起血小板减少的其他疾病", "D": "上述均不是"}, "answer": "排除引起血小板减少的其他疾病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,18岁,甲状腺弥漫性肿大,无突眼。甲状腺摄碘试验:2小时25%,24小时50%。清晨空腹测定脉搏70 次/分,血压120/80mmHg,SPECT检查示甲状腺无结节。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺功能亢进", "B": "甲状腺炎", "C": "单纯性甲状腺肿", "D": "结节性甲状腺炎"}, "answer": "单纯性甲状腺肿", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,42岁。双眼睑下垂,复视伴吞咽困难2个月,症状在下午和劳累后加重。为明确诊断需完善的检查不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "ACh受体抗体滴度", "B": "血清铜", "C": "新斯的明试验", "D": "纵隔CT"}, "answer": "血清铜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "Calot三角组成包括肝脏下缘、胆囊管和(  )。", "options": {"A": "副胆管", "B": "肝总管", "C": "右肝管", "D": "胰腺下缘"}, "answer": "肝总管", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "十二指肠球部后壁溃疡最常发生的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "穿孔", "B": "幽门梗阻", "C": "胆囊炎", "D": "出血"}, "answer": "出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列不属于医务人员非语言沟通技巧的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "语调", "B": "表情", "C": "身体姿势", "D": "文字暗示"}, "answer": "文字暗示", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "降低肺结核传染最主要的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "合理处理肺结核患者痰液", "B": "高危人群预防性化学治疗", "C": "治愈涂阳肺结核患者", "D": "接种卡介苗"}, "answer": "治愈涂阳肺结核患者", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于小儿年龄分期,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "婴儿期是指自出生28天后到满1周岁前", "B": "胎儿期是指从受精卵开始到胎儿出生为止", "C": "学龄前期是指自3周岁到6~7周岁入小学", "D": "幼儿期是指自1周岁后到3周岁前"}, "answer": "婴儿期是指自出生28天后到满1周岁前", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,38岁,既往有十二指肠球部溃疡病史,2小时前突然感头晕,心慌,呕血一次,黑便一次。查体:颜面苍白,四肢发冷,脉搏122次/分,血压80/40mmHg。此时处理最恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "紧急手术", "B": "应用升压药", "C": "输晶体液和人工胶体液", "D": "输血,输液"}, "answer": "输晶体液和人工胶体液", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者经泼尼松治疗1年后,血小板20×109/L,但仍在维持服用泼尼松30mg/d。1.应进一步选择的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "泼尼松加量", "B": "脾切除", "C": "服用叶酸", "D": "预防性输血小板"}, "answer": "脾切除", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新生儿出生体重3.2kg。生后48小时血清总胆红素257mmol/L(15mg/dl),结合胆红素34.2mmol/L(2mg/dl)。首选治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "光照治疗", "B": "抗生素疗法", "C": "换血疗法", "D": "应用利尿剂"}, "answer": "光照治疗", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于肠道杆菌的论述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "所有肠道杆菌都不形成芽胞", "B": "肠道杆菌都是G-中等大小的杆菌", "C": "肠道杆菌中致病菌一般可分解乳糖", "D": "肠道杆菌中非致病菌一般可分解乳糖"}, "answer": "肠道杆菌中致病菌一般可分解乳糖", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.溶血性链球菌感染(  )。", "options": {"A": "浆液性炎", "B": "蜂窝织炎", "C": "脓肿", "D": "肉芽肿性炎"}, "answer": "蜂窝织炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "朊粒引起的疾病不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "亚急性硬化性全脑炎", "B": "羊瘙痒症", "C": "牛海绵状脑病(疯牛病)", "D": "克-雅病"}, "answer": "亚急性硬化性全脑炎", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.脊髓压迫症应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "手术治疗", "B": "皮质类固醇激素治疗", "C": "去除病因治疗", "D": "理疗"}, "answer": "去除病因治疗", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "结核性脑膜炎的病理改变最明显处在(  )。", "options": {"A": "小脑", "B": "大脑", "C": "桥脑", "D": "脑底"}, "answer": "脑底", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "扩张型心肌病典型的超声心动图改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "收缩期心尖部向外膨出", "B": "瓣膜增厚、钙化、僵硬,瓣口开放受限", "C": "心腔扩大,室壁运动弥漫减弱,瓣口开放小", "D": "舒张期室间隔厚度与左室后壁之比≥1.3"}, "answer": "心腔扩大,室壁运动弥漫减弱,瓣口开放小", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "随月经周期疼痛的乳腺肿块可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺癌", "B": "乳房囊性增生病", "C": "乳腺纤维腺瘤", "D": "乳房脂肪坏死"}, "answer": "乳房囊性增生病", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,22岁,乏力、纳差1个月,水肿少尿伴血压升高1周,尿蛋白(++),尿RBC 30~50/HP,血Hb 76g/L,补体C3正常,肌酐421μmol/L。B超提示双肾增大,血清抗肾小球基底膜抗体阳性,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急进性肾小球肾炎Ⅱ型", "B": "急性肾小球肾炎", "C": "急进性肾小球肾炎Ⅲ型", "D": "急进性肾小球肾炎Ⅰ型"}, "answer": "急进性肾小球肾炎Ⅰ型", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "造成传染病流行的三个必备条件是(  )。", "options": {"A": "传染源、传播途径和易感人群", "B": "病原体、媒介昆虫和易感者", "C": "病原微生物、媒介昆虫和宿主", "D": "寄生虫、中间宿主和终末宿主"}, "answer": "传染源、传播途径和易感人群", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "干性支气管扩张是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "反复咯血、无咳嗽、咳痰,其发生部位引流不畅", "B": "反复咯血、无咳嗽、咳痰,其发生部位引流良好", "C": "反复痰中带血,但痰极少,其发生部位引流良好", "D": "反复咳嗽、大量脓血痰,其发生部位多位于下叶"}, "answer": "反复咯血、无咳嗽、咳痰,其发生部位引流良好", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,3岁,曾多次患肺炎,平时无发绀。查体:心前区隆起,心尖搏动弥散,胸骨左缘第2肋间闻及Ⅲ级粗糙的连续性机器样杂音。向颈部传导,有震颤,有水冲脉。2.血流动力学改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺循环血流量减少", "B": "肺循环血流量增加", "C": "右向左分流", "D": "左心室舒张期容量减少"}, "answer": "肺循环血流量增加", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性感染性心内膜炎最常见的致病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "B": "淋球菌", "C": "肺炎球菌", "D": "肠球菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,1岁。体重9kg,因发热、腹泻2天入院。精神委靡,皮肤弹性差,眼窝明显凹陷,四肢冰凉,尿极少。1.扩容应输注的液体组成是(  )。", "options": {"A": "0.9%氯化钠60ml,1.4%碳酸氢钠120ml", "B": "0.9%氯化钠80ml,1.4%碳酸氢钠100ml", "C": "0.9%氯化钠120ml,1.4%碳酸氢钠60ml", "D": "0.9%氯化钠140ml,1.4%碳酸氢钠40ml"}, "answer": "0.9%氯化钠120ml,1.4%碳酸氢钠60ml", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,65岁。间断咳嗽、咳痰5年,1周来因发热、咳黄痰就诊。曾口服“感冒药”和“祛痰药”无明显效果。查体:T 38.5℃,口唇略发绀,双下肺可闻及少量湿啰音。为明确诊断,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血气分析", "B": "肺功能", "C": "痰培养+药敏", "D": "胸部X线片"}, "answer": "痰培养+药敏", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医师考核不合格者,县级以上人民政府卫生行政部门可以责令其暂停执业活动多长时间(  )。", "options": {"A": "1~3个月", "B": "1~2个月", "C": "3~6个月", "D": "6~12个月"}, "answer": "3~6个月", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于血清学诊断方法,下述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "风湿症——抗“O”试验", "B": "伤寒——肥达反应", "C": "梅毒——瓦色曼试验", "D": "结核——结核菌素试验"}, "answer": "结核——结核菌素试验", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "衡量心脏泵血功能的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心率", "B": "心电图", "C": "射血分数", "D": "动脉血压"}, "answer": "射血分数", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "与单纯扩散相比,易化扩散的主要特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "顺浓度差转运", "B": "温度升高时扩散量增加", "C": "需要“膜蛋白”的帮助", "D": "是脂溶性物质跨膜转运的主要方式"}, "answer": "需要“膜蛋白”的帮助", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哪项是易位型21-三体综合征最常见的核型?(  )", "options": {"A": "46,XY,-22,+t(21q22q)", "B": "46,XY,-13,+t(13q21q)", "C": "46,XY,-14,+t(14q21q)", "D": "46,XY,-15,+t(15q21q)"}, "answer": "46,XY,-14,+t(14q21q)", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "月经来潮的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血中雌激素和孕激素水平都升高", "B": "血中雌激素水平降低,孕激素水平不变", "C": "血中雌激素水平降低,孕激素水平降低", "D": "血中雌激素水平和孕激素水平都不变"}, "answer": "血中雌激素水平降低,孕激素水平降低", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,45岁,心悸、乏力1年余,进行性加重,未就诊;1周前发热,T 37.6~38℃,伴咳嗽、咳黄粘痰,口服止咳祛痰药物效果不佳,3天来症状加重,体温持续39℃以上,并出现恶心、呕吐、腹泻,痰黄脓,气急加重。查体:T 39.8℃,P 150次份,R 32次/分.BP 11/5kPa;消瘦,意识模糊,烦躁不安,巩膜轻度黄染,甲状腺Ⅰ度肿大,可闻血管杂音,无震颤。两肺可闻多量干湿性啰音,心界不大,心率164次/分,律不整,第一心音亢进,心尖部可闻Ⅱ级收缩期吹风样杂音,腹(-);下肢无水肿。2.需进行以下治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "他巴唑+碘剂+小剂量糖皮质激素+β受体阻滞剂", "B": "PTU+碘剂+小剂量糖皮质激素", "C": "PTU+碘剂+大剂量糖皮质激素+利舍平", "D": "MTU+碘剂+小剂量糖皮质激素+β受体阻滞剂"}, "answer": "PTU+碘剂+小剂量糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "随机抽取的300名大学生身高和体重资料,P<0.01(α=0.05),说明身高和体重(  )。", "options": {"A": "呈正比", "B": "呈反比", "C": "存在紧密联系", "D": "存在直线相关关系"}, "answer": "存在直线相关关系", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.下肢短缩、外展、极度外旋位(  )。", "options": {"A": "股骨颈骨折", "B": "股骨粗隆间骨折", "C": "股骨上1/3骨折", "D": "股骨上中段骨折"}, "answer": "股骨粗隆间骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,50岁,呕吐、腹泻2天,意识模糊、烦躁不安半天急诊入院。查体:BP 110/70mmHg,神志恍惚,巩膜中度黄染,颈部可见数枚蜘蛛痣。心肺未见异常,腹软,肝肋下未触及,脾肋下3cm,双上肢散在出血点,Hb 90g/L,WBC 3.22×109/L,血糖7.0mmol/L,尿糖(+),尿酮(-),尿镜检(-)。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝性脑病", "B": "糖尿病酮症酸中毒", "C": "高渗性非酮症糖尿病昏迷", "D": "脑血管病"}, "answer": "肝性脑病", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "鉴别脑出血与蛛网膜下腔出血最重要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑膜刺激征", "B": "活动中发病", "C": "脑脊液含血量多少", "D": "CT见脑实质内高密度灶"}, "answer": "CT见脑实质内高密度灶", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.水痘皮疹是(  )。", "options": {"A": "玫瑰疹", "B": "红丘疹", "C": "水疱疹", "D": "荨麻疹"}, "answer": "水疱疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "牛乳中矿物质含量比人乳中多3~3.5倍,可加重小儿(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾脏负荷", "B": "肝脏负荷", "C": "肺脏负荷", "D": "酸碱负荷"}, "answer": "肾脏负荷", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "成熟mRNA的前体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "tRNA", "B": "hnRNA", "C": "核内小RNA", "D": "核仁小RNA"}, "answer": "hnRNA", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪项是阿片受体拮抗剂?(  )", "options": {"A": "喷他佐辛", "B": "罗通定", "C": "曲马朵", "D": "纳洛酮"}, "answer": "纳洛酮", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,55岁,体重76kg,身高160 cm。因多饮、多尿确诊为2型糖尿病。经饮食治疗和运动锻炼,2个月后空腹血糖为8.8mmol/L,餐后2小时血糖13.0mmol/L。进一步治疗应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "加磺脲类降血糖药物", "B": "加双胍类降血糖药物", "C": "加胰岛素治疗", "D": "维持原饮食治疗和运动"}, "answer": "加双胍类降血糖药物", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于以节肢动物为媒介的组合,哪一项是不正确的(  )。", "options": {"A": "登革病毒、斑疹伤寒立克次体", "B": "乙型脑炎病毒、麻疹病毒", "C": "乙型脑炎病毒、登革病毒", "D": "乙型脑炎病毒、Q热柯克斯体"}, "answer": "乙型脑炎病毒、麻疹病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于胆固醇合成的调节的叙述中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "饥饿可抑制胆固醇的合成", "B": "胰岛素可抑制胆固醇的合成", "C": "皮质醇可抑制胆固醇的合成", "D": "甲状腺素可促进胆固醇转变为胆汁酸"}, "answer": "胰岛素可抑制胆固醇的合成", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肱骨外上髁炎的治疗措施中,下列选项不妥的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "理疗", "B": "压痛点醋酸强的松龙注射", "C": "加强腕关节背伸抗阻运动练习", "D": "伸肌总腱起点剥离松解术"}, "answer": "加强腕关节背伸抗阻运动练习", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "高血压病时,细小动脉硬化的病理改变是细动脉壁(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤维化", "B": "水肿", "C": "玻璃样变性", "D": "纤维素样坏死"}, "answer": "玻璃样变性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,55岁。出车祸后6小时。6小时来未排尿,使用导尿管导出黄色尿液50ml。查体:T 36.5℃,P 140次/分,R 28次/分,BP 65/50mmHg,意识模糊,双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心律齐,腹部膨隆。最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "重度休克,神经源性休克", "B": "重度休克,低血容量性休克", "C": "中度休克,低血容量性休克", "D": "中度休克,神经源性休克"}, "answer": "重度休克,低血容量性休克", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不易引起空洞的肺炎是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎链球菌肺炎", "B": "克雷伯杆菌肺炎", "C": "大肠杆菌肺炎", "D": "梭形杆菌肺炎"}, "answer": "肺炎链球菌肺炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪项是刺激胃液分泌的重要物质?(  )", "options": {"A": "去甲肾上腺素", "B": "组胺", "C": "促胰液素", "D": "抑胃肽"}, "answer": "组胺", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "艾滋病的英文缩写是(  )。", "options": {"A": "AIDS", "B": "HIV", "C": "HBV", "D": "HAV"}, "answer": "AIDS", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,31岁,痛经,近1年加重。结婚3年,未避孕,未孕。月经规则,量中,子宫正常大小.左附件触及5cm囊肿。1.本例诊断以下哪一种可能性大?(  )", "options": {"A": "盆腔炎", "B": "盆腔结核", "C": "子宫内膜异位症", "D": "子宫腺肌症"}, "answer": "子宫内膜异位症", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,52岁。绝经4年。阵发性阴道排液半年就诊,自诉偶有右下腹隐痛。妇科检查:右侧附件区可触及条状肿物。首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫颈癌", "B": "卵巢癌", "C": "输卵管癌", "D": "腹膜癌"}, "answer": "输卵管癌", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于抗原,下述哪一项组合是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "完全抗原、绵羊RBC", "B": "自身抗原、HLA", "C": "细胞浆抗原、线粒体抗原", "D": "异嗜性抗原、Forssman抗原"}, "answer": "自身抗原、HLA", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,26岁,一天前搬家时腰扭伤。腰剧痛并向右下肢放射,不能平卧,咳嗽加剧,痛窜至足背,伴麻木,大小便正常。检查:腰背肌痉挛,L4~5椎旁压痛,腰向前弯曲受限,右下肢直腿抬高受限,膝腱与跟腱反射正常,肌力正常,足背与小腿外侧感觉过敏。3.首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "手术治疗", "B": "牵引、卧床", "C": "椎管内封闭", "D": "髓核化学溶解术"}, "answer": "牵引、卧床", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.消化性溃疡急性穿孔的典型体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹式呼吸基本消失", "B": "腹部压痛最显著的部位", "C": "腹肌强直呈板样", "D": "腹胀、肠鸣音消失"}, "answer": "腹肌强直呈板样", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,59岁,病程3~4年,主要表现为不愿与他人接触,喜独处沉思,自言自语,大吵大闹,无故打人,言语少,情感淡漠,孤僻,赤足露胸,生活懒散,衣着不整,不洗澡,随地便溺,需要什么用手打手势示意,思维贫乏,自发言语杂乱无章。神经系统检查均正常。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症(衰退型)", "B": "脑器质性精神障碍", "C": "人格改变", "D": "老年性痴呆"}, "answer": "精神分裂症(衰退型)", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,24岁,心悸、多食、消瘦、易激动4个月,甲状腺1°肿大,甲状腺吸碘率3小时为60%,24小时为72%,诊断为Graves病。2.进一步治疗时,下列哪个方案是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "定期随访", "B": "定期查WBC+DC", "C": "症状消失,甲状腺功能正常时可停药", "D": "抗甲状腺药物治疗2周后,、可考虑加甲状腺制剂"}, "answer": "症状消失,甲状腺功能正常时可停药", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "直肠癌行保肛手术时,应重视保护直肠下段,此措施最主要的意义在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "保留电解质吸收功能", "B": "保留葡萄糖吸收功能", "C": "保留水吸收功能", "D": "保留正常排便反射"}, "answer": "保留正常排便反射", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "月经来潮前性激素的生理变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "孕激素出现两个高峰", "B": "出现雌、孕激素高峰", "C": "只出现雌激素高峰", "D": "只出现孕激素高峰"}, "answer": "出现雌、孕激素高峰", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.流行性脑脊髓膜炎的传染途径(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化道传染", "B": "虫媒传染", "C": "呼吸道传染", "D": "皮肤接触传染"}, "answer": "呼吸道传染", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "系统性红斑狼疮中具有该病标志性意义的抗体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗RNP", "B": "抗Scl-70", "C": "抗Sm", "D": "抗Jo-1"}, "answer": "抗Sm", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "骨肉瘤X线片可见(  )。", "options": {"A": "发生于骨端", "B": "可见“日光照射”现象", "C": "可为膨胀性生长", "D": "与正常组织界限清楚"}, "answer": "可见“日光照射”现象", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.哪项是气性坏疽的致病菌?(  )", "options": {"A": "β-溶血性链球菌", "B": "梭状芽胞杆菌", "C": "大肠杆菌", "D": "铜绿假单胞菌"}, "answer": "梭状芽胞杆菌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项肺功能检查结果不符合阻塞性通气功能障碍?(  )", "options": {"A": "VC减低或正常", "B": "TIM正常或增加", "C": "FEV1/FVC减低", "D": "MMFR正常"}, "answer": "MMFR正常", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "叩诊为“短而弱的高音”推断,叩诊器官是(  )。", "options": {"A": "正常肺", "B": "胃泡区和腹部", "C": "肺气肿", "D": "肝,脾等实质性器官"}, "answer": "肝,脾等实质性器官", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.病人在不言不语时自觉和正在说话一样,该症状属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "言语运动性幻觉", "B": "被控制感", "C": "错觉", "D": "似曾相识"}, "answer": "言语运动性幻觉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "7岁女孩,低热半月,消瘦轻咳。查体:T38℃,营养差,右背下部听诊呼吸音减低,下肢有结节性红斑,接种过卡介苗,PPD试验强阳性。1.该患儿首选的检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤维支气管镜检查", "B": "痰找结核菌", "C": "胸部X线检查", "D": "结核抗体测定"}, "answer": "胸部X线检查", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿18个月,于7月2日来院就诊。腹泻2天,大便呈蛋花样混有黏液,量多,有腥臭味。粪常规镜检无白细胞。哭时泪少,尿少。精神萎靡,口唇樱桃红,呼吸深大,心音低钝,脉搏细速,肌张力降低,腹胀,四肢厥冷,皮肤发花。1.入院诊断“产毒性大肠杆菌肠炎”,处理正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急查血电解质Na+、K+,和二氧化碳结合力", "B": "立即给予口服补液盐补液", "C": "禁食8小时,使胃肠道得以休息", "D": "给予制霉菌素预防霉菌感染"}, "answer": "急查血电解质Na+、K+,和二氧化碳结合力", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对支气管平滑肌上的β2受体具有选择性兴奋作用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "特布他林", "B": "肾上腺素", "C": "异丙肾上腺素", "D": "多巴胺"}, "answer": "特布他林", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,25岁。头痛4个月,加重3周,有时喷射性呕吐。查体:P 50次/分,BP 160/95mmHg,双侧视神经乳头水肿,进一步检查和治疗措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃镜检查与止吐药", "B": "头颅CT/MRI检查与甘露醇", "C": "心电图与降血压药", "D": "头颅X线片与止痛药"}, "answer": "头颅CT/MRI检查与甘露醇", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.AVP治疗时应注意(  )。", "options": {"A": "适当限制饮水", "B": "限制钠盐", "C": "低钾血症", "D": "密切监测血压、体重"}, "answer": "适当限制饮水", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项为皮质醇增多症最常见的病因?(  )", "options": {"A": "肾上腺皮质腺癌", "B": "双肾上腺皮质增生", "C": "异位ACTH综合征", "D": "医源性糖皮质激素过多"}, "answer": "双肾上腺皮质增生", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,70岁。因高血压、冠心病口服阿司匹林,一天前因胸闷、心前区疼痛就诊,检查肌钙蛋白明显升高。原因可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心肌梗死", "B": "肝脏占位", "C": "药物副作用", "D": "深静脉血栓形成"}, "answer": "心肌梗死", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项为管理舌前2/3味觉的神经?(  )", "options": {"A": "三叉神经", "B": "面神经", "C": "舌咽神经", "D": "迷走神经"}, "answer": "面神经", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4岁,男孩,体检时发现胸骨左缘第3、4肋间Ⅳ级粗糙收缩期杂音,肺动脉第二音稍增强,为确诊需下一步做哪项无创性检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "心血管造影", "B": "心导管检查", "C": "超声心动图", "D": "心电图"}, "answer": "超声心动图", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,40岁,患者有血尿、蛋白尿、管型尿,经治疗无明显好转。四年后,因尿毒症死亡。尸体解剖发现两肾对称性萎缩,表面呈细颗粒状。组织学检查,大量肾小球纤维化,并呈现均匀红染、半透明小团。这些肾小球的病变属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "淀粉样变性", "B": "玻璃样变性", "C": "脂肪变性", "D": "水变性"}, "answer": "玻璃样变性", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于情绪与情感的特点下列说法正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "情绪较为稳定", "B": "情感反应较持久", "C": "情绪反应较深沉", "D": "情感与生理性需要有关"}, "answer": "情感反应较持久", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "非胃肠道手术,术前禁食时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "6h", "B": "8h", "C": "12h", "D": "14h"}, "answer": "12h", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.不全流产(  )。", "options": {"A": "易引起DIC", "B": "易引起失血性休克", "C": "易引起迷走神经综合征", "D": "易致肠管损伤"}, "answer": "易引起失血性休克", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性支气管炎有小气道阻塞时,最敏感的肺功能检查指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "第1秒用力呼气量占用力肺活量的比值减少", "B": "残气容积明显增加", "C": "肺总量减少", "D": "频率依赖性肺顺应性降低"}, "answer": "第1秒用力呼气量占用力肺活量的比值减少", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心室肌细胞动作电位1期复极是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "K+外流", "B": "Na+内流", "C": "Cl-内流", "D": "K+内流"}, "answer": "K+外流", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "药物代谢主要在(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝脏", "B": "肾脏", "C": "肺", "D": "心"}, "answer": "肝脏", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,10岁,发热10天,体温38~39℃,刺激性咳嗽明显,胸痛。查体:双肺散在于鸣音;胸片:左肺下野淡薄片状阴影。1.最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺病毒肺炎", "B": "呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎", "C": "肺炎支原体肺炎", "D": "肺炎链球菌肺炎"}, "answer": "肺炎支原体肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "应激可理解为(  )。", "options": {"A": "外界刺激和环境要求", "B": "对环境不适应或适应的反应", "C": "在对环境要求与应付能力评估后的状态", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "在对环境要求与应付能力评估后的状态", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于癌基因的叙述,下述哪一项是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "是致癌病毒具有的某些核苷酸序列", "B": "为RNA病毒所特有", "C": "也称细胞癌基因", "D": "正常人类基因组不存在"}, "answer": "是致癌病毒具有的某些核苷酸序列", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,27岁,病程5年,性格孤僻,不上班,将自己的东西都卖掉,流浪街头,睡门洞,在饭店讨饭吃,时有自言自语,经常呼唤着因病过世的母亲的名字。精神检查:意识清晰,衣着不整,表情淡漠,对人冷淡,常对人冷笑,孤僻离群,时有奇怪想法,如“不能利用出现的一种倾向掩盖另一种倾向”。躯体及神经系统检查无异常。该病人诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑郁症", "B": "精神分裂症", "C": "分裂性人格", "D": "精神发育迟滞"}, "answer": "精神分裂症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.外科术后最常见的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "疼痛", "B": "发热", "C": "恶心、呕吐", "D": "腹胀"}, "answer": "疼痛", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.肾脏表面有隆起的黄白色脓肿(  )。", "options": {"A": "膜性肾小球病", "B": "急性肾盂肾炎", "C": "慢性肾盂肾炎", "D": "快速进行性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "急性肾盂肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.大叶性肺炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺实变体征", "B": "湿性啰音", "C": "桶状胸", "D": "肺褐色硬变"}, "answer": "肺实变体征", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,22岁,左颈下及腋下出现无痛性肿块3月余,体检发现左侧颈部、锁骨上和腋窝等处,有肿大的孤立的无痛性肿大淋巴结,以下哪项发现最有助于提示此患者是霍奇金病,而非非霍奇金淋巴瘤?(  )", "options": {"A": "发病早期全身剧烈瘙痒", "B": "硬膜外肿瘤压迫脊髓", "C": "伴发自身免疫性溶血性贫血", "D": "弥漫性组织细胞型淋巴瘤痛"}, "answer": "发病早期全身剧烈瘙痒", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "母亲孕期除了应保证足够的营养,还应做好围产期保健,重点不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "鼓励孕母保持心情舒畅,创造一个良好的生活环境", "B": "做好孕前遗传咨询工作,减少残疾儿的发生", "C": "孕期避免吸烟、酗酒,有病应在医生指导下用药", "D": "努力提高医务人员的接生技术"}, "answer": "努力提高医务人员的接生技术", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,45岁,左下肢麻木2个月余,从上往下发展,近1个月出现右下肢无力。查体:颅神经及双上肢正常,左腹股沟以下痛温觉减退,右下肢肌力Ⅳ级,Babinski征右侧(+)。1.其诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左髓外硬膜内肿瘤", "B": "右髓外硬膜内肿瘤", "C": "脊髓髓内肿瘤", "D": "大脑肿瘤"}, "answer": "右髓外硬膜内肿瘤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于2型糖尿病,正确的说法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应有“三多一少”的症状", "B": "尿糖阳性", "C": "胰岛素水平低于正常", "D": "糖耐量试验有助于可疑病例的诊断"}, "answer": "糖耐量试验有助于可疑病例的诊断", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某儿童患者,经1疗程链霉素治疗后,听力明显下降,虽然停药几周后听力仍未恢复,此现象属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "药物的毒性反应", "B": "药物引起的变态反应", "C": "药物的后遗效应", "D": "停药反应"}, "answer": "药物的毒性反应", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "胰岛素的主要作用是调节(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖代谢", "B": "蛋白质代谢", "C": "脂肪代谢", "D": "维生素代谢"}, "answer": "糖代谢", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "正常小儿前囟门闭合的年龄应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "3~4个月", "B": "1岁左右", "C": "1~1岁半", "D": "2岁半"}, "answer": "1~1岁半", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "结核分技杆菌常用的培养基是(  )。", "options": {"A": "罗氏培养基", "B": "疱肉培养基", "C": "巧克力色培养基", "D": "亚碲酸钾培养基"}, "answer": "罗氏培养基", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不论进行何种心理治疗,治疗者均应遵守下列原则,除外?(  )", "options": {"A": "真诚原则", "B": "耐心原则", "C": "中立与回避原则", "D": "标准化原则"}, "answer": "标准化原则", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者女性,35岁,外伤后患肢垂腕畸形,各指、掌指关节不能伸直,拇指不能伸直,手背桡侧皮肤感觉麻木,考虑哪条神经损伤(  )。", "options": {"A": "尺神经", "B": "桡神经", "C": "正中神经", "D": "肌皮神经"}, "answer": "桡神经", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "支气管扩张病情严重时,最常见的典型体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "奇脉", "B": "双肺布满哮鸣音", "C": "双肺布满湿啰音", "D": "固定而持久的湿啰音"}, "answer": "固定而持久的湿啰音", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列可以参加执业医师资格考试的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "有医学专业本科以上学历,在医疗机构中试用期满2年", "B": "有医学专业本科以上学历,在医疗机构中试用期满1年", "C": "有医学专业本科以上学历,在医疗机构中工作满1年", "D": "有医学专业专科学历,在医疗机构中试用期满1年"}, "answer": "有医学专业本科以上学历,在医疗机构中试用期满1年", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "增殖性肠结核患者不经常出现的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹泻", "B": "腹痛", "C": "腹部包块", "D": "发热"}, "answer": "腹泻", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "左冠脉血流量急剧减少是在(  )。", "options": {"A": "舒张晚期", "B": "等容收缩期", "C": "等容舒张期", "D": "快速射血期"}, "answer": "等容收缩期", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "颅内压增高病人,腰穿放脑脊液后,突然呼吸停止,其原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小脑扁桃体疝", "B": "颅内压过低", "C": "颞叶海马钩回疝", "D": "脑血管意外"}, "answer": "小脑扁桃体疝", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.降糖作用时效最长是(  )。", "options": {"A": "美吡达(格列比嗪)", "B": "糖适平(格列喹酮)", "C": "氯磺丙脲", "D": "格列波脲"}, "answer": "氯磺丙脲", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肝硬化患者,近2周来发热、腹痛,腹水明显增加。腹水检查:淡黄,比重1.017,蛋白35g/L,白细胞0.5×109/L,中性粒细胞为主。最可能并发(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核性腹膜炎", "B": "自发性腹膜炎", "C": "门静脉血栓形成", "D": "腹腔出血"}, "answer": "自发性腹膜炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项为钩端螺旋体病的临床表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "长期持续高热", "B": "发热、头痛、结膜充血、腓肠肌痛", "C": "发热、恶心、呕吐、腹痛", "D": "发热、咳嗽"}, "answer": "发热、头痛、结膜充血、腓肠肌痛", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列药物中,误服(  )应禁忌洗胃。", "options": {"A": "东莨菪碱", "B": "氢氧化钠", "C": "盐酸麻黄碱", "D": "亚硝酸盐类"}, "answer": "氢氧化钠", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "重症肝炎产妇产后出血的常见原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫收缩乏力", "B": "软产道裂伤", "C": "胎盘残留", "D": "凝血功能障碍"}, "answer": "凝血功能障碍", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "处理酒戒断后震颤谵妄不恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "给予安静的环境", "B": "注意保温", "C": "预防感染", "D": "给予小剂量的酒"}, "answer": "给予小剂量的酒", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "8岁小儿,高热4天,查体:急性热病容,咽部及双眼结膜充血,心、肺、腹(-),查外周血WBC4.0×l09/L。最可能的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "柯萨奇病毒", "B": "腺病毒", "C": "鼻病毒", "D": "副流感病毒"}, "answer": "腺病毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "催化dUMP转变dTMP的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "核苷酸激酶", "B": "核苷酸还原酶", "C": "胸苷酸合成酶", "D": "甲基转移酶"}, "answer": "胸苷酸合成酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1岁以内婴儿基础代谢,每日每千克约需(  )。", "options": {"A": "335kJ(80kcal)", "B": "376kJ(66kcal)", "C": "230kJ(55kcal)", "D": "126kJ(30kcal)"}, "answer": "230kJ(55kcal)", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.皮下脂肪瘤常见的肉眼特点(  )。", "options": {"A": "息肉状", "B": "乳头状", "C": "分叶状", "D": "结节状"}, "answer": "分叶状", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,65岁。常规体检发现脾左肋下5cm。化验:Hb 135g/L,WBC 117×109/L,分类中幼粒细胞5%,晚幼粒细胞12%,杆状核细胞22%,分叶中性粒细胞34%,嗜酸性粒细胞5%,嗜碱性粒细胞14%,淋巴细胞14%,PLT 560×109/L,NAP(-)。3.最有效的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脾切除", "B": "阿糖胞苷", "C": "糖皮质激素", "D": "伊马替尼"}, "answer": "伊马替尼", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于肾上腺髓质的叙述,下列叙述不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "节前神经末梢释放乙酰胆碱", "B": "受交感神经节前纤维支配", "C": "神经递质作用于嗜铬细胞上的N型受体", "D": "释放去甲肾上腺素为主"}, "answer": "释放去甲肾上腺素为主", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "入院后8小时,体温上升到40℃,又发生惊厥,在抢救措施中,下列哪一项暂时不需要?(  )", "options": {"A": "保持呼吸道通畅", "B": "气管插管", "C": "吸氧", "D": "肌注或静注安定"}, "answer": "气管插管", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项能使冠状动脉血流量增多?(  )", "options": {"A": "外周阻力减小", "B": "心室舒张期延长", "C": "心室收缩期延长", "D": "心率增加"}, "answer": "心室舒张期延长", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "支气管肺癌病人,近年来出现头面部、颈部和上肢水肿。查体可见颈静脉怒张,其发生是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "上腔静脉阻塞", "B": "下腔静脉阻塞", "C": "癌转移致胸腔大量积液", "D": "以上均有可能"}, "answer": "上腔静脉阻塞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "滋养细胞肿瘤最常见的转移部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺", "B": "肾", "C": "肝", "D": "脑"}, "answer": "肺", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,40岁。低热伴腹痛、腹胀1个月。查体:体形消瘦,腹部略膨隆,触诊呈揉面感,移动性浊音阳性,双下肢无水肿。3.治疗过程中,疗效评价最常用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部X线", "B": "腹部B超", "C": "腹部CT", "D": "胃镜"}, "answer": "腹部B超", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,45岁。乏力、纳差、眼黄、尿黄6天入院,病前2个月外出旅游20多天,多在餐馆用餐及进食生冷食物。实验室检查:ALT 860U/L,AST 620U/L,TBil 260μmol/L,DBil 160μmol/L,PTA 85%。1.未明确诊断,应追问的病史不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "服用损肝药物史", "B": "输血史", "C": "既往肝炎病史", "D": "宠物接触史"}, "answer": "宠物接触史", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.无色的胆色素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆绿素", "B": "胆红素", "C": "粪胆素", "D": "尿胆素原"}, "answer": "尿胆素原", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "28岁初产妇,妊娠41周,阵发性腹痛10小时,宫缩10~15分钟1次,持续30秒,宫口开大3cm。1.出现以上情况最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫收缩节律性异常", "B": "子宫收缩规律性异常", "C": "子宫收缩对称性异常", "D": "子宫缩复作用异常"}, "answer": "子宫收缩节律性异常", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "预防气性坏疽最可靠的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大剂量使用青霉素", "B": "彻底清创", "C": "伤口用3%过氧化氢冲洗", "D": "伤口用1:1000高锰酸钾冲洗"}, "answer": "彻底清创", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "组成人体蛋白质的20种氨基酸,都是(  )。", "options": {"A": "D-α-氨基酸", "B": "D-β-氨基酸", "C": "L-α-氨基酸", "D": "D-α-氨基酸或L-α-氨基酸"}, "answer": "L-α-氨基酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.上述哪项是能引起骨、牙发育障碍的药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "氯霉素", "B": "多西环素", "C": "土霉素", "D": "四环素"}, "answer": "四环素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于闭式胸腔引流的描述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "拔管时在患者深呼气屏气时拔除引流管", "B": "插管部位在腋中线与腋后线之间第6或7肋间隙", "C": "闭式引流要保证胸腔内气液体克服5~6cm的水柱", "D": "每日要观察导管是否通畅与引流的质和量"}, "answer": "每日要观察导管是否通畅与引流的质和量", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.凡发生医疗事故或事件,临床诊断不能明确死亡原因的,病人死亡后对其进行尸检的期限要求是(  )。", "options": {"A": "48h内", "B": "15d内", "C": "30d内", "D": "45d内"}, "answer": "48h内", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肺炎球菌可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "大叶性肺炎", "B": "肺脓肿", "C": "支气管哮喘", "D": "胸膜炎"}, "answer": "大叶性肺炎", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,10岁,右大腿下端疼痛伴高热达39.5℃ 1天,怀疑为急性化脓性骨髓炎。3.若已确定诊断,最合适的处理方法为(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量广谱抗生素", "B": "卧床休息", "C": "输液、注意水电平衡", "D": "静脉注射抗生素+钻孔引流"}, "answer": "静脉注射抗生素+钻孔引流", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "cAMP可以别构激活(  )。", "options": {"A": "磷蛋白磷酸酶", "B": "蛋白激酶", "C": "蛋白酶", "D": "转肽酶"}, "answer": "蛋白激酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女孩,6岁。诊断为单纯型肾病综合征,病程中患儿出现腰痛、尿呈洗肉水样。此时最可能是并发了(  )。", "options": {"A": "泌尿系感染", "B": "肾衰竭", "C": "电解质紊乱", "D": "肾静脉血栓形成"}, "answer": "肾静脉血栓形成", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,35岁,近6年反复痰中带血或大咯血。轻咳,少量黏液痰.无低热。胸片检查示“左下肺纹理增粗、紊乱呈卷发样,余肺清晰”。首先考虑可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大叶性肺炎", "B": "支气管扩张", "C": "肺结核", "D": "肺癌早期"}, "answer": "支气管扩张", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "淋病的诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "必须有尿道口溢脓", "B": "涂片检查阴性即可排除诊断", "C": "细菌培养阳性即可确诊", "D": "必须有非婚性接触史"}, "answer": "细菌培养阳性即可确诊", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿出生后,卵圆孔解剖上关闭的年龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1~2个月", "B": "2~3个月", "C": "3~5个月", "D": "5~7个月"}, "answer": "5~7个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.肠伤寒的溃疡特征为(  )。", "options": {"A": "溃疡呈环形与肠的长轴垂直", "B": "溃疡呈长椭圆形与肠的长轴平行", "C": "溃疡呈烧瓶状口小底大", "D": "溃疡表浅呈地图状"}, "answer": "溃疡呈长椭圆形与肠的长轴平行", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "10个月女婴,单纯母乳喂养,面色渐苍白2个月,烦躁,食欲不佳,不愿活动,肝肋下2cm,脾肋下可触及边缘,Hb 70g/L,RBC 3.6×1012/L,MCV 70fl,MCH 23pg,MCHC 0.29。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "营养性巨幼细胞性贫血", "B": "营养性缺铁性贫血", "C": "再生障碍性贫血", "D": "铁粒幼红细胞性贫血"}, "answer": "营养性缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿腹泻重度脱水,第一天静脉补液总量(ml/kg)为(  )。", "options": {"A": "90~120", "B": "60~90", "C": "150~180", "D": "180~210"}, "answer": "150~180", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "根据研究发现,具有C型人格特征的人易患(  )。", "options": {"A": "恶性肿瘤", "B": "支气管炎", "C": "冠心病", "D": "偏头痛"}, "answer": "恶性肿瘤", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,22岁。腰背痛2年。下腰段及骶髂关节压痛,腰椎活动明显受限,X线片示双侧骶髂关节虫蚀样破坏,脊柱呈“竹节样”改变。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "强直性脊柱炎", "B": "腰椎间盘突出症", "C": "腰椎肿瘤", "D": "化脓性脊柱炎"}, "answer": "强直性脊柱炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对心肌梗死,择期手术的合适时机是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2~3个月,无心绞痛发作", "B": "3~4个月,无心绞痛发作", "C": "5~6个月,无心绞痛发作", "D": "6个月以上,无心绞痛发作"}, "answer": "6个月以上,无心绞痛发作", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一例无主女尸,剖检发现死者两肾体积缩小,重量减轻,各为100g,质地硬、皮质变薄、表面呈颗粒状。肾切片观察,均有细动脉透明变性、肾小球纤维化等改变。此患者生前可能患的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球肾炎", "B": "高血压病", "C": "肾盂肾炎", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "高血压病", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.雷贝拉唑的主要作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "促进胃排空", "B": "抑制胃酸分泌", "C": "粘膜保护作用", "D": "阻断胃泌素受体"}, "answer": "抑制胃酸分泌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "产前诊断胎儿畸形最常用的手段是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎儿心电图", "B": "羊膜腔穿刺羊水检查", "C": "羊膜镜检查", "D": "B超检查"}, "answer": "B超检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性肾衰竭少尿或无尿期最危险的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "水中毒", "B": "血钠、血钙降低", "C": "高血钾", "D": "低钙"}, "answer": "高血钾", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "骨关节结核病人需要手术病灶清除时,应(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即手术", "B": "术前至少抗结核治疗2~4周", "C": "术前5天开始抗结核治疗", "D": "先做手术,然后立即开始抗结核治疗"}, "answer": "术前至少抗结核治疗2~4周", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,35岁,血、尿游离皮质醇增高。皮质醇昼夜节律消失,小剂量地塞米松抑制率40%,大剂量地塞米松抑制率60%。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "异位ACTH综合征", "B": "Meador综合征", "C": "Cushing病(库欣综合征)", "D": "原发性肾上腺皮质腺瘤"}, "answer": "Cushing病(库欣综合征)", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "兴奋-收缩耦联的关键因素是肌浆中哪种离子的浓度升高?(  )", "options": {"A": "Na+", "B": "Ca2+", "C": "Mg2+", "D": "Mn2+"}, "answer": "Ca2+", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,32岁。车祸致左大腿受伤。X线片示坐骨皮质连续性中断。对诊断最有意义的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "瘀斑", "B": "活动受限", "C": "肿胀", "D": "反常活动"}, "answer": "反常活动", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "术后伤口感染的早期临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤口红肿", "B": "伤口疼痛加重", "C": "伤口周围皮温增高", "D": "伤口局部波动感明显"}, "answer": "伤口疼痛加重", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "构成移植物排斥反应的损伤机制中最主要的作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Th产生a-TNF的作用", "B": "NK活化后杀伤的植物", "C": "Tc的细胞毒作用", "D": "活化的Mφ发挥的效应"}, "answer": "Tc的细胞毒作用", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.上述哪项用来鉴定蛋白质?(  )", "options": {"A": "亲和层析", "B": "离子交换层析", "C": "Southern印迹法", "D": "Western印迹法"}, "answer": "Western印迹法", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5岁患儿,8月15日开始发热,伴头痛、恶心、呕吐1次,次日稀便3次,精神不振,抽搐一次。体检:急性热病容,嗜睡状,颈强(+),克氏征(++),血常规检查:白细胞15.0×109/L,脑脊液为无色透明,白细胞数100×106/L,中性80%。2.该患儿住院2d后,高热不退,反复抽搐,意识不清,呼吸节律不规整,双侧瞳孔不等大,此时重要的抢救措施是立即应用(  )。", "options": {"A": "脱水药", "B": "呼吸兴奋药", "C": "地塞米松", "D": "镇静药"}, "answer": "脱水药", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "5.作为医学伦理学基本范畴的权利指(  )。", "options": {"A": "医学关系中的主体在道义上应享有的权力和利益", "B": "医学关系中的主体在道义上应履行的职责和使命", "C": "医学关系中的主体在道义上对周围人、事及自身的内心体验和感受", "D": "医学关系中的主体表现出行为前的周密思考和行为中的谨慎负责"}, "answer": "医学关系中的主体在道义上应享有的权力和利益", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "自身免疫病治疗原则中属于免疫抑制的方法(  )。", "options": {"A": "硫唑嘌呤", "B": "皮质激素", "C": "与自身Ag类似的多肽", "D": "自身Ag偶联毒素导向"}, "answer": "硫唑嘌呤", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,33岁。问他几岁,答“三十三,三月初三,三月桃花开,开花结果给猴吃”。该患者临床症状属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "妄想观念", "B": "强迫观念", "C": "思维奔逸", "D": "思维散漫"}, "answer": "思维奔逸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,64岁。反复发作上腹部疼痛4年,近2天上腹绞痛,伴发热、寒战,皮肤巩膜黄染。1.该患者首选的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B超", "B": "CT", "C": "MRI", "D": "ERCP"}, "answer": "B超", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "出生后什么时间发生新生儿生理性体重下降?(  )", "options": {"A": "第1周", "B": "第2周", "C": "第6周", "D": "第8周"}, "answer": "第1周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男孩,1岁,确诊为先天性甲状腺功能减低症,应用L-甲状腺素钠治疗,剂量为每日50μg。近几天患儿烦躁不安、多汗、腹泻,此时应(  )。", "options": {"A": "先密切观察不作特殊处理", "B": "改用甲状腺干粉片", "C": "立即停药", "D": "减少剂量"}, "answer": "减少剂量", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.增生上皮细胞的形态呈一定程度的异型性,但还不足以诊断为癌(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯癌", "B": "原位癌", "C": "癌珠", "D": "非典型性增生"}, "answer": "非典型性增生", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "情感的特征不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "外显性", "B": "深刻性", "C": "稳定性", "D": "社会性"}, "answer": "外显性", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "tRNA的3'端的序列是(  )。", "options": {"A": "-ACC", "B": "-CCA", "C": "-AAC", "D": "-AAA"}, "answer": "-CCA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.属于糖异生的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶", "B": "苹果酸脱氢酶", "C": "丙酮酸脱氢酶", "D": "葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶"}, "answer": "葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "如果免疫应答过于强烈,会导致(  )。", "options": {"A": "过敏性疾病", "B": "肿瘤", "C": "严重感染", "D": "消除病原微生物"}, "answer": "过敏性疾病", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于炎症的叙述,下述哪一项是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "任何机体都会发生炎症", "B": "炎症反应不会损伤机体", "C": "任何损伤必然会引起炎症", "D": "炎症是一种损伤后防御性反应"}, "answer": "炎症是一种损伤后防御性反应", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在断肢(指)再植手术的原则和程序中,下列哪项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "首先应吻合动、静脉,以迅速恢复血循环", "B": "缺血时间较长,可用肝素生理盐水灌注断肢(指)血管床", "C": "缩短和固定骨骼以恢复其支架作用", "D": "一般应先吻合一根静脉,然后吻合一根动脉"}, "answer": "首先应吻合动、静脉,以迅速恢复血循环", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "大量饮清水后引起尿量增多的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗利尿激素分泌减少", "B": "肾小球滤过率增大", "C": "动脉血压升高", "D": "近球小管渗透压增高"}, "answer": "抗利尿激素分泌减少", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "抗原呈递细胞不包括下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "单核巨噬细胞", "B": "B细胞", "C": "内皮细胞", "D": "粒细胞"}, "answer": "粒细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,38岁。发热、皮疹、脱发和口腔溃疡6个月。查体:T 39.0℃,面部有充血性红斑,双手近端指间关节压痛,轻度肿胀,双下肢凹陷性水肿。实验室检查:尿蛋白(+++),尿红细胞(+++),24小时尿蛋白3.8g,血PLT 88×109/L,ANA 1:640,抗SSA抗体(+),抗双链DNA抗体(+),补体C3低下。1.不能提示患者疾病处于活动期的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "补体C3低下", "B": "尿蛋白(+++)", "C": "血小板减少", "D": "抗SSA抗体(+)"}, "answer": "抗SSA抗体(+)", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿3岁,因发热,头痛,呕吐3天伴强直性抽搐2次入院。体检:意识模糊,营养差,颈抵抗阳性,右侧鼻唇沟较浅,右眼闭合不全,心肺腹未见异常,Kernig征、Barbinski征阳性,脑脊液蛋白0.8g/L,糖2.24mmol/L(400mg/100ml),氯化物100mmol/L(585mg/dl),白细胞60×106/L(60/mm3),多核细胞45%,单核细胞55%。6.治疗宜采取(  )。", "options": {"A": "3%氯化钠静滴", "B": "10%葡萄糖酸钙静滴", "C": "25%硫酸镁深部肌注", "D": "10%葡萄糖静滴"}, "answer": "3%氯化钠静滴", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "慢性阻塞性肺气肿的发生主要由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管腺体肥大增生、上皮杯状细胞增多", "B": "肺组织高度纤维化", "C": "细支气管壁及肺泡间隔破坏、弹性减弱", "D": "急、慢性细支气管炎"}, "answer": "细支气管壁及肺泡间隔破坏、弹性减弱", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,48岁,胸闷不适半年,近来出现进行性四肢无力。胸部X线片发现右前上纵隔阴影。1.该患者首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸腺瘤", "B": "神经源性肿瘤", "C": "胸内甲状腺", "D": "支气管囊肿"}, "answer": "胸腺瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "学龄期的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "容易发生先天畸形", "B": "生长发育最快", "C": "容易出现意外伤害", "D": "除生殖系统外各系统发育都已经接近成人"}, "answer": "除生殖系统外各系统发育都已经接近成人", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "维系蛋白质二级结构稳定的主要化学键是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氢键", "B": "疏水作用", "C": "肽键", "D": "二硫键"}, "answer": "氢键", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "16岁男患,洗浴时无意中触及右膝下内侧硬性突起,无疼痛,膝关节运动正常。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨软骨瘤", "B": "骨巨细胞瘤", "C": "骨囊肿", "D": "骨化性肌炎"}, "answer": "骨软骨瘤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "重度营养不良的孩子突然发生面色苍白,神志不清,呼吸暂停,应首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "低钙血症", "B": "低血糖症", "C": "呼吸衰竭", "D": "低钠血症"}, "answer": "低血糖症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于急性胰腺炎患者淀粉酶测定,下列各项中不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血淀粉酶在起病后6~12小时开始升高", "B": "尿淀粉酶升高比血淀粉酶晚", "C": "尿淀粉酶持续7~14天", "D": "淀粉酶的高低反映病情的轻重"}, "answer": "淀粉酶的高低反映病情的轻重", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,50岁。确诊为急性胰腺炎,内科正规治疗2周后体温仍在38~39℃,左上腹部压痛明显,尿淀粉酶256U(Winslow法),血白细胞16×109/L,可能性最大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "并发胰腺假性囊肿", "B": "并发胰腺脓肿", "C": "病情迁延未愈", "D": "合并急性胆囊炎"}, "answer": "并发胰腺脓肿", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "轻度精神发育迟滞的智商值为(  )。", "options": {"A": "30~49", "B": "55~70", "C": "20~34", "D": "75~89"}, "answer": "55~70", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于二尖瓣关闭不全患者早期病理生理改变的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左心室压力负荷增加", "B": "左心室容量负荷增加", "C": "肺静脉压力负荷增加", "D": "肺静脉容量负荷增加"}, "answer": "左心室容量负荷增加", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "兴奋神经—肌肉接头时,乙酰胆碱与受体结合使终板膜(  )。", "options": {"A": "对Na+、K+通透性增加,发生超极化", "B": "对Na+、K+通透性增加,发生去极化", "C": "仅对K+通透性增加,发生超极化", "D": "对乙酰胆碱通透性增加,发生超极化"}, "answer": "对Na+、K+通透性增加,发生去极化", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪一项检查对诊断慢性粒细胞白血病急性变有意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "原化疗方案无效", "B": "体重下降,脾脏急剧肿大", "C": "胸骨骨痛剧烈", "D": "骨髓中原粒细胞>30%"}, "answer": "骨髓中原粒细胞>30%", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "既能抑制甲状腺素合成,又能抑制外周组织中T4变为T3,还能抑制免疫球蛋白生成的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲巯咪唑", "B": "丙硫氧嘧啶", "C": "卡比马唑", "D": "普萘洛尔"}, "answer": "丙硫氧嘧啶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述不是溃疡性结肠炎常见并发症的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直肠结肠出血", "B": "癌变", "C": "多发性瘘管", "D": "急性肠穿孔"}, "answer": "多发性瘘管", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.NH3由肌肉向肝中运输是通过(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲硫氨酸循环", "B": "γ-谷氨酰基循环", "C": "鸟氨酸循环", "D": "丙氨酸.葡萄糖循环"}, "answer": "丙氨酸.葡萄糖循环", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,50岁。20年前曾患肝炎,近几天劳累,今晚进食后突然大量咯血,有暗红色血块。体检:脉搏100次/分,血压11.2/8.5kPa(84/64mmHg),腹部稍膨隆,肝未触及,脾在肋下两指,移动性浊音(+)。诊断首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "应激性溃疡", "B": "胃癌出血", "C": "食管、胃底曲张静脉破裂出血", "D": "肝脏出血"}, "answer": "食管、胃底曲张静脉破裂出血", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.伯氏疏螺旋体的传播媒介(  )。", "options": {"A": "蜱", "B": "蚤", "C": "虱", "D": "螨"}, "answer": "蜱", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "慢性支气管炎患者咳痰多的病变基础是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上皮的鳞状化生", "B": "黏膜充血水肿", "C": "腺体增生、肥大,浆液腺黏液化生", "D": "管壁各层大量炎细胞浸润"}, "answer": "腺体增生、肥大,浆液腺黏液化生", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.属于医疗保健机构提供婚前卫生指导的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "性卫生知识教育", "B": "遗传病诊察", "C": "传染病诊察", "D": "对生育保健提供医学意见"}, "answer": "性卫生知识教育", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,40岁。发热、头痛2天。1周前到南方地区参加抗涝救灾。查体:T 39℃,皮肤黄染,双下肢可见少许出血点,结膜充血,肝肋下2cm,压痛阴性,脾肋下未触及,腓肠肌压痛明显。血常规:WBC 15.0×109/L,N 0.88,Hb 100g/L,PLT 220×109/L。ALT 215U/L,AST 120U/L,TBil 106μmol/L。尿常规:尿蛋白(++)。尿沉渣镜检:WBC(+),RBC(++)。最可能感染的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "EB病毒", "B": "新布尼亚病毒", "C": "钩端螺旋体", "D": "汉坦病毒"}, "answer": "钩端螺旋体", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于胃大部切除术的描述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "毕Ⅱ式手术术后并发症较毕Ⅰ式多", "B": "十二指肠溃疡首选毕Ⅰ式手术", "C": "胃溃疡首选毕Ⅱ式手术", "D": "对于手术中发现无法切除的十二指肠溃疡,可旷置溃疡行毕Ⅰ式手术"}, "answer": "毕Ⅱ式手术术后并发症较毕Ⅰ式多", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,32岁。间歇出现颜面及下肢水肿已经5年,伴乏力、头痛。血压180/110mmHg,Hb 70g/L,尿蛋白(++),尿红细胞6~10/HP。1.为明确诊断,对患者应该首选的检查项目是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血K+、Cl-、Na+、Ca2+", "B": "血BUN、Cr", "C": "CT", "D": "肾活检"}, "answer": "肾活检", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某一细胞群体杀伤肿瘤细胞机制为通过其Ag受体识别肿瘤细胞特异Ag,在Th辅助下直接杀伤肿瘤细胞;该细胞活化后,分泌γ-IFN,β-TNF等细胞因子间接杀伤肿瘤细胞。该细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "NK", "B": "Mφ", "C": "Tc", "D": "TIL"}, "answer": "Tc", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "新生儿期苯丙酮尿症诊断的主要依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生后即有智力低下和生长发育落后", "B": "皮肤白皙,发黄,尿霉臭味", "C": "Gutharie细菌生长抑制试验阳性", "D": "2,4-二硝基苯肼试剂检测尿α-酮酸"}, "answer": "Gutharie细菌生长抑制试验阳性", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,36岁,突发上腹痛10小时。开腹探查见十二指肠球部前壁溃疡穿孔。腹腔内大量食物残渣,胃十二指肠水肿。应选择的手术(  )。", "options": {"A": "Roux-en-Y式胃肠吻合", "B": "单纯穿孔修补", "C": "毕Ⅰ式", "D": "毕Ⅱ式"}, "answer": "单纯穿孔修补", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "阴道自净作用主要得益于(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳酸杆菌将单糖转化为乳酸,抑制其他病原菌生长", "B": "巨噬细胞吞噬病原体", "C": "阴道局部补体、细胞因子等体液免疫防御功能", "D": "棒状杆菌产生抗微生物因子可抑制或杀灭其他细菌"}, "answer": "乳酸杆菌将单糖转化为乳酸,抑制其他病原菌生长", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性青年,因车祸致胫腓骨中上1/3处开放性粉碎性骨折,行清创术,摘除所有的粉碎的骨片,术后长腿石膏管型固定4个月后,骨折仍未愈合,其最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤肢固定不确切", "B": "清创时摘除了过多的碎骨片", "C": "功能锻炼不够", "D": "未做内固定"}, "answer": "清创时摘除了过多的碎骨片", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,22岁,剧烈活动时突发心悸1小时。既往体健,BP 90/60mmHg,心电图示心室率220次/分,节律较规律,QRS波群时限0.16秒,可见心室夺获和室性融合波,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "室性心动过速", "B": "心房扑动", "C": "窦性心动过速", "D": "阵发性室上性心动过速"}, "answer": "室性心动过速", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "病理反射出现常提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "锥体束受累", "B": "脊髓前角细胞受累", "C": "脑干运动性脑神经核受累", "D": "脊髓后角细胞受累"}, "answer": "锥体束受累", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "脑疝常见的类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小脑幕切迹疝", "B": "小脑幕切迹上疝", "C": "大脑镰下疝", "D": "穿颅疝"}, "answer": "小脑幕切迹疝", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.亲友互助献血,在输血科填写登记表后应如何?(  )", "options": {"A": "到血站或卫生行政部门批准的采血点无偿献血", "B": "到血站或卫生行政部门批准的采血点卖血", "C": "输血科负责采血和贮血", "D": "护士负责采血和贮血"}, "answer": "到血站或卫生行政部门批准的采血点无偿献血", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,53岁,10年前出现情绪低落与情感高涨交替出现,情绪低落时表现为早醒、闷闷不乐、不思饮食,对事物失去兴趣,足不出户,轻生念头明显,持续2~3个月后,突然转为话多、兴奋、整日忙忙碌碌、四处购物、爱交际、自感精力充沛,才智过人,持续1月后,再次转为情绪低落,如此反复。体检及神经系统无异常。2.如果病人处于抑郁发作期,其适宜的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "地西泮", "B": "阿米替林", "C": "阿米替林及适量碳酸锂", "D": "碳酸锂"}, "answer": "阿米替林及适量碳酸锂", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,59岁。进行性记忆力下降6个月,怀疑有人偷自己的东西,认为爱人对自己不忠诚,常与邻居发生争执,有时尾随年轻女性,行为幼稚,任性、家人无法管理而住院治疗,既往无脑血管病史,生命征及神经系统检查正常。3.【假设信息】该患者在住院期间,突然出现大量丰富的幻觉,这时对症处理应选用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丁螺环酮", "B": "阿普唑仑", "C": "利培酮", "D": "曲唑酮"}, "answer": "利培酮", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,32岁。大量呕吐、腹泻、少尿1天。查体:T 36.5℃,P 110次/分,R 24次/分,BP 85/55mmHg,体重70kg,脉搏细速,双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿啰音,心率110次/分,心律齐,腹软,无压痛。估计液体丢失量至少是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2100ml", "B": "4200ml", "C": "2800ml", "D": "3500ml"}, "answer": "2800ml", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "风湿性疾病的概念是(  )。", "options": {"A": "风湿性关节炎", "B": "类风湿性关节炎", "C": "风湿热", "D": "累及关节及软组织的一大类病因不同的疾病"}, "answer": "累及关节及软组织的一大类病因不同的疾病", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.遗传信息的主要载体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "DNA", "B": "mRNA", "C": "tRNA", "D": "蛋白质"}, "answer": "DNA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "颈椎压缩骨折合并脱位最先选择的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "手法复位,石膏固定", "B": "颌枕带牵引", "C": "颅骨牵引", "D": "切开复法"}, "answer": "颅骨牵引", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "抢救休克型中毒性细菌性痢疾,不恰当的措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "使用血管活性药物", "B": "脱水", "C": "扩容", "D": "使用抗生素"}, "answer": "脱水", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新生儿败血症最常见的病原菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "绿脓杆菌", "B": "链球菌", "C": "念珠菌", "D": "葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.用来鉴定DNA的技术是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Northern印迹杂交", "B": "亲和层析", "C": "Southern印迹杂交", "D": "离子交换层析"}, "answer": "Southern印迹杂交", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某医疗机构在成立的时候,相关人员到卫生行政部门进行医疗机构进行了执业登记,登记的主要事项不应该包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "名称、地址", "B": "主要负责人", "C": "管理机构设置", "D": "诊疗科目、床位"}, "answer": "管理机构设置", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,39岁。呕血、黑便1天。既往肝炎病史20年。查体:贫血貌,巩膜轻度黄染,腹膨隆,脾肋下8cm,腹水征(+)。需要立即实施的措施中不包括的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉滴注血管加压素", "B": "静脉滴注生长抑素", "C": "急诊胃镜检查、止血", "D": "开腹探查止血"}, "answer": "开腹探查止血", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有机磷农药中毒所致的呼吸肌麻痹用(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿托品", "B": "新斯的明", "C": "尼可刹米", "D": "解磷定"}, "answer": "解磷定", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.弥漫性细支气管肺泡癌的典型痰液是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量白色泡沫状痰", "B": "大量脓性痰,有分层", "C": "大量粉红色泡沫痰", "D": "痰中带血丝"}, "answer": "大量白色泡沫状痰", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在类风湿性关节炎的临床特征中,下列不符合的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "远端指间关节肿痛", "B": "四肢关节对称性肿痛", "C": "掌指关节肿痛", "D": "腕关节肿痛"}, "answer": "远端指间关节肿痛", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "Horner征表现不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "瞳孔缩小", "B": "眼裂狭小", "C": "眼球内陷", "D": "瞳孔对光反应消失"}, "answer": "瞳孔对光反应消失", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.属于抗凝异常的实验室检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血vWF测定", "B": "PF3有效性测定", "C": "血PC测定", "D": "血D-二聚体测定"}, "answer": "血PC测定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于核酸分子杂交的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "核酸分子杂交基于核酸的变性和复性的特性", "B": "DNA也可与RNA杂交", "C": "RNA也可与多肽链杂交", "D": "杂交技术可用于核酸结构和功能的研究"}, "answer": "RNA也可与多肽链杂交", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,35岁,高血压2年,半年来多饮、多尿,反复手足搐搦。1.下列检查中最有意义的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血糖", "B": "血钾", "C": "血氯", "D": "血BUN"}, "answer": "血钾", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "艾滋病病毒主要侵害人体细胞中的(  )。", "options": {"A": "中性粒细胞", "B": "B淋巴细胞", "C": "辅助性T细胞", "D": "巨噬细胞"}, "answer": "辅助性T细胞", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "膀胱结石患者典型的排尿症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "排尿疼痛", "B": "尿频、尿急、尿痛", "C": "血尿", "D": "排尿突然中断"}, "answer": "排尿突然中断", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,24岁,临床诊断糖尿病1型,给予胰岛素治疗,病人经常于清晨3~4点出现手抖,大汗,饥饿感,空腹血糖11mmol/L,尿糖(++++),尿酮体(++++),夜间尿糖阴性,应采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "减少晚餐的热量", "B": "增加睡前中效胰岛素的用量", "C": "减少睡前胰岛素用量", "D": "后夜加餐"}, "answer": "增加睡前中效胰岛素的用量", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一患儿,腹部剧烈疼痛,伴恶心呕吐,以急腹症入院,术中见肠套叠,肠管暗红,表面无光泽,该处可见纤维素样物附着,该肠管可能发生下列哪种病变?(  )", "options": {"A": "静脉淤血", "B": "肠管梗死", "C": "急性肠炎", "D": "肠腔化脓"}, "answer": "肠管梗死", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "幽门梗阻的典型特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "剧烈上腹痛", "B": "呕吐宿食", "C": "停止排便排气", "D": "吐血"}, "answer": "呕吐宿食", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,8岁,近1周乏力、身体不适、咳嗽剧烈、微热,近3天胸痛及头痛,咳嗽加重,影响睡眠,肺部听诊仅在肺下部局限性呼吸音减低。X线示右肺下部呈云雾状浸润影。此患儿最应考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "B": "急性支气管肺炎", "C": "支原体肺炎", "D": "毛细支气管肺炎"}, "answer": "支原体肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一侧颈内动脉闭塞,可无临床症状,主要是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "对侧颈内动脉未闭塞", "B": "同侧颈外动脉未闭塞", "C": "正常脑底动脉环可迅速建立侧支循环", "D": "双侧椎动脉未闭塞"}, "answer": "正常脑底动脉环可迅速建立侧支循环", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪种是活疫苗(  )。", "options": {"A": "鼠疫菌苗", "B": "伤寒菌苗", "C": "百日咳菌苗", "D": "森林脑炎疫苗"}, "answer": "鼠疫菌苗", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,30岁。车祸2小时后来院,一般情况尚好,右小腿中上段皮裂伤14cm,软组织挫伤较重,胫骨骨折端有外露,出血不多。2.在进行X线片检查前,应该进行的处理(  )。", "options": {"A": "行简单的外固定及局部包扎", "B": "行气压止血带止血", "C": "石膏固定", "D": "跟骨结节牵引"}, "answer": "行简单的外固定及局部包扎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "慢性支气管炎早期最可能发生的肺功能改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "第一秒用力呼气量降低", "B": "总肺活量升高", "C": "用力呼气量降低", "D": "小气道功能异常"}, "answer": "小气道功能异常", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.喉上神经损伤引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "面肌、手足抽搐", "B": "声嘶,严重者失音、呼吸困难", "C": "音调降低或饮水时呛咳", "D": "呼吸困难、烦躁、发绀,甚至窒息"}, "answer": "音调降低或饮水时呛咳", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,45岁,双手和膝关节肿痛伴晨僵1年。查体:肘部可及皮下结节,质硬,无触痛。2.哪项最有助于确定诊断?(  )", "options": {"A": "关节影像检查", "B": "滑液检查", "C": "ESR", "D": "CRP"}, "answer": "关节影像检查", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,46岁,3个月前因胆石症在当地医院行胆总管十二指肠吻合,1天前突然出现右上腹痛、寒战、高热,呕血约1000ml,入院后立即输血,当输血10ml时,突然心前区出现压迫感,腰背部酸痛并出现血红蛋白尿,血压70/50mmHg(9.33/6.67kPa)。1.该病人可能发生(  )。", "options": {"A": "循环超负荷", "B": "变态反应", "C": "溶血反应", "D": "细菌污染反应"}, "answer": "溶血反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "中心静脉压的高低取决于下列因素中的哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "血管容量和血量", "B": "心脏射血能力和静脉回心血量之间的相互关系", "C": "心脏射血能力和外周阻力", "D": "外周静脉压"}, "answer": "心脏射血能力和静脉回心血量之间的相互关系", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于患者的道德权利,下述说法中错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人人都有享有基本医疗保健的权利", "B": "患者在认为自己受到伤害时有提起诉讼的权利", "C": "医生在任何情况下需要尊重病人要求保密的权利", "D": "有自主能力的病人享有充分的知情同意的权利"}, "answer": "医生在任何情况下需要尊重病人要求保密的权利", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "高血压脑内出血的手术适应证不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "浅部出血如小脑、皮层下及壳核优先考虑", "B": "大脑半球出血量>30mL,小脑半球出血量>10mL", "C": "有血肿,但神志清楚,病情无进行性恶化", "D": "全身无系统性疾病,能耐受手术者"}, "answer": "有血肿,但神志清楚,病情无进行性恶化", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.亮氨酸是(  )。", "options": {"A": "酸性氨基酸", "B": "支链氨基酸", "C": "芳香族氨基酸", "D": "含硫氨基酸"}, "answer": "支链氨基酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.中和病毒作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "C3A", "B": "C3bBb", "C": "C2a", "D": "C3b"}, "answer": "C3A", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列关于甲亢术前的药物准备,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "普萘洛尔不能与碘剂合用", "B": "硫脲类药物和碘剂不能合并应用", "C": "服用硫脲类药物控制甲亢症状后再进行手术", "D": "使用碘剂2~3周后,甲亢症状基本控制便可进行手术"}, "answer": "使用碘剂2~3周后,甲亢症状基本控制便可进行手术", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,38岁。会阴部骑跨伤,受伤后尿道外口滴血,会阴部和阴囊处肿胀、瘀斑及蝶形血肿。1.该患者泌尿系损伤的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿道球部", "B": "膀胱", "C": "尿道前列腺部", "D": "尿道膜部"}, "answer": "尿道球部", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在血小板的聚集中起重要作用的物质为下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "纤维蛋白原", "B": "Ca2+", "C": "ADP与血栓素A2", "D": "花生四烯酸"}, "answer": "ADP与血栓素A2", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "未取得国家颁发的有关合格证书的,有下述行为的,县级以上地方人民政府卫生行政部门应当予以制止,并可根据情节给予警告或者处以罚款(  )。", "options": {"A": "从事孕产期保健服务的", "B": "母婴保健指导", "C": "施行结扎手术的", "D": "从事婚前医学检查、遗传病诊断、产前诊断或者医学技术鉴定的"}, "answer": "从事婚前医学检查、遗传病诊断、产前诊断或者医学技术鉴定的", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "左侧偏瘫,右侧展神经和右侧面神经麻痹,病灶在(  )。", "options": {"A": "左中脑", "B": "右脑桥", "C": "右延髓", "D": "左延髓"}, "answer": "右脑桥", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.由自身抗体诱导的Ⅱ型超敏反应引起的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管哮喘", "B": "荨麻疹", "C": "溶血性贫血", "D": "血清病"}, "answer": "溶血性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为隐匿性抑郁症的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "以躯体诉述为主", "B": "以思维贫乏为主", "C": "以行为迟滞为主", "D": "以记忆障碍为主"}, "answer": "以躯体诉述为主", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.Ⅰ型新月体肾炎伴肺出血首选的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "休息和对症处理", "B": "泼尼松联合环磷酰胺", "C": "血浆置换", "D": "单独使用环孢素"}, "answer": "血浆置换", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.催化DNA中相邻的5′磷酸基和3′羟基形成磷酸二酯键的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "端粒酶", "B": "末端转移酶", "C": "甲基转移酶", "D": "连接酶"}, "answer": "连接酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "正常儿,身高90cm、体重14kg,乳牙20个,腕骨骨化中心4个,能说短歌谣,不会穿鞋,其最可能年龄为(  )。", "options": {"A": "18个月", "B": "12个月", "C": "3岁", "D": "4岁"}, "answer": "3岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,72岁,银行职员,高中文化,3年前开始记忆力下降,逐渐加重,刚吃完饭就忘记,说没吃饭,记不住孙子的名字,把子女错认为别人,远记忆力尚可,经常吵闹要回原来家,有时焦虑,简单计算均可,复杂计算力差,在家乱翻东西,自己存折忘记放在什么地方,找不到认为被女儿偷去,躯体及神经系统检查无明显异常。1.该患者做哪项检查最具有诊断意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "头部CT", "B": "CSF", "C": "脑电图", "D": "智商测定"}, "answer": "头部CT", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,64岁。30年前曾患右上肺结核,经INH、SM和PAS治疗约1年。5年前病灶复发,痰结核杆菌(++),应用2HRZ/4HR治疗,痰菌转阴。病灶吸收满意。近1个月咳嗽、血痰再次就诊。X线示右上肺前段阻塞性炎症,支气管分层摄影见前段支气管阻塞。痰脱落细胞和抗酸杆菌均阴性,痰培养有白色念珠菌生长。重度吸烟史30余年,近年来上二楼稍感气急。3.上述检查确立诊断后,下列哪项检查对治疗选择具有决定性意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "肝功能", "B": "心电图", "C": "肺功能", "D": "痰结核杆菌培养"}, "answer": "肺功能", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.县级以上地方人民政府(  )。", "options": {"A": "医疗废物集中无害化处置", "B": "负责组织建设医疗废物集中处置设施", "C": "对医疗废物收集、运送、贮存、处置活动中的疾病防治工作实施统一监督管理", "D": "在各自的职责范围内负责与医疗废物处置有关的监督管理工作"}, "answer": "负责组织建设医疗废物集中处置设施", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.肩关节脱位(  )。", "options": {"A": "下肢短缩、外旋畸形", "B": "腕下垂", "C": "下肢短缩、内旋、内收畸形", "D": "Dugas征阳性"}, "answer": "Dugas征阳性", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1岁患儿,母乳喂养未添加辅食。体检:虚胖,毛发稀黄,面色苍黄,肝肋下3cm,脾肋下1.5cm,表情呆滞,智力发育落后,肢体震颤,踝阵挛阳性。3.此患儿最不可能出现的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Hb 86g/L", "B": "RBC 2.2×1012/L", "C": "WBC 3.5×109/L", "D": "网织红细胞数10%"}, "answer": "网织红细胞数10%", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.胃十二指肠溃疡手术的绝对适应证是(  )。", "options": {"A": "瘢痕性幽门梗阻", "B": "胃十二指肠溃疡大出血", "C": "胃十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔", "D": "十二指肠溃疡并球部变形"}, "answer": "瘢痕性幽门梗阻", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,60岁,被诊断为狭窄性腱鞘炎,则下述哪种临床表现或特点该患者最不可能出现?(  )", "options": {"A": "弹响指", "B": "弹响拇", "C": "Mills试验阳性", "D": "Finkelstein试验阳性"}, "answer": "Mills试验阳性", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "骨折愈合过程中,属于血肿机化演进期表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多出现软骨内化骨", "B": "出现无菌性炎症反应", "C": "可形成环状骨痂、髓内骨痂", "D": "可形成内骨痂、外骨痂"}, "answer": "出现无菌性炎症反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "钩端螺旋体病病原治疗的首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "庆大霉素", "B": "青霉素", "C": "四环素", "D": "链霉素"}, "answer": "青霉素", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.需要在理解的基础上识记属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "有意识记", "B": "意义识记", "C": "联想识记", "D": "机械识记"}, "answer": "意义识记", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.颅内肿瘤的诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线颅片", "B": "脑电图", "C": "CT", "D": "MRI"}, "answer": "CT", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩,10岁。左膝外伤后当晚出现寒战、高热,短暂谵妄。查体:T 39.6℃,左膝局部肿胀、疼痛明显,浮髌试验阳性。实验室检查:血WBC 14.0×109/L,N 0.85,ESR 75mm/h。X线检查未见明显异常。首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "类风湿关节炎", "B": "急性骨髓炎", "C": "关节结核", "D": "急性化脓膝关节炎"}, "answer": "急性化脓膝关节炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "引起Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭最常见的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性支气管炎", "B": "肺癌", "C": "膈肌麻痹", "D": "ARDS"}, "answer": "ARDS", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "卵巢动、静脉通过的韧带是(  )。", "options": {"A": "圆韧带", "B": "宫骶韧带", "C": "阔韧带", "D": "骨盆漏斗韧带"}, "answer": "骨盆漏斗韧带", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有一名外伤性颅内血肿病人,右侧瞳孔散大,首选哪项紧急处置?(  )", "options": {"A": "气管切开防止脑乏氧", "B": "快速静脉点滴甘露醇", "C": "尽快钻孔探查血肿", "D": "脑室穿刺放脑脊液"}, "answer": "快速静脉点滴甘露醇", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,70岁,间断上腹痛20余年,2月来加重伴饱胀,体重下降60kg,Hb 90g/L,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性肝炎", "B": "胃癌", "C": "消化性溃疡", "D": "功能性消化不良"}, "answer": "胃癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新生儿黄疸的治疗重点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "降低胆红素,防止核黄疸的发生", "B": "控制感染", "C": "对症治疗", "D": "光照疗法"}, "answer": "降低胆红素,防止核黄疸的发生", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,50岁。颈后肿痛5天,疼痛逐渐加重,伴畏寒、发热。有糖尿病史10年。查体:颈后红肿,范围约5cm,边界不清,中央多个脓点。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈部丹毒", "B": "颈部痈", "C": "颈部疖", "D": "蜂窝织炎"}, "answer": "颈部痈", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列传染病中属乙类传染病的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鼠疫", "B": "肺结核", "C": "艾滋病", "D": "日本血吸虫病"}, "answer": "艾滋病", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪种心电图改变有助于确诊低钾血症?(  )", "options": {"A": "T波低平、倒置", "B": "U波", "C": "ST段压低", "D": "T波双向"}, "answer": "U波", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "癫痫(  )。", "options": {"A": "用增强多巴胺活性的药物", "B": "用抑制胆碱能活性药物", "C": "用丙戊酸钠或卡马西平", "D": "用抑制胆碱能活性药物和增强多巴胺活性的药物"}, "answer": "用丙戊酸钠或卡马西平", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "确定直肠癌能否保留肛门的重要因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肿瘤下缘距齿状线距离", "B": "肿瘤浸润直肠壁的深度", "C": "是否合并直肠周围淋巴结转移", "D": "肿瘤浸润直肠壁的深度"}, "answer": "肿瘤下缘距齿状线距离", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "诊断早孕的最可靠的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "基础体温测定", "B": "尿妊娠试验", "C": "B超检查", "D": "阴道脱落细胞学检查"}, "answer": "B超检查", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "DNA的合成原料是(  )。", "options": {"A": "dNMP", "B": "dNDP", "C": "dNTP", "D": "NMP"}, "answer": "dNTP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "8岁女孩,发热1周,体温38.5℃,伴频繁咳嗽,胸痛。查体:一般情况可,双肺未闻干湿啰音,肺部X线片示两下肺云雾状阴影。2.首选的药物治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素", "B": "链霉素", "C": "红霉素", "D": "无环鸟苷"}, "answer": "红霉素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列临床表现与急性肾小球肾炎不符合的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "链球菌感染后2周出现血尿、蛋白尿", "B": "病程中出现补体C3下降", "C": "高血压持续2个月以上", "D": "可并发心力衰竭"}, "answer": "高血压持续2个月以上", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,25岁,妊娠26周。颈部增粗伴憋气1个月。查体:P 100次/分,BP 100/70mmHg。甲状腺Ⅲ度肿大,气管左偏。实验室检查:T3、T4高于正常。首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服甲状腺素片", "B": "同位素131I治疗", "C": "外放射治疗", "D": "手术治疗"}, "answer": "手术治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肾小管对H+分泌增加不会导致(  )。", "options": {"A": "Na+吸收增加", "B": "NH3分泌增加", "C": "K+分泌增加", "D": "水排出增加"}, "answer": "K+分泌增加", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "伯氏疏螺旋体主要引起哪一种疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "回归热", "B": "莱姆病", "C": "波浪热", "D": "钩体病"}, "answer": "莱姆病", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "抑郁症的情感障碍特点为(  )。", "options": {"A": "焦虑", "B": "情感低落", "C": "情感脆弱", "D": "情感倒错"}, "answer": "情感低落", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,70岁,因观看足球比赛突然晕倒而入院治疗。查体发现左侧上、下肢瘫痪,腱反射亢进,左侧眼裂以下面瘫,伸舌时舌尖偏向左侧。左半身深、浅感觉消失。双眼左侧半视野缺失,瞳孔对光反射存在。考虑病变位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "右侧中央前回", "B": "左侧内囊", "C": "右侧内囊", "D": "右侧中央后回"}, "answer": "右侧内囊", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "6个月女孩,7月中旬,因吐、泻3天入院。大便10~15次/日,呈蛋花汤样,有腥臭气味,尿量极少,前囟、眼窝凹陷,皮肤弹性极差,脉细弱,四肢厥冷,大便偶见白细胞,血清钠125mmol/L。3.正确的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即给予止泻剂", "B": "肌注抑制肠蠕动剂", "C": "静脉滴注青霉素", "D": "静脉补液纠正脱水"}, "answer": "静脉补液纠正脱水", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2岁男童股骨干中部移位骨折,最好选用哪种疗法?(  )", "options": {"A": "下肢水平皮牵引", "B": "石膏绷带固定", "C": "垂直悬吊皮牵引", "D": "胫骨结节牵引"}, "answer": "垂直悬吊皮牵引", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,28岁,孕2个月,近1个月心悸、多汗、易饥、体重下降。轻度突眼,甲状腺Ⅱ度肿大,质软,无震颤,未闻血管杂音。心、肺、腹(-)。2.如病人要求手术治疗,应选择以下方案(  )。", "options": {"A": "先用PTU控制病情,至心率<100次/分,FT3、FT4正常,于妊娠3~6个月手术", "B": "先用MTU控制病情,至心率<100次/分,FT3、FT4正常,于妊娠2~5个月手术", "C": "先用PTU控制病情,至心率<80次/分,FT3、FT4正常,于妊娠4~6个月手术", "D": "先用他巴唑控制病情,至心率<80次/分, FT3、FT4正常,于妊娠4~6个月手术"}, "answer": "先用PTU控制病情,至心率<80次/分,FT3、FT4正常,于妊娠4~6个月手术", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "6岁女孩,高热,咽痛,眼部刺痛。查体:咽部充血,一侧眼球结膜炎,可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "咽-结合膜热", "B": "红眼病", "C": "川崎病", "D": "疱疹性咽峡炎"}, "answer": "咽-结合膜热", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.临床最常见的子宫肌瘤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阔韧带肌瘤", "B": "黏膜下肌瘤", "C": "宫颈肌瘤", "D": "肌壁间肌瘤"}, "answer": "肌壁间肌瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项不是促胃液素的生理作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "促进胃运动", "B": "刺激胃酸分泌", "C": "刺激胰酶分泌", "D": "促进唾液分泌"}, "answer": "促进唾液分泌", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "中年女性,患糖尿病多年,现饮食控制并服用格列本脲治疗中,糖尿病控制良好。近日受凉后出现高热、咳嗽,X线证实为肺内炎症,尿糖(+++),住院治疗。除按照肺炎常规处理外,对糖尿病治疗调整,恰当的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "加大格列苯脲用量", "B": "改用甲福明(二甲双胍)", "C": "格列苯脲+甲福明(二甲双胍)", "D": "改用胰岛素"}, "answer": "改用胰岛素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "胸腺依赖性抗原(  )。", "options": {"A": "在胸腺中产生的抗原", "B": "能直接激活B细胞产生体液免疫应答的抗原", "C": "只能引起细胞免疫应答的抗原", "D": "只有在T细胞辅助下,才能激活B细胞产生体液免疫应答的抗原"}, "answer": "只有在T细胞辅助下,才能激活B细胞产生体液免疫应答的抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列物品中毒抢救时,禁忌洗胃的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "浓硫酸", "B": "杀鼠剂", "C": "安眠药", "D": "阿托品"}, "answer": "浓硫酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,32岁,系复发性甲亢摘人,现药物治疗6个月,FT3,FT4正常,甲状腺Ⅱ度肿大,TSAB滴度仍高,且较前无明显下降,下一步的治疗应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "加大抗甲状腺药物剂量", "B": "减少抗甲状腺药物剂量", "C": "手术治疗", "D": "除原治疗外,加免疫抑制药"}, "answer": "手术治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者腹痛、恶心、呕吐,肠鸣音亢进,排便、排气停止,应考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性胰腺炎", "B": "急性阑尾炎", "C": "急性肠梗阻", "D": "胃溃疡"}, "answer": "急性肠梗阻", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "几乎所有SLE病人免疫病理检查均可出现病变的脏器为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾", "B": "心脏", "C": "肝", "D": "胰腺"}, "answer": "肾", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,28岁。甲状腺肿大3年。性情急躁、怕热、多汗、心悸,食欲强但消瘦。有哮喘病史。拟行手术治疗,其术前药物准备措施应首选的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单用复方碘剂", "B": "先用硫脲类药物,后加用复方碘剂", "C": "单用普萘洛尔", "D": "应用普萘洛尔+硫脲类药物"}, "answer": "先用硫脲类药物,后加用复方碘剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "核蛋白体重新进入核蛋白体循环时,首先要(  )。", "options": {"A": "与tRNA结合", "B": "与IF2结合", "C": "分解成大小两个亚基", "D": "与终止因子结合"}, "answer": "分解成大小两个亚基", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,40岁,因外伤性闭合性股骨干骨折而入院。入院次日突然出现呼吸困难,烦躁不安,昏迷,皮下出血,血压(80/60mmHg),其诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "继发感染", "B": "大血管破裂", "C": "脂肪栓塞", "D": "骨折断端严重再移位"}, "answer": "脂肪栓塞", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "提示重症胰腺炎的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Courvoisier征阳性", "B": "肝浊音界消失", "C": "Grey-Turner征阳性", "D": "Murphy征阳性"}, "answer": "Grey-Turner征阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不是肾综合征出血热早期外周血象改变的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "类白血病样反应", "B": "嗜酸粒细胞减少以至消失", "C": "异常淋巴细胞增多", "D": "血小板减少"}, "answer": "嗜酸粒细胞减少以至消失", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,35岁,黄疸、贫血伴关节酸痛3个月,体检检查巩膜黄染,脾肋下2cm,血红蛋白58g/L,白细胞5×109/L,网织红细胞计数25%,外周血涂片成熟红细胞形态正常,尿隐血试验阴性。3.首选哪项治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "脾切除", "B": "长春新碱", "C": "糖皮质激素", "D": "大剂量丙种球蛋白"}, "answer": "糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,18岁。双下肢及颜面水肿1周。实验室检查:尿蛋白12.2g/d,RBC 0~2/高倍视野,血ALB 18g/L,Cr 79μmol/L,ANA(-),乙型肝炎病毒标志物均(-)。2.如果经足量糖皮质激素治疗12周无效。其病理类型最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎", "B": "膜增生性肾小球肾炎", "C": "膜性肾病", "D": "微小病变型肾病"}, "answer": "膜性肾病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "甲状旁腺激素对血钙的调节主要是通过(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠和胃", "B": "肝和胆", "C": "骨和肾", "D": "脑垂体"}, "answer": "骨和肾", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.上述哪项是可刺激醛固酮分泌的主要因素?(  )", "options": {"A": "醛固酮", "B": "肾上腺素", "C": "血管紧张素Ⅱ", "D": "肾素"}, "answer": "血管紧张素Ⅱ", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,7岁,突然发热1天,同时伴有头痛、腹痛、腹泻,脓血便,里急后重,每日腹泻10余次。便常规:白细胞l0~15/HP,红细胞20~30个/HP。病原治疗不宜用(  )。", "options": {"A": "痢特灵(呋喃唑酮)", "B": "环丙沙星", "C": "氨苄西林", "D": "庆大霉素"}, "answer": "环丙沙星", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.表示情绪是否稳定(  )。", "options": {"A": "P量表", "B": "E量表", "C": "N量表", "D": "K量表"}, "answer": "N量表", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "被狂犬咬伤后最正确的处理方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "注射狂犬病病毒免疫血清+抗病毒药物", "B": "注射大量丙种球蛋白+抗病毒药物", "C": "清创+抗生素", "D": "清创+接种疫苗+注射狂犬病病毒免疫血清"}, "answer": "清创+接种疫苗+注射狂犬病病毒免疫血清", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项能激活糜蛋白酶原?(  )", "options": {"A": "肠致活酶", "B": "胰蛋白酶", "C": "盐酸", "D": "组胺"}, "answer": "胰蛋白酶", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,20岁,肢体紫癜反复发作伴月经过多3年,肝、脾不大,血小板计数100×109/L,出血时间3分钟,凝血时间7分钟,束臂试验阳性,血小板聚集功能正常,骨髓象正常,诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血小板减少性紫癜", "B": "单纯性紫癜", "C": "过敏性紫癜", "D": "因子Ⅺ缺乏症"}, "answer": "单纯性紫癜", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.神经纤维兴奋时所产生的Na+内流和K+外流,得以恢复静息状态的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脂质双分子层", "B": "载体蛋白", "C": "钠泵", "D": "钙泵"}, "answer": "钠泵", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "氯丙嗪引起的低血压、休克抢救时禁用肾上腺素是因为氯丙嗪(  )。", "options": {"A": "直接扩张血管平滑肌", "B": "可阻断α受体", "C": "可阻断β受体", "D": "可阻断M受体"}, "answer": "可阻断α受体", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列符合小儿中度等渗性脱水的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "失水量占体重的7%,血清钠120mmol/L", "B": "失水量占体重的3%,血清钠135mmol/L", "C": "失水量占体重的8%,血清钠140mmol/L", "D": "失水量占体重的11%,血清钠140mmol/L"}, "answer": "失水量占体重的8%,血清钠140mmol/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肾绞痛发作时,首选治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗感染治疗", "B": "解痉止痛", "C": "局部热敷", "D": "针灸"}, "answer": "解痉止痛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新生儿窒息复苏评估的三大指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸,皮肤颜色,哭声", "B": "呼吸,心率、哭声", "C": "心率,呼吸,皮肤颜色", "D": "心率,皮肤颜色,肌张力"}, "answer": "心率,呼吸,皮肤颜色", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,34岁。2个月来无痛性颈淋巴结肿大,间断发热3个月,体检:脾肋下4cm。2.如果颈部淋巴结活检为淋巴细胞、浆细胞、中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞及中等量R-S细胞混同存在,最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "霍奇金病淋巴细胞为主型", "B": "霍奇金病结节硬化型", "C": "霍奇金病混合细胞型", "D": "霍奇金病免疫细胞淋巴瘤"}, "answer": "霍奇金病混合细胞型", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "开展医院内感染的预防关键是一级预防,与一级预防有关的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "开展院内感染发病率监测", "B": "建立健全院内感染的规章制度", "C": "提高早期诊断院内感染的能力", "D": "对感染病人采用流行病学调查追踪感染来源"}, "answer": "建立健全院内感染的规章制度", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,46岁。持续性心房颤动5年,2年前曾出现言语不利、左侧肢体活动障碍。该患者长期抗凝治疗应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "潘生丁", "B": "华法林", "C": "普通肝素", "D": "阿司匹林"}, "answer": "华法林", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.结核杆菌感染(  )。", "options": {"A": "浆液性炎", "B": "蜂窝织炎", "C": "纤维素性炎", "D": "肉芽肿性炎"}, "answer": "肉芽肿性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "目前认为基因表达调控的主要环节是(  )。", "options": {"A": "基因活化", "B": "转录起始", "C": "翻译起始", "D": "翻译后加工"}, "answer": "转录起始", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,45岁。无痛性肉眼血尿1个月,尿中偶有血块,伴膀胱刺激症状。B超见膀胱右侧壁有一1cm×2cm软组织影,有蒂。2.为明确诊断,最有价值的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "盆腔MRI", "B": "盆腔CT", "C": "膀胱造影", "D": "膀胱镜检查+活检"}, "answer": "膀胱镜检查+活检", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性阑尾炎病人,当腹痛尚未转移至右下腹时,在诊断上具有重要意义的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有白细胞显著升高", "B": "已有脐周压痛及反跳痛", "C": "脐区及右下腹有压痛反跳痛", "D": "压痛已固定在右下腹"}, "answer": "压痛已固定在右下腹", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "苯丙酮尿症治疗主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "补充苯丙氨酸羟化酶", "B": "补充酪氨酸", "C": "给予低苯丙氨酸饮食", "D": "补充酪氨酸羟化酶"}, "answer": "给予低苯丙氨酸饮食", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "佝偻病恢复期长骨X线片改善的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "临时钙化带重新出现", "B": "骨质稀疏,密度减低", "C": "干骺端增宽", "D": "干骺端呈毛刷状"}, "answer": "临时钙化带重新出现", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,36岁。饮酒后中上腹持续性疼痛9小时,呕吐2次来院急诊。既往体健。体检:体温37.8℃,上腹偏左压痛,伴轻度肌紧张。1.对诊断最有意义的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部B超", "B": "腹部X线透视", "C": "血清淀粉酶", "D": "血清脂肪酶"}, "answer": "血清淀粉酶", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.近年来国内钩端螺旋体病引起死亡的主要临床类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "流感伤寒型", "B": "肺出血型", "C": "肾衰竭型", "D": "脑膜脑炎型"}, "answer": "肺出血型", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "可促进抗利尿激素分泌的降血糖药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "格列本脲", "B": "氯磺丙脲", "C": "格列吡嗪", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "氯磺丙脲", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.一位外科手术前的病人,坐卧不安、眉头紧锁、小动作多,这一现象是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应激的行为反应", "B": "应激的情绪反应", "C": "应激的生理反应", "D": "应激的防御反应"}, "answer": "应激的情绪反应", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.对婴幼儿、处于休克状态需要急救等患者适用的模式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "双方冲突型", "B": "患者主导型", "C": "主动—被动型", "D": "共同参与型"}, "answer": "主动—被动型", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,65岁。突发上腹痛1天,发热6小时,呼吸困难1小时。查体:T 38.6℃,R 32次/分,BP 90/60mmHg,P 110次/分,巩膜轻度黄染,上腹部压痛,轻度肌紧张,肠鸣音1次/分,血清淀粉酶860U/L,血氧分压50mmHg。首先应考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠系膜动脉栓塞", "B": "急性胰腺炎合并呼吸窘迫综合征", "C": "急性心肌梗死", "D": "肺炎"}, "answer": "急性胰腺炎合并呼吸窘迫综合征", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "为预防感染性疾病进行预防接种,目前使用减毒活疫苗较比使用灭活疫苗普遍,下述原因中不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "接种活疫苗能使机体产生特异性体液免疫和细胞免疫,而灭活疫苗不能产生细胞免疫", "B": "减毒活疫苗刺激机体产生特异性保护,其持续时间一般较灭活疫苗长", "C": "减毒疫苗株能在机体内增殖并抑制或干扰野毒株增殖和致病性,而灭活疫苗不能", "D": "减毒活疫苗可应用于免疫缺陷或低下的患者,因为它可诱导机体产生分泌型IgA抗体"}, "answer": "减毒活疫苗可应用于免疫缺陷或低下的患者,因为它可诱导机体产生分泌型IgA抗体", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,8个月,持续高热、频咳,精神萎靡5天,近2天气促加重,今抽搐3次,全身性发作,,嗜睡,查体:体温40度,呼吸54次/分,双肺少量湿啰音,左下肺闻及管状呼吸音,肝肋下1cm。白细胞计数升高不明显。X线显示大小不等的片状病灶或融合性病灶,以两肺下野及右上肺多见。4.若患儿突然发生少尿,尿钠40mmol/L,尿沉渣出现棕色颗粒管型,最有可能出现的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "败血症", "B": "肾前性少尿", "C": "尿路梗阻", "D": "急性肾衰"}, "answer": "急性肾衰", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "上消化道出血时,为寻找出血的病因,首选的辅助检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃镜检查", "B": "上消化道钡餐", "C": "CT", "D": "选择性动脉造影"}, "answer": "胃镜检查", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "青春型精神分裂症的特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阴性症状为主,注意减弱", "B": "偏执性妄想", "C": "精神活动的全面紊乱和瓦解", "D": "持续存在阴性症状或某些个别的阳性症状,意志减退"}, "answer": "精神活动的全面紊乱和瓦解", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "奥美拉唑治疗消化性溃疡的作用机制为(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制胃黏膜壁细胞上Na+-K+-ATP酶", "B": "抑制胃黏膜壁细胞上H+-K+-ATP酶", "C": "阻断胃黏膜壁细胞上促胃液素受体", "D": "促进胃黏液的分泌"}, "answer": "抑制胃黏膜壁细胞上H+-K+-ATP酶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,2岁。1个月来食欲减退,消瘦伴乏力,低热盗汗干咳2个月,易怒。体检:颈部可见数个肿大淋巴结,肝肋下1.5cm,结核菌素试验(++)。1.患儿最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发综合征", "B": "支气管肺炎", "C": "支气管淋巴结核", "D": "浸润性肺结核"}, "answer": "原发综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "易发生DIC的急性白血病类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性淋巴细胞白血病部分分化型", "B": "急性早幼粒细胞白血病", "C": "急性单核细胞白血病", "D": "红白血病"}, "answer": "急性早幼粒细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "正常膳食时体内储存的脂肪主要来自(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄糖", "B": "脂肪酸", "C": "酮体", "D": "类脂"}, "answer": "葡萄糖", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,24岁。近2个月来四肢关节疼痛,伴皮肤结节、红斑。10天前发热(T 38℃)、咳嗽,咳少量痰,胸部X线片示右上肺斑片状影伴空洞形成。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管肺癌", "B": "细菌性肺炎", "C": "肺脓肿", "D": "肺结核"}, "answer": "肺结核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,70岁。因咳嗽、咳痰30年,气短5年,近期加重前来体检。胸部CT显示双肺透光度增加。其胸部查体最可能出现的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "叩诊过清音", "B": "呼吸音增强", "C": "叩诊实音", "D": "语颤增强"}, "answer": "叩诊过清音", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肾脏的重要功能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "排泄体内代谢最终产物", "B": "调节水、电解质平衡", "C": "调节酸碱平衡", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "人类基底神经节调节功能障碍,主要表现形式不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "随意运动完全丧失", "B": "肌肉强直", "C": "肌张力障碍", "D": "静止性震颤"}, "answer": "随意运动完全丧失", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.肺动脉段凹陷(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉导管未闭", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "法洛四联征", "D": "房间隔缺损"}, "answer": "法洛四联征", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "上消化道出血时,短期内常出现异常的血清学指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结合胆红素", "B": "非结合胆红素", "C": "白蛋白", "D": "尿素氮"}, "answer": "尿素氮", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "为了戒除烟瘾,在每次吸烟后,应用某种引起恶心、呕吐的药物,反复几次,就再不想吸烟了。这种戒烟方法属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "条件操作法", "B": "系统脱敏法", "C": "自我调整疗法", "D": "厌恶疗法"}, "answer": "厌恶疗法", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.粪便颜色主要来源于(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆绿素", "B": "胆红素", "C": "粪胆素", "D": "尿胆素原"}, "answer": "粪胆素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.小儿风湿热发生心包炎时可表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "心音遥远,颈静脉怒张", "B": "心尖搏动弥散,心音低钝", "C": "心脏杂音早期随病情有变化", "D": "以趾、指、颞、颌小关节为主"}, "answer": "心音遥远,颈静脉怒张", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医师在执业活动中,违反《执业医师法》规定,有下列行为之一的,由县级以上人民政府卫生行政部门给予警告或者责令暂停六个月以上一年以下执业活动;情节严重的,吊销其医师执业证书的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "未经批准开办医疗机构行医的", "B": "未经患者或家属同意,对患者进行实验性临床医疗的", "C": "在医疗、预防、保健工作中造成事故的", "D": "不参加培训和继续教育的"}, "answer": "未经患者或家属同意,对患者进行实验性临床医疗的", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "7个月婴儿,已患化脑2周,经大剂量青霉素加氯霉素静脉滴注治疗,发热持续不退。查体:嗜睡,前囟膨,颈强直,布氏征(+)。应采取何种措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "改用其他抗生素", "B": "加大抗生素剂量", "C": "硬膜下穿刺", "D": "鞘内注射抗生素"}, "answer": "硬膜下穿刺", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性血源性骨髓炎最常见的致病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙型链球菌", "B": "流感嗜血杆菌", "C": "大肠杆菌", "D": "溶血性金黄色葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "溶血性金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男孩,4岁。母亲拉其右手上楼梯时突然出现哭闹,右上肢不敢活动。查体:右前臂半屈及旋前位,活动受限,未见明显畸形。X线片未见明显异常,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肱骨外上髁炎", "B": "肘关节脱位", "C": "肩关节脱位", "D": "桡骨头半脱位"}, "answer": "桡骨头半脱位", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "股骨颈的颈干角平均角度是(  )。", "options": {"A": "107°", "B": "127°", "C": "97°", "D": "157°"}, "answer": "127°", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5.细菌性痢疾属(  )。", "options": {"A": "浆液性炎症", "B": "纤维素性炎症", "C": "蜂窝织炎症", "D": "化脓性炎症"}, "answer": "纤维素性炎症", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "高钾血症伴发心律失常时,应(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉注射碳酸氢钠", "B": "静脉注射胰岛素+葡萄糖", "C": "静脉注射葡萄糖酸钙", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "静脉注射葡萄糖酸钙", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "创伤的基本病变反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞和体液反应", "B": "抗体和抗原反应", "C": "炎症反应", "D": "形成瘢痕"}, "answer": "炎症反应", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,23岁。半年前祖父去世送葬,极为悲伤,回家后,自称是一位已死2年的青年男性附其身上,并以男青年的身份和口气与人说话,持续4小时,之后反复发作过十几次,均有精神诱因,神经系统检查未见阳性体征,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "分离性障碍", "C": "强迫症", "D": "焦虑症"}, "answer": "分离性障碍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于慢性肾衰竭伴发心脏扩大的原因,下列哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "水钠潴留", "B": "尿毒症性心肌病变", "C": "心包积液", "D": "严重贫血"}, "answer": "心包积液", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性心肌梗死早期最重要的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "补充血量", "B": "抗心绞痛", "C": "心肌再灌注", "D": "抗感染"}, "answer": "心肌再灌注", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对生长激素分泌调节的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "受下丘脑生长素释放激素和释放抑制激素双重调节", "B": "人在觉醒状态下分泌较多", "C": "低血糖对其分泌有刺激作用", "D": "运动及应激刺激促进其分泌"}, "answer": "人在觉醒状态下分泌较多", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "按贫血的病因、机制下述哪一项组合是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "红细胞破坏过多——慢性感染性贫血", "B": "骨髓红细胞生成被干扰——伴随白血病的贫血", "C": "红细胞生成减少——再生障碍性贫血", "D": "造血原料缺乏——巨幼红细胞贫血"}, "answer": "红细胞破坏过多——慢性感染性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2岁女孩,因生长发育落后,智力发育落后来诊。此患儿出生后即有吃奶差,腹胀、便秘,少哭、少动,哭声嘶哑,近2~3个月出现面部、眼睑水肿。至今不会说话、不会走路。体检:体温35.7℃,心率66次/mm,呼吸22次/min,皮肤粗糙,毛发干燥,表情呆滞,声音嘶哑,眼距宽,鼻梁低平,舌伸出口外,面部眼睑水肿,双肺听诊无啰音,心音低钝,腹膨隆,有脐疝,四肢肌张力弱。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "21-三体综合征", "B": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症", "C": "Turner综合征", "D": "先天性生长激素缺乏症"}, "answer": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "脑膜瘤复发的重要因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "年龄", "B": "组织类型", "C": "肿瘤部位", "D": "术后肿瘤残余"}, "answer": "术后肿瘤残余", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列情况中不属于医学伦理学任务的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "确定符合时代要求的医德原则和规范", "B": "直接提高医务人员的医疗技术", "C": "为医学的发展导向", "D": "为符合道德的医学行为辩护"}, "answer": "直接提高医务人员的医疗技术", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,男,2岁。出生时接种过卡介苗,此次因肺炎入院。作PPD,72小时后硬结直径20mm,红晕直径30mm,持续7天后仍留有色素,其最大可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "接种卡介苗后反应", "B": "活动性结核病", "C": "局部注射后感染", "D": "其他分枝杆菌交叉感染"}, "answer": "活动性结核病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性心肌梗死的超急性期心电图改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ST段明显抬高", "B": "异常宽深的Q波", "C": "T波高耸", "D": "R波降低"}, "answer": "T波高耸", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "活动性风湿性心脏病时,下列哪项是阿绍夫小体常见的部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "心外膜内", "B": "心瓣膜内", "C": "心肌间质", "D": "心肌传导系统"}, "answer": "心肌间质", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3岁男孩,发现水肿1月,尿常规:蛋白(+++)红细胞2~4个/高倍视野。血浆蛋白25g/L,胆固醇9.6mmol/L。2.目前的重要治疗应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素治疗", "B": "肾上腺皮质激素治疗", "C": "免疫抑制剂治疗", "D": "降血压治疗"}, "answer": "肾上腺皮质激素治疗", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "染色体检查结果为t(15;17)的白血病类型(  )。", "options": {"A": "AML-M3", "B": "AML-M2", "C": "CML", "D": "ALL"}, "answer": "AML-M3", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "用以下哪种药物治疗有机磷农药中毒所致的呼吸肌麻痹?(  )", "options": {"A": "碳酸氢钠", "B": "新斯的明", "C": "尼可刹米", "D": "解磷定"}, "answer": "解磷定", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "早产儿,现9个月,单纯牛奶喂养,3个月来肤色苍白,食欲减退。体检:皮肤黏膜苍白,心前区2/6级收缩期吹风样杂音,肝肋下3cm,脾肋下1cm。RBC2.0×1012/L,Hb 50g/L。外周血涂片示红细胞形态大小不均,以小细胞为主、中央浅染。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "营养性缺铁性贫血", "B": "营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血", "C": "地中海贫血", "D": "再生障碍性贫血"}, "answer": "营养性缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "DNA分子中碱基对之间的关系是(  )。", "options": {"A": "A=G,C≡T", "B": "A≡T,G=C", "C": "A=T,G≡C", "D": "A=U,G≡C"}, "answer": "A=T,G≡C", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,36岁。因急性化脓性阑尾炎穿孔伴弥漫性腹膜炎行急诊手术。术后于右下腹放置烟卷式引流条一根,下列处理措施中正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "放置1~2天后即可拔除", "B": "每次换药时旋转拔出约1~2cm,术后1~2天即可拔除", "C": "每次换药时旋转拔出约1~2cm,术后3~5天即可拔除", "D": "视引流情况,至术后6~7天方可拔除"}, "answer": "每次换药时旋转拔出约1~2cm,术后3~5天即可拔除", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,45岁。外伤致骨盆骨折、会阴部撕裂伤。术后尿潴留、烦躁不安。最佳的处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌注地西泮10mg", "B": "观察", "C": "口服止痛药", "D": "留置导尿管"}, "answer": "留置导尿管", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "超抗原的实际意义是(  )。", "options": {"A": "毒性作用", "B": "免疫抑制", "C": "诱发自身免疫病", "D": "以上都对"}, "answer": "以上都对", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在ITP的免疫抑制治疗中,最常用的免疫抑制剂是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿糖胞苷", "B": "长春新碱", "C": "柔红霉素", "D": "足叶乙甙"}, "answer": "长春新碱", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "预防急性肾功能衰竭应选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "呋塞米", "B": "氢氯噻嗪", "C": "氨苯蝶啶", "D": "甘露醇"}, "answer": "甘露醇", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "普萘洛尔没有下述哪一项作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "增加气道阻力", "B": "降压心肌耗氧量", "C": "抑制肾素释放", "D": "增加糖原分解"}, "answer": "增加糖原分解", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是急性血源性骨髓炎的最好发部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "尺桡骨", "B": "胫骨、股骨", "C": "髋骨、骶骨", "D": "肱骨肩胛骨"}, "answer": "胫骨、股骨", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性患者,65岁,平素体健,被车撞伤,左髋部肿痛。拍片提示:左股骨颈头下型骨折,治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "下肢骨牵引", "B": "髋人字石膏托固定", "C": "空心钉内固定", "D": "人工股骨头置换术"}, "answer": "人工股骨头置换术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "培养真菌常用的培养基是(  )。", "options": {"A": "伊红-亚甲蓝培养基", "B": "巧克力培养基", "C": "亚碲酸钾培养基", "D": "沙保弱培养基"}, "answer": "沙保弱培养基", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某患者因车祸造成多发性骨折,多脏器破裂,如果不及时手术,就会危及病人生命。然而,同行的伙伴谁也不敢代替家属签名。这时,主刀医生站出来,说:“我签,有责任我负!”经过医务人员的全力抢救,病人终于脱离危险。医生最符合医学道德的做法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主刀医生已把不施行手术抢救可有发生的后果告知他的伙伴,如抢救不成功,医生不应该承担法律责任", "B": "主刀医生代表患者亲人签字,表现了医生以病人利益为重、无私无畏的高尚医德精神", "C": "以上三点都符合抢救重危病人的道德", "D": "以上都对"}, "answer": "主刀医生代表患者亲人签字,表现了医生以病人利益为重、无私无畏的高尚医德精神", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对切除胰腺或重度糖尿病患者无效的降糖药为(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲福明(二甲双胍)", "B": "格列齐特", "C": "阿卡波糖", "D": "苯乙福明(苯乙双胍)"}, "answer": "格列齐特", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,14岁,因近五六年身材过长,近2年头痛、视力下降,伴多饮、乏力就诊。查体:身高194cm,血糖(FBG)10.1mmol/L。蝶鞍矢状位CT示垂体增大向鞍上发展。临床诊断为巨人症,垂体生长激素瘤。1.下列哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "血生长激素升高", "B": "继发性高血糖对胰岛素治疗反应良好", "C": "血磷升高", "D": "TRH刺激试验中生长激素升高"}, "answer": "继发性高血糖对胰岛素治疗反应良好", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于休克患者预防急性肾衰竭的措施中不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对有溶血倾向的患者应保持肾小管通畅、碱化尿液,避免肾小管损害", "B": "矫治休克时不宜使用易引起肾血管收缩的药物", "C": "休克合并DIC时,要及时应用肝素治疗", "D": "患者只要出现尿量减少时,要及时使用利尿剂"}, "answer": "患者只要出现尿量减少时,要及时使用利尿剂", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "当低温、缺氧或代谢障碍等因素影响Na+-K+泵活动时,可使细胞的(  )。", "options": {"A": "静息电位增大,动作电位幅度减小", "B": "静息电位减小,动作电位幅度增大", "C": "静息电位减小,动作电位幅度减小", "D": "静息电位和动作电位幅度均不变"}, "answer": "静息电位减小,动作电位幅度减小", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "鉴别中心型肺癌和周围型肺癌最有价值的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血肿瘤标志物", "B": "胸部正侧位X线片", "C": "胸部CT", "D": "胸部核磁共振"}, "answer": "胸部CT", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "支气管肺炎合并心力衰竭的表现,以下错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸突然加快>60次/min", "B": "极度烦躁不安", "C": "突然高热达40.0℃", "D": "肝脏迅速增大"}, "answer": "突然高热达40.0℃", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于创伤时应用止血带,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "止血带一般使用时间不超过4小时", "B": "止血带每隔2小时松开2~3分钟", "C": "紧急时可用电线充当止血带", "D": "止血带的位置应在伤处的上一个关节处"}, "answer": "止血带一般使用时间不超过4小时", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "右下肢被机动车压伤,具备下述哪一项可诊断为骨折?(  )", "options": {"A": "压痛明显", "B": "局部高度肿胀", "C": "下肢不能自主活动", "D": "骨摩擦音"}, "answer": "骨摩擦音", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "18个月小儿,因长期腹泻入院。查体:患儿面色苍白,表情呆滞,皮肤散在出血点。血象:RBC2.0×1012/L,Hb90g/L,WBC3.5×109/L,血清铁14.32μmol/L(80μg/d1)。此患应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "再生障碍性贫血", "B": "营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血", "C": "营养性缺铁性贫血", "D": "地中海贫血"}, "answer": "营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "支持重型再生障碍性贫血诊断的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血小板计数10×109/L", "B": "中性粒细胞计数1.0×109/L", "C": "中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶积分减低", "D": "骨髓全片见巨核细胞8个"}, "answer": "血小板计数10×109/L", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "再次应答最主要的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "产生Ab潜伏期长", "B": "IgG大量产生", "C": "IgM产生量大", "D": "IgG与IgM的产生量相似"}, "answer": "IgG大量产生", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.能单腿跳,开始识字的年龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2岁", "B": "3岁", "C": "5岁", "D": "6岁"}, "answer": "5岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是通过内源性途径活化CD8+细胞的Ag?(  )", "options": {"A": "细菌的外毒素", "B": "菌体Ag", "C": "病毒感染的细胞", "D": "红细胞的Rh抗原"}, "answer": "病毒感染的细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "外伤后急性脑受压,最可靠的早期临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头痛,呕吐,视乳头水肿", "B": "血压升高,呼吸脉搏变慢", "C": "头痛,呕吐,进行性意识障碍", "D": "瞳孔由正常变为不等大"}, "answer": "头痛,呕吐,进行性意识障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是小儿前囟闭合的时间?(  )", "options": {"A": "2~4个月", "B": "8~12个月", "C": "12~18个月", "D": "2岁"}, "answer": "12~18个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "ITP首选治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大剂量丙种球蛋白", "B": "糖皮质激素", "C": "输浓缩血小板悬液", "D": "长春新碱"}, "answer": "糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿6岁,半月前患猩红热,经治疗后好转,近1周有不规则的发热,伴有游走性关节痛,多汗、乏力。查体:精神萎靡,面色苍白,心率120次/分,心音低钝,杂音不明显,肺呼吸音清,腹平坦柔软,肝脏、脾脏未触及,双膝关节红肿、疼痛、活动受限,下肢不肿。X线胸片示:肺阴性,心脏轻度向两侧扩大,心脏搏动减弱。心电图示:P-R间期延长。1.请问该患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒性心肌炎", "B": "膝关节结核", "C": "膝关节化脓性关节炎", "D": "风湿热"}, "answer": "风湿热", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "管理舌前2/3味觉的神经是(  )。", "options": {"A": "三叉神经", "B": "舌咽神经", "C": "面神经", "D": "迷走神经"}, "answer": "面神经", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "6个月以后婴儿发生缺铁性贫血主要原因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性腹泻", "B": "钩虫病", "C": "未及时添加含铁丰富食物", "D": "铁不足"}, "answer": "未及时添加含铁丰富食物", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "成人糖尿病酮症酸中毒胰岛素治疗采用(  )。", "options": {"A": "每4小时静脉滴注5~10U普通胰岛素", "B": "每4小时静脉注射50U胰岛素", "C": "每2小时静脉滴注5~10U鱼精蛋白锌胰岛素", "D": "每小时静脉滴注4~6U普通胰岛素"}, "answer": "每小时静脉滴注4~6U普通胰岛素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不符合急性单纯性阑尾炎表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "均有腹肌紧张", "B": "右下腹局限性轻度反跳痛", "C": "有低热表现", "D": "白细胞计数轻度升高"}, "answer": "均有腹肌紧张", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "绞窄性肠梗阻的定义是指肠梗阻并伴有(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠袢两端均完全阻塞", "B": "肠壁血运障碍", "C": "肠腔狭窄", "D": "肠腔高度扩张"}, "answer": "肠壁血运障碍", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "只有一个开口的病理性盲管称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "窦道", "B": "糜烂", "C": "瘘管", "D": "空洞"}, "answer": "窦道", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "营养性缺铁性贫血的临床主要特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发病缓慢,病程较长", "B": "为小细胞低色素性贫血", "C": "婴幼儿发病率高", "D": "红细胞和血红蛋白均减少"}, "answer": "为小细胞低色素性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "骨髓移植后,引起GVHD的主要效应细胞是骨髓中的(  )。", "options": {"A": "T细胞", "B": "B细胞", "C": "造血干细胞", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "T细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性中年患者,2周前明确诊断为右示指狭窄性腱鞲炎。此时最简便、有效的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "制动", "B": "理疗", "C": "醋酸泼尼松龙局部封闭", "D": "腱鞘切开术"}, "answer": "醋酸泼尼松龙局部封闭", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男婴,10天。因发热、拒奶3天,惊厥2次来诊。查体:反应差,中度黄染,脐部有脓性分泌物,前囟饱满。WBC 20×109/L,N 0.78,L 0.22。最可能的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新型隐球菌", "B": "大肠埃希菌", "C": "肺炎链球菌", "D": "脑膜炎双球菌"}, "answer": "大肠埃希菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "高血压病时原发性颗粒性固缩肾的形成主要是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球纤维化", "B": "肾小管坏死", "C": "肾小球入球小动脉硬化所致的肾单位萎缩", "D": "肾小球代偿性肥大"}, "answer": "肾小球入球小动脉硬化所致的肾单位萎缩", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,5岁,于夏季突发高热,2小时后抽搐,面色灰暗,四肢凉,血压下降,心肺未见异常,脑膜刺激征阴性,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中毒型细菌性痢疾", "B": "结核性脑膜炎", "C": "颅内肿瘤", "D": "颅内出血"}, "answer": "中毒型细菌性痢疾", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.脉压增宽,伴股动脉枪击音的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "动脉导管未闭", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "艾森曼格综合征"}, "answer": "动脉导管未闭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "尿红细胞形态学检查可判断(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发与继发性肾小球疾病", "B": "泌尿系畸形与肿瘤性血尿", "C": "肾小球性与非肾小球性血尿", "D": "感染与非感染性血尿"}, "answer": "肾小球性与非肾小球性血尿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "最常导致肝硬化的DNA病毒是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HAV", "B": "HBV", "C": "HCV", "D": "HEV"}, "answer": "HBV", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于补体的叙述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "具有酶活性", "B": "其性质不稳定", "C": "其作用是非特异的", "D": "受抗原刺激后产生"}, "answer": "受抗原刺激后产生", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对阻碍医师依法执业,侮辱、诽谤、威胁、殴打医师的人员进行行政处罚时,应当使用(  )。", "options": {"A": "《医疗机构管理条例》", "B": "《医疗事故处理条例》", "C": "《治安管理处罚条例》", "D": "《刑法》"}, "answer": "《治安管理处罚条例》", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "早产儿的胎龄应是(  )。", "options": {"A": ">25周至<37足周", "B": ">26周至<37足周", "C": ">28周至<37足周", "D": ">28周至<38足周"}, "answer": ">28周至<37足周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.腹部手术后可采取(  )。", "options": {"A": "侧卧位", "B": "头高脚低斜坡卧位", "C": "高半坐位卧位", "D": "低半坐位卧位"}, "answer": "低半坐位卧位", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,20岁,反复高热伴游走性关节痛,口腔干燥、溃疡,脱发月余。尿蛋白++,颗粒管型5个/HP,间断有血尿,类风湿因子1:20(+),抗SSA抗体阳性,抗双链DNA抗体阳性。2.首选治疗药物的最佳组合为(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗疟药+双氯芬酸", "B": "糖皮质激素+甲氨蝶呤", "C": "雷公藤+柳氮磺吡啶", "D": "糖皮质激素+环磷酰胺"}, "answer": "糖皮质激素+环磷酰胺", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "病人男性,58岁,突然头痛呕吐,伴意识丧失30min。查体神志清楚,颈部抵抗,克氏征阳性。右侧眼睑下垂,右侧瞳孔4mm,光反应消失。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛛网膜下腔出血", "B": "高血压脑出血", "C": "脑动静脉畸形出血", "D": "颅脑肿瘤"}, "answer": "蛛网膜下腔出血", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者女性,46岁,反复右上腹胀痛多年,曾查腹部B超提示胆囊多发结石。近1年无明显发作。2.患者近1周较劳累,昨日油腻饮食后出现上腹绞痛。查体:痛苦面容,皮肤巩膜黄染,呼吸25次/min,BP 130/80mmHg,右上腹有压痛,需要急查下列哪种检查最有价值?(  )", "options": {"A": "腹部CT", "B": "B超", "C": "ERCP", "D": "PTC"}, "answer": "B超", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "激情的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "持久且微弱", "B": "积极且短暂", "C": "短暂且暴发", "D": "积极且稳定"}, "answer": "短暂且暴发", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于阵发性室上性心动过速的心电图诊断,下列哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "节律一般规则,但亦可有不规则", "B": "QRS波群形态可不正常", "C": "可见到逆行P波", "D": "起始及终止突然"}, "answer": "节律一般规则,但亦可有不规则", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.脚的坏死,表面呈黑色,与周围正常组织边界清楚(  )。", "options": {"A": "干性坏疽", "B": "凝固性坏死", "C": "消化性坏死", "D": "干酪样坏死"}, "answer": "干性坏疽", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "利多卡因对下列哪种心律失常无效?(  )", "options": {"A": "室性期前收缩", "B": "室上性心动过速", "C": "强心苷引起的室性心律失常", "D": "心肌梗死所致的室性早搏"}, "answer": "室上性心动过速", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.思维破裂是(  )。", "options": {"A": "联想结构障碍", "B": "联想数量障碍", "C": "联想自主性障碍", "D": "联想形式障碍"}, "answer": "联想结构障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不是急性戊型肝炎特点的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "病情较重,尤其重叠感染乙肝病毒", "B": "肝内淤胆现象常见", "C": "妊娠合并戊型肝炎者死亡率高", "D": "易发展成慢性肝炎"}, "answer": "易发展成慢性肝炎", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性糜烂出血性胃炎的常见原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "非甾体类抗炎药物", "B": "脑外伤", "C": "乙醇", "D": "幽门螺旋杆菌"}, "answer": "非甾体类抗炎药物", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "与胃MALT淋巴瘤发病相关的组织损伤的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Hp", "B": "CMV", "C": "EBV", "D": "HIV"}, "answer": "Hp", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于医学模式的观点错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是一种哲学观在医学上的反映", "B": "“生物—心理—社会”医学模式的提出并不排斥生物医学的研究", "C": "新的医学模式以身心一元论为基本指导思想,坚持病因一元论的观点", "D": "医学心理学促进和推动了医学模式的转化"}, "answer": "新的医学模式以身心一元论为基本指导思想,坚持病因一元论的观点", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,10岁,诊断为重症心肌炎,心脏听诊可能出现的特征性体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "开瓣音", "B": "S2固定分裂", "C": "钟摆律", "D": "P2增强"}, "answer": "钟摆律", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "8个月小儿体检时发现胸骨左缘2~3肋间闻及Ⅲ级左右连续机器样杂音,向颈部、锁骨下传导,可触及震颤。胸部X线示:左心房、室增大,肺血管影增多,肺动脉段突出,主动脉弓增大。此患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "肺动脉狭窄", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "动脉导管未闭"}, "answer": "动脉导管未闭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,64岁。右上腹剧痛17天,伴发热10天。乙肝病史20年,慢性支气管炎病史8年。查体:体温38.3℃,慢性病容,颈静脉无怒张,双肺呼吸音减弱,未闻及湿啰音,腹膨隆,肝右肋下4cm,双下肢凹陷性水肿。肝功能检查正常。2.下列检查对明确诊断意义不大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清AFP", "B": "腹部CT", "C": "血乙肝病毒DNA", "D": "肝穿刺活检"}, "answer": "血乙肝病毒DNA", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性患者,32岁,近10年反复咳嗽、咳脓痰,间断痰中带血,晨起为重,抗感染治疗后病情可暂时短期缓解,但从未系统体检。1.患者既往有麻疹病史。听诊右下肺有固定局限性湿性啰音,为辅助诊断和治疗可不必要进行的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "痰培养加药敏", "B": "胸部X线平片", "C": "心电图", "D": "支气管碘油造影"}, "answer": "心电图", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "Thomas征阳性提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "膝关节屈曲挛缩", "B": "腰椎间盘突出症", "C": "髋关节屈曲挛缩", "D": "腰椎管狭窄"}, "answer": "髋关节屈曲挛缩", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性肾衰竭少尿期最常见的血镁、磷、钙代谢异常是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高镁、高磷、低钙", "B": "低镁、高磷、低钙", "C": "低镁、高磷、高钙", "D": "高镁、高磷、高钙"}, "answer": "高镁、高磷、低钙", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于患者的道德权利,下述说法中不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "患者都有受到尊重的权利", "B": "患者在认为自己受到伤害时有提起诉讼的权利", "C": "医生在任何情况下需要尊重病人要求保密的权利", "D": "有自主能力的病人享有充分的知情同意的权利"}, "answer": "医生在任何情况下需要尊重病人要求保密的权利", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.胃癌,癌细胞含大量黏液(  )。", "options": {"A": "鳞癌", "B": "基底细胞癌", "C": "移行上皮癌", "D": "印戒细胞癌"}, "answer": "印戒细胞癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "交感神经节后纤维递质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙酰胆碱", "B": "去甲肾上腺素", "C": "多巴胺", "D": "去甲肾上腺素或乙酰胆碱"}, "answer": "去甲肾上腺素或乙酰胆碱", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,32岁。有溃疡性结肠炎病史,3天前出现脓血便,未行系统治疗。1天前又出现高热、明显腹胀。体格检查:腹膨隆,明显压痛和反跳痛,肠鸣音减弱。X线腹部平片可见结肠扩张,结肠袋形消失。此患者最可能出现的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "自发性腹膜炎", "B": "中毒性巨结肠", "C": "肠穿孔", "D": "肠梗阻"}, "answer": "中毒性巨结肠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,1个月,出生体重3.5kg,呕吐1周,生后3周左右开始溢乳,逐日加重呈喷射性呕吐,凝块,不含胆汁。查体:体重3.5kg,皮肤轻度黄染,前囟稍凹,心肺无异常,上腹部蠕动波,右季肋下肿块,质较硬,光滑,移动。最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "喂养不当", "B": "幽门痉挛", "C": "先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄", "D": "胃扭转"}, "answer": "先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,62岁,因脑梗死住院20天,突发呼吸困难1小时,既往无慢性肺部疾病史。查体:BP 150/80mmHg,呼吸急促,口唇发绀,三凹征明显,肺部可闻及哮鸣音,双肺呼吸音减弱。该患者呼吸困难最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管哮喘", "B": "急性左心衰", "C": "自发性气胸", "D": "气管异物"}, "answer": "气管异物", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "垂体门脉系统损伤时,哪一种激素可不减少?(  )", "options": {"A": "促性腺激素", "B": "催乳素", "C": "促肾上腺皮质激素", "D": "抗利尿激素"}, "answer": "催乳素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,46岁,右季肋部不适、食欲下降2年。腹胀、下肢水肿1个月。近4天来腹痛、发热、腹胀加重。查体:脾肋下2.0cm,移动性浊音(+),Hb 72g/L,ALB 26g/L。腹水淡黄色。比重1.017,蛋白25g/L,细胞总数600×106/L,白细胞560×106/L,中性粒细胞0.80。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝硬化合并结核性腹膜炎", "B": "肝硬化合并自发性腹膜炎", "C": "肝硬化门静脉血栓形成", "D": "肝肾综合征"}, "answer": "肝硬化合并自发性腹膜炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项为确诊流脑的依据?(  )", "options": {"A": "突然发病、高热、头痛、呕吐", "B": "脑膜刺激征阳性", "C": "皮肤瘀点检菌阳性", "D": "脑脊液为典型化脓性脑膜炎改变"}, "answer": "皮肤瘀点检菌阳性", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "母亲带一体重5.8kg的4个月婴儿来进行营养咨询。1.该耍儿目前的饮食除母乳外,该添加的辅食是(  )。", "options": {"A": "菜泥、面条", "B": "肉沫、软饭", "C": "米糊、蛋黄", "D": "肉汤、鱼肝油"}, "answer": "米糊、蛋黄", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪一项骨折为稳定性骨折?(  )", "options": {"A": "单一桡骨干的斜骨折", "B": "伸直型肱骨髁上骨折", "C": "尺、桡骨双骨的青枝骨折", "D": "股骨颈骨折内收型"}, "answer": "尺、桡骨双骨的青枝骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "我国流行性出血热主要的传染源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人", "B": "人和褐家鼠", "C": "黑线姬鼠和褐家鼠", "D": "大林姬鼠"}, "answer": "黑线姬鼠和褐家鼠", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "生长激素瘤多出现于(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经垂体", "B": "腺垂体", "C": "脑膜", "D": "脑室"}, "answer": "腺垂体", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的基因组是(  )。", "options": {"A": "双链线状DNA", "B": "双链环状DNA", "C": "单链负股环状或自身配对呈杆状RNA", "D": "双链RNA"}, "answer": "双链环状DNA", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.属于急性风湿热风湿活动的证据(  )。", "options": {"A": "瓣膜病", "B": "皮下结节", "C": "血沉增快、CRP阳性", "D": "心电图可见ST段下移及T波平坦或倒置"}, "answer": "血沉增快、CRP阳性", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.孕8~10周孕激素的主要来源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "合体滋养细胞", "B": "羊膜、叶状绒毛膜", "C": "胎儿肾上腺及胎儿肝脏", "D": "脐带血"}, "answer": "合体滋养细胞", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,36岁。春节乘长途汽车回家途中,突然感觉心前区发闷,呼吸困难,出汗,觉得自己就要不行了,不能自控,要发疯,为此感到紧张,害怕,立即被送到医院急诊,未经特殊处理,半小时后症状消失,体格检查正常。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心绞痛", "B": "惊恐发作", "C": "分离(转换)性障碍", "D": "嗜铬细胞瘤"}, "answer": "惊恐发作", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.灭鼠可阻断(  )。", "options": {"A": "森林脑炎的传播", "B": "登革热的传播", "C": "腮腺炎的传播", "D": "肾综合征出血热的传播"}, "answer": "肾综合征出血热的传播", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某患者,全身肌紧张增高,随意运动减少,动作缓慢,面部表情呆板。临床诊断为震颤麻痹。其病变主要发生在(  )。", "options": {"A": "黑质", "B": "小脑", "C": "红核", "D": "苍白球"}, "answer": "黑质", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一侧节段性分离感觉障碍,即痛、温觉障碍而触觉及深感觉保留,病变部位在(  )。", "options": {"A": "同侧脊髓后根", "B": "同侧脊髓后角", "C": "同侧脊髓丘脑束", "D": "对侧脊髓丘脑束"}, "answer": "同侧脊髓后角", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.右壳核出血眼征(  )。", "options": {"A": "左侧瞳孔散大", "B": "双瞳孔散大", "C": "双眼向上凝视", "D": "双眼向右凝视"}, "answer": "双眼向右凝视", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.维拉帕米(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯烷胺类", "B": "二氢吡啶类", "C": "二苯哌嗪类", "D": "其他类"}, "answer": "苯烷胺类", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肾癌典型的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消瘦、肿块和疼痛", "B": "高血压、肿块和疼痛", "C": "血尿、肿块和疼痛", "D": "水肿、肿块和疼痛"}, "answer": "血尿、肿块和疼痛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.属于呼吸链中直接递电子给氧的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "NADH", "B": "NADPH", "C": "Cytaa3", "D": "泛醌"}, "answer": "Cytaa3", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "梗死发生最常见的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血栓形成", "B": "动脉痉挛", "C": "血管受压", "D": "静脉石"}, "answer": "血栓形成", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "膜型IgM为(  )。", "options": {"A": "五聚体", "B": "三聚体", "C": "单体", "D": "白细胞粘附缺陷"}, "answer": "单体", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "骨筋膜室综合征最主要的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抬高患肢,以利消肿", "B": "给予血管舒张剂,消除血管痉挛", "C": "做臂位麻醉,解除血管痉挛", "D": "解除包扎固定物,经观察不见好转,切开筋膜减压"}, "answer": "解除包扎固定物,经观察不见好转,切开筋膜减压", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,26岁。3天前咳血痰,今日咯血量达250ml左右。既往身体健康。体检:体温37℃,右肩胛下少量细小湿啰音,心尖部2级柔和的收缩期杂音,X线胸片无异常发现。2.为确诊,在咯血停止、病情稳定后,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部CT", "B": "PET", "C": "纤维支气管镜检查", "D": "X线断层摄片"}, "answer": "纤维支气管镜检查", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "青年男性,近半年来逐渐出现生活懒散,不愿工作,神情呆滞,有时暗自发笑,有时叹气,说听到鸟叫的声音或火车鸣笛声。1.对精神疾病诊断最有意义的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "失眠", "B": "情感不稳", "C": "幻听", "D": "钟情妄想"}, "answer": "幻听", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪一项不是白喉杆菌的特性?(  )", "options": {"A": "形态特征有异染颗粒", "B": "用抗毒素可以进行预防", "C": "锡克试验阳性说明机体有了免疫力", "D": "只有携带β-棒状杆菌噬菌体的白喉杆菌才能产生外毒素"}, "answer": "用抗毒素可以进行预防", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于凋亡的描述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "凋亡是生理性死亡", "B": "常伴有明显的炎症反应", "C": "肝细胞碎片状坏死是固缩性坏死", "D": "肝细胞嗜酸性小体属凋亡"}, "answer": "肝细胞嗜酸性小体属凋亡", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于医患关系的性质,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医患关系是建立在平等基础上的契约关系", "B": "医患关系是同志式的平等关系", "C": "医患关系双方因为医生处于主动一方,患者处于被动一方而成为不平等的人际关系", "D": "医患关系是以社会主义法制为保障建立起来的信托关系"}, "answer": "医患关系双方因为医生处于主动一方,患者处于被动一方而成为不平等的人际关系", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.心房纤颤病人心室率在每分钟100次以上者手术前(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服地高辛0.25mg,每日1次", "B": "毛花苷C0.4mg加入25%葡萄糖20ml,静脉缓慢推注", "C": "皮下注射阿托品0.5mg", "D": "少量多次输血"}, "answer": "毛花苷C0.4mg加入25%葡萄糖20ml,静脉缓慢推注", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肾盂结石2.8cm,肾功能正常,中度肾积水,首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "药物排石", "B": "体外冲击波碎石", "C": "多饮水密切随访", "D": "经皮肾镜碎石取石"}, "answer": "经皮肾镜碎石取石", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于病毒的概念,有错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "在细胞外不能产生能量", "B": "在细胞外不能合成自身复制所需能酶", "C": "需降解宿主细胞的DNA以获得核苷酸", "D": "包膜病毒需用宿主的细胞膜作为自身的包膜成分"}, "answer": "需降解宿主细胞的DNA以获得核苷酸", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "瘢痕性幽门梗阻病人术前纠正体液代谢和酸碱失衡时,选用的液体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1.25%碳酸氢钠液", "B": "1.25%碳酸氢钠液+5%葡萄糖液", "C": "氯化钾+5%葡萄糖液", "D": "1/6mmol乳酸钠液"}, "answer": "氯化钾+5%葡萄糖液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于高血压合并2型糖尿病患者,下列药物中有利于延缓糖尿病肾病进展的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "缬沙坦", "B": "氢氯噻嗪", "C": "吲达帕胺", "D": "普萘洛尔"}, "answer": "缬沙坦", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,18岁。因终末肾脏病行肾脏移植手术,其母亲为其供肾者,这种移植类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "同基因移植", "B": "同种异体移植", "C": "同系移植", "D": "自体移植"}, "answer": "同种异体移植", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "伸直型肱骨髁上骨折多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "老年女性", "B": "老年男性", "C": "儿童", "D": "中年男性"}, "answer": "儿童", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,40岁,3个月前精神受刺激,3个月来睡眠差,常口渴难忍,夜间亦需大量饮水,每日饮水4~5暖壶,喜饮凉水。尿量明显增加平均每小时排尿一次,夜间也需排尿5次以上,全天尿量达9L。病人自觉吞咽困难几乎不能咽下干粮,只能进食带汤水的食物。发病以来精神差,烦躁,消瘦,心悸,哆嗦,近两周出现头痛。2.进一步应作哪项检查明确病因(  )。", "options": {"A": "头颅CT或MRI", "B": "TRAb", "C": "T3,T4", "D": "TSH"}, "answer": "头颅CT或MRI", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "健康管理的首要步骤一般是(  )。", "options": {"A": "收集健康信息", "B": "健康维护计划的制订", "C": "健康维护计划的实施", "D": "疾病危险度评估"}, "answer": "收集健康信息", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.孕36周,子痫,抽搐控制6小时,此时恰当的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人工破膜", "B": "剖宫产", "C": "引产", "D": "低位产钳术"}, "answer": "剖宫产", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,42岁。发热2周,持续胸痛1天,既往体健,吸烟20年,查体:110/80mmHg,双肺呼吸音清,心率105次/分,律齐。心电图:除aVR导联外的导联ST段呈弓背向下抬高,实验室检查:血肌钙蛋白阴性,该患者胸痛的最可能原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性心包炎", "B": "气胸", "C": "急性心肌梗死", "D": "变异性心绞痛"}, "answer": "急性心包炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "浆细胞主要存在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "外周血", "B": "脾及淋巴结", "C": "粘膜相关的淋巴组织", "D": "骨髓"}, "answer": "脾及淋巴结", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "机体对创伤或感染代谢反应不同于禁食代谢反应的主要特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "处理葡萄糖的能力降低", "B": "体内蛋白质分解减慢", "C": "尿氮减少", "D": "脂肪动用减慢"}, "answer": "处理葡萄糖的能力降低", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,36岁。饮酒后中上腹持续性疼痛9小时,呕吐2次来院急诊。既往体健。体检:体温37.8℃,上腹偏左压痛,伴轻度肌紧张。2.如为急性胰腺炎,下列哪项治疗方法是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "应用阿托品或山莨菪碱(654-2)", "B": "禁食、补液", "C": "维持水与电解质平衡", "D": "静脉滴注西咪替丁"}, "answer": "应用阿托品或山莨菪碱(654-2)", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有一患者伤后出现单侧坐骨神经痛及腰痛,直腿抬高试验及加强试验阳性,脊柱侧弯,踝反射异常,足趾跖屈力减退,此时最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "L2~3椎间盘突出", "B": "L3~4椎间盘突出", "C": "L4~5椎间盘突出", "D": "L5~S1椎间盘突出"}, "answer": "L5~S1椎间盘突出", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列与阑尾相关的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阑尾组织中含有丰富的淋巴滤泡", "B": "阑尾炎发病时的脐周痛属内脏性疼痛", "C": "成人切除阑尾将损害机体的免疫功能", "D": "阑尾黏膜深部有嗜银细胞,与类癌发生有关"}, "answer": "成人切除阑尾将损害机体的免疫功能", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "脑内突然涌现出大量异己的奇怪念头,病人对此也感莫名其妙,且不能控制,此症状可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "思维散漫", "B": "强制性思维", "C": "强迫性思维", "D": "病理性象征性思维"}, "answer": "强制性思维", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,54岁。肛门胀痛6天,为持续性痛,逐渐加重,排便和行走时出现剧痛,有里急后重和排便困难,伴发热,全身不适。查体:T 39.6℃,肛门左侧红肿,有明显压痛。肛诊:直肠左侧饱满,压痛(+),有波动感。实验室检查:WBC 21×109/L,N 0.92。决定立即行切开引流手术。最主要的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "局部饱满有波动感", "B": "有排便困难", "C": "高热、全身症状", "D": "行走时出现疼痛"}, "answer": "局部饱满有波动感", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "早产儿生后3天,表现不哭、不动、不吃、体温不升,于2004年12月入院,查体:全身冰凉,心率慢,四肢水肿,皮肤发紫、变硬,肺腹(-)。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿败血症", "B": "新生儿化脓性脑膜炎", "C": "新生儿肺炎", "D": "新生儿硬肿症"}, "answer": "新生儿硬肿症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,69岁。发现右乳房肿块1个月。既往有乳腺增生史,曾服用活血化瘀中药治疗。体检:双侧乳房、乳头对称,乳头无凹陷,皮肤无橘皮样改变,右乳外上象限可触及一1cm×1.3cm大肿块,质中等,表面尚光滑,活动。右腋窝可触及肿大的淋巴结,活动度良好。细针穿刺肿块细胞学检查发现癌细胞。5.如患者接受了乳腺癌根治术,应清除的淋巴结包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸小肌外侧、胸小肌深面及胸小肌内侧淋巴结", "B": "腋下组及腋中组淋巴结", "C": "锁骨下及锁骨上淋巴结", "D": "锁骨上、锁骨下及胸肌间淋巴结"}, "answer": "胸小肌外侧、胸小肌深面及胸小肌内侧淋巴结", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.与鼻咽癌有关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "EBV", "B": "CMV", "C": "VZV", "D": "HSV-1"}, "answer": "EBV", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于下列无症状的胆囊结石,不做胆囊切除,只需观察随诊的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结石直径小于1cm", "B": "合并糖尿病且糖尿病已控制时", "C": "伴有胆囊息肉", "D": "合并瓷化胆囊"}, "answer": "结石直径小于1cm", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列病毒中可引起心肌炎和心包膜炎的病毒是(  )。", "options": {"A": "EB病毒", "B": "柯萨奇病毒", "C": "单纯疱疹病毒", "D": "巨细胞病毒"}, "answer": "柯萨奇病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "注射破伤风抗毒素以后患者可能出现休克、发热、蛋白尿、血尿、淋巴结肿大等,原因可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅰ型超敏反应", "B": "Ⅱ型超敏反应", "C": "Ⅳ型超敏反应", "D": "I型或Ⅲ型超敏反应"}, "answer": "I型或Ⅲ型超敏反应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于主动脉瓣口狭窄的描述中,下列哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "左心室肥大", "B": "右心肥大、扩张", "C": "脉压差增大", "D": "心绞痛"}, "answer": "脉压差增大", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,28岁。反复饥饿性上腹痛3年,进食及碱性药物后可缓解。腹部查体不可能存在(  )。", "options": {"A": "上腹部轻压痛", "B": "上腹部触及包块", "C": "腹肌紧张", "D": "肠鸣音活跃"}, "answer": "肠鸣音活跃", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "7岁女孩,低热半月,消瘦轻咳。查体:T38℃,营养差,右背下部听诊呼吸音减低,下肢有结节性红斑,接种过卡介苗,PPD试验强阳性。4.如果此患儿出现头痛、呕吐,脑膜刺激征阳性,应首先进行的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头颅B超", "B": "颅透光检查", "C": "脑脊液", "D": "脑电图"}, "answer": "脑脊液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在体外人工培养至今仍未成功的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "白喉棒状杆菌", "B": "麻风分枝杆菌", "C": "流感嗜血杆菌", "D": "军团菌"}, "answer": "麻风分枝杆菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "人工减小细胞浸浴液中的Na+浓度,所记录的动作电位出现什么变化?(  )", "options": {"A": "幅度变小", "B": "时程缩短", "C": "幅度变大", "D": "复极相延长"}, "answer": "幅度变小", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有降血糖及抗利尿作用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "格列本脲", "B": "氯磺丙脲", "C": "二甲双胍", "D": "苯乙双胍"}, "answer": "氯磺丙脲", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "C0和氰化物中毒致死的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制cytb中Fe3+", "B": "抑制cytaa3中Fe3+", "C": "抑制血红蛋白中Fe3+", "D": "抑制cytc1中Fe3+"}, "answer": "抑制cytaa3中Fe3+", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新生儿甲状腺功能减低症常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "足月儿", "B": "早产儿", "C": "过期产儿", "D": "低出生体重儿"}, "answer": "过期产儿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.女,31岁。婚后2年未孕,性生活正常,既往痛经5年,妇科检查:子宫后倾后屈位,正常大小,活动度差,后穹隆有触痛结节,子宫左侧可触及直径5cm包块,该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "输卵管妊娠", "B": "生殖器结核", "C": "盆腔炎性疾病", "D": "子宫内膜异位症"}, "answer": "子宫内膜异位症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有一名颅底骨折病人,哪项是正确的(  )。", "options": {"A": "血性脑脊液病人,腰穿放脑脊液", "B": "脑脊液耳漏。需尽早修补硬膜漏口", "C": "伤后视力减退,超过1个月可手术减压", "D": "着重观察有无脑损伤,并处理脑脊液漏,神经损伤等"}, "answer": "着重观察有无脑损伤,并处理脑脊液漏,神经损伤等", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.上述哪项是唯一能通过胎盘的免疫球蛋白(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgG", "B": "sIgA", "C": "IgE", "D": "IgD"}, "answer": "IgG", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于肩关节周围炎,下列哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "能自愈", "B": "主要为肩痛,活动受限", "C": "常伴有手指麻木感", "D": "醋酸泼尼松龙局部封闭有效"}, "answer": "常伴有手指麻木感", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪一项是溶组织内阿米巴的致病型?(  )", "options": {"A": "包囊", "B": "小滋养体", "C": "大滋养体", "D": "裂殖体"}, "answer": "大滋养体", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "频发的周期性麻痹应选的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸腺摘除", "B": "强的松", "C": "吡啶斯的明", "D": "卡马西平"}, "answer": "强的松", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医学伦理学中最古老、最有生命力的医德范畴是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医疗义务", "B": "医疗审慎", "C": "医疗良心", "D": "医疗保密"}, "answer": "医疗保密", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于颅底骨折,下列哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "形态多为线性骨折", "B": "根据部位可分为三型", "C": "若伤及颈动脉,可形成海绵窦瘘", "D": "可表现为中枢性面瘫"}, "answer": "可表现为中枢性面瘫", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.沙眼衣原体可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "Q热", "B": "大叶性肺炎", "C": "非淋球菌性尿道炎", "D": "性病淋巴肉芽肿"}, "answer": "性病淋巴肉芽肿", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,25岁,背部刀伤,伤口流血2h,体查:神志尚清楚,诉口渴,皮肤苍白,稍冷,脉搏110/min,血压12/9.33kPA(90/70mmHg),脉压小,表浅静脉塌陷,尿少。2.估计此病人失血量约占全身血容量的多少?(  )", "options": {"A": "<20%", "B": "20%~40%", "C": "40%左右", "D": "50%左右"}, "answer": "20%~40%", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,1岁,咳嗽,发热伴腹泻2周,进食少,每日大便7~8次,为黄色水样便,近3日嗜睡、乏力,头不能竖起。体检:体重7kg,表情淡漠,面色苍白,下颌呼吸,30次/min,不规则,两肺呼吸音粗糙,可闻及少量中、小水泡音,心率92次/min,心音低钝,腹胀,肠鸣音减少,皮肤干燥,弹性差,皮下脂肪厚0.4cm,膝反射消失。2.首先应给予的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血电解质测定", "B": "血糖测定", "C": "心电图检查", "D": "脑电图检查"}, "answer": "血电解质测定", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女孩,2岁。发热3天。最高体温39℃,伴流涎、厌食、呕吐。查体:急性热病容,咽部充血,在咽腭弓的黏膜上可见多个2~4mm大小疱疹,有的破溃成小溃疡。该患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "咽结合膜热", "B": "疱疹性口腔炎", "C": "流行性感冒", "D": "疱疹性咽峡炎"}, "answer": "疱疹性咽峡炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,14岁,因腰痛、发热、尿频、尿急、尿痛而求治。检查后诊断为大肠杆菌所致的泌尿系感染,应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "诺氟沙星", "B": "青霉素", "C": "一代头孢", "D": "苯唑西林"}, "answer": "诺氟沙星", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "尿中发现大量透明管型时,说明病变在(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小管和肾盏", "B": "肾小管和肾盂", "C": "肾小管和肾小球", "D": "输尿管和膀胱"}, "answer": "肾小管和肾盏", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "可预防心身疾病的措施除外(  )。", "options": {"A": "减少负性情绪对健康的不良影响", "B": "养成健康行为习惯和生活方式", "C": "多参加社会活动", "D": "劳逸结合,不超负荷工作"}, "answer": "多参加社会活动", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.佝偻病恢复期(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶均正常,有“O”形腿", "B": "血清钙、磷趋向正常,长骨钙化带重新出现", "C": "血清钙降低,血磷升高,有“O”形腿", "D": "血清钙、磷降低,长骨干骺端临时钙化带模糊"}, "answer": "血清钙、磷趋向正常,长骨钙化带重新出现", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "每天尿量多少为儿童无尿(  )。", "options": {"A": "少于300ml/m2", "B": "少于200ml/m2", "C": "少于l00ml/m2", "D": "少于50ml/m2"}, "answer": "少于50ml/m2", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于普罗帕酮,哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "有β受体阻断作用", "B": "口服吸收完全,生物利用率低", "C": "减慢希.浦纤维的传导速度", "D": "是一个很安全的常用的广谱抗心律失常药"}, "answer": "是一个很安全的常用的广谱抗心律失常药", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,48岁,肝硬化病史6年,大量放腹腔积液后出现睡眠障碍、扑翼样震颤、脑电图异常,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝性脑病Ⅱ级", "B": "肝性脑病Ⅲ级", "C": "肝性脑病Ⅳ级", "D": "亚临床肝性脑病"}, "answer": "肝性脑病Ⅱ级", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "诊断腺癌时,下列指标中最重要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肿瘤出血坏死明显", "B": "肿瘤呈浸润性生长", "C": "肿瘤发生于实体腺", "D": "恶性肿瘤细胞呈腺样排列"}, "answer": "恶性肿瘤细胞呈腺样排列", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,16岁。反复左腰部胀痛不适2年,B超发现左肾积水6cm×4cm。上尿路未见结石。为明确病因最有价值的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部CT", "B": "腹部X线平片", "C": "静脉尿路造影", "D": "左侧逆行肾盂造影"}, "answer": "左侧逆行肾盂造影", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列辅酶或辅基中含有维生素PP的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "辅酶I", "B": "辅酶A", "C": "TPP", "D": "FAD"}, "answer": "辅酶I", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是朊病毒引起的主要疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "艾滋病", "B": "克雅病", "C": "莱姆病", "D": "恙虫病"}, "answer": "克雅病", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "人的基本生命中枢位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "下丘脑", "B": "中脑网状结构", "C": "延髓网状结构", "D": "脊髓灰质"}, "answer": "延髓网状结构", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于病毒性肺炎早期快速的病原学检查法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "冷凝集试验", "B": "双份血清抗体测定", "C": "免疫荧光法", "D": "抗原检测"}, "answer": "免疫荧光法", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.胎盘未剥离时过早挤揉子宫可造成(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎盘滞留", "B": "胎盘粘连", "C": "胎盘剥离不全", "D": "胎盘嵌顿"}, "answer": "胎盘剥离不全", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "艾滋病的表现中哪一种是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "神经系统症状", "B": "体质性疾病", "C": "免疫缺陷所致感染", "D": "顽固休克"}, "answer": "顽固休克", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.日本血吸虫之幼虫可引起何种病变(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮炎", "B": "肠系膜静脉及门静脉炎", "C": "肺炎", "D": "胆管炎"}, "answer": "肺炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "金葡菌肺炎患儿突然出现呼吸急促,首先应考虑下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "高热", "B": "脓气胸", "C": "酸中毒", "D": "心力衰竭"}, "answer": "脓气胸", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小脑幕裂孔疝致一侧瞳孔散大的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "疝侧中脑受压", "B": "动眼神经受压", "C": "疝侧桥脑受压", "D": "疝侧延髓受压"}, "answer": "动眼神经受压", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "用阿托品阻断M受体可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "唾液分泌增多", "B": "胰液分泌增多", "C": "吞咽困难", "D": "胃肠运动减弱"}, "answer": "胃肠运动减弱", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "判断疝是否绞窄的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "疝内容物是否有血循环障碍", "B": "疝局部是否有红肿或疼痛", "C": "疝内容物是否完全回纳", "D": "有无肠梗阻表现"}, "answer": "疝内容物是否有血循环障碍", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "老年女性,绝经10年,近1周白带带血丝。妇科检查:宫颈中度糜烂,子宫后倾,稍小。双侧附件未见异常,宫颈刮片细胞学检查巴氏三级。1.该患者绝经后最可能的出血原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫颈糜烂", "B": "子宫颈癌", "C": "绒毛膜癌", "D": "侵蚀性葡萄胎"}, "answer": "子宫颈癌", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "生后24小时内出现黄疸者,应首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿肝炎", "B": "新生儿溶血病", "C": "败血症", "D": "母乳性黄疸"}, "answer": "新生儿溶血病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,20岁。咽疼、咳嗽、发热,1周后发现尿色红,眼睑水肿,尿量1000ml/24h。体检:全身皮肤未见皮疹,血压150/100mmHg。化验:尿蛋白(++),红细胞50~60/HP,血白蛋白32g/L,血肌酐123μmol/L。3.按上述治疗2个月后,病情无好转,血肌酐300μmol/L,对诊断最有价值的进一步检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "清洁中段尿培养", "B": "肾穿刺活检", "C": "肾脏ECT", "D": "PET"}, "answer": "肾穿刺活检", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,25岁。晨起觉脐周疼痛,伴恶心。午后觉右下腹明显疼痛,不能忍受。查体:T 38.0℃,BP 110/80mmHg,右下腹肌紧张、压痛、反跳痛阳性。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "十二指肠溃疡穿孔", "B": "急性肠梗阻", "C": "急性阑尾炎", "D": "急性胆囊炎"}, "answer": "急性阑尾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不属于嘌呤核苷酸从头合成直接原料是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CO2", "B": "甘氨酸", "C": "谷氨酸", "D": "一碳单位"}, "answer": "谷氨酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "变性后的蛋白质,下列叙述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溶解度增加", "B": "相对分子质量降低", "C": "不易被蛋白酶水解", "D": "生物学活性丧失"}, "answer": "生物学活性丧失", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,41岁。上腹肿痛十余年。常伴恶心,多在餐后约1小时发作,1~2小时可自行缓解,秋冬及冬春季症状明显。胃镜下黏膜活检组织Warthin-Starry银染色阳性,提示细菌感染。这种致病菌的特点不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "至少需用质子泵抑制剂加两种抗生素治疗", "B": "培养时需要加入5%~10%羊血或马血", "C": "革兰染色阳性", "D": "培养3~7天可见针状大小的菌落"}, "answer": "革兰染色阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "革兰阳性菌的渗透压一般高达(  )。", "options": {"A": "5~6个大气压", "B": "10个大气压", "C": "15~20个大气压", "D": "20~25个大气压"}, "answer": "20~25个大气压", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5岁小儿按公式计算身高、体重及头围约是(  )。", "options": {"A": "118cm,22kg,54cm", "B": "114cm,21kg,53cm", "C": "108cm,19kg,51cm", "D": "105cm,18kg,50cm"}, "answer": "105cm,18kg,50cm", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,56岁,阵发性腹痛6天,伴恶心腹胀2天入院,无发热。查体:腹膨隆,见肠型,肠鸣音亢进,有气过水声,腹部平片见腹中部扩张小肠呈“阶梯状”液平,结肠内少量积气,可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低位小肠梗阻", "B": "高位小肠梗阻", "C": "坏死性小肠炎", "D": "乙状结肠扭转"}, "answer": "低位小肠梗阻", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是激活NK细胞、增强杀伤功能的细胞因子?(  )", "options": {"A": "IL-5、IL-3", "B": "IL-4、IL-7", "C": "IL-2、IFN-γ", "D": "IL-6、GM-CSF"}, "answer": "IL-2、IFN-γ", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是诊断温抗体型溶血性贫血最重要的实验室检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "Ham试验", "B": "Coombs试验", "C": "免疫球蛋白测定", "D": "血红蛋白电泳"}, "answer": "Coombs试验", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "Apgar评分为3分的小儿最先采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸尽呼吸道堵塞物", "B": "气管内插管", "C": "心脏按压", "D": "用镇静药"}, "answer": "吸尽呼吸道堵塞物", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "提示心包积液的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Musset征", "B": "脉短绌", "C": "Ewart征", "D": "Duroziez征"}, "answer": "Ewart征", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.肺脓肿的常见病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "B": "呼吸道合胞病毒", "C": "肺炎链球菌", "D": "肺炎支原体"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.三羧酸循环中草酰乙酸的来源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙酮酸羧化", "B": "乙酰CoA缩合", "C": "糖原分解", "D": "糖原合成"}, "answer": "丙酮酸羧化", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于医务人员决策权的下列认识和做法中,正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "需要用强制的方法干涉某些患者嗜酒的不良行为", "B": "需要根据病人的意见,开具诊断书", "C": "如何运用药物治疗可以不必考虑患者的意见", "D": "是住院治疗还是门诊治疗,由医者最后决策"}, "answer": "是住院治疗还是门诊治疗,由医者最后决策", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,34岁,6天前发热、咽痛,应用抗生素治疗无效。查体:颈部浅表淋巴结肿大,咽部充血,扁桃体Ⅱ度肿大,下肢少许瘀斑。化验:白细胞16.6×109/L,原始细胞0.60,血红蛋白80g/L,血小板34×109/L。对该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性白血病", "B": "再生障碍性贫血", "C": "溶血性贫血", "D": "缺铁性贫血"}, "answer": "急性白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.骨性关节炎病变始于(  )。", "options": {"A": "滑膜", "B": "软骨", "C": "骨", "D": "关节囊"}, "answer": "软骨", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.T0N2M0的TNM分期为(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅰ期", "B": "Ⅱ期", "C": "Ⅲ期", "D": "Ⅳ期"}, "answer": "Ⅲ期", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在股骨颈骨折治疗的过程中,下列说法不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内收骨折或有移位的股骨颈骨折,可先牵引,7~12日内进行内固定", "B": "65岁以上病人头下型股骨颈骨折可行人工股骨头置换术", "C": "儿童和青壮年的股骨颈骨折尽量不行手术治疗", "D": "陈旧性股骨颈骨折不愈合者可行转子问截骨术"}, "answer": "儿童和青壮年的股骨颈骨折尽量不行手术治疗", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,32岁。发热、下腹痛、腹泻1个月。体温最高38.1℃,大便3次/日,黄稀便,无脓血。查体:T 37.5℃,P 90次/分,R 18次/分,BP 120/80mmHg。双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿啰音,心律齐,腹软,无压痛。腹部B超示右下腹部肠壁增厚。对诊断最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "下消化道X线钡剂造影", "B": "腹部CT", "C": "结肠镜", "D": "腹部X线平片"}, "answer": "结肠镜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是卡托普利常见的不良反应?(  )", "options": {"A": "刺激性干咳", "B": "直立性低血压", "C": "阳痿", "D": "反射性心率加快"}, "answer": "刺激性干咳", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "假膜性炎的特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "在粘膜发生的纤维素性炎", "B": "容易发生机化", "C": "以上都不对", "D": "以上都正确"}, "answer": "在粘膜发生的纤维素性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "初产妇,26岁。规律宫缩13小时,已破膜。产科检查:枕左前位,胎心率92次/分,宫口开全,胎头S=+3。该患者正确的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "行剖宫产", "B": "等待自然分娩", "C": "会阴侧切后自然分娩", "D": "会阴侧切后产钳助娩"}, "answer": "会阴侧切后产钳助娩", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "诊断成人腰椎结核最可靠的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低热盗汗、乏力、食欲缺乏", "B": "腰痛、活动困难、棘突扣痛", "C": "X线片示椎间隙窄,椎体邻缘模糊", "D": "结核菌素试验阳性"}, "answer": "X线片示椎间隙窄,椎体邻缘模糊", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "右下腹麦氏点压痛、反跳痛、肌紧张是急性阑尾炎的典型体征,其发生的主要机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "炎症致盲肠痉挛", "B": "内脏神经反射", "C": "阑尾腔压力增高", "D": "炎症刺激壁层腹膜"}, "answer": "炎症刺激壁层腹膜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.以白蛋白为主的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "母乳", "B": "牛奶", "C": "全脂奶粉", "D": "酸牛奶"}, "answer": "母乳", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.吃药后的副作用(  )。", "options": {"A": "化学因素", "B": "物理因素", "C": "与工作有关的应激源", "D": "心理应激源"}, "answer": "化学因素", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "将心肌细胞分为快、慢反应细胞主要是根据动作电位的(  )。", "options": {"A": "0期去极速度", "B": "2期复极速度", "C": "3期复极速度", "D": "4期自动去极速度"}, "answer": "0期去极速度", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一女性,55岁,丧偶8年,现独居,嗜烟酒,不爱运动。平时性情抑郁,过分容忍,办事无主见,常顺从于别人。1月前行胃癌切除,术中及术后情绪低落,兴趣下降,独自流泪,有轻生之念。3.病人患胃癌的主要是因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "易感性人格特征", "B": "生活事件", "C": "情绪因素", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "初孕妇,32岁。妊娠20周,合并子宫肌壁间肌瘤,剧烈腹痛1天,无阴道流血,查体:T 38.2℃,血常规:WBC 10×109/L,N 0.75。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫肌瘤蒂扭转", "B": "子宫肌瘤合并急性阑尾炎", "C": "子宫肌瘤合并感染", "D": "子宫肌瘤红色样变"}, "answer": "子宫肌瘤红色样变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病早期诊断的可靠指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血磷", "B": "血钙磷乘积", "C": "血碱性磷酸酶", "D": "血25-(OH)D3"}, "answer": "血25-(OH)D3", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,3岁。被牵拉前臂后,出现肘部疼痛,不愿用手取物,桡骨近端压痛。X线片检查未见骨折征象。最适宜的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肩肘固定带悬挂", "B": "石膏固定", "C": "手法复位", "D": "切开探查"}, "answer": "手法复位", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "青年男性病人,腰痛、腰僵硬,逐渐出现驼背,X线片见骶髂关节模糊、间隙消失,可能诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性腰扭伤", "B": "腰椎结核", "C": "腰间盘突出症", "D": "强直性脊柱炎"}, "answer": "强直性脊柱炎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.75岁老人,跌倒手掌着地,致桡骨下端骨折(  )。", "options": {"A": "切开复位、内固定", "B": "悬吊牵引", "C": "骨牵引", "D": "手法复位,石膏外固定"}, "answer": "手法复位,石膏外固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.属于器官特异性自身免疫病的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "重症肌无力", "B": "系统性红斑狼疮", "C": "肺炎", "D": "出血热"}, "answer": "重症肌无力", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "脑器质性精神症状的有无在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "右侧大脑半球受累", "B": "左侧大脑半球受累", "C": "双侧大脑半球受累", "D": "以上各项均可"}, "answer": "以上各项均可", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "葡萄糖顺浓度梯度跨膜转运是通过细胞膜上的(  )。", "options": {"A": "紧密连接", "B": "脂质双分子", "C": "载体蛋白", "D": "钠泵"}, "answer": "载体蛋白", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,20岁,发热2周,体温38~39℃,检查皮肤散在紫癜,颈部及腋下可触及0.5cm×1.5cm大小淋巴结5或6个,脾肋下3cm,血红蛋白85g/L,白细胞10×109/L,血小板25×109/L。3.此患者在发热、头痛、呕吐第213做脑脊液检查,最可能的发现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑脊液中性粒细胞增高", "B": "细菌培养阳性", "C": "脑脊液发现结核杆菌", "D": "脑脊液白血病细胞增多"}, "answer": "脑脊液白血病细胞增多", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.泌尿系结核的尿异常表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "活动后血尿", "B": "全程无痛性血尿", "C": "尿频尿急后伴血尿", "D": "阵发性蛋白尿"}, "answer": "尿频尿急后伴血尿", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,50岁。3年来劳累后气促,曾诊为哮喘,X线片示前上纵隔类圆形阴影压迫气管。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺癌", "B": "神经源性肿瘤", "C": "淋巴瘤", "D": "胸骨后甲状腺肿"}, "answer": "胸骨后甲状腺肿", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,8天,足月顺产,母乳喂养。近2日来哭声低弱,不吃奶,黄疸加深。体检:体温不升,面色发灰,脐部有脓性分泌物。血清总胆红素221μmol/L(13mg/dl),直接胆红素17μmol/L(1mg/dl),子血型“O”,母血型“A”。引起黄疸的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿肝炎", "B": "新生儿败血症", "C": "新生儿ABO溶血病", "D": "新生儿Rh溶血病"}, "answer": "新生儿败血症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "霍乱的主要临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹泻、呕吐", "B": "循环衰竭", "C": "声音嘶哑", "D": "腓肠肌痉挛"}, "answer": "腹泻、呕吐", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.破伤风杆菌产生(  )。", "options": {"A": "痉挛毒素", "B": "表皮剥脱毒素", "C": "毒素休克综合征毒素", "D": "肉毒毒素"}, "answer": "痉挛毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "IgG的生物学作用之一是(  )。", "options": {"A": "与Ag结合后有激活补体", "B": "是分泌液中主要的保护性抗体", "C": "与Ag作用后,体内最先出现", "D": "不能透过胎盘盘"}, "answer": "与Ag结合后有激活补体", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项不是系膜增生性肾小球肾炎的临床表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "无症状蛋白尿", "B": "慢性肾炎综合症", "C": "肾病综合征", "D": "菌尿"}, "answer": "菌尿", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "引起新生儿败血症的病原菌种类随不同的地区和年代而异,我国一直最常见的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "B": "表皮葡萄球菌", "C": "大肠杆菌", "D": "铜绿假单胞菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "早期胃癌的概念是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "癌组织仅限于黏膜层", "B": "癌组织浸润限于黏膜层及黏膜下层", "C": "癌组织浸润限于浅肌层", "D": "无局部淋巴结转移"}, "answer": "癌组织浸润限于黏膜层及黏膜下层", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于婴儿期,哪项描述是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "生长发育速度最快", "B": "营养物质的需要量与消化吸收功能相适应", "C": "来自母体的抗体逐渐消失抗病能力减弱", "D": "婴儿期包含新生儿期"}, "answer": "营养物质的需要量与消化吸收功能相适应", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,48岁。反复双手近端指间关节、膝关节痛伴晨僵2年,肘部伸侧可触及皮下结节,质硬、无触痛。2.最有助于确定诊断的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗核抗体", "B": "血沉", "C": "血C反应蛋白", "D": "血抗溶血链球菌“O”测定"}, "answer": "抗核抗体", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿10月,诊断为营养性缺铁性贫血,给予铁剂治疗1周,想了解是否有效。2.当血红蛋白升到正常后,铁剂治疗应该(  )。", "options": {"A": "停用铁剂", "B": "改用食疗", "C": "继续服用6~8周", "D": "加用维生素B12"}, "answer": "继续服用6~8周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列选项中,不属于局麻的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "表面麻醉", "B": "局部浸润麻醉", "C": "骶管麻醉", "D": "神经麻醉"}, "answer": "骶管麻醉", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.以上哪项是评价肺通气功能较好的指标?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺总量", "B": "时间肺活量", "C": "每分通气量", "D": "肺活量"}, "answer": "时间肺活量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,60岁。右下肢水肿4年,1天前出现呼吸困难,并进行性加重,血气分析(未吸氧)pH 7.46,PaO2 56mmHg,PaCO2 28mmHg。3.大面积肺栓塞治疗可降低死亡率的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝素抗凝", "B": "rt-PA溶栓", "C": "卧床休息", "D": "吸氧"}, "answer": "rt-PA溶栓", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肾小球滤过率是指单位时间内(  )。", "options": {"A": "每侧肾脏生成的原尿量", "B": "两侧肾脏生成的原尿量", "C": "两侧肾脏生成的终尿量", "D": "每侧肾血浆的滤过量"}, "answer": "两侧肾脏生成的原尿量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.Pratt试验的目的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "深静脉是否通畅", "B": "检测交通静脉功能", "C": "检测血供是否充足", "D": "检测大隐静脉与深静脉交通瓣膜功能"}, "answer": "检测交通静脉功能", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于惊恐障碍的叙述,以下哪项错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "通常起病急骤,终止也迅速", "B": "每次一般历时5~20分钟,很少超过1小时", "C": "症状不是继发于其他躯体或精神疾病", "D": "发作期间大多意识清晰"}, "answer": "发作期间大多意识清晰", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "胆汁中与脂肪消化关系密切的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆固醇", "B": "磷脂酰胆碱(卵磷脂)", "C": "胆盐", "D": "脂肪酸"}, "answer": "胆盐", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于意志说法错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "随意运动是意志行动的基础", "B": "克服困难是意志行动的核心", "C": "意志是绝对自由的", "D": "意志是自觉地确定目的"}, "answer": "意志是绝对自由的", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不属艾滋病4期内容的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "无症状感染", "B": "前驱期", "C": "持续性全身淋巴结肿大综合征", "D": "艾滋病"}, "answer": "前驱期", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,45岁。被鱼刺扎伤右手食指尖2天,右手食指针刺样痛半天就诊。查体:T 36.8℃,右手食指末节轻度肿胀、压痛,但张力不高,皮肤不红。1.该病的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲沟炎", "B": "指头炎", "C": "腱鞘炎", "D": "滑囊炎"}, "answer": "指头炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,55岁。间断咳嗽、咳痰,反复发作30年,近2年来渐觉气短,发现高血压3年,吸烟36年,40支/日。查体:BP 140/90mmHg,心肺无明显阳性体征,心脏彩超未发现异常。为明确诊断首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部CT", "B": "肺功能", "C": "冠状动脉造影", "D": "核素心肌显影"}, "answer": "肺功能", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,55岁,发现右乳腺肿物1周,查右乳外上象限肿物1.5cm×1.0cm,质硬、活动度小,确诊肿物性质最可靠的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "钼靶X线", "B": "针吸细胞学", "C": "B超", "D": "活组织冰冻切片"}, "answer": "活组织冰冻切片", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "良性高血压病患者,长期不愈后,该病人全身血管出现的主要病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中等动脉硬化", "B": "大动脉硬化", "C": "细动脉玻璃样变", "D": "细动脉脂质沉积"}, "answer": "细动脉玻璃样变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "构成腹股沟管前壁的组织结构是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹膜", "B": "腹横筋膜", "C": "腹横肌", "D": "腹外斜肌腱膜"}, "answer": "腹外斜肌腱膜", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.自身免疫性溶血性贫血(  )。", "options": {"A": "酸溶血试验阳性", "B": "抗人球蛋白试验阳性", "C": "血红蛋白电泳试验异常", "D": "高铁血红蛋白还原试验异常"}, "answer": "抗人球蛋白试验阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "临床上最常见具有诊断意义的幻觉是(  )。", "options": {"A": "非言语性幻听", "B": "言语性幻听", "C": "幻嗅", "D": "幻味"}, "answer": "言语性幻听", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "电镜下所见完整的乙型肝炎病毒颗粒称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "管形颗粒", "B": "Dane颗粒", "C": "特异的DNA多聚酶", "D": "HBeAg"}, "answer": "Dane颗粒", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,58岁。外出途中突然头痛、眩晕,伴呕吐、走路不稳前来急诊。查体:BP 180/105mmHg,心率62次/分,双眼向右水平眼震,右手指鼻不准,右侧跟膝胫试验阳性。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右小脑半球出血", "B": "脑桥出血", "C": "右枕叶出血", "D": "右大脑梗死"}, "answer": "右小脑半球出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,48岁。反复双手近端指间关节、膝关节痛伴晨僵2年,肘部伸侧可触及皮下结节,质硬、无触痛。2.最有助于确定诊断的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗核抗体", "B": "血沉", "C": "影像学", "D": "血抗溶血链球菌“O”测定"}, "answer": "抗核抗体", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项为脊髓横贯性损害引起感觉障碍的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "受损节段平面以下形状不规则的条块状感觉障碍", "B": "受损节段平面以下双侧深、浅感觉缺失", "C": "受损节段平面以下双侧痛温觉缺失伴自发性疼痛", "D": "受损节段平面以下痛温觉缺失,触觉及深感觉保留"}, "answer": "受损节段平面以下双侧深、浅感觉缺失", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "HIV致病的关键因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HIV基因组的活化", "B": "gp120易变异,逃避免疫攻击", "C": "侵犯免疫细胞,造成严重的免疫缺陷", "D": "发生各种肿瘤而致死"}, "answer": "侵犯免疫细胞,造成严重的免疫缺陷", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.高血压性脑出血的常见病变部位在(  )。", "options": {"A": "额叶", "B": "脑干", "C": "颞叶", "D": "基底节"}, "answer": "基底节", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,70岁。间断咳嗽30余年,加重伴意识障碍2天入院。查体:T 38.0℃,P 102次/分,R 21次/分,BP 120/80mmHg,烦躁不安,球结膜充血水肿,口唇发绀。桶状胸,双肺可闻及哮鸣音,双下肺少量湿性啰音。2.该患者禁忌使用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲泼尼龙", "B": "地西泮", "C": "氨茶碱", "D": "地塞米松"}, "answer": "地西泮", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于小儿骨髓外造血,以下错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓外造血不是正常小儿的主要造血场所", "B": "造血需要增加时恢复到胎儿时期的造血状态", "C": "出现肝、脾和淋巴结肿大", "D": "贫血矫正后仍不能恢复到正常造血状态"}, "answer": "贫血矫正后仍不能恢复到正常造血状态", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "思维贫乏常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑郁症", "B": "强迫性精神症", "C": "急性精神分裂症", "D": "慢性精神分裂症"}, "answer": "慢性精神分裂症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "思维形式障碍不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "思维散漫", "B": "赘述症", "C": "持续语言", "D": "思维化声"}, "answer": "持续语言", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,4岁,自1岁出现口唇青紫,活动后加剧,喜坐少动,胸骨左缘第2、3肋间可闻及收缩期杂音,有震颤,动脉血氧饱和度75%。1.此病例可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺动脉狭窄", "B": "原发性肺动脉高压症", "C": "较大型室间隔缺损", "D": "法洛四联症"}, "answer": "法洛四联症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,30岁。肛周疼痛3天,排便时加重。查体:肛门左侧局部压痛,有波动感。血WBC 11.9×109/L,首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "广谱抗生素静脉滴注", "B": "对症止痛、镇静", "C": "手术切开引流", "D": "肛门应用消炎痛栓"}, "answer": "手术切开引流", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "检查精索静脉曲张患者,应采取的体位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左侧卧位", "B": "站立位", "C": "右侧卧位", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "站立位", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "脑死亡的标准是(  )。", "options": {"A": "出现不可逆转的昏迷", "B": "自主的肌肉运动和自主呼吸消失", "C": "脑电波平直", "D": "以上均包括"}, "answer": "以上均包括", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,26岁,2年来有发作性神志丧失、四肢抽搐,服药不规则。今日凌晨开始又有发作,意识一直不清醒。来院后又有一次四肢抽搐发作。2.控制病人发作,清醒后的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "询问近期服药情况,嘱正规服药", "B": "调换其他抗癫痫药物", "C": "加大服药剂量,嘱正规服药", "D": "停药观察1周后再考虑用药"}, "answer": "询问近期服药情况,嘱正规服药", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.能实现有效气体交换的通气量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺活量", "B": "时间肺活量", "C": "肺总量", "D": "肺泡通气量"}, "answer": "肺泡通气量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "抢救大咯血患者时,最不宜采取的体位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右侧卧位", "B": "仰卧位", "C": "俯卧位", "D": "左侧卧位"}, "answer": "仰卧位", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有关胺碘酮的叙述,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "广谱抗心律失常,但不能用于预激综合征", "B": "抑制Ca2+内流", "C": "非竞争性阻断α、β受体", "D": "显著延长APD和ERP"}, "answer": "广谱抗心律失常,但不能用于预激综合征", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "硝酸甘油的药理作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "减慢心率", "B": "心肌收缩力增加", "C": "开放侧支循环", "D": "抑制NO释放"}, "answer": "开放侧支循环", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "Th2细胞主要分泌(  )。", "options": {"A": "IFN-α", "B": "IL-4", "C": "TNF-β", "D": "IL-2"}, "answer": "IL-4", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.最能体现不伤害原则的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "医生为患者选用疗效相当但价格低廉的药物", "B": "医生为患者提供完全、真实的信息,供其选择表态", "C": "医生诊断时应考虑病人的各方面因素", "D": "医生治疗时应努力使病人受益"}, "answer": "医生为患者选用疗效相当但价格低廉的药物", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对镇痛、解热、抗炎药的正确叙述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "镇痛的作用部位主要在中枢", "B": "对各种疼痛都有效", "C": "解热、镇痛和抗炎作用与抑制PG合成有关", "D": "抑制缓激肽的生物合成"}, "answer": "解热、镇痛和抗炎作用与抑制PG合成有关", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "5.刻板言语是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大脑中反复出现的观念,明知不必要,却摆脱不了,感到非常痛苦", "B": "以往经验在记忆中大量脱失", "C": "持续地重复某一单调的语句", "D": "缺乏事实依据,患者却坚信不移的病理信念"}, "answer": "持续地重复某一单调的语句", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于细胞因子的临床应用下列哪项是错误的(  )。", "options": {"A": "IL-2可用于治疗感染性疾病", "B": "IFN-γ可用于治疗类风湿性关节炎", "C": "IFN—α可用于治疗白血病,但不能用于恶性肿瘤", "D": "GM—CSF可用于治疗化疗导致的血细胞减少症"}, "answer": "IFN—α可用于治疗白血病,但不能用于恶性肿瘤", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "血清中含量最高的补体成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "C2", "B": "C3", "C": "CA", "D": "C5"}, "answer": "C3", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.我国胰腺炎最常见病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆道疾病", "B": "过量饮酒", "C": "暴饮暴食", "D": "十二指肠肠液反流"}, "answer": "胆道疾病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,27岁。右足底被铁钉刺伤1O天后突然出现张口困难,继之出现苦笑面容,角弓反张,每次发作数秒钟。声响及触碰病人时均可诱发上述症状,发作间歇期肌肉仍不能完全松弛,神志一直清楚,无发热。3.该病病程一般为(  )。", "options": {"A": "3~4周", "B": "5~6周", "C": "7~8周", "D": "9~10周"}, "answer": "3~4周", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "RNA的转录过程可分为几个阶段,下列关于RNA转录过程叙述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "起始、延长及终止", "B": "解链、引发、链的延长和终止", "C": "剪切和剪接、末端添加核苷酸及甲基化", "D": "活性与转运、起动、链延长和终止"}, "answer": "起始、延长及终止", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于大多数在小学里学习成绩中等的孩子而言,可以判断其智力水平处于正常范围,这一心理健康判断的角度为(  )。", "options": {"A": "社会学角度", "B": "人类学角度", "C": "统计学角度", "D": "病理学角度"}, "answer": "统计学角度", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.能升高血糖的类固醇激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生长激素", "B": "肾上腺素", "C": "甲状旁腺素", "D": "糖皮质激素"}, "answer": "糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,62岁。膀胱炎病史多年,近期反复出现肉眼血尿。膀胱镜检查可见膀胱左侧乳头状肿瘤,大小1.5cm×1cm,有蒂,活组织病理检查为尿路上皮癌Ⅰ级,分期为T2。最适宜的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "放疗", "B": "膀胱全切除术", "C": "经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术", "D": "膀胱内药物灌注治疗"}, "answer": "经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "新生儿接种卡介苗的时间为(  )。", "options": {"A": "出生后1天", "B": "出生后2天", "C": "出生后3天", "D": "出生后7天"}, "answer": "出生后1天", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于血尿,以下哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "一般在1000ml尿中含1ml血液即是肉眼血尿", "B": "一般在1000ml尿中含10ml血液才呈肉眼血尿", "C": "血尿是泌尿系统疾病重要的症状之一,往往是疾病的一个危险信号", "D": "血尿程度与疾病严重性可能不成比例"}, "answer": "一般在1000ml尿中含10ml血液才呈肉眼血尿", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "抢救休克型中毒性痢疾,下列措施不得当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纠正酸中毒", "B": "脱水", "C": "调整血管紧张度药物", "D": "抗生素控制感染"}, "answer": "脱水", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,女,9个月,先吐后泻l周,大便呈蛋花汤样,腥臭,有黏液但无脓血。精神萎靡,皮肤弹性较差,眼窝凹陷,唇樱红,呼气深快有丙酮味,尿量明显减少,四肢稍凉。应怎样静脉补液(  )。", "options": {"A": "第一天总量120~150ml/kg", "B": "第一天用等张含钠液", "C": "开始的30~60分钟用2:1等张含钠液60ml", "D": "补充氯化钾0.3%浓度,40ml/(kg·d)"}, "answer": "第一天总量120~150ml/kg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,男,2岁。智力和生长发育落后,经常便秘。查体:身高70cm,皮肤粗糙,鼻梁低平。舌常伸出口外。为明确诊断首选检查(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨龄测定", "B": "血T3,T4、TSH检测", "C": "血氨基酸分析", "D": "染色体核型分析"}, "answer": "血T3,T4、TSH检测", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "HIV疫苗研制目前遇到的最大问题是(  )。", "options": {"A": "无感染动物模型", "B": "病毒型别多", "C": "病毒包膜糖蛋白的高度变异性", "D": "HIV抗原性不稳定,很易变异"}, "answer": "病毒包膜糖蛋白的高度变异性", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,62岁,双手相继出现震颤8个月,如“点钞样”,走路慌张步态,面无表情。该患者双上肢肌张力的特点最可能表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "齿轮样增强", "B": "交替样增强", "C": "混合样增强", "D": "肌张力减弱"}, "answer": "齿轮样增强", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,9个月,体重8kg,发热,呕吐,腹泻3天,粪便蛋花汤洋,无腥臭味,尿量明显减少,精神萎靡,皮肤弹性差,眼凹陷,唇鲜红,四肢凉,诊断为婴儿腹泻,血钠132mmol/L。2.第一天补液种类应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "2:1液", "B": "2:3:1液", "C": "维持液", "D": "1.4%碳酸氢钠"}, "answer": "2:3:1液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,16岁,发热、贫血、出血,肝、脾肿大,全血细胞减少,骨髓原始细胞占90%,POX(-),非特异性酯酶(-),应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性淋巴细胞白血病", "B": "急性粒细胞白血病M3型", "C": "慢性粒细胞白血病", "D": "淋巴瘤"}, "answer": "急性淋巴细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.疖和痈属(  )。", "options": {"A": "蜂窝织炎", "B": "脓肿", "C": "纤维索性炎", "D": "积脓"}, "answer": "脓肿", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对手术耐受力最差的心脏病类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性心肌炎", "B": "房室传导阻滞", "C": "非紫绀型先天性心脏病", "D": "高血压性心脏病"}, "answer": "急性心肌炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不属于肝硬化腹水形成原因的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低蛋白血症", "B": "醛固酮灭活减少", "C": "抗利尿激素灭活减少", "D": "雌激素灭活减少"}, "answer": "雌激素灭活减少", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "流行性脑膜炎的病理类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "变质性炎症", "B": "渗出性炎症", "C": "化脓性炎症", "D": "增生性炎症"}, "answer": "化脓性炎症", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一般的择期手术病人的静息能量消耗值(REE)约增加(  )。", "options": {"A": "10%", "B": "20%", "C": "30%", "D": "50%"}, "answer": "10%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.属三羧酸循环中的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "苹果酸脱氢酶", "B": "丙酮酸脱氢酶", "C": "NADH脱氢酶", "D": "葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶"}, "answer": "苹果酸脱氢酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "诊断室性心动过速最重要的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "QRS波群宽大畸形", "B": "心率100~250次/分", "C": "心室夺获与室性融合波", "D": "T波与QRS波主波方向相反"}, "answer": "心室夺获与室性融合波", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医疗事故的违法性是指行为人在诊疗护理中违反(  )。", "options": {"A": "行政法规", "B": "法律", "C": "技术操作规程", "D": "和院方的约定"}, "answer": "技术操作规程", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为脊髓半侧损害感觉障碍的表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "受损平面以下同侧痛温觉障碍,对侧深感觉障碍", "B": "受损节段呈节段性痛温觉障碍,对侧深感觉障碍", "C": "受损平面以下同侧深感觉障碍,对侧痛温觉障碍", "D": "受损平面以下深、浅感觉障碍"}, "answer": "受损平面以下同侧深感觉障碍,对侧痛温觉障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肺血栓栓塞症的继发性危险因素中,属于独立危险因素的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "创伤", "B": "年龄", "C": "口服避孕药", "D": "肿瘤家族史"}, "answer": "年龄", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性骨髓炎转为慢性骨髓炎的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌毒力过于强大", "B": "治疗不及时和不恰当", "C": "局部血运不好", "D": "肢体活动过旱"}, "answer": "治疗不及时和不恰当", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "维持阴道微生态平衡最重要的菌群是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳杆菌", "B": "加德纳菌", "C": "肠球菌", "D": "念珠菌"}, "answer": "乳杆菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "接受无血缘关系者的活体器官移植,首先应遵守的准则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人病情急需,只有器官移植才能延续生命", "B": "找不到合适的尸体的捐献者或有血缘关系的捐献者", "C": "向愿意捐献者付以高额酬金", "D": "以上都对"}, "answer": "找不到合适的尸体的捐献者或有血缘关系的捐献者", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,45岁。突发头痛伴恶心、呕吐1d来诊,高血压病史10年,平日血压控制在120~140/80~90mmHg,查体:血压230/20mmHg(右上肢),220/110mmHg(左上肢),肌力5级,双侧病理反射未引出,尿蛋白(﹣)。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑出血", "B": "高血压脑病", "C": "恶性高血压", "D": "主动脉夹层"}, "answer": "高血压脑病", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者男性,8岁,额部多发性疖肿,未治疗,红肿、扩大,弛张性高热,4天后臀部皮下又发现一肿块,疼痛、压痛明显,且有波动感。4.为了提高患者血培养的阳性率,最恰当的抽血时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "寒战开始时", "B": "发热最高峰时", "C": "寒战结束时", "D": "预计寒战发热时"}, "answer": "预计寒战发热时", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿重症肺炎出现严重腹胀,最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低钙血症", "B": "消化不良", "C": "低钾血症", "D": "中毒性肠麻痹"}, "answer": "中毒性肠麻痹", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某小学组织学生接种乙肝疫苗,有5学生因出现头痛、呕吐、四肢乏力因而送到医院就诊,首诊医师及时处置并报告医院有关部门,经医护人员解释、安抚后,39名学生未经治疗症状很快消失,5名学生仍感恶心,并伴有焦虑。医院组织专家会诊后排除了疫苗和其他躯体疾病所致。3.对上述5名未愈学生的焦虑症状,适宜的心理干预方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "行为塑造", "B": "放松训练", "C": "厌恶疗法", "D": "催眠疗法"}, "answer": "放松训练", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "甲亢病人,行双侧甲状腺次全切除术,术后并发甲状腺危象,多由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人过度精神紧张", "B": "切除腺体过少", "C": "术中挤压腺体过多", "D": "术前准备不充分甲亢症状未能很好控制"}, "answer": "术前准备不充分甲亢症状未能很好控制", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "桡骨远端骨折后出现银叉样畸形是因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "远侧骨折段向掌侧移位", "B": "远侧骨折段向背侧移位", "C": "远侧骨折段向桡侧移位", "D": "以上均不正确"}, "answer": "远侧骨折段向背侧移位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医疗保健机构提供的胎儿保健服务内容(  )。", "options": {"A": "为胎儿生长发育进行监护,为孕妇提供营养指导", "B": "为胎儿生长发育进行监护,提供咨询和医学指导", "C": "为胎儿生长发育进行孕妇卫生指导", "D": "为孕妇提供产前诊断"}, "answer": "为胎儿生长发育进行监护,提供咨询和医学指导", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,4岁,自1岁出现口唇青紫,活动后加剧,喜坐少动,胸骨左缘第2、3肋间可闻及收缩期杂音,有震颤,动脉血氧饱和度75%。3.该病常见的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺水肿", "B": "充血性心力衰竭", "C": "脑脓肿", "D": "喉返神经麻痹"}, "answer": "脑脓肿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列不属于室间隔缺损并发症的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎", "B": "缺氧发作", "C": "心力衰竭", "D": "肺水肿"}, "answer": "缺氧发作", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "由治疗家帮助创造一种充满关怀与信任的气氛,使患者原已被扭曲了的自我得到自然的恢复,使自我完善的潜能得到发挥,从而使他们能更好地适应生活。这种治疗属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "患者中心疗法", "B": "精神分析疗法", "C": "认知治疗", "D": "暗示治疗"}, "answer": "患者中心疗法", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "术前判断胰头癌是否侵犯大血管的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内镜超声", "B": "腹腔血管造影", "C": "增强CT", "D": "MRCP"}, "answer": "增强CT", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有些人在工作中认真负责,有些人敷衍了事,有些人得过且过。这些表现在人的性格特征中属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "态度特征", "B": "理智特征", "C": "认知特征", "D": "情绪特征"}, "answer": "态度特征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,5岁,既往曾患肾病综合征,近5日患水痘,颜面及四肢浮肿。查体:体温37.5℃颜面及四肢明显浮肿,血压100/60mmHg,躯干部皮肤和黏膜见水痘疹及结痂。尿常规:蛋白质(+++),红细胞5~8个/HP。下列治疗不妥当的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "给予利尿药物口服", "B": "给予抗生素控制感染", "C": "给予泼尼松口服", "D": "给予减盐饮食"}, "answer": "给予泼尼松口服", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,5周岁,两周前曾患感冒,目前不规则发热,易疲倦,脸色略苍白,查体发现心率增快,心尖部第一心音减弱,并可闻及早搏,心电图检查:P-R间期延长,ST段下移,实验室检查:C反应蛋白增高。3.该患儿首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "水杨酸制剂", "B": "地塞米松制剂", "C": "镇静剂", "D": "抗生素"}, "answer": "地塞米松制剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是肉芽组织内发挥抗感染作用的主要成分?(  )", "options": {"A": "毛细血管内皮细胞", "B": "肌纤维母细胞", "C": "炎症细胞", "D": "胶原纤维"}, "answer": "炎症细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是引起肾脏体积明显缩小的疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "肾结核", "B": "硬化性肾小球肾炎", "C": "肾硬化", "D": "肾脓肿"}, "answer": "硬化性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,39岁,发冷、发热、寒战、头晕3天,体温38℃,巩膜黄染,肝肋下2.5cm,尿胆原阳性,尿镜下无红细胞,尿隐血阳性,过去有肝炎史,诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性肝炎急性发作", "B": "胆石症", "C": "溶血性贫血", "D": "以上全不是"}, "answer": "溶血性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,38岁。上腹部不适、食欲减退3年,体重减轻、乏力半年。查体:贫血貌,上腹部轻压痛。Hb 88g/L,MCV 115fl。胃镜检查示胃体皱襞稀疏、黏膜血管透见。3.该患者发生贫血最可能的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性消化道失血", "B": "铁吸收障碍", "C": "蛋白质吸收障碍", "D": "内因子缺乏"}, "answer": "内因子缺乏", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2个月以上小儿首次接种卡介苗以下哪点最重要?(  )", "options": {"A": "接种前应做结核菌素试验", "B": "接种剂量应减半", "C": "应注意避免感染", "D": "接种浓度应减低(1:1000)"}, "answer": "接种前应做结核菌素试验", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "超低出生体重新生儿的出生体重低于(  )。", "options": {"A": "2000g", "B": "2500g", "C": "1500g", "D": "1000g"}, "answer": "1000g", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,56岁。右下肢静脉迂曲扩张20年,伴下肢酸胀、水肿,活动或抬高患肢减轻,近2年右足靴区皮肤发红,时有瘙痒,逐渐加重。查体:右下肢大腿内侧、小腿后有迂曲扩张之静脉团,足靴区色素沉着,皮肤变厚。3.为明确手术治疗方法,术前必须进行的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "下肢皮温测定", "B": "下肢静脉压测定", "C": "右下肢静脉造影", "D": "深静脉瓣功能试验"}, "answer": "右下肢静脉造影", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "压力感受性反射的生理意义是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维持有效循环血量", "B": "维持动脉血压的长期恒定", "C": "维持动脉血压的相对恒定", "D": "维持血压处于较高水平"}, "answer": "维持动脉血压的相对恒定", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "学龄儿童正常心率是(  )。", "options": {"A": "110~130次/分", "B": "100~120次/分", "C": "90~100次/分", "D": "70~90次/分"}, "answer": "70~90次/分", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "婴儿体重4kg,前囟1.5cm×1.5cm,能微笑,头不能竖立,已形成第一个条件反射,即抱起喂奶时出现吸吮动作。1.最可能的月龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1周", "B": "1~2个月", "C": "3~4个月", "D": "4~6个月"}, "answer": "1~2个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,36岁。乏力、头晕Hb 64g/L,检查提示红细胞体积减少,中间淡染区扩大,则最可能出现的结果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血液内转铁蛋白增加", "B": "骨髓内铁没有变化", "C": "总铁结合力增加,铁蛋白减少", "D": "总铁结合力增加,铁蛋白增加"}, "answer": "总铁结合力增加,铁蛋白减少", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性有机磷中毒患者应用阿托品过量引起中毒时,解毒剂为(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉胺", "B": "毛果芸香碱", "C": "亚甲蓝", "D": "二巯丙醇"}, "answer": "毛果芸香碱", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性肾衰竭最常见的诱发因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多饮水", "B": "感染", "C": "饮食中蛋白质过量", "D": "应用肾毒性药物"}, "answer": "感染", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.胆盐的主要吸收部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "十二指肠", "B": "空肠", "C": "回肠", "D": "结肠"}, "answer": "回肠", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "系统性红斑狼疮临床表现中主要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤黏膜与关节表现", "B": "肾炎", "C": "浆膜炎", "D": "贫血"}, "answer": "皮肤黏膜与关节表现", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "已知某DNA片段的一股碱基序列为5'-ACTTGC-3',另一股应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "5'-GCAAGU-3'", "B": "5'-CGTTCA-3'", "C": "5'-ACAACG-3'", "D": "5'-GCAAGT-3'"}, "answer": "5'-GCAAGT-3'", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "抗菌药物的细菌耐药率超过一定的百分比时,慎重经验用药,该百分比是(  )。", "options": {"A": "50%", "B": "20%", "C": "40%", "D": "30%"}, "answer": "40%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于甲亢术后并发症,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸困难多发生在术后24小时内", "B": "喉上神经损伤可引起声嘶", "C": "甲状腺危象多发生在术后12~36小时", "D": "手足抽搐多发生在手术当天"}, "answer": "甲状腺危象多发生在术后12~36小时", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不含有消化酶的消化液是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胰液", "B": "唾液", "C": "胆汁", "D": "小肠液"}, "answer": "胆汁", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,30岁,右侧甲状腺单发结节,质硬,生长迅速,近1周伴声音嘶哑,ECT示右甲状腺冷结节。为明确诊断1.下述哪一项检查最有意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "颈部X线摄片", "B": "确切的体检", "C": "穿刺细胞学检查", "D": "甲状腺CT"}, "answer": "穿刺细胞学检查", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "前臂尺、桡骨双骨折青年患者,经手法复位失败,此时应采取的合理治疗,是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小夹板固定,三周后再手术治疗", "B": "石膏管型固定。三周后再手术治疗", "C": "持续骨牵引治疗", "D": "手术切开复位内固定加外固定"}, "answer": "手术切开复位内固定加外固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,33岁,l年来乏力,发热、关节痛,面颊部有蝶形红斑,口腔鼻腔黏膜溃疡,为无痛性。2个月来,病人兴奋、躁动,幻听、幻视,被害妄想,关系妄想。2.下列哪一项是主要治疗措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "肾上腺皮质激素", "B": "硫唑嘌呤", "C": "环磷酰胺", "D": "阿司匹林"}, "answer": "肾上腺皮质激素", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对传染病病人或疑似传染病病人污染的场所和物品,医疗保健机构应当及时采取(  )。", "options": {"A": "强制隔离治疗", "B": "必要的卫生处理", "C": "报告上级卫生行政机关处理", "D": "提请卫生防疫部门处理"}, "answer": "必要的卫生处理", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "属于继发性免疫缺陷病的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "X-连锁低丙球蛋白血症", "B": "DiGeorge综合征", "C": "AIDS", "D": "受者NK细胞对同种异型抗原产生免疫应答引起"}, "answer": "AIDS", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下肢骨折引起整个肢体极度外旋位时,最可能的损伤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "股骨干骨折", "B": "股骨转子间骨折", "C": "股骨颈骨折", "D": "髋关节中心型脱位"}, "answer": "股骨转子间骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "支原体肺炎X线的特点主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大小不等片状阴影,融合成大病灶", "B": "内中带、中下野小点片状阴影", "C": "肺下部呈去雾状浸润影,有游走性", "D": "多发性脓肿、脓胸、脓气胸"}, "answer": "肺下部呈去雾状浸润影,有游走性", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,45岁。1年前发现血压170/110mmHg,长期口服氨氯地平等药物治疗。2个月前诊断为糖尿病,口服降糖药治疗,目前血压、血糖均在正常范围。该患者高血压诊断正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压1级,低危", "B": "高血压2级,高危", "C": "高血压3级,很高危", "D": "高血压2级,很高危"}, "answer": "高血压3级,很高危", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "DNA连接酶的催化作用在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "解开超螺旋", "B": "合成引物RNA", "C": "连接DNA链3'–OH末端与另一DNA链的5'–P末端", "D": "解开双螺旋"}, "answer": "连接DNA链3'–OH末端与另一DNA链的5'–P末端", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.与子宫颈癌的发生有关的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "人乳头瘤病毒", "B": "森林脑炎病毒", "C": "狂犬病病毒", "D": "柯萨奇病毒"}, "answer": "人乳头瘤病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医师李某,申请开办儿科诊所,经执业注册后,开展了儿科诊疗活动,同时也以所学知识诊治一些妇科病人,李某的行为是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医师执业规定所允许的", "B": "法律允许的行为", "C": "只要不发生差错,法律即允许", "D": "超执业范围的行为"}, "answer": "超执业范围的行为", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "狭窄性腱鞘炎,疗效较好的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "限制活动和石膏固定", "B": "理疗", "C": "伤湿止痛膏局部贴敷", "D": "醋酸泼尼松龙局部封闭"}, "answer": "醋酸泼尼松龙局部封闭", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不适用于连枷胸的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "气管插管吸痰,给氧辅助呼吸", "B": "浮动胸壁牵引", "C": "胸壁加压,包扎固定", "D": "胸腔镜骨折固定"}, "answer": "胸壁加压,包扎固定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "生酮氨基酸是(  )。", "options": {"A": "赖氨酸", "B": "谷氨酸", "C": "亮氨酸", "D": "蛋氨酸"}, "answer": "亮氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿6岁,跌倒时手掌着地,查体:肘关节半屈状,肘部明显肿胀及压痛,皮下有瘀斑,呈向外突出畸形,桡动脉搏动减弱,肘后三角存在,被动伸指时有剧疼痛。1.该患最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "伸直型肱骨髁上骨折", "B": "肘关节脱位", "C": "屈曲型肱骨髁上骨折", "D": "尺骨鹰嘴骨折"}, "answer": "伸直型肱骨髁上骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA),对哪一种药物敏感?(  )", "options": {"A": "红霉素", "B": "林可霉素", "C": "万古霉素", "D": "青霉素"}, "answer": "万古霉素", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "Tc细胞杀伤靶细胞的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "受MHCⅡ类分子限制", "B": "可通过释放细胞毒素杀伤靶细胞", "C": "可通过ADCC作用杀伤靶细胞", "D": "可通过IL-10杀伤靶细胞"}, "answer": "可通过释放细胞毒素杀伤靶细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性农民,11月份因发热、头痛、呕吐3天为主诉入院。查体:面颈部潮红,双腋下少许出血点。尿常规:蛋白质+,红细胞3~10个/HP。末梢血象:自细胞23.0×109/L,异型淋巴细胞0.11,血小板48×109/L。1.该患者的诊断可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "B": "斑疹伤寒", "C": "流行性出血热", "D": "钩端螺旋体病"}, "answer": "流行性出血热", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者陈某因手术效果不佳与医院发生争执,要求复制病历资料。医院按照规定复制了病历资料,并告知陈某另有部分病历资料不予复制,只能在医患双方在场的情况下封存。这部分病历资料是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病程记录", "B": "医学影像检查资料", "C": "手术及麻醉记录单", "D": "住院志"}, "answer": "病程记录", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在神经—骨骼肌接头中消除乙酰胆碱的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺苷酸环化酶", "B": "胆碱酯酶", "C": "ATP酶", "D": "单胺氧化酶"}, "answer": "胆碱酯酶", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "按照甲类传染病管理的乙类传染病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "猩红热", "B": "艾滋病", "C": "脊髓灰质炎", "D": "肺炭疽"}, "answer": "肺炭疽", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "维生素B12治疗营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血时,网织红细胞的变化规律是怎样的(  )。", "options": {"A": "2~4天开始升高,6~7天达到高峰,2周降至正常", "B": "6~7天开始升高,15~20天达到高峰,4周降至正常", "C": "4~5天开始升高,10~15天达到高峰,3周降至正常", "D": "1周后开始升高,3周达到高峰,1个月恢复正常"}, "answer": "2~4天开始升高,6~7天达到高峰,2周降至正常", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于子宫内膜癌的描述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "非激素依赖型比激素依赖型预后差", "B": "透明细胞癌是最常见的病理类型", "C": "血行转移是最常见的转移途径", "D": "肿瘤侵及直肠黏膜时,分期为Ⅳb"}, "answer": "非激素依赖型比激素依赖型预后差", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,50岁。散步时突然倒地。查体:意识丧失,大动脉搏动消失,抽泣样呼吸,随即消失。应首先采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "舌下含服硝酸甘油", "B": "开放气道", "C": "人工呼吸", "D": "胸外按压"}, "answer": "胸外按压", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,71岁,吸烟患者,反复咳嗽,咳痰,气促40年,胸闷,心悸2年,加重伴发热1周,昏睡3小时入院。入院后查体:BP 140/90mmHg,嗜睡状态,呼之能应,瞳孔等大等圆,对光反射存在,口唇紫绀,双肺可闻及干、湿啰音,心率120次/分,期前收缩3次/分,下肢凹陷性水肿2.假设上述诊断成立,补充体检时还可能出现的最主要的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心音强弱快慢不等", "B": "心界向左下扩大", "C": "心界向左右两侧扩大", "D": "肺动脉瓣区第二心音亢进"}, "answer": "肺动脉瓣区第二心音亢进", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医生白某因挪用公款用于个人经营,被判有期徒刑一年。2.白某对对于其执业问题的决定有异议,可申请复议或向法院起诉的期限是自收到通知之日起(  )。", "options": {"A": "5日内", "B": "10日内", "C": "15日内", "D": "30日内"}, "answer": "15日内", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "8个月婴儿,体重8kg,腹泻4天,每天10余次,尿很少,精神萎靡,呼吸深长,皮肤发花,弹性差,前囟、眼眶明显凹陷,肢冷脉弱,心率160次/min,心音低钝。2.首先确定第1天的补液总量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "60~90ml/kg", "B": "90~120ml/kg", "C": "150~180ml/kg", "D": "180~210ml/kg"}, "answer": "150~180ml/kg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "含耐药基因的质粒是(  )。", "options": {"A": "F质粒", "B": "R质粒", "C": "ST质粒", "D": "Col质粒"}, "answer": "R质粒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对考核不合格的医师,县级以上人民政府卫生行政部门可以(  )。", "options": {"A": "吊销其医师执业证书", "B": "责令其暂停执业活动三个月至六个月,并接受培训和继续教育", "C": "降低其执业等级", "D": "给予行政或纪律处分"}, "answer": "责令其暂停执业活动三个月至六个月,并接受培训和继续教育", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪一项是劳力性心绞痛典型的心电图改变?(  )", "options": {"A": "发作时某些导联ST段呈水平型或下斜型压低,可伴有T波低平或倒置", "B": "发作时某些导联ST段呈上斜型压低", "C": "发作时某些导联ST段呈抬高型升高,伴高尖T波", "D": "全部导联(除aVR导联外)ST段呈弓背向下型抬高"}, "answer": "发作时某些导联ST段呈水平型或下斜型压低,可伴有T波低平或倒置", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.拔牙术中及术后早期可以出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "败血症", "B": "急性感染", "C": "菌血症", "D": "特异性感染"}, "answer": "菌血症", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "引起支气管哮喘发作,释放细胞因子和炎症介质的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肥大细胞", "B": "嗜酸性粒细胞", "C": "肺泡巨噬细胞", "D": "以上都包括"}, "answer": "以上都包括", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者男性,46岁,糖尿病史4年,未行饮食控制及降糖药物治疗,以右下肢肿痛,不能活动1周入院。查体:神志模糊,反应迟钝,心率110次/分,血压90/70mmHg,体温39.6℃,右下肢较左下肢肿胀,可扪及波动感,压痛(++),右大腿后出现16cm×5cm大小坏死,化验血常规WBC19×109/L,N89%,血糖23mmol/L。2.一旦确诊,下列处理措施中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抬高患肢,促进回流,以利肿胀消除", "B": "大剂量联合使用抗生素", "C": "使用胰岛素", "D": "手术治疗"}, "answer": "抬高患肢,促进回流,以利肿胀消除", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是医学心理学的研究对象?(  )", "options": {"A": "人类行为的科学发展", "B": "心理活动的规律的学科", "C": "影响健康的有关心理问题和行为", "D": "疾病的预防和治疗的原则"}, "answer": "影响健康的有关心理问题和行为", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列表现属于肺癌副癌综合征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一侧眼睑下垂、瞳孔缩小", "B": "声音嘶哑", "C": "吞咽困难", "D": "杵状指"}, "answer": "杵状指", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "18岁女性患者,突然剧烈头痛、伴呕吐。查体:颈项强直,克氏征(+),布氏征(+),体温37.0℃,既往身体健康,CT示双侧裂池及纵裂池内高密度影。首先应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑炎", "B": "脑膜炎", "C": "蛛网膜下腔出血", "D": "脑脓肿"}, "answer": "蛛网膜下腔出血", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "确诊2l-三体综合征的检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "特殊皮肤纹理的检查", "B": "骨骼X线检查判断骨龄", "C": "智商的测定", "D": "核型分析"}, "answer": "核型分析", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.NK细胞的表面分子(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD3", "B": "KIR", "C": "MHC-Ⅱ", "D": "IL-2"}, "answer": "KIR", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "癫痫中应用PET(正电子发射计算机体层显像)检查的重要目的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鉴别癫痫发作与假性癫痫", "B": "癫痫发作形式分类", "C": "鉴别原发和继发性癫痫", "D": "癫痫病灶定位"}, "answer": "癫痫病灶定位", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,55岁,双下肢无力半年,右侧明显,近2个月行走不稳,右手不能扣纽扣,无外伤史,无发热。查体:颈背部无明显压痛,两上肢前臂、手及上臂尺侧皮肤感觉减退,右侧尤其明显,四肢肌张力增高,肱二头肌反射亢进,双侧膝踝反射亢进,右髌阵挛阳性,右巴宾斯基征阳性。3.最有助于鉴别诊断的辅助检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈段X线断层摄片", "B": "颈椎X线片", "C": "肌电图", "D": "颈段MRI"}, "answer": "颈段MRI", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "早期浸润性宫颈癌指的是宫颈上皮癌变,癌组织(  )。", "options": {"A": "达基膜", "B": "已延伸至宫颈腺体", "C": "累及宫体内膜腺体", "D": "穿透基膜,深度<5mm"}, "answer": "穿透基膜,深度<5mm", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "麻疹患儿疹退后1周,体温又上升到39℃,呕吐2次,抽搐1次,嗜睡,腰椎穿刺脑脊液细胞数200×106/L,淋巴细胞0.80,蛋白0.8g/L,糖3.4mmol/L。诊断应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹并发高热惊厥", "B": "麻疹并发脑炎", "C": "麻疹并发脑水肿", "D": "麻疹并发结核性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "麻疹并发脑炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,女,5岁,因发热10天不退,皮肤出现环形红斑,并伴有肘膝关节游走性疼痛而入院,抗“O”>500U,考虑为风湿热,治疗中给予青霉素静脉滴注,目的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "控制皮肤和关节症状", "B": "防止心脏病变", "C": "清除链球菌感染病灶", "D": "防止感染加重"}, "answer": "清除链球菌感染病灶", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.坏死形成开口于表面的深在盲管(  )。", "options": {"A": "糜烂", "B": "溃疡", "C": "窦道", "D": "瘘管"}, "answer": "窦道", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "癌与肉瘤的主要区别是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发生的部位不同", "B": "肿瘤的颜色不同", "C": "发生的年龄不同", "D": "组织来源不同"}, "answer": "组织来源不同", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "直接影响基因转录的蛋白质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "载脂蛋白", "B": "脂蛋白", "C": "白蛋白", "D": "组蛋白"}, "answer": "组蛋白", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "重度烧伤是指Ⅲ°烧伤面积(  )。", "options": {"A": "不足10%", "B": "10~19%", "C": "20~29%", "D": "30~39%"}, "answer": "10~19%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "可直接引起感染性发热的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清病", "B": "心肌梗死", "C": "普通感冒", "D": "广泛性皮炎"}, "answer": "普通感冒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1岁小儿,因发热,头痛,呕吐,诊断为化脓性脑膜炎,应用大剂量青霉素静滴治疗7夭,明显好转,热退,停药后2天再次出现发热,头痛,惊厥,前囟隆起,查脑脊液正常。可能的诊断及进一步的检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核性脑膜炎,脑脊液检查", "B": "脑脓肿,颅脑CT检查", "C": "硬脑膜下积液,颅透光检查", "D": "脑积水,颅脑CT检查"}, "answer": "硬脑膜下积液,颅透光检查", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "与病理缩复环关系最相关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "重度先兆子痫", "B": "胎盘早剥", "C": "前置胎盘", "D": "嵌顿性肩先露"}, "answer": "嵌顿性肩先露", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于苯二氮卓类的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "具有镇静、催眠、抗焦虑作用", "B": "首选用于治疗癫痫持续状态", "C": "增强GABA能神经传递和突触抑制", "D": "较大量易引起全身麻醉"}, "answer": "较大量易引起全身麻醉", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于头皮裂伤,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "创口有脑组织外溢,须立即缝合头皮,变开放为闭合损伤", "B": "清创时限放宽至24小时", "C": "尽早清创缝合", "D": "处置时着重检查有无颅骨和脑损伤"}, "answer": "创口有脑组织外溢,须立即缝合头皮,变开放为闭合损伤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列风湿性疾病中抗双链DNA抗体阳性率最高的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "系统性红斑狼疮", "B": "干燥综合征", "C": "系统性硬化症", "D": "多发性肌炎"}, "answer": "系统性红斑狼疮", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.腰椎结核伴椎旁冷脓肿病灶清除术,切口愈合良好(  )。", "options": {"A": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅲ/丙”", "B": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅱ/甲”", "C": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅱ/乙”", "D": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅳ/甲”"}, "answer": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅳ/甲”", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.青霉素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "TI-Ag", "B": "完全抗原", "C": "人工抗原", "D": "半抗原"}, "answer": "半抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列含有核黄素的辅酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "FMN", "B": "NAD+", "C": "NADP+", "D": "辅酶Q"}, "answer": "FMN", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "泌尿系肿瘤中最常见的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膀胱癌", "B": "肾盂癌", "C": "前列腺癌", "D": "输尿管癌"}, "answer": "膀胱癌", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.髋关节单纯滑膜结核或单纯骨结核早期及时治疗,其结果可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "髋关节功能保存", "B": "髋关节形成前屈内收畸形", "C": "局部形成寒性脓肿", "D": "局部形成窦道"}, "answer": "髋关节功能保存", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肺总容量等于下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺活量+功能余气量", "B": "肺活量+余气量", "C": "肺活量+潮气量", "D": "补呼气量+余气量"}, "answer": "肺活量+余气量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,28岁。停经19周,剧烈腹痛1天,超声提示单胎妊娠合并子宫肌壁间肌瘤。考虑该肌瘤为(  )。", "options": {"A": "囊性变", "B": "红色样变", "C": "肉瘤样变", "D": "钙化"}, "answer": "红色样变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "根据病因和发病机制下列贫血分类正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞生成减少和造血功能障碍两大类", "B": "红细胞生成减少、红细胞破坏过多和失血三大类", "C": "红细胞生成减少和红细胞破坏过多两大类", "D": "红细胞生成减少、失血、溶血三大类"}, "answer": "红细胞生成减少、红细胞破坏过多和失血三大类", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,37岁,1年前诊断为再生障碍性贫血,经治疗好转;2个月来乏力、头晕加重,间有酱油色尿。查:血红蛋白60g/L,白细胞4×109/L,血小板60×109/L,网织红细胞84%,骨髓增生活跃,细胞外铁阴性。1.对该患者下述检查最有意义的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Coombs试验", "B": "酸溶血试验", "C": "冷热溶血试验", "D": "异丙醇试验"}, "answer": "酸溶血试验", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.急性肾衰竭少尿或无尿期应注意防治(  )。", "options": {"A": "高钾血症", "B": "高钙血症", "C": "高镁血症", "D": "低钙血症"}, "answer": "高钾血症", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "6岁女孩,因间断低热伴痉挛性咳嗽半月余来诊。体检:体温37.6℃,神志清楚,慢性病容,左眼结膜充血,内眦部有一疱疹,咽部轻度充血,右颈侧可触及2~3个2cm×2cm大小淋巴结,无明显压痛,心肺无异常,肝在肋下1cm。胸透:右肺门可见3cm×3cm大小圆形阴影。末梢血象WBC6.5×109/L,L 0.70。2.该患儿有一2岁胞弟,此时对其胞弟应采取的最佳预防措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸道隔离", "B": "口服异烟肼6个月", "C": "定期体检,尽早发现病情", "D": "尽快接种百白破疫苗"}, "answer": "口服异烟肼6个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.分布在淋巴小结(  )。", "options": {"A": "巨噬细胞", "B": "树突状细胞", "C": "并指细胞", "D": "尘埃细胞"}, "answer": "树突状细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "局限性胸痛、按压后疼痛加重,提示病变主要累及的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸壁软组织", "B": "脏层胸膜", "C": "肋间神经", "D": "壁层胸膜"}, "answer": "胸壁软组织", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一般来说,病人最常见、最重要的心理变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "情绪变化", "B": "人格变化", "C": "认知功能变化", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "情绪变化", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "先天愚型最具有诊断价值是(  )。", "options": {"A": "染色体检查", "B": "血清T3、T4检查", "C": "智力低下", "D": "特殊面容,通贯手"}, "answer": "染色体检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.在神经-骨骼肌接头部位释放ACh产生终板电位的过程中,有何种通道参与(  )。", "options": {"A": "化学门控通道", "B": "电压门控通道", "C": "机械门控通道", "D": "电突触"}, "answer": "化学门控通道", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "慢性淤血引起的后果不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "血栓形成", "B": "漏出性出血", "C": "含铁血黄素沉积", "D": "实质细胞增生"}, "answer": "实质细胞增生", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,38岁。上腹不适、纳差3年,体重减轻,乏力半年。查体:贫血貌,上腹部轻压痛,Hb 88g/L,MCV 115fl,胃镜检查示胃体皱襞稀疏,黏膜血管透见。1.该患者应首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Menetrier病", "B": "慢性萎缩性胃炎", "C": "慢性淋巴细胞性胃炎", "D": "胃癌"}, "answer": "慢性萎缩性胃炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不可能出现在血吸虫病的假结核结节中的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "类上皮细胞", "B": "变性虫卵", "C": "干酪样坏死", "D": "淋巴细胞"}, "answer": "干酪样坏死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女孩10岁,发热2周,苍白,多汗,心悸.双膝关节痛肿,第一心音低钝,ASO增高,ESR增快。2.该患儿的药物治疗方案应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿司匹林", "B": "氯化钾", "C": "葡萄糖酸钙", "D": "阿托平"}, "answer": "阿司匹林", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.参与转录过程的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "DNA连接酶", "B": "核酸内切酶", "C": "引物酶", "D": "RNA聚合酶"}, "answer": "RNA聚合酶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对可能导致甲类传染病传播的菌种,确需采集、保藏、携带、运输和使用的,须经什么部门批准(  )。", "options": {"A": "市级以上人民政府", "B": "省级以上人民政府卫生行政部门", "C": "市级以上人民政府卫生行政部门", "D": "省级以上人民政府"}, "answer": "省级以上人民政府卫生行政部门", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于缺乏胰腺外分泌的病人的叙述,下列哪一项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "蛋白质消化不良,有体重减轻的倾向", "B": "只要胆汁分泌仍正常,脂肪消化将不受影响", "C": "由于维生素K吸收障碍,可能产生出血倾向", "D": "空腹血糖水平基本正常"}, "answer": "只要胆汁分泌仍正常,脂肪消化将不受影响", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,35岁。丈夫嗜赌,瞒着患者欠下高利贷200多万,被人逼债,不辞而别。债主上门讨债,患者得知原委后,表现与平素判若两人,口中念念有词,似神鬼附体,称自己是大仙,要为债主摸骨看病。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑郁症", "B": "躁狂症", "C": "恐惧症", "D": "转换-分离障碍"}, "answer": "转换-分离障碍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,55岁,发现右乳腺肿物1周,查右乳外上象限肿物1.5cm×1.0cm,质硬、活动度小。如想确定肿物性质,最可靠的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "钼靶X", "B": "针吸细胞学", "C": "放射性核素扫描", "D": "活组织冰冻切片"}, "answer": "活组织冰冻切片", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "新生儿溶血病如需要换血疗法,其程序如下,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "患儿家属或监护人签字同意", "B": "由院长审批", "C": "由血站和医院输血科提供适合的血液", "D": "换血由经治医师和输血科人员共同实施"}, "answer": "由院长审批", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "狼疮性肾炎的特征性病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内皮细胞增生", "B": "苏木紫小体", "C": "上皮细胞增生", "D": "巨噬细胞浸润"}, "answer": "苏木紫小体", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.多伴稽留高热的肺炎是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎", "B": "革兰阴性杆菌肺炎", "C": "腺病毒肺炎", "D": "肺炎支原体肺炎"}, "answer": "腺病毒肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "除有关节肿痛外,下列哪项为类风湿关节炎诊断最有意义的表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "足跟、足掌部位痛", "B": "关节隆起部与受压部皮下出现无痛性结节", "C": "胸腔积液(糖含量正常)", "D": "小腿痛性皮下结节"}, "answer": "小腿痛性皮下结节", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医疗机构对有能力诊治的危重患者应当采取的处置措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "联系家属", "B": "抢救", "C": "催促家属缴费", "D": "转向上级医院"}, "answer": "抢救", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.组胺(  )。", "options": {"A": "引起Ⅰ型超敏反应", "B": "引起Ⅱ型超敏反应", "C": "引起Ⅳ型超敏反应", "D": "是Ⅰ型超敏反应的介质"}, "answer": "是Ⅰ型超敏反应的介质", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "法洛四联征右向左分流量大小主要取决于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺动脉狭窄的程度", "B": "室间隔缺损位置的高低", "C": "室间隔缺损的大小", "D": "右心室肥厚的程度"}, "answer": "肺动脉狭窄的程度", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者女性,45岁,左乳房外上象限4cm×3cm肿块,距乳头5cm,可推动。但是病人双手叉腰时肿块活动度明显受限,左腋窝未扪及肿大淋巴结。3.术后选择CMF方案辅助化疗,疗程数是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2", "B": "6", "C": "10", "D": "18"}, "answer": "6", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.测定被试的掩饰程度(  )。", "options": {"A": "P量表", "B": "N量表", "C": "L量表", "D": "K量表"}, "answer": "L量表", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,67岁。间断咳嗽、咳痰15年,心悸、气短伴双下肢水肿3天。心电图示胸前导联重度顺钟向转位,V1导联呈R3型,V5R/S<1,RV1+SV5=1.5mV。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心包积液", "B": "扩张型心肌病", "C": "慢性肺源性心脏病", "D": "冠心病,心肌梗死"}, "answer": "慢性肺源性心脏病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,40岁,因左股骨粉碎性骨折入院,突然发生昏厥、呼吸困难、胸痛。查体,呼吸增快、发绀,肺部湿啰音;X线检查,肺不张,胸腔内可见少量积液。肺内的病变可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎", "B": "肺动脉血栓栓塞", "C": "肺脂肪栓塞", "D": "肺气肿"}, "answer": "肺脂肪栓塞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,60岁,约有10年高血压病史,经强心、利尿治疗好转,但近日病情加重,出现心慌、气短,下肢水肿加重。诊断为原发性高血压、慢性心功不全、心肌肥大。继续治疗最好加用哪一种药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "卡托普利", "B": "肼屈嗪", "C": "硝苯地平", "D": "哌唑嗪"}, "answer": "卡托普利", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于小儿免疫系统,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿时期各种T细胞亚群功能均显不足", "B": "新生儿B淋巴细胞发育已完善", "C": "IgG不能通过胎盘", "D": "脐血IgM水平过高,提示可能有宫内感染"}, "answer": "IgG不能通过胎盘", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哪项是细菌细胞壁的基础成分?(  )", "options": {"A": "肽聚糖", "B": "脂多糖", "C": "磷壁酸", "D": "外膜"}, "answer": "肽聚糖", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,28岁,面部及下肢水肿,尿蛋白+++,血压150/1OOmmHg。肾穿刺活检:肾小球体积增大,电镜见脏层上皮与基底膜之间有驼峰样致密沉积物。本例肾炎属(  )。", "options": {"A": "膜性肾炎", "B": "毛细血管内增生性肾炎", "C": "轻微病变型肾炎", "D": "IgA肾病"}, "answer": "毛细血管内增生性肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性腹膜炎发生严重休克,其原因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量毒素吸收", "B": "中毒性心肌炎", "C": "毒素吸收及血容量减少", "D": "体液丧失于腹腔"}, "answer": "毒素吸收及血容量减少", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "当交感—肾上腺系统活动时,调节肾上腺髓质释放的因素主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经调节", "B": "前馈调节", "C": "自身调节", "D": "体液调节"}, "answer": "神经调节", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "RNA聚合酶Ⅱ(TFⅡ)中能与TATA盒直接结合的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "TFⅡB", "B": "TFⅡD", "C": "TFIIE", "D": "TFⅡF"}, "answer": "TFⅡD", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.炎性渗出物压迫神经末梢,炎症介质刺激神经末梢引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "红", "B": "肿", "C": "热", "D": "痛"}, "answer": "痛", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "培养真菌的最适宜pH是(  )。", "options": {"A": "pH=1", "B": "pH=5", "C": "pH=7", "D": "pH=9"}, "answer": "pH=5", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "高钾血症的典型心电图改变为(  )。", "options": {"A": "T波变宽", "B": "出现U波", "C": "高而尖的T波", "D": "QT间期延长"}, "answer": "高而尖的T波", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "催化体内储存的甘油三酯水解的脂肪酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胰脂酶", "B": "激素敏感脂肪酶", "C": "组织脂肪酶", "D": "脂蛋白脂肪酶"}, "answer": "激素敏感脂肪酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,41岁。低热、乏力伴腹胀2个月。查体:腹部膨隆,腹壁柔韧感,有压痛和轻反跳痛,移动性浊音阳性,腹水为渗出液。为明确诊断,最有价值的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃肠道钡剂检查", "B": "MRI", "C": "腹水细菌培养", "D": "腹腔镜检查"}, "answer": "腹水细菌培养", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.环磷酰胺(  )。", "options": {"A": "干扰核酸合成", "B": "破坏DNA结构与功能", "C": "嵌入DNA干扰转录", "D": "影响激素平衡"}, "answer": "破坏DNA结构与功能", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "化脓性骨髓炎最常见的感染途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血循环播散", "B": "骨折切开复位、内固定", "C": "开放性骨折", "D": "淋巴循环播散"}, "answer": "血循环播散", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,35岁,平素健康,先有低热(37.6℃)与全身不适1天,此后感两足麻木无力,逐渐加重,于3天内发展至两下肢完全性截瘫与大小便失禁。检查:两下肢完全瘫痪,肌张力低下,双侧巴宾斯基征阴性,乳头水平以下痛、触觉均消失且无汗,腰椎穿刺检查:脑脊液正常,椎管通畅,脊椎平片(-)。诊断应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性炎症性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病", "B": "脊髓肿瘤", "C": "急性脊髓炎", "D": "脊髓出血"}, "answer": "急性脊髓炎", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.骨端偏心的膨胀性破坏,X线呈肥皂泡样改变见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨结核", "B": "骨坏死", "C": "骨巨细胞瘤", "D": "骨软骨瘤"}, "answer": "骨巨细胞瘤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,30岁。4年前血小板减少,2年前间断面部红斑伴低热。实验室检查:抗核抗体(+),抗心磷脂抗体(+),诊断系统性红斑狼疮。此次妊娠6个月,胎死宫内,同时出现左下肢深静脉血栓。考虑合并的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "妊娠期高血压疾病", "B": "干燥综合征", "C": "弥散性血管内凝血", "D": "抗磷脂综合征"}, "answer": "抗磷脂综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "瘢痕性幽门梗阻最突出的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消瘦", "B": "呕吐胃内容物及胆汁", "C": "移动性浊音阳性", "D": "呕吐宿食、不含胆汁"}, "answer": "呕吐宿食、不含胆汁", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "能最显著地促进胰岛素分泌的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑胃肽", "B": "促胃液素", "C": "促胰液素", "D": "生长素"}, "answer": "抑胃肽", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某男性患者,65岁,患胃癌4年,晚期,已失去手术治疗价值,生命垂危。家属再三恳求医生,希望能满足病人心理上的渴求,收他入院。医生出于“人道”,破格将他收入院。究竟该不该收治这个病人,按医院的职能和任务要求,1.下述哪项是不对的?(  )", "options": {"A": "医院治病救人对所有病人都应一视同仁", "B": "医院担负治病救人的任务,应该收治这个病人", "C": "治愈率、床位周转率是考核医院效益的指标,因而不能收治晚期癌症病人", "D": "在医院内,病人有安全感,心理状态好"}, "answer": "治愈率、床位周转率是考核医院效益的指标,因而不能收治晚期癌症病人", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.可引起男子乳房女性化和女性吧体毛增多的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呋塞米", "B": "螺内酯", "C": "氢氯噻嗪", "D": "氨苯蝶啶"}, "answer": "螺内酯", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性酒精性中毒的震颤谵妄的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "停酒后出现的急性精神症状群", "B": "长期饮酒过程中出现的慢性精神症状群", "C": "停酒后缓慢出现的记忆障碍", "D": "长期饮酒过程中出现的行为改变"}, "answer": "停酒后出现的急性精神症状群", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "能够诱导UDP-葡萄糖醛酸基转移酶合成从而减轻黄疸的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯巴比妥", "B": "磺胺嘧啶", "C": "氢氯噻嗪", "D": "阿司匹林"}, "answer": "苯巴比妥", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,70岁,高热、畏寒、剧烈头痛入院,用青霉素无效,发病第5天,除面部外,于胸肩等处出现鲜红色斑丘疹,于内衣见有瘙虮,发病10天,外斐试验效价为1:400,应选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "磺胺嘧啶", "B": "庆大霉素", "C": "头孢他定", "D": "四环素"}, "answer": "四环素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,46岁,全身乏力,嗜睡,少言,动作缓慢,畏寒,体温低于正常,皮肤干燥、增厚、粗糙,呈非凹陷性浮肿,智力、记忆力减退,听觉减退,步态不稳,共济失调,幻觉、妄想。该患者诊断为甲状腺功能低下所致精神障碍,其治疗措施哪项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "防止感染", "B": "甲状腺素治疗", "C": "足量抗精神病药物", "D": "慎用催眠药"}, "answer": "足量抗精神病药物", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女孩,1岁。因智力发育落后来着。查体T 36.5℃,P 110次/分,R 28次/分,表情呆滞,眼距宽,眼外眦上斜,鼻梁塌,舌常伸出口外。心肺腹部未见明显异常。小指向内弯曲,通贯手。为明确诊断,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨龄", "B": "血氨基酸分析", "C": "血TSH", "D": "染色体核型分析"}, "answer": "染色体核型分析", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "左侧继发性三叉神经痛,除出现左面部痛觉减退外,还有(  )。", "options": {"A": "左角膜反射消失,下颌向右偏斜", "B": "左角膜反射存在,下颌向右偏斜", "C": "左角膜反射消失,下颌向左偏斜", "D": "左角膜反射存在,下颌无偏斜"}, "answer": "左角膜反射消失,下颌向左偏斜", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.初产妇,24岁。妊娠38周,凌晨3时出现规律宫缩,19时30分宫口开大2cm,此时的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "第二产程停滞", "B": "第二产程延长", "C": "活跃期停滞", "D": "潜伏期延长"}, "answer": "潜伏期延长", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "乳腺的典型髓样癌,镜下病理变化为(  )。", "options": {"A": "癌实质少,间质多", "B": "癌实质,间质都很多", "C": "癌实质多,间质少", "D": "癌实质无变化,间质少"}, "answer": "癌实质多,间质少", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,30岁,工程师,大学文化,一年前独自到树林中迷路时,听到两个割草人在谈话:“在树林中看到一头黑熊。”找这两个人时旁边一个人都没有,四处寂静无声。后来在车间工作时看到了自己家墙上的钟和图画,或者“就是现在眼前”或者“在头脑里面”。有时耳边听到一群不工作的人放肆地大量喝酒。对妻子到医院探视抱有憎恨,认为医生要毒死他。躯体检查无异常。2.最有效的治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗精神病", "B": "疗养、旅游", "C": "抗抑郁", "D": "心理治疗"}, "answer": "抗精神病", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "胆固醇在体内代谢的主要去路是在肝脏中转化为(  )。", "options": {"A": "NADPH", "B": "乙酰CoA", "C": "维生素D", "D": "胆汁酸"}, "answer": "胆汁酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,40岁,因肋骨肿瘤行肋骨切除,术后病理证实为甲状腺滤泡状腺癌转移,随后检查发现甲状腺右侧下极有直径2cm的肿块,质硬,颈部未发现肿大淋巴结。下一步恰当的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右侧甲状腺及峡部切除,左侧甲状腺大部切除,术后行放射性碘治疗", "B": "甲状腺全切,术后行放射性碘治疗", "C": "甲状腺全切+右侧颈淋巴结清扫,术后行放射性碘治疗", "D": "化疗,同时口服甲状腺干制剂"}, "answer": "甲状腺全切+右侧颈淋巴结清扫,术后行放射性碘治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "仰卧位时,吸入性肺脓肿好发于(  )。", "options": {"A": "上叶后段或下叶背段", "B": "右上叶前段或后段", "C": "右下叶后基底段", "D": "肺尖部"}, "answer": "上叶后段或下叶背段", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "为降低高胆红素血症,防止核黄疸的发生,最为有效的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蓝光照射", "B": "白蛋白静滴", "C": "激素应用", "D": "静滴葡萄糖"}, "answer": "蓝光照射", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "长期大量应用糖皮质激素可引起哪一种不良反应?(  )", "options": {"A": "高血钾", "B": "低血糖", "C": "高血钙", "D": "水钠潴留"}, "answer": "水钠潴留", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,男,2岁。咳嗽发热3天,烦躁气促半天。体检:T 38.0℃,R 40次/min,心率168次/min。体格发育落后,呼吸急促,三凹征阳性,口唇发绀,双肺可闻及中、小水泡音,P2亢进;胸骨左缘第3、4肋间闻及3/6级粗糙的全收缩期杂音,向四周广泛传导,杂音最响亮的部位触及收缩期震颤,肝肋下3cm,质软。2.目前最紧急正确的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纠正心力衰竭", "B": "应用扩血管药减轻心脏负荷", "C": "室间隔缺损封堵术", "D": "室间隔缺损修补术"}, "answer": "纠正心力衰竭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "经产妇,31岁。现妊娠35周。查体:BP120/80mmHg,宫底35cm,胎心136次/分,空腹血糖6.2mmol/L,尿糖(+)。2年前因妊娠8个月死胎行引产术。1.对该患者最有意义的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄糖耐量试验", "B": "尿常规", "C": "尿雌三醇", "D": "血生化检查"}, "answer": "葡萄糖耐量试验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "6个月婴儿,女,发现表情呆滞2个月,易激惹,时有痉挛发作,每日约2~3次。体检:反应差,精神呆滞,头发黄褐色,皮肤白皙,尿有霉臭味,脑电图示较多棘慢波。2.其发病机制是因为肝内缺乏(  )。", "options": {"A": "酪氨酸酶", "B": "苯丙氨酸羟化酶", "C": "尿黑酸酶", "D": "谷氨酸脱氢酶"}, "answer": "苯丙氨酸羟化酶", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初孕妇,28岁,妊娠36周,血压升高3周。今晨突然腹痛,呈持续性,阵发性加重。BP 150/98mmHg,心率112次/min,尿蛋白(++),阴道少量流血。1.体格检查最可能发现的子宫体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不规则收缩、较硬、有压痛,宫缩间歇期子宫不完全松弛", "B": "有规则阵发性收缩,宫缩间歇期子宫完全松弛", "C": "局部降起似包块,有压痛", "D": "上段硬,下段膨隆压痛,交界处有一头凹陷"}, "answer": "不规则收缩、较硬、有压痛,宫缩间歇期子宫不完全松弛", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,34岁,患胆囊结石4年。饱餐后持续上腹疼痛10小时,向腰背部放射,伴恶心、呕吐、发热。查体:上腹明显压痛,Murphy征阴性,肋脊角无压痛、叩痛。2.为明确诊断,首选的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "MRI", "B": "血脂肪酶", "C": "血淀粉酶", "D": "X线钡餐检查"}, "answer": "血淀粉酶", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.缺铁性贫血服用铁剂治疗后12~24小时(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞内含铁酶开始恢复", "B": "血红蛋白逐渐上升", "C": "血红蛋白达到正常", "D": "网织红细胞降至正常"}, "answer": "细胞内含铁酶开始恢复", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者右侧肢体无力一年余,查体右上肢下运动神经元瘫,肌力4级,右下肢上运动神经元瘫,肌力3级,病变位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "右上胸髓部", "B": "左上胸髓部", "C": "双侧颈膨大部", "D": "右侧颈膨大部"}, "answer": "右侧颈膨大部", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.昏迷入院的病人抢救时医患关系模式为(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动被动型", "B": "指导合作型", "C": "患者至上型", "D": "互惠型"}, "answer": "主动被动型", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医生行使干涉权不是针对(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人自主要求易诊时", "B": "需要进行隔离的传染病患者", "C": "人体实验出现高度危险时而中止实验", "D": "危重病人要求了解自己的疾病实情,但了解后不利于诊治,医生隐瞒真相"}, "answer": "病人自主要求易诊时", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某女怀孕后,非常想知道胎儿的性别,遂请好友某妇产科医师为其做胎儿性别鉴定。该医师碍于情面实施胎儿性别鉴定。根据《母婴保健法》的规定,当地卫生计生行政部门应对该医师做出的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "处以罚款", "B": "给予行政处分", "C": "扣发年度奖金", "D": "调离工作岗位"}, "answer": "给予行政处分", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "中年男性,近年来与妻子关系紧张,常失眠,夜间盘问妻子一天的行踪,并搜索包内物品,白日跟踪妻子,认为妻子与单位的男同事有不正当关系,曾写信到单位“检举揭发”,打匿名电话警告妻子单位的男同事。吃饭时认为菜里有洗衣粉的味道,怀疑是妻子与别人联合起来对付他。3.此病人考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "人格障碍", "B": "心境障碍", "C": "恐惧症", "D": "精神分裂症"}, "answer": "精神分裂症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,24岁,背痛,体检发现胸椎角状后突畸形,伴低热、血沉增快,主要考虑是(  )。", "options": {"A": "强直性脊柱炎", "B": "脊椎肿瘤", "C": "脊柱骨性关节炎", "D": "胸椎结核"}, "answer": "胸椎结核", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "富含维生素A的食物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "粮谷类", "B": "猕猴桃", "C": "奶及奶制品", "D": "马铃薯"}, "answer": "粮谷类", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.小儿腹泻,重度脱水,第1天静脉补液的量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "60~90ml/kg", "B": "150~180ml/kg", "C": "90~120ml/kg", "D": "120~150ml/kg"}, "answer": "150~180ml/kg", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "重症哮喘时最多见的酸碱失衡是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸性碱中毒", "B": "呼吸性碱中毒合并代谢性碱中毒", "C": "呼吸性碱中毒合并代谢性酸中毒", "D": "呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性酸中毒"}, "answer": "呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性酸中毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "产后出血的最主要的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫收缩乏力", "B": "胎盘因素", "C": "凝血功能障碍", "D": "血小板计数减少"}, "answer": "子宫收缩乏力", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,74岁。行胃癌根治术后7天,咳嗽后腹正中伤口内有多量淡红色液体流出。最可能出现的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "切口下异物", "B": "切口皮下积液", "C": "切口裂开", "D": "切口感染"}, "answer": "切口裂开", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,20岁。施工时左大腿开放伤,未发现骨折,行简单的创口缝合,2天后感伤部包扎过紧,疼痛剧烈,患肢肿胀明显,缝合处血性液体渗出多,恶臭。2.导致这种感染最主要的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤口包扎过紧", "B": "未应用广谱抗生素", "C": "未行静脉营养", "D": "第一次清创不彻底"}, "answer": "第一次清创不彻底", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "当胃酸分泌过少时,不受影响的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃蛋白酶对蛋白质的消化", "B": "对细菌抑制杀灭作用", "C": "胰液和胆汁的分泌", "D": "维生素B12的吸收"}, "answer": "维生素B12的吸收", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,65岁,既往有高血压病史约5年,血压控制不稳定,饮酒史30年,3~4两/日。某日中午饮2两白酒后,突然出现口齿不清,瘫软在地,送往医院途中,情绪烦躁,神情恐惧,要拔除输液管,不能辨认亲人。2.首选辅助检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅脑CT", "B": "血液酒精浓度测定", "C": "血淀粉酶", "D": "脑电图"}, "answer": "颅脑CT", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "50岁男性,外伤后致胫腓骨中下1/3开放性骨折,经治疗,3个月后X线片复查见骨折略有移位,骨折线清晰,你认为影响骨折愈合的最主要的原因(  )。", "options": {"A": "年龄较大", "B": "骨折段血液供血不足", "C": "伤口有感染", "D": "周围软组织挫伤严重"}, "answer": "骨折段血液供血不足", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "高血压性脑出血最好发生的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑桥", "B": "小脑", "C": "脑室", "D": "壳核及其附近"}, "answer": "壳核及其附近", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "维持机体新陈代谢所必需的能量,为小儿所特有的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "基础代谢", "B": "生长发育所需", "C": "活动所需", "D": "排泄损失能量"}, "answer": "生长发育所需", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "通常三环类抗抑郁药物的每天治疗剂量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "50~75mg", "B": "75~100mg", "C": "150~300mg", "D": "300~400mg"}, "answer": "150~300mg", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对病毒生物学性状的描述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "含有DNA和RNA两种核酸", "B": "以复制方式增殖", "C": "必须寄生于活细胞内", "D": "属于非细胞型微生物"}, "answer": "含有DNA和RNA两种核酸", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,40岁。右大腿挤压伤后发生化脓性感染10天。观察中血压下降至80/60mmHg,脉细速。其扩容治疗应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄糖溶液", "B": "平衡盐溶液", "C": "全血", "D": "碳酸氢钠溶液"}, "answer": "平衡盐溶液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "人的社会性需要不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "劳动", "B": "求知", "C": "饮食", "D": "尊重"}, "answer": "饮食", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.伤寒治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "链霉素", "B": "青霉素", "C": "环丙沙星", "D": "四环素"}, "answer": "环丙沙星", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "治疗脑膜白血病首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "长春新碱", "B": "环磷酰胺", "C": "6-巯基嘌呤", "D": "甲氨蝶呤"}, "answer": "甲氨蝶呤", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不出现管型尿的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾病综合征", "B": "急性肾小球肾炎", "C": "急进性肾小球肾炎", "D": "急性膀胱炎"}, "answer": "肾病综合征", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "最能反映医患关系性质的表述是一种(  )。", "options": {"A": "信托关系", "B": "主动—被动关系", "C": "类似父子的关系", "D": "商品关系"}, "answer": "信托关系", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.霍乱弧菌的致病物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "致热外毒素(红疹毒素)", "B": "荚膜", "C": "肠毒素", "D": "表皮溶解毒素"}, "answer": "肠毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,18岁。3小时前剧烈活动时,右下腹部剧烈疼痛,恶心、呕吐2次,体温37.5℃。肛查子宫右侧触及活动良好、触痛明显、手拳头大肿物。1.该患者最可能的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫浆膜下肌瘤扭转", "B": "输卵管结核", "C": "盆腔炎性包块", "D": "卵巢肿瘤蒂扭转"}, "answer": "卵巢肿瘤蒂扭转", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,27岁。妊娠7周行人工流产负压吸引术,术者突觉“无底”感,患者随即感下腹部剧烈疼痛,伴恶心,心率75次/分。首先应考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "失血性休克", "B": "流产不全", "C": "羊水栓塞", "D": "子宫穿孔"}, "answer": "子宫穿孔", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,35岁,发热,气短15天,伴明显刺激性咳嗽、咽痛、头痛。白细胞增高。胸片呈双下肺点片状浸润影。最有可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "干酪性肺炎", "B": "葡萄球菌肺炎", "C": "支原体肺炎", "D": "肺孢子菌肺炎"}, "answer": "支原体肺炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "存在于抗原分子表面的,决定抗原特异性的特殊的化学基团称作(  )。", "options": {"A": "表位", "B": "类属抗原", "C": "抗原结合价", "D": "Forssman抗原"}, "answer": "表位", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.肾炎性肾病(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿蛋白+++,RBC++,血总蛋白降低,胆固醇增高,血尿素氮增高,血压增高", "B": "少尿持续2周以上,尿RBC+++,血尿素氮明显增高,血压增高", "C": "尿蛋白+,RBC++,血补体降低,血压增高", "D": "尿蛋白++,WBC+++,血补体正常,血压正常"}, "answer": "尿蛋白+++,RBC++,血总蛋白降低,胆固醇增高,血尿素氮增高,血压增高", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,2岁,1周前无明显诱因发热,流泪、畏光,当地医院疑“上呼吸道感染”给予口服抗生素,4天后患儿病情加重,咳嗽,出现皮疹,今日来我院。体检见皮肤红色斑丘疹,双肺闻及湿啰音。诊断:麻疹合并肺炎。2.此患儿应隔离至(  )。", "options": {"A": "出疹后1周", "B": "出疹后10天", "C": "出疹后2周", "D": "出疹后3周"}, "answer": "出疹后10天", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "易发生贫血性梗死的器官是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心,脑,肠", "B": "肾,脑,肠", "C": "心,脾,肾", "D": "肾,心,肺"}, "answer": "心,脾,肾", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,45岁。疲乏、贫血4个月入院。既往有乙型肝炎病史10年。查体:眼结膜略苍白,腹软,可见腹腔静脉曲张,肝肋下未触及,脾大,移动性浊音阳性。血PLT 50×109/L。血小板减少最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "营养不良", "B": "溶血", "C": "骨髓抑制", "D": "脾功能亢进"}, "answer": "脾功能亢进", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于骨软骨瘤临床表现的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一般无症状,为生长缓慢的骨性突起", "B": "肿物与周围界限不清", "C": "肿块明显,皮肤有静脉怒张", "D": "生长较快,伴明显疼痛"}, "answer": "一般无症状,为生长缓慢的骨性突起", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "初次分离培养脑膜炎奈氏菌需要(  )。", "options": {"A": "含5%的新鲜红细胞培养基", "B": "5%~10%的CO2气体环境", "C": "0.3 %琼脂培养基", "D": "含0.05%胆盐的培养基"}, "answer": "5%~10%的CO2气体环境", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,48岁。发现乙肝肝硬化10年。对该患者动态监测的血清学指标最主要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "凝血酶原时间", "B": "胆红素", "C": "血清Ⅲ型前胶原肽", "D": "HBsAg"}, "answer": "血清Ⅲ型前胶原肽", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列导致女性不孕的因素中,最常见的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫因素", "B": "子宫因素", "C": "宫颈因素", "D": "输卵管因素"}, "answer": "输卵管因素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某县医院在处方检查中发现某医师开具了3张超常处方,医院领导询问其原因,该医师未能作出合理解释。于是医院根据相关规定对其作出了处理。该处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "限制处方权", "B": "取消处方权", "C": "记过", "D": "吊销医师证"}, "answer": "限制处方权", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男婴,5天,出生时正常,不吃、不哭、体温不升1天,嗜睡,查体:反应差,皮肤轻度黄疸并有花纹,呼吸急促。该婴的可能诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿黄疸", "B": "新生儿败血症", "C": "新生儿窒息", "D": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病"}, "answer": "新生儿败血症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项为恶性肿瘤向邻近器官侵犯的主要方式?(  )", "options": {"A": "直接蔓延", "B": "种植播散", "C": "血管播散", "D": "接触播散"}, "answer": "直接蔓延", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "接合性质粒包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "F质粒", "B": "R质粒", "C": "Col质粒", "D": "以上均是"}, "answer": "以上均是", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,37岁。多食,易饥,大便次数增多,体重下降3个月,发作性软瘫1天。查体:P110次/分,BP 150/60mmHg,体型中等,匀称,皮肤潮湿。血钾3.0mmol/L。1.对明确诊断最有帮助的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "24小时尿儿茶酚胺", "B": "空腹血糖", "C": "FT3、FT4和TSH", "D": "24小时尿游离皮质醇"}, "answer": "FT3、FT4和TSH", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不是免疫概念的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "清除大分子异物", "B": "识别大分子异物", "C": "抵抗病原微生物的侵袭", "D": "对机体有害"}, "answer": "对机体有害", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "以下病人义务,哪一点是错误的(  )。", "options": {"A": "轻视医务人员的劳动", "B": "如实提供病情和有关信息", "C": "在医疗过程中与医师合作和理解", "D": "经过思考对治疗作出负责的决定"}, "answer": "轻视医务人员的劳动", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "胺碘酮的药理作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "增加心肌耗氧量", "B": "明显延长心肌不应期", "C": "加快心肌传导", "D": "收缩冠状动脉"}, "answer": "明显延长心肌不应期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,56岁。2年来表现为烦渴多食、多饮、多尿,体重下降,疲倦无力,注意力不集中,失眠,情绪低落,主动性差,反应迟钝。1周前出现兴奋不安,言语紊乱而住院。3.该患者最重要的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用肾上腺皮质激素", "B": "补充雌激素", "C": "补充甲状腺素", "D": "控制血糖"}, "answer": "控制血糖", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1岁患儿,腹泻伴发热、呕吐,大便腥臭,呈暗绿色,量多有黏液,腹泻前因“肺炎”住院半月,曾用阿奇霉素、头孢类抗生素10余日。(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒性肠炎", "B": "致病性大肠杆菌肠炎", "C": "生理性腹泻", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌肠炎"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌肠炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,45岁。间断胸骨后疼痛、反酸、烧心1年。饮酒后加重。查体:T 36.5℃,P 80次/分,R 18次/分,BP 120/80mmHg。浅表淋巴结未触及肿大,双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿啰音,心律齐,腹软,全腹无压痛及反跳痛。胃镜:食管下段可见长约0.3cm纵行黏膜破损。首选的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "碳酸氢钠", "B": "奥美拉唑", "C": "多潘立酮", "D": "硫糖铝"}, "answer": "奥美拉唑", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,25岁,摔倒后致单纯性左肩关节脱位,2h后来医院就诊,X线片排除骨折可能。3.该病人解除外固定后,其左侧肩、肘关节活动受限。应如何处理?(  )", "options": {"A": "单纯予以理疗", "B": "在局麻下行手法扳正", "C": "延长外固定l~2周", "D": "进行关节各个活动方向的主动锻炼"}, "answer": "进行关节各个活动方向的主动锻炼", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "脊髓前角α运动神经元传出冲动增加导致(  )。", "options": {"A": "腱器官传入冲动减少", "B": "梭外肌收缩", "C": "梭内肌收缩", "D": "梭内肌与梭外肌都收缩"}, "answer": "梭外肌收缩", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.利福平(  )。", "options": {"A": "可引起外周神经炎", "B": "对动物有致畸形作用", "C": "可引起耳鸣、耳聋", "D": "可引起关节疼痛"}, "answer": "对动物有致畸形作用", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述组合哪一项正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "急性粒细胞自血病——特异性皮肤损害多见", "B": "M3——多伴DIC", "C": "慢性淋巴细胞白血病一多见急变", "D": "慢性粒细胞白血病——多伴中枢神经系统白血病"}, "answer": "M3——多伴DIC", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,56岁,皮下结节两年,1个月来癫痫发作频繁。查体:躯干、四肢、头皮下可触及多个0.5~1cm大小的圆形结节,无触痛,与周围有粘连。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "囊虫病", "B": "脑肿瘤", "C": "原发性癫痫", "D": "结核"}, "answer": "囊虫病", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于小儿呼吸道感染错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上呼吸道感染,最常见的病原是病毒", "B": "毛细支气管炎病原体多为肺炎链球菌", "C": "疱疹性咽峡炎病原体为柯萨奇A组病毒", "D": "支原体肺炎病原体为肺炎支原体"}, "answer": "毛细支气管炎病原体多为肺炎链球菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于药物pKa下述哪种解释正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "在中性溶液中药物的pH值", "B": "药物呈最大解离时溶液的pH值", "C": "是表示药物酸碱性的指标", "D": "药物解离50%时溶液的pH值"}, "answer": "药物解离50%时溶液的pH值", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "能防止,甚至逆转血管壁增厚和心肌肥大的抗高血压药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "β受体阻断药", "B": "利尿降压药", "C": "钙拮抗药", "D": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制药"}, "answer": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制药", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "当传染病暴发、流行时,经省、自治区、直辖市政府决定,可以对其实行封锁的地区是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲类传染病疫区", "B": "甲、乙、丙三类传染病疫区", "C": "甲类和乙类传染病疫区", "D": "甲、乙、丙三类传染病疫区都不可以实行封锁"}, "answer": "甲类传染病疫区", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "潜伏感染的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "潜伏期长达数月至数十年", "B": "症状多为亚急性", "C": "无症状期用常规方法不能分离出病毒", "D": "不侵犯中枢神经系统"}, "answer": "无症状期用常规方法不能分离出病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "氧氟沙星的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗菌活性强", "B": "耐药性产生慢", "C": "血药浓度低", "D": "作用短暂"}, "answer": "抗菌活性强", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,18岁,大学一年级学生。近2个月来行为怪异:尽管家境富裕却经常拎吃垃圾,解释是要“励志”;上课时常突然旁若无人地发笑,有时举手提问一些与课堂内容无关的奇怪问题,如:“老师的孩子有4只眼睛吧?因为你和爱人各有2只眼睛”。几次从澡堂里赤身露体出来,解释是“要进行人体艺术展览”,有时半夜在操场大声唱歌。入院检查有片断的关系妄想和被害妄想,临床诊断为精神分裂症,最可能的分型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "紧张型", "B": "青春型", "C": "单纯型", "D": "未定型"}, "answer": "青春型", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,25岁,5年来一直在购买收藏女性的高跟鞋而感到满足,而且晚上要抱着高跟鞋睡觉,在心理咨询门诊诊断为“恋物癖”,对此类患者的治疗方法最好选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "厌恶治疗", "B": "自由联想", "C": "系统脱敏", "D": "梦的分析"}, "answer": "厌恶治疗", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.隐匿、伪造或者擅自销毁医学文书及有关资料,构成犯罪的(  )。", "options": {"A": "吊销其执业证书", "B": "追究刑事责任", "C": "罚款", "D": "承担赔偿责任"}, "answer": "追究刑事责任", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胎头跨耻征阳性,骨盆测量径线最有价值的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "髂嵴间径", "B": "髂嵴间径", "C": "骶耻外径", "D": "坐骨棘间径"}, "answer": "骶耻外径", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "营养性巨幼红细胞贫血的血象具有早期诊断意义的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大细胞性贫血", "B": "红细胞减少比血红蛋白减少更为明显", "C": "嗜多色性和嗜碱性点彩红细胞易见", "D": "中性粒细胞变大并有分叶过多现象"}, "answer": "中性粒细胞变大并有分叶过多现象", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "以下哪项为诊断精神障碍的主要依据?(  )", "options": {"A": "躯体检查和神经系统检查", "B": "脑影像学检查", "C": "病史采集和精神检查", "D": "实验室检查"}, "answer": "病史采集和精神检查", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不宜单独用于治疗嗜铬细胞瘤的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "哌唑嗪", "B": "阿替洛尔", "C": "硝普钠", "D": "酚苄明"}, "answer": "阿替洛尔", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某医师拟比较四组人群血型分布(A、B、AB和O型)的差别,适宜的统计分析方法为(  )。", "options": {"A": "μ检验", "B": "回归分析", "C": "t检验", "D": "χ2检验"}, "answer": "χ2检验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "营养不良合并贫血,最多见的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "缺乏叶酸所致的巨幼细胞性贫血", "B": "溶血性贫血", "C": "营养性缺铁性贫血", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "营养性缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,16岁,因寒战、发热、咽痛来诊,经检查:体温39℃、双侧扁桃体肿大Ⅱ度,诊断为急性扁桃体炎,决定用青霉素。青霉素皮试为(-)。但注射青霉素后,病人突感头晕、恶心、呕吐,全身湿冷,面色苍白,血压已测不到,此时的抢救应该用(  )。", "options": {"A": "间羟胺", "B": "肾上腺素", "C": "去甲肾上腺素", "D": "山莨菪碱"}, "answer": "肾上腺素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某患者乘车时,急刹车,右膝前方受到撞击,出现右髋剧痛,髋关节运动障碍,处于屈曲内收、内旋畸形状态。1.应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "股骨颈骨折", "B": "股骨粗隆下骨折", "C": "髋关节后脱位", "D": "髋关节前脱位"}, "answer": "髋关节后脱位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "抗结核病的首选药和必选药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "异烟肼", "B": "乙胺丁醇", "C": "利福平", "D": "链霉素"}, "answer": "异烟肼", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.乙肝病毒复制指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗HBs", "B": "HBeAg", "C": "抗HBe", "D": "抗HBc"}, "answer": "HBeAg", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪项是产生毒素与噬菌体有关的细菌?(  )", "options": {"A": "霍乱弧菌", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "C": "产气荚膜梭菌", "D": "白喉棒状杆菌"}, "answer": "白喉棒状杆菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医疗机构施行特殊治疗时(  )。", "options": {"A": "可以由本科室在科主任主持下讨论决定施行", "B": "由医院决定施行", "C": "可以征求患者意见", "D": "必须征得患者同意"}, "answer": "必须征得患者同意", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.铅的主要蓄积部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨骼", "B": "肾脏", "C": "肝脏", "D": "神经组织"}, "answer": "骨骼", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "诊断抑郁发作的必要条件是(  )。", "options": {"A": "早醒", "B": "思维迟缓", "C": "动作减少", "D": "情绪低落"}, "answer": "情绪低落", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.地方性甲状腺肿的发生是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "食物中缺碘", "B": "长期大量服用糖皮质激素", "C": "甲状腺手术误切除甲状旁腺", "D": "幼年时腺垂体肿瘤"}, "answer": "食物中缺碘", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "膜性肾小球肾炎肉眼病变特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大白肾", "B": "大红肾", "C": "多囊肾", "D": "固缩肾"}, "answer": "大白肾", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性。26岁,汽车修配厂工人,2天前抬轮胎时失手,腰部骤然有撕裂感,随即剧痛,自今晨起疼痛向右下肢放散,咳嗽与排便时疼痛加剧。查体:腰部僵硬,腰肌活动明显受限,右棘突旁明显压痛,直腿抬高试验左侧60°、右侧45°,加强试验阳性。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性腰扭伤", "B": "腰间盘突出症", "C": "腰椎屈曲型压缩骨折", "D": "腰椎结核"}, "answer": "腰间盘突出症", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,16岁,近3天双下肢伸侧出现紫癜,分批出现两侧,对称、颜色鲜红,伴腹痛及关节痛,血小板100×109/L,WBC 10×109/L,Hb 100g/L,凝血时间正常,应首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "特发性血小板减少性紫癜", "B": "过敏性紫癜", "C": "再生障碍性贫血", "D": "血友病"}, "answer": "过敏性紫癜", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不属于心理健康的典型表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人格完美", "B": "智力正常", "C": "适应环境", "D": "情绪良好"}, "answer": "人格完美", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "直接作用于血管平滑肌,降低心脏前、后负荷的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硝普钠", "B": "多巴胺", "C": "酚妥拉明", "D": "哌唑嗪"}, "answer": "硝普钠", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "慢性锥体束损害的肌张力表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "强直性铅管样肌张力增高", "B": "痉挛性折刀样肌张力增高", "C": "强直性齿轮样肌张力增高", "D": "去大脑强直"}, "answer": "痉挛性折刀样肌张力增高", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "6个月~6岁小儿Hb值的低限是(  )。", "options": {"A": "90g/L", "B": "100g/L", "C": "110g/L", "D": "120g/L"}, "answer": "110g/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "贯通伤是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "创伤后深部体腔与外界相通", "B": "开放性创伤", "C": "投射物击中人体,造成一个入口和一个出口", "D": "一般是指开放性颅脑损伤"}, "answer": "投射物击中人体,造成一个入口和一个出口", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.生后2个月时应接种的疫苗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙肝疫苗", "B": "流感疫苗", "C": "脊髓灰质炎疫苗", "D": "百白破疫苗"}, "answer": "脊髓灰质炎疫苗", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下情况最常于听诊时发现心律不齐的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "室性心动过速", "B": "室上性心动过速", "C": "室性期前收缩", "D": "三度房室传导阻滞"}, "answer": "室性期前收缩", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不含高能磷酸键的化合物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "磷酸肌酸", "B": "肌苷三磷酸", "C": "磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸", "D": "1,6-双磷酸果糖"}, "answer": "1,6-双磷酸果糖", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "DNA的一级结构是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多聚A结构", "B": "核小体结构", "C": "双螺旋结构", "D": "多核苷酸排列顺序"}, "answer": "多核苷酸排列顺序", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "日本血吸虫的中间宿主是(  )。", "options": {"A": "豆螺", "B": "钉螺", "C": "沼螺", "D": "扁卷螺"}, "answer": "钉螺", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿生长发育最迅速的时期是(  )。", "options": {"A": "婴儿期", "B": "学龄前期", "C": "学龄期", "D": "青春期"}, "answer": "婴儿期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列属于酸性氨基酸的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "半胱氨酸", "B": "苏氨酸", "C": "苯丙氨酸", "D": "谷氨酸"}, "answer": "谷氨酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,20岁。突然寒战,高热,咳嗽,咳少量黏液痰,时有铁锈色痰,下列哪种疾病可能大?(  )", "options": {"A": "支气管炎", "B": "病毒性肺炎", "C": "支原体肺炎", "D": "肺炎球菌肺炎"}, "answer": "肺炎球菌肺炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于排尿反射的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "感受器主要在尿道", "B": "传入神经是躯体神经", "C": "传出神经是副交感神经", "D": "是负反馈"}, "answer": "传出神经是副交感神经", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,50岁。反复脓血便半年,每天3~5次,在当地曾按痢疾治疗无明显效果。近1个月出现腹胀,伴阵发性腹痛。查体:消瘦,腹稍胀,腹软,下腹轻压痛,右下腹可扪及一肿块,质较硬,尚可活动。1.根据上述资料,应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "溃疡性结肠炎", "B": "结肠息肉", "C": "小肠癌", "D": "结肠癌"}, "answer": "结肠癌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不符合干酪样坏死的描述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多由结核杆菌引起", "B": "淡黄色、干燥、易碎", "C": "含有多量脂质", "D": "可见原有结构"}, "answer": "可见原有结构", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "枕骨大孔疝常常是由于下述脑组织的哪一部分疝出枕骨大孔?(  )", "options": {"A": "小脑蚓部", "B": "顶下小叶", "C": "颞叶沟回", "D": "小脑扁桃体"}, "answer": "小脑扁桃体", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.上述哪项是鳞状细胞癌的组织学表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "癌细胞团中可见角化珠", "B": "粘液将癌细胞核推向一侧", "C": "癌细胞排列成条索状", "D": "癌细胞形成乳头"}, "answer": "癌细胞团中可见角化珠", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "现有若干人都想开设自己的私人诊所,从事口腔科门诊治疗,根据下面题目中叙述的情形,你认为有可能被准予注册,进行个体行医的是哪位?(  )", "options": {"A": "赵某:年仅十五岁,但自幼年在其父开办的诊所中帮忙,聪明好学,医术精湛", "B": "钱某:已在某医院作为执业医师工作满5年,但业绩平平", "C": "孙某:原就职于某医疗机构,医师考核连续两次不合格,但开办诊所的资金已到位、诊所地点已落实", "D": "李某:一年前曾因盗窃罪被判处有期徒刑6个月,现已刑满释放"}, "answer": "钱某:已在某医院作为执业医师工作满5年,但业绩平平", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某患者,高烧、黄疸,数日后死亡,尸检发现肝脏缩小,被膜皱缩,黄绿色,镜下见有大片的肝细胞坏死,肝细胞结节状再生及胆汁淤积,应诊为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性重症肝炎", "B": "亚急性重症肝炎", "C": "中度慢性肝炎", "D": "重度慢性肝炎"}, "answer": "亚急性重症肝炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,51岁。右腹股沟下方包块3年。平卧后可变小,4小时前搬重物后,包块突然增大,并出现胀痛,逐渐加重。1小时前出现右下腹阵发性绞痛。查体:表情痛苦,肠鸣音亢进,可闻及气过水声。右腹股沟下方可及3cm×3cm包块,触痛明显,无搏动感,平卧手法还纳未成功。2.处理疝囊后,一般将切断的腹股沟韧带修复缝合在(  )。", "options": {"A": "耻骨肌筋膜上", "B": "精索前方下腹外斜肌腱膜上", "C": "精索后方与腹外斜肌腱膜上", "D": "精索前方与联合腱上"}, "answer": "耻骨肌筋膜上", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有关鳞状细胞癌的描述。哪项错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "肉眼观呈菜花状", "B": "镜下癌细胞呈巢状,癌细胞间多无网状纤维", "C": "镜下癌细胞弥漫分布,癌细胞多有网状纤维", "D": "分化好的鳞癌有角化珠"}, "answer": "镜下癌细胞弥漫分布,癌细胞多有网状纤维", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,28岁,被人发现昏迷且休克,屋内有火炉,且发现有敌敌畏空瓶。查体:体温36℃,BP 90/60mmHg,四肢厥冷,腱反射消失,心电图Ⅰ度房室传导阻滞,尿糖(+),尿蛋白(+),血液的COHb为60%。2.诊断该病后,首要的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "20%甘露醇250mL快速静点", "B": "冬眠疗法", "C": "能量合剂", "D": "氧气疗法"}, "answer": "氧气疗法", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是丘脑的非特异性投射系统的主要作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "引起痛觉", "B": "引起触觉", "C": "使机体进入睡眠状态", "D": "维持大脑皮质的兴奋状态"}, "answer": "维持大脑皮质的兴奋状态", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,58岁。进行性吞咽困难2月余,上消化道X线钡餐造影见食管下段黏膜紊乱,部分管壁僵硬。为明确诊断,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "食管拉网", "B": "胸部增强CT", "C": "PET-CT", "D": "食管镜"}, "answer": "食管镜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "交感神经兴奋时可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "瞳孔缩小", "B": "逼尿肌收缩", "C": "妊娠子宫收缩", "D": "支气管平滑肌收缩"}, "answer": "妊娠子宫收缩", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,28岁。车祸后胸痛、呼吸困难40分钟。曾咳出少量血痰,无恶心、呕吐,无腹胀、腹痛,无意识障碍。查体:P 118次/分,BP 90/60mmHg。气管右偏,左侧胸壁皮肤淤青,无皮下气肿,左侧4、5、7肋骨触痛明显,可触及骨擦感,左胸叩诊鼓音,呼吸音减弱,心律齐,未闻及心脏杂音。腹软,无压痛,肝脾肋下未触及。四肢活动尚可,病理反射未引出。辅助检查:Hb 100g/L,RBC 3.2×1012/L,胸部X线片示左侧4、5、7侧肋骨折,左侧气胸,肺组织压缩约70%,左侧胸腔中等量积液。1.需要立即给予的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "加压包扎固定胸壁", "B": "胸腔闭式引流", "C": "剖腹探查", "D": "穿刺排气减压"}, "answer": "胸腔闭式引流", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.传导速度最快的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心房肌", "B": "房室交界", "C": "浦肯野纤维", "D": "房室束"}, "answer": "浦肯野纤维", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.引起急性化脓性梗阻性胆管炎最常见的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆管结石", "B": "胃癌", "C": "胆管癌", "D": "胆道蛔虫"}, "answer": "胆管结石", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "32岁男性,体检发现如下结果:HBsAg(+)HBeAg(+)抗—HBc(+),可排除(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性乙型肝炎", "B": "慢性乙型肝炎", "C": "有强传染性", "D": "接种过疫苗.对乙肝病毒有免疫力"}, "answer": "接种过疫苗.对乙肝病毒有免疫力", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一患儿以肠梗阻入院手术,术中医师将膀胱认作囊肿切除,造成患儿储尿、排尿功能严重受损。该事件中,医师的行为属(  )。", "options": {"A": "术中并发症", "B": "意外事件", "C": "直接故意", "D": "过失"}, "answer": "过失", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,28岁。脸部变圆伴血压升高6个月,闭经2个月,无高血压家族史。查体:BP 160/100mmHg,向心性肥胖,满月脸,水牛背,腹部见宽大紫纹,双下肢水肿,实验室检查:血钠149mmol/L,血钾3.2mmol/L。2.为明确诊断,该患者首先要做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾素、醛固酮", "B": "尿绒毛膜促性腺激素", "C": "促肾上腺皮质激素、皮质醇", "D": "肾上腺素"}, "answer": "促肾上腺皮质激素、皮质醇", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,26岁。平素月经规律,停经45天。行人工流产术,术中见完整绒毛,术后至今已4周余,阴道仍淋漓出血。妇科检查:子宫饱满,质软,活动好。彩色B超检查宫腔线清晰,前壁肌层有局灶性丰富血流信号。为明确诊断,首选的检查应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血hCG测定", "B": "宫腔镜", "C": "腹腔镜", "D": "孕激素试验"}, "answer": "血hCG测定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "利用电子显微镜观察原核生物和真核生物DNA复制过程,都能看到伸展成叉状的复制现象,这是因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "DNA双链被解链酶解开", "B": "冈崎片段连接时的中间体", "C": "拓扑酶发挥作用形成中间体", "D": "单向复制所致"}, "answer": "DNA双链被解链酶解开", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "营养性缺铁性贫血的正确预防措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "提倡鲜牛奶喂养", "B": "提倡母乳喂养", "C": "多补充维生素B12", "D": "早产儿需早补锌"}, "answer": "提倡母乳喂养", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "嘧啶核苷酸补救途径的主要酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "嘧啶磷酸核糖转移酶", "B": "氨基甲酰磷酸合成酶", "C": "胞苷激酶", "D": "二磷酸核苷激酶"}, "answer": "嘧啶磷酸核糖转移酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.肺炎克雷伯杆菌肺炎的X线表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管充气征", "B": "气囊影的位置和形态易变", "C": "多发性蜂窝状脓肿,叶间隙下坠", "D": "纵切面可显示为“双轨征”,横切面显示“环形阴影”"}, "answer": "多发性蜂窝状脓肿,叶间隙下坠", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "妇科检查时,宫外孕患者不会出现的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阴道后穹隆饱满、有触痛", "B": "宫颈外口松,开大容一指", "C": "宫颈有明显的举痛", "D": "子宫稍大、稍软"}, "answer": "宫颈外口松,开大容一指", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,20岁。因重型再生障碍性贫血入院,准备10天后接受异基因造血干细胞移植。因大量鼻出血和牙龈出血拟行输血,需要预订的血液成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单采血小板", "B": "辐照单采血小板", "C": "辐照冷沉淀", "D": "辐照新鲜冷冻血浆"}, "answer": "辐照单采血小板", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿抵抗力低,体质差,未接种过麻疹疫苗,与患儿接触发生麻疹,往往表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "轻型麻疹", "B": "重型麻疹", "C": "异型麻疹", "D": "无皮疹型麻疹"}, "answer": "重型麻疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "6岁,女,外伤致肱骨髁上伸直型骨折,经手法复位,石膏外固定,5小时后出现手麻,主动活动障碍,手发凉,此时应采取的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即拆除石膏,改用骨牵引治疗", "B": "应用血管扩张剂", "C": "手术探查,手术治疗", "D": "观察2天,视情况采取相应措施"}, "answer": "立即拆除石膏,改用骨牵引治疗", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.足月儿的外观特点之一是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤发亮,水肿毳毛多", "B": "皮肤色红润,皮下脂肪丰满,毳毛少", "C": "呼吸常不规则,甚至呼吸暂停", "D": "足月新生儿生后3~5天出现乳腺肿大"}, "answer": "皮肤色红润,皮下脂肪丰满,毳毛少", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.妇女泌尿等梗阻常见原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结石、损伤、肿瘤或结核", "B": "盆腔内疾病", "C": "前列腺增生症", "D": "包皮过长"}, "answer": "盆腔内疾病", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于过敏性紫癜的治疗哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "腹痛可用阿托品", "B": "肾上腺皮质激素可改善腹痛", "C": "肾上腺皮质激素对肾型有较好疗效", "D": "维生素C可降低毛细血管脆性"}, "answer": "肾上腺皮质激素对肾型有较好疗效", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在没有心力衰竭的条件下,对手术耐受力最差的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "非发绀型先天性心脏病", "B": "风湿性心脏病", "C": "高血压性心脏病", "D": "急性心肌病"}, "answer": "急性心肌病", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列有关婴儿保健描述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医疗保健机构应当为母乳喂养提供必要条件", "B": "医疗保健机构应当对新生儿进行登记,注册,对婴幼儿进行定期健康检查和预防接种", "C": "医疗保健人员应当提供有关母乳喂养、合理膳食、健康心理行为等科学育儿知识", "D": "医疗保健机构不必开展新生儿苯丙酮尿症的筛查"}, "answer": "医疗保健机构不必开展新生儿苯丙酮尿症的筛查", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.肝淤血(  )。", "options": {"A": "槟榔肝", "B": "脂肪肝", "C": "黄色肝萎缩", "D": "肝脏结节状变化"}, "answer": "槟榔肝", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.受下丘脑GHRH与GHRIH的双重调控的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生长激素", "B": "甲状腺素", "C": "甲状旁腺激素", "D": "糖皮质激素"}, "answer": "生长激素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,25岁,妊娠15周,昨夜发热,今朝颜面部及周身出现皮疹,查体皮疹为粟粒大红色丘疹,两侧耳后可触及数个淋巴结,风疹病毒抗体效价8倍。最合适的处置方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "给予抗生素进行治疗", "B": "给予干扰素进行治疗", "C": "立即采取中止妊娠措施", "D": "2周后再检查抗体效价"}, "answer": "2周后再检查抗体效价", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "红细胞外来因素所致溶血是(  )。", "options": {"A": "遗传性球形细胞增多症", "B": "丙酮酸激酶缺乏", "C": "阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿", "D": "温抗体型自身免疫性溶血性贫血"}, "answer": "温抗体型自身免疫性溶血性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,30岁,背部肿块,红、肿、疼痛3天,寒战,发热39℃。查体:背部肿起约3cm×5cm,触之有波动感,给以局部引流和全身应用抗生素后,仍有寒战、高热,下一步应该(  )。", "options": {"A": "局部理疗", "B": "局部再次清创扩大引流", "C": "寻找有无其他感染病灶", "D": "加用肾上腺皮质激素"}, "answer": "寻找有无其他感染病灶", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "采取非手术方法治疗急性消化性溃疡穿孔,错误的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃肠减压", "B": "静脉应用抗生素", "C": "静脉输液,营养支持", "D": "静脉应用糖皮质激素"}, "answer": "静脉应用糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "类白病反应不同于慢性粒细胞白血病的主要化验是(  )。", "options": {"A": "白细胞数目增多", "B": "外周血出现幼稚细胞", "C": "NAP活性增高", "D": "白细胞胞浆中有中毒颗粒和空泡"}, "answer": "NAP活性增高", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "现代医生的道德责任强调(  )。", "options": {"A": "对患者负责任", "B": "对集体和社会负责任", "C": "对患者和社会负责任", "D": "对社会负责任"}, "answer": "对患者和社会负责任", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于甲亢病人术前碘准备,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "停服碘剂后,甲状腺素大量释放", "B": "抑制甲状腺素的合成", "C": "抑制蛋白水解酶,减少甲状腺球蛋白分解", "D": "碘剂能减少甲状腺的血流量"}, "answer": "抑制甲状腺素的合成", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在组织中的主要APC是(  )。", "options": {"A": "树突状细胞", "B": "B细胞", "C": "并指状细胞", "D": "Mφ"}, "answer": "Mφ", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "溃疡病急性穿孔最突出的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有溃疡病史", "B": "上腹部剧烈绞痛", "C": "恶心、呕吐并休克", "D": "腹膜炎体征,肠鸣音明显减弱或消失"}, "answer": "腹膜炎体征,肠鸣音明显减弱或消失", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "能与类风湿因子特异性结合的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "自身变性的IgG", "B": "自身变性的IgM", "C": "自身变性的IgE", "D": "自身变性的IgD"}, "answer": "自身变性的IgG", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一日龄7天新生儿,因拒奶2天,惊厥2次来院。体检:反应差,全身中度黄染,心肺检查正常,肝肋下3cm,脐部少量脓性分泌物,前囟饱满。WBC 21×109/L,中性粒细胞0.80,淋巴0.20,血钙2.45mmol/L(9mg/dl),血糖3mmol/L(54mg/dl),主要诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿低钙血症", "B": "新生儿低血糖症", "C": "新生儿脐炎", "D": "新生儿败血症并化脓性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "新生儿败血症并化脓性脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "新生儿出生时,身体红,四肢青紫,心率90次/分,呼吸20次/分,呼吸不规则,四肢能活动,弹足底有皱眉。1.Apgar评分为(  )。", "options": {"A": "3分", "B": "4分", "C": "5分", "D": "6分"}, "answer": "6分", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不属于细菌性肝脓肿临床特征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全身中毒症状明显", "B": "脓肿较小,常多发", "C": "穿刺脓液为咖啡色", "D": "细菌培养可阳性"}, "answer": "穿刺脓液为咖啡色", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "骨关节结核下列情况不适于手术治疗的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "经久不愈的窦道", "B": "脊柱结核合并截瘫", "C": "全身中毒症状严重,衰弱,重度贫血", "D": "单纯结核将发展成全关节结核者"}, "answer": "全身中毒症状严重,衰弱,重度贫血", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.上叙哪项是次黄嘌呤类似物?(  )", "options": {"A": "8-氮杂鸟嘌呤", "B": "甲氨蝶呤", "C": "5-氟尿嘧啶", "D": "别嘌呤醇"}, "answer": "别嘌呤醇", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "40岁男性,腰痛伴右下肢放射痛2个月,反复发作,与劳累有关,咳嗽,用力排便时可加重疼痛。查体右直腿抬高试验40°阳性,加强试验阳性,X线片示:腰4~5椎间隙变窄。4.对诊断有定位定性意义的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线片", "B": "CT", "C": "肌电图", "D": "化验检查"}, "answer": "CT", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "腰椎间盘突出症体征错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰椎侧突具有辅助诊断价值", "B": "大多数患者在病变间隙的棘突间有压痛", "C": "大多数患者有肌力下降", "D": "直腿抬高试验及加强试验多为阴性"}, "answer": "直腿抬高试验及加强试验多为阴性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,4岁,智能运动发育落后,两眼内侧距离宽,鼻梁低平,双眼外侧上斜,经常伸舌,通贯手。2.为确定诊断需做下列哪一项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "血清TSH、T3、T4测定", "B": "染色体核型分析", "C": "骨龄测定", "D": "尿蝶呤分析"}, "answer": "染色体核型分析", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,21岁,高热1周,抗生素治疗无效,胸骨压痛阳性,浅表淋巴结及肝脾不大,白细胞3.0×109/L,血红蛋白20g/L,血小板5×109/L,骨髓原始细胞增多,以胞浆内有粗大颗粒的幼稚细胞占多数,亦见Auer小体。3.该患最易见的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中枢神经系统白血病", "B": "肿瘤溶解综合征", "C": "尿酸性肾病", "D": "弥散性血管内凝血"}, "answer": "弥散性血管内凝血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "骨骼肌兴奋-收缩偶联过程的必要步骤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "电兴奋通过纵管传向肌细胞深部", "B": "纵管终末池对Ca2+的通透性增加", "C": "终末池中的Ca2+逆浓度差进入肌浆", "D": "ACh是兴奋-收缩偶联的关键"}, "answer": "终末池中的Ca2+逆浓度差进入肌浆", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在上运动神经元和感觉完好情况下,右上腹壁反射消失提示的病变为(  )。", "options": {"A": "右侧胸髓3~4节段病损", "B": "右侧胸髓5~6节段病损", "C": "右侧胸髓7~8节段病损", "D": "右侧胸髓11~12节段病损"}, "answer": "右侧胸髓7~8节段病损", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,48岁,G2P1,渐进性痛经6年,经量增多3年。查体:子宫如妊娠12周大小,质硬,活动受限,药物治疗后症状无缓解。最佳手术治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "双附件切除术", "B": "子宫切除术", "C": "改良广泛性子宫切除术", "D": "广泛性子宫切除术"}, "answer": "子宫切除术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.颅压高三主征(  )。", "options": {"A": "头痛,呕吐,视乳头水肿", "B": "呼吸骤停", "C": "昏迷,患侧瞳孔散大,对侧肢体偏瘫", "D": "烦躁,高热,去脑强直发作"}, "answer": "头痛,呕吐,视乳头水肿", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,41岁,因发热2周于8月20日入院,伴腹痛、腹泻,稀便每日5~6次,有皮疹。体检:体温39℃,四肢及躯干皮肤可见荨麻疹,浅表淋巴结轻度肿大,肝肋下3cm,质软,轻触痛。发病前1个月曾去安徽出差。初步诊断为急性血吸虫病。1.该病确诊有赖于(  )。", "options": {"A": "血常规检查", "B": "粪便或活组织中检出血吸虫虫卵", "C": "血清环卵沉淀试验阳性", "D": "纤维肠镜检查"}, "answer": "粪便或活组织中检出血吸虫虫卵", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女婴,孕38周产,出生体重2.3kg,体温不升,不吃不哭,巩膜黄染,肝脾大。患儿属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "早产儿、新生儿败血症", "B": "足月正常体重儿、新生儿败血症", "C": "早产正常体重儿、新生儿败血症", "D": "足月儿、新生儿败血症"}, "answer": "足月儿、新生儿败血症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "免疫抑制疗法可用来治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "超敏反应", "B": "自身免疫性疾病", "C": "炎症", "D": "以上都可以"}, "answer": "以上都可以", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不属于肉芽肿性炎的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤寒", "B": "淋病", "C": "血吸虫病", "D": "结核病"}, "answer": "淋病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "病理性焦虑和恐惧症状的主要区别在于有无(  )。", "options": {"A": "运动不安", "B": "惊恐发作", "C": "自主神经功能紊乱", "D": "明确的指向对象"}, "answer": "明确的指向对象", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1岁男孩,高热6天,持续38.5~40.7℃,伴咳嗽、气促。查体:精神不振,面色苍白,呼吸急促,皮肤可见猩红热样皮疹,双肺闻及细湿啰音。X线胸片可见多发性肺脓肿。该病例最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺病毒肺炎", "B": "呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "D": "支原体肺炎"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "经产妇,26岁。妊娠37周,晨起发现阴道流血,无明显腹痛,检查有宫缩。查体:子宫大小大于孕周数,胎心存在。2.对确诊有价值的检查结果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "贫血程度与阴道流血量不相符", "B": "贫血程度与阴道流血量相符", "C": "伴休克", "D": "宫颈管消失"}, "answer": "贫血程度与阴道流血量不相符", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,23岁,某大宾馆客房服务员,因发热、咳嗽、气短而入院。已用青霉素、红霉素、卡那霉素、环丙沙星等治疗20天。患者症状更重,出现缺氧发绀。查:T38.9℃,肺部偶闻湿性啰音,胸片显示间质性肺炎表现,血WBC 4.2×109/L,曾多次进行血、痰培养均无致病菌生长。患者入院时颈、腋、腹股沟即有直径1cm左右的淋巴结,光滑无压痛,住院后略有增大。2.进一步检查应做(  )。", "options": {"A": "痰涂片找结核菌", "B": "查血清抗HIV抗体", "C": "插管吸痰做细菌培养并做药敏试验", "D": "做“O”型红细胞冷凝试验"}, "answer": "查血清抗HIV抗体", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.铜绿假单胞菌感染的脓液特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脓液稀薄,淡黄,量较多", "B": "脓液淡绿,有甜腥臭", "C": "脓液有特殊恶臭", "D": "脓液稠厚有粪臭"}, "answer": "脓液淡绿,有甜腥臭", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "易化扩散的饱和现象是因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "转运系统的转运能力达到最大限度", "B": "转运蛋白的特异性", "C": "膜的通透性降低", "D": "竞争性抑制"}, "answer": "转运系统的转运能力达到最大限度", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "震颤麻痹的病损部位为(  )。", "options": {"A": "黑质细胞", "B": "纹状体", "C": "小脑", "D": "脑干"}, "answer": "黑质细胞", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "结肠癌患者中血清CEA水平高于正常的约占(  )。", "options": {"A": "30%", "B": "50%", "C": "60%", "D": "70%"}, "answer": "60%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "与受体的性质不符的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "各类激素有其特异性的受体", "B": "神经递质有其特异性受体", "C": "受体的本质是蛋白质", "D": "受体只存在于细胞膜上"}, "answer": "受体只存在于细胞膜上", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "大脑前动脉阻塞时出现小便失禁,是因为损害了(  )。", "options": {"A": "旁中央小叶", "B": "额极", "C": "扣带回", "D": "额叶底部"}, "answer": "旁中央小叶", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男孩,14岁,9月初入院。突发寒战,继以高热5天。剧烈头痛,腿痛,10天前,该病孩曾在农村池塘游过泳。查体:T39.5℃,巩膜黄染,结膜充血,肝肋下2cm,双腹股沟可触及蚕豆大轻度压痛的淋巴结。WBC 1.5×109/L,中性80%。血沉80mm/1h末,ALT 200U/L。下列治疗中不合适的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小剂量青霉素肌注", "B": "大剂量青霉素肌注", "C": "降温", "D": "卧床"}, "answer": "大剂量青霉素肌注", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某药的t1/2为3小时,每隔1个t1/2给药1次,达到稳态血药浓度的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "10小时", "B": "6小时", "C": "15小时", "D": "25小时"}, "answer": "15小时", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "股骨颈外展型骨折是指Pauwel角(  )。", "options": {"A": "小于15°", "B": "小于10°", "C": "小于25°", "D": "小于30°"}, "answer": "小于30°", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "张某在家中突然出现急性上腹疼痛并且便血,亲属急送医院救治。送至医院后,病人面色苍白、四肢发冷、脉快无力,血压下降,出现失血性休克,急需输血。3.输血完毕后,输血记录单(交叉配血报告单)的保存方法为(  )。", "options": {"A": "送回输血科", "B": "贴在病历中", "C": "交由病人家属保存", "D": "由医护人员统一保存"}, "answer": "贴在病历中", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.卵巢浆液性囊腺瘤(  )。", "options": {"A": "是最常见的卵巢良性肿瘤", "B": "有恶性程度的逆转倾向", "C": "具有男性化作用", "D": "CA125升高"}, "answer": "CA125升高", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "属于子宫破裂的临床表现,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病理性缩复环不再升高", "B": "产妇突感子宫收缩停止", "C": "产妇疼痛难忍", "D": "阴道多量鲜血流出"}, "answer": "产妇突感子宫收缩停止", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,25岁。5天前突然寒战,继之高热伴头痛,自服退热药后热退出汗,2日后再次寒战、高热,持续数小时,出汗后退热,乏力,精神差。1周前由云南到北京旅游,实验室检查:血WBC 6.5×109/L,L 0.40,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "流行性乙型脑炎", "B": "流行性感冒", "C": "败血症", "D": "疟疾"}, "answer": "疟疾", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.初产妇,24岁。宫口开全2小时10分钟尚未分娩,此时的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "第二产程延长", "B": "活跃期停滞", "C": "活跃期延长", "D": "潜伏期延长"}, "answer": "第二产程延长", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.参与Ⅱ型超敏反应的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "嗜酸性粒细胞", "B": "中性粒细胞", "C": "淋巴细胞", "D": "树突状细胞"}, "answer": "中性粒细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不符合干性坏疽的描述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "常伴有全身中毒症状", "B": "坏死组织呈污秽黑褐色", "C": "坏死组织与健康组织之间界限清楚", "D": "坏死部位动脉受阻,而静脉回流通畅"}, "answer": "常伴有全身中毒症状", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,30岁。进行性痛经8年,婚后5年未孕。妇科检查:子宫大小正常,后位,固定,盆底可触及多个痛性结节,右侧附件区触及直径约6cm的囊性包块,不活动,左侧附件区组织略增厚。2.首选的治疗方案为(  )。", "options": {"A": "孕激素治疗", "B": "手术治疗", "C": "抗炎治疗", "D": "抗结核治疗"}, "answer": "手术治疗", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "中心静脉导管感染时的首要处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用抗真菌药物", "B": "预防感染性休克", "C": "广谱抗生素预防细菌性心内膜炎", "D": "拔出静脉导管,导管尖端送细菌培养"}, "answer": "拔出静脉导管,导管尖端送细菌培养", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不是甲型肝炎病毒(HAV)生物学性状的一项是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒的核酸为单股正链RNA,约含7.4×103核苷酸碱基", "B": "HAV可在原代肝细胞等内增殖培养,并引起细胞病变效应", "C": "HAV在组织细胞培养时增殖一代需3周以上,且很少释放到细胞外", "D": "HAV比肠道病毒更耐热,60℃,1小时不被灭活"}, "answer": "HAV可在原代肝细胞等内增殖培养,并引起细胞病变效应", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "Lac阻遏蛋白由(  )。", "options": {"A": "Z基因编码", "B": "A基因编码", "C": "I基因编码", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "I基因编码", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于高血压病脑出血下述哪一项是不确切的?(  )", "options": {"A": "内囊处豆纹动脉与大脑中动脉呈直角分支,受血压冲击易破裂", "B": "小动脉痉挛,可引起漏出性出血", "C": "脑出血都是内囊区小动脉痉挛引起", "D": "微动脉瘤破裂"}, "answer": "脑出血都是内囊区小动脉痉挛引起", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,45岁。近一月体重急剧下降,查体可见全身多处淋巴结肿大,肛周、生殖器尖锐湿疣,口唇和胸部带状疱疹,口腔黏膜糜烂、充血、有乳酪状覆盖物。HIV病毒抗体阳性。诊断为“艾滋病”。下列治疗错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "营养干预可以改善艾滋病患者生活质量", "B": "早期患者不需要使用AZT", "C": "免疫调节药物往往由于过敏反应导致其效果短暂或难以肯定", "D": "复方新诺明可用于治疗机会感染性疾病卡氏肺囊虫肺炎"}, "answer": "早期患者不需要使用AZT", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,55岁。上腹不适。纳差3年。胃镜及胃黏膜活组织病理检查:慢性萎缩性胃炎,重度肠上皮化生。最适合的随访检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃镜", "B": "血清肿瘤标志物", "C": "腹部CT", "D": "上消化道X线钡剂造影"}, "answer": "胃镜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于磷酸戊糖途径的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是体内生成糖醛酸的途径", "B": "肌细胞中葡萄糖经此途径产生ATP", "C": "是体内CO2的主要来源", "D": "生成NADPH供合成代谢需要"}, "answer": "生成NADPH供合成代谢需要", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "完全性葡萄胎与部分性葡萄胎的差异在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "合体滋养层细胞增生", "B": "细胞滋养层细胞增生", "C": "绒毛间质内血管完全正常", "D": "前者间质内胎源性血管消失"}, "answer": "前者间质内胎源性血管消失", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某女性,36岁,因心慌、乏力、消瘦伴手抖5个月就诊。1.以下体征最有诊断意义的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体温37.5℃", "B": "双手震颤", "C": "眼裂增宽", "D": "甲状腺Ⅱ度肿大,双上极可闻及血管杂音"}, "answer": "甲状腺Ⅱ度肿大,双上极可闻及血管杂音", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.心理治疗的伦理学要求是(  )。", "options": {"A": "勇担风险,团结协作", "B": "掌握手术指征,动机纯正", "C": "以健康、稳定的情绪影响患者", "D": "减轻痛苦,加速康复"}, "answer": "以健康、稳定的情绪影响患者", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "易位型21-三体综合征最常见的核型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "46,XY、-13,+t(13q;21q)", "B": "46,XY,-21,+t(21q;21q)", "C": "46,XY,-22,+t(13q;22q)", "D": "46,XY,-14,+t(14q;21q)"}, "answer": "46,XY,-14,+t(14q;21q)", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,11岁,小学五年级学生,以往成绩优良。近1个月来上课做小动作,走路不稳,握笔困难,不能完成作业。3个月前曾患猩红热。体检:右侧面部肌肉不自主抽动,肢体无意识地舞动,肌张力稍低,Barbinski征阴性,心率110次/min,心尖区2/6级收缩期杂音。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "儿童多动症", "B": "风湿性舞蹈病", "C": "病毒性脑炎", "D": "小脑肿瘤"}, "answer": "风湿性舞蹈病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.常以单纯机械性不完全性肠梗阻为表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠蛔虫团堵塞", "B": "急性乙状结肠扭转", "C": "急性肠套叠", "D": "肠系膜上动脉栓塞"}, "answer": "肠蛔虫团堵塞", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,23岁,车祸致伤,即来院就诊,神志模糊,咯血,口鼻均有泥沙及血外溢,呼吸困难,烦躁不安,左侧严重擦伤、肿胀。查:HR102次/分,BP16.7/12kPa(125/90mmHg),四肢尚可自动活动,左大腿中下段中度肿胀、瘀斑和严重擦伤。3.最合适的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "输血、吸氧、留观", "B": "多科会诊处理", "C": "左下肢包扎固定", "D": "紧急必要检查处理后收住院治疗"}, "answer": "紧急必要检查处理后收住院治疗", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "当风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄程度加重时(  )。", "options": {"A": "心尖部舒张期滚筒样杂音增强,肺动脉第二音减低", "B": "心尖部舒张期滚筒样杂音减低,肺动脉第二音增强", "C": "心尖部舒张期滚筒样杂音增强,肺动脉第=音增强", "D": "心尖部收缩期吹风样杂音和舒张期滚筒样杂音增强"}, "answer": "心尖部舒张期滚筒样杂音增强,肺动脉第=音增强", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在补体经典途径激活过程中,下列哪种补体组分不被裂解?(  )", "options": {"A": "C1", "B": "C2", "C": "C3", "D": "C5"}, "answer": "C1", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一个供精者的精子最多只能提供给(  )。", "options": {"A": "8名妇女受孕", "B": "7名妇女受孕", "C": "5名妇女受孕", "D": "4名妇女受孕"}, "answer": "5名妇女受孕", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,60岁,身高170cm,体重65kg,每日基础能量消耗约是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1000kcal", "B": "1400kcal", "C": "1600kcal", "D": "1800kcal"}, "answer": "1600kcal", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.主要通过细胞因子发挥作用的细胞(  )。", "options": {"A": "Thl", "B": "Tc", "C": "Mφ", "D": "LAK"}, "answer": "Thl", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "改善急性左心衰竭症状最有效的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂", "B": "钙通道阻滞剂", "C": "强心药", "D": "利尿剂"}, "answer": "利尿剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,35岁。因尿频、尿急、尿痛2天就诊。体检:体温38.5℃。右肾区叩痛明显,尿常规:蛋白(++),白细胞满视野,红细胞10~15个/HP。3.此时所给抗菌药物治疗方案应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "3天疗法", "B": "2周治疗", "C": "系统联合用药", "D": "低剂量抑菌疗法"}, "answer": "2周治疗", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是正常人消化道内铁吸收效率最高的部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "十二指肠及空肠上部", "B": "胃", "C": "回肠", "D": "回盲部"}, "answer": "十二指肠及空肠上部", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.严重甲状腺功能亢进患者的动脉血压变化特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "收缩压与舒张压均升高", "B": "主要为舒张压升高", "C": "收缩压降低,舒张压升高", "D": "收缩压升高,舒张压降低"}, "answer": "收缩压升高,舒张压降低", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "病因不明的急性腹膜炎行剖腹探查时,手术切口一般多选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "左旁正中", "B": "左肋缘下", "C": "正中", "D": "右旁正中"}, "answer": "右旁正中", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.正常小儿乳牙出齐最晚的年龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "10个月", "B": "1岁8个月", "C": "2岁半", "D": "3岁"}, "answer": "2岁半", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩,6岁,患先天愚型,消瘦、乏力、气短、多汗,近年来发生青紫。查体:营养发育差,于胸骨右缘3、4肋间闻及粗糙的全收缩期杂音,可触及震颤,肺动脉第二音亢进,X线片提示以右室大为主。此病例可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "高位室间隔缺损", "C": "艾森门格综合征", "D": "动脉导管未闭"}, "answer": "艾森门格综合征", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.用于控制甲状腺功能亢进症状(  )。", "options": {"A": "酚妥拉明", "B": "异丙肾上腺素", "C": "酚苄明", "D": "普萘洛尔"}, "answer": "普萘洛尔", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "普萘洛尔抗心律失常的主要作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "扩张血管,减轻心脏负荷", "B": "消除精神紧张", "C": "加快心率和传导", "D": "阻断心脏的β受体,降低自律性,减慢心率"}, "answer": "阻断心脏的β受体,降低自律性,减慢心率", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.决定Ig独特型的部位(  )。", "options": {"A": "VL+VH", "B": "铰链区", "C": "CH", "D": "CL"}, "answer": "VL+VH", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心境是(  )。", "options": {"A": "负性情绪", "B": "一种情感", "C": "抑郁情绪", "D": "一种情绪状态"}, "answer": "一种情绪状态", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "符合RNA分子中“帽子”的叙述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "用于校正原核细胞mRNA翻译中的不正确", "B": "可使tRNA进行加工过程", "C": "是由多聚A组成", "D": "存在于真核细胞的mRNA5'端"}, "answer": "存在于真核细胞的mRNA5'端", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "脊柱受暴力作用时,最易损伤的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "下颈椎", "B": "胸椎", "C": "胸腰段", "D": "下腰椎"}, "answer": "胸腰段", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有关酶竞争性抑制剂特点的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制剂与底物竞争酶分子中的底物结合部位", "B": "当抑制剂存在时,Km值变大", "C": "抑制剂恒定时,增加底物浓度,能达到最大反应速度", "D": "抑制剂与酶分子共价结合"}, "answer": "抑制剂与酶分子共价结合", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.医师判断患者为非正常死亡但未按照规定报告,应给予的行政处罚是(  )。", "options": {"A": "责令改正", "B": "通报批评", "C": "吊销执业证书", "D": "暂停执业活动"}, "answer": "暂停执业活动", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.一个昏迷病人被送到医院,医生对他进行处理,这种医患关系属(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动-被动型", "B": "指导-合作型", "C": "共同参与型", "D": "指导-参与型"}, "answer": "主动-被动型", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "脑的重量与年龄的关系,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "出生时脑重370g,占体重10%~12%", "B": "2岁时脑重1000g", "C": "成人脑重1500g,占体重的1/40", "D": "4岁时脑重达到成人水平"}, "answer": "4岁时脑重达到成人水平", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,20岁,大学生。不食、不语伴行为异常6个月。曾在当地医院就诊,此次入院检查:神志清,仰卧,头颈悬空不动,无自发言语,拒绝服从医生的简单指令,眼球活动自如。有时候突然拍门或抢病友的东西。体格检查未见异常。能够最快缓解其症状的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "改良电抽搐治疗", "B": "口服利培酮", "C": "肌内注射氟哌啶醇", "D": "静脉滴注氯丙嗪"}, "answer": "肌内注射氟哌啶醇", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.佝偻病患儿3~6个月时出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅骨软化", "B": "出牙延迟", "C": "前囟增大", "D": "胸廓畸形"}, "answer": "颅骨软化", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,28岁。右中指末节红肿8天,疼痛剧烈,掌侧肿胀明显,予切开引流。患指应采用的正确切开方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "关节皱折处切开", "B": "甲根处切开", "C": "背侧切开", "D": "侧面纵行切开"}, "answer": "侧面纵行切开", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "麻醉中的手术病人输入几十毫升血后即出现手术区渗血和低血压,应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "变态反应", "B": "出血倾向", "C": "过敏反应", "D": "溶血反应"}, "answer": "溶血反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,42岁。普查发现距肛门缘上8cm处直肠肿块,溃疡型,锁骨淋巴结末及,腹部平软,未及肿块。B超检查未见肝脏肿块。2.该患者行Dixon手术的术前准备,下列哪项除外?(  )", "options": {"A": "以机械方法清洁肠道", "B": "术前24小时禁食,6小时禁饮", "C": "术前正确估计肿瘤的浸润深度,决定是否行术前放射治疗", "D": "术前旷置肛管"}, "answer": "术前旷置肛管", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性肾衰竭失代偿期是指GFR(肾小球过滤率)的范围是(  )。", "options": {"A": "25~50ml/分", "B": "50~60ml/分", "C": "60~70ml/分", "D": "70~80ml/分"}, "answer": "25~50ml/分", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "常并发肺脓肿、肺大泡", "B": "肺部体征出现晚", "C": "肺部体征常不明显", "D": "常有梗阻性肺气肿、支气管周围炎"}, "answer": "常并发肺脓肿、肺大泡", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "9.不协调性精神运动性兴奋(  )。", "options": {"A": "是急性精神分裂症的常见症状", "B": "是慢性精神分裂症的常见症状", "C": "是躁狂症的常见症状", "D": "是神经衰弱的常见症状"}, "answer": "是急性精神分裂症的常见症状", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,70岁。高血压病30年,夜间阵发性呼吸困难10年,间断双下肢水肿、少尿5年。近1月上述症状加重,伴厌食和腹胀。查体:BP 180/100mmHg,端坐位,心界向两侧扩大。心率110次/分,心律绝对不齐。双下肺可闻及中小水泡音。肝肋下4cm,质软,有压痛,移动性浊音阳性。肝颈静脉回流征阳性。双下肢可有凹性水肿。该患者最恰当的心功能评价为(  )。", "options": {"A": "全心衰竭", "B": "右心衰竭,失代偿", "C": "心功能Ⅲ级(NYHA分级)", "D": "心功能Ⅳ级(NYHA分级)"}, "answer": "全心衰竭", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男孩,3岁,剧烈活动后气促,青紫不明显。自幼反复呼吸道感染。查体:BP 90/40mmHg,胸骨左缘第二肋间可闻及粗糙响亮的连续机器样杂音。第4肋间可闻及4/6级粗糙的全收缩期杂音伴震颤,P2亢进,闻及股动脉枪击音。胸部X线片示左心房及左右心室增大,肺动脉段膨隆。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "室间隔缺损", "B": "室间隔缺损+动脉导管未闭", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "动脉导管未闭"}, "answer": "室间隔缺损+动脉导管未闭", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胎方位是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎儿纵轴与母体纵轴的关系", "B": "胎儿顶骨与母体骨盆的关系", "C": "胎儿先露部的指示点与母体骨盆的关系", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "胎儿先露部的指示点与母体骨盆的关系", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "DNA和RNA中核苷酸之间的连接方式都是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2',3'-磷酸二酯键", "B": "3',5'-磷酸二酯键", "C": "2',5'-磷酸二酯键", "D": "糖苷键"}, "answer": "3',5'-磷酸二酯键", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某患者,男性,36岁,10天前抬重物扭伤腰部,腰痛伴右下肢后外侧放射痛,无大小便功能障碍。经检查诊断为腰椎间盘突出症,下列的治疗措施目前不宜采用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨盆牵引", "B": "理疗和按摩", "C": "皮质类固醇硬膜外注射", "D": "立即手术治疗,行髓核摘除术"}, "answer": "立即手术治疗,行髓核摘除术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,20岁,平素健康,淋雨后突发寒战、高热、头痛,第2天出现右侧胸痛、咳嗽、咳痰,X线胸片示右上肺大片实变影。2.最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸膜增厚", "B": "肺脓肿", "C": "肺结核", "D": "大叶性肺炎"}, "answer": "大叶性肺炎", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,41岁,因发热2周于8月20日入院,伴腹痛、腹泻,稀便每日5~6次,有皮疹。体检:体温39℃,四肢及躯干皮肤可见荨麻疹,浅表淋巴结轻度肿大,肝肋下3cm,质软,轻触痛。发病前1个月曾去安徽出差。初步诊断为急性血吸虫病。2.急性血吸虫病患者血常规检查的主要特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "白细胞总数升高", "B": "嗜酸性粒细胞显著增多", "C": "中性粒细胞显著增多", "D": "贫血"}, "answer": "嗜酸性粒细胞显著增多", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项不是经输血传播的病毒?(  )", "options": {"A": "人免疫缺陷病毒", "B": "乙型肝炎病毒", "C": "乙型脑炎病毒", "D": "巨细胞病毒"}, "answer": "乙型脑炎病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心理健康是指一个人能够具有(  )。", "options": {"A": "正常的心理状态", "B": "积极的心理活动", "C": "完好的人际关系", "D": "良好的环境适应功能"}, "answer": "良好的环境适应功能", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "体内转运一碳单位的载体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素B6", "B": "维生素B12", "C": "叶酸", "D": "四氢叶酸"}, "answer": "四氢叶酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "哪项是脑出血最常见的出血血管?(  )", "options": {"A": "基底动脉的旁正中动脉", "B": "大脑中动脉的豆纹动脉", "C": "脉络膜前动脉", "D": "小脑的齿状核动脉"}, "answer": "大脑中动脉的豆纹动脉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项不属于临终关怀的医德要求?(  )", "options": {"A": "发扬人道主义", "B": "减轻痛苦,治疗疾病", "C": "尊重临终关怀,爱护临终病人", "D": "科学教育,理性疏解"}, "answer": "减轻痛苦,治疗疾病", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,5个月,母乳喂养,腹泻2个月,大便5~6次/天。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "迁徙性腹泻", "B": "饮食性腹泻", "C": "生理性腹泻", "D": "感染性腹泻"}, "answer": "生理性腹泻", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.因受刑事处罚未注册的,自刑罚执行完毕之日起满2年的(  )。", "options": {"A": "只准从事医疗业务", "B": "只准从事预防业务", "C": "可以从事相应的医疗、预防、保健业务", "D": "可以重新申请医师执业注册"}, "answer": "可以重新申请医师执业注册", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,67岁,有冠心病史,服双香豆素预防血栓形成,近日因上呼吸道感染服用某种抗感染药,5天后皮下有多处出血点,这种抗感染药可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "TMP", "B": "依诺沙星", "C": "麦迪霉素", "D": "氨苄西林"}, "answer": "依诺沙星", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.伤处组织坏死形成溃疡的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硫酸烧伤", "B": "氢氟酸烧伤", "C": "石炭酸烧伤", "D": "生石灰烧伤"}, "answer": "氢氟酸烧伤", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "面对应激源,个体通过各种适当的行为和心理对策来消除紧张状态,叫做(  )。", "options": {"A": "超脱", "B": "应对", "C": "压抑", "D": "解脱"}, "answer": "应对", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.易并发差异性青紫的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "室间隔缺损", "B": "动脉导管未闭", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "卵圆孔未闭"}, "answer": "动脉导管未闭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "确定乳房肿块性质最可靠的方法为(  )。", "options": {"A": "溢液涂片", "B": "乳房X线检查", "C": "活组织切片检查", "D": "B超断层仪检查"}, "answer": "活组织切片检查", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "闭经5周,子宫稍大,软,附件可触及包块,妊娠试验阳性,宫腔吸出物约5g,下沉于水中,当晚突然下腹撕裂样痛,肛门坠胀感,血压下降,诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫穿孔", "B": "血液流入腹腔", "C": "子宫颈管裂伤", "D": "输卵管妊娠破裂"}, "answer": "输卵管妊娠破裂", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不符合医学心理学的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是医学的分支学科", "B": "是一门交叉学科", "C": "以人作为主要研究和服务对象", "D": "研究医学领域中的心理学问题"}, "answer": "是医学的分支学科", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "为尽量发现病人,在制订筛选方法标准过程中,常采用(  )。", "options": {"A": "降低假阳性率", "B": "提高方法的特异度", "C": "提高方法的灵敏度", "D": "使假阴性率与假阳性率相等"}, "answer": "提高方法的灵敏度", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在致甲亢的各种病因中,哪一种为最多见?(  )", "options": {"A": "Graves病", "B": "自主性高功能甲状腺结节", "C": "多结节性甲状腺肿伴甲亢", "D": "亚急性甲状腺炎伴甲亢"}, "answer": "Graves病", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列有关胆汁酸的叙述中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "为脂肪消化吸收所必需", "B": "胆汁中只含有胆酸和鹅脱氧胆酸", "C": "是乳化剂", "D": "能进行肠肝循环"}, "answer": "胆汁中只含有胆酸和鹅脱氧胆酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "酶的催化高效性是因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "能启动热力学不能发生的反应", "B": "能降低反应的活化能", "C": "能升高反应的活化能", "D": "可改变反应的平衡点"}, "answer": "能降低反应的活化能", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.最容易发生在冬季出生、6个月内小儿无热惊厥,多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "低血糖", "B": "低血镁", "C": "维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症", "D": "高热惊厥"}, "answer": "维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "骨折临床愈合后,骨痂的改造塑形决定于(  )。", "options": {"A": "外固定的牢固性", "B": "肢体活动和负重所形成的应力", "C": "局部血液供应情况", "D": "是否配合治疗"}, "answer": "肢体活动和负重所形成的应力", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有关免疫球蛋白和抗体的说法,哪种是正确的(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫球蛋白就是抗体,二者具有相同的含义", "B": "免疫球蛋白均为抗体,抗体不一定都是免疫球蛋白", "C": "免疫球蛋白与抗体不同,二者也不相关", "D": "抗体均为免疫球蛋白,而免疫球蛋白并不一定都是抗体"}, "answer": "抗体均为免疫球蛋白,而免疫球蛋白并不一定都是抗体", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.组胺的前体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "谷氨酸", "B": "组氨酸", "C": "色氨酸", "D": "苏氨酸"}, "answer": "组氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "支气管哮喘中起主要作用的Ig是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgM", "B": "IgG", "C": "IgE", "D": "IgD"}, "answer": "IgE", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列机制所致的低氧血症中,通过氧疗最难纠正的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "通气/血流比例失衡", "B": "肺内分流", "C": "肺泡通气量下降", "D": "弥散功能障碍"}, "answer": "肺内分流", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于磷酸戊糖途径的生理意义的叙述,正确的是生成(  )。", "options": {"A": "6-磷酸果糖和NADPH+H+", "B": "5-磷酸核糖和NADH+H+", "C": "5-磷酸核糖和NADPH+H+", "D": "6-磷酸葡萄糖酸NADH+H+"}, "answer": "5-磷酸核糖和NADPH+H+", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,42岁,2个月来左颈部淋巴结进行性肿大、无痛,周期性发热,消瘦。近1周上胸部水肿,颈粗,淋巴结活检有里-斯细胞,胸片示纵隔有肿块。治疗显效最快的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "放射治疗", "B": "MOPP", "C": "肾上腺皮质激素+长春新碱", "D": "苯丁酸氮芥"}, "answer": "MOPP", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.6岁小儿中点位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "身长的中点在脐上", "B": "身长的中点在脐下", "C": "身长的中点在脐与耻骨联合上缘之间", "D": "身长的中点在耻骨联合下缘"}, "answer": "身长的中点在脐与耻骨联合上缘之间", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "引起血管内溶血的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脾功能亢进", "B": "遗传性球形红细胞增多症", "C": "异常血红蛋白病", "D": "阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿"}, "answer": "阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "新生儿溶血病中ABO血型不合的溶血症最确切的诊断依据为(  )。", "options": {"A": "贫血肝脾肿大,网织红细胞增高", "B": "母亲的血型为O型,小儿血型为A型", "C": "新生儿血清胆红素增高同时,血色素明显下降", "D": "血型抗体(游离、释放试验)阳性"}, "answer": "血型抗体(游离、释放试验)阳性", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有一名外伤性颅内血肿病人,右侧瞳孔散大,紧急处置首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "尽快钻孔探查血肿", "B": "快速静脉点滴甘露醇", "C": "气管切开防止脑乏氧", "D": "脑室穿刺放脑脊液"}, "answer": "快速静脉点滴甘露醇", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.在三羧酸环中是催化不可逆反应、但不是调节点的酶为(  )。", "options": {"A": "柠檬酸合成酶、琥珀酸脱氢酶", "B": "柠檬酸合成酶", "C": "琥珀酸合成酶", "D": "苹果酸脱氢酶"}, "answer": "柠檬酸合成酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有关糖尿病视网膜病变以下哪项正确(  )。", "options": {"A": "各型糖尿病都在发病10年后才发生", "B": "视网膜出血渗出为增殖期病变", "C": "视网膜出现新生血管应开始胰岛素治疗", "D": "棉絮状渗出是增殖期病变"}, "answer": "视网膜出现新生血管应开始胰岛素治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,25岁,因食不洁食物后出现剧烈呕吐和腹泻,同时伴有头晕、四肢湿冷,血压90/70mmHg,脉搏100次/分。最主要的处置是(  )。", "options": {"A": "补液", "B": "利尿", "C": "升压剂", "D": "抗生素"}, "answer": "补液", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "10岁小孩,右肘关节外伤。外院X线片示:肱骨髁上骨折。在外院两次手法复位失败,伤后35h入院.体检:右肘关节半屈位.肿胀较严重,压痛明显,手指活动障碍。桡动脉搏动减弱.手指发凉。感觉麻木,诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肱骨髁上骨折合并广泛软组织损伤", "B": "肱骨髁上骨折合并主要静脉损伤", "C": "肱骨髁上骨折合并肱动脉损伤", "D": "肱骨髁上骨折合并正中、尺、桡神经损伤"}, "answer": "肱骨髁上骨折合并正中、尺、桡神经损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "32岁女性,公务员。自诉近半年来可能由于工作太忙,加之一些家庭矛盾而逐渐出现失眠,以入睡困难为主,自觉工作能力不如以前。近3个月以来,常莫名其妙的感到紧张,担心,担心小孩会出事,担心自己会得病,担心会发生不好的事情,因而时刻提心吊胆。近半月以来症状更加明显,几乎通宵不能入睡,坐立不安,心慌心悸,情绪术稳。曾有2次听到有人叫她的名字而没有看到人的情况出现,觉得单位同事在议论她有精神病。既往有哮喘病史,余无特殊。体查发现双侧甲状腺轻度肿大,有双上肢细微震颤。未发现精神病性症状。心电图提示窦性心动过速。2.要确诊病人疾病的性质,最重要的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑电图", "B": "脑CT或脑MRI", "C": "做MMPI、PANSS等量表检查", "D": "做甲状腺功能试验"}, "answer": "做甲状腺功能试验", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,25岁。发热、乏力2周。查体:T 38.1℃,贫血貌,牙龈肿胀,胸骨下段压痛(+),脾肋下2cm。血常规:Hb 71g/L,WBC 31.4×10/L,骨髓细胞学检查见原始细胞占0.68,少数细胞胞浆中可见Auer小体,MPO染色为弱阳性。最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性单核细胞白血病", "B": "急性红白血病", "C": "急性淋巴细胞白血病", "D": "急性巨核细胞白血病"}, "answer": "急性单核细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "观察小儿结核菌素试验结果的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "48~72小时", "B": "24~47小时", "C": "12~23小时", "D": "1~11小时"}, "answer": "48~72小时", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.成年后生长激素分泌过多,会导致(  )。", "options": {"A": "巨人症", "B": "侏儒症", "C": "黏液性水肿", "D": "肢端肥大症"}, "answer": "肢端肥大症", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病最早出现的骨骼改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肋骨串珠", "B": "肋膈沟", "C": "鸡胸或漏斗胸", "D": "颅骨软化"}, "answer": "颅骨软化", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,65岁。有饮酒史25年,每天饮半斤白酒。3年来间断上腹隐痛,腹胀乏力,大便不成形,双下肢水肿,B超示:肝脏回声不均匀增强,脾大,少量腹水。3.患者呕血500mL后出现昏迷,最可能的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低钠血症", "B": "脑血栓", "C": "肝性脑病", "D": "高钠血症"}, "answer": "肝性脑病", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿体重8kg,临床表现重度酸中毒,CO2CP8mmol/L,为使CO2CP提高到13mmol/L,需补1.4%碳酸氢钠液(  )。", "options": {"A": "75ml", "B": "140ml", "C": "200ml", "D": "250m1"}, "answer": "140ml", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.缺铁性贫血神经系统表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "智力及动作发育落后有倒退现象", "B": "兴奋,多动", "C": "注意力不集中,记忆力减退", "D": "感觉异常"}, "answer": "注意力不集中,记忆力减退", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "乳腺癌的起源部位主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "导管上皮", "B": "纤维囊性乳腺病", "C": "腺泡上皮", "D": "纤维腺瘤"}, "answer": "导管上皮", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.所有生物使用同一套密码子表(极少例外),这称为密码子的(  )。", "options": {"A": "方向性", "B": "通用性", "C": "特异性", "D": "连续性"}, "answer": "通用性", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述组合正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "自身衰老的细胞、抗体、免疫监视", "B": "葡萄球菌感染、中性粒细胞、免疫防御", "C": "病毒感染、抗体、免疫自稳稳", "D": "结核杆菌感染、中性粒细胞、免疫监视"}, "answer": "葡萄球菌感染、中性粒细胞、免疫防御", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪个年龄段小儿发病率、死亡率最高?(  )", "options": {"A": "新生儿期", "B": "胎儿期", "C": "婴儿期", "D": "学龄期"}, "answer": "新生儿期", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某地相继发生多例以急性发病、高热、头痛等症状为主要临床表现的病因不明的疾病,被确定为突发公共卫生事件。当地乡卫生院以床位紧张为由拒绝收治此类患者,被患者家属投诉。县卫生局经调查核实后,决定给予乡卫生院行政处罚。该处罚是(  )。", "options": {"A": "诫勉谈话", "B": "责令改正", "C": "责令检查", "D": "通报批评"}, "answer": "责令改正", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "瘢痕性幽门梗阻患者术前纠正体液代谢和酸碱失衡时,选用的液体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1.2%碳酸氢钠液", "B": "1.5%碳酸氢钠液+5%葡萄糖液", "C": "5%葡萄糖液+1/6mmol/L乳酸钠液", "D": "氯化钾+5%葡萄糖盐水"}, "answer": "氯化钾+5%葡萄糖盐水", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某男,25岁,寒战、高热、胸痛、咳嗽、咳铁锈样痰,胸透显示右上肺有片状致密阴影。诊断为大叶性肺炎,首选的治疗药物为(  )。", "options": {"A": "庆大霉素", "B": "青霉素", "C": "红霉素", "D": "头孢噻肟"}, "answer": "青霉素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "腰椎间盘突出症,感觉减退出现在外踝部及足背外侧,踝反射异常,哪根神经根受压?(  )", "options": {"A": "腰5神经根", "B": "腰4神经根", "C": "骶1神经根", "D": "骶2神经根"}, "answer": "骶1神经根", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "恶性葡萄胎与绒毛膜癌的主要区别是(  )。", "options": {"A": "浸润肌层", "B": "阴道转移结节", "C": "细胞异型性", "D": "有绒毛结构"}, "answer": "有绒毛结构", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "ARDS最早期的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "烦躁,脉速", "B": "进行性呼吸困难", "C": "患者发绀", "D": "肺部大量细湿啰音"}, "answer": "进行性呼吸困难", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.半效杀菌药,能杀死在碱性环境中生长、分裂、繁殖活跃的细胞外的结核菌(  )。", "options": {"A": "异炯肼", "B": "链霉素", "C": "吡嗪酰胺", "D": "乙胺乙醇"}, "answer": "链霉素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胸痛时深吸气时加重,呼气或屏气时变为钝痛或消失,说明病变刺激的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脏层胸膜", "B": "胸壁软组织", "C": "壁层胸膜", "D": "肋间神经"}, "answer": "壁层胸膜", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.卡马西平的副作用为(  )。", "options": {"A": "头晕、口干、行走不稳", "B": "手颤、记忆力减退、睡眠中肢体抖动", "C": "面部感觉异常、角膜炎、复视和带状疱疹", "D": "听力减退或丧失、面部感觉减退或丧失、其他脑神经麻痹"}, "answer": "头晕、口干、行走不稳", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,55岁。绝经8年,阴道淋漓流血半个月。妇科检查:右附件区扪及手拳头大肿物,阴道脱落细胞提示雌激素高度影响。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤维瘤", "B": "良性囊性畸胎瘤", "C": "浆液性囊腺瘤", "D": "卵泡膜细胞瘤"}, "answer": "卵泡膜细胞瘤", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "各段肾小管比较,重吸收量居首位的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "近曲小管", "B": "髓袢降支小管", "C": "髓袢升支小管", "D": "远曲小管"}, "answer": "近曲小管", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "细菌的生长繁殖的方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有丝分裂", "B": "二分裂", "C": "复制", "D": "出芽"}, "answer": "二分裂", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一青年工人抬重物后感觉腰痛,检查时发现骶棘肌紧张,仰卧检查直腿抬高试验阳性,在屈髋、屈膝姿势下将双膝向腹部推压时疼痛加剧,俯卧位检查时腰部肌肉压痛,正确的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊柱滑脱", "B": "急性腰扭伤", "C": "急性肌筋膜炎", "D": "腰肌劳损"}, "answer": "急性腰扭伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,56岁。乏力、食欲减退、恶心、消瘦1个月。乙型肝炎病史10年。查体:皮肤巩膜无黄染,腹软,剑突下压痛,肝肋下3cm,可触及质硬的结节,Murphy征阴性,移动性浊音阳性。2.为进一步检查明确肝脏结节的大小与位置,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "PET-CT检查", "B": "放射性核素扫描", "C": "B超检查", "D": "肝动脉造影"}, "answer": "B超检查", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.子宫颈癌主要播散的方式(  )。", "options": {"A": "直接蔓延和种植", "B": "血行转移和淋巴转移", "C": "淋巴转移和种植", "D": "直接蔓延和淋巴转移"}, "answer": "直接蔓延和淋巴转移", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "8个月男孩,持续高热,频咳,精神萎靡5天,近2天气促加重,今抽搐3次,全身性发作,嗜睡。查体:体温40.0℃,呼吸56/分,心率148/分,双肺少量中细湿啰音,左下肺可闻管状呼吸音,白细胞计数4.0×109/L,腰椎穿刺颅压稍高,脑脊液常规正常。2.惊厥的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心力衰竭", "B": "高热惊厥", "C": "败血症", "D": "中毒性脑病"}, "answer": "中毒性脑病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,35岁,从高处跳下时,双下肢顿时感到无力。1.急救运送的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一人背着运送", "B": "一人抱着运送", "C": "一人抬头,一人抬脚运送", "D": "躺在木板床上运送"}, "answer": "躺在木板床上运送", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "甲状腺癌预后最好的病理类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "未分化癌", "B": "乳头状癌", "C": "髓样癌", "D": "滤泡状癌"}, "answer": "乳头状癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,60岁。乳腺癌根治术后3天,大便后起立时突感呼吸困难,随即意识丧失,呼吸及大动脉搏动消失。立即给予心肺复苏,呼吸道吸出血性液体。最可能的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性心肌梗死", "B": "乳腺癌肺转移", "C": "肺血栓栓塞", "D": "自发性气胸"}, "answer": "肺血栓栓塞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "痛风时,沉积于关节、肾等处的成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌酸", "B": "尿酸", "C": "尿素", "D": "黄嘌呤"}, "answer": "尿酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "乙肝疫苗初次免疫接种分别应在(  )。", "options": {"A": "出生时、3个月、1岁。", "B": "出生时、1个月、6个月。", "C": "出生时、6个月、2岁。", "D": "出生时、3个月、6个月。"}, "answer": "出生时、1个月、6个月。", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.有可能引起高钾血症的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡托普利", "B": "低分子肝素", "C": "甲泼尼龙(甲基强的松龙)", "D": "呋塞米(速尿)"}, "answer": "卡托普利", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于协调性宫缩乏力,以下哪项正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "多数产妇觉持续性腹痛,且产程延长", "B": "宫缩对称性、极性正常,仅收缩力弱", "C": "容易发生胎儿窘迫", "D": "不适宜静脉滴注催产素"}, "answer": "不适宜静脉滴注催产素", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,34岁,哮喘患者。平时规律吸入激素,偶需要使用短效β受体激动剂治疗,症状控制较满意。近期过敏性鼻炎发作,喘息症状出现波动。此时为加强抗炎效果,宜首先选择的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "茶碱缓释片", "B": "白三烯受体调节剂", "C": "口服激素", "D": "H1受体拮抗剂"}, "answer": "口服激素", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,20岁。因甲状腺功能亢进症行甲状腺大部分切除术。术后第二天出现手足抽搐。1.最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺功能低下", "B": "甲状腺危象", "C": "喉头水肿导致喉梗阻", "D": "甲状旁腺功能低下"}, "answer": "甲状旁腺功能低下", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "26岁初产妇,规律宫缩6小时,诊断不协调性子宫收缩乏力,此时恰当的处理应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人工破膜", "B": "肌内注射哌替啶", "C": "静脉滴注缩宫素", "D": "针刺合谷、三阴交穴位"}, "answer": "肌内注射哌替啶", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不宜行直肠指诊的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肛裂", "B": "内痔", "C": "肛周脓肿", "D": "肛痿"}, "answer": "肛裂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "42岁男患者,半年来无诱因出现右侧肢体内发性疼痛,伴烧灼样感觉,近2个月右手持物时没有感觉。2.针刺后并不立即引起疼痛,而是有一潜伏期,随后引起极其难受的感觉,针刺停止后仍持续一段时间,此症状称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "感觉过敏", "B": "感觉过度", "C": "牵涉性疼痛", "D": "感觉倒错"}, "answer": "感觉过度", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.刺激餐后胰岛素早期分泌的降血糖药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "双胍类", "B": "噻唑烷二酮类", "C": "格列奈类", "D": "α葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂"}, "answer": "格列奈类", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.符合丘疹样荨麻疹特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热、流泪、咳嗽3天,出玫瑰色斑丘疹,由头面开始到全身,皮疹消退后留有色素沉着", "B": "高热、咽痛、扁桃体增大,出皮疹,全身呈弥漫性充血性皮疹,疹退后有大片状脱皮", "C": "低热出皮疹,呈红色丘疹,很快出现水疱、破溃、结痂", "D": "无热出疹多分布在下肢、腰部,皮疹形成水疱,不易破溃伴有瘙痒,持续数日消退有色素沉着"}, "answer": "无热出疹多分布在下肢、腰部,皮疹形成水疱,不易破溃伴有瘙痒,持续数日消退有色素沉着", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在真核生物中,经RNA聚合酶Ⅱ催化产生的转录产物为(  )。", "options": {"A": "mRNA", "B": "tRNA", "C": "28SrRNA", "D": "18SrRNA"}, "answer": "mRNA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心肌缺血时,牵涉痛通常发生在(  )。", "options": {"A": "心前区、左肩和左上臂", "B": "左上腹和肩胛间", "C": "左肩胛和右肩胛", "D": "下腹部和腹股沟区"}, "answer": "心前区、左肩和左上臂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,20岁。2年来月经期间发作性双颞部剧烈头痛,发作后常有疲劳、倦怠、无力、食欲差,有家族“头痛”史,为防再发,应选择的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡马西平", "B": "丙戊酸钠", "C": "苯巴比妥", "D": "托吡酯"}, "answer": "丙戊酸钠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.肺腺癌的主要播散途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "跳跃转移", "B": "经血液", "C": "经淋巴", "D": "腰椎病变直接蔓延"}, "answer": "经血液", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,50岁,因患二尖瓣狭窄进行了瓣膜置换术。术前肝功正常,HBsAg(-),术中输血600ml。术后1个月复查,ALT 240U/L,TBil 15μmol/L。2.为明确诊断应查(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗HAV-IgM", "B": "HCV-RNA和抗HCV", "C": "HDAg和抗HD-IgM", "D": "抗HEV"}, "answer": "HCV-RNA和抗HCV", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪一时相中肺内压与大气压相等?(  )", "options": {"A": "吸气初与吸气末", "B": "吸气末与呼气末", "C": "吸气初与呼气末", "D": "吸气初与呼气初"}, "answer": "吸气末与呼气末", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗震颤麻痹应用(  )。", "options": {"A": "美多巴", "B": "新斯的明", "C": "青霉胺", "D": "氟哌啶醇"}, "answer": "美多巴", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,3岁,眼睑及双下肢明显水肿,少尿1周,体检:精神状态良好,眼睑水肿,双下肢呈凹陷性水肿,血压90/60mmHg,心脏正常,尿常规:蛋白(+++),红细胞0~3个/HP,血浆总蛋白45g/L,白蛋白22g/L,抗“O”正常,C3补体正常,胆固醇11.2mmol/L。3.该患儿治疗应选(  )。", "options": {"A": "泼尼松短程疗法", "B": "泼尼松中程疗法", "C": "泼尼松长程疗法", "D": "甲泼尼松龙冲击疗法"}, "answer": "泼尼松短程疗法", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是甲亢时最具有诊断意义的体征?(  )", "options": {"A": "弥漫性甲状腺肿伴血管杂音", "B": "心率加快,第一心音亢进", "C": "脉压差大", "D": "心脏增大"}, "answer": "弥漫性甲状腺肿伴血管杂音", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,50岁,1年来面色苍白、乏力,1个月来出现牙龈出血。化验Hb 68g/L,WBC 2.6×109/L,PLT 32×109/L,骨髓检查增生明显活跃,原始细胞15%,铁染色结果示细胞外铁(+++),环状铁粒幼细胞占11%,诊断骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS),根据FAB分型最可能的类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "RA型", "B": "RAEB型", "C": "RAEB-T型", "D": "CMMI型"}, "answer": "RAEB型", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "刺激的阈值指的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "用最小刺激强度,刚刚引起组织兴奋的最短作用时间", "B": "保持一定刺激强度不变,能引起组织兴奋的最适作用时间", "C": "刺激时间和强度—时间变化率不变,引起组织发生兴奋的最小刺激强度", "D": "刺激时间不限,能引起组织最大兴奋的最小刺激强度"}, "answer": "刺激时间和强度—时间变化率不变,引起组织发生兴奋的最小刺激强度", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "别构效应剂与酶结合的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "活性中心的结合基团", "B": "活性中心的催化基团", "C": "活性中心外的调节部位", "D": "活性中心外的催化部位"}, "answer": "活性中心外的调节部位", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,28岁。其看见或听到“和平”二字时,马上想起“战争”;看见或听到“安全”二字时,便想到“危险”二字。此症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "强迫性穷思竭虑", "B": "超价观念", "C": "强迫性对立观念", "D": "牵连观念"}, "answer": "强迫性对立观念", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "溶组织内阿米巴的致病型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小滋养体", "B": "大滋养体", "C": "裂殖体", "D": "配子体"}, "answer": "大滋养体", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.医德修养的意义直接体现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "医德修养为医务人员完善医德人格所必需", "B": "医德修养为妥善处理医患关系所必需", "C": "医德修养为妥善处理医护关系所必需", "D": "医德修养为有效保护自己所必需"}, "answer": "医德修养为医务人员完善医德人格所必需", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.高剂量Tl-Ag(  )。", "options": {"A": "引起T细胞免疫耐受", "B": "引起B细胞免疫耐受", "C": "引起T、B细胞免疫耐受", "D": "不引起免疫耐受"}, "answer": "引起B细胞免疫耐受", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项不是乙型脑炎的基本病理变化?(  )", "options": {"A": "淋巴血管套", "B": "神经细胞变性坏死", "C": "噬神经现象", "D": "蛛网膜下腔有大量中性粒细胞"}, "answer": "蛛网膜下腔有大量中性粒细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于气体在血液中运输的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "O2的结合形式是氧合血红蛋白", "B": "CO2主要是以HCO3-形式来运输", "C": "CO2和Hb的结合无需酶的催化", "D": "O2与Hb的结合反应快、可逆,需要酶的催化"}, "answer": "O2与Hb的结合反应快、可逆,需要酶的催化", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对军团菌致病性的错误叙述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "通过气溶胶吸入感染", "B": "胞内寄生性是重要致病因素", "C": "抗吞噬作用与LPS有关", "D": "抗吞噬作用与荚膜有关"}, "answer": "抗吞噬作用与荚膜有关", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性肾小球肾炎患者,当蛋白尿>1g/d时,血压控制的理想水平是(  )。", "options": {"A": "125/75mrnHg以下", "B": "130/80mmHg以下", "C": "140/90mmHg以下", "D": "135/85mmHg以下"}, "answer": "125/75mrnHg以下", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "哪项是诊断小儿肾病综合征的必备条件?(  )", "options": {"A": "大量蛋白尿,高脂血症", "B": "大量蛋白尿,明显水肿", "C": "明显水肿,高脂血症", "D": "低蛋白血症,大量蛋白尿"}, "answer": "低蛋白血症,大量蛋白尿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "溃疡病致瘢痕性幽门梗阻最典型的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呕吐", "B": "腹胀", "C": "消瘦", "D": "脱水"}, "answer": "呕吐", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.结核瘤(  )。", "options": {"A": "包裹", "B": "空洞", "C": "机化", "D": "溶解吸收"}, "answer": "包裹", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "噻嗪类利尿药利尿作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制髓袢升支粗段皮质部对NaCl的再吸收", "B": "抑制髓袢升支粗段髓质部对NaCl的再吸收", "C": "抗醛固酮作用", "D": "降低尿的稀释和浓缩功能"}, "answer": "抑制髓袢升支粗段皮质部对NaCl的再吸收", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于妊娠女性,可疑甲亢时,下列哪一项检查不应该做?(  )", "options": {"A": "甲状腺摄131I率测定", "B": "TT3", "C": "TRAb", "D": "TSH"}, "answer": "甲状腺摄131I率测定", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于“脱敏治疗”下列说法是正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "开始使用高剂量抗原更安全", "B": "应采取“少量多次”的治疗方法", "C": "直接影响细胞膜的稳定性", "D": "可诱导大量的内源性抗组织胺物质产生"}, "answer": "应采取“少量多次”的治疗方法", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1岁男孩,发热、咳嗽、气促1周,近1天惊厥4次,意识不清。查体:嗜睡,双眼凝视,球结膜水肿,前囟隆起,双肺散在中细湿啰音,脑膜刺激征阳性,巴氏征阳性。脑脊液除压力增高外,其他均正常。该病例诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎合并轻度缺氧", "B": "肺炎合并化脑", "C": "肺炎合并心衰", "D": "肺炎合并脑水肿"}, "answer": "肺炎合并脑水肿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性粒细胞白血病病人有哪条染色体改变?(  )", "options": {"A": "t(8:14)", "B": "t(9:22)(q34:q11)", "C": "t(15:1)", "D": "t(11:8)(q34:q11)"}, "answer": "t(9:22)(q34:q11)", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性弥漫性腹膜炎手术治疗的步骤不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "用生理盐水冲洗腹腔至清洁", "B": "关腹前均在腹腔内用抗生素控制感染", "C": "寻找引起腹膜炎的原发灶", "D": "根据病变脏器的部位确定手术切口"}, "answer": "关腹前均在腹腔内用抗生素控制感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "65岁陈旧性股骨颈骨折、股骨头缺血性坏死患者,最佳治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "股骨头钻孔、植骨", "B": "髋关节融合术", "C": "人工髋关节置换术", "D": "药物治疗"}, "answer": "人工髋关节置换术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女性,85岁,吸烟30余年,反复咳嗽、咳痰20年,气喘10年,水肿、尿少10天。查体:血压110/50mmHg,嗜睡,呼吸促,球结膜水肿,口唇发绀,颈静脉怒张,左肺闻及湿啰音,P2>A2.肝大,肋下2cm,双下肢水肿。pH 7.32,PaCO2 75mmHg,Pa02 42mmHg。3.关于呼吸衰竭的治疗,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗感染", "B": "祛痰", "C": "氧疗", "D": "大剂量利尿剂"}, "answer": "大剂量利尿剂", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于脊柱外伤与脊髓损伤的关系的叙述,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "有的病例表现为明显脊髓损伤,但X线片却无骨折脱位", "B": "胸椎较固定,所以胸椎骨的脱位多无脊髓损伤", "C": "脊髓损伤节段与椎骨受伤平面不一致", "D": "椎管狭窄患者,脊柱创伤更易发生脊髓损伤"}, "answer": "胸椎较固定,所以胸椎骨的脱位多无脊髓损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "糖酵解是何种细菌产生能量的唯一途径?(  )", "options": {"A": "专性需氧菌", "B": "兼性厌氧菌", "C": "专性厌氧菌", "D": "以上都不对"}, "answer": "专性厌氧菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "霍乱典型病例发病后最先出现的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "畏寒、发热", "B": "腹痛", "C": "腹泻", "D": "腓肠肌痛性痉挛"}, "answer": "腹泻", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "语音震颤减弱见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺梗死", "B": "肺脓肿", "C": "空洞型肺结核", "D": "阻塞性肺不张"}, "answer": "阻塞性肺不张", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.男,35岁。低热、右下腹痛、腹泻伴黏液便8个月。消瘦、贫血,右下腹压痛。血沉34mm/h,钡餐检查回肠末段有三段肠壁僵硬、狭窄,皱襞粗乱,有卵石样充盈缺损及线样征。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠结核", "B": "Crohn病", "C": "溃疡性结肠炎", "D": "结肠癌"}, "answer": "Crohn病", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "母乳喂养儿粪便中主要的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大肠杆菌", "B": "肠链球菌", "C": "副大肠杆菌", "D": "乳酸杆菌"}, "answer": "乳酸杆菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.上述哪项是测定肺通气效率较好的指标(  )。", "options": {"A": "潮气量", "B": "肺活量", "C": "时间肺活量", "D": "肺扩散容量"}, "answer": "时间肺活量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "Bishop宫颈成熟度评分得2分的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫口开大4cm", "B": "先露位置-2", "C": "宫颈管消退80%", "D": "宫口位置后方"}, "answer": "宫口开大4cm", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,25岁,心脏手术中,因麻醉药过量,病人出现呼吸、心跳停止,此时除进行人工呼吸及心脏按摩外,还应选择以下哪项措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "异丙肾上腺素静脉注射", "B": "静脉注射毛花苷C", "C": "肾上腺素心内注射", "D": "静脉滴注去甲肾上腺素"}, "answer": "肾上腺素心内注射", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.与人宫颈癌的发生有关(  )。", "options": {"A": "EB病毒", "B": "人乳头瘤病毒", "C": "人嗜T淋巴细胞病毒(HTLV-1)", "D": "癌胚抗原"}, "answer": "人乳头瘤病毒", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,53岁。腹痛、腹胀、低热4周,表情淡漠、嗜睡1天。腹部B超示:肝实质弥漫性病变、脾大及腹水。对该患者诊断最有意义的阳性体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Babinski征阳性", "B": "扑翼样震颤阳性", "C": "腹壁反射消失", "D": "腱反射亢进"}, "answer": "扑翼样震颤阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "PCO2升高引起呼吸加深加快最主要是通过(  )。", "options": {"A": "直接刺激呼吸中枢", "B": "刺激中枢化学感受器转而兴奋呼吸中枢", "C": "刺激颈动脉窦压力感受器", "D": "刺激颈动脉体化学感受器"}, "answer": "刺激中枢化学感受器转而兴奋呼吸中枢", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.终板电位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动作电位", "B": "阈电位", "C": "局部电位", "D": "静息电位"}, "answer": "局部电位", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,36岁,突起昏迷,四肢瘫痪,双侧瞳孔“针尖样”缩小。其最可能的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑桥出血", "B": "额叶出血", "C": "基底节出血", "D": "蛛网膜下腔出血"}, "answer": "脑桥出血", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,30岁。车祸撞伤右上腹40分钟。查体:P118次/分,BP 90/60mmHg,痛苦貌,腹肌紧张,以右上腹为甚,有压痛、反跳痛,右下腹穿刺抽出含胆汁的血液。术前处理最重要的环节是(  )。", "options": {"A": "防治休克", "B": "止血", "C": "止痛", "D": "镇静"}, "answer": "防治休克", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不属于心理治疗的4个基本过程的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "技术手段准备阶段", "B": "结束巩固阶段", "C": "分析认识阶段", "D": "问题探索阶段"}, "answer": "技术手段准备阶段", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.急性右心室非ST段抬高型心肌梗死不宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯吡格雷", "B": "呋塞米", "C": "低分子肝素", "D": "尿激酶"}, "answer": "尿激酶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在感染过程中的5种结局中最不常见的表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "隐性感染", "B": "显性感染", "C": "病原携带状态", "D": "潜伏性感染"}, "answer": "显性感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列氨基酸含有两个羧基的氨基酸是(  )。", "options": {"A": "酪氨酸", "B": "赖氨酸", "C": "苏氨酸", "D": "谷氨酸"}, "answer": "谷氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不符合睾酮功能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维持正常性欲", "B": "抑制蛋白质合成", "C": "促进骨骼生长", "D": "促进精子生长发育"}, "answer": "抑制蛋白质合成", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,40岁,因持续胸痛1天就诊。10天前曾发热伴咳嗽。查体:BP 120/70mmHg,心界不大,心率84次/分,律齐,胸骨左缘第3、4肋间可闻及性质粗糙、高音调、与心搏一致的双期搔抓样音,与呼吸无关。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒性心肌炎", "B": "急性心包炎", "C": "肥厚型心肌病", "D": "急性胸膜炎"}, "answer": "急性心包炎", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "做PPD试验后观察结果的时间为(  )。", "options": {"A": "48~72小时", "B": "72小时后", "C": "24~48小时", "D": "12~24小时"}, "answer": "48~72小时", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述消毒灭菌法哪一种是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "金属器械——漂白粉", "B": "含糖培养基——间歇灭菌法", "C": "排泄物——漂白粉", "D": "人或动物血清——滤过除菌"}, "answer": "金属器械——漂白粉", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪项是增强子的作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "促进结构基因转录", "B": "抑制操纵基因表达", "C": "抑制阻遏蛋白", "D": "抑制启动子"}, "answer": "促进结构基因转录", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.与基因转录起动有关的核苷酸顺序是(  )。", "options": {"A": "增强子", "B": "启动子", "C": "衰减子", "D": "转座子"}, "answer": "启动子", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.可产生芽胞(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌生长繁殖周期的迟缓期", "B": "繁殖周期的对数期", "C": "繁殖周期的稳定期", "D": "繁殖周期的衰亡期"}, "answer": "繁殖周期的稳定期", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,29岁,左前胸刀刺伤半小时。查体:烦躁不安,皮肤苍白湿冷,呼吸困难,脉细弱,140次/分,颈静脉怒张,血压70/50mmHg,左前胸第5肋间处见约4cm刀伤口。4.诊断明确后,正确的治疗措施应选以下哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "快速输血、补液,抗休克", "B": "心包穿刺减压后紧急手术", "C": "胸膜腔闭式引流负压吸引", "D": "快速扩容后,应用血管活性药物"}, "answer": "心包穿刺减压后紧急手术", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是肉芽肿性炎的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "纤维母细胞、毛细血管、局部组织增生", "B": "疏松组织内中性粒细胞弥漫性浸润", "C": "淋巴细胞、浆细胞和巨噬细胞浸润", "D": "巨噬细胞及其衍生细胞结节状增生"}, "answer": "巨噬细胞及其衍生细胞结节状增生", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有关慢性肾盂肾炎的描述,下列哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "肾盂扩张变形", "B": "肾间质慢性炎症细胞浸润和纤维化", "C": "肾小球内皮细胞和系膜细胞增生", "D": "肾实质萎缩"}, "answer": "肾小球内皮细胞和系膜细胞增生", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "食物蛋白质的互补作用是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋白质与糖、脂肪混合食用,提高营养价值", "B": "蛋白质与糖混合食用,提高营养价值", "C": "几种蛋白质混合食用,提高营养价值", "D": "用糖和脂肪代替蛋白质的营养价值"}, "answer": "几种蛋白质混合食用,提高营养价值", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "强迫性神经症主要症状是强迫症状,它的特点是(不同于重性精神病之处)(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人认识到强迫症状是异常的,感到无法摆脱、无法控制", "B": "病人有意识的自我强迫和自我反强迫同时存在", "C": "病人头脑中的强迫和反强迫尖锐冲突而产生焦虑和苦恼", "D": "以上四条都是正确的"}, "answer": "以上四条都是正确的", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者经泼尼松治疗1年后,血小板20×109/L,但仍在维持服用泼尼松30mg/d。2.关于该患者的下列叙述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ham试验阳性", "B": "骨髓巨核细胞减少", "C": "血块回缩能力降低", "D": "血小板寿命正常"}, "answer": "血块回缩能力降低", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于原发性肺结核病下列哪一项正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "病变早期发生干酪样坏死", "B": "病变在肺内易顺支气管扩散", "C": "如不经过积极治疗难以痊愈", "D": "急性全身性粟粒性结核病不如继发性肺结核病常见"}, "answer": "病变早期发生干酪样坏死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "子宫颈上皮内瘤变转变为宫颈浸润癌约需(  )。", "options": {"A": "16~20年", "B": "1~4年", "C": "5~10年", "D": "11~15年"}, "answer": "5~10年", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肝性脑病正确的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "患者狂躁不安时使用水合氯醛灌肠", "B": "肥皂水灌肠清除肠腔积血", "C": "静脉使用甲硝唑抑制肠道细菌生长", "D": "口服乳果糖"}, "answer": "口服乳果糖", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "造成脑疝常见的原因中不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "外伤所致各种颅内血肿", "B": "颅内脓肿", "C": "颅内肿瘤", "D": "颅底骨折"}, "answer": "颅底骨折", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.新生儿肺透明膜病容易发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "足月儿", "B": "低出生体重儿", "C": "过期产儿", "D": "早产儿"}, "answer": "早产儿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于1岁小儿能做的动作,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "会爬", "B": "会拍手", "C": "会骑三轮车", "D": "会弯腰拾东西"}, "answer": "会骑三轮车", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "老年男性患者,昏迷,有肝炎史,血氨130μmol/L,引起血氨升高主要的肝代谢障碍是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳酸循环", "B": "三羧酸循环", "C": "鸟氨酸循环", "D": "核蛋白体循环"}, "answer": "鸟氨酸循环", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某男性患者,10岁,误服有机磷农药1605(对硫磷)约5m1,急诊送医院就诊,当时测定胆碱酯酶活力为54%。1.急诊洗胃,忌用下列哪种洗胃液(  )。", "options": {"A": "高锰酸钾1:5000", "B": "生理盐水", "C": "清水", "D": "肥皂水"}, "answer": "高锰酸钾1:5000", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "可分泌胃蛋白酶原的主要细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肥大细胞", "B": "壁细胞", "C": "杯状细胞", "D": "主细胞"}, "answer": "主细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.容易引起Ⅱ型呼衰加重的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸兴奋剂", "B": "强心剂", "C": "镇静剂", "D": "血管扩张剂"}, "answer": "镇静剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,54岁。诊断为急性坏疽性阑尾炎伴弥漫性腹膜炎,行阑尾切除术。术后第3天腹胀、腹痛、发热,体温39℃,大便4~6次/日,呈水样。肛门有下坠感,腹部有轻压痛,未触及肿块。首先应考虑的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直肠穿孔", "B": "阑尾残株炎", "C": "急性肠炎", "D": "盆腔脓肿"}, "answer": "盆腔脓肿", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于小儿肾小管功能正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿葡萄糖肾阈高", "B": "新生儿不能保持钠的正平衡", "C": "新生儿及幼婴存在钠的调节机制", "D": "出生后排钾能力较强"}, "answer": "新生儿及幼婴存在钠的调节机制", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,25岁。乏力、消瘦、腹胀2个月。查体:心肺未见异常,肝肋下1cm,脾肋下8cm。化验:Hb 138g/L,WBC 96×109/L,PLT 385×109/L。分子生物检查可见bcr/abl融合基因。3.该患者最有效的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服伊马替尼", "B": "DA方案化疗", "C": "口服苯丁酸氮芥", "D": "脾切除"}, "answer": "口服伊马替尼", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.询问病史的道德要求是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全神贯注", "B": "精确操作", "C": "合理配伍", "D": "争分夺秒"}, "answer": "全神贯注", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "5.病原菌经局部入血、无严重症状称(  )。", "options": {"A": "毒血症", "B": "内毒素血症", "C": "脓毒血症", "D": "菌血症"}, "answer": "菌血症", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不属于原核细胞型微生物的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌", "B": "病毒", "C": "支原体", "D": "立克次体"}, "answer": "病毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,30岁,半小时前从高处坠下,右股骨下端肿痛,腹部疼痛。查体:神志淡漠,股骨下端有成角畸形。2.该患者最后诊断为右股骨下1/3斜折,骨盆坐骨支及耻骨支骨折,3天后患者腹部症状消失,生命体征平衡,但出现右足背动脉搏动弱,足发凉,色苍白,此时应采用哪一种治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "切开复位,内固定加探查血管", "B": "手法复位,石膏外固定", "C": "探查血管后,石膏外固定", "D": "继续观察"}, "answer": "切开复位,内固定加探查血管", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是梗死最常见的原因?(  )", "options": {"A": "血栓形成", "B": "血管严重受压", "C": "动脉痉挛", "D": "动脉壁肿瘤"}, "answer": "血栓形成", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,68岁,反复咳嗽咳痰20年,气喘10年,加重伴下肢水肿一周入院,高血压病史10余年,最高血压145/90mmHg,查体:T 37.8℃,口唇发绀,血压135/80mmHg,双下肺散在湿啰音和哮鸣音,肝肋下3cm,肝颈静脉回流征阳性,双下肢水肿,WBC 9.3×109/L。2.该患者发生下肢水肿的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "水钠潴留", "B": "淋巴回流障碍", "C": "体循环淤血", "D": "继发性醛固酮增多"}, "answer": "体循环淤血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "10个月男婴,经常出现夜惊不宁,近1周加重,多汗、烦闹。1.该患儿生后一直母乳不足,混合喂养,尚未添加辅食,此患儿到门诊就诊时,体格检查最易发现的阳性体征为(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮下脂肪明显减少", "B": "体检正常", "C": "方颅,前囟大,乳牙未萌出", "D": "双下肢瘀点,瘀斑"}, "answer": "方颅,前囟大,乳牙未萌出", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "子宫内膜异位症最主要的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "经期腹痛伴发热", "B": "经期腹痛伴肛门坠胀感", "C": "两侧下腹剧烈腹痛", "D": "继发性痛经,进行性加重"}, "answer": "继发性痛经,进行性加重", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.常引起心脏毒性的化疗药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "环磷酰胺", "B": "甲氨蝶呤", "C": "长春新碱", "D": "阿霉素"}, "answer": "阿霉素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列有关子宫肌瘤叙述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多无明显症状", "B": "月经改变为最常见的症状", "C": "可有继发性贫血", "D": "有症状的不需要手术"}, "answer": "有症状的不需要手术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "刺激促胰液素释放的最有效物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄糖", "B": "蛋白质分解产物", "C": "HCl", "D": "淀粉"}, "answer": "HCl", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,45岁。外阴骚痒伴烧灼感2天,既往无类似发作史。妇科查体:外阴局部充血明显,阴道黏膜表面有白色凝乳状物覆盖。阴道分泌物镜检找到假菌丝。关于其治疗,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "药物治疗首选局部用药", "B": "不能耐受局部用药者也可全身用药", "C": "治疗后复查应选在月经来潮前", "D": "性伴侣无症状者需进行常规治疗"}, "answer": "性伴侣无症状者需进行常规治疗", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列不能作为脑膜炎双球菌与肺炎链球菌脑膜炎的鉴别依据的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤有无出血点", "B": "有无流行性", "C": "脑脊液的常规,生化检查", "D": "脑脊液涂片找细菌和细菌培养"}, "answer": "脑脊液的常规,生化检查", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "具有高等学校医学专科学历,在医疗、预防、保健机构中试用期满多长时间可以参加执业助理医师资格考试?(  )", "options": {"A": "18个月", "B": "1年", "C": "6个月", "D": "3年"}, "answer": "1年", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性有机磷农药中毒抢救治疗后,可再发生昏迷或突然死亡的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对硫磷", "B": "乐果", "C": "敌敌畏", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "乐果", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "请指出以下不属于法洛四联症常见临床表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "青紫", "B": "充血性心力衰竭", "C": "缺氧发作", "D": "杵状指"}, "answer": "充血性心力衰竭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "7岁男孩,夏季突发高热2小时,惊厥3次,面色发灰,四肢凉,血压低,心肺无异常,脑膜刺激征阴性。2.应首先做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰穿", "B": "颅脑影像学检查", "C": "血白细胞计数及分类", "D": "灌肠通便,查便常规"}, "answer": "灌肠通便,查便常规", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性腰扭伤与腰椎间盘突出症均可有坐骨神经支配区疼痛,其鉴别依靠(  )。", "options": {"A": "外伤史", "B": "局部痛点普鲁卡因封闭", "C": "直腿抬高试验", "D": "股神经牵拉试验"}, "answer": "局部痛点普鲁卡因封闭", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "房间隔缺损患儿于胸骨左缘2、3肋间可闻及收缩期杂音产生的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动脉瓣相对狭窄", "B": "血流通过缺损口", "C": "肺动脉瓣相对狭窄", "D": "二尖瓣相对狭窄"}, "answer": "肺动脉瓣相对狭窄", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于医务人员对病人的义务,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "只解除病人躯体痛苦的义务", "B": "治愈病人的疾病是医务人员的基本道德义务", "C": "对病人进行医学科普知识宣传的义务", "D": "解除病人心理的、精神的、痛苦的义务"}, "answer": "只解除病人躯体痛苦的义务", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "近球小管对小管液的重吸收是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高渗性重吸收", "B": "等渗性重吸收", "C": "受抗利尿激素的调节", "D": "受醛固酮的调节"}, "answer": "等渗性重吸收", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "培养脑膜炎奈瑟菌应在培养基中加入(  )。", "options": {"A": "10%小牛血清", "B": "80℃加热后的血液", "C": "5%新鲜血液", "D": "胆盐"}, "answer": "80℃加热后的血液", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列预后最差的肺癌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺癌", "B": "小细胞癌", "C": "鳞状细胞癌", "D": "大细胞癌"}, "answer": "小细胞癌", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "铁的吸收部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "回肠", "B": "十二指肠及空肠上段", "C": "胃", "D": "直肠"}, "answer": "十二指肠及空肠上段", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "属于骨关节炎导致的畸形改变的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纽扣花样畸形", "B": "方形手", "C": "天鹅颈样畸形", "D": "杵状指"}, "answer": "方形手", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,72岁。双手抖动伴动作缓慢5年。查体:记忆力稍差,手指呈搓丸样静止性震颤,系纽扣、系鞋带等动作困难,写字越写越小,慌张步态。3.下列哪项为治疗本病最有效的药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "D-青霉胺", "B": "复方左旋多巴", "C": "抗胆碱酯酶药", "D": "抗胆碱能药"}, "answer": "复方左旋多巴", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.以温和噬菌体为载体,将供体菌的一段DNA转移到受体菌内(  )。", "options": {"A": "接合", "B": "转化", "C": "转导", "D": "溶源性转换"}, "answer": "转导", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "霍乱病严重腓肠肌和腹肌痉挛最主要的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "补氯", "B": "补磷", "C": "补钠", "D": "补钾"}, "answer": "补钠", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.腺病毒肺炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部X线片肺野有大片或小片状阴影或融合成大病灶", "B": "阻塞性肺气肿和支气管周围炎的阴影", "C": "大片状或小片状浸润影易形成脓肿和肺大泡", "D": "细沙状阴影以两肺上部为主"}, "answer": "胸部X线片肺野有大片或小片状阴影或融合成大病灶", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,36岁。上腹痛伴烧心3年,多在餐后约1小时出现剑突下疼痛,1~2小时后可缓解。内科规范治疗1年,症状反复发作,曾有2次黑便。胃镜及X线钡餐透视均在胃角处见1.5cm大小溃疡,决定手术治疗。首选的术式为(  )。", "options": {"A": "高选择性迷走神经切断术加引流术", "B": "BillrothⅠ胃大部切除术", "C": "Roum-en-Y吻合术加迷走神经干切断术", "D": "选择性迷走神经切断术加引流术"}, "answer": "BillrothⅠ胃大部切除术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,1岁。突然哭闹4小时,阵发性发作,不发作时如正常,发作时面色苍白伴呕吐,为所食牛奶,大便呈果酱样。1.发作时查体,最可能的腹部体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全腹胀,可见肠型", "B": "肝浊音界消失", "C": "肠鸣音减弱或消失", "D": "右腹部可扪及腊肠形肿物"}, "answer": "右腹部可扪及腊肠形肿物", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.急性早幼粒细胞白血病(  )。", "options": {"A": "可见Auer小体", "B": "红细胞大小不等,中心淡染区扩大", "C": "细胞中含粗大嗜天青颗粒比例I>30%", "D": "红细胞中有染色质小体"}, "answer": "细胞中含粗大嗜天青颗粒比例I>30%", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,60岁。胸闷、气促2周。查体:吸气时BP 85/60mmHg,呼气时BP 100/75mmHg,心尖搏动减弱,心界向两侧扩大,心率125次/min,律齐,心音低钝、遥远,心脏各瓣膜区未闻及杂音。2.最有助于确诊的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部X线片", "B": "心电图", "C": "超声心动图", "D": "CT"}, "answer": "超声心动图", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,23岁,某大宾馆客房服务员,因发热、咳嗽、气短而入院。已用青霉素、红霉素、卡那霉素、环丙沙星等治疗20天。患者症状更重,出现缺氧发绀。查:T38.9℃,肺部偶闻湿性啰音,胸片显示间质性肺炎表现,血WBC 4.2×109/L,曾多次进行血、痰培养均无致病菌生长。患者入院时颈、腋、腹股沟即有直径1cm左右的淋巴结,光滑无压痛,住院后略有增大。1.诊断应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管结核", "B": "艾滋病卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎", "C": "支原体肺炎", "D": "衣原体肺炎"}, "answer": "艾滋病卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.不按规定使用麻醉药品、精神药物,情节严重的,由卫生行政部门给予的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "暂停执业活动3~6个月", "B": "给予行政处分", "C": "吊销医师营业执照", "D": "追究刑事责任"}, "answer": "吊销医师营业执照", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿6岁,跌倒时手掌着地,查体:肘关节半屈状,肘部明显肿胀及压痛,皮下有瘀斑,呈向外突出畸形,桡动脉搏动减弱,肘后三角存在,被动伸指时有剧疼痛。1.该患最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "伸直型肱骨髁上骨折", "B": "肘关节脱位", "C": "屈曲型肱骨髁上骨折", "D": "尺骨鹰嘴骨折"}, "answer": "伸直型肱骨髁上骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列疾病中,纵隔向患侧移位的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性脓胸", "B": "张力性气胸", "C": "慢性脓胸", "D": "血气胸"}, "answer": "慢性脓胸", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列病人享有的自我决定权,其中哪点是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "人的权利意识得到增强", "B": "医务人员处于被动地位", "C": "体现了病人应有权利", "D": "有利于病人与医务人员建立良好关系"}, "answer": "医务人员处于被动地位", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗流行性脑脊髓膜炎首选的抗菌药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "复方磺胺甲噁唑", "B": "青霉素", "C": "氯霉素", "D": "红霉素"}, "answer": "青霉素", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "磺脲类药物的主要副作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低血糖反应", "B": "恶心、呕吐", "C": "白细胞减少", "D": "皮肤瘙痒"}, "answer": "低血糖反应", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "脑梗死临床表现中,不应有的症状或体征(  )。", "options": {"A": "肢体瘫痪", "B": "意识不清", "C": "抽搐", "D": "脑膜刺激征"}, "answer": "脑膜刺激征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,17岁。双下肢出血点伴关节痛2周,水肿1周。实验室检查:尿红细胞30~40/高倍视野,尿蛋白4.2g/d,血ALB 28g/L。肾免疫病理示IgA沉积于系膜区。其病因诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgA肾病", "B": "原发性肾病综合征", "C": "过敏性紫癜肾炎", "D": "狼疮肾炎"}, "answer": "过敏性紫癜肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "风湿性心包炎的表现不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "有心包摩擦音", "B": "呼吸困难", "C": "心前区疼痛", "D": "心音增强"}, "answer": "心音增强", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "朊病毒引起的主要疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "艾滋病", "B": "克雅病", "C": "莱姆病", "D": "恙虫病"}, "answer": "克雅病", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项为医德评价客观标准的核心?(  )", "options": {"A": "有利于人类生存环境的保护和改善", "B": "有利于综合国力的提高", "C": "有利于人民生活水平的提高", "D": "有利于防病治病,有利于病人疾病缓解和根除"}, "answer": "有利于防病治病,有利于病人疾病缓解和根除", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4~6个月婴儿不宜添加的食物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "菜泥", "B": "水果泥", "C": "肉末", "D": "米粉"}, "answer": "肉末", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性患者,68岁,因雪地路滑摔倒,感右髋疼痛,无法行走,查体:右下肢外旋50°畸形,右足纵向叩击痛阳性,右股外侧上段肿胀、压痛,该患者最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨盆骨拆", "B": "右股骨颈骨折", "C": "右粗隆间骨折", "D": "右股上段软组织损伤"}, "answer": "右股骨颈骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肾病综合征不具有下列哪项特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "血尿", "B": "蛋白尿", "C": "水肿", "D": "低蛋白血症"}, "answer": "血尿", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "9个月女孩,母乳喂养,面色蜡黄,表情呆滞,烦躁不安。肝肋下2cm,脾肋下1cm,红细胞2.8×1012/L,血红蛋白70g/L,红细胞大小不等,大的红细胞内中央浅染区扩大,骨髓片呈巨幼细胞增生,其核粗松,胞浆较少。2.还须做下列哪项检查帮助诊断?(  )", "options": {"A": "血清铁蛋白、叶酸、VitB12含量测定", "B": "骨髓糖原染色检查", "C": "血红蛋白电泳检查", "D": "红细胞寿命测定"}, "answer": "血清铁蛋白、叶酸、VitB12含量测定", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,52岁,因呼吸困难和水肿入院。查体发现颈静脉怒张,肝在右肋缘下4cm,表面光滑,轻度压痛,双下肢压陷性水肿。2.该患者心音可有以下变化,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "心尖部第二心音增强", "B": "心尖部第一心音增强", "C": "肺动脉瓣区第二心音增强", "D": "心尖部第一心音可呈拍击性"}, "answer": "心尖部第二心音增强", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列不符合急性白血病初诊时改变的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "贫血", "B": "白细胞增高", "C": "白细胞减少", "D": "血小板增高"}, "answer": "血小板增高", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,8岁。发热、胸痛、气短一周余。查体:右胸部饱满,叩诊呈浊音,右胸呼吸音减弱。实验室检查:白细胞20×109/L,中性粒细胞分数90%。胸透示:右胸腔积液。1.该患者应首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性脓胸", "B": "癌性胸膜炎", "C": "急性左心衰竭", "D": "结核性胸膜炎"}, "answer": "急性脓胸", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,65岁,身高160cm,体重70kg,尿糖(-),糖耐量试验结果为空腹5.0mmol/L,1小时7.6mmol/L,2小时7.Ommol/L,3小时5.4mmol/L。应考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "可排除糖尿病", "B": "可诊为糖尿病", "C": "无临床意义", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "可排除糖尿病", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "真细胞DNA前导链合成的主要复制酶为(  )。", "options": {"A": "DNA聚合酶δ", "B": "DNA聚合酶γ", "C": "DNA聚合酶β", "D": "DNA聚合酶ε"}, "answer": "DNA聚合酶δ", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "病原体侵袭人体后,不出现或仅出现不明显的临床表现,但通过免疫学检查可发现对入侵病原体产生了特异性免疫反应,应称(  )。", "options": {"A": "潜在性感染", "B": "健康携带者", "C": "隐性感染", "D": "不典型病例"}, "answer": "隐性感染", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,55岁。进行性吞咽困难3个月,体重下降5kg,目前能进半流食。1.对该病人最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "食管灼伤狭窄", "B": "食管癌", "C": "食管平滑肌瘤", "D": "食管憩室"}, "answer": "食管癌", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.感染后脓液稠厚,有粪臭(  )。", "options": {"A": "大肠埃希菌", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "C": "铜绿假单胞菌", "D": "拟杆菌"}, "answer": "大肠埃希菌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,65岁。慢性咳喘、咳痰近20年,近3年来症状加重,上二楼困难。有高血压病,服药控制较稳定。昨傍晚无明确诱因突感胸闷、气急渐渐加重,不能平卧,彻夜未眠,今晨前来急诊。体检:血压135/90mmHg。端坐呼吸,发绀,气管位置无明显偏移。两肺叩诊过清音,呼吸音普遍降低,伴哮鸣音。心界叩不出,心音遥远。心电图示左心室肥大。2.确立诊断最有价值的辅助检查应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部X线透视或摄片", "B": "心电图", "C": "动脉血气分析", "D": "超声心动图"}, "answer": "胸部X线透视或摄片", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "化脓性关节炎经穿刺及关节内注入抗生素治疗后,未能控制症状时,应当(  )。", "options": {"A": "调整并加大抗生素全身用量", "B": "增加关节穿刺次数", "C": "增加关节内抗生素用量", "D": "切开引流"}, "answer": "切开引流", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "传染病防治法规定,有关人员不得隐瞒、谎报或者授意他人隐瞒、谎报疫情。没有这项法定义务的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "从事传染病科研的", "B": "从事传染病医疗保健的", "C": "从事卫生防疫的", "D": "各级政府有关主管人员"}, "answer": "从事传染病科研的", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一人体重为60kg,其血量约为(  )。", "options": {"A": "4000ml", "B": "5000ml", "C": "7000ml", "D": "8000ml"}, "answer": "5000ml", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "Ⅰ期硅沉着病的表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "硅结节没有出现", "B": "硅结节主要局限在肺的淋巴系统", "C": "病变范围超过全肺的1/3", "D": "肺硬度增加"}, "answer": "硅结节主要局限在肺的淋巴系统", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1g葡萄糖可提供的热能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "4.184kJ(1kcal)", "B": "16.736kJ(4kcal)", "C": "37.654kJ(9kcal)", "D": "41.84kJ(10kcal)"}, "answer": "16.736kJ(4kcal)", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,22岁,月经增多8个月,2周来牙龈出血,下肢皮肤散在出血点与瘀斑,血红蛋白789/L,白细胞5.0×109/L,临床考虑为特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)。3.该患者治疗半年仍反复发作,可考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "加大糖皮质激素剂量继续使用", "B": "改用免疫抑制剂", "C": "血浆交换", "D": "脾切除"}, "answer": "脾切除", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.风湿性心脏病患者,休息时有心悸、呼吸困难或心绞痛,任何活动均可加重上述症状。判断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "KillipⅠ级", "B": "KillipⅡ级", "C": "NYHAⅡ级", "D": "NYHAⅣ级"}, "answer": "NYHAⅣ级", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,65岁,高血压病史18年,近13有时夜间出现胸闷,并有频发的阵发性室上性心动过速,此时宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "普萘洛尔", "B": "普罗帕酮", "C": "维拉帕米", "D": "卡托普利"}, "answer": "维拉帕米", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一新生儿生后不到24小时出现黄疸,很快加重,皮肤重度黄染。4.最可能和严重的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆红素脑病", "B": "肝性昏迷", "C": "肠道感染", "D": "营养不良"}, "answer": "胆红素脑病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医疗机构保存住院病历的最低期限是(  )。", "options": {"A": "30年", "B": "20年", "C": "50年", "D": "10年"}, "answer": "30年", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于甲亢合并周期性麻痹,以下描述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量钾离子从尿中排出", "B": "大量钾离子从肠道排出", "C": "血中钾离子向细胞内转移", "D": "甲亢控制后本病可消除"}, "answer": "血中钾离子向细胞内转移", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,36岁,反复乏力、恶心、纳差3年,明确诊断为慢性乙型病毒性肝炎,肝功时有波动。10天前因参加麦收而过于劳累,近1周来感高度乏力、食欲不振,伴恶心、呕吐、腹胀、尿黄,皮肤、巩膜黄疸进行性加深。化验:肝功TBIL 342μmol/L,DBIL170μmol/L,ALT 160U/L,HBsAg阳性。1.此病人的诊断首先考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性重型肝炎", "B": "亚急性重型肝炎", "C": "慢性重型肝炎", "D": "慢性活动性肝炎"}, "answer": "慢性重型肝炎", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "科雷(Colles)骨折,发生在(  )。", "options": {"A": "桡骨近端", "B": "桡骨", "C": "桡骨的任何部位", "D": "桡骨的远端"}, "answer": "桡骨的远端", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿生长发育的规律不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "连续性、非匀速性、阶段性", "B": "自下而上", "C": "个体差异", "D": "各器官系统发育不平衡"}, "answer": "自下而上", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "细菌缺失哪种结构仍可生存?(  )", "options": {"A": "细胞膜", "B": "细胞浆", "C": "细胞壁", "D": "核蛋白体"}, "answer": "细胞壁", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,36岁。春节乘长途汽车回家途中,突然感觉心前区发闷,呼吸困难,出汗,觉得自己就要不行了,不能自控,要发疯,为此感到紧张,害怕,立即被送到医院急诊,未经特殊处理,半小时后症状消失,体格检查正常。3.该患者长期治疗应首选的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "帕罗西汀", "B": "氨茶碱", "C": "普萘洛尔", "D": "地西泮"}, "answer": "帕罗西汀", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于测定清除率的意义的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可以了解肾的功能", "B": "可以测定肾血流量", "C": "可以推测肾小管的转运功能", "D": "不能推测肾小管的转运功能"}, "answer": "不能推测肾小管的转运功能", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "股骨颈骨折好发于(  )。", "options": {"A": "青年人", "B": "成年人", "C": "老年人", "D": "无年龄差别"}, "answer": "老年人", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性失血性贫血患者,当丢失血容量至少达(  )时即可有贫血表现。", "options": {"A": "10%", "B": "20%", "C": "30%", "D": "35%"}, "answer": "20%", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.交感缩血管纤维束梢释放的递质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素", "B": "去甲肾上腺索", "C": "组织胺", "D": "5-羟色胺"}, "answer": "去甲肾上腺索", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,54岁。因急性阑尾炎穿孔伴局限性腹膜炎,行阑尾切除术后4天,仍有腹痛、腹胀,体温38℃以上,大便3~5次/日,有下坠感。血WBC 18×109/L。1.应首先考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "切口感染", "B": "并发肠炎或菌痢", "C": "并发膈下脓肿", "D": "盆腔脓肿"}, "answer": "盆腔脓肿", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一个66岁的工程师,去年退休后,自觉体力、精力明显下降,记忆力下降,2个月来失眠,食欲下降,懒于活动。觉得活着没意思,自觉自己变成傻子了,无用了。诊断应该考虑的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑衰弱综合征", "B": "痴呆(早期)", "C": "老年期抑郁症", "D": "抑郁性神经症"}, "answer": "老年期抑郁症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不属于第二信使的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ca2+", "B": "cAMP", "C": "IP3", "D": "乙酰胆碱"}, "answer": "乙酰胆碱", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "消化道和肝脏淤血,软组织水肿考虑的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左心衰竭", "B": "右心衰竭", "C": "肝硬化", "D": "动脉硬化"}, "answer": "右心衰竭", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "诊断感染性心内膜炎的最重要方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心电图检查", "B": "X线检查", "C": "血培养", "D": "常规生化检查"}, "answer": "血培养", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,36岁。腹痛、腹胀1个月。伴发热,下午较明显,无寒战,无恶心、呕吐、腹泻。查体:T 37.5℃,P 18次/分,BP 120/80mmHg。双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心律齐。腹部膨隆,全腹弥漫性压痛,无反跳痛,移动性浊音(+)。胸部X线检查:右上肺可见钙化灶。2.为明确诊断,应首先进行的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "PPD试验", "B": "血白蛋白", "C": "腹腔穿刺及腹水化验", "D": "腹部CT"}, "answer": "腹腔穿刺及腹水化验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "人们在遇到压力、痛苦、困境时,引起自杀主要是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "排除应激源", "B": "逃避应激源", "C": "难以应对应激源", "D": "没意识到应激源"}, "answer": "难以应对应激源", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "幼儿期指的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "生后1个月~满2周岁", "B": "生后28天~满2周岁", "C": "生后1周岁~满2周岁之前", "D": "生后1周岁~满3周岁之前"}, "answer": "生后1周岁~满3周岁之前", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,45岁。因剧烈腹痛3小时,急诊入院。入院时,心电图显示心房颤动。查体:腹部平坦,较软,直肠指诊无黏液血便。下列对于确诊最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部超声检查", "B": "腹部X线平片", "C": "腹部动脉造影", "D": "结肠镜"}, "answer": "腹部动脉造影", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不属于骨盆底外层范畴的肌肉是(  )。", "options": {"A": "球状海绵体肌", "B": "坐骨海绵体肌", "C": "肛门外括约肌", "D": "会阴深横肌"}, "answer": "会阴深横肌", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.慢性阻塞性肺疾病的典型肺容量和通气功能的特征性变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "FEV1/FVC减低", "B": "TLC减低", "C": "FEV1占预计值百分比减低", "D": "FVC用力肺活量降低"}, "answer": "FEV1/FVC减低", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项不是肺腺癌的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "多位于肺周边部", "B": "无血行转移", "C": "女性多见", "D": "常见于被动吸烟者"}, "answer": "无血行转移", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,32岁。多次于饮酒后关节红肿疼痛发作,累及的关节包括第一跖趾关节、踝或膝关节。该患者最可能出现的检查结果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血HLA-B27(+)", "B": "血尿酸水平升高", "C": "X线片示骶骨关节炎", "D": "尿渗透压降低"}, "answer": "血尿酸水平升高", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于医学伦理学的研究对象,下列表述最为全面的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医患关系", "B": "医际关系", "C": "医德关系", "D": "医德现象和医德关系"}, "answer": "医德现象和医德关系", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "病员患胆管癌,术中术者用手指钝性剥离胆总管而撕破静脉急性大出血,慌乱中用钳夹止血,造成门静脉完全离断,虽经吻合,病员终因急性肝功能衰竭而死亡。产生的后果属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "医疗意外", "B": "医疗差错", "C": "医疗事故", "D": "手术难以避免的并发症"}, "answer": "医疗事故", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.原位癌(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺导管内癌", "B": "结肠腺瘤性息肉病", "C": "胃中分化腺癌侵及粘膜下层", "D": "卵巢交界性粘液性囊腺瘤"}, "answer": "乳腺导管内癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.办事见异思迁、虎头蛇尾的人,其意志活动缺乏(  )。", "options": {"A": "自觉性", "B": "坚韧性", "C": "自制性", "D": "独立性"}, "answer": "坚韧性", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "白色念珠菌在生物学分类上属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "真核生物类", "B": "原核生物类", "C": "单核生物类", "D": "多核生物类"}, "answer": "真核生物类", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,24岁。月经稀发2年,闭经半年,溢乳3个月。对诊断最有价值的测定项目是(  )。", "options": {"A": "PRL", "B": "雄激素", "C": "雌激素", "D": "HCG"}, "answer": "PRL", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "抗甲亢药物治疗一般疗程为(  )。", "options": {"A": "症状缓解后3个月", "B": "症状缓解即可停药", "C": "症状缓解后半年", "D": "疗程>1年半"}, "answer": "疗程>1年半", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.延髓外侧面(  )。", "options": {"A": "大脑中动脉供血", "B": "大脑后动脉供血", "C": "大脑前动脉供血", "D": "椎动脉供血"}, "answer": "椎动脉供血", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.强心苷的负性传导作用可表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "心电图P—P(或R—R)间期延长", "B": "心电图Q—T间期缩短", "C": "心电图Q—T间期延长", "D": "心电图P—R间期延长"}, "answer": "心电图P—R间期延长", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于流行性乙型脑炎病毒,哪项是错误的(  )。", "options": {"A": "蚊是传播媒介", "B": "多为隐性感染", "C": "为DNA病毒", "D": "病毒外层有包膜"}, "answer": "为DNA病毒", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "需要给予肠外营养的患者不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "各种营养不良患者", "B": "严重大面积烧伤者", "C": "急性重症坏死性胰腺炎者", "D": "严重的胃肠道功能低下者"}, "answer": "各种营养不良患者", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是胆固醇体内合成的原料?(  )", "options": {"A": "17-羟类固醇和17-酮类固醇", "B": "胆汁酸盐和磷脂酰胆碱", "C": "胆汁酸和VD等", "D": "乙酰CoA和NADPH"}, "answer": "乙酰CoA和NADPH", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "胫骨骨折常出现开放性骨折的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "整个胫骨前内侧面位于皮下,骨折端容易穿破皮肤", "B": "胫骨持重大,骨折后移位多,易伤及皮肤", "C": "腓骨常同时骨折,小腿失去骨性支撑,异常活动度大,易伤及皮肤", "D": "以上都不对"}, "answer": "整个胫骨前内侧面位于皮下,骨折端容易穿破皮肤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于外科营养,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "营养状态差的病人应首先考虑肠内营养", "B": "胃肠外营养的完善使其可以替代肠内营养", "C": "短肠综合征的患者以胃肠外营养为首选", "D": "胃肠外营养可使胃肠处于无负荷状态,而保护了胃肠道的机构和功能"}, "answer": "营养状态差的病人应首先考虑肠内营养", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "甲状腺手术后最危急的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸困难", "B": "创口渗血", "C": "声音嘶哑", "D": "甲状腺危象"}, "answer": "呼吸困难", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.上述病原体中,最常见于社区获得性肺炎的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎克雷伯杆菌", "B": "大肠埃希菌", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "D": "流感嗜血杆菌"}, "answer": "流感嗜血杆菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,29岁,长期乏力求医。血红蛋白77g/L,平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度26%,平均红细胞体积63μm3。网织红细胞计数2.0%,血清铁5μmol/L(280μg/L),总铁结合力4980μg/L。2.治疗最恰当的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖皮质激素", "B": "雄激素", "C": "口服铁剂", "D": "口服叶酸,肌肉注射维生素B12"}, "answer": "口服铁剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某限制性核酸内切酶按GGG▼CGCCCC方式切割产生的突出末端含(  )。", "options": {"A": "1个核苷酸", "B": "2个核苷酸", "C": "4个核苷酸", "D": "5个核苷酸"}, "answer": "2个核苷酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "7岁患儿,因高度水肿6天就诊,化验检查:尿蛋白(++++),诊断肾病综合征,PPD试验(++),治疗选择是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服异烟肼", "B": "口服利福平", "C": "口服PAS", "D": "口服乙胺丁醇"}, "answer": "口服异烟肼", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "孕妇34岁,G3P0,妊娠33周。阴道少量出血3天,无腹痛,曾自然流产,过期流产各1次。入院检查:枕左前位,胎头浮,胎心好,耻骨联合上方可闻及胎盘杂音。2.为明确诊断,首选的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肛门检查", "B": "X线腹部平片", "C": "腹部B超检查", "D": "阴道内镜检查"}, "answer": "腹部B超检查", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,男,15岁,因腹痛来院就诊,查:双下肢出现对称性成片状小出血点,尿常规发现血尿(+++),首先考虑的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾下垂", "B": "过敏性紫癜肾炎", "C": "急性肾盂肾炎", "D": "肾血管畸形"}, "answer": "过敏性紫癜肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "水钠潴留作用最弱的糖皮质激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "泼尼松龙", "B": "甲泼尼龙", "C": "地塞米松", "D": "氢化可的松"}, "answer": "地塞米松", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.肠结核的主要感染途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "经口", "B": "经血液循环", "C": "腹腔病变直接蔓延", "D": "经淋巴管道"}, "answer": "经口", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不属于原癌基因特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "只存在于肿瘤细胞中", "B": "基因序列呈高度保守性", "C": "通过其表达产物发挥作用", "D": "激活后具有细胞转化能力"}, "answer": "只存在于肿瘤细胞中", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于抑制性突触后电位产生过程的描述,哪一项是错误的(  )。", "options": {"A": "突触前轴突末梢去极化", "B": "突触小泡释放递质,并与突触后膜受体结合", "C": "突触后膜对Cl-或K+的通透性升高", "D": "突触后膜膜电位增大,引起突触后神经元发放冲动"}, "answer": "突触后膜膜电位增大,引起突触后神经元发放冲动", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,28岁,已婚,因消瘦、乏力、多食、心悸3个月就诊。近2年应用口服避孕药。1.下列哪一项体征最有诊断意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "心动过速", "B": "双眼裂增宽", "C": "皮肤潮润", "D": "甲状腺Ⅱ°肿大,双上极可闻及血管杂音"}, "answer": "甲状腺Ⅱ°肿大,双上极可闻及血管杂音", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "颅前窝骨折最易损伤以下哪根颅神经?(  )", "options": {"A": "嗅神经", "B": "外展神经", "C": "三叉神经", "D": "面神经"}, "answer": "嗅神经", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "大肠埃希菌O157:H7引起的腹泻特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血样便", "B": "米泔水样便", "C": "蛋花样便", "D": "黏液便"}, "answer": "血样便", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,26岁,因外伤造成左肱骨干骨折,来院时检查,上臂较对侧短4cm,有轻度成角畸形,听诊骨传导音明显弱,骨折的移位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "侧方移位", "B": "混合移位", "C": "成角多位", "D": "分离移位"}, "answer": "混合移位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2岁患儿,结核菌素1:2000硬结直径9mm,无临床症状,既往未接种卡介苗,下述哪一项处理正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "定期摄胸部X线片", "B": "定期复查结核菌素试验", "C": "应用异烟肼治疗3~5个月", "D": "应用异烟肼治疗6~12个月"}, "answer": "应用异烟肼治疗6~12个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,52岁。肝炎肝硬化10年,近3个月腹围明显增大,1周来少尿,AFP及血常规正常。最可能的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾小管坏死", "B": "肾前性氮质血症", "C": "肝肾综合征", "D": "慢性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "肝肾综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "吸收胆盐和维生素B12的主要部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "空肠", "B": "回肠", "C": "结肠上段", "D": "结肠下段"}, "answer": "回肠", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "由于使用化妆品引起面部水肿、渗出、痒痛,属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅱ型变态反应", "B": "Ⅰ型变态反应", "C": "Ⅲ型变态反应", "D": "Ⅳ型变态反应"}, "answer": "Ⅳ型变态反应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,19岁,右小腿上段肿胀疼痛8个月,近2个月来肿胀明显,低热,无夜间盗汗现象。体检:右胫骨上端肿胀严重,压痛明显,浅静脉怒张,扪及一8cm×6cm硬性肿块,固定,边界不清。X线片示:右胫骨上段呈虫蚀状溶骨性破坏,骨膜反应明显,可见“日光照射”现象。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右胫骨慢性骨髓炎", "B": "右胫骨骨巨细胞瘤恶变", "C": "右胫骨骨肉瘤", "D": "右胫骨骨软骨瘤恶变"}, "answer": "右胫骨骨肉瘤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,50岁。车祸2小时急诊入院,经抢救后生命体征平稳,神志清醒。现出现下腹部疼痛,不能排尿4小时。查体:下腹部叩诊呈浊音,直肠指检可触及直肠前方饱满,前列腺尖端浮动感。X线摄片显示盆骨骨折(耻骨下支断裂)。2.后期需要补充的最重要的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B超", "B": "尿道造影", "C": "CT", "D": "静脉尿路造影"}, "answer": "尿道造影", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一般讲,良性肿瘤异型性小,而恶性肿瘤异型性明显,异型性主要表现在(  )。", "options": {"A": "瘤细胞的多形性", "B": "瘤细胞胞浆多呈嗜碱性", "C": "肿瘤排列紊乱", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "糖尿病患者高渗性昏迷抢救宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "胰岛素静脉注射", "B": "格列齐特口服", "C": "罗格列酮口服", "D": "瑞格列奈口服"}, "answer": "胰岛素静脉注射", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "区分胃幽门与十二指肠的解剖标志是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃冠状静脉", "B": "胃网膜右动脉", "C": "幽门前静脉", "D": "胃十二指肠动脉"}, "answer": "幽门前静脉", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "DIC应用肝素治疗的主要作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "增加AT-Ⅲ的含量", "B": "中和血小板第3因子", "C": "抑制凝血活酶、凝血酶的形成", "D": "增加Ⅷ因子活性"}, "answer": "抑制凝血活酶、凝血酶的形成", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一食堂,就餐者用餐1小时后,陆续出现唇、指甲以及全身皮肤青紫等症状。2.应采取何种措施进行急救?(  )", "options": {"A": "洗胃,导泻", "B": "洗胃,导泻,灌肠", "C": "静脉注射亚甲蓝", "D": "洗胃,灌肠,导泻,静脉注射维生素C和亚甲蓝"}, "answer": "洗胃,灌肠,导泻,静脉注射维生素C和亚甲蓝", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.开具急诊处方,其药物用量一般不超过的日数是(  )。", "options": {"A": "10日", "B": "3日", "C": "5日", "D": "7日"}, "answer": "3日", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "噬菌体在分类上属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "原虫", "B": "病毒", "C": "支原体", "D": "真菌"}, "answer": "病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,56岁。乏力,食欲不振、恶心、消瘦1个月。乙型肝炎病史10年。查体:皮肤、巩膜无黄染,腹软,剑突下压痛,肝肋下3cm,可触及质硬的结节,Murphy征阴性,移动性浊音阳性。2.为进一步查明肝脏结节的大小与位置,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "PET-CT检查", "B": "MRI检查", "C": "B超检查", "D": "肝动脉造影"}, "answer": "B超检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "经产妇,26岁。妊娠37周,晨起发现阴道流血,无明显腹痛,检查有宫缩,查体子宫大小大于孕周数,胎心存在。3.本例最适合的处置措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阴道分娩", "B": "行剖宫产术", "C": "引产", "D": "静滴缩宫素"}, "answer": "行剖宫产术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某男,53岁,2周前因突发心前区压榨样疼痛而入院,经心电图检查诊断为急性前壁心肌梗死,治疗后病情较平稳。1天前夜间突然发作剧烈咳嗽,并伴以憋气而醒转,患者平卧时感翻气急难忍,不得不采取坐位,且咳出粉红色泡沫样痰。诊断:急性左心衰。请问,除给予吸氧及强心、利尿、扩血管等治疗外,重要的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "罗通定", "B": "哌替啶", "C": "消炎痛", "D": "吗啡"}, "answer": "吗啡", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者突然意识丧失,全身抽搐,面色发绀,口吐白沫,小便失禁,5~6分钟后意识逐渐清醒。可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癔症", "B": "舞蹈病", "C": "癫痫", "D": "震颤麻痹"}, "answer": "癫痫", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "增殖型肠结核患者不经常出现的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹泻", "B": "便秘", "C": "腹痛", "D": "发热"}, "answer": "腹泻", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肺有效的通气量是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺活量", "B": "用力呼气量", "C": "肺泡通气量", "D": "用力肺活量"}, "answer": "肺泡通气量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪一项检查对确诊冠心病心绞痛最有价值?(  )", "options": {"A": "动态心电图", "B": "心电图", "C": "心电图踏车运动负荷试验", "D": "运动核素心肌显像"}, "answer": "运动核素心肌显像", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,55岁。大量饮酒十余年,停止喝酒后2天出现走路不稳、四肢震颤,看到床上有鱼、虾在跳,分不清方向,判断不了时间。头颅CT无异常。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑器质性精神障碍", "B": "酒精性痴呆", "C": "震颤谵妄", "D": "精神分裂分裂症"}, "answer": "酒精性痴呆", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "臀先露孕妇于妊娠26周来院就诊,应采取的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "暂不需处理", "B": "左侧卧位", "C": "外转胎位术", "D": "胸膝卧位"}, "answer": "暂不需处理", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.双颞侧异向偏盲是(  )。", "options": {"A": "视束病变", "B": "视交叉中部病变", "C": "视放射部分病变", "D": "枕叶病变"}, "answer": "视交叉中部病变", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "按照临床诊疗道德的最优化原则,医务人员不需要考虑的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "患者的地位", "B": "医疗安全", "C": "医疗效果", "D": "医疗费用"}, "answer": "患者的地位", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不属于ACEI作用机制的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使血液及组织中的ATⅡ水平下降", "B": "使醛固酮的分泌减少", "C": "拮抗ATⅡ受体", "D": "具有抗交感神经作用"}, "answer": "拮抗ATⅡ受体", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在临床医学研究中,对待受试者的正确做法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对受试者的负担不可以过分强调", "B": "对受试者的负担和受益要公平分配", "C": "需要特别关照参加试验的重点人群的负担", "D": "对参加试验的弱势人群的权益可以不必太考虑"}, "answer": "对受试者的负担和受益要公平分配", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "7个月患儿,发热3天,体温39~40℃,流涕,轻咳。查体:一般情况好,除咽部充血外,未见其他异常。一直服用中药治疗,近日热退,因皮肤出现红色斑丘疹而就诊。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "水痘", "B": "麻疹", "C": "猩红热", "D": "幼儿急疹"}, "answer": "幼儿急疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "髋关节脱位的最常见类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "后脱位", "B": "中心型脱位", "C": "合并髋臼骨折的脱位", "D": "合并股骨头骨折的脱位"}, "answer": "后脱位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,32岁。两年来月经量多,乏力、心悸。检查面色较苍白。血红蛋白70g/L,白细胞8×l09/L,血小板110×109/L,血清铁300μg/L,治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "输血", "B": "硫酸亚铁口服", "C": "右旋糖酐铁肌注", "D": "肾上腺糖皮质激素"}, "answer": "硫酸亚铁口服", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于断肢再植,下列哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "断肢平面越低,术后反应越轻", "B": "断肢时间越短,术后存活机会越大", "C": "断肢保存良好者,术后存活的可能性大", "D": "断肢保存温度越高,再植成活的机会越大"}, "answer": "断肢保存温度越高,再植成活的机会越大", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某患者到省人民医院就医发生药品不良反应,需要报告的部门是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医学会", "B": "省级人民法院", "C": "省级人民政府执法部门", "D": "省级药品监督管理部门和卫生行政部门"}, "answer": "省级药品监督管理部门和卫生行政部门", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性乙型肝炎患者,因过劳出现乏力,腹胀,尿色加深,肝肋下1.0cm、质中等,脾侧触0.5cm,ALT300U/L,Bil80μmol/L,应考虑诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝炎后肝硬化", "B": "慢性活动性肝炎乙型", "C": "慢性迁延性肝炎乙型", "D": "慢性重型肝炎"}, "answer": "慢性活动性肝炎乙型", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "45岁女患者,车祸头部受伤,伤后即昏迷,1小时后入院时,中度昏迷,右侧瞳孔散大,光反射消失,左上下肢病理征(+)。3.根本治疗措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脱水治疗", "B": "止血,预防感染治疗", "C": "气管切开", "D": "血肿清除术"}, "answer": "血肿清除术", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,27岁。急刹车致使方向盘挤压上腹部14小时,上腹部、腰部及右肩疼痛,持续性,伴恶心、呕吐。查体:体温38.4℃,上腹部肌紧张明显,有压痛,反跳痛不明显,无移动性浊音,肠鸣音存在,怀疑胰腺损伤。1.对明确诊断帮助不大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CT", "B": "血细胞比容", "C": "尿淀粉酶", "D": "血淀粉酶"}, "answer": "血细胞比容", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.结核菌可(  )。", "options": {"A": "引起Ⅰ型超敏反应", "B": "引起Ⅱ型超敏反应", "C": "引起Ⅲ型超敏反应", "D": "引起Ⅳ型超敏反应"}, "answer": "引起Ⅳ型超敏反应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,23岁。外阴瘙痒、白带增多5天。有不洁性交史。妇科检查:外阴皮肤黏膜充血,小阴唇内侧见多个小菜花状赘生物,宫颈光滑,子宫正常大,附件无异常。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋病", "B": "梅毒", "C": "尖锐湿疣", "D": "外阴阴道念珠菌病"}, "answer": "尖锐湿疣", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "65岁,女性。多食多尿20天,体重由55kg降为45kg,空腹血糖7.8mmol/L,餐后血糖12.4mmol/L,尿糖(++),尿酮(-),怎样治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "饮食疗法", "B": "双胍类", "C": "磺脲类", "D": "胰岛素"}, "answer": "胰岛素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "婴儿腹泻病为了纠正循环衰竭和改善肾血流,扩容阶段正确应用2:1等张含钠液的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "20ml/kg,于30~60分钟内静脉快速滴注", "B": "20ml/kg,每小时8~10ml/kg静脉滴注", "C": "20ml/kg,8~12小时静滴完", "D": "立即皮下注射,20ml/kg"}, "answer": "20ml/kg,于30~60分钟内静脉快速滴注", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "甲状腺滤泡旁细胞(又称C细胞)分泌的降钙素的作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维持糖、蛋白、脂肪正常的代谢", "B": "促进机体的正常生长发育", "C": "保持机体各系统、器官的生理功能", "D": "抑制骨髓的吸收"}, "answer": "抑制骨髓的吸收", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "若一年轻的嵌顿疝患者术中探查发现肿物为嵌顿的小肠且肠管已发黑坏死,正确的处理措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "坏死肠段外置术", "B": "坏死肠段切除,肠吻合术,疝囊高位结扎术", "C": "肠切除、肠吻合术、Bassini修补术", "D": "切开疝环,回纳肠管后行Bassini修补术"}, "answer": "坏死肠段切除,肠吻合术,疝囊高位结扎术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,25岁,无意中发现右乳腺上方无痛性肿物,诊断为乳腺纤维腺瘤。应采取的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中医中药治疗", "B": "择期手术", "C": "限期手术", "D": "口服三苯氧胺治疗"}, "answer": "择期手术", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有关糖尿病的诊断正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "三多一少症状是诊断糖尿病必须具备的条件", "B": "尿糖检查一定阳性", "C": "空腹血糖不一定升高", "D": "所有病人都需行糖耐量试验诊断"}, "answer": "空腹血糖不一定升高", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,男,3岁,l周前无明显诱因发热,流泪、畏光,当地医院疑“上呼吸道感染”给予口服抗生素,4天后患儿病情加重,咳嗽,出现皮疹,今日来我院。体检见皮肤红色斑丘疹,双肺闻及湿啰音。诊断:麻疹合并肺炎。1.下列哪项是麻疹出疹的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "自耳后、颈部沿发际边缘出疹渐及躯干、四肢,3日出齐", "B": "皮疹见于面部、躯干及四肢、形态多样", "C": "红色斑丘疹,颈及躯干部多见,1日出齐,次日消退", "D": "自面部出疹渐及躯干、四肢,1日内遍及全身"}, "answer": "自耳后、颈部沿发际边缘出疹渐及躯干、四肢,3日出齐", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4岁男孩,自1岁起出现青紫,逐渐加重,哭闹时明显,有昏厥、抽搐史,喜蹲踞。体检:胸骨左缘第3肋间有2/6级收缩期喷射性杂音,P2减弱,有杵状指。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "动脉导管未闭", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "肺动脉狭窄"}, "answer": "法洛四联症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于梅毒螺旋体的生物学特性,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "菌体有致密而规则的螺旋", "B": "两端尖直", "C": "有鞭毛", "D": "不能在人工培养基上生长"}, "answer": "有鞭毛", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪项是矽肺最常见的合并症?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺脓肿", "B": "肺心病", "C": "胸膜间皮瘤", "D": "肺结核"}, "answer": "肺结核", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不符合浅Ⅱ度烧伤的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1~2周创面愈合", "B": "创面疼痛迟钝", "C": "有水泡,创面基底潮红", "D": "愈后无瘢痕,短期内可有色素沉着"}, "answer": "创面疼痛迟钝", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "婴幼儿易患上呼吸道感染主要因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸道粘膜缺少SIgA", "B": "呼吸频率快", "C": "呈腹式呼吸", "D": "鼻腔短小,狭窄,粘膜血管丰富"}, "answer": "鼻腔短小,狭窄,粘膜血管丰富", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "进行底物磷酸化的反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙酮酸→乙酰辅酶A", "B": "琥珀酰CoA→琥珀酸", "C": "葡萄糖→6一磷酸葡萄糖", "D": "3-磷酸甘油醛→1,3-二磷酸甘油醛"}, "answer": "琥珀酰CoA→琥珀酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某男,64岁,患脑梗塞多年。长期口服华法林6mg/日,近日由于接触过开放性肺结核患者,为预防感染,口服异烟肼300mg/日,结果出现口腔、皮肤黏膜多处出血点,其原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "异烟肼引起出血", "B": "结核杆菌感染", "C": "异烟肼抑制肝药酶,华法林代谢减弱", "D": "异烟肼造成维生素B6缺乏而致"}, "answer": "异烟肼抑制肝药酶,华法林代谢减弱", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪项是慢性胃溃疡最常见的合并症?(  )", "options": {"A": "癌变", "B": "出血", "C": "粘连", "D": "幽门狭窄"}, "answer": "出血", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肝性脑病的脑性毒物中。下列哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "γ-氨基丁酸", "B": "中链脂肪酸", "C": "芳香族氨基酸", "D": "氨"}, "answer": "中链脂肪酸", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于醛固酮的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主要作用于近球小管", "B": "能促进钠的重吸收和钾的分泌", "C": "血钾降低或血钠升高刺激其分泌", "D": "肾素分泌减少时可引起其分泌增加"}, "answer": "能促进钠的重吸收和钾的分泌", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.柯萨奇病毒感染人体引发糖尿病的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋巴细胞的多克隆激活", "B": "表位扩展", "C": "分子模拟", "D": "自身抗原的改变"}, "answer": "分子模拟", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有一产妇,在分娩过程中大量出血,导致严重贫血。该患者血型为AB型Rh阴性,医院血库及血站无该血型的血液,应如何处理?(  )", "options": {"A": "输入A型血", "B": "输入O型血", "C": "配合型输血", "D": "大量输液"}, "answer": "配合型输血", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是再次应答最主要的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "IgG的亲和力没变化", "B": "IgG大量产生", "C": "IgG与IgM的产生量相似", "D": "IgM产生量大"}, "answer": "IgG大量产生", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以下不是肺血栓栓塞症体征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发绀", "B": "肺部湿啰音", "C": "心动过速", "D": "频发期前收缩"}, "answer": "频发期前收缩", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "交感神经兴奋时可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "瞳孔缩小", "B": "消化道括约肌舒张", "C": "孕妇的子宫平滑肌收缩", "D": "支气管平滑肌收缩"}, "answer": "孕妇的子宫平滑肌收缩", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "高血压伴有肾功不全者最好选用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氢氯噻嗪", "B": "卡托普利", "C": "胍乙啶", "D": "哌唑嗪"}, "answer": "卡托普利", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1mol葡萄糖彻底氧化与糖酵解产生的ATP的摩尔数之比是(  )。", "options": {"A": "25", "B": "19", "C": "12", "D": "4"}, "answer": "19", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "生育过严重缺陷患儿的妇女再次妊娠前,夫妻双方应到什么机构接受医学检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "卫生防疫机构", "B": "卫生行政部门", "C": "医疗保健机构", "D": "个体诊所"}, "answer": "医疗保健机构", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "疱疹性咽峡炎的最常见的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "副流感病毒", "B": "柯萨奇病毒", "C": "单纯疱疹病毒", "D": "腺病毒"}, "answer": "柯萨奇病毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,l6岁,因患肺炎,给予青霉素治疗。经青霉素皮试为(一)。随即肌内注射青霉素,但注射后立即出现面色苍白,全身湿冷,血压测不到,此时应给何药进行紧急处置?(  )", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素", "B": "间羟胺", "C": "苯海拉明", "D": "异丙嗪"}, "answer": "肾上腺素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.阴囊包块,透光试验阳性,平卧后消失,多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "睾丸鞘膜积液", "B": "精索鞘膜积液", "C": "交通性鞘膜积液", "D": "睾丸肿瘤"}, "answer": "交通性鞘膜积液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,28岁。进行性背痛半年,下肢乏力,食欲减退。查体:T 37.8℃,P 90次/分,R 18次/分,BP 100/60mmHg,未见皮疹,双肺呼吸音情,未闻及干湿性啰音,心律齐,未闻及杂音,腹软,无肌紧张,移动性浊音阴性,胸椎后凸,有叩痛。X线片示:第6、7胸椎间隙变窄,椎旁软组织阴影增宽。实验室检查:血常规:Hb 118g/L, WBC 7.0×109/L,L 0.40,PLT 112×109/L,ESR 60mm/h。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸椎结核", "B": "化脓性脊椎炎", "C": "胸椎间盘突出症", "D": "胸椎血管瘤"}, "answer": "胸椎结核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.活化为浆细胞产生抗体的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "Mφ", "B": "B", "C": "NK", "D": "嗜酸粒细胞"}, "answer": "B", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.仅糖异生需要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶", "B": "丙酮酸激酶", "C": "6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶", "D": "果糖双磷酸酶-1"}, "answer": "果糖双磷酸酶-1", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "常见的癫痫持续状态系指(  )。", "options": {"A": "一侧肢体抽搐不止", "B": "抽搐频繁发作,发作间期意识不清", "C": "精神运动性发作持续数日", "D": "连续小发作"}, "answer": "抽搐频繁发作,发作间期意识不清", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,30岁,跌倒时手掌撑地肩外展外旋,出现肩痛,肿胀,活动受限,查体Dugas征阳性。该病人肩部的畸形是(  )。", "options": {"A": "屈曲内收,内旋", "B": "方肩", "C": "肩过度后伸", "D": "肩过度膨隆"}, "answer": "方肩", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于铁的摄入,最好的食物来源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "豆类", "B": "蔬菜、水果", "C": "动物肝脏", "D": "奶及奶制品"}, "answer": "动物肝脏", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,28岁,农民,因发热4天于1月30日住院。患者感腰痛、头痛、眼痛,曾呕吐过2次。查:T 38.2℃,BP 54/30mmHg,两眼及面部充血潮红,两腋下有散在帽针头大小出血点。血WBC18.2×109/L,Hb 175g/L,血小板50×109/L,尿蛋白(+++)。该患者最可能处于肾综合征出血热的哪一期(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热期", "B": "多尿期", "C": "少尿期", "D": "低血压休克期"}, "answer": "低血压休克期", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.出生后8个月应该接种(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹疫苗", "B": "脊髓灰质炎三联疫苗", "C": "百日咳、白喉、破伤风混合制剂", "D": "卡介苗"}, "answer": "麻疹疫苗", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,50岁。入睡困难,多梦易醒1个月,每周至少3次,同时感到精力疲乏,工作效率下降,对睡眠产生恐惧感,担心免疫力下降,否认情绪低落和消极观念。2.对该患者应选择的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯巴比妥", "B": "艾司唑仑", "C": "氟西汀", "D": "喹硫平"}, "answer": "艾司唑仑", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "大循环的动脉栓塞,栓子主要来自(  )。", "options": {"A": "左心", "B": "右心", "C": "下肢深静脉", "D": "主动脉瘤"}, "answer": "左心", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,26岁,肥胖、头痛伴闭经1年半,查体:血压180/110mmHg,向心性肥胖,满月脸,皮肤薄,有痤疮,腹壁有宽大紫纹,下肢胫前可凹性水肿。为明确库欣综合征,拟检查的项目为(  )。", "options": {"A": "血浆皮质醇", "B": "尿游离皮质醇", "C": "血皮质醇昼夜节律", "D": "大剂量地塞米松抑制试验"}, "answer": "尿游离皮质醇", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "葡萄糖的跨膜转运方式有(  )。", "options": {"A": "易化扩散", "B": "易化扩散和主动转运", "C": "主动转运", "D": "入胞作用"}, "answer": "易化扩散和主动转运", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "实施脑死亡标准的直接伦理目的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "减轻家属的身心痛苦", "B": "促进人体器官移植", "C": "维护死者的尊严", "D": "节约卫生资源"}, "answer": "维护死者的尊严", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,23岁。妊娠22周胎动消失2天。B超检查:胎心消失无胎动,目前适宜处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "剖宫产", "B": "给予破膜后清宫", "C": "利凡诺尔腔内引产", "D": "等待自然流产"}, "answer": "利凡诺尔腔内引产", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,65岁。诊断2型糖尿病1年,饮食运动控制,检测空腹血糖7.5mmoI/L,餐后2h血糖11.4mmoI/L。既往体健。查体身高160cm,体重70kg,心肺查体未见异常。1.其降血糖药首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "格列本脲", "B": "二甲双胍", "C": "格列吡嗪", "D": "阿卡波糖"}, "answer": "二甲双胍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪一项检查结果不符合Graves症的诊断?(  )", "options": {"A": "L抑制试验抑制率>50%", "B": "TSH降低", "C": "TSAb阳性", "D": "rT3升高"}, "answer": "L抑制试验抑制率>50%", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "40岁,男性,5天前入院,诊为肾综合征出血热,近日尿量增多3000ml/d,今晨自述乏力、腹胀、心慌,此种情况同下述哪一种原因关系最大(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾功不全", "B": "低血糖", "C": "低血钾", "D": "脱水"}, "answer": "低血钾", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,72岁,银行职员,高中文化,3年前开始记忆力下降,逐渐加重,刚吃完饭就忘记,说没吃饭,记不住孙子的名字,把子女错认为别人,远记忆力尚可,经常吵闹要回原来家,有时焦虑,简单计算均可,复杂计算力差,在家乱翻东西,自己存折忘记放在什么地方,找不到认为被女儿偷去,躯体及神经系统检查无明显异常。2.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "老年性痴呆", "B": "脑肿瘤", "C": "人格改变", "D": "抑郁症"}, "answer": "老年性痴呆", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.CM的作用(  )。", "options": {"A": "运送内源性TG", "B": "运送外源性TG", "C": "蛋白质含量最高", "D": "与冠状动脉粥样硬化的发生率呈负相关"}, "answer": "运送外源性TG", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初孕妇,25岁。妊娠37周,剧烈头痛并呕吐,并自觉胎动少,血压BP 160/110mmHg,尿蛋白(++),胎心130次/分,子宫颈管未消失,OCT呈频繁晚期减速(迟发性减速),血细胞比容0.41。最合适的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硫酸镁加降压加扩容疗法控制病情", "B": "积极治疗48小时未能控制病情则行剖宫产", "C": "破膜加静滴缩宫素引产", "D": "积极药物治疗的同时立即剖宫产"}, "answer": "积极药物治疗的同时立即剖宫产", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "化脓性脑膜炎合并硬膜下积液的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "加大地塞米松剂量", "B": "加大青霉素剂量", "C": "应做硬膜下穿刺放液", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "应做硬膜下穿刺放液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对明确支气管扩张咯血患者出血部位最有价值的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管动脉造影", "B": "肺动脉造影", "C": "支气管镜", "D": "胸部X线片"}, "answer": "支气管动脉造影", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "球管平衡是(  )。", "options": {"A": "近球小管对滤过液的重吸收率为65%~70%", "B": "肾小管的重吸收率为65%~70%", "C": "肾小球滤过率等于肾小管重吸收率", "D": "远曲小管重吸收率等于肾小球滤过率"}, "answer": "近球小管对滤过液的重吸收率为65%~70%", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男性,1岁,因化脓性脑膜炎住院治疗,按正规治疗1周,体温正常3天,精神转好。1天来发热、呕吐,哭闹不止,前囟紧张,考虑出现了(  )。", "options": {"A": "并发“上呼吸道感染”", "B": "并发硬膜下积液", "C": "化脑恶化", "D": "药物热"}, "answer": "并发硬膜下积液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.体循环血量增多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "室间隔缺损", "B": "主动脉缩窄", "C": "法洛四联征", "D": "动脉导管未闭"}, "answer": "法洛四联征", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,25岁。受凉后咳嗽,咳少量黏液脓痰,伴发热,右侧胸痛并右肩及右上腹痛。查体:体温39.2℃,脉搏106次/分,呼吸25次/分。右侧胸廓呼吸动度减弱,语颤增强,右肺下叩诊浊音,可听到支气管呼吸音并有响亮的中等湿啰音;血常规化验:白细胞15×109/L。1.对该患者诊断最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心电图检查", "B": "腹部超声检查", "C": "PET", "D": "胸部X线"}, "answer": "胸部X线", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,68岁。陈旧性前壁心肌梗死5年,劳累后心悸、气短3年,双下肢水肿半年。近1周气短加重.体力活动明显受限,从事一般家务活动即感喘憋,入院时心电图与2个月前相比无变化。该患者的心功能分级为(  )。", "options": {"A": "NYHA分级Ⅱ级", "B": "NYHA分级Ⅲ级", "C": "Killip分级Ⅱ级", "D": "Killip分级Ⅲ级"}, "answer": "NYHA分级Ⅲ级", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于噻嗪类利尿药,哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "能升高血糖", "B": "利尿作用不受肾小球滤过作用的影响", "C": "能升高血浆尿酸浓度", "D": "能抑制碳酸酐酶"}, "answer": "利尿作用不受肾小球滤过作用的影响", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.原发性醛固酮增多症(  )。", "options": {"A": "ACTH升高", "B": "醛固酮升高", "C": "尿VMA(+)", "D": "T3、T4升高"}, "answer": "醛固酮升高", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "妊娠高血压综合征的基本病变为(  )。", "options": {"A": "水钠严重潴留", "B": "慢性弥散性血管内凝血", "C": "急性肾衰竭", "D": "全身小动脉痉挛"}, "answer": "全身小动脉痉挛", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "门静脉高压症手术治疗最主要的目的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消除脾功能亢进", "B": "治疗食管胃底静脉破裂出血", "C": "降低门静脉压力以减少腹水", "D": "增加门静脉向肝灌注血流以减少肝性脑病的发生"}, "answer": "治疗食管胃底静脉破裂出血", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,12岁,水肿、少尿、血尿1个月余,病情加重1周,发病前10余日曾患“上呼吸道感染”,近1周尿极少,腹胀、乏力、恶心。查体:全身高度水肿,血压140/110mmHg,双肺有湿啰音。尿常规:红细胞15~20个/HP,蛋白质(++),颗粒管型1或2爪/HP。血尿素氮22.8mmol/L,血清蛋白21g/L。胆固醇6.9mmol/L。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急进性肾炎", "B": "急性肾炎", "C": "肾炎性肾病", "D": "慢性肾炎"}, "answer": "急进性肾炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "风疹与麻疹的主要鉴别点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呈充血性斑丘疹", "B": "皮疹一日出齐", "C": "全身症状轻", "D": "外周血WBC减少"}, "answer": "皮疹一日出齐", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,66岁。右髋部疼痛,活动受限半年余。2年前因右股骨颈骨折行空心钉内固定治疗。查体:右髋关节内旋和外旋受限。X线检查示右股骨头负重区出现新月征、囊性变。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "股骨颈骨折不愈合", "B": "股骨头缺血性坏死", "C": "髋关节结核", "D": "类风湿关节炎"}, "answer": "股骨头缺血性坏死", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.动物免疫血清的除菌宜采用(  )。", "options": {"A": "高压蒸汽灭菌", "B": "干烤", "C": "滤过除菌", "D": "煮沸消毒"}, "answer": "滤过除菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,38岁。接触性出血半年。妇科检查:外阴、阴道无异常,宫颈轻度压痛,触之易出血。子宫正常大小,双侧附件未触及异常。3.如为宫颈上皮内瘤变Ⅲ级,宜采取的处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "放射治疗", "B": "化学治疗", "C": "宫颈锥形切除术", "D": "随访观察"}, "answer": "宫颈锥形切除术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.重症肌无力患者体内有(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗乙酰胆碱受体的自身抗体", "B": "RF因子", "C": "抗TSH受体的抗体", "D": "HLA抗原"}, "answer": "抗乙酰胆碱受体的自身抗体", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,32岁,发现心脏杂音10年。查体:心尖部可闻及柔和的舒张早中期杂音,胸骨左缘第3、4肋间可闻及舒张期叹气样杂音向心尖部传导。该患者典型临床表现还应该包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "脉压增大", "B": "双颊紫红", "C": "左肺湿啰音", "D": "咯血"}, "answer": "脉压增大", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.病人感到自己的身体不由自主地由外力操纵,该症状属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "言语运动性幻觉", "B": "被控制感", "C": "错觉", "D": "听幻觉"}, "answer": "被控制感", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不属于细菌性阴道病诊断标准的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阴道pH>4.5", "B": "匀质稀薄白带", "C": "胺臭味试验阳性", "D": "挖空细胞阳性"}, "answer": "挖空细胞阳性", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "原发综合征X线所见为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺尖部浸润性病灶", "B": "肺尖部渗出病灶,肺门淋巴结团块状阴影及两者之间的索条状阴影", "C": "肺尖部钙化灶及肺门淋巴结团块状影", "D": "肺中下野渗出病灶,肺门淋巴结团块状阴影及两者之间索条状影"}, "answer": "肺中下野渗出病灶,肺门淋巴结团块状阴影及两者之间索条状影", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,40岁。半月前头痛,恶心,呕吐2次,伴低热,问话不答。独自发呆,卧床不起,抽搐2次。查体:血压140/90mmHg,下肢肌张力增高,右侧巴氏征(+)。脑电图:弥漫性σ波,以额颞叶为主,有阵发性尖波发放。2.首选的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑MRI", "B": "心电图", "C": "脑脊液", "D": "智能测试"}, "answer": "脑脊液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.痈的致病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "拟杆菌", "B": "绿脓杆菌", "C": "β-溶血性链球菌", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,42岁,近4个月常于清晨出现精神症状伴饥饿感,进食后缓解,体重增加4kg。今晨被家人发现神志不清送来急诊。查血糖1.8mmol/L,静脉注射葡萄糖溶液后逐渐清醒。低血糖最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "长期营养不良", "B": "肾上腺皮质功能减退症", "C": "胰岛素瘤", "D": "2型糖尿病"}, "answer": "胰岛素瘤", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于子宫颈的解剖学描述,下列哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "子宫颈分为阴道上部和阴道部", "B": "宫颈管粘膜上皮在组织学内口处由柱状上皮变为鳞状上皮", "C": "宫颈粘膜上皮有分泌粘液功能", "D": "青春期宫颈宫体之比为1:2"}, "answer": "宫颈管粘膜上皮在组织学内口处由柱状上皮变为鳞状上皮", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "介导Ⅰ型超敏反应的免疫球蛋白是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgA", "B": "IgD", "C": "IgE", "D": "IgM"}, "answer": "IgE", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "随境转移主要见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "躁狂症", "C": "脑器质性精神障碍", "D": "精神发育迟滞"}, "answer": "躁狂症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,8岁。右足底被铁锈钉刺伤12天,出现张口困难,继之出现苦笑面容,角弓反张,声响及触碰病人可诱发上述症状,神志清楚,无发热。3.对病人威胁最大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌肉断裂", "B": "骨折", "C": "营养障碍", "D": "持续的呼吸肌痉挛"}, "answer": "持续的呼吸肌痉挛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "标记技术中最敏感的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "荧光标记法", "B": "酶标记法", "C": "同位素标记法", "D": "胶体金标记法"}, "answer": "同位素标记法", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.近球小管重吸收率始终占肾小球滤过率一定比例的现象称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球滤过率", "B": "滤过分数", "C": "血浆清除率", "D": "球—管平衡"}, "answer": "球—管平衡", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.正常成人口腔温度的范围是(  )。", "options": {"A": "35~36℃", "B": "36.7~37.7℃", "C": "36.9~37.9℃", "D": "38.5~38.9℃"}, "answer": "36.7~37.7℃", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿出生1天,足月顺产,24小时内出现黄疸,嗜睡,吸吮无力,肝脾肿大较轻。1.此患儿诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿肝炎", "B": "生理性黄疸", "C": "新生儿溶血症", "D": "胆道闭锁"}, "answer": "新生儿溶血症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.医疗事故(  )。", "options": {"A": "医务人员疏忽大意违反卫生法律相关规定,给患者造成明显人身伤害", "B": "为避免患者的生命健康利益受到损害,医疗机构或医务人员自愿为患者提供医疗服务的行为", "C": "医务人员受患者的委托或其他原因,对患者实施诊断、治疗等医疗行为所形成的关系", "D": "医患之间就医疗某环节产生认识上的分歧,且患方提出损害赔偿"}, "answer": "医务人员疏忽大意违反卫生法律相关规定,给患者造成明显人身伤害", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "根据《母婴保健法》的规定,医师在出现何种产前诊断结果时,应当向夫妻双方说明情况,并提出终止妊娠的医学意见(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎儿患有严重遗传性疾病", "B": "胎儿有一般性缺陷", "C": "胎儿患有遗传性疾病", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "胎儿患有严重遗传性疾病", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.IgE的转换因子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IL-1", "B": "IL-2", "C": "IL-4", "D": "IL-5"}, "answer": "IL-4", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪种免疫作用在无抗体存在时仍可发生(  )。", "options": {"A": "ADCC效应", "B": "免疫调理作用", "C": "免疫黏附作用", "D": "中和病毒作用"}, "answer": "免疫黏附作用", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,63岁,间断咳嗽15年,活动后气短3年。咳嗽、咳痰伴呼吸困难加重1周入院。查体:半卧位,口唇发绀,双肺可闻及干湿性啰音,动脉血气分析示:pH 7.32,PaCO2 46mmHg,PaO2 52mmHg。下述氧疗和呼吸支持治疗措施中,应首选的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "面罩高浓度给氧", "B": "持续低浓度吸氧", "C": "机械通气", "D": "无创通气"}, "answer": "持续低浓度吸氧", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.县级以上人民政府其他部门(  )。", "options": {"A": "承担传染病监测、预测、流行病学调查、疫情报告以及其他预防控制工作", "B": "承担与医疗救治有关的传染病防治工作和责任区域内的传染源隔离预防工作", "C": "在各自的职责范围内负责传染病防治工作", "D": "主管全国传染病防治及其监督管理工作"}, "answer": "在各自的职责范围内负责传染病防治工作", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "塞里认为,在应激源持续作用下,出现一般性的长期躯体反应称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "应激反应综合征", "B": "特殊反应综合征", "C": "一般适应综合征", "D": "以上都不对"}, "answer": "一般适应综合征", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "发生大气道狭窄的患者体格检查时,出现的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "三凹征", "B": "胸水", "C": "双肺湿啰音", "D": "桶状胸"}, "answer": "三凹征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪一项指标对诊断原发性甲状腺功能低减最为敏感?(  )", "options": {"A": "TT3", "B": "TT4", "C": "FT4", "D": "sTSH"}, "answer": "sTSH", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,73岁,发热、咳嗽、咳痰10天,神志不清1天,急诊入院。发病以来纳差,尿量不少。有高血压、糖尿病史。体检:T 37.5℃,BP 120/80 mmHg,R 24次/分。昏迷,皮肤于燥,双下肺较多湿啰音。WBC 12×109/L,分叶76%。1.首先应进行的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿糖及酮体", "B": "血电解质", "C": "血气", "D": "胸片"}, "answer": "尿糖及酮体", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.细胞受刺激而兴奋时,膜内电位负值减小称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "极化", "B": "去极化", "C": "复极化", "D": "超极化"}, "answer": "去极化", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "10天男婴,足月顺产,母乳喂养,家长为预防小儿佝偻病的发生,来医院咨询。2.小儿有以下哪些表现应考虑有佝偻病的早期表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "有方颅或乒乓头", "B": "精神萎靡", "C": "睡眠不实,多汗,易惊", "D": "抽搐或手足搐搦"}, "answer": "睡眠不实,多汗,易惊", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "大脑中动脉皮质支闭塞后引起的对侧偏瘫有什么特点(  )。", "options": {"A": "不伴有颅神经瘫痪", "B": "为均等性轻偏瘫", "C": "偏瘫以下肢较轻", "D": "上下肢均为0级瘫"}, "answer": "偏瘫以下肢较轻", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于基础代谢率的理解,错误的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "不是人体最低的能量代谢", "B": "正常范围是不超过正常均值的±(10%~15%)", "C": "幼年高于成年", "D": "与体重有一定的比例关系"}, "answer": "与体重有一定的比例关系", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,24岁,一小时前右手拇指近端被刀完全切断,清创后,应按哪个顺序进行再植手术?(  )", "options": {"A": "固定骨骼→修复神经、肌腱", "B": "吻合动静脉→固定骨骼→修复肌腱", "C": "固定骨骼→修复肌腱→吻合动静脉→修复神经→闭合创口", "D": "修复肌腱→固定骨骼→修复神经→吻合动静脉→闭合创口"}, "answer": "固定骨骼→修复肌腱→吻合动静脉→修复神经→闭合创口", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,25岁,妊娠15周,近日出现全身粟粒大小红色丘疹,伴耳后淋巴结肿大,印象诊断是风疹。该病最严重的危害是(  )。", "options": {"A": "诱发肿瘤形成", "B": "激活潜伏感染", "C": "造成免疫低下", "D": "导致胎儿畸形"}, "answer": "导致胎儿畸形", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.以上是帕金森病病损的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小脑", "B": "黑质-纹状体", "C": "枕叶", "D": "中央前回"}, "answer": "黑质-纹状体", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲氨蝶呤", "B": "阿糖胞苷", "C": "别嘌呤醇", "D": "6-巯基嘌呤"}, "answer": "别嘌呤醇", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,50岁。因胃溃疡合并多次大出血,行胃大部切除术,该患者术后5天出现胃出血。3.如果患者发生残胃癌,时间至少超过术后(  )。", "options": {"A": "15年", "B": "3年", "C": "4年", "D": "5年"}, "answer": "5年", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "缺乏维生素B12与缺乏叶酸所致的巨幼细胞性贫血,不同点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "贫血程度", "B": "肝脾肿大程度", "C": "骨髓象", "D": "精神神经症状"}, "answer": "精神神经症状", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.有左室流出道梗阻的肥厚型心肌病(  )。", "options": {"A": "患者血压明显升高。体检:血压200/130mmHg(26.6/16.9kPa),眼底出血渗出、视盘水肿。实验室报告:肾功能不全", "B": "患者血压明显升高,伴有剧烈头痛、呕吐、抽搐", "C": "患者平日有心悸、胸痛,劳力时气促,起立或运动时眩晕。体检:胸骨左缘第3~4肋间可闻及较粗糙的喷射性收缩期杂音,屏气时杂音增强", "D": "患者气急、端坐呼吸。体检:心脏扩大,听诊可闻及第四心音奔马律,双下肢水肿,超声心动图示左心室明显"}, "answer": "患者平日有心悸、胸痛,劳力时气促,起立或运动时眩晕。体检:胸骨左缘第3~4肋间可闻及较粗糙的喷射性收缩期杂音,屏气时杂音增强", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "预防肾综合征出血热,下述哪一项是关键性措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "防鼠、灭鼠", "B": "预防接种", "C": "防螨、灭螨", "D": "防止皮肤破损"}, "answer": "防鼠、灭鼠", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一个新生婴儿接种卡介苗后4周,家属发现接种部位出现0.7cm的红肿浸润,是因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "接种部位发生感染", "B": "疫苗接种成功", "C": "疫苗接种不成功", "D": "有必要时应该切开排脓"}, "answer": "疫苗接种成功", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某医师给住院患者开具了药物医嘱后,很快发现自己的医嘱有误,但判断其不会给患者造成严重后果。此时该医师的最佳做法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "失误不会造成严重后果,可隐瞒以避免纠纷", "B": "不告知患者失误的实情,后续治疗中适当弥补", "C": "纠正医嘱,并对出现的失误予以积极补救", "D": "先不告知患者,若其知晓再为自己的失误辩护"}, "answer": "纠正医嘱,并对出现的失误予以积极补救", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "增强子的作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "促进结构基因转录", "B": "抑制操纵基因表达", "C": "抑制结构基因转录", "D": "抑制启动子"}, "answer": "促进结构基因转录", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在医德评价的依据中,市场经济条件下应坚持(  )。", "options": {"A": "医学动机善的标准", "B": "医学动机善和效果善统一的标准", "C": "社会舆论评价善的标准", "D": "医院领导评价善的标准"}, "answer": "医学动机善和效果善统一的标准", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,31岁,因长期出差,近半年来出现入睡困难,白日感头昏、全身乏力伴恶心感。曾服地西泮2片/晚,疗效不持久,此后曾多次改服催眠类药品,疗效不佳,为此紧张不安,不能有效工作,体检无异常,颅脑CT(-),否认精神疾病史。此病人诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经衰弱", "B": "焦虑症", "C": "失眠症", "D": "人格障碍"}, "answer": "失眠症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,30岁,以感染性休克入院,入院后,咳粉红色痰,气短,血动脉氧分压降至60mmHg以下,应首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "ARDS", "B": "急性左心衰竭", "C": "肺内继发性炎症", "D": "缺血性肺组织坏死"}, "answer": "ARDS", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,72岁。糖尿病史15年,长期口服二甲双胍,空腹血糖维持在7~9mmol/L。尿白蛋白排泄率为240mg/24h。LDL一胆固醇5.08mmol/L。查体:BP 160/95mmHg,心肺未见明显异常,双下肢轻度可凹性水肿。有关该患者的治疗,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使用胰岛素控制血糖", "B": "口服ACE抑制药", "C": "口服氢氯噻嗪", "D": "限制蛋白摄入量"}, "answer": "口服氢氯噻嗪", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.腹部包块出现最早(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾癌", "B": "肾胚胎瘤", "C": "膀胱癌", "D": "肾囊肿"}, "answer": "肾胚胎瘤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于原发性甲状腺功能减退症替代治疗,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "替代过程中需要定期监测", "B": "替代用量应注意个体化", "C": "确诊后即刻足量替代", "D": "TSH是评价疗效的最佳指标"}, "answer": "确诊后即刻足量替代", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,26岁,10天来全身皮肤出血点伴牙龈出血来诊。化验PLT 35×109/L,临床诊断为慢性特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)。3.该患者的首选治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖皮质激素", "B": "脾切除", "C": "血小板输注", "D": "长春新碱"}, "answer": "糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,30岁,约1年时间孤僻、寡言,近期由于被上级批评后出现失眠,不上班并紧闭门窗,声称有人监视自己,在家中不敢谈话,说家中已被安装窃听器,公安局也要逮捕自己,不吃妻子做的饭食,认为妻子已同他人合伙在饭菜中放了毒药。因此殴打妻子。3.除药物治疗外下列需要注意的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "说服病人放弃怀疑", "B": "外出旅行、疗养", "C": "防止发生意外", "D": "请上级、同事改变对病人的态度"}, "answer": "防止发生意外", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,34岁。血压210/130mmHg,可以作为肾血管性高血压主要诊断依据的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "无高血压家族史", "B": "右上腹连续性高调血管杂音", "C": "血浆肾素水平增高", "D": "肾脏病史"}, "answer": "右上腹连续性高调血管杂音", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,56岁。乏力,食欲不振、恶心、消瘦1个月。乙型肝炎病史10年。查体:皮肤、巩膜无黄染,腹软,剑突下压痛,肝肋下3cm,可触及质硬的结节,Murphy征阴性,移动性浊音阳性。3.该患者若手术治疗,其禁忌证是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有消化道出血史", "B": "有明显腹水", "C": "癌肿位于肝右叶", "D": "癌肿直径约10cm"}, "answer": "有明显腹水", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于Ag因素对免疫耐受的影响哪一项是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "抗原的持续存在是维持免疫耐受的重要条件", "B": "Ag经皮下或肌内注射易形成耐受", "C": "Ag有多种不同的决定簇易形成耐受", "D": "TD-Ag无论多少剂量均不易引起T细胞耐受"}, "answer": "抗原的持续存在是维持免疫耐受的重要条件", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.血栓尾部的主要成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤维蛋白及血小板", "B": "纤维蛋白及淋巴细胞", "C": "纤维蛋白及粒细胞", "D": "纤维蛋白及红细胞"}, "answer": "纤维蛋白及红细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "大叶性肺炎咳铁锈色痰出现在(  )。", "options": {"A": "充血水肿期", "B": "红色肝样变期", "C": "溶解消散期", "D": "恢复期"}, "answer": "红色肝样变期", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "最常见继发性闭经类型的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卵巢性闭经", "B": "垂体性闭经", "C": "下丘脑性闭经", "D": "原发性闭经"}, "answer": "下丘脑性闭经", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,72岁。突发头痛10小时,昏迷8小时,头颅CT右颞叶出血,1小时来呕暗红色血2次,共约350ml,无慢性肝病史。最可能的呕血原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性胃黏膜病变", "B": "胃癌", "C": "贲门黏膜撕裂", "D": "食管胃底静脉曲张破裂"}, "answer": "急性胃黏膜病变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.急性阑尾炎患者,未及时就诊,出现右下腹包块,有压痛,最可能的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阑尾坏疽穿孔", "B": "形成阑尾周围脓肿", "C": "门静脉炎", "D": "盲肠后位阑尾炎"}, "answer": "形成阑尾周围脓肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是引起鹅口疮的病原体?(  )", "options": {"A": "石膏样小孢子菌", "B": "口腔链球菌", "C": "白色念球菌", "D": "口腔螺旋体"}, "answer": "白色念球菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是痴呆综合征的主要表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "是全面的智能减退", "B": "注意力集中", "C": "多有自杀", "D": "多有妄想"}, "answer": "是全面的智能减退", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不属于造血因子受体超家族的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IL-2受体", "B": "IL-3受体", "C": "IL-4受体", "D": "IL-l受体"}, "answer": "IL-l受体", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "40岁女性患者,突然剧烈头痛、呕吐、右眼睑下垂,见右眼球活动受限,呈外展位,对光反应消失,视力正常。查体:颈项强直,克氏征(+)。3.若考虑为血管性疾病,确诊主要依靠(  )。", "options": {"A": "CT检查", "B": "DSA", "C": "脑磁图", "D": "脑血流图"}, "answer": "DSA", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "M药厂销售代表在和某医院几名医师达成协议后,医师在处方时使用M药厂生产的药品,并按使用量的多少收受了药厂给予的提成。事情曝光以后,对M药厂按《药品管理法》的有关规定处理;对于医师的错误行为,有权决定给予处分,没收违法所得的部门是(  )。", "options": {"A": "药品监督管理部门", "B": "工商行政管理部门", "C": "医师协会", "D": "卫生行政部门"}, "answer": "卫生行政部门", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,48岁。进餐后突发性上腹刀割样剧痛3小时。全腹压痛,板状腹,肝浊音界及肠鸣音消失。X线显示膈下新月形游离气体。既往有胃溃疡史25年。下列治疗中,最佳的手术方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃大部切除术", "B": "全胃切除", "C": "迷走神经切断加胃窦切除术", "D": "高选择性迷走神经切断术"}, "answer": "胃大部切除术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男婴,8个月。腹泻伴呕吐3天,无尿6小时。大便10~15次/天,呈蛋花汤样伴黏液,有腥臭味。查体:T 37.8℃,表情淡漠,前囟、眼窝明显凹陷,皮肤弹性差,可见花纹,四肢厥冷,双肺呼吸音清,心率120次/分,腹软,无明显压痛。实验室检查:粪镜检偶见白细胞,血钠134mmol/L。2.患儿脱水的程度和性质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "重度等渗性脱水", "B": "中度等渗性脱水", "C": "中度低渗性脱水", "D": "重度高渗性脱水"}, "answer": "重度等渗性脱水", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "按贫血的病因、机制下述哪一项组合是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "红细胞破坏过多——慢性感染性贫血", "B": "骨髓红细胞生成被干扰——伴随白血病的贫血", "C": "红细胞慢性丢失过多——缺铁性贫血", "D": "造血原料缺乏——巨幼红细胞贫血"}, "answer": "红细胞破坏过多——慢性感染性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某县药品监督管理部门接到某药店将保健食品作为药品出售给患者的举报后,立即对该药店进行了查处,并依照《药品管理法》的规定,将其销售给患者的保健食品认定为(  )。", "options": {"A": "按假药论处的药", "B": "假药", "C": "食品", "D": "按劣药论处的药"}, "answer": "假药", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,33岁。因急性坏疽性阑尾炎行阑尾切除,术后第10天出现发热,体温39.2℃,腹胀、恶心,肛门有下坠感,里急后重,曾排便4次,为黏液样便。1.此时首先应选用的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大便培养", "B": "腹部X线平片", "C": "腹部B超", "D": "直肠指诊"}, "answer": "直肠指诊", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,49岁,高血压病史10年。近3年来失眠,记忆力减退,工作效率下降。近1年来上述症状加重,言语不清,双手震颤,情绪低落,自责自罪,有时不认识周围人,裸体外跑。查体:眼底动脉细呈铜丝状,双膝腱反射亢进,病理反射未引出。头部CT扫描可见数个小的梗死灶。其诊断可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑郁症", "B": "早老性痴呆", "C": "脑血管病所致精神障碍", "D": "人格障碍"}, "answer": "脑血管病所致精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪个器官的梗死灶常为地图形?(  )", "options": {"A": "心脏", "B": "肺脏", "C": "脾脏", "D": "肠管"}, "answer": "心脏", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "引起病毒性心肌炎最常见的病毒是(  )。", "options": {"A": "风疹", "B": "流感", "C": "单纯性疱疹", "D": "柯萨奇B组病毒"}, "answer": "柯萨奇B组病毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,52岁,肥胖。右腹股沟韧带下方卵圆窝处可见3cm×3cm半球状突起,局部有胀痛感。平卧时突起可变小、变软,但有时不完全消失。查体:卵圆窝处咳嗽冲击感不明显。最常用的手术方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "McVay法", "B": "Halsted法", "C": "Bassini法", "D": "Ferguson法"}, "answer": "McVay法", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "咳嗽变异性哮喘诊断依据中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "咳嗽持续>1个月", "B": "咳嗽运动后加重", "C": "临床常伴有发热", "D": "有家族过敏史"}, "answer": "临床常伴有发热", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.具有细胞毒作用的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "Tc", "B": "Th", "C": "Thl", "D": "Th2"}, "answer": "Tc", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在动物实验中,观察氯沙坦药理作用,主要是通过测定(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾素活性", "B": "ACE活性", "C": "其抗ATⅡ受体的活性", "D": "尿量改变"}, "answer": "其抗ATⅡ受体的活性", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于梅毒正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病原体是螺旋体", "B": "病后可获得终身免疫", "C": "呼吸道传播", "D": "以上均对"}, "answer": "病原体是螺旋体", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "5岁男孩,颜面水肿2个月,血压16.0/10.7kPa(120/80mmHg),查尿常规:蛋白(+++),红细胞15个/HP,血总蛋白40g/L,清蛋白(白蛋白)25g/L。该患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾炎", "B": "单纯性肾病综合征", "C": "肾炎性肾病综合征", "D": "急进性肾炎"}, "answer": "肾炎性肾病综合征", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项属于自然被动免疫?(  )", "options": {"A": "通过隐性感染获得的免疫", "B": "通过注射抗体获得的免疫", "C": "通过注射类毒素获得的免疫", "D": "通过初乳、胎盘获得的免疫"}, "answer": "通过初乳、胎盘获得的免疫", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "蜂窝织炎性阑尾炎最主要的病变特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中性粒细胞弥漫浸润阑尾各层组织", "B": "中性粒细胞向粘膜表面渗出", "C": "阑尾坏死、变黑", "D": "阑尾穿孔"}, "answer": "中性粒细胞弥漫浸润阑尾各层组织", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "阻塞性肺不张时不会出现的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病变部位呼吸音减弱", "B": "病变部位触觉语颤增强", "C": "气管向患侧移位", "D": "胸廓可有塌陷"}, "answer": "病变部位触觉语颤增强", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "腹部外科中,预防性使用抗生素的最佳时间为(  )。", "options": {"A": "手术开始前1小时", "B": "手术开始时", "C": "手术中发生感染时", "D": "手术结束时"}, "answer": "手术开始前1小时", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "风湿性心脏炎最常受累的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "左心房内膜", "B": "心包膜", "C": "左心瓣膜", "D": "右心房内膜"}, "answer": "左心瓣膜", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.说明液体量已补充足的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中心静脉压很低,尿量多", "B": "中心静脉压偏低,尿量少", "C": "中心静脉压很高,尿量多", "D": "中心静脉压很低,尿量少"}, "answer": "中心静脉压很高,尿量多", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不属于小脑的功能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "调节内脏活动", "B": "协调随意运动", "C": "维持姿势", "D": "维持身体平衡"}, "answer": "调节内脏活动", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.对肿瘤细胞有特异性杀伤作用的细胞(  )。", "options": {"A": "Tc", "B": "Mφ", "C": "NK", "D": "LAK"}, "answer": "Tc", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于SLE病人妊娠问题,哪一项错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "应病情稳定,心、肾功能正常,方可妊娠", "B": "可出现新生儿狼疮", "C": "妊娠时可使SLE病情恶化", "D": "妊娠头3个月内可应用免疫抑制剂"}, "answer": "妊娠头3个月内可应用免疫抑制剂", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,55岁。饮酒后出现上腹持续性刀割样痛3小时,尿淀粉酶正常,腹部平片未见膈下游离气体及气液平面。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化道穿孔", "B": "胆结石", "C": "急性肠梗阻", "D": "急性胰腺炎"}, "answer": "急性胰腺炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,27岁,患糖尿病5年,消瘦,血糖常在16.7mmoL/L(300mg/dl)以上,易出现酮症,胰岛素释放试验低平型,较好的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "饮食疗法+胰岛素", "B": "运动疗法+饮食疗法+胰岛素", "C": "单纯胰岛素治疗", "D": "甲福明(二甲双胍)+饮食疗法,必要时加胰岛素"}, "answer": "饮食疗法+胰岛素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "成年男性患者,被确诊为HIV感染,在对其已妊娠3个月的妻子进行说明过程中,哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "应该立即中止妊娠", "B": "此病具有较长潜伏期", "C": "应配合患者积极治疗", "D": "避免与患者共用餐具"}, "answer": "避免与患者共用餐具", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,35岁。1小时前车祸外伤出血,出血量约为1000ml。查体:BP 100/70mmHg,体重70kg,面色苍白,心率120次/分。该患者受伤后机体首先发生的反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "循环血液中儿茶酚胺减少", "B": "外周血管阻力不变", "C": "脑和心脏的血管收缩", "D": "外周血管阻力增加"}, "answer": "外周血管阻力增加", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "72岁女患者,1年前右手开始颤动,半年后右下肢及左手相继出现颤动,近2个月来右手不能写字,紧张时尤其明显,睡眠后消失。近半月来行走困难,经常摔倒。查体:表情缺乏,双上肢及右下肢不自主运动,肌张力呈齿轮样增高。1.该患者的不自主运动属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "意向性震颤", "B": "姿势性震颤", "C": "静止性震颤", "D": "手足徐动症"}, "answer": "静止性震颤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,45岁。因急性坏疽性阑尾炎行阑尾切除术后第10天,出现发热,体温39.2℃。伴腹胀、恶心,肛门有下坠感,里急后重,曾排便4次,为黏液样便。1.此时首先应选用的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部X线平片", "B": "血常规", "C": "腹部B超", "D": "直肠指检"}, "answer": "直肠指检", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "欲提高血中HCO35mmol/L,应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "1.4%碳酸氢钠5ml/kg", "B": "5%碳酸氢钠1ml/kg", "C": "5%碳酸氢钠5ml/kg", "D": "1.87%乳酸钠3ml/kg"}, "answer": "5%碳酸氢钠5ml/kg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医疗保健机构提供的胎儿保健服务的内容是(  )。", "options": {"A": "为胎儿生长发育进行监护,为孕妇提供营养指导", "B": "为胎儿生长发育进行监护,提供咨询和医学指导", "C": "为胎儿生长发育进行孕妇卫生指导", "D": "为胎儿生长发育进行监护,为孕妇提供心理指导"}, "answer": "为胎儿生长发育进行监护,提供咨询和医学指导", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2岁小儿,生后4个月出现发绀、哭吵,甚时有抽搐史。查体:发育差,发绀明显,心前区可闻及Ⅲ级收缩期的喷射音,胸片示:肺血少,右心室增大,心腰凹陷,呈靴形心。此患儿的诊断应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "法洛四联症", "B": "动脉导管未闭", "C": "肺动脉狭窄", "D": "室间隔缺损"}, "answer": "法洛四联症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在临床医学研究开始之前,必须要把研究方案提交到哪个部门进行审查?(  )", "options": {"A": "科研处", "B": "医院党委", "C": "伦理委员会", "D": "病人所在病房的领导"}, "answer": "伦理委员会", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.哪一项常用于血清除菌?(  )", "options": {"A": "高压蒸汽灭菌法", "B": "巴氏消毒法", "C": "紫外线照射", "D": "滤过除菌"}, "answer": "滤过除菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "31岁,患者,12月末发病,头痛、发热、恶心、呕吐、腰痛4天,查体:面色潮红,结膜充血,腋下可见点状出血。化验:白细胞15×109/L,中性粒细胞0.72,淋巴细胞0.2,异淋巴细胞0.08,尿蛋白(+++)。已确诊为肾综合征出血热。1.上述情况中哪一项在诊断上最重要?(  )", "options": {"A": "症状", "B": "体征", "C": "实验室检查", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "实验室检查", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.心身疾病的治疗原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "药物治疗", "B": "病情变化与心理社会因素有关", "C": "心身相结合的原则", "D": "心理治疗"}, "answer": "心身相结合的原则", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以慢性腹痛和下肢大关节不对称关节炎为特征临床表现的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰椎间盘突出症", "B": "强直性脊柱炎", "C": "痛风关节炎", "D": "腰肌劳损"}, "answer": "强直性脊柱炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "婴儿期最易出现心力衰竭的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "风湿性心脏病"}, "answer": "室间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.每克蛋白质能产热量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "1kcal", "B": "4kcal", "C": "9kcal", "D": "11kcal"}, "answer": "4kcal", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "甲状腺活动的调节不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺激素对腺垂体的正反馈作用", "B": "自主神经的支配", "C": "存在自身调节", "D": "T3、T4对腺垂体的负反馈作用"}, "answer": "甲状腺激素对腺垂体的正反馈作用", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心脏充盈受限最常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肥厚型心肌病", "B": "限制型心肌病", "C": "克山病", "D": "所有心肌病"}, "answer": "限制型心肌病", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对炭疽杆菌致病性的错误叙述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "荚膜的抗吞噬作用使该菌易于在体内生长", "B": "致死因子可抑制细胞的生长", "C": "水肿因子可激活细胞的分泌功能", "D": "炭疽毒素各成分可独立发挥毒性作用"}, "answer": "炭疽毒素各成分可独立发挥毒性作用", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "给体重3kg的家兔静脉注射20%葡萄糖5ml后,尿量增多的原因主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血浆胶体渗透压降低", "B": "小管液溶质浓度增加", "C": "血浆晶体渗透压增高", "D": "血容量增多"}, "answer": "小管液溶质浓度增加", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "支气管淋巴结核出现喘鸣是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋巴结压迫支气管使其完全阻塞", "B": "淋巴结压迫支气管使其部分阻塞", "C": "淋巴结压迫气管分叉处", "D": "淋巴结压迫肺动脉"}, "answer": "淋巴结压迫支气管使其部分阻塞", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.医疗机构对本单位内被传染病病原体污染的场所、物品以及医疗废物(  )。", "options": {"A": "予以隔离治疗,隔离期限根据医学检查结果确定", "B": "确诊前在指定场所单独隔离治疗", "C": "在指定场所进行医学观察和采取其他必要的预防措施", "D": "必须依照法律法规的规定实施消毒和无害化处置"}, "answer": "必须依照法律法规的规定实施消毒和无害化处置", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.痢疾杆菌具有(  )。", "options": {"A": "芽胞", "B": "鞭毛", "C": "菌毛", "D": "异染颗粒"}, "answer": "菌毛", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,68岁。陈旧性心肌梗死5年。规律服用培哚普利、美托洛尔、阿司匹林治疗,无胸痛发作。查体无异常。实验室检查:血TC 5.0mmol/L,LDL-C2.9mmol/L,TG 5.9mmol/L,HDL-C0.9mmol/L。该患者目前首选的降脂药物为(  )。", "options": {"A": "考来烯胺", "B": "依折麦布", "C": "非诺贝特", "D": "阿托伐他汀"}, "answer": "阿托伐他汀", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,20岁,乳房肿块,边缘清晰,无压痛,活动度大,生长缓慢,应考虑的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺结核", "B": "乳管内乳头状瘤", "C": "乳腺炎性肿块", "D": "乳腺纤维性腺瘤"}, "answer": "乳腺纤维性腺瘤", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "28岁初产妇,妊娠41周,阵发性腹痛10小时,宫缩10~15分钟1次,持续30秒,宫口开大3cm。2.首选的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即行剖宫产术", "B": "静脉滴注麦角新碱", "C": "人工破膜", "D": "肌内注射哌替啶(杜冷丁)"}, "answer": "人工破膜", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,27岁。近三年来经常周期性上腹痛,空腹发作,夜间更重,进食可缓解。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性胃炎", "B": "胃溃疡病", "C": "十二指肠消化性溃疡", "D": "胃癌"}, "answer": "十二指肠消化性溃疡", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "恶性淋巴瘤累及颈、腹股沟淋巴结、肝及肺,并伴有发热、盗汗及体重减轻,临床分期属(  )。", "options": {"A": "ⅢA", "B": "ⅣB", "C": "ⅢB", "D": "ⅡB"}, "answer": "ⅣB", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胃大部切除术后发生残胃癌的最短时间是术后(  )。", "options": {"A": "1年", "B": "5年", "C": "10年", "D": "15年"}, "answer": "5年", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.上述哪项多见于精神分裂症?(  )", "options": {"A": "童样痴呆", "B": "情感高涨", "C": "强制性哭笑", "D": "情感倒错"}, "answer": "情感倒错", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,1岁,咳嗽持续1个月,近3日突然高热,咳嗽频繁,痰多,患儿按时预防接种,3年前有结核接触史。查体:体温39℃,呼吸40次/分,面色苍白,心脏正常,右肺底闻及细小水泡音,肝肋下2cm质软。白细胞4.0×109/L,淋巴细胞占0.65。OT试验阴性。最可能诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发肺结核", "B": "支气管肺炎", "C": "支气管炎", "D": "粟粒性肺结核"}, "answer": "支气管肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在一昼夜中,体温最低的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "清晨2~6小时", "B": "早晨7~9小时", "C": "傍晚6~7小时", "D": "睡前9~10小时"}, "answer": "清晨2~6小时", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "哪项不是免疫的概念(  )。", "options": {"A": "清除大分子异物", "B": "维持自身稳定", "C": "抵抗病原微生物", "D": "对机体有害"}, "answer": "对机体有害", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在感染性休克的治疗中哪一项是最基本的?(  )", "options": {"A": "补充血容量", "B": "血管活性药物的应用", "C": "纠正酸中毒", "D": "肾上腺皮质激素的应用"}, "answer": "补充血容量", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "20岁男性,喜食毛蚶,一周前突然发病,出现畏寒、发热、全身乏力、食欲不振、厌油腻、肝区疼痛、尿色渐加深至浓茶状。近日体温降低,巩膜和皮肤出现黄疸,最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲型肝炎", "B": "丙型肝炎", "C": "乙型肝炎", "D": "戊型肝炎"}, "answer": "甲型肝炎", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,30岁,经蝶窦行垂体泌乳素瘤手术2个月,放疗后1个月,血泌乳素123μg/L,下列哪一种治疗最适合(  )。", "options": {"A": "赛庚啶治疗", "B": "溴隐亭治疗", "C": "左旋多巴治疗", "D": "行经额垂体瘤手术"}, "answer": "溴隐亭治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿1岁,因晨起突然神志不清来院。体检:体重5kg,体温不升,老人貌,皮肤干燥无弹性,表情呆滞,面色苍白,脉搏减慢,呼吸浅表,多汗,腹壁皮下脂肪消失,急诊来院。2.该患儿在调整饮食时,其热量供给的原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "由少迅速增至正常", "B": "由少逐渐增至低于正常", "C": "由少逐渐增至超过正常", "D": "由少迅速增至超过正常"}, "answer": "由少逐渐增至超过正常", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.28岁,已有一女孩3岁,平时月经量多,有轻度贫血,用工具避孕失败,怕再妊娠。应选用何种避孕措施(  )。", "options": {"A": "阴茎套", "B": "短效V1服药", "C": "长效避孕针", "D": "皮下埋植"}, "answer": "短效V1服药", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "情绪是由下列哪三个要素相互作用而形成的?(  )", "options": {"A": "情景、心境、条件反射", "B": "环境、心境、生理变化", "C": "情景、刺激、生理过程", "D": "情景、认知、生理变化"}, "answer": "情景、认知、生理变化", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "传染病流行过程的基本条件(  )。", "options": {"A": "病原体,人体和他们所处的环境", "B": "病原体,带菌动物,易感人群", "C": "传染源,传播途径,易感人群", "D": "传染源,传播途径"}, "answer": "传染源,传播途径,易感人群", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于阿片类药物依赖的治疗错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "替代治疗", "B": "电休克治疗", "C": "社会心理治疗", "D": "行为治疗"}, "answer": "电休克治疗", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,60岁,因右上肢放射痛伴手指麻木,动作不灵活2年就诊。检查发现颈肩部压痛,神经牵拉试验及压头试验阳性,右上肢桡侧皮肤感觉减退,握力减弱,肌张力减低。考虑最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "混合型颈椎病", "B": "椎动脉型颈椎病", "C": "神经根型颈椎病", "D": "脊髓型颈椎病"}, "answer": "神经根型颈椎病", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "慢性胰腺炎最突出的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部包块", "B": "发热", "C": "呕吐", "D": "腹痛"}, "answer": "腹痛", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于免疫耐受的叙述哪一项是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "产生免疫耐受后对各种Ag均不反应", "B": "免疫耐受就是免疫抑制", "C": "产生自身耐受是自身免疫病的起因", "D": "对病毒感染免疫耐受的机体易发生该病毒引起的疾病"}, "answer": "对病毒感染免疫耐受的机体易发生该病毒引起的疾病", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,78岁。间断餐后上腹痛伴嗳气40年,无反酸,曾行胃镜及病理检查提示重度萎缩性胃炎。近期出现乏力及消瘦,胃镜发现胃角巨大溃疡,周边不规则隆起,中心有较大血凝块附着,其余部位无出血病变。行手术治疗,术后病理最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃淋巴瘤", "B": "胃间质瘤", "C": "胃癌", "D": "胃溃疡"}, "answer": "胃癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "FAB分类,哪一项POX反应、非特异酯酶均阴性?(  )", "options": {"A": "M2a", "B": "ALL-L3", "C": "M3b", "D": "M4"}, "answer": "ALL-L3", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列不属于产前诊断方法的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "绒毛穿刺取样", "B": "血清学测甲胎蛋白", "C": "经皮脐血穿刺", "D": "胚胎植入前诊断"}, "answer": "血清学测甲胎蛋白", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "Hb中一个亚基与其配体(O2)结合后,促使其构象发生变化,从而影响此寡聚体与另一亚基与配体的结合能力,此现象称?(  )", "options": {"A": "协同效应", "B": "化学修饰", "C": "共价修饰", "D": "别构效应"}, "answer": "协同效应", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.吗啡(  )。", "options": {"A": "可引起呼吸抑制", "B": "可引起共济失调", "C": "可引起瞳孔扩大", "D": "可引起再生障碍性贫血"}, "answer": "可引起呼吸抑制", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.桡骨茎突狭窄性腱鞘炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "肩部疼痛、无活动受限", "B": "肘关节外侧疼痛", "C": "肘关节活动受限", "D": "Finkelstein试验阳性"}, "answer": "Finkelstein试验阳性", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,42岁。右上腹突发剧烈疼痛2小时,伴呕吐、尿黄。发病前3小时饮白酒约300ml,并进食较多油腻食物。查体:右上腹有压痛及反跳痛。最有诊断价值的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃镜", "B": "腹部B超", "C": "血淀粉酶", "D": "尿淀粉酶"}, "answer": "腹部B超", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "致病性大肠杆菌肠毒素的致病机理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制蛋白质合成中的延长因子2", "B": "抑制内毒素脱毒", "C": "作用于肠壁自主神经", "D": "激活腺苷酸环化酶"}, "answer": "激活腺苷酸环化酶", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "成年男性,3个月来双下肢无力、双下肢麻木,逐渐发展到腰部,后背疼痛且咳嗽时加剧。查体:左半侧T8下痛温觉消失;右下肢肌力Ⅲ度,腱反射亢进,Babinski征阳性,右下肢足趾振动觉、位置觉消失。2.病变脊髓处,MRI表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓呈梭形膨大,广泛低信号", "B": "正常脊髓", "C": "脊髓不膨大,髓内广泛点状高信号", "D": "脊髓外高信号肿块"}, "answer": "脊髓不膨大,髓内广泛点状高信号", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项不是精神分裂症的临床症状?(  )", "options": {"A": "意识障碍", "B": "情感障碍", "C": "感知障碍", "D": "行为障碍"}, "answer": "意识障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项不符合由胃泌素瘤引起的消化性溃疡?(  )。", "options": {"A": "多发生在球后十二指肠降部和横段,或空肠近端", "B": "常规胃手术后不易复发", "C": "基础胃酸分泌过度", "D": "常伴腹泻"}, "answer": "常规胃手术后不易复发", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列药物容易通过胎盘而影响胎儿的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脂溶性低的药物", "B": "血浆蛋白结合率低的药物", "C": "分子量大的药物", "D": "所有激素类药物"}, "answer": "血浆蛋白结合率低的药物", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "与散发性先天性甲状腺功能减低症病因无关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "促甲状腺激素不足", "B": "甲状腺发育不全", "C": "甲状腺异位", "D": "碘缺乏"}, "answer": "碘缺乏", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.检查微量Ag或Ab的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直接凝集", "B": "单向琼脂扩散", "C": "ELISA", "D": "荧光标记"}, "answer": "ELISA", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,70岁,面色苍白,乏力半年,腰痛l个月。查体:肝脾不大,血红蛋白80g/L,白细胞4.0×109/L,血小板70×109/L。尿蛋白(+++),腰椎X线片示骨质疏松和圆形穿凿样骨损害。最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性白血病", "B": "骨髓转移癌", "C": "淋巴瘤", "D": "多发性骨髓瘤"}, "answer": "多发性骨髓瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于缺铁性贫血的非造血系统症状,以下不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "食欲减退,少数有异食癖", "B": "常有烦躁不安或萎靡不振", "C": "贫血严重时心率增快,心脏扩大", "D": "肝、脾、淋巴结肿大"}, "answer": "肝、脾、淋巴结肿大", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "21-三体综合征主要的临床特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "出生体重低,体格发育迟缓", "B": "智能落后伴黏液性水肿", "C": "多发畸形伴皮肤纹理异常", "D": "智能落后合并皮肤头发颜色变淡"}, "answer": "多发畸形伴皮肤纹理异常", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.有偏瘫、同向性偏盲、偏身感觉障碍,见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "椎-基底动脉血栓形成", "B": "大脑前动脉血栓形成", "C": "大脑中动脉血栓形成", "D": "蛛网膜下腔出血"}, "answer": "大脑中动脉血栓形成", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,62岁。诊断为胃癌,血压160/100mmHg,中度贫血,消瘦,术前准备不必要的项目是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纠正贫血", "B": "改善营养状态", "C": "血压降至正常", "D": "血生化检查"}, "answer": "血压降至正常", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩,5岁,发热,喷射性呕吐3天,伴剧烈头痛1天,全身性抽搐2次,每次约3分钟缓解,抽搐后嗜睡。查体:神志恍惚,面色灰白,体温38.8℃。末梢血检查:白细胞明显升高,以中性粒细胞为主。1.若患儿拟诊化脓性脑膜炎,最可能见到的体征为(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈强,瞳孔不等大", "B": "呼吸不规则,深昏迷,对光反射消失", "C": "颈强,神经系统检查有异常", "D": "跟、膝、腱反射亢进"}, "answer": "颈强,神经系统检查有异常", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于感染过程中潜伏性感染特点的叙述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "迅速引起显性感染", "B": "一旦免疫功能下降可引起显性感染", "C": "病原体侵入人体后,潜伏在各个部位", "D": "每种感染性疾病均有潜伏性感染"}, "answer": "一旦免疫功能下降可引起显性感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "冠心病稳定型心绞痛合并高血压首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "钙离子拮抗剂", "B": "β受体阻滞剂", "C": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂", "D": "血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻滞剂"}, "answer": "钙离子拮抗剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "38岁初产妇,在家中经阴道自然分娩,当胎儿及胎盘娩出后,出现时多时少的阴道持续流血已1小时,送来急诊。1.为确定诊断,需追问对本例有价值的病史是(  )。", "options": {"A": "滞产", "B": "高龄初产妇", "C": "臀先露经阴道分娩", "D": "新生儿体重3200g"}, "answer": "滞产", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "机体获得人工被动免疫的方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "疫苗接种", "B": "显性感染", "C": "注射抗毒素", "D": "注射类毒素"}, "answer": "注射抗毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.参与体液免疫和速发型超敏反应(  )。", "options": {"A": "Thl细胞", "B": "Th2细胞", "C": "NK细胞", "D": "Mφ"}, "answer": "Th2细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "腰椎间盘突出症的典型症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰背痛", "B": "腰痛伴坐骨神经痛", "C": "坐骨神经痛", "D": "腰部活动受限"}, "answer": "腰痛伴坐骨神经痛", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "既能阻断甲状腺激素合成,又能阻止周围组织中T4转化为T3的药物为(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲巯咪唑(他巴唑)", "B": "丙基硫氧嘧啶", "C": "普萘洛尔", "D": "复方碘溶液"}, "answer": "丙基硫氧嘧啶", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,67岁。车祸后即昏迷,伤后2小时被送往医院。查体:昏迷状态,左顶枕部有一直径4cm头皮血肿,右侧瞳孔散大,对光反应消失,左侧肢体肌张力增高,病理反射阳性。头颅CT示右额颞部骨板下新月形高密度影。3.需要立即采取的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "冬眠疗法", "B": "颅内血肿清除", "C": "激素治疗", "D": "止血,抗感染"}, "answer": "颅内血肿清除", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者在意外事故中脊髓受损,丧失横断面下一切躯体与内脏反射活动,但数周后屈肌反射、腱反射等反射开始逐渐恢复。这表明在受伤当时,该患者出现了(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑水肿", "B": "疼痛性休克", "C": "脊休克", "D": "脑震荡"}, "answer": "脊休克", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪种症状对诊断精神分裂症的意义最大?(  )", "options": {"A": "思维迟缓,意志活动减弱", "B": "情感焦虑,紧张", "C": "情感淡漠,思维破裂", "D": "交替出现的情感高涨、情感低落"}, "answer": "情感淡漠,思维破裂", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.心理咨询与心理治疗的主要不同点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "工作的对象都是病人", "B": "两者均需心理医生担任", "C": "两者的差异是非本质性的", "D": "两者的差异是本质性的"}, "answer": "两者的差异是非本质性的", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "皮肤依靠辐射、传导和对流方式散热的主要途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "交感神经紧张性降低", "B": "皮肤血流量减少", "C": "皮肤散热减少", "D": "小动脉舒张和动静脉吻合支开放"}, "answer": "小动脉舒张和动静脉吻合支开放", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项为血管内溶血的主要实验室检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "粪胆原排泄增高", "B": "红细胞及血红蛋白下降", "C": "血红蛋白尿及含铁血黄素尿阳性", "D": "骨髓中幼红细胞增生明显"}, "answer": "血红蛋白尿及含铁血黄素尿阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "8月男性,诊断为化脓性脑膜炎患儿经治疗1周后,体温下降,精神好转,但是前囟又隆起,头围增大,复查脑脊液明显好转,头颅透照试验阳性。2.应该如何治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "应用甘露醇", "B": "硬膜下穿刺放液", "C": "腰椎穿刺放液", "D": "手术治疗"}, "answer": "硬膜下穿刺放液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,45岁。慢性腹泻6年。每日大便3~4次,便中有少量黏液脓血,抗生素治疗无效。查体:T 36.5℃,P 80次/分,R 18次/分,BP 120/80mmHg。双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心律齐,腹软,无压痛。结肠镜检查:直肠、乙状结肠多发糜烂及浅溃疡。首选的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服硫唑嘌呤", "B": "口服柳氮磺吡啶", "C": "口服泼尼松", "D": "静脉应用甲泼尼龙"}, "answer": "口服柳氮磺吡啶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.主动脉逆行造影示主、肺动脉同时显影(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉导管未闭", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "法洛四联征", "D": "主动脉狭窄"}, "answer": "动脉导管未闭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "早产儿指甲外观特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "反甲", "B": "甲面多白纹", "C": "指甲未达指尖", "D": "指甲超过指尖"}, "answer": "指甲未达指尖", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者右下肢无力3个月,伴左下半身麻木。查体:左乳头水平以下痛温觉减退,右膝腱反射亢进,右巴氏征(+),右髂前上棘下列音叉振动觉减退,右足趾位置觉减退。病变为(  )。", "options": {"A": "左侧胸髓4水平半侧损害", "B": "右侧胸髓4水平半侧损害", "C": "胸髓4水平横贯损害", "D": "右侧胸髓4水平后索损害"}, "answer": "右侧胸髓4水平半侧损害", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某男,5岁,因出生时颅脑产伤发生多次癫痫大发作,近两天因发作频繁,发作间隙持续昏迷而入院,诊断为:癫痫持续状态,首选的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "地西泮", "B": "硫喷妥钠", "C": "苯妥英钠", "D": "水合氯醛"}, "answer": "地西泮", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对结核性腹膜炎最有价值的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "PPD试验", "B": "结肠镜试验", "C": "血沉", "D": "腹腔镜+腹膜活检"}, "answer": "腹腔镜+腹膜活检", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一女咨询者,35岁,某大学教师。3个月前因出国问题与领导争吵,而后逐渐表现出情绪低落、兴趣减退,对未来悲观失望,认为领导和同事都疏远她,常有怨天尤人的表现。能主动求医,接触良好。4.初次接触首选的手段是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宣泄", "B": "增强自信心", "C": "强化控制", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "宣泄", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,35岁。间断咳嗽、咳痰伴咯血20年,行HRCT检查示右中叶支气管囊状扩张,其余肺叶未见异常。今日再次咯血,量约200ml,给予静脉点滴垂体后叶素治疗,效果欠佳。该患者宜选择的最佳治疗措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉滴注鱼精蛋白", "B": "支气管动脉栓塞", "C": "支气管镜下止血", "D": "手术切除病变肺叶"}, "answer": "手术切除病变肺叶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项不是肺硅沉着病的基本病理变化?(  )", "options": {"A": "硅结节", "B": "弥漫性肺纤维化", "C": "胸膜增厚", "D": "大量纤维蛋白渗出"}, "answer": "大量纤维蛋白渗出", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "哪项是锥体系统病损最确切的体征?(  )", "options": {"A": "肌张力减低", "B": "肌张力增高", "C": "显著的肌萎缩", "D": "Babinski征(+)"}, "answer": "Babinski征(+)", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "脂肪酸合成酶催化合成的脂肪酸是(  )。", "options": {"A": "软脂酸", "B": "硬脂酸", "C": "亚油酸", "D": "亚麻酸"}, "answer": "软脂酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列各项中不属于凝血疾病典型症状的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "点状出血", "B": "关节出血", "C": "束臂试验阴性", "D": "轻度损伤时出血增多"}, "answer": "点状出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "伤寒最严重的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中毒性脑病", "B": "肠穿孔", "C": "肠出血", "D": "肺炎"}, "answer": "肠穿孔", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "心室肌有效不应期延续到(  )。", "options": {"A": "收缩期开始", "B": "收缩期中间", "C": "收缩期末", "D": "舒张期早期"}, "answer": "舒张期早期", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "最难控制的浸润部位为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脾", "B": "皮肤", "C": "脑膜", "D": "淋巴结"}, "answer": "脑膜", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.形态细长微弯,革兰阳性,菌体内有异染颗粒的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "流感嗜血杆菌", "B": "白喉棒状杆菌", "C": "军团菌", "D": "伤寒沙门菌"}, "answer": "白喉棒状杆菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.肺动脉第二音减低的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "室间隔缺损", "B": "房间隔缺损", "C": "动脉导管未闭", "D": "法洛四联症"}, "answer": "法洛四联症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心室肌细胞动作电位的2期复极的离子基础是(  )。", "options": {"A": "K+外流,Cl-内流", "B": "K+外流,Ca2+内流", "C": "Na+外流,K+内流", "D": "K+内流,Ca2+外流"}, "answer": "K+外流,Ca2+内流", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.属于主动免疫用于儿童预防白喉、百日咳和破伤风的三联疫苗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "DPT", "B": "MMR", "C": "OPV", "D": "TAT"}, "answer": "DPT", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "行为主义学派认为人后天的行为源于(  )。", "options": {"A": "本能", "B": "学习", "C": "社会", "D": "人格"}, "answer": "学习", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "切除子宫做病理检查,光镜下见子宫壁深肌层内有大量异型的滋养层细胞浸润,并有绒毛结构,应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "水泡状胎块", "B": "子宫内膜癌", "C": "侵蚀性葡萄胎", "D": "绒毛膜癌"}, "answer": "侵蚀性葡萄胎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,7岁,全身浮肿,有血尿、少尿症状4天入院,经肾穿刺检查,发现肾小球内有新月体形成,应诊为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎", "B": "快速进行性肾小球肾炎", "C": "IgA肾病", "D": "慢性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "快速进行性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男孩,3岁,出生时正常,母乳喂养,5个月后智能渐落后,头发变黄,肤色变白,有时发生抽搐,肌张力较高。3.假如该患儿出生不久,为早期诊断,应选择的检查项目是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿2,4-二硝基苯肼试验", "B": "Guthrie细菌生长抑制试验", "C": "血T3、T4、TSH测定", "D": "染色体核型分析"}, "answer": "Guthrie细菌生长抑制试验", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一确诊为髋关节后脱位第l型的患者,最好在什么时间复位完毕?(  )", "options": {"A": "24h", "B": "48h", "C": "1周内", "D": "2周内"}, "answer": "24h", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一个两岁患儿,频繁呕吐,发育不良,伴有白发。尿中苯丙氨酸、苯丙酮酸、苯乙酸含量明显增加。该患儿缺陷的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "谷氨酸脱氢酶", "B": "谷草转氨酸", "C": "苯丙氨酸羟化酶", "D": "酪氨酸羟化酶"}, "answer": "苯丙氨酸羟化酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "进行肠外营养时,下列错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "定期检测肝、肾功能", "B": "记录24小时出入量", "C": "控制好输入速度", "D": "用此输液管抽血化验"}, "answer": "用此输液管抽血化验", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性肾盂肾炎的主要病变特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球硬化", "B": "肾小球新月体形成", "C": "肾间质弥漫性淋巴细胞和单核细胞浸润", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "以上都不是", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.tRNA反密码子第1位碱基Ⅰ可与mRNA上密码子第3位碱基U、C或A配对,属于密码的(  )。", "options": {"A": "特异性", "B": "通用性", "C": "摆动性", "D": "简并性"}, "answer": "摆动性", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "胆汁排出障碍时,消化作用减弱是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠激酶", "B": "胰蛋白酶", "C": "糜蛋白酶", "D": "胰淀粉酶"}, "answer": "胰蛋白酶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "冠心病心绞痛发作的典型部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸骨体下段之后", "B": "心前区", "C": "剑突下", "D": "胸骨体中、上段之后"}, "answer": "胸骨体中、上段之后", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "8个月小儿已诊断为肺炎链球菌脑膜炎,并予抗生素治疗,但高热仍持续不退,惊厥频繁,神志不清,并出现一侧瞳孔散大,四肢肌张力增高,此时应考虑合并(  )。", "options": {"A": "硬膜下积液", "B": "枕骨大孔疝", "C": "小脑幕切迹疝", "D": "脑积水"}, "answer": "小脑幕切迹疝", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.男,32岁,慢性膀胱刺激症状伴终末血尿,应首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性膀胱炎", "B": "膀胱肿瘤", "C": "急性肾盂肾炎", "D": "泌尿系结核"}, "answer": "泌尿系结核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "当呼吸肌完全松弛时,肺容量等于(  )。", "options": {"A": "余气量", "B": "肺活量", "C": "功能余气量", "D": "深吸气量"}, "answer": "功能余气量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "致病原为真核细胞型微生物的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "传染性单核细胞增多症", "B": "水痘", "C": "霍乱", "D": "鹅口疮"}, "answer": "鹅口疮", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,60岁,高血压病史近20年,经检查:心室肌肥厚,血压为170/100mmHg。最好选用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氢氯噻嗪", "B": "卡托普利", "C": "维拉帕米", "D": "普萘洛尔"}, "answer": "卡托普利", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "研究者对某铜矿厂全体男职工共150人开展一项前列腺癌筛查研究,筛查出阳性为100人,其中有73人确诊为前列腺癌;阴性为50人,确诊没有前列腺癌的为43人。3.约登指数为(  )。", "options": {"A": "0.43", "B": "0.59", "C": "0.76", "D": "0.88"}, "answer": "0.59", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,56岁。子宫内膜癌术后10天。病理示低分化子宫内膜样腺瘤,侵及深肌层,淋巴结无转移,手术病理分期ⅠB。患者合并高血压,药物控制后血压120~130/70~80mmHg。该患者首选的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中药治疗", "B": "生物治疗", "C": "放射治疗", "D": "随访观察"}, "answer": "放射治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性胰腺炎最常见的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹泻", "B": "呕吐", "C": "停止排气排便", "D": "上腹部疼痛"}, "answer": "上腹部疼痛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者女性,45岁,近1年来盗汗,心悸,易怒,食量增加。检查:突眼,心率110次/分,血压126/84mmHg,甲状腺弥漫性肿大Ⅲ°,心律齐、无杂音,举手颤动明显。查血T3、T4高于正常值。诊为原发性甲亢,经抗甲状腺药物治疗后复发,拟行甲状腺双侧次全切除术。2.术后最危急的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "双侧喉上神经损伤", "B": "一侧喉返神经损伤", "C": "手术区出血压迫气管", "D": "手术切口化脓性感染"}, "answer": "手术区出血压迫气管", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下可以准予医师执业资格注册的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "受吊销医师执业证书行政处罚,自处罚决定之日起至申请之日止不满一年的", "B": "受吊销医师执业证书行政处罚,自处罚决定之日起至申请之日止不满二年的", "C": "受吊销医师执业证书行政处罚,自处罚决定之日起至申请之日止已满二年的", "D": "受刑事处罚,自刑罚执行完毕之日起至申请注册之日止不满二年的"}, "answer": "受吊销医师执业证书行政处罚,自处罚决定之日起至申请之日止已满二年的", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女婴,7个月,诊断“化脓性脑膜炎”使用青霉素加头孢曲松钠治疗5天热退,一般情况好转,近两天又发热,伴间断抽搐2次,查体:T 39℃,前囟饱满,脑脊液检查,白细胞数12×109/L,蛋白质0.4g/L,糖3mmol/L。患儿病情加重应考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "并发脑脓肿", "B": "脑膜炎复发", "C": "并发硬脑膜下积液", "D": "并发脑水肿"}, "answer": "并发硬脑膜下积液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "5~6个月小儿可添加的辅食为(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素A、D制剂、豆制品", "B": "馒头片、熟土豆、水果汁", "C": "米汤、鱼肉汤、豆腐", "D": "烂面条、带馅食品、碎菜"}, "answer": "米汤、鱼肉汤、豆腐", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对肺泡表面活性物质的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "分布在肺泡的液—气界面上", "B": "具有增加肺泡表面张力的作用", "C": "密度随肺泡半径的增大而减小", "D": "表面活性物质减少将导致肺难于扩张"}, "answer": "具有增加肺泡表面张力的作用", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列各项中不符合慢性髓性白血病急变的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨关节痛", "B": "脾缩小", "C": "贫血、出血加重", "D": "发热经抗生素治疗可无效"}, "answer": "脾缩小", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男婴1岁,人工喂养,因出牙延迟,不会走路而来院就诊。平时多汗,烦躁,刚会独坐,前囟3cm×3cm,方颅,无乳牙萌出,肋骨串珠可疑。4.治疗应选择以下哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "每日口服维生素D 3000U,持续1个月", "B": "每日口服维生素D 400U,持续3个月", "C": "每日口服维生素D 3000U,持续至2周岁", "D": "每日口服维生素D 400U,持续至2周岁"}, "answer": "每日口服维生素D 3000U,持续1个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "以下哪个年龄段脑重已达成人脑重的85%~90%左右?(  )", "options": {"A": "4~6岁", "B": "7~9岁", "C": "10~12岁", "D": "13~15岁"}, "answer": "4~6岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,68岁。低热伴右侧腹部隐痛不适半年,查体:贫血貌,右侧腹部扪及5cm×3cm质硬肿块,可推动,压痛不明显。首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全消化道钡餐造影", "B": "结肠镜", "C": "静脉肾盂造影", "D": "腹部CT"}, "answer": "结肠镜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,46岁,3个月前因胆石症在当地医院行胆总管十二指肠吻合,1天前突然出现右上腹痛、寒战、高热,呕血约1000ml,入院后立即输血,当输血10ml时,突然心前区出现压迫感,腰背部酸痛并出现血红蛋白尿,血压70/50mmHg(9.33/6.67kPa)。3.如果经上述治疗病人血压升到120/75mmHg(16/10kPa),应进一步采取的最佳措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗休克", "B": "利尿", "C": "抗休克、碱化尿液", "D": "抗休克、碱化尿液、利尿"}, "answer": "利尿", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,孕36周出生。出生体重2000g,生后1天,吸吮欠佳。睾丸未降,皮肤毳毛多。1.判断该患儿应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "超低体重儿", "B": "早产儿", "C": "足月儿", "D": "正常体重儿"}, "answer": "早产儿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "根治原发性肝癌最好的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "手术切除治疗", "B": "放射治疗", "C": "中医治疗", "D": "生物和免疫治疗"}, "answer": "手术切除治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.拇趾背伸乏力或不能,小腿前侧和足内侧皮肤感觉改变,出现在(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰2~3间盘后外侧突出", "B": "腰4~5间盘后外侧突出", "C": "腰5骶1间盘后外侧突出", "D": "骶1~2间盘后外侧突出"}, "answer": "腰4~5间盘后外侧突出", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是丘脑的特异投射系统的主要作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "维持觉醒", "B": "协调肌紧张", "C": "调节内脏功能", "D": "引起特定的感觉"}, "answer": "引起特定的感觉", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "乳房Paget病是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳头湿疹样乳腺癌", "B": "炎性乳腺癌", "C": "浆细胞性乳腺炎", "D": "乳腺结核病"}, "answer": "乳头湿疹样乳腺癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.溃疡(  )。", "options": {"A": "只有一端开口的盲管", "B": "表面或黏膜上皮坏死脱落形成较深缺损", "C": "单个毛囊发生的化脓性炎", "D": "多个毛囊发生的化脓性炎"}, "answer": "表面或黏膜上皮坏死脱落形成较深缺损", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性肾炎患儿需卧床休息,能够下床轻微活动的指征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "水肿消退,肉眼血尿消失,血压正常", "B": "尿常规恢复正常", "C": "红细胞沉降率正常", "D": "addis计数正常"}, "answer": "水肿消退,肉眼血尿消失,血压正常", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "病人鼻咽部分离出一株白喉杆菌,要确诊为白喉还需要(  )。", "options": {"A": "接种于吕氏血清斜面", "B": "接种于亚碲酸钾培养基", "C": "接种于Elek平板作毒力测定", "D": "涂片,做Albert染色观察异染颗粒"}, "answer": "接种于Elek平板作毒力测定", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "按零级动力学消除的药物特点为(  )。", "options": {"A": "血浆药物的半衰期是固定数", "B": "血浆药物的半衰期不是固定数", "C": "为绝大多数药物的消除方式", "D": "单位时间内实际消除的药量递增"}, "answer": "血浆药物的半衰期不是固定数", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "化脓性脑膜炎最可靠的诊断依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑脊液细胞数增多,蛋白升高,糖降低", "B": "脑膜刺激征阳性", "C": "硬膜下积液", "D": "脑脊液检出病原菌"}, "answer": "脑脊液检出病原菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.卵巢无性细胞瘤首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "手术治疗", "B": "放射治疗", "C": "化学药物治疗", "D": "中药治疗"}, "answer": "手术治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.分泌抗体的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B细胞", "B": "NK细胞", "C": "细胞毒性T淋巴细胞", "D": "浆细胞"}, "answer": "浆细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于胸腺非依赖性抗原,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "通常为蛋白质", "B": "易于诱导产生细胞免疫应答", "C": "不能刺激机体产生免疫记忆和再次应答", "D": "由B表位和T表位组成"}, "answer": "不能刺激机体产生免疫记忆和再次应答", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.胚胎时期起重要防御作用的Ig是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgG", "B": "IgA", "C": "IgD", "D": "IgE"}, "answer": "IgG", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,62岁。间断上腹痛10余年,加重伴餐后上腹胀3年,胃镜见幽门前区大弯侧直径1.5cm范围黏膜不平,活检病理示重度异型增生。最适当的处理方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服质子泵抑制剂治疗,近期复查", "B": "口服胃黏膜保护剂,近期复查", "C": "近期进行胃大部切除术", "D": "口服H2受体拮抗剂,近期复查"}, "answer": "近期进行胃大部切除术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,60岁,高血压病史近20年,经检查:心室肌肥厚,血压为170/100mmHg。最好选用哪一种降压药?(  )", "options": {"A": "可乐定", "B": "卡托普利", "C": "维拉帕米", "D": "普萘洛尔"}, "answer": "卡托普利", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不符合幼儿急疹特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高热时可有惊厥", "B": "红色斑丘疹颈及躯干多见", "C": "出疹期热度更高", "D": "高热3~5天"}, "answer": "出疹期热度更高", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,20岁,发热2周,体温38~39℃,检查皮肤散在紫癜,颈部及腋下可触及0.5cm×1.5cm大小淋巴结5或6个,脾肋下3cm,血红蛋白85g/L,白细胞10×109/L,血小板25×109/L。2.此患者在治疗3周后,出现高热、头痛、呕吐、Kernig征(+),应采取的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用广谱抗生素", "B": "链霉素、异烟肼、利福平联合治疗", "C": "化疗+鞘内注射MTX", "D": "输血小板"}, "answer": "化疗+鞘内注射MTX", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.十二指肠球部溃疡腹痛规律是(  )。", "options": {"A": "持续性腹痛", "B": "疼痛—排便—加重", "C": "疼痛—进食—缓解", "D": "疼痛—排便—缓解"}, "answer": "疼痛—进食—缓解", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.属于Ⅱ类切口的手术是(  )。", "options": {"A": "化脓性阑尾炎手术", "B": "腹腔镜疝修补术", "C": "结肠脾曲癌引起的急诊肠梗阻手术", "D": "胃后壁穿孔手术"}, "answer": "胃后壁穿孔手术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "甲青年身高1.5m,体重50kg体表面积1.4m2,安静时心排血量为4.2L;乙青年身高1.6m,体重68kg,体表面积1.7m2,安静时心排血量5.1L,两者的心指数相比较为(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲优于乙", "B": "相同", "C": "均高于正常", "D": "均低于正常"}, "answer": "相同", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.卵巢性生殖细胞肿瘤的治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "顺铂+博来霉素+依托泊苷", "B": "顺铂+拓扑替康", "C": "卡铂+紫杉醇", "D": "卡铂+吉西他滨"}, "answer": "顺铂+博来霉素+依托泊苷", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "锋电位由顶点向静息电位水平方向变化的过程叫做(  )。", "options": {"A": "去极化", "B": "超极化", "C": "复极化", "D": "反极化"}, "answer": "复极化", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.选用青霉素G、头孢噻肟(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎链球菌脑膜炎", "B": "双球菌脑膜炎", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌脑膜炎", "D": "流感嗜血杆菌性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "肺炎链球菌脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "60岁甲亢病人,甲状腺Ⅲ°肿大,高代谢症状严重,肝、肾功能正常。恰当的治疗措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即手术", "B": "复方碘溶液治疗2周后手术", "C": "抗甲状腺药物控制症状后手术", "D": "抗甲状腺药物长期治疗"}, "answer": "抗甲状腺药物控制症状后手术", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.癌细胞小而呈短梭形,形似燕麦穗粒(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺鳞癌", "B": "肺小细胞癌", "C": "肺瘢痕癌", "D": "大细胞癌"}, "answer": "肺小细胞癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,35岁。2个月前驾车发生重大交通事故致丈夫身亡,自己轻伤。近1个月频繁噩梦,梦境中反复呈现车祸惨象,时常感到心悸不安。不敢看交通事故新闻,不敢再驾车。情感麻木,郁郁寡欢。该患者的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑郁症", "B": "焦虑症", "C": "创伤后应激障碍", "D": "适应障碍"}, "answer": "创伤后应激障碍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪种是死疫苗(  )。", "options": {"A": "BCG", "B": "小儿麻痹糖丸", "C": "麻疹疫苗", "D": "伤寒疫苗"}, "answer": "伤寒疫苗", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "临床上用于判断肺通气功能的较好指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "补吸气量/用力肺活量", "B": "潮气量/肺活量", "C": "无效腔量/潮气量", "D": "用力呼吸量/用力肺活量"}, "answer": "用力呼吸量/用力肺活量", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男孩5岁,水肿1个月,体检有高度水肿,血压120/75mmHg,尿蛋白(+++),24h尿蛋白定量2500mg,BUN 5.4mmol/L。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性肾炎", "B": "单纯性肾病", "C": "肾炎性肾病", "D": "迁延性肾炎"}, "answer": "单纯性肾病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列甲状腺疾病中哪种必须手术?(  )", "options": {"A": "结节性甲状腺肿,继发甲亢", "B": "妊娠早期甲状腺肿", "C": "轻度原发性甲状腺功能亢进", "D": "青少年甲亢"}, "answer": "结节性甲状腺肿,继发甲亢", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "帕金森病的主要症状不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌阵挛", "B": "肌强直", "C": "动作迟缓", "D": "姿势步态障碍"}, "answer": "肌阵挛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在呼吸科的某一病房,同时住进两名诊断肺脓肿的病人甲、乙。甲、乙的家属都在病房陪护。甲、乙的同事多人到病房看望。第三天确诊甲为开放性肺结核。根据国家规定,有关单位应当采取有效防护措施和医疗保健措施的对象是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲的家属", "B": "病人甲", "C": "甲的主治医生", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "甲的主治医生", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,32岁,患神经衰弱3月余,未经治疗,主要表现为头痛,失眠,脑力疲乏,精神易兴奋,应选择下列哪种药物进行治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "地西泮", "B": "氯氮平", "C": "利培酮", "D": "氯丙嗪"}, "answer": "地西泮", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "CO中毒时下列哪项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "老人和孩子易患", "B": "严重中毒血液COHb浓度可高于50%", "C": "应立即原地抢救", "D": "迟发性脑病恢复较慢"}, "answer": "应立即原地抢救", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.引起急性化脓性梗阻性胆管炎最常见的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆囊结石", "B": "胆管结石", "C": "胆管癌", "D": "胆道蛔虫"}, "answer": "胆管结石", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "造成先天性甲状腺功能低下的最主要的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺不发育或发育不全", "B": "甲状腺合成过程中酶的缺乏", "C": "促甲状腺激素缺乏", "D": "甲状腺或靶器官反应性低下"}, "answer": "甲状腺不发育或发育不全", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "创伤后人体代谢变化为(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋白分解增加、糖异生增加、脂肪分解增加", "B": "蛋白分解增加、糖异生减少、脂肪分解减少", "C": "蛋白分解增加、糖异生减少、脂肪分解增加", "D": "蛋白分解减少、糖异生减少、脂肪分解减少"}, "answer": "蛋白分解增加、糖异生增加、脂肪分解增加", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "以下关于溶血性贫血不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞形态可正常,而寿命缩短", "B": "尿中胆红素阴性而尿胆原增多", "C": "骨髓内幼红细胞明显减少", "D": "血中胆红素,黄疸指数增高而肝功能正常"}, "answer": "骨髓内幼红细胞明显减少", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "能杀伤细胞的细胞因子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "TNF-α", "B": "干扰素", "C": "IL-4", "D": "IL-l"}, "answer": "TNF-α", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症用甲状腺片治疗,下述不正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "终生治疗", "B": "治疗开始时间愈早愈好", "C": "初始剂量为5~10mg/d", "D": "维持剂量为5~l0mg/(kg·d)"}, "answer": "维持剂量为5~l0mg/(kg·d)", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5.肾小球肾炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "属I型超敏反应性疾病", "B": "属Ⅲ型超敏反应性疾病", "C": "属Ⅳ型超敏反应性疾病", "D": "不属于超敏反应性疾病"}, "answer": "属Ⅲ型超敏反应性疾病", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "调查发现某高原地区居民结肠癌的发病率高于全国平均水平,研究者注意到该地区人们的饮食习惯具有高脂肪摄入,低蔬菜、水果摄入的特点,拟开展一项课题研究,分析饮食习惯与结肠癌的关系,考虑到因果现象发生的时间顺序,最佳研究方法应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "生态学研究", "B": "队列研究", "C": "病例对照研究", "D": "临床试验"}, "answer": "队列研究", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于不伤害原则,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "此原则是绝对的,最基本的", "B": "临床中存在的很多对病人造成伤害的情况,有些是可以避免的", "C": "对病人的不伤害,只是指生理上的不伤害", "D": "如果不伤害原则与其他原则冲突,应该以满足不伤害原则为最终选择"}, "answer": "临床中存在的很多对病人造成伤害的情况,有些是可以避免的", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,60岁。高血压病30余年,糖尿病10余年,发现双侧肾动脉狭窄2年。禁用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血管紧张素受体拮抗剂", "B": "β受体阻滞剂", "C": "钙通道拮抗剂", "D": "α受体阻滞剂"}, "answer": "血管紧张素受体拮抗剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述溶血性贫血的检查哪组是错误的(  )。", "options": {"A": "酸化血清溶血试验——阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿", "B": "抗人球蛋白试验——自身免疫性溶血性贫血", "C": "外周血中出现大量靶形红细胞——海洋性贫血", "D": "血红蛋白电泳——蚕豆病"}, "answer": "血红蛋白电泳——蚕豆病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "气性坏疽的临床特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一般情况下血常规白细胞不升高", "B": "易发生早期休克", "C": "局部红、肿、热、痛不明显", "D": "局部肌肉坏死有血性分泌物,恶臭"}, "answer": "局部肌肉坏死有血性分泌物,恶臭", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.与亚急性甲状腺炎有关的症状为(  )。", "options": {"A": "干燥综合征", "B": "黏液水肿面容", "C": "皮肤紫癜", "D": "发热伴甲状腺肿痛"}, "answer": "发热伴甲状腺肿痛", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "高渗性缺水与低渗性缺水临床表现的主要鉴别点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口渴明显", "B": "视力模糊", "C": "恶心、呕吐", "D": "脉压减小"}, "answer": "口渴明显", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,60岁,诊断为难治性贫血1年。关于该患者的输血治疗错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "患者缺氧症状不严重不必输血", "B": "应当给予输血使血红蛋白水平>60g/L", "C": "长期输血可造成铁负荷过重", "D": "输血有传染肝炎等疾病的危险"}, "answer": "患者缺氧症状不严重不必输血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肱骨外上髁炎的病因主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核", "B": "急性化脓性感染", "C": "风湿", "D": "慢性损伤"}, "answer": "慢性损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,35岁。1周来乏力、发热伴牙龈肿胀出血。化验Hb 65g/L,WBC 3.0×109/L,分类见原幼细胞30%,PLT 35×109/L,骨髓检查原始细胞80%,POX染色部分呈弱阳性,非特异性酯酶染色阳性,NaF可抑制。该例急性白血病最可能的FAB分型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "M1型", "B": "M2型", "C": "M4型", "D": "M5型"}, "answer": "M5型", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.由宫颈达骨盆侧壁的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主韧带", "B": "子宫骶骨韧带", "C": "卵巢固有韧带", "D": "骨盆漏斗韧带"}, "answer": "主韧带", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "碳酸氢钠处理糖尿病酮症酸中毒的指征为(  )。", "options": {"A": "出现血钾过高", "B": "治疗酸中毒的起初2小时", "C": "血pH<7.1", "D": "pH<7.3"}, "answer": "血pH<7.1", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心尖部收缩期喀喇音提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "室壁瘤形成", "B": "二尖瓣脱垂", "C": "二尖瓣狭窄", "D": "主动脉瓣关闭不全"}, "answer": "二尖瓣脱垂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "青年男性患者,自高处坠落3h后送入医院,自诉胸背部疼痛,双下肢不能活动。1.最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊柱损伤", "B": "骨盆骨折", "C": "双下肢骨折", "D": "闭合性腹部损伤"}, "answer": "脊柱损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "焦虑症治疗药物常用(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯丙嗪", "B": "地西泮", "C": "卡马西平", "D": "碳酸锂"}, "answer": "地西泮", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肝细胞呈碎片状坏死及桥接坏死见于下述哪种病变?(  )", "options": {"A": "亚急性重型肝炎", "B": "慢性持续型肝炎", "C": "慢性活动型肝炎", "D": "急性普通型肝炎"}, "answer": "慢性活动型肝炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "人们在遇到压力、痛苦、困境时,引起自杀的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "排除应激源", "B": "逃避应激源", "C": "难以应对应激源", "D": "想超越应激源"}, "answer": "难以应对应激源", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "奇脉最常见的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉导管未闭", "B": "大量心包积液", "C": "高血压", "D": "室间隔缺损"}, "answer": "大量心包积液", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男青年甲,22岁,经婚前医学检查,发现患有梅毒。2.青年甲对这一诊断结论有异议时,可以(  )。", "options": {"A": "要求婚姻登记部门重新检查", "B": "申请行政复议", "C": "申请医学技术鉴定", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "申请医学技术鉴定", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "可引起射血分数增大的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心室舒张末期容积增大", "B": "心率减慢", "C": "心肌收缩能力增强", "D": "快速射血相缩短"}, "answer": "心肌收缩能力增强", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医疗侵权赔偿责任中,医疗过错的认定标准是(  )。", "options": {"A": "未尽到分级诊疗的义务", "B": "未尽到健康教育的义务", "C": "未尽到主动协商的义务", "D": "未尽到与当时医疗水平相适应的诊疗义务"}, "answer": "未尽到与当时医疗水平相适应的诊疗义务", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.有丙酮酸脱氢酶参与(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖有氧氧化", "B": "磷酸戊糖途径", "C": "糖原合成", "D": "糖原分解"}, "answer": "糖有氧氧化", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "胸腰椎椎体压缩骨折,压缩不到1/3,首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卧硬板床", "B": "两桌法过仰复位", "C": "石膏背心外固定", "D": "手术椎体融合"}, "answer": "两桌法过仰复位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "血管加压素的主要生理作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "作用于远端肾小管,促进水的重吸收", "B": "作用于近端肾小管,促进水的重吸收", "C": "作用于远端肾小管,促进水的排出", "D": "作用于近端肾小管,促进水的排出"}, "answer": "作用于远端肾小管,促进水的重吸收", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,36岁。发作性血压升高8个月,发作时血压为210/110mmHg,伴面色苍白,大汗,心悸。发作间歇期血压正常。最有助于诊断的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "螺内酯试验阳性", "B": "地塞米松抑制试验阳性", "C": "颅内蝶鞍X线检查阳性", "D": "血压增高时血和尿儿茶酚胺及香草基杏仁酸水平明显增高。"}, "answer": "血压增高时血和尿儿茶酚胺及香草基杏仁酸水平明显增高。", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "引起肠道疾病的无动力细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "霍乱弧菌", "B": "副溶血性弧菌", "C": "痢疾杆菌", "D": "肠产毒性大肠杆菌"}, "answer": "痢疾杆菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者一侧瞳孔直接光反射消失,对侧间接光反射消失,病变位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "同侧视神经", "B": "对侧动眼神经", "C": "对侧视神经", "D": "视交叉"}, "answer": "同侧视神经", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "法洛四联症的蹲踞症状是为了(  )。", "options": {"A": "减轻漏斗部肌肉痉挛", "B": "减轻心脏负荷", "C": "使体循环阻力增加", "D": "减少下肢静脉回流量"}, "answer": "使体循环阻力增加", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "评定心脏泵血功能更有意义的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心输出量", "B": "心脏做功量", "C": "心肌收缩力", "D": "动脉血流速"}, "answer": "心脏做功量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述检查对区分上下尿路感染没有意义的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿白细胞管型", "B": "B超示肾盂形态异常", "C": "膀胱穿刺培养大肠杆菌", "D": "肾区扣痛"}, "answer": "膀胱穿刺培养大肠杆菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于中枢神经系统内兴奋的传递特点,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单向传递", "B": "中枢延搁", "C": "总和", "D": "兴奋节律不变"}, "answer": "兴奋节律不变", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,24岁。因体检发现心律不齐1周就诊。平素无心悸和头晕。既往体健。查体:BP 110/60mmHg,心界不大,心律不齐,可闻及早搏2次/分。心电图提示室性期前收缩。超声心动图提示心结构正常。该患者最适宜的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "继续随访,暂不予药物治疗", "B": "口服β受体拮抗剂", "C": "口服ⅠB类抗心律失常药物", "D": "口服Ⅲ类抗心律失常药物"}, "answer": "继续随访,暂不予药物治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "狼疮性肾炎一般不表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "轻型肾炎", "B": "急性肾炎", "C": "慢性肾炎", "D": "慢性肾盂肾炎"}, "answer": "慢性肾盂肾炎", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "用针划过患者足部外踝处,出现趾背屈,此反射为(  )。", "options": {"A": "Oppenheim征", "B": "Gordon征", "C": "Chaddock征", "D": "Schaeffer征"}, "answer": "Chaddock征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是脂肪动员的关键酶?(  )", "options": {"A": "甘油一酯酶", "B": "脂蛋白脂肪酶", "C": "甘油三酯酶", "D": "激素敏感性甘油三酯酶"}, "answer": "激素敏感性甘油三酯酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "构成病毒包膜的成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "核酸、蛋白质、糖类", "B": "酶类、脂质、核酸", "C": "脂质、蛋白质、糖类", "D": "蛋白质、脂质、核酸"}, "answer": "脂质、蛋白质、糖类", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.诊断胃食管酸反流最适用的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "食管酸滴注试验", "B": "胸部X线片", "C": "胃镜及活检", "D": "24小时食管pH监测"}, "answer": "24小时食管pH监测", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿麻疹的临床特点不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热、咳嗽、流涕", "B": "口腔有麻疹黏膜斑", "C": "玫瑰色斑丘疹", "D": "疹退后无色素沉着"}, "answer": "疹退后无色素沉着", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,48岁,糖尿病12年,每日皮下注射预混胰岛素治疗,早餐前30单位,晚餐前24单位,每日进餐规律,主食350g。近来查空腹血糖13.6~14.8mmol/L。餐后2小时血糖7.6~8.8mmol/L,关于空腹高血糖。3.较为合理的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "改用口服降糖药", "B": "加磺脲类降糖药物", "C": "加双胍类降糖药物", "D": "胰岛素调整剂量"}, "answer": "胰岛素调整剂量", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "14个月男婴,牛奶和稀粥喂养,近2个月腹泻不愈,食欲欠佳,但时而自食墙皮或泥块,皮肤黏膜渐苍白,肝脾轻度肿大。血红蛋白60g/L,红细胞3.5×1012/L。最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "再生障碍性贫血", "B": "生理性贫血", "C": "营养性缺铁性贫血", "D": "地中海性贫血"}, "answer": "营养性缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿20个月,反复患“支气管肺炎”,有时剧烈哭闹时,颜面出现青紫,哭闹停止时青紫缓解。查体:体重9kg,双肺(-),心界扩大。胸骨左缘第3、4肋间可闻及4级粗糙的全收缩期杂音,向四周广泛传导,可扪及收缩期震颤。诊断为先天性心脏病。1.该患儿先天性心脏病可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "法洛四联征", "D": "肺动脉瓣狭窄"}, "answer": "室间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某男,25岁,因车祸受伤后2小时入院。查体:嗜睡,呼唤能睁眼;回答问题有错误;对疼痛刺激能定位。其Glasgow昏迷分级计分应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "12分", "B": "15分", "C": "9分", "D": "5分"}, "answer": "12分", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.上述哪项是心脏内传导速度最快的部位(  )。", "options": {"A": "心房肌", "B": "心室肌", "C": "房室交界", "D": "浦肯野纤维"}, "answer": "浦肯野纤维", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.重症肌无力表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "四肢无力,血钾减低", "B": "四肢无力,手套、袜套样感觉障碍", "C": "四肢无力,休息后减轻,活动后加重", "D": "四肢无力,肩胛带骨盆带萎缩"}, "answer": "四肢无力,休息后减轻,活动后加重", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "胆碱酯酶抑制药不用于下述哪种病症?(  )", "options": {"A": "A-V传导阻滞", "B": "重症肌无力", "C": "小儿麻痹后遗症", "D": "手术后腹气胀和尿潴留"}, "answer": "A-V传导阻滞", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "由于V2受体缺陷引起的肾性尿崩症,其相关的水孔蛋白是(  )。", "options": {"A": "AQP-4", "B": "AQP-2", "C": "AQP-5", "D": "AQP-3"}, "answer": "AQP-2", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "流行性乙型脑炎传播途径为(  )。", "options": {"A": "空气飞沫传播", "B": "粪—口途径传播", "C": "虫媒传播", "D": "密切接触传播"}, "answer": "虫媒传播", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.符合小胃癌的肿瘤大小是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直径1.6cm", "B": "直径1.2cm", "C": "直径0.8cm", "D": "直径0.4cm"}, "answer": "直径0.8cm", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项不是结核结节的成分?(  )", "options": {"A": "Langhans巨细胞", "B": "淋巴细胞", "C": "中性粒细胞", "D": "类上皮细胞"}, "answer": "中性粒细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不宜用作甲亢常规治疗的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "碘化物", "B": "甲巯咪唑", "C": "丙硫氧嘧啶", "D": "卡比马唑"}, "answer": "碘化物", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿10个月,因间断腹泻2个月,面色苍白1个月就诊。大便2~3次/日,呈糊状,母乳喂养,4个月添加辅食。患儿3个月时因患坏死性小肠结肠炎,行小肠大部切除术,术后一般情况渐好转。查体:皮肤粘膜苍白,舌细微震颤,心脏(-),肝肋下2.5cm,脾肋下1cm,血红蛋白70g/L,红细胞2×1012/L,白细胞5.2×109/L,部分中性粒细胞有核右移。4.选择下列哪项治疗方法最佳?(  )", "options": {"A": "口服铁剂治疗", "B": "输血治疗", "C": "口服叶酸治疗", "D": "肌注vitB12口服叶酸治疗"}, "answer": "肌注vitB12口服叶酸治疗", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.T淋巴细胞抗原识别受体(  )。", "options": {"A": "TCR", "B": "BCR", "C": "C3bR", "D": "C4bR"}, "answer": "TCR", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性最常见的生殖器结核是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫内膜结核", "B": "输卵管结核", "C": "卵巢结核", "D": "盆腔腹膜结核"}, "answer": "输卵管结核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.妊娠高血压综合征孕妇血压180/110mmHg,治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "硫酸镁静脉滴注", "B": "肼苯达嗪静脉滴注", "C": "甘露醇快速静脉滴注", "D": "阿托品静脉推注"}, "answer": "肼苯达嗪静脉滴注", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性胎儿窘迫的重要临床征象不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎心率异常", "B": "胎动减少", "C": "羊水胎粪污染", "D": "胎儿头皮血pH<7.35"}, "answer": "胎儿头皮血pH<7.35", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性心肌梗死静脉滴注硝酸甘油的起始剂量是(μg/min)(  )。", "options": {"A": "10~20", "B": "30~40", "C": "80~90", "D": "100~200"}, "answer": "10~20", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "甲医师发现临病房乙医师的诊治失误后,及时反映给主管部门。这体现下述哪项道德原则?(  )", "options": {"A": "共同维护病人利益", "B": "共同维护社会公益", "C": "全心全意为人民服务", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "共同维护病人利益", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "微血栓的主要成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血小板", "B": "纤维素", "C": "红细胞", "D": "白细胞"}, "answer": "纤维素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "P2固定分裂、亢进,提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "肺动脉狭窄"}, "answer": "房间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "静脉注射后能促使组织液水分移至毛细血管内的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1.5%的氯化钠溶液", "B": "丙种球蛋白", "C": "20%葡萄糖溶液", "D": "清蛋白"}, "answer": "清蛋白", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于孕期保健,以下哪项正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "第一次产前检查时间应在妊娠12~16周", "B": "初诊应行全身检查、产科检查和必要的辅助检查", "C": "产前检查应包括绒毛活检、B超、羊水穿刺等", "D": "B超是了解胎儿宫内安危的主要方法"}, "answer": "初诊应行全身检查、产科检查和必要的辅助检查", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对血管紧张素Ⅱ作用的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "刺激肾上腺皮质合成和分泌醛固酮", "B": "增加近球小管对NaCl的重吸收", "C": "刺激近球小体颗粒细胞释放肾素", "D": "刺激垂体释放抗利尿激素"}, "answer": "刺激近球小体颗粒细胞释放肾素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "筛检试验的特异度是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "筛检试验阴性患病的可能性", "B": "实际有病,筛检试验被确定为有病的百分比", "C": "实际有病,筛检试验被确定为无病的百分比", "D": "实际无病,根据筛检试验被确定为无病的百分比"}, "answer": "实际无病,根据筛检试验被确定为无病的百分比", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.溃疡型肠癌(  )。", "options": {"A": "溃疡长轴与肠轴平行", "B": "溃疡呈环形与肠轴垂直", "C": "溃疡呈烧瓶状,口小底大", "D": "溃疡边缘呈堤状隆起"}, "answer": "溃疡边缘呈堤状隆起", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男婴,足月出生,有宫内窘迫史,羊水Ⅱ度污染,产钳助产,生后1分钟四肢青紫,心率95次/分钟,刺激时有皱眉,呼吸浅弱,肌张力稍低。1.此时应立即采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸除污染的羊水,触觉刺激呼吸", "B": "吸入高浓度氧气", "C": "注射山梗菜碱刺激呼吸", "D": "心率小于100次/分,心脏按压"}, "answer": "吸除污染的羊水,触觉刺激呼吸", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,45岁。8个月前骑电动车时摔倒,腹部被车把撞伤并疼痛。经治疗后缓解,6个月前觉上腹部逐渐隆起,伴上腹饱胀,近日来常恶心、呕吐。查体:上腹部可触及直径约10cm包块,无肌紧张、压痛、反跳痛。1.应首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部CT", "B": "腹部B超", "C": "立位腹部X线平片", "D": "胃镜"}, "answer": "腹部B超", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于贫血性梗死的描述哪项错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "常发生于组织结构致密的器官", "B": "梗死灶边缘有充血出血带", "C": "坏死灶引起炎症反应", "D": "常发生于有双重血液供应的器官"}, "answer": "常发生于有双重血液供应的器官", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "55岁女性,患者长期单独应用一种抗高血压药进行治疗,疗效欠佳,今日血压为22.6/14.6kPa(170/110mmHg),下肢轻度可凹性水肿,考虑采用联合用药,以提高降压效果,请问下述哪一种联合用药最为合适?(  )", "options": {"A": "氢氯噻嗪+螺内酯十美托洛尔", "B": "氢氯噻嗪+硝苯地平+维拉帕米", "C": "氢氯噻嗪+美托洛尔+肼屈嗪", "D": "氢氯噻嗪+哌唑嗪+肼屈嗪"}, "answer": "氢氯噻嗪+美托洛尔+肼屈嗪", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.婴儿基础代谢所需能量(  )。", "options": {"A": "占总能量的50%~60%", "B": "占总能量的25%~30%", "C": "占总能量的10%", "D": "占总能量的5%"}, "answer": "占总能量的50%~60%", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "初孕妇,妊娠37+2周,夜间睡眠中突然出现阴道大量流血,无阵发性腹痛。查体:重度贫血貌,P 110次/分,BP 80/60mmHg。妇科检查:子宫软,枕左前位,胎心率166次/分。此时最佳的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即行B超检查", "B": "立即纠正休克", "C": "输血同时行剖宫产术", "D": "立即行无应激试验"}, "answer": "输血同时行剖宫产术", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.一般6个月内的佝偻病患儿,主要表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "乒乓颅", "B": "鸡胸", "C": "“O”型腿或“X”型腿", "D": "脊柱畸形"}, "answer": "乒乓颅", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.双肺听诊可闻固定的中小水泡音(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管肺炎", "B": "急性支气管炎", "C": "支气管异物", "D": "急性喉炎"}, "answer": "支气管肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3岁患儿,反复发作咳嗽2个月,常于清晨发作,运动后加重,无发热。曾用多种抗生素无效。化验血WBC6.2×106/L,胸透未见异常。3.如果此患儿用舒喘灵后使咳嗽发作缓解,则最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "婴幼儿哮喘", "B": "毛细支气管炎", "C": "咳嗽变异性哮喘", "D": "支气管肺炎"}, "answer": "咳嗽变异性哮喘", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某校住校学生郑某感到不适,几天后确诊患病毒性肝炎。校保健室初步诊治,便安排其去市医院住院治疗。并未引起注意。过几天后,又有郑某的同学、班主任教师、军训的军官相继发病。保健室负责人及管理学生的干部为此受到学校的严厉批评。1.对郑某的发病必须按卫生部规定的时限向当地卫生防疫机构报告疫情的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "班主任老师", "B": "校保健室", "C": "军训的军官", "D": "学校"}, "answer": "校保健室", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,70岁。咳嗽半年后,声音嘶哑1个月。胸部X线片显示左肺门明显增大,胸部CT显示左肺上叶可见直径4cm的块状影,主动脉弓及弓旁淋巴结明显肿大、融合。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阻塞性肺炎", "B": "肺脓肿", "C": "肺结核", "D": "肺癌"}, "answer": "肺癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,40岁,体重50kg。胃大部切除术后2天,HCO3- 16mmol/L,输液时应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "含5%碳酸氢钠50ml的葡萄糖溶液", "B": "含5%碳酸氢钠100ml的葡萄糖溶液", "C": "含5%碳酸氢钠150ml的葡萄糖溶液", "D": "含5%碳酸氢钠200ml的葡萄糖溶液"}, "answer": "含5%碳酸氢钠50ml的葡萄糖溶液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "硅沉着病最常见的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺感染", "B": "支气管扩张", "C": "肺结核", "D": "脓胸"}, "answer": "肺结核", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肉毒毒素的致病机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制细胞蛋白质合成", "B": "阻碍乙酰胆碱释放", "C": "使自主神经麻痹", "D": "使脑神经和外周神经兴奋性增强"}, "answer": "阻碍乙酰胆碱释放", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "过期妊娠需立即终止妊娠的指征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B超显示羊水指数6cm", "B": "Ⅲ度羊水粪染", "C": "无应激试验为反应型", "D": "12小时胎动为15次"}, "answer": "Ⅲ度羊水粪染", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "开放性肋骨骨折不需要的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸壁悬吊牵引", "B": "清创缝合", "C": "骨折断端固定", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "胸壁悬吊牵引", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "DNA复制时模板序列5′-TAGA-3′将合成的互补序列是(  )。", "options": {"A": "5'-TCTA-3′", "B": "5'-ATCA-3′", "C": "5'-GCGA-3′", "D": "3'-TCTA-5′"}, "answer": "5'-TCTA-3′", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "最常见的偏头痛为(  )。", "options": {"A": "特殊型偏头痛", "B": "普通偏头痛", "C": "丛集型偏头痛", "D": "血管性头痛"}, "answer": "普通偏头痛", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "35岁前心脏性猝死的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心肌病", "B": "心包炎", "C": "长QT综合征", "D": "先天性心脏病"}, "answer": "心肌病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "早产儿生后3天,表现不哭、不动、不吃、体温不升,于2004年12月入院,查体:全身冰凉,心率慢,四肢水肿,皮肤发紫、变硬,肺腹(-)。3.为了有助于复温和维持体温,应供给充足的热卡,热卡供给应从每日(  )。", "options": {"A": "50kcal/kg开始", "B": "60kcal/kg开始", "C": "80kcal/kg开始", "D": "120kcal/kg开始"}, "answer": "50kcal/kg开始", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "人乳中的脂肪易于消化吸收,是因为人乳中含有(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋白酶", "B": "淀粉酶", "C": "甲型乳糖", "D": "脂肪水解酶"}, "answer": "脂肪水解酶", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "60岁男性患者,演讲时突然头痛呕吐,昏迷,右侧肢瘫6小时入院,高血压病史12年。查体:血压205/112mmHg,浅昏迷,瞳孔不等大,偏瘫,有Babinski征(+)。2.经检查证实为脑出血,不能采取的措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "降血压药", "B": "降颅内压药", "C": "止血药", "D": "转院"}, "answer": "转院", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "甲亢术后出现甲状腺危象的主要原是(  )。", "options": {"A": "术中过多挤压甲状腺", "B": "术前准备不充分", "C": "精神紧张", "D": "术中补液不足"}, "answer": "术前准备不充分", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "青年女性,每日乘车上班,某日再次乘车时,突然感到车子有了变化,四周气氛变得诡异,似有不祥预兆,但说不清具体内容,这属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性妄想之妄想心境", "B": "被洞悉感", "C": "罪恶妄想", "D": "被害妄想"}, "answer": "原发性妄想之妄想心境", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有机磷中毒引起的毒蕈碱样症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "流涎", "B": "肌束颤动", "C": "瞳孔缩小", "D": "休克"}, "answer": "流涎", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "糖原合成时每增加一个葡萄糖单位需要消耗几个ATP?(  )", "options": {"A": "3", "B": "2", "C": "1", "D": "4"}, "answer": "2", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.急性肾功能衰竭是钩端螺旋体病哪一型的主要死亡原因?(  )", "options": {"A": "流感伤寒型", "B": "黄疸出血型", "C": "肺出血型", "D": "脑膜脑炎型"}, "answer": "黄疸出血型", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,40岁。左肾盂结石1.5cm,静脉尿路造影显示左肾功能正常,逆行肾盂造影证实左侧肾盂输尿管交界处狭窄。首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "服用药物排石", "B": "开放手术取石+肾盂输尿管成形", "C": "经皮肾镜碎石", "D": "大量饮水"}, "answer": "开放手术取石+肾盂输尿管成形", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "原发性肺结核的肺内原发灶常位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺门", "B": "上叶下部近胸膜处", "C": "肺尖", "D": "胸膜面"}, "answer": "上叶下部近胸膜处", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.易并发脑血栓的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "室间隔缺损", "B": "动脉导管未闭", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "卵圆孔未闭"}, "answer": "法洛四联症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下关于对“思维”心理过程的描述不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "以人原有知识为中介", "B": "是对事物感性的认识", "C": "是对现实间接的反映", "D": "是对客观事物本质特征的反映"}, "answer": "是对事物感性的认识", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.Colles骨折(  )。", "options": {"A": "餐叉样畸形", "B": "下肢短缩、外旋畸形", "C": "腕下垂", "D": "Dugas征阳性"}, "answer": "餐叉样畸形", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于DNA连接酶的叙述下述哪一项是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "促进DNA形成超螺旋结构", "B": "合成RNA引物", "C": "使相邻的两个片段连接起来", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "使相邻的两个片段连接起来", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.上述哪项是生殖器疱疹的主要病原?(  )", "options": {"A": "EBV", "B": "CMV", "C": "VZV", "D": "HSV-2"}, "answer": "HSV-2", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,18岁。运动员。常规体检发现心跳慢,无自觉不适,平素体健。查体:BP 120/80mmHg,心率50次/分。心电图:窦性心动过缓。为初步判断其窦性心动过缓是否为生理性,再次测量患者心率之前应嘱咐其(  )。", "options": {"A": "安静休息", "B": "运动", "C": "Valsalva动作", "D": "深呼气"}, "answer": "安静休息", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对系统性红斑狼疮的诊断常用而有价值的病理检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓穿刺", "B": "肺穿刺", "C": "淋巴结活检", "D": "皮肤狼疮带试验"}, "answer": "皮肤狼疮带试验", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,20岁。咳嗽,胸闷1周。查体:右下肺呼吸音消失,胸部X线片示右侧大量胸腔积液。该患者肺通气功能检查最不可能出现的结果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一秒量下降", "B": "残气量下降", "C": "用力肺活量下降", "D": "一秒率下降"}, "answer": "一秒率下降", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿男,1岁。B型超声检查发现左侧睾丸位于腹股沟管内,经内分泌治疗1周后睾丸仍未下降到阴囊内。治疗的最佳方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "观察", "B": "继续内分泌治疗", "C": "近期行左睾丸下降固定术", "D": "3岁后行左睾丸下降固定术"}, "answer": "近期行左睾丸下降固定术", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哪项是受体激动剂的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "与受体无亲和力,有内在活性", "B": "与受体有亲和力,有较强内在活性", "C": "与受体无亲和力,有较强内在活性", "D": "与受体有亲和力,有弱的内在活性"}, "answer": "与受体有亲和力,有较强内在活性", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "能抑制尿液的稀释和浓缩过程,并具有强大利尿作用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呋塞米", "B": "氢氯噻嗪", "C": "山梨醇", "D": "甘露醇"}, "answer": "呋塞米", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "35岁女性,初步诊断右乳腺上方乳腺纤维腺瘤,应采取的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中医中药治疗", "B": "择期手术", "C": "急诊手术", "D": "口服他莫昔芬(三苯氧胺)治疗"}, "answer": "择期手术", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "诊断心肌病最常用的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心电图", "B": "超声心动图", "C": "心内膜心肌活检", "D": "PET"}, "answer": "超声心动图", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者女性,40岁。车祸致伤,即来院就诊,神志模糊,左耳道及鼻均有少量活动性出血,口腔内有较多污物及血外溢。查体:心率110次/分,血压140/90mmHg,双瞳孔等大等圆,直径3mm,对光反射存在。双上肢可自主活动,左大腿中段、右踝明显肿胀,活动受限。2.下列诊断目前最可能危及患者生命的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅脑损伤", "B": "鼻骨骨折", "C": "左股骨骨折", "D": "创伤性休克"}, "answer": "颅脑损伤", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,45岁。间断性上腹痛、腹胀伴嗳气8年。胃镜检查:胃窦黏膜粗糙,以白色为主。黏膜活检病理提示慢性萎缩性胃炎伴中至重度肠上皮化生。快速尿素酶试验阳性。该患者首先应采用的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用质子泵抑制剂", "B": "应用促胃肠动力剂", "C": "抗幽门螺杆菌治疗", "D": "近期胃镜下黏膜切除术"}, "answer": "抗幽门螺杆菌治疗", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿1岁,生后牛奶喂养,未加辅食,晒太阳少,平日易腹泻。体检:发育营养中等,无特殊外貌,有肋骨串珠及肋膈沟,轻度鸡胸,化验血钙2.0mmol/L,血磷1.0mmol/L,碱性磷酸酶(金法)300U/L。1.该患儿最可能出现的检查异常为(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线片长骨短粗和弯曲", "B": "甲状旁腺素下降", "C": "尿磷排出明显增加", "D": "1,25(0H)2D3下降"}, "answer": "1,25(0H)2D3下降", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,42岁。腰腿痛2个月。查体:下腰椎旁压痛,左下肢直腿抬高试验阳性(50°),加强试验阳性,外踝及足背外侧皮肤感觉减弱,踝反射消失,考虑为腰椎间盘突出症。最可能突出的间隙是(  )。", "options": {"A": "L4~5", "B": "L5~S1", "C": "L1~2", "D": "L3~4"}, "answer": "L5~S1", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.急性血吸虫病可表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热、过敏、腹痛、腹泻、肝肿大", "B": "发热、球结膜充血、淋巴结肿大、全身酸痛", "C": "发热、头痛、腰痛", "D": "无症状"}, "answer": "发热、过敏、腹痛、腹泻、肝肿大", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,15个月,单纯母乳喂养,不愿进辅食,其母不吃肉类、鱼类食品,近1个月面色渐苍黄,目光呆滞,肝肋下2.5cm,脾未及,伸手时手有震颤,Hb90g/L,RBC2.05×1012/L。1.该患儿诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "混合性贫血", "B": "营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血", "C": "再生障碍性贫血", "D": "溶血性贫血"}, "answer": "营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,63岁,晨起发现言语不清,右侧肢体活动不适,既往体健,发病后5小时体检神志清楚,血压120/80mmHg,右侧中枢性面瘫,舌瘫,右侧上下肢肌力2级,右半身痛觉减退,CT未见异常。2.病变的性质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑出血", "B": "脑栓塞", "C": "脑肿瘤", "D": "脑血栓形成"}, "answer": "脑血栓形成", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,36岁。右下腹痛。腹泻伴纳差、乏力、消瘦、发热5个月余,大便为黄色糊状,3~5次/d,体温37.5~38.0℃。PPD试验阳性。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结肠癌", "B": "溃疡性结肠炎", "C": "克罗恩病", "D": "肠结核"}, "answer": "肠结核", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.以讲故事为测验方式的投射测验是(  )。", "options": {"A": "洛夏墨迹测验", "B": "主题统觉测验", "C": "比奈一西蒙量表", "D": "90项症状核查表"}, "answer": "主题统觉测验", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.对侧同向偏盲是(  )。", "options": {"A": "视束病变", "B": "视交叉中部病变", "C": "视放射部分病变", "D": "枕叶病变"}, "answer": "视束病变", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,45岁,体胖,平素食欲佳。近1个月饮水量逐渐增多,每日约1500ml,尿量多,空腹血糖6.7mmol/L(120mg/dm),尿糖(+)。应进一步行哪项检查来确诊糖尿病?(  )", "options": {"A": "24小时尿糖定量", "B": "皮质素葡萄糖耐量试验", "C": "葡萄糖耐量试验", "D": "24小时尿糖定量"}, "answer": "葡萄糖耐量试验", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "主动脉瓣轻度狭窄时瓣口面积为(  )。", "options": {"A": "1.0~1.5cm2", "B": ">1.5cm2", "C": "1.5~2.0cm2", "D": "<1.0cm2"}, "answer": ">1.5cm2", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "化脓性感染形成脓肿后,外科治疗的基础原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全身加大抗生素剂量", "B": "改用其他抗生素", "C": "配合局部物理疗法", "D": "立即切开引流"}, "answer": "立即切开引流", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于萎缩,叙述恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "凡是比正常时小的器官组织细胞均可称为萎缩", "B": "细胞内线粒体变小,数目不减少", "C": "萎缩组织细胞不消失", "D": "间质不减少,有时反而增生"}, "answer": "间质不减少,有时反而增生", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,16岁,因患肺炎,给予青霉素治疗。经青霉素皮试为(—)。随即肌内注射青霉素,但注射后立即出现面色苍白,全身湿冷,血压测不到,此时的紧急处置是立即给予(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素", "B": "间羟胺", "C": "去甲肾上腺素", "D": "异丙嗪"}, "answer": "肾上腺素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,40岁。腹胀、乏力5个月。嗜睡、言语混乱2天。既往患乙型肝炎20年。查体:T 36.5℃,P 80次/分,R 18次/分,BP 120/80mmHg,神志不清,消瘦,皮肤巩膜黄染。双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心律齐,腹软,无压痛,移动性注音(+)。诱发患者出现神经精神症状的因素中,最不可能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用苯二氮䓬类镇静剂", "B": "摄入大量蛋白质", "C": "摄入大剂量维生素C", "D": "便秘"}, "answer": "摄入大剂量维生素C", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,65岁。头部外伤后昏迷2小时。查体:中度昏迷,右侧瞳孔散大,对光反射消失,左侧肢体肌张力增高,病理征(+)。头颅CT示右额颞部高密度新月形影。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性硬脑膜下血肿", "B": "急性硬脑膜下积液", "C": "脑挫伤", "D": "脑内血肿"}, "answer": "急性硬脑膜下血肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不属于完全骨折的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "嵌插骨折", "B": "粉碎骨折", "C": "裂缝骨折", "D": "骨骺分离"}, "answer": "裂缝骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "与急性同种异基因移植物排斥关系密切的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "NK细胞", "B": "B细胞", "C": "CD8+T细胞", "D": "肥大细胞"}, "answer": "CD8+T细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于IgA下述哪项是错误的(  )。", "options": {"A": "二聚体IgA结合Ag的亲和力,高于单体IgA", "B": "IgA主要存在于血清中", "C": "IgA缺乏绞链区", "D": "sIgA是粘膜局部免疫的最重要因素"}, "answer": "IgA缺乏绞链区", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.肺炎患者所致缺氧的治疗采用(  )。", "options": {"A": "高压氧疗", "B": "无控制性给氧", "C": "鼻导管持续高浓度给氧", "D": "呼吸末正压给氧"}, "answer": "无控制性给氧", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,18岁,发热8天伴腹泻,便血1次,入院经治疗1周后热退,食欲好转,中午进食较多,下午腹胀明显,右下腹剧痛,伴恶心、呕吐,压痛及反跳痛明显,经外科手术治疗后痊愈出院。考虑术中见何种病变?(  )", "options": {"A": "肠伤寒、回肠末端穿孔", "B": "化脓性阑尾炎并局限性腹膜炎", "C": "化脓性阑尾炎穿孔", "D": "节段性出血坏死性肠炎并发腹膜炎"}, "answer": "肠伤寒、回肠末端穿孔", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.对外界抵抗力最强的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "芽胞", "B": "鞭毛", "C": "菌毛", "D": "异染颗粒"}, "answer": "芽胞", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,75岁。痰中带血1个月余。吸烟10年,50支/天。胸部X线片:右肺门肿块伴右上肺不张,支气管镜见右上肺开口内新生物。3.该患者首选的下一步检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头颅CT", "B": "肝、肾、肾上腺B超", "C": "胸部CT", "D": "气管造影"}, "answer": "胸部CT", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医德对医学实践具有实际的指导意义称为医德的(  )。", "options": {"A": "实用性", "B": "多样性", "C": "稳定性", "D": "以上都不对"}, "answer": "实用性", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是诊断溶血性贫血最可靠的指标?(  )", "options": {"A": "尿胆原排泄增加", "B": "尿含铁血黄素阳性", "C": "血清结合珠蛋白降低", "D": "红细胞寿命缩短"}, "answer": "红细胞寿命缩短", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在蛋白质合成中不消耗高能磷酸键的步骤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "移位", "B": "氨基酰—tRNA进位", "C": "起动", "D": "转肽"}, "answer": "转肽", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.提早出现QRS波,时限>0.12秒,其前无相关P波(  )。", "options": {"A": "房性期前收缩", "B": "室性期前收缩", "C": "房性期前收缩未下传", "D": "交界性逸搏"}, "answer": "室性期前收缩", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.黄体功能不足与哪项有关?(  )", "options": {"A": "增殖期子宫内膜", "B": "子宫内膜分泌不良", "C": "子宫内膜部分分泌、部分增生期变化", "D": "子宫内膜腺囊型增生过长"}, "answer": "子宫内膜分泌不良", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,59岁,体检发现血糖升高。既往体健,查体:T 36.5℃,P 80次/分,R 18次/分,BP 120/80mmHg,BMI 29kg/m2,腹型肥胖,糖化血红蛋白7.9%,ALT 86U/L,AST 34U/L,Scr 101μmol/L。腹部超声提示中度脂肪肝。患者首选的降糖药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "那格列奈", "B": "胰岛素", "C": "二甲双胍", "D": "罗格列酮"}, "answer": "二甲双胍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.良性葡萄胎(  )。", "options": {"A": "滋养细胞增生,绒毛间质水肿,间质内胎源性血管消失", "B": "滋养细胞不典型增生,侵入子宫肌层,可见绒毛结构", "C": "滋养细胞增生并侵入子宫肌层和血管,不见绒毛结构,伴大片坏死出血", "D": "由细胞滋养细胞分化出合体滋养细胞,二者分裂增生与胚外中胚层一起组成绒毛膜"}, "answer": "滋养细胞不典型增生,侵入子宫肌层,可见绒毛结构", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,10岁,水肿、少尿4日,今日头晕、眼花,恶心、呕吐2次,抽搐l次。查体:体温37.6℃,血压22/16kPa(165/120mmHg),眼睑及双下肢水肿。尿检:蛋白质(++),红细胞15~20个/HP。血尿素氮5.8mmol/L。2.急诊处置原则为(  )。", "options": {"A": "降颅压、镇静、吸氧", "B": "利尿、镇静、吸氧", "C": "利尿、降压、镇静、吸氧", "D": "利尿、降尿素氮"}, "answer": "利尿、降压、镇静、吸氧", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,20岁,苍白、乏力1周。淋巴结及脾大,白细胞计数32.0×109/L,骨髓中原始细胞占0.83,过氧化物酶染色阴性。2.最适宜的化疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "DA方案", "B": "HA方案", "C": "HOAP方案", "D": "VDP方案"}, "answer": "VDP方案", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "个体在试图逃避某种威胁情境时,或在明确预知某种危险即将发生而又无法应对时,会产生的基本情绪是(  )。", "options": {"A": "悲哀", "B": "恐惧", "C": "焦虑", "D": "愤怒"}, "answer": "恐惧", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,40岁,2年前诊断为原发性慢性肾上腺皮质功能减退症,长期口服氢化可的松(30mg/d)替代治疗。近2天发热38℃,咽痛。目前应怎样使用氢化可的松(  )。", "options": {"A": "改用等效量的地塞米松", "B": "剂量维持不变", "C": "剂量减少1/2", "D": "剂量增加为2~3倍"}, "answer": "剂量增加为2~3倍", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,45岁。突发呕鲜血2小时,约400ml。发现HBsAg阳性20年。查体:T 36.5℃, P 80次/分,R 18次/分,BP 120/80mmHg。巩膜无黄染,双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心律齐。腹膨隆,无压痛、反跳痛、肌紧张,肝脏肋下未触及,脾脏肋下4cm,移动性浊音阳性。准备急症手术治疗,术前检查中不包括:(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹水常规检查", "B": "出、凝血功能测定", "C": "血清电解质测定", "D": "肝功能检查"}, "answer": "腹水常规检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.肾上腺素(  )。", "options": {"A": "通过蛋白激酶A通路发挥作用", "B": "通过蛋白激酶G通路发挥作用", "C": "通过蛋白激酶C通路发挥作用", "D": "通过受体型酪氨酸蛋白激酶途径发挥作用"}, "answer": "通过蛋白激酶A通路发挥作用", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "DIC时微血管内的血栓为(  )。", "options": {"A": "混合血栓", "B": "白色血栓", "C": "透明血栓", "D": "红色血栓"}, "answer": "透明血栓", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.7个月婴儿每日所需8%的糖牛奶量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "1000ml", "B": "700ml", "C": "660ml", "D": "300ml"}, "answer": "700ml", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.癌巢中有角化珠和细胞间桥(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺鳞癌", "B": "肺小细胞癌", "C": "肺瘢痕癌", "D": "大细胞癌"}, "answer": "肺鳞癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男性,65岁,陈旧性广泛前壁心肌梗死7年,活动后胸闷,心悸、气短2年,近1周出现夜间阵发性呼吸困难。体检:端坐呼吸,BP 160/90mmHg,P 120/min。P2亢进,心脏各瓣膜区未闻及杂音;双肺底可闻及细湿啰音,双肺散在哮鸣音;腹平软,肝脾肋下未触及,双下肢无水肿。空腹血糖4.2mmol/L。心电图:V1~V6导联ST段压低0.05~0.1mV。血清肌钙蛋白I正常。2.该患者暂不宜立即使用(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛花苷C", "B": "卡维地洛", "C": "硝普钠", "D": "呋塞米"}, "answer": "卡维地洛", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性有机磷农药中毒发生肺水肿,首要措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "强心苷静脉注射", "B": "静脉注射阿托品", "C": "吗啡静脉注射", "D": "解磷胺静脉注射"}, "answer": "静脉注射阿托品", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,50岁,半年来双腕、掌指和指间关节对称性肿痛,化验:ESR 35mm/1h末,RF阳性。3.本例病人的最可能诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "风湿性关节炎", "B": "类风湿关节炎", "C": "系统性红斑狼疮", "D": "强直性脊柱炎"}, "answer": "类风湿关节炎", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不容易发生佝偻病的有(  )。", "options": {"A": "早产儿", "B": "双胞胎小儿", "C": "重度营养不良小儿", "D": "生长发育过快的小儿"}, "answer": "重度营养不良小儿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "滕某,男22岁,1年前因精神刺激表现为郁郁不乐,认为自己有罪,耳边听到有说话声,内容说不出,有时侧耳倾听“地球隆隆响声”,问家人“为什么我想的事别人都知道”,看见小汽车非常恐惧,不出门,独处一隅,喝酒,自语、自笑。躯体、神经系统检查均正常。意识清晰,一次突然对着打开的电风扇下跪说:“我有罪,该死。”近期听到电风扇有一男人说:“你是叛徒,内奸。”认为自己大脑被一名死者控制着,哭笑都不受自己支配,自己想事别人通过遥控器控制他,有时想事想到一半时,认为想法被一个死人“抽走”了,无法继续想下去。2.最佳的治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "心理治疗", "B": "氯丙嗪", "C": "脑器质性病治疗", "D": "行为矫正"}, "answer": "氯丙嗪", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "骨髓中不出现幼红细胞的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性失血后贫血", "B": "溶血性贫血", "C": "骨髓纤维化", "D": "再障"}, "answer": "再障", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "36周男婴,出生体重1.5kg,生后3d体温不升,需要暖箱,该暖箱温度应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "32℃", "B": "33℃", "C": "34℃", "D": "35℃"}, "answer": "34℃", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "组织液的生成主要决定于(  )。", "options": {"A": "有效滤过压", "B": "毛细血管血压", "C": "淋巴回流", "D": "组织液静水压"}, "answer": "有效滤过压", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "稽留热最常见的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大叶性肺炎", "B": "急性肾盂肾炎", "C": "支原体肺炎", "D": "肺癌"}, "answer": "大叶性肺炎", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "骨与关节结核皮肤窦道形成大量脓液,细菌学检查证实为混合感染,体温39℃,WBC18×109/L(18000/mm3),一般情况差,治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯抗结核治疗", "B": "脓肿引流、抗感染、支持疗法", "C": "制动", "D": "第三代头孢菌素"}, "answer": "脓肿引流、抗感染、支持疗法", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性重型肝炎防治肝性脑病措施中,哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "高蛋白饮食", "B": "脱水治疗", "C": "给以六合氨基酸", "D": "给予左旋多巴治疗"}, "answer": "高蛋白饮食", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.肾病综合征常见(  )。", "options": {"A": "微小病变型肾病", "B": "毛细血管内增生性肾炎", "C": "新月体肾炎", "D": "系膜毛细血管性肾炎"}, "answer": "微小病变型肾病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.豚鼠组织成分与绵羊RBC的共同抗原是(  )。", "options": {"A": "同种异型抗原", "B": "异嗜性抗原", "C": "自身抗原", "D": "肿瘤相关抗原"}, "answer": "异嗜性抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,56岁。上腹不适,进食后饱胀2个月,时有恶心、呕吐,上腹部隐痛,无烧心、反酸,查体:T 36.5℃,P 80次/分,R 18次/分,BP 120/80mmHg。身高170cm,体重52kg,心肺查体未见异常,上腹部轻压痛,无肌紧张、反跳痛。胃镜在胃体小弯侧见直径2.5cm溃疡。上有污秽苔,质脆易出血,其转移灶最常见的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨", "B": "肺", "C": "肝", "D": "脑"}, "answer": "肝", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "营养不良患儿皮下脂肪消失的顺序是(  )。", "options": {"A": "面颊-胸背-腹部-臀部-四肢", "B": "胸背-腹部-臀部-四肢-面颊", "C": "腹部-胸背-臀部-四肢-面颊", "D": "臀部-四肢-面颊-胸背-腹部"}, "answer": "腹部-胸背-臀部-四肢-面颊", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,55岁。急性心肌梗死4周,今晨再发胸痛,持续8小时不缓解,遂来急诊。查体:BP 100/60mmHg,心率95次/分,心肺检查无异常,心电图Ⅰ、aVL导联ST段弓背向上抬高。血清肌钙蛋白升高。该患者胸痛最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏破裂", "B": "室壁瘤", "C": "再发急性心肌梗死", "D": "心绞痛"}, "answer": "再发急性心肌梗死", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "足月儿,日龄5天,出生时有窒息,生后72小时内烦躁不安,吃奶差,肌张力稍高,有自发或刺激引起肌阵挛,以后渐好转,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿败血症", "B": "新生儿颅内出血", "C": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项不符合慢性炎症的病变?(  )", "options": {"A": "大量纤维素渗出", "B": "炎症性息肉", "C": "炎性假瘤", "D": "炎性肉芽肿形成"}, "answer": "大量纤维素渗出", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男婴,胎龄291天,出生体重3850g,其体重位于同胎龄标准体重的第80百分位,下述诊断哪项是恰当而全面的?(  )", "options": {"A": "过期产儿,大于适龄儿", "B": "过期产儿巨大儿", "C": "足月儿,适与胎龄儿", "D": "足月儿,巨大儿"}, "answer": "足月儿,适与胎龄儿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "阿司匹林的抗血小板作用机制为(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制血小板中TXA2的合成", "B": "抑制内皮细胞中TXA2的合成", "C": "激活环氧酶", "D": "促进血小板中PGI2的合成"}, "answer": "抑制血小板中TXA2的合成", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.合并低钾血症的高血压患者降压不宜使用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "噻嗪类利尿剂", "B": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂", "C": "二氢吡啶类钙通道阻滞剂", "D": "β受体阻滞剂"}, "answer": "噻嗪类利尿剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "疑似输血引起不良后果的,医患双方应共同对现场实物进行封存,封存的现场实物应由(  )。", "options": {"A": "患者保管", "B": "医疗机构保管", "C": "患者和医疗机构任何一方均可以保管", "D": "医疗机构所在地的卫生行政部门保管"}, "answer": "医疗机构保管", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,75岁。风湿性心脏瓣膜病21年。因心悸6天就诊。查体:自动体位,血压150/70mmHg,心率109次/分,心律绝对不齐,心音强弱不等。心电图示:心房颤动。2.宜首选的抗凝治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "华法林", "B": "阿司肛林", "C": "肝素", "D": "尿激酶"}, "answer": "华法林", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列属于糖酵解途径关键酶的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "6-磷酸葡萄糖酶", "B": "丙酮酸激酶", "C": "苹果酸脱氢酶", "D": "6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶"}, "answer": "丙酮酸激酶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "动脉导管未闭常引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "左心房、右心房、左心室扩大", "B": "左心房、右心房、右心室扩大", "C": "左心房、左心室扩大", "D": "右心房、右心室、左心室扩大"}, "answer": "左心房、左心室扩大", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为下运动神经元瘫痪的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "痉挛性瘫痪", "B": "出现病理反射", "C": "弛缓性瘫痪", "D": "腱反射亢进"}, "answer": "弛缓性瘫痪", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,2岁,低热、盗汗、乏力半个月余,头痛,间断抽搐5天。查体:精神萎靡,颈强,克氏征阳性。胸片正常,OT试验(+++)。脑脊液:白细胞320×106/L,中性粒细胞占0.4,淋巴细胞占0.6,蛋白质(+)。诊断为结核性脑膜炎。3.应用泼尼松的目的不是为了(  )。", "options": {"A": "减轻脑水肿", "B": "抑制炎症渗出", "C": "降低颅内压", "D": "减轻症状,缩短病程"}, "answer": "减轻症状,缩短病程", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "自身免疫病治疗原则中为免疫抑制方法的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮质激素", "B": "硫唑嘌呤", "C": "水杨酸制剂", "D": "自身Ag耦联毒素导向"}, "answer": "硫唑嘌呤", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性肾衰竭患者出现下列检查结果,需要紧急透析治疗的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血肌酐700μmol/L", "B": "血钾6.8μmol/L", "C": "血钠130mmol/L", "D": "血钙1.9mmol/L"}, "answer": "血钾6.8μmol/L", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "腹部闭合性损伤最常受损的器官是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝", "B": "胃", "C": "肾", "D": "脾"}, "answer": "脾", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.上述属于医生违背尊重原则的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "医生对患者的呼叫或提问给予应答", "B": "医生的行为使某个患者受益,但却给别的患者带来了损害", "C": "妊娠危及母亲的生命时,医生给予引产", "D": "医生尊重患者是指满足患者的一切要求"}, "answer": "医生尊重患者是指满足患者的一切要求", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.儿童苯丙酮尿症的初筛选用的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血TSH测定", "B": "染色体核型分析", "C": "尿三氯化铁试验", "D": "尿蝶呤分析"}, "answer": "尿三氯化铁试验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是血浆清蛋白的主要生理功能?(  )", "options": {"A": "清蛋白分子中有识别和结合抗原的主要部位", "B": "维持血浆胶体渗透压", "C": "具有很强的结合补体和抗细菌功能", "D": "清蛋白可运输铁、铜等金属离子"}, "answer": "维持血浆胶体渗透压", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于中枢神经系统白血病,下列各项中正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "成人较儿童多见", "B": "可发生在疾病各期,但常发生在缓解期", "C": "脑膜不受累", "D": "初诊时存在,骨髓缓解后消失"}, "answer": "可发生在疾病各期,但常发生在缓解期", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项为急性有机磷农药中毒最主要的死因?(  )", "options": {"A": "急性肾功能衰竭", "B": "呼吸衰竭", "C": "中毒性心肌炎", "D": "脑水肿"}, "answer": "呼吸衰竭", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,30岁,4h前跌伤后昏迷5min,清醒后步行回家。1h前因剧烈头痛,呕吐3次送来急诊。查体:昏迷,脉搏64/min,血压180/90mmHg,呼吸18/min,左瞳3mm,右瞳2mm,右上、下肢肌力Ⅲ级。1.诊断应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑挫伤", "B": "急性硬膜外血肿", "C": "急性硬膜下血肿", "D": "急性脑内血肿"}, "answer": "急性硬膜外血肿", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.有机磷农药中毒时,副交感神经节后纤维兴奋表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "平滑肌痉挛和腺体分泌增加", "B": "局部或全身横纹肌纤维束颤动", "C": "头晕乏力,共济失调,抽搐", "D": "下肢瘫痪"}, "answer": "平滑肌痉挛和腺体分泌增加", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.患者,男,50岁。不明原因晕厥,心电图示宽QRS波型心动过速,心室率150次/分.血压60/45mmHg(  )。", "options": {"A": "临时心脏起搏器植入", "B": "直流电复律", "C": "毛花苷丙(西地兰)", "D": "阿托品"}, "answer": "直流电复律", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "变异型心绞痛发作时,心电图的改变为(  )。", "options": {"A": "有关导联ST段降低", "B": "有关导联ST段抬高", "C": "有关导联原来倒置的T波变直立", "D": "有关导联T波低平"}, "answer": "有关导联ST段抬高", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.慢性腹泻(  )。", "options": {"A": "病程<2周", "B": "病程>2个月", "C": "病程>6个月", "D": "病程2周~6个月"}, "answer": "病程>2个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肝脏Glisson纤维鞘内包裹的管道有(  )。", "options": {"A": "门静脉、肝静脉、肝胆管", "B": "门静脉、肝动脉、胆总管", "C": "门静脉、肝动脉、肝胆管", "D": "肝静脉、肝胆管、肝动脉"}, "answer": "门静脉、肝动脉、肝胆管", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.普萘洛尔(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制TH合成", "B": "抑制TH合成,阻抑T4外周组织中转化为T3", "C": "阻抑T4外周组织中转化为T3", "D": "破坏甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞"}, "answer": "阻抑T4外周组织中转化为T3", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "血吸虫病时形成的虫卵结节中,不含有下列何种结构?(  )", "options": {"A": "干酪性坏死", "B": "类上皮细胞", "C": "多核巨细胞", "D": "嗜酸性粒细胞"}, "answer": "干酪性坏死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "血栓闭塞性脉管炎诊断要点中不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "多为有吸烟嗜好的青壮年男性", "B": "有游走性浅静脉炎病史", "C": "多合并有高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病", "D": "患肢足背动脉搏动减弱或消失"}, "answer": "多合并有高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,44岁,健康体检发现甲状腺肿大就诊,查体甲状腺对称性Ⅱ度肿大,表面不平,中等硬度,无触痛,无血管杂音,心率78/min,拟诊慢性淋巴性甲状腺炎,有助于确诊的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "TSH、FT3、FT4", "B": "抗甲状腺抗体", "C": "甲状腺吸131I率", "D": "甲状腺CT"}, "answer": "抗甲状腺抗体", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "老年急性阑尾炎的临床特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阑尾容易缺血、坏死", "B": "常有寒战、高热", "C": "腹痛、恶心明显", "D": "右下腹压痛明显"}, "answer": "阑尾容易缺血、坏死", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.发挥作用最慢的利尿药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氢氯噻嗪", "B": "阿米洛利", "C": "氨苯蝶啶", "D": "螺内酯"}, "answer": "螺内酯", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "治疗类风湿关节炎首选的改变病情的抗风湿药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲氨蝶呤", "B": "糖皮质激素", "C": "非甾体抗炎药", "D": "环磷酰胺"}, "answer": "甲氨蝶呤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,76岁。高血压病史1年,血压波动于170~190/60~65mmHg,查体未见明显异常。实验室检查:血常规、尿常规、肾功能、空腹血糖、血脂等均正常。心电图正常。该患者的收缩压控制目标值至少低于(  )。", "options": {"A": "140mmHg", "B": "170mmHg", "C": "150mmHg", "D": "160mmHg"}, "answer": "150mmHg", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是脑动脉粥样硬化最常受累的动脉?(  )", "options": {"A": "大脑中动脉", "B": "颈内动脉起始部", "C": "大脑后动脉", "D": "基底动脉"}, "answer": "大脑中动脉", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "中枢性瘫痪与周围性瘫痪最有肯定意义的鉴别点为(  )。", "options": {"A": "瘫痪范围的大小与程度", "B": "有无肌肉萎缩", "C": "肌张力增高或减低", "D": "有无病理反射"}, "answer": "有无病理反射", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.引起梅毒的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "艰难杆菌", "B": "苍白密螺旋体", "C": "甲型溶血性链球菌", "D": "白假丝酵母菌(白色念珠菌)"}, "answer": "苍白密螺旋体", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不符合重型再障表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "贫血进行性加重", "B": "出血部位广泛", "C": "中性粒细胞绝对值>0.5×109/L", "D": "血小板<20×109/L"}, "answer": "中性粒细胞绝对值>0.5×109/L", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心肌工作细胞具有兴奋性的前提是Na+通道处于(  )。", "options": {"A": "备用状态", "B": "启动状态", "C": "失活状态", "D": "超极化状态"}, "answer": "备用状态", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "幼儿急疹出疹时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "先出疹后退热", "B": "退热后出疹", "C": "边出疹边退热", "D": "出疹1~2天后退热"}, "answer": "退热后出疹", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性肾脏病(CKD)4期是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "GFR 15~29ml/(min·1.73m2)", "B": "GFR≥60ml/(min·1.73m2)", "C": "GFR<15ml/(min·1.73m2)", "D": "GFR 50~59ml/(min·1.73m2)"}, "answer": "GFR 15~29ml/(min·1.73m2)", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,24岁。鞍区肿瘤切除手术后第1天,尿量>4000ml/24h,尿比重<1.005,并逐渐出现意识障碍,复查头颅CT为常见术后改变。最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛛网膜下隙出血", "B": "下丘脑损伤", "C": "脑水肿", "D": "脑干损伤"}, "answer": "下丘脑损伤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不属于锥体外系的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纹状体", "B": "黑质", "C": "丘脑底核", "D": "内囊"}, "answer": "内囊", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.以人为本主义理论为基础的疗法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "自由联想疗法", "B": "询者中心疗法", "C": "系统脱敏疗法", "D": "支持疗法"}, "answer": "询者中心疗法", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "发生温抗体型自身免疫性溶血性贫血时,部分红细胞可出现的异常形态是(  )。", "options": {"A": "棘形", "B": "球形", "C": "椭圆形", "D": "镰刀状"}, "answer": "球形", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,70岁,有多年排尿困难,呈淋漓状,近2年来双侧腹股沟区出现半圆形肿块,站立时明显,平卧后消失,体检时压迫内环肿块仍出现,诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹股沟直疝", "B": "股疝", "C": "切口疝", "D": "巨大疝"}, "answer": "腹股沟直疝", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "妊娠期高血压疾病的发病的高危因素因素不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "孕妇过于年轻或高龄初产妇", "B": "既往有慢性高血压、肾炎病史", "C": "营养不良或过于肥胖", "D": "有过流产史的经产妇"}, "answer": "有过流产史的经产妇", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男孩,4岁。咳嗽3个月,痰不多,常于夜间咳醒,活动后加重,无发热,使用抗生素无明显好转。既往有湿疹史。查体:T 36.5℃,P 100次/分,R 20次/分,双肺呼吸音粗,未闻及干湿性啰音,腹软,无压痛。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "喘息性支气管炎", "B": "支气管肺炎", "C": "咳嗽变异型哮喘", "D": "支气管炎"}, "answer": "咳嗽变异型哮喘", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有一名30岁男性患者,车祸右额颞部着地,伤后意识不清,约半小时后清醒,醒后头痛,有呕吐,3小时后又出现意识障碍。正侧位颅片示右颞线状骨折,骨折线跨过脑膜中动脉沟;CT示右颞梭形高密度形,脑室中线受压移位。入院时右瞳孔散大。3.治疗的根本措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "20%甘露醇250ml静脉滴注", "B": "0.4g止血芳酸静脉滴注", "C": "气管切开", "D": "血肿清除术"}, "answer": "血肿清除术", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肺炎链球菌性肺炎的病理改变为(  )。", "options": {"A": "大叶性实变", "B": "两肺弥漫性实变", "C": "小叶性实变", "D": "小叶融合性实变"}, "answer": "大叶性实变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "8个月男孩,母乳喂养,未加辅食,生后6个月内生长发育良好,2个月来面色黄、反应呆滞。查体:面色蜡黄,嗜睡,舌震颤,心肺无异常,肝肋下3cm,腱反射亢进,踝阵挛阳性。3.应选择下列哪项治疗最佳(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌注vitB12", "B": "输血治疗", "C": "激素治疗", "D": "康力龙治疗"}, "answer": "肌注vitB12", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项不是主动脉瓣狭窄的主要临床表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "栓塞", "B": "心绞痛", "C": "左心功能不全", "D": "猝死"}, "answer": "栓塞", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪项与营养性巨幼细胞性贫血的发病机制无关?(  )", "options": {"A": "红细胞的分裂增殖时间延长", "B": "DNA合成减少", "C": "红细胞中血红蛋白合成减少", "D": "巨幼红细胞在骨髓内易遭破坏"}, "answer": "红细胞中血红蛋白合成减少", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肝癌的临床表现中,提示属晚期表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹胀、乏力", "B": "食欲缺乏", "C": "肝区肿块", "D": "贫血"}, "answer": "肝区肿块", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "21岁男性,右腕完全离断伤,再植术后当天,患者诉说有疼痛,此时应重点观察(  )。", "options": {"A": "疼痛的变化", "B": "脉搏的变化", "C": "体温的变化", "D": "患指血循环的变化"}, "answer": "患指血循环的变化", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.内环境是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞内液", "B": "细胞外液", "C": "细胞外液和细胞内液", "D": "组织液"}, "answer": "细胞外液", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "迟发型超敏反应中最重要的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Mφ", "B": "B细胞", "C": "Thl", "D": "嗜碱粒细胞"}, "answer": "Thl", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "巨幼细胞性贫血给予叶酸制剂治疗后不对的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1~2天食欲好转", "B": "2~4天网织红细胞增加", "C": "血红蛋白正常后继续用4~8周,以增加体内储存", "D": "维生素C有助于叶酸的吸收"}, "answer": "血红蛋白正常后继续用4~8周,以增加体内储存", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "生后48小时内无胎便或少量胎便,以后即有顽固性便秘和腹胀,最常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "继发性巨结肠", "B": "特发性巨结肠", "C": "先天性肠闭锁", "D": "先天性巨结肠"}, "answer": "先天性巨结肠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,26岁,饱餐后剧烈运动时腹痛2小时,阵发性加剧,脐周伴腰背痛,呕吐频繁,吐后症状无缓解,腹肌紧张,脐周有压痛及反跳痛,肠鸣音亢进,有气过水声。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃扭转", "B": "小肠扭转", "C": "肠系膜血管栓塞", "D": "肠套叠"}, "answer": "小肠扭转", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.女性40岁,中度弥漫性甲状腺肿伴甲亢合并迁延性肝炎,且对抗甲状腺药物过敏,首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "硫脲类制剂", "B": "心得安", "C": "131I", "D": "手术"}, "answer": "131I", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿特异性体液免疫的正确认识是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B细胞免疫的发育较T细胞免疫早", "B": "IgG类抗体应答需在出生1年后才出现", "C": "IgM类抗体在胎儿期即可产生", "D": "足月新生儿B细胞量低于成人"}, "answer": "IgM类抗体在胎儿期即可产生", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,22岁,月经增多8个月,2周来牙龈出血,下肢皮肤散在出血点与瘀斑,血红蛋白789/L,白细胞5.0×109/L,临床考虑为特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)。1.哪一项检查是ITP的直接证据?(  )", "options": {"A": "抗血小板糖蛋白Ⅱb、Ⅲa自身抗体测定", "B": "血小板寿命缩短", "C": "PAIgG阳性", "D": "外周血出现巨大血小板,出血时间延长"}, "answer": "血小板寿命缩短", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "Cushing溃疡是指由下列哪种原因引起的?(  )", "options": {"A": "严重的脏器疾病", "B": "大手术", "C": "大面积烧伤", "D": "中枢神经病变"}, "answer": "中枢神经病变", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "可能不是脊髓病变引起的瘫痪的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一侧上下肢上运动神经元性瘫痪", "B": "四肢上运动神经元性瘫痪", "C": "双上肢下运动神经元性瘫痪,双下肢上运动神经元性瘫痪", "D": "一侧上肢上运动神经元性瘫痪"}, "answer": "一侧上肢上运动神经元性瘫痪", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,45岁,体检发现血压150/96mmHg,心率80次/min,血糖8.0mmol/L,HbAlc 8.0%。1.该患者首选降压药(  )。", "options": {"A": "硝苯地平缓释片", "B": "依那普利", "C": "美托洛尔", "D": "氯沙坦"}, "answer": "依那普利", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医学伦理学的有利原则不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "努力使患者受益", "B": "关于患者的客观利益和主观利益", "C": "努力预防或减少难以避免的伤害", "D": "把患者的利益看得高于一切"}, "answer": "把患者的利益看得高于一切", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "面对同样的社会应激,有人难以适应而得病,有人很快渡过难关。医学心理学解释此现象的基本观点为(  )。", "options": {"A": "情绪作用的观点", "B": "人格特征的观点", "C": "心身统一的观点", "D": "主动调节的观点"}, "answer": "人格特征的观点", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "Km值是指反应速度为(  )。", "options": {"A": "最大反应速度一半时的酶浓度", "B": "最大反应速度一半时的底物浓度", "C": "最大反应速度时的酶浓度", "D": "最大反应速度时的底物浓度"}, "answer": "最大反应速度一半时的底物浓度", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对药物治疗无效的反复发作室性心动过速或心室颤动的心力衰竭患者,最适宜的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "植入型心脏转复除颤器", "B": "服用阿托品", "C": "安置房室顺序起搏器", "D": "电复律"}, "answer": "植入型心脏转复除颤器", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有一年轻男性患者,在得知自己患了黄疸性肝炎以后,很恐惧,怕女朋友离开他,怕同车间的伙伴疏远他,所以十分恳切地请求医师替他保密。医师看他很值得同情,就决定替他保守这个秘密,但要求他抓紧治疗,不要耽误了病情。2.医师的正确做法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "替病人保密,给他开一些对症的药,让他在家治疗,以免别人知道", "B": "替病人保密的同时,把他留在医院治疗", "C": "介绍他去别的医院", "D": "不能保密,让他住院,隔离治疗"}, "answer": "不能保密,让他住院,隔离治疗", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿肺炎的发病机制以下哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "低氧血症", "B": "二氧化碳潴留", "C": "毒血症", "D": "水钠潴留"}, "answer": "水钠潴留", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是溴隐亭治疗帕金森病的作用机制?(  )", "options": {"A": "减少多巴胺降解", "B": "激活多巴胺受体", "C": "中枢抗胆碱作用", "D": "提高脑内多巴胺浓度"}, "answer": "激活多巴胺受体", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列对肺鳞癌描述,哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺癌中较常见", "B": "常为中心型", "C": "生长迅速,病程短", "D": "通常先淋巴转移,血行转移发生晚"}, "answer": "生长迅速,病程短", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是心迷走神经末梢释放的递质?(  )", "options": {"A": "乙酰胆碱", "B": "组胺", "C": "去甲肾上腺素", "D": "谷氨酸"}, "answer": "乙酰胆碱", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "钩端螺旋体病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "变质性炎", "B": "增生性炎", "C": "化脓性炎", "D": "出血性炎"}, "answer": "出血性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "正常小儿牙齿萌出的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "4个月", "B": "6个月", "C": "4~6个月", "D": "4~10个月"}, "answer": "4~10个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,32岁,52天前右前臂因锐器刺伤,经清创缝合,现伤口愈合,但遗有爪形手畸形和骨间肌萎缩,该患者最可能的损伤为(  )。", "options": {"A": "桡神经损伤", "B": "尺神经损伤", "C": "骨间肌损伤", "D": "正中神经和桡神经损伤"}, "answer": "尺神经损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "颈动脉体最敏感的刺激是血液中的哪一项?(  )", "options": {"A": "CO2分压下降", "B": "感受器所处环境的PO2", "C": "高氧", "D": "H+浓度降低"}, "answer": "感受器所处环境的PO2", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "双下肢对称性紫癜伴荨麻疹者常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "过敏性紫癜", "B": "再生障碍性贫血", "C": "血小板减少", "D": "特发性血小板增多症"}, "answer": "过敏性紫癜", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "卵巢囊性肿物,切面见有毛发和皮脂样物,镜下见皮肤鳞状上皮,皮下有毛囊和皮脂腺,另外还见到支气管柱状上皮,纤维脂肪组织以及少量甲状腺组织,此瘤最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "错构瘤", "B": "良性畸胎瘤", "C": "恶性畸胎瘤", "D": "纤维脂肪瘤"}, "answer": "良性畸胎瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项为急性溶血的开始症状?(  )", "options": {"A": "腰背及四肢酸痛、头痛、呕吐、寒战、高热等", "B": "昏迷", "C": "休克", "D": "血红蛋白尿"}, "answer": "腰背及四肢酸痛、头痛、呕吐、寒战、高热等", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "双胍类降血糖药物的降糖作用机制为(  )。", "options": {"A": "促进基础胰岛素的分泌", "B": "延缓肠道碳水化合物的吸收", "C": "激活过氧化物酶增殖体活化因子受体", "D": "增加外周组织对葡萄糖的摄取和利用"}, "answer": "增加外周组织对葡萄糖的摄取和利用", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,18岁学生,不出门怕见人,不去上课,纠缠父母出钱给自己做美容手术半年。原因是半年来反复照镜子发现自己的鼻子比以前变大了,难看了。说班上的同学都讥笑他。出门就感觉别人在说他,别人的眼光看他时很特别,能使他头痛。父母不愿意出钱就说父母不关心他,不是父母亲生的,曾说要去做亲子鉴定3.判断一种抗精神病药是否有效至少要足量使用的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "4周", "B": "5周", "C": "6周", "D": "7周"}, "answer": "6周", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,64岁,胸骨后烧灼样疼痛2周。伴嗳气,偶有吞咽不畅。口服奥美拉唑治疗2周后疼痛缓解。1.应首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化性溃疡", "B": "食管癌", "C": "心绞痛", "D": "胃食管反流病"}, "answer": "胃食管反流病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "良性与恶性肿瘤判定中,下列哪项最有诊断意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "生长方式", "B": "肿瘤的异型性", "C": "对机体影响", "D": "出血与坏死"}, "answer": "肿瘤的异型性", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项可引起多数自身免疫病(  )。", "options": {"A": "基因的杂合性缺失", "B": "基因的微卫星不稳定性", "C": "遗传因素和环境因素的联合作用", "D": "激素调节功能障碍"}, "answer": "遗传因素和环境因素的联合作用", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于医疗机构的医疗收费下列表述最准确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "必须按照物价部门的有关规定收取医疗费用", "B": "必须按照物价部门的有关规定收取医疗费用,并出具收据", "C": "必须按照物价部门的有关规定收取医疗费用,详列细项,并出具收据", "D": "必须按照人民政府或者物价部门的有关规定收取医疗费用,详列细项,并出具收据"}, "answer": "必须按照人民政府或者物价部门的有关规定收取医疗费用,详列细项,并出具收据", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "30岁不孕妇女,痛经3年且逐渐加重。查子宫后壁有2个触痛性硬韧结节,右侧附件区扪及鸭卵大、活动不良囊性肿物,压痛不明显。1.右侧附件区囊性肿物最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "卵巢滤泡囊肿", "B": "输卵管卵巢囊肿", "C": "卵巢内膜异位囊肿", "D": "卵巢黄体囊肿"}, "answer": "卵巢内膜异位囊肿", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于伤寒的描述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结肠形成多发性不规则溃疡", "B": "盲肠形成多发性烧瓶状溃疡", "C": "回肠形成鹅口疮样溃疡", "D": "回肠形成多数圆形或椭圆形溃疡"}, "answer": "回肠形成多数圆形或椭圆形溃疡", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.医疗机构(  )。", "options": {"A": "承担传染病监测、预测、流行病学调查、疫情报告以及其他预防控制工作", "B": "承担与医疗救治有关的传染病防治工作和责任区域内的传染病预防工作", "C": "在各自的职责范围内辅助传染病防治工作", "D": "主管全国传染病防治及其监督管理工作"}, "answer": "承担与医疗救治有关的传染病防治工作和责任区域内的传染病预防工作", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "免疫的功能不是(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫防御", "B": "免疫稳定", "C": "免疫耐受", "D": "抗感染免疫"}, "answer": "免疫耐受", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "乳酸循环所需的NADH主要来自下述哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "脂酸β-氧化过程中产生的NADH", "B": "糖酵解过程中3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢产生的NADH", "C": "磷酸戊糖途径产生的NADPH经转氢生成的NADH", "D": "谷氨酸脱氢产生的NADH"}, "answer": "糖酵解过程中3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢产生的NADH", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "属于I型超敏反应的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "风湿病", "B": "过敏性休克", "C": "免疫性溶血性贫血", "D": "接触性皮炎"}, "answer": "过敏性休克", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,26岁,多血质外观,向心性肥胖,痤疮,下腹及大腿外侧见紫纹,血皮质醇明显升高。为进一步诊断病变部位,哪一项检查最有意义(  )。", "options": {"A": "血ACTH测定", "B": "尿l7-羟测定", "C": "小剂量地塞米松抑制试验", "D": "垂体CT"}, "answer": "血ACTH测定", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.有可能引起高钾血症的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡托普利", "B": "双嘧达莫", "C": "硝酸甘油", "D": "呋塞米"}, "answer": "卡托普利", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列有关钙拮抗剂的作用错误的叙述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制血小板聚集", "B": "降低血液黏稠度", "C": "促进胰岛素分泌", "D": "松弛支气管平滑肌"}, "answer": "促进胰岛素分泌", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,35岁,发作性头痛4年,部位不定,每次持续数小时至1天,发作前视物有模糊暗影,神经系统体检未见明显异常。脑CT未见异常,其母有类似发作史。头痛发作早期的首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯噻啶", "B": "麦角胺咖啡因", "C": "卡马西平", "D": "苯巴比妥"}, "answer": "麦角胺咖啡因", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "39岁已婚妇女,G3P3。自述阴部有一肿物脱出6个月。妇科检查见宫颈全部及部分宫体外露于阴道口,触之宫颈较长。最恰当的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阴道前后壁修补术", "B": "Manchester手术", "C": "阴道纵隔形成术", "D": "经阴道子宫全切及阴道前后壁修补术"}, "answer": "Manchester手术", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "25岁初孕妇,孕31周产前检查正常,孕34周出现头痛、眼花症状。检查血压180/110mmHg,尿蛋白2.6g/24h,水肿(++),眼底A/V=1:2,视网膜水肿。本例应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "轻度子痫前期", "B": "重度子痫前期", "C": "妊娠期蛋白尿", "D": "妊娠合并慢性肾炎"}, "answer": "重度子痫前期", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,26岁,发冷发热,轻度黄疸,脾肋下2cm,血红蛋白76g/L,白细胞12×109/L,血小板150×109/L,Coombs试验直接阳性,Ham试验阴性,诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "阵发性寒冷性血红蛋白尿", "B": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血", "C": "肝炎后合并继发性贫血", "D": "Evans综合征"}, "answer": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.趾跖屈乏力或不能,外踝部和足外侧皮肤感觉改变,出现在(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰3~4间盘后外侧突出", "B": "腰4~5间盘后外侧突出", "C": "腰5骶1间盘后外侧突出", "D": "骶1~2间盘后外侧突出"}, "answer": "腰5骶1间盘后外侧突出", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.SAM的生成过程是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲硫氨酸循环", "B": "嘌呤核苷酸循环", "C": "γ-谷氨酰基循环", "D": "鸟氨酸循环"}, "answer": "甲硫氨酸循环", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,28岁。上呼吸道感染后2周,出现肉眼血尿、颜面水肿入院。体检:血压20/13.5kPa(150/100mmHg),尿蛋白(+),红细胞满视野,血Cr 180μmol/L。2.本例此时应考虑的最可能诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性链球菌感染后肾炎", "B": "急进性肾炎", "C": "IgA肾病", "D": "系膜毛细血管性肾炎"}, "answer": "急性链球菌感染后肾炎", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "以下哪项是补液扩容基本控制的临床指标?(  )", "options": {"A": "心率<100次/分", "B": "尿量>30ml/h", "C": "精神安静", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肾病综合征最基本、最重要的病理生理机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小管重吸收蛋白不足", "B": "血浆蛋白分解代谢增强", "C": "大量蛋白尿从尿中丢失", "D": "蛋白质摄入不足"}, "answer": "大量蛋白尿从尿中丢失", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.肱骨外上髁炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "肩关节外展受限", "B": "肘关节外侧疼痛", "C": "肘关节活动受限", "D": "Finkelstein试验阳性"}, "answer": "肘关节外侧疼痛", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "受理医师执业注册申请的卫生行政部门对不符合条件不予注册的,书面通知申请人并说明理由的期限是自收到申请之日起(  )。", "options": {"A": "10日内", "B": "15日内", "C": "30日内", "D": "60日内"}, "answer": "30日内", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "严重的腺垂体功能减退症易发生低血糖主要是缺乏(  )。", "options": {"A": "PRL及LH", "B": "PRL及ACTH", "C": "GH及TSH", "D": "GH及ACTH"}, "answer": "GH及ACTH", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.能保护酶分子上的巯基的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙二酸", "B": "二巯基丙醇", "C": "胱氨酸", "D": "二异丙基氟磷酸"}, "answer": "二巯基丙醇", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,46岁。因白带多半年,性交后出血1周就诊。宫颈刮片病理:宫颈鳞癌,浸润深度7mm,肉眼见癌灶最大直径≤4cm。2.宜选的手术方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "广泛性子宫切除术+盆腔淋巴结切除术", "B": "放射治疗", "C": "术后及放射综合治疗", "D": "化疗"}, "answer": "广泛性子宫切除术+盆腔淋巴结切除术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "结核菌素试验阴性错误判断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "未感染过结核", "B": "结核初次感染后4~8周内", "C": "患麻疹后", "D": "正在患粟粒型肺结核"}, "answer": "正在患粟粒型肺结核", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "可释放组胺引起哮喘反应的白细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "嗜酸性粒细胞", "B": "中性粒细胞", "C": "淋巴细胞", "D": "嗜碱性粒细胞"}, "answer": "嗜碱性粒细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "高渗性脱水,其体液变化之最终表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞内液缺水", "B": "细胞内液缺水超过细胞外液缺水", "C": "细胞内外液等量缺水", "D": "细胞外液缺水超过细胞内液缺水"}, "answer": "细胞内液缺水超过细胞外液缺水", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.上述哪项对原核和真核生物蛋白质的合成都抑制?(  )", "options": {"A": "氯霉素", "B": "链霉素", "C": "白喉毒素", "D": "嘌呤霉素"}, "answer": "嘌呤霉素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.胸水检查示:胸水总蛋白15g/L,LDH56U/L,Glu 5.4mmol/L,ADA 23U/L。最可能的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心力衰竭所致胸水", "B": "类肺炎性胸水", "C": "乳糜胸水", "D": "恶性胸水"}, "answer": "心力衰竭所致胸水", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某糖尿病患者,50岁,昏迷,血压80/60mmHg(10.6/8kPa),血糖24.0mmol/L,血钠155mmol/L,血钾4.0mmol/L,二氧化碳结合力12mmol/L,尿糖(+++),尿酮体(++)。治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "补充液体和电解质,纠正酸中毒", "B": "小剂量胰岛素治疗,补充液体和平衡电解质", "C": "大剂量胰岛素治疗,纠正酸中毒", "D": "小剂量胰岛素,中枢兴奋剂"}, "answer": "小剂量胰岛素治疗,补充液体和平衡电解质", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "先天性腹股沟斜疝发生的最主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹横肌发育不全", "B": "腹横筋膜发育不全", "C": "腹内斜肌发育不全", "D": "腹膜鞘突不闭锁"}, "answer": "腹膜鞘突不闭锁", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于继发性肺结核病的描述,恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺门淋巴结常有明显的结核病变", "B": "不经治疗多数能自然痊愈", "C": "不易形成空洞", "D": "咯血是常见的死亡原因之一"}, "answer": "咯血是常见的死亡原因之一", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "癫痫的临床诊断大多数情况下需依据(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑电图改变", "B": "目睹其发作", "C": "有无家族史", "D": "确切的病史"}, "answer": "确切的病史", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,61岁,突然意识不清1小时。头颅CT显示右侧大脑半球3cm×3cm×6cm高密度影,诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "昏厥", "B": "脑出血", "C": "脑栓塞", "D": "脑血栓形成"}, "answer": "脑出血", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "心尖区舒张期杂音考虑的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动脉狭窄", "B": "肺动脉狭窄", "C": "动脉导管未闭", "D": "二尖瓣狭窄"}, "answer": "二尖瓣狭窄", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.化脓性脑膜炎的脑脊液改变(  )。", "options": {"A": "白细胞数5×106/L,淋巴细胞为主,蛋白0.3g/L,糖3.5mmol/L", "B": "白细胞数2000×106/L,中性粒细胞为主,蛋白1g/L,糖1.5mmol/L", "C": "白细胞数50×106/L,淋巴细胞为主,蛋白0.8g/L,糖3.5mmol/L", "D": "白细胞数5×106/L,淋巴细胞为主,蛋白0.3g/L,糖2.5mmol/L"}, "answer": "白细胞数2000×106/L,中性粒细胞为主,蛋白1g/L,糖1.5mmol/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪项是骨折X线检查的重要意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "明确骨折的诊断", "B": "判断骨折的预后", "C": "了解组织的损伤情况", "D": "了解骨折的发生机制"}, "answer": "明确骨折的诊断", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "门脉高压症合并食管静脉曲张手术治疗的最主要目的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "防止肝癌的发生", "B": "减少腹腔积液", "C": "预防上消化道出血", "D": "防止肝功能衰竭"}, "answer": "预防上消化道出血", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为恶性肿瘤的主要生长方式?(  )", "options": {"A": "浸润性生长", "B": "内生性生长", "C": "内翻性生长", "D": "外生性生长"}, "answer": "浸润性生长", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某医师随机抽取性别、病情严重程度等条件相近的红斑狼疮患者28例,随机等分为两个治疗组。一个疗程后检测dsDNA抗体滴定资料如下:", "options": {"A": "χ2检验", "B": "t检验", "C": "Z检验", "D": "方差分析"}, "answer": "χ2检验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,22岁,肥胖,皮肤痤疮,血压140/90mmHg,24小时尿17一羟为25m9,给予地塞米松0.5mg,每6小时一次,共2日,再测尿17-羟为6mg/24h。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺皮质腺瘤", "B": "肾上腺皮质腺癌", "C": "异位ACTH综合征", "D": "单纯性肥胖"}, "answer": "单纯性肥胖", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪一项不是诊断脑震荡的依据?(  )", "options": {"A": "伤后立即出现意识障碍", "B": "意识障碍期间可有皮肤苍白、血压下降、呼吸浅慢", "C": "清醒后头痛、恶心、呕吐", "D": "脑脊液红细胞阳性"}, "answer": "脑脊液红细胞阳性", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪种物质不是TD抗原(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清蛋白", "B": "类毒素", "C": "细菌多糖", "D": "补体"}, "answer": "细菌多糖", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "葡萄糖代谢的核心物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙酮酸", "B": "脂肪酸", "C": "氨基酸", "D": "多肽"}, "answer": "丙酮酸", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不用于降低颅内压的静脉注射制剂是(  )。", "options": {"A": "速尿", "B": "血浆", "C": "20%甘露醇", "D": "30%尿素山梨醇"}, "answer": "血浆", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,78岁。腰骶部疼痛2个月。直肠指诊前列腺增大,有结节,质地坚硬且侵犯直肠,血清PSA 80.6mg/ml,前列腺穿刺活检诊断前列腺癌,放射性核素骨显像见腰椎转移病灶。1.该患者临床分期是(  )。", "options": {"A": "T4期", "B": "T1期", "C": "T2a期", "D": "T2b期"}, "answer": "T4期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在慢支的病因中最易导致粘液-纤毛消除功能障碍的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸烟", "B": "理化因素", "C": "感染因素", "D": "过敏因素"}, "answer": "吸烟", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "冠心病植入药物洗脱支架者,需要接受阿司匹林及氯吡格雷抗血小板治疗的时间至少为(  )。", "options": {"A": "12个月", "B": "1个月", "C": "9个月", "D": "6个月"}, "answer": "12个月", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,66岁,近3年来无明显诱因下出现记忆力减退,将钱物分散收藏,事后不能回忆地点,对亲人漠不关心,不让孙子分享其糕点,病情最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "老年期精神病", "B": "阿尔茨海默病", "C": "情感障碍", "D": "遗忘综合征"}, "answer": "阿尔茨海默病", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "35岁已婚女性,G3P1,月经规律,无痛经。人工流产后2年来经常下腹部隐痛、腰酸胀。时轻时重,无发热。妇科检查:子宫后位不活动,双侧附件增厚,轻度压痛。以下的诊断和处理哪项正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "可能的诊断为慢性盆腔炎", "B": "可能的诊断为子宫内膜异位症", "C": "慢性盆腔炎均有急性盆腔炎病史", "D": "应给予物理治疗或手术治疗"}, "answer": "可能的诊断为慢性盆腔炎", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪种细胞表面不表达HLA-I类抗原?(  )", "options": {"A": "成熟红细胞", "B": "淋巴细胞", "C": "网织红细胞", "D": "粒细胞"}, "answer": "成熟红细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "预防肠道传染病的综合措施中,起主导作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "隔离治疗病人", "B": "隔离治疗带菌者", "C": "切断传播途径", "D": "疫苗接种"}, "answer": "切断传播途径", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,52岁,突发脑出血,头痛,呕吐,昏迷,血压200/120mmHg,应迅速采取的治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "止血", "B": "降血压", "C": "降颅压", "D": "维持生命体征"}, "answer": "降颅压", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.十二指肠球溃疡腹痛规律是(  )。", "options": {"A": "持续性腹痛", "B": "疼痛→排便加重", "C": "进食→疼痛→缓解", "D": "疼痛→进食→缓解"}, "answer": "疼痛→进食→缓解", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.检查眼底时可选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "新斯的明", "B": "氯解磷定", "C": "阿托品", "D": "异丙肾上腺素"}, "answer": "阿托品", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "体内脂肪酸合成的主要原料是(  )。", "options": {"A": "NADPH和乙酰CoA", "B": "NADPH和丙二酰CoA", "C": "NADH和乙酰CoA", "D": "NADH和丙二酰CoA"}, "answer": "NADPH和乙酰CoA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "根据胃癌组织病理学分类,下列不属于普通型胃癌的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "管状腺癌", "B": "腺鳞癌", "C": "黏液腺癌", "D": "印戒细胞癌"}, "answer": "腺鳞癌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.最易引起股骨头缺血坏死的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "股骨颈头下骨折", "B": "股骨颈内收骨折", "C": "股骨颈外展骨折", "D": "股骨颈基底部骨折"}, "answer": "股骨颈头下骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,43岁。乙肝肝硬化10年,近1周来高热伴乏力,出现鼻出血和皮肤多处瘀斑。为确定患者是否并发DIC,最有价值的实验室检查指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血浆FⅧ:C下降", "B": "血浆凝血酶原下降", "C": "血浆纤维蛋白原下降", "D": "PT延长"}, "answer": "血浆FⅧ:C下降", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "病原体侵入人体后,临床上不显示出任何症状、体征,但可产生特异性免疫,被称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "病原体被清除", "B": "隐性感染", "C": "显性感染", "D": "病原携带状态"}, "answer": "隐性感染", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "蛋白质合成后经化学修饰的氨基酸为(  )。", "options": {"A": "丝氨酸", "B": "半胱氨酸", "C": "羟脯氨酸", "D": "蛋(甲硫)氨酸"}, "answer": "羟脯氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,25岁,低热,腹痛1个月,尿少,腹围增加1周,查体腹部弥漫压痛(+),揉面感,移动性浊音阳性。1.对该患者诊断最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾功能", "B": "腹腔穿刺", "C": "尿常规", "D": "妇科盆腔检查"}, "answer": "腹腔穿刺", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.未经患者或者患者家属同意,对患者进行实验性治疗的,由卫生行政部门给予的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "暂停执业活动3个月至6个月", "B": "暂停执业活动6个月至1年", "C": "吊销医师执业证书", "D": "追究刑事责任"}, "answer": "暂停执业活动6个月至1年", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "老年患者突然发生寒战、高热、咳嗽、咳痰,痰呈砖红色胶胨状,引起肺部感染最可能的病原菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄球菌", "B": "克雷伯杆菌", "C": "铜绿假单胞菌", "D": "流感嗜血杆菌"}, "answer": "克雷伯杆菌", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是辅酶在酶促反应中的作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "起运载体的作用", "B": "参加活性中心的组成", "C": "促进中间复合物形成", "D": "提供必需基团"}, "answer": "起运载体的作用", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "31岁妇女,平时月经规律,停经58日,阴道少量流血10日,偶存阵发性腹痛。妇科检查:宫颈着色,宫体如妊娠4个月左右大小,双附件区均扪及块物。3.有助于确诊本病的辅助诊断手段是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血β-hCG放免法测定", "B": "B型超声检查", "C": "诊断性刮宫", "D": "超声多普勒查胎心率"}, "answer": "B型超声检查", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "人体合成胆固醇的主要场所是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心", "B": "肾", "C": "肝", "D": "小肠"}, "answer": "肝", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不符合急性胰腺炎腹痛特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹痛多位于上腹中部", "B": "常在饱食、脂餐或大量饮酒后发生", "C": "腹痛剧烈不为一般解痉剂缓解", "D": "呕吐后腹痛可减轻"}, "answer": "呕吐后腹痛可减轻", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,31岁。有胃溃疡穿孔手术史,2天前出现腹胀、腹痛伴呕吐,肛门停止排便排气,经检查诊断为肠梗阻,现最为重要的是了解梗阻的(  )。", "options": {"A": "原因", "B": "程度", "C": "发生速度", "D": "是否绞窄"}, "answer": "是否绞窄", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.迟缓期(  )。", "options": {"A": "分裂迟缓,繁殖极少", "B": "大多在此产生芽孢、外毒素等", "C": "形态改变,难以辨认", "D": "细胞全部死亡"}, "answer": "分裂迟缓,繁殖极少", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "β受体阻滞剂的主要副作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血钾升高", "B": "高尿酸血症", "C": "诱发哮喘", "D": "血钠降低"}, "answer": "诱发哮喘", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,58岁。胃部不适3个月,加重伴腹部疼痛,消瘦半个月,胃镜显示胃小弯一大病灶,病理报告显示:细胞较小,大小一致,呈弥漫分布,部分排列成小条索状,内无腺管结构。诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃未分化癌", "B": "胃黏液腺癌", "C": "胃乳头状腺癌", "D": "胃印戒细胞癌"}, "answer": "胃未分化癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.胎心率晚期减速的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎儿缺氧", "B": "胎动", "C": "子宫收缩", "D": "胎头受压"}, "answer": "胎儿缺氧", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,50岁。中上腹饥饿性隐痛反复发作15年,伴反酸、嗳气,进食和服用抑酸剂可缓解。1.该患者最可能的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃癌", "B": "消化性溃疡", "C": "慢性胆囊炎", "D": "胃癌"}, "answer": "消化性溃疡", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "血浆胶体渗透压主要来自(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤维蛋白原", "B": "α1−球蛋白", "C": "清(白)蛋白", "D": "γ−球蛋白"}, "answer": "清(白)蛋白", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "卵巢纤维瘤伴胸腹水形成称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "Meniere", "B": "Meigs", "C": "Cushing", "D": "类癌综合征"}, "answer": "Meigs", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列不属于原发性醛固酮增多症临床表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压", "B": "多饮,多尿", "C": "水肿", "D": "手足搐搦"}, "answer": "水肿", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "典型的苯丙酮尿症是因肝脏缺乏(  )。", "options": {"A": "谷氨酸羟化酶", "B": "酪氨酸羟化酶", "C": "苯丙氨酸羟化酶", "D": "二氢生物蝶呤还原酶"}, "answer": "苯丙氨酸羟化酶", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,70岁。右腹股沟区可复性肿物15年。查体:P 84次/分,R 20次/分,BP 160/110mmHg。糖尿病病史7年,口服降糖药治疗,空腹血糖近1个月来维持在6.2~9.0mmol/L。吸烟20余年,20~30支/日。欲行右腹股沟无张力疝修补术,围手术期处理错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "练习床上排便", "B": "术前应用胰岛素降低血糖", "C": "术前禁食12小时", "D": "口服降压药控制血压"}, "answer": "术前应用胰岛素降低血糖", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,30岁,海员,平素体健,昨晚进食海蟹一只,晨起腹泻稀水便10余次,量多,无明显发热、腹痛。中午开始出现呕吐,为米泔水样,共4次,尿量减少。经粪便悬滴及涂片检查,初步诊断为霍乱。4.霍乱患者使用抗生素的目的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "减轻毒血症状", "B": "预防肾功能衰竭", "C": "缩短病程", "D": "减少腹泻量,缩短排菌时间"}, "answer": "减少腹泻量,缩短排菌时间", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列临床表现与急性肾小球肾炎不符合的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病程中出现C3下降", "B": "高血压持续2个月以上", "C": "可并发心力衰竭", "D": "部分患者要ASO水平升高"}, "answer": "可并发心力衰竭", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.出血时间延长,血块退缩不良(  )。", "options": {"A": "凝血活酶形成障碍", "B": "凝血酶形成障碍", "C": "血小板质或量的异常", "D": "血管壁的异常"}, "answer": "血小板质或量的异常", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.属于道德感的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "害羞", "B": "为祖国而自豪", "C": "强烈的求知欲望", "D": "轻蔑"}, "answer": "为祖国而自豪", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胎盘附着部位的子宫内膜完全修复需到产后(  )。", "options": {"A": "3周", "B": "5周", "C": "6周", "D": "8周"}, "answer": "6周", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男婴,8个月。面色苍白2个月,早产儿,鲜牛奶喂养,未添加辅食。查体:体重8kg,心肺检查未见异常,肝肋下3cm,脾肋下1.5cm,血常规:Hb 70g/L,RBC 3.0×1012/L,MCV 65fl,WBC 11×109/L,PLT 250×109/L。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "营养性巨幼细胞贫血", "B": "生理性贫血", "C": "缺铁性贫血", "D": "失血性贫血"}, "answer": "缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于西咪替丁,哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "可用于治疗皮肤黏膜过敏症", "B": "对反流性胃炎也有效", "C": "可用于治疗胃和十二指肠溃疡", "D": "长期用药可引起性激素失调"}, "answer": "可用于治疗皮肤黏膜过敏症", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于普萘洛尔抗心绞痛的作用中叙述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "增大心室容积,延长射血时间,能相对增加心肌耗氧量,部分抵消其降低心肌耗氧量的有利作用", "B": "促进氧合血红蛋白的解离,增加组织供氧", "C": "抑制心肌收缩力,从而减小心室容积,缩短射血时间,降低心肌耗氧量", "D": "改善缺血区心肌的供血"}, "answer": "抑制心肌收缩力,从而减小心室容积,缩短射血时间,降低心肌耗氧量", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,男,1岁,母乳少,长期以米汤、稀饭喂养,不规律添加辅食。查体:食欲差,精神差,皮下脂肪厚度为0.5cm。诊断为I度营养不良。最先出现下列哪种表现(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮下脂肪减少", "B": "身高低于正常", "C": "肌张力不低于正常,肌肉松弛", "D": "体重不增或减轻"}, "answer": "体重不增或减轻", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "腹股沟深环位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹股沟中点上方1cm", "B": "腹股沟中点上方2cm", "C": "腹股沟中点", "D": "腹股沟中点下方1cm"}, "answer": "腹股沟中点上方2cm", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,18岁。右示指甲沟炎加剧一周,发热,指头剧烈肿胀、跳痛,最恰当的处置是(  )。", "options": {"A": "热盐水浸泡,每次30分钟", "B": "全身应用抗生素", "C": "患指侧面纵行切开", "D": "患指头做鱼口状切开"}, "answer": "患指侧面纵行切开", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "按诊疗同意制度,无法取得患者意见又无家属或者关系人在场,或者遇到其他特殊情况时,处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可以由经治医生与其他医生商量后决定施行", "B": "经治医师提出处置方案后,由无利害关系的人2人以上在场见证情况下施行", "C": "经治医师提出处置方案,取得医疗机构负责人批准后实施", "D": "经治医师决定,其他医护人员在场见证情况下施行"}, "answer": "经治医师提出处置方案,取得医疗机构负责人批准后实施", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,42岁。阵发性心悸1年,加重一周。既往有高血压,糖尿病病史。查体:心率120次/分,律不齐,第一心音强弱不等,心尖部可闻及舒张期隆隆样杂音。超声心动图示左房内径60mm。该患者最适宜的抗栓治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "普通肝素", "B": "氯吡格雷", "C": "阿司匹林", "D": "华法林"}, "answer": "华法林", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心室肌细胞动作电位3期复极是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "K+外流", "B": "Na+内流", "C": "Cl-内流", "D": "K+内流"}, "answer": "K+外流", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "成年男性。三个月来双下肢无力、麻木逐渐加重,背后疼痛且咳嗽时加剧。查体:左半侧T8以下痛、温觉消失,右下肢肌力3级,腱反射亢进,Babinski征阳性,右下肢足趾振动觉、位置觉消失2.病变脊髓处,MRI表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓呈梭形膨大,广泛低信号", "B": "正常脊髓", "C": "脊髓不膨大,髓内广泛点状高信号", "D": "中央管扩大呈空腔"}, "answer": "脊髓不膨大,髓内广泛点状高信号", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.预防慢性偏头痛的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "托吡酯", "B": "卡马西平", "C": "乙琥胺", "D": "左乙拉西坦"}, "answer": "托吡酯", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "哪项是短暂脑缺血发作的临床表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "昏迷、清醒、再昏迷", "B": "发作性神经系统功能障碍,24小时内完全恢复", "C": "血压突然升高,短暂意识不清,抽搐", "D": "一侧轻偏瘫,历时数日渐恢复"}, "answer": "发作性神经系统功能障碍,24小时内完全恢复", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以下哪项属于条件反射?(  )", "options": {"A": "叩击股四头肌腱引起小腿前伸", "B": "咀嚼、吞咽食物引起胃液分泌", "C": "强光刺激视网膜引起瞳孔缩小", "D": "闻到食物香味引起唾液分泌"}, "answer": "闻到食物香味引起唾液分泌", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医德理论修养直接解决的矛盾是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对医德善恶由不知到知,由知之不多到知之较多", "B": "有没有克服困难的医德意志", "C": "是否情愿去做合乎医德要求的事", "D": "医德知与行能否统一"}, "answer": "对医德善恶由不知到知,由知之不多到知之较多", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1岁婴儿,2个月前因多汗、惊厥、出牙3颗就诊,查体前囟2cm×2cm,方颅,串珠肋,血钙2mmol/L(8mg/d1),钙磷乘积28,注射维生素D330万IU,口服钙剂治疗1个月后睡眠安静,出汗减少,出牙5颗,继续采用何种治疗方案最合理?(  )", "options": {"A": "停用维生素D及钙剂", "B": "再给1~2次维生素D2肌注并口服钙", "C": "每日给维生素D25000IU口服,同时给钙", "D": "每日给维生素D2800IU口服,同时给钙"}, "answer": "每日给维生素D2800IU口服,同时给钙", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,18岁。月经不规律2年,阴道大量流血2周,贫血貌。B超示子宫及双侧附件未见异常,血FSH、LH、T、PRL水平正常。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫内膜", "B": "子宫内膜异位症", "C": "功能失调性子宫出血", "D": "多囊卵巢综合征"}, "answer": "功能失调性子宫出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,28岁。足月产后第3天,突然寒战,继之高热,同时尿急、尿痛,腰痛,下腹部痛。查体:肾区叩痛,下腹部压痛。尿白细胞20~30个/HP,白细胞管型1~2个/HP,尿蛋白(+),末梢血白细胞高。2.下一步首先应(  )。", "options": {"A": "做清洁中段尿培养,菌落计数及药物敏感试验", "B": "拍胸部X线片", "C": "口服解热、镇痛药物", "D": "口服抗菌药物"}, "answer": "做清洁中段尿培养,菌落计数及药物敏感试验", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.诊断急性出血坏死型胰腺炎最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清甲胎蛋白检测", "B": "腹部CT检查", "C": "血CEA", "D": "血CRP"}, "answer": "腹部CT检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "引起胃的容受性舒张的途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "交感神经末梢释放去甲肾上腺紊", "B": "迷走神经末梢释放血管活性肠肽", "C": "壁内神经释放生长抑素", "D": "肠胃反射"}, "answer": "迷走神经末梢释放血管活性肠肽", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "重叠奔马律常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "病态窦房结综合征", "B": "心力衰竭伴心动过速", "C": "肥厚型心肌病", "D": "三度房室传导阻滞"}, "answer": "心力衰竭伴心动过速", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.上述哪项是副交感神经节细胞膜上的受体?(  )", "options": {"A": "α受体", "B": "β1受体", "C": "M受体", "D": "N1受体"}, "answer": "N1受体", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.休克患者经充分扩容后血压相对平稳,此时宜选用何种药物改善微循环?(  )", "options": {"A": "低分子右旋糖酐", "B": "酚妥拉明", "C": "多巴酚丁胺", "D": "糖皮质激素"}, "answer": "酚妥拉明", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "《临床输血技术规范》的立法宗旨是规范、指导医疗机构(  )。", "options": {"A": "科学、合理用血", "B": "安全、科学用血", "C": "合理、安全用血", "D": "合理、卫生用血"}, "answer": "科学、合理用血", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "决定月经周期长短的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "白体寿命长短", "B": "月经期长短", "C": "增生期长短", "D": "分泌期长短"}, "answer": "增生期长短", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "参与传染病感染过程中的特异性免疫反应的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单核-巨噬细胞系统的吞噬作用", "B": "溶菌酶", "C": "肿瘤坏死因子-α", "D": "细胞免疫"}, "answer": "细胞免疫", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于肾素的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "由近球小体的致密斑分泌", "B": "可催化血管紧张素原转变为血管紧张素I", "C": "入球小动脉血压降低时分泌增加", "D": "交感神经兴奋时释放增加"}, "answer": "由近球小体的致密斑分泌", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病脑水肿时应该(  )。", "options": {"A": "控制液体量,每天40~60ml/kg体重", "B": "控制液体量,每天60~80ml/kg体重", "C": "控制液体量,每天80~100ml/kg体重", "D": "控制液体量,每天70~100ml/kg体重"}, "answer": "控制液体量,每天60~80ml/kg体重", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,48岁,近1个月感口渴、饮水量增至每天2000ml。身高156cm、体重71kg。空腹血糖180mg/dl(10.0mmol/L)、餐后血糖252mg/dl(14.0mmol/L)。系初次发现血糖高,无糖尿病病史。1.给患者的治疗建议应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "饮食及运动治疗", "B": "双胍类降血糖药", "C": "磺脲类降血糖药", "D": "胰岛素"}, "answer": "饮食及运动治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列描述病毒的基本性状中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "专性细胞内寄生", "B": "只含有一种核酸(DNA或RNA)", "C": "形态微小,可通过滤菌器", "D": "均对脂溶剂敏感"}, "answer": "均对脂溶剂敏感", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某县人口50万,约80%居民以河水为饮用水,该县设有一传染病科的综合医院,城市污水未经处理直接排入河水中。该县1986年1~11月份伤寒发病人数达1063例,超过该县历史(1958~1985年)同期平均发病人数的6.9倍。初步调查,发现患者集中于河水排污口的下游地带。1.关于这一地区的论述,下列哪项是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "城市污水污染了水源", "B": "供水过程中有被投毒的可能", "C": "工业用水管线泄漏,工业废水污染了水源", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "城市污水污染了水源", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "与Ⅰ型超敏反应有关的生物活性介质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "组胺", "B": "缓激肽", "C": "血小板活化因子", "D": "以上全部"}, "answer": "以上全部", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "双侧四肢远端出现手套袜子样感麻木,病变的定位多在(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经丛", "B": "神经末梢", "C": "神经干", "D": "脊髓前角"}, "answer": "神经末梢", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初次感染结核,产生变态反应的时间为(  )。", "options": {"A": "48~72小时", "B": "1~2周", "C": "2~3周", "D": "4~8周"}, "answer": "4~8周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "具有免疫记忆的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中性粒细胞", "B": "B1细胞", "C": "Th细胞", "D": "树突状细胞"}, "answer": "Th细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "7岁男孩,持续发热2周,体温39℃,腹泻3~5次/日,稀便。查体:肝大,肋下2.0cm,脾大,肋下1.0cm。血白细胞1.5×109/L,中性粒细胞0.6,杆状粒细胞0.1,淋巴细胞0.3;肥达反应“O”1:80,“H”1:160;ALT210单位(正常<40单位)。诊断最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "疟疾", "B": "乙型肝炎", "C": "伤寒", "D": "肾综合征出血热"}, "answer": "伤寒", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,28岁。左胸外伤后1小时,胸痛、呼吸困难。查体:BP 120/80mmHg,心率100次/min。左前外侧胸壁皮下淤血,局部约6cm×6cm的区域反常呼吸运动。2.胸部X线片发现左侧胸腔2cm气液平面,最可能合并的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "气胸", "B": "血气胸", "C": "脓胸", "D": "肺水肿"}, "answer": "血气胸", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在吮指癖小儿的手指上涂苦味油膏的治疗属(  )。", "options": {"A": "厌恶疗法", "B": "生物反馈疗法", "C": "系统脱敏", "D": "满灌疗法"}, "answer": "厌恶疗法", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.上述哪项是胆盐的主要吸收部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "胃", "B": "十二指肠", "C": "空肠", "D": "回肠"}, "answer": "回肠", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者体重10kg,腹泻后精神萎靡,皮肤弹性差,四肢稍凉,尿量明显减少,二氧化碳结合力(CO2CP)为11.2mmol/L,选用下列哪一种混合液最恰当(混合液组成按着生理盐水:5%葡萄糖:1.4%碳酸氢钠或1.87%乳酸钠配剂)(  )。", "options": {"A": "2:3:1液", "B": "3:3:1液", "C": "2:2:1液", "D": "2:6:1液"}, "answer": "2:3:1液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "正常情况下适度升高血胆汁酸浓度的结果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞生成胆红素减少", "B": "胆固醇7α-羟化酶合成抑制", "C": "血中磷脂含量升高", "D": "脂酸生成酮体加快"}, "answer": "胆固醇7α-羟化酶合成抑制", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿结核性脑膜炎晚期表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈项强直", "B": "定向障碍", "C": "剧烈疼痛", "D": "昏迷"}, "answer": "昏迷", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不属于血栓结局描述的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溶解", "B": "软化", "C": "机化", "D": "硬化"}, "answer": "硬化", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肺炎伴感染性休克常见于以下肺部炎症,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎球菌肺炎", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "C": "铜绿假单胞菌肺炎", "D": "支原体肺炎"}, "answer": "支原体肺炎", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "哪种体位时颈静脉明显充盈怒张或搏动为异常征象?(  )", "options": {"A": "立位", "B": "坐位或半坐位", "C": "侧卧位", "D": "以上都不对"}, "answer": "坐位或半坐位", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,23岁。寒战,高热,咳浓痰2天。查体:体温39.2℃,左肺闻及湿啰音,X线胸片示:左下肺大片状致密影,给予抗生素治疗,2天后症状加重,胸痛并呼吸困难,左胸呼吸音降低,胸片示左胸腔积液2.进一步诊断最有价值的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部CT", "B": "结核素试验", "C": "胸部超声波试验", "D": "左侧胸膜腔穿刺"}, "answer": "左侧胸膜腔穿刺", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项不是二尖瓣狭窄的症状?(  )", "options": {"A": "咳嗽、咳痰", "B": "咯血、咳粉红色泡沫痰", "C": "声嘶", "D": "心绞痛"}, "answer": "心绞痛", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于病毒核酸(  )。", "options": {"A": "可控制病毒的遗传和变异", "B": "决定病毒包膜所有成分的形成", "C": "不能决定病毒的感染性", "D": "病毒有一种或两种类型核酸"}, "answer": "可控制病毒的遗传和变异", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.肠道细菌腐败作用生成尸胺的氨基酸是属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "酸性氨基酸", "B": "碱性氨基酸", "C": "芳香族氨基酸", "D": "支链氨基酸"}, "answer": "碱性氨基酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,32岁。支气管哮喘10年,近两天受凉后再发胸闷,咳嗽,喘息,查体少许散在哮鸣音,则最有效的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静滴糖皮质激素", "B": "间断应用特布他林", "C": "口服色苷酸钠", "D": "口服扎鲁司特"}, "answer": "间断应用特布他林", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "苯妥英钠是哪种癫痫发作的首选药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "癫痫大发作", "B": "复杂部分性发作", "C": "癫痫持续状态", "D": "失神小发作"}, "answer": "癫痫大发作", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,5岁,高热10h,抽搐2h,呕吐1次。外周血白细胞18×109/I,,中性粒细胞0.89,粪便常规:每高倍镜视野脓细胞5~8个,脑脊液检查正常,诊断为中毒型细菌性痢疾。3.患者入院体检体温39.8℃,血压40/20mmHg,呼吸减慢,面色苍白,四肢厥冷,拟加用山莨菪碱治疗,其主要目的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "兴奋呼吸中枢", "B": "抑制频繁的腹泻", "C": "解除微血管痉挛", "D": "减轻全身毒血症状"}, "answer": "解除微血管痉挛", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.小叶性肺炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺实变体征", "B": "湿性啰音", "C": "反复咳血", "D": "桶状胸"}, "answer": "湿性啰音", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "“水平膳食宝塔”提示,每日每人大豆类摄入量相当于干豆50g,其目的主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "保证膳食纤维摄入", "B": "保证水苏糖的摄入", "C": "提高膳食蛋白质质量", "D": "补充人体必需氨损失"}, "answer": "提高膳食蛋白质质量", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "易引起乳酸性酸中毒的口服降糖药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "磺脲类", "B": "苯甲酸衍生物", "C": "α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂", "D": "双胍类"}, "answer": "双胍类", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "以下检查最有助于中毒型菌痢初步诊断的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "外周血血小板检查", "B": "冷盐水灌肠,取粪便镜检", "C": "大便细菌培养", "D": "脑脊液检查"}, "answer": "冷盐水灌肠,取粪便镜检", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿3岁,近1年多哭甚时出现青紫。查体:心前区隆起,胸骨左缘第3~4肋间可闻及4级收缩期杂音,可触及震预。X线检查示:左右心室及左房增大,肺血管影增多,肺动脉段凸出。2.此患儿如决定手术,必须做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "磁共振成像", "B": "心功能检查", "C": "心导管检查", "D": "超声心动图"}, "answer": "超声心动图", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "根据心身疾病的定义,以下不属于心身疾病的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性高血压", "B": "腹股沟斜疝", "C": "消化性溃疡", "D": "支气管哮喘"}, "answer": "腹股沟斜疝", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是真菌的繁殖器官?(  )", "options": {"A": "芽胞", "B": "芽管", "C": "菌丝", "D": "孢子"}, "answer": "孢子", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.肠结核的好发部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全消化道均可发生,呈节段性跳跃性分布", "B": "回盲部多见", "C": "空肠多见", "D": "从直肠向近段结肠呈逆性分布"}, "answer": "回盲部多见", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "鉴别原发性肝癌与阿米巴肝脓肿最有价值的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝扫描", "B": "肝区压痛点穿刺", "C": "白细胞计数与分类", "D": "A型超声波"}, "answer": "肝区压痛点穿刺", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "IgE与IgG功能区不同,是因为IgE有(  )。", "options": {"A": "CH1", "B": "V区", "C": "CH2", "D": "CH4"}, "answer": "CH4", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "附睾结核多继发于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾结核", "B": "淋巴结核", "C": "肠结核", "D": "肺结核"}, "answer": "肾结核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "我国卫生部于1988年制定的医德规范七条内容中,“文明礼貌服务”规范要求中不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "廉洁奉公", "B": "同情病人", "C": "举止端庄", "D": "关心病人"}, "answer": "廉洁奉公", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列各项中有助于鉴别慢粒白血病与类白血病反应的不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "白细胞数升高,核左移", "B": "嗜酸或(和)嗜碱性粒细胞升高", "C": "中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶活性降低", "D": "Ph染色体阳性"}, "answer": "白细胞数升高,核左移", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,26岁。人工流产术后3个月出现阴道流血,B超检查可见子宫肌壁有不均匀密集光点或暗区蜂窝状。患者属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸宫不全", "B": "侵袭葡萄胎", "C": "绒毛膜癌", "D": "异位妊娠"}, "answer": "绒毛膜癌", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "乳腺癌,最先转移到哪个部位淋巴结?(  )", "options": {"A": "同侧腋窝淋巴结", "B": "锁骨上淋巴结", "C": "纵隔淋巴结", "D": "乳内淋巴结"}, "answer": "同侧腋窝淋巴结", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪一项不属于人类基底神经节调节功能障碍时的表现形式(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌肉强直", "B": "随意运动完全丧失", "C": "静止性震颤", "D": "不自主的舞蹈样运动"}, "answer": "随意运动完全丧失", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.上述哪项是蛋白酶作用的部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "2Fab段+Fc段", "B": "铰链区", "C": "可变区", "D": "稳定区"}, "answer": "铰链区", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.司用于治疗尿崩症(  )。", "options": {"A": "格列本脲", "B": "格列齐特", "C": "格列吡嗪", "D": "氯磺丙脲"}, "answer": "氯磺丙脲", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对放线菌的错误描述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病后可产生特异性抗体抵抗再感染", "B": "为条件致病菌,引起内源性感染", "C": "临床表现主要是形成慢性肉芽肿并伴瘘管形成", "D": "革兰阳性,非抗酸菌"}, "answer": "病后可产生特异性抗体抵抗再感染", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,25岁。头晕、乏力2个月。既往体健,近1年来月经量明显增多。实验室检查:Hb 95g/L,RBC 3.5×1012/L,红细胞大小不等,中心淡染区扩大,WBC 4.5×109/L,PLT 310×109/L,粪隐血(-)。最根本的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "治疗妇科疾病", "B": "给予雄性激素", "C": "给予铁剂", "D": "给予维生素B12及叶酸"}, "answer": "治疗妇科疾病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.调整胰岛素用量最简便的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "空腹血糖", "B": "尿糖", "C": "胰岛素释放试验", "D": "糖化血红蛋白"}, "answer": "尿糖", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.Rb基因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结构基因", "B": "操纵基因", "C": "抑癌基因", "D": "癌基因"}, "answer": "抑癌基因", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.能提示新生儿宫内感染的免疫球蛋白主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠腔", "B": "免疫球蛋白M", "C": "胸腺", "D": "骨髓"}, "answer": "免疫球蛋白M", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "人体处在交感兴奋状态时,尿量减少的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球毛细血管血压下降", "B": "血浆胶体渗透压升高", "C": "醛固酮分泌减少", "D": "抗利尿激素分泌减少"}, "answer": "肾小球毛细血管血压下降", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "最常用的物理消毒灭菌方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "热力灭菌法", "B": "辐射灭菌法", "C": "滤过除菌法", "D": "超声波杀菌法"}, "answer": "热力灭菌法", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,73岁。3年前出现右侧肢体活动不灵。右手静止性震颤,被诊断为帕金森病,复方左旋多巴治疗后病情稳定,近半年出现白天药效维持时间缩短,震颤明显。患者有肾功能不全。前列腺肥大病史。对该患者,最适当的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "加用苯海索", "B": "增加复方左旋多巴剂量或次数", "C": "加用培高利特", "D": "加用苯甲托品"}, "answer": "加用培高利特", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,22岁,右颈部肿块1个月,无发热,病理检查为大细胞性淋巴瘤,骨髓活检未见淋巴瘤细胞,应选择的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CHOP", "B": "全淋巴结照射", "C": "化疗+局部放疗", "D": "扩大照射"}, "answer": "化疗+局部放疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一脂酰甘油合成途径是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "在小肠黏膜细胞内,由甘油合成一酯酰甘油的途径", "B": "在小肠黏膜细胞内,由甘油合成脂肪的途径", "C": "在小肠黏膜细胞内,由一脂酰甘油合成脂肪的途径", "D": "在小肠黏膜细胞外的一脂酰甘油合成的途径"}, "answer": "在小肠黏膜细胞内,由一脂酰甘油合成脂肪的途径", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.成人血容量大约占体重的(  )。", "options": {"A": "6%~8%", "B": "8%~10%", "C": "10%", "D": "10%~12%"}, "answer": "6%~8%", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "可致出血性结肠炎的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "霍乱弧菌", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "C": "大肠埃希菌O157:H7", "D": "伤寒沙门菌"}, "answer": "大肠埃希菌O157:H7", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.每平方米体表面积的心输出量称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "搏功", "B": "心指数", "C": "射血分数", "D": "心输出量"}, "answer": "心指数", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "原发性三叉神经痛不应有的表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "患侧面部皮肤粗糙", "B": "面部发作性剧痛", "C": "面部痛觉减退", "D": "痛性抽搐"}, "answer": "面部痛觉减退", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为抗焦虑药的主要适应证(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经症", "B": "精神分裂症", "C": "癫痫", "D": "人格障碍"}, "answer": "神经症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是伤寒最严重的并发症?(  )", "options": {"A": "中毒性脑病", "B": "肠穿孔", "C": "急性胆囊炎", "D": "肺炎"}, "answer": "肠穿孔", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,30岁。因气促1周就诊。查体:颈静脉怒张.血压90/75mmHg,心界向两侧扩大,心率120次/min,律齐,心音遥远。肝肋下3指,移动性浊音(-),最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "冠心病", "B": "急性纤维蛋白性心包炎", "C": "急性渗出性心包炎", "D": "肺栓塞"}, "answer": "急性渗出性心包炎", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,70岁,1天前因股骨颈骨折住院,今日突发呼吸困难,大汗,既往体健。查体:T 36.5℃,BP 90/60mmHg,无颈静脉怒张,双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿啰音,心率100次/分,P2亢进伴分裂,肝肋下未及,双下肢无水肿,心电图提示电轴右偏,S1Q3T3,血清肌钙蛋白阳性,该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性心力衰竭", "B": "肺动脉栓塞", "C": "急性呼吸窘迫综合症", "D": "吸入性肺炎"}, "answer": "肺动脉栓塞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,35岁。左上腹被拖拉机撞伤后钝痛1天,突发左上腹剧痛3小时。查体:P 140次/分,BP 60/45mmHg。面色苍白,四肢厥冷,上腹中度压痛,肌紧张,腹部叩诊移动性浊音(+),腹腔穿刺抽出不凝固血液。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小肠破裂", "B": "肝破裂", "C": "结肠破裂", "D": "脾破裂"}, "answer": "脾破裂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,22岁。突发右侧胸痛伴胸闷1小时,搬重物时突发右侧胸痛,疼痛剧烈,深呼吸时加重,伴刺激性咳嗽,继之出现胸闷,进行性加重,BP 100/65mmHg,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "自发性气胸", "B": "主动脉夹层", "C": "肋间神经痛", "D": "心肌梗死"}, "answer": "自发性气胸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "哪项不是慢性支气管炎的典型病变?(  )", "options": {"A": "黏液腺肥大、增生", "B": "杯状细胞增生", "C": "黏膜上皮鳞状细胞化生", "D": "肺泡腔见红细胞、纤维蛋白"}, "answer": "肺泡腔见红细胞、纤维蛋白", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,16岁。骤起严重水肿入院,血压正常,腹水征(+),尿蛋白(++++),红细胞0~2个/HP,24小时尿蛋白定量6g,血Cr 100μmol/L,血C3正常,血白蛋白24g/L。入院后予泼尼松每日40mg口服。2周后肾活检示:肾小球系膜轻度增生,肾小管上皮细胞空泡变性,免疫荧光检查(-),电镜下见上皮细胞足突融合。治疗6周后蛋白尿明显减少,8周后完全缓解。1.本例临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅰ型肾病综合征", "B": "Ⅱ型肾病综合征", "C": "急进性肾炎综合征", "D": "慢性肾炎综合征"}, "answer": "Ⅰ型肾病综合征", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者11个月,生后反复患肺炎,2天前开始发热、咳嗽、气促、烦躁不安。查体:口唇发绀,呼吸48次/分,心率198次/分,心音低钝,胸骨左缘第3、4肋间可闻及Ⅲ级收缩期杂音,双肺中、小水泡音,肝肋下3.0cm,双足背轻度水肿。本病例可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "室间隔缺损", "B": "室间隔缺损合并肺炎和心力衰竭", "C": "室间隔缺损合并亚急性细菌性心内膜炎", "D": "室间隔缺损合并心力衰竭"}, "answer": "室间隔缺损合并肺炎和心力衰竭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,21岁,因工作紧张,近一月感觉压力重重,不能胜任工作,觉得自己一无是处,连累了父母,开煤气自杀被急送入院,入院后又趁人不备打破窗玻璃,用碎玻璃自杀,后经抢救脱险,经检查患者有青光眼病史。2.为尽快消除患者的自杀念头,首选治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "暗示治疗", "B": "新型抗抑郁药", "C": "电抽搐治疗", "D": "睡眠剥夺治疗"}, "answer": "电抽搐治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "50岁男性,外伤后致胫腓骨中1/3骨折,手法复位后,长腿石膏管型外固定。4周后,石膏管型于膝部有折断,未给处理,3个月后X线片复查见骨折略有移位,骨折线清晰。2.该患者下一步的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "切开复位内固定", "B": "切开复位植骨内固定", "C": "切开复位植骨内固定加长腿石膏外固定", "D": "更换长腿石膏管型,继续外固定"}, "answer": "更换长腿石膏管型,继续外固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于消化性溃疡的治疗,正确的说法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "需长期应用黏膜保护剂以降低溃疡复发率", "B": "只要内镜证实溃疡已经愈合,溃疡就不会复发", "C": "根除幽门螺杆菌可以降低溃疡复发率", "D": "有消化道出血的溃疡患者必须长期维持治疗"}, "answer": "根除幽门螺杆菌可以降低溃疡复发率", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有机磷酸酯类的中毒机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "激活胆碱酯酶", "B": "抑制胆碱酯酶", "C": "抑制磷酸二酯酶", "D": "抑制腺苷酸环化酶"}, "answer": "抑制胆碱酯酶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,58岁。右腰痛2年,无痛性全程肉眼血尿3天。查体:右肾区叩痛,右肾可触及季肋下3指。尿常规:红细胞满视野,肾盂静脉造影可见右肾中盏移位拉长变形。应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾癌", "B": "肾囊肿", "C": "肾结核", "D": "肾盂癌"}, "answer": "肾癌", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,34岁。2个月来无痛性颈淋巴结肿大,间断发热3个月,查体:脾肋下4cm。3.临床分期为(  )。", "options": {"A": "ⅠB", "B": "ⅢA", "C": "ⅢB", "D": "ⅣB"}, "answer": "ⅢB", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "化脓性关节炎与关节结核的鉴别,下述哪一项无价值?(  )", "options": {"A": "是否有高热等急性全身表现", "B": "血和关节液的白细胞总数和中性粒细胞增多的程度", "C": "浮髌试验阳性", "D": "关节液是否培养出革兰阳性球菌"}, "answer": "浮髌试验阳性", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于输血的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "O型血可少量、缓慢输给其他血型者", "B": "AB型者可少量、缓慢接受其他血型血", "C": "Rh阳性者可接受Rh阴性的血液", "D": "父母的血可直接输给子女"}, "answer": "父母的血可直接输给子女", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,65岁,既往有高血压病史约5年,血压控制不稳定,饮酒史30年,3~4两/日。某日中午饮2两白酒后,突然出现口齿不清,瘫软在地,送往医院途中,情绪烦躁,神情恐惧,要拔除输液管,不能辨认亲人。3.首要处理方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "暗示治疗", "B": "肌注地西泮10mg", "C": "静脉快速滴注20%甘露醇", "D": "补充大剂量维生素,并输液促排泄"}, "answer": "静脉快速滴注20%甘露醇", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "30岁农民,头昏乏力,粪中钩虫卵(+++),血红蛋白60g/L,恰当的治疗措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "驱钩虫+注射右旋糖酐铁", "B": "驱钩虫+口服铁剂", "C": "输血+注射右旋糖酐铁", "D": "口服叶酸或注射维生素B12"}, "answer": "驱钩虫+口服铁剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "休克期反映器官血流灌注最简单可靠的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "收缩压", "B": "脉压", "C": "脉率", "D": "尿量"}, "answer": "尿量", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "创伤性休克的急救,主要措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "制止出血,补充血容量", "B": "及时手术", "C": "应用抗休克药物", "D": "尽快包扎伤口"}, "answer": "制止出血,补充血容量", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在底物足量时,生理条件下决定酶促反应速度的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "酶含量", "B": "钠离子浓度", "C": "温度", "D": "辅酶含量"}, "answer": "酶含量", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "尿道损伤合并尿外渗及阴囊血肿时,有效的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "经会阴尿道吻合+清除血肿及尿外渗", "B": "清除会阴部血肿", "C": "耻骨上膀胱造瘘", "D": "经会阴尿道修补"}, "answer": "经会阴尿道吻合+清除血肿及尿外渗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述情形中属于医疗事故的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "由于病情突然变化而发生意外", "B": "诊疗护理过失,虽未造成死亡、残废、功能障碍,但对健康造成一定损害,延长了治疗时间", "C": "对解剖关系辨不清,误伤临近重要器官,造成功能障碍", "D": "发生难以预料的并发症"}, "answer": "对解剖关系辨不清,误伤临近重要器官,造成功能障碍", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列酶中,属于变构酶的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "磷酸丙糖异构酶", "B": "磷酸葡萄糖异构酶", "C": "L-谷氨酸脱氢酶", "D": "醛缩酶"}, "answer": "L-谷氨酸脱氢酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "诊断高血压依据血压值的测量方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "服用降压药的情况下", "B": "测量3次,以其平均值为依据", "C": "非同日3次未服用降压药的情况下安静测定血压", "D": "测定安静、休息、坐位时上臂桡动脉部位血压"}, "answer": "非同日3次未服用降压药的情况下安静测定血压", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "抗体初次应答的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗体以IgG类为主", "B": "抗体亲和力较高", "C": "抗体浓度达到平台期所需时间较短", "D": "抗体生成“倍增时间”较长"}, "answer": "抗体生成“倍增时间”较长", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "足月儿,胎头吸引分娩,有窒息史,转入儿科后一直嗜睡、呕吐,枕部有血肿,前囟3cm×3cm,颅缝略宽。2.首选何种检查确诊?(  )", "options": {"A": "血培养", "B": "头颅CT", "C": "血糖", "D": "血电解质"}, "answer": "头颅CT", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,48岁。咳嗽、咳痰、咯血,杵状指,肺部听诊右肺局限性湿啰音,则最可能的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎", "B": "肺癌", "C": "支气管扩张", "D": "肺脓肿"}, "answer": "支气管扩张", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "左旋多巴在体内的代谢过程特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服后主要在胃内吸收", "B": "其在外周不能代谢为多巴胺", "C": "其进入中枢后经多巴脱羧酶代谢失活", "D": "口服进入中枢药物量很少"}, "answer": "口服进入中枢药物量很少", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.脊髓灰质炎疫苗初种年龄(  )。", "options": {"A": "2个月", "B": "3个月以上", "C": "8个月", "D": "1岁以上"}, "answer": "2个月", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "焦虑症不应出现下列哪一项症状?(  )", "options": {"A": "紧张", "B": "焦虑", "C": "恐惧", "D": "幻听"}, "answer": "幻听", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.急性普通型肝炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "点状坏死", "B": "溶解坏死", "C": "凝固坏死", "D": "羽毛状坏死"}, "answer": "点状坏死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "绒毛膜癌常见的转移部位依次是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺、盆腔、肝、脑、阴道", "B": "肺、阴道、盆腔、肝、脑", "C": "阴道、肺、盆腔、肝、脑", "D": "肺、肝、阴道、盆腔、脑"}, "answer": "肺、阴道、盆腔、肝、脑", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "活动性原发型肺结核,用药方案首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "INH+RFP+PZA", "B": "INH+RFP+PZA+SM", "C": "INH+RFP+泼尼松", "D": "INH+PZA"}, "answer": "INH+RFP+PZA", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有双侧肾上腺皮质增生,并可引起高血压、低血钾的疾病包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性醛固酮增多症", "B": "主动脉缩窄", "C": "肾血管性高血压", "D": "嗜铬细胞瘤"}, "answer": "原发性醛固酮增多症", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.犬吠样咳嗽,声嘶、喉鸣(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管肺炎", "B": "急性支气管炎", "C": "肺结核", "D": "急性喉炎"}, "answer": "急性喉炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.癫痫大发作首选的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯妥英钠", "B": "苯巴比妥", "C": "卡比多巴", "D": "维生素B6"}, "answer": "苯妥英钠", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在我国,引起肝硬化的主要病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝静脉阻塞综合征", "B": "酒精性肝病", "C": "病理性肝炎", "D": "自身免疫性肝病"}, "answer": "病理性肝炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,5岁,2个月前确诊为风湿热,近日又开始不规则发热,为了确定是否为风湿活动,医生做了下述一些检查,请找出与风湿活动不相关的指标(  )。", "options": {"A": "C反应蛋白增高", "B": "血沉增快", "C": "抗链“O”>500U", "D": "血常规白细胞数增高,血红蛋白降低"}, "answer": "抗链“O”>500U", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "初产妇,妊娠38周。骨盆各径线为:对角径13cm,坐骨棘间径9.5cm,坐骨结节间径7cm,耻骨弓角度80°。3.若出口后矢状径为8.5cm,估计能经阴道分娩的条件是(  )。", "options": {"A": "持续性枕后位", "B": "估计胎儿体重2800g", "C": "胎儿窘迫", "D": "胎头衔接"}, "answer": "估计胎儿体重2800g", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男孩,1岁,生长落后,智能发育迟缓,刚会独坐,不会站立,查体:生长60cm,表情呆滞,眼距宽,鼻梁低平,眼外眦上斜,四肢短,手指粗短,小指内弯,四肢肌张力低下,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "21-三体综合征", "B": "蛋白质、能量营养不足", "C": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病", "D": "苯丙酮尿症"}, "answer": "21-三体综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎患者出现皮肤黏膜瘀点的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血小板减少", "B": "毛细血管脆性增加", "C": "凝血功能障碍", "D": "小血管壁炎症、坏死及血栓形成"}, "answer": "小血管壁炎症、坏死及血栓形成", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一臀位娩出婴儿,生后发现左大腿肿胀、缩短畸形,并有异常活动。2.如经检查诊断为左股骨干骨折,其首选的治疗方法应该是(  )。", "options": {"A": "切开复位内固定手术", "B": "垂直悬吊牵引", "C": "蛙位石膏外固定", "D": "将伤肢用绷带固定于胸腹部"}, "answer": "将伤肢用绷带固定于胸腹部", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "丙二酸对琥珀酸脱氢酶的抑制属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "反馈抑制", "B": "竞争性抑制", "C": "非竞争性抑制", "D": "别构抑制"}, "answer": "竞争性抑制", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,45岁。间断上腹部不适1年。经检查诊断为“慢性胃炎并幽门螺旋杆菌感染”。医生建议其服用奥美拉唑20mg、阿莫西林1.0mg、克拉霉素0.5mg,均每日两次。上述药物的服用疗程应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "1~2天", "B": "3~5天", "C": "7~14天", "D": ">30天"}, "answer": "7~14天", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,75岁。胸痛5小时。心电图示V1~V5导联ST段抬高0.5mV。3.【假设信息】住院第7天,患者突然感呼吸困难,不能平卧。查体:双肺闻及细湿啰音,胸骨左缘第4肋间闻及收缩期吹风样杂音。对明确诊断最有意义的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血B型钠尿肽水平", "B": "血气分析", "C": "心电图", "D": "超声心动图"}, "answer": "超声心动图", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.医生诊断为有病但本人否认属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人角色减退", "B": "病人角色缺如", "C": "病人角色强化", "D": "病人角色异常"}, "answer": "病人角色缺如", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "临产后的胎心监护错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "听胎心应在宫缩间歇期宫缩刚结束时", "B": "活跃期应每30分钟听胎心一次", "C": "第二产程应每15分钟听胎心一次", "D": "胎心每次应听1分钟"}, "answer": "听胎心应在宫缩间歇期宫缩刚结束时", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,56岁,洗澡时无意发现一颈部肿物来就诊。诉曾有过腹泻、心慌、抽搐等症状,但未在意。体检颜面潮红,实验室检查血钙较低。该患者可能患有(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺乳头状腺癌", "B": "甲状腺髓样癌", "C": "甲状腺滤泡状腺癌", "D": "甲状腺未分化癌"}, "answer": "甲状腺髓样癌", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "检查胎儿成熟度最常用的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "检测羊水中肌酐值", "B": "检测羊水中胆红素类物质", "C": "检测羊水中卵磷脂/鞘磷脂比值", "D": "B型超声检查胎儿双顶径值"}, "answer": "B型超声检查胎儿双顶径值", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性风湿热患儿心尖区闻及2/6级收缩期杂音,可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心包炎", "B": "心内膜炎", "C": "无心脏侵犯", "D": "上述均可发生"}, "answer": "心内膜炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.ABO血型鉴定(  )。", "options": {"A": "玻片凝集法", "B": "抗球蛋白试验(Coomb’s试验)", "C": "间接乳胶凝集试验", "D": "免疫比浊法"}, "answer": "玻片凝集法", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女患,35岁,确诊为自身免疫性肝炎,ALT 200U/L.肝炎病毒指标(-),治疗首先考虑应用(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸腺素", "B": "保肝药物", "C": "皮质激素", "D": "综合治疗"}, "answer": "皮质激素", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,18岁。3周前因急性化脓性扁桃腺炎发热,治疗后好转。近日来出现眼睑水肿、血压增高、尿少、呼吸困难、不能平卧而就诊。3.血压增高的最可能原因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压病", "B": "心功能不全所致", "C": "水钠潴留", "D": "低蛋白血症"}, "answer": "水钠潴留", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于3岁以下儿童股骨干骨折的治疗,正确的叙述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可以接受骨折断端有2cm以内的缩短", "B": "常采用骨牵引治疗", "C": "可以接受轻度的旋转移位", "D": "应与成人骨折的治疗原则一致"}, "answer": "可以接受骨折断端有2cm以内的缩短", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一位术后贫血合并有心功能不全的老年病人,输入血细胞制品最恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "浓缩红细胞", "B": "冰冻红细胞", "C": "少含白细胞红细胞", "D": "库存全血"}, "answer": "浓缩红细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.易致厌氧菌感染的合并症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨盆松质骨出血致腹膜后血肿", "B": "尿道损伤", "C": "直肠损伤", "D": "骶神经损伤"}, "answer": "直肠损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.链霉素的主要副作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "关节痛", "B": "听神经损害", "C": "消化道反应", "D": "球后视神经炎"}, "answer": "听神经损害", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,51岁。因患胃癌行胃大部切除,手术后2天起咳嗽.痰呈黄脓性,体温39℃,稽留热型。X线胸部摄片示右中肺野大片浸润阴影,并见空洞和液平。痰培养多次为金黄色葡萄球菌。曾应用青霉素、苯唑西林、头孢呋辛、头孢噻肟、头孢他啶、阿米卡星等,病情不见改善。本例抗菌治疗应当调整为下列哪一组比较适当?(  )", "options": {"A": "红霉素联合氯霉素", "B": "万古霉素联合环丙沙星", "C": "头孢哌酮联合妥布霉素", "D": "氨曲南联合甲硝哗"}, "answer": "万古霉素联合环丙沙星", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,23岁。心尖区可闻及收缩中晚期吹风样杂音及喀喇音,超声心动图可见二尖瓣前叶CD段呈吊床样波形,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "二尖瓣狭窄", "B": "二尖瓣关闭不全", "C": "主动脉瓣狭窄", "D": "二尖瓣脱垂"}, "answer": "二尖瓣脱垂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一新生儿因高胆红素血症,作血清学检查,直接抗人球蛋白试验阳性,释放试验释放出抗E、C抗体。其母的Rh血型可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ecDEE", "B": "cCDEe", "C": "ccDee", "D": "CCDEE"}, "answer": "ccDee", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列属于扩张型心肌病特征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "为伴有特异性系统性疾病的心肌病", "B": "心腔扩大,室壁运动普遍减弱", "C": "心室充盈受限和舒张期容量下降", "D": "右室心肌被纤维脂肪组织所替代"}, "answer": "心腔扩大,室壁运动普遍减弱", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肝硬化腹水形成的决定性原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中心静脉压增高", "B": "门静脉高压", "C": "抗利尿激素增加", "D": "肝内淋巴液容量增加和淋巴回流不畅"}, "answer": "门静脉高压", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一初产妇,宫缩15h自娩一3000g女婴,现胎儿娩出已8min,胎盘尚未娩出,阴道无出血,此时的处理下列何项不当(  )。", "options": {"A": "查看子宫形态", "B": "经肌内注射缩宫素", "C": "察看外露脐带有否向外伸长", "D": "牵拉脐带或压迫宫底以了解胎盘是否剥离"}, "answer": "牵拉脐带或压迫宫底以了解胎盘是否剥离", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的氧疗最常用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "无创机械通气", "B": "间断高浓度吸氧", "C": "持续高频呼吸机通气", "D": "持续低流量吸氧"}, "answer": "持续低流量吸氧", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5.HDL(  )。", "options": {"A": "运送内源性TG", "B": "运送内源性Ch", "C": "运送外源性TG", "D": "蛋白质含量最高"}, "answer": "蛋白质含量最高", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于胃窦炎,下列哪项临床表现不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "不引起恶性贫血且消化道症状多见", "B": "常伴有幽门螺旋杆菌感染", "C": "血清壁细胞抗体多阳性", "D": "可见上消化道出血"}, "answer": "血清壁细胞抗体多阳性", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "血吸虫病肝硬化的主要病理变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝表面呈细颗粒状结节", "B": "肝细胞明显淤胆", "C": "肝表面呈粗大隆起结节", "D": "临床上较晚出现腹水"}, "answer": "肝表面呈粗大隆起结节", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "枕骨大孔疝的临床表现不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "昏迷", "B": "呕吐", "C": "颈项强直", "D": "尿崩"}, "answer": "尿崩", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪一项为不含有消化酶的消化液?(  )", "options": {"A": "唾液", "B": "胆汁", "C": "胰液", "D": "小肠液"}, "answer": "胆汁", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,67岁。3周前无明显诱因出现咳嗽,咳黄白痰带血丝,经抗生素治疗效果不佳。体检:体温37.8℃,血压正常,右上肺呼吸音稍弱伴少许湿啰音。血常规WBC 14×109/L,N 0.85。2.最有助于诊断的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺动脉造影", "B": "痰培养+药敏", "C": "支气管镜检", "D": "胸腔镜"}, "answer": "支气管镜检", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下运动神经元瘫痪的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "痉挛性瘫", "B": "出现病理反射", "C": "弛缓性瘫", "D": "腱反射亢进"}, "answer": "弛缓性瘫", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "支气管肺炎与支气管炎的主要鉴别点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热的高低", "B": "咳嗽的轻重", "C": "食欲的好坏", "D": "肺部是否有固定的中小水泡音"}, "answer": "肺部是否有固定的中小水泡音", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.慢性肾小球肾炎,主要原因为水钠潴留的高血压治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "β受体阻滞剂", "B": "呋塞米", "C": "钙拮抗剂", "D": "α受体阻滞剂"}, "answer": "呋塞米", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "利多卡因对哪种心律失常无效(  )。", "options": {"A": "心肌梗死致室性心律失常", "B": "心室纤颤", "C": "心房纤颤", "D": "以上均有效"}, "answer": "心房纤颤", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "胸骨右缘第二肋间触及收缩期震颤,最常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "三尖瓣狭窄", "B": "二尖瓣狭窄", "C": "室间隔缺损", "D": "主动脉瓣狭窄"}, "answer": "主动脉瓣狭窄", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,43岁,农民,皮下结节两年,右眼视物模糊半年。查:躯干、四肢可扪及十余个皮下结节,心肺(-),眼科诊断为右眼白内障,用阿苯达唑后,病人诉,右眼视力明显下降。可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右眼白内障进展", "B": "右眼新出现了眼囊虫", "C": "右眼发生了色素膜炎", "D": "应换用吡喹酮"}, "answer": "右眼发生了色素膜炎", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪一项不符合对感觉障碍的判断?(  )", "options": {"A": "感觉径路刺激性病变可引起疼痛、感觉过敏和感觉异常", "B": "过度刺激性病变可引起感觉过度,表现有潜伏期及后作用", "C": "牵涉性疼痛系指内脏病变时出现相应皮肤节段区疼痛及感觉过敏", "D": "放射性疼痛系指疼痛可扩散到受累的感觉神经的支配区"}, "answer": "过度刺激性病变可引起感觉过度,表现有潜伏期及后作用", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,58岁,糖尿病4年,饮食控制严格,口服降糖药治疗效果满意,但近1年来自觉症状加重,空腹血糖11.1mmol/L。目前应采取的最有效治疗措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "减少热卡摄入", "B": "体育锻炼", "C": "减肥", "D": "换用胰岛素"}, "answer": "换用胰岛素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "椎基底动脉血栓形成不出现下列哪个症状?(  )", "options": {"A": "眼球运动障碍", "B": "吞咽困难", "C": "失语", "D": "交叉性瘫痪"}, "answer": "失语", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "NK细胞所不具备的生物学功能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "非特异杀伤肿瘤靶细胞", "B": "非特异杀伤某些病毒感染的靶细胞", "C": "通过释放穿孔素杀伤肿瘤靶细胞", "D": "通过释放蛋白水解酶杀伤病毒感染的靶细胞"}, "answer": "通过释放蛋白水解酶杀伤病毒感染的靶细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "根据《母婴保健法》的规定,产前诊断出现(  )时,医师应当向夫妻双方说明情况,并提出终止妊娠的医学意见。", "options": {"A": "胎儿患有严重遗传性疾病", "B": "胎儿有一般性缺陷", "C": "孕妇患传染病", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "胎儿患有严重遗传性疾病", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,35岁。右肾结核行右肾切除,抗结核治疗半年多,尿痛缓解,但尿频加重,每晚8~9次。静脉尿路造影见左肾显影尚好,仅伴轻度肾积水及膀胱挛缩,尿常规白细胞0~2/HP,现治疗应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "左肾造瘘术", "B": "左输尿管皮肤造瘘术", "C": "膀胱扩大术", "D": "膀胱造瘘术"}, "answer": "膀胱扩大术", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,52岁,突发脑出血、头痛、呕吐、昏迷,血压190/90mmHg,应迅速给予(  )。", "options": {"A": "降血压治疗", "B": "降颅压治疗", "C": "维持生命体征", "D": "防治血管痉挛"}, "answer": "降颅压治疗", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "氨基酰-tRNA合成酶的特点正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "催化反应需GTP", "B": "存在于细胞核中", "C": "对氨基酸、tRNA都有专一性", "D": "直接生成甲酰蛋氨酰-tRNA"}, "answer": "对氨基酸、tRNA都有专一性", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "出血性梗死的条件不包括哪一项?(  )", "options": {"A": "组织结构疏松", "B": "往往在淤血的基础上发生", "C": "组织结构致密", "D": "血管吻合支丰富"}, "answer": "组织结构致密", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一位符合安乐死条件的病人,医师使用药物结束其痛苦的生命,属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "医助安乐死", "B": "被动安乐死", "C": "主动安乐死", "D": "自杀安乐死"}, "answer": "主动安乐死", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿18个月,于7月2日来院就诊。腹泻2天,大便呈蛋花样混有黏液,量多,有腥臭味。粪常规镜检无白细胞。哭时泪少,尿少。精神萎靡,口唇樱桃红,呼吸深大,心音低钝,脉搏细速,肌张力降低,腹胀,四肢厥冷,皮肤发花。2.该患儿可能出现的水、电解质酸碱平衡紊乱为(  )。", "options": {"A": "低钾血症,重度脱水、代谢性酸中毒", "B": "中度脱水,低钙血症,代谢性酸中毒", "C": "低钾血症,低钙血症,重度脱水", "D": "低钾血症,低钙血症,代谢性酸中毒,中度脱水"}, "answer": "低钾血症,重度脱水、代谢性酸中毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,32岁,腹泻3个月。大便每日7~10次,稀便,无脓血黏液,伴乏力,体重减轻5kg。患者7年前曾到东南亚某国打工3年。查体:慢性病容,肛门周围有疱疹,疱疹内容物镜检查偶见白细胞。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "艾滋病", "B": "慢性菌痢", "C": "溃疡性结肠炎", "D": "结肠癌"}, "answer": "艾滋病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.能抗焦虑又能治疗癫痫持续状态的药物(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯妥英钠", "B": "地西泮", "C": "乙琥胺", "D": "氯丙嗪"}, "answer": "地西泮", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.属于抗生素类抗癌药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡铂", "B": "环磷酰胺", "C": "阿霉素", "D": "长春新碱"}, "answer": "阿霉素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,51岁。腹痛伴腹胀1天,暴饮暴食后突然剧烈上腹痛,之后出现腹胀,停止排气、排便。查体:T 38.2℃,P 120次/分,R 25次/分,BP 135/73mmHg。腹部明显膨隆,双侧腰肋部皮下瘀斑。全腹肌紧张,压痛和反跳痛(+),肠鸣音消失。实验室检查:血清淀粉酶180U/L,WBC 17×109/L。1.关于该患者的肠外营养支持,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "各种营养成分应单瓶输注", "B": "以外周静脉输注为主", "C": "加入谷氨酰胺以保护肠黏膜屏障", "D": "加入清蛋白作为肠外营养的氮源"}, "answer": "加入谷氨酰胺以保护肠黏膜屏障", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,56岁。10年前曾出现肝大、黄疸、肝功能障碍,血中HBV标记阳性,两个月后病情缓解。3年前出现腹水、脾大、蜘蛛痣,肝脏体积缩小。半年前进行性消瘦,肝脏明显增大,“B超”示肝内多发性结节。应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "坏死后性肝硬变", "B": "肝硬变合并肝癌", "C": "肝淤血", "D": "脂肪肝"}, "answer": "肝硬变合并肝癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.人体实验为(  )。", "options": {"A": "以病人作为受试对象的试验", "B": "以人作为受试对象的试验", "C": "人体实验时必须要做到真正的知情同意", "D": "选择受试者的时候需遵循的"}, "answer": "以人作为受试对象的试验", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性肺脓肿抗菌治疗的疗程是(  )。", "options": {"A": "4~6周", "B": "6~8周", "C": "8~12周", "D": "16~30周"}, "answer": "6~8周", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "产妇娩出胎儿5分钟后,出现大量阴道流血,最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "凝血功能障碍", "B": "产妇精神紧张", "C": "胎盘剥离不全", "D": "子宫收缩乏力"}, "answer": "胎盘剥离不全", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者,查:血小板10×109/L。3.若患者切脾后血小板计数仍低于20×109/L,下列难治性ITP治疗的论述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用长春新碱可使患者得到缓解", "B": "在月经期反复出血者应行子宫切除术治疗", "C": "中医药治疗", "D": "以上均不正确"}, "answer": "应用长春新碱可使患者得到缓解", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "组织细胞在绝对不应期时兴奋性(  )。", "options": {"A": "为零", "B": "小于正常", "C": "大于正常", "D": "无限大"}, "answer": "为零", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,16岁。2周来尿少,全身水肿明显,尿蛋白定量8g/24h,血浆白蛋白18g/L,尿沉渣镜检有红细胞3~5个/HP,有透明管型和偶见颗粒管型,血红蛋白正常,血肌酐正常,血尿素氮10mmol/L。3.大量蛋白尿的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "患者活动量大", "B": "静脉滴注白蛋白引起", "C": "肝脏合成蛋白质的能力增强", "D": "肾小球滤过膜通透性增加"}, "answer": "肾小球滤过膜通透性增加", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于心动周期的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左心室压力升高速度最快的是等容收缩期", "B": "房室瓣开放见于等容舒张期末", "C": "快速射血期末左室内压力最高", "D": "心室充盈主要靠心房收缩的挤压作用"}, "answer": "心室充盈主要靠心房收缩的挤压作用", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性肾上腺皮质功能减退症不全的替代治疗中,首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "泼尼松", "B": "可的松", "C": "泼尼松龙", "D": "氟氢可的松"}, "answer": "可的松", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "正常成人热量的基本需要量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "25kcal/(kg·d)", "B": "45kcal/(kg·d)", "C": "35kcal/(kg·d)", "D": "15kcal/(kg·d)"}, "answer": "25kcal/(kg·d)", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "法洛四联症心脏杂音响度主要取决于(  )。", "options": {"A": "左、右心室之间压力差", "B": "肺动脉瓣狭窄程度", "C": "室间隔缺损大小", "D": "主动脉骑跨程度"}, "answer": "肺动脉瓣狭窄程度", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者已确诊为艾滋病,为了防止其感染其他人,应采取哪一项措施预防更合理(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸道隔离", "B": "饮食隔离", "C": "避免探视", "D": "严格管理病人的排泄物,医用器械"}, "answer": "严格管理病人的排泄物,医用器械", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,50岁,高血压5年。规律服用培哚普利、美托洛尔和阿司匹林治疗,无胸痛,查体无异常。实验室检查:血TC 3.8mmol/L,LDL-C 2.0mmol/L,TG 5.9mmol/L,HDL-C 0.9mmol/L,首选的降脂药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "依折麦布", "B": "普罗布考", "C": "非诺贝特", "D": "阿托伐他汀"}, "answer": "非诺贝特", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,32岁,长期乏力求医。血红蛋白77g/L,平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度26%,平均红细胞体积63μm3,网织红细胞数2.0%,血清铁5μmol/L(280μg/L),总铁结合力4980μg/L。1.该患者的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溶血性贫血", "B": "缺铁性贫血", "C": "慢性炎症性贫血", "D": "巨幼红细胞性贫血"}, "answer": "缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "代谢性酸中毒在没有发展到循环衰竭程度时,治疗首先选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "使用三羟氨基甲基甲烷", "B": "使用乳酸钠", "C": "使用碳酸氢钠", "D": "实施病因治疗"}, "answer": "实施病因治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于斜疝的特点,描述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "精索在疝囊前外方", "B": "精索在疝囊后方", "C": "很少发生嵌顿", "D": "多见于老年人"}, "answer": "精索在疝囊后方", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "青春期无排卵型功血的治疗原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "减少出血、促进卵巢排卵", "B": "止血、促进排卵", "C": "止血、调整周期", "D": "促进内膜剥落、调整月经周期"}, "answer": "止血、调整周期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "由于活动范围增加,对危险的识别和自我保护能力不足,很容易发生意外伤害的年龄期是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿期", "B": "婴儿期", "C": "幼儿期", "D": "学龄期"}, "answer": "幼儿期", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.在一个心动周期中,动脉血压的最高值为(  )。", "options": {"A": "收缩压", "B": "舒张压", "C": "脉压", "D": "中心静脉压"}, "answer": "收缩压", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,10岁。右侧阴囊内肿块,大小约4cm×5cm×5cm,平卧后消失。2.若检查为阳性,可诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "睾丸鞘膜积液", "B": "精索鞘膜积液", "C": "交通性鞘膜积液", "D": "右腹股沟斜疝"}, "answer": "交通性鞘膜积液", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医师在旅游途中救治了1位突发心脏病的旅客,该医师履行的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医师职权", "B": "政治义务", "C": "法律义务", "D": "道德义务"}, "answer": "道德义务", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "蛋白质分子中的α螺旋和β片层都属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "一级结构", "B": "二级结构", "C": "三级结构", "D": "域结构"}, "answer": "二级结构", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有关输血的适应证,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纠正贫血或低蛋白血症", "B": "严重感染输入抗体补体", "C": "凝血异常补充各种凝血因子", "D": "以上均正确"}, "answer": "以上均正确", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "健康促进的核心策略包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "保护环境", "B": "职业卫生", "C": "社会动员", "D": "疾病控制"}, "answer": "社会动员", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项不是股骨颈骨折的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "好发于老年人", "B": "患肢外旋45°~60°", "C": "患肢常短缩", "D": "Bryant三角底边增长"}, "answer": "Bryant三角底边增长", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "羊水栓塞出现DIC早期表现,最先选用下述哪种措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "肝素", "B": "止血药,如6-氨基己酸", "C": "输新鲜血", "D": "阿托品"}, "answer": "肝素", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,8个月,持续高热、频咳,精神萎靡5天,近2天气促加重,今抽搐3次,全身性发作,,嗜睡,查体:体温40度,呼吸54次/分,双肺少量湿啰音,左下肺闻及管状呼吸音,肝肋下1cm。白细胞计数升高不明显。X线显示大小不等的片状病灶或融合性病灶,以两肺下野及右上肺多见。2.病程中,患儿出现弛张高热,胸部X线片出现新的阴影,提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "原有感染加重", "B": "合并细菌感染", "C": "并发败血症", "D": "并发心衰"}, "answer": "合并细菌感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "8月男性,诊断为化脓性脑膜炎患儿经治疗1周后,体温下降,精神好转,但是前囟又隆起,头围增大,复查脑脊液明显好转,头颅透照试验阳性。1.考虑最可能的诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "并发硬膜下积液", "B": "并发颅内出血", "C": "并发低钠脑病", "D": "并发中毒性脑病"}, "answer": "并发硬膜下积液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "脑出血病人CT扫描图像为(  )。", "options": {"A": "起病后即可见异常高密度影", "B": "起病24~48小时后可见异常高密度影", "C": "起病后即可见低密度异常影", "D": "起病后24小时内无变化"}, "answer": "起病后即可见异常高密度影", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,59岁,约有10年高血压病史,经强心、利尿治疗好转,但近日病情加重,出现心慌、气短,下肢水肿加重。诊断为原发性高血压、慢性心功不全、心肌肥大。最好加用哪一种药物继续治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡托普利", "B": "肼屈嗪", "C": "硝苯地平", "D": "氨茶碱"}, "answer": "卡托普利", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "铅中毒时的神经系统损害表现有以下哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "周围神经炎", "B": "中毒性脑病", "C": "A+B+C都有", "D": "有A+B"}, "answer": "A+B+C都有", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "Meselson和Stahl利用15N及14N标记大肠杆菌的繁殖传代实验证明了(  )。", "options": {"A": "DNA可转录为mRNA", "B": "DNA可表达为蛋白质", "C": "DNA的全保留复制机制", "D": "DNA的半保留复制机制"}, "answer": "DNA的半保留复制机制", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "胃大部分切除患者出现贫血,其主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HCl减少", "B": "黏液减少", "C": "内因子减少", "D": "胃蛋白酶活性减弱"}, "answer": "内因子减少", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "毛果芸香碱不具有的药理作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺体分泌增加", "B": "胃肠道平滑肌收缩", "C": "心率减慢", "D": "骨骼肌收缩"}, "answer": "骨骼肌收缩", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.上述哪项是延长移植物存活最有效的方法?(  )", "options": {"A": "进行ABO血型配型", "B": "进行HLA配型", "C": "进行混合淋巴细胞培养", "D": "应用FK-506"}, "answer": "应用FK-506", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.气性坏疽的致病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溶血性链球菌", "B": "绿脓杆菌", "C": "梭状芽孢杆菌", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "梭状芽孢杆菌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.病人反复出现一些想法,明知不必要或不合理,但无法控制。该症状属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "强迫性思维", "B": "思维奔逸", "C": "联想散漫", "D": "思维插入"}, "answer": "强迫性思维", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不属于十二指肠球部溃疡并发症的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "幽门梗阻", "B": "癌变", "C": "出血", "D": "慢性穿孔"}, "answer": "癌变", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "上皮非典型增生是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "上皮细胞增生,但极性不丧失", "B": "上皮细胞层次增多", "C": "上皮细胞的异型增生", "D": "上皮细胞的化生"}, "answer": "上皮细胞的异型增生", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于静息电位的叙述,哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "由K+外流所致,相当于K+的平衡电位", "B": "各种细胞的静息电位数值是不相同的", "C": "是指细胞安静时,膜内外电位差", "D": "是指细胞安静时,膜外的电位"}, "answer": "是指细胞安静时,膜外的电位", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "钩端螺旋体病患者出现后发热的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "再燃", "B": "复发", "C": "先后两批病原体侵入", "D": "变态反应"}, "answer": "变态反应", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于酶变构调节特点的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一种可逆的共价调节", "B": "一种不可逆的非共价调节", "C": "通过酶的调节部位起作用", "D": "别位酶的酶促反应动力学符合米氏方程"}, "answer": "通过酶的调节部位起作用", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.烦渴、高热、尿少、尿比重高(  )。", "options": {"A": "低渗性脱水", "B": "高渗性脱水", "C": "低钾血症", "D": "代谢性酸中毒"}, "answer": "高渗性脱水", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.女,60岁,糖尿病病史20年.因“肺部感染”入院,治疗应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "饮食控制+运动锻炼", "B": "双胍类", "C": "磺脲类", "D": "胰岛素"}, "answer": "胰岛素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "增生性肠结核最常见的并发症(  )。", "options": {"A": "下消化道出血", "B": "癌变", "C": "梗阻", "D": "肠内瘘管"}, "answer": "梗阻", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "丙基硫氧嘧啶治疗甲亢过程中,需停药处理的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "规则用药已6个月,甲亢仍未控制", "B": "甲状腺较治疗前明显增大", "C": "突眼情况加重", "D": "血中性粒细胞<1.5×109/L"}, "answer": "血中性粒细胞<1.5×109/L", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医师在诊疗活动中,不过度医疗所体现的医师行为规范是(  )。", "options": {"A": "规范行医", "B": "严格权限", "C": "救死扶伤", "D": "重视人文"}, "answer": "规范行医", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4岁小儿标准体重是(  )。", "options": {"A": "12kg", "B": "14kg", "C": "16kg", "D": "18kg"}, "answer": "16kg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "人的造血干细胞的主要来源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓", "B": "淋巴结", "C": "脾脏", "D": "肠系膜淋巴结"}, "answer": "骨髓", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性患者,78岁,胆囊切除术后第2天,自觉憋气、痰多、发热、腹痛。查:心率100次/分,心电图无特殊发现,白细胞17×109/L。2.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心肌梗死", "B": "肺部感染", "C": "胸腔积液", "D": "胆瘘"}, "answer": "肺部感染", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,37岁,1年前诊断为再生障碍性贫血,经治疗好转。2个月来乏力、头晕加重,间有酱油色尿。查:血红蛋白60g/L,白细胞4×109/L,血小板60×109/L,网织红细脚84%,骨髓增生活跃,细胞外铁阴性。2.下述治疗措施对上述病人的症状无减轻作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "雄激素", "B": "铁剂", "C": "糖皮质激素", "D": "脾切除"}, "answer": "脾切除", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.患者,男,55岁。进行性吞咽困难3个月余,食管吞钡X线片示:食管中段有6cm长充盈缺损。食管镜活检报告为食管癌,锁骨上窝无肿大淋巴结,其余检查未发现异常。其治疗应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "手术治疗", "B": "术前放疗,放疗后3周内手术", "C": "化学疗法", "D": "中医中药治疗"}, "answer": "术前放疗,放疗后3周内手术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "地西泮抗焦虑的主要作用部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "边缘系统", "B": "下丘脑", "C": "黑质纹状体", "D": "大脑皮质"}, "answer": "边缘系统", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "骨折临床愈合后,骨痂的改造塑形决定于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肢体活动和负重所形成的应力", "B": "外固定的牢固性", "C": "骨痂的多少", "D": "是否配合治疗"}, "answer": "肢体活动和负重所形成的应力", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "低血钾的原因不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "呕吐进食少", "B": "尿中排泄", "C": "酸中毒时钾向细胞内转移", "D": "久泻和营养不良"}, "answer": "酸中毒时钾向细胞内转移", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列乳腺癌类型中常表现为粉刺癌的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "浸润性小叶癌", "B": "浸润性导管癌", "C": "导管内原位癌", "D": "小叶原位癌"}, "answer": "导管内原位癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.患者尿道流脓,考虑诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性前列腺炎", "B": "膀胱炎", "C": "淋病性尿道炎", "D": "肾积脓"}, "answer": "淋病性尿道炎", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "脑震荡临床表现不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "意识障碍不超过30分钟", "B": "醒后常有头晕、头痛、恶心呕吐", "C": "腰穿脑脊液中红细胞1000×106/L(1000/mm3)", "D": "逆行性遗忘"}, "answer": "腰穿脑脊液中红细胞1000×106/L(1000/mm3)", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,38岁,反复出现劳累后四肢无力,活动不能。体检:血压170/100mmHg,身高172cm,体重80kg,甲状腺Ⅱ度肿大,心、肺、腹(-),实验室检查:晨尿pH7.5,比重1.016,镜检(-),血钾3.9mmol/L,钠145mmol/L,氯100mmol/L。1.以下最可能异常的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ACTH", "B": "T3,T4,TSH", "C": "醛固酮", "D": "皮质醇"}, "answer": "醛固酮", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "胃食管反流病的主要症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上腹痛", "B": "反酸", "C": "吞咽困难", "D": "嗳气"}, "answer": "反酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.当外阴部受到损伤时,最易形成血肿的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大阴唇", "B": "小阴唇", "C": "阴阜", "D": "前庭大腺"}, "answer": "大阴唇", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "原发性肝癌肝内播散最主要的途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "经淋巴管", "B": "直接侵犯", "C": "经肝动脉", "D": "经门静脉"}, "answer": "经门静脉", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者因急性肠梗阻开腹探查证实为降结肠肿物所致,发现近端肠管充血水肿严重。下列哪种术式不宜采用?(  )", "options": {"A": "横结肠造瘘,二期肠切除吻合", "B": "左半结肠切除,一期吻合", "C": "肿瘤切除后近端造瘘,远端封闭", "D": "盲肠造瘘,二期左半结肠切除"}, "answer": "左半结肠切除,一期吻合", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪种细菌性肺炎一般不出现肺脓肿改变?(  )", "options": {"A": "军团菌肺炎", "B": "肺炎克雷伯杆菌肺炎", "C": "肺炎链球菌肺炎", "D": "大肠杆菌肺炎"}, "answer": "肺炎链球菌肺炎", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "老年女性患者,20年前曾发热、腰痛、尿频。现多尿,血压明显升高,并有氮质血症。此种疾病的肾脏肉眼所见是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蚤咬肾", "B": "大白肾", "C": "颗粒性固缩肾", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "以上都不是", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,35岁,动物园鸟类饲养员。发热、咳嗽伴头痛、眼痛1周。查体:T 40℃,睑结膜充血,双肺可闻及湿啰音。血常规正常,胸部X线片示间质性肺炎。其感染的病原体最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎支原体", "B": "腺病毒", "C": "呼吸道合胞病毒", "D": "肺炎衣原体"}, "answer": "肺炎衣原体", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.抑制胃液分泌的因素(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙酰胆碱与组胺", "B": "盐酸与脂肪", "C": "抑胃肽与胆囊收缩素", "D": "促胰液素与胆囊收缩素"}, "answer": "盐酸与脂肪", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.连续久服地西泮突然停药出现的焦虑、激动、震颤等症状称之为(  )。", "options": {"A": "耐受性", "B": "反跳现象", "C": "戒断症状", "D": "急性中毒"}, "answer": "戒断症状", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,28岁。药物流产后5天,高热伴右下腹疼痛1天。妇科检查:脓性白带,宫颈举痛,宫体如妊娠6周大小,右附件区有明显压痛。2.对本病诊断无意义的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "后穹隆穿刺", "B": "腹腔镜检", "C": "B超", "D": "尿HCG检测"}, "answer": "尿HCG检测", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "哪一种麻醉不宜用普鲁卡因?(  )", "options": {"A": "表面麻醉", "B": "浸润麻醉", "C": "传导麻醉", "D": "硬膜外麻醉"}, "answer": "表面麻醉", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,70岁。饮酒1小时后呕咖啡样物100ml,后排黑便100g。既往体健。查体:P 110次/分,BP 90/50mmHg。2.对诊断及治疗最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃镜", "B": "腹部X线平片", "C": "腹部B超", "D": "腹部CT"}, "answer": "胃镜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医师在执业活动中有权出具的医学证明文件为(  )。", "options": {"A": "在注册的执业范围内", "B": "患者实事求是地提出要求的范围内", "C": "在所在医疗机构的服务范围内", "D": "在医疗范围内"}, "answer": "在注册的执业范围内", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.神经纤维传递信息的方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "锋电位", "B": "负后电位", "C": "正后电位", "D": "局部电位"}, "answer": "锋电位", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述器官坏死,哪种属于液化性坏死?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺脏", "B": "心脏", "C": "肝脏", "D": "脑"}, "answer": "脑", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5岁患儿,跌倒时手掌着地,肘关节半屈,查肘部明显肿胀及压痛,骨折远侧端向后外突出,肘关节呈半屈畸形,桡动脉搏动消失,肘后三角存在。被动伸指时有剧烈疼痛。2.正确的治疗方案为(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即切开筋膜减压,敞开皮肤", "B": "持续尺骨鹰嘴骨牵引", "C": "臂丛阻滞下行手法复位,应用血管扩张剂解除血管痉挛,无效后立即手术探查", "D": "立即手法复位,后侧石膏托固定"}, "answer": "臂丛阻滞下行手法复位,应用血管扩张剂解除血管痉挛,无效后立即手术探查", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下哪项是不良反应最小,可进入脑脊液的咪唑类抗真菌药?(  )", "options": {"A": "克霉唑", "B": "咪康唑", "C": "氟康唑", "D": "氟胞嘧啶"}, "answer": "氟康唑", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "镰刀形贫血是因为血红蛋白B链基因上哪种突变引起的?(  )", "options": {"A": "点突变", "B": "倒位", "C": "缺失", "D": "移码突变"}, "answer": "点突变", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.上腹部手术拆线时间为(  )。", "options": {"A": "4~5天", "B": "6~7天", "C": "7~9天", "D": "14天"}, "answer": "7~9天", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,18岁。近几个月来常因琐事与父母发生激烈争吵,闷闷不乐,被诊断为抑郁症而入院治疗。两周后,其父母去探视,患者起初表现出既想见又不想见的矛盾心理,但最终还是决定拒绝见其父母。医生根据病情同意了患者的决定。3.根据《精神卫生法》,医生可以限制患者父母会见患者的理由是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医疗机构尚未作出再次诊断结论", "B": "未取得医疗机构负责人同意", "C": "为了避免妨碍治疗", "D": "未取得当地卫生行政部门批准"}, "answer": "为了避免妨碍治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "补充累积损失阶段所需时间为(  )。", "options": {"A": "2~4小时", "B": "8~12小时", "C": "12~16小时", "D": "24小时内"}, "answer": "8~12小时", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,25岁,每天服用一种药以振作精神,突然停服后即出现烦躁不安,精神萎靡不振,所服用药物可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吗啡", "B": "海洛因", "C": "苯丙胺", "D": "麻黄碱"}, "answer": "苯丙胺", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.红细胞悬浮稳定性差时,红细胞出现什么变化?(  )", "options": {"A": "黏着", "B": "聚集", "C": "叠连", "D": "凝集"}, "answer": "叠连", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列何种股骨颈骨折最容易发生股骨头坏死?(  )", "options": {"A": "股骨头下骨折", "B": "经股骨颈骨折", "C": "稳定性股骨颈骨折", "D": "不完全移位的股骨颈骨折"}, "answer": "股骨头下骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.反复发作肉眼血尿(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性链球菌感染后肾炎", "B": "IgA肾病", "C": "慢性肾炎", "D": "迁延性肾炎"}, "answer": "IgA肾病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,40岁。车祸后出现短暂昏迷,2小时后剧烈头痛,频繁呕吐。急诊查体:神志清楚,双侧瞳孔大小多变,对光反射迟钝,肢体活动正常。行头颅CT检查途中,发生呼吸骤停。最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑挫裂伤", "B": "急性颅后窝血肿并发枕骨大孔疝", "C": "急性颅内血肿并发小脑幕切迹疝", "D": "脑震荡"}, "answer": "急性颅后窝血肿并发枕骨大孔疝", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3岁男孩,发现水肿1月,尿常规:蛋白(+++)红细胞2~4个/高倍视野。血浆蛋白25g/L,胆固醇9.6mmol/L。4.单纯性肾病综合征最常见的并发症不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "电解质紊乱", "B": "血栓形成", "C": "高血压脑病", "D": "肾功能衰竭"}, "answer": "高血压脑病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,33岁。突发头痛,右眼睑下垂,右瞳孔扩大,直接和间接对光反射消失,左侧间接对光反射正常。损伤的部位可能在(  )。", "options": {"A": "左侧视神经及动眼神经", "B": "右侧动眼神经", "C": "特异性投射系统", "D": "非特异性投射系统"}, "answer": "右侧动眼神经", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不是朊粒引起的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "亚急性硬化性全脑炎", "B": "库鲁病", "C": "羊瘙痒症", "D": "牛海绵状脑病(疯牛病)"}, "answer": "亚急性硬化性全脑炎", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.能减弱心肌收缩力并减慢心率的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "普萘洛尔", "B": "去甲肾上腺素", "C": "酚妥拉明", "D": "肾上腺素"}, "answer": "普萘洛尔", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,50岁。近5年来逐渐出现活动后心悸、气短。查体:心尖部可闻及舒张期隆隆样杂音。3.最有助于确诊的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心电图", "B": "超声心动图", "C": "胸部X线摄片", "D": "PET"}, "answer": "超声心动图", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "诊断原发性不孕的依据为(  )。", "options": {"A": "结婚2年,未避孕1年,未孕", "B": "结婚3年,未避孕,自然流产后未孕", "C": "结婚4年,避孕套避孕,近2年未避孕未孕", "D": "结婚4年,人工流产1年,近2年未避孕未孕"}, "answer": "结婚2年,未避孕1年,未孕", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,37岁,高热、皮肤瘙痒半月,右颈及锁骨上淋巴结肿大,无压痛,互相粘连。血红蛋白90g/L,白细胞10×109/L,中性粒细胞66%,淋巴细胞24%。骨髓涂片找到里-斯细胞。哪项为常用的化疗方案?(  )", "options": {"A": "MOPP", "B": "VDP", "C": "苯丁酸氮芥", "D": "HA+DA"}, "answer": "MOPP", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "血管扩张剂治疗心力衰竭的主要作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "增强心肌收缩力", "B": "改善心肌供血", "C": "降低心脏前、后负荷", "D": "降低心肌耗氧量"}, "answer": "降低心脏前、后负荷", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在医疗过程中,医生的权利应该服从(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人的权利", "B": "社会公益的原则", "C": "家属的权利", "D": "医院行政管理的监督"}, "answer": "病人的权利", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,1岁,因生长发育落后就诊。不认识父母,不能独坐,表情呆滞,生后6个月起反复抽搐发作,毛发黄褐色,尿有鼠尿臭昧。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "婴儿痉挛症", "B": "甲状腺功能减低", "C": "脑瘫", "D": "苯丙酮尿症"}, "answer": "苯丙酮尿症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于钩端螺旋体病,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病原体可进入血液引起钩端螺旋体血症", "B": "该病可累及全身", "C": "患者病后可获得细胞免疫为主的特异性免疫力", "D": "人主要通过接触被污染的水或土壤而患病"}, "answer": "患者病后可获得细胞免疫为主的特异性免疫力", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肺弥散功能障碍最常出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "PaO2正常,PaCO2上升", "B": "PaO2下降,PaCO2上升", "C": "PaO2正常,PaCO2正常", "D": "PaO2正常,PaCO2下降"}, "answer": "PaO2下降,PaCO2上升", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肠伤寒时血清肥达反应阳性出现在(  )。", "options": {"A": "第三周以后", "B": "第二周以后", "C": "第十周以后", "D": "第五周以后"}, "answer": "第二周以后", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "术后腹气胀应选用以下哪种药?(  )", "options": {"A": "阿托品", "B": "东莨菪碱", "C": "毒扁豆碱", "D": "新斯的明"}, "answer": "新斯的明", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "哪一项在小儿原发型肺结核临床表现中少见?(  )", "options": {"A": "消瘦、盗汗、纳差", "B": "结核菌素试验阳性", "C": "肺部湿啰音明显", "D": "低热、乏力"}, "answer": "肺部湿啰音明显", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "胎儿时期供给哪一种器官的血含氧量最高?(  )", "options": {"A": "心", "B": "肺", "C": "肾", "D": "肝"}, "answer": "肝", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "手术后24小时之内发热的原因通常不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "代谢性或内分泌异常", "B": "肺不张", "C": "输血反应", "D": "静脉炎"}, "answer": "静脉炎", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "上消化道大出血时,表现是呕血还是便血,与下列哪项关系不大?(  )", "options": {"A": "出血部位", "B": "出血速度", "C": "出血量", "D": "出血时间"}, "answer": "出血时间", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,26岁,10天来因全身皮肤出血点伴牙龈出血就诊。化验PLT 35×109/L,临床诊断为慢性特发性血小板减少性紫癜,体征支持ITP诊断的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "面部蝶形红斑", "B": "口腔溃疡", "C": "下肢肌肉血肿", "D": "脾脏不大"}, "answer": "脾脏不大", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男婴,足月,自然分娩,娩出时脐带绕颈一周,Apgar评分1分钟与5分钟分别为3分、7分。查体:小儿激惹,拥抱反射增强,肌张力高。最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿低血糖", "B": "新生儿脑膜炎", "C": "室管膜下出血", "D": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病"}, "answer": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "猩红热患儿皮疹特点,以下哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "皮疹粗糙,鸡皮样疹", "B": "在腋窝、腹股沟等皮肤皱褶处皮疹稀疏", "C": "常在24小时内遍及全身", "D": "疹间皮肤亦呈红色"}, "answer": "在腋窝、腹股沟等皮肤皱褶处皮疹稀疏", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不是思维形式障碍的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "思维散漫", "B": "赘述症", "C": "持续言语", "D": "思维中断"}, "answer": "持续言语", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "细菌性痢疾病变多位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "直肠和乙状结肠", "B": "空肠", "C": "十二指肠", "D": "回肠"}, "answer": "直肠和乙状结肠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一成人烧伤面积60%,7小时后人院,经注射吗啡,头孢类抗生素和生理盐水1000mL,仍有休克,应考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "感染性休克", "B": "心源性休克", "C": "低血容量性休克", "D": "中毒性休克"}, "answer": "低血容量性休克", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,45岁,酗酒后8小时出现中上腹疼痛,放射至两侧腰部,伴恶心、呕吐。查体:腹部有压痛、肌紧张及两侧腰腹部出现蓝棕色斑,血压75/55mmHg,脉搏110次/min。2.下列检查应首先选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "血、尿常规", "B": "尿淀粉酶测定", "C": "胸腹部X线平片", "D": "血清淀粉酶测定"}, "answer": "血清淀粉酶测定", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述生产性毒物中,属于窒息性气体的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氢氰酸", "B": "氯乙烯", "C": "一氧化氮", "D": "苯"}, "answer": "氢氰酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不宜使用吗啡治疗慢性钝痛的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "易成瘾", "B": "可致便秘", "C": "治疗量可抑制呼吸", "D": "可引起直立性低血压"}, "answer": "易成瘾", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不影响血红素生物合成的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾素", "B": "血红素", "C": "Pb2+", "D": "Fe2+"}, "answer": "肾素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,29岁。左腰痛伴发热3天,体温39~40℃,1周前有胸部疖肿。尿液检查正常,腹部平片发现脊柱弯向左侧,左肾及左腰大肌阴影消失,右肾阴影大小正常。应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾脓肿", "B": "肾周围炎", "C": "肾结核", "D": "肾皮质脓肿"}, "answer": "肾周围炎", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小剂量地塞米松抑制试验适用于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺皮质增多症定性", "B": "肾上腺皮质功能减退症定位", "C": "肾上腺皮质功能减退症定性", "D": "肾上腺皮质增多症定位"}, "answer": "肾上腺皮质增多症定性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性持续性疼痛阵发性加剧并休克,最可能的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "早期结肠癌", "B": "绞窄性肠梗阻", "C": "急性阑尾炎", "D": "外伤性肝破裂"}, "answer": "绞窄性肠梗阻", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,10岁。发热、头痛、呕吐3天,嗜睡半天,于7月10日入院。既往体健。查体:T 38.6℃,P 112次/分,R 20次/分,BP 130/75mmHg。神志不清,皮肤未见出血点,心肺未见异常,腹软,压痛及反跳痛(-),肝、脾肋下未触及,颈抵抗(+),双侧Babinski征(+)。实验室检查:血WBC 12.4×109/L,中性粒细胞0.70,淋巴细胞0.30。腰穿脑脊液检查:压力200mmH2O,WBC 170×106/L,单核0.66,多核0.34,蛋白1.1g/L,糖4.2mmol/L,氯化物115mmol/L。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "流行性乙型脑炎", "B": "肾综合征出血热", "C": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "D": "结核性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "流行性乙型脑炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于苯二氮类的叙述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是最常用的镇静催眠药", "B": "可用于小儿高热惊厥", "C": "可用于心脏电复律前给药", "D": "长期用药不产生耐受性和依赖性"}, "answer": "长期用药不产生耐受性和依赖性", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "DNA连接酶的作用正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "能去除引物,填补空缺", "B": "合成冈崎片段", "C": "不参与DNA复制", "D": "连接DNA双链中单链缺口的两个末端"}, "answer": "连接DNA双链中单链缺口的两个末端", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "偏头痛的防治,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不要过饥、过饱", "B": "避免过度疲劳和精神紧张", "C": "不饮酒和摄进高脂肪食物", "D": "发作后可用血管扩张药"}, "answer": "发作后可用血管扩张药", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医德修养的内容不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "学习医疗卫生体制改革文件,进行政策修养", "B": "以正确的医德思想战胜不正确的医德思想,进行医德情感和信念修养", "C": "学习科学的医学伦理学理论,进行医德理论修养", "D": "实践正确的医德认识,进行医德品质和习惯修养"}, "answer": "学习医疗卫生体制改革文件,进行政策修养", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,3岁,种牛痘后5日,出现发热,体温39℃,呼吸34次/分,心率100次/分,两肺湿啰音。不宜使用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "地西泮", "B": "阿司匹林", "C": "泼尼松", "D": "头孢氨苄"}, "answer": "泼尼松", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,44岁,反复发作上腹部疼痛3年,近3d上腹绞痛,伴发热寒战,皮肤巩膜黄染。1.该病人首选检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B超", "B": "CT", "C": "MRI", "D": "PTC"}, "answer": "B超", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "先天性甲状腺功能低下分类为(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性、继发性、散发性", "B": "散发性、地方性", "C": "遗传性、非遗传性", "D": "碘缺乏性、非碘缺乏性、混合性"}, "answer": "散发性、地方性", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是细菌性痢疾病理改变最主要的部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "盲肠", "B": "回肠末端", "C": "直肠和乙状结肠", "D": "升结肠"}, "answer": "直肠和乙状结肠", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "为控制传染病疫情,医疗机构需对病人、疑似病人、病原携带者进行隔离治疗或医学观察。下列传染病属于按该要求处理的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "登革热", "B": "钩端螺旋体病", "C": "流行性出血热", "D": "肺炭疽"}, "answer": "肺炭疽", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性弥漫性腹膜炎手术治疗的步骤不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "关腹前均在腹腔内用抗生素控制感染", "B": "用生理盐水冲洗腹腔至清洁", "C": "术后一般放置腹腔引流", "D": "根据病变脏器的部位确定手术切口"}, "answer": "关腹前均在腹腔内用抗生素控制感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,48岁。接触性出血3个月,妇科检查:宫颈呈糜烂状,宫体大小正常,活动好,双侧附件区无异常,三合诊(-),阴道镜下活检病理示鳞状细胞癌,间质浸润深度6mm。1.该患者的临床分期应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫颈原位癌", "B": "宫颈癌ⅠA2期", "C": "宫颈癌ⅠB2期", "D": "宫颈癌ⅠB1期"}, "answer": "宫颈癌ⅠB1期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型的原发感染类型多为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性感染", "B": "隐性感染", "C": "潜伏感染", "D": "慢发感染"}, "answer": "隐性感染", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "7个月患儿,发热3天,体温39~40℃,流涕,轻咳。查体:一般情况好,除咽部充血外,未见其他异常,一直服用中药治疗。今日热退,皮肤出现红色斑丘疹而就诊。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "水痘", "B": "麻疹", "C": "猩红热", "D": "幼儿急疹"}, "answer": "幼儿急疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男孩,4岁,一向偏食,不吃鱼、肉、蛋,仅食蔬菜,近日发现面色渐苍白,不愿活动,时而腹泻。查体:心肺正常,肝脏于肋下触及3cm,脾未及。血象:Hb 60g/L,RBC 2.90×1012/L,血涂片:红细胞大小不等,以小为主,中心淡染区扩大。1.该患儿最可能诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "再生障碍性贫血", "B": "溶血性贫血", "C": "缺铁性贫血", "D": "营养性混合性贫血"}, "answer": "缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,3个月,生长发育良好,体重为5kg,因母亲患慢性疾病,需停用母乳而改牛奶喂养。2.该婴儿每天需8%糖牛奶量及另需补充的水分分别为(  )。", "options": {"A": "350ml、lOOml", "B": "450ml、150ml", "C": "550ml、200ml", "D": "650ml、250ml"}, "answer": "550ml、200ml", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "动脉导管解剖闭合80%发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "3个月内", "B": "6个月内", "C": "9个月内", "D": "1岁以内"}, "answer": "3个月内", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对可逆性抑制剂的描述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使酶变性失去活性", "B": "抑制剂与酶以非共价键结合", "C": "可逆性抑制即竞争性抑制", "D": "用透析等物理方法不能解除抑制"}, "answer": "抑制剂与酶以非共价键结合", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.慢性肾小球肾炎患者,尿蛋白≥1g/d,血压应控制在(  )。", "options": {"A": "120/70mmHg以下", "B": "125/75mmHg以下", "C": "140/90mmHg以下", "D": "140/85mmHg以下"}, "answer": "125/75mmHg以下", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某地区欲找出对病人生命威胁最大的疾病,以便制定防治对策,需要计算和评价的统计指标为(  )。", "options": {"A": "病死率", "B": "患病率", "C": "患病构成比", "D": "发病率"}, "answer": "病死率", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性患者,高处坠落后腹部及右下肢肿痛4小时入院。查体:T37.5℃,P136次/分,R23次/分。血压60/40mmHg,神志淡漠,眼睑口唇苍白,双肺呼吸音清,腹部紧张压痛,下肢肿胀,小腿可见广泛瘀斑及散在小水泡,头面部下肢多发裂伤,渗血不多。3.若行切开减压后,血运无改善,怎样处理(  )。", "options": {"A": "患肢抬高,减轻水肿", "B": "手术探查血管有无损伤", "C": "大量补液,增加血容量", "D": "不做特殊处理,继续观察"}, "answer": "手术探查血管有无损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "65岁女性,跌倒后右手掌着地,腕部疼痛、肿胀压痛,无反常活动,但餐叉状畸形明显,该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右腕关节脱位", "B": "右腕Colles骨折", "C": "尺骨茎突骨折", "D": "右腕关节挫伤"}, "answer": "右腕Colles骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,27岁,发热、鼻出血7天,牙龈增生似海绵状,胸骨压痛明显。血红蛋白60g/L,白细胞42×109/L,血小板20×109/L。骨髓原始细胞90%,POX(-),PAS阳性呈粗颗粒状,非特异性酯酶阴性,血清溶菌酶正常。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性早幼粒细胞白血病", "B": "急性粒细胞白血病", "C": "急性淋巴细胞白血病", "D": "急性红白血病"}, "answer": "急性淋巴细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "目前在动脉瘤开颅手术中最理想的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉瘤包裹术", "B": "动脉瘤孤立术", "C": "动脉瘤颈夹闭+动脉瘤切除术", "D": "载瘤动脉夹闭术"}, "answer": "动脉瘤颈夹闭+动脉瘤切除术", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "重度蛋白质-营养不良患儿,夜间睡眠中突然昏厥,死亡,其最主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低血容量休克", "B": "败血症并急性化脓性脑膜炎", "C": "心力衰竭", "D": "自发性低血糖发作"}, "answer": "自发性低血糖发作", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.妊娠母体心排出量达高峰的时间(  )。", "options": {"A": "孕6~8周", "B": "孕20周", "C": "孕32~34周", "D": "孕38周"}, "answer": "孕32~34周", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一酒精中毒病人刚进诊室,看到地上的电风扇说道:“你这小鬼站在这里干什么,还不快走。”定睛细看后又说:“哦,我看花眼了,是个电风扇。”此症状为(  )。", "options": {"A": "错觉", "B": "妄想", "C": "定向障碍", "D": "感觉障碍"}, "answer": "错觉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "乳头鲜红色血性溢液多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺囊性增生病", "B": "乳管内乳头状瘤", "C": "急性乳房炎", "D": "乳房纤维腺瘤"}, "answer": "乳管内乳头状瘤", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一张力性气胸患者,急诊入院。X线片见右肺完全萎缩,纵隔向右移位,立即给右锁骨中线第二肋间置闭式引流溢出大量气体,但病人呼吸困难不见好转,左呼吸音消失,皮下气肿有扩延,此诊断应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管或肺广泛裂伤", "B": "食管裂伤", "C": "引流管位置过高", "D": "并发血胸"}, "answer": "支气管或肺广泛裂伤", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,22岁,右颈部肿块1个月,无发热,病理检查为大细胞性淋巴瘤,骨髓活检未见淋巴瘤细胞,应选择哪一种治疗方案?(  )", "options": {"A": "局部照射", "B": "全淋巴结照射", "C": "化疗+局部放疗", "D": "扩大照射"}, "answer": "化疗+局部放疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,58岁,上腹不适,纳差3年。体重减轻,乏力半年。查体:贫血貌,上腹部轻压痛。Hb 88g/L,MCV 115fl,胃镜检查示胃体皱襞稀疏,黏膜血管透见。2.对诊断最有意义的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血癌胚抗原", "B": "血胃蛋白酶原", "C": "血壁细胞抗体", "D": "血胃泌素"}, "answer": "血壁细胞抗体", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列叙述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多巴胺激动α、β1和多巴胺受体", "B": "去甲肾上腺素激动α和β2受体", "C": "麻黄碱激动α、β1和β2受体", "D": "肾上腺素激动α和β受体"}, "answer": "去甲肾上腺素激动α和β2受体", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于可兴奋细胞动作电位的描述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动作电位是细胞受刺激时出现的快速而不可逆的电位变化", "B": "动作电位的大小随刺激强度和传导距离而改变", "C": "动作电位的大小不随刺激强度和传导距离而改变", "D": "不同的细胞,动作电位幅值都相同"}, "answer": "动作电位的大小不随刺激强度和传导距离而改变", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "脊髓灰质炎的瘫痪特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对称性迟缓性瘫痪,有感觉障碍", "B": "对称性迟缓性瘫痪,无感觉障碍", "C": "不对称性迟缓性瘫痪,有感觉障碍", "D": "不对称性迟缓性瘫痪,无感觉障碍"}, "answer": "不对称性迟缓性瘫痪,无感觉障碍", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "长期肠外营养常见的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆囊结石", "B": "胃癌", "C": "肝硬化", "D": "Crohn病"}, "answer": "胆囊结石", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "降压作用平稳、持久的钙离子通道阻断剂是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硝苯地平", "B": "尼卡地平", "C": "尼群地平", "D": "拉西地平"}, "answer": "拉西地平", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于胰腺分泌HCO3-的叙述,下列哪一项是错误的(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆囊收缩素可引起其大量分泌", "B": "可防止盐酸对十二指肠粘膜的侵蚀", "C": "有赖于导管细胞内碳酸酐酶的作用", "D": "胃酸进入十二指肠间接刺激其分泌"}, "answer": "胆囊收缩素可引起其大量分泌", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于甲状腺滤泡状腺癌正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生长慢,属于低度恶性", "B": "来源于滤泡旁降钙素分泌细胞", "C": "有侵入血管的倾向", "D": "预后优于甲状腺乳头状腺癌"}, "answer": "有侵入血管的倾向", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.认为周围环境中的无关事物和自己有关是(  )。", "options": {"A": "强制性思维", "B": "痴呆", "C": "关系妄想", "D": "木僵"}, "answer": "关系妄想", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "与血栓形成无关的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血流缓慢", "B": "涡流形成", "C": "血小板数量增多或粘性增加", "D": "纤维蛋白溶酶增加"}, "answer": "纤维蛋白溶酶增加", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.小儿生殖系统发育的规律是(  )。", "options": {"A": "先快后慢", "B": "先慢后快", "C": "先达高峰后下降", "D": "先近端后远端"}, "answer": "先慢后快", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪一种不是抗原?(  )", "options": {"A": "抗毒素", "B": "类毒素", "C": "细菌", "D": "青霉素"}, "answer": "青霉素", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,25岁,初产妇,右乳外上象限红肿、压痛、有波动,该处抽出脓汁,下列处理不当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不要分离脓肿隔膜以防扩散", "B": "手术治疗", "C": "切口应达到引流通畅", "D": "必要时作对口引流"}, "answer": "不要分离脓肿隔膜以防扩散", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "人乳喂养的小儿不容易发生缺钙,因为母乳中的钙:磷比例合适,大约为(  )。", "options": {"A": "4:1", "B": "3:1", "C": "2:l", "D": "1:2"}, "answer": "2:l", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,1岁。于7月就诊,腹泻、呕吐3天,大便每日10余次,量中等,蛋花汤样,有黏液,霉臭味。查体:精神稍萎靡,皮肤弹性差,哭泪少。粪常规检查发现少量白细胞。最可能的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "致病性大肠埃希菌", "B": "真菌", "C": "铜绿假单胞菌", "D": "轮状病毒"}, "answer": "致病性大肠埃希菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "区别完全性葡萄胎及部分性葡萄胎的意义在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "部分性葡萄胎可发展为绒毛膜癌", "B": "完全性葡萄胎约2%~3%发展为绒毛膜癌", "C": "完全性葡萄胎不发展为绒毛膜癌", "D": "完全性葡萄胎全部发展为绒毛膜癌"}, "answer": "完全性葡萄胎约2%~3%发展为绒毛膜癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,26岁,因外伤造成左肱骨干骨折,来院时检查,上臂较对侧短4cm,有轻度成角畸形,听诊骨传导音明显弱,骨折的移位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "侧方移位", "B": "混合移位", "C": "短缩移位", "D": "成角多位"}, "answer": "混合移位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,35岁,建筑工人。近日献血检查发现抗HIV(+),患者无症状。3年前曾赴非洲工作了1年。此患者为HIV感染时哪一期(  )。", "options": {"A": "0期", "B": "Ⅱ期", "C": "Ⅲ期", "D": "Ⅳ期"}, "answer": "Ⅱ期", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男性,出生时Apgar评分4分,生后2天,嗜睡,肌张力减退,瞳孔缩小,时而出现惊厥,头颅CT扫描可见右叶有低密度影。3.该患儿的支持疗法应采取哪些措施,除了?(  )", "options": {"A": "纠正酸中毒", "B": "纠正低血糖", "C": "静点地塞米松", "D": "补液"}, "answer": "静点地塞米松", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "6-磷酸果糖激酶-1的最强变构激活剂是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1,6-二磷酸果糖", "B": "2,6-二磷酸果糖", "C": "GTP", "D": "柠檬酸"}, "answer": "2,6-二磷酸果糖", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "诊断类重症肌无力的重复电刺激必须具备(  )。", "options": {"A": "低频刺激电位衰减25%,高频刺激电位幅度增加200%。", "B": "低频刺激电位衰减20%,高频刺激电位幅度增加150%", "C": "低频刺激电位衰减15%,高频刺激电位幅度增加100%", "D": "低频刺激电位衰减5%,高频刺激电位幅度增加25%"}, "answer": "低频刺激电位衰减25%,高频刺激电位幅度增加200%。", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "膜性肾炎早期常见的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾病综合征", "B": "管型尿", "C": "血尿", "D": "氮质血症"}, "answer": "肾病综合征", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于十二指肠溃疡,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "比胃溃疡小", "B": "比胃溃疡易穿孔", "C": "易癌变", "D": "易引起腹膜炎"}, "answer": "易癌变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "《红楼梦》中的林黛玉,其动作稳定缓慢,观察事物细致入微,敏感多疑,孤独多虑,情感体验深刻且持久。1.林黛玉的气质类型为(  )。", "options": {"A": "黏液质", "B": "胆汁质", "C": "抑郁质", "D": "兴奋质"}, "answer": "抑郁质", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩,1岁。发热3天,呕吐1次,抽搐1次,既往6个月曾热性惊厥1次。按时预防接种,出生史无特殊。查体:T 38.2史,R 30次/分,BP 90/50mmHg,颈抵抗(+),双肺听诊未见异常。心率130次/分,律齐,腹软,肝脾肋下未触及,四肢暖,肌力、肌张力正常。Babinski征(+)。1.初步诊断首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "中毒型细菌性痢疾", "B": "中枢神经系统感染", "C": "脑发育不全", "D": "热性惊厥"}, "answer": "中枢神经系统感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,45岁,甲状腺肿大20余年,近1年来出现性情急躁、消瘦、心悸、多汗,体检见双侧甲状腺呈结节性肿大,两侧不对称,无眼球突出,基础代谢率测定增高至+40%。1.诊断考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性甲状腺功能亢进", "B": "继发性甲状腺功能亢进", "C": "甲状腺多发性腺瘤", "D": "甲状腺囊肿"}, "answer": "继发性甲状腺功能亢进", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列选项不影响术后伤口愈合的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "术中过多使用电灼止血", "B": "伤口的张力过大", "C": "留置引流", "D": "伤口边缘内翻"}, "answer": "留置引流", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "正常儿,体重8.5kg、身长70cm,已会爬,试独站,会从抽屉中取玩具,能懂几个较复杂的词句,如“再见”等,不能模仿成人的动作,但看见熟人会伸手要人抱,其月龄最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "7个月", "B": "8个月", "C": "9个月", "D": "10~11个月"}, "answer": "9个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.酮体合成酶系存在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "胞液和内质网", "B": "胞液和线粒体", "C": "内质网和线粒体", "D": "线粒体"}, "answer": "线粒体", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,1岁。以面色苍白、纳差、乏力一个月入院。查体:心率138次/分,心尖区闻及Ⅲ级收缩期杂音,血象:Hb 50g/L,RBC 2.54×1012/L,血涂片红细胞以小细胞为主,中心浅染区扩大。应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "生理性贫血", "B": "轻度营养性缺铁性贫血", "C": "中度营养性缺铁性贫血", "D": "重度营养性缺铁性贫血"}, "answer": "重度营养性缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "与MHCⅡ类分子结合的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD2", "B": "CD3", "C": "CD4", "D": "CD6"}, "answer": "CD4", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,65岁。右膝关节内侧严重疼痛,下蹲和下楼困难,步行距离500米。查体:右髋关节明显内翻畸形,屈伸受限,关节活动度(ROM):100°~200°。负重位双膝关节X线片显示右膝内侧间隙明显狭窄,关节周边骨赘增生,关节软骨磨损,关节面硬化,上下级骨赘形成。最合适的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人工膝关节置换术", "B": "关节镜清理术", "C": "关节腔药物注射", "D": "关节融合术"}, "answer": "人工膝关节置换术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列对确诊腹部手术后腹腔内出血意义最大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹胀逐渐加重", "B": "病人烦躁不安", "C": "中心静脉压<50mmH2O(0.4kPa)", "D": "诊断性腹腔穿刺"}, "answer": "诊断性腹腔穿刺", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有关糖皮质激素在结核性胸膜炎治疗中的描述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可改善结核中毒症状", "B": "可作为常规治疗", "C": "可导致结核播散", "D": "需逐渐减量"}, "answer": "可作为常规治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急、慢性白血病鉴别主要依靠(  )。", "options": {"A": "发病急缓,病程长短", "B": "肝脾淋巴结肿大", "C": "骨髓增生程度、粒红比值", "D": "骨髓原始细胞的多少"}, "answer": "骨髓原始细胞的多少", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,45岁,车工,因近2月来经常加班劳动而引起腰背痛及活动障碍,约5日前又扭伤腰部,疼痛加剧,且向右下肢后侧放散,每于弯腰、咳嗽及用力排便时加重,脊髓造影显示L4~L5椎间盘水平偏右有一圆形压迹,考虑最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰部肌筋膜炎", "B": "强直性脊柱炎", "C": "慢性腰部损伤", "D": "腰椎间盘突出症"}, "answer": "腰椎间盘突出症", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.FAD中所含的维生素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素B", "B": "维生素B", "C": "维生素B", "D": "维生素PP"}, "answer": "维生素B", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.引起交叉瘫病变部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大脑皮质", "B": "内囊", "C": "脑干", "D": "胸髓"}, "answer": "脑干", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "儿童肱骨髁上骨折,有尺侧侧方移位,未能矫正时,最常见的后遗症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肘关节后脱位", "B": "尺神经损伤", "C": "肘内翻畸形", "D": "肘关节前脱位"}, "answer": "肘内翻畸形", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者男性,22岁,60kg,消防战士,因液化气爆燃致全身广泛烧伤,总面积达92%,其中Ⅲ度烧伤达88%,无明显吸入性损伤2.其中胶体补液量估汁为(  )。", "options": {"A": "2000ml", "B": "2500ml", "C": "3500ml", "D": "4000ml以上"}, "answer": "4000ml以上", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "骨髓细胞内出现Auer小体常出现于(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性淋巴细胞白血病", "B": "急性粒细胞白血病", "C": "慢性粒细胞白血病", "D": "溶血性贫血"}, "answer": "急性粒细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.T细胞的表面分子(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD3", "B": "CD19", "C": "KIR", "D": "IL-2"}, "answer": "CD3", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.一个家庭关系紧张的人,尽可能缩短在家逗留的时间,变成一个“工作迷”,这一现象是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应激的行为反应", "B": "应激的情绪反应", "C": "应激的生理反应", "D": "应激的防御反应"}, "answer": "应激的行为反应", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某学生希望毕业后成为外科医师,因此他在临床实习中主动向老师请教,积极为患者服务,并能结合临床案例查阅相关的文献。他的行为表现在意志品质中称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "自觉性", "B": "坚韧性", "C": "果断性", "D": "自制力"}, "answer": "自觉性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,30岁,深Ⅱ度烧伤面积10%,Ⅲ度烧伤面积30%,伤后注射止痛针后转院治疗,途中1小时,入院查体:血压70/40mmHg,脉率130次/分。2.病人体重60kg,第一个24小时应补给液体总量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "4000ml", "B": "4400ml", "C": "4800ml", "D": "5600ml"}, "answer": "5600ml", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "死者男性,60岁,生前有高血压病病史。尸体解剖发现:左心室扩张,室壁厚约1.5cm,但瓣膜未见异常。镜下心肌间质血管旁可见少数梭形瘢痕。双肺肺泡腔内有液体渗出,可见心衰细胞。该死者的病理诊断应考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "扩张性心肌病,左心衰竭", "B": "高血压性心脏病,左心衰竭", "C": "高血压性心脏病,左心衰竭,伴风湿性心肌炎", "D": "肉芽肿性心肌炎,左心衰竭"}, "answer": "高血压性心脏病,左心衰竭,伴风湿性心肌炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.促进甲状腺激素分泌的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "TSH", "B": "LH", "C": "GH", "D": "FSH"}, "answer": "TSH", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列对腺病毒生物学性状的描述中,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "双股DNA(dsDNA)无包膜病毒", "B": "dsRNA无包膜病毒", "C": "单股负链RNA(-ssRNA)无包膜病毒", "D": "-ssRNA有包膜病毒"}, "answer": "双股DNA(dsDNA)无包膜病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心动周期中,心室血液充盈主要是由于下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "心房收缩的挤压作用", "B": "血液的重力作用", "C": "心室舒张的抽收", "D": "胸廓的扩张"}, "answer": "心室舒张的抽收", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "原发性痛经的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "雌激素升高", "B": "雄激素升高", "C": "前列腺素升高", "D": "促性腺激素升高"}, "answer": "前列腺素升高", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于保密的说法中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "要求医务人员不有意探听病人的隐私", "B": "只有在病人提出保密的要求的情况下,医师应为患者的病史等保密", "C": "它是医学伦理学中最有生命力的医德范畴", "D": "它是医学伦理学中最古老的医德范畴"}, "answer": "只有在病人提出保密的要求的情况下,医师应为患者的病史等保密", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.急性前葡萄膜炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "B27", "B": "DR2", "C": "DR3", "D": "DR5"}, "answer": "B27", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "26岁初产妇,停经18周,无自觉胎动。产科检查:宫高,位于脐耻之间,胎方位及胎心不清。监测宫内胎儿情况的首选方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎心电图检查", "B": "B型阴道超声检查", "C": "测定羊水甲胎蛋白值", "D": "多普勒超声检查"}, "answer": "B型阴道超声检查", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "可以确诊子宫内膜异位症的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B型超声检查", "B": "血CA125升高", "C": "病理组织学检查", "D": "妇科检查"}, "answer": "病理组织学检查", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "体内不能合成,必须由食物供应的必需脂肪酸是(  )。", "options": {"A": "软油酸", "B": "亚油酸", "C": "廿碳三烯酸", "D": "γ-亚麻酸"}, "answer": "亚油酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿10个月,近一周来抽搐发作4次,父母为近亲婚配。查体:智力发育差,皮肤白,毛发黄,可闻及鼠尿味,脑电图可见痫样放电。3.饮食疗法,主食的选择为(  )。", "options": {"A": "低苯丙氨酸奶粉", "B": "豆制品", "C": "牛奶", "D": "面食"}, "answer": "低苯丙氨酸奶粉", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在对枪乌贼巨大轴突进行实验时,标本浸浴液中的哪项因素不会对静息电位的大小产生影响?(  )", "options": {"A": "Na+浓度", "B": "pH", "C": "温度", "D": "缺氧"}, "answer": "Na+浓度", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "维系蛋白质四级结构的主要化学键是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肽键", "B": "氢键", "C": "二硫键", "D": "疏水键"}, "answer": "疏水键", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.由一组结构基因加上其上游的启动子和操纵基因组成的结构称(  )。", "options": {"A": "增强子", "B": "操纵子", "C": "衰减子", "D": "转座子"}, "answer": "操纵子", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肾盂肾炎常见的感染途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血源性感染", "B": "上行性感染", "C": "下行性感染", "D": "多途径感染"}, "answer": "上行性感染", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.衣原体肺炎选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "红霉素", "B": "氯霉素", "C": "庆大霉素", "D": "头孢氨苄"}, "answer": "红霉素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.体现公正原则的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对有危险或伤害的诊治措施,通过评价,选择利益大于危险或利益大于伤害的行动", "B": "将有关的类似个案以同样的准则加以处理,而将不同的个案以不同的准则加以处理", "C": "人在患病后,有权选择意愿接受或拒绝医生制定的诊治方案", "D": "医生在诊断时考虑病人的各方面因素"}, "answer": "将有关的类似个案以同样的准则加以处理,而将不同的个案以不同的准则加以处理", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于正确处理医务人员之间的关系的意义,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有利于医学事业的发展", "B": "有利于为患者提供高质量的服务", "C": "有利于医院整体的发展", "D": "有利于医务人员团结起来维护自身的利益"}, "answer": "有利于医务人员团结起来维护自身的利益", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.缺铁性贫血的检查结果为(  )。", "options": {"A": "MCV>94fl,MCH>32pg,MCHC>38%", "B": "MCV<80fl,MCH 28~32pg,MCHC 32%~38%", "C": "MCV 80~94fl,MCH 28~32pg,MCHC 32%~38%", "D": "MCV<80fl,MCH<28pg,MCHC<32%"}, "answer": "MCV<80fl,MCH<28pg,MCHC<32%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项不是继发性腹膜炎的病因?(  )", "options": {"A": "化脓性输卵管炎", "B": "阑尾穿孔", "C": "肝硬化继发腹水感染", "D": "后腹膜血肿继发感染"}, "answer": "肝硬化继发腹水感染", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于病毒核酸,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "决定病毒的感染性", "B": "每种病毒只有一种类型核酸", "C": "决定病毒包膜所有成分的形成", "D": "可分节段或不分节段"}, "answer": "决定病毒包膜所有成分的形成", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "结核性脑膜炎,侧脑室引流的指征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "频繁的呕吐", "B": "频繁惊厥", "C": "持续高热", "D": "出现脑疝先兆"}, "answer": "出现脑疝先兆", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.结核性腹膜炎的主要感染途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "经口", "B": "经淋巴管道", "C": "腹腔病变直接蔓延", "D": "经血液循环"}, "answer": "腹腔病变直接蔓延", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某患者,因巨大结节性甲状腺肿并发甲亢行双侧甲状腺大部切除术,第3天清晨,突发手足疼痛,持续性痉挛,且呼吸困难,应立即(  )。", "options": {"A": "气管切开", "B": "口服AT10滴", "C": "口服葡萄糖酸钙片3g", "D": "静脉注射10%氯化钙15ml"}, "answer": "静脉注射10%氯化钙15ml", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,25岁,大面积烧伤后绿脓杆菌感染,同时伴肾功能严重损害,应选用药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氨苄西林", "B": "氯霉素", "C": "羧苄西林", "D": "林可霉素"}, "answer": "羧苄西林", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,22岁。头晕、呕吐伴流涎半小时。1小时前曾少量饮酒并进食较多凉拌蔬菜。查体:P 55次/分,BP 100/70mmHg,神智清晰,皮肤潮湿,双瞳孔针尖样大小,双下肺可闻及湿啰音。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "杀鼠药中毒", "B": "吗啡中毒", "C": "有机磷农药中毒", "D": "乙醇中毒"}, "answer": "有机磷农药中毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "26岁女性,双侧乳房胀痛1年,月经前明显,月经后症状好转,乳房内可触及不规则肿块,伴有触痛,诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺炎", "B": "乳腺纤维腺瘤", "C": "乳腺导管内乳头状瘤", "D": "乳腺囊性增生症"}, "answer": "乳腺囊性增生症", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "由宫颈上皮内瘤变Ⅲ级发展至浸润癌的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "3~5年", "B": "5~10年", "C": "10~15年", "D": "15~20年"}, "answer": "5~10年", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列检测病毒的方法中,不是检查病毒抗原的一项为(  )。", "options": {"A": "RIA", "B": "反向间接血凝(RPHA)", "C": "EIA", "D": "血凝抑制试验"}, "answer": "血凝抑制试验", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性免疫应答发生的主要场所是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝", "B": "胸腺", "C": "外周血", "D": "淋巴结"}, "answer": "淋巴结", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "行为主义的开创者是(  )。", "options": {"A": "班杜拉", "B": "华生", "C": "詹姆士", "D": "巴甫洛夫"}, "answer": "华生", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列物品中毒抢救时,禁忌洗胃的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "杀鼠剂", "B": "浓硫酸", "C": "有机磷农药", "D": "安眠药"}, "answer": "浓硫酸", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "未经饮食治疗的苯丙酮尿症患儿出现神经系统症状的年龄为(  )。", "options": {"A": "1~2周", "B": "1~2个月", "C": "3~6个月", "D": "4~8个月"}, "answer": "3~6个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不是DNA的组分的脱氧核苷酸是(  )。", "options": {"A": "dCMP", "B": "dTMP", "C": "dGMP", "D": "dUMP"}, "answer": "dUMP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "输卵管妊娠最常见的着床部位是在输卵管的(  )。", "options": {"A": "伞部", "B": "壶腹部", "C": "壶腹部与峡部的连接部", "D": "间质部"}, "answer": "壶腹部", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "化脓性细菌侵入血流引起的症状称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "败血症", "B": "毒血症", "C": "菌血症", "D": "脓毒血症"}, "answer": "脓毒血症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医疗保健机构应当提供的母婴保健指导的内容包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "对孕妇提供营养方面的指导", "B": "对碘缺乏病等地方病的发病原因、治疗和预防方法提供医学意见", "C": "对孕妇提供心理方面的指导", "D": "对指定传染病的发病、治疗和预防方法提供医学意见"}, "answer": "对碘缺乏病等地方病的发病原因、治疗和预防方法提供医学意见", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.不宜用于变异型心绞痛的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硝酸甘油", "B": "普萘洛尔", "C": "地尔硫", "D": "维拉帕米"}, "answer": "普萘洛尔", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于闭合性气胸采用排气疗法的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "每次抽气量不宜超过1.5L", "B": "积气量多者可每日抽气一次", "C": "胸腔闭式引流应为首选排气方式", "D": "积气量达到该侧胸腔容积的15%即可抽气"}, "answer": "积气量多者可每日抽气一次", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "将骨骼肌中生成的氨转运至肝的主要氨基酸是(  )。", "options": {"A": "亮氨酸", "B": "缬氨酸", "C": "甘氨酸", "D": "丙氨酸"}, "answer": "丙氨酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于奥美拉唑,哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "抑制胃壁细胞H+泵作用", "B": "是目前抑制胃酸分泌作用最强的", "C": "是H2受体阻断药", "D": "对消化性溃疡和反流性食管炎效果好"}, "answer": "是H2受体阻断药", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,55岁。患急性胰腺炎入院,出现多器官功能不全综合征,分析其发生机制,不属于重要损害因子的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞因子", "B": "炎性介质", "C": "生长因子", "D": "全身炎性反应"}, "answer": "生长因子", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,30岁,Graves病病人,抗甲状腺药物治疗已2年,是否停药,最有参考意义的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清反T3测定", "B": "甲状腺摄”131I试验", "C": "血清FT3、FT4测定", "D": "TRH兴奋试验"}, "answer": "TRH兴奋试验", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,30岁。反复排黏液血便3年,加重2个月。抗生素治疗无效。肠镜示直肠至结肠脾曲黏膜弥漫性充血、水肿,较多糜烂及表浅小溃疡。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溃疡性结肠炎", "B": "克罗恩病", "C": "阿米巴痢疾", "D": "肠结核"}, "answer": "溃疡性结肠炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "表现为排尿突然中断的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿道结石", "B": "肾结石", "C": "膀胱结石", "D": "前列腺增生"}, "answer": "膀胱结石", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "血站的业务范围和机构性质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "以营利为目的的公益性组织", "B": "采集、提供临床用血的机构,不以营利为目的的公益性组织", "C": "提供临床用血,从事血液买卖的机构", "D": "采集临床用血,可在市场上竞争和发展"}, "answer": "采集、提供临床用血的机构,不以营利为目的的公益性组织", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项不是多克隆免疫球蛋白增高的常见原因?(  )", "options": {"A": "肉芽肿病", "B": "慢性感染", "C": "多发性骨髓瘤", "D": "自身免疫性疾病"}, "answer": "多发性骨髓瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,35岁,右腹股沟肿块10年,站立时明显,平卧后消失,有时可降入阴囊,可还纳。查:右腹股沟肿块,手拳大小还纳腹腔,外环容3指,压迫内环后肿块不再出现。1.该患者最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "精索鞘膜积液", "B": "股疝", "C": "腹股沟直疝", "D": "腹股沟斜疝"}, "answer": "腹股沟斜疝", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "系膜增生性肾小球肾炎的病理变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "系膜增生,GBM增厚呈双轨状", "B": "系膜细胞增生,系膜基质增多", "C": "脏层上皮细胞增生为主", "D": "内皮细胞增生为主"}, "answer": "系膜细胞增生,系膜基质增多", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪型颈椎病一经诊断明确,就需选择手术治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "神经根型", "B": "脊髓型", "C": "椎动脉型", "D": "交感、椎动脉混合型"}, "answer": "脊髓型", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,55岁。高血压20年,不规则服药。某日晨突发头痛,意识不清,30分钟后送到医院。体检:昏迷,血压210/110mmHg,双眼向右侧凝视,左足外旋位。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "晕厥", "B": "脑出血", "C": "脑血栓形成", "D": "心肌梗死"}, "answer": "脑出血", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5岁小儿,发热1天,稍咳,家长给予服用复方新诺明,次日热不退,出现针尖大小红色皮疹,左脚甲沟处有红肿化脓,剧痛,即到医院就诊。2.最有助于诊断的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "咽拭培养", "B": "痰培养", "C": "白细胞检查", "D": "局部脓液培养"}, "answer": "局部脓液培养", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某心理治疗师在路上遇到一位治疗过的患者及其同事,上前过去打招呼,并询问患者最近的病情。该治疗医师违背的心理治疗原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "真诚原则", "B": "中立原则", "C": "耐心原则", "D": "保密原则"}, "answer": "保密原则", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "9个月婴儿,近1个月夜惊、睡眠差、多汗、烦躁,运动发育迟,刚会坐,不能爬。查体:前囟大,方颅,有哈氏沟及串珠。3.本病确切的诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "佝偻病活动期", "B": "佝偻病初期", "C": "佝偻病恢复期", "D": "佝偻病手足搐搦症"}, "answer": "佝偻病活动期", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对诊断原发性甲状腺功能低减最为敏感的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "FT3", "B": "TT4", "C": "FT4", "D": "TSH"}, "answer": "TSH", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性坏死性胰腺炎常发生(  )。", "options": {"A": "血淀粉酶降低", "B": "血清脂肪酶升高", "C": "血钙升高", "D": "血钾升高"}, "answer": "血清脂肪酶升高", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "甲状腺未分化癌的治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "外放射治疗", "B": "131Ⅰ", "C": "手术", "D": "化疗"}, "answer": "外放射治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪一种不是良性肿瘤?(  )", "options": {"A": "精原细胞瘤", "B": "横纹肌瘤", "C": "卵巢浆液性乳头状囊腺瘤", "D": "错构瘤"}, "answer": "精原细胞瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肱骨中下1/3骨折,最易发生的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肱动脉损伤", "B": "尺神经损伤", "C": "桡神经损伤", "D": "肱二头肌断裂伤"}, "answer": "桡神经损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "正常足月儿的皮肤外观特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肤色稍黄,皮下脂肪少", "B": "肤色红润,皮下脂肪少", "C": "肤色红润,皮下脂肪丰满", "D": "肤色稍黄,毳毛少"}, "answer": "肤色红润,皮下脂肪丰满", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "新生期摘除小鼠胸腺后可以出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "体液免疫缺陷", "B": "巨噬细胞缺陷", "C": "细胞免疫缺陷", "D": "NK细胞缺陷"}, "answer": "细胞免疫缺陷", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,30岁,4小时前跌伤后昏迷5分钟,清醒后步行回家。1小时前因剧烈头痛,呕吐3次送来急诊。查体:昏迷,脉搏64次/分,血压180/90mmHg,呼吸18次/分,左瞳孔3mm,右瞳孔2mm,右上、下肢肌力Ⅲ级。1.诊断应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑挫伤", "B": "急性硬膜外血肿", "C": "急性硬膜下血肿", "D": "急性脑内血肿"}, "answer": "急性硬膜外血肿", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以下不符合中毒型菌痢临床表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "反复惊厥", "B": "面色苍白,四肢厥冷,血压偏低,脉压缩小", "C": "意识由烦躁、谵妄而进入昏迷", "D": "脑膜刺激征阳性"}, "answer": "脑膜刺激征阳性", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,40岁,四肢无力1年,有时饮水呛咳,咀嚼费力,持续活动后明显加重,休息后减轻,一日因四肢完全不能活动入院,如要诊断是否为重症肌无力应首选的检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "新斯的明试验", "B": "胸腺CT", "C": "脑脊液检查", "D": "心电图检查"}, "answer": "新斯的明试验", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "活体内异常物体沿血流运行阻塞相应血管的过程称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "栓塞", "B": "梗死", "C": "栓子", "D": "血栓形成"}, "answer": "栓塞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.冠心病人心室率每分钟50次以下者手术前(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服地高辛0.25mg,每日1次", "B": "皮下注射阿托品0.5mg", "C": "不必特殊处理", "D": "少量多次输血"}, "answer": "皮下注射阿托品0.5mg", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.体现不伤害原则的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对有危险或伤害的诊治措施,通过评价,选择利益大于危险或利益大于伤害的行动", "B": "人在患病后,有权选择意愿接受或拒绝医生制定的诊治方案", "C": "杜绝对病人的有益伤害", "D": "医生在诊断时考虑病人的各方面因素"}, "answer": "杜绝对病人的有益伤害", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "超急排斥反应发生在何时?(  )", "options": {"A": "术后1个月内", "B": "术后3天内", "C": "术后24小时内", "D": "术后12周内"}, "answer": "术后24小时内", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,40岁。吞咽困难30天,不能进水2天。口渴、尿少、体重下降。查体:R 26次/分,BP 80/50mmHg,神志清楚,烦躁,血Na+ 152mmol/L、血K+ 3.2mmol/L、HCO3- 18mmol/L、PaCO2 38mmHg。首要处理措施应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "补充血容量", "B": "纠正酸碱失衡", "C": "有控制的补充血钾", "D": "应用升压药"}, "answer": "补充血容量", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,24岁。咽痛2周后出现肉眼血尿,尿RBC满视野,尿蛋白定量0.9g/d,肾功能及血压正常,ANA(-)。1.该患者肾活检病理诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膜性肾病", "B": "微小病变肾病", "C": "毛细血管增生性肾小球肾炎", "D": "膜增生性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "毛细血管增生性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿5岁,半年来全身逐渐浮肿,食欲减退,有时恶心、呕吐。化验:尿蛋白+++,尿少,血浆蛋白减少为159/L,血胆固醇升高为13mmol/L。此病例临床表现属(  )。", "options": {"A": "快速进行性肾炎综合征", "B": "急性肾炎综合征", "C": "肾病综合征", "D": "慢性肾炎综合征"}, "answer": "肾病综合征", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,35岁。会阴部骑跨伤,受伤后尿道外口满血,会阴部和阴囊处肿胀、瘀斑及蝶形血肿。1.该患者泌尿系统损伤的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿道阴茎部", "B": "尿道球部", "C": "膀胱", "D": "尿道膜部"}, "answer": "尿道球部", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女孩,5岁。患急性感染1周,临床表现恢复正常,门诊医生需根据外周血象的变化做分析,该患儿白细胞分类的正常比例为(  )。", "options": {"A": "中性粒细胞0.50,淋巴细胞0.45", "B": "中性粒细胞0.60,淋巴细胞0.35", "C": "中性粒细胞0.30,淋巴细胞0.65", "D": "中性粒细胞0.65,淋巴细胞0.30"}, "answer": "中性粒细胞0.50,淋巴细胞0.45", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "系统性红斑狼疮的最可能病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "遗传因素", "B": "环境因素如日光、感染等", "C": "性激素", "D": "以上均是"}, "answer": "以上均是", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "浸润型肺结核的基本病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病变以渗出为主,中央有干酪样坏死", "B": "病变以增生为主,中央有干酪样坏死", "C": "一个或多个厚壁空洞", "D": "肺泡有纤维素渗出,广泛的干酪样坏死"}, "answer": "病变以渗出为主,中央有干酪样坏死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1岁患者,未接种过麻疹疫苗,于半个月前曾接触过麻疹病儿,近4天发热、流涕、打喷嚏、畏光、咳嗽,昨日体温稍降,今日又发热,耳后发际部出现红色斑丘疹,疹间有健康皮肤,周围血白细胞4.5×109/L,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹", "B": "猩红热", "C": "风疹", "D": "荨麻疹"}, "answer": "麻疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对不能自行吸收的较大帽状腱膜下血肿应采取(  )。", "options": {"A": "切开清除血肿", "B": "插管引流", "C": "穿刺抽血并注入止血药物", "D": "穿刺抽血加压包扎"}, "answer": "穿刺抽血加压包扎", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,40岁。近日出现明显头痛,烦躁,心悸多汗,呕吐,面色苍白,视力模糊,测血压264/126mmHg,其诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压危象", "B": "恶性高血压", "C": "高血压病二级", "D": "高血压病三级"}, "answer": "高血压危象", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,35岁。脸圆、脸红、向心性肥胖1年余,患者有明显的乏力与口干。腹部皮肤可见紫纹,皮肤薄。血压160/80mmHg。闭经1年。2.如果该患者行胸部CT检查发现左肺有占位性病变,考虑的可能诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "异位ACTH综合征", "B": "肺部肿瘤", "C": "肺部感染", "D": "肺结核"}, "answer": "异位ACTH综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "10个月患儿,早产,出生体重2kg,牛奶喂养,未添加辅食,发现面色苍白5个月。体检:体重7kg,苍白,肝肋下3cm,脾肋下1.5cm,心肺(-)。血象:RBC3.5×1012/L,Hb75g/L,WBC6.0×109/L,N 0.30,L 0.68,M 0.02,Ret 0.004。3.若为进一步确诊,给患儿做以下辅助检查,结果为:血清铁蛋白(SF)低于10μg/L,血清铁(SI)低于50μg/L,总铁结合力(TIBC)大于62.7μmol/L,红细胞游离原卟啉(FEP)大于0.9μmol/L,骨髓铁粒幼细胞减少,<15%。下列治疗欠妥的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "添加含铁辅食", "B": "两餐之间服用铁剂", "C": "口服硫酸亚铁1~2mg/kg,2~3次/日", "D": "反复输血,以刺激骨髓造血"}, "answer": "反复输血,以刺激骨髓造血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "恶性肿瘤的主要特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "核分裂多见", "B": "核形态不规则、大小不一", "C": "胞浆嗜碱性", "D": "浸润性生长和转移"}, "answer": "浸润性生长和转移", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "中国人急性胰腺炎最常见的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒感染", "B": "酒精", "C": "胆道系统疾病", "D": "自身免疫"}, "answer": "胆道系统疾病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,重体力劳动工人,腰腿痛,并向左下肢放散,咳嗽、喷嚏时加重。检查腰部活动明显受限,并向左倾斜,直腿抬高试验阳性。病程中无低热、盗汗、消瘦症状。1.首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰肌劳损", "B": "腰椎间盘突出症", "C": "强直性脊柱炎", "D": "腰椎结核"}, "answer": "腰椎间盘突出症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,30岁。颈部包块6个月。查体:甲状腺右叶可触及直径2cm质硬结节。B超检查示:甲状腺右叶下极实性结节,2cm×1.5cm,边界不规则,内可见细小钙化。行穿刺活检,最可能的病理类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鳞癌", "B": "滤泡状癌", "C": "未分化癌", "D": "乳头状癌"}, "answer": "乳头状癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "蜂窝织炎是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "发生于皮下组织及阑尾的炎症", "B": "以淋巴细胞渗出为主的炎症", "C": "由链球菌感染引起的弥漫性化脓性炎症", "D": "没有明显坏死的渗出性炎症"}, "answer": "由链球菌感染引起的弥漫性化脓性炎症", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,55岁,乏力、消瘦伴上腹胀满半年。查体:肝肋下2cm,脾平脐。Hb90g/L,WBC55×109/L,PLT86×109/L,血分类:原粒2%,早幼粒3%,中幼粒10%,晚幼粒12%。此患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性血小板增多症", "B": "类白血病反应", "C": "慢性粒细胞白血病", "D": "慢性淋巴细胞白血病"}, "answer": "慢性粒细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,5周岁,2周前曾患上呼吸道感染,目前不规则发热,易疲倦,脸色略苍白。查体:心率增快,心尖部第一心音减弱,并可闻及早搏。心电检查:P—R间期延长,ST段下移。实验室检查:C反应蛋白增高。2.下述哪一项检查可以帮助确诊?(  )", "options": {"A": "抗透明质酸酶", "B": "心脏X线检查", "C": "谷草转氨酶", "D": "肌酸磷酸激酶"}, "answer": "抗透明质酸酶", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪一项属于胆碱受体?(  )", "options": {"A": "M、α", "B": "M、β", "C": "M、α1和β2", "D": "M、N1和N2"}, "answer": "M、N1和N2", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.上述哪项是外形为子弹状、有包膜的RNA病毒(  )。", "options": {"A": "森林脑炎病毒", "B": "巨细胞病毒", "C": "狂犬病病毒", "D": "柯萨奇病毒"}, "answer": "狂犬病病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "实施人工授精可能产生的伦理问题,不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "对单身妇女是否可以实施", "B": "谁是孩子的父亲", "C": "是否允许代孕", "D": "精子可否商品化"}, "answer": "是否允许代孕", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "血清中查到AFP,可能患的肿瘤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺癌", "B": "淋巴细胞白血病", "C": "宫颈癌", "D": "原发性肝癌"}, "answer": "原发性肝癌", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,25岁。发热咳嗽、胸痛4天入院,抗感染治疗1周后未见明显效果,仍咳嗽,胸痛加重,深呼吸时明显。查体:体温37.5℃,右下肺呼吸音减弱,语颤减弱。胸片提示:右下肺大片状阴影,上缘呈弧形。为明确诊断,首选检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管镜", "B": "痰找抗酸杆菌", "C": "PET", "D": "胸腔穿刺"}, "answer": "胸腔穿刺", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "生育过严重缺陷患儿的妇女再次妊娠前,夫妻双方应到以下哪一部门接受医学检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "县级以上医疗保健机构", "B": "当地卫生所", "C": "县级以上卫生防疫机构", "D": "以上单位均不是"}, "answer": "县级以上医疗保健机构", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在小儿白细胞分类中,粒细胞与淋巴细胞的交叉发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "4~6天,4~6岁", "B": "7天,1岁", "C": "4~6天,4~6周", "D": "1岁,6岁"}, "answer": "4~6天,4~6岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,31岁。反复发作性干咳伴胸闷3年,多于春季发作,无发热、咯血及夜间阵发性呼吸困难,多次胸片检查无异常,常用抗生素治疗效果不明显。无高血压病史。全身体检无阳性体征。为明确诊断首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部CT", "B": "心脏超声波", "C": "支气管激发试验", "D": "纤维支气管镜"}, "answer": "支气管激发试验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,7日,近日经常夜惊、多汗,且抽搐2次,抽后意识清,进奶好。医生诊断为佝偻病手足搐搦症,本病不具备下列哪一项表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "全身性抽搐", "B": "助产式手,芭蕾舞足", "C": "面神经征阳性", "D": "婴儿期呈婴儿痉挛性发作"}, "answer": "婴儿期呈婴儿痉挛性发作", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,女,3岁。自幼活动后气促,平素易患上呼吸道感染及支气管肺炎。体检:体格瘦小,无发绀,双肺呼吸音粗,P2增强,胸骨左缘第2肋间闻及粗糙响亮的连续性机器样杂音,可闻及股动脉枪击音。2.对于此种类型先心病目前最先进的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "介入治疗", "B": "外科手术治疗", "C": "前列腺素E治疗", "D": "吲哚美辛(消炎痛)药物治疗"}, "answer": "介入治疗", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,62岁,患风湿性关节炎,口服泼尼松和多种非甾体抗感染药5个月,近日突发自发性胫骨骨折,与其原因有关的可能是哪一种药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "保泰松", "B": "阿司匹林", "C": "泼尼松", "D": "吲哚美辛"}, "answer": "泼尼松", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪种病毒最易引起胎儿畸形?(  )", "options": {"A": "流感病毒", "B": "风疹病毒", "C": "埃可病毒", "D": "麻疹病毒"}, "answer": "风疹病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男孩,18个月,咳嗽5天,发热、气喘1天。查体:38℃,咽赤(+),呼吸急促,唇轻度发绀。诊断为急性支气管肺炎。对于诊断有利的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺间不固定的水泡音及哮鸣音", "B": "鼻翼扇动及三凹征阳性,肺部固定中小水泡音", "C": "呼气性呼吸困难", "D": "三凹征阳性"}, "answer": "鼻翼扇动及三凹征阳性,肺部固定中小水泡音", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿结核型脑膜炎常引起颅脑神经损害,但不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "第7对", "B": "第5对", "C": "第4对", "D": "第3对"}, "answer": "第5对", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "噻嗪类利尿药的作用部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "髓袢升支粗段皮质部", "B": "髓袢降支粗段髓质部", "C": "髓袢降支粗段皮质部", "D": "髓袢升支粗段全段"}, "answer": "髓袢升支粗段皮质部", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "以下哪种药物对肠内外阿米巴病均有效?(  )", "options": {"A": "喹碘方", "B": "甲硝唑", "C": "氯喹", "D": "二氯尼特"}, "answer": "甲硝唑", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "真菌的繁殖器官是(  )。", "options": {"A": "菌丝体", "B": "芽胞", "C": "芽管", "D": "孢子"}, "answer": "孢子", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "判断烧伤严重程度的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "年龄", "B": "性别", "C": "有无使用抗生素", "D": "烧伤面积和程度"}, "answer": "烧伤面积和程度", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "成人出现大便隐血阳性时,消化道出血量至少大于(  )。", "options": {"A": "10ml", "B": "9ml", "C": "6ml", "D": "5ml"}, "answer": "5ml", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于霍乱的叙述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "属于烈性传染病", "B": "人类是霍乱弧菌的唯一易感者", "C": "痊愈后,少数病人可长期带菌", "D": "病后的免疫力短暂"}, "answer": "病后的免疫力短暂", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,30岁,深Ⅱ度烧伤面积10%,Ⅲ度烧伤面积30%,伤后注射止痛针后转院治疗,途中1小时,入院查体:血压70/40mmHg,脉率130次/分。3.病人的烧伤部位包括头面、颈、会阴、臀部等,并有下肢深度烧伤,清创后局部创面应采用(  )。", "options": {"A": "紫草膏油纱布包扎", "B": "庆大霉素湿纱布包扎", "C": "甲磺灭脓涂创面后包扎", "D": "磺胺嘧啶银涂霜涂创面"}, "answer": "磺胺嘧啶银涂霜涂创面", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "亚急性感染性心内膜炎的主要致病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "草绿色链球菌", "B": "溶血性链球菌", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "D": "淋球菌"}, "answer": "草绿色链球菌", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,31岁。婚后3年不孕。患者平素月经规律,妇科检查未发现异常,内分泌检查正常,造影示双侧输卵管堵塞。适宜的辅助生育技术是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人工授精", "B": "植入前遗传学诊断技术", "C": "配子输卵管内移植", "D": "体外受精与胚胎移植"}, "answer": "体外受精与胚胎移植", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.青霉素30万U/(kg·d)(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎链球菌脑膜炎", "B": "双球菌脑膜炎", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌脑膜炎", "D": "流感嗜血杆菌性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "双球菌脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "影响气道阻力最重要的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "气流速度", "B": "气流形式", "C": "呼吸道长度", "D": "呼吸道口径"}, "answer": "呼吸道口径", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项属于反对克隆人的理由?(  )", "options": {"A": "违背生物进化规律,丧失遗传的多样性和变异性", "B": "是生殖技术的突破,对研究人的生命的发生、发育意义重大", "C": "有利于保持人类最佳基因", "D": "促进器官移植技术发展"}, "answer": "违背生物进化规律,丧失遗传的多样性和变异性", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,48岁,近1个月感口渴、饮水量增至每天2000ml。身高156cm、体重71kg。空腹血糖180mg/dl(10.0mmol/L)、餐后血糖252mg/dl(14.0mmol/L)。系初次发现血糖高,无糖尿病病史。3.4年后该患者被发现有浸润型肺结核,降血糖治疗宜采用(  )。", "options": {"A": "原降血糖药增加剂量", "B": "改用降血糖作用更强的口服降血糖药", "C": "增加一种口服降血糖药", "D": "胰岛素治疗"}, "answer": "胰岛素治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.可反映左右心室复极过程的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "P波", "B": "QRS波群", "C": "T波", "D": "P-R间期"}, "answer": "T波", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有关高渗性非酮症性糖尿病昏迷的论述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多见于1型糖尿病", "B": "常有明显酸中毒", "C": "治疗必须用低渗盐水", "D": "多见于老年轻型糖尿病"}, "answer": "多见于老年轻型糖尿病", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,35岁,3年前开始怀疑丈夫对其不忠,时常争吵,近1年来,跟踪丈夫,搜查丈夫的文件包,常听到脑子里有一女子声音说“你可怜”、“你真蠢”之类的话,因此不愿与家人同餐,不敢喝家中水,认为饭里、水里被放了毒药,认为丈夫与外人联合起来害她,病人常常哭泣。体检及神经系统检查无异常,此病人患有精神分裂症的哪种分型?(  )", "options": {"A": "紧张型", "B": "偏执型", "C": "青春型", "D": "未分化型"}, "answer": "偏执型", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.参与合成cDNA的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "RNA聚合酶", "B": "转肽酶", "C": "逆转录酶", "D": "DNA聚合酶"}, "answer": "逆转录酶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,42岁,因呕吐咖啡色液体及黑便来诊。既往无胃病及肝病史。查体:面色稍苍白,血压100/60mmHg,心率92次/分,腹软,肝脾未触及,肠鸣音活跃。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "食管静脉曲张破裂出血", "B": "十二指肠溃疡并发出血", "C": "Zollinger-Ellison综合征并发出血", "D": "小肠肿瘤"}, "answer": "十二指肠溃疡并发出血", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.嗜人类上皮细胞的病毒是(  )。", "options": {"A": "狂犬病病毒", "B": "人乳头瘤病毒", "C": "人类免疫缺陷病毒", "D": "疱疹病毒"}, "answer": "人乳头瘤病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "骨折的专有体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "功能障碍", "B": "反常活动", "C": "肿胀", "D": "瘀斑"}, "answer": "反常活动", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "CD4+Th细胞活化的第一信号是(  )。", "options": {"A": "TCR识别肽Ag-MHC II类分子复合物", "B": "表达IL-12,IL-2,IL-4的受体", "C": "IL-12作用", "D": "IL-1的作用"}, "answer": "TCR识别肽Ag-MHC II类分子复合物", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.Perthes试验的目的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "深静脉是否通畅", "B": "检测交通静脉功能", "C": "检测血供是否充足", "D": "检测大隐静脉与深静脉交通瓣膜功能"}, "answer": "深静脉是否通畅", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,36岁,结婚8年未孕,月经规律,周期22天,经期5~6天。无痛经,基础体温为双向型,高温相为8天,月经来潮后6小时子宫内膜活检,病理检查结果最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "分泌期子宫内膜腺体分泌不良", "B": "增殖期子宫内膜", "C": "萎缩型子宫内膜", "D": "子宫内膜单纯性增生"}, "answer": "分泌期子宫内膜腺体分泌不良", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "诊断急性心肌梗死特异性最高的心肌酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "AST", "B": "CK-MB与cTnT", "C": "CK-MB与LDH", "D": "ALT"}, "answer": "CK-MB与cTnT", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,患疟疾,突然出现昏迷,给予二盐酸奎宁静脉滴注抢救,抢救过程中,病人又出现寒战、高热、血红蛋白尿,继续抢救应改为下述哪种药?(  )", "options": {"A": "乙胺嘧啶", "B": "氯喹", "C": "甲氟喹", "D": "青蒿素"}, "answer": "青蒿素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "正常人脑脊液中糖的最低含量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "4.0mmol/L", "B": "3.5mmol/L", "C": "3.0mmol/L", "D": "2.5mmol/L"}, "answer": "2.5mmol/L", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于他巴唑(甲巯咪唑)治疗甲亢的作用机制,下列哪一点是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "抑制碘的活化", "B": "抑制甲状腺过氧酶活性", "C": "抑制酪氨酸碘化", "D": "抑制甲状腺素的释放"}, "answer": "抑制甲状腺素的释放", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不符合矽肺病变的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "矽结节中央部常发生坏死和钙化", "B": "晚期形成纤维性矽结节", "C": "早期形成细胞性矽结节", "D": "肺门淋巴结矽结节形成最早"}, "answer": "矽结节中央部常发生坏死和钙化", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "新生儿出生后1分钟的Apgar评分及其意义,下列哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "7分以上只需进行一般处理", "B": "4分以下缺氧严重,应紧急抢救", "C": "应于出生5分钟时再次评分", "D": "评分根据呼吸、心率及皮肤颜色"}, "answer": "评分根据呼吸、心率及皮肤颜色", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于心理测验法与评定量表法的说法不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心理测验一定需要标准化的测量工具", "B": "评定量表的信度、效度较差", "C": "评估量表更接近实验方法", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "评估量表更接近实验方法", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在下述氨基酸中酸性氨基酸是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脯氨酸", "B": "半胱氨酸", "C": "精氨酸", "D": "谷氨酸"}, "answer": "谷氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,35岁,患肠易激综合征5年。近1个月来排便困难,粪便干结。伴失眠。焦虑,下列不宜选用的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "聚乙二醇", "B": "洛哌丁胺", "C": "阿米替林", "D": "乳果糖"}, "answer": "洛哌丁胺", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "癌和肉瘤的最根本区别是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生长方式", "B": "转移途径", "C": "组织来源", "D": "发病部位"}, "answer": "组织来源", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1岁患儿,逐渐苍白2个月,单纯母乳喂养,肝肋下2.5cm,脾肋下0.5cm,Hb 60g/L,RBC 3×1012/L,RBC中心浅染区扩大,网织红细胞、血小板、白细胞均正常。首先应考虑诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "营养性缺铁性贫血", "B": "营养性混合性贫血", "C": "再生障碍性贫血", "D": "雅克什贫血"}, "answer": "营养性缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "申请个体行医的执业医师,须经注册后在医疗、预防、保健机构中执业满几年方可按照国家规定办理审批手续(  )。", "options": {"A": "满2年", "B": "满4年", "C": "满5年", "D": "满6年"}, "answer": "满5年", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,女,3岁,因外院诊断为先天性心脏病而来检查。胸骨左缘可闻及响亮而粗糙的全收缩期杂音,肺动脉第二音稍增强。经超声心动图检查诊断为室间隔缺损。该畸形引起的改变首先是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左心室增大", "B": "左心房扩大", "C": "右心室增大", "D": "主动脉扩张"}, "answer": "左心室增大", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,25岁。腰背部疼痛8年,晨起明显,活动后减轻,近1个月腰痛加重,活动受限。查体:腰椎前屈、后伸受限,Schober试验(+),双侧“4”字试验(+)。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "类风湿关节炎", "B": "风湿性关节炎", "C": "反应性关节炎", "D": "强直性脊柱炎"}, "answer": "强直性脊柱炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "以下疾病不属于心身疾病的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "冠心病", "B": "癌症", "C": "神经症", "D": "糖尿病"}, "answer": "神经症", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "烧伤后第一个8小时应输入的液体量为估计伤后第一个24小时补液总量的(  )。", "options": {"A": "2/3", "B": "1/2", "C": "1/4", "D": "1/5"}, "answer": "1/2", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "参与Ⅰ型超敏反应的最重要的Ig是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgM", "B": "sIgA", "C": "IgE", "D": "IgD"}, "answer": "IgE", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,48岁。反复咳嗽、胸闷、气喘30年。平素口服氨茶碱及“止咳祛痰”中药治疗,症状控制不理想。近1周来症状再次出现。查体:P 86次/分,R 24次/分,双肺可闻及散在哮鸣音。诊断为“支气管哮喘”。动脉血气分析示:pH 7.46,PaCO2 32mmHg,PaO2 64mmHg,HCO3-19.3mmol/L。3.为密切监测其病情变化,应首先推荐的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "定期复查肺功能", "B": "定期监测血氧饱和度", "C": "每天评价活动耐力", "D": "监测呼气峰流速"}, "answer": "定期监测血氧饱和度", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,17岁。反复发作咳嗽、咳痰10年。近3年反复咯血,最多一次量约200ml,现胸部CT示左下叶肺萎缩,可见囊柱状支气管扩张影像,最佳治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗炎治疗", "B": "解痉、化痰", "C": "左肺下叶切除", "D": "体位排除"}, "answer": "左肺下叶切除", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.第一反抗期出现于(  )。", "options": {"A": "青少年期", "B": "儿童期", "C": "中年期", "D": "幼儿期"}, "answer": "幼儿期", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "酸中毒时易诱发本病", "B": "发热时易诱发本病", "C": "饥饿时易诱发本病", "D": "酸中毒纠正时易诱发本病"}, "answer": "酸中毒时易诱发本病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,35岁,右膝关节内侧疼痛、肿胀半年,曾在外院摄X线片,见右胫骨上端内侧有一5cm×4cm大小透光区,中间有肥皂泡沫阴影,骨端膨大。近1个月来肿胀明显加重,夜间疼痛难忍,右膝关节活动受限。入院后X线摄片示胫骨上端病变扩大,肥皂泡沫阴影消失,呈云雾状阴影,病变侵入软组织。2.下述治疗措施哪一项最合适?(  )", "options": {"A": "病灶刮除+骨水泥填充", "B": "病灶刮除+植骨", "C": "截肢", "D": "放射治疗或化疗"}, "answer": "截肢", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.大面积烧伤创伤面感染的致病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溶血性链球菌", "B": "绿脓杆菌", "C": "梭状芽孢杆菌", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "绿脓杆菌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于垂体侏儒症正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有的侏儒症患者生长激素水平并不低,而是对生长激素不敏感", "B": "血清生长介素C又称胰岛素样生长因子,其水平多数无改变", "C": "大部分侏儒症是由下丘脑一垂体肿瘤引起的", "D": "测定GH的基础值是首要的诊断指标"}, "answer": "有的侏儒症患者生长激素水平并不低,而是对生长激素不敏感", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,60岁,肠梗阻3天入院。查体:血压70/40mmHg,血钠125mmol/L.血钾3.2mmol/L,血气分析pH 7.311.治疗时首先(  )。", "options": {"A": "给予升压药", "B": "扩容", "C": "纠正酸中毒", "D": "急诊手术解除梗阻"}, "answer": "扩容", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2岁小儿,高热6天,头孢曲松等抗生素治疗无效,眼球结膜炎、颈淋巴结肿大、草莓舌,一过性皮疹及关节炎,应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋巴结核", "B": "风湿热", "C": "类风湿关节炎", "D": "川崎病"}, "answer": "川崎病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者女性,23岁,摔伤后致单纯性右肩关节脱位,1小时后来医院就诊,X线片末见合并骨折征象。3.复位成功后,可屈肘90°用三角巾悬吊上肢(  )。", "options": {"A": "2周", "B": "3周", "C": "4周", "D": "5周"}, "answer": "3周", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,男,2岁,出生时正常,母乳喂养,5个月后智能渐落后,头发变黄,肤色变白,有时发生抽搐,肌张力较高。1.对其诊断首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "21-三体综合征", "B": "癫痫", "C": "苯丙酮尿症", "D": "维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症"}, "answer": "苯丙酮尿症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "结核性腹膜炎患者,在抗结核治疗中出现失眠、神经错乱,可能由哪一种药引起?(  )", "options": {"A": "PAS", "B": "乙胺丁醇", "C": "吡嗪酰胺", "D": "异烟肼"}, "answer": "异烟肼", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "风湿性心脏病最常受累的瓣膜是(  )。", "options": {"A": "二尖瓣", "B": "肺动脉瓣", "C": "主动脉瓣", "D": "三尖瓣"}, "answer": "二尖瓣", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,48岁。反复咳嗽、胸闷、气喘30年。平素口服氨茶碱及“止咳祛痰”中药治疗,症状控制不理想。近1周来症状再次出现。查体:P 86次/分,R 24次/分,双肺可闻及散在哮鸣音。诊断为“支气管哮喘”。动脉血气分析示:pH 7.46,PaCO2 32mmHg,PaO2 64mmHg,HCO3-19.3mmol/L。2.对该患者首选的药物治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸入短效β2受体激动剂", "B": "联合吸入糖皮质激素及长效β2受体激动剂", "C": "口服糖皮质激素", "D": "吸入长效β2受体激动剂"}, "answer": "吸入短效β2受体激动剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "帕金森病的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑桥蓝斑去甲肾上腺素能系统受损", "B": "低位脑干5-羟色胺能系统受损", "C": "中脑黑质多巴胺能系统受损", "D": "纹状体GABA能系统受损"}, "answer": "中脑黑质多巴胺能系统受损", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,16岁,今日突发呼吸困难.发作前有鼻痒、喷嚏、流涕、干咳。体检:血压正常,端坐呼吸,额部出汗,双肺有哮鸣音,心率110次/min,律齐,无杂音。哪种诊断正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "上呼吸道感染", "B": "支气管哮喘", "C": "病毒性心肌炎", "D": "急性支气管炎"}, "answer": "支气管哮喘", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,中学生17岁,右膝部被马蹄踢伤后2个月仍不缓解,近日消瘦和发烧,查体局部热,皮下静脉清晰可见,X线有日光放射状骨膜反应,你认为以下哪种疾病可能性最大(  )。", "options": {"A": "局部血肿机化合并感染", "B": "恶性骨肿瘤", "C": "转移癌", "D": "骨结核"}, "answer": "恶性骨肿瘤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,2岁。1个月来食欲减退,消瘦伴乏力,低热盗汗干咳2个月,易怒。体检:颈部可见数个肿大淋巴结,肝肋下1.5cm,结核菌素试验(++)。2.首选的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部X线", "B": "痰培养", "C": "红细胞沉降率检查", "D": "脑脊液检查"}, "answer": "胸部X线", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,男,4岁,摔倒后肩部疼痛。检查发现患肩下沉,患肢活动障碍,头向患侧偏斜,杜加(Dugas)征阴性。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "臂丛神经损伤", "B": "锁骨骨折", "C": "肱骨外科颈骨折", "D": "肩关节脱位"}, "answer": "锁骨骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "缺铁性贫血的临床表现不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "贫血的表现", "B": "发生缺铁的基础疾病表现", "C": "杵状指(趾)", "D": "吞咽困难"}, "answer": "杵状指(趾)", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在基因工程中,将目的基因与载体DNA连接的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "DNA聚合酶Ⅲ", "B": "限制性核酸内切酶", "C": "DNA连接酶", "D": "反转录酶"}, "answer": "DNA连接酶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,68岁。活动后心悸、气短4年,突发喘憋1小时来诊,高血压病史10年余,平时血压波动于130~150/70~90mmHg。查体:BP 230/100mmHg,端坐位,双肺底可闻及少许湿性啰音,心率114次/分。该患者最适宜的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服硝苯地平", "B": "口服哌唑嗪", "C": "肌内注射利血平", "D": "静脉滴注硝普钠"}, "answer": "静脉滴注硝普钠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列市场经济的特点中.不会对医学实践产生正效应的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "盲目性", "B": "自主性", "C": "灵活性", "D": "可控性"}, "answer": "盲目性", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,48岁。发热6天,头痛、乏力4天,尿少1天,于1月2日来诊。查体:T 39℃,BP 80/50mmHg,面部潮红,结膜充血,眼睑水肿,腋下有出血点。实验室检查:血WBC 19×109/L,尿蛋白(+++)。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "B": "肾综合征出血热", "C": "急性肾小球肾炎", "D": "钩端螺旋体病"}, "answer": "肾综合征出血热", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4岁小儿,体重16kg、身高98cm、上臂围13cm、出牙20个,考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "营养不良", "B": "肥胖", "C": "身材高大", "D": "正常范围"}, "answer": "正常范围", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.医疗机构取消医师抗菌药物处方权的情形是(  )。", "options": {"A": "开具抗菌药物处方牟取不正当利益", "B": "出现开具抗菌药物超常处方3次以上且无正当理由", "C": "因紧急情况越级使用抗菌药物", "D": "使用的抗菌药物明显超出规定用量"}, "answer": "开具抗菌药物处方牟取不正当利益", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "氨苄西林抗菌谱的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对G+菌和螺旋体有抗菌作用", "B": "广谱,特别对G-杆菌有效", "C": "特别对耐药金葡球菌有效", "D": "对病毒有效"}, "answer": "广谱,特别对G-杆菌有效", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项为象征性思维?(  )", "options": {"A": "联想过多的结果", "B": "看到一切现象都针对自己", "C": "把抽象的概念具体化", "D": "非思维活动、一切以形象来表达"}, "answer": "把抽象的概念具体化", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肝性脑病的诱因不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化道出血", "B": "高钾性酸中毒", "C": "便秘", "D": "低血糖"}, "answer": "高钾性酸中毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性白血病的诊断主要依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全血细胞减少", "B": "肝脾淋巴结肿大", "C": "血涂片中可见原始细胞", "D": "骨髓涂片中原始+幼稚细胞≥30%"}, "answer": "骨髓涂片中原始+幼稚细胞≥30%", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "病情恢复后不发生病原携带状态的传染病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙型肝炎", "B": "甲型肝炎", "C": "细菌性痢疾", "D": "伤寒"}, "answer": "甲型肝炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "临床上药物的安全范围是指下述距离(  )。", "options": {"A": "ED5~TD5", "B": "ED5~TDl", "C": "ED95~TD5", "D": "ED95~TD50"}, "answer": "ED95~TD5", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.流行性乙型脑炎的传染途径(  )。", "options": {"A": "消化道传染", "B": "血液传染", "C": "虫媒传染", "D": "呼吸道传染"}, "answer": "虫媒传染", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,24岁。月经稀发2年,闭经半年,溢乳3个月。对诊断最有价值的测定项目是(  )。", "options": {"A": "hCG", "B": "雄激素", "C": "孕激素", "D": "PRL"}, "answer": "PRL", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "颅内压增高的重要客观体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "视力减退", "B": "视野向心性缩小", "C": "视神经乳头水肿", "D": "视神经萎缩"}, "answer": "视神经乳头水肿", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,65岁。咳嗽,痰中带血伴喘息3个月,头面部及双上肢肿胀2周。胸部X线片示右肺门影增大。右肺可见不规则分叶状团块影,右上纵隔明显增宽。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纵隔肿瘤", "B": "肺结核", "C": "中央型肺癌", "D": "肺炎"}, "answer": "中央型肺癌", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "环境污染物按其性质可以分为哪三种?(  )", "options": {"A": "生活性、实验性和医源性污染", "B": "生产性、生活性和交通性污染", "C": "化学性、物理性和生物性污染", "D": "农业性、生物性和化学性污染"}, "answer": "化学性、物理性和生物性污染", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,43岁。反复咳嗽、咳脓痰10年,加重5天入院。吸烟史15年,已戒10年。查体:右下肺可闻及较多湿啰音及少量哮鸣音,可见杵状指。胸部X线片示右下肺纹理增粗、紊乱。该患者应首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病", "B": "支气管肺癌", "C": "支气管哮喘", "D": "支气管扩张"}, "answer": "支气管扩张", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.静脉注射时可出现舌头麻木及口内特殊气味(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯霉素", "B": "四环素", "C": "多西环素", "D": "乙胺丁醇"}, "answer": "多西环素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.有助于防止动脉粥样硬化的脂蛋白(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳糜微粒", "B": "极低密度脂蛋白", "C": "中间密度脂蛋白", "D": "高密度脂蛋白"}, "answer": "高密度脂蛋白", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "我国学者提出的心理健康标准,不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "智力正常", "B": "工作有效率", "C": "适应环境", "D": "人际和谐"}, "answer": "工作有效率", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,28岁。枕部着地,昏迷5分钟后清醒,并自己回到家中,其后出现头痛并逐渐加重伴呕吐,1小时候不省人事,急送医院。查体:BP 160/90mmHg,脉率65次/分,呼吸15次/分。浅昏迷,右枕部头皮挫伤,左侧瞳孔4mm,对光反应消失;右侧瞳孔2.5mm,对光反应存在。3.引起病人浅昏迷、左侧瞳孔散大最可能原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小脑幕切迹疝", "B": "枕骨大孔疝", "C": "动眼神经麻痹", "D": "颈髓损伤"}, "answer": "小脑幕切迹疝", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不符合电烧伤特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤的损伤轻微,而全身性损伤较重", "B": "主要损害心脏,引起血流动力学改变", "C": "有“入口”和“出口”均为三度烧伤", "D": "深部损伤范围不超过皮肤“入口”处"}, "answer": "深部损伤范围不超过皮肤“入口”处", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性支气管炎发展成阻塞性肺气肿的过程中首先发生的病理改变的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺泡膨胀", "B": "细支气管不完全阻塞", "C": "肺泡壁弹性减退", "D": "肺小动脉痉挛"}, "answer": "细支气管不完全阻塞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于L-dopa的下述情况哪种是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "口服后0.5~2小时血浆浓度达峰值", "B": "高蛋白饮食可减低其生物利用度", "C": "作用快。初次用药数小时即明显见效", "D": "外周脱羧形成的多巴胺是造成不良反应的主要原因"}, "answer": "作用快。初次用药数小时即明显见效", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "引起输血发热反应,最常见的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌污染", "B": "致热原", "C": "红细胞破坏", "D": "过敏物质"}, "answer": "致热原", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.激动哪种受体引起支气管平滑肌松弛?(  )", "options": {"A": "M受体", "B": "β2受体", "C": "β1受体", "D": "N2受体"}, "answer": "β2受体", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "《执业医师法》明确规定,医师在执业过程中应当履行的职责是(  )。", "options": {"A": "防病治病,救死扶伤", "B": "遵守职业道德,保护患者隐私", "C": "树立敬业精神,尽职尽责为患者服务", "D": "防病治病,救死扶伤,保护人民健康"}, "answer": "防病治病,救死扶伤,保护人民健康", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.新生儿败血症,我国最常见的病原菌(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄球菌", "B": "大肠杆菌", "C": "B群链球菌", "D": "李斯特菌"}, "answer": "葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.男,36岁。车祸致胸腹复合伤4天,呕血1天,共3次,每次约50~100ml。呕血前无不适症状。既往无腹痛史。呕血的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "食管胃底静脉曲张破裂", "B": "急性胃黏膜病变出血", "C": "胃癌出血", "D": "十二指肠溃疡出血"}, "answer": "急性胃黏膜病变出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,45岁,突然呕血400mL并伴黑便。血压13.3/9.33kPa(100/70mmHg),心肺(-),可见腹壁静脉曲张,肝未触及,脾于肋下2cm,可触及。应首选的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉推注奥美拉唑(洛赛克)", "B": "静脉滴注垂体后叶素", "C": "静脉滴注代血浆", "D": "冰盐水洗胃"}, "answer": "静脉滴注垂体后叶素", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列有关孕激素的生理作用的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使子宫内膜发生增生期变化", "B": "使子宫内膜发生分泌期变化", "C": "降低血浆低密度脂蛋白含量", "D": "促使并维持女性第二性征的出现"}, "answer": "使子宫内膜发生分泌期变化", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,18岁,1年来逐渐面色苍白、无力。检查:血红蛋白50g/L,白细胞5.0×109/L,血清铁400μg/L。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "巨幼红细胞性贫血", "B": "缺铁性贫血", "C": "再生障碍性贫血", "D": "溶血性贫血"}, "answer": "缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.分布在全身组织中(  )。", "options": {"A": "巨噬细胞", "B": "树突状细胞", "C": "朗格汉斯细胞", "D": "尘埃细胞"}, "answer": "巨噬细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "5.天然ABO血型抗体(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgG", "B": "IgM", "C": "IgD", "D": "IgA"}, "answer": "IgM", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,68岁,双下肢及颜面水肿1周,尿蛋白8.8g/24h,肾活检病理诊断为膜性肾病,对其主要治疗应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "强的松足量足疗程治疗", "B": "强的松联合环磷酰胺治疗", "C": "静脉输注白蛋白", "D": "口服血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂"}, "answer": "强的松联合环磷酰胺治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,19岁。视物成双3月余。查体:双眼睑略下垂,瞳孔等大,对光反射存在,右眼不能向上和外展运动,左眼不能内收和下视运动,双鼻唇沟对称,双颊鼓气良好,余脑神经无异常。四肢肌张力正常,肌力5级,腱反射对称,病理征未引出,共济运动正常。眼轮匝肌低频重复电刺激示电位衰减25%。最可能的诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "面神经炎", "B": "重症肌无力", "C": "周期性瘫痪", "D": "吉兰-巴雷综合征"}, "answer": "重症肌无力", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,5岁。眼距宽,眼裂小,鼻梁低平,舌常伸出口外,流涎多,有通贯掌,合并先天性心脏病,最有确诊意义的检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "听力测定", "B": "肝功能测定", "C": "染色体核型分析", "D": "腹部B型超声检查"}, "answer": "染色体核型分析", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "5.粘连性肠梗阻,行部分小肠切除吻合术,术后伤口感染化脓,肠瘘形成(  )。", "options": {"A": "切口分类及愈合纪录为Ⅰ/甲", "B": "切口分类及愈合纪录为Ⅱ/甲", "C": "切口分类及愈合纪录为Ⅱ/乙", "D": "切口分类及愈合纪录为Ⅱ/丙"}, "answer": "切口分类及愈合纪录为Ⅱ/丙", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.嗜酸粒细胞的作用属(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ag的抑制性调节", "B": "抗体的抑制性调节", "C": "免疫细胞的抑制性调节", "D": "MHC对免疫应答的调节"}, "answer": "免疫细胞的抑制性调节", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是最易发生抗原变异的病毒?(  )", "options": {"A": "流行性感冒病毒", "B": "腮腺炎病毒", "C": "冠状病毒", "D": "乙型肝炎病毒"}, "answer": "流行性感冒病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,16岁。反复左腰部胀痛不适2年,B超发现左肾积水6cm×4cm,上尿路未见结石。为明确病因,最有价值的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部X线平片", "B": "腹部CT", "C": "左侧逆行肾盂造影", "D": "放射性核素肾图"}, "answer": "左侧逆行肾盂造影", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4个月男孩,低热伴咳嗽2天,喘憋加重1天,精神、食欲尚可。体检:体温37.8℃,呼吸60次/min,心率150次/min,两肺满布哮鸣音,两背下部可闻及细湿啰音,肝肋下3.5cm。3.该病最易发生的并发症为(  )。", "options": {"A": "心力衰竭", "B": "自发性气胸", "C": "脓胸", "D": "以上均不是"}, "answer": "心力衰竭", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "属于致幻剂的精神活性物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯巴比妥", "B": "地西泮", "C": "麦角酸二乙酰胺", "D": "艾司唑仑"}, "answer": "麦角酸二乙酰胺", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在治疗希恩综合征的过程中,单独使用可诱发垂体危象的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "雌激素", "B": "孕激素", "C": "生长激素", "D": "左甲状腺素钠"}, "answer": "左甲状腺素钠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者经泼尼松治疗1年后,血小板20×109/L,但仍在维持服用泼尼松30mg/d。4.如果将治疗前患者血浆输给正常人,受者血小板将会(  )。", "options": {"A": "功能减低", "B": "数量减少", "C": "数量增多", "D": "以上都不对"}, "answer": "数量减少", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于休克的治疗原则,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "失血性休克的治疗首先以输注平衡盐溶液为主", "B": "感染性休克的治疗以处理原发感染灶、抗感染治疗为主", "C": "在充分容量复苏的前提下可给予血管活性药物", "D": "无论失血性休克或感染性休克,应首先纠正休克,再处理原发病"}, "answer": "感染性休克的治疗以处理原发感染灶、抗感染治疗为主", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,24岁,一向体健。某日晨起时觉右耳后痛,一天后脸歪向左侧,味觉减退,听觉过敏,右眼经常有刺激感。无视物成双、耳鸣、听力丧失等。体检:右侧不能蹙额、皱眉、闭目,示齿时口角向左侧歪斜,舌右侧前部的味觉减退。1.病变部位可能位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "面神经运动核", "B": "面神经", "C": "三叉神经", "D": "神经肌肉接头处"}, "answer": "面神经", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.结肠癌病灶穿透肠壁,无淋巴结转移的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Duke A1期", "B": "Duke A2期", "C": "Duke B期", "D": "Duke C期"}, "answer": "Duke B期", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "高血压病的特征性的病理改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中等动脉闭塞性血管炎", "B": "心脏的肥大", "C": "主动脉硬化", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "以上都不是", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于医德规范,下述提法中不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医德规范是医德行为的具体标准", "B": "《中国医学生誓言》是我国唯一的医德规范", "C": "医德规范是协调各种医疗关系的行为准则", "D": "医德规范是把医德理想变成医德实践的中间环节"}, "answer": "《中国医学生誓言》是我国唯一的医德规范", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,75岁。慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重反复出现,抗感染治疗时,为覆盖铜绿假单胞菌,下列抗菌药物首选的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "莫西沙星", "B": "阿米卡星", "C": "头孢他啶", "D": "阿莫西林"}, "answer": "头孢他啶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列过程中需要DNA连接酶催化的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "RNA转录", "B": "DNA复制", "C": "DNA的甲基化", "D": "DNA断裂和转移"}, "answer": "DNA复制", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,12岁,学生。1年来常出现写作业时铅笔跌落,伴呆坐不动10秒左右。脑电图显示阵发性对称、同步的3Hz棘-慢波发放。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癫痫小发作", "B": "局限性发作", "C": "癫痫大发作", "D": "儿童良性发作"}, "answer": "癫痫小发作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,27岁。2个月来无痛性颈部淋巴结肿大,发热、消瘦、盗汗。血嗜酸粒细胞增高,淋巴结活检找到里—斯细胞。下列体征除哪项外均可出现?(  )", "options": {"A": "浅表淋巴结肿大", "B": "周期性发热", "C": "带状疱疹", "D": "胸骨压痛"}, "answer": "胸骨压痛", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项不属于基因诊断和治疗引起的伦理问题?(  )", "options": {"A": "基因歧视", "B": "技术伤害", "C": "滥用优生学", "D": "人口数量和质量的下降"}, "answer": "人口数量和质量的下降", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,35岁。因服吲哚美辛数片后觉胃痛,今晨呕咖啡样胃内容物400ml来诊。既往无胃病史。首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清胃泌素测定", "B": "X线胃肠钡剂", "C": "急诊胃镜检查", "D": "胃液分析"}, "answer": "急诊胃镜检查", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "细胞间相互作用不受MHC限制的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD4+Th细胞与树突状细胞", "B": "CD8+CTL细胞与肿瘤细胞", "C": "NK细胞与肿瘤细胞", "D": "CD4+Th细胞与B细胞"}, "answer": "NK细胞与肿瘤细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.上述哪项多见于分离障碍?(  )", "options": {"A": "童样痴呆", "B": "情感高涨", "C": "情感低落", "D": "情感倒错"}, "answer": "童样痴呆", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "双胎妊娠最常见的并发症为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脐带脱垂", "B": "产程延长,产后出血.", "C": "产褥感染", "D": "胎头交锁"}, "answer": "产程延长,产后出血.", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "阿尔茨海默病的早期症状主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "性格改变", "B": "情绪急躁易怒", "C": "幻觉", "D": "妄想"}, "answer": "性格改变", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于孕激素的生理作用,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "促使并维持女性第二性征的出现", "B": "使子宫内膜发生分泌期变化", "C": "使子宫内膜发生增生期变化", "D": "促进子宫收缩"}, "answer": "使子宫内膜发生分泌期变化", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是细菌芽孢最显著的特性?(  )", "options": {"A": "抗吞噬性", "B": "侵袭性", "C": "黏附性", "D": "具有毒素活性"}, "answer": "抗吞噬性", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,男,7岁,咳嗽1周,喘3天,无发热,门诊就诊。3.患儿治疗,哪一项不必要?(  )", "options": {"A": "平喘", "B": "止咳祛痰", "C": "抗生素", "D": "输血"}, "answer": "输血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列各项中不属于低渗性脱水特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "失钠大于失水", "B": "主要为细胞外液减少", "C": "易出现休克", "D": "粘膜干燥、烦渴、肌张力高"}, "answer": "粘膜干燥、烦渴、肌张力高", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2岁儿童检查苯丙酮尿症应做(  )。", "options": {"A": "Guthrie细菌生长抑制试验", "B": "尿三氯化铁试验", "C": "血清苯丙氨酸浓度测定", "D": "苯丙氨酸耐量试验"}, "answer": "尿三氯化铁试验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "暴发型流脑休克型治疗哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "控制感染", "B": "纠正休克", "C": "冬眠疗法", "D": "禁用肾上腺皮质激素"}, "answer": "禁用肾上腺皮质激素", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,28岁。间断性下腹痛4年余,大便2~3次/日,稀便,无脓血,便后下腹痛可缓解。粪常规检查:未见细胞,隐血试验阴性,查体无异常发现。1.该患者可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "克罗恩病", "B": "肠结核", "C": "肠易激综合征", "D": "慢性细菌性痢疾"}, "answer": "肠易激综合征", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "引起小儿病毒性肠炎的主要病原为(  )。", "options": {"A": "人类轮状病毒", "B": "柯萨奇病毒", "C": "埃可病毒", "D": "腺病毒"}, "answer": "人类轮状病毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.作为医学伦理学基本范畴的良心指(  )。", "options": {"A": "医学关系中的主体在道义上应享有的权力和利益", "B": "医学关系中的主体在道义上应履行的职责和使命", "C": "医学关系中的主体在道义上对周围人、事及自身的内心体验和感受", "D": "医学关系中的主体对自己应尽义务的自我认知和评价"}, "answer": "医学关系中的主体对自己应尽义务的自我认知和评价", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "劳累时有心绞痛及晕厥发作的主动脉瓣狭窄患者首选治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "强心", "B": "利尿", "C": "主动脉瓣瓣膜置换术", "D": "主动脉瓣球囊成形术"}, "answer": "主动脉瓣瓣膜置换术", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "依赖cAMP的蛋白激酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "PKA", "B": "PKC", "C": "受体型TPK", "D": "非受体型TPK"}, "answer": "PKA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,78岁。1天前凌晨醒来发现失语,右上肢活动无力进行性加重,但意识清,脑脊液检查无异常。最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛛网膜下隙出血", "B": "脑栓塞", "C": "短暂性脑缺血发作", "D": "脑血栓形成"}, "answer": "脑血栓形成", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "骨关节结核病灶清除术患者抗结核药物正确使用方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "仅手术后使用半年", "B": "术前准备并于手术后使用1~2年", "C": "在术中植入病灶清除区即可", "D": "术前准备、术后应用到无症状"}, "answer": "术前准备并于手术后使用1~2年", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在卫生服务需求中,造成没有需要的需求的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对医院的规模和设施的盲目追求", "B": "人们对医疗产品的信赖", "C": "卫生工作者的服务态度", "D": "不良的就医和行医"}, "answer": "不良的就医和行医", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于缺乏维生素B12所致营养性巨幼红细胞贫血的病因,以下不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "先天储存量过低而摄入不足", "B": "长期偏食动物性食物", "C": "慢性肝炎", "D": "严重感染"}, "answer": "长期偏食动物性食物", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医疗机构的下列行为中不属于违反条例的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "未将执业许可证、收费标准等悬挂于明显处所", "B": "未按规定办理检验手续", "C": "擅自增加医师人数", "D": "擅自涂改执业许可证"}, "answer": "擅自增加医师人数", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "7个月婴儿,发热2天,体温39.0~40.0℃,稍咳,一般情况好,除流涕及咽部稍充血外,无其他异常,家长给予口服小儿速效感冒灵。2.确诊后,其病原体为下列哪一种?(  )", "options": {"A": "麻疹病毒", "B": "腺病毒", "C": "人类疱疹病毒6型", "D": "支原体"}, "answer": "人类疱疹病毒6型", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于双嘧达莫(潘生丁)的描述中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制磷酸二酯酶,使cAMP增高", "B": "抑制血小板聚集", "C": "抑制磷脂酶A2,使TXA2降低", "D": "用于防止心脏瓣膜置换术后血栓形成"}, "answer": "抑制磷脂酶A2,使TXA2降低", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪一种有机磷农药中毒,从尿中可检测出硝基酚?(  )", "options": {"A": "内服磷", "B": "对硫磷", "C": "敌百虫", "D": "马拉硫磷"}, "answer": "对硫磷", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.产生IL-2和IFN-γ,介导炎症反应(  )。", "options": {"A": "Thl细胞", "B": "Th2细胞", "C": "NK细胞", "D": "巨噬细胞"}, "answer": "Thl细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.空气栓塞(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈、胸部创伤时,静脉破裂,空气进入", "B": "肺毛细血管内有角化上皮、胎毛、胎粪等", "C": "长骨骨折,游离的脂滴进入破裂静脉", "D": "肿瘤侵入血管"}, "answer": "颈、胸部创伤时,静脉破裂,空气进入", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "哪项是帕金森病最常见的首发症状?(  )", "options": {"A": "面具脸", "B": "静止性震颤", "C": "齿轮样肌强直", "D": "慌张步态"}, "answer": "静止性震颤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,70岁。吞咽困难3个月,食管钡餐:中段有3cm的不规则食管充盈缺损,取活体组织病检为鳞癌。心电图有ST段下降,T波倒置,肺功能:严重障碍,其治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "药物治疗", "B": "根治性手术治疗", "C": "放射治疗", "D": "胃造瘘术"}, "answer": "放射治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,45岁。间断水肿3年,乏力3个月。查体:BP 155/100mmHg,双下肢轻度凹陷性水肿,尿RBC 20~30/HP,尿蛋白2.1g/d,血Hb 78g/L,血Cr 342μmol/L,BUN 16.1mmol/L,B超示双肾稍萎缩。2.为改善乏力症状,最有效的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "利尿治疗", "B": "降压治疗", "C": "注射促红细胞生成素及补充造血原料", "D": "血液净化治疗"}, "answer": "注射促红细胞生成素及补充造血原料", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某青年,股骨下端肿瘤,切面灰白色,鱼肉状,镜下见多边形肉瘤细胞,异型性明显,见肿瘤性骨组织,X线检查有日光放射状阴影,可诊为(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨瘤", "B": "骨肉瘤", "C": "软骨肉瘤", "D": "尤文氏瘤"}, "answer": "骨肉瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "崔某,男性,43岁,近20年来每年发作一次鬼神附体,以大仙口气说话,要求父亲烧香拜佛,持续数小时后痊愈,一个半月前开始疲乏无力,不认家人,好忘事,小便尿在裤内,右侧轻偏瘫,右手拿不住东西,好跟别人说话。既往史:23岁时有冶游史。神经系统检查:两侧瞳孔不等大,右瞳孔边缘不整齐,左侧椭圆形,右侧瞳孔光反射消失。2.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大脑梅毒所致精神障碍", "B": "癔症", "C": "精神分裂症", "D": "早老性痴呆"}, "answer": "大脑梅毒所致精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于影响生物转化的因素的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "药物或毒物本身的诱导作用", "B": "几种药物同服可能出现抑制作用", "C": "会受到年龄和性别的影响", "D": "不受年龄和性别的影响"}, "answer": "不受年龄和性别的影响", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,18岁,右大腿下端肿胀,疼痛伴消瘦、乏力2个月。查体:右膝上肿胀,皮肤静脉怒张。X线片见右股骨下端骨质破坏,可见Codman三角。1.首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨结核", "B": "骨肉瘤", "C": "骨软骨瘤", "D": "骨巨细胞瘤"}, "answer": "骨肉瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.维生素D缺乏性手足接搦症,最常见的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "手足搐搦", "B": "无热惊厥", "C": "喉痉挛", "D": "腓反射阳性"}, "answer": "无热惊厥", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于结合酶概念正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "辅酶决定酶的专一性", "B": "辅酶与酶蛋白结合才具有酶活性", "C": "酶与辅酶多以共价键结合", "D": "体内大多数脂溶性维生素转变为辅酶"}, "answer": "辅酶与酶蛋白结合才具有酶活性", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不能抑制铁吸收的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "咖啡", "B": "茶", "C": "维生素C", "D": "菠菜"}, "answer": "维生素C", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.女,35岁。月经规律,经量多。妇科检查:宫颈呈糜烂状态,宫颈口松,子宫前位,正常大小,首选的避孕方式为(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服避孕药", "B": "宫内节育器", "C": "安全期避孕", "D": "体外排精"}, "answer": "口服避孕药", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于重症肌无力的叙述下列哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "症状常晨轻暮重,重复活动后加重、休息后减轻", "B": "临床特征为部分或全身骨骼肌疲劳", "C": "抗胆碱酯酶药物治疗有效", "D": "腾喜龙(依酚氯铵)试验阴性"}, "answer": "腾喜龙(依酚氯铵)试验阴性", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "长期良性高血压患者全身血管的主要病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大动脉硬化", "B": "中等动脉硬化", "C": "细小动脉玻璃样变", "D": "细动脉脂质沉积"}, "answer": "中等动脉硬化", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "足月婴儿出生时全身皮肤青紫,Apgar评分为3分。查体:昏迷,反射消失,肌张力低下。心率慢,呼吸不规则,诊断为缺氧缺血性脑病,临床分度为(  )。", "options": {"A": "极轻度", "B": "轻度", "C": "中度", "D": "重度"}, "answer": "重度", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "地塞米松的临床应用不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "感染中毒性休克", "B": "过敏性紫癜", "C": "骨质疏松", "D": "系统性红斑狼疮"}, "answer": "骨质疏松", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.佝偻病初期(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清钙正常,血磷偏低,碱性磷酸酶增高", "B": "血清钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶均正常,有“O”形腿", "C": "血清钙、磷趋向正常,长骨钙化带重新出现", "D": "血清钙降低,血磷升高,有“O”形腿"}, "answer": "血清钙正常,血磷偏低,碱性磷酸酶增高", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "食管癌分型不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "蕈伞型", "B": "髓质型", "C": "溃疡型", "D": "梗阻型"}, "answer": "梗阻型", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,36岁,翻车肩部外伤,半小时后来院,查左锁骨中外l/3处明显畸形,局部肿胀明显、淤血,桡动脉搏动触不到,手部发凉,皮色苍白,血压80/40mmHg。1.该患者应首先做哪一项处置?(  )", "options": {"A": "立即做各项化验", "B": "立即摄X线片", "C": "立即补液、输血", "D": "整复骨折,固定"}, "answer": "立即补液、输血", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "符合流行性脑脊髓膜炎的描述的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性化脓性炎", "B": "夏季多见", "C": "葡萄球菌所致", "D": "经消化道感染"}, "answer": "急性化脓性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "蛋白质合成后经化学修饰的氨基酸是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丝氨酸", "B": "酪氨酸", "C": "半胱氨酸", "D": "羟脯氨酸"}, "answer": "羟脯氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.肃清链球菌感染(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿司匹林", "B": "泼尼松", "C": "青霉素", "D": "苯巴比妥"}, "answer": "青霉素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "甲状腺功能亢进内科治疗宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "大剂量碘剂", "B": "甲巯咪唑", "C": "甲苯磺丁脲", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "甲巯咪唑", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列不属于左向右分流型先天性心脏病共同特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "差异性发绀", "B": "易患肺炎", "C": "生长发育差", "D": "肺血增多"}, "answer": "差异性发绀", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.属于顺式元件的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "TATA盒", "B": "增强子结合蛋白", "C": "操纵子", "D": "酪氨酸蛋白激酶"}, "answer": "TATA盒", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "动脉导管解剖闭合80%发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "3个月内", "B": "5个月内", "C": "9个月内", "D": "1岁以内"}, "answer": "3个月内", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在突触传递过程中,影响神经末梢递质释放量的关键因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "末梢电位的水平", "B": "末梢内线粒体的数量", "C": "末梢内囊泡的数量", "D": "进入末梢内的Ca2+量"}, "answer": "进入末梢内的Ca2+量", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "间日疟的典型发作中,不存在(  )。", "options": {"A": "前驱期", "B": "高热期", "C": "大汗期", "D": "间歇期"}, "answer": "前驱期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,60岁,半年来经常便秘,3d前出现腹部持续疼痛,阵发性加剧,呕吐2次系胆汁性液体,约500ml,过去无类似发作史,查体腹胀,BP 18/13kPa,体温:37.5℃,右下腹稍压痛,腹软,未触及肿块,肠呜音亢进,白细胞9×109/L,其可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性胃炎", "B": "急性胰腺炎", "C": "肠梗阻", "D": "急性肠扭转"}, "answer": "肠梗阻", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,50岁女性,孕5产5,绝经3年,阴道不规则出血1个月。妇科检查:外阴阴道正常,宫颈肥天、糜烂、触之易出血,子宫后屈、稍小,双侧附件未见异常。2.进一步确诊时需做(  )。", "options": {"A": "B超检查", "B": "宫颈涂片细胞学检查", "C": "宫颈活组织检查", "D": "阴道镜检查"}, "answer": "宫颈活组织检查", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哪项符合宫颈早期浸润癌?(  )", "options": {"A": "癌浸润深度不超过基底膜下5mm", "B": "癌浸润深度超过基底膜5mm", "C": "癌浸润深度不超过基底膜下3cm", "D": "癌浸润深度在基底膜下0.5~1cm"}, "answer": "癌浸润深度不超过基底膜下5mm", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4个月男孩,反复发作吸气困难伴有喉鸣,口唇发绀数次,间歇期活泼如常,无缺氧,体温不高,心肺正常,今天突然发作不易缓解,急诊入院。2.查体注意有诊断价值的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "克氏征", "B": "布氏征", "C": "陶瑟氏征", "D": "巴氏征"}, "answer": "陶瑟氏征", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,15岁。双下肢及颜面水肿2周,查尿蛋白5.2g/d,尿RBC 0~2/HP,血清蛋白28g/L,Scr 90μmol/L,抗核抗体阴性。应首选的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低分子肝素抗凝", "B": "静脉点滴清蛋白", "C": "泼尼松联合环磷酰胺", "D": "泼尼松足量足疗程"}, "answer": "泼尼松足量足疗程", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.促进IgE产生的细胞因子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IL-1", "B": "IL-2", "C": "IL-3", "D": "IL-4"}, "answer": "IL-4", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "初产妇,29岁。妊娠41周,枕右前位,骨盆测量正常,宫口开全1小时,胎心88次/分,胎头S=+3。在吸氧同时,最恰当的处置措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "等待自然分娩", "B": "立即行剖宫产手术", "C": "产钳助产术", "D": "静脉滴注缩宫素"}, "answer": "产钳助产术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.BCG属(  )。", "options": {"A": "活疫菌", "B": "死疫菌", "C": "类毒素", "D": "抗毒素"}, "answer": "活疫菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,58岁。乏力、低热1个月。查体:双侧颈部、腋窝和腹股沟均可触及肿大淋巴结,最大者直径2cm、质韧、无触痛,胸骨无压痛,肝肋下未触及,脾肋下3cm。实验室检查:Hb 76g/L,WBC 5.2×109/L,PLT 123×109/L,网织红细胞0.14,Coombs试验(+),尿胆红素(-),尿胆原(+++)。2.为确诊首选的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部B超", "B": "骨髓活检", "C": "骨髓细胞学检查", "D": "淋巴结活检"}, "answer": "淋巴结活检", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于卵巢形态学特征,说法正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卵巢白膜是平滑肌组织", "B": "卵巢表面无腹膜", "C": "皮质内含血管、神经、淋巴管", "D": "髓质内含许多始基卵泡"}, "answer": "卵巢表面无腹膜", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,65岁。15小时前因咳嗽而突然右下腹剧烈疼痛,右侧阴囊亦肿胀疼痛,右侧腹股沟区呈梨形隆起,不能还纳。行急诊手术治疗,术中发现嵌顿的肠管已坏死,应采取的手术方法是坏死肠段切除和(  )。", "options": {"A": "无张力疝修补术", "B": "疝囊高位结扎术", "C": "Bassini修补术", "D": "疝成形术"}, "answer": "疝囊高位结扎术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,40岁。畏寒、高热伴腰痛。尿频、尿急、尿痛2天。查体:左侧肾区有压痛和叩击痛,尿WBC 40~50/HP,白细胞管型5/LP。血WBC 15.4×109/L,N 0.87。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性膀胱炎", "B": "急性肾盂肾炎", "C": "急性肾小球肾炎", "D": "尿路综合症"}, "answer": "急性肾盂肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性粒细胞自血病下述哪一项不正确(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓中原始细胞<10%,而以中、晚幼粒细胞为主", "B": "中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶慢性期增多,急性期下降", "C": "血清维生素β12浓度增高", "D": "周围血中中性粒细胞比例增多"}, "answer": "中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶慢性期增多,急性期下降", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "前列腺增生症伴尿潴留,首先考虑的处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "导尿一次,拔除导尿管", "B": "导尿并保留导尿管", "C": "用金属导尿管导尿", "D": "急诊行膀胱造口"}, "answer": "导尿并保留导尿管", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于高血压的流行病学调查,下列哪项因素未确定与发病有关?(  )", "options": {"A": "体重", "B": "钠盐", "C": "吸烟", "D": "饮酒"}, "answer": "吸烟", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.属于酮体的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙酰乙酸", "B": "丙二酸", "C": "α-酮戊二酸", "D": "草酰乙酸"}, "answer": "乙酰乙酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.与T细胞上相应配体结合后诱导B细胞再次免疫应答和生发中心形成的CD分子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD40", "B": "CD3", "C": "CD8", "D": "CD28"}, "answer": "CD40", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是氯沙坦降压作用的机制?(  )", "options": {"A": "拮抗ATⅡ受体活性", "B": "拮抗肾素活性", "C": "减少血液缓激肽水平", "D": "增加血液血管紧张素Ⅱ水平"}, "answer": "拮抗ATⅡ受体活性", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.治疗脊髓损伤引起肌强直的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙琥胺", "B": "地西泮", "C": "苯妥英钠", "D": "异丙嗪"}, "answer": "地西泮", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,9个月,母乳喂养,其母明显偏食,鱼肉类均不吃,患儿近2个月面色苍黄,呆滞,尚不能独坐。查体:嗜睡,伸手时手颤,心肺正常,肝肋下4cm,脾未触及,膝反射亢进,踝阵挛阴性。血象:Hb75g/L,RBC2.0×1012/L,WBC3.09×109/L,PLT96×109/L。此患儿可能诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "营养性混合性贫血", "B": "营养性巨幼细胞性贫血", "C": "营养性缺铁性贫血", "D": "再生障碍性贫血"}, "answer": "营养性巨幼细胞性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于诊断甲状腺癌最有意义的临床表现除甲状腺肿物外,还伴有(  )。", "options": {"A": "吞咽困难", "B": "声音嘶哑", "C": "明显疼痛", "D": "明显憋气"}, "answer": "明显憋气", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.如病人在AVP治疗期间出现乏力、烦躁、精神萎靡,应考虑可能有(  )。", "options": {"A": "限制钠盐", "B": "低钾血症", "C": "密切监测血压、体重", "D": "低钠血症"}, "answer": "低钠血症", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,60岁。寒战、高热伴肝区疼痛15天,腹部CT提示肝内2个脓肿,最大直径达6cm,体温每日高达39.8℃左右。其治疗方法应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "经皮肝穿刺置管引流术", "B": "右半肝切除术", "C": "脓腔内注入抗生素", "D": "继续支持治疗"}, "answer": "经皮肝穿刺置管引流术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列关于鸟氨酸循环的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鸟氨酸循环直接从鸟氨酸与氨结合生成瓜氨酸开始", "B": "鸟氨酸循环从氨基甲酰磷酸合成开始", "C": "每经历一次鸟氨酸循环消耗一分子氨", "D": "鸟氨酸循环主要在肝内进行"}, "answer": "鸟氨酸循环主要在肝内进行", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,35岁。车祸后双侧股骨干骨折。BP 90/60mmHg,中心静脉压8cmH2O,首选的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "强心药治疗", "B": "糖皮质激素治疗", "C": "应用肾上腺素", "D": "补液治疗"}, "answer": "补液治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,73岁。急性肠梗阻术后5天,未进食但仍感腹胀,恶心未呕吐,有少量肛门排气。查体:腹部均匀隆起,腹软,叩诊呈鼓音,无压痛和反跳痛,肠鸣音减弱。首先采取的重要处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "查血生化,并纠正水、电解质紊乱", "B": "进流食", "C": "服用增强胃肠动力药物", "D": "禁食水"}, "answer": "查血生化,并纠正水、电解质紊乱", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,6岁,水肿1周。查体:全身明显水肿,血压120/80mmHg。尿常规:蛋白(+++),红细胞10~15个/HP。血清蛋白22g/L,胆固醇7.8mmol/L。诊断为肾病综合征,给予泼尼松1.5~2mg/(kg·d)口服,2周后尿蛋白转阴性。接下来应(  )。", "options": {"A": "继续用原量至8周骤然停药", "B": "继续用原量2周再逐渐减量", "C": "停药", "D": "继续用原量4周再逐渐减量"}, "answer": "继续用原量2周再逐渐减量", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "吗啡主要用于(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性钝痛", "B": "急性锐痛", "C": "胃肠绞痛", "D": "肾绞痛"}, "answer": "急性锐痛", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "子宫动脉来自(  )。", "options": {"A": "髂总动脉", "B": "髂内动脉", "C": "髂外动脉", "D": "肾动脉"}, "answer": "髂内动脉", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "乳头鲜红色血性溢液多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺囊性增生病", "B": "乳管内癌", "C": "乳房纤维腺瘤", "D": "乳房肉瘤"}, "answer": "乳管内癌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.患者体验到思维活跃,脑内概念不断涌现,一个意念接着一个意念。该症状为(  )。", "options": {"A": "联想散漫", "B": "思维插入", "C": "思维奔逸", "D": "强制性思维"}, "answer": "强制性思维", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.在急性胰腺炎的发病机制中,与血管破坏导致出血关系密切的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糜蛋白酶", "B": "弹力蛋白酶", "C": "磷脂酶A2", "D": "脂肪酶"}, "answer": "弹力蛋白酶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项不是类固醇激素?(  )", "options": {"A": "醛固醇", "B": "皮质醇", "C": "雌激素", "D": "肾上腺素"}, "answer": "肾上腺素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "如拟应用抗菌药物来预防手术后感染时,一般原则应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "术前应用三天,术后继用三天", "B": "术前应用一天,术后继用一周", "C": "术前和术中各给一次,术后继用1~2天", "D": "术前不用,术后应用三天"}, "answer": "术前和术中各给一次,术后继用1~2天", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,36岁。3天前突发腰痛,伴右侧下肢放射痛,咳嗽后加重。查体:腰骶区压痛(+),放射至小腿。右侧直腿抬高试验阳性,小腿前外侧和足内侧感觉减退,趾背伸肌力减弱。最可能受累的神经根是(  )。", "options": {"A": "L5", "B": "L3", "C": "L2", "D": "L4"}, "answer": "L5", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "导致趾及足跖屈无力的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰4~腰5腰椎间盘突出", "B": "腰1~腰2腰椎间盘突出", "C": "腰2~腰3腰椎间盘突出", "D": "腰5~骶1腰椎间盘突出"}, "answer": "腰5~骶1腰椎间盘突出", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "导致慢性肾衰竭患者死亡的最常见原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高钾血症", "B": "严重贫血", "C": "心血管并发症", "D": "代谢性酸中毒"}, "answer": "代谢性酸中毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "动脉瘤最典型的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "压迫症状", "B": "搏动性肿物", "C": "肢体远端肿块", "D": "破裂出血"}, "answer": "搏动性肿物", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,21岁,一天来寒战高热,咳嗽伴右胸痛,咳砖红色胶块痰,量多。胸片右肺呈多发性蜂窝状阴影。正确选用抗生素为(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素+链霉素", "B": "青霉素+庆大霉素", "C": "庆大霉素+头孢曲松钠", "D": "青霉素+头孢曲松钠"}, "answer": "庆大霉素+头孢曲松钠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "为了解5年内城市人口高血压的患病情况,随机抽取城市人口的15%进行调查,为防止调查产生偏性,下列措施不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对于那些检查血压时不肯合作的人,应以较合适的人代替", "B": "应当使用统一的血压计", "C": "应反复多次对调查人群观察、测量", "D": "对5年期间调查人群中搬出该城市的那部分人,应尽量查明新地址,继续测量他们的血压变化情况"}, "answer": "对于那些检查血压时不肯合作的人,应以较合适的人代替", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "蛋白质-热能营养不良小儿最先出现的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "身高低于正常", "B": "皮下脂肪消失", "C": "体重不增", "D": "体重减轻"}, "answer": "体重不增", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "脑组织在正常情况下主要利用葡萄糖供能,在下列哪种情况下脑组织主要利用酮体供能?(  )", "options": {"A": "空腹", "B": "剧烈运动", "C": "短期饥饿", "D": "长期饥饿"}, "answer": "长期饥饿", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.患肢呈外展、外旋和屈曲畸形(  )。", "options": {"A": "肩关节脱位", "B": "髋关节前脱位", "C": "髋关节后上脱位", "D": "先天性髋关节脱位"}, "answer": "髋关节前脱位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男孩,5岁,幼儿园“全托”,2天前在夜间睡眠的前半夜突然起床,表情紧张恐惧,抱着枕头走到门后,并自语:“大灰狼来了”,数分钟后又重新上床继续睡觉。次日问其夜间发生的事不能回忆。诊断应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "夜惊", "B": "梦魇", "C": "失眠", "D": "心因性反应"}, "answer": "夜惊", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在严重颅内压增高的病例中,首选降低颅内压的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氢氯噻嗪(双氢克尿塞)", "B": "乙酰唑胺", "C": "氨苯蝶啶", "D": "甘露醇"}, "answer": "甘露醇", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "重症肌无力病人出现危象时的主要临床表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "眼球运动障碍", "B": "吞咽困难,不能连续下咽", "C": "构音障碍,语音不清", "D": "呼吸肌无力以致不能维持换气功能,伴有全身肌肉无力"}, "answer": "呼吸肌无力以致不能维持换气功能,伴有全身肌肉无力", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于瘫痪的描述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "下运动神经元损伤时较晚出现肌肉萎缩", "B": "下运动神经元损害可致肌肉张力增强", "C": "下运动神经元损害可引起单瘫或四肢瘫", "D": "中央后回病变可引起中枢性瘫痪"}, "answer": "下运动神经元损害可引起单瘫或四肢瘫", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,38岁,2周前在人群中突然感到呼吸困难,四肢发麻,伴喉部阻塞感,有濒死感,感心脏停跳遂大声呼救,EKG及心脏、肺部检查虽无异常,但不能消除余悸,该病人最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "恐惧症", "B": "疑病症", "C": "急性惊恐发作", "D": "神经衰弱"}, "answer": "急性惊恐发作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,32岁。慢性膀胱刺激症状逐渐加重3个月。KUB+IVU见右肾有钙化影,肾影增大,无功能。1.应考虑的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右肾结核", "B": "右肾肿瘤", "C": "肾盂肾炎", "D": "右肾积水"}, "answer": "右肾结核", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,42岁。油腻饮食后腹胀、腹痛4小时。持续性上腹痛,伴有恶心、呕吐、发热、腰背部不适。查体:T 38.4℃,P 124次/分,BP 90/60mmHg,急性痛苦貌,巩膜无黄染,腹饱满,全腹肌紧张,有压痛和反跳痛,上腹为主,肠鸣音消失。右下腹穿刺抽出淡红色血性液体。血WBC 16.2×109/L,N 0.9。血清淀粉酶6000U/L(Somogyi法)。2.引起这种疾病常见因素不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部外伤", "B": "暴饮暴食", "C": "胆道感染", "D": "胃食管反流"}, "answer": "胃食管反流", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下面哪种毒素是已知毒物中毒性最强者?(  )", "options": {"A": "肉毒毒素", "B": "破伤风梭菌毒素", "C": "白喉毒素", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素"}, "answer": "肉毒毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不属于隐蔽性自身抗原的组织成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑组织", "B": "精子", "C": "甲状腺球蛋白", "D": "关节滑膜"}, "answer": "关节滑膜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.C1INH缺陷病(  )。", "options": {"A": "B细胞缺陷", "B": "T细胞缺陷", "C": "吞噬细胞缺陷", "D": "补体系统缺陷"}, "answer": "补体系统缺陷", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性肉芽肿病是属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "B细胞缺陷病", "B": "T细胞缺陷病", "C": "联合免疫缺陷病", "D": "吞噬细胞缺陷病"}, "answer": "吞噬细胞缺陷病", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一侧节段性分离感觉障碍,即痛、温觉障碍而触觉及深感觉保留,病变位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "同侧脊髓后根", "B": "同侧脊髓后角", "C": "同侧脊髓丘脑束", "D": "对侧脊髓丘脑束"}, "answer": "同侧脊髓后角", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性肾炎与急进性肾小球肾炎临床相似之处为(  )。", "options": {"A": "中度贫血", "B": "肾功能急剧恶化", "C": "急性肾炎综合征", "D": "早期出现少尿或无尿"}, "answer": "急性肾炎综合征", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,29岁,半小时前从高处跌落,右下肢疼痛,活动受限。查体:神志清楚,右侧大腿、小腿压痛(+),畸形,异常活动。2.若患者生命体征平稳,现场急救首选的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "切开复位", "B": "临时固定", "C": "闭合复位", "D": "镇静止痛"}, "answer": "临时固定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "MDS-RCMD不可能出现的异常表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓造血祖细胞培养集落形成减少", "B": "外周血可见幼稚细胞", "C": "血小板减少", "D": "骨髓原始细胞>5%"}, "answer": "骨髓原始细胞>5%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男孩,6个月,已诊断为化脓性脑膜炎,近2日突然烦躁、哭闹,头围增大,疑有硬膜下积液。为进一步确诊,应选择哪一项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "眼底检查", "B": "硬膜下穿刺", "C": "腰穿", "D": "摄颅骨X线片"}, "answer": "硬膜下穿刺", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "戊型肝炎的主要传播途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "飞沫传播", "B": "唾液传播", "C": "粪口传播", "D": "垂直传播"}, "answer": "粪口传播", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "偏头痛的预防治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "咖啡因麦角胺", "B": "英明格", "C": "吲哚美辛", "D": "苯噻啶"}, "answer": "苯噻啶", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "治疗急慢性金黄色葡萄球菌骨髓炎的首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "克林霉素", "B": "乙酰螺旋霉素", "C": "四环素", "D": "霉素"}, "answer": "克林霉素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.上述哪项属于医师违背有利原则?(  )", "options": {"A": "医师对病人的呼叫或提问给予应答", "B": "医师的行为使某个病人受益,但却给别的病人带来了损害", "C": "妊娠危及母亲的生命时,医师给予引产", "D": "医师尊重病人是指满足病人的一切要求"}, "answer": "医师的行为使某个病人受益,但却给别的病人带来了损害", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,35岁。脸圆、脸红、向心性肥胖1年余,患者有明显的乏力与口干。腹部皮肤可见紫纹,皮肤薄。血压160/80mmHg。闭经1年。3.要明确左肺占位性病变与本病是否相关需要的检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "大剂量地塞米松抑制试验", "B": "血ACTH", "C": "生长抑素显像", "D": "胸部MRI"}, "answer": "生长抑素显像", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,74岁。5天前诊断为“急性前壁心肌梗死”,今日再感胸痛,随即意识丧失,心电监护和生命体征监测示无脉电活动。该患者意识丧失的最可能原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏破裂", "B": "心源性休克", "C": "乳头肌断裂", "D": "再发心肌梗死"}, "answer": "再发心肌梗死", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "决定红细胞变形能力的大小的是红细胞的(  )。", "options": {"A": "比重", "B": "体积", "C": "表面积", "D": "表面积与体积的比值"}, "answer": "表面积与体积的比值", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,30岁。反复上腹痛6年,为空腹及夜间发作。加重伴呕吐宿食2周。该患者可能存在的主要电解质紊乱是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低血钾", "B": "低血镁", "C": "高血钾", "D": "高血钠"}, "answer": "低血钾", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,68岁。半年来每天排便4~5次,便中带血及黏液。突发腹胀、停止排气排便2天。查体:T37.2℃。全腹轻微压痛,左侧腹部平脐可触及包块.腹部叩诊鼓音,肠鸣音6~7次/分,直肠指诊未触及肿物。实验室检查:Hb 90g/L,WBC 6.7×109/L。X线检查:全腹多个气液平。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "降结肠癌", "B": "升结肠癌", "C": "横结肠癌", "D": "结肠脾曲癌"}, "answer": "降结肠癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.痛觉和温度觉传导通路的第二级神经元是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丘脑腹外侧核", "B": "脊髓后角细胞", "C": "延髓薄束核与楔束核", "D": "后根神经节"}, "answer": "脊髓后角细胞", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "婚前医学检查包括对下述疾病的检查(  )。", "options": {"A": "遗传性疾病、指定传染病、有关精神病", "B": "严重遗传性疾病、传染病、精神病", "C": "严重遗传性疾病、传染病、有关精神病", "D": "严重遗传性疾病、指定传染病、有关精神病"}, "answer": "严重遗传性疾病、指定传染病、有关精神病", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "病毒中和抗体的主要作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直接杀伤病毒", "B": "阻止病毒吸附", "C": "阻止病毒复制", "D": "阻止病毒的生物合成"}, "answer": "阻止病毒吸附", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "神经元之间除了经典突触联系外还存在电突触,下列哪项是其结构基础?(  )", "options": {"A": "缝隙连接", "B": "混合性突触", "C": "曲张体", "D": "串联性突触"}, "answer": "缝隙连接", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "导致精神障碍的药物中毒中下列哪项不是非依赖性药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "阿托品", "B": "异烟肼", "C": "哌替啶", "D": "颠茄"}, "answer": "哌替啶", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,30岁,约一年时间孤僻、寡言,近期由于被上级批评后出现失眠,不上班并紧闭门窗,声称有人监视自己,在家中不敢谈话,说家中已被安装窃听器,公安局也要逮捕自己,不吃妻子做的饭食,认为妻子已同A他人合伙在饭菜中放了毒药。因此殴打妻子。3.除药物治疗外要注意的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "说服患者放弃怀疑", "B": "防止发生意外", "C": "更换工作单位", "D": "请上级、同事改变对患者的态度"}, "answer": "防止发生意外", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.可以根据情况决定按照乙类或者丙类传染病管理并予以公布,报国务院卫生行政部门备案的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "法律规定的甲、乙、丙类以外的其他传染病,根据其暴发、流行情况和危害程度,需要列入乙类、丙类传染病的", "B": "突发原因不明的传染病需要采取甲类传染病的预防、控制措施的", "C": "省、自治区、直辖市人民政府对本行政区域内常见、多发的其他地方性传染病", "D": "乙类传染病中除传染性非典型肺炎、炭疽中的肺炭疽和人感染高致病性禽流感以外的传染"}, "answer": "省、自治区、直辖市人民政府对本行政区域内常见、多发的其他地方性传染病", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "IgG通过胎盘主要决定于哪一部位?(  )。", "options": {"A": "Fab段", "B": "F(ab)2", "C": "Fd", "D": "铰链区"}, "answer": "F(ab)2", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.小脑出血的常见表现(  )。", "options": {"A": "眩晕、频繁呕吐、头痛、病变侧共济失调", "B": "意识丧失,双侧针尖样瞳孔、四肢瘫痪", "C": "突发剧烈头痛、呕吐、脑膜刺激征,右侧偏瘫", "D": "安静时发生偏瘫、偏身感觉障碍瘫痪,无意识障碍"}, "answer": "眩晕、频繁呕吐、头痛、病变侧共济失调", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,25岁,因心慌、多汗、消瘦1年就诊。体检:甲状腺Ⅲ度肿大,质软,无压痛,两侧上极可闻及血管杂音,心率100次/min,心音亢进。2.下列化验结果不可能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "TSH升高", "B": "TRAb阳性", "C": "血糖升高", "D": "血胆固醇下降"}, "answer": "TSH升高", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "尿胆红素含量增加,尿胆原阴性提示黄疸类型为(  )。", "options": {"A": "溶血性黄疸", "B": "肝细胞性黄疸", "C": "胆汁淤积性黄疸", "D": "先天性非溶血性黄疸"}, "answer": "胆汁淤积性黄疸", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.仅在复制过程中合成短链RNA分子的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "DNA连接酶", "B": "核酸内切酶", "C": "引物酶", "D": "RNA聚合酶"}, "answer": "引物酶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "注射大剂量Ag形成免疫耐受是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ab过剩,多余的Ag中和了抗体", "B": "Ab形成速度慢,而代谢速度过快所致", "C": "浆细胞麻痹", "D": "B细胞分化增殖受到抑制"}, "answer": "B细胞分化增殖受到抑制", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "脑挫裂伤的临床表现中,下述哪一项不正确(  )。", "options": {"A": "迟发性瞳孔散大而无脑疝表现", "B": "伤后昏迷持续数小时到数周以上", "C": "可有肢体瘫痪、失语等", "D": "腰椎穿刺脑脊液有血液"}, "answer": "迟发性瞳孔散大而无脑疝表现", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1岁男孩,发热、咳嗽5天,精神尚可,食欲不振。体检:体温38.5℃,呼吸50次/min,心率150次/min,口唇略青紫,轻度三凹征,两肺散在中小水泡音,肝肋下2cm,胸片示:两肺散在小点片状阴影。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺病毒性肺炎", "B": "支原体肺炎", "C": "金葡菌肺炎", "D": "肺炎链球菌肺炎"}, "answer": "肺炎链球菌肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "骨折特有的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "局部皮下瘀斑", "B": "功能障碍", "C": "反常活动", "D": "轴向叩击痛"}, "answer": "反常活动", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,55岁。急性心肌梗死4周,今晨再发胸痛,持续8小时不缓解,遂来急诊。查体:BP 100/60mmHg,心率95次/min,心肺检查无异常。心电图:I、aVL导联ST段弓背向上抬高,血清肌钙蛋白升高。该患者胸痛最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏破裂", "B": "室壁瘤", "C": "再发急性心肌梗死", "D": "心绞痛"}, "answer": "再发急性心肌梗死", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,5岁,平素体质较差,8个月时曾接种麻疹疫苗,今在幼儿园中接触一麻疹患者,该小儿应检疫观察多长时间(  )。", "options": {"A": "7天", "B": "5天", "C": "10天", "D": "21天"}, "answer": "21天", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "哪项是巨噬细胞产生的主要细胞因子?(  )", "options": {"A": "IL-l", "B": "IL-4", "C": "IL-5", "D": "IL-10"}, "answer": "IL-l", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症治疗错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "早期治疗,生长发育可正常", "B": "青春期甲状腺素治疗可停药", "C": "定期复查甲状腺功能", "D": "治疗后智力发育可正常"}, "answer": "青春期甲状腺素治疗可停药", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.由酶蛋白和辅助因子两部分组成的酶为(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯酶", "B": "结合酶", "C": "寡聚酶", "D": "多功能酶"}, "answer": "结合酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在治疗肺炎球菌肺炎使用青霉素时,错误的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一般患者每次肌注80万U,每8小时1次", "B": "每日剂量800万U,分3次静脉滴注", "C": "静脉滴药时每次用量应在1小时内滴完", "D": "对青霉素过敏者不可使用此药"}, "answer": "静脉滴药时每次用量应在1小时内滴完", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.重症佝偻病患儿大剂量肌肉注射维生素D后,多长时间改为维持量(  )。", "options": {"A": "1个月", "B": "3个月", "C": "1年", "D": "2年"}, "answer": "3个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小脑幕裂孔疝与枕骨大孔疝根本区别是(  )。", "options": {"A": "频繁呕吐", "B": "剧烈头痛", "C": "意识障碍发生较早", "D": "呼吸骤停发生较早"}, "answer": "意识障碍发生较早", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于Ig的描述,下列哪项是正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "IgD构成的免疫复合物可通过C1q激活补体", "B": "IgM中含分泌片", "C": "Ig有κ和λ两类重链", "D": "可被胃蛋白酶水解成Fab和Fc段"}, "answer": "Ig有κ和λ两类重链", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪一种激素的受体属于受体-转录因子型?(  )", "options": {"A": "胰岛素", "B": "甲状腺素", "C": "肾上腺素", "D": "促甲状腺素"}, "answer": "甲状腺素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗轻度高血压伴有水肿的患者应选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡托普利", "B": "硝苯地平", "C": "哌唑嗪", "D": "氢氯噻嗪"}, "answer": "氢氯噻嗪", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.急性右心室非ST段抬高心肌梗死不宜选用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯吡格雷", "B": "呋塞米", "C": "阿司匹林", "D": "尿激酶"}, "answer": "尿激酶", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "免疫球蛋白的超变区在(  )。", "options": {"A": "FaB", "B": "铰链区", "C": "Fc", "D": "CH2区"}, "answer": "FaB", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "诊断强迫症需与哪种疾病相鉴别?(  )", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "焦虑症", "C": "脑器质性精神障碍", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "以下对挫折的理解错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "挫折是需要不能满足而产生的", "B": "挫折是负性情绪状态", "C": "挫折是动机受到干扰而产生的", "D": "挫折是行为达到预定目标而产生的"}, "answer": "挫折是行为达到预定目标而产生的", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "免疫耐受诱导的难易程度为(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生期最难,胚胎期难,成年期容易", "B": "胚胎期最难,新生期难,成年期容易", "C": "成年期最难,新生期难,胚胎期容易", "D": "成年期最难,胚胎期难,新生期容易"}, "answer": "成年期最难,新生期难,胚胎期容易", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "磷酸戊糖途径的重要生理意义是生成(  )。", "options": {"A": "5-磷酸木酮糖", "B": "5-磷酸核糖", "C": "磷酸葡萄糖", "D": "磷酸果糖"}, "answer": "5-磷酸核糖", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "营养不良中度腹部皮下脂肪减少到(  )。", "options": {"A": "0.8cm", "B": "0.5cm", "C": "0.4cm以下", "D": "完全消失"}, "answer": "0.4cm以下", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医源性传播是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "在疾病防治工作中由于所用的诊疗器械和药品被污染引起疾病传播", "B": "医务人员对患者进行操作不规范,使用器械方法不当引起的不良反应", "C": "医护人员之间通过直接接触引起的疾病的传播", "D": "患者之间由于共用餐饮具而引起的疾病传播"}, "answer": "在疾病防治工作中由于所用的诊疗器械和药品被污染引起疾病传播", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不属于风湿热诊断标准中主要表现的(  )。", "options": {"A": "关节痛", "B": "舞蹈病", "C": "环形红斑", "D": "心脏炎"}, "answer": "关节痛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.胃大部切除术后,碱性反流性胃炎可有(  )。", "options": {"A": "上腹饱胀,呕吐食物和胆汁", "B": "上腹部突发剧痛,频繁呕吐,不含胆汁", "C": "进食后心悸,出汗,恶心,腹泻", "D": "剑突持续烧灼痛,进食后加重,抗酸剂无效"}, "answer": "剑突持续烧灼痛,进食后加重,抗酸剂无效", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "确定冠状动脉狭窄部位和严重程度的最佳检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心电图", "B": "超声心动图", "C": "动态心电图", "D": "冠状动脉造影"}, "answer": "冠状动脉造影", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "观察某种新研制甲肝疫苗的预防效果,研究对象(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲肝高发区无免疫人群", "B": "医院中非肝病区患者", "C": "甲肝低发区无免疫人群", "D": "医院中血制品接触者"}, "answer": "甲肝高发区无免疫人群", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "血吸虫病的尾蚴性皮炎病理变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "真皮充血、水肿", "B": "真皮大量中性粒细胞浸润", "C": "真皮变化小,主要是表皮变化", "D": "表皮出现鱼鳞状物"}, "answer": "真皮充血、水肿", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.昏迷或不愿进食的患者(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服为主", "B": "管饲为主", "C": "要素饮食", "D": "胃肠外营养"}, "answer": "管饲为主", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "全关节结核是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线片可见骨质破坏", "B": "血沉明显增快", "C": "关节疼痛严重", "D": "病变累及骨、软骨及滑膜"}, "answer": "病变累及骨、软骨及滑膜", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.抢救CO中毒时纠正缺氧疗法(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉注射甘露醇、葡萄糖、呋塞米", "B": "吸氧、高压氧舱疗法", "C": "保持呼吸道通畅,翻身及抗生素的应用", "D": "立即将病人移到空气新鲜的地方"}, "answer": "吸氧、高压氧舱疗法", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,男,5岁,8月2日突然高热,发病5小时后反复抽搐,四肢凉,血压下降,颈项强直(±),血白细胞21×109/L,最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "恶性疟疾", "B": "病毒性脑膜炎", "C": "流行性乙型脑炎", "D": "中毒性菌痢"}, "answer": "中毒性菌痢", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.发展法(  )。", "options": {"A": "能操纵自变量,能控制因变量", "B": "能操纵自变量,不能操纵因变量", "C": "不能操纵自变量,不能控制因变量", "D": "不能影响自变量和因变量"}, "answer": "能操纵自变量,不能操纵因变量", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,76岁,3小时前因外伤致右手大鱼际、第一掌骨桡侧有5cm×6cm的皮肤缺损,大鱼际肌肉部分挫伤,第一掌骨有1.0cm×0.5cm的骨外露,该患者应采用哪一种治疗方法为妥?(  )", "options": {"A": "清创后,并局部软组织覆盖第一掌骨的外露,然后行中厚皮片植皮覆盖创面", "B": "清创后,行前臂逆行岛状皮瓣移植", "C": "清创后,行游离足背皮瓣移植", "D": "清创后行游离背阔肌皮瓣移植"}, "answer": "清创后,并局部软组织覆盖第一掌骨的外露,然后行中厚皮片植皮覆盖创面", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "5.使胰腺分泌大量水和HCO3-的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃泌素", "B": "促胰液素", "C": "乙酰胆碱", "D": "血管活性肠肽"}, "answer": "促胰液素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "甲亢病人术前准备可以手术的基础代谢率,至少须降至(  )。", "options": {"A": "+10%以下", "B": "+20%以下", "C": "+30%以下", "D": "+35%以下"}, "answer": "+20%以下", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.卵巢恶性生殖细胞肿瘤,首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "顺铂+紫杉醇", "B": "紫杉醇+卡铂", "C": "顺铂+长春新碱+异环磷酰胺", "D": "顺铂+长春新碱"}, "answer": "顺铂+长春新碱+异环磷酰胺", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "金黄色葡萄球菌所致尿路感染的主要感染途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋巴道感染", "B": "性接触感染", "C": "血行感染", "D": "直接感染"}, "answer": "血行感染", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎不明显的表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛细血管壁增厚", "B": "中性粒细胞浸润", "C": "系膜细胞增生", "D": "肾小球毛细血管内皮细胞增生"}, "answer": "毛细血管壁增厚", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,64岁。近2个月出现双下肢水肿。2型糖尿病病史10年。查体:BP 140/100mmHg,神志清楚,营养差,甲状腺无肿大,双肺未闻及干、湿性啰音,心率70次/分,律齐。肝脾未触及,双下肢明显凹陷性水肿。实验室检查:空腹血糖9.6mmol/L,血清总胆固醇7.6mmol/L,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇4.6mmol/L,血浆清蛋白28g/L。为明确水肿原因,首先应进行的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾功能", "B": "肝功能", "C": "尿蛋白定量", "D": "双肾CT"}, "answer": "尿蛋白定量", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,35岁。房屋倒塌。胸部以上被压伤30min,呼吸困难,无腹痛、呕吐。体检:血压140/110mmHg(118.67/14.67kPa),脉搏11O次/min,呼吸34次/min。神志清楚,两眼结合膜有出血,颈静脉怒张,前胸及肩部有散在的出血点,尿常规阴性。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "挤压伤综合征", "B": "创伤性窒息", "C": "广泛软组织挫伤", "D": "眼外伤"}, "answer": "创伤性窒息", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.高钾血症的常见病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肠梗阻", "B": "感染性休克", "C": "肺炎高热", "D": "挤压综合征"}, "answer": "挤压综合征", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "手外伤清洗创口的具体步骤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "用0.1%的新洁尔灭(苯扎溴铵)冲洗创口", "B": "先用碘酒、酒精消毒,再清洗创口", "C": "用0.1%的新洁尔灭(苯扎溴铵)冲洗伤口内外", "D": "先用肥皂水刷洗创口周围皮肤,再用生理盐水洗净创口周围,最后再冲洗创口"}, "answer": "先用肥皂水刷洗创口周围皮肤,再用生理盐水洗净创口周围,最后再冲洗创口", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男孩,5岁。水肿伴尿少3天,病前2天有“上感”史。查体:BP 90/60mmHg,眼睑及颜面水肿,双下肢凹陷性水肿,实验室检查:血浆清蛋白22g/L,胆固醇7.2mmol/L,肾功能正常,血C3 1.25g/L,PPD试验(-),尿常规:RBC 10/HP,蛋白(++++)。3.若住院期间,患儿限盐并给予大剂量呋塞米治疗,尿量明显增加,水肿消退,但随后出现精神萎靡,头昏,乏力,恶心,呕吐,尿量明显减少。查体:BP 66/45mmHg,四肢凉。最可能发生的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低血容量休克", "B": "急性肾衰竭", "C": "肾上腺皮质功能不全", "D": "高血压脑病"}, "answer": "低血容量休克", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "现代医学模式的强调以下列哪一项为中心(  )。", "options": {"A": "治疗技术", "B": "经济效益", "C": "救死扶伤", "D": "人作为一个整体"}, "answer": "人作为一个整体", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女孩,2岁。反复发作喘息4次以上,昨又突然发作喘息,查两肺满布哮鸣音,皮下注射肾上腺素后,哮鸣音明显减少。患儿幼时对花粉过敏,母有哮喘史。1.患儿哮喘诊断的评分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "12分", "B": "10分", "C": "6分", "D": "4分"}, "answer": "10分", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "细支气管不完全阻塞所致的阻塞性通气障碍可造成(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺不张", "B": "肺纤维化", "C": "支气管扩张", "D": "肺气肿"}, "answer": "肺气肿", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,女,4岁,反复咳嗽2个月。查体:体温正常,浅表淋巴结(-)。咽(-),两肺布满哮鸣音,无水泡音,反复抗生素治疗不愈,以往无呛咳病史,有过敏性鼻炎。1.其诊断可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛细血管炎", "B": "喘息性支气管炎", "C": "气管异物", "D": "咳嗽变异性哮喘"}, "answer": "咳嗽变异性哮喘", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,50岁。2年来反复发作胸骨后疼痛,发作和劳累关系不大,常在凌晨5时发作。发作时含硝酸甘油可缓解。平时心电图示:I、aVL导联ST段水平压低0.05mV,发作时心电图Ⅰ、aVL导联ST段一过性抬高。3.患者心绞痛的冠状动脉病变最可能是哪一支受累?(  )", "options": {"A": "右冠状动脉", "B": "左主干", "C": "左回旋支", "D": "右房室结支"}, "answer": "左回旋支", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,35岁,颈前区肿块10年,近年来易出汗、心悸,渐感呼吸困难。体检:晨起心率104次/分,BP 120/60mmHg;无突眼,甲状腺Ⅲ度肿大,结节状,心电图示窦性心律不齐。3.最佳的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺大部切除术", "B": "甲状腺全切术", "C": "同位素治疗", "D": "外放射治疗"}, "answer": "甲状腺大部切除术", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.最适于地面消毒(  )。", "options": {"A": "1%硝酸银溶液", "B": "2%来苏水", "C": "75%乙醇", "D": "0.2~0.5ppm氯"}, "answer": "2%来苏水", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.男性,37岁。发热,全身衰竭,伴皮肤出血2周来门诊。体检:肝脾轻度肿大.牙龈肿胀,外周血浆血细胞减少,骨髓增生明显活跃,原始细胞72%,POX(+),非特异性酯酶(+),阳性反应可被NaF抑制。该病例临床诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性单核细胞白血病", "B": "急性红白血病", "C": "急性淋巴细胞性白血病", "D": "急性粒细胞性白血病"}, "answer": "急性单核细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "确诊消化性溃疡的首选检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃镜检查", "B": "上消化道钡餐透视", "C": "CT仿真内窥镜", "D": "MRI"}, "answer": "胃镜检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.胎头矢状缝在入口左斜径上,小囟门在骨盆的右前方(  )。", "options": {"A": "正枕后", "B": "右枕后", "C": "右枕前", "D": "左枕前"}, "answer": "右枕前", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.医师经执业注册后(  )。", "options": {"A": "只可从事预防业务", "B": "只可从事医疗业务", "C": "可以从事相应的医疗、预防、保健业务", "D": "不得进行医师执业活动"}, "answer": "可以从事相应的医疗、预防、保健业务", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,6岁,低热、乏力半月余,头痛、呕吐1周。查体:精神不振,颈强(+),克氏征(+)。疑结核性脑膜炎,做脑脊液检查,下述哪一项检查最具灵敏性和特异性?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑脊液糖及氯化物测定", "B": "聚合酶链反应", "C": "脑脊液细胞数及分类", "D": "脑脊液淋巴细胞亚群"}, "answer": "聚合酶链反应", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列乙类传染病应按甲类传染病处理的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "流行性出血热", "B": "流行性乙型脑炎", "C": "肺炭疽", "D": "布氏杆菌病"}, "answer": "肺炭疽", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,4岁,发热、呕吐半月,间断抽搐5天。颈强(+),克氏征阴性。脑脊液:白细胞480×106/L,淋巴细胞占0.8,中性粒细胞占0.2,糖1.2mmol/L,氯化物95mmol/L。诊断为结核性脑膜炎,治疗应选(  )。", "options": {"A": "异烟肼+利福平+链霉素", "B": "异烟肼+利福平+链霉素+泼尼松", "C": "异烟肼+利福平+链霉素+乙胺丁醇", "D": "异烟肼+利福平+链霉素+吡嗪酰胺+泼尼松"}, "answer": "异烟肼+利福平+链霉素+吡嗪酰胺+泼尼松", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "初产妇,32岁,剖宫产一男活婴,产后1周,寒战、高热,左下肢持续性疼痛1天,恶露量多,头晕、乏力,体温39.5℃,脉搏120次/分,血压110/70mmHg,此病人最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "盆腔结缔组织炎", "B": "血栓性静脉炎", "C": "盆腔静脉炎", "D": "败血症"}, "answer": "血栓性静脉炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "王某经执业医师考试合格并进行注册后,开办了一家牙科诊所,同时因为其对妇产科知识和操作较为熟悉,所以平时也会诊治一些妇科和产科的患者,其进行的妇产科诊疗活动属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "医师执业规定所允许的行为", "B": "只要不发生差错,法律即允许", "C": "超出执业范围的违法行为", "D": "只要是患者自愿,就是法律允许的行为"}, "answer": "超出执业范围的违法行为", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某县医院收治了数名高热伴头痛、鼻塞、流涕、全身酸痛等症状的患者,后被确诊为H7N9流感。为了防止疾病传播,该医院严格按照有关规定立即对患者予以隔离和治疗,同时在规定的时限内向当地卫生行政部门进行了报告。该规定时限是(  )。", "options": {"A": "5小时", "B": "4小时", "C": "1小时", "D": "2小时"}, "answer": "2小时", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.胆红素在肝细胞内存在的形式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硫酸胆红素", "B": "胆红素-清蛋白", "C": "胆红素-配体蛋白", "D": "胆素原族"}, "answer": "胆红素-配体蛋白", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.胃溃疡诊断最有意义的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部CT", "B": "粪便潜血", "C": "胃镜", "D": "消化道X线钡剂造影"}, "answer": "胃镜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是具有抗氧化作用的药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "烟酸", "B": "考来烯胺", "C": "非诺贝特", "D": "普罗布考"}, "answer": "普罗布考", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.下丘脑视上核受损导致(  )。", "options": {"A": "渗透性利尿", "B": "尿崩症", "C": "尿失禁", "D": "尿潴留"}, "answer": "尿崩症", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "高血压伴低钾血症应首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮质醇增多症", "B": "原发性醛固酮增多症", "C": "肾实质性高血压", "D": "肾动脉狭窄"}, "answer": "原发性醛固酮增多症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,28岁。结节性甲状腺肿10年,近半年出现怕热、多汗。T3、T4值高于正常值近1倍。妊娠4个月,有哮喘史。最适合的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗甲状腺药物治疗", "B": "普萘洛尔治疗", "C": "放射性碘治疗", "D": "甲状腺大部切除术"}, "answer": "甲状腺大部切除术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "母乳中糖、脂肪、蛋白质的比例是(  )。", "options": {"A": "6:3:l", "B": "2:1:1", "C": "3:2:1", "D": "8:6:2"}, "answer": "6:3:l", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,40岁。3个月来间歇性无痛性全血尿,近2天来加重伴有血块。B型超声见双肾正常,膀胱内有1.5cm×2.0cm×1.0cm新生物,有蒂。2.目前最常用的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膀胱灌注化疗", "B": "经尿道电切", "C": "结肠代膀胱术", "D": "放射治疗"}, "answer": "经尿道电切", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,25岁,初孕妇。妊娠12周,尿频、尿急、尿痛伴阴道分泌物增多4天。查体:尿道口及宫颈口均见脓性分泌物,为确诊首选的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血培养", "B": "宫颈管分泌物培养", "C": "血清学检查", "D": "尿培养"}, "answer": "宫颈管分泌物培养", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肾近髓肾单位的主要功能(  )。", "options": {"A": "分泌醛固酮", "B": "释放肾素", "C": "释放抗利尿激素", "D": "浓缩与稀释尿液"}, "answer": "浓缩与稀释尿液", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,18岁。不能自控地间断性反复大量进食,吃到难以忍受的腹胀为止,情绪易激惹,并有担心发胖的恐惧心理。该患者属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经性发胖", "B": "精神性躁狂", "C": "神经性贪食", "D": "神经性躁狂"}, "answer": "神经性贪食", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.对肿瘤细胞通过细胞因子发挥作用的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Thl", "B": "Tc", "C": "Mφ", "D": "NK"}, "answer": "Thl", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.艾滋病(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗HIV阳性", "B": "抗HAV阳性", "C": "抗HBc阳性", "D": "抗O阳性"}, "answer": "抗HIV阳性", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.属于智力测验的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "主题统觉测验", "B": "比奈一西蒙量表", "C": "90项症状核查表", "D": "H—R成套测验"}, "answer": "比奈一西蒙量表", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肾上腺糖皮质激素在肺炎中的应用不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "严重喘憋", "B": "感染性休克", "C": "中毒症状明显", "D": "呼吸困难"}, "answer": "呼吸困难", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "结核性腹膜炎腹痛的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "早期腹痛明显", "B": "呈持续性绞痛", "C": "疼痛多位于脐周、下腹", "D": "阵发性隐痛"}, "answer": "疼痛多位于脐周、下腹", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "长期饥饿时脑组织的能量主要来源于(  )。", "options": {"A": "脂肪酸氧化", "B": "酮体氧化", "C": "葡萄糖氧化", "D": "乳酸氧化"}, "answer": "酮体氧化", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "根据《医疗机构管理条例》的规定,下列说法中错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医疗机构必须按照核准登记的诊疗科目开展诊疗活动", "B": "医疗机构不得使用非卫生技术人员从事医疗卫生技术工作", "C": "医疗机构工作人员上岗工作,必须佩带载有本人姓名、职务或者职称的标牌", "D": "医疗机构的《医疗机构执业许可证》可以悬挂出来.也可以妥善收藏起来"}, "answer": "医疗机构的《医疗机构执业许可证》可以悬挂出来.也可以妥善收藏起来", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心理评估的常用方法不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "会谈法", "B": "测验法", "C": "观察法", "D": "实验法"}, "answer": "实验法", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下面各项不属于性格特征的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "遗传特征", "B": "理智特征", "C": "情绪特征", "D": "意志特征"}, "answer": "遗传特征", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于妊娠女性,可疑甲亢时,不应该做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺131I率测定", "B": "TT3", "C": "TRAb", "D": "TSH"}, "answer": "甲状腺131I率测定", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者意识清醒,右眼睑下垂,瞳孔散大,光反射消失,眼球外斜视,额纹不对称,露齿时口角右偏,伸舌左偏,左侧中枢性偏瘫,病变位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "右侧中脑", "B": "右侧脑桥", "C": "右侧处延髓,脑桥及中脑", "D": "右侧内囊病变发展形成天幕疝"}, "answer": "右侧中脑", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,55岁,高血压20年,不规则服药。某日晨突发头痛,意识不清,30分钟后送到医院。查体:昏迷,血压210/120mmHg,双眼向右侧凝视,左足外旋位。3.哪一项辅助检查对明确诊断最有价值?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑电图检查", "B": "脑超声检查", "C": "头颅CT检查", "D": "开颅探查"}, "answer": "头颅CT检查", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "被乙型肝炎病人血液污染针头刺破皮肤后主要宜采取(  )。", "options": {"A": "局部碘酒、酒精消毒", "B": "注射干扰素诱生剂", "C": "注射胎盘球蛋白", "D": "注射高效价免疫血清"}, "answer": "注射高效价免疫血清", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项为评价医德行为善恶的根本标准?(  )", "options": {"A": "病人家属的意见", "B": "新闻媒体的认定", "C": "有利于病人、有利于医学发展、有利于生存环境的改善", "D": "社会主义医德规范体系"}, "answer": "有利于病人、有利于医学发展、有利于生存环境的改善", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,70岁。饮酒1小时后呕咖啡样物100ml,后排黑便100g。既往体健。查体:P 110次/分,BP 90/50mmHg。1.首选的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硫糖铝", "B": "止血芳酸", "C": "纳洛酮", "D": "奥美拉唑"}, "answer": "奥美拉唑", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "21-三体综合征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "常染色体畸变", "B": "常染色体显性遗传", "C": "X连锁显性遗传", "D": "X连锁隐性遗传"}, "answer": "常染色体畸变", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.鉴别三种非典型苯丙酮尿症的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "DNA分析", "B": "血浆游离氨基酸分析", "C": "尿三氯化铁试验", "D": "尿蝶呤分析"}, "answer": "尿蝶呤分析", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1986年国际移植学会发布的分配尸体器官的准则不包括的内容是(  )。", "options": {"A": "依据医学标准将器官给予最合适移植的患者", "B": "必须经由国家或地区的器官分配网站分配器官", "C": "参与移植的医生不应从事该类宣传", "D": "不可付钱给捐赠者,但补偿其因手术和住院等所产生的开支和损失是可以的"}, "answer": "参与移植的医生不应从事该类宣传", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,26岁,右侧阴囊增大不适半年。检查肿块约2.0cm×2.5cm大小,有囊性感,无压痛,平卧位不消失,透光试验阳性。双侧睾丸附睾可清楚触及,大小位置正常。应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "睾丸鞘膜积液", "B": "腹股沟疝", "C": "精索鞘膜积液", "D": "阴囊橡皮肿"}, "answer": "精索鞘膜积液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "营养不良治疗中可应用的药物,不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "各种维生素", "B": "各种消化酶", "C": "苯丙酸诺龙", "D": "泼尼松"}, "answer": "泼尼松", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "属于Ⅱ型超敏反应的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "系统性红斑狼疮", "B": "溶血性贫血", "C": "过敏性鼻炎", "D": "荨麻疹"}, "answer": "溶血性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于DNA变性的叙述哪项是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "OD280增高", "B": "Tm值大,表示T=A含量多,而G≡C含量少", "C": "DNA分子的双链间氢键断裂而解链", "D": "OD260减小"}, "answer": "DNA分子的双链间氢键断裂而解链", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.胎儿先露部的指示点与母体骨盆的关系称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎方位", "B": "胎先露", "C": "骨盆轴", "D": "胎产式"}, "answer": "胎方位", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,40岁。体重80kg,躯干背侧全部烧伤,2/3浅Ⅱ°,1/3为深Ⅱ°,入院后最初8小时的补液量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1560ml", "B": "1780ml", "C": "1872ml", "D": "3560ml"}, "answer": "1780ml", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2周岁正常小儿血象白细胞分类以(  )。", "options": {"A": "杆状核细胞占优势", "B": "分叶粒细胞占优势", "C": "淋巴细胞占优势", "D": "幼稚淋巴细胞占优势"}, "answer": "淋巴细胞占优势", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项不是小叶性肺炎的并发症?(  )", "options": {"A": "心力衰竭", "B": "呼吸衰竭", "C": "脓毒血症", "D": "肺肉质变"}, "answer": "肺肉质变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.用于器官移植排斥反应药物(  )。", "options": {"A": "利福平", "B": "利巴韦林", "C": "氟康唑", "D": "环磷酰胺"}, "answer": "环磷酰胺", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "地西泮的药理作用不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗焦虑", "B": "镇静催眠", "C": "中枢性肌肉松弛", "D": "抗晕动"}, "answer": "抗晕动", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病最常见的并发症不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性肺源性心脏病", "B": "自发性气胸", "C": "支气管扩张", "D": "慢性呼吸衰竭"}, "answer": "支气管扩张", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于严重肺淤血的叙述,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "可见心力衰竭细胞", "B": "可发生漏出性出血", "C": "肺泡壁毛细血管扩张充血", "D": "肺泡腔内见有白细胞和纤维蛋白"}, "answer": "肺泡腔内见有白细胞和纤维蛋白", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "感染性心内膜炎需行人工瓣膜置换术的适应证是(  )。", "options": {"A": "并发脑损害", "B": "心脏杂音的性质发生变化", "C": "出现Janeway损害", "D": "真菌性心内膜炎"}, "answer": "真菌性心内膜炎", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪种症状对诊断精神分裂症的意义最大?(  )", "options": {"A": "思维奔逸,情感欣快", "B": "情感焦虑,紧张", "C": "情感淡漠,思维破裂", "D": "交替出现的情感高涨、情感低落"}, "answer": "情感淡漠,思维破裂", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,8个月,腹泻5天,稀水便1日10余次,尿减少,体重5.5kg,皮下脂肪0.4cm,足稍凉,CO2CP为9mmol/L,血钠128mmol/L,本例脱水程度及性质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "轻度脱水,低渗性", "B": "中度脱水,等渗性", "C": "中度脱水,低渗性", "D": "重度脱水,低渗性"}, "answer": "中度脱水,低渗性", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性淋病的首选治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "壮观霉素", "B": "红霉素", "C": "青霉素", "D": "甲硝唑"}, "answer": "青霉素", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "输血后7~14天发生的输血并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "非溶血性发热性输血反应", "B": "迟发性溶血反应", "C": "细菌污染反应", "D": "输血相关的急性肺损伤"}, "answer": "迟发性溶血反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.治疗抑郁症首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "碳酸锂", "B": "丙米嗪", "C": "奋乃静", "D": "氯丙嗪"}, "answer": "丙米嗪", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.脑部受到撞击(  )。", "options": {"A": "物理因素", "B": "日常生活的困扰", "C": "与工作有关的应激源", "D": "心理应激源"}, "answer": "物理因素", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.生理性萎缩(  )。", "options": {"A": "老年性骨骼、脑组织的萎缩", "B": "小儿麻痹症所致的下肢萎缩", "C": "肾盂积水所致肾萎缩", "D": "脑缺血引起脑萎缩"}, "answer": "老年性骨骼、脑组织的萎缩", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1岁患儿,高热剧烈呕吐2天入院,经腰穿脑脊液检查,确诊为“化脓性脑膜炎”。近1日昏睡,意识不清,颈强(+),反复抽搐,给予相应处理后,持续高热,并出现双瞳孔不等大,肢体张力增强,下一步紧急处理为(  )。", "options": {"A": "配伍更有效抗生素", "B": "给予退热,止抽", "C": "20%甘露醇脱水", "D": "给予呋塞米脱水"}, "answer": "20%甘露醇脱水", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医患关系出现物化趋势的最主要原因(  )。", "options": {"A": "医生对物理、化学等检测诊断手段的依赖性", "B": "医患交流中出现了屏障", "C": "医患双方相互交流的机会减少", "D": "医生降低了对患者的重视"}, "answer": "医生对物理、化学等检测诊断手段的依赖性", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "具有免疫记忆的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "巨噬细胞", "B": "中性粒细胞", "C": "Th细胞", "D": "树突状细胞"}, "answer": "Th细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "风湿性心瓣膜病并发感染性心内膜炎时,最支持感染性心内膜炎诊断的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体温38.5℃", "B": "胸痛并有胸膜摩擦音", "C": "超声心动图显示有赘生物", "D": "心电图ST-T改变"}, "answer": "超声心动图显示有赘生物", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.以上哪项在骨骼肌细胞中作为Ca2+受体?(  )", "options": {"A": "肌红蛋白", "B": "肌钙蛋白", "C": "肌球蛋白", "D": "原肌球蛋白"}, "answer": "肌钙蛋白", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.分泌内因于促进维生素B12吸收的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "壁细胞", "B": "主细胞", "C": "胃窦黏膜D细胞", "D": "小肠黏膜I细胞"}, "answer": "壁细胞", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.老年人面部皮肤癌,很少转移,对放射治疗敏感(  )。", "options": {"A": "鳞癌", "B": "基底细胞癌", "C": "印戒细胞癌", "D": "单纯癌"}, "answer": "基底细胞癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "《母婴保健法》所指的孕产期保健服务不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "母婴保健指导", "B": "胎儿保健", "C": "胎儿性别鉴定", "D": "新生儿保健"}, "answer": "胎儿性别鉴定", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "血中哪种胆红素增加会在尿中出现胆红素?(  )", "options": {"A": "肝前胆红素", "B": "结合胆红素", "C": "未结合胆红素", "D": "与清蛋白结合的胆红素"}, "answer": "结合胆红素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于特异性投射系统的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "引起特定感觉并激发大脑皮层发出神经冲动", "B": "维持和改变大脑皮层的兴奋状态", "C": "包括视觉、嗅觉、听觉和内脏感觉的传导系统", "D": "维持机体处于觉醒状态"}, "answer": "引起特定感觉并激发大脑皮层发出神经冲动", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.最易变异的是哪一种肝炎病毒?(  )", "options": {"A": "乙型肝炎病毒", "B": "丙型肝炎病毒", "C": "丁型肝炎病毒", "D": "戊型肝炎病毒"}, "answer": "乙型肝炎病毒", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,20岁,发热2周,体温38~39℃,检查皮肤散在紫癜,颈部及腋下可触及0.5cm×1.5cm大小淋巴结5或6个,脾肋下3cm,血红蛋白85g/L,白细胞10×109/L,血小板25×109/L。1.对诊断帮助最大的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "自细胞分类", "B": "胸部X线片", "C": "骨髓象检查", "D": "血小板抗体测定"}, "answer": "骨髓象检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,15岁,近5天来低热、乏力、纳差、恶心伴呕吐,近3天来黄疸日益加重,尿如浓茶,触诊肝在肋下2.5cm触及、质软,有触痛和叩击痛。检查,血清ALT和AST均异常升高,血清胆红素4mg/dl,其病因最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "疱疹病毒感染", "B": "巨细胞病毒感染", "C": "EB病毒感染", "D": "肝炎病毒感染"}, "answer": "肝炎病毒感染", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,16岁,心慌,多汗,手颤2个月。无明显突眼,甲状腺I度弥漫性肿大。血游离T3、T4增高,TSH降低。肝、肾功能正常,血WBC 6.8×109/L,诊为甲亢。既往无甲亢病史。恰当的治疗方案为(  )。", "options": {"A": "核素131I治疗", "B": "抗甲状腺药物治疗", "C": "抗甲状腺药物治疗后手术治疗", "D": "抗甲状腺药物治疗后核素131I治疗"}, "answer": "抗甲状腺药物治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.肉毒毒素致病机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制细胞蛋白质的合成", "B": "封闭抑制性神经元,导致肌肉痉挛", "C": "阻断乙酰胆碱的释放", "D": "激活腺苷酸环化酶,使胞内cAMP上升,促进肠黏膜分泌功能增强"}, "answer": "阻断乙酰胆碱的释放", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哪种细胞参与TD-Ag刺激机体产生抗体?(  )", "options": {"A": "B细胞", "B": "巨噬细胞、T细胞、B细胞", "C": "T细胞和B细胞", "D": "巨噬细胞和T细胞"}, "answer": "巨噬细胞、T细胞、B细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "克罗恩病的主要手术指征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "持续性粪隐血阳性", "B": "严重腹泻", "C": "营养不良,体重减轻", "D": "疑有恶变"}, "answer": "疑有恶变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "糖尿病性血管病变,最具有特征性的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "合并高血压", "B": "微血管病变", "C": "周围动脉硬化一下肢坏疽", "D": "脑血管病变"}, "answer": "微血管病变", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.上述哪项是乙型脑炎病毒的主要传播途径?(  )", "options": {"A": "消化道传播", "B": "虫媒传播", "C": "呼吸道传播", "D": "直接接触传播"}, "answer": "虫媒传播", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项不是食管癌的肉眼形态类型?(  )", "options": {"A": "蕈伞型", "B": "溃疡型", "C": "胶样型", "D": "缩窄型"}, "answer": "胶样型", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "婴儿体重4kg,前囟1.5cm×1.5cm,后囟0.2cm,能发和谐喉音,头不能竖立,最可能的月龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生后7天", "B": "生后1~2个月", "C": "生后3~4个月", "D": "生后4~5个月"}, "answer": "生后1~2个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性肾炎限盐饮食每日供盐(  )。", "options": {"A": "2~3g", "B": "1~2g", "C": "0.5~1g", "D": "3~4g"}, "answer": "1~2g", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性支气管炎患者发生阻塞性通气功能障碍的基础病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管平滑肌萎缩", "B": "支气管软骨萎缩、纤维化", "C": "细支气管炎及细支气管周围炎", "D": "支气管腺体增生、肥大"}, "answer": "细支气管炎及细支气管周围炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "黑色素瘤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "良性肿瘤", "B": "恶性肿瘤", "C": "交界性肿瘤", "D": "瘤样病变"}, "answer": "恶性肿瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,55岁。左乳房包块半年。乳房无不适,有时感左肩背部隐痛。查体:双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心律齐,腹软,无压痛。左乳房外上象限可触及3cm×2cm包块,质硬,不光滑,活动,无压痛。左腋窝触及3枚肿大淋巴结。乳腺钼靶摄片:左乳房2.5cm×2.0cm高密度影,周边有毛刺,中央有细沙样钙化点。2.【假设信息】患者术后2年出现腰背部疼痛,逐渐加重,为明确诊断首选的主要检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血CEA", "B": "血CA153", "C": "同位素骨扫描", "D": "PET-CT"}, "answer": "同位素骨扫描", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某男,68岁,有糖尿病史多年,长期服用磺酰脲类降糖药,近日因血糖明显升高,口服降糖药控制不理想改用胰岛素,本次注射正规胰岛素后突然出现出汗、心悸、震颤,继而出现昏迷,请问此时应对该患者采取何种抢救措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "加用一次胰岛素", "B": "口服糖水", "C": "静脉注射50%葡萄糖", "D": "心内注射肾上腺素"}, "answer": "静脉注射50%葡萄糖", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "6岁女孩,高热、咽痛,眼部刺痛2天。体检:咽部充血,一侧眼球结膜炎,可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "咽结合膜热", "B": "红眼病", "C": "川崎病", "D": "流行性感冒"}, "answer": "咽结合膜热", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "与鼻咽癌的发生有关的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "HSV-1", "B": "VZV", "C": "CMV", "D": "EBV"}, "answer": "EBV", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,50岁女性,孕5产5,绝经3年,阴道不规则出血1个月。妇科检查:外阴阴道正常,宫颈肥天、糜烂、触之易出血,子宫后屈、稍小,双侧附件未见异常。1.该病人绝经后最可能的出血原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫颈炎", "B": "子宫颈癌", "C": "子宫颈尖锐湿疣", "D": "子宫内膜炎"}, "answer": "子宫颈癌", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿易患气管异物的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "耳咽管较宽,短而呈水平", "B": "右支气管粗、短", "C": "肺含血量多,含气量少,易感染", "D": "以上均是"}, "answer": "右支气管粗、短", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.顺产后4个月哺乳期女性,首选的避孕方法(  )。", "options": {"A": "IUD", "B": "复方短效口服避孕药", "C": "紧急避孕药", "D": "长效复方避孕注射剂"}, "answer": "IUD", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "足月女婴,自然分娩,出生体重3公斤,娩出时Apgar评分为4分,抢救10分钟后评分为9分。出生后2小时出现凝视、哭声单调,继而全身抽搐,肌张力偏高,为控制惊厥,应首先采用(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌注呋塞米", "B": "肌注地塞米松", "C": "静注苯巴比妥钠", "D": "肌注维生素K"}, "answer": "静注苯巴比妥钠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心脏破裂的典型表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "低血压,心音消失,无电活动", "B": "血压测不到,心音消失,无电活动", "C": "血压测不到,心音消失,有电活动", "D": "低血压,心音正常,无电活动"}, "answer": "血压测不到,心音消失,有电活动", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.脑磷脂中含有(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆碱", "B": "乙醇胺", "C": "磷脂酰甘油", "D": "丝氨酸"}, "answer": "乙醇胺", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪个药物属于胆碱酯酶复活药?(  )", "options": {"A": "毒扁豆碱", "B": "氯磷定", "C": "安贝氯铵", "D": "阿托品"}, "answer": "氯磷定", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.急性血源性骨髓炎后期的病理特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨质破坏、坏死", "B": "骨髓内脓疡", "C": "反应性新骨形成", "D": "软组织蜂窝织炎"}, "answer": "反应性新骨形成", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "细胞内脂肪酸合成的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "线粒体", "B": "细胞液", "C": "高尔基体", "D": "内质网"}, "answer": "细胞液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "结核结节属于下列哪一种改变?(  )", "options": {"A": "炎性假瘤", "B": "感染性肉芽肿", "C": "异物性肉芽肿", "D": "肉芽组织"}, "answer": "感染性肉芽肿", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.正常人腋窝温度平均值是(  )。", "options": {"A": "35.0~36.0℃", "B": "36.0~37.4℃", "C": "36.7~37.7℃", "D": "37.9~38.9℃"}, "answer": "36.0~37.4℃", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "测量病毒大小的常用单位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "毫米(mm)", "B": "微米(μm)", "C": "纳米(nm)", "D": "皮米(pm)"}, "answer": "纳米(nm)", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.处于恢复期时最理想的医患关系模式为(  )。", "options": {"A": "指导合作型", "B": "共同参与型", "C": "患者至上型", "D": "互惠型"}, "answer": "共同参与型", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "26岁初产妇,仅在乡卫生院做过2次产前检查,自述现妊娠38周,阵发腹痛2小时来院分娩。检查血压120/80mmHg,胎心140次/min,四段触诊发现母体宫底部可触及胎头,拟诊为臀先露。2.关于该产妇的分娩方式,下列哪项正确?(  )。", "options": {"A": "除外骨盆狭窄,均可经阴道分娩", "B": "单臀先露可经阴道分娩", "C": "脐部娩出后,应在8分钟内娩出胎头", "D": "后出头时禁用产钳助产"}, "answer": "脐部娩出后,应在8分钟内娩出胎头", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对肾综合征出血热来说,下列哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "野生鼠类是主要传染源", "B": "病原体是RNA病毒", "C": "可经呼吸道传播", "D": "每年7~9月份为流行高峰"}, "answer": "每年7~9月份为流行高峰", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.血琼脂平皿属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "基础培养基", "B": "营养培养基", "C": "鉴别培养基", "D": "厌氧培养基"}, "answer": "营养培养基", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不予医师执业注册的情形是(  )。", "options": {"A": "受过刑事处罚的", "B": "不具有完全民事行为能力的", "C": "受过吊销医师执业证书行政处罚的", "D": "受吊销医师执业证书行政处罚,自处罚之日起至申请注册之日止不满3年的"}, "answer": "不具有完全民事行为能力的", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "引起上消化道出血最常见的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃癌", "B": "胃十二指肠溃疡", "C": "肝硬化", "D": "出血性胃炎"}, "answer": "胃十二指肠溃疡", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.黏膜、皮肤(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫屏障(外部)", "B": "免疫屏障(内部)", "C": "细胞作用", "D": "中和抗体"}, "answer": "免疫屏障(外部)", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.细胞间相互作用缺乏活化第二信号,可导致淋巴细胞(  )。", "options": {"A": "克隆消除", "B": "克隆无能", "C": "免疫忽视", "D": "耐受分离"}, "answer": "克隆无能", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,30岁,右髋部疼痛1年,伴低热、盗汗、纳差及体重减轻。查体:右髋关节呈屈曲畸形,活动受限,Thomas征(+),ESR30mm/h。X线片示右髋关节间隙变窄,关节面有骨质破坏,右髋臼有2cm大小空洞,内有坏死骨片。2.最佳治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "髋“人”字形石膏固定", "B": "立即进行病灶清除", "C": "抗痨治疗2~4周后行病灶清除术", "D": "关节穿刺抽脓,注入抗结核药物"}, "answer": "抗痨治疗2~4周后行病灶清除术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "红细胞主要功能是下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "缓冲温度", "B": "提供营养", "C": "运输激素", "D": "运输O2和CO2"}, "answer": "运输O2和CO2", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "26岁女性,3小时前摔伤左前臂,来院检查发现前臂肿胀,瘀斑,剧痛,并有短缩成角畸形,诊断首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "前臂软组织挫伤", "B": "尺神经损伤", "C": "尺桡骨双骨折", "D": "尺骨骨折"}, "answer": "尺桡骨双骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,42岁。近1个月来大便次数增多,有肛门坠胀感及里急后重,大便变细,常有黏液血便,经抗生素治疗症状可缓解,但不久又复发,且呈进行性加重。1.首先应进行的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直肠指诊", "B": "腹部CT", "C": "直肠镜检、乙状结肠镜检", "D": "MRI"}, "answer": "直肠指诊", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,31岁,火焰烧伤2小时,烧伤面积为80%体表总面积,其中深Ⅱ度40%体表总面积,Ⅲ度50%体表总面积,伤后无尿,心率148次/分,伤后头8小时输液4500ml(其中胶体1800ml)后仍无尿。1.针对无尿应首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "加快补液速度", "B": "用利尿剂", "C": "查血电解质、尿素氮及肌苷", "D": "检查膀胱区及导尿管"}, "answer": "检查膀胱区及导尿管", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "早期确诊甲状腺功能减低症的实验室检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "TRH兴奋实验", "B": "血清T3、T4、TSH测定", "C": "甲状腺扫描", "D": "骨龄测定"}, "answer": "血清T3、T4、TSH测定", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1岁患儿,10月份患腹泻粪便呈水样或蛋花汤样,无腥臭味,有少量黏液但无脓血,有脱水征。考虑其病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "B": "白色念珠菌", "C": "黏附性大肠杆菌", "D": "肠道或呼吸道病毒"}, "answer": "肠道或呼吸道病毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿10个月,近一周来抽搐发作4次,父母为近亲婚配。查体:智力发育差,皮肤白,毛发黄,可闻及鼠尿味,脑电图可见痫样放电。1.最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "呆小病", "B": "苯丙酮尿症", "C": "先天愚型", "D": "原发性癫痫"}, "answer": "苯丙酮尿症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.弥散性血管内凝血高凝血期(  )。", "options": {"A": "血小板增加", "B": "纤维蛋白原降低", "C": "PT缩短", "D": "Hb降低"}, "answer": "PT缩短", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,男,2岁,近1年多哭甚时出现青紫,查体:心前区隆起,胸骨左缘第3~4肋间可闻及Ⅳ级收缩期杂音,可触及震颤,X线检查示:左右心室及左房增大,肺血管影增多,肺动脉段凸出。3.此患儿如出现了永久性青紫,说明(  )。", "options": {"A": "形成艾森曼格综合征", "B": "动脉系统淤血", "C": "静脉系统淤血", "D": "合并了心力衰竭"}, "answer": "形成艾森曼格综合征", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.由Tc细胞介导的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "迟发型超敏反应性炎症反应", "B": "特异性杀伤肿瘤细胞", "C": "非特异性杀伤肿瘤细胞", "D": "外源性抗原的加工递呈"}, "answer": "特异性杀伤肿瘤细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列对氨基糖苷类不敏感的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "各种厌氧菌", "B": "沙门菌", "C": "肠道杆菌", "D": "绿脓杆菌"}, "answer": "各种厌氧菌", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一女咨询者,35岁,某大学教师。3个月前因出国问题与领导争吵,而后逐渐表现出情绪低落、兴趣减退,对未来悲观失望,认为领导和同事都疏远她,常有怨天尤人的表现。能主动求医,接触良好。1.针对此例,宜采用什么方法进行心理评估(  )。", "options": {"A": "观察法", "B": "调查法", "C": "会谈法", "D": "作品分析法"}, "answer": "会谈法", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,32岁。反复发作无痛性肉眼血尿4年,多于上呼吸道感染后出现,间歇期尿RBC 3~5/HP,无水肿及高血压。无肾脏病家族史。其血尿最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球肾炎", "B": "尿路结石", "C": "前列腺炎", "D": "尿路感染"}, "answer": "肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "混合食物由胃完全排空通常需要多长时间(  )。", "options": {"A": "1~1.5h", "B": "4~6h", "C": "7~8h", "D": "12~24h"}, "answer": "4~6h", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1岁半小儿,至今不会独立行走,智力低下。体检:两眼距增宽,两眼外侧上斜,鼻梁低平,眼裂小,鼻翼不宽,舌伸出口外,小指向内弯曲,通贯手。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呆小症", "B": "先天愚型", "C": "苯丙酮尿症", "D": "软骨发育不良"}, "answer": "先天愚型", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于细菌L型,错误的说法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主要是由肽聚糖结构的缺陷引起的", "B": "可在体外试验中形成", "C": "需在高渗透压培养基中分离培养", "D": "失去产生毒素的能力而使其致病性减弱"}, "answer": "失去产生毒素的能力而使其致病性减弱", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,60岁,颈部肿块4个月,生长快,无疼痛,查体发现甲状腺右叶直径3cm的肿块,质硬,边界不清,吞嚼时活动度小。3.如细针穿刺细胞学检查诊断为甲状腺癌,治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "手术治疗", "B": "外放射治疗", "C": "放射性I治疗", "D": "口服甲状腺干制剂治疗"}, "answer": "手术治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项为心理应激对健康影响的表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "促进健康", "B": "与心身疾病的发病有关", "C": "与心理障碍的发病有关", "D": "以上都正确"}, "answer": "以上都正确", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "皮质醇增多症最具有特征性的表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤紫纹", "B": "月经减少", "C": "向心性肥胖", "D": "高血压"}, "answer": "向心性肥胖", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.患者女性,50岁,10天前做胆道手术。近几天来时有突然寒战,体温38~39℃,有时体温接近正常。血白细胞为8.5×109/L,中性粒细胞占90%,血培养阳性。考虑的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "革兰阴性菌败血症", "B": "革兰阳性菌败血症", "C": "真菌性败血症", "D": "毒血症"}, "answer": "革兰阴性菌败血症", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某患者上呼吸道感染静脉滴注青霉素,护士按操作规程给予用药。第二天用完药,患者回到家中感到不适,3小时后加重,急送医院抢救,无效死亡。家属认为是青霉素过敏致死,反映到市卫生局。经市鉴定委员会鉴定,认为医院没有责任,卫生局依此做出处理。2.患者家属不服鉴定和处理,可以采取下列措施,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "起诉市卫生局", "B": "起诉负责治疗的医护人员", "C": "申请上一级鉴定委员会鉴定", "D": "申请上一级卫生行政部门复议"}, "answer": "起诉负责治疗的医护人员", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.产物有己糖但不升高血糖(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖酵解", "B": "磷酸戊糖途径", "C": "糖原合成", "D": "糖原分解"}, "answer": "磷酸戊糖途径", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "细胞外液占成人体重的(  )。", "options": {"A": "20%", "B": "25%", "C": "40%", "D": "30%"}, "answer": "20%", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "判断烧伤创面深度的主要依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "创面有无水疱", "B": "创面渗出情况", "C": "创面疼痛情况", "D": "创面残存上皮的有无和多少"}, "answer": "创面残存上皮的有无和多少", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.哪项是人体实验道德原则中最重要、最基本的原则?(  )", "options": {"A": "受试者知情同意", "B": "维护受试者利益", "C": "严谨的科学态度", "D": "有利于医学和社会发展"}, "answer": "维护受试者利益", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "18个月小儿,因长期腹泻入院。查体:患儿面色苍白,表情呆滞,皮肤散在出血点。血象:RBC 2.0×1012/L,Hb 90g/L,WBC 3.5 × 109/L,血清铁14.321μmol/L(80μg/dl)。此患应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "再生障碍性贫血", "B": "营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血", "C": "营养性缺铁性贫血", "D": "地中海贫血"}, "answer": "营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "可不使蛋白质变性的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有机溶剂", "B": "重金属盐", "C": "加热振荡", "D": "强酸、强碱"}, "answer": "有机溶剂", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,24岁。停经58天,2周前行人工流产吸宫术,术后持续阴道流血。3.确诊后应选用的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用抗生素", "B": "抗生素+宫缩剂", "C": "抗生素+清宫术", "D": "宫缩剂+清宫术"}, "answer": "抗生素+清宫术", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,42岁,平素多食,肥胖,2次尿糖阳性,空腹血糖5.4mmol/L,饭后2小时血糖7.6mmol/L,考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "应激性糖尿", "B": "肾性糖尿", "C": "肿瘤性糖尿", "D": "甲亢致糖尿"}, "answer": "肾性糖尿", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "25岁已婚女性,原发闭经来诊。医生准备为她间断取几次阴道脱落细胞检查,以了解其卵巢功能。关于阴道脱落细胞检查的意义,下列解释哪项正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "体内孕激素水平越高,阴道细胞越成熟", "B": "阴道脱落细胞以角化细胞为主者提示雌激素水平高", "C": "阴道脱落细胞检查不能识别阴道内赘生物的性质", "D": "阴道脱落细胞检查不能识别阴道内炎症"}, "answer": "阴道脱落细胞以角化细胞为主者提示雌激素水平高", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "脑部受伤后出现中间清醒期常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑内血肿", "B": "脑挫裂伤", "C": "硬脑膜外血肿", "D": "脑干损伤"}, "answer": "硬脑膜外血肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "PCO2升高引起呼吸加深加快最主要是通过哪部分引起的?(  )", "options": {"A": "刺激颈动脉窦压力感受器", "B": "刺激中枢化学感受器转而兴奋呼吸中枢", "C": "直接刺激呼吸中枢", "D": "刺激颈动脉体化学感受器"}, "answer": "刺激中枢化学感受器转而兴奋呼吸中枢", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "7.类风湿性关节炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "属I型超敏反应性疾病", "B": "属Ⅱ型超敏反应性疾病", "C": "属Ⅲ型超敏反应性疾病", "D": "属Ⅳ型超敏反应性疾病"}, "answer": "属Ⅲ型超敏反应性疾病", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,42岁。10年前分娩后闭经。1周前因不洁饮食出现腹泻,食欲减退,精神萎靡,卧床不起。今日上午被家人发现神志不清来急诊。查体:BP 80/50mmHg,皮肤苍白,毛发稀疏,消瘦,心率90次/分,血糖2.4mmol/L,胸部X线检查示“左上肺陈旧性结核”。3.最有助于诊断的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝功能检查", "B": "胰腺MRI", "C": "垂体激素检查", "D": "肾上腺CT"}, "answer": "垂体激素检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,66岁。右上腹疼痛伴发热、寒战5天,糖尿病病史20年,胆石症胆囊切除术后2年。查体:巩膜黄染,心肺未见异常,肝肋下2cm,压痛(+),肝区叩击痛(+)。血常规:WBC 15×109/L,N 0.85。2.该患者最可能的病原体来源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸系统", "B": "肠道", "C": "胆道系统", "D": "皮肤及软组织"}, "answer": "胆道系统", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.男医师给女患者进行妇科检查时需有护士或其他医务人员在场的规定遵循的伦理要求是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对症下药,剂量安全", "B": "严谨求实,防止差错", "C": "尊重患者,心正无私", "D": "尊重患者,知情同意"}, "answer": "尊重患者,心正无私", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.具有吞噬和抗原呈递作用的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "Mφ", "B": "T", "C": "B", "D": "NK"}, "answer": "Mφ", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于精神分裂症单纯型,下列说法正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多亚急性起病", "B": "常有意志行为增强", "C": "常出现被害妄想", "D": "很少出现幻觉"}, "answer": "很少出现幻觉", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "通常人的唾液中除含有唾液淀粉酶外,还含有(  )。", "options": {"A": "凝乳酶", "B": "溶菌酶", "C": "肽酶", "D": "蛋白水解酶"}, "answer": "溶菌酶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "水痘-带状疱疹病毒侵犯的主要细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上皮细胞", "B": "白细胞", "C": "巨噬细胞", "D": "B细胞"}, "answer": "上皮细胞", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.胰头癌的首发症状(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性剧烈腹痛", "B": "上腹隐痛、不适", "C": "黄疸", "D": "发热"}, "answer": "上腹隐痛、不适", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于急性阑尾炎临床表现描述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝下区阑尾炎可刺激泌尿系统引起血尿", "B": "坏疽性阑尾炎呈持续性腹痛", "C": "阑尾穿孔后腹痛可暂时减轻,体温下降", "D": "出现轻度黄疸表明同时合并胆管结石"}, "answer": "坏疽性阑尾炎呈持续性腹痛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "立克次体感染宜选(  )。", "options": {"A": "四环素", "B": "链霉素", "C": "阿奇霉素", "D": "多黏菌素"}, "answer": "四环素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,80岁,突然出现头痛、呕吐、意识不清,血压200/120mmHg,右侧瞳孔大,左侧偏瘫。此时,最重要的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "降压治疗", "B": "外科手术", "C": "应用脱水剂", "D": "应用止血剂"}, "answer": "应用脱水剂", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心肌梗死患者心脏破裂最常见部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左房游离壁", "B": "室间隔", "C": "左室游离壁", "D": "右室游离壁"}, "answer": "左室游离壁", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "动作电位沿运动神经纤维传导抵达神经—肌接头部位时,轴突末梢释放ACh,使终板膜产生终板电位,然后在什么部位引发动作电位?(  )", "options": {"A": "肌细胞膜", "B": "横管膜", "C": "接头后膜", "D": "三联管膜"}, "answer": "肌细胞膜", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是急性胰腺炎引起休克的主要原因?(  )", "options": {"A": "用杜冷丁", "B": "神经源性", "C": "心肌损害", "D": "有效血容量不足"}, "answer": "有效血容量不足", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心动周期中室内压最高时,相当于(  )。", "options": {"A": "等容收缩期末", "B": "快速射血期末", "C": "等容舒张期末", "D": "缓慢射血期末"}, "answer": "快速射血期末", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "血浆胶体渗透压降低时会引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿少", "B": "组织液增多", "C": "红细胞萎缩", "D": "红细胞膨胀和破裂"}, "answer": "组织液增多", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,5岁,因发热、咳嗽1周,水肿、尿少5天入院。查体:全身明显浮肿,呈凹陷性,血压110/60mmHg。尿检:蛋白质(+++),红细胞5~7个/HP。血浆白蛋白23g/L,胆固醇9.2mmol/L。1.该患儿最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒性肾炎", "B": "单纯性肾病", "C": "肾炎性肾病", "D": "慢性肾炎"}, "answer": "单纯性肾病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "沿海某城镇,于9月、10月间发生一批症状类似的急性病人约200余人,多数为儿童及青少年,症状主要是短期发热,伴乏力、恶心、纳差,大部分病人有黄疸及肝肿大。血常规正常,尿蛋白阴性,血培养阴性。1.考虑该地区此次流行的疾病最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性甲型病毒性肝炎", "B": "急性乙型病毒性肝炎", "C": "急性戊型病毒性肝炎", "D": "伤寒"}, "answer": "急性甲型病毒性肝炎", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪一种物质是抗原?(  )", "options": {"A": "溶血素", "B": "青霉素", "C": "抗毒素", "D": "类毒素"}, "answer": "类毒素", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "用苯二氮卓(该字上半部为“草字头”;下半部为“卓”)类药物治疗焦虑症时,下述哪项说法错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "一般从小剂量开始", "B": "达最佳有效治疗量后维持6~8周后逐渐停药", "C": "停药过程不应少于2周,以防症状反跳", "D": "根据临床特点选用适当的药物"}, "answer": "达最佳有效治疗量后维持6~8周后逐渐停药", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,58岁,心悸、手抖3年,加重1个月。体检:P110次/分,BP 22/9kPa;消瘦,皮肤潮湿,甲状腺可触及,未闻血管杂音;颈静脉无怒张,心界不大,心率134次/分,律绝对不整,心音强弱不等,肺、腹(-),下肢不肿。1.该病人最可能的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "冠心病", "B": "老年退行性心脏病", "C": "扩张性心肌病", "D": "甲亢性心脏病"}, "answer": "甲亢性心脏病", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.经典条件反射(  )。", "options": {"A": "Rogers(罗杰斯)", "B": "Freud(弗洛伊德)", "C": "Skinner(斯金纳)", "D": "IvanPavlov(巴甫洛夫)"}, "answer": "IvanPavlov(巴甫洛夫)", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,50岁,因局部脓肿发生休克。经补足血容量,纠正酸中毒,血压、脉搏仍未好转,但无心衰现象,测中心静脉压为15cmH2O,其下一步治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用血管扩张剂", "B": "应用血管收缩剂", "C": "补充高渗盐溶液", "D": "给予小剂量糖皮质激素"}, "answer": "应用血管扩张剂", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "血源性肺脓肿最常见的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大肠杆菌", "B": "产气杆菌", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "D": "草绿色链球菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,45岁。体检发现血压150/96mmHg,心率80次/分,血糖8.0mmol/L,HbAlc 8.0%,血蛋白酶500μmol/L。1.该患者首选降压药(  )。", "options": {"A": "氢氯噻嗪", "B": "硝苯地平缓释片", "C": "依那普利", "D": "美托洛尔"}, "answer": "依那普利", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.贝克(  )。", "options": {"A": "行为主义学派", "B": "人本主义学派", "C": "认知学派", "D": "心理生理学派"}, "answer": "认知学派", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列食物成分进入十二指肠后,刺激胆囊收缩素分泌作用最强的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "电解质", "B": "碳水化合物", "C": "蛋白质", "D": "纤维素"}, "answer": "蛋白质", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1岁小儿正常的体格发育指标,以下错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体重9kg", "B": "身长75cm", "C": "腕部骨化中心2个", "D": "头围48cm"}, "answer": "头围48cm", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于神经性厌食症,下述哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "绝大多数为青少年女性", "B": "常具有强迫性人格", "C": "比平均体重值减轻40%以上", "D": "女性闭经,男性性功能减退"}, "answer": "比平均体重值减轻40%以上", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是再次应答中最重要的APC?(  )", "options": {"A": "DC", "B": "记忆性B细胞", "C": "记忆性T细胞", "D": "朗格汉斯细胞"}, "answer": "记忆性B细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "甲状腺肿大并出现Horner综合征时,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺腺瘤", "B": "甲状腺功能亢进症", "C": "甲状腺癌", "D": "单纯性甲状腺肿"}, "answer": "甲状腺癌", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,35岁,2个月来发热、乏力伴消瘦,左颈、两侧腋窝和腹股沟部位可触及数个黄豆和蚕豆大小淋巴结,脾肋下3cm,血象正常,血沉80mm/h,胸部X线检查阴性,肝区B超正常,淋巴结活检为混合细胞型,淋巴瘤分期为(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅱ期B", "B": "Ⅱ期A", "C": "Ⅲ期A", "D": "Ⅲ期B"}, "answer": "Ⅲ期B", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,45岁,诊断为巨大结节性甲状腺肿,在颈丛麻醉下行一侧甲状腺全切,另一侧甲状腺大部切除术,术后第2天突然发生窒息,面肌和手足持续性痉挛。1.此时首要的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "检查引流管通畅与否", "B": "拆除颈部切口缝线,检查有无积血", "C": "气管切开", "D": "立即静脉注射10%氯化钙20ml"}, "answer": "立即静脉注射10%氯化钙20ml", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.摇摆步态(  )。", "options": {"A": "肩关节脱位", "B": "髋关节前脱位", "C": "髋关节后上脱位", "D": "先天性髋关节脱位"}, "answer": "先天性髋关节脱位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "门脉性肝硬化形成假小叶,其病理特点不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝细胞排列紊乱", "B": "肝细胞可有双核出现", "C": "肝细胞可变性、坏死", "D": "小胆管闭塞、缺如"}, "answer": "肝细胞可有双核出现", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,26岁,1个月来,兴高采烈,话多,自觉思维敏捷“脑子特别灵”,“自己有超人才能”,整日忙碌不停,精力旺盛,爱表现自己,举止轻浮,好接近异性,食欲亢进,体重减轻,睡眠量减少,无疲倦感。2.该病人主要表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "明显的思维联想松散", "B": "一般无幻觉", "C": "紊乱性兴奋躁动", "D": "协调的精神运动性兴奋"}, "answer": "协调的精神运动性兴奋", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "6个月的小儿应完成哪些计划免疫?(  )", "options": {"A": "卡介苗、乙肝疫苗、脊髓灰质炎三价混合疫苗", "B": "卡介苗、乙肝疫苗、脊髓灰质炎三价混合疫苗、百白破混合制剂", "C": "乙肝疫苗、脊髓灰质炎三价混合疫苗、百白破混合制剂", "D": "卡介苗、脊髓灰质炎三价混合疫苗、百白破混合制剂"}, "answer": "卡介苗、乙肝疫苗、脊髓灰质炎三价混合疫苗、百白破混合制剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "易并发脓胸,脓气胸的肺炎是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸道合胞病毒", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "C": "支原体肺炎", "D": "衣原体肺炎"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "良性前列腺增生症(BPH)首次发生急性尿潴留,首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "导尿后保留导尿管", "B": "耻骨上膀胱造瘘术", "C": "急性前列腺摘除术", "D": "耻骨上膀胱穿刺抽出尿液"}, "answer": "导尿后保留导尿管", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.左心室内压最高是在(  )。", "options": {"A": "等容收缩期", "B": "快速射血期", "C": "减慢射血期", "D": "快速充盈期"}, "answer": "快速射血期", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.惟一能通过胎盘(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgG", "B": "IgM", "C": "IgE", "D": "IgD"}, "answer": "IgG", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "窦性心律的心电图表现必须具备(  )。", "options": {"A": "各导联均可见P波,P波在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、aVF、V5、V6导联应直立,在aVR导联应倒置,PR间期应≥0.12秒", "B": "各导联均可见P波,P波在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、aVF导联应倒置,在aVR导联应直立,PR间期<0.12秒", "C": "各导联可见倒置P波,PR间期>0.12秒", "D": "各导联P波均直立"}, "answer": "各导联均可见P波,P波在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、aVF、V5、V6导联应直立,在aVR导联应倒置,PR间期应≥0.12秒", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "阑尾切除术最常见的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "粪瘘", "B": "腹腔脓肿", "C": "切口感染", "D": "便秘"}, "answer": "切口感染", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "骨关节结核病人需要手术病灶清除时,应(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即手术", "B": "术前至少抗结核治疗2~4周", "C": "先做手术,然后立即开始抗结核治疗", "D": "死骨形成后再手术"}, "answer": "术前至少抗结核治疗2~4周", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,18岁,学生,近1年来出现反复洗手,每次洗手时间可达30min,对做过的题目不放心,反复检查,以致耽搁考试时间,明知无需如此,却不能自控,为此苦恼不堪,当被阻止其洗手或检查时,即出现烦躁不安。2.该病人的症状属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "强迫性观念、强迫性动作", "B": "情绪不稳定", "C": "强制性思维", "D": "被动体验"}, "answer": "强迫性观念、强迫性动作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.属DNA病毒是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙型肝炎病毒", "B": "丙型肝炎病毒", "C": "丁型肝炎病毒", "D": "戊型肝炎病毒"}, "answer": "乙型肝炎病毒", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,12岁。因畏寒、发热、咽痛两天由母陪同就医。诊断:急性扁桃体炎。绐青霉素等治疗。皮试(-)。注射青霉素后,患者刚走出医院约10米,顿觉心前不适,面色苍白,冷汗如注,母立即抱女返回医院。测血压6.67/4kPa(50/30mmHg)。诊断:青霉素过敏性休克。当即给地塞米松等一系列治疗措施,还应给下述哪种药物抢救?(  )", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素", "B": "异丙肾上腺素", "C": "多巴胺", "D": "间羟胺"}, "answer": "肾上腺素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "局麻药的局麻作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "促进Cl-内流,使神经细胞膜产生超极化", "B": "阻碍Na+内流,抑制神经细胞膜去极化", "C": "阻碍K+外流,使神经细胞膜产生超极化", "D": "促进K+内流,阻碍神经细胞膜去极化"}, "answer": "阻碍Na+内流,抑制神经细胞膜去极化", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,41岁。刀刺伤右上腹1小时来诊,腹腔穿刺抽出不凝血,急诊手术探查。正确的腹腔探查顺序是首先探查(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃、十二指肠", "B": "胃后壁及胰腺", "C": "右肾", "D": "肝脏"}, "answer": "肝脏", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "处理颅内压增高,哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "限制输液量及速度", "B": "频繁呕吐时宜禁食", "C": "便秘4天以上给予高位、高压灌肠", "D": "早期行病因治疗"}, "answer": "便秘4天以上给予高位、高压灌肠", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为药物依赖最主要的表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "对药物强烈的渴求", "B": "躯体依赖", "C": "精神依赖", "D": "服药后获得的特殊快感"}, "answer": "对药物强烈的渴求", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "妊娠90天,需终止妊娠,下列哪项是最常用的方法?(  )", "options": {"A": "钳刮术", "B": "负压吸引术", "C": "天花粉肌内注射", "D": "雷凡诺尔羊膜腔内注射"}, "answer": "钳刮术", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "9个月婴儿,近1个月夜惊、睡眠差、多汗、烦躁,运动发育迟,刚会坐,不能爬。查体:前囟大,方颅,有哈氏沟及串珠。1.为了确定诊断应做的血化验(  )。", "options": {"A": "血离子钾、镁", "B": "血糖", "C": "血的酸碱度", "D": "血钙、磷及碱性磷酸酶"}, "answer": "血钙、磷及碱性磷酸酶", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.占总能量的12%~15%(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋白质", "B": "碳水化合物", "C": "维生素", "D": "水"}, "answer": "蛋白质", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "钩端螺旋体病的主要流行季节是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1~3月", "B": "4~5月", "C": "6~10月", "D": "11~12月"}, "answer": "6~10月", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.金葡菌产生(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠毒素", "B": "神经毒素", "C": "细胞毒素", "D": "红疹毒素"}, "answer": "肠毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "25岁,男性,春季,主诉寒战,高热,剧烈头痛1天,呕吐3次,查体:神志清楚,体温39.8℃,颈强直(+),皮肤有瘀点,咽部充血,心肺腹无异常,克氏征阴性,血白细胞20×109/L,中性粒85%,腰穿:脑脊液米汤样,细胞数3000×106/L,中性80%,糖1.12mmol/L。3.最有效的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素G", "B": "环丙沙星", "C": "氯霉素", "D": "庆大霉素"}, "answer": "青霉素G", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,6个月,咳喘3天入院,下午突然喘憋加重,口唇发绀,鼻翼扇动。查体:呼吸80次/分,三凹征阳性,两肺闻及广泛哮鸣音,右肺底闻及少许小水泡音。血白细胞4.0×109/L,淋巴细胞占0.6。胸部正位片,见少量点片状影及肺气肿。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎链球菌肺炎", "B": "腺病毒肺炎", "C": "合胞病毒肺炎", "D": "哮喘性支气管炎"}, "answer": "合胞病毒肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某一女性患者,半年前人工流产后月经淋漓不断,现咳嗽、咳血入院,住院后,3个月死亡,尸检发现,左肺下叶圆形病灶为大片红染坏死物,周边有滋养层细胞,异型性显著。应诊为(  )。", "options": {"A": "绒毛膜癌", "B": "绒毛膜癌,肺转移", "C": "葡萄胎", "D": "肺癌转移"}, "answer": "绒毛膜癌,肺转移", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "发生医疗纠纷需进行尸检的,尸检时间应在死后(  )。", "options": {"A": "24小时内", "B": "36小时内", "C": "48小时内", "D": "72小时内"}, "answer": "48小时内", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.一个毛囊及其所属皮质腺的急性化脓性感染(  )。", "options": {"A": "疖", "B": "痈", "C": "急性蜂窝组织炎", "D": "淋巴管炎"}, "answer": "疖", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于遗传信息的储存和表达的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "DNA是遗传信息的体现者,蛋白质是遗传物质", "B": "DNA是遗传物质,蛋白质是遗传信息的体现者", "C": "DNA与蛋白质均是遗传物质", "D": "RNA是遗传物质,DNA和蛋白质是遗传信息的体现者"}, "answer": "DNA是遗传物质,蛋白质是遗传信息的体现者", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不发生于颈侧区的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸腺咽管囊肿", "B": "颈动脉体瘤", "C": "血管瘤", "D": "甲状舌管囊肿"}, "answer": "甲状舌管囊肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "妊娠10周后,雌激素的主要来源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫平滑肌", "B": "胎儿胎盘单位", "C": "卵巢黄体", "D": "胎儿合体滋养细胞"}, "answer": "胎儿胎盘单位", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "通常所说的血型是指下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "红细胞膜上的受体类型", "B": "红细胞膜上凝集素的类型", "C": "红细胞膜上凝集原的类型", "D": "血浆中凝集素的类型"}, "answer": "红细胞膜上凝集原的类型", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "足月儿,胎吸助娩,生后窒息,转入儿科36小时一直嗜睡,偶吐,左顶部有血肿,前囟3cm×3cm,颅缝略宽。2.确诊首选检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "头颅CT", "B": "血糖", "C": "血电解质", "D": "脑脊液"}, "answer": "头颅CT", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "人工地增加离体神经纤维浸浴液中的K+浓度,则该神经纤维静息电位的绝对值和动作电位的幅度将产生下列哪种变化?(  )", "options": {"A": "均增大", "B": "均减小", "C": "前者增大后者减小", "D": "前者减小后者增大"}, "answer": "均减小", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "年幼儿上呼吸道感染易合并卡他性中耳炎,发病机理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小儿喉部呈漏斗型,感染不容易向下,故向周围蔓延", "B": "血行播散", "C": "咽鼓管较宽、直而短,呈水平位", "D": "上呼吸道IgA分泌"}, "answer": "咽鼓管较宽、直而短,呈水平位", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "为预防甲亢术后出现甲状腺危象,最关键的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "术后用冬眠合剂镇静", "B": "术后给予氢化可的松", "C": "术后补钙", "D": "术前使基础代谢率降至正常范围"}, "answer": "术前使基础代谢率降至正常范围", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.T细胞具备对各种抗原的特异性细胞免疫应答能力的胎龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "10周", "B": "20周", "C": "30周", "D": "40周"}, "answer": "40周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,50岁。晨起大便时突然出现剧烈头痛、恶心呕吐、低热及畏光症状,2小时后右侧上睑下垂,意识朦胧,急诊来院。4.最可能的初步诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑瘤", "B": "蛛网膜下腔出血", "C": "脑脓肿", "D": "脑梗塞"}, "answer": "蛛网膜下腔出血", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "左心衰竭首先引起的病理改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "槟榔肝", "B": "海蛇头", "C": "动脉缺血", "D": "肺瘀血、水肿"}, "answer": "肺瘀血、水肿", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列肿瘤中哪项属于良性肿瘤?(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经母细胞瘤", "B": "葡萄胎", "C": "骨髓瘤", "D": "无性细胞瘤"}, "answer": "葡萄胎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "随境转移主要发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "神经衰弱", "C": "疑病症", "D": "躁狂症"}, "answer": "躁狂症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "宫颈早期浸润癌是指宫颈上皮癌变,癌组织(  )。", "options": {"A": "达基底膜", "B": "累及宫体内膜腺体", "C": "穿透基底膜,深度<5mm", "D": "穿透基底膜至浅肌层"}, "answer": "穿透基底膜,深度<5mm", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "CD3和CD4抗原存在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "所有外周淋巴细胞", "B": "THl和TH2", "C": "TS和TC", "D": "THl和TC"}, "answer": "THl和TH2", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有补体参与的变态反应性疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管哮喘", "B": "青霉素引起的休克", "C": "粒细胞减少症", "D": "荨麻疹"}, "answer": "粒细胞减少症", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述疾病中,早期治疗预后最好的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺皮质增生", "B": "异源ACTH综合征", "C": "不依赖ACTH的双侧小结节增生", "D": "肾上腺皮质腺瘤"}, "answer": "肾上腺皮质腺瘤", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.重度脱水(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神可,眼窝无凹陷,皮肤弹性可,尿量无明显减少", "B": "烦躁不安,眼窝明显凹陷,皮肤弹性可,哭泪少,尿量可", "C": "精神萎靡,昏睡,眼窝深陷,皮肤弹性极差,无尿", "D": "精神稍差,眼窝稍凹陷,皮肤弹性可,尿稍少"}, "answer": "精神萎靡,昏睡,眼窝深陷,皮肤弹性极差,无尿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,21岁。右大腿下端肿痛2个月,查体:T 30.9℃,P 85次/分,R 18次/分,BP 110/60mmHg。双肺呼吸音清,未闻及杂音,腹软,无压痛,未触及包块。右下腿下端肿胀、压痛。X线检查示股骨下端有界限不清的骨质破坏区,骨膜增生放射状阴影。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓炎", "B": "骨结核", "C": "骨转移瘤", "D": "骨肉瘤"}, "answer": "骨肉瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一新生儿生后不哭,四肢青紫,心率90次/分,对刺激无反应,下肢伸直。1.该患儿Apgar评分(  )。", "options": {"A": "2分", "B": "4分", "C": "6分", "D": "8分"}, "answer": "2分", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,35岁。G2P1,停经70天,下腹隐痛,阴道不规则流血6天,子宫达脐水平,尿hCG(+)。2.随访中无需进行的常规检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "hCG定量测定", "B": "月经规律", "C": "定期B超检查", "D": "定期性激素水平测定"}, "answer": "定期性激素水平测定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "合成VLDL的主要场所为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾脏", "B": "肝脏", "C": "小肠黏膜", "D": "血浆"}, "answer": "肝脏", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是治疗脑水肿的首选药?(  )", "options": {"A": "甘露醇", "B": "呋塞米", "C": "氯噻嗪", "D": "氢氯噻嗪"}, "answer": "甘露醇", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿因脑积水颅内压增高,入院后,突然出现剧烈头痛,呕吐后昏迷,此时最有效的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急行气管切开术", "B": "立即行侧脑室穿刺引流术", "C": "高压氧治疗", "D": "急行开颅去骨瓣减压术"}, "answer": "立即行侧脑室穿刺引流术", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.脂肪酸合成酶系存在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "胞液", "B": "胞液和内质网", "C": "胞液和线粒体", "D": "内质网和线粒体"}, "answer": "胞液", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "脊柱骨折病人在搬运过程中,最正确的体位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "侧卧位", "B": "仰卧屈曲位", "C": "仰卧过伸位", "D": "半坐卧位"}, "answer": "仰卧过伸位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "甲状腺功能亢进诊断主要依靠(  )。", "options": {"A": "临床表现", "B": "甲状腺扫描", "C": "放射性碘摄取试验", "D": "PBI(血清蛋白结合碘)测定"}, "answer": "临床表现", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "胸腰椎Chance骨折是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "不稳定性爆裂型骨折", "B": "脊柱屈曲牵拉性损伤", "C": "椎体水平状撕裂型损伤", "D": "单纯性楔形压缩性骨折"}, "answer": "椎体水平状撕裂型损伤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4个月婴儿,发热,咳嗽2天,嗜睡,反复惊厥半天。查体:精神差,前囟膨隆,两肺可闻及中小水泡音,颈无抵抗,双巴氏征阳性。1.不可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "化脓性脑膜炎", "B": "中毒性脑病", "C": "高热惊厥", "D": "结核性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "高热惊厥", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "为确定肝脓肿穿刺点或手术引流路径,首选的辅助检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部X线平片", "B": "B超", "C": "CT", "D": "肝动脉造影"}, "answer": "B超", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.哪项是青霉素G抗菌的作用机制?(  )", "options": {"A": "破坏细菌细胞膜结构", "B": "干扰细菌蛋白质合成", "C": "抑制细菌细胞壁粘肽合成", "D": "抑制细菌DNA螺旋酶"}, "answer": "抑制细菌细胞壁粘肽合成", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.治疗急性淋巴细胞白血病首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲氨蝶呤", "B": "DA方案", "C": "阿霉素", "D": "VP方案"}, "answer": "VP方案", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列不符合B细胞表位特性的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "表位受体是BCR", "B": "仅为线性表位", "C": "属天然表位", "D": "无需MHC分子"}, "answer": "仅为线性表位", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某地区在1个月内对居民进行了是否有糖尿病的普查,可计算当地居民糖尿病的(  )。", "options": {"A": "发病率", "B": "死亡率", "C": "患病率", "D": "二代发病率"}, "answer": "患病率", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "结、直肠手术口服肠道制菌药物应在术前(  )。", "options": {"A": "1天", "B": "2~3天", "C": "7~8天", "D": "9~lO天"}, "answer": "2~3天", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,40岁,体重60kg,因食管癌进食困难1月余。主诉:乏力、极度口渴、尿少而色深。检查:血压、体温均正常,眼窝凹陷,唇、舌干燥,皮肤弹性差。1.该病人的水、电解质失衡,诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "重度高渗性脱水", "B": "中度高渗性脱水", "C": "轻度高渗性脱水", "D": "等渗性脱水"}, "answer": "中度高渗性脱水", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "阿司匹体的抗栓机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制磷脂酶A2,使TXA2合成减少", "B": "抑制环氧酶,使TXA2合成减少", "C": "抑制TxA2合成酶,使TXA2合成减少", "D": "抑制脂氧酶,使TXA2合成减少"}, "answer": "抑制环氧酶,使TXA2合成减少", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,53岁,10年前出现情绪低落与情感高涨交替出现,情绪低落时表现为早醒、闷闷不乐、不思饮食,对事物失去兴趣,足不出户,轻生念头明显,持续2~3个月后,突然转为话多、兴奋、整日忙忙碌碌、四处购物、爱交际、自感精力充沛,才智过人,持续1月后,再次转为情绪低落,如此反复。体检及神经系统无异常。4.碳酸锂早期副作用表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "恶心呕吐,腹泻", "B": "持续多尿,烦渴", "C": "甲状腺肿大", "D": "心电图低钾样改变"}, "answer": "恶心呕吐,腹泻", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,40岁,扛重物时突然出现颈部疼痛,继之四肢瘫痪。查体:神志清,脑神经正常,双上肢弛缓性瘫痪,双下肢痉挛性瘫痪。最可能的病变部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中脑", "B": "高位颈髓", "C": "颈膨大", "D": "胸髓"}, "answer": "颈膨大", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "发生结核性胸腔积液的患者,首要处理原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "积极控制感染", "B": "注入滑石粉", "C": "外科手术", "D": "尽快抽尽胸腔积液"}, "answer": "尽快抽尽胸腔积液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "苯海索治疗帕金森病的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "补充纹状体中多巴胺的不足", "B": "激动多巴胺受体", "C": "兴奋中枢胆碱受体", "D": "阻断中枢胆碱受体"}, "answer": "阻断中枢胆碱受体", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "特殊类型上感疱疹性咽峡炎的病原菌为(  )。", "options": {"A": "合胞病毒", "B": "柯萨奇A组病毒", "C": "腺病毒3型", "D": "鼻病毒"}, "answer": "腺病毒3型", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.上运动神经元是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内囊", "B": "中央前回Betz细胞", "C": "基底神经节", "D": "小脑"}, "answer": "中央前回Betz细胞", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.当患者要求住院医师开具精神药品时,该医师应当遵循的伦理要求是(  )。", "options": {"A": "严守法规", "B": "公正分配", "C": "合理配伍", "D": "对症下药"}, "answer": "严守法规", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于硝酸甘油,哪项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "能加快心率", "B": "主要扩张静脉", "C": "增加室壁张力", "D": "可治疗顽固性心衰"}, "answer": "增加室壁张力", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.老年男性泌尿系梗阻常见原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结石、损伤、肿瘤或结核", "B": "盆腔内疾病", "C": "先天性畸形", "D": "前列腺增生症"}, "answer": "前列腺增生症", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪一项不符合震颤麻痹的症状?(  )", "options": {"A": "随意运动减少", "B": "全身肌肉强直", "C": "体位不稳,走路呈“慌张步态”", "D": "可导致瘫痪"}, "answer": "可导致瘫痪", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,40岁,患糖尿病10余年,尿蛋白阴性,近1个月感下腹部胀,排尿不畅伴尿失禁。B超声显示“膀胱扩大,尿潴留”。其原因应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖尿病自主(植物)神经病变", "B": "糖尿病合并泌尿系感染", "C": "糖尿病肾病", "D": "糖尿病合并泌尿系结石"}, "answer": "糖尿病自主(植物)神经病变", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "低渗性脱水引起体液容量的变化为(  )。", "options": {"A": "血浆、组织间液都减少,以血浆减少为主", "B": "血浆、组织间液都减少,以组织间液减少为主", "C": "只有组织间液减少", "D": "以血液浓缩为主"}, "answer": "血浆、组织间液都减少,以组织间液减少为主", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.淋巴结结核属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "干酪样坏死", "B": "坏疽", "C": "纤维素样坏死", "D": "液化性坏死"}, "answer": "干酪样坏死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.核酸杂交是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "不同的核酸链经变性处理,它们之间形成局部的双链", "B": "双链DNA解链成单链DNA", "C": "单链:DNA恢复成双链DNA", "D": "50%双链DNA变性时的温度"}, "answer": "不同的核酸链经变性处理,它们之间形成局部的双链", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "上述哪项不是心理咨询的基本手段?(  )", "options": {"A": "领悟", "B": "宣泄", "C": "帮助选择和决定", "D": "增强自信心"}, "answer": "帮助选择和决定", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,40岁。恶心、呕吐、尿色变深2天。既往无肝炎病史。查体:巩膜黄染,肝肋下2cm。实验室检查:ALT 800U/L,TBil 60μmol/L,抗-HAV IgM(-),HBsAg(+),抗-HBs(-),抗-HBc IgM(+)。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性甲型肝炎", "B": "急性肝炎,HBsAg携带者", "C": "乙型肝炎恢复期", "D": "急性乙型肝炎"}, "answer": "急性乙型肝炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.分子量最大(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgG", "B": "IgM", "C": "IgD", "D": "IgE"}, "answer": "IgM", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "风湿病时,炎症性增生的病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉管壁黏液变性", "B": "心肌间风湿小结形成", "C": "心内膜炎疣状赘生物生成", "D": "心外膜呈绒毛状"}, "answer": "心肌间风湿小结形成", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "9岁男孩,眼睑浮肿4天,伴头痛,眼花,尿呈深茶色2天入院。2周前曾患扁桃体炎,经用青霉素治愈。3.如果此患儿出现呼吸困难,颈静脉怒张,吐粉红色泡沫痰,两肺满布湿啰音,错误的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "严格限制水、钠入量", "B": "静滴硝普钠", "C": "快速洋地黄化", "D": "腹膜透析"}, "answer": "快速洋地黄化", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心脏病孕妇最容易发生心力衰竭的时期是(  )。", "options": {"A": "妊娠24~26周", "B": "妊娠26~28周", "C": "妊娠30~32周", "D": "妊娠32~34周"}, "answer": "妊娠32~34周", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "较少出现焦虑症状的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺机能亢进", "B": "高血压", "C": "药物依赖戒断", "D": "慢性精神分裂症"}, "answer": "慢性精神分裂症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "降钙素的主要靶器官是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状旁腺", "B": "肾脏", "C": "胃肠道", "D": "骨"}, "answer": "骨", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.《医疗事故处理条例》规定,残疾生活补助费应根据伤残等级,自定残之月起最长赔偿(  )。", "options": {"A": "5年", "B": "10年", "C": "15年", "D": "30年"}, "answer": "30年", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,48岁,肝硬化5年。近1年来明显腹胀,尿少,食欲下降,下肢水肿,遂来我院。查体:一般情况差,腹膨隆,可见腹壁静脉曲张,移动性浊音阳性。2.腹壁静脉曲张血流方向应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脐上静脉血流向上,脐下血流向下", "B": "脐上静脉血流向下,脐下血流向上", "C": "脐上静脉血流向上,脐下血流向上", "D": "以上都不对"}, "answer": "脐上静脉血流向上,脐下血流向下", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.上述哪项是心肌自律性最高的部位(  )。", "options": {"A": "窦房结", "B": "心房肌", "C": "心室肌", "D": "浦肯野纤维"}, "answer": "窦房结", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.应用转化、转染技术(  )。", "options": {"A": "外源基因与载体拼接", "B": "重组DNA分子导入受体细胞", "C": "筛选含有重组分子的受体细胞", "D": "表达目的基因编码的蛋白质"}, "answer": "重组DNA分子导入受体细胞", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于无症状的室性期前收缩患者采取的治疗措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "定期复查", "B": "去除诱因和病因", "C": "手术射频", "D": "冠脉支架治疗"}, "answer": "去除诱因和病因", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿10岁,发育正常,无明显症状。听诊于胸骨左缘第2、3肋间闻及2级收缩期杂音,心电图显示右心室肥厚及不完全性右束支传导阻滞。本病例诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "法洛四联症", "B": "肺动脉狭窄", "C": "室间隔缺损", "D": "房间隔缺损"}, "answer": "房间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "局灶性肺结核的基本病理变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺尖单个或多个病灶,以增生为主,中央为干酪样坏死", "B": "纤维包裹的境界分明的干酪样坏死灶2~5cm", "C": "一个或多个厚壁空洞", "D": "肺泡有纤维素渗出,广泛的干酪样坏死"}, "answer": "肺尖单个或多个病灶,以增生为主,中央为干酪样坏死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性患者,78岁,胆囊切除术后第2天,自觉憋气、痰多、发热、腹痛。查:心率100次/分,心电图无特殊发现,白细胞17×109/L。3.最关键的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "给西地兰", "B": "协助患者排痰", "C": "给予硝酸甘油", "D": "给予利尿剂"}, "answer": "协助患者排痰", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "弥漫性膜性增生性肾小球肾炎时,增生的细胞主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球壁层细胞和系膜细胞", "B": "肾小球系膜细胞和基质", "C": "肾小球的系膜细胞和系膜基质高度增生", "D": "肾小球各种细胞均有明显增生"}, "answer": "肾小球的系膜细胞和系膜基质高度增生", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "戊型肝炎病毒的主要传播途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血液传播", "B": "消化道传播", "C": "经呼吸道传播", "D": "医源性传播"}, "answer": "消化道传播", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项不予医师执业注册?(  )", "options": {"A": "受刑事处罚,刑罚执行完毕之日起不满三年或者受吊销医师执业证书行政处罚,自处罚之日起不满二年的", "B": "受刑事处罚、刑罚执行完毕之日起不满二年或者受吊销医师执业证书行政处罚,自处罚之日起不满三年的", "C": "受刑事处罚、刑罚执行完毕之日起不满二年或者受吊销医师执业证书行政处罚,自处罚之日起不满二年的", "D": "受吊销医师执业证书行政处罚自处罚之日起不满三年的"}, "answer": "受刑事处罚、刑罚执行完毕之日起不满二年或者受吊销医师执业证书行政处罚,自处罚之日起不满二年的", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "28岁初产妇,孕39周,规律宫缩5小时,胎心146次/分。查胎头跨耻征阳性,这一结果不会出现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎膜早破", "B": "病理缩复环", "C": "第二产程延长", "D": "胎头衔接"}, "answer": "胎头衔接", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列疾病中最少发生急性肝衰竭的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "药物性肝病", "B": "慢性乙型肝炎", "C": "右半肝切除术后", "D": "非酒精性脂肪性肝病"}, "answer": "非酒精性脂肪性肝病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "26岁初产妇,足月顺产,产后2天起床后突然剧烈右下腹痛伴恶心、呕吐。妊娠期间曾右下腹痛发作2次。经翻身活动后疼痛减轻。检查:T 37.5℃,P 100次/min,宫底脐下一指,子宫右侧可触及拳头大小包块,压痛明显。应首先考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性化脓性输卵管炎", "B": "子宫浆膜下肌瘤变性", "C": "卵巢肿物蒂扭转", "D": "双角子宫"}, "answer": "卵巢肿物蒂扭转", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在保护病人隐私时不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "患者不愿让他人知道的个人行为,要求绝对保密", "B": "患者不愿让他人知道的家庭生活,要求绝对保密", "C": "患者不愿让他人知道的不良诊断,要求绝对保密", "D": "患者不愿让他人知道的艾滋病病情,要求绝对保密"}, "answer": "患者不愿让他人知道的艾滋病病情,要求绝对保密", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "16岁女孩,左小腿上段肿胀疼痛半年,近1个月来肿胀明显,夜间痛明显。查体:左胫骨上端肿胀严重,压痛明显,浅静脉怒张,扪及一6cm×7cm硬性肿块,固定,边界不清。X线片示左胫骨上段呈虫蚀状溶骨性破坏,骨膜反应明显,可见Codman三角。3.最佳治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯化疗", "B": "单纯放疗", "C": "根治性切除术,术前后化疗", "D": "刮除骨水泥充填术,术前后化疗"}, "answer": "根治性切除术,术前后化疗", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医师在执业活动中违反技术操作规范,造成严重后果的,给予警告或者责令暂停执业活动(  )。", "options": {"A": "6个月至1.5年", "B": "6个月至1年", "C": "1~1.5年", "D": "1~2年"}, "answer": "6个月至1年", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有一名60岁女性患者,2个半月前有车祸头受伤史,当时有一过性意识障碍,伤后头痛,逐渐好转。近半个月又出现头痛,越来越重。头颅CT示右额颞顶低密度新月状影像,脑室中线受压移位。3.术后哪一项处理是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "给予抗生素预防感染", "B": "20%甘露醇250ml静脉滴注", "C": "支持疗法", "D": "头痛可给予镇痛药物"}, "answer": "20%甘露醇250ml静脉滴注", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎增生的细胞为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球球囊壁层上皮细胞", "B": "肾小球系膜细胞和内皮细胞", "C": "肾小球内皮细胞", "D": "肾小球系膜细胞"}, "answer": "肾小球系膜细胞和内皮细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在Ab产生的一般规律中,下列哪项是初次应答产生最早,具有早期诊断价值的Ig?(  )", "options": {"A": "sIgA", "B": "IgM", "C": "IgG", "D": "IgE"}, "answer": "IgM", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "风湿性疾病指(  )。", "options": {"A": "累及关节及周围软组织的一大类疾病", "B": "病毒感染的一类疾病", "C": "过敏性疾病", "D": "血尿酸增高的一组疾病"}, "answer": "累及关节及周围软组织的一大类疾病", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "蜘蛛痣的常见部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上胸部", "B": "上腹部", "C": "臀部", "D": "大腿"}, "answer": "上胸部", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "5.以失眠、头痛、情绪不稳、疲乏、注意力不集中为主要表现,实验室检查多无异常发现(  )。", "options": {"A": "Wernick脑病", "B": "戒断综合征", "C": "脑震荡后综合征", "D": "Korsakoff综合征"}, "answer": "脑震荡后综合征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "延缓普鲁卡因局部吸收的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素", "B": "异丙肾上腺素", "C": "胰岛素", "D": "庆大霉素"}, "answer": "肾上腺素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,25岁。低热2周。查体:气管不偏,右侧胸部呼吸运动减弱,右下肺触觉语颤正常,叩诊呈浊音,肺泡呼吸音减低,未闻及湿啰音,左肺未见异常。1.根据患者的右侧胸部体征。可诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸腔积液", "B": "胸膜增厚伴粘连", "C": "肺大疱", "D": "气胸"}, "answer": "胸膜增厚伴粘连", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在计划生育工作中,应提倡以下列哪项为主?(  )", "options": {"A": "避孕", "B": "绝育", "C": "生殖技术", "D": "思想教育"}, "answer": "避孕", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "吗啡的适应证是(  )。", "options": {"A": "分娩止痛", "B": "心源性哮喘", "C": "颅脑外伤止痛", "D": "支气管哮喘"}, "answer": "心源性哮喘", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "35岁,女性,疲乏、晕、肝区不适,肝肿大,肝功能显示血清转氨酶升高,HBsAg、HBeAg、HBcAg均为阳性,临床诊断为乙型肝炎。2.此病人不易从事的行业是(  )。", "options": {"A": "饮水、饮食业", "B": "建筑业", "C": "机械制造业", "D": "工商管理等"}, "answer": "饮水、饮食业", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "25岁男性,一天前被车撞伤,右下肢不能行走。拍片示:右股骨上段骨折,右胫腓骨未骨折,查体可见小腿肿胀、淤血,现右足皮温低,足趾发凉,感觉减退,疼痛不明显,急需如何处理(  )。", "options": {"A": "右股骨干骨折切开复位内固定", "B": "右跟骨骨牵引", "C": "右小腿切开减压", "D": "右小腿外固定架固定"}, "answer": "右小腿切开减压", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项符合二度Ⅰ型房室传导阻滞的心电图表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "P-P间期及R-R间期均不等", "B": "包含受阻P波在内的R-R间期小于正常P-P间期的两倍", "C": "最常见的传导比例为2:1", "D": "受阻P波前的一个P-R间期延长"}, "answer": "包含受阻P波在内的R-R间期小于正常P-P间期的两倍", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "最常见的甲状腺癌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳头状癌", "B": "滤泡状癌", "C": "梭状细胞癌", "D": "巨细胞癌"}, "answer": "乳头状癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "用雄激素治疗再生障碍性贫血,下列选项中错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "雄激素可刺激骨髓造血", "B": "对慢性再障疗效较好", "C": "对重型再障无效", "D": "在用药1个月后生效"}, "answer": "在用药1个月后生效", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "与免疫调节无关的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体内产生过高或过低浓度的IgG抗体", "B": "胸腺细胞的增殖", "C": "体内抑制性T细胞的存在", "D": "HLA分子"}, "answer": "胸腺细胞的增殖", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2岁以内乳牙的数目约为(  )。", "options": {"A": "月龄减6~8", "B": "月龄减4~6", "C": "月龄减8~10", "D": "月龄减10~12"}, "answer": "月龄减4~6", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,20岁。1个月前因工作差错被领导批评后出现心情烦躁,经常哭泣,认为自己没有能力,什么事情都干不好,周围人的眼神不怀好意,看她笑话。失眠,早醒。近1周病情加重,觉得生不如死,在家中拒食等死。2.入院治疗1个月后,情绪好转,在病室中经常哼哼小曲,好管闲事,看不起其他患者,喜欢指责他人,精力旺盛,睡眠减少。该患者当前最可能的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "躁狂发作", "B": "病情加重", "C": "病情复燃", "D": "病情缓解"}, "answer": "躁狂发作", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "手外伤病人术后应固定的姿势是(  )。", "options": {"A": "功能位", "B": "休息位", "C": "保护位", "D": "手指伸直位"}, "answer": "功能位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "甲状腺大部切除后48小时内,需注意最危急的并发症为(  )。", "options": {"A": "喉返神经单侧损伤", "B": "呼吸困难和窒息", "C": "甲状腺危象", "D": "手足抽搐"}, "answer": "呼吸困难和窒息", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于细胞凋亡,下列叙述中哪项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "凋亡见于许多生理和病理过程", "B": "发生单个细胞死亡或小灶性细胞死亡", "C": "可见凋亡小体", "D": "凋亡是由酶解作用所致"}, "answer": "凋亡是由酶解作用所致", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,24岁,既往健康,午睡时出现口角歪斜。查体:左额纹浅,Bell征阳性,左鼻唇沟浅,舌伸居中,其他无异常。应首先采用的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素", "B": "激素", "C": "针灸", "D": "维生素"}, "answer": "激素", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "传染病的病原学检查不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "检测特异性核酸", "B": "检测特异性抗原", "C": "直接检查病原体", "D": "检测特异性抗体"}, "answer": "检测特异性抗体", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性血源性骨髓炎好发年龄应该是(  )。", "options": {"A": "婴幼儿", "B": "少年", "C": "中壮年", "D": "老年"}, "answer": "少年", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "重度营养不良患儿调整饮食,开始供给热量应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "20~30kcal/(kg·d)", "B": "40~60kcal/(kg·d)", "C": "120~140kcal/(kg·d)", "D": ">140kcal/(kg·d)"}, "answer": "40~60kcal/(kg·d)", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,35岁。突感上腹部剧痛。检查:血压130/80mmHg,脉搏120次/分,板状腹,肠鸣音消失。血红蛋白120g/L,血白细胞数8.0×109/L。3.若腹穿抽出较多液体,应尽早采取的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "再次穿刺", "B": "足量应用抗生素", "C": "输液、纠正水电解质和酸碱失衡", "D": "手术探查"}, "answer": "手术探查", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,35岁,颈前区肿块10年,近年来易出汗、心悸,渐感呼吸困难。体检:晨起心率104次/分,BP 120/60mmHg;无突眼,甲状腺Ⅲ度肿大,结节状,心电图示窦性心律不齐。1.初步诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发性甲亢", "B": "继发性甲亢", "C": "桥本甲状腺炎", "D": "亚急性甲状腺炎"}, "answer": "继发性甲亢", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对精神分裂症最具诊断价值的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性发病", "B": "人格改变", "C": "情绪低落", "D": "妄想知觉"}, "answer": "妄想知觉", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性白血病患者,染色体检查发现t(15;17),可诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "ALL", "B": "AML-M3", "C": "CML", "D": "AML-M2"}, "answer": "AML-M3", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述蛋白质分子中不存在的氨基酸是(  )。", "options": {"A": "羟赖氨酸", "B": "鸟氨酸", "C": "脯氨酸", "D": "组氨酸"}, "answer": "鸟氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不符合继发性三叉神经痛的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可见于原发性或转移性颅底肿瘤", "B": "常无其他脑神经麻痹", "C": "双侧三叉神经痛应高度怀疑多发性硬化症", "D": "角膜反射迟钝应高度怀疑本病的可能"}, "answer": "常无其他脑神经麻痹", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于普萘洛尔的叙述,下述哪项是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "口服难吸收,生物利用度低", "B": "有内在拟交感活性", "C": "可用于哮喘病患者", "D": "血药浓度个体差异大"}, "answer": "血药浓度个体差异大", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,8个月,因发热2次,抽搐2次,伴呕吐,吃奶量减少,喜哭,易怒就诊。母乳喂养。查体:精神差,前囟饱满,心肺腹无异常发现,肌张力增高,脑脊液检查:外观混浊,白细胞1000×106/L,中性粒细胞为主,糖1mmol/L,氯化物107mmol/L,蛋白质2.0g/L。7.明确诊断后,首选的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ABVD方案化疗", "B": "VDLP方案化疗", "C": "给予大剂量糖皮质激素", "D": "CHOP方案化疗"}, "answer": "VDLP方案化疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.男,30岁,一年前因有幻听和迫害妄想医生给服用此药(  )。", "options": {"A": "左旋多巴", "B": "米帕明", "C": "哌替啶", "D": "氯丙嗪"}, "answer": "氯丙嗪", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,28岁,1年前与丈夫离婚后,经常失眠伴头痛,近3个月来无原因的认为邻居指桑骂槐的议论她;走在街上,感到路人用别样眼光看她,行人的咳嗽、吐痰举动都是针对她的,认为家中被安装了监视器,自己的一举一动都被监视了,为此不思饮食,有自杀念头。体检及神经系统无异常。2.根据以上精神症状,首选的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丁螺环酮", "B": "阿米替林", "C": "碳酸锂", "D": "氯丙嗪"}, "answer": "氯丙嗪", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,55岁,突发持续胸痛4小时。查体:BP 80/50mmHg,心率30次/min,律齐,心电图示急性下壁、右室心肌梗死,三度房室传导阻滞。为提高心室率应立即采取的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉注射肾上腺素", "B": "同步直流电复律", "C": "静脉滴注多巴酚丁胺", "D": "植入临时性心脏起搏器"}, "answer": "植入临时性心脏起搏器", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于rRNA的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "原核生物的核蛋白体中有四种rRNA,即23S、16S、5S、5.8S", "B": "原核生物的核蛋白体中有三种rRNA,即23S、18S、5S", "C": "真核生物的核蛋白体中有三种rRNA,即28S、18S、5S", "D": "真核生物的核蛋白体中有四种rRNA,即28S、18S、5S、5.8S"}, "answer": "真核生物的核蛋白体中有四种rRNA,即28S、18S、5S、5.8S", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.治疗弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤首选的方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ESHAP方案", "B": "ABVD方案", "C": "CHOP方案", "D": "VLDP方案"}, "answer": "CHOP方案", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.头痛剧烈,颈项强直,瞳孔尚未改变而呼吸骤停者,应考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "小脑幕切迹疝", "B": "枕骨大孔疝", "C": "去大脑强直", "D": "大脑镰下疝"}, "answer": "枕骨大孔疝", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "通过嘌呤核苷酸循环联合脱氨基的组织是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝组织", "B": "肾组织", "C": "脑组织", "D": "心肌"}, "answer": "心肌", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "以缺血性静息痛为主要症状时,提示血栓闭塞性脉管炎的分期是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅳ期", "B": "Ⅱb期", "C": "IIa期", "D": "Ⅲ期"}, "answer": "Ⅲ期", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "被乙型肝炎病人血液污染针头刺破皮肤后应采取(  )。", "options": {"A": "注射干扰素", "B": "局部碘酒、酒精消毒", "C": "注射干扰素诱生剂", "D": "注射高效价免疫血清"}, "answer": "注射高效价免疫血清", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是CD8+Tc细胞活化的第一信号?(  )", "options": {"A": "TCR识别自身MHC-I靶细胞表面的肽Ag", "B": "CD8+Tc表达IL-2受体", "C": "协同刺激因子在靶细胞表面的表达", "D": "CD8+Tc表达IFN-γ受体"}, "answer": "TCR识别自身MHC-I靶细胞表面的肽Ag", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,25岁。火焰烧伤头面、前胸和四肢后30分钟来诊。查体:BP 90/50mmHg,神志清,表情痛苦,烦躁不安。心率快,脉搏细弱。部分伤面呈黑痂,部分伤面有水泡,基底呈红色,痛觉过敏。2.患者静脉补液时,对调整补液的量和速度,最客观且简单的临床指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血压", "B": "尿量", "C": "指甲毛细血管充盈状况", "D": "精神和意识状态"}, "answer": "尿量", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.远折段向后倾斜移位(  )。", "options": {"A": "股骨粗隆间骨折", "B": "股骨上1/3骨折", "C": "股骨上中段骨折", "D": "股骨髁上骨折"}, "answer": "股骨髁上骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "属于人际水平的健康行为改变理论的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "社会认知理论", "B": "“知-信-行”理论", "C": "创新扩散理论", "D": "社会组织理论"}, "answer": "社会认知理论", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.高血压患者,心功能评价指标增高的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "每搏输出量", "B": "射血分数", "C": "心指教", "D": "心脏做功量"}, "answer": "心脏做功量", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "通常给予全量静脉营养中糖提供总热量的(  )。", "options": {"A": "50%", "B": "55%", "C": "60%", "D": "65%"}, "answer": "50%", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.上述哪项是抑制胃液分泌的因素(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆盐与缩胆囊素", "B": "乙酰胆碱与组胺", "C": "盐酸与脂肪", "D": "促胰液素与缩胆囊素"}, "answer": "盐酸与脂肪", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,60岁,咳嗽、痰中带血、体重减轻2个月,曾予青霉素800万单位肌注5天,口服止咳、祛痰药无效。体格检查;左外侧胸第4、5肋间语颤减低,叩诊浊音,WBC 8.7×109/L,N 0.69。3.针对该患者,痰液检查主要送检项目为(  )。", "options": {"A": "痰培养+药敏", "B": "痰找瘤细胞", "C": "痰结核菌培养", "D": "痰找夏科-莱登结晶"}, "answer": "痰找瘤细胞", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "8岁男孩,左大腿轻微外伤后,第二天出现局部明显肿胀、剧痛、不敢活动、高热,来院后,最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "拍X线片", "B": "测体温", "C": "超声探查", "D": "分层穿刺"}, "answer": "分层穿刺", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.胆红素自肝脏排出主要形式(  )。", "options": {"A": "硫酸胆红素", "B": "胆红素-清蛋白", "C": "胆红素-配体蛋白", "D": "胆红素葡萄糖醛酸酯"}, "answer": "胆红素葡萄糖醛酸酯", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "以下哪项为再障血象骨髓象的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "呈全血细胞减少,少数呈两系细胞或血小板减少", "B": "骨髓增生活跃,但巨核细胞减少", "C": "可见巨核细胞增多,血片中血小板计数减少,可见畸形血小板", "D": "细胞大小不等,中心淡染区扩大,"}, "answer": "呈全血细胞减少,少数呈两系细胞或血小板减少", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于苯二氮革类的叙述,哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "是最常用的镇静催眠药", "B": "可用于小儿高热惊厥", "C": "可用于心脏电复律前给药", "D": "长期用药不产生耐受性和依赖性"}, "answer": "长期用药不产生耐受性和依赖性", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "当前治疗慢性粒细胞白血病慢性期首选的化疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "马利兰", "B": "羟基脲", "C": "靛玉红", "D": "高三尖杉酯碱"}, "answer": "羟基脲", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,26岁,5天来鼻及牙龈出血,皮肤瘀斑,血红蛋白559,白细胞10.0×109/L,血小板16×109/L。骨髓增生活跃,幼稚细胞占0.8,胞浆有大小不等颗粒及成堆棒状小体,过氧化酶染色强阳性。3.本患者治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "全反式维A酸", "B": "羟基脲", "C": "VP方案", "D": "骨髓移植"}, "answer": "全反式维A酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "出血热病毒在宿主细胞内生长的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宿主细胞产生包涵体", "B": "宿主细胞有血细胞吸附现象", "C": "用荧光抗体测定宿主细胞内的抗原", "D": "产生干扰现象"}, "answer": "用荧光抗体测定宿主细胞内的抗原", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,21岁,右利,突然癫痫发作并伴头痛、呕吐、颈项强直、低热、命名性失语。1.询问病史时应着重询问的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有无发热史", "B": "有无癫痫反复发作史", "C": "有无心脏病史", "D": "有无胃病史"}, "answer": "有无癫痫反复发作史", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.疖肿(  )。", "options": {"A": "具有两端开口的病理性通道", "B": "只有一端开口的盲管", "C": "单个毛囊发生的化脓性炎", "D": "多个毛囊发生的化脓性炎"}, "answer": "单个毛囊发生的化脓性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "恶性疟疾发作热型多不规则,主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "恶性疟原虫可侵犯各期红细胞", "B": "恶性疟原虫分批侵入", "C": "恶性疟原虫在红细胞内发育时间不一致", "D": "恶性疟原虫可释放毒素"}, "answer": "恶性疟原虫在红细胞内发育时间不一致", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男婴,8个月,腹泻3天,大便10余次/日,蛋花汤样,伴少量黏液,呕吐4或5次/日。嗜睡,口干,尿量少。查体:精神委靡,皮肤干燥、弹性较差,眼窝及前囟明显凹陷,哭时泪少。血钠132mmol/L,血钾4mmol/L。2.该患儿第一天选择的液体种类是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1:4含钠液", "B": "2:3:1含钠液", "C": "ORS含钠液", "D": "2:6:1含钠液"}, "answer": "2:3:1含钠液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,30岁,发热伴牙龈出血三周。查体:贫血貌,脾肋下3 cm,胸骨压痛(+),血红蛋白70 g/L,白细胞14.0×109/L,血小板35×109/L,骨髓增生明显活跃,原始细胞占0.62,为进一步诊断,应首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "染色体核型分析", "B": "细胞化学染色", "C": "血清铁测定", "D": "抗血小板抗体检测"}, "answer": "细胞化学染色", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "58岁男性,逐渐出现四肢震颤,双手呈“搓药丸样”动作,面部缺乏表情,动作缓慢,走路呈“慌张步态”,被动运动时肢体齿轮样肌张力增高,应选下述何种药物治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "苯妥英钠", "B": "左旋多巴", "C": "卡马西平", "D": "多巴胺"}, "answer": "左旋多巴", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.肱骨外上髁炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "肩关节外展受限", "B": "肩部疼痛、无活动受限", "C": "肘关节外侧疼痛", "D": "肘关节活动受限"}, "answer": "肘关节外侧疼痛", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.肩关节脱位的主要体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "“4”字试验阳性", "B": "伸肌腱牵拉试验(Mills征)阳性", "C": "杜加(Dugas)征阳性", "D": "压头试验阳性"}, "answer": "杜加(Dugas)征阳性", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "为预防风疹和先天性风疹综合征,禁忌接种风疹减毒活疫苗的人群是(  )。", "options": {"A": "育龄期女青年", "B": "结婚登记时的女青年", "C": "注射过抗风疹人血清免疫球蛋白的孕妇", "D": "妊娠妇女(孕妇)"}, "answer": "妊娠妇女(孕妇)", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "贫血伴黄疽最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溶血性贫血", "B": "急性失血性贫血", "C": "再生障碍性贫血", "D": "营养不良性贫血"}, "answer": "溶血性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项为可用于流行性乙型脑炎早期诊断的实验室检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "补体结合试验", "B": "血细胞凝集抑制试验", "C": "特异性IgM抗体检测", "D": "病毒分离"}, "answer": "特异性IgM抗体检测", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2岁以内乳牙的数目约为(  )。", "options": {"A": "月龄减2~4", "B": "月龄减4~6", "C": "月龄减6~8", "D": "月龄减10~12"}, "answer": "月龄减4~6", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,女,6岁。反复咳嗽3个月,活动后加重,常于夜间咳醒,痰不多,无发热。抗生素治疗无效。既往有湿疹史。查体:双肺呼吸音粗,余无异常。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管炎", "B": "支气管异物", "C": "咳嗽变异性哮喘", "D": "支气管肺炎"}, "answer": "咳嗽变异性哮喘", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下哪项检查可用于钧端螺旋体病的早期诊断?(  )", "options": {"A": "血常规", "B": "尿常规", "C": "血培养", "D": "钩体DNA探针"}, "answer": "钩体DNA探针", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "效度反映心理测量结果的(  )。", "options": {"A": "代表性", "B": "真实性", "C": "可靠性", "D": "客观性"}, "answer": "真实性", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.苯丙酮尿症智力低下开始于(  )。", "options": {"A": "生后8~10个月", "B": "生后3~6个月", "C": "新生儿", "D": "生后1~2个月"}, "answer": "生后3~6个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男孩,2岁。秋季发病。低热伴腹泻2天,为蛋花汤样,10余次/天,无腥臭味。粪便常规偶见白细胞。最可能的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "冠状病毒", "B": "肠道腺病毒", "C": "柯萨奇病毒", "D": "轮状病毒"}, "answer": "轮状病毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.属于DNA病毒的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "HAV", "B": "HBV", "C": "HDV", "D": "HEV"}, "answer": "HBV", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "42岁男患者,半年来无诱因出现右侧肢体内发性疼痛,伴烧灼样感觉,近2个月右手持物时没有感觉。1.查体:右侧肢体深、浅感觉障碍,该患者病损的结构为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓丘脑束", "B": "皮质脊髓束", "C": "薄束", "D": "丘脑"}, "answer": "丘脑", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于妄想的概念正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可以纠正的错误推理判断", "B": "一种病理性的歪曲信念、病态的推理和判断", "C": "通常与文化背景和个人经历无关", "D": "妄想内容一般不涉及患者本人"}, "answer": "一种病理性的歪曲信念、病态的推理和判断", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,某日突然出现阵发性抽搐,表现意识丧失,眼球上窜,瞳孔散大,口唇青紫,全身抽搐,有舌咬伤,尿失禁,持续约3分钟。发作后入睡,意识清醒后对上述情况不能回忆。初步诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "去大脑强直", "B": "癔病痉挛发作", "C": "杰克逊(Jackson)癫痫", "D": "癫痫全面-强直阵挛发作"}, "answer": "癫痫全面-强直阵挛发作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "分析两种抗原的相关性可采用(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫电泳", "B": "单项免疫扩散", "C": "间接凝集试验", "D": "免疫比浊"}, "answer": "单项免疫扩散", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "经性接触传播的支原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎支原体", "B": "溶脲脲原体", "C": "唾液支原体", "D": "隐匿支原体"}, "answer": "溶脲脲原体", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "22岁青年,被电锯伤及右手小鱼际,有2.Ocm×2.5cm的皮肤缺损,基底未见骨外露和神经外露,经清洗、消毒、清创后,应采取哪一种修复方法?(  )", "options": {"A": "前臂交叉皮瓣移植", "B": "局部皮瓣移植", "C": "胸、腹部皮瓣移植", "D": "游离中厚皮瓣植皮"}, "answer": "游离中厚皮瓣植皮", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.肺内压与肺回缩力之差为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸内压", "B": "肺内压", "C": "弹性阻力", "D": "顺应性"}, "answer": "胸内压", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,33岁。消化性溃疡反复发作并出血3年,现在出血1周,内科治疗无效,行手术治疗。术中见胃皱襞显著增厚,最可能导致上述病理改变的内源性物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "转化生长因子-α", "B": "促胃液素", "C": "促胰液素", "D": "乙酰胆碱"}, "answer": "促胃液素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪一项结果对诊断缺铁性贫血最有意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度降低", "B": "红细胞平均体积降低", "C": "血清铁降低", "D": "骨髓象幼红细胞增生活跃"}, "answer": "血清铁降低", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,18岁,突发剧烈头痛呕吐、枕颈部痛。查体:脑膜刺激征明显,右上肢肌力Ⅲ级,腰椎穿刺检查有血性脑脊液。CT显示左顶叶内团状高低密度混杂影,此病人的检查中最有诊断价值的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑电图", "B": "全脑血管造影", "C": "脑核素扫描", "D": "MRI"}, "answer": "全脑血管造影", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪项是肝硬化的特征性病理变化?(  )", "options": {"A": "肝细胞变性坏死", "B": "汇管区炎细胞浸润", "C": "纤维组织增生", "D": "假小叶形成"}, "answer": "假小叶形成", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.肥达试验O凝集效价高,H凝集效价低(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠热症可能性大", "B": "肠热症早期或交叉反应", "C": "预防注射或回忆反应", "D": "细胞免疫功能低下"}, "answer": "肠热症早期或交叉反应", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "先天储铁不足,不常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "双胎", "B": "巨大儿", "C": "胎儿失血", "D": "母患缺铁性贫血"}, "answer": "巨大儿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "股骨下1/3骨折后,远折端向后倾斜移位,主要是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "半腱肌的牵拉", "B": "腓肠肌的牵拉", "C": "股二头肌的牵拉", "D": "半膜肌的牵拉"}, "answer": "腓肠肌的牵拉", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以变质为主的炎症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "感冒初期鼻黏膜炎", "B": "假膜性炎", "C": "脓肿", "D": "流行性乙型脑炎"}, "answer": "流行性乙型脑炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,40岁,因宫颈癌接受化疗。近3天来常发生牙龈出血,血小板计数20×109/L。遂给予血小板输注,输注后20分钟,患者突然寒战、发热、恶心、体温39.5度,尿色正常。该患者很可能发生的输血不良反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "非溶血性发热性输血反应", "B": "溶血性输血反应", "C": "细菌污染反应", "D": "循环超负荷"}, "answer": "非溶血性发热性输血反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,53岁,视物模糊4天来就诊。查体:右眼直接对光反射消失,间接对光反射存在,左眼直接对光反射存在,间接对光反射消失。病变位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "右视神经", "B": "左视神经", "C": "右动眼神经", "D": "右展神经"}, "answer": "右视神经", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "早期滑膜结核与类风湿关节炎鉴别的可靠依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血沉是否正常", "B": "累及关节的数目", "C": "关节间隙是否狭窄", "D": "滑膜组织病理学检查"}, "answer": "滑膜组织病理学检查", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.采取甲类传染病的预防、控制措施的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "法律规定的甲、乙、丙类以外的其他传染病,根据其暴发、流行情况和危害程度,需要列入乙类、丙类传染病的", "B": "突发原因不明的传染病需要采取甲类传染病的预防、控制措施的", "C": "乙类传染病中传染性非典型肺炎、炭疽中的肺炭疽和人感染高致病性禽流感", "D": "省、自治区、直辖市人民政府对本行政区域内常见、多发的其他地方性传染病"}, "answer": "乙类传染病中传染性非典型肺炎、炭疽中的肺炭疽和人感染高致病性禽流感", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,53岁,10年前出现情绪低落与情感高涨交替出现,情绪低落时表现为早醒、闷闷不乐、不思饮食,对事物失去兴趣,足不出户,轻生念头明显,持续2~3个月后,突然转为话多、兴奋、整日忙忙碌碌、四处购物、爱交际、自感精力充沛,才智过人,持续1月后,再次转为情绪低落,如此反复。体检及神经系统无异常。1.该患者诊断考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑郁发作", "B": "精神分裂症", "C": "双相情感性精神障碍", "D": "老年期抑郁症"}, "answer": "双相情感性精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "血红素生成的基本原料是(  )。", "options": {"A": "叶酸、维生素B12", "B": "蛋白质、叶酸", "C": "蛋白质、维生素B12", "D": "铁、蛋白质"}, "answer": "铁、蛋白质", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "子宫内膜癌的高危因素不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "卵巢早衰", "B": "不孕症", "C": "肥胖", "D": "无排卵性功能失调性子宫出血"}, "answer": "卵巢早衰", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,10岁,发热10天,体温38~39℃,刺激性咳嗽明显,胸痛。查体:双肺散在干鸣音;胸片:左肺下野淡薄片状阴影。2.为确诊,首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血培养", "B": "支原体IgM抗体", "C": "血肥达氏反应", "D": "痰液病毒分离"}, "answer": "支原体IgM抗体", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.男,24岁。急性起病,高热伴右胸痛,胸部X线片示右肺下叶实变影,其内可见多发气囊。其感染的病原体最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎链球菌", "B": "病毒", "C": "肺炎支原体", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1型糖尿病的主要特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多见于40岁以上的年轻人", "B": "易发生糖尿病酮症酸中毒", "C": "与免疫介导的胰岛B细胞增生有关", "D": "早期常不需要胰岛素治疗"}, "answer": "易发生糖尿病酮症酸中毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,47岁,江苏人,因发热伴腹痛、腹泻20天人院,氨苄青霉素治疗无效。体检:体温39.2℃,四肢及躯干皮肤可见荨麻疹,腹股沟淋巴结轻度肿大,肝肋下4cm,质软,脾肋下1cm。血象:白细胞16.2×109/L.,嗜酸性粒细胞0.36;肝功ALT 100U/L。2.此患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "钩端螺旋体病", "B": "急性血吸虫病", "C": "急性病毒性肝炎", "D": "流行性出血热"}, "answer": "急性血吸虫病", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,55岁。皮肤黄染进行性加重1个月,10天前发现小便呈浓茶样,近几天大便呈灰白色。查体:T 36.8℃,皮肤、巩膜黄染,腹软,右上腹可触及肿大的胆囊,无压痛,无反跳痛。2.该患者手术治疗后第4天发生上腹剧烈疼痛,腹腔引流量明显增加,引流液淀粉酶15000U/L。患者最有可能发生的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胰漏", "B": "急性胰腺炎", "C": "肠系膜血栓形成", "D": "胆漏"}, "answer": "胰漏", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿男性,15岁。跑步时摔倒,将膝关节扭伤。5小时后膝关节肿胀、疼痛、活动不便。诊断为膝关节扭伤后积液。此时如果抽取关节积液做检查,可见(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量浆液", "B": "大量中性粒细胞", "C": "大量单核淋巴细胞", "D": "大量浆细胞"}, "answer": "大量浆液", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,54岁。重症肺炎患者,入院后次日病情加重,突发持续性呼吸急促,发绀,伴烦躁,呼吸频率40次/分,心率118次/分,律齐,两肺可闻及湿啰音。血气分析:pH 7.34,PaO2 50mmHg,PaCO2 30mmHg。胸片示两中下肺纹理增多模糊,斑片状阴影,心胸比例正常。2.为缓解患者的呼吸困难,最好采用(  )。", "options": {"A": "给予纯氧", "B": "持续气道正压通气(CAPA)", "C": "呼气末正压通气(PEEP)", "D": "双气道正压通气(Bi-PAP)"}, "answer": "呼气末正压通气(PEEP)", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "骨折刚达到临床愈合时,此时骨折的愈合过程正处于哪一阶段?(  )", "options": {"A": "血肿机化演进期", "B": "骨折后2周以内", "C": "原始骨痂形成期", "D": "永久骨痂形成期"}, "answer": "原始骨痂形成期", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,18岁,农民。夏天在河塘游泳后出现稽留高热4天,伴畏寒发热,头痛,身痛乏力。体检:体温39.8℃,巩膜及皮肤黄染,结膜充血,皮肤可见出血点。肝肋下1.0cm,脾肋下刚触及,腹股沟淋巴结如蚕豆大4个。血象:WBC 10.5×109/L,N 80%。肝功:ALT 280U/L,血清总胆红素110μmol/L,尿胆红素(+),尿中可见WBC 3~5/Hp,诊断最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性黄疸型肝炎", "B": "流行性出血热", "C": "钩端螺旋体病", "D": "伤寒"}, "answer": "钩端螺旋体病", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "副交感神经兴奋可导致(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖原分解", "B": "胃肠运动增强", "C": "骨骼肌血管舒张", "D": "竖毛肌收缩"}, "answer": "胃肠运动增强", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不属于副粘病毒科的病毒是(  )。", "options": {"A": "副流感病毒", "B": "禽流感病毒", "C": "麻疹病毒", "D": "腮腺炎病毒"}, "answer": "禽流感病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "刺激胰岛素分泌的最主要的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "迷走神经兴奋", "B": "胰高血糖素释放", "C": "血糖浓度增高", "D": "血糖浓度降低"}, "answer": "血糖浓度增高", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "支原体肺炎的临床特点,下列正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多无发热", "B": "咳嗽突出", "C": "肺部体征明显", "D": "头孢菌素治疗有效"}, "answer": "咳嗽突出", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "因女性不孕而实施的体外授精-胚胎移植技术,可能产生的伦理问题不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "用剩余胚胎进行干细胞研究", "B": "代孕母亲", "C": "卵子商品化", "D": "对胚胎进行非医学目的的性别鉴定"}, "answer": "对胚胎进行非医学目的的性别鉴定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "6岁男童,5天前突发右髋剧痛,右下肢活动受限,伴畏寒.高热,全身不适及食欲不振。体温39℃,脉搏110次/min。体检:右大腿近端肿胀,皮温升高,但外观无异常。腹股沟韧带中点稍下方深压痛。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右大腿软组织炎症", "B": "右股骨近端恶性肿瘤", "C": "右髋关节急性化脓性关节炎", "D": "右髋关节急性风湿性关节炎"}, "answer": "右髋关节急性化脓性关节炎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.治疗特发性大发作首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙戊酸钠", "B": "卡马西平", "C": "苯妥英钠", "D": "ACTH"}, "answer": "丙戊酸钠", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,56岁,有急性心肌梗死病史,经治疗好转后停药月余,昨夜突发剧咳而憋醒,不能平卧,咳粉红色泡沫样痰,烦躁不安,心率1307欠/分,血压160/95mmHg,两肺有小水泡音。诊断为急性左心衰竭、心源性哮喘,问用哪组药物治疗最适宜?(  )", "options": {"A": "氢氯噻嗪+硝普钠", "B": "吗啡+毒毛花苷K", "C": "氢氯噻嗪+地高辛", "D": "氢氯噻嗪+氨茶碱"}, "answer": "吗啡+毒毛花苷K", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,1岁,弛张热,发热5天,咳嗽、气喘4天,用青霉素静脉滴注4天症状好转不明显,今日突然烦躁,呼吸困难,阵发性咳嗽。查体:体温39℃,呼吸60次/分,心率增快,170次/分,节律整。胸片示气管右移,左肺液气胸。3.该病的治疗,应选择何种抗生素?(  )", "options": {"A": "红霉素", "B": "先锋霉素Ⅵ", "C": "氨苄西林+青霉素", "D": "耐青霉素酶的青霉素"}, "answer": "耐青霉素酶的青霉素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者腰痛多年,时轻时重,伴双下肢痛。l0天前搬重物后腰腿痛加剧,并出现麻木与排尿困难。查体:腰运动受限,椎旁压痛向下肢放散,直腿高举与足背屈附加试验阳性,马鞍区痛觉减退。1.出现排尿困难,鞍区麻木的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊神经后支卡压", "B": "窦椎神经受刺激", "C": "马尾神经受压", "D": "L5神经根受压"}, "answer": "马尾神经受压", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述疾病哪项是非全身性免疫复合物病(  )。", "options": {"A": "类风湿性关节炎", "B": "多发性肌炎", "C": "混合性结缔组织病", "D": "新生儿溶血症"}, "answer": "类风湿性关节炎", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "以下何种情况属于炎症的变质性变化?(  )", "options": {"A": "严重挤压后组织细胞坏死", "B": "下肢静脉血栓形成后足趾坏疽", "C": "病毒性肝炎时,肝细胞嗜酸性变", "D": "脂肪肝时肝细胞肿大、脂肪变性"}, "answer": "病毒性肝炎时,肝细胞嗜酸性变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对抑郁症的处理措施中首要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "改变情绪状态", "B": "加强饮食营养", "C": "改善睡眠状况", "D": "评估自杀风险"}, "answer": "评估自杀风险", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.膜性增生性肾小球肾炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾炎综合征", "B": "急进性肾炎综合征", "C": "慢性肾炎综合征", "D": "肾病综合征"}, "answer": "慢性肾炎综合征", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "初孕妇,25岁。妊娠40周,规律宫缩8小时,宫缩45~50秒/4~5分,心率140次/分,枕左前位,胎头10cm,先露0,宫口开大2cm。该患者正确的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "剖宫产", "B": "肌注哌替啶", "C": "继续观察产程进展", "D": "静注5%葡萄糖注射液"}, "answer": "继续观察产程进展", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有关甲状腺癌的描述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "同位素扫描均为“冷结节”", "B": "乳头状癌有30%的死亡率,多因远处转移造成", "C": "乳头状癌出现可切除的淋巴结转移,预后也较好", "D": "颈部放射治疗量需大于2000cGy才可致甲状腺癌"}, "answer": "乳头状癌出现可切除的淋巴结转移,预后也较好", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于甲状旁腺激素的作用的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "促进骨钙入血", "B": "促进肾近端小管对磷的重吸收", "C": "促进1,25(OH)2-D3的生成", "D": "间接影响肠对钙、磷的吸收"}, "answer": "促进肾近端小管对磷的重吸收", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "志贺菌属的分群依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "产生色素不同", "B": "能否产生血浆凝固酶", "C": "菌体抗原不同", "D": "溶血现象不同"}, "answer": "菌体抗原不同", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列不宜用胰岛素的病症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖尿病合并严重感染", "B": "胰岛功能尚可的糖尿病", "C": "重症糖尿病", "D": "酮症"}, "answer": "胰岛功能尚可的糖尿病", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.体内可转变成为胆汁酸的原料是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆汁", "B": "胆红素", "C": "血红素", "D": "胆固醇"}, "answer": "胆固醇", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在合成时不以磷脂酸为前体的脂类是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卵磷脂", "B": "脑磷脂", "C": "心磷脂", "D": "神经鞘磷脂"}, "answer": "神经鞘磷脂", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列属于自身免疫反应直接引起组织损伤的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "隐蔽抗原的释放", "B": "T细胞杀伤", "C": "自身抗原的改变", "D": "分子模拟"}, "answer": "自身抗原的改变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.诊断反流性食管炎最可靠的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "食管酸滴注试验", "B": "食管压力测定", "C": "胸部X线片", "D": "胃镜及活检"}, "answer": "胃镜及活检", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是与致病性无关的细菌合成代谢产物?(  )", "options": {"A": "侵袭性酶", "B": "内毒素", "C": "热原质", "D": "细菌素"}, "answer": "细菌素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "人在寒冷环境中增加产热量的主要方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "寒战产热", "B": "非寒战产热", "C": "温度剌激性肌紧张", "D": "肝脏代谢增强"}, "answer": "寒战产热", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "治疗并可控制支气管哮喘气道炎症的药物不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖皮质激素", "B": "曲尼斯特", "C": "抗胆碱药", "D": "氯雷他定"}, "answer": "抗胆碱药", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "氨基糖苷类药物的主要抗菌机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "增加胞质膜通透性", "B": "抑制细菌蛋白质合成", "C": "抑制胞壁黏肽合成酶", "D": "抑制DNA螺旋酶"}, "answer": "抑制细菌蛋白质合成", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "乳胶妊娠试验属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "间接凝集反应", "B": "沉淀反应", "C": "反向间接凝集反应", "D": "间接凝集抑制试验"}, "answer": "间接凝集抑制试验", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "为保证材料真实,也为了维护心理治疗本身的声誉及权威性,心理治疗必须坚持(  )。", "options": {"A": "耐心原则", "B": "真诚原则", "C": "保密原则", "D": "中立原则"}, "answer": "保密原则", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列属于剖宫产绝对指征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骶耻外径15.5cm", "B": "枕后位", "C": "部分前置胎盘", "D": "完全臀先露"}, "answer": "骶耻外径15.5cm", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.A型血人的红细胞与B型血人的血清相遇时,红细胞发生的变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "黏着", "B": "叠连", "C": "凝集", "D": "凝固"}, "answer": "凝集", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "治疗缺铁性贫血的主要目的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "血红蛋白恢复正常", "B": "补足贮存铁", "C": "红细胞水平恢复正常", "D": "血清铁和总铁结合力均恢复正常"}, "answer": "补足贮存铁", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "目前认为下列哪一种疾病与胃癌的发生关系密切?(  )", "options": {"A": "浅表性胃炎", "B": "疣状胃炎", "C": "萎缩性胃炎", "D": "肥厚性胃炎"}, "answer": "萎缩性胃炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.期望继续享有病人角色所获得的利益,是病人角色的(  )。", "options": {"A": "角色行为缺如", "B": "角色行为减退", "C": "角色行为强化", "D": "角色行为异常"}, "answer": "角色行为强化", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "6.接种方法为皮内注射(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡介苗", "B": "乙型脑炎疫苗", "C": "麻疹疫苗", "D": "脊髓灰质炎疫苗"}, "answer": "卡介苗", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "张、王、李、赵、刘五人的行为如下所述,其中哪位的行为违反了《执业医师法》的规定?(  )", "options": {"A": "王医生有个患者经诊断为肺癌,王某没有告知患者本人其真实诊断结果", "B": "李医生接诊一名因车祸大出血的患者,其所在医院无条件诊治需立即转诊,但他坚持给患者进行了一定止血处理后才将患者转走", "C": "刘医生在被派往南亚某受灾国家进行医疗援助时下落不明,法院宣告其失踪,四年后他平安返回,则他可立即继续原来的执业活动", "D": "小张以师承方式学习传统医学5年多了,他通过了卫生行政部门指定的机构的考核,现在的他可以参加执业医师资格考试"}, "answer": "刘医生在被派往南亚某受灾国家进行医疗援助时下落不明,法院宣告其失踪,四年后他平安返回,则他可立即继续原来的执业活动", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医学上主要用于空气灭菌的电磁辐射是(  )。", "options": {"A": "紫外线", "B": "γ射线", "C": "可视线", "D": "微波辐射"}, "answer": "紫外线", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.慢性肺淤血可见(  )。", "options": {"A": "含铁血黄素", "B": "黑色素", "C": "脂褐素", "D": "胆红素"}, "answer": "含铁血黄素", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "老年性前列腺肥大属(  )。", "options": {"A": "内分泌性肥大", "B": "功能性肥大", "C": "代偿性肥大", "D": "假性肥大"}, "answer": "内分泌性肥大", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于睾酮作用的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "刺激男性副性器官发育", "B": "促进肌肉与骨骼生长", "C": "始动生精的作用", "D": "维持正常性欲"}, "answer": "始动生精的作用", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "原发性恶性骨肿瘤中,最典型的X线片表现(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨质破坏,边缘不清,无骨膜反应", "B": "骨质破坏,边缘清楚,有骨膜反应", "C": "骨质破坏,边缘清楚,无骨膜反应", "D": "骨质破坏,边缘不清,骨膜反应明显"}, "answer": "骨质破坏,边缘不清,骨膜反应明显", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,55岁。肝炎病史8年余,近3个月来出现右侧季肋部持续胀痛,伴厌食、乏力和腹胀。查体:右侧肋缘下可触及肿大的肝脏,质地坚硬、边缘不规则。AFP>1000ug/L。2.有确定诊断意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝功能检查", "B": "CT", "C": "MRI", "D": "肝穿刺针吸细胞学检查"}, "answer": "肝穿刺针吸细胞学检查", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.结肠癌病灶穿透肠壁,无淋巴结转移的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "DukesA1期", "B": "DukesA2期", "C": "DukesB期", "D": "DukesC期"}, "answer": "DukesB期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "影响胎儿和婴儿软骨发育,孕妇及哺乳妇女不宜用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "磺胺类", "B": "喹诺酮类", "C": "硝基呋喃类", "D": "TMP"}, "answer": "喹诺酮类", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急进性肾炎临床最突出的表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "水肿", "B": "高血压", "C": "少尿或无尿", "D": "心包摩擦音"}, "answer": "少尿或无尿", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.丙型肝炎的主要传播途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "输血、注射", "B": "呼吸道传染", "C": "性接触", "D": "生活接触"}, "answer": "输血、注射", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肾上腺素对心脏的作用不包括下列的哪一项?(  )", "options": {"A": "收缩力增强", "B": "传导加快", "C": "耗氧量增加", "D": "减少心肌血供"}, "answer": "减少心肌血供", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "青年男性患者,右膝关节慢性肿痛半年,活动障碍,但皮肤色泽正常,X线片示关节间隙变窄,诊断考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯滑膜结核", "B": "全关节结核", "C": "化脓性关节炎", "D": "化脓性骨髓炎合并关节炎"}, "answer": "全关节结核", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "近年来输血后肝炎主要由下列哪种病毒引起?(  )", "options": {"A": "甲型肝炎病毒", "B": "丙型肝炎病毒", "C": "戊型肝炎病毒", "D": "丁型肝炎病毒"}, "answer": "丙型肝炎病毒", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性患者,高处坠落后腹部及右下肢肿痛4小时入院。查体:T37.5℃,P136次/分,R23次/分。血压60/40mmHg,神志淡漠,眼睑口唇苍白,双肺呼吸音清,腹部紧张压痛,下肢肿胀,小腿可见广泛瘀斑及散在小水泡,头面部下肢多发裂伤,渗血不多。4.若患者右小腿疼痛渐好转,但出现寒战高热、右足感觉消退,皮温无改善,血常规是WBC21.3×109/L,NEUT94.2%,右小腿肿胀明显加重,抗感染治疗3天,无明显效果,换药见肌肉广泛坏死液化,该如何治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "继续抗感染治疗", "B": "增加活血化瘀药物", "C": "高压氧治疗", "D": "右小腿截肢"}, "answer": "右小腿截肢", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "桡骨头半脱位最常见的处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "手法复位,石膏外固定", "B": "手法复位,无需制动固定", "C": "切开复位,外固定", "D": "手法复位,三角巾悬吊"}, "answer": "手法复位,无需制动固定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "Colles骨折时,以下哪种情况最少见?(  )", "options": {"A": "骨折畸形愈合", "B": "骨折不愈合", "C": "合并尺骨茎突骨折", "D": "合并腕三角软骨盘破裂"}, "answer": "骨折不愈合", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对腹膜刺激最轻的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血液", "B": "肠液", "C": "胰液", "D": "胆汁"}, "answer": "血液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述叙述中不正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "HVGR(宿主抗移植物反应)的超急排斥一般在移植24小时内发生,多由ABO血型或MHC-I类分子Ab引起", "B": "HVGR的慢性排斥发生在移植后数月或数年", "C": "HVGR是骨髓移植的主要障碍", "D": "GVHR是移植物中的免疫细胞对宿主成分的免疫应答"}, "answer": "HVGR是骨髓移植的主要障碍", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "百日咳杆菌的阳性生化反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "液化明胶", "B": "H2S试验", "C": "吲哚试验", "D": "氧化酶试验"}, "answer": "氧化酶试验", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列物质中抑制胃酸分泌的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙酰胆碱", "B": "组胺", "C": "糖皮质激素", "D": "生长抑素"}, "answer": "生长抑素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "治疗肺炎球菌肺炎的首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "磺胺类药物", "B": "链霉素", "C": "青霉素", "D": "四环素"}, "answer": "青霉素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "最易形成小脑幕裂孔疝的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "额叶肿瘤", "B": "颞叶肿瘤", "C": "枕叶肿瘤", "D": "小脑肿瘤"}, "answer": "颞叶肿瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "病员行胃大部切除,胃空肠吻合术。手术操作无误,术后状态良好。第5天感到张口、下咽困难,第6天出现角弓反张、抽搐,诊断为破伤风,经医院抢救无效,于10月11日死亡。患者家属找到区卫生行政部门申诉。经区医疗事故鉴定委员会鉴定,不属事故,10月31日区卫生行政部门判定为医院无责任,并将通知书交与家属。家属仍不服。家属可以向上一级卫生行政部门申请复议,有效期限是(  )。", "options": {"A": "11月7日前", "B": "11月10日前", "C": "11月15日前", "D": "11月30日前"}, "answer": "11月15日前", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某乡卫生院医生甲为一阑尾炎病人施行手术,将结肠误切断,因乡卫生院条件差,草草缝合后,叫来救护车送县医院处理。因延误了时机,县医院医生乙在助手配合下,也没处理好,最终造成永久造瘘,该结果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医生乙的医疗差错", "B": "医生甲的医疗事故", "C": "医生甲的医疗差错", "D": "医生乙的医疗事故"}, "answer": "医生甲的医疗事故", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.某些具有癌变的潜在可能性的病变(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯癌", "B": "癌前病变", "C": "癌珠", "D": "非典型性增生"}, "answer": "癌前病变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列预防手术后肺不张的措施中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "术前控制呼吸道炎症,禁烟1~2周", "B": "防止术后呕吐误吸", "C": "随时用镇痛剂解除切口疼痛", "D": "随时协助病人排出支气管分泌物"}, "answer": "随时用镇痛剂解除切口疼痛", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿6岁,跌倒时身体前倾手掌着地,查体肘关节半屈状,肘部明显肿胀及压痛,皮下有瘀斑,肘向后突出畸形,肘前方可及骨折端,肘后三角存在,该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肱骨髁上骨折伸直型", "B": "肘关节脱位", "C": "桡骨头半脱位", "D": "尺骨鹰嘴骨折"}, "answer": "肱骨髁上骨折伸直型", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性化脓性腹膜炎时的腹部标志性体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹胀", "B": "肠呜音减弱或消失", "C": "腹部压痛、腹肌紧张和反跳痛", "D": "腹胀加重"}, "answer": "腹部压痛、腹肌紧张和反跳痛", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不是RNA的组分的核苷酸是(  )。", "options": {"A": "TMP", "B": "CMP", "C": "UMP", "D": "AMP"}, "answer": "TMP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "月经量多或经期延长但周期基本正常,应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫颈癌", "B": "子宫肌瘤", "C": "子宫内膜癌", "D": "无排卵性功能失调性子宫出血"}, "answer": "子宫肌瘤", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "体内氨基酸脱氨基作用的主要方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氧化脱氨基", "B": "还原脱氨基", "C": "直接脱氨基", "D": "联合脱氨基"}, "answer": "联合脱氨基", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,27岁,发热、头晕、视物模糊l周。血常规示血红蛋白69g/L,白细胞15×109/L,分类中可见原始细胞。3.首选治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "长春新碱+泼尼松", "B": "环磷酰胺+泼尼松", "C": "柔红霉素+阿糖胞苷", "D": "三尖杉酯碱+阿糖胞苷"}, "answer": "柔红霉素+阿糖胞苷", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,54岁,劳动中突感头晕,相继左半身失灵,右眼闭合不全,双眼向左侧凝视,10余分钟后昏迷,双瞳孔小、四肢软瘫、高热,首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "基底节脑出血", "B": "脑桥出血", "C": "小脑出血", "D": "中脑出血"}, "answer": "脑桥出血", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,60岁,糖尿病多年,渐出现双手双足麻木、发凉。查体:双手双足远端痛觉减退,四肢远端肌力4级,近端力正常。其病变部位为(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经丛", "B": "神经根", "C": "末梢神经", "D": "脊髓"}, "answer": "末梢神经", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性心肌梗死发生心脏破裂,最常见的先兆为(  )。", "options": {"A": "休克", "B": "气促", "C": "晕厥", "D": "胸痛"}, "answer": "胸痛", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.在三羧酸循环中既是催化不可逆反应、又是调节点的酶为(  )。", "options": {"A": "异柠檬酸脱氢酶、α-酮戊二酸脱氢酶", "B": "柠檬酸合成酶、琥珀酸脱氢酶", "C": "琥珀酸合成酶", "D": "苹果酸脱氢酶"}, "answer": "异柠檬酸脱氢酶、α-酮戊二酸脱氢酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在破伤风的治疗措施中,下列哪项是关键?(  )", "options": {"A": "彻底清创,引流伤口,消除毒素来源", "B": "使用破伤风抗毒素中和游离的毒素", "C": "控制和解除痉挛,预防窒息", "D": "积极支持治疗"}, "answer": "控制和解除痉挛,预防窒息", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,28岁。婚后4年未孕,月经周期4~5天/2~3个月,量偏少,身高156cm,体重75kg,面部可见痤疮,阴毛分布呈男性型。妇科检查:子宫未见异常,双侧卵巢稍大。基础体温单相。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生殖器结核", "B": "子宫内膜异位症", "C": "多囊卵巢综合征", "D": "黄体功能不足"}, "answer": "多囊卵巢综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于骨折愈合的过程,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "原始骨痂形成期膜内成骨比软骨内成骨慢", "B": "临床上骨折愈合过程多为一期愈合", "C": "新骨的爬行替代过程是在破骨细胞和成骨细胞的同时作用下完成的", "D": "骨板形成塑形期在应力轴线上的骨痂逐渐消失"}, "answer": "新骨的爬行替代过程是在破骨细胞和成骨细胞的同时作用下完成的", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.考核不合格,暂停执业活动期满,再次进行考核,考核合格的允许其(  )。", "options": {"A": "定期考核", "B": "接受培训和继续医学教育", "C": "继续执业", "D": "予以取缔"}, "answer": "继续执业", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "婴儿腹泻病为了纠正循环衰竭和改善肾血流,扩容阶段用2:1等张含钠液的正确方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "20mL/kg,于30~60分钟内静脉快速滴注", "B": "20mL/kg,每小时3~5m%7c/kg静脉滴注", "C": "20mL/kg,8~12小时静滴完", "D": "立即皮下注射,20mL/kg"}, "answer": "20mL/kg,于30~60分钟内静脉快速滴注", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,22岁,神志不清2h入院,既往患1型糖尿病5年,长期皮下注射胰岛素,近3d因腹泻而停用。查体:血压70/50mmHg,皮肤中度失水征,呼吸深大,有烂苹果味,心率130/min。3.考虑最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖尿病乳酸性酸中毒", "B": "糖尿病酮症酸中毒", "C": "糖尿病肾病", "D": "高渗性非酮症糖尿病昏迷"}, "answer": "糖尿病酮症酸中毒", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "膀胱肿瘤T1期表明肿瘤侵及(  )。", "options": {"A": "黏膜表面", "B": "黏膜固有层", "C": "深肌层", "D": "浆膜层"}, "answer": "黏膜固有层", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,32岁。发热伴寒战3天,肉眼血尿1天,无尿频、尿痛。查体:右肾区叩痛(+)。尿常规:蛋白(+),RBC 30~40/HP,WBC 20~30/HP,管型3~5/HP。其管型最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "透明管型", "B": "蜡样管型", "C": "白细胞管型", "D": "颗粒管型"}, "answer": "白细胞管型", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,32岁。反复右下腹痛2年,伴便秘、口腔溃疡,无发热及乏力。否认结核病史及结核密切接触史。查体:右下腹可触及边界不清的包块,可移动,压痛阳性。1.首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠结核", "B": "克罗恩病", "C": "阑尾炎", "D": "胆囊炎"}, "answer": "克罗恩病", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.糖酵解和乳酸异生成糖的交汇点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙酮酸", "B": "草酰乙酸", "C": "乙酰辅酶A", "D": "磷酸二羟丙酮"}, "answer": "丙酮酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "使胰蛋白酶原活化的最主要物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HCl", "B": "肠激酶", "C": "胰蛋白酶本身", "D": "糜蛋白酶"}, "answer": "肠激酶", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.寄生虫感染时最常见(  )。", "options": {"A": "单核细胞", "B": "淋巴细胞", "C": "嗜酸性粒细胞", "D": "肥大细胞"}, "answer": "嗜酸性粒细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "汽车正在行驶中,一名儿童突然冲向马路对面。司机急刹车,汽车在发出刺耳的刹车声后停住,儿童在车前的半米处跑过。这时司机顿感心跳加快,头上冒汗,手脚无力,这种情绪状态是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心境", "B": "情感", "C": "应激", "D": "情操"}, "answer": "应激", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,52岁,发现右乳外上象限肿块13个月,约3cm×2.5cm大小,同侧腋窝触及肿大、质硬淋巴结,全身情况良好。1.为确诊肿块性质最好采用(  )。", "options": {"A": "钼靶X摄影", "B": "红外线摄影", "C": "切除活检", "D": "切取活检"}, "answer": "切除活检", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.每克脂肪能产热量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "4kcal", "B": "7kcal", "C": "9kcal", "D": "11kcal"}, "answer": "9kcal", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.妄想(  )。", "options": {"A": "联想过程缺乏一定方向,概念间缺乏内在联系", "B": "大脑中反复出现的观念,明知不必要,却摆脱不了,感到非常痛苦", "C": "以往经验在记忆中大量脱失", "D": "缺乏事实依据,患者却坚信不疑的病理信念"}, "answer": "缺乏事实依据,患者却坚信不疑的病理信念", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.肠结核的好发部位(  )。", "options": {"A": "病变主要位于回盲部", "B": "病变主要位于直肠和乙状结肠", "C": "病变多位于回肠远段", "D": "十二指肠"}, "answer": "病变主要位于回盲部", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "前置胎盘病例,仅适用于阴道分娩的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "部分性前置胎盘而胎儿为头位", "B": "边缘性前置胎盘而胎儿为头位", "C": "部分性前置胎盘而胎儿为臀位", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "边缘性前置胎盘而胎儿为头位", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "支气管肺炎合并急性心衰的诊断依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "极度烦躁不安", "B": "心音低钝、奔马律", "C": "肝脏迅速增大", "D": "以上均是"}, "answer": "以上均是", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,30岁。因慢性皮肤溃疡迁延不愈需接受高压氧治疗。患者对高压氧舱的封闭环境感到十分恐惧。心理医生与患者进行了充分的沟通,在做好各种应急准备之后,让患者进入高压氧舱以快速克服恐惧心理。同时完成高压氧治疗。这种心理治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "放松训练", "B": "冲击疗法", "C": "系统脱敏法", "D": "认知疗法"}, "answer": "冲击疗法", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.烧、烫伤的水疱(  )。", "options": {"A": "以血浆渗出为主的炎症", "B": "以纤维蛋白渗出为主的炎症", "C": "以疏松组织内广泛中性粒细胞的浸润为主的炎症", "D": "以中性粒细胞浸润为主的炎症"}, "answer": "以血浆渗出为主的炎症", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一足月儿,生后2天,出现黄疸,肝脏略肿大。血总胆红素255μmol/L(15mg/dl),血型A型,Rh阳性。直接抗人球蛋白试验阴性,抗体释放试验IgG抗A抗体阳性。此患儿诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿生理性黄疸", "B": "新生儿ABO血型不合溶血症", "C": "新生儿肝炎早期", "D": "新生儿早期败血症"}, "answer": "新生儿ABO血型不合溶血症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肺通气的原动力是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸运动", "B": "肋间内肌与外肌的收缩", "C": "肋间内肌收缩", "D": "胸内压与肺内压之差"}, "answer": "呼吸运动", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "哪一种药物对心房颤动无效?(  )", "options": {"A": "地高辛", "B": "奎尼丁", "C": "胺碘酮", "D": "利多卡因"}, "answer": "利多卡因", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于切除阑尾的术后病人,下列哪种医患模式比较合理?(  )", "options": {"A": "被动-主动型", "B": "指导-合作型", "C": "主动-被动型", "D": "合作-指导型"}, "answer": "指导-合作型", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "风湿热,阿司匹林治疗剂量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小儿每日3~5mg/kg", "B": "小儿每日20~30mg/kg", "C": "小儿每日50~70mg/kg", "D": "小儿每日80~100mg/kg"}, "answer": "小儿每日80~100mg/kg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.急性肠梗阻(  )。", "options": {"A": "脐周围阵痛,伴有压痛、肠鸣音亢进,有肠型", "B": "上腹压痛,板样强直,肝浊音界消失", "C": "上腹部胀痛,伴有胃型及拍水声", "D": "胸骨下持续性钝痛,腹部体征正常"}, "answer": "脐周围阵痛,伴有压痛、肠鸣音亢进,有肠型", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是补体参与的反应?(  )", "options": {"A": "溶菌反应", "B": "中和反应", "C": "凝集反应", "D": "传染性变态反应"}, "answer": "溶菌反应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列对氯丙嗪的叙述哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "抑制呕吐中枢", "B": "能阻断脑内边缘系统多巴胺受体", "C": "可治疗各种原因所致的呕吐", "D": "制止顽固性呃逆"}, "answer": "可治疗各种原因所致的呕吐", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.促进骨钙动员的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状旁腺激素", "B": "胰岛素", "C": "甲状腺激素", "D": "糖皮质激素"}, "answer": "甲状旁腺激素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于骨折的愈合,下述哪一项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "骨牵引过度可造成延迟愈合或不愈合", "B": "手术比手法复位,更能增加愈合机会", "C": "内固定和外固定不充分不利愈合", "D": "适当功能练习有利于愈合"}, "answer": "手术比手法复位,更能增加愈合机会", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.胆红素在血液内运输形式(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆红素-清蛋白", "B": "胆红素-配体蛋白", "C": "胆红素葡萄糖醛酸酯", "D": "胆素原族"}, "answer": "胆红素-清蛋白", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有一名30岁男性患者,病程4个月,头痛发作入院。入院前出现左侧肢体无力和呕吐。入院查体:意识清,眼底视乳头水肿,左上下肢肌力Ⅳ级,腱反射活跃,病理征(+)。3.根本治疗原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "给予镇痛剂", "B": "脱水治疗", "C": "冬眠物理降温", "D": "去病因治疗"}, "answer": "去病因治疗", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "大脑半球占位病变所致颅内压增高的首选降颅压措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "快速静脉点滴20%甘露醇250ml", "B": "静脉小壶点滴地塞米松20mg", "C": "静推50%葡萄糖液100ml", "D": "脑室穿刺放液"}, "answer": "快速静脉点滴20%甘露醇250ml", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于小儿髓外造血,以下选项正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨髓外造血是婴幼儿主要造血场所", "B": "造血需要时可恢复胎儿期造血状态", "C": "表现肝大,脾和淋巴结不大", "D": "贫血矫正后仍不恢复正常状态"}, "answer": "造血需要时可恢复胎儿期造血状态", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.左小脑半球病变将导致(  )。", "options": {"A": "舞蹈病", "B": "躯干性共济失调", "C": "左侧肢体共济失调", "D": "闭目难立征阳性"}, "answer": "左侧肢体共济失调", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,35岁。早饱、体重下降1年。每餐进食约50g固体食物即感上腹部饱胀而无法继续进食。胃镜检查:黏膜光滑,花斑,以红为主。该患者胃运动障碍主要为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃体蠕动减弱", "B": "胃窦蠕动减弱", "C": "胃底容受性舒张障碍", "D": "胃排空延迟"}, "answer": "胃底容受性舒张障碍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,55岁。心房颤动5年,1年前曾发作语言不利伴肢体活动障碍。该患者长期抗凝治疗的药物首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿司匹林", "B": "低分子肝素", "C": "潘生丁", "D": "华法林"}, "answer": "华法林", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,66岁,乏力1个月。既往高血压病史4年。查体:BP 150/70mmHg,心率67次/min,律齐,腹软,腹部未闻及血管杂音。实验室检查:血钾2.9mmol/L,血肾素水平降低,醛固酮水平增高,CT示左侧肾上腺增生。该患者的最适宜降压药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氢氯噻嗪", "B": "呋塞米", "C": "螺内酯", "D": "普荼洛尔"}, "answer": "螺内酯", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,28岁。上呼吸道感染后2周,出现肉眼血尿、颜面水肿入院。体检:血压20/13.5kPa(150/100mmHg),尿蛋白(+),红细胞满视野,血Cr 180μmol/L。3.[假设信息]如果患者按上述诊断治疗2个月,尿检蛋白(++),红细胞15~20个/HP,血压与原先相仿,但血Cr增至400μmol/L,B超双肾增大,血红蛋白110g/L,血白蛋白40g/L。为进一步明确诊断首选的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中段尿培养", "B": "肾脏CT检查", "C": "尿找抗酸杆菌", "D": "肾活检术"}, "answer": "肾活检术", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.震颤麻痹(  )。", "options": {"A": "醉汉步态", "B": "慌张步态", "C": "剪刀样步态", "D": "划圈样步态下述病变引起"}, "answer": "慌张步态", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,74岁,1周前因股骨颈骨折卧床行保守牵引治疗。8小时前在睡眠中突发心前区疼痛,持续伴阵发加重,出汗,口含硝酸甘油不缓解。既往有高血压、糖尿病病史。入院查体:P 62次/min,BP 110/70mmHg,双肺(-),心脏不大,心律齐,A2>P2,双侧脉搏对称。患者心电图如下所示。1.对该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺栓塞", "B": "不稳定型心绞痛", "C": "急性心肌梗死", "D": "心脏神经官能症"}, "answer": "急性心肌梗死", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.前壁心肌梗死并发短阵室速宜选择的治疗药物为(  )。", "options": {"A": "地尔硫卓(硫氮酮)", "B": "洋地黄", "C": "利多卡因", "D": "胺碘酮"}, "answer": "利多卡因", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医疗保险设置开始支付医疗费用的最低标准,低于该标准的医疗费用由患者自付,该标准被称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "共付线", "B": "封顶线", "C": "起付线", "D": "封底线"}, "answer": "起付线", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于自知力的说法,以下正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "自知力就是指病感", "B": "自知力是对精神疾病的认识和判断能力", "C": "神经症患者都有自知力", "D": "重性精神病患者都没有自知力"}, "answer": "自知力是对精神疾病的认识和判断能力", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项不是癌前病变?(  )", "options": {"A": "黏膜白斑", "B": "脂肪瘤病", "C": "结肠息肉状腺瘤", "D": "慢性萎缩性胃炎"}, "answer": "脂肪瘤病", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,20岁。3年前无明显诱因渐起孤僻少语,不愿参加集体活动,甚至与父母也很少交流,上课时注意力不集中,成绩下降。个人生活懒于料理。3.该患者最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症青春型", "B": "精神分裂症单纯型", "C": "精神分裂症紧张型", "D": "精神分裂症偏执型"}, "answer": "精神分裂症单纯型", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪项为卡介苗的初种年龄?(  )", "options": {"A": "2天至2个月", "B": "5天至5个月", "C": "4天至4个月", "D": "6天至6个月"}, "answer": "2天至2个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列关于医患关系特点的表述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医者应保持情感的中立性", "B": "双方目的的一致性", "C": "医学知识和能力的对称性", "D": "医患矛盾存在的必然性"}, "answer": "医学知识和能力的对称性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,19岁,头晕乏力3个月,血红蛋白58g/L,白细胞3.8×109/L,血小板50×109/L,胸骨穿刺有核细胞增生活跃,各系细胞形成正常,需进一步做的检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "髂骨穿刺", "B": "骨髓染色", "C": "复查血常规", "D": "脊髓穿刺"}, "answer": "髂骨穿刺", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是诊断缺铁最肯定的依据?(  )", "options": {"A": "血涂片见典型小细胞低色素性红细胞", "B": "转铁蛋白饱和度降低", "C": "血清铁降低", "D": "骨髓小粒可染铁消失"}, "answer": "骨髓小粒可染铁消失", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于流行性脑脊髓膜炎的描述中,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性化脓性炎", "B": "夏季多见", "C": "好发于成年人", "D": "经消化道感染"}, "answer": "急性化脓性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,27岁。多食、善饥、大便次数增多,体重下降1个月。经甲巯咪唑治疗1个月后, FT3、FT4正常,TSH 0.01μmol/ml。查体:P 78次/分,BP 120/60mmHg,甲状腺Ⅲ度肿大,左侧明显,气管右偏。2.甲状腺切除术后半年,患者出现乏力、便秘、怕冷、体重增加,最可能需要的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左甲状腺素钠", "B": "糖皮质激素", "C": "丙硫氧嘧啶", "D": "复方碘溶液"}, "answer": "左甲状腺素钠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "自身免疫病治疗的手段有(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗炎类药物", "B": "免疫抑制剂", "C": "口服自身抗原", "D": "以上全都对"}, "answer": "以上全都对", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "外毒素经何物处理后可变成类毒素?(  )", "options": {"A": "甲醛", "B": "乙醛", "C": "乙醇", "D": "甲酸"}, "answer": "甲醛", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,女,1岁,仍单纯母乳喂养,不愿进辅食,近1个月面色渐苍白,活动少,捡土块吃。血象:Hb60g/L,RBC3.05×1012/L,WBC8×109/L,PLT225×109/L,MCV74pg、MCH26fl、MCHC28%。1.其诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "混合性贫血", "B": "巨幼红细胞性贫血", "C": "再生障碍性贫血", "D": "缺铁性贫血"}, "answer": "缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "脓血症最具特征性的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "白细胞计数达20~30×109/L以上", "B": "可出现感染性休克", "C": "转移性脓肿", "D": "寒战后高热"}, "answer": "转移性脓肿", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "人乳营养价值高,吸收好,下列哪项是酪蛋白:乳清蛋白的值?(  )", "options": {"A": "1:4", "B": "4:1", "C": "1:3", "D": "4:2"}, "answer": "1:4", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪种心电图改变有助于确诊低钾血症?(  )", "options": {"A": "U波", "B": "ST段压低", "C": "T波双向", "D": "QT间期延长"}, "answer": "U波", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "诊断浅表脓肿简单而有效的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "超声波", "B": "化验", "C": "波动感", "D": "核素检查"}, "answer": "波动感", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "传染病爆发、流行时,县级以上地方人民政府应当(  )。", "options": {"A": "宣布疫区", "B": "限制或者停止集市、集会", "C": "临时征用房屋、交通工具", "D": "立即组织力量防治,切断传播途径"}, "answer": "立即组织力量防治,切断传播途径", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,男,2岁,近1年多哭甚时出现青紫,查体:心前区隆起,胸骨左缘第3~4肋间可闻及Ⅳ级收缩期杂音,可触及震颤,X线检查示:左右心室及左房增大,肺血管影增多,肺动脉段凸出。1.此患儿的诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "法洛四联症", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "动脉导管未闭", "D": "房间隔缺损"}, "answer": "室间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "保障公民临床急救用血的需要,国家提倡(  )。", "options": {"A": "动员家庭、亲友献血", "B": "所在单位以互助献血", "C": "社会互助献血", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "恶性高血压的病理特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大、中动脉粥样硬化", "B": "微血管炎", "C": "肾脏纤维化", "D": "肾小动脉纤维样坏死"}, "answer": "肾小动脉纤维样坏死", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "当C5~T2脊髓前联合受损时将出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "双上肢及上胸部痛温觉减退,但触觉深感觉保留", "B": "双上肢痛温觉减退或缺失,但触觉及深感觉保留", "C": "双上肢痛温觉及触觉缺失,但深感觉保留", "D": "双上肢深感觉缺失,但触觉及痛温觉保留"}, "answer": "双上肢痛温觉减退或缺失,但触觉及深感觉保留", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于幼儿期以下正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "此期是小儿生长发育最快的时期", "B": "生后1岁到3岁", "C": "具有较大的可塑性,应做好入学前准备", "D": "理解,分析,综合能力逐步改善"}, "answer": "生后1岁到3岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "属于专性需氧菌的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄球菌", "B": "结核杆菌", "C": "伤寒杆菌", "D": "肺炎球菌"}, "answer": "结核杆菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不影响术后伤口愈合的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "术中过多使用电灼止血", "B": "止血不充分", "C": "留置引流", "D": "伤口边缘内翻"}, "answer": "留置引流", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "神经、肌肉、腺体受阈刺激产生反应的共同表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "分泌", "B": "收缩", "C": "局部电位", "D": "动作电位"}, "answer": "动作电位", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,53岁,10年前出现情绪低落与情感高涨交替出现,情绪低落时表现为早醒、闷闷不乐、不思饮食,对事物失去兴趣,足不出户,轻生念头明显,持续2~3个月后,突然转为话多、兴奋、整日忙忙碌碌、四处购物、爱交际、自感精力充沛,才智过人,持续1月后,再次转为情绪低落,如此反复。体检及神经系统无异常。3.当病人服用碳酸锂时,做何种检查对监测血锂浓度有一定价值?(  )", "options": {"A": "血常规", "B": "肾功能", "C": "脑电图", "D": "血沉"}, "answer": "脑电图", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "5.胸膜腔内压的负值大小取决于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺泡上皮细胞", "B": "肺间质", "C": "毛细血管基膜和内皮细胞", "D": "肺泡表面液体层"}, "answer": "肺间质", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "谵妄的特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "意识障碍", "B": "记忆障碍", "C": "定向障碍", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "鉴别醛固酮瘤及特发性醛固酮增多症,最有意义的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "去氧皮质醇测定", "B": "18-羟皮质酮测定", "C": "血浆ACTH测定", "D": "血浆肾素一血管紧张素测定"}, "answer": "18-羟皮质酮测定", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "应用酶联免疫测定法检测抗破伤风类毒素抗体,最后一步加入酶底物显色,所测定底颜色的光密度值(  )。", "options": {"A": "同病人血清中特异性抗体的浓度呈正比", "B": "同病人血清中特异性抗体的浓度呈反比", "C": "同固相上结合的抗原呈正比", "D": "同酶底物的浓度呈反比"}, "answer": "同病人血清中特异性抗体的浓度呈正比", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有关Ⅲ度胎盘早剥的描述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阴道流血量与贫血程度成正比", "B": "易导致凝血功能障碍", "C": "胎盘剥离面为胎盘面积的1/5", "D": "一般胎儿存活"}, "answer": "易导致凝血功能障碍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.股骨粗隆间骨折的典型畸形(  )。", "options": {"A": "外旋90°", "B": "屈曲、内收、内旋", "C": "屈曲、外展、外旋", "D": "屈曲、外展、内旋"}, "answer": "外旋90°", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不符合脑膜炎双球菌的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "仅存在于人体的细菌", "B": "奈瑟菌属", "C": "革兰阳性菌", "D": "在普通培养基上不能生长"}, "answer": "革兰阳性菌", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肝中较丰富的LDH同工酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "LDH1", "B": "LDH2", "C": "LDH3", "D": "LDH5"}, "answer": "LDH5", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "维系DNA双链间碱基配对的化学键是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氢键", "B": "磷酸二酯键", "C": "疏水键", "D": "糖苷键"}, "answer": "氢键", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列关于女性外阴解剖结构的描述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "前庭大腺位于大阴唇后部,被球海绵体肌覆盖", "B": "阴道前庭有尿道外口、阴道口和肛门", "C": "阴蒂分为阴蒂头和阴蒂脚两部分", "D": "大阴唇的外侧为皮肤,内侧为黏膜"}, "answer": "前庭大腺位于大阴唇后部,被球海绵体肌覆盖", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,12岁。1个月前无明显诱因出现左胫骨近端肿痛,逐渐加重,皮肤表面静脉怒张,皮温增高。X线片见左胫骨近端呈溶骨性破坏,伴有骨膜日光放射表现。1.确诊该病的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CT", "B": "MRI", "C": "组织活检", "D": "B超"}, "answer": "组织活检", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,35岁,反复发作右上腹痛伴寒战、发热4年;3天前再次出现同样症状。查体:体温40.5℃,脉搏130次/min,血压62/46mmHg,嗜睡,巩膜黄染,右上腹压痛及肌紧张,肝区叩痛明显。1.对该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "重症胆管炎、肝内外胆管结石", "B": "化脓性胆囊炎", "C": "重症胰腺炎", "D": "急性胆囊炎"}, "answer": "重症胆管炎、肝内外胆管结石", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "必须严格执行国务院卫生行政部门规定的管理制度、操作规程,防止传染病的医源性感染和致病性微生物的扩散等的单位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医疗机构、卫生防疫机构", "B": "保健机构、卫生防疫机构", "C": "卫生防疫机构,从事致病性微生物实验的单位", "D": "医疗机构、保健机构、卫生防疫机构,从事致病性微生物实验的单位"}, "answer": "医疗机构、保健机构、卫生防疫机构,从事致病性微生物实验的单位", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "溃疡性结肠炎患者最典型的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹泻、腹痛、脓血便", "B": "排便困难伴腹痛,无便血", "C": "硬结便带血,便与血不混", "D": "腹痛,便后可缓解,无便血"}, "answer": "腹泻、腹痛、脓血便", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "婴儿体内水分占体重的(  )。", "options": {"A": "30%~35%", "B": "40%~45%", "C": "50%~55%", "D": "70%~75%"}, "answer": "70%~75%", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "治疗强心苷引起的房室传导阻滞最好选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯化钾", "B": "异丙肾上腺素", "C": "阿托品", "D": "苯妥英钠"}, "answer": "阿托品", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "预防新生儿淋球菌所致脓漏眼的消毒剂是(  )。", "options": {"A": "0.1%高锰酸钾", "B": "2%红汞", "C": "1%硝酸银", "D": "2%碘伏"}, "answer": "1%硝酸银", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者左眼睑下垂,眼球外斜视,右侧中枢性偏瘫,病变部位在(  )。", "options": {"A": "右侧脑桥", "B": "左侧脑桥", "C": "左侧中脑", "D": "左侧脑桥及中脑"}, "answer": "左侧中脑", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪种病变属于感染性肉芽肿?(  )", "options": {"A": "结核性肉芽肿", "B": "脂肪坏死性肉芽肿", "C": "炎性息肉", "D": "炎性假瘤"}, "answer": "结核性肉芽肿", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "已知双链DNA中一条链的A=25%,C=35%,其互补链的碱基组成应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "T+G=60%", "B": "T+G=55%", "C": "A+G=60%", "D": "T+C=35%"}, "answer": "T+G=60%", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,60岁,半年前因精神因素起病,表现为失眠、好忘事、说话哕嗦。复发近4个月,愁眉苦脸,要自杀,少言少语,对不起子女,翻箱倒柜,认错家人。既往有高血压史,无卒中史。曾诊断为“抑郁症”、“原发性高血压”。经治疗,一度病情好转,表现豁然开朗,对往事感到莫明其妙,2天后病情复发。躯体检查:血压160/11OmmHg,四肢肌张力增高,双手震颤,无病理反射。精神检查:阵发性意识不清,表情淡漠,缄默违拗,拒饮拒食,近记忆力明显减退,告诉事转眼即忘,远记忆尚可,能正确回忆重大生活事件。1.下述哪一项检查最有意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "测血压心脏功能,心脏X线检查", "B": "头颅CT", "C": "脑脊液", "D": "智能测试"}, "answer": "头颅CT", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于肝素,哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "肝素不能口服", "B": "肝素是通过抗凝血酶Ⅲ起作用", "C": "肝素用量越大,其抗凝活性t1/2越长", "D": "肝素只在体外有抗凝血作用"}, "answer": "肝素只在体外有抗凝血作用", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "中毒的治疗原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即终止接触毒物", "B": "使用特效解毒药", "C": "对症处理", "D": "以上均是"}, "answer": "以上均是", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "自身免疫病治疗原则中属抗感染的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗MHC-II类Ag或CD4分子的Ab", "B": "环孢素A", "C": "皮质激素", "D": "血浆置换"}, "answer": "皮质激素", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "确定高分化鳞癌的主要依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "未发现有淋巴转移", "B": "有角化珠和细胞间桥", "C": "有癌巢", "D": "瘤组织细胞异型性不明显"}, "answer": "有角化珠和细胞间桥", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.对中枢抑制作用最强(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯海拉明", "B": "特非那定", "C": "西咪替丁", "D": "雷尼替丁"}, "answer": "苯海拉明", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "思维过程主要体现在(  )。", "options": {"A": "对事物的分析过程中", "B": "对事物的综合过程中", "C": "对事物的比较过程中", "D": "解决问题的活动中"}, "answer": "解决问题的活动中", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医德评价方式不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "非正式社会舆论", "B": "正式社会舆论", "C": "内心信念", "D": "卫生行政仲裁"}, "answer": "卫生行政仲裁", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,70岁,乏力、厌食、体重减轻半年入院,查体:右侧腹部可触及8cm×5cm肿块,血常规:血红蛋白72g/L,该病人最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙状结肠癌", "B": "升结肠癌", "C": "横结肠癌", "D": "降结肠癌"}, "answer": "升结肠癌", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对地高辛过量中毒,引起的心动过速,哪一项是不应采取的措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "用呋塞米加速排出", "B": "停药", "C": "给氯化钾", "D": "给地高辛的特异性抗体"}, "answer": "用呋塞米加速排出", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,20岁。右胸刀刺伤2小时就诊,既往体健。查体:T 36.5℃,P 120次/分,R 24次/分,BP 80/60mmHg。面色苍白,皮肤潮湿,右胸腋前线第5肋间2cm伤口,有血液流出,右胸叩诊实音,呼吸音减弱。急行胸腔闭式引流,引流出血性液体约600ml,1小时内又引流出血性液体300ml。2.最有效的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "气管插管呼吸机辅助呼吸", "B": "开胸探查", "C": "输液、输血", "D": "调整引流管位置"}, "answer": "开胸探查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "心室肌细胞动作电位持续时间长的原因主要是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "1期复极时程长", "B": "0期去极时程长", "C": "2期复极时程长", "D": "3期复极时程长"}, "answer": "2期复极时程长", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "病人男性,58岁,突然头痛呕吐,伴意识丧失30min。查体神志清楚,颈部抵抗,克氏征阳性。右侧眼睑下垂,右侧瞳孔4mm,光反应消失。2.最好的诊断措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰椎穿刺", "B": "视力检查", "C": "头颅CT", "D": "视神经孔像"}, "answer": "头颅CT", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,36岁。因前置胎盘大出血入院行手术治疗。术中输注红细胞悬液26个单位,机采血小板2个治疗量,手术创面渗血不止。实验室检查:Hb 100g/L,血小板90×109/L,凝血酶原时间(PT)为21s(正常对照为11~15s),血浆纤维蛋白原0.6g/L。此时应输注(  )。", "options": {"A": "全血", "B": "红细胞悬液", "C": "浓缩血小板", "D": "新鲜冰冻血浆"}, "answer": "全血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.单位时间内药物按一定比率消除是(  )。", "options": {"A": "半衰期", "B": "消除速率常数", "C": "零级动力学消除", "D": "一级动力学消除"}, "answer": "一级动力学消除", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿下呼吸道解剖特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右支气管短、粗,异物易坠入", "B": "婴儿胸廓呈桶状,心脏呈横位", "C": "肺含血量多,含气量少,易于感染", "D": "以上均是"}, "answer": "以上均是", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "梁某的姐姐因患子宫脱垂在某医院接受手术治疗,术后第3天突然死亡。梁某对死因提出质疑,要求复印其姐姐的全部病例资料。医院工作人员依据《医疗事故处理条例》提供了其有权复印的病例资料。以下病例资料中可复印的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "会诊意见", "B": "上级医师查房记录", "C": "病程记录", "D": "化验检查结果"}, "answer": "化验检查结果", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "子宫内膜异位症根治手术适用于(  )。", "options": {"A": "45岁以上重度患者", "B": "45岁以下轻度患者", "C": "45岁以上轻度患者", "D": "45岁以下中度患者"}, "answer": "45岁以上重度患者", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "以下何种疾病不属于慢性炎症?(  )", "options": {"A": "支气管哮喘", "B": "动脉粥样硬化症", "C": "肠增殖性结核", "D": "宫颈息肉"}, "answer": "动脉粥样硬化症", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.钙磷比例为2:1,佝偻病患病率低(  )。", "options": {"A": "母乳", "B": "鲜牛奶", "C": "羊奶", "D": "炼乳"}, "answer": "母乳", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "《执业医师法》规定管理本行政区域内医师的工作机构是(  )。", "options": {"A": "县级以上人民政府劳动人事部门", "B": "县级以上人民政府卫生行政部门", "C": "医师协会", "D": "县级以上人民政府"}, "answer": "县级以上人民政府卫生行政部门", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性宫颈炎最常见的病理变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫颈肥大", "B": "宫颈糜烂", "C": "宫颈息肉", "D": "宫颈腺囊肿"}, "answer": "宫颈糜烂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "尿胆红素含量增加,尿胆原阴性提示黄疸类型为(  )。", "options": {"A": "溶血性黄疸", "B": "胆汁淤积性黄疸", "C": "肝癌性黄疸", "D": "先天性非溶血性黄疸"}, "answer": "胆汁淤积性黄疸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性病人,15岁,近1个月来多尿,口渴多饮,消瘦,查空腹血糖18mmol/L,尿糖(++++),酮体(+);其母患糖尿病5年。查体:身高1.67m,体重45kg,心、肺、腹(-)。1.为明确糖尿病的类型,应做下列哪项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "血酮体成分测定", "B": "胰岛素释放试验", "C": "口服葡萄糖耐量试验", "D": "ICA,GAD-Ab"}, "answer": "ICA,GAD-Ab", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,45岁。发热、咳脓痰1周,胸部X线片示右下叶背段浸润阴影。用头孢呋辛治疗,体温稍下降,但痰量增多,为脓血痰,有臭味。1周后复查胸部X线片示:大片浸润阴影中出现空洞。1.治疗中需加用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿米卡星", "B": "左氧氟沙星", "C": "甲硝唑", "D": "红霉素"}, "answer": "甲硝唑", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,35岁,发现右乳外上象限无痛性肿块1个月,体检:双乳皮肤无发红、水肿、凹陷,肿块约3cm×3cm,质地较硬,与周围组织无明显界限,可移动,腋窝淋巴结无肿大。3.若快速病理检查提示乳腺癌。此时应行(  )。", "options": {"A": "切除肿块及包膜,连带周围少许乳腺组织", "B": "全乳切除", "C": "乳腺癌改良根治术", "D": "乳腺癌扩大根治术"}, "answer": "乳腺癌改良根治术", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.脑梗死(  )。", "options": {"A": "梗死灶地图形", "B": "梗死灶节段状", "C": "梗死灶发生液化", "D": "梗死灶发生出血"}, "answer": "梗死灶发生液化", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "局部组织因血流阻断而引起的坏死称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "栓塞", "B": "血栓形成", "C": "机化", "D": "梗死"}, "answer": "梗死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医疗事故必须是给病员造成危害结果,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "组织器官损伤导致功能障碍", "B": "因诊疗护理过失延长了治疗时间", "C": "残废", "D": "严重毁容"}, "answer": "因诊疗护理过失延长了治疗时间", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男性,7岁,咳嗽1周,喘3天,无发热,门诊就诊。3.患儿治疗,哪一项不必要?(  )", "options": {"A": "止咳祛痰", "B": "抗生素", "C": "输血", "D": "适当镇静"}, "answer": "输血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.常规抗休克措施应用后血压仍不理想的顽固性休克患者,必要时可试用哪种药物治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "酚妥拉明", "B": "多巴酚丁胺", "C": "呋塞米", "D": "糖皮质激素"}, "answer": "糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,24岁。背重物时突然昏倒2小时入院。查体:P 120次/min,R 30次/min,BP 80/60mmHg,神清,面色苍白,腹胀,全腹轻度压痛及反跳痛,移动性浊音阳性,肠鸣音消失,左下胸有皮肤瘀斑痕迹。1周前因车祸撞击左下胸部,曾卧床休息2天。2.为进一步明确诊断,急诊首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B超", "B": "MRI", "C": "腹部X线", "D": "腹腔穿刺"}, "answer": "B超", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "76岁老人,平素健康,跌倒后,致股骨头下型骨折,有移位,选择哪一种治疗最合适?(  )", "options": {"A": "髋“人”字石膏固定", "B": "骨牵引治疗", "C": "股骨粗隆间截骨术", "D": "人工股骨头置换术"}, "answer": "人工股骨头置换术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "房室瓣开始开放的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心室舒张,室内压低于动脉压", "B": "心房收缩,房内压高于室内压", "C": "心室舒张,室内压低于心房压", "D": "心房舒张,房内压下降"}, "answer": "心室舒张,室内压低于心房压", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.细菌性痢疾(  )。", "options": {"A": "溃疡长轴与肠轴平行", "B": "溃疡呈烧瓶状,口小底大", "C": "溃疡呈地图状", "D": "溃疡边缘呈堤状隆起"}, "answer": "溃疡呈地图状", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,63岁。咳嗽、痰中带血丝半年余。吸烟40余年。胸部X线片示右上肺近肺门处肿块影。2.如拟手术治疗,下列不属于手术禁忌证的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对侧肺门淋巴结转移", "B": "锁骨上淋巴结转移", "C": "同侧肺门淋巴结转移", "D": "脑转移"}, "answer": "同侧肺门淋巴结转移", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项不是病毒性肝炎的基本病理变化?(  )", "options": {"A": "肝细胞气球样变", "B": "肝细胞嗜酸性坏死", "C": "肝细胞溶解坏死", "D": "肝细胞脂肪变性"}, "answer": "肝细胞脂肪变性", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "早产儿有呼吸暂停,主要是因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸中枢相对不成熟", "B": "肺泡表面活性物质少", "C": "肋间肌力弱", "D": "膈肌位置高"}, "answer": "呼吸中枢相对不成熟", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,56岁,因风湿性心脏病给予地高辛0.5mg/d,连续治疗一个月后,病情好转,但病人出现恶心呕吐、黄视等症状。经检查:心电图显示P—P间期和P—R间期延长;地高辛血浓度为3.2ng/ml。诊断为地高辛中毒。除立即停药外,还应采用什么药治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "苯妥英钠", "B": "普萘洛尔", "C": "钾盐", "D": "阿托品"}, "answer": "阿托品", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.上述哪项是印戒细胞癌的组织学表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "癌细胞团漂浮在粘液中", "B": "粘液将癌细胞核推向一侧", "C": "癌细胞排列成条索状", "D": "癌细胞形成乳头"}, "answer": "粘液将癌细胞核推向一侧", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.正常成年女性血液中红细胞计数是(  )。", "options": {"A": "(4~10)×109个/L", "B": "4000~10000个/cm3", "C": "400万~500万个/ml", "D": "(3.5~5.0)×1012个/L"}, "answer": "(3.5~5.0)×1012个/L", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于深部脓肿的临床表现,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "局部红肿并不明显", "B": "可扪到波动感", "C": "有全身症状", "D": "穿刺有脓"}, "answer": "可扪到波动感", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,40岁。突发上腹痛、恶心8小时。疼痛由局部逐渐波及全腹,伴发热。既往十二指肠溃疡病史20年。查体:T 38.4℃,P 104次/分,R 26次/分,BP 110/70mmHg。双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心律齐。全腹肌紧张,压痛和反跳痛阳性,肠鸣音消失。对这种疾病的描述中错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "保守治疗无效后需剖腹探查", "B": "若诊断和治疗延误易致中毒性休克", "C": "常常伴有代谢性碱中毒", "D": "大多数合并麻痹性肠梗阻"}, "answer": "常常伴有代谢性碱中毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "导致子宫脱垂最常见的原因(  )。", "options": {"A": "盆底肌肉退行性变", "B": "分娩损伤", "C": "长期便秘", "D": "盆底肌肉发育不良"}, "answer": "分娩损伤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于胰腺炎的叙述不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "常在饱餐或饮酒后发作", "B": "腹痛多向腰背部放射,以左侧为著", "C": "禁食期靠静脉应用高浓度脂肪乳作营养支持", "D": "血清淀粉酶>300U/L即可诊断"}, "answer": "血清淀粉酶>300U/L即可诊断", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "64岁女患者,因头晕,左眼不能闭合三天来就诊。查体:左眼裂增大,闭合不全,左眼不能外展。2.如查体发现右下肢病理反射阳性,该患者最可能的病变位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "右侧皮层下白质", "B": "左侧脑桥", "C": "左侧中脑", "D": "右侧延髓"}, "answer": "左侧脑桥", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "心源性脑栓塞时,栓塞多发生在(  )。", "options": {"A": "大脑后动脉", "B": "大脑中动脉", "C": "椎动脉", "D": "基底动脉"}, "answer": "大脑中动脉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,30岁,1年来常感下腹胀痛,曾在多家医院检查无异常,但仍紧张不安,近半年出现闷闷不乐,早醒,对事物兴趣丧失,感到自己的身体状况越来越差,认为自己得了绝症,时常对着家人哭泣,认为自己没有能力抚养子女,不但连累了家庭,给领导带来麻烦,还成为社会的负担,只有一死才能解脱。体检及神经系统无异常。1.该病人的诊断考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "焦虑症", "C": "抑郁发作", "D": "神经衰弱"}, "answer": "抑郁发作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男45岁,高处坠落伤7小时,伤后未排尿,查体:神志清,BP 80/55mmHg,血氧饱和度90%,颈部、背部、腰部、胸部无压痛,心率122次/分,腹部无压痛、肌紧张,上肢感觉活动正常,骨盆分离挤压试验(+),髋关节活动受限,大腿见多处皮肤擦伤并有沙粒污染,下肢感觉运动正常,入院后首先要进行的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即留置导尿", "B": "临时固定骨盆", "C": "立即清创,防止创面感染", "D": "立即开通静脉补液通路"}, "answer": "立即开通静脉补液通路", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在社区获得性肺炎的致病菌中约占40%的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "流感嗜血杆菌", "B": "肺炎军团菌", "C": "葡萄球菌", "D": "肺炎链球菌"}, "answer": "肺炎链球菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.多巴胺舒张肾血管是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制单胺氧化酶", "B": "抑制胆碱酯酶", "C": "激动多巴胺受体", "D": "阻断多巴胺受体"}, "answer": "激动多巴胺受体", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于患支原体肺炎的患者,首选的抗生素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红霉素", "B": "先锋霉素", "C": "青霉素", "D": "庆大霉素"}, "answer": "红霉素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,20岁。2小时前车祸伤及腹部,急诊入院。查体:痛苦面容,意识模糊,皮肤黏膜苍白,腹部压痛、反跳痛、腹肌紧张,血压85/60mmHg,心率120次/分。正确的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗休克治疗,观察疗效", "B": "抗休克治疗的同时剖腹探查", "C": "立即剖腹探查", "D": "扩血管"}, "answer": "抗休克治疗的同时剖腹探查", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,56岁,心房颤动患者,突然发生命名困难。2周来共发生过5次,每次持续2~15秒。查体:无神经系统异常。脑CT无异常。3.最适宜的预防治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿司匹林", "B": "低分子右旋糖酐", "C": "胞二磷胆碱", "D": "降纤酶"}, "answer": "阿司匹林", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "蛋白质-热能营养不良常见并发的维生素缺乏是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素A1", "B": "维生素B1", "C": "维生素C", "D": "维生素D"}, "answer": "维生素A1", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医师在执业活动中发生医疗事故不按规定报告的,应承担的法律责任是(  )。", "options": {"A": "暂停1~6个月的执业活动", "B": "行政罚款处罚", "C": "暂停6~12个月的执业活动", "D": "注销执业证书"}, "answer": "暂停6~12个月的执业活动", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "氯霉素临床上首选用于治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤寒、副伤寒", "B": "军团病", "C": "淋球菌感染", "D": "百日咳"}, "answer": "伤寒、副伤寒", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,70岁。胃癌根治后7天。因肺部感染,突发剧烈咳嗽后出现腹部手术切口疼痛,有多量淡红色溢出液,该患者可能发生的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部切口疝", "B": "切口内血肿", "C": "切口脂肪液化", "D": "切口裂开"}, "answer": "切口裂开", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.静脉滴注甘露醇导致(  )。", "options": {"A": "水利尿", "B": "渗透性利尿", "C": "尿崩症", "D": "尿失禁"}, "answer": "渗透性利尿", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,23岁,间断发热、关节痛1年半月来高热、皮疹、下肢浮肿;血压120/80mmHg,皮肤无紫癜,肝脾不大,尿蛋白(+++),尿红细胞5~10/HP,颗粒管型偶见,Hb 98g/L,网织红细胞5%,血BUN 7mmol/L。4.本例病人的贫血是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溶血性贫血", "B": "再生障碍性贫血", "C": "缺铁性贫血", "D": "巨幼细胞性贫血"}, "answer": "溶血性贫血", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.类风湿性关节炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "关节间隙狭窄有骨质破坏", "B": "有骨赘形成", "C": "普遍性骨质疏松", "D": "压缩性骨折"}, "answer": "关节间隙狭窄有骨质破坏", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是T细胞分化成熟的场所?(  )", "options": {"A": "骨髓", "B": "胸腺", "C": "脾脏", "D": "黏膜淋巴组织"}, "answer": "胸腺", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性肾功能衰竭时,可用何药与利尿剂配伍来增加尿量(  )。", "options": {"A": "多巴胺", "B": "间羟胺", "C": "异丙肾上腺素", "D": "肾上腺素"}, "answer": "多巴胺", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男性,65岁,陈旧性广泛前壁心肌梗死7年,活动后胸闷,心悸、气短2年,近1周出现夜间阵发性呼吸困难。体检:端坐呼吸,BP 160/90mmHg,P 120/min。P2亢进,心脏各瓣膜区未闻及杂音;双肺底可闻及细湿啰音,双肺散在哮鸣音;腹平软,肝脾肋下未触及,双下肢无水肿。空腹血糖4.2mmol/L。心电图:V1~V6导联ST段压低0.05~0.1mV。血清肌钙蛋白I正常。1.该患者目前最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺动脉栓塞", "B": "支气管哮喘", "C": "急性心肌梗死", "D": "急性左心衰竭"}, "answer": "急性左心衰竭", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "登革病毒的血清型数目有(  )。", "options": {"A": "1个", "B": "2个", "C": "3个", "D": "4个"}, "answer": "4个", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.人流术中(  )。", "options": {"A": "易引起DIC", "B": "易引起失血性休克", "C": "易引起宫颈粘连", "D": "易引起迷走神经综合征"}, "answer": "易引起迷走神经综合征", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "DNA变性的本质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "磷酸二酯键断裂", "B": "N—C糖苷键断裂", "C": "碱基内C—C键断裂", "D": "互补碱基之间氢键断裂"}, "answer": "互补碱基之间氢键断裂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "Weber综合征指的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病灶侧动眼神经瘫,同侧面神经、舌下神经及肢体上运动神经元瘫", "B": "病灶侧面神经、舌下神经及肢体上运动神经元瘫,对侧动眼神经瘫", "C": "病灶侧动眼神经瘫,对侧面神经、舌下神经及肢体上运动神经元瘫", "D": "病灶侧展神经及面神经瘫,病灶对侧肢体上运动神经元瘫"}, "answer": "病灶侧动眼神经瘫,对侧面神经、舌下神经及肢体上运动神经元瘫", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.眼球内斜视(  )。", "options": {"A": "外展神经损害", "B": "三叉神经损害", "C": "面神经损害", "D": "舌下神经损害"}, "answer": "外展神经损害", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.甲状腺髓样癌可能出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "自身免疫性疾病", "B": "细菌感染", "C": "血钙降低", "D": "碘缺乏"}, "answer": "血钙降低", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,30岁,持续高热2周后入院,查体:T 39.8℃,呼吸86次/分,神志清楚,表情淡漠,面色苍白,前胸部可见散在红色斑丘疹,脾肋下可及。1.首先应考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤寒", "B": "疟疾", "C": "肾病综合征出血热", "D": "败血症"}, "answer": "伤寒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "严重感染时,患者基础能量消耗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "20~24kcal/(kg·d)", "B": "25~29kcal/(kg·d)", "C": "30~35kcal/(kg·d)", "D": "36~40kcal/(kg·d)"}, "answer": "30~35kcal/(kg·d)", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "初产妇,26岁,分娩过程中,宫口开全2小时10分钟,先露S=+2,胎位LOT,宫缩强度由强转为中,持续40分钟,宫缩间歇时间由2.5分钟延长至4~5分钟,诊断为第二产程延长,造成这种情况最常见的原因是下列哪一项?(  )", "options": {"A": "宫缩乏力", "B": "产妇衰竭", "C": "中骨盆平面狭窄", "D": "盆骨出口狭窄"}, "answer": "中骨盆平面狭窄", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "室壁瘤的主要依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "频发室早", "B": "病理性Q波及ST段持续抬高", "C": "T波倒置", "D": "运动试验阳性"}, "answer": "病理性Q波及ST段持续抬高", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "接受婚前医学检查的人员对检查结果持有异议的(  )。", "options": {"A": "可以申请复议", "B": "可以申请医学技术鉴定", "C": "可以提起诉讼", "D": "可以重新接受婚前医学检查"}, "answer": "可以申请医学技术鉴定", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,45岁。低热,头痛,嗜睡,说在墙壁上看到了妖怪,有人要害他,感觉被监视,被隔离,该患者属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "妄想状态", "B": "关系妄想", "C": "意识障碍", "D": "朦胧状态"}, "answer": "妄想状态", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,40岁,腹胀、腹部持续性隐痛、发热一周。“肝炎”病史12年,近4年来乏力、纳差,面色晦暗,间断性齿龈出血。查体:腹部膨隆,无肌紧张,全腹压痛及反跳痛,肝未触及,脾肋下3cm,移动性浊音阳性。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹腔转移癌", "B": "肝硬化合并自发性腹膜炎", "C": "肝硬化合并肝肾综合征", "D": "继发性腹膜炎"}, "answer": "肝硬化合并自发性腹膜炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.经抢救意识逐渐恢复,此时的医患关系模式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "指导合作型", "B": "共同参与型", "C": "患者至上型", "D": "互惠型"}, "answer": "指导合作型", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "采用吲哚美辛治疗动脉导管未闭的最佳年龄段是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿期", "B": "学龄期", "C": "青春期", "D": "学龄前期"}, "answer": "新生儿期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "慢性呼吸衰竭时少见的电解质紊乱类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低钾血症", "B": "低钠血症", "C": "高钾血症", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "低钾血症", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.氯丙嗪长期大量应用可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "水杨酸反应", "B": "锥体外系反应", "C": "高血压症", "D": "糖皮质激素分泌亢进"}, "answer": "锥体外系反应", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项不是心理评估常用的方法?(  )", "options": {"A": "会谈法", "B": "实验法", "C": "作品分析法", "D": "心理测验法"}, "answer": "实验法", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.防止疟疾复发的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯喹", "B": "乙胺嘧啶", "C": "伯氨喹", "D": "奎宁"}, "answer": "伯氨喹", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于合并心脏病的病人手术前准备,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性心肌炎除急症抢救外,手术应推迟", "B": "风湿性心脏病的病人手术耐受力差", "C": "发生心力衰竭的病人,最好在心力衰竭控制1个月后再手术", "D": "心肌梗死病人6个月后再手术"}, "answer": "风湿性心脏病的病人手术耐受力差", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "乳果糖治疗肝性脑病的作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "促进肝细胞再生", "B": "抑制肠道细菌增殖", "C": "减少肠内氨的形成和吸收", "D": "供给糖,以提供热量"}, "answer": "减少肠内氨的形成和吸收", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1岁女孩,腹泻3天,每日约20次·大便呈蛋花汤样,无脓血。查体:前囟、眼窝凹陷,皮肤弹性极差,四肢凉,脉搏细速。化验血清钠130mmol/L,CO2CP10mmol/L。首先应给的液体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维持液120~150mJ/kg", "B": "2∶1等张含钠液20ml/kg扩容", "C": "2∶2∶1液20ml/kg扩容", "D": "10%氯化钾10ml/kg"}, "answer": "2∶1等张含钠液20ml/kg扩容", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "55岁女性,右手拇指晨起僵硬伴疼痛半年,近2周出现该处的肿胀及活动受限,被动活动患指可出现伴疼痛的弹响。临床诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "类风湿关节炎", "B": "关节内游离体", "C": "风湿性关节炎", "D": "狭窄性腱鞘炎"}, "answer": "狭窄性腱鞘炎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,35岁。会阴部骑跨伤,受伤后尿道外口满血,会阴部和阴囊处肿胀、瘀斑及蝶形血肿。2.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "后尿道挫裂饬", "B": "膀胱挫伤", "C": "前尿道裂伤", "D": "前尿道挫伤"}, "answer": "前尿道裂伤", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肝硬化患者出现血性腹水,但无腹痛及发热。应首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核性腹膜炎", "B": "原发性肝癌", "C": "门静脉血栓形成", "D": "肝肾综合征"}, "answer": "原发性肝癌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.先天性甲状腺功能减低症(  )。", "options": {"A": "嗜睡、腹胀、便秘", "B": "四肢细长", "C": "高腭弓、通贯手", "D": "智力正常"}, "answer": "嗜睡、腹胀、便秘", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.肠热症的早期(  )。", "options": {"A": "肥达反应(WidaI Test):O抗体增高,H抗体不高", "B": "肥达反应:O抗体增高,H抗体增高", "C": "肥达反应:O抗体不高,H抗体不高", "D": "副伤寒沙门菌O抗体增高"}, "answer": "肥达反应(WidaI Test):O抗体增高,H抗体不高", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,50岁。半年来反复出现腹泻,粪便糊样,时有腹泻和便秘交替。检查:轻度贫血貌,右下腹部可扪及肿块.胃肠X线检查显示回盲部钡剂充盈缺损。可能性最小的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结肠癌", "B": "血吸虫", "C": "肠结核", "D": "慢性溃疡性结肠炎"}, "answer": "慢性溃疡性结肠炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.强心苷中毒导致窦性心动过缓的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "增加房室结的隐匿性传导", "B": "加强心肌收缩力", "C": "抑制窦房结", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "抑制窦房结", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "最易发生脂肪变性的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺脏", "B": "心脏", "C": "肝脏", "D": "肾脏"}, "answer": "肝脏", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,40岁。咳嗽、脓痰半年,尤以运动后明显加重,每次咳痰均带血,明显乏力,近3个月来体重下降约4kg,无明显发热。吸烟10余年,1~2包/d,高血压病史4年。查体:浅表淋巴结未及,肝脾肋下未及,杵状指(+)。2.下列检查中,对该患者疾病诊断意义最大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血气分析", "B": "胸部HRCT检查", "C": "血清结核抗体检查", "D": "胸部X线片"}, "answer": "胸部HRCT检查", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,重体力劳动工人,腰腿痛,并向左下肢放散,咳嗽、喷嚏时加重。检查腰部活动明显受限,并向左倾斜,直腿抬高试验阳性。病程中无低热、盗汗、消瘦症状。4.如果病史2年,并逐年加重,已严重影响生活及工作,且出现尿便障碍。哪项为合适的治疗方法?(  )", "options": {"A": "用药", "B": "按摩", "C": "牵引", "D": "手术"}, "answer": "手术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "室间隔缺损伴艾森曼格综合征的临床表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "全身性青紫", "B": "暂时性青紫", "C": "持续性青紫", "D": "不出现青紫"}, "answer": "持续性青紫", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,70岁。突发胸闷、喘憋10小时入院。既往高血压病史12年,糖尿病病史5年。查体:BP 160/90mmHg,端坐呼吸。双肺可闻及广泛湿啰音及散在哮鸣音。心率128次/分,心律齐,心脏各瓣膜区未闻及杂音。ECG示:V1~V6导联ST段抬高。动脉血气分析:pH 7.35,PaO2 71mmHg,PaCO2 40mmHg。3.患者经治疗后好转。入院5天,患者突发呼吸困难、咳嗽、咳粉红色泡沫痰。查体:BP 150/90mmHg,心尖部可闻及4/6级收缩期杂音。该患者突发呼吸困难的最可能原因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺栓塞进展为肺梗死", "B": "再次发生肺栓塞", "C": "急性乳头肌功能不全", "D": "肺部感染加重"}, "answer": "急性乳头肌功能不全", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,32岁,月经增多伴发热2周。血红蛋白50g/L,白细胞3.2×109/L,血小板30×109/L。骨髓象:成熟红细胞与有核细胞比例为100:1。该病例诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性再障", "B": "急性白血病早期", "C": "类白血病反应", "D": "粒细胞缺乏症早期"}, "answer": "急性再障", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "哪一种情况下可以使用吗啡?(  )", "options": {"A": "颅脑损伤,颅压升高", "B": "急性心源性哮喘", "C": "肺心病呼吸困难", "D": "分娩过程止痛"}, "answer": "急性心源性哮喘", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.新生儿中度贫血是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "血红蛋白<30g/L", "B": "血红蛋白<60g/L", "C": "血红蛋白60~90g/L", "D": "血红蛋白90~120g/L"}, "answer": "血红蛋白90~120g/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,24岁,2年来有发作性神志丧失、四肢抽搐,服药不规则。今日凌晨开始又有发作,意识一直不清醒。来院后又有一次四肢抽搐发作。3.病人发作控制,清醒后应做何种处理?(  )", "options": {"A": "加大服药剂量,嘱正规服药", "B": "询问近期服药情况,嘱正规服药", "C": "调换其他抗癫痫药物", "D": "加用另一种抗癫痫药物"}, "answer": "询问近期服药情况,嘱正规服药", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胃肠平滑肌收缩的幅度主要决定于(  )。", "options": {"A": "基本电节律的幅度", "B": "动作电位的频率", "C": "动作电位的幅度", "D": "基本电节律的频率"}, "answer": "动作电位的频率", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "儿童风湿热的相关发病机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅲ型变态反应", "B": "Ⅳ型变态反应", "C": "Ⅰ型变态反应", "D": "肠球菌的毒素作用"}, "answer": "Ⅲ型变态反应", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者朱某因阑尾炎住院,医生甲认为应当立即手术,朱某不同意,要求保守治疗。至第二天晚间,发生阑尾炎穿孔,急行手术。术者医生乙告知患者,由于没及时手术,已形成严重腹膜炎,后遗症难免。术后几天中,朱某一直腹痛。主治医生丙认为是腹膜炎所致,未予特殊处理。后发现是腹内遗留一把止血钳所致。3.患者和医疗单位对此事性质的确认和处理有争议时,可(  )。", "options": {"A": "由医疗单位组织专家鉴定并最终处理", "B": "由当地医疗事故技术鉴定委员会鉴定,医疗单位处理", "C": "由当地医疗事故技术鉴定委员会鉴定,卫生行政部门处理", "D": "由卫生行政部门鉴定并处理"}, "answer": "由当地医疗事故技术鉴定委员会鉴定,卫生行政部门处理", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某学者为探讨某药物对某病的疗效,选取了120例该病患者,随机分为服用该药的治疗组和使用标准疗法的对照组,随访观察时,观察者与患者均不知道两组接受的措施,一个月后,观察疗效,结果治疗组60名患者中有40人有效,对照组60名中有20人有效,经统计学检查,两组差异具有统计学意义。1.该药物对疾病治疗的有效率为(  )。", "options": {"A": "(40/60)×100%=66.7%", "B": "[(40+20)/120]×100%=50.0%", "C": "(20/40)×100%=500%", "D": "(20/60)×100%=33.3%"}, "answer": "(40/60)×100%=66.7%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在我国腺病毒引起的最常见也是最主要的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "百日咳综合征", "B": "生殖系感染", "C": "流行性角膜结膜炎", "D": "皮肤感染"}, "answer": "流行性角膜结膜炎", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "病人自觉大脑突然涌现出大量不自主的、杂乱无章的、不属于自己思想的陌生内容,此症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "强制性思维", "B": "思维散漫", "C": "强迫性思维", "D": "思维奔逸"}, "answer": "强制性思维", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,31岁。咳嗽、咳脓痰、间断咯血10年。近5天来受凉后咳痰加剧伴咯血。2.该患者抗感染治疗首选的抗生素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头孢曲松", "B": "氨苄西林", "C": "头孢他啶", "D": "阿米卡星"}, "answer": "氨苄西林", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "正常足月新生儿(  )。", "options": {"A": "出生体重2000~2499g", "B": "出生体重2500~4000g", "C": "出生体重3000~3999g", "D": "出生体重>4000g"}, "answer": "出生体重2500~4000g", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于突触传递的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "兴奋在通过突触传递时只能单向进行", "B": "兴奋通过突触的速度较通过同样距离的神经纤维慢得多", "C": "突触前神经元和突触后神经元放电频率相同", "D": "易受内环境理化因素变化影响和易疲劳"}, "answer": "突触前神经元和突触后神经元放电频率相同", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "何谓关节脱位?(  )", "options": {"A": "关节分离", "B": "关节囊扭伤并断裂", "C": "关节面失去正常对合关系", "D": "关节出现畸形和弹性固定"}, "answer": "关节面失去正常对合关系", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "风湿热的临床诊断标准包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "主要指标2项+次要指标1项", "B": "主要指标1项+次要指标2项+链球菌感染指标", "C": "风湿活动指标3项+次要指标1项+链球菌感染指标", "D": "主要指标1项+次要指标2项"}, "answer": "主要指标1项+次要指标2项+链球菌感染指标", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项为糖尿病酮症酸中毒的临床表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "食欲减退,恶心、呕吐,极度口渴,尿量增多", "B": "有代谢性酸中毒症状", "C": "严重脱水伴循环衰竭体征", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,52岁,发现右乳外上象限肿块13个月,约3cm×2.5cm大小,同侧腋窝触及肿大、质硬淋巴结,全身情况良好。2.如确诊为乳癌,较理想的治疗方案为(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳癌根治术加免疫治疗", "B": "乳癌根治术加放射治疗", "C": "乳癌根治术加中医治疗", "D": "乳癌根治术加内分泌治疗"}, "answer": "乳癌根治术加放射治疗", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列不属于氯丙嗪不良反应的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "帕金森综合征", "B": "抑制体内催乳素分泌", "C": "患者出现坐立不安", "D": "迟发性运动障碍"}, "answer": "抑制体内催乳素分泌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,68岁。皮肤及巩膜黄染2周。无腹痛及发热。查体:皮肤巩膜明显黄染,右下腹可触及肿大的胆囊,张力大,无压痛。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆囊结石", "B": "肝癌", "C": "胰头癌", "D": "胆管结石"}, "answer": "胰头癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "骨折治疗原则中的首要步骤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "功能锻炼", "B": "内固定", "C": "复位", "D": "外固定"}, "answer": "复位", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医生的临床知识和技能×病人的依从性,等于(  )。", "options": {"A": "治疗效果", "B": "技术交往", "C": "非技术交往", "D": "言语交往"}, "answer": "治疗效果", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "甲状腺功能亢进症最常见的甲状腺改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结节性甲状腺肿", "B": "弥漫性甲状腺肿", "C": "慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎", "D": "甲状腺腺癌"}, "answer": "弥漫性甲状腺肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪项为肾综合征出血热的传染源?(  )", "options": {"A": "野生鼠类", "B": "犬", "C": "猪", "D": "急性期病人"}, "answer": "野生鼠类", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,4岁,突然出现喘憋,烦躁不安,大汗淋漓,不能平卧。曾有毛细支气管炎病史,查体发现两肺布满哮鸣音,此症状及体位已持续26个小时未缓解。下述治疗措施哪一项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "补液,纠正酸中毒", "B": "吸氧", "C": "脱敏疗法", "D": "支气管扩张剂"}, "answer": "脱敏疗法", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一新生儿于妊娠262天出生,出生体重为2.6kg,身长50cm。头围34.1cm,肤色红润,足纹遍及整个足底,生后第3天可扪及乳腺结节约7mm。应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "早产儿", "B": "足月新生儿", "C": "适于胎龄儿", "D": "低出生体重儿"}, "answer": "足月新生儿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,22岁。饥饿性上腹痛伴反酸1月余。2小时前呕吐咖啡色液体1次,量约200ml。近期体重无明显变化,否认慢性肝病史。查体:贫血貌,腹软,上腹部压痛,无反跳痛,肝脾肋下未触及。最适合的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "法莫替丁", "B": "奥美拉唑", "C": "凝血酶", "D": "垂体后叶素"}, "answer": "奥美拉唑", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于TI-Ag哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "大多数为蛋白质分子", "B": "无免疫记忆,故无再次免疫应答", "C": "可诱导体液免疫和细胞免疫", "D": "需要单核/巨噬细胞处理后,才能引起免疫应答"}, "answer": "大多数为蛋白质分子", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.成年女性血液中红细胞计数正常值是(  )。", "options": {"A": "(4~10)×109个/L", "B": "4000~10000个/cm3", "C": "(100~300)×109个/L", "D": "(3.5~5.0)×1012/L"}, "answer": "(3.5~5.0)×1012/L", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "细动脉硬化在高血压病时的病理改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉壁纤维化", "B": "动脉壁纤维素样坏死", "C": "动脉壁玻璃样变性", "D": "动脉壁水肿"}, "answer": "动脉壁玻璃样变性", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,50岁,有心脏病史多年。查体:BP 150/40mmHg,可触及水冲脉,毛细血管搏动征阳性,股动脉可闻及枪击音。与上述临床表现相对应的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸骨右缘第2肋间舒张期杂音", "B": "胸骨左缘第3肋间舒张期杂音", "C": "胸骨左缘第3肋间收缩期杂音", "D": "心尖部收缩期杂音"}, "answer": "胸骨左缘第3肋间舒张期杂音", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初孕妇,25岁。于妊娠35周出现头痛、眼花。血压180/110mmHg,尿蛋白(++),眼底动静脉比为1:2,视网膜水肿。考虑诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "轻度子痫前期", "B": "先兆子痫", "C": "妊娠合并肾性高血压", "D": "妊娠合并原发性高血压"}, "answer": "先兆子痫", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,足月产,生后3d出现皮肤轻度黄染,吃奶好,无发热。肝脾不大,脐无分泌物,血清总胆红素175μmol/L(10mg/d1),血型母A子O,应考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿败血症", "B": "新生儿肝炎", "C": "生理性黄疸", "D": "新生儿胆道闭锁"}, "answer": "生理性黄疸", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "替代学习疗法属(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分析疗法", "B": "行为疗法", "C": "认知疗法", "D": "生物反馈疗法"}, "answer": "行为疗法", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.猩红热的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肺炎", "B": "急性脑炎", "C": "急性喉炎", "D": "急性肾炎"}, "answer": "急性肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.电泳速度最快的脂蛋白是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CM", "B": "VLDL", "C": "HDL", "D": "清蛋白"}, "answer": "HDL", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,49岁。骑自行车于路口转弯处,扭头后视时突觉全身松软无力,犹如“骨架消失”,人和车倒地,神志清楚,四肢无法动弹,持续约3分钟。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑梗死", "B": "偏头痛", "C": "TIA发作", "D": "神经官能症"}, "answer": "TIA发作", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对未接种卡介苗者,结核菌素试验阳性的解释,最准确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "曾感染结核分枝杆菌", "B": "曾接触肺结核患者", "C": "体液免疫功能正常", "D": "已获得对结核感染的免疫力"}, "answer": "曾感染结核分枝杆菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "休克指数的计算方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "收缩压和舒张压之比", "B": "脉率与舒张压之比", "C": "脉率与脉压之比", "D": "脉率与收缩压之比"}, "answer": "脉率与收缩压之比", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿3岁,智能发育较同龄儿明显落后。查检:发育较小,两眼距宽,鼻梁低平,双眼外侧上斜,外耳小,舌常伸出口外。临床上拟诊先天愚型,下述哪一项最具有确诊意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "特殊面容", "B": "智能低下", "C": "染色体核型分析", "D": "血浆游离氨基酸分析"}, "answer": "染色体核型分析", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "5.与结肠和直肠癌有关(  )。", "options": {"A": "EB病毒", "B": "人嗜T淋巴细胞病毒(HTLV-1)", "C": "甲胎蛋白", "D": "癌胚抗原"}, "answer": "癌胚抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "9个月男婴,近2个月表情呆滞,活动减少,便稀,呈蛋花汤样便,舌常抖动。查体:面色黄,发黄稀疏,腱反射亢进。血象:RBC1.5×1012/L,Hb 80g/L,WBC 4×109/L。最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "营养性缺铁性贫血", "B": "再生障碍性贫血", "C": "营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血", "D": "溶血性贫血"}, "answer": "营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性有机磷农药中毒最主要的死因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾功能衰竭", "B": "中毒性休克", "C": "呼吸衰竭", "D": "脑水肿"}, "answer": "呼吸衰竭", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,4个月。双胎之小,单纯母乳喂养,面色苍白,食欲减退2个月。查体:肤色苍白,肝肋下3.5cm,脾肋下1.5cm。血Hb80g/L,RBC3.3×1012/L,MCV60fl,MCH24pg,MCHC25%,PLT、WBC正常。3.若Hb恢复正常,还需要继续药物治疗的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1~2周", "B": "9~12周", "C": "13~18周", "D": "6~8周"}, "answer": "6~8周", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于卵巢分泌的激素,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "类固醇激素", "B": "糖蛋白激素", "C": "孕激素", "D": "雄激素"}, "answer": "糖蛋白激素", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "上行性尿路感染是最常见的尿路感染途径,占总尿路感染的(  )。", "options": {"A": "50%", "B": "85%", "C": "70%", "D": "95%"}, "answer": "95%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,21岁。畏寒,高热。咳嗽伴左胸痛5天。查体:BP 80/50mmHg,P 120次/分。胸部X线片见左肺下叶大片状致密影。实验室检查:血WBC 12.2×109/L,N 0.87。该患者最可能感染的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎链球菌", "B": "军团菌", "C": "金黄色葡萄糖球菌", "D": "结核分枝杆菌"}, "answer": "肺炎链球菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,43岁,诊断风湿性心脏瓣膜病20余年。查体:心前区未触及震颤,胸骨左缘第3肋间可闻及舒张期叹气样杂音,心尖部可闻及舒张早中期杂音,S1减弱,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动脉瓣器质性狭窄伴二尖瓣器质性狭窄", "B": "主动脉瓣相对性狭窄伴二尖瓣相对性狭窄", "C": "主动脉瓣关闭不全伴二尖瓣相对性狭窄", "D": "主动脉瓣关闭不全伴二尖瓣器质性狭窄"}, "answer": "主动脉瓣关闭不全伴二尖瓣相对性狭窄", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "成年女性,临床表现为肾病综合征,肾穿刺活检,银染色见肾小球基底膜呈车轨状。最可能的病理改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺出血肾炎综合征", "B": "膜性增生性肾炎", "C": "膜性肾炎", "D": "慢性硬化性肾炎"}, "answer": "膜性增生性肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "糖皮质激素用于治疗急性严重感染的主要目的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "增强机体抵抗力", "B": "增强机体应激性", "C": "减轻炎症反应", "D": "缓解症状帮助病人度过危险期"}, "answer": "缓解症状帮助病人度过危险期", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.内囊损害将出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "节段性分离性感觉障碍", "B": "洋葱头样分布感觉障碍", "C": "末梢型分布感觉障碍", "D": "偏身感觉障碍"}, "answer": "偏身感觉障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "我国卫生事业的性质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "政府实行福利政策的事业", "B": "政府通过购买形式为人民提供服务的事业", "C": "政府许可的盈利性事业", "D": "政府实行一定福利政策的社会公益事业"}, "answer": "政府实行一定福利政策的社会公益事业", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,45岁,经常头痛、头晕近l0年,2天来头痛加重,伴有恶心、呕吐,送医院急诊。查体:神志模糊,血压230/120mmHg。尿蛋白(++),尿糖(+)。1.诊断已成立,其发病机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心房利钠因子减少", "B": "交感神经过度兴奋", "C": "周围小动脉痉挛", "D": "脑血管自身调节障碍"}, "answer": "脑血管自身调节障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "糖尿病合并妊娠,孕期血糖控制良好,终止妊娠的理想时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "妊娠32~33周", "B": "妊娠38~39周", "C": "妊娠34~35周", "D": "妊娠40周"}, "answer": "妊娠38~39周", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,59岁,病程3~4年,主要表现为不愿与他人接触,喜独处沉思,自言自语,大吵大闹,无故打人,言语少,情感淡漠,孤僻,赤足露胸,生活懒散,衣着不整,不洗澡,随地便溺,需要什么用手打手势示意,思维贫乏,自发言语杂乱无章。神经系统检查均正常。应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症(衰退型)", "B": "人格改变", "C": "老年性痴呆", "D": "精神发育退缩"}, "answer": "精神分裂症(衰退型)", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于急性肾炎下述哪一项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "水肿为最早出现的症状,常呈上行性", "B": "起病后开始数日有高血压", "C": "起病时几乎都有血尿", "D": "病程早期突然抽搐应考虑高血压脑病"}, "answer": "水肿为最早出现的症状,常呈上行性", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "正常足月妊娠,子宫腔容量平均比未孕时增加的倍数为(  )。", "options": {"A": "100", "B": "200", "C": "400", "D": "500"}, "answer": "500", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.经抢救意识逐渐恢复,此时的医患关系模式属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动被动型", "B": "指导合作型", "C": "患者至上型", "D": "互惠型"}, "answer": "指导合作型", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "利用重组DNA技术发展新药物的叙述中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "在功能研究,基因克隆基础上进行", "B": "需构建适当的表达体系表达有生物活性的物质", "C": "需经过科学的动物实验", "D": "胰岛素和雌激素都可以是重组DNA医药产品"}, "answer": "胰岛素和雌激素都可以是重组DNA医药产品", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,12岁,因频发时轻时重的口吃就诊,经交谈,心理治疗师认为患儿的口吃症状与其父母感情不好,总在他面前争吵并动辄以离婚相威胁有关,遂要求三人一起接受心理治疗,并采用了循环提问等技术,该心理治疗法称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "家庭治疗", "B": "人本主义疗法", "C": "行为疗法", "D": "认知疗法"}, "answer": "家庭治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "按照我国“人类辅助生殖技术伦理原则”的要求,目前允许实施的辅助生殖技术是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人卵胞浆移植", "B": "精子捐赠助孕", "C": "胚胎赠送助孕", "D": "人卵核移植"}, "answer": "精子捐赠助孕", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗营养性巨幼细胞性贫血,有神经症状者,主要用药应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "维生素B12500μg肌肉注射", "B": "维生素B65mg,每日3次口服", "C": "叶酸5mg,每日3次口服", "D": "硫酸亚铁"}, "answer": "维生素B12500μg肌肉注射", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "8岁男孩,高热10小时伴头痛、呕吐。查:T39℃,BP 50/30mmHg,精神萎靡,颈无抵抗,全身多数瘀点、瘀斑。血WBC28×109/L,中性90%。脑脊液检查:颅内压正常,WBC 15×106/L,蛋白质、糖及氯化物均正常。1.本病人最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "败血症", "B": "流脑", "C": "暴发型流脑", "D": "病毒性脑炎"}, "answer": "暴发型流脑", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下哪项是丙类传染病?(  )", "options": {"A": "病毒性肝炎、流行性感冒", "B": "传染性非典型肺炎、病毒性肝炎", "C": "流行性感冒、流行性腮腺炎", "D": "人感染高致病性禽流感、病毒性肝炎"}, "answer": "流行性感冒、流行性腮腺炎", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "婴幼儿上呼吸道感染的特点错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高热甚至高热惊厥", "B": "可伴胃肠症状腹泻", "C": "常反复呼吸道感染", "D": "易合并风湿热"}, "answer": "易合并风湿热", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "病毒性感染最常引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "蜂窝织炎性阑尾炎", "B": "肝脓肿", "C": "间质性肺炎", "D": "风湿性心肌炎"}, "answer": "间质性肺炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿诊断为易位型21-三体综合征,其母亲为D/G平衡易位。则第二胎的风险率为(  )。", "options": {"A": "10%", "B": "20%", "C": "100%", "D": "50%"}, "answer": "10%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "与mIg共同组成BCR复合物的CD分子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD79α和CD79β", "B": "CD19和CD21", "C": "CD40和CD40L", "D": "CD80和CD86"}, "answer": "CD79α和CD79β", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列不属于行为疗法的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "系统脱敏", "B": "厌恶疗法", "C": "冲击疗法", "D": "自由联想"}, "answer": "自由联想", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,42岁。油腻饮食后腹胀、腹痛4小时。持续性上腹痛,伴有恶心、呕吐、发热、腰背部不适。查体:T 38.4℃,P 124次/分,BP 90/60mmHg,急性痛苦貌,巩膜无黄染,腹饱满,全腹肌紧张,有压痛和反跳痛,上腹为主,肠鸣音消失。右下腹穿刺抽出淡红色血性液体。血WBC 16.2×109/L,N 0.9。血清淀粉酶6000U/L(Somogyi法)。1.出现这种病变的主要发病机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌侵入胰周和胰腺内", "B": "胰腺供血动脉栓塞引起供血障碍", "C": "胆囊炎、胆囊结石堵塞胆囊管", "D": "胰腺中的消化酶被激活后导致胰腺自身消化"}, "answer": "胰腺中的消化酶被激活后导致胰腺自身消化", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心理咨询不能解决的问题为(  )。", "options": {"A": "人格障碍", "B": "情绪障碍", "C": "负性生活事件", "D": "错误的认识"}, "answer": "人格障碍", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "胃排空的主要动力是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃蠕动", "B": "胃紧张性收缩", "C": "胃容受性舒张", "D": "迷走神经兴奋"}, "answer": "胃蠕动", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.沙门菌属食物中毒的主要临床表现(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸数频,面色苍白", "B": "共济失调,全身麻痹瘫痪", "C": "呕吐,腹痛,腹泻,绿色水样便", "D": "酒醉步,自主神经功能紊乱"}, "answer": "呕吐,腹痛,腹泻,绿色水样便", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于医学心理学的研究方法正确的观点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "观察法的观察是指对被观察者的外显行为进行观察、测量以及记录", "B": "实验法的数据资料收集需要观察获得", "C": "实验法区别于观察法的最主要特征是控制条件", "D": "以上均正确"}, "answer": "以上均正确", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.个体不同的发育阶段,同一组织器官出现不同的基因产物称基因表达的(  )。", "options": {"A": "时间特异性", "B": "空间特异性", "C": "诱导表达", "D": "阻遏表达"}, "answer": "时间特异性", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,43岁。外伤致右胸腔积血,胸腔穿刺抽出浑浊胸腔积液。此时主要治疗应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗生素治疗", "B": "补充血容量", "C": "胸腔闭式引流", "D": "对症支持治疗"}, "answer": "胸腔闭式引流", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "反映均数抽样误差大小的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全距", "B": "标准误", "C": "均数", "D": "变异系数"}, "answer": "标准误", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "按照我国卫生部的规定1岁内必须按照计划进行预防免疫接种的疫苗有(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡介苗、乙型肝炎疫苗、流行性脑脊髓膜炎疫苗、破伤风类毒素混合制剂4种", "B": "卡介苗、乙型肝炎疫苗、麻疹减毒疫苗、百日咳、白喉、破伤风类毒素混合制剂等6种", "C": "脊髓灰质炎三价混合疫苗、卡介苗、乙型肝炎疫苗、麻疹减毒疫苗、百日咳、白喉、破伤风类毒素混合制剂等7种", "D": "脊髓灰质炎三价混合疫苗、卡介苗、乙型肝炎疫苗、流行性脑脊髓膜炎疫苗、麻疹减毒疫苗、百日咳、白喉、破伤风类毒素混合制剂8种"}, "answer": "脊髓灰质炎三价混合疫苗、卡介苗、乙型肝炎疫苗、麻疹减毒疫苗、百日咳、白喉、破伤风类毒素混合制剂等7种", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,42岁,3年来劳累后气促,曾诊为哮喘,X线片示前上纵隔类圆阴影压迫气管,诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺癌", "B": "淋巴瘤", "C": "胸骨后甲状腺肿", "D": "心包囊肿"}, "answer": "胸骨后甲状腺肿", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于肛瘘的描述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肛瘘主要侵犯直肠", "B": "肛瘘最常见的类型是经括约肌型", "C": "原发感染多在肛窦", "D": "肛瘘只能自愈"}, "answer": "原发感染多在肛窦", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪些症状不是营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血的表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "虚胖,毛发稀疏发黄", "B": "面色苍黄,疲乏无力", "C": "肝脾轻度肿大", "D": "异食癖"}, "answer": "异食癖", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5岁女孩,因活动后气促2年就诊。体检:体格较瘦小,无发绀,双肺呼吸音清,P2亢进、分裂、胸骨左缘第2、3肋间闻及2/6级收缩期杂音。4.如该患儿胸骨左缘下方闻及舒张期杂音,提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "三尖瓣相对关闭不全", "B": "三尖瓣相对狭窄", "C": "二尖瓣相对关闭不全", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "三尖瓣相对狭窄", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "感染过程的五种表现在不同传染病中各有侧重,以下哪项最为常见?(  )", "options": {"A": "潜伏性感染", "B": "隐性感染", "C": "显性感染", "D": "病原携带状态"}, "answer": "隐性感染", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "冯医生最近被任命为医务科的科长,其工作中的一个重要方面是处理医疗事故,对于处理医疗事故他有自己的理解,下列他的理解中哪项是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "因为要求病历书写要及时,所以如遇抢救危急患者未能及时书写病历时,不能根据回忆补记,仅写一份抢救病人未能记载病历的报告上交医院管理部门即可", "B": "患者要求复印病历的时候,医疗机构自行将相关内容复印之后交给患者即可", "C": "医院为患者复印病历不能向患者收取任何费用", "D": "医院发生了有患者死亡的医疗事故应该在12小时之内上报所在地卫生行政部门"}, "answer": "医院发生了有患者死亡的医疗事故应该在12小时之内上报所在地卫生行政部门", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.髋关节结核未经治疗常发生的畸形是(  )。", "options": {"A": "髋关节功能保存", "B": "髋关节骨性强直", "C": "髋关节形成前屈内收畸形", "D": "局部形成寒性脓肿"}, "answer": "髋关节形成前屈内收畸形", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩,5岁。突然高热4小时,惊厥2次来院,病前可疑不洁饮食史。查体:T 39.5℃,BP 80/50mmHg,热病容,昏睡状,心音尚有力,双肺无异常,腹部稍胀,四肢凉。实验室检查:WBC 19×109/L,N 0.78。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "热性惊厥", "B": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "C": "中毒型细菌性痢疾", "D": "病毒性脑炎"}, "answer": "中毒型细菌性痢疾", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "乳房发生乳腺癌最常见的部位为(  )。", "options": {"A": "内上象限", "B": "外上象限", "C": "内下象限", "D": "外下象限"}, "answer": "外上象限", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初产妇,胎头已着冠,开始保护会阴的时机是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎头着冠时", "B": "胎头拨露使阴唇后联合紧张时", "C": "胎头开始仰伸时", "D": "胎肩娩出前后"}, "answer": "胎头拨露使阴唇后联合紧张时", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "子宫内膜癌的最常见病理类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鳞癌", "B": "腺癌", "C": "鳞腺癌", "D": "腺角化癌"}, "answer": "腺癌", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "定期考核不合格的医师暂停执业活动期满,再次考核仍不合格的(  )。", "options": {"A": "再次接受培训", "B": "在执业医师指导下从事执业活动", "C": "暂停执业活动三年", "D": "注销注册,收回医师执业证书"}, "answer": "注销注册,收回医师执业证书", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.若偏态分布资料一端或两端无确切的数值,描述其集中趋势指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "标准差", "B": "四分位数间距", "C": "几何均数", "D": "中位数"}, "answer": "中位数", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于遗忘的规律.以下哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "无意义的材料容易遗忘", "B": "抽象的材料容易遗忘", "C": "过度学习达150%容易遗忘", "D": "集中学习容易遗忘"}, "answer": "过度学习达150%容易遗忘", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不吃,不哭,不动", "B": "肝脾增大,皮肤出血点", "C": "意识改变,肌张力异常", "D": "黄疸重,伴惊厥"}, "answer": "意识改变,肌张力异常", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肺组织检查显示可见巨噬细胞吞噬含铁血黄素,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性充血性心衰", "B": "风湿", "C": "ITP", "D": "肾衰"}, "answer": "慢性充血性心衰", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小叶中央型肺气肿的病理改变的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸性细支气管扩张,外周正常", "B": "终末细支气管以下结构全部扩张", "C": "肺小叶和肺泡囊扩张", "D": "呼吸性细支气管破坏,肺泡破裂"}, "answer": "呼吸性细支气管扩张,外周正常", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.骨囊肿可见到(  )。", "options": {"A": "多发生于扁平骨及不规则骨", "B": "表面静脉怒张,皮温明显增高", "C": "病理性骨折后可自愈", "D": "发病后迅速出现瘫痪"}, "answer": "病理性骨折后可自愈", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,30岁,突发上腹剧痛3h,怀疑消化道穿孔,无休克表现,为进一步明确诊断,首选的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹腔诊断性穿刺", "B": "立位腹部X线平片", "C": "CT检查", "D": "B超检查"}, "answer": "立位腹部X线平片", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,45岁,1个月前出现腹胀,无呕吐,伴发热,体温最高38℃,夜间盗汗,12小时前突发腹部绞痛,未排气排便,查体:T 37.7℃,P 88次/分,R 16次/分,BP 110/80mmHg,心肺查体未见异常,腹部呈揉面感,可见肠型及蠕动波,肠鸣音亢进。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋巴瘤合并肠梗阻", "B": "家族性息肉病", "C": "溃疡性结肠炎", "D": "结核性腹膜炎合并肠梗阻"}, "answer": "结核性腹膜炎合并肠梗阻", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,3个月,混合喂养,腹泻2个月,大便5或6次/天,稀或糊便,无脓血,食欲好,面有湿疹,体重5.6kg。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性腹泻", "B": "迁延性腹泻", "C": "生理性腹泻", "D": "感染性腹泻"}, "answer": "生理性腹泻", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,45岁,肥胖多年,口渴5个月,尿糖(+),空腹血糖7.9mmol/L,饭后2小时血糖12.1mmol/L。3.下列哪一组生化指标的含量达到糖尿病临时满意的控制,空腹血糖(mmol/L),饭后2小时血糖(mmol/L),HbA1c(%)?(  )", "options": {"A": "<5.6,<7.2,≤4", "B": "<6.1,<7.8,≤6.5", "C": "<7.2,<8.3,≤6", "D": "<8.3,<10.0,≤10"}, "answer": "<6.1,<7.8,≤6.5", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是表面具有高亲和性IgEFc受体的细胞?(  )", "options": {"A": "NK细胞", "B": "肥大细胞", "C": "内皮细胞", "D": "血小板"}, "answer": "肥大细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.胸水检查示:有核细胞2000×106/L,单个核0.94,总蛋白40g/L,LDH 475U/L,Glu 2.4mmol/L,ADA 12U/L。最可能的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心力衰竭所致胸水", "B": "类肺炎性胸水", "C": "乳糜胸水", "D": "类风湿关节炎所致胸水"}, "answer": "类肺炎性胸水", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪些细胞因子对免疫应答起负调节作用(  )。", "options": {"A": "IL-2、IL-4、IL-5", "B": "IL-2、IL-8、IL-10", "C": "IL-1、IL-6、TGF-β", "D": "IL-10、TGF-β"}, "answer": "IL-10、TGF-β", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列对于糖类吸收的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "与Na+的吸收相偶联", "B": "需要转运体蛋白质参与", "C": "是耗能的主动过程", "D": "各种单糖的吸收速率为果糖>葡萄糖>甘露糖"}, "answer": "各种单糖的吸收速率为果糖>葡萄糖>甘露糖", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "坐位乘车时,急刹车,右膝前方受到撞击,出现右髋剧痛,髋关节运动障碍,处于屈曲、内收、内旋畸形状态。1.应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "股骨颈骨折", "B": "股骨转子间骨折", "C": "髋关节后脱位", "D": "髋关节前脱位"}, "answer": "髋关节后脱位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.亚基解聚时(  )。", "options": {"A": "一级结构破坏", "B": "二级结构破坏", "C": "三级结构破坏", "D": "四级结构破坏"}, "answer": "四级结构破坏", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "营养不良出现水肿是由于缺乏(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋白质", "B": "糖类", "C": "维生素", "D": "微量元素"}, "answer": "蛋白质", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症,在新生儿筛查时测定的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清碘", "B": "TSH", "C": "游离T3、游离T4", "D": "游离T3、游离T4、TSH"}, "answer": "TSH", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "12岁男童,左股骨下l/3骨折术后4天,出现左大腿下端疼痛伴高热达39.7℃,局部穿刺可引流少量淡黄色液体,怀疑为急性化脓性骨髓炎。2.最合适的治疗方法为(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量广谱抗生素", "B": "肢体制动", "C": "输液、注意水电解质平衡", "D": "静脉注射抗生素+钻孔引流"}, "answer": "静脉注射抗生素+钻孔引流", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,17岁。脑部重伤入院,经各种治疗3天后,患者进入脑死亡状态,现用呼吸机及各种设备维持生命的情况下,医生应采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "经全科讨论后撤掉呼吸机", "B": "只要患者家属要求,一直维持这种状态", "C": "私自决定撤掉呼吸机", "D": "向父母解释脑死亡,征得同意撤掉呼吸机"}, "answer": "向父母解释脑死亡,征得同意撤掉呼吸机", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "特异性感觉投射系统的主要功能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "参与学习与记忆机制", "B": "维持和改变大脑皮层的兴奋状态", "C": "协调各种感觉在皮层和皮层下结构间的联系", "D": "引起特定感觉并激活大脑皮层的传出活动"}, "answer": "引起特定感觉并激活大脑皮层的传出活动", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.肉瘤(  )。", "options": {"A": "良性间叶性肿瘤", "B": "皮肤、粘膜表面发生的良性肿瘤", "C": "恶性间叶性肿瘤", "D": "恶性上皮性肿瘤"}, "answer": "恶性间叶性肿瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "最容易诱导免疫耐受的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B细胞", "B": "单核细胞", "C": "T细胞", "D": "NK细胞"}, "answer": "T细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "蛋白质-热能营养不良患儿临床上最先出现的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "反应呆滞", "B": "肌张力低下", "C": "体重不增", "D": "身高不长"}, "answer": "体重不增", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "当压力感受器传入冲动增多时可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "心迷走紧张减弱", "B": "心交感紧张加强", "C": "交感缩血管紧张减弱", "D": "心率加快"}, "answer": "交感缩血管紧张减弱", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "风湿性疾病关节表现不常见的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "关节肿胀", "B": "晨僵", "C": "关节压痛", "D": "手的掌指关节有桡侧偏斜"}, "answer": "手的掌指关节有桡侧偏斜", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.链球菌感染后急性肾小球肾炎的病理类型为(  )。", "options": {"A": "微小病变肾病", "B": "新月体性肾小球肾炎", "C": "IgA肾病", "D": "毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "H1受体阻断药对下列何种疾病疗效差?(  )", "options": {"A": "血管神经性水肿", "B": "过敏性皮炎", "C": "过敏性哮喘", "D": "荨麻疹"}, "answer": "过敏性哮喘", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.成人泌尿系最常见的肿瘤(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾癌", "B": "肾胚胎瘤", "C": "膀胱癌", "D": "肾囊肿"}, "answer": "膀胱癌", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "27岁初孕妇,妊娠39周,近半月头痛、眼花,今晨出现剧烈头痛并呕吐来院就诊。3.听诊胎心180次/分,此时正确的处理措施应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即静脉滴注催产素", "B": "静脉滴注硫酸镁", "C": "立即行剖宫产术", "D": "静脉快速滴注甘露醇"}, "answer": "立即行剖宫产术", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.与肽链延长有关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CTP", "B": "EFG", "C": "带有甲酰蛋氨酸的tRNA", "D": "氨基酸活化与搬运以及活化氨基酸在核蛋白体上的缩合"}, "answer": "EFG", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小脑幕裂孔疝时,疝入小脑幕裂孔的组织是(  )。", "options": {"A": "顶下小叶", "B": "颞叶沟回", "C": "额叶内侧", "D": "小脑扁桃体"}, "answer": "颞叶沟回", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5-Fu(5-氟尿嘧啶)抑癌作用的原理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制尿苷酸合成", "B": "抑制胸苷酸合成", "C": "抑制二氢叶酸还原酶", "D": "抑制核糖核苷酸还原酶"}, "answer": "抑制胸苷酸合成", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,30岁,患病4周,以高热为主,曾确诊为伤寒,目前体温开始下降,食欲好转,体力渐增,脾肿大开始回缩,要特别重视(  )。", "options": {"A": "增加活动", "B": "限制饮食", "C": "继续用足量抗生素", "D": "充足睡眠"}, "answer": "限制饮食", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有关DNA二级结构的叙述哪项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "碱基A与T配对,C与G配对", "B": "双螺旋以左手方式盘绕为主", "C": "双螺旋中的两条DNA链的方向相反", "D": "双螺旋的直径大约为2nm"}, "answer": "双螺旋以左手方式盘绕为主", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列各项中符合急性淋巴细胞白血病的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "与EB病毒感染相关", "B": "为儿童的主要白血病类型", "C": "之前常伴有较长的MDS病程", "D": "化疗反应差"}, "answer": "为儿童的主要白血病类型", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.肺部呼吸青粗,有不固定干啰音(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管肺炎", "B": "急性支气管炎", "C": "肺结核", "D": "支气管异物"}, "answer": "急性支气管炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪一项符合急性淋巴细胞性白血病?(  )", "options": {"A": "为儿童最多见的急性白血病", "B": "易发生DIC出血严重", "C": "中枢神经系统白血病少见", "D": "与EB病毒感染有关"}, "answer": "为儿童最多见的急性白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "初产妇,28岁。孕足月临产后静脉滴注缩宫素,自然破膜1分钟后出现烦躁不安、呛咳、呼吸困难、发绀,数分钟后死亡。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫破裂", "B": "重度子痫前期", "C": "子痫", "D": "羊水栓塞"}, "answer": "羊水栓塞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "可以治疗军团菌、支原体的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人工合成素", "B": "四环素类", "C": "大环内酯类", "D": "头孢类"}, "answer": "大环内酯类", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对病人的适应性行为进行奖励的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "行为塑造疗法", "B": "精神分析治疗", "C": "生物反馈治疗", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "行为塑造疗法", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.肾小管坏死后的再生称(  )。", "options": {"A": "肥大", "B": "增生", "C": "萎缩", "D": "化生"}, "answer": "增生", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "前列腺癌(T1b、T2期)的最佳治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用促黄体素释放素类似物(LHRH-A)", "B": "睾丸切除", "C": "根治性前列腺切除", "D": "化疗"}, "answer": "根治性前列腺切除", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "支气管柱状扩张的典型X线表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "鼠尾征", "B": "残根征", "C": "树芽征", "D": "轨道征"}, "answer": "轨道征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,70岁,高热、畏寒、剧烈头痛入院,用青霉素无效,发病第5天,除面部外,于胸肩等处出现鲜红色斑丘疹,于内衣见有瘙虮,发病10天,外斐试验效价为1:400,宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "磺胺嘧啶", "B": "庆大霉素", "C": "头孢他定", "D": "四环素"}, "answer": "四环素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "苯丙酮尿症是一种常见的(  )。", "options": {"A": "脂类代谢障碍性疾病", "B": "糖类代谢障碍性疾病", "C": "氨基酸代谢障碍性疾病", "D": "维生素类代谢障碍性疾病"}, "answer": "氨基酸代谢障碍性疾病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "美国一女患者,患有严重的脑综合征、慢性褥疮、心脏病、糖尿病等,对环境没有感觉,只有原始的脑功能,有自主呼吸,没有认识、行为能力,且无改善的希望,住院不久即插入鼻饲管以维持生命。她的监护人要求取走鼻饲管,被主管医师拒绝,监护人向法院起诉要求强迫取走,法院同意并下令取走;但受理上诉的法院否定了这个决定,认为中止喂饲就是杀人。3年后,女患者死亡,她的鼻饲管仍保留着。从医学伦理学角度说,此案例反映出的突出问题应除外(  )。", "options": {"A": "医学上可能做的,不一定在伦理上是应该做的", "B": "临床医学决策同时也是伦理判断", "C": "市场经济对医学实践的正、负效应并存", "D": "生命神圣论与生命质量论的冲突"}, "answer": "市场经济对医学实践的正、负效应并存", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,40岁。近4年来逐渐出现活动后心悸、气短。查体:心尖部可闻及舒张期隆隆样杂音。2.进一步查体发现心尖部S1亢进,可闻及开瓣音,提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "病变瓣膜弹性良好", "B": "病变瓣膜钙化", "C": "肺动脉高压", "D": "肺淤血"}, "answer": "病变瓣膜弹性良好", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.肺泡腔内有大量浆液纤维素性渗出物,且有广泛千酪样坏死(  )。", "options": {"A": "原发综合征", "B": "干酪性肺炎", "C": "结核球", "D": "浸润型肺结核"}, "answer": "干酪性肺炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于一个具有一定医学知识的长期慢性疾病成年患者所使用的医患关系模式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纯技术模式", "B": "共同参与模式", "C": "主动-被动模式", "D": "指导合作模式"}, "answer": "指导合作模式", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.结核性腹膜炎腹水性质常为(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹水比重<1.018,蛋白<2.0g/dL,细胞数100×106/L", "B": "乳糜样腹水", "C": "腹水细胞总数600×106/L,分类以单核细胞为主", "D": "腹水细胞总数2000×106/L,分类以多核细胞为主"}, "answer": "腹水细胞总数600×106/L,分类以单核细胞为主", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "人工喂养是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "4个月内的婴儿吃母乳,不添加其他辅食", "B": "4个月内的婴儿吃兽乳或婴儿配方奶粉", "C": "4个月内的婴儿大部分吃婴儿配方奶粉,加少许母乳", "D": "4个月内的婴儿吃母乳,添加少量果汁"}, "answer": "4个月内的婴儿吃兽乳或婴儿配方奶粉", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是支原体与L型细菌的最主要共同特性?(  )", "options": {"A": "缺乏细胞壁", "B": "能独立生活", "C": "可通过细菌滤器", "D": "具有DNA和RNA种核酸"}, "answer": "缺乏细胞壁", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "具有四级结构的蛋白质分子,在分析一级结构时发现(  )。", "options": {"A": "具有一个以上N端和C端", "B": "一定有二硫键存在", "C": "具有一个N端和几个C端", "D": "具有一个C端和几个N端"}, "answer": "具有一个以上N端和C端", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.可采用维生素治疗的贫血是(  )。", "options": {"A": "缺铁性贫血", "B": "再生障碍性贫血", "C": "溶血性贫血", "D": "巨幼红细胞性贫血"}, "answer": "巨幼红细胞性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,72岁。腹部绞痛4小时,伴腹胀,无呕吐、发热。下消化道X线钡剂造影见直肠上段钡剂受阻,钡影尖端呈“鸟嘴”形。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直肠癌", "B": "乙状结肠癌", "C": "小肠扭转", "D": "乙状结肠扭转"}, "answer": "乙状结肠扭转", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于限制内切酶的叙述,正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "可将单链DNA随机切开", "B": "由噬菌体提取而得", "C": "可将双链DNA特异切开", "D": "催化DNA的甲基化"}, "answer": "可将双链DNA特异切开", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "合成血红蛋白的基本原料是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋白质和铜", "B": "蛋白质和铁", "C": "蛋白质和锰", "D": "蛋白质和钴"}, "answer": "蛋白质和铁", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "产后出血最常见的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫收缩乏力", "B": "胎盘滞留", "C": "软产道损伤", "D": "血液系统疾病"}, "answer": "子宫收缩乏力", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿10个月,因间断腹泻2个月,面色苍白1个月就诊。大便2~3次/日,呈糊状,母乳喂养,4个月添加辅食。患儿3个月时因患坏死性小肠结肠炎,而行小肠大部切除术,术后一般情况渐好转。体检:皮肤黏膜苍白,舌细微震颤,心脏(-),肝肋下2.5cm,脾肋下1cm。3.此患儿主要的发病原因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "喂养不当", "B": "丢失过多", "C": "营养物质吸收障碍", "D": "慢性感染"}, "answer": "营养物质吸收障碍", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "抗原是指能够刺激机体的免疫系统发生免疫应答(  )。", "options": {"A": "产生致敏LC的物质", "B": "与相应的抗体在体内外特异性结合的物质", "C": "与相应的致敏LC在体内外特异性结合的物质", "D": "产生抗体和(或)致敏LC,并与相应的抗体或致敏LC在体内外特异性结合的物质"}, "answer": "产生抗体和(或)致敏LC,并与相应的抗体或致敏LC在体内外特异性结合的物质", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "发生医疗纠纷,可提请医疗事故技术鉴定委员会鉴定,由卫生行政部门处理。对鉴定结论或卫生行政部门处理不服的(  )。", "options": {"A": "只能申请上一级卫生行政部门复议", "B": "只能申请上一级鉴定委员会重新鉴定", "C": "不能进行任何申请或起诉", "D": "可以提出重新鉴定或行政复议申请,也可以起诉"}, "answer": "可以提出重新鉴定或行政复议申请,也可以起诉", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "哪项提示低血钾?(  )", "options": {"A": "心音亢进,心率减慢", "B": "肠鸣音消失,四肢肌力低下", "C": "呼吸深大", "D": "肠呜音亢进"}, "answer": "肠鸣音消失,四肢肌力低下", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,26岁,突然意识不清,跌倒,全身强直数秒钟后抽搐,咬破舌。2min后抽搐停止。醒后活动正常。2.下列哪项是治疗的首选药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "止血药", "B": "溶栓治疗", "C": "扩血管药", "D": "抗癫痫药"}, "answer": "抗癫痫药", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿特异性的诊断依据?(  )", "options": {"A": "红细胞寿命缩短", "B": "尿含铁血黄素试验(+)", "C": "Ham试验(+)", "D": "网织红细胞增高"}, "answer": "Ham试验(+)", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性肾炎的治疗,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "无盐饮食至尿蛋白消失", "B": "低蛋白饮食至尿常规恢复正常", "C": "应用抗生素7~10天,肃清残存感染", "D": "血沉正常后,可恢复剧烈运动"}, "answer": "应用抗生素7~10天,肃清残存感染", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哪项是小儿腕骨骨化中心出全的年龄?(  )", "options": {"A": "4岁", "B": "6岁", "C": "10岁", "D": "12岁"}, "answer": "10岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,17岁,学生,近半年来失眠,成绩下降,注意力不集中,怀疑同学在背后议论她,常与同学发生口角,因此不愿上学,将家中门窗关严,认为邻居都知道了她的“丑事”,连报纸、电视上都播放与她有关的事情,不愿出门,体检、神经系统检查阴性,该病情考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "人格障碍", "B": "神经衰弱", "C": "精神分裂症", "D": "心因性反应"}, "answer": "精神分裂症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "氯丙嗪治疗精神分裂症最明显的副作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝损害", "B": "粒细胞减少", "C": "抗胆碱能作用", "D": "药源性抑郁"}, "answer": "抗胆碱能作用", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,50岁。胸痛、反酸、胃灼热、嗳气3个月,胃镜检查食管黏膜未见明显异常,最有助于明确诊断的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "13C尿素呼气试验", "B": "24小时胃食管pH监测", "C": "腹部B超", "D": "24小时心电监测"}, "answer": "24小时胃食管pH监测", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "风湿性心脏炎激素治疗的总疗程是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2~4周", "B": "8~12周", "C": "12~24周", "D": "半年"}, "answer": "8~12周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "膀胱肿瘤T1期表明肿瘤侵及(  )。", "options": {"A": "黏膜表面", "B": "黏膜固有层", "C": "浅肌层", "D": "外膜层"}, "answer": "黏膜固有层", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.典型的胃溃疡症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "进行性吞咽困难", "B": "进餐后上腹痛,至下一餐前缓解", "C": "便血", "D": "空腹及夜间上腹痛,进食后可缓解"}, "answer": "进餐后上腹痛,至下一餐前缓解", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,38岁。突发心悸伴烦躁和胸闷30分钟,四肢发凉,曾出现黑朦,收入急诊监护病房。查体:BP 70/50mmHg,心率180次/min,心律绝对不齐,心音强弱不等,心脏各瓣膜区未闻及杂音。心电图提示“预激综合征伴心房颤动”。1.该患者最适宜的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉注射胺碘酮", "B": "静脉注射维拉帕米", "C": "电转复", "D": "静脉注射普罗帕酮"}, "answer": "电转复", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哪项是腺垂体功能减退症最常见的原因?(  )", "options": {"A": "各种垂体肿瘤", "B": "原发性空蝶鞍症", "C": "糖尿病血管病变", "D": "希恩(Sheehan)综合征"}, "answer": "各种垂体肿瘤", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "内痔的好发部位多在胸膝位的(  )。", "options": {"A": "3,5,10点", "B": "1,5,9点", "C": "3,7,9点", "D": "3,7,11点"}, "answer": "1,5,9点", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.体征以喘鸣音为主的肺炎是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎", "B": "葡萄球菌肺炎", "C": "腺病毒肺炎", "D": "肺炎支原体肺炎"}, "answer": "呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列有关基础代谢的叙述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "儿童高于成人", "B": "反映人体最低的能量代谢水平", "C": "临床常用相对值表示", "D": "正常平均值相差±10%~15%属于正常"}, "answer": "反映人体最低的能量代谢水平", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿6岁,半月前患猩红热,经治疗后好转,近1周有不规则的发热,伴有游走性关节痛,多汗、乏力。查体:精神萎靡,面色苍白,心率120次/分,心音低钝,杂音不明显,肺呼吸音清,腹平坦柔软,肝脏、脾脏未触及,双膝关节红肿、疼痛、活动受限,下肢不肿。X线胸片示:肺阴性,心脏轻度向两侧扩大,心脏搏动减弱。心电图示:P-R间期延长。2.为确定诊断应该进一步作的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心动超声图", "B": "抗链球菌抗体滴度", "C": "血红细胞沉降率", "D": "白细胞分类"}, "answer": "抗链球菌抗体滴度", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.急性化脓性阑尾炎,阑尾切除,切口愈合良好(  )。", "options": {"A": "切口分类及愈合纪录为Ⅰ/甲", "B": "切口分类及愈合纪录为Ⅱ/甲", "C": "切口分类及愈合纪录为Ⅱ/丙", "D": "切口分类及愈合纪录为Ⅲ/甲"}, "answer": "切口分类及愈合纪录为Ⅲ/甲", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下面关于卡马西平的特点哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "作用机制是阻断Na+通道", "B": "对精神运动性发作为首选药", "C": "对癫痫小发作疗效仅次于乙琥胺", "D": "对锂盐无效的躁狂症也有效"}, "answer": "对癫痫小发作疗效仅次于乙琥胺", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿卵圆孔解剖上闭合的年龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生后5~7天", "B": "生后2~3个月", "C": "生后5~7个月", "D": "生后1~2岁"}, "answer": "生后5~7个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于尊重原则,下列描述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尊重原则是指尊重那些值得尊重的人和他们的决定", "B": "尊重原则是指尊重所有的人和他们的决定", "C": "尊重原则不包括尊重那些没到法定年龄的人和他们的决定", "D": "尊重原则也包括尊重那些没到法定年龄的人,有时甚至还包括他们的有些决定"}, "answer": "尊重原则也包括尊重那些没到法定年龄的人,有时甚至还包括他们的有些决定", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "提示二尖瓣狭窄合并左心房增大的主要心电图改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高尖P波", "B": "双峰P波", "C": "QRS波群宽", "D": "T波明显倒置"}, "answer": "双峰P波", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.脊髓灰质炎疫苗初种(  )。", "options": {"A": "初生至生后2个月", "B": "生后2~6个月", "C": "1~3岁", "D": "生后8~10个月"}, "answer": "生后2~6个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "诊断恶性肿瘤的组织学依据主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞浆呈嗜碱性", "B": "细胞核大", "C": "细胞异型性明显", "D": "可见核分裂像"}, "answer": "细胞异型性明显", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.脑震荡(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤后无昏迷,3小时后意识障碍", "B": "伤后啼哭,抽搐", "C": "伤后昏迷,片刻后清醒", "D": "伤后浅昏迷,脑脊液血性"}, "answer": "伤后昏迷,片刻后清醒", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某人的红细胞与A型血人的血清凝集,而其血清与A型血红细胞不凝集,此人的血型为(  )。", "options": {"A": "A型", "B": "B型", "C": "AB型", "D": "无法判断"}, "answer": "AB型", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "诊断脊髓损伤最有价值的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "MRI", "B": "ECT", "C": "CT", "D": "B超"}, "answer": "MRI", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "长期大量应用糖皮质激素可导致(  )。", "options": {"A": "低血压", "B": "高血钾", "C": "低血糖", "D": "水钠潴留"}, "answer": "水钠潴留", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "病员患胆管癌,术中术者用手指钝性剥离胆总管而撕破静脉急性大出血,慌乱中用钳夹止血,造成静脉完全离断,虽经吻合,病员终因急性肝功能衰竭而死亡。产生的后果属(  )。", "options": {"A": "医疗意外", "B": "病情重笃而发生的难以避免的死亡", "C": "医疗事故", "D": "手术难以避免的并发症"}, "answer": "医疗事故", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "符合早期胃癌诊断条件的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肿瘤仅限于胃窦", "B": "肿瘤未累及肌层", "C": "肿瘤直径小于0.5cm", "D": "肿瘤直径小于1cm"}, "answer": "肿瘤未累及肌层", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "成人双上肢占体表面积为(  )。", "options": {"A": "9%", "B": "13%", "C": "18%", "D": "21%"}, "answer": "18%", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "通常所说的血型是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞膜上受体的类型", "B": "红细胞膜上特异性凝集原类型", "C": "血浆中凝集素的类型", "D": "血浆中凝集原的类型"}, "answer": "红细胞膜上特异性凝集原类型", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "感染性心内膜炎最好发的心脏部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳头肌", "B": "心脏瓣膜", "C": "心室内膜", "D": "心房内膜"}, "answer": "心脏瓣膜", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性肾衰少尿或无尿期最危险的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "水中毒", "B": "血钠、血钙降低", "C": "高血钾", "D": "代谢性酸中毒"}, "answer": "高血钾", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医师在执业活动中不属于应当履行的义务是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尊重患者隐私权", "B": "人格尊严、人身安全不受侵犯", "C": "努力钻研业务,及时更新知识", "D": "爱岗敬业"}, "answer": "人格尊严、人身安全不受侵犯", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,29岁,高血压,伴低钾瘫,血浆醛固酮为82.6pmoL/L,赛庚啶试验醛固酮不降低,血肾素-血管紧张素Ⅱ基础值低,对呋塞米+立位无反应,疑诊醛固酮瘤,但双肾上腺CT正常,下列哪一项检查对肿瘤的定位及切除术最具有指导意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "超声显像", "B": "放射性碘化胆固醇肾上腺扫描", "C": "肾上腺磁共振", "D": "静脉导管取双侧肾静脉血,测定比较醛固酮浓度"}, "answer": "静脉导管取双侧肾静脉血,测定比较醛固酮浓度", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,26岁,半个月前曾因饮酒出现四肢无力约半天恢复。前天午饭后发觉双下肢无力,昨天步行困难双上肢亦无力,今天不能行走。体检:四肢不全瘫,上肢肌力2级,下肢肌力0级,感觉正常,腱反射消失,Babinski征双侧阴性。1.来诊当天入院,为诊断及鉴别诊断应先做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血钾", "B": "血肌酸磷酸激酶", "C": "神经传导速度", "D": "电变性反应"}, "answer": "血钾", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.膜内电位负值增大为(  )。", "options": {"A": "极化", "B": "去极化", "C": "反极化", "D": "超极化"}, "answer": "超极化", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,40岁,农民,因发热5天于2月25日入院,伴头痛、眼胀痛、腰痛、恶心,曾呕吐两次。体检:体温38.5℃,血压60/45mmHg,面颈部皮肤潮红,双眼球结膜水肿,两腋下可见散在出血点。外周血白细胞16.4×109/L,中性粒细胞0.74,血小板54×109/L;尿蛋白(++)。2.有确诊意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑脊液检查", "B": "特异性IgM抗体检测", "C": "骨髓穿刺涂片检查", "D": "肝、肾功能检查"}, "answer": "特异性IgM抗体检测", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,20岁,神志不清2小时入院,既往患1型糖尿病5年,长期皮下注射胰岛素。近3天因腹泻而停用。体检:血压70/50mmHg,皮肤中度失水征,呼吸深大,有烂苹果味,心率130次/分。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高渗性非酮症性糖尿病昏迷", "B": "糖尿病酮症酸中毒", "C": "糖尿病乳酸性酸中毒", "D": "感染性休克"}, "answer": "糖尿病酮症酸中毒", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "自身免疫耐受是在胚胎时期T细胞的分化过程中,其表面受体与胸腺中的APC表达的自身Ag-MHC复合物相互作用而被消除,这一过程是属于下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "基因缺陷", "B": "阴性选择", "C": "B细胞克隆无能", "D": "T细胞克隆无能"}, "answer": "阴性选择", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肉芽组织主要是由下列哪种细胞组成?(  )", "options": {"A": "成纤维细胞,新生毛细血管和炎性细胞", "B": "纤维细胞,新生毛细血管和炎性细胞", "C": "炎性细胞和成纤维细胞", "D": "新生毛细血管和巨噬细胞"}, "answer": "成纤维细胞,新生毛细血管和炎性细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项为血中直接调节胰岛素分泌而且经常起调节作用的重要因素?(  )", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素", "B": "血糖浓度", "C": "游离脂肪酸", "D": "血酮体浓度"}, "answer": "血糖浓度", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "最常见的阿米巴病的肠外并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心包炎", "B": "肺脓肿", "C": "肝脓肿", "D": "脑脓肿"}, "answer": "肝脓肿", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "原始骨痂形成需要(  )。", "options": {"A": "1周左右", "B": "2~3周", "C": "4~8周", "D": "11~12周"}, "answer": "4~8周", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "腹部闭合损伤时,最常受到损伤的空腔脏器是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃", "B": "十二指肠", "C": "升结肠", "D": "小肠"}, "answer": "小肠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在神经-骨骼肌接头处,下列哪项为消除乙酰胆碱的酶?(  )", "options": {"A": "ATP酶", "B": "胆碱酯酶", "C": "单胺氧化酶", "D": "Na+-K+依赖式ATP酶"}, "answer": "胆碱酯酶", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,1岁,头发稀黄,皮肤白嫩,头不能竖起,间断抽搐,尿有鼠尿味。该患儿的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "21-三体综合征", "B": "呆小病", "C": "先天性脑发育不全", "D": "苯丙酮尿症"}, "answer": "苯丙酮尿症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.上述哪项最能体现知情同意的准则?(  )", "options": {"A": "医生为患者选用疗效相当但价格低廉的药物", "B": "医生为患者提供完全、真实的信息,供其选择表态", "C": "医生诊断时应考虑病人的各方面因素", "D": "医生治疗时应努力使病人受益"}, "answer": "医生为患者提供完全、真实的信息,供其选择表态", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪一种有机磷农药中毒,从尿中可检出三氯乙醇?(  )", "options": {"A": "内吸磷", "B": "敌百虫", "C": "马拉硫磷", "D": "甲拌磷"}, "answer": "敌百虫", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项为引起肾综合征出血热的病原体?(  )", "options": {"A": "汉坦病毒", "B": "登革病毒", "C": "新疆出血热病毒", "D": "黄热病毒"}, "answer": "汉坦病毒", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,17岁,颈部增粗1年余,无疼痛,无甲状腺功能亢进症或甲状腺功能减退症的症状。甲状腺弥漫性肿大I~Ⅱ度。血清检查T4 90nmol/L(正常65~156),T3 1.9nmol/L(正常1.8~2.9),TSH3mU/L(正常0.3~4.8)。对该患者采取以下哪条措施最适当?(  )", "options": {"A": "暂不治疗", "B": "次全甲状腺切除", "C": "给予T3", "D": "放射性碘"}, "answer": "暂不治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有关炭疽杆菌错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "绝对需氧", "B": "常造成草食性动物的感染", "C": "其荚膜成分为多糖体", "D": "有芽孢"}, "answer": "其荚膜成分为多糖体", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,30岁。因下肢水肿2周就诊。体检:血压27/13kPa(200/100mmHg),尿蛋白(+++)、红细胞10~15个/HP,血Cr 150μmol/L,血白蛋白32g/L。1.病史及体检中与本病关系最少的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "近期感染史", "B": "妊娠与分娩情况", "C": "有无夜尿增多", "D": "有无关节“晨僵”现象"}, "answer": "有无关节“晨僵”现象", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "皮质醇增多症最常见的病因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "双肾上腺皮质增生", "B": "肾上腺皮质腺瘤", "C": "异位ACTH综合征", "D": "医源性糖皮质激素过多"}, "answer": "双肾上腺皮质增生", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,26岁。3天前咳血痰,今日咯血量达250ml左右。既往身体健康。体检:体温37℃,右肩胛下少量细小湿啰音,心尖部2级柔和的收缩期杂音,X线胸片无异常发现。3.若需要做体位引流,患者应采取(  )。", "options": {"A": "半卧位", "B": "头低足高左侧卧位", "C": "头低足高右侧卧位", "D": "站立位"}, "answer": "头低足高左侧卧位", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.胎儿期保健重点(  )。", "options": {"A": "孕母保健", "B": "加强品德教育", "C": "完成基础计划免疫", "D": "预防意外"}, "answer": "孕母保健", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "选择性IgA缺乏症属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "B细胞缺陷病", "B": "T、B细胞联合免疫缺陷病", "C": "T细胞缺陷病", "D": "补体缺陷病"}, "answer": "B细胞缺陷病", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,22岁,咳嗽数周。一个月前开始感到疲劳,食欲差,发热2周后咳痰中带血丝,体重减轻。体温38℃,非急性面容,右上肺有啰音,WBC 11×109/L,多形核0.63,临床怀疑患肺结核。下列处置不当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "做结核菌素试验", "B": "胸部X线拍片", "C": "痰结核杆菌培养", "D": "痰培养物接种豚鼠进行动物实验"}, "answer": "做结核菌素试验", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1周岁时头围平均增长到(  )。", "options": {"A": "46cm", "B": "48cm", "C": "50cm", "D": "52cm"}, "answer": "46cm", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.3个月婴儿每日所需8%的糖牛奶量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "700ml", "B": "660ml", "C": "500ml", "D": "300ml"}, "answer": "500ml", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "导致中枢性偏瘫包括同侧中枢性面、舌瘫的病损部位(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓", "B": "小脑", "C": "丘脑", "D": "内囊"}, "answer": "内囊", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "卵巢表面的组织为(  )。", "options": {"A": "卵巢皮质", "B": "结缔组织", "C": "腹膜", "D": "生发上皮"}, "answer": "生发上皮", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于含氮类激素的作用机制,下列哪一点是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "所有含氮类激素通过与膜受体结合发挥作用", "B": "对某种激素而言,其第二信使可以为两种物质", "C": "不同的激素可以使同一第二信使升高或降低", "D": "多肽激素使蛋白质磷酸化或去磷酸化而呈现效应"}, "answer": "所有含氮类激素通过与膜受体结合发挥作用", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "全程肉眼血尿提示血尿源于(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿道", "B": "肾小球", "C": "膀胱三角区", "D": "膀胱颈部"}, "answer": "肾小球", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.福氏痢疾(  )。", "options": {"A": "症状轻,非典型病例多", "B": "排病原体时间长,易转为慢性", "C": "果酱样大便", "D": "可有皮疹、便秘、腹泻"}, "answer": "排病原体时间长,易转为慢性", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.为克服高科技应用于医学服务所产生的负面影响,要求临床医师(  )。", "options": {"A": "注意克服人—物—人的物化趋势", "B": "维护和尊重患者的知情同意权", "C": "正确处理同行关系", "D": "不能以医谋私"}, "answer": "注意克服人—物—人的物化趋势", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.认知疗法(  )。", "options": {"A": "Rogers(罗杰斯)", "B": "Freud(弗洛伊德)", "C": "IvanPavlov(巴甫洛夫)", "D": "A.T.Beck(贝克)"}, "answer": "A.T.Beck(贝克)", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,30岁,发热、寒战,轻度黄疸,脾肋下3cm,血红蛋白70g/L,网织红细胞9%,血清铁1200μg/L,肝功能正常,Ham试验阴性,Coombs试验阳性,诊断应考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿", "B": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血", "C": "肝炎后合并继发性贫血", "D": "Evans综合征"}, "answer": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对粘液性水肿昏迷者必须立即静脉注射大剂量的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯化钾", "B": "糖皮质激素", "C": "左旋甲状腺素", "D": "肾上腺素"}, "answer": "左旋甲状腺素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "体内环境的稳态是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞外液理化性质保持不变", "B": "细胞内液的化学成分相对恒定", "C": "细胞外液的化学成分相对恒定", "D": "细胞外液的理化性质相对恒定"}, "answer": "细胞外液的理化性质相对恒定", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,45岁,贫血1年。肝肋下刚可触及,脾未触及。血红蛋白60g/L,红细胞2.10×1012/L,白细胞3.2×109/L,中性粒细胞38%,淋巴细胞62%,未见幼红细胞,血小板50×109/L。骨髓巨核细胞全片可见一个,中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶积分增高,骨髓增生活跃,粒系统及红系统多为晚期阶段,Ham试验阴性。最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "再生障碍性贫血", "B": "特发性血小板减少性紫癜", "C": "阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿", "D": "脾功能亢进"}, "answer": "再生障碍性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,26岁,双侧乳房胀疼1年,并触及不规则乳房肿块,伴有触痛,月经后症状有好转。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳癌", "B": "乳腺炎", "C": "乳腺纤维腺瘤", "D": "乳腺囊性增生症"}, "answer": "乳腺囊性增生症", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肝细胞呈碎片状坏死及桥接坏死见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性重型肝炎", "B": "慢性持续型肝炎", "C": "慢性活动型肝炎", "D": "急性普通型肝炎"}, "answer": "慢性活动型肝炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.肾病综合征(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖皮质激素大剂量冲击疗法", "B": "糖皮质激素一般剂量长期疗法", "C": "糖皮质激素大剂量长期疗法", "D": "维持量疗法"}, "answer": "糖皮质激素一般剂量长期疗法", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "正常成年人每日、每公斤体重静息能量消耗(BEE)为(  )。", "options": {"A": "15kcal", "B": "20kcal", "C": "25kcal", "D": "35kcal"}, "answer": "25kcal", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.咽结合膜热的病原体(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺病毒3.7型", "B": "人疱疹病毒6型", "C": "呼吸道合胞病毒", "D": "轮状病毒"}, "answer": "腺病毒3.7型", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对妊娠早期心脏病孕妇能否继续妊娠最主要的判定依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏病种类", "B": "胎儿大小", "C": "病变部位", "D": "心功能分级"}, "answer": "心功能分级", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,54岁,优秀话务员。近几年怀疑丈夫有外遇,看电视时激动,控制不住,外出走失一周找不到自己的家,住在露天,公安人员收留送回家。吃饭用手抓着吃,记忆力下降,行为幼稚。既往高血压7年,脑梗塞后10个月。神经系统检查:BP225/110mmHg,说话口齿不清,右侧下肢轻偏瘫症状,肌张力增高。巴氏征(+)。精神检查:意识清晰,智力减退,个人生活不能自理,二便失禁。1.最有意义的检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "头CT", "B": "EEG", "C": "智商测定", "D": "脑血流图"}, "answer": "头CT", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.新生儿期接种的疫苗应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙肝疫苗", "B": "麻疹疫苗", "C": "脊髓灰质炎疫苗", "D": "自百破疫苗"}, "answer": "乙肝疫苗", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "参与补体三条激活途径的成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "C1", "B": "B因子", "C": "C3", "D": "P因子"}, "answer": "C3", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哪种免疫现象不是由T细胞介导的主要细胞免疫现象(  )。", "options": {"A": "迟发型超敏反应", "B": "调理作用", "C": "抗肿瘤作用", "D": "移植物抗宿主反应"}, "answer": "调理作用", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对癫痫发作患者的急救首要处置是(  )。", "options": {"A": "按压人中", "B": "CT,发现病因", "C": "保持呼吸道通畅,防止窒息", "D": "详细询问病史"}, "answer": "保持呼吸道通畅,防止窒息", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,58岁。既往体健,因头晕半天、黑便4次,急诊。血压80/50mmHg,心率124次/分,面色苍白,冷汗。3.最能尽快明确诊断的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "超声心动图", "B": "CT", "C": "造影", "D": "胃镜"}, "answer": "胃镜", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,50岁。因胃溃疡合并多次大出血,行胃大部切除术,该患者术后5天出现胃出血。2.该患者术后可能出现的营养性并发症不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "体重减轻", "B": "低血糖综合征", "C": "缺铁性贫血", "D": "隐性骨质软化"}, "answer": "隐性骨质软化", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "衣原体引起的疾病中不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "斑疹伤寒", "B": "衣原体肺炎", "C": "沙眼", "D": "泌尿生殖道感染"}, "answer": "斑疹伤寒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,56岁的心房颤动患者,突然发生命名物品困难。2周来共发生过5次,每次持续2~15s。查体无神经系统异常。脑CT无异常。2.主要累及的血管为(  )。", "options": {"A": "基底动脉系", "B": "椎动脉系", "C": "颈内动脉系", "D": "大脑前动脉"}, "answer": "颈内动脉系", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.分泌IL-1和IL-12等细胞因子,参与免疫调节(  )。", "options": {"A": "Th1细胞", "B": "Th2细胞", "C": "TC(CTL)细胞", "D": "巨噬细胞"}, "answer": "巨噬细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "血站对采集的血液应(  )。", "options": {"A": "不须进行检测,因抽血前已作健康检查", "B": "不须进行检测,因临床机构用血前进行核查", "C": "必须进行检测,检测不合格的血液不可向医疗机构提供", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "必须进行检测,检测不合格的血液不可向医疗机构提供", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下哪项不是结肠癌的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "发生部位最多见于直肠、乙状结肠", "B": "多见于中老年人", "C": "可向肠腔内突出,表面形成溃疡", "D": "常早期发生血行转移"}, "answer": "常早期发生血行转移", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,65岁,高血压史5年,2小时前在劳动时突发剧烈头痛,检查:血压为180/105mmHg,神志清,右上、下肢肌力2级,右侧痛觉明显减退。入院后很快昏迷,瞳孔左>右,左侧瞳孔对光反射消失,颈强直,右侧肢瘫,右侧Babinski征(+),左侧Gordon征(+)2.根据患者病况,在综合性治疗基础上,应先采取的最重要治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "降血压药物", "B": "止血剂", "C": "自由基清除剂", "D": "脱水剂"}, "answer": "脱水剂", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "建立医患关系的原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "疾病病程和病人的经济状况", "B": "疾病性质和病人的人格特征", "C": "疾病性质和病人年龄", "D": "病人的文化程度和情绪反应"}, "answer": "疾病性质和病人的人格特征", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "符合小叶性肺炎特点的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺内各病灶病变表现不一样", "B": "能引起急性支气管炎的细菌、病毒等均能引起小叶性肺炎", "C": "病变可导致肺肉质变", "D": "不易出现合并症"}, "answer": "肺内各病灶病变表现不一样", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,48岁,左中指发僵、疼痛,屈伸中指时有弹响。2.疗效较好的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "限制活动和石膏固定", "B": "体疗加内服药物", "C": "伤湿止痛膏局部贴敷", "D": "醋酸强的松龙局部封闭"}, "answer": "醋酸强的松龙局部封闭", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "细菌性肝脓肿,细菌进入肝脏最常见的途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆道", "B": "门静脉", "C": "主动脉", "D": "淋巴系统"}, "answer": "胆道", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,56岁。1小时前无诱因呕吐一次,量约400ml,混有食物。既往体健。否认胃肠道疾病病史,1年前因双侧膝关节疼痛开始服用吲哚美辛。查体:T 36.5℃,P 90次分,R 18次/分,BP 120/80mmHg。双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心律齐。腹软,无压痛,粪常规:未见白细胞,粪隐血(+)。除停用吲哚美辛外,应首选的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉应用H2受体拮抗剂", "B": "静脉应用质子泵抑制剂", "C": "静脉应用止血芳酸", "D": "肌注维生素K1"}, "answer": "静脉应用质子泵抑制剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "23岁产妇,胎儿娩出后2分钟出现多量阴道流血。最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫缩乏力", "B": "凝血功能障碍", "C": "胎盘剥离不全", "D": "软产道裂伤"}, "answer": "胎盘剥离不全", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "亚急性细菌性心内膜炎时,下述病变哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "皮肤黏膜出血点", "B": "皮肤环形红斑", "C": "脾脏肿大", "D": "心瓣膜赘生物"}, "answer": "皮肤环形红斑", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "化脓性脑膜炎发病的高峰年龄期是(  )。", "options": {"A": "小于1岁", "B": "1~3岁", "C": "3~5岁", "D": "10~12岁"}, "answer": "小于1岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心包穿刺术的绝对禁忌证是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏压塞", "B": "化脓性心包炎", "C": "结核性心包炎", "D": "主动脉夹层"}, "answer": "主动脉夹层", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "子宫内膜癌确诊依靠(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫输卵管碘油造影检查", "B": "B型超声检查", "C": "宫腔镜检查", "D": "分段诊刮病理学检查"}, "answer": "分段诊刮病理学检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病激期(活动期)血生化的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清钙正常,血清磷降低,碱性磷酸酶降低", "B": "血清钙降低,血清磷降低,碱性磷酸酶增高", "C": "血清钙降低,血清磷正常,碱性磷酸酶增高", "D": "血清钙正常,血清磷降低,碱性磷酸酶增高"}, "answer": "血清钙降低,血清磷降低,碱性磷酸酶增高", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "青年女性,脱发,四肢关节痛半年,肝脾均于肋下2cm扪及,查Hb 60g/L,RBC 1.8×1012/L,WBC 7.7×109/L,PLT 150×109/L,网织红细胞12%,骨髓示增生性贫血,酸化血清溶血试验(-),尿蛋白(++)。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性白血病", "B": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血", "C": "脾功能亢进", "D": "阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿"}, "answer": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "手外伤时,检查桡动脉、尺动脉通畅和相互吻合的试验是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Pratt试验", "B": "Burger试验", "C": "Allen试验", "D": "Hollander试验"}, "answer": "Allen试验", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有关别构效应的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "某种小分子物质与蛋白质(酶)的某一部位特异结合", "B": "改变了蛋白质的一级结构", "C": "生物活性发生变化(增强或减弱)", "D": "在生物体内普遍存在"}, "answer": "改变了蛋白质的一级结构", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,30岁,头部外伤6h,伤后有一过性意识障碍,3h后再次出现昏迷。检查左颞部头皮血肿,左瞳孔散大。CT扫描显示左侧颞叶硬膜外血肿。3.首选治疗方案(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用止血药", "B": "钻孔引流术", "C": "应用皮质激素类药物", "D": "甘露醇脱水准备开颅"}, "answer": "甘露醇脱水准备开颅", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.Ⅲ期淋巴瘤(  )。", "options": {"A": "病变仅限于一个解剖部位", "B": "病变累及右侧颈、腋下和腹股沟淋巴结", "C": "病变累及左腋下淋巴结及肝脏", "D": "病变累及右锁骨上淋巴结和左腋下,并伴有高热"}, "answer": "病变累及右侧颈、腋下和腹股沟淋巴结", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.属于过氧化物酶增殖体活化因子受体γ激动剂的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿卡波糖", "B": "胰岛素", "C": "格列本脲", "D": "吡格列酮"}, "answer": "吡格列酮", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "能通过产生穿孔素杀伤靶细胞的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Mφ", "B": "NK", "C": "LAK", "D": "中性粒细胞"}, "answer": "NK", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,l2岁,鼻出血,躯干及四肢瘀点、瘀斑,发病前2周有感冒史,脾不肿大,血小板20×109/L,出血时间l2分,凝血时间正常,束臂试验阳性,PT正常,骨髓象增生,巨核细胞增多,幼稚型巨核细胞40%,产血小板型巨核细胞缺少,诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性白血病", "B": "急性ITP", "C": "再生障碍性贫血", "D": "过敏性紫癜"}, "answer": "急性ITP", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "SD-SK产自下述哪一种细菌?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺炎球菌", "B": "沙门菌", "C": "淋球菌", "D": "A群链球菌"}, "answer": "A群链球菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "乳腺癌侵犯乳房悬韧带(Cooper韧带),出现的局部表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "橘皮样变", "B": "肿瘤表面皮肤凹陷(酒窝征)", "C": "局部水肿", "D": "铠甲状胸壁"}, "answer": "肿瘤表面皮肤凹陷(酒窝征)", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.属糖异生的酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "NADH脱氢酶", "B": "苹果酸脱氢酶", "C": "葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶", "D": "6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶"}, "answer": "葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿6岁,据X光片诊断锁骨青枝骨折,正确的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "三角巾悬吊患肢3周", "B": "手法复位,8字绷带外固定", "C": "手术复位内固定", "D": "卧床2周"}, "answer": "三角巾悬吊患肢3周", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医学伦理学的基本问题是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医德和行为的关系问题", "B": "医德和利益的关系问题", "C": "医德和权利的关系问题", "D": "医德和义务的关系问题"}, "answer": "医德和利益的关系问题", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性支气管炎急性发作患者,伴发热。使用头孢他啶1周后,体温曾一度降至正常,症状缓解。后再次出现发热。经检查,口腔黏膜有白色念珠菌感染,此时抗生素应改用(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯霉素", "B": "红霉素", "C": "两性霉素B", "D": "土霉素"}, "answer": "两性霉素B", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某患者夜间突发急腹症被送到某医院看急诊,初诊为急性胆囊炎。负责医生因自己年轻,怕担风险,未做任何处理,即让家属把患者送到20里外的中心医院就诊,延误了治疗时间,致使病人胆囊穿孔,中毒性休克。后虽经抢救挽救了生命,但医药费用去2万多元。1.对该医生的正确伦理评价是(  )。", "options": {"A": "没有什么问题,风险太大时首先要保护好自己", "B": "没有什么问题,不想接诊的病人就可以让他转诊", "C": "没有什么问题,当时情况可以转诊", "D": "不正确,违反首诊负责制要求,给病人造成严重伤害"}, "answer": "不正确,违反首诊负责制要求,给病人造成严重伤害", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列有关再生障碍性贫血发病机制的检查结果,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清IL-2水平增高", "B": "CD4+T细胞增高", "C": "CD8+T细胞增高", "D": "CD25+T细胞增高"}, "answer": "CD4+T细胞增高", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.红细胞悬浮稳定性差时,红细胞会发生(  )。", "options": {"A": "聚集", "B": "叠连", "C": "凝集", "D": "凝固"}, "answer": "叠连", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,20岁。1个月前因工作差错被领导批评后出现心情烦躁,经常哭泣,认为自己没有能力,什么事情都干不好,周围人的眼神不怀好意,看她笑话。失眠,早醒。近1周病情加重,觉得生不如死,在家中拒食等死。3.该患者不宜使用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "喹硫平", "B": "卡马西平", "C": "碳酸锂", "D": "丙戊酸钠"}, "answer": "喹硫平", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "与幽门螺杆菌感染关系密切的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "克罗恩病", "B": "十二指肠溃疡", "C": "胃食管反流病", "D": "溃疡性结肠炎"}, "answer": "十二指肠溃疡", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "诊断颅底骨折通常依据(  )。", "options": {"A": "头颅X线摄片", "B": "受伤机制", "C": "临床体征", "D": "意识障碍"}, "answer": "临床体征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是引起冠状血管舒张最强的因素?(  )", "options": {"A": "H+浓度增加", "B": "缺O2", "C": "腺苷", "D": "前列腺素"}, "answer": "腺苷", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于伤寒病原学的叙述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "革兰染色阴性", "B": "“Vi”抗体有助于诊断", "C": "其内毒素是致病的重要因素", "D": "本菌有“O”、“H”、“Vi”抗原"}, "answer": "“Vi”抗体有助于诊断", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,52岁。上腹部疼痛反复发作5年,近7d出现腹胀,呕吐。经X线钡剂检查诊断十二指肠溃疡伴幽门梗阻。最适宜的手术方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "毕Ⅰ式胃大部切除术", "B": "毕Ⅱ式胃大部切除术", "C": "迷走神经干切断术", "D": "选择性胃迷走神经切断术"}, "answer": "毕Ⅱ式胃大部切除术", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "构成传染病流行过程的3个基本条件为(  )。", "options": {"A": "传染源,传播途径,易感人群", "B": "病原体,环境,宿主", "C": "病原体数量,致病力,定位", "D": "病原体,人体,他们所处的环境"}, "answer": "传染源,传播途径,易感人群", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4个月男孩,低热伴咳嗽2天,喘憋加重1天,精神、食欲尚可。体检:体温37.8℃,呼吸60次/min,心率150次/min,两肺满布哮鸣音,两背下部可闻及细湿啰音,肝肋下3.5cm。2.若上述检查结果为阳性,胸部X线拍片示两肺有不同程度的梗阻性肺气肿和支气管周围炎,考虑最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛细支气管炎", "B": "金葡菌肺炎", "C": "腺病毒性肺炎", "D": "哮喘性支气管炎"}, "answer": "毛细支气管炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "右心衰竭时,产生水肿的主要始动因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛细血管滤过压增高", "B": "毛细血管通透性增高", "C": "水与钠潴留", "D": "血浆胶体渗透压降低"}, "answer": "毛细血管滤过压增高", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "儿童化脓性骨髓炎的脓肿不易进入关节腔,是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "关节囊对关节腔具有保护作用", "B": "脓肿容易局限和吸收", "C": "儿童的关节对化脓性炎症的抵抗力强", "D": "干骺端的骺板起屏障作用"}, "answer": "干骺端的骺板起屏障作用", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于炎症介质的描述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "凝血系统在炎症中具有重要功能", "B": "C3、C5是重要的炎症介质", "C": "缓激肽可使血管通透性增加", "D": "组胺具有阳性趋化作用"}, "answer": "组胺具有阳性趋化作用", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪项是门静脉压升高最明显的肝硬化?(  )", "options": {"A": "肝炎后肝硬化", "B": "血吸虫性肝硬化", "C": "胆汁性肝硬化", "D": "淤血性肝硬化"}, "answer": "血吸虫性肝硬化", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,40岁。反复呕吐2天,因消化道溃疡幽门梗阻入院,测得血钾为3.2mmol/L,血钠为130mmol/L,血氯为70mmol/L,最可能的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低钾、低钠、低氯、酸中毒", "B": "低钾、低钠、高氯、碱中毒", "C": "低钾、低钠、低氯、碱中毒", "D": "低钾、高钠、高氯、酸中毒"}, "answer": "低钾、低钠、低氯、碱中毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "注射青霉素引起过敏性休克,血压下降,是由血管活性物质引起的生物学效应,这种休克的发生是由哪一种效应所致?(  )", "options": {"A": "支气管平滑肌收缩", "B": "毛细血管扩张", "C": "血管通透性增加", "D": "趋化白细胞"}, "answer": "毛细血管扩张", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有关慢性肾盂肾炎的描述,下列哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "尿内出现白细胞", "B": "肾病综合征", "C": "肾性高血压", "D": "尿内有细菌"}, "answer": "肾病综合征", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以下哪项是局麻药的作用机制?(  )", "options": {"A": "在神经膜内侧阻断Na+内流", "B": "在神经膜内侧阻断K+内流", "C": "在神经膜内侧阻断Cl–内流", "D": "降低静息膜电位"}, "answer": "在神经膜内侧阻断Na+内流", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,40岁,因发热,便秘,食欲不振12天入院,查体:肝大,肋下1cm,软,脾肋下及边,血常规WBC 2.7×109/L,中性粒细胞52%,淋巴细胞44%,血清ALT 120U/L,肥达反应:“O”1:160,“H”1:160。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤寒", "B": "急性白血病", "C": "败血症", "D": "恶性组织细胞病"}, "answer": "伤寒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "最容易引起窦房传导阻滞的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高钾血症", "B": "饮茶", "C": "甲状腺功能亢进症", "D": "交感神经张力过高"}, "answer": "高钾血症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,40岁。乏力、反复牙龈出血及皮肤出血点1年。乙型肝炎病史10余年。查体:左肋下可触及包块,边界清,质地韧,有切迹,随呼吸移动,无压痛,该包块可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左肾", "B": "脾脏", "C": "胃癌", "D": "肝脏左叶"}, "answer": "脾脏", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,60岁。因胃溃疡合并多次大出血,行胃大部切除术,该患者术后5天出现黑便。1.该患者术后可能出现的营养性并发症不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "体重减轻", "B": "溶血性贫血", "C": "脂肪泻", "D": "骨病"}, "answer": "溶血性贫血", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,28岁。间断腹痛、发热3年。结肠镜检查:回肠末段见4cm×1cm纵型溃疡,周围黏膜铺路石样改变。活检标本可能出现的主要病理改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "隐窝脓肿", "B": "杯状细胞减少", "C": "非干酪样肉芽肿", "D": "可见包涵体"}, "answer": "非干酪样肉芽肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为医德评价的最高标准?(  )", "options": {"A": "医德基本原则", "B": "医德规范", "C": "医德范畴", "D": "医德良心"}, "answer": "医德基本原则", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,35岁。搬重物时突然出现腰背部疼痛伴右下肢放射痛2小时。查体:下腰部压痛,右下肢直腿抬高试验(+),右侧足背外侧感觉减弱,右足趾跖屈肌力减弱,右侧跟腱反射减弱,Babinski征(-)。该患者疾病可能受累的节段是(  )。", "options": {"A": "L1~L5", "B": "L5~S1", "C": "L2~L3", "D": "L3~L5"}, "answer": "L5~S1", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,48岁。右颈部包块伴发热1个月入院,活检诊断为弥漫性大细胞型,B细胞来源,脾肋下5cm,骨髓穿刺涂片内有12%淋巴肉瘤细胞。3.治疗应采取(  )。", "options": {"A": "放射治疗", "B": "联合化疗", "C": "颈淋巴结切除", "D": "免疫抑制剂"}, "answer": "联合化疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项不支持急进性肾小球肾炎的诊断?(  )", "options": {"A": "呈急性肾炎综合征", "B": "肾功能急剧转坏", "C": "数周内进展至尿毒症", "D": "肾小球基底膜出现“双轨征”改变"}, "answer": "肾小球基底膜出现“双轨征”改变", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是足月儿生后第1h内的呼吸频率?(  )", "options": {"A": "20~30/min", "B": "40~50/min", "C": "60~80/min", "D": "80~100/min"}, "answer": "60~80/min", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "20岁男性,四肢无力4天,无尿便障碍,无发热。查体:四肢肌力Ⅲ级,四肢远端痛觉减退,腱反射弱,无病理反射,腰穿正常。首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "格林-巴利综合征", "B": "急性脊髓炎", "C": "脊髓灰质炎", "D": "重症肌无力"}, "answer": "格林-巴利综合征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某女性患者,45岁。体检结果显示:血压180/100mmHg,体重68kg,身高160cm(BMI=26.6),甘油三酯4.5mmol/L,胆固醇5.1mmol/L。2.对该患者进行非药物治疗,应告知其饮食要注意严格控制(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆固醇和脂肪摄入", "B": "胆固醇摄入", "C": "总热能和脂肪摄入", "D": "蛋白质摄入"}, "answer": "胆固醇和脂肪摄入", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "内痔的常见早期症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肛门疼痛", "B": "大便时滴血", "C": "痔核脱出", "D": "粘液血便"}, "answer": "大便时滴血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,l6岁,病人自述两月来脑子里总出现学校校长的半身头像,有时很清晰,有时不清晰,但却不是用眼睛看见的,该症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "错觉", "B": "假性幻觉", "C": "真性幻觉", "D": "人格解体"}, "answer": "假性幻觉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,30岁。在颈丛麻醉下施行了甲状腺瘤切除术,手术顺利。1.该病人返回病房后应采用的卧位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "平卧12小时,改半卧位", "B": "半卧位", "C": "头低脚高位", "D": "下肢抬高15°~20°,头部抬高20°~30°"}, "answer": "半卧位", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.最易与陈旧性宫外孕相混淆的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性阑尾炎", "B": "输卵管卵巢囊肿", "C": "稽留流产", "D": "卵巢黄体破裂"}, "answer": "输卵管卵巢囊肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,50岁,突起呼吸困难,咳粉红色泡沫痰,血压190/100mmHg,诊断为急性左心衰,该患者的最佳治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "西地兰", "B": "硝普钠", "C": "多巴酚丁胺", "D": "硝酸甘油"}, "answer": "硝普钠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "全血细胞减少,骨髓增生低下,造血细胞减少,这样的血象骨髓象不见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "低增生性白血病", "B": "溶血性贫血", "C": "PNH", "D": "骨髓纤维化"}, "answer": "低增生性白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "早产儿,体重2.2kg,生后2天,诊断为新生儿溶血病,化验胆红素342μmol/L,出现嗜睡、拥抱反射消失,肌张力减低。2.首选的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "换血疗法", "B": "输白蛋白", "C": "纠正酸中毒", "D": "鲁米那"}, "answer": "换血疗法", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "以师承方式学习传统医学至少满多长时间,经卫生行政部门指定的组织考核合格并推荐,才可以参加执业医师资格或者执业助理医师资格考试(  )。", "options": {"A": "一年", "B": "二年", "C": "三年", "D": "四年"}, "answer": "三年", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列甲状腺疾病中,必须手术治疗的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结节性甲状腺肿,继发甲亢", "B": "妊娠早期甲状腺肿", "C": "青春期甲状腺肿", "D": "青少年甲亢"}, "answer": "结节性甲状腺肿,继发甲亢", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,28岁,高处坠下时,左小腿肿胀、压痛,膝下8cm处成角畸形,小腿短缩,胫骨前侧有10cm皮肤裂开,足背动脉搏动消失,正确的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左胫骨上1/3骨折、伴胫前神经损伤", "B": "左胫骨上1/3开放性骨折伴动脉损伤", "C": "左胫骨上1/3骨折伴静脉血管损伤", "D": "左胫骨上1/3骨折伴骨筋膜室综合征"}, "answer": "左胫骨上1/3开放性骨折伴动脉损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪种激素通过蛋白激酶A通路发挥作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "胰岛素", "B": "生长因子", "C": "甲状腺素", "D": "肾上腺素"}, "answer": "肾上腺素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是干扰素抗病毒的作用机制?(  )", "options": {"A": "干扰病毒的穿入", "B": "直接干扰病毒mRNA的转录", "C": "诱导抗病毒蛋白质的产生", "D": "干扰病毒的释放"}, "answer": "诱导抗病毒蛋白质的产生", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.每次哺乳时,母乳中呈先高后低变化的营养成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "矿物质", "B": "维生素", "C": "蛋白质", "D": "碳水化合物"}, "answer": "蛋白质", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "经常出现意识障碍的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "躯体疾病所致精神障碍", "C": "神经衰弱", "D": "急性焦虑症"}, "answer": "躯体疾病所致精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肾性与中枢性尿崩症的鉴别方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "测定尿渗透压和血钠", "B": "测定尿渗透压和比重", "C": "测定血浆和尿渗透压", "D": "加压素试验"}, "answer": "加压素试验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.用来鉴定蛋白质的技术是(  )。", "options": {"A": "亲和层析", "B": "Southern印迹杂交", "C": "Western印迹杂交", "D": "离子交换层析"}, "answer": "Western印迹杂交", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,30岁,患消化性溃疡2年余,经常反复发作,曾用过多种药物治疗。下列用过的治疗药物中,属于保护胃黏膜的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "法莫替丁", "B": "氢氧化铝", "C": "西沙必利", "D": "米索前列醇"}, "answer": "米索前列醇", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性肾小球肾炎血中抗“O”增高往往提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "近期有链球菌感染", "B": "可能发生肾功能衰竭", "C": "可能转变成为慢性肾炎", "D": "可能为肾病综合征"}, "answer": "近期有链球菌感染", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.男性,31岁。发热,齿龈与鼻腔出血,黑便1周入院,皮肤粘膜散在瘀点和大片瘀斑,血红蛋白70 g/L,幼稚细胞50%,白细胞7.0×109/L,血小板24×109/L,骨髓增生明显活跃,异型幼稚细胞80%,细胞较大,不规则,胞浆内有大小不等颗粒,有的重叠于细胞核上,并可见成堆棒状小体,过氧化物酶染色强阳性。该病例临床诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性单核细胞白血病", "B": "急性红白血病", "C": "急性早幼粒细胞白血病", "D": "急性粒细胞白血病"}, "answer": "急性早幼粒细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.丙氨酸氨基转移酶和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶共同底物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "谷氨酸", "B": "谷氨酰胺", "C": "酪氨酸", "D": "精氨酸"}, "answer": "谷氨酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列疾病均可导致颅内压增高,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑肿瘤", "B": "狭颅症", "C": "颅脑外伤", "D": "动脉硬化性脑萎缩"}, "answer": "动脉硬化性脑萎缩", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.急性心肌梗死2小时,升高的心肌坏死标志物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CK-MB", "B": "MYO(肌红蛋白)", "C": "GOT(天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶)", "D": "cTnI"}, "answer": "MYO(肌红蛋白)", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,20岁,感冒后7天出现颜面及双下肢水肿,尿少,查体:血压160/100mmHg,尿蛋白(+++),尿沉渣示红细胞(++),Scr 130μmol/L,2周后少尿,BUN 28mmol/L,Scr 620μmol/L,哪种疾病可能性大?(  )", "options": {"A": "急进性肾小球肾炎", "B": "慢性肾炎", "C": "肾病综合征", "D": "高血压肾病"}, "answer": "急进性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列不予医师执业注册的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "受过吊销医师执业证书行政处罚的", "B": "不具有完全民事行为能力的", "C": "受刑事处罚,自刑罚执行完毕之日起至申请注册之日止不满3年的", "D": "受吊销医师执业证书行政处罚,自处罚之日起至申请注册之日止不满3年的"}, "answer": "不具有完全民事行为能力的", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,22岁,右腹部胀痛伴血尿3月余,KUB+IVU诊断右肾盂结石,大小1.8cm×1.2cm,右肾轻度积水,肾功能正常,首选的冶疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "药物排石", "B": "体外冲击波碎石(ESWL)", "C": "右肾盂切开取石术", "D": "经皮肾镜激光碎石"}, "answer": "体外冲击波碎石(ESWL)", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "核酸中含量相对恒定的元素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氢", "B": "氧", "C": "氮", "D": "磷"}, "answer": "磷", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,34岁,患胆囊结石4年。饱餐后持续上腹疼痛10小时,向腰背部放射,伴恶心、呕吐、发热。查体:上腹明显压痛,Murphy征阴性,肋脊角无压痛、叩痛。1.诊断首先考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆囊炎", "B": "泌尿系结石", "C": "肠梗阻", "D": "急性胰腺炎"}, "answer": "急性胰腺炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男孩,2岁,因呕吐频繁、水样便3天伴发热,于10月底入院,12小时无尿,查体:T 38℃,颜面苍白,皮肤弹性极差,眼窝凹陷,心肺听诊无异常,腹稍胀,肝脾无肿大,跟腱反射未引出,四肢末梢微冷,实验室检查:血钠138mmol/L。4.该患儿第一天补液总量应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "90~120ml/kg", "B": "120~150ml/kg", "C": "150~180ml/kg", "D": "180~210ml/kg"}, "answer": "150~180ml/kg", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一般不通过垂直传播的病毒是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓灰质炎病毒", "B": "乙型肝炎病毒", "C": "人类免疫缺陷病毒", "D": "巨细胞病毒"}, "answer": "脊髓灰质炎病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "哪项是小儿结核性脑膜炎的早期临床表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "惊厥", "B": "性格改变", "C": "前囟饱满", "D": "意识模糊"}, "answer": "性格改变", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女婴,8个月。发热、呕吐、腹泻、少尿2天。查体:哭无泪,眼窝、前囟明显凹陷,皮肤弹性差,呈花纹状,心音低钝,四肢末梢凉。实验室检查:粪常规未见红细胞、白细胞,可见脂肪滴,血清钠135mmol/L。患儿的脱水程度属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "中度高渗性脱水", "B": "重度低渗性脱水", "C": "重度等渗性脱水", "D": "中度低渗性脱水"}, "answer": "重度等渗性脱水", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有关早期食管癌的叙述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "常无明显临床症状", "B": "可以是粘膜下癌", "C": "可以是原位癌", "D": "可以侵及浅肌层"}, "answer": "可以侵及浅肌层", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,78岁。腰骶部疼痛2个月。直肠指诊前列腺增大,有结节,质地坚硬且侵犯直肠,血清PSA 80.6mg/ml,前列腺穿刺活检诊断前列腺癌,放射性核素骨显像见腰椎转移病灶。2.应选择的最佳治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "根治性前列腺切除术+内分泌治疗", "B": "观察,对症处理", "C": "双侧睾丸切除术", "D": "药物化疗+抗雄激素制剂"}, "answer": "药物化疗+抗雄激素制剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "胸骨左缘第3肋间舒张期叹气样杂音见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "二尖瓣关闭不全", "B": "主动脉瓣关闭不全", "C": "主动脉瓣狭窄", "D": "二尖瓣狭窄"}, "answer": "主动脉瓣关闭不全", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "Di George综合征的免疫学表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吞噬细胞缺陷", "B": "B细胞缺陷", "C": "补体缺陷", "D": "T细胞缺陷"}, "answer": "T细胞缺陷", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对人体造成严重后果的风湿病变发生在哪里?(  )", "options": {"A": "血管", "B": "关节", "C": "心脏", "D": "脑"}, "answer": "心脏", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.新生儿筛查先天性甲状腺功能低下应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "干血滴片TSH", "B": "血清T3、T4、TSH", "C": "核素检查", "D": "腕部X线检查"}, "answer": "干血滴片TSH", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.临床上可大剂量用于抗炎、抗过敏、抗中毒和抗休克等治疗的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生长激素", "B": "甲状腺素", "C": "糖皮质激素", "D": "胰岛素"}, "answer": "糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列符合急性心包炎胸痛临床特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "疼痛不放射", "B": "随渗液量的增多而加重", "C": "深呼吸时减轻", "D": "咳嗽时加重"}, "answer": "咳嗽时加重", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,72岁,腹泻3天,神志不清1天,尿量多。T 37.5℃,BP 90/60 mmHg,皮肤粘膜干燥。尿糖(++++),尿酮体(±)。可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑血管意外", "B": "糖尿病酮症酸中毒", "C": "高渗性非酮症性糖尿病昏迷", "D": "感染中毒性脑病"}, "answer": "高渗性非酮症性糖尿病昏迷", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某婴儿,前囟饱满,角弓反张,脑脊液检查中发现有细菌,此儿患有(  )。", "options": {"A": "流行性乙型脑炎", "B": "脑出血", "C": "脊髓灰质炎", "D": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎"}, "answer": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.可直接激活蛋白激酶C的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "cAMP", "B": "cGMP", "C": "磷脂酰丝氨酸", "D": "IP3"}, "answer": "IP3", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列不是肾综合征出血热的临床表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压", "B": "发热", "C": "蛋白尿", "D": "低血压"}, "answer": "高血压", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "9个月男婴,咳嗽、喘息已3天,呼吸增快,心率142次/分,喘憋,闻及两肺广泛哮鸣音,诊断为毛细支气管炎,该患者的治疗加用何种药物对缓解喘憋效果好?(  )", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素", "B": "肾上腺皮质激素", "C": "异丙肾上腺素", "D": "α-糜蛋白酶雾化吸入"}, "answer": "肾上腺皮质激素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.坏死物不能完全溶解吸收,由新生的肉芽组织取代坏死物的过程(  )。", "options": {"A": "机化", "B": "包裹", "C": "钙化", "D": "坏疽"}, "answer": "机化", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "左旋多巴体内过程的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "外周作用大部分可进入中枢", "B": "口服后胃排空时间与胃内pH有关", "C": "外周多巴胺脱羧酶抑制不减少其用量", "D": "血药浓度个体差异较小"}, "answer": "口服后胃排空时间与胃内pH有关", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是诱导免疫耐受的方法(  )。", "options": {"A": "切除成年动物的胸腺", "B": "注射佐剂", "C": "注射极大量Ag", "D": "注射有丝分裂素和Ag"}, "answer": "注射极大量Ag", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "影响神经系统发育最重要的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生长激素", "B": "甲状腺激素", "C": "皮质醇", "D": "肾上腺激素"}, "answer": "甲状腺激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "存在于抗原分子表面的,决定抗原特异性的特殊的化学基团称之为(  )。", "options": {"A": "表位", "B": "类属抗原", "C": "抗原结合价", "D": "Forssman抗原"}, "answer": "表位", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男孩,5岁。水肿伴尿少3天,病前2天有“上感”史。查体:BP 90/60mmHg,眼睑及颜面水肿,双下肢凹陷性水肿,实验室检查:血浆清蛋白22g/L,胆固醇7.2mmol/L,肾功能正常,血C3 1.25g/L,PPD试验(-),尿常规:RBC 10/HP,蛋白(++++)。1.该患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgA肾病", "B": "慢性肾小球肾炎急性发作", "C": "原发性单纯性肾病综合征", "D": "病毒性肾炎"}, "answer": "原发性单纯性肾病综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "体现医师克己美德的做法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "点名手术无论大小能做多少就做多少", "B": "只要是对病人有利的要求有求必应", "C": "只要是病人的要求有求必应", "D": "对病人有利而又无损自我利益的才去做"}, "answer": "只要是对病人有利的要求有求必应", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于酶活性中心的叙述,正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "酶原有能发挥催化作用的活性中心", "B": "必需基团存在的惟一部位", "C": "均由亲水氨基酸组成", "D": "含结合基团和催化基团"}, "answer": "含结合基团和催化基团", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,30岁,3个月来工作较累,近3周来出现兴趣缺乏,易疲劳,言语少,动作迟缓,自觉脑子笨,没有以前聪明,早醒,食欲减退,腹胀,便秘,全身酸痛,有时感心悸,气急。总觉自己患了不治之症,给家庭带来许多麻烦。该病人最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经衰弱", "B": "疑病症", "C": "抑郁症", "D": "心身疾病"}, "answer": "抑郁症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是阿托品抗休克的主要机制?(  )", "options": {"A": "扩张支气管,改善缺氧状态", "B": "加快心率,增加排血量", "C": "扩张血管,改善微循环", "D": "兴奋中枢,改善呼吸"}, "answer": "扩张血管,改善微循环", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "为研究某地成人高血压情况,若以舒张压≥90mmHg为高血压,在某地调查成人1000人中有高血压患者20名,非高血压者980名1.其研究总体是下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "某地所有的非高血压患者", "B": "某地所有的成人", "C": "调查的1000成人", "D": "以上均不是"}, "answer": "某地所有的成人", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "选择性阻断α1受体的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "妥拉唑啉", "B": "酚妥拉明", "C": "哌唑嗪", "D": "α-甲基多巴"}, "answer": "哌唑嗪", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "病人头晕、乏力、恶心呕吐,血清Na+130mmol/L、血清K+4.5mmol/L、尿比重1.010,是哪一种电解质失调(  )。", "options": {"A": "高渗性缺水", "B": "低渗性缺水", "C": "低钾血症", "D": "高钾血症"}, "answer": "低渗性缺水", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不属于肱骨髁上骨折的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肘部疼痛肿胀", "B": "肘部皮下淤斑", "C": "肘部三角异常", "D": "皮肤较冷"}, "answer": "肘部三角异常", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "先天性甲状腺功能减退症在新生儿期最早引起注意的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "特殊容貌", "B": "生长发育延迟", "C": "生理性黄疸时间延长", "D": "皮肤粗糙"}, "answer": "生理性黄疸时间延长", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "解磷定治疗有机磷中毒的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使胆碱酯酶恢复活性,消除或减轻烟碱样症状", "B": "使有机磷氧化还原成无毒物质", "C": "解除有机磷中毒的毒草碱样症状", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "使胆碱酯酶恢复活性,消除或减轻烟碱样症状", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "ITP的治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "脾切除", "B": "糖皮质激素", "C": "输浓缩血小板悬液", "D": "长春新碱"}, "answer": "糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.组织细胞从胚胎期不成熟细胞到正常成熟细胞的生长发育过程(  )。", "options": {"A": "化生", "B": "机化", "C": "分化", "D": "增生"}, "answer": "分化", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下关于窦性心动过速的治疗原则,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "针对病因治疗", "B": "对症治疗", "C": "应用美西律治疗", "D": "应用美托洛尔治疗"}, "answer": "应用美西律治疗", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,58岁,有轻度高血压病史两年,近来时有右手发麻,今晨醒来时右手活动不灵,站立时右腿也无力,随后数小时症状渐加重,意识一直清楚,无其他不适。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑出血", "B": "脑血栓形成", "C": "脑栓塞", "D": "短暂性脑缺血发作"}, "answer": "脑血栓形成", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.潜意识理论属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分析学派", "B": "行为主义学派", "C": "人本主义学派", "D": "心理生理学理论"}, "answer": "精神分析学派", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "Rh阴性孕妇既往有死胎,流产史。本次妊娠中应作的产前处理中,以下错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "测定孕妇血清Rh抗体效价", "B": "测定羊水胆红素浓度", "C": "所有Rh阴性孕妇均应于产前反复血浆置换治疗", "D": "孕妇于预产期前1~2周口服苯巴比妥"}, "answer": "所有Rh阴性孕妇均应于产前反复血浆置换治疗", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,38岁,两天来阵发性脐周疼痛,恶心,呕吐频繁,量较大,尿量少,无口渴。体检:腹胀不明显,偶见肠型,肠鸣音亢进。辅助检查:血白细胞12×109/L,中性粒细胞80%,PCO239mmHg。此患者可能出现的代谢紊乱是(  )。", "options": {"A": "代谢性酸中毒,高渗性脱水", "B": "代谢性酸中毒,低渗性脱水", "C": "呼吸性酸中毒,低渗性脱水", "D": "呼吸性酸中毒,高渗性脱水"}, "answer": "代谢性酸中毒,低渗性脱水", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,20岁。腹部被自行车碾过,尚未明确诊断,观察期间错误的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "注射吗啡止痛", "B": "反复检查腹部", "C": "绝对卧床休息", "D": "监测血压、脉搏"}, "answer": "注射吗啡止痛", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性感染多发性神经炎的诊断标准之一是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腱反射正常", "B": "病后有腹泻", "C": "四肢下运动神经元性瘫", "D": "双侧腓肠肌按痛"}, "answer": "四肢下运动神经元性瘫", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列抗结核药物,不属于杀菌剂的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "利福平", "B": "异烟肼", "C": "乙胺丁醇", "D": "链霉素"}, "answer": "乙胺丁醇", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.男性,58岁,晨起出现右侧偏瘫、言语不清,持续20分钟,头CT检查正常,诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "腔隙性脑梗死", "B": "短暂性脑缺血发作", "C": "高血压脑病", "D": "壳核出血"}, "answer": "短暂性脑缺血发作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,35岁。饱餐后出现上腹部剧烈疼痛8小时,向后背放射,屈曲位腹痛减轻,伴呕吐,有胆囊结石病史。查体:腹软,上腹部有压痛、反跳痛,Murphy征阴性,肠鸣音减弱。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性胆囊炎", "B": "急性胰腺炎", "C": "急性阑尾炎", "D": "心肌炎"}, "answer": "急性胰腺炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "提出治疗过程要信任和依靠来访者自身的潜力,而不是依靠治疗师的指导性工作的心理学派观点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分析", "B": "行为主义", "C": "人本主义", "D": "认知心理"}, "answer": "人本主义", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是青霉素抗革兰阳性(G+)菌作用的机制?(  )", "options": {"A": "干扰细菌蛋白质合成", "B": "抑制细菌核酸代谢", "C": "抑制细菌细胞壁肽聚糖(黏肽)的合成", "D": "破坏细菌细胞膜结构"}, "answer": "抑制细菌细胞壁肽聚糖(黏肽)的合成", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "ABO抗原引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅱ型超敏反应", "B": "Ⅲ型超敏反应", "C": "Ⅳ型超敏反应", "D": "以上均不是"}, "answer": "Ⅱ型超敏反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪一项不符合平滑肌瘤的特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "肿瘤境界清楚", "B": "切面灰白、质韧,呈编织状", "C": "不会恶性变", "D": "不转移"}, "answer": "不会恶性变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性淋巴细胞白血病首选治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "VP", "B": "小剂量阿糖胞苷", "C": "DA或HA", "D": "左旋门冬酰胺"}, "answer": "VP", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "试验研究中对照组与实验组发病率之比,为(  )。", "options": {"A": "治愈率", "B": "生存率", "C": "保护率", "D": "效果指数"}, "answer": "效果指数", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "应在孕前治疗疾病有(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋病", "B": "缺碘性甲状腺肿大", "C": "活动性结核", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项能减弱双香豆素类的抗凝血作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "阿司匹林", "B": "甲苯磺丁脲", "C": "苯巴比妥", "D": "西咪替丁"}, "answer": "苯巴比妥", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "24岁,女性,病程6年,说有人要害她,常自笑,好追求异性,有时打人摔东西,话多内容凌乱。精神检查:意识清晰,兴奋多语,思维松弛,欣快,主动接触异性,有被害妄想及非系统性妄想,活动增多而无目的性。躯体及神经系统检查未见异常。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "人格障碍", "C": "脑器质性精神障碍", "D": "躯体疾病所致精神障碍"}, "answer": "精神分裂症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "高度恶性甲状腺癌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳头状癌", "B": "滤泡癌", "C": "未分化癌", "D": "导管癌"}, "answer": "未分化癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医德修养的含义(  )。", "options": {"A": "医德修养是指做到老、学到老的一种精神", "B": "医德修养是指医务人员面壁思过,修身养性的过程", "C": "医德修养是指在医德方面勤奋学习、认真实践和涵养锻炼所达到一种医德品质", "D": "医德修养是指改造客观世界中,认真改造主观世界"}, "answer": "医德修养是指在医德方面勤奋学习、认真实践和涵养锻炼所达到一种医德品质", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症最主要的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状腺不发育或发育不全", "B": "甲状腺素合成途径酶缺陷", "C": "促甲状腺激素缺陷", "D": "甲状腺或靶器官反应性低下"}, "answer": "甲状腺不发育或发育不全", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,6个月,腹泻20余天,每日10余次,稀水样便,体重5.3kg,精神委靡,皮肤弹性极差,前囟及眼窝明显凹陷,四肢凉,血压偏低,口渴轻度,尿量极少,血钠125mmol/L,考虑诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "重度等渗脱水", "B": "中度等渗脱水", "C": "中度低渗脱水", "D": "重度低渗脱水"}, "answer": "重度低渗脱水", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,25岁。受凉后发热、咳嗽、咳痰1周,气促3天,意识模糊l小时。查体:体温39.8℃,血压80/50mmHg,口唇发绀,双肺可闻及较多湿啰音,心率115次/分,未闻及杂音,四肢冷,血常规WBC 21×109/L,N 0.90。1.该患者最可能诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺癌", "B": "急性左心衰", "C": "重症肺炎", "D": "干酪性肺炎"}, "answer": "重症肺炎", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于ATP在能量代谢中的作用,哪一项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "直接供给体内所有合成反应所需能量", "B": "ATP对氧化磷酸化的作用是调节其生成", "C": "ATP的化学能可转变为机械能、渗透能、电能及热能", "D": "能量的生成、贮存、释放和利用都以ATP为中心"}, "answer": "直接供给体内所有合成反应所需能量", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "神经衰弱的临床表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "疲劳、睡眠障碍、头痛", "B": "抑郁、轻生观念", "C": "遗忘、智力减退", "D": "呆滞、平淡、懒散"}, "answer": "疲劳、睡眠障碍、头痛", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于Ig的描述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "具有抗原性", "B": "IgM中含分泌片", "C": "Ig有κ和λ两类重链", "D": "可被胃蛋白酶水解成Fab和Fc段"}, "answer": "具有抗原性", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项为血管疾病时伴发精神障碍的主要表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "幻觉", "B": "妄想", "C": "抑郁", "D": "思维迟钝"}, "answer": "幻觉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "铁制剂治疗缺铁性贫血,哪一项是疗效指标中最早出现的?(  )", "options": {"A": "红细胞直径增大", "B": "血红蛋白上升", "C": "红细胞体积上升", "D": "网织红细胞数上升"}, "answer": "网织红细胞数上升", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,50岁。左侧慢性脓胸伴左下肺支气管扩张,左下肺不张,左下肺支气管胸膜瘘。最适宜的手术方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸廓改形术", "B": "支气管瘘缝合术", "C": "病肺切除加胸膜纤维板剥除术", "D": "左全肺切除术"}, "answer": "病肺切除加胸膜纤维板剥除术", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "三岁患儿上楼梯时,其父向上牵拉右上肢,患儿哭叫,诉肘部疼痛,不肯用左手取物,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "桡骨头骨折", "B": "桡骨头半脱位", "C": "肌肉牵拉伤", "D": "尺骨鹰嘴撕脱伤"}, "answer": "桡骨头半脱位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.震颤麻痹(  )。", "options": {"A": "用抑制胆碱能活性药物", "B": "不宜用抑制胆碱能活性药物和增强多巴胺活性的药物", "C": "用增强多巴胺活性的药物", "D": "用抑制胆碱能活性药物和增强多巴胺活性的药物"}, "answer": "用抑制胆碱能活性药物和增强多巴胺活性的药物", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一个正常小儿,其血象白细胞分类为:杆状核粒细胞1%,分叶核粒细胞35%,淋巴细胞60%,单核细胞2%,该小儿的年龄约为(  )。", "options": {"A": "生后5天", "B": "生后一天", "C": "生后1周岁", "D": "生后5周岁"}, "answer": "生后1周岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一个供精者的精子最多只能供给(  )。", "options": {"A": "8名妇女受孕", "B": "6名妇女受孕", "C": "5名妇女受孕", "D": "4名妇女受孕"}, "answer": "5名妇女受孕", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.新月体性肾小球肾炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "急进性肾炎综合征", "B": "慢性肾炎综合征", "C": "肾病综合征", "D": "尿毒症"}, "answer": "急进性肾炎综合征", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,24岁。头晕、乏力伴月经量增多1年,既往体健。查体:下肢皮肤瘀点,肝脾肋下未触及。血常规:Hb 60g/L,WBC 2.8×109/L,PLT 38×109/L,网织红细胞0.001。胸骨骨髓细胞学检查:骨髓增生活跃,未见巨核细胞。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "特发性血小板减少性紫癜", "B": "再生障碍性贫血", "C": "阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿", "D": "骨髓增生异常综合征"}, "answer": "骨髓增生异常综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "血栓闭塞性脉管炎查体的特异性体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "足背动脉搏动消失", "B": "Homans征阳性", "C": "Trendelenburg试验阳性", "D": "Buerger试验阳性"}, "answer": "Buerger试验阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "脂肪酸合成的原料乙酰CoA从线粒体转移至胞液的方式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "三羧酸循环", "B": "乳酸循环", "C": "糖醛酸循环", "D": "枸橼酸-丙酮酸循环"}, "answer": "枸橼酸-丙酮酸循环", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "新生儿生后1分钟检查,皮肤苍白,无呼吸和心跳,肌张力松弛,弹足底无反应。其Apgar评分为(  )。", "options": {"A": "0分", "B": "3分", "C": "2分", "D": "1分"}, "answer": "0分", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下肢静脉曲张行静脉造影显示静脉全程通畅呈直筒状,提示(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯性下肢静脉曲张", "B": "交通支瓣膜功能不全", "C": "下肢深静脉血栓形成后遗症", "D": "原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全"}, "answer": "原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.粒细胞缺乏症(  )。", "options": {"A": "外周血白细胞<2.0×109/L", "B": "中性粒细胞绝对值<0.5×109/L", "C": "中性粒细胞绝对值<3.0×109/L", "D": "外周血白细胞数(2.5~4.5)×109/L"}, "answer": "中性粒细胞绝对值<0.5×109/L", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列胎心电子检测结果提示胎儿缺氧的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎心出现无应激试验反应型", "B": "胎心出现晚期减速", "C": "胎心出现变异减速", "D": "胎心出现早期减速"}, "answer": "胎心出现晚期减速", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,55岁。高血压20年,不规则服药。某日晨突发头痛,意识不清,30分钟后送到医院。体检:昏迷,血压210/110mmHg,双眼向右侧凝视,左足外旋位。2.哪项辅助检查对明确诊断最有价值?(  )", "options": {"A": "腰穿检查", "B": "脑电图检查", "C": "脑超声检查", "D": "头颅CT检查"}, "answer": "头颅CT检查", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "革兰染色阳性时,细胞颜色应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "蓝紫色", "B": "黄色", "C": "蓝色", "D": "无色"}, "answer": "蓝紫色", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "8岁女孩,主因发热2周收入院。查体:T38℃,P100次/分,咽稍充血,心肺(-),双足背见二处结节性红斑,化验血沉100mm/h,ASO1257U,PPD(-)。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核感染", "B": "链球菌感染", "C": "风湿热", "D": "过敏性紫癜"}, "answer": "风湿热", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于WHO推荐的标准OGTT正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "至少空腹4小时方能进行试验", "B": "空腹血糖>7.8mmol/L不必行此试验诊断糖尿病", "C": "口服50~75g葡萄糖", "D": "所有病人需靠此试验诊断糖尿病"}, "answer": "口服50~75g葡萄糖", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "脂肪栓塞病人死亡原因常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性右心衰竭", "B": "脑出血", "C": "急性左心衰竭", "D": "心肌梗死"}, "answer": "急性右心衰竭", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "与宿主免疫系统有关的肿瘤逃逸机制有(  )。", "options": {"A": "宿主免疫功能呈低下状态", "B": "宿主体内存在一定量的“增强抗体”", "C": "宿主免疫功能耐受", "D": "以上都正确"}, "answer": "以上都正确", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "由下丘脑产生的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "泌乳素", "B": "血管紧张素", "C": "生长激素", "D": "血管加压素"}, "answer": "血管加压素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于多肽生长因子概念的叙述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主要以旁分泌和自分泌方式起作用", "B": "与特异性受体结合产生功能", "C": "具有多功能性", "D": "主要通过细胞核内受体起作用"}, "answer": "主要通过细胞核内受体起作用", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,65岁。有饮酒史25年,每天饮半斤白酒。3年来间断上腹隐痛,腹胀乏力,大便不成形,双下肢水肿,B超示:肝脏回声不均匀增强,脾大,少量腹水。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胰腺癌", "B": "酒精性肝硬化", "C": "慢性胆囊炎", "D": "食管癌"}, "answer": "酒精性肝硬化", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肱骨髁上骨折,最易损伤(  )。", "options": {"A": "肱三头肌", "B": "肱二头肌", "C": "肱动、静脉", "D": "桡神经"}, "answer": "肱动、静脉", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "青年患者入院前1小时,右肱骨中段被机器绞伤,致上臂仅后侧有宽2cm的皮肤相连,该皮肤有较重的挫伤,其余组织完全离断。2.该患者的治疗方案应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "清创后右肱骨内固定,修复损伤血管", "B": "清创术,右肱骨内固定术", "C": "断肢再植术", "D": "清创后残端缝合"}, "answer": "断肢再植术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA),对哪一种药物敏感?(  )", "options": {"A": "红霉素", "B": "林可霉素", "C": "万古霉素", "D": "青霉素"}, "answer": "万古霉素", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.Reynolds五联征常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性胆囊炎", "B": "急性胆管炎", "C": "急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎", "D": "胆管结石"}, "answer": "急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "24岁,初产妇,妊娠38周,规律宫缩7小时,血压110/70mmHg,骨盆不小,预测胎儿体重为2800g,枕左前位,胎心良,肛诊宫口开大4cm,S=0。本例正确处置应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "不许干涉产程进展", "B": "静脉滴注25%硫酸镁16ml", "C": "静脉滴注宫缩素", "D": "静脉推注地西泮10mg"}, "answer": "不许干涉产程进展", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,55岁。反复活动时胸痛,快步行走及上楼梯可诱发,休息可缓解。冠状动脉造影见前降支阻塞80%,血管病变的始动环节是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内皮下钙质沉积", "B": "内皮下纤维沉积", "C": "内皮细胞受损及功能失调", "D": "内皮下脂质沉积"}, "answer": "内皮细胞受损及功能失调", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肺的有效通气是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺活量", "B": "肺泡通气量", "C": "补吸气量", "D": "无效腔气量"}, "answer": "肺泡通气量", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不是肠外营养本身引起的并发症的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆囊结石", "B": "肝酶谱升高", "C": "导管性脓毒症", "D": "肠源性感染"}, "answer": "导管性脓毒症", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,29岁,低热,酱油色尿2个月。查体:巩膜黄染,贫血面容,肝脾不肿大。血红蛋白73g/L,血小板100×109/L,白细胞4.4×109/L,网织红细胞计数0.15,尿隐血阴性。4.除以上治疗外还可进行的治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "同种异基因骨髓移植或干细胞移植", "B": "放疗+化疗", "C": "放疗", "D": "放血疗法"}, "answer": "同种异基因骨髓移植或干细胞移植", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,35岁。反复上腹痛、反酸6年。进食后加重,空腹减轻。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃溃疡", "B": "十二指肠球部溃疡", "C": "胃癌", "D": "胃黏膜脱垂"}, "answer": "胃溃疡", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,67岁,感染性休克24小时,测动脉血气分析示:pH 7.30,PaCO2 5.3kPa(40mmHg),PaO2 10.6kPa(80mmHg),BE-3mmol/L,HCO3-13mmol/L。其存在的酸碱紊乱类型为(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸性碱中毒", "B": "呼吸性碱中毒合并代谢性酸中毒", "C": "失代偿性代谢性酸中毒", "D": "代谢性碱中毒"}, "answer": "失代偿性代谢性酸中毒", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "与急性肾小球肾炎有关的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "B": "大肠埃希菌", "C": "β-溶血性链球菌", "D": "绿脓杆菌"}, "answer": "β-溶血性链球菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对疑有腹腔内空腔脏器破裂的腹部闭合性损伤患者,在观察期内处理错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使用广谱抗生素", "B": "注射止痛剂", "C": "禁饮食", "D": "补充血容量"}, "answer": "注射止痛剂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿补充继续丢失,所选液体的张力为(  )。", "options": {"A": "1/3张", "B": "1/2张", "C": "2/3张", "D": "3/5张"}, "answer": "1/3张", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,25岁,发热,牙龈出血,皮肤瘀斑5天,胸骨压痛明显,肝脾肋下触及。血红蛋白70g/L,白细胞50×109/L,血小板20×109/L,骨髓:原始细胞0.90,POX(-),PAS阳性呈粗颗柱状,非特异性酯酶阴性,血清溶菌酶正常,诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性粒细胞白细胞", "B": "急性早幼粒细胞白血病", "C": "急性单核细胞白血病", "D": "急性淋巴细胞白血病"}, "answer": "急性淋巴细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,40岁,讲话缓慢,走路时两腿分开,向两侧摇摆,睁、闭眼站立均有倾倒现象,病变可能位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "小脑", "B": "脊髓后索", "C": "前庭系统", "D": "内囊"}, "answer": "小脑", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项为临终关怀的主旨?(  )", "options": {"A": "挽救生命", "B": "拖延死亡", "C": "安宁照护", "D": "恢复健康"}, "answer": "安宁照护", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.能黏附于肠道黏膜的致病物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ST(耐热肠毒素)", "B": "SLT(志贺样毒素)", "C": "CFA(定居因子)", "D": "LPS(脂多糖)"}, "answer": "CFA(定居因子)", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,1岁,不会走,不会叫爸爸、妈妈。查体:眼距宽,鼻梁宽平,唇厚,舌大,反应差,皮肤粗糙,脐疝。为确诊,应做哪一项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "染色体检查", "B": "X线腕骨片", "C": "GH测定", "D": "T3、T4、TSH"}, "answer": "T3、T4、TSH", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "癫痫持续状态必须是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全面强直—阵挛发作频繁发生,持续24小时", "B": "局部抽搐持续数小时或数日", "C": "发作自一处开始,按大脑皮质运动区逐渐扩展", "D": "全面强直—阵挛发作频繁发生,伴意识持续不清"}, "answer": "全面强直—阵挛发作频繁发生,伴意识持续不清", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一般在移植的数天或数月后发生,主要由细胞免疫反应引起,移植物的主要病理变化是实质细胞的坏死。这种移植排斥反应的类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "超急排斥", "B": "急性排斥", "C": "慢性排斥", "D": "GVHR"}, "answer": "急性排斥", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.属于Tl-Ag的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素", "B": "ABO血型物质", "C": "脂多糖", "D": "BSA"}, "answer": "脂多糖", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "存在于抗原分子表面的,决定抗原特异性的特殊的化学基团称之为(  )。", "options": {"A": "表位", "B": "异嗜性抗原", "C": "抗原结合价", "D": "Forssman抗原"}, "answer": "表位", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是化脓性脑膜炎最常见的后遗症?(  )", "options": {"A": "硬脑膜下积液", "B": "抗利尿激素分泌异常综合征", "C": "脑积水", "D": "心力衰竭"}, "answer": "硬脑膜下积液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者女性,38岁,乘车时右腿放在左腿上,突然刹车时右膝受到撞击致右髋疼痛不能活动,4小时后来医院就诊,查体见患肢短缩,右髋屈曲、内收、内旋畸形。4.该病人复位固定4周后,扶双拐下地活动,需多长时间后才能完全承重(  )。", "options": {"A": "1周后", "B": "2周后", "C": "3个月后", "D": "4个月后"}, "answer": "3个月后", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,25岁,妊娠6周,因寒战、高热、大汗,在当地医院诊断为恶性疟疾,应选用哪一种治疗方案(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯喹口服", "B": "奎宁+伯氨喹", "C": "奎宁口服", "D": "乙胺嘧啶"}, "answer": "氯喹口服", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某蛋白分子具有下列特点:①为三聚体(α、β、γ);②有激活型和抑制型两种;③α-GTP为其活化形式;④具有潜在的GTP酶活性。该蛋白最有可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "属于CaM", "B": "属于PKA", "C": "活化后调节AC活性", "D": "活化后调节PKC活性"}, "answer": "活化后调节AC活性", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,40岁。咳嗽2周,心前区锐痛2天,深呼吸时加重,放射到颈部。查体:胸部无压痛。心界不大,胸骨左缘第3、4肋间可闻及抓刮样粗糙音,屏气后仍存在。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性心包炎", "B": "急性肋软骨炎", "C": "急性心肌梗死", "D": "急性心肌炎"}, "answer": "急性心包炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不符合单纯性高热惊厥的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "6个月~3岁小儿", "B": "惊厥呈部分性发作", "C": "体温>38.5℃", "D": "一般只有一次惊厥"}, "answer": "惊厥呈部分性发作", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小细胞低色素性贫血可见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "缺铁性贫血", "B": "巨幼细胞性贫血", "C": "骨髓增生异常综合征", "D": "再障"}, "answer": "缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.无偿献血的最终目的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "将血液应用于临床,以挽救伤病者的生命,维护其健康", "B": "血站应当为献血者提供各种安全、卫生、便利的条件", "C": "血站应当为献血者提供整洁、安静、美观的环境", "D": "免费进行必要的健康检查"}, "answer": "将血液应用于临床,以挽救伤病者的生命,维护其健康", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "治疗大肠杆菌脑膜炎首选的抗生素为(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素+氯霉素", "B": "氨苄西林+庆大霉素", "C": "红霉素+庆大霉素", "D": "青霉素+庆大霉素"}, "answer": "氨苄西林+庆大霉素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,35岁。会阴部骑跨伤,受伤后尿道外口滴血,伴尿时疼痛加重,会阴部和阴囊处轻度肿胀,瘀斑。2.首选的处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯血肿清除", "B": "膀胱造瘘", "C": "试插导尿管引流尿液+抗感染治疗", "D": "尿道断端吻合"}, "answer": "试插导尿管引流尿液+抗感染治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一腹泻婴儿,体重6kg,中度脱水,血清钠135mmol/L,第一天补液总量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "900~1000ml", "B": "720~900ml", "C": "600~720ml", "D": "1000~1200ml"}, "answer": "720~900ml", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "反式作用因子的确切定义是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "调控任意基因转录的某一基因编码蛋白质", "B": "调控另一基因转录的某一基因编码蛋白质", "C": "具有转录调节功能的各种蛋白质因子", "D": "具有翻译调节功能的各种蛋白质因子"}, "answer": "调控另一基因转录的某一基因编码蛋白质", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,20岁。自幼咳嗽,经常于感冒后加重,咳大量脓痰,无咯血,考虑诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性支气管炎", "B": "慢性肺脓肿", "C": "支气管扩张症", "D": "先天性支气管囊肿"}, "answer": "支气管扩张症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "伤寒小结的主要组成细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "类上皮细胞", "B": "巨噬细胞", "C": "多核巨细胞", "D": "浆细胞"}, "answer": "巨噬细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.属于缺陷病毒的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HAV", "B": "HBV", "C": "HDV", "D": "HEV"}, "answer": "HDV", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,36岁。肺结核患者,肺内有空洞性病变。下列最符合其X线表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上叶尖后段空洞,壁光整,周围有卫星灶", "B": "下叶空洞周围大片炎性浸润", "C": "厚壁空洞、偏心", "D": "厚壁空洞伴有液平面"}, "answer": "上叶尖后段空洞,壁光整,周围有卫星灶", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "门脉性肝硬化并伴有上消化道出血时,下列哪项可诱发肝性脑病?(  )", "options": {"A": "口服去甲肾上腺素", "B": "肥皂水灌肠清除积血", "C": "硫酸镁导泻", "D": "静脉输入止血芳酸"}, "answer": "肥皂水灌肠清除积血", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,3岁,发热半月余,咳嗽、乏力、消瘦、盗汗。查体发现双肺呼吸音粗,X线检查提示为原发综合征,“OT”试验“+++”。3.该患儿应用异烟肼的疗程是(  )。", "options": {"A": "6~9个月", "B": "9~12个月", "C": "12~18个月", "D": "18~24个月"}, "answer": "12~18个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,男,出生后表现持续性鹅口疮,9个月后因真菌性肺炎死亡。尸检发现其胸腺发育不全。此患儿发生持续感染的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吞噬细胞缺陷", "B": "细胞免疫缺陷", "C": "体液免疫缺陷", "D": "继发性免疫缺陷"}, "answer": "细胞免疫缺陷", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "出现无痛性肉眼血尿的患者,拟诊为膀胱肿瘤,最可靠的确诊方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "排泄性尿路造影", "B": "CT", "C": "MRI", "D": "膀胱镜检+活组织检查"}, "answer": "膀胱镜检+活组织检查", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,48岁,2年来常突然头痛、头晕、出汗、呼吸困难,发作时血压200/120mmHg,均于2小时后症状自行消失、血压恢复正常,考虑最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压病", "B": "嗜铬细胞瘤", "C": "皮质醇增多症", "D": "肾动脉狭窄"}, "answer": "嗜铬细胞瘤", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.12岁小儿中点位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "身长的中点在脐上", "B": "身长的中点在脐下", "C": "身长的中点在耻骨联合上缘", "D": "身长的中点在耻骨联合下缘"}, "answer": "身长的中点在耻骨联合上缘", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,33岁。间歇性吞咽困难4年,X线钡餐检查显示食管下端呈鸟嘴样狭窄,何种疾病可能性最大?(  )", "options": {"A": "食管下段癌", "B": "贲门失弛缓症", "C": "贲门癌", "D": "食管平滑肌瘤"}, "answer": "贲门失弛缓症", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,45岁,诊断为巨大结节性甲状腺肿,在颈丛麻醉下行一侧甲状腺全切、另一侧甲状腺大部切除术,术后第2天突然发生窒息,面肌和手足持续性痉挛。2.下一步的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抽血查血清钙、磷浓度", "B": "抽血进行血气分析", "C": "抽血查血糖", "D": "抽血查肝功能"}, "answer": "抽血查血清钙、磷浓度", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "判断慢性胃炎有无活动的病理学依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "浆细胞浸润", "B": "淋巴细胞浸润", "C": "淋巴滤泡形成", "D": "中性粒细胞浸润"}, "answer": "中性粒细胞浸润", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,64岁。因阵发性胸闷9年,持续胸痛7小时收入院。入院时血压为150/90mmHg,诊断急性前壁心肌梗死。4.住院第3天患者出现胸闷、大汗、面色苍白,体检心率136次/分,律齐,双肺未闻及干、湿性啰音,血压90/60mmHg,考虑合并心源性休克。此时不宜使用(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动脉内气囊反搏术", "B": "静注速尿", "C": "静滴多巴胺", "D": "静滴多巴酚丁胺"}, "answer": "静注速尿", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男性,出生时Apgar评分4分,生后2天,嗜睡,肌张力减退,瞳孔缩小,时而出现惊厥,头颅CT扫描可见右叶有低密度影。2.应首选什么药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "水合氯醛灌肠", "B": "甘露醇", "C": "苯巴比妥钠", "D": "利尿剂"}, "answer": "苯巴比妥钠", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "胃酸分泌增多较明显的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "十二指肠溃疡", "B": "慢性萎缩性胃炎", "C": "反流性食管炎", "D": "胃癌"}, "answer": "十二指肠溃疡", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "引起急性上呼吸道感染的主要病原体为(  )。", "options": {"A": "真菌", "B": "病毒", "C": "原虫", "D": "螺旋体"}, "answer": "病毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "左上睑下垂,左眼内收及上下视受限,左瞳孔散大,直接、间接对光反射均消失,病变部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "视神经", "B": "动眼神经", "C": "三叉神经", "D": "滑车神经"}, "answer": "动眼神经", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男性,65岁,陈旧性广泛前壁心肌梗死7年,活动后胸闷,心悸、气短2年,近1周出现夜间阵发性呼吸困难。体检:端坐呼吸,BP 160/90mmHg,P 120/min。P2亢进,心脏各瓣膜区未闻及杂音;双肺底可闻及细湿啰音,双肺散在哮鸣音;腹平软,肝脾肋下未触及,双下肢无水肿。空腹血糖4.2mmol/L。心电图:V1~V6导联ST段压低0.05~0.1mV。血清肌钙蛋白I正常。5.住院期间测餐后血糖3次,餐后2h血糖为14.0~16.0mmol/L,其降压药物宜首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "血管紧张素转化酶抑制药", "B": "利尿药", "C": "α受体阻滞药", "D": "钙通道阻滞药"}, "answer": "血管紧张素转化酶抑制药", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "外伤后髋关节屈曲、内收、内旋畸形,可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "髋关节中心脱位", "B": "骨干骨折", "C": "髋关节后脱位", "D": "股骨颈骨折"}, "answer": "髋关节后脱位", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "人工减小细胞浸浴液中的Na+浓度,所记录的动作电位出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "幅度变小", "B": "时程缩短", "C": "幅度变大", "D": "复极相延长"}, "answer": "幅度变小", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,64岁,右膝疼痛10年,加重半年。查体:右膝肿胀,屈曲内翻畸形。X线片见右膝关节间隙严重狭窄,关节边缘大量骨赘形成。最佳治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "制动和理疗", "B": "人工关节置换术", "C": "口服非甾体抗炎药", "D": "滑膜切除术"}, "answer": "人工关节置换术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "27岁,初孕妇,既往风湿性心脏病、二尖瓣狭窄病史8年。平时不用药,登三搂无明显不适。孕5个月起活动时常有轻度心慌、气促。现孕38周,因心悸、咳嗽、夜间不能平卧、心功能Ⅲ级而急诊入院。在制订治疗计划时,最恰当的方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纠正心功能,等待自然临产", "B": "积极控制心力衰竭,同时行剖宫产术", "C": "积极控制心力衰竭,同时行引产术", "D": "积极控制心力衰竭后终止妊娠"}, "answer": "积极控制心力衰竭,同时行剖宫产术", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项为医学心理学的实验研究方法的主要特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "只在实验室中完成", "B": "只以人为研究对象", "C": "只记录生物学指标", "D": "只在有目的的一定条件下进行"}, "answer": "只在有目的的一定条件下进行", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "治疗心室停顿的首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "利多卡因", "B": "多巴酚丁胺", "C": "肌苷", "D": "肾上腺素"}, "answer": "肾上腺素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4岁女孩,已明确诊断为法洛四联症。5天来发热伴腹泻,1天来头痛,惊厥2次,右侧肢体不能活动。最可能的诊断是:法洛四联症并发(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑血栓", "B": "脑出血", "C": "癫痫", "D": "中毒性脑病"}, "answer": "脑血栓", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下肢浅静脉曲张最主要的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "盆腔内占位病变", "B": "长时间站立活动", "C": "静脉壁薄弱", "D": "妊娠后期子宫压迫"}, "answer": "长时间站立活动", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.足月儿生后1小时后呼吸频率约是(  )。", "options": {"A": "110次/分", "B": "90次/分", "C": "70次/分", "D": "50次/分"}, "answer": "50次/分", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,38岁,间歇性浮肿10余年,伴恶心、呕吐1周。血压155/110mmHg。血常规Hb 80g/L。尿常规:尿蛋白(++),颗粒管型2~3个/HP。血Cr 485μmol/L。2.为了判断上述患者是否为慢性肾功能不全应首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾穿刺", "B": "肾脏CT", "C": "肾脏MRI", "D": "肾脏B超"}, "answer": "肾脏B超", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.可传递抑制信号的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "KIR", "B": "KAR", "C": "TCR", "D": "MBL"}, "answer": "KIR", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,40岁,反复手关节痛l年,曾诊断为类风湿关节炎,间断使用理疗和非甾体抗炎药,症状有缓解。近月来低热,关节痛加重,肘后出现多个皮下结节,检查发现ESR 40mm/h,心脏彩超发现小量心包积液,考虑为类风湿关节炎活动。2.最适宜的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "维持原治疗方案", "B": "加用青霉素", "C": "选用慢作用抗风湿药", "D": "应用皮质激素加慢作用抗风湿药"}, "answer": "应用皮质激素加慢作用抗风湿药", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小脑幕切迹疝最有意义的临床定位体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "患侧肢体活动减少或消失", "B": "患侧瞳孔散大", "C": "对侧肢体腱反射亢进", "D": "患侧下肢病理反射阳性"}, "answer": "患侧瞳孔散大", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.5岁小儿结核菌素试验72小时观察红肿硬结直径为7mm,接种过卡介苗,主要考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "假阳性反应", "B": "曾有结核感染", "C": "非典型分枝杆菌感染", "D": "接种卡介苗后反应"}, "answer": "接种卡介苗后反应", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男孩,1.5岁,已发热、咳嗽1周,近3天气促、喘息加重。查体:面色苍白,烦躁,双肺听诊闻及中小水泡音。病史中曾有过皮肤脓疱疹。血象:白细胞19×109/L,分叶粒细胞占0.9,淋巴细胞占0.1。3.该患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "B": "呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎", "C": "肺炎链球菌肺炎", "D": "支原体肺炎"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "凝血酶原时间(PT)延长见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤维蛋白原降低", "B": "凝血酶原降低", "C": "凝血因子Ⅲ降低", "D": "凝血因子Ⅷ降低"}, "answer": "纤维蛋白原降低", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,39岁,发作时先觉上腹部不适,并有咀嚼、呆视,喃喃自语,走动,似看见什么东西,呼唤无反应,持续约3分钟,事后不能回忆。发作类型属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "强直-阵挛性发作", "B": "失神发作", "C": "复杂部分性发作", "D": "单纯部分性发作"}, "answer": "复杂部分性发作", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "早期胃癌的概念是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肿块直径在2cm以下", "B": "只限于粘膜层", "C": "未侵及肌层", "D": "无淋巴结转移"}, "answer": "未侵及肌层", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某新生儿出生3日被确诊为细菌性脑膜炎,下列哪一种是常见的致病菌?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑膜炎球菌", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "C": "肺炎球菌", "D": "B群链球菌"}, "answer": "脑膜炎球菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,36岁,心悸、怕热、多汗3个多月,体重下降5kg。查体:无突眼,双手细颤,甲状腺Ⅱ°大,可闻血管杂音,心率108/分,结合实验室检查确诊为Graves病甲亢。白细胞3.0×109/L,肝功能ALT 46μmol/L,AST 36μmol/L。患者能否用核素131I治疗的关键检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝功能", "B": "血白细胞计数", "C": "抗甲状腺抗体水平", "D": "甲状腺131I摄取率"}, "answer": "甲状腺131I摄取率", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不属于癌前病变的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溃疡性结肠炎", "B": "十二指肠溃疡", "C": "乳腺导管上皮乳头状瘤样增生", "D": "家族性腺瘤性肠息肉病"}, "answer": "十二指肠溃疡", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "幼儿急疹的临床特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热1~2天出疹", "B": "热退后全身出疹", "C": "皮疹常有融合", "D": "疹退后皮肤留有棕色色素沉着"}, "answer": "热退后全身出疹", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.克雷伯杆菌引起的尿路感染。清洁中段尿培养,有临床诊断意义的最低菌落计数为(  )。", "options": {"A": "<1000/ml", "B": "1000/ml", "C": "5×104/ml", "D": "105/ml"}, "answer": "105/ml", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,31岁。产后5个月,哺乳期,阴道不规则流血半月余,胸闷咳嗽10天。妇科检查:宫颈前唇有一个2cm×1cm×1cm的紫蓝色结节,子宫如50天妊娠大小,质软,无压痛。双侧附件区各触及囊性包块,均约6cm×5cm×5cm大小,表面光滑。胸X线片示双肺中下部多发棉絮状阴影。2.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "侵蚀性葡萄胎", "B": "肺癌", "C": "绒癌", "D": "卵巢肿瘤"}, "answer": "绒癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "5.白色念珠菌肠炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "粪便色黄或暗绿,有腥臭味", "B": "便次较多,发育不受影响", "C": "黏液脓血便,常伴有发热", "D": "便泡沫多,含黏液,豆渣样"}, "answer": "便泡沫多,含黏液,豆渣样", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项不属于氨基糖苷类药物的不良反应?(  )", "options": {"A": "变态反应", "B": "神经肌肉阻断作用", "C": "肾毒性", "D": "骨髓抑制"}, "answer": "骨髓抑制", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,22岁,突发腹痛12小时。腹痛呈持续性,先以脐部为主,后固定于右下腹,逐渐加重,伴恶心,无呕吐。查体:T 37.5℃,P 10次/分,R 22次/分,BP 110/70mmHg。痛苦面容,双肺未闻及啰音,心律齐。腹软,右下腹压痛,无反跳痛,Murphy征阴性,肝脾肋下未触及,肠鸣音减弱。血常规:Hb 120g/L,WBC 13×109/L,N 0.85,PLT 200×109/L。拟行手术治疗。1.如腰大肌试验阳性,则术中阑尾最可能的位置是(  )。", "options": {"A": "盆位", "B": "回肠前位", "C": "盲肠后位", "D": "盲肠下位"}, "answer": "盲肠后位", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.G蛋白游离的α亚基-GTP(  )。", "options": {"A": "使α-亚基与效应蛋白解离", "B": "具蛋白激酶A活性", "C": "具酪氨酸蛋白激酶活性", "D": "可激活腺苷酸环化酶"}, "answer": "可激活腺苷酸环化酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述情形中属于医疗事故的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "由于病情突然变化而发生意外", "B": "诊疗护理过失,虽未造成死亡、残废、功能障碍,但对健康造成一定损害,延长了治疗时间", "C": "对解剖关系辨不清,误伤临近重要器官,造成功能障碍", "D": "发生难以预料的并发症"}, "answer": "对解剖关系辨不清,误伤临近重要器官,造成功能障碍", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.轻度支气管哮喘发作早期的血气变化为(  )。", "options": {"A": "PaO2正常、PaCO2降低", "B": "PaO2升高", "C": "PaO2降低、PaCO2升高", "D": "以上均不正确"}, "answer": "PaO2正常、PaCO2降低", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于宫颈黏液结晶,以下哪项错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "闭经患者持续出现羊齿状结晶,说明孕激素过高", "B": "周期第22天羊齿状结晶消失,逐渐变为椭圆体", "C": "多次检查结晶不典型或无结晶,说明雌激素过低", "D": "可用于无排卵或不孕症的辅助诊断"}, "answer": "闭经患者持续出现羊齿状结晶,说明孕激素过高", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "与宫颈癌的发生有关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人乳头瘤状病毒", "B": "巨细胞病毒", "C": "狂犬病病毒", "D": "柯萨奇病毒"}, "answer": "人乳头瘤状病毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "完成瘢痕修复的物质基础是(  )。", "options": {"A": "上皮细胞", "B": "肉芽组织", "C": "毛细血管网", "D": "炎性渗出物"}, "answer": "肉芽组织", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)不易传播的途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "性传播", "B": "器官移植", "C": "生活接触", "D": "不洁注射"}, "answer": "生活接触", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,28岁。停经43d,阴道少量出血2d,突感下腹部剧痛,伴肛门坠胀,恶心、呕吐。查体:面色苍白,BP 80/40mmHg后穹窿穿刺抽出不凝血5ml,诊为异位妊娠,出血性休克。最佳处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纠正休克同时手术", "B": "待血压正常手术", "C": "自体输血", "D": "非手术治疗"}, "answer": "纠正休克同时手术", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在治疗肱骨髁上骨折时,最应防止出现的畸形是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肘外翻畸形", "B": "肘内翻畸形", "C": "向前成角畸形", "D": "旋转畸形"}, "answer": "肘内翻畸形", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肠易激综合征患者典型的腹痛特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "具有季节性发作的特点", "B": "没有规律", "C": "便前疼痛,便后缓解", "D": "饭前疼痛,饭后缓解"}, "answer": "便前疼痛,便后缓解", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "哪项是碳酸氢钠处理糖尿病酮症酸中毒的指征?(  )", "options": {"A": "pH<7.3", "B": "治疗酸中毒的起初2小时", "C": "出现心律紊乱", "D": "血pH<7.1"}, "answer": "血pH<7.1", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "缺铁性贫血最可靠的诊断依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "网织红细胞减少", "B": "骨髓中铁粒幼红细胞减少", "C": "血清铁蛋白降低", "D": "骨髓象和红细胞系增生低下"}, "answer": "血清铁蛋白降低", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于地西泮的叙述,哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "口服治疗量对呼吸和循环影响小", "B": "肌内注射吸收慢而不规则", "C": "较大剂量易引起全身麻醉", "D": "其代谢产物也有生物活性"}, "answer": "较大剂量易引起全身麻醉", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,20岁。活动后胸闷,气短2天。3周前曾咳嗽.持续发热1周。既往体健。查体:面色苍白、双肺呼吸音清。心界向左下扩大,心率120次/min,频发早搏,第一心音减弱,P2>A2,心尖区可闻见2/6级收缩期杂音。实验室检查:血肌钙蛋白增高。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒性心肌炎", "B": "急性肺栓塞", "C": "慢性心力衰竭", "D": "感染性心内膜炎"}, "answer": "病毒性心肌炎", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,31岁,右侧甲状腺单发结节3个月,生长较快,近一周出现声音嘶哑,ECT检查显示右侧甲状腺“冷结节”。4.如穿刺结果显示结节为未分化癌,通常选择的治疗方案为(  )。", "options": {"A": "切除右侧甲状腺、峡部、左侧腺体大部+右侧颈部淋巴结清扫", "B": "切除右侧甲状腺、峡部、左侧腺体大部+右侧颈部淋巴结清扫", "C": "放射性碘内照射", "D": "外放射治疗"}, "answer": "外放射治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有一名枕骨大孔疝病人,其诊断要点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "四肢共济障碍", "B": "昏迷,患侧瞳孔散大,对侧肢体偏瘫", "C": "四肢瘫痪", "D": "呼吸功能障碍早于意识障碍"}, "answer": "呼吸功能障碍早于意识障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.转运游离脂肪酸的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫球蛋白", "B": "肌红蛋白", "C": "铜蓝蛋白", "D": "清蛋白"}, "answer": "清蛋白", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.过氧化物酶染色强阳性(  )。", "options": {"A": "急非淋M3", "B": "急淋", "C": "急非淋M5", "D": "慢粒"}, "answer": "急淋", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪一项不是构成抗原的条件?(  )", "options": {"A": "异物性", "B": "大分子物质", "C": "有一定的化学组成和结构", "D": "必须与载体相结合"}, "answer": "必须与载体相结合", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2岁男孩,诊断为化脓性脑膜炎,经抗生素治疗仍高热不退,反复惊厥,呼吸节律不整,前囟隆起,张力明显增高。以下处理不妥的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "物理降温", "B": "立即腰穿放脑脊液", "C": "安定缓慢静注止惊", "D": "甘露醇静推"}, "answer": "立即腰穿放脑脊液", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.喹诺酮类(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制细菌细胞壁合成", "B": "抑制细菌DNA依赖的RNA聚合酶", "C": "抑制细菌二氢叶酸还原酶", "D": "抑制细菌DNA合成"}, "answer": "抑制细菌DNA合成", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不符合急性单纯性阑尾炎表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "均有局部腹肌紧张", "B": "有低热表现", "C": "白细胞计数轻度升高", "D": "右下腹局限性压痛"}, "answer": "均有局部腹肌紧张", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,53岁,胃溃疡病史7年,近半月来症状加重,1小时前突发穿孔,且全腹症状逐渐加重,最佳治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "非手术治疗", "B": "穿孔修补术", "C": "常规胃大部分切除术", "D": "全胃切除术"}, "answer": "常规胃大部分切除术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "原发性肾小球疾病的临床分类不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "无症状性血尿或(和)蛋白尿", "B": "肾病综合征", "C": "急进性肾小球肾炎", "D": "肾盂肾炎"}, "answer": "肾盂肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.甲状腺功能亢进所致精神障碍,最常见的症状为(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑郁", "B": "焦虑", "C": "精神运动性兴奋", "D": "谵妄"}, "answer": "精神运动性兴奋", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "病例对照研究中,选择偏倚不包括下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "回忆偏倚", "B": "检出症候偏倚", "C": "无应答偏倚", "D": "错误分类偏倚"}, "answer": "回忆偏倚", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.刺激引起兴奋的基本条件是使跨膜电位达到(  )。", "options": {"A": "峰电位", "B": "阈电位", "C": "局部电位", "D": "突触后电位"}, "answer": "阈电位", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列各项中不属于急性血吸虫病临床表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热", "B": "过敏", "C": "腹水", "D": "腹痛、腹泻"}, "answer": "腹水", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1岁小孩,发热15天,咳嗽伴轻度喘憋。查体:浅表淋巴结有轻度肿大,双肺未闻及啰音,此患儿已接种卡介苗,PPD试验(+++)。首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心电图", "B": "淋巴结活检", "C": "胸部CT检查", "D": "胸部X线检查"}, "answer": "胸部X线检查", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项不是肾病性水肿的机制?(  )", "options": {"A": "血浆胶体渗透压下降", "B": "肾小管重吸收增加", "C": "肾小球滤过率下降", "D": "抗利尿激素分泌增加"}, "answer": "肾小球滤过率下降", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于股骨颈骨折Garden分型错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅰ型,不完全骨折", "B": "Ⅱ型,完全骨折无移位", "C": "Ⅳ型,完全骨折完全移位", "D": "Ⅴ型,骨折脱位"}, "answer": "Ⅴ型,骨折脱位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项指标用于分析比较不同身材个体心功能?(  )", "options": {"A": "射血分数", "B": "心指数", "C": "每分输出量", "D": "心脏做功"}, "answer": "心指数", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "原发性肝癌最理想的肿瘤标记物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "AFP", "B": "CA199", "C": "CA125", "D": "CEA"}, "answer": "AFP", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "个体为维持自己生存和种族延续适应不断变化的复杂环境所做出的各种反应称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "应激", "B": "行为", "C": "动机", "D": "需要"}, "answer": "行为", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.Codman三角见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨结核", "B": "骨肉瘤", "C": "骨坏死", "D": "骨软骨瘤"}, "answer": "骨肉瘤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,19岁。2个月前,因急性脓胸经多次胸腔穿刺抽脓及抗菌治疗后,仍有低热,消瘦,胸部X线片右胸仍可见有包裹性脓腔,入院后行胸腔闭式引流术,每日引流脓液40~50ml,胸片及胸部CT显示右下胸部有一10cm×6cm残腔,壁厚约2mm,未见钙化,肺内未见病变,进一步治疗应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "继续改进胸腔引流", "B": "将闭式引流改为开放引流", "C": "胸膜纤维板剥除术", "D": "胸膜肺切除术"}, "answer": "胸膜纤维板剥除术", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "IgE与细胞表面FcεR结合的部位(  )。", "options": {"A": "CH4", "B": "CH2", "C": "CHl", "D": "VH"}, "answer": "CH4", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,24岁。左腕部切割伤12小时,伤及桡神经。其临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "拇、示、中指不能屈曲", "B": "不能屈腕", "C": "手背虎口区域麻木", "D": "手掌桡侧感觉减弱"}, "answer": "手背虎口区域麻木", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "苯丙酮尿症主要的神经系统危害是(  )。", "options": {"A": "智能发育落后", "B": "肌痉挛", "C": "癫痫小发作", "D": "行为落后"}, "answer": "智能发育落后", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,52岁,近2个月来大便次数增多,有肛门坠胀感及里急后重,大便变细,常有黏液血便,经抗生素治疗症状可缓解,但不久又复发,且呈进行性加重。首先应进行的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直肠指诊", "B": "钡灌肠检查", "C": "直(乙状结)肠镜检", "D": "B超检查"}, "answer": "直肠指诊", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.恶性高血压(  )。", "options": {"A": "患者血压明显升高。体检:血压200/130mmHg(26.6/16.9kPa),眼底出血渗出、视盘水肿。实验室报告:肾功能不全", "B": "患者血压明显升高,伴有剧烈头痛、呕吐、抽搐", "C": "患者平日有心悸、胸痛,劳力时气促,起立或运动时眩晕。体检:胸骨左缘第3~4肋间可闻及较粗糙的喷射性收缩期杂音,屏气时杂音增强", "D": "患者一周前出现发热、全身无力,现自觉心悸、胸闷。体检:心率120次/分,偶闻室性期前收缩,实验室回报CPK、AST、LDH增高"}, "answer": "患者血压明显升高。体检:血压200/130mmHg(26.6/16.9kPa),眼底出血渗出、视盘水肿。实验室报告:肾功能不全", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男孩,1.5岁,已发热、咳嗽1周,近3天气促、喘息加重。查体:面色苍白,烦躁,双肺听诊闻及中小水泡音。病史中曾有过皮肤脓疱疹。血象:白细胞19×109/L,分叶粒细胞占0.9,淋巴细胞占0.1。1.该患儿下列哪一项治疗不当?(  )", "options": {"A": "用敏感抗生素", "B": "吸氧", "C": "保持呼吸道通畅", "D": "静脉滴注氢化可的松"}, "answer": "静脉滴注氢化可的松", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "临床上最常见具有诊断意义的幻觉是(  )。", "options": {"A": "言语性幻听", "B": "幻视", "C": "幻嗅", "D": "幻味"}, "answer": "言语性幻听", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "早期急性骨髓炎与软组织感染鉴别,下列哪项无意义?(  )", "options": {"A": "急性骨髓炎全身毒血症状严重", "B": "急性骨髓炎疼痛剧烈但压痛深在,表面红肿不明显", "C": "X线平片", "D": "分层穿刺"}, "answer": "X线平片", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,30岁,农民。既往体健。7月2日来诊,腹泻2天,为水样便带少量黏液,量多,日十余次,相继呕吐数次。无发热、无腹痛。腓肠肌痉挛。体检:体温36.8℃,神志清,皮肤弹性差,脉细速,血压70/30mmHg。化验检查:大便镜检白细胞0~2个/HP,血红蛋白160g/L,血白细胞计数12×109/L,中性粒细胞0.78,淋巴细胞0.12,单核细胞0.10。2.治疗的关键环节是(  )。", "options": {"A": "补充液体和电解质", "B": "抗病毒治疗", "C": "低分子右旋糖酐扩容", "D": "选升压药,纠正低血压"}, "answer": "补充液体和电解质", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "甲型病毒性肝炎的主要传播途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体液传播", "B": "密切接触传播", "C": "粪-口途径传播", "D": "母婴传播"}, "answer": "粪-口途径传播", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "再障最理想的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "雄激素", "B": "同卵孪生子骨髓移植", "C": "碳酸锂", "D": "皮质激素"}, "answer": "同卵孪生子骨髓移植", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2岁女、发热、咳嗽、气促1周。查体:精神不振,面色苍白,呼吸困难,皮肤可见荨麻疹样皮疹,双肺可闻及细湿啰音。X线检查显示多发性小脓肿,易变。诊断最可能性是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎支原体肺炎", "B": "革兰阴性杆菌肺炎", "C": "腺病毒肺炎", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "婴儿腹泻经第1天补液后脱水症状改善,第2天后的处理应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服补液,恢复正常饮食", "B": "停止补液,恢复正常饮食", "C": "补充异常的继续损失+生理需要量", "D": "仅补生理需要量+钾盐"}, "answer": "补充异常的继续损失+生理需要量", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,70岁。重度吸烟史。家属发现患者呼之不应,半小时急送医院。有COPD病史30余年。查体:血压150/50mmHg,浅昏迷状,球结膜水肿。双肺可闻及干、湿啰音,A2<P2。下肢水肿。为明确诊断首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉血气分析", "B": "心脏超声", "C": "动态心电图", "D": "PET"}, "answer": "动脉血气分析", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.卵磷脂中含有(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆碱", "B": "乙醇胺", "C": "磷脂酰甘油", "D": "肌醇"}, "answer": "胆碱", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,86岁,体检发现巨脾,WBC150×109/L,以中晚幼粒及嗜酸、嗜碱性粒细胞增多为主。根据以上资料首选药为(  )。", "options": {"A": "马法兰", "B": "柔红霉素", "C": "马利兰", "D": "羟基脲"}, "answer": "羟基脲", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女孩,2岁。腹泻伴呕吐3天,大便7~8次/天,为黄绿色稀水样便,黏液较多,时有发热、腹痛,粪常规示白细胞(++)。不宜采用的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "锌制剂", "B": "止泻药", "C": "肠道微生态制剂", "D": "肠道黏膜保护剂"}, "answer": "止泻药", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初产妇,28岁。妊娠34周,恶心,呕吐,腹胀,黄疸轻度,乏力,诊断妊娠合并急性乙型病毒性肝炎。该患者的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "继续妊娠、保肝治疗", "B": "立即剖宫产", "C": "无需特殊处理,等至顺产", "D": "人工引产"}, "answer": "继续妊娠、保肝治疗", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.供应延髓外侧部血液的血管是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大脑中动脉", "B": "大脑前动脉", "C": "椎动脉", "D": "基底动脉"}, "answer": "椎动脉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,67岁。头痛、呕吐3天,4个月前有头部摔伤史。头颅CT示右额颞顶新月形中等密度影。2.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑挫伤", "B": "脑肿瘤", "C": "慢性硬膜外血肿", "D": "慢性硬膜下血肿"}, "answer": "慢性硬膜下血肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "25岁初孕妇,孕39周,未经产前检查。诉下肢水肿半个月,近3日头痛,今晨出现视物不清及头痛加重,且呕吐2次,查尿蛋白2.5g/24h。5.为排除慢性肾炎,最有鉴别价值的检测项目是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血尿素氮", "B": "血肌酐", "C": "血尿酸", "D": "血白蛋白"}, "answer": "血尿酸", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,63岁。吸烟42年余,慢性咳嗽、咳痰22年余。近4年来劳累时有气急。查体:两肺呼吸音减弱,肺下界下移。两肺底有细小湿啰音。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺癌", "B": "肺气肿", "C": "大叶性肺炎", "D": "气胸"}, "answer": "肺气肿", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某地一位司机在车祸中受重伤,被同行的人送到附近一家医院抢救。检查发现病人多发性骨折,多脏器破裂,如不及时手术,病人就会死亡。手术需要亲属签协议书。可病人的同行者谁也不敢代替家属签名。这时,主刀医师的上级医生签了协议书,表示承担责任。经过医务人员的全力抢救,病人脱险。2.该上级医生做出自己的选择之伦理依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医患之间契约关系中医师有独立人格", "B": "医患之间信托关系中患者处于弱势地位", "C": "医患之间信托关系中双方不是陌生人关系", "D": "医患之间信托关系中患者对医师信任无疑"}, "answer": "医患之间信托关系中双方不是陌生人关系", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "能改善稳定型心绞痛患者临床预后的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿素酶", "B": "阿司匹林", "C": "硝酸甘油", "D": "利多卡因"}, "answer": "阿司匹林", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "冬季,1岁男孩,发热、呕吐、腹泻3天,体温38℃,每日腹泻10次左右,呈蛋花汤样,无腥臭,1天来尿少,10小时无尿。查体:眼窝、前囟深陷,皮肤干燥,弹性极差,肢端凉。大便镜检偶见白细胞,血钠132mmol/L。1.最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "婴儿腹泻,轻度等渗性脱水", "B": "婴儿腹泻,中度低渗性脱水", "C": "婴儿腹泻,重度低渗性脱水", "D": "婴儿腹泻,重度等渗性脱水"}, "answer": "婴儿腹泻,重度等渗性脱水", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,20岁。腰痛3年,膝关节痛2个月。查体:右膝肿胀、压痛,浮髌试验阴性。实验室检查:血尿酸正常,HLA-B27阳性。X线:双侧骶髂关节骨侵蚀改变,伴间隙狭窄。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "感染性关节炎", "B": "反应性关节炎", "C": "银屑病关节炎", "D": "强直性脊柱炎"}, "answer": "强直性脊柱炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5.细胞表面BCR复合物与细菌多糖等碳水化合物作用可(  )。", "options": {"A": "诱导B细胞活化,但无需Th细胞辅助", "B": "产生协同刺激信号,使B细胞活化", "C": "为B细胞活化的初级信号传导分子", "D": "产生增强的免疫应答,分泌高亲和力抗体"}, "answer": "诱导B细胞活化,但无需Th细胞辅助", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症新生儿筛查是检测血(  )。", "options": {"A": "T3", "B": "T4", "C": "TSH", "D": "TRH"}, "answer": "TSH", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,50岁,反复呕吐4日,尿少,四肢厥冷。查体:血压90/60mmHg,血钠128mmol/L。2.若该患者体重50kg,不计日需要量,需要补钠(  )。", "options": {"A": "70mmol", "B": "140mmol", "C": "210mmol", "D": "350mmol"}, "answer": "210mmol", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.患儿1岁,表情呆滞,眼距宽,眼裂小,鼻梁低平,双眼外侧上斜,通贯手(  )。", "options": {"A": "21-三体综合征", "B": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症", "C": "苯丙酮尿症", "D": "黏多糖病"}, "answer": "21-三体综合征", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对中心静脉压正常,血压下降的病人的正确的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "充分补液", "B": "适当补液", "C": "扩张血管", "D": "进行补液试验后处理"}, "answer": "进行补液试验后处理", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项可见中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶活性明显增高?(  )", "options": {"A": "慢性粒细胞白血病", "B": "急性粒细胞白血病", "C": "急性淋巴细胞白血病", "D": "淋巴瘤"}, "answer": "急性淋巴细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "混合血栓通常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉血栓尾部", "B": "毛细血管内", "C": "静脉血栓体部", "D": "静脉血栓头部"}, "answer": "静脉血栓体部", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下各项中可确认内分泌功能异常部位的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "相应激素水平测定、X线检查", "B": "靶腺及上级腺体激素测定、功能试验", "C": "相应激素水平测定、核素扫描", "D": "特异腺体核素扫描、MRI、CT"}, "answer": "靶腺及上级腺体激素测定、功能试验", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.喘憋性肺炎常见的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺病毒", "B": "呼吸道合胞病毒", "C": "肺炎链球菌", "D": "肺炎支原体"}, "answer": "呼吸道合胞病毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "初次感染结核,产生变态反应的时间为(  )。", "options": {"A": "1~2周", "B": "2~3周", "C": "3~4周", "D": "4~8周"}, "answer": "4~8周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪型肝炎易发展为坏死后性肝硬化?(  )", "options": {"A": "急性重型", "B": "急性普通型", "C": "亚急性重型", "D": "慢性持续型"}, "answer": "亚急性重型", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "服毒后最好几小时内洗胃(  )。", "options": {"A": "1h", "B": "3h", "C": "6h", "D": "24h"}, "answer": "6h", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "骨关节结核下述哪一种情况不适于手术治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "经久不愈的窦道", "B": "有明显死骨,较大脓肿", "C": "脊柱结核合并截瘫", "D": "全身中毒症状严重,衰弱,重度贫血"}, "answer": "全身中毒症状严重,衰弱,重度贫血", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,35岁,右腹股沟肿块10年,站立时明显,平卧后消失,有时可降入阴囊,可还纳。查:右腹股沟肿块,手拳大小还纳腹腔,外环容3指,压迫内环后肿块不再出现。2.该患者最佳手术方式为(  )。", "options": {"A": "疝囊高位结扎", "B": "紧缩内环", "C": "疝后壁修补术", "D": "疝囊高位结扎+紧缩内环+疝后壁修补术"}, "answer": "疝囊高位结扎+紧缩内环+疝后壁修补术", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某厂医院医生甲从1998年10月起,离开医院岗位为工厂从事推销。若甲至2000年9月30日仍不回岗位,其所在医院向准予甲注册的卫生行政部门报告的期限是(  )。", "options": {"A": "10日内", "B": "7日内", "C": "15日内", "D": "30日内"}, "answer": "30日内", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "喘憋为突出表现", "B": "常见猩红热样或荨麻疹样皮疹", "C": "全身中毒症状明显,重者意识障碍甚至休克", "D": "刺激性咳嗽为突出表现"}, "answer": "喘憋为突出表现", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病最可能的早期诊断指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "日光照射不足及维生素D摄入不足", "B": "方颅及骨骼畸形", "C": "血钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶水平异常", "D": "血1,25-(OH)2-VD3水平下降"}, "answer": "血1,25-(OH)2-VD3水平下降", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "TCR识别Ag后向细胞传递信息的分子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD2", "B": "CD3", "C": "CD8", "D": "CD28"}, "answer": "CD3", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "具有过敏毒素作用的补体成分为(  )。", "options": {"A": "C3a", "B": "C8", "C": "C9", "D": "C2a"}, "answer": "C3a", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "细菌性肝脓肿的首选检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CT", "B": "MRI", "C": "肝动脉造影", "D": "B超"}, "answer": "B超", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "最常见的栓子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血栓栓子", "B": "空气栓子", "C": "细菌栓子", "D": "肿瘤栓子"}, "answer": "血栓栓子", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列各项中,不利于医院整体效应发挥的是群体间的(  )。", "options": {"A": "师承", "B": "控制", "C": "离心", "D": "合作"}, "answer": "离心", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿10个月,因间断腹泻2个月,面色苍白1个月就诊。大便2~3次/日,呈糊状,母乳喂养,4个月添加辅食。患儿3个月时因患坏死性小肠结肠炎,行小肠大部切除术,术后一般情况渐好转。查体:皮肤粘膜苍白,舌细微震颤,心脏(-),肝肋下2.5cm,脾肋下1cm,血红蛋白70g/L,红细胞2×1012/L,白细胞5.2×109/L,部分中性粒细胞有核右移。1.初步诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "生理性贫血", "B": "营养性巨幼细胞性贫血", "C": "营养性混合性贫血", "D": "再生障碍性贫血"}, "answer": "营养性巨幼细胞性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,14岁。突发剑突下剧烈绞痛2小时,疼痛呈钻顶样,辗转不安。查体:腹肌柔软,右上腹部轻微压痛。首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性胆囊炎", "B": "胆总管结石", "C": "胆道蛔虫病", "D": "胃癌"}, "answer": "胆道蛔虫病", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "疑为维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症做陶瑟征检查时,袖带的压力应维持在(  )。", "options": {"A": "收缩压与舒张压之间", "B": "收缩压以下", "C": "舒张压以上", "D": "收缩压以上"}, "answer": "收缩压与舒张压之间", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,28岁。胸闷气促3年,支气管激发试验阳性。剧烈运动后气促加重,应用沙丁胺醇气雾剂吸入后可缓解症状。其主要作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制嗜酸粒细胞聚集", "B": "对抗过敏介质的作用", "C": "舒张支气管平滑肌", "D": "减少支气管黏液分泌"}, "answer": "舒张支气管平滑肌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "高血压脑出血最多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "基底节", "B": "脑桥", "C": "小脑", "D": "脑干"}, "answer": "基底节", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,26岁,大面积烧伤并绿脓杆菌感染,选用羧苄西林治疗,应注意不能与下列何药混合注射?(  )", "options": {"A": "头孢他啶", "B": "庆大霉素", "C": "磺胺嘧啶", "D": "红霉素"}, "answer": "庆大霉素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,62岁,因房颤入院,用地高辛后心室率得到控制,并以地高辛0.5mg/d维持。因病人有心绞痛病史,为预防心绞痛而用一种抗心绞痛的药物,用药期间病人出现传导阻滞,最可能是合并应用了哪一种药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "硝酸甘油", "B": "维拉帕米", "C": "硝酸异山梨酯", "D": "美托洛尔"}, "answer": "维拉帕米", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,45岁,车祸3小时入院,诊断为骨盆骨折,左股骨干骨折及左胫骨开放性骨折,首先应密切观察的是哪一种并发症(  )。", "options": {"A": "休克", "B": "创口感染", "C": "泌尿系统感染", "D": "坠积性肺炎"}, "answer": "休克", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "霍乱传播中意义最大的传染源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "潜伏期带菌者", "B": "轻型及隐性感染者", "C": "重型病人", "D": "恢复期带菌者"}, "answer": "轻型及隐性感染者", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "运送断肢(指)时,下列哪种方法是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "简单冲洗断肢(指)残端后用清洁敷料包扎好", "B": "将断肢(指)残端浸泡在干净或清洁的冰水中", "C": "交断肢(指)直接放在冰块中", "D": "用干燥冷藏法保存"}, "answer": "用干燥冷藏法保存", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "初次免疫接种需要连续三次才能完成的有(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓灰质炎三价混合疫苗、百日咳、白喉、破伤风混合制剂疫苗2种", "B": "百日咳、白喉、破伤风混合制剂疫苗3种", "C": "脊髓灰质炎三价混合疫苗、百日咳、白喉、破伤风混合制剂疫苗4种", "D": "乙型肝炎疫苗、脊髓灰质炎三价混合疫苗、百日咳、白喉、破伤风混合制剂疫苗5种"}, "answer": "乙型肝炎疫苗、脊髓灰质炎三价混合疫苗、百日咳、白喉、破伤风混合制剂疫苗5种", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有一自发性蛛网膜下腔出血病人,其最常见的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅内动脉瘤", "B": "烟雾病", "C": "脑动脉硬化", "D": "脑血管畸形"}, "answer": "颅内动脉瘤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某男性患者,10岁,误服有机磷农药1605(对硫磷)约5m1,急诊送医院就诊,当时测定胆碱酯酶活力为54%。2.该患者病情严重程度为(  )。", "options": {"A": "轻度", "B": "中度", "C": "重度", "D": "特重度"}, "answer": "轻度", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于基因表达时间特异性的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "个体不同发育阶段有不同的基因进行表达", "B": "所有基因在一生中都进行表达", "C": "基因表达与器官发育的阶段一致", "D": "基因表达与细胞分化的阶段一致"}, "answer": "所有基因在一生中都进行表达", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "由载体介导的易化扩散发生饱和现象的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "跨膜浓度梯度降低", "B": "跨膜电位梯度降低", "C": "物质转运能量不足", "D": "载体转运达极限"}, "answer": "载体转运达极限", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "卫生行政部门决定不予医师执业注册的,申请人有异议时(  )。", "options": {"A": "只能向人民法院起诉", "B": "只能申请复议", "C": "可随时申请复议或向人民法院起诉", "D": "可自收到不予注册通知之日起15日内,申请复议或向人民法院起诉"}, "answer": "可自收到不予注册通知之日起15日内,申请复议或向人民法院起诉", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "抗甲状腺药停药的关键指征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "T3、T4正常,TRAb明显下降或转阴", "B": "T33、T4正常", "C": "rT3正常", "D": "临床甲亢表现消失"}, "answer": "T3、T4正常,TRAb明显下降或转阴", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有一名病人,确诊为脑挫裂伤,哪项不是诊断脑挫伤的依据?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑脊液含红细胞", "B": "可表现局灶脑损伤体征", "C": "脑脊液鼻漏", "D": "CT有额部点状高密度灶"}, "answer": "脑脊液鼻漏", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "可兴奋组织或细胞受刺激后,产生活动为(  )。", "options": {"A": "反射", "B": "兴奋", "C": "抑制", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "兴奋", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "抑制胃液分泌的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "促胃液素", "B": "组胺", "C": "乙酰胆碱", "D": "盐酸"}, "answer": "盐酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.下颌偏斜(  )。", "options": {"A": "外展神经损害", "B": "三叉神经损害", "C": "面神经损害", "D": "舌下神经损害"}, "answer": "三叉神经损害", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "性格的特征不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "意志特征", "B": "情绪特征", "C": "应激特征", "D": "智力特征"}, "answer": "应激特征", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,38岁,间歇性浮肿10余年,伴恶心、呕吐1周。血压155/110mmHg。血常规Hb 80g/L。尿常规:尿蛋白(++),颗粒管型2~3个/HP。血Cr 485μmol/L。1.原发病的诊断可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "隐匿性肾炎", "B": "原发性高血压病", "C": "慢性肾盂肾炎", "D": "肾病综合征"}, "answer": "慢性肾盂肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "Courvoisier征是指胰腺癌患者出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "无痛性胆囊肿大", "B": "肝大", "C": "腹膜转移", "D": "胰源性腹水"}, "answer": "无痛性胆囊肿大", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在风湿性疾病中,下述哪种疾病肾脏受累较少见?(  )", "options": {"A": "干燥综合征", "B": "皮肌炎(DM)", "C": "SLE", "D": "结节性多动脉炎(PN)"}, "answer": "皮肌炎(DM)", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,44岁。右上腹胀痛3天,伴寒战,高热(39.2℃)、食欲缺乏、乏力。右上腹皮肤有凹陷性水肿。肝肋下5cm,有压痛。血WBC 19×109/L,N 0.92。B超示右肝内多个2~3cm大小的液性暗区。X线片示右膈肌升高,肝阴影增大。抗感染治疗主要针对的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "无芽孢厌氧菌", "B": "溶血性链球菌", "C": "肉毒梭菌", "D": "志贺菌"}, "answer": "无芽孢厌氧菌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,26岁,施工时因塌方受伤,被同事从土堆中救出后送入医院。4.此病人脑干损伤的诊断是否成立,下列论述哪项正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "压眶时可见四肢运动,说明对意识状态的判断不对", "B": "缺乏MRI检查,目前诊断脑干损伤的证据不充分", "C": "根据现有临床表现,脑干损伤的诊断成立", "D": "目前病人的临床表现可能与使用镇静剂有关"}, "answer": "根据现有临床表现,脑干损伤的诊断成立", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者有偏瘫、偏身感觉障碍和偏盲,最可能是因为下述哪条血管闭塞所导致?(  )", "options": {"A": "大脑前动脉", "B": "大脑中动脉", "C": "内听动脉", "D": "脊髓前动脉"}, "answer": "大脑中动脉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.颅脑手术后,如无休克或昏迷,可采取(  )。", "options": {"A": "侧卧位", "B": "头高脚低斜坡卧位", "C": "高半坐位卧位", "D": "低半坐位卧位"}, "answer": "头高脚低斜坡卧位", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,女,孕38周出生,高位产钳助产,生后第二天出现嗜睡,呼吸不规则,前囟紧张,下肢抽动,尖声哭叫,血气检查示:pH7.28,动脉氧分压60mmHg,动脉二氧化碳分压70mmHg,剩余碱-15。3.为维持内环境稳定,纠正酸中毒应该(  )。", "options": {"A": "高浓度氧吸入", "B": "吸痰,雾化,维持呼吸道通畅", "C": "持续气道正压给氧", "D": "翻身,拍背吸痰"}, "answer": "吸痰,雾化,维持呼吸道通畅", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男孩,3岁。咳嗽,偶有低热1个月,PPD试验2~3天后观察皮肤红肿硬结直径20mm。该结果属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "阴性", "B": "阳性", "C": "中度阳性", "D": "强阳性"}, "answer": "强阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项不是21-三体综合征的临床特征?(  )", "options": {"A": "皮肤纹理异常", "B": "尿有特殊的臭味", "C": "智能低下", "D": "体格发育迟缓"}, "answer": "尿有特殊的臭味", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.再生障碍性贫血(  )。", "options": {"A": "大细胞高色素贫血", "B": "正细胞正色素贫血", "C": "小细胞正色素贫血", "D": "大细胞低色素贫血"}, "answer": "正细胞正色素贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.刺激小肠黏膜释放缩胆囊素的最强的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "盐酸", "B": "蛋白质分解产物", "C": "脂肪", "D": "糖类"}, "answer": "蛋白质分解产物", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "符合蜂窝织炎的叙述的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发生于皮下组织及阑尾的炎症", "B": "没有明显坏死的渗出性炎症", "C": "由链球菌感染引起的局限性化脓性炎症", "D": "以淋巴细胞渗出为主的炎症"}, "answer": "由链球菌感染引起的局限性化脓性炎症", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,25岁。晨起觉脐周疼痛,伴恶心。午后觉右下腹明显疼痛,不能忍受。查体:T 38.0℃,BP 110/80mmHg,右下腹肌紧张、压痛、反跳痛阳性。2.为明确诊断首选的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "诊断性腹腔穿刺", "B": "腹部B超", "C": "腹部CT", "D": "上消化道X线钡剂造影"}, "answer": "腹部B超", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,72岁。4小时前因情绪激动突发极度气急,咳嗽,咳粉红色泡沫痰。出冷汗,焦虑不安。既往COPD史20年,高血压25年。查体T 36.2℃,P 120次/分,R 34次/分,BP 220/130mmHg,神志模糊,端坐位,口唇发绀。无颈静脉怒张。双肺可闻及细湿啰音及哮鸣音。心率120次/分,律齐,心尖区可闻及舒张早期奔马律及2/6级收缩期杂音,腹软,双下肢无水肿。血气分析:pH 7.28,PaO2 60mmHg,PaCO2 60mmHg。1.该患者突发气急的最可能原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺动脉栓塞", "B": "COPD合并右心衰竭", "C": "高血压合并肺部感染", "D": "高血压合并急性左心衰竭"}, "answer": "高血压合并急性左心衰竭", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1岁男儿,持续发热、流泪、咳嗽五天,出玫瑰色斑丘疹,由头面开始到躯干、全身,皮疹消退后留有色素沉着。体温38.5℃,口腔黏膜有粟粒样充血性皮疹,浅表淋巴结不大,心脏未闻及明显异常,肺呼吸音增粗,腹部柔软,肝脾不大。未接受过预防接种。血常规:白细胞6×109/L,中性粒细胞0.45,淋巴细胞0.55。3.解除病人隔离应该到(  )。", "options": {"A": "开始出皮疹时", "B": "出疹后1~3天", "C": "出疹后5天", "D": "出疹后7天"}, "answer": "出疹后7天", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在患者常见的心理问题中,常表现为行为与年龄、社会角色不相符合,像回到婴儿时期,此患者的心理状态被称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "焦虑", "B": "猜疑", "C": "愤怒", "D": "退化"}, "answer": "退化", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿上呼吸道解剖特点,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "婴儿鼻腔血管丰富,炎症时可呼吸困难重", "B": "6个月可患鼻窦炎", "C": "喉腔狭窄,炎症时气道梗阻严重", "D": "婴儿易患化脓性扁桃体炎"}, "answer": "婴儿易患化脓性扁桃体炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "中年女性,患糖尿病多年,现饮食控制并服用格列本脲治疗中,糖尿病控制良好。近日受凉后出现高热、咳嗽,X线证实为肺内炎症,尿糖(+++),住院治疗。除按照肺炎常规处理外,对糖尿病应如何调整治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "加大格列苯脲用量", "B": "加强饮食控制,继续服用格列苯脲", "C": "格列苯脲+甲福明(二甲双胍)", "D": "改用胰岛素"}, "answer": "改用胰岛素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤的发生,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "侵蚀性葡萄胎可继发于流产后", "B": "侵蚀性葡萄胎不会发生子宫外转移", "C": "绝经后妇女不会发生绒毛膜癌", "D": "绒毛膜癌可继发于足月妊娠或异位妊娠后"}, "answer": "绒毛膜癌可继发于足月妊娠或异位妊娠后", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "骨龄超前见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "生长激素缺乏症", "B": "肾小管酸中毒", "C": "先天性肾上腺皮质增生症", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "先天性肾上腺皮质增生症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "初产妇,26岁。宫口开全1小时40分,先露+1,枕右后位,宫缩由强转弱50分钟,宫缩间隔由2分钟延长为6~8分钟。本例最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨盆入口狭窄", "B": "产妇乏力、肠胀气", "C": "原发性子宫收缩乏力", "D": "中骨盆狭窄"}, "answer": "原发性子宫收缩乏力", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,45岁。1天前进食较硬食物后突发呕血1次,约400ml,排黑色糊状便2次,每次量约200g,无腹痛。既往乙型肝炎病史14年,1年前曾发生类似呕血1次。查体:BP 105/65mmHg,皮下巩膜无黄染,腹软,无压痛,肝肋下未触及,脾肋下2cm,移动性浊音阴性,肠鸣音4~5次/分。实验室检查:Hb 95g/L,WBC 2.5×109/L,PLT 47×109/L。1.首先考虑的出血原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃癌", "B": "食管胃底静脉曲张破裂", "C": "贲门黏膜破裂", "D": "急性糜烂出血性胃炎"}, "answer": "食管胃底静脉曲张破裂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "产生雄激素结合蛋白的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生精细胞", "B": "精原细胞", "C": "睾丸支持细胞", "D": "睾丸间质细胞"}, "answer": "睾丸支持细胞", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "感染转化为局限性化脓的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人体抵抗力占优势", "B": "病灶局部血循环障碍", "C": "病灶仍有大量细菌", "D": "抗生素使用剂量不足"}, "answer": "病灶局部血循环障碍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胆固醇合成的直接碳源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙酰CoA", "B": "HMGCoA", "C": "丙二酰CoA", "D": "琥珀酰CoA"}, "answer": "乙酰CoA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,65岁,咳嗽、咳痰10天,纳差、腹泻3天,神志不清伴抽搐2小时。糖尿病史10年,不规律口服降糖药治疗。3.确诊最有价值的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血糖、电解质", "B": "胸片", "C": "腹部B超", "D": "脑CT"}, "answer": "血糖、电解质", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "形成肉芽肿的心肌炎是(  )。", "options": {"A": "特发性巨细胞性心肌炎", "B": "埃可病毒性心肌炎", "C": "白喉性心肌炎", "D": "腺病毒"}, "answer": "特发性巨细胞性心肌炎", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "恶性骨肿瘤与良性骨肿瘤的区别,下列选项不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "恶性骨肿瘤几乎都有局部疼痛,良性骨肿瘤多无疼痛", "B": "恶性骨肿瘤可有远隔转移,良性骨肿瘤无", "C": "恶性骨肿瘤可发生病理骨折,良性骨肿瘤不发生", "D": "恶性骨肿瘤可有浅静脉怒张,良性骨肿瘤无"}, "answer": "恶性骨肿瘤可发生病理骨折,良性骨肿瘤不发生", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.类风湿关节炎是(  )。", "options": {"A": "关节痛表现为病情缓慢,肿而不红,穿刺见脓液", "B": "关节痛表现为多发性,有畸形及功能障碍,穿刺液见白细胞数增多,中性粒细胞占0.75", "C": "关节痛表现为急性发作,高热,红肿明显,不能活动,白细胞高,关节液自细胞甚多,中性粒细胞占0.90", "D": "关节附近痛,急性发作,高热,红肿不明显,深压痛,不愿意活动关节,白细胞明显增高"}, "answer": "关节痛表现为多发性,有畸形及功能障碍,穿刺液见白细胞数增多,中性粒细胞占0.75", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5岁男孩,发热10天,热型不定,伴刺激性咳嗽,咯出少量黏稠痰。查体:精神尚可,双肺呼吸粗糙及少许喘鸣音。X线显示肺门阴影明显的增浊。根据病情诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺病毒肺炎", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "C": "支原体肺炎", "D": "衣原体肺炎"}, "answer": "支原体肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "补体激活经典途径是从哪个成分开始的(  )。", "options": {"A": "C1", "B": "C2", "C": "C3", "D": "C4"}, "answer": "C1", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述物质不是抗体的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎盘球蛋白", "B": "新生儿从母体得到的IgG", "C": "抗毒素血清", "D": "免疫佐剂"}, "answer": "免疫佐剂", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "提出精神分析理论的心理学家为(  )。", "options": {"A": "巴甫洛夫", "B": "马斯洛", "C": "弗洛伊德", "D": "华生"}, "answer": "弗洛伊德", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.急性胰腺炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "干酪样坏死", "B": "脂肪坏死", "C": "坏疽", "D": "纤维素样坏死"}, "answer": "脂肪坏死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "9岁男孩,右胫骨上端疼痛,肿胀,压痛,关节活动受限。X线片:右胫骨上端偏右骨密度增高,边界不清,有骨膜反应。治疗应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "非甾体类抗炎药", "B": "截肢术", "C": "理疗", "D": "牵引制动"}, "answer": "截肢术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,28岁,妊娠后期出现进行性背痛,下肢乏力,食欲减退。查体见第7胸椎轻度后突,有叩痛。X线片示第6、7胸椎间隙变窄,椎旁软组织阴影膨隆;血沉60mm/小时。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸椎结核", "B": "胸椎转移癌", "C": "化脓性脊椎炎", "D": "胸椎间盘脱出"}, "answer": "胸椎结核", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医生白某因挪用公款用于个人经营,被判有期徒刑一年。1.白某被判刑后其执业(  )。", "options": {"A": "在监管部门规定范围内执业", "B": "可以不受限制", "C": "注销注册", "D": "终止医师执业活动"}, "answer": "注销注册", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "免疫球蛋白主要分布于(  )。", "options": {"A": "清蛋白", "B": "α1-球蛋白", "C": "α2-球蛋白", "D": "γ-球蛋白"}, "answer": "γ-球蛋白", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,55岁。间断上腹部不适2年。经检查诊断为“慢性胃炎并幽门螺杆菌感染”。医生建议其服用奥美拉唑20mg、阿莫西林1.0mg、克拉霉素0.5mg,均每日2次。上述药物的服用疗程应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "3~5天", "B": "7~14天", "C": "20~30天", "D": ">30天"}, "answer": "7~14天", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性患者,35岁,阵发性头痛、心悸出汗3年,此次因情绪激动发作剧烈头痛心悸、大汗来急诊,检查发现面色苍白,血压26.7/17.3kPa(200/130mmHg),心136次/分。3.患者入院后某天夜间突然发作剧烈痛、烦躁、面色苍白,血压25/7.3kPa(190/130mmHg),心率140次/分,几分钟后明显大汗、恶心,压降至5.3/2.7kPa(40/20mmHg)。以下情况不可能发生的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "嗜铬细胞瘤瘤内出血", "B": "肿瘤可能以分泌肾上腺素为主", "C": "心衰", "D": "低血糖反应"}, "answer": "低血糖反应", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于卵巢的周期性变化排卵的时间,下列哪一项是正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "排卵以后的卵泡称闭锁卵泡", "B": "月经来潮时子宫内膜自基底层剥脱", "C": "月经来潮时妇女的基础体温可升高0.5~1℃", "D": "排卵多发生在下次月经来潮前14日左右"}, "answer": "排卵多发生在下次月经来潮前14日左右", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,72岁。排便时突然跌倒,意识丧失,呼吸断续。有陈旧心肌梗死和糖尿病病史,无高血压病史,诊断为心脏骤停。1.该患者既往超声心电图检查未发现异常,其心脏骤停最可能的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "冠心病", "B": "预激综合征", "C": "梗阻性肥厚型心肌病", "D": "主动脉夹层"}, "answer": "冠心病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性非淋菌性尿道炎的临床表现哪项正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "绝大多数患者无症状", "B": "分泌物为稀薄浆液、量少", "C": "分泌物黏稠脓性、量多", "D": "分泌物黏稠脓性、量少"}, "answer": "分泌物为稀薄浆液、量少", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "公共卫生的功能不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "预防疾病的发生和传播", "B": "预防意外伤害", "C": "研究具体的临床治疗措施", "D": "促进和鼓励健康行为"}, "answer": "研究具体的临床治疗措施", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对皮层体表感觉区的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "所有的感觉投射都是交叉的", "B": "体表区的空间投射分布是倒置的", "C": "头面部代表区的分布是正立的", "D": "投射区域的大小与不同体表部位感觉分辨能力的精细程度有关"}, "answer": "所有的感觉投射都是交叉的", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "全胃肠外营养的指征不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "大面积烧伤", "B": "急性坏死性胰腺炎", "C": "溃疡性结肠炎急性期", "D": "肢体外伤性失血"}, "answer": "肢体外伤性失血", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,40岁,农民,因发热5天于2月25日入院,伴头痛、眼胀痛、腰痛、恶心,曾呕吐两次。体检:体温38.5℃,血压60/45mmHg,面颈部皮肤潮红,双眼球结膜水肿,两腋下可见散在出血点。外周血白细胞16.4×109/L,中性粒细胞0.74,血小板54×109/L;尿蛋白(++)。1.诊断首先考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "血小板减少性紫癜", "B": "急性肾小球肾炎", "C": "流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "D": "流行性出血热"}, "answer": "流行性出血热", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.属于激情的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "狂喜", "B": "害羞", "C": "为祖国而自豪", "D": "强烈的求知欲望"}, "answer": "狂喜", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医德修养的内容应除外(  )。", "options": {"A": "学习医疗卫生体制改革文件,进行政策修养", "B": "以正确的医德思想战胜不正确的医德思想,进行医德情感和信念修养", "C": "学习科学的医学伦理学理论,进行医德理论修养", "D": "实践正确的医德认识,进行医德品质和习惯修养"}, "answer": "学习医疗卫生体制改革文件,进行政策修养", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于用力呼吸的描述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼气时腹壁肌收缩", "B": "吸气时膈肌收缩", "C": "呼气时肋间内肌收缩", "D": "呼气时肋间外肌收缩"}, "answer": "呼气时肋间外肌收缩", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.风湿性脑病(  )。", "options": {"A": "瓣膜穿孔并有皮下Osler小结", "B": "环形红斑", "C": "小舞蹈症", "D": "关节积液"}, "answer": "小舞蹈症", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.血液灌流可清除的脂溶化合物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "短效巴比妥类", "B": "苯巴比妥", "C": "水杨酸类", "D": "锂"}, "answer": "短效巴比妥类", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某患者突起畏寒、寒战,体温39℃,这种体温升高是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "产热中枢抑制", "B": "皮肤血管收缩", "C": "调定点上移", "D": "体温调节功能障碍"}, "answer": "调定点上移", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "FAB分型中,非特异性酯酶阳性,但能被氟化钠抑制,属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "AML-M3", "B": "AML-M6", "C": "AML-M2", "D": "AML-M5"}, "answer": "AML-M5", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "新生儿不易患传染病,其免疫力的获得是通过(  )。", "options": {"A": "人工被动免疫", "B": "自然被动免疫", "C": "隐性感染", "D": "潜伏感染"}, "answer": "自然被动免疫", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,28岁,初产妇。双胎妊娠,妊娠39周临产。查体:P 90次/分,BP 140/80mmHg。规律宫缩10小时后宫口开全,第一胎儿头位娩出,新生儿体重2600g。第二胎儿为单臀先露,已衔接,胎心正常。本例恰当的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "产钳牵引术", "B": "行内转胎位术", "C": "等待臀助娩", "D": "立即剖宫产术"}, "answer": "等待臀助娩", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.甲类传染病是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "鼠疫,霍乱", "B": "传染性非典型肺炎,艾滋病", "C": "流行性感冒,流行性腮腺炎", "D": "病毒性肝炎,流行性感冒"}, "answer": "鼠疫,霍乱", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,26岁,轻度黄疸,肝肋下1.5cm,血红蛋白70g/L,Coombs试验阳性。该患者应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "早期肝硬化", "B": "缺铁性贫血", "C": "肝炎并贫血", "D": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血"}, "answer": "自身免疫性溶血性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "用口服葡萄糖耐量试验诊断糖尿病标准,其2小时血糖大于或等于(  )。", "options": {"A": "11.1mmol/L", "B": "12.1mmol/L", "C": "7.8mmol/L", "D": "7.0mmol/L"}, "answer": "11.1mmol/L", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,45岁。体检发现血糖升高,空腹血糖7.6mmol/L,餐后2小时血糖13.6mmol/L, HbA1c 7.8%。查体:BP 150/100nmHg,BMI 28,心肺腹查体未见明显异常。2.在控制饮食和运动基础上首选的降血糖药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "二甲双胍", "B": "阿卡波糖", "C": "那格列奈", "D": "格列美脲"}, "answer": "二甲双胍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,36岁。呼吸困难伴声音嘶哑2个月,活动明显受限。无慢性咳嗽、咳痰。关节痛。查体:口唇发绀。颈静脉充盈,肝颈回流征阳性。P2亢进。三尖瓣闻及3/6级收缩期杂音,双下肢水肿。应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "特发性肺动脉高压", "B": "风湿性心脏病", "C": "房间隔缺损", "D": "扩张性心肌病"}, "answer": "特发性肺动脉高压", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,35岁,反复发作右上腹痛伴寒战、发热4年;3天前再次出现同样症状。查体:体温40.5℃,脉搏130次/min,血压62/46mmHg,嗜睡,巩膜黄染,右上腹压痛及肌紧张,肝区叩痛明显。3.经输液扩容及应用血管活性药物后,病情无明显好转,在手术前还应采取的主要措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "加大升压药剂量", "B": "更换有效抗生素", "C": "加快输液", "D": "纠正酸中毒"}, "answer": "纠正酸中毒", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "哪项是引起小儿重型腹泻的主要因素?(  )", "options": {"A": "机体防御功能较差", "B": "消化系统发育不良,消化道负担重", "C": "肠道内感染", "D": "肠道外感染"}, "answer": "肠道内感染", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肾炎性肾病不同于单纯性肾病的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大量蛋白尿", "B": "血尿、高血压", "C": "胆固醇增高", "D": "血浆蛋白降低"}, "answer": "血尿、高血压", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,56岁,心房颤动患者,突然发生命名困难。2周来共发生过5次,每次持续2~15秒。查体:无神经系统异常。脑CT无异常。2.主要累及的血管是(  )。", "options": {"A": "基底动脉系", "B": "椎动脉系", "C": "颈内动脉系", "D": "大脑后动脉"}, "answer": "大脑后动脉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男婴,3天。黄疸2天,加重伴嗜睡1天。无发热及惊厥。足月儿,出生体重3560g。查体T 36.5℃。吸吮无力,反应差,全身皮肤及巩膜明显黄染。心肺未见明显异常,腹软,肝肋下2cm,实验室检查:Hb 90g/L,血清总胆红素425μmol/L。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "先天性胆道闭锁", "B": "新生儿溶血病", "C": "母乳性黄疸", "D": "新生儿肝炎"}, "answer": "新生儿溶血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿10月,诊断为营养性缺铁性贫血,给予铁剂治疗1周,想了解是否有效。1.应做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞计数", "B": "血红蛋白定量", "C": "骨髓穿刺", "D": "网织红细胞计数"}, "answer": "网织红细胞计数", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.会骑三轮车,能说短歌谣的年龄(  )。", "options": {"A": "2岁", "B": "3岁", "C": "5岁", "D": "6岁"}, "answer": "3岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在下列各项中,医师可以行使特殊的干涉权的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对需要隔离的传染病患者拒绝隔离的", "B": "在教学医院内住院的患者拒绝接受医学生实习", "C": "在有科研任务的医院内住院的患者拒绝作为受试者", "D": "门诊就医的患者拒绝按医师开出的特殊检查项目进行检查"}, "answer": "对需要隔离的传染病患者拒绝隔离的", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "26岁,初产妇,妊娠39周,规律宫缩18h,肛查宫口8cm,先露0、胎膜未破,腹部触诊为头先露,宫缩时宫体部不硬,持续30s,间隔5min,胎心136/min,B超检查:示胎儿双顶径为9.0cm。3.若破膜后发现羊水为棕黄色,最合适的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "严密观察产程,等待自然分娩", "B": "立即剖宫产", "C": "小剂量滴注缩宫素", "D": "持续吸氧,等待宫口开全"}, "answer": "立即剖宫产", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.幼儿急疹的病原为(  )。", "options": {"A": "人类疱疹病毒6型", "B": "柯萨奇病毒A型", "C": "柯萨奇病毒B型", "D": "单纯疱疹病毒"}, "answer": "人类疱疹病毒6型", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,25岁,停经7周,1h前突感下腹部疼痛,伴肛门坠胀感,查体:皮肤苍白,下腹压痛,反跳痛,腹肌紧张,阴道后穹窿饱满,有压痛。2.为确诊,最可靠的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B型超声", "B": "阴道后穹窿穿刺", "C": "粪常规", "D": "结核菌素试验"}, "answer": "阴道后穹窿穿刺", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于伤寒的流行病学,下列各项中不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "水源污染是重要传播途径,是爆发主要原因", "B": "散发病例多因进食污染食物引起", "C": "病后免疫力持久,少有第二次发病者", "D": "本病终年可见,夏秋季多"}, "answer": "散发病例多因进食污染食物引起", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,54岁。渐进性水肿半年,无糖尿病病史,Cr 78mmoL/L,C3正常,ANA(-),蛋白尿(++),血压150/90mmHg。2.肾脏在光镜下的特征性病理表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "内皮细胞和系膜细胞增生", "B": "镜下无异常变化", "C": "肾小球毛细血管壁增厚", "D": "新月体形成"}, "answer": "肾小球毛细血管壁增厚", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "细胞膜的物质主动转运是借助于膜上的(  )。", "options": {"A": "通道蛋白的耗能过程", "B": "泵蛋白的耗能过程", "C": "受体蛋白的耗能过程", "D": "泵蛋白与载体蛋白的耗能过程"}, "answer": "泵蛋白的耗能过程", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.使形成原生质体的细菌发生融合、获得多种类型重组融合体称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "转导", "B": "溶原性转换", "C": "接合", "D": "原生质体融合"}, "answer": "原生质体融合", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列各种类型急性白血病中,哪一类最常发生中枢神经系统白血病?(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性粒细胞白血病", "B": "急性单核细胞白血病", "C": "急性淋巴细胞白血病", "D": "急性单核细胞白血病"}, "answer": "急性淋巴细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩,3岁半。发热2周,头痛、呕吐1周,惊厥1次。查体:颈抵抗(+),双膝腱反射亢进,巴氏征(+)。脑脊液检查:WBC 265×106/L,单核0.76,多核0.24,蛋白1.5g/L,糖1.2mmol/L,氯化物92mmol/L。目前最适宜的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头孢曲松+万古霉素", "B": "四联抗结核药物", "C": "大剂量丙种球蛋白", "D": "阿昔洛韦"}, "answer": "四联抗结核药物", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.医疗机构收治传染病病人、疑似传染病病人(  )。", "options": {"A": "提供医疗救护和现场救援", "B": "卫生防护措施,防止交叉感染和污染", "C": "医学观察措施", "D": "应当依法报告所在地的疾病预防控制机构"}, "answer": "应当依法报告所在地的疾病预防控制机构", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "4.作为医学伦理学基本范畴的情感指(  )。", "options": {"A": "医学关系中的主体在道义上应享有的权力和利益", "B": "医学关系中的主体在道义上对周围人、事及自身的内心体验和感受", "C": "医学关系中的主体对自己应尽义务的自我认知和评价", "D": "医学关系中的主体表现出行为前的周密思考和行为中的谨慎负责"}, "answer": "医学关系中的主体在道义上对周围人、事及自身的内心体验和感受", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,30岁,不规则发热、咳嗽半年,间断腹泻,大便为稀糊状,无脓血。半年内体重下降达12kg,有静脉吸毒史3年,初步诊断考虑AIDS。2.艾滋病患者肺部感染最常见的机会性病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡氏肺孢子虫", "B": "巨细胞病毒", "C": "念珠菌", "D": "隐球菌"}, "answer": "卡氏肺孢子虫", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "慢性肾盂肾炎时,下列哪项是肾小管内特征性的管型?(  )", "options": {"A": "胶样管型", "B": "细胞管型", "C": "透明管型", "D": "色素管型"}, "answer": "胶样管型", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.手术根治术中应切除肾脏+全输尿管+部分膀胱(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾癌", "B": "肾胚胎瘤", "C": "膀胱癌", "D": "肾盂癌"}, "answer": "肾盂癌", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "早期诊断急性化脓性关节炎最有价值的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血培养", "B": "X线平片", "C": "临床症状和体征", "D": "关节穿刺液检查"}, "answer": "关节穿刺液检查", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "34周早产儿,6天,出生后吃奶差,每次5毫升,每天喂奶3~4次,近两天来不吃、不哭、不动,于2005年8月入院。查体:体温33℃,面颊、四肢皮肤暗红色稍肿,冰凉,大腿外侧皮肤发硬,不能捏起,心率90次/分。2.引起本病的原因主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "棕色脂肪产热不足", "B": "摄入热卡不足", "C": "严重感染", "D": "重度缺氧"}, "answer": "摄入热卡不足", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一急性白血病患者住院3周后,高热、头痛、呕吐、颈项强直,此时最佳治疗方案为(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗生素", "B": "化疗+鞘内注射MTX", "C": "输血", "D": "镇痛"}, "answer": "化疗+鞘内注射MTX", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "毛果芸香碱是(  )。", "options": {"A": "作用于α受体的药物", "B": "α受体激动剂", "C": "M受体激动剂", "D": "M受体拮抗剂"}, "answer": "M受体激动剂", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪种药物属于非选择性钙拮抗药?(  )", "options": {"A": "加洛帕米", "B": "地尔硫", "C": "普尼拉明", "D": "尼卡地平"}, "answer": "普尼拉明", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "基因表达调控的主要环节是(  )。", "options": {"A": "基因扩增", "B": "转录起始", "C": "转录后加工", "D": "翻译后加工"}, "answer": "转录起始", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不属于风湿热的Jones诊断标准的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主要指标5项", "B": "次要指标5项", "C": "风湿活动指标5项", "D": "都包括"}, "answer": "风湿活动指标5项", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,52岁。1周来出现阵发性夜间心前区闷胀,伴出汗,每次持续约10分钟,能自行缓解。白天可正常工作。半小时前在熟睡中再发心前区胀痛,明显压抑感。自服速效救心丸无效,症状持续不缓解而来院。既往体健,无类似发作。入院查心电图呈心前区导联ST段抬高。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "劳力性心绞痛", "B": "初发型心绞痛", "C": "恶化型心绞痛", "D": "变异型心绞痛"}, "answer": "变异型心绞痛", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,25岁,乏力,皮肤色素沉着3年余,经常感冒,食欲差,偶尔恶心,呕吐,查体:BP 90/60mmHg,全身皮肤较黑,掌纹、乳晕色深,齿龈、颊粘膜也可见色素沉着,余未见异常,该患者替代治疗应用(  )。", "options": {"A": "氢化可的松", "B": "地塞米松", "C": "甲泼尼松", "D": "泼尼松龙"}, "answer": "氢化可的松", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "哪段胫骨骨折易引起骨折延迟愈合甚至不愈合?(  )", "options": {"A": "中下1/3", "B": "上中1/3", "C": "胫骨平台", "D": "内踝"}, "answer": "中下1/3", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.急性蜂窝组织炎的主要致病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "B": "溶血性链球菌", "C": "铜绿假单胞菌", "D": "破伤风杆菌"}, "answer": "溶血性链球菌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于缺乏叶酸所致营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血的病因,以下不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯羊乳喂养,未及时添加辅食", "B": "长期偏食绿叶蔬菜及动物内脏", "C": "长期服用广谱抗生素", "D": "长期应用MTX"}, "answer": "长期偏食绿叶蔬菜及动物内脏", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "属于闭合伤的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "擦伤", "B": "火器伤", "C": "直肠破裂", "D": "撕脱伤"}, "answer": "直肠破裂", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "血胸活动性出血的征象不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "脉快,血压下降,补液后血压不升或回升后又下降", "B": "胸片阴影逐渐增大", "C": "穿刺液涂片红细胞与白细胞之比为100:1", "D": "闭式引流量连续3小时,每小时超过200ml"}, "answer": "穿刺液涂片红细胞与白细胞之比为100:1", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对病人的利与害共存时,要求临床医师保证最大善果和最小恶果的医学伦理学原则为(  )。", "options": {"A": "有利患者", "B": "患者自主", "C": "严谨审慎", "D": "双方协商解决"}, "answer": "有利患者", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "新生儿生理性体重下降发生在出生后(  )。", "options": {"A": "第1周", "B": "第2周", "C": "第4周", "D": "第5周"}, "answer": "第1周", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某男,43岁。吸烟10年,每天1包,不想戒烟。他说:“我从不生病,即使吸烟也不会得肺癌。”针对该患者的想法,应首先向他指出的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸烟相关疾病的易感性", "B": "行为改变的有效性", "C": "吸烟相关疾病的严重性", "D": "自我效能的重要性"}, "answer": "吸烟相关疾病的易感性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肿瘤的特异性治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "注射麻疹疫苗", "B": "注射异体肿瘤免疫核糖核酸", "C": "注射干扰素", "D": "注射转移因子"}, "answer": "注射异体肿瘤免疫核糖核酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新生儿病理性黄疸,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "血清胆红素>205μmol/L(12mg/dl)", "B": "生后24小时内出现黄疸", "C": "黄疸退而复现", "D": "血清结合胆红素>17.1μmol/L(1mg/dl)"}, "answer": "血清结合胆红素>17.1μmol/L(1mg/dl)", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列对腮腺炎的描述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腮腺炎病毒经被患者唾液污染的食具或玩具也能传播", "B": "引起一侧或双侧腮腺肿大,一般1~2周自愈", "C": "不会导致女性患儿卵巢炎及影响成年后的生育功能", "D": "可并发脑膜炎和耳聋,是儿童后天获得性耳聋的最常见病因"}, "answer": "不会导致女性患儿卵巢炎及影响成年后的生育功能", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.氯丙嗪是(  )。", "options": {"A": "治疗神经官能症的药物", "B": "治疗精神分裂症的药物", "C": "治疗躁狂症的药物", "D": "治疗焦虑症的药物"}, "answer": "治疗精神分裂症的药物", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪项是对呼吸性酸碱失衡的判断,最有价值的指标?(  )", "options": {"A": "AB", "B": "PaCO2", "C": "BE", "D": "SB"}, "answer": "PaCO2", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在慢性病中,医患关系中最理想的模式是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动-被动型", "B": "共同参与型", "C": "指导-合作型", "D": "被动-被动型"}, "answer": "共同参与型", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.P2亢进,固定分裂(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "动脉导管未闭", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "艾森曼格综合征"}, "answer": "房间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.类白血病样反应(  )。", "options": {"A": "非特异性酯酶(+),阳性可被氟化钠抑制", "B": "Ph染色体阳性", "C": "中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶积分增高", "D": "骨髓细胞内可见Auer小体"}, "answer": "中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶积分增高", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪一项不符合单纯性肾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "明显水肿", "B": "大量蛋白尿", "C": "多为非选择性蛋白尿", "D": "暂时性氮质血症"}, "answer": "多为非选择性蛋白尿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列对气道阻力的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼气时气道阻力大于吸气时", "B": "交感神经兴奋时,气道管径变小,阻力增加", "C": "平静呼吸时,50%以上的阻力发生在鼻与声门部位", "D": "平静呼吸时,仅10%的阻力发生于细支气管"}, "answer": "交感神经兴奋时,气道管径变小,阻力增加", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,8岁,2日前出现双眼异物感,逐渐加重,并出现畏光、流泪及多量粘液性分泌物。诊断为沙眼。下列用药不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全身应用青霉素", "B": "局部应用氧氟沙星", "C": "局部应用利福平", "D": "晚上涂抹四环素眼膏"}, "answer": "全身应用青霉素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "股骨颈外展型骨折是指Pauwel角(  )。", "options": {"A": "小于10°", "B": "小于20°", "C": "小于30°", "D": "小于50°"}, "answer": "小于30°", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对人来说,HLA分子属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "异种抗原", "B": "同种异型抗原", "C": "改变的自身抗原", "D": "隐蔽抗原"}, "answer": "同种异型抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,76岁。无排便7天,腹痛、呕吐2天。平素便秘。查体:肠鸣音亢进,最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性胃炎", "B": "急性腹膜炎", "C": "急性胰腺炎", "D": "急性肠梗阻"}, "answer": "急性肠梗阻", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,15岁。四肢无力3天,伴吞咽困难1天。大、小便正常。1周前腹泻2次,自服药物治疗好转。查体:神志清楚,构音障碍,双侧闭目无力、鼻唇沟浅、鼓腮不能,软腭上抬无力,咽反射迟钝,腱反射消失,病理征未引出,双侧手套袜子样感觉,腓肠肌压痛(+)。诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吉兰-巴雷综合征", "B": "重症肌无力", "C": "周期性瘫痪", "D": "急性脊髓灰质炎"}, "answer": "吉兰-巴雷综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "阑尾切除术最常见的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "出血", "B": "粪瘘", "C": "腹腔脓肿", "D": "切口感染"}, "answer": "切口感染", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对精神检查不合作的患者,医生可以通过哪些途径的细心观察,得出正确推论?(  )", "options": {"A": "言语", "B": "面部表情", "C": "动作行为", "D": "以上都正确"}, "answer": "以上都正确", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.可引起新生儿结膜炎的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "B": "肺炎链球菌", "C": "淋病奈瑟菌", "D": "脑膜炎奈瑟菌"}, "answer": "淋病奈瑟菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "动机受干扰阻滞,被迫放弃而导致需要不能满足的负性情绪状态叫做(  )。", "options": {"A": "动机冲突", "B": "挫折", "C": "应激", "D": "抑郁"}, "answer": "挫折", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "蛋白质、热能营养不良最先出现的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体重不增", "B": "身高低于正常", "C": "皮下脂肪减少", "D": "肌肉萎缩"}, "answer": "体重不增", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,49岁。拟行甲状腺癌根治术。既往有2型糖尿病病史10余年,平素糖尿病饮食,长期口服短效降糖药控制血糖。术前正确的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "提前1周换用普通胰岛素", "B": "服用降糖药物至手术前一天晚上", "C": "提前3天换用普通胰岛素", "D": "术中皮下注射胰岛素"}, "answer": "服用降糖药物至手术前一天晚上", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "属于虚幻的知觉体验是(  )。", "options": {"A": "妄想", "B": "知觉改变", "C": "幻觉", "D": "错觉"}, "answer": "幻觉", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.儿童生长发育期所致贫血宜选用(  )。", "options": {"A": "氨甲环酸", "B": "硫酸亚铁", "C": "华法林", "D": "尿激酶"}, "answer": "硫酸亚铁", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.DIC时全身微循环小血管内栓塞(  )。", "options": {"A": "白色血栓", "B": "混合血栓", "C": "透明血栓", "D": "血栓栓塞"}, "answer": "透明血栓", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "颈椎病的手术指征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头痛、头晕、眩晕", "B": "颈痛伴手麻木", "C": "反复发作,症状严重,长期保守疗法无效,有脊髓受压或瘫痪", "D": "颈肩痛,手部肌力减弱,头痛头晕,耳鸣"}, "answer": "反复发作,症状严重,长期保守疗法无效,有脊髓受压或瘫痪", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "甲亢病人突然出现下肢不能动,最可能的是下述哪一种疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "周期性麻痹", "B": "重症肌无力", "C": "甲亢性肌病", "D": "肌营养不良症"}, "answer": "周期性麻痹", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医疗保健机构,卫生防疫机构发现传染病时,应当及时采取的控制措施中不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "对除艾滋病病人、炭疽中的肺炭疽病人以外的乙类、丙类传染病病人,根据病情,采取必要的治疗和控制传播措施", "B": "对甲类传染病病人和病原携带者,乙类传染病中的艾滋病病人、炭疽中的肺炭疽病人,予以隔离治疗", "C": "对疑似乙类传染病中的艾滋病病人,在明确诊断前,在指定场所进行医学观察", "D": "对传染病病人、病原携带者、疑似传染病病人污染的场所、物品和密切接触的人员,实施必要的卫生处理和预防措施"}, "answer": "对疑似乙类传染病中的艾滋病病人,在明确诊断前,在指定场所进行医学观察", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "新生儿各种细胞吞噬功能(  )。", "options": {"A": "成熟", "B": "增强", "C": "减低", "D": "暂时减低"}, "answer": "减低", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肝细胞出现中度碎片状坏死及桥接坏死的病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性普通型肝炎", "B": "急性黄疸型肝炎", "C": "轻度慢性肝炎", "D": "中度慢性肝炎"}, "answer": "中度慢性肝炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "引起婴儿腹泻的主要病原菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠炎杆菌", "B": "志贺痢疾杆菌", "C": "肠致病性大肠杆菌", "D": "丙型副伤寒杆菌"}, "answer": "肠致病性大肠杆菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,60岁。上腹胀、隐痛伴皮肤黄染、食欲不振、厌油腻饮食1个月,症状进行性加重,体重共减轻5kg。10天前开始大便颜色逐渐变浅,近2天大便呈白陶土样。查体:巩膜明显黄染,肝肋下未触及,右肋缘下可触及肿大的胆囊底部,无触痛。实验室检查:血总胆红素340µmol/L。血AFP 5µg/L。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝门部胆管癌", "B": "肝癌", "C": "胆总管下段癌", "D": "胆总管结石"}, "answer": "胆总管下段癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,50岁。烦躁、昼睡夜醒2天。肝炎肝硬化病史5年。对明确意识障碍病因最有意义的实验室检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血糖", "B": "ALT/AST", "C": "血氨", "D": "血电解质"}, "answer": "血氨", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "右心衰引起水肿的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "组织液静水压降低", "B": "毛细血管血压升高", "C": "组织液胶体渗透压降低", "D": "毛细血管、微静脉管壁通透性增加"}, "answer": "毛细血管血压升高", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "31岁妇女,平时月经规律,停经58日,阴道少量流血10日,偶存阵发性腹痛。妇科检查:宫颈着色,宫体如妊娠4个月左右大小,双附件区均扪及块物。1.本例可能性最小的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "羊水过多", "B": "葡萄胎", "C": "双胎妊娠", "D": "先兆流产"}, "answer": "先兆流产", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,38岁。车祸致胸部损伤,出现严重呼吸困难。查体:BP 80/60mmHg,脉细速,皮肤完整,气管左移,颈静脉充盈,颈部及右胸部皮下气肿,右胸饱满,肋间隙增宽,叩诊鼓音,右肺呼吸音消失。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "张力性气胸", "B": "开放性气胸", "C": "纵隔气肿", "D": "肺爆震伤"}, "answer": "张力性气胸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.颈2~3骨折脱位合并脊髓严重损伤(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即窒息死亡", "B": "上肢屈肘动作存在,伸肘及手的功能丧失,下肢瘫", "C": "下肢痉挛性瘫", "D": "下肢弛缓性瘫"}, "answer": "立即窒息死亡", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿出生1天,足月顺产,24小时内出现黄疸,嗜睡,吸吮无力,肝脾肿大较轻。2.拟对该患儿采用光照疗法,光照需多长时间可使血清胆红素下降(  )。", "options": {"A": "6~8小时", "B": "12~24小时", "C": "16~28小时", "D": "18~30小时"}, "answer": "12~24小时", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女孩10岁,发热2周,苍白,多汗,心悸,双膝关节痛肿,第一心音低钝,ASO增高,ESR增快。3.该患儿出院后预防性用药应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "长效青霉素", "B": "氯霉素", "C": "心律平", "D": "强的松"}, "answer": "长效青霉素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于头皮裂伤,下列哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "创口有脑组织外溢,须立即缝合头皮,变开放为闭合损伤", "B": "处置时着重检查有无颅骨和脑损伤", "C": "清创时限放宽至24小时", "D": "即使创口不大,出血也较多"}, "answer": "创口有脑组织外溢,须立即缝合头皮,变开放为闭合损伤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.大面积烧伤创面感染的致病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溶血性链球菌", "B": "铜绿假单胞菌", "C": "梭状芽胞杆菌", "D": "破伤风杆菌"}, "answer": "铜绿假单胞菌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,55岁。4个月前被自行车把撞伤上腹部,近4周来上腹隆起,进食后上腹胀满伴恶心、呕吐。查体:上腹部扪及18cm×12cm囊性肿块,钡餐透视见横结肠下移。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹膜后血肿", "B": "假性胰腺囊肿", "C": "结肠穿孔", "D": "脾包膜下血肿"}, "answer": "假性胰腺囊肿", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "枕先露行阴道助产时,确定胎位除注意囟门外,可作为依据的颅缝是(  )。", "options": {"A": "额缝", "B": "矢状缝", "C": "冠状缝", "D": "颞缝"}, "answer": "矢状缝", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "细菌细胞膜的功能主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "保护细菌抵抗低渗环境", "B": "物质转运、生物合成、分泌呼吸作用", "C": "抗有害物质的损害作用", "D": "黏附作用"}, "answer": "物质转运、生物合成、分泌呼吸作用", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,35岁。近3个月来经常感到不明原因的紧张、害怕,对生活中的琐事思虑多,自己不能控制,为此感到苦恼,坐立不安,主动就诊。患者存在的主要症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "恐惧症状", "B": "强迫症状", "C": "焦虑症状", "D": "强制思维"}, "answer": "焦虑症状", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "重型肝炎和肝硬化时腹水产生的原因,下述哪项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "肝细胞合成清蛋白减少", "B": "醛固酮增高", "C": "低钠", "D": "门脉高压"}, "answer": "低钠", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.预防肾病综合征肾静脉血栓形成使用(  )。", "options": {"A": "巯甲丙脯酸(卡托普利)", "B": "低分子肝素", "C": "呋塞米(速尿)", "D": "甲泼尼龙(甲基强的松龙)"}, "answer": "低分子肝素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "最有效预防麻疹的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用胎盘球蛋白", "B": "采用麻疹减毒活疫苗", "C": "应用免疫球蛋白", "D": "应用成人血浆"}, "answer": "采用麻疹减毒活疫苗", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项为目前心理测验中最常用的常模形式?(  )", "options": {"A": "均数", "B": "标准分", "C": "划界分", "D": "比率"}, "answer": "标准分", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于嗜铬细胞瘤以下哪项叙述不正确(  )。", "options": {"A": "嗜铬细胞瘤多位于肾上腺,也可位于腹腔内肾上腺外,甚至腹腔外", "B": "嗜铬细胞瘤可分泌肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素", "C": "嗜铬细胞瘤病人约半数病人伴有基础代谢率升高、体重减轻、高血糖及体位性低血压", "D": "嗜铬细胞瘤病人应首选β受体阻滞剂控制高血压"}, "answer": "嗜铬细胞瘤病人应首选β受体阻滞剂控制高血压", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "思维贫乏常见于下述哪一种疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "抑郁症", "B": "急性精神分裂症", "C": "慢性精神分裂症", "D": "神经衰弱"}, "answer": "慢性精神分裂症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,45岁。1天前进食较硬食物后突发呕血1次,约400ml,排黑色糊状便2次,每次量约200g,无腹痛。既往乙型肝炎病史14年,1年前曾发生类似呕血1次。查体:BP 105/65mmHg,皮下巩膜无黄染,腹软,无压痛,肝肋下未触及,脾肋下2cm,移动性浊音阴性,肠鸣音4~5次/分。实验室检查:Hb 95g/L,WBC 2.5×109/L,PLT 47×109/L。2.目前最有意义的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃镜", "B": "腹部CT", "C": "腹部B超", "D": "腹部MRI"}, "answer": "胃镜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "法洛四联症不应出现的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蹲踞", "B": "贫血", "C": "突然晕厥", "D": "杵状指(趾)"}, "answer": "贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "骨骼肌兴奋收缩耦联的耦联因子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Na+", "B": "DG", "C": "Mg2+", "D": "Ca2+"}, "answer": "Ca2+", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列有关DNA双螺旋结构的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "DNA双螺旋由两条以脱氧核糖-磷酸作为骨架的双链组成", "B": "DNA双螺旋以右手螺旋的方式围绕同一轴有规律地盘旋", "C": "两股单链从5′至3′端走向,在空间排列相同", "D": "两碱基之间的氢键是维持双螺旋横向稳定的主要化学键"}, "answer": "两股单链从5′至3′端走向,在空间排列相同", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "自身免疫病治疗原则中属于免疫调节的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "PG抑制制", "B": "淋巴因子", "C": "皮质激素", "D": "甲氨蝶呤"}, "answer": "淋巴因子", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "血培养阳性率甚高的化脓性脑膜炎多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "儿童", "B": "婴幼儿", "C": "学龄前", "D": "新生儿"}, "answer": "新生儿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "股骨下1/3骨折后远折端向后移位主要是由于哪个肌肉的牵拉?(  )", "options": {"A": "半腱肌", "B": "半膜肌", "C": "腓肠肌", "D": "股二头肌"}, "answer": "腓肠肌", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,55岁。糖尿病病史1年,服用二甲双胍治疗出现明显胃肠道反应,改为格列齐特缓释片30mg/天治疗6个月,复查空腹血糖6.5mmol/L,餐后2小时血糖10mmol/L,HbAlc 7.5%,时有午餐前心慌、出汗。查体:BP 150/90mmHg,双下肢水肿,BMI 30㎏/㎡。1.该患者心慌、出汗的原因最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低血糖", "B": "过敏反应", "C": "高血压", "D": "心律失常"}, "answer": "低血糖", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,40岁,病史2周,发热,皮肤出血点,骨髓原始细胞>80%,过氧化物酶(++),Auer小体(+),诊断最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性单核细胞白血病", "B": "急性粒细胞白血病", "C": "急性淋巴细胞白血病", "D": "急性红白血病急变"}, "answer": "急性粒细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下肢静脉曲张病人手术前应做的深静脉通畅试验,又称(  )。", "options": {"A": "Perthes试验", "B": "Pratt试验", "C": "Baerger试验", "D": "Finkelstem试验"}, "answer": "Perthes试验", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.缺乏细胞壁的原核细胞型微生物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒", "B": "支原体", "C": "螺旋体", "D": "真菌"}, "answer": "支原体", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.神经性呕吐(  )。", "options": {"A": "植物神经功能障碍,伴情绪不稳、易激惹", "B": "厌食可与贪食交替出现", "C": "为了减肥不吃主食,只吃菜或水果,直至体重达到满意程度", "D": "进食后即引吐,体重在正常平均体重值的80%以上"}, "answer": "进食后即引吐,体重在正常平均体重值的80%以上", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于医患关系,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "随着技术的进步,医患关系在很大程度上被物化了", "B": "医患关系的物化必然割裂了医生和患者的情感", "C": "医患关系的法制化趋势对医生的职业道德提出了越来越高的要求", "D": "医患之间的不协调的出现和增加在一定程度上说明了医患关系的民主化趋势"}, "answer": "医患关系的物化必然割裂了医生和患者的情感", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,32岁。婚后3年不孕,患者平素月经规律。妇科检查未发现异常,内分泌检查正常。造影示:双侧输卵管堵塞。适宜的辅助生育技术是(  )。", "options": {"A": "配子输卵管移植", "B": "胞质内单精子注射", "C": "体外受精与胚胎移植", "D": "人工授精"}, "answer": "体外受精与胚胎移植", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,27岁。孕38周,持续剧烈腹痛6小时入院。体格检查:贫血貌,血压130/80mmHg,脉搏120次/分,子宫硬,不松弛,有局限性压痛,胎位不清,胎心114次/分,阴道少量流血,肛查宫口未开。2.为明确诊断,最有意义的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎心监护", "B": "阴道检查", "C": "B超", "D": "腹腔镜检查"}, "answer": "B超", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列有关炎性渗出液的描述,哪项是错误的(  )。", "options": {"A": "液体比重高", "B": "外观清亮", "C": "细胞含量多", "D": "蛋白含量高"}, "answer": "外观清亮", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,55岁。上腹隐痛、皮肤巩膜黄染1个月,呈进行性加重,伴乏力、食欲不振。查体:T 36.5℃,P 80次/分,R 18次/分,BP 120/80mmHg。双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心率80次/分,心律齐,腹部膨隆,腹软,未触及包块,肠鸣音减弱。血CA199和CEA增高。为明确诊断和设计手术方案,最有意义的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部MRI", "B": "上消化道钡剂造影", "C": "腹部增强CT", "D": "ERCP"}, "answer": "腹部增强CT", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "在继发性主动转运过程中,驱动小管液葡萄糖进入肾小管上皮细胞的直接动力是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膜内外两侧的电位差", "B": "钠泵活动造成的膜两侧Na+浓度差", "C": "泵蛋白水解ATP释放的能量", "D": "同向转运体水解ATP释放的能量"}, "answer": "钠泵活动造成的膜两侧Na+浓度差", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,35岁。支气管哮喘30年,再发咳嗽伴喘息3天,吸入沙丁胺醇症状稍改善,1天来喘息加重。查体:R 32次/min,端坐呼吸,大汗,语不成句,口唇发绀,双肺呼吸音低,可闻及散在哮呜音,末闻及湿啰音,心率126次/min,有奇脉。1.应首选的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部X线", "B": "肺功能", "C": "动脉血气分析", "D": "肺部CT"}, "answer": "动脉血气分析", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "初产妇,29,G2P0,现妊娠35周。既往孕24周,脊柱裂胎儿而行引产1次。此次妊娠早期经过顺利,妊娠32周时超声检查发现羊水过多,胎儿大于妊娠周数,未见明显畸形。孕妇体态肥胖,近期有多饮、多食、多尿症状。4.该病对妊娠的影响不包括下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "胎儿畸形发生率增高", "B": "过期妊娠发生率增高", "C": "妊娠期高血压疾病发生率增高", "D": "围生儿死亡率增高"}, "answer": "过期妊娠发生率增高", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,32岁。左上腹被撞伤后钝痛1天,突发腹痛加重3小时。查体:P 140次/分,BP 60/45mmHg,面色苍白,四肢厥冷,双肺呼吸音清,心率140次/分,上腹中度压痛,肌紧张,移动性浊音(+)。腹腔穿刺抽出不凝血。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脾破裂", "B": "结肠破裂", "C": "小肠破裂", "D": "胃破裂"}, "answer": "脾破裂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.上述哪项为痛觉和温度觉传导通路的第三级神经元?(  )", "options": {"A": "丘脑腹中间核", "B": "延髓薄束核与楔束核", "C": "脊髓前角细胞", "D": "后根神经节"}, "answer": "丘脑腹中间核", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有一长期吸烟的病人,经常咳嗽,现以肺部感染入院,作痰涂片检查,发现脱落的气管黏膜上皮中有鳞状上皮,但细胞无异型性,此为(  )。", "options": {"A": "气管黏膜上皮鳞状化生", "B": "痰中混有口腔上皮", "C": "痰中混有食管上皮", "D": "气管黏膜上皮间变"}, "answer": "气管黏膜上皮鳞状化生", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "青年甲在筹备结婚过程中,连续多日劳累,患化脓性扁桃腺炎。医生在为其诊察中同时发现患有淋病。患者住院4天,扁桃腺炎痊愈出院,医生嘱其充分休息。按照母婴保健法,甲(  )。", "options": {"A": "应当暂缓结婚", "B": "不能结婚", "C": "可以结婚,治愈后可生育", "D": "不影响结婚生育"}, "answer": "应当暂缓结婚", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "IgA肾病发展过程中加重肾损害最重要的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "反复发作肉眼血尿", "B": "水肿", "C": "高血压", "D": "血清IgA水平升高"}, "answer": "高血压", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项不属于结缔组织型的自身免疫病(  )。", "options": {"A": "系统性红斑狼疮", "B": "皮肌炎", "C": "重症肌无力", "D": "硬皮病"}, "answer": "重症肌无力", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不能进入血液的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "狂犬病病毒", "B": "脊髓灰质炎病毒", "C": "登革病毒", "D": "人类免疫缺陷病毒"}, "answer": "狂犬病病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.接种过乙型肝炎疫苗或感染过乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)已完全康复者是(  )。", "options": {"A": "仅血清HBsAg阳性", "B": "血清HBsAg、HBeAg或抗-HBe阳性、抗-HBc阳性", "C": "血清抗-HBs和抗-HBc阳性,抗-HBe阴性或阳性", "D": "仅血清抗-HRs阳性"}, "answer": "仅血清抗-HRs阳性", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.为克服市场经济对医学服务产生的负面效应,要求临床医师(  )。", "options": {"A": "注意克服人—物—人的物化趋势", "B": "维护和尊重患者的知情同意权", "C": "正确处理同行关系", "D": "不能以医谋私"}, "answer": "不能以医谋私", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "26岁男性患者,有不洁性交史和吸毒史,近半年来出现体重下降、腹泻、发热,反复出现口腔真菌感染,初诊为AIDS。确诊时需要参考的主要检测指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "AIDS患者的补体", "B": "HIV相应的抗体", "C": "HIV相关的CD8+细胞", "D": "HIV相关的CD4+细胞"}, "answer": "HIV相应的抗体", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.肾细胞癌可出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "印戒细胞", "B": "透明细胞", "C": "组织细胞", "D": "嗜银细胞"}, "answer": "透明细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,15岁。双下肢水肿1个月。实验室检查:尿RBC 25~30/HP,尿蛋白定量3.9g/d,肾功能正常,血ALB 29g/L,抗核抗体(-),HBsAg阳性。肾脏病理提示膜性肾病。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "狼疮性肾炎", "B": "原发性肾病综合征", "C": "过敏性紫癜性肾炎", "D": "乙肝病毒相关性肾炎"}, "answer": "乙肝病毒相关性肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿9月,单纯母乳喂养(母亲不吃肉蛋类动物性食品),出现头发干枯,面色蜡黄,智能发育倒退,四肢颤抖,血红蛋白75g/L,考虑巨幼细胞性贫血。合理的治疗应该是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大剂量的叶酸口服", "B": "需要铁剂注射", "C": "以维生素B12治疗为主", "D": "叶酸加维生素C治疗为主"}, "answer": "以维生素B12治疗为主", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,25岁,发现血尿、蛋白尿2年。查体:BP 150/90mmHg,双下肢无水肿。实验室检查:尿蛋白定量0.5~0.8g/d,尿RBC 5~10/HP,血Cr 125μmol/L,血胆固醇6.0mmol/L。B超表示双肾大小正常。1.该患者最可能的临床诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾病综合征", "B": "无症状性蛋白尿和血尿", "C": "高血压肾病", "D": "慢性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "高血压肾病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "病人将医生的评价归之于早年生活中所接触到的权威人物所具有的品质过程,心理学中称之为(  )。", "options": {"A": "沟通", "B": "动机冲突", "C": "移情", "D": "反移情"}, "answer": "移情", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "睾丸内合成睾酮的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支持细胞", "B": "间质细胞", "C": "成纤维细胞", "D": "肌样细胞"}, "answer": "间质细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,65岁。活动后胸闷气短2年。查体:心尖部可闻及3/6级全收缩期吹风样杂音,向左腋下传导。最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺动脉狭窄", "B": "主动脉瓣关闭不伞", "C": "二尖瓣关闭不全", "D": "二尖瓣狭窄"}, "answer": "二尖瓣关闭不全", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.骨组织疾患可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "粉碎性骨折", "B": "病理性骨折", "C": "压缩性骨折", "D": "撕脱性骨折"}, "answer": "病理性骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不在蛋白质多肽链中出现的氨基酸是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋(甲硫)氨酸", "B": "胱氨酸", "C": "同型半胱氨酸", "D": "谷氨酰胺"}, "answer": "同型半胱氨酸", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "苯丙酮尿症造成体内苯丙氨酸堆积的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "酪氨酸缺乏", "B": "苯丙氨酸羟化酶缺乏", "C": "葡萄糖醛酸脱氢酶缺乏", "D": "谷草转氨酶缺乏"}, "answer": "苯丙氨酸羟化酶缺乏", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.艾里斯(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分析学派", "B": "行为主义学派", "C": "认知学派", "D": "心理生理学派"}, "answer": "认知学派", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "5岁男孩,发热10天,热型不定,伴刺激性咳嗽,咯出少量黏稠痰。查体:精神尚可,双肺呼吸粗糙及少许喘鸣音。X线显示肺门阴影明显的增浊。根据病情诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎", "C": "支原体肺炎", "D": "衣原体肺炎"}, "answer": "支原体肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "无包膜的病毒是(  )。", "options": {"A": "水痘-带状疱疹病毒", "B": "流行性乙型脑炎病毒", "C": "腺病毒", "D": "狂犬病病毒"}, "answer": "腺病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "血管壁异常所致出血的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内脏出血", "B": "迟发出血", "C": "皮肤黏膜出血", "D": "肌肉出血"}, "answer": "皮肤黏膜出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "依照我国《人体器官移植条例》,下列可以为其直系亲属捐献肾脏的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "27周岁的未婚男性", "B": "35周岁的严重智力低下患者", "C": "25周岁的乙肝患者", "D": "22周岁的精神病患者"}, "answer": "27周岁的未婚男性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.以不正当手段取得医师执业证书的(  )。", "options": {"A": "罚款", "B": "吊销其执业证书", "C": "承担民事赔偿责任", "D": "承担刑事责任"}, "answer": "吊销其执业证书", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.SLE可出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "面部皮肤对称性红斑", "B": "手关节天鹅颈样畸形", "C": "口腔、阴部溃疡", "D": "眼睑面阳性皮疹"}, "answer": "面部皮肤对称性红斑", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,10岁,阵发性腹痛、黑便2天,双下肢散在出血点,双膝关节肿胀,腹软,右下腹压痛。白细胞12.5×109/L,血小板200×109/L,血红蛋白lll319/L。尿常规:蛋白质(+),红细胞(+)/HP,颗粒管型0—3个/HP。2.其常见的病因中应除外(  )。", "options": {"A": "食物,如鱼、牛奶", "B": "细菌、病毒", "C": "某些药物", "D": "放射性物质"}, "answer": "放射性物质", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,30岁,半小时前从高处坠下,右股骨下端肿痛,腹部疼痛。查体:神志淡漠,股骨下端有成角畸形。2.该患者最后诊断为右股骨下1/3斜折,骨盆坐骨支及耻骨支骨折,3天后患者腹部症状消失,生命体征平衡,但出现右足背动脉搏动弱,足发凉,色苍白,此时应采用哪一种治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "手法复位、夹板固定", "B": "切开复位,内固定加探查血管", "C": "手法复位,石膏外固定", "D": "探查血管后,石膏外固定"}, "answer": "切开复位,内固定加探查血管", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,35岁,浙江人,一月前因捕鱼着凉,近日发热,体温38.5℃,腹泻稀便。查:无欲外观,周身可见荨麻疹,无黄疸,肝肋下1.0cm,脾肋下2.0cm。实验室检查白细胞15×109/L,嗜酸性粒细胞40%,其最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤寒", "B": "副伤寒", "C": "急性血吸虫病", "D": "粟粒性结核"}, "answer": "急性血吸虫病", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性垂体泌乳素瘤的典型临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "持续泌乳及头痛", "B": "月经稀发", "C": "体重增加并糖耐量减低", "D": "闭经泌乳"}, "answer": "闭经泌乳", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "用力牵拉肌肉时,肌张力突然降低的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌梭抑制", "B": "骨骼肌疲劳", "C": "协同肌兴奋", "D": "腱器官兴奋"}, "answer": "腱器官兴奋", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿5岁,因发热4天,伴咽痛、头痛、呕吐并出现不能站立行走来诊。体检T38℃,神志清,心肺无异常,左下肢肌力1级,膝、跟腱反射未引出,病理反射阴性,双下肢痛觉存在。3.该病人处理中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卧床休息,注意水、电解质平衡", "B": "用大剂量肾上腺皮质激素", "C": "可用退热止痛剂", "D": "急性期后加用加兰他敏"}, "answer": "用大剂量肾上腺皮质激素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于丙戊酸钠,下列叙述哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "为广谱抗癫痫药", "B": "对小发作优于乙琥胺,为治疗小发作的首选药物", "C": "对大发作疗效不及苯妥英钠", "D": "对精神运动性发作疗效近似卡马西平"}, "answer": "对小发作优于乙琥胺,为治疗小发作的首选药物", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "乳癌最常发生的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "外上象限", "B": "内上象限", "C": "外下象限", "D": "乳晕区"}, "answer": "外上象限", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "引起菌群失调症的原因是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "正常菌群寄生部位改变", "B": "正常菌群之间比例改变", "C": "正常菌群耐药性的改变", "D": "正常菌群遗传性状改变"}, "answer": "正常菌群之间比例改变", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿3岁,近1年多哭甚时出现青紫。查体:心前区隆起,胸骨左缘第3~4肋间可闻及4级收缩期杂音,可触及震预。X线检查示:左右心室及左房增大,肺血管影增多,肺动脉段凸出。1.此患儿最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "室间隔缺损", "B": "肺动脉狭窄", "C": "动脉导管未闭", "D": "法洛四联症"}, "answer": "室间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "晚发性矽肺指(  )。", "options": {"A": "接尘20年以上发生的矽肺", "B": "晚期发生的矽肺", "C": "接尘期间未发病,脱离矽尘作业若干时期发现的矽肺", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "接尘期间未发病,脱离矽尘作业若干时期发现的矽肺", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "妊娠期淋病治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "氟喹诺酮类", "B": "四环素类", "C": "头孢曲松", "D": "甲硝唑"}, "answer": "甲硝唑", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者张某在输血过程中出现输血反应,经治医师怀疑是溶血性输血反应,这时首先应采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即停止输血", "B": "做血常规检验", "C": "核对交叉配血试验记录", "D": "核对用血申请单"}, "answer": "立即停止输血", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列属于《母婴保健法》规定可以申请医学技术鉴定的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "对婚前医学检查结果有异议的", "B": "对婚前卫生咨询有异议的", "C": "对孕产期保健服务有异议的", "D": "对医学指导意见有异议的"}, "answer": "对婚前医学检查结果有异议的", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,56岁。5天前因急性心肌梗死收住院。今日查体:BP 110/80mmHg,S1低钝,心尖部可闻及3/6级收缩期杂音。1年前查体心脏无异常发现。出现心脏杂音的最可能原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "室壁瘤形成", "B": "乳头肌功能失调", "C": "急性感染性心内膜炎", "D": "心脏游离壁破裂"}, "answer": "乳头肌功能失调", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于肝硬化自发性腹膜炎,正确的描述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一般起病急,伴高热、寒战,剧烈腹痛,出现板状腹、反跳痛", "B": "易出现顽固性腹水", "C": "治疗时应加强利尿治疗", "D": "应进行腹水培养,根据培养结果有针对性地应用抗生素治疗"}, "answer": "易出现顽固性腹水", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.能反馈抑制ALA合酶的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "睾酮", "B": "血红素", "C": "血红蛋白", "D": "球蛋白"}, "answer": "血红素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,1岁。体重9kg,因发热、腹泻2d入院。精神委靡,皮肤弹性差,眼窝明显凹陷,四肢冰凉,尿极少。1.扩容应输注的液体组成是(  )。", "options": {"A": "0.9%氯化钠60m1,1.4%碳酸氢钠120ml", "B": "0.9%氯化钠80ml,1.4%碳酸氢钠100ml", "C": "0.9%氯化钠100ml,1.4%碳酸氢钠80ml", "D": "0.9%氯化钠120ml,1.4%碳酸氢钠60ml"}, "answer": "0.9%氯化钠120ml,1.4%碳酸氢钠60ml", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "每克脂肪彻底氧化后平均释放能量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "与糖的一样多", "B": "与蛋白质的一样多", "C": "比糖和蛋白质的多1倍", "D": "比糖和蛋白质的少一半"}, "answer": "比糖和蛋白质的多1倍", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "按照心身医学的观点,下列哪项属于心身疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "抑郁症", "B": "消化性溃疡", "C": "大叶性肺炎", "D": "精神发育迟滞"}, "answer": "消化性溃疡", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "同向性偏盲病损位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "视交叉", "B": "同侧视神经", "C": "对侧视束", "D": "对侧顶叶视辐射"}, "answer": "对侧视束", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一慢性呼衰患者,给予控制性给氧后,病情反而加重,且PaCO2上升到9.33kPa(70mmHg)。下列因素都不是氧疗失败的原因,但应除外哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "有严重贫血", "B": "气道有阻碍", "C": "氧中毒", "D": "心功能不全"}, "answer": "气道有阻碍", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.G-菌入血引起中毒症状称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "败血症", "B": "内毒素血症", "C": "脓毒血症", "D": "菌血症"}, "answer": "内毒素血症", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "细菌细胞壁特有的成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肽聚糖", "B": "外膜", "C": "脂蛋白", "D": "脂多糖"}, "answer": "肽聚糖", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在乙型脑炎的流行环节中,蚊子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中间宿主", "B": "储存宿主", "C": "传播媒介和储存宿主", "D": "传染源和储存宿主"}, "answer": "传播媒介和储存宿主", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "与病毒可能有关的人类肿瘤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鼻咽癌", "B": "Burkitt淋巴瘤", "C": "子宫颈癌", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.畸胎瘤多位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "前纵隔", "B": "前上纵隔", "C": "后纵隔", "D": "后上纵隔"}, "answer": "前纵隔", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述局麻药作用哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "阻断电压依赖性Na+通道", "B": "对静息状态的Na+通道作用最强", "C": "减慢冲动传导", "D": "延长不应期"}, "answer": "对静息状态的Na+通道作用最强", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "诊断职业中毒的前提和基本条件为(  )。", "options": {"A": "形成环境调查", "B": "接触有害物质的时间", "C": "职业史及劳动卫生条件", "D": "病理证实"}, "answer": "职业史及劳动卫生条件", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.胃溃疡病(  )。", "options": {"A": "溃疡直径超过2cm", "B": "溃疡底部正常胃壁结构被破坏", "C": "以上三项均有", "D": "以上三项均无"}, "answer": "溃疡底部正常胃壁结构被破坏", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.提高机体特异性免疫力的被动免疫是(  )。", "options": {"A": "注意营养,锻炼身体", "B": "彻底消毒疾病疫源地", "C": "广泛接种疫苗", "D": "注射抗毒素或丙种球蛋白"}, "answer": "注射抗毒素或丙种球蛋白", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "裸露病毒体的结构是(  )。", "options": {"A": "核酸+包膜", "B": "核心+衣壳+包膜", "C": "核衣壳+刺突", "D": "核心+衣壳"}, "answer": "核心+衣壳", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.延髓背外侧损害将出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "洋葱头样分布感觉障碍", "B": "末梢型分布感觉障碍", "C": "偏身感觉障碍", "D": "交叉性感觉障碍"}, "answer": "交叉性感觉障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.足月儿开始添加肉末、菜末的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "出生后10~12个月", "B": "出生后4~6个月", "C": "出生后7~9个月", "D": "出生后2周"}, "answer": "出生后7~9个月", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,38岁,口干,多饮,多尿3个月。查体:下颌前突,咬合困难,手脚粗大肥厚。实验室检查:空腹血糖7.2mmol/L,TG 3.0mmol/L,尿比重1.020,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖尿病", "B": "尿崩症", "C": "甲状腺功能减退症", "D": "肢端肥大症"}, "answer": "肢端肥大症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是脂性肾病的临床特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "中度血尿", "B": "高度选择性蛋白尿", "C": "轻度蛋白尿", "D": "轻度高血压"}, "answer": "高度选择性蛋白尿", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有一名颅内压增高病人,病情有加剧表现,处理的关键措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头颅CT,明确病变的性质和部位", "B": "20%甘露醇250ml,一日2次,静脉滴注", "C": "保持便通", "D": "限制水、盐入量"}, "answer": "头颅CT,明确病变的性质和部位", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.阿片受体拮抗剂是(  )。", "options": {"A": "喷他佐辛", "B": "曲马朵", "C": "芬太尼", "D": "纳洛酮"}, "answer": "纳洛酮", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对内分泌病人的诊断中,首先易于确定的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "病因诊断", "B": "细胞学诊断", "C": "功能诊断", "D": "鉴别诊断"}, "answer": "功能诊断", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于流感病毒及其致病性的描述,不正确的一项是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲型流感病毒易发生抗原转变,而使人群对新病毒株缺乏免疫力", "B": "丙型流感病毒不发生变异,抗原性稳定", "C": "流感病毒不能进行组织细胞培养,因此只能依靠血清学试验进行病原学诊断", "D": "流感病毒通过空气飞沫传播,主要引起呼吸道感染"}, "answer": "流感病毒不能进行组织细胞培养,因此只能依靠血清学试验进行病原学诊断", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,30岁,11月中旬发病,发热、全身痛、尿少,入院时发病5天。查体可见面部充血,结膜出血,皮下可见瘀点、瘀斑。经化验检查,最后确诊为肾综合征出血热。3.哪一脏器的出血危险性最大?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑", "B": "肾", "C": "肠", "D": "肺"}, "answer": "脑", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "《医疗事故处理条例》规定,造成患者轻度残疾、器官组织损伤导致一般功能障碍的属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "一级医疗事故", "B": "二级医疗事故", "C": "三级医疗事故", "D": "严重医疗差错"}, "answer": "三级医疗事故", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,男,3岁,近1个月来发热,面色渐苍白,多汗,易疲倦,近几日四肢大关节游走性疼痛。为确定是否为风湿性关节炎,医生做了一些检查,下述哪项提示有风湿性的可能?(  )", "options": {"A": "抗“O”", "B": "C反应蛋白", "C": "血沉", "D": "血常规"}, "answer": "抗“O”", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "确诊化脓性脑膜炎的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈项强直", "B": "全身性惊厥", "C": "头部CT检查", "D": "脑脊液中找到致病菌"}, "answer": "脑脊液中找到致病菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "营养性缺铁性贫血的预防措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "预防感染", "B": "注意饮食卫生", "C": "多晒太阳", "D": "及时添加含铁丰富的辅食"}, "answer": "及时添加含铁丰富的辅食", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有一名6岁男孩,3天前右额碰在桌子角上,当时能哭,现右额颞部头皮隆起,局部触之有12cm×12cm波动区,无神经系统定位症状,头颅CT片示右额颞头皮肿胀。2.处置应该是(  )。", "options": {"A": "加压包扎", "B": "局部不作处置", "C": "穿刺抽血+加压包扎", "D": "切开引流+加压包扎"}, "answer": "穿刺抽血+加压包扎", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,42岁。间断水肿2年,乏力2个月。查体:BP 155/100mmHg,心肺腹未见异常,下肢凹陷性水肿,实验室检查:尿RBC 20~25/HP,为异形红细胞,尿蛋白定量1.9g/d,血Hb 98g/L,Scr 202μmol/L,B超示双肾稍萎缩。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾病综合症", "B": "IgA肾病", "C": "慢性间质性肾炎", "D": "慢性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "慢性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列疾病中属于继发性肾小球疾病的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾小球肾炎", "B": "急进性肾炎", "C": "慢性肾小球肾炎", "D": "紫癜性肾炎"}, "answer": "紫癜性肾炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肝素的抗凝血作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直接灭活各种凝血因子", "B": "抑制凝血因子的合成", "C": "加速抗凝血酶Ⅲ灭活各种凝血因子的作用", "D": "抑制血小板聚集"}, "answer": "加速抗凝血酶Ⅲ灭活各种凝血因子的作用", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "6岁小儿,9月份因发热半日,呕吐2次,突然面色苍白,四肢发凉来诊。查体:T40℃,神志尚清,重病容,面灰,呼吸促,皮肤发花。血压4/0kPa,心率快,脑膜刺激征未引出,肛检便常规,白细胞20个/HP,红细胞10个/HP,诊断中毒型痢疾。1.中毒型痢疾发病中,主要的毒素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠毒素", "B": "内毒素", "C": "外毒素", "D": "细胞毒素"}, "answer": "内毒素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,32岁。右上肢逐渐无力半年,尿潴留4个月。查体:右上肢肌萎缩,肌力3级,左上肢肌力4级,双下肢肌力3~4级,双Babinski征(+);双上肢及肩背部痛觉消失,触觉存在。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "髓外硬膜外病变", "B": "髓内病变", "C": "后索病变", "D": "髓外硬膜内病变"}, "answer": "髓内病变", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.上腹痛向后腰部、左肩背部放射,腹胀,上腹部腹膜炎体征,血尿淀粉酶升高明显,可考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性胰腺炎", "B": "急性肠梗阻", "C": "急性胃肠炎", "D": "胆石症"}, "answer": "急性胰腺炎", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项不属于Ⅰ型超敏反应的疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "荨麻疹", "B": "呼吸道过敏反应", "C": "食物过敏反应", "D": "传染性变态反应"}, "answer": "传染性变态反应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "Meta分析中常见的偏倚不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "引用偏倚", "B": "文献库偏倚", "C": "失访偏倚", "D": "多次发表偏倚"}, "answer": "失访偏倚", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.患儿1岁,表情呆滞,眼距宽,舌常伸出口外,鼻梁宽平,毛发稀少,面部黏液性水肿,皮肤粗糙,躯干长,四肢短(  )。", "options": {"A": "21-三体综合征", "B": "18-三体综合征", "C": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症", "D": "黏多糖病"}, "answer": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "腰穿压颈试验不通畅,首先应考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性炎症性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病", "B": "脊髓占位性病变", "C": "重症肌无力", "D": "腔隙性梗死"}, "answer": "脊髓占位性病变", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "看到周围的楼房、树木、人物变得比正常时大许多是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人格解体", "B": "错觉", "C": "视物显大症", "D": "空间知觉障碍"}, "answer": "视物显大症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医学伦理学的学科性质是指它属(  )。", "options": {"A": "医德学", "B": "应用伦理学", "C": "道德哲学", "D": "生命伦理学"}, "answer": "应用伦理学", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "脑出血病人出现瞳孔不等大,昏迷加深,常提示的病变为(  )。", "options": {"A": "小脑扁桃体疝", "B": "颞叶钩回疝", "C": "小脑出血", "D": "脑叶出血"}, "answer": "颞叶钩回疝", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,34岁。车祸致伤。查体:骨盆挤压和分离试验阳性,下腹部压痛、腹肌紧张。对腹腔脏器损伤诊断最有价值的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部X线平片", "B": "腹部CT", "C": "腹腔穿刺", "D": "腹部B超"}, "answer": "腹腔穿刺", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项为中枢性与周围性面瘫的区别?(  )", "options": {"A": "前者额纹消失", "B": "后者多有舌前2/3味觉改变", "C": "前者眼睑闭合无力", "D": "前者口角下垂"}, "answer": "后者多有舌前2/3味觉改变", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于梅毒螺旋体及梅毒的描述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "梅毒螺旋体目前不能用培养基分离培养,也未证明它含有内毒素或分泌外毒素", "B": "一期梅毒为梅毒螺旋体侵入患者部位(外生殖器粘膜)出现无痛性硬性下疳,其传染性强,病原体检出率高", "C": "二期梅毒为一期梅毒患者暂时愈合2~3个月后,出现梅毒疹、全身淋巴结肿大等,此期传染性最强,且病原体检出率和血清学检查阳性率最高", "D": "胎儿对梅毒螺旋体不易感,孕妇患梅毒经胎盘垂直传播给胎儿的几率很低"}, "answer": "胎儿对梅毒螺旋体不易感,孕妇患梅毒经胎盘垂直传播给胎儿的几率很低", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "射血分数是下叙哪项的百分数?(  )", "options": {"A": "搏出量/体重", "B": "搏出量/心室舒张末期容积", "C": "心排血量/体重", "D": "心排血量/心室舒张末期容积"}, "answer": "搏出量/心室舒张末期容积", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,20岁,骑车被撞伤2h入院,体检:神志清楚,左小腿肿胀、压痛.左膝下7cm处畸形,表现为左小腿短缩、重叠,皮肤破裂口长11cm,左足发凉,左侧足背动脉搏动消失。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左胫骨上1/3骨折并左胫后动脉损伤", "B": "左胫骨上1/3骨折并左胫前动脉损伤", "C": "左小腿骨折合并血管损伤", "D": "左胫骨骨折合并骨筋膜室综合征"}, "answer": "左胫骨上1/3骨折并左胫前动脉损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "28岁男性,高处坠下时,左小腿肿胀、压痛,膝下8cm处成角畸形,小腿短缩,胫骨前侧有10cm,皮肤裂口,足背动脉搏动消失,正确的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左胫骨上l/3开放性骨折伴动脉损伤", "B": "左胫骨上1/3骨折伴静脉血管损伤", "C": "左胫骨上l/3骨折伴骨筋膜室综合征", "D": "左胫骨上1/3开放性骨折伴胫后神经损伤"}, "answer": "左胫骨上l/3开放性骨折伴动脉损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.诊断糖尿病最常用的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿糖", "B": "胰岛素释放试验", "C": "葡萄糖耐量试验", "D": "糖化血红蛋白"}, "answer": "葡萄糖耐量试验", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "24岁男性,3小时前车祸致左股骨上段骨折,骨端外露,X线片示为小斜折,此时该患的最佳治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "清创缝合,骨折待二期处理", "B": "清创,骨折复位,髓针内固定加外固定", "C": "清创缝合,夹板固定", "D": "清创缝合,石膏固定"}, "answer": "清创,骨折复位,髓针内固定加外固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "早期膝关节滑膜结核,除全身治疗及局部制动外,局部治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "关节融合术", "B": "关节腔持续抗结核药物滴入冲洗吸引两周", "C": "关节腔抗结核药物注入,每周1~2次,3个月为一疗程", "D": "局部物理治疗"}, "answer": "关节腔抗结核药物注入,每周1~2次,3个月为一疗程", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对感染艾滋病病毒的孕产妇无偿提供预防艾滋病母婴传播的服务是(  )。", "options": {"A": "无偿用血", "B": "终止妊娠", "C": "产前指导", "D": "基因诊断"}, "answer": "产前指导", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于烧伤面积的叙述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新九分法将体表面积分成11个9%", "B": "新九分法主要适用成人", "C": "一个手掌为体表面积的2%", "D": "临床上判断烧伤面积,Ⅰ度不计算在内"}, "answer": "一个手掌为体表面积的2%", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.辅助诊断炭疽的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肥达试验", "B": "冷凝集试验", "C": "Ascolis试验", "D": "抗链O试验"}, "answer": "Ascolis试验", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩,孕36周出生。出生体重2000g,生后1天,吸吮欠佳。睾丸未降,皮肤毳毛多。1.判断该患儿应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "超低体重儿", "B": "早产儿", "C": "足月儿", "D": "足月小样儿"}, "answer": "早产儿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男婴,3天。不吃、不哭、反应差,肛温33℃。双下肢皮肤硬肿,暂不能进食,需经静脉给予热量补充。初始量每日为(  )。", "options": {"A": "40kcal/kg", "B": "60kcal/kg", "C": "50kcal/kg", "D": "70kcal/kg"}, "answer": "50kcal/kg", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "给恋物癖者电击的疗法属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "家庭脱敏", "B": "厌恶疗法", "C": "松弛疗法", "D": "自由联想"}, "answer": "厌恶疗法", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,18岁,学生,近1年来出现反复洗手,每次洗手时间可达30min,对做过的题目不放心,反复检查,以致耽搁考试时间,明知无需如此,却不能自控,为此苦恼不堪,当被阻止其洗手或检查时,即出现烦躁不安。1.该病人的诊断考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "神经衰弱", "B": "强迫症", "C": "焦虑症", "D": "躁狂发作"}, "answer": "强迫症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.A群链球菌产生(  )。", "options": {"A": "红疹毒素", "B": "细胞毒素", "C": "肠毒素", "D": "内毒素"}, "answer": "红疹毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.肩关节脱位(  )。", "options": {"A": "餐叉样畸形", "B": "下肢短缩、外旋畸形", "C": "腕下垂", "D": "Dugas征阳性"}, "answer": "Dugas征阳性", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于涉及人体的临床医学研究,下列描述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "必须在开始之前提交伦理委员会审查", "B": "必须在开始之后提交伦理委员会审查", "C": "必须在完成之后提交伦理委员会进行监督", "D": "只要遵守国际国内准则就无须提交伦理委员会审查"}, "answer": "必须在开始之前提交伦理委员会审查", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,34岁。2个月来无痛性颈淋巴结肿大,间断发热3个月,体检:脾肋下4cm。4.此患者首选的治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脾切除", "B": "放射治疗", "C": "化疗", "D": "免疫抑制剂治疗"}, "answer": "化疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "髌骨软骨软化症的治疗原则哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "股四头肌锻炼", "B": "物理治疗", "C": "非甾体类抗炎药", "D": "所有病例均需手术治疗"}, "answer": "所有病例均需手术治疗", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,25岁。低热、腹痛2个月,尿少、腹围增加1周,查体:腹部弥漫压痛(+),揉面感,移动性浊音阳性。1.对该患者诊断最有意义的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血常规及血沉", "B": "肾功能", "C": "腹腔穿刺", "D": "尿常规"}, "answer": "腹腔穿刺", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.肾结石2.0cm,首选治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体外冲击波碎石", "B": "经输尿管碎石", "C": "腹腔镜下取石或开放性手术取石", "D": "药物治疗及大量饮水"}, "answer": "体外冲击波碎石", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "情绪可通过下列哪些系统的生理反应对人体健康产生影响?(  )", "options": {"A": "神经系统、循环系统和泌尿系统", "B": "呼吸系统、循环系统和泌尿系统", "C": "呼吸系统、循环系统和免疫系统", "D": "神经系统、内分泌系统和免疫系统"}, "answer": "神经系统、内分泌系统和免疫系统", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿腹泻应用2:1等张含钠液的适应证是(  )。", "options": {"A": "重度或中度脱水有明显周围循环障碍者", "B": "补充生理需要量", "C": "补充继续损失量", "D": "高渗性脱水"}, "answer": "重度或中度脱水有明显周围循环障碍者", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,50岁。常规体检胸部X线片示双肺纹理增粗紊乱,既往体健,吸烟20余年。行肺功能检查示FEV1/FVC 68.5%;FEV1占预计值的68%,支气管舒张试验FEV1改善2.5%(30m1)。该患者首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病", "B": "阻塞性肺气肿", "C": "支气管哮喘", "D": "慢性支气管炎"}, "answer": "慢性阻塞性肺疾病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肝素过量引起的自发性出血的对抗药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硫酸鱼精蛋白", "B": "维生素K", "C": "氨甲苯酸", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "硫酸鱼精蛋白", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "第一心音的产生主要是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "半月瓣关闭", "B": "主动脉瓣关闭", "C": "房室瓣关闭", "D": "房室瓣开放"}, "answer": "房室瓣关闭", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有一名53岁男患者,入院前3小时突然剧烈头痛伴呕吐,CT检查后入院,入院检查意识清,痛苦病容,四肢肌张力肌力改变不明显,项强直(+),头CT脑沟脑池有高密度影像,眼底检查玻璃体膜下片状出血。2.最多的出血来源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑血管畸形", "B": "颅内动脉瘤", "C": "烟雾病", "D": "脑肿瘤卒中"}, "answer": "颅内动脉瘤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,54岁。发热、胸痛伴心包摩擦音,曾用非激素类抗炎药。3周后呼吸困难加重,心率110次/分,律齐,心音遥远,血压90/70mmHg,肝大,下肢水肿。3.首选的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛花苷丙(西地兰)", "B": "呋塞米(速尿)", "C": "心包穿刺", "D": "扩血管"}, "answer": "心包穿刺", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,69岁。动作缓慢、走路前倾小步2年,伴手部震颤。查体:对答切题而具体,四肢肌力正常,肌张力增高,头颅CT未见明显异常。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "亚急性脊髓联合变性", "B": "帕金森病", "C": "进行性脊髓萎缩症", "D": "脊髓空洞症"}, "answer": "帕金森病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗癫痫小发作的首选药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙琥胺", "B": "苯巴比妥", "C": "扑米酮", "D": "苯妥英钠"}, "answer": "乙琥胺", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.易出现皮肤出血点、瘀斑(  )。", "options": {"A": "B族溶血性链球菌脑膜炎", "B": "脑膜炎双球菌脑膜炎", "C": "流感嗜血杆菌脑膜炎", "D": "真菌性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "脑膜炎双球菌脑膜炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.良性高血压病(  )。", "options": {"A": "细动脉壁玻璃样变性", "B": "夹层动脉瘤形成", "C": "冠状动脉粥样硬化", "D": "细动脉壁纤维素样坏死"}, "answer": "细动脉壁玻璃样变性", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "13岁女性,2年前起病,于生气后突然大叫一声,随之倒地呼之不应,牙关紧闭,双眼上视,头颈后仰,四肢抽搐,无二便失禁,无舌咬伤。发作停止后对整个过程不能回忆,未给予特殊处置,照常上学。2个月后于夜间入睡后又出现抽搐,有小便失禁。抽搐停止后,突然起床冲出门外,无目的漫游,呼之不应,冲动毁物,持续2小时后恢复清醒,对经过全无记忆。此后反复有类似发作,平均每月3次。1.最可能见到异常的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CT", "B": "心理测试", "C": "MRI", "D": "EEG"}, "answer": "EEG", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.3岁儿头围、70cm,前囟未闭,颅缝0.5cm,“落日眼”征阳性可考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑积水", "B": "小头畸形", "C": "智力低下", "D": "硬膜下积液"}, "answer": "脑积水", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,4岁。因反复低热、咳嗽和盗汗15天就诊。查体:T 37.5℃,右眼球结膜充血,内眦部有一疱疹,咽部充血,右颈部可触及黄豆大小淋巴结,无明显压痛,心、肺无异常,肝肋下1.5cm,血WBC 5.6×109/L,L 0.70。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核感染", "B": "支原体感染", "C": "急性上呼吸道感染", "D": "支气管异物"}, "answer": "结核感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪种肾炎不能引起肾病综合征(  )。", "options": {"A": "轻微病变性肾小球肾炎", "B": "膜性肾小球肾炎", "C": "慢性肾盂肾炎", "D": "系膜增生性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "慢性肾盂肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,62岁。皮肤黄染进行性加重1个月。伴上腹胀、隐痛,食欲差、乏力,10天前感皮肤瘙痒,大便呈陶土样。查体:消瘦,巩膜黄染,腹部稍胀,无明显压痛。未触及包块,胆囊无肿大。血AFP 5μg/L。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝门部胆管癌", "B": "胆囊癌", "C": "肝癌", "D": "胰头癌"}, "answer": "肝门部胆管癌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,8岁,枕部着地,昏迷5分钟后清醒,并自己回到家中,其后出现头痛并呈逐渐加重伴呕吐,1小时后不省人事,急送医院。查体:BP 130/90mmHg,P 65次/分,R 15次/分。浅昏迷,右枕部头皮挫伤,左侧瞳孔4mm,对光反应消失;右侧瞳孔2.5mm,对光反应存在。3.引起病人浅昏迷、左侧瞳孔散大最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "枕骨大孔疝", "B": "小脑幕切迹疝", "C": "颈髓损伤", "D": "右侧视神经损害"}, "answer": "小脑幕切迹疝", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.粪链球菌引起的尿路感染,清洁中段尿培养,有临床诊断意义的最低菌落计数为(  )。", "options": {"A": "<1000/ml", "B": "1000/ml", "C": "5×104/ml", "D": "105/ml"}, "answer": "1000/ml", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.以严重的症状和轻微的腹部体征不相称为其特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "嵌顿性股疝", "B": "急性乙状结肠扭转", "C": "急性肠套叠", "D": "肠系膜上动脉栓塞"}, "answer": "肠系膜上动脉栓塞", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,65岁,低热伴右侧腹痛不适半年。查体:贫血貌,右侧中腹部扪及6cm×4cm质硬肿块,可推动,压痛不明显。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "盲肠套叠", "B": "右肾肿瘤", "C": "升结肠癌", "D": "阑尾周围脓肿"}, "answer": "升结肠癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.用酒精给高热病人擦浴是增加(  )。", "options": {"A": "辐射散热", "B": "传导散热", "C": "对流散热", "D": "蒸发散热"}, "answer": "蒸发散热", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列提示主动脉瓣关闭不全的脉搏是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脱落脉", "B": "奇脉", "C": "水冲脉", "D": "短绌脉"}, "answer": "水冲脉", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,30岁。因下肢水肿2周就诊。体检:血压27/13kPa(200/100mmHg),尿蛋白(+++)、红细胞10~15个/HP,血Cr 150μmol/L,血白蛋白32g/L。6.根据假设信息的诊断给予糖皮质激素治疗8周,病情无好转,应考虑的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "延长激素疗程", "B": "加用细胞毒药物", "C": "减少激素剂量", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "延长激素疗程", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某患者自觉左侧肢体似有蚂蚁爬行,此种感觉障碍称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "感觉倒错", "B": "感觉过度", "C": "感觉异常", "D": "感觉减退"}, "answer": "感觉异常", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列属于副交感神经作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "瞳孔扩大", "B": "糖原分解加强", "C": "逼尿肌收缩", "D": "骨骼肌血管舒张"}, "answer": "逼尿肌收缩", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.骨盆入口呈扁椭圆形,骶骨变直向后翘或深弧形,耻骨弓宽,属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "女型骨盆", "B": "男型骨盆", "C": "扁平型骨盆", "D": "类人猿型骨盆"}, "answer": "扁平型骨盆", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "进入第二产程的主要标志是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎头拨露", "B": "胎头着冠", "C": "外阴膨隆", "D": "宫口开大10cm"}, "answer": "宫口开大10cm", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,7个月,早产1个月,出生体重2.0kg,一直母乳喂养,目前体重8kg,近日发现小儿易惊,睡眠少,出汗多,查体:有方颅,前卤大,肋骨串珠。1.初步诊断应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "营养不良", "B": "软骨发育不良", "C": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病", "D": "维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症"}, "answer": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是特异性细胞免疫的效应细胞?(  )", "options": {"A": "Th1细胞和Th0细胞", "B": "Th1细胞和CTL细胞", "C": "Th2细胞和CTL细胞", "D": "Th2细胞和Th3细胞"}, "answer": "Th1细胞和CTL细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.肾小球改变不明显,肾小管上皮细胞内有大量脂质沉积(  )。", "options": {"A": "膜性肾小球病", "B": "急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎", "C": "微小病变性肾小球肾炎", "D": "膜性增生性肾小球肾炎"}, "answer": "微小病变性肾小球肾炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "公民临床用血时交付的与用血有关的费用不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "血液采集费", "B": "血液储存费", "C": "献血员补偿费", "D": "血液分离费"}, "answer": "献血员补偿费", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对ABO血型系统的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "AB型血的血清中含有抗A和抗B凝集素", "B": "AB型血的红细胞上有A凝集原和B凝集原", "C": "A型血的血清中有抗B凝集素", "D": "O型血的红细胞上不含凝集原"}, "answer": "AB型血的血清中含有抗A和抗B凝集素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,46岁,湖北农民。肝功能反复异常10余年。1个月来出现腹胀,尿黄。查体:面色晦暗,巩膜黄染,见肝掌及蜘蛛痣,腹水征(+)。实验室检查:ALT 180U/L,TBil 37μmol/L,PTA 60%,HBsAg(-),抗HCV(-)。肝脏最可能的病理变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝脏呈干线状纤维化,肝脏表面有大小不等的结节", "B": "肝细胞水肿,有大量炎症细胞浸润", "C": "肝细胞亚大块坏死", "D": "肝细胞水肿,假小叶形成"}, "answer": "肝脏呈干线状纤维化,肝脏表面有大小不等的结节", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述生活事件中,哪项属于正性生活事件?(  )", "options": {"A": "坐牢", "B": "结婚", "C": "夫妻分居", "D": "子女离家"}, "answer": "结婚", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.心脏内传导速度最快的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "窦房结", "B": "心室肌", "C": "房室交界", "D": "浦肯野纤维"}, "answer": "浦肯野纤维", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "侧卧位腰穿测量的正常颅压是(  )。", "options": {"A": "80~180mmH2O", "B": "80~180mmHg", "C": "40~80mmHg", "D": "180~240mmH2O"}, "answer": "80~180mmH2O", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列情况,哪一项不是造成高钾血症的原因?(  )", "options": {"A": "服用含钾药物", "B": "输入大量库存血", "C": "糖皮质激素分泌不足", "D": "急性肾衰"}, "answer": "糖皮质激素分泌不足", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "典型麻疹出疹顺序是(  )。", "options": {"A": "先见于耳后、颈部、发际边缘,渐延及面部、躯干、四肢", "B": "先见于四肢,渐出现于躯干、面部", "C": "先见于躯干,渐延及四肢、面部", "D": "先见于手足,渐延及四肢、躯干、面部"}, "answer": "先见于耳后、颈部、发际边缘,渐延及面部、躯干、四肢", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.受副交感神经支配,可导致膀胱逼尿肌收缩的受体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "α受体", "B": "β2受体", "C": "M受体", "D": "N受体"}, "answer": "M受体", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "免疫是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "机体识别排除抗原性异物的功能", "B": "机体抗感染的功能", "C": "机体清除自身衰老、死亡细胞的功能", "D": "机体对病原微生物的防御能力"}, "answer": "机体识别排除抗原性异物的功能", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "Homer综合征表现不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "眼睑膜充血及面部无汗", "B": "眼裂狭小", "C": "眼球内陷", "D": "瞳孔对光反应消失"}, "answer": "瞳孔对光反应消失", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.肉芽组织机化形成瘢痕属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "代偿性肥大", "B": "代偿性增生", "C": "内分泌性增大", "D": "病理性增生"}, "answer": "病理性增生", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于毛果芸香碱对眼调节作用的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "睫状肌收缩、悬韧带放松、晶状体变扁平", "B": "睫状肌收缩、悬韧带放松、晶状体变凸", "C": "睫状肌松弛、悬韧带放松、晶状体变凸", "D": "睫状肌松弛、悬韧带拉紧、晶状体变扁平"}, "answer": "睫状肌收缩、悬韧带放松、晶状体变凸", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有一男性病人,手术切除皮下结节状肿物,有完整包膜,切面为灰白色,有纹理,质地硬韧。镜下见呈束状排列的胶原纤维走行交错,细胞核多为梭形,但无异型性表现,此瘤最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤维瘤", "B": "瘤样纤维组织增生", "C": "纤维组织细胞瘤", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "纤维瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "开放性骨折处理正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "用毛刷洗刷创口内污染的骨质", "B": "失去活力的大块肌肉组织可以部分保留", "C": "已污染的骨膜应完全切除", "D": "游离污染的小骨片应该去除"}, "answer": "游离污染的小骨片应该去除", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5岁患儿,7月15日开始发热,38~39℃4天,伴头痛、恶心、呕吐一次,次日稀便3次,精神不振,抽搐一次。体检:急性热病容,嗜睡状,颈强(+),克氏征(++),血常规检查:WBC 15.0×109/L,脑脊液为无色透明,白细胞数100×106/L,中性80%。2.该患儿住院2天后,高热不退,反复抽搐,意识不清,呼吸节律不规整,双侧瞳孔不等大,此时重要的抢救措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即应用脱水剂甘露醇", "B": "立即应用呼吸兴奋剂", "C": "立即应用地塞米松", "D": "立即应用镇静剂"}, "answer": "立即应用脱水剂甘露醇", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "8岁男孩,左膝肿痛,急骤加剧,活动剧痛,伴有高热。检查左膝关节明显红、肿、热及压痛。X残片示关节间隙增宽,其诊断首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "膝关节结核", "B": "风湿性关节炎", "C": "类风湿膝关节炎", "D": "化脓性关节炎"}, "answer": "化脓性关节炎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,24岁。停经45d,诊断为早期妊娠。在行负压吸宫术时,突然出现面色苍白、出汗、头晕、胸闷,体检血压80/50mmHg,心率40/min。2.恰当的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "超声监护下继续人工流产操作", "B": "静脉注射阿托品0.5mg", "C": "肌内注射缩宫素20U", "D": "立刻行剖腹探查"}, "answer": "静脉注射阿托品0.5mg", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "慢性乙型肝炎,病情稳定,近10天突然出现乏力、腹胀、食欲缺乏,化验肝功ALT 300U/L,胆红素56p,mol/L,HBsAg(+),抗Hbe(+),抗HDV.IgM(+),应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性迁延性肝炎", "B": "肝炎后肝硬化", "C": "慢性乙、丁型肝炎重叠感染", "D": "慢性乙、戊型肝炎重叠感染"}, "answer": "慢性乙、丁型肝炎重叠感染", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "麻疹出疹一般在发热后的(  )。", "options": {"A": "1~2d", "B": "3~4d", "C": "5~6d", "D": "7~10d"}, "answer": "3~4d", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,25岁,反酸伴黑粪1个月余,体重无明显变化,查体:贫血貌,腹软,无压痛、反跳痛,肝、脾肋下未及。2.最有可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃溃疡并出血", "B": "十二指肠溃疡并出血", "C": "食管一胃底静脉曲张破裂出血", "D": "胃癌"}, "answer": "十二指肠溃疡并出血", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "休克扩容后,出现下列哪项应警惕肾衰竭?(  )", "options": {"A": "尿少,CVP高,血压低", "B": "尿少,CVP正常,血压正常", "C": "尿少,CVP低.血压正常", "D": "尿少,CVP正常,血压低"}, "answer": "尿少,CVP正常,血压正常", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "诊断肾结核最可靠的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿中找到抗酸杆菌", "B": "尿培养结核菌阳性", "C": "尿中有大量脓细胞", "D": "输精管串珠样改变"}, "answer": "尿培养结核菌阳性", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肱骨外科颈骨折的分型不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "无移位型", "B": "外展型", "C": "中间型", "D": "粉碎型"}, "answer": "中间型", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肽键平面元素组成的特点可以是(  )。", "options": {"A": "C-C-N-C", "B": "C-N-N-C", "C": "C-C-C-N", "D": "N-C-C-N"}, "answer": "C-C-N-C", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "重症肌无力属哪一种疾病?(  )", "options": {"A": "遗传性疾病", "B": "神经本身病变的疾病", "C": "神经—肌肉接头传递障碍性疾病", "D": "肌肉本身病变的疾病"}, "answer": "神经—肌肉接头传递障碍性疾病", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.几乎全身多脏器均可受累的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性甲状腺炎", "B": "Graves病", "C": "SLE", "D": "类风湿关节炎"}, "answer": "SLE", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.复杂部分性发作首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "丙戊酸钠", "B": "卡马西平", "C": "苯妥英钠", "D": "ACTH"}, "answer": "卡马西平", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3岁男孩,自幼喂养困难,易患肺炎。体检:胸骨左缘3、4肋间闻及4/6级全收缩期杂音,传导广泛,伴有震颤,P2亢进,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "动脉导管未闭", "D": "风湿性心肌炎"}, "answer": "室间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "血液凝固内源性与外源性途径最主要的差别是(  )。", "options": {"A": "因子X的激活过程", "B": "纤维蛋白形成过程", "C": "凝血酶激活过程", "D": "是否有血小板参与"}, "answer": "因子X的激活过程", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.胸导管阻塞或破裂所致的胸腔积液为(  )。", "options": {"A": "渗出液", "B": "脓性胸水", "C": "血性胸水", "D": "乳糜性胸水"}, "answer": "乳糜性胸水", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.上述哪项具有细胞溶解作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "C1-C3", "B": "C1-C4", "C": "C3B", "D": "C3a"}, "answer": "C1-C3", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3个月婴儿,每日供给的热量为100kcal/kg,需要蛋白质、脂肪、糖类分别占总热量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "蛋白质15%、脂肪50%、糖类35%", "B": "蛋白质35%、脂肪15%、糖类50%", "C": "蛋白质15%、脂肪35%、糖类50%", "D": "蛋白质50%、脂肪15%、糖类35%"}, "answer": "蛋白质15%、脂肪35%、糖类50%", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,44岁。患Ⅱ度子宫脱垂伴阴道前后壁明显膨出。3个月前患乙型肝炎住院治疗50天,要求给予避孕指导。最适宜的避孕措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "外用避孕药膜", "B": "宫内节育器", "C": "安全期避孕", "D": "男用阴茎套"}, "answer": "男用阴茎套", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,28岁,头昏乏力3个月,偶有牙龈出血。体查:贫血貌,浅表淋巴结及肝脾不大。骨髓增生低下,巨核细胞未见,淋巴细胞相对增多。下列治疗不当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脾切除对部分病人可以有效", "B": "避免使用皮质激素", "C": "异基因骨髓移植最有效", "D": "雄激素可损害肝功能"}, "answer": "避免使用皮质激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.化脓性脑膜炎的脑脊液改变(  )。", "options": {"A": "白细胞5×106/L,淋巴细胞为主,蛋白0.3g/L,糖3.5mmol/L", "B": "白细胞50×106/L,淋巴细胞为主,蛋白0.8g/L,糖1.5mmol/L", "C": "白细胞2000×106/L,中性粒细胞为主,蛋白1g/L,糖1.5mmol/L", "D": "白细胞50×106/L,淋巴细胞为主,蛋白0.8g/L,糖3.5mmol/L"}, "answer": "白细胞2000×106/L,中性粒细胞为主,蛋白1g/L,糖1.5mmol/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,78岁。反复咳嗽、咳痰40年,加重2周,突发剧烈干咳、呼吸困难1小时。脑梗死6年。三凹征(+),双肺散在哮鸣音。其呼吸困难最主要的原因可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "气管异物", "B": "支气管扩张", "C": "大面积肺栓塞", "D": "支气管哮喘急性发作"}, "answer": "气管异物", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.单位时间内消除恒定的量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "清除率", "B": "消除速率常数", "C": "零级动力学消除", "D": "一级动力学消除"}, "answer": "零级动力学消除", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "诊断肾癌最常见的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾穿刺活检", "B": "IVU", "C": "KUB", "D": "CT(平扫+增强)"}, "answer": "CT(平扫+增强)", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,34岁,1年来情绪激动、失眠、心悸、疲乏、消瘦、话多、动作多、注意力不集中、突眼,诊断为甲状腺功能亢进所致精神障碍,下列哪项治疗原则是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "积极治疗原发病", "B": "防止感染", "C": "禁用精神药物", "D": "心理治疗"}, "answer": "禁用精神药物", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.腺苷酸环化酶位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞膜", "B": "细胞核", "C": "线粒体", "D": "内质网"}, "answer": "细胞膜", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列属于完全性再生的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心肌梗死灶的修复", "B": "脑梗死的修复", "C": "肝细胞灶状坏死的修复", "D": "胃溃疡的修复"}, "answer": "肝细胞灶状坏死的修复", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于戒断综合征一般的表现哪项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "幻觉或错觉", "B": "情绪改变", "C": "判断力增强", "D": "失眠"}, "answer": "判断力增强", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "体内两条电子传递链分别以不同递氢体起始,经呼吸链最后将电子传递给氧,生成水。下列哪项是这两条电子传递链的交叉点?(  )", "options": {"A": "cytc", "B": "FMN", "C": "FAD", "D": "CoQ"}, "answer": "CoQ", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对医德慎独的正确理解不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "医师独处时严格要求自己", "B": "医师对自己的孤独性格必须慎重对待", "C": "“君子慎其独也”", "D": "一种重要的医德修养方法"}, "answer": "医师对自己的孤独性格必须慎重对待", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "室间隔缺损,房间隔缺损,动脉导管未闭及法洛四联症,上述的先天性心脏病患儿平时最常见的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎", "B": "心律失常", "C": "喉返神经麻痹", "D": "感染性心内膜炎"}, "answer": "肺炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,30岁,1个月前因周期性发热,颈部、腋下、腹股沟淋巴结肿大,肝肋下2cm,脾肋下3cm。目前应做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸部X线摄片", "B": "免疫球蛋白测定", "C": "淋巴结活检", "D": "骨髓象检查"}, "answer": "骨髓象检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "铁剂治疗缺铁性贫血应服用至(  )。", "options": {"A": "Hb正常后", "B": "网织红细胞计数达高峰即可", "C": "网织红细胞和Hb达正常水平", "D": "Hb达正常水平后2个月左右"}, "answer": "Hb达正常水平后2个月左右", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "叶某,男,25岁,边缘性人格障碍患者,在治疗过程中向医生透露准备杀害自己的某一同事的计划,同时要求医生为他保密。此时,医生怎样做才最合乎医德要求?(  )", "options": {"A": "绝对为病人保守秘密,不告诉任何人", "B": "向有关部门及时反映可能出现的危险情况", "C": "跟踪病人的行踪,亲自阻止病人实施计划", "D": "以上都不对"}, "answer": "向有关部门及时反映可能出现的危险情况", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,40岁,近10天内发生5次乳头血性溢液,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺囊性增生", "B": "乳腺癌", "C": "乳腺纤维瘤", "D": "导管内乳头状瘤"}, "answer": "导管内乳头状瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,女,55岁,10年来主要因丈夫有外遇,夫妻感情不佳,总想离婚,但又总舍不得孩子,又怕丢面子,来到心理咨询门诊,想问心理咨询师,离婚还是不离婚好?此时心理咨询师最应注意采用的原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "回避原则", "B": "中立原则", "C": "耐心原则", "D": "灵活原则"}, "answer": "中立原则", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项不是消化性溃疡的手术适应证?(  )", "options": {"A": "大出血内科治疗无效", "B": "急性穿孔", "C": "水肿性幽门梗阻", "D": "胃溃疡疑有癌变"}, "answer": "水肿性幽门梗阻", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "单纯机械性肠梗阻腹痛最主要的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "持续性隐痛", "B": "持续性绞痛", "C": "间歇性隐痛", "D": "阵发性绞痛"}, "answer": "阵发性绞痛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.体征以实变为主的肺炎是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎", "B": "革兰阴性杆菌肺炎", "C": "腺病毒肺炎", "D": "肺炎支原体肺炎"}, "answer": "腺病毒肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "看到周围的人及动物、树木像木偶戏一样均变小了是(  )。", "options": {"A": "错觉", "B": "幻视", "C": "人格解体", "D": "视物显小症"}, "answer": "视物显小症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.铁减少期实验室的特征性指标(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞游离原卟啉>500μg/L", "B": "血清铁<8.95~10.741μmol/L(<50~60μg/dl)", "C": "红细胞数和血红蛋白量减低", "D": "血清铁蛋白<12μg/L"}, "answer": "血清铁蛋白<12μg/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一女咨询者,35岁,某大学教师。3个月前因出国问题与领导争吵,而后逐渐表现出情绪低落、兴趣减退,对未来悲观失望,认为领导和同事都疏远她,常有怨天尤人的表现。能主动求医,接触良好。2.其主要的情绪反应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "焦虑", "B": "愤怒", "C": "抑郁", "D": "痛苦"}, "answer": "抑郁", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿4岁,头痛、发热,神经不清,抽搐不止,皮肤有大片瘀斑。尸检见脾肿大,切面刀刮有脾泥,双侧肾上腺大片出血,脑膜充血,在脑膜的血管周围有少量中性粒细胞浸润。根据临床和尸检所见,诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核性脑膜炎", "B": "流行性出血热", "C": "流行性乙型脑炎", "D": "暴发型流行性脑脊髓膜炎"}, "answer": "暴发型流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "7个月婴儿,发热2天,体温39.0~40.0℃,稍咳,一般情况好,除流涕及咽部稍充血外,无其他异常,家长给予口服小儿速效感冒灵。1.下列考虑正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "再发热2天左右,热退全身出现红色斑丘疹,则为幼儿急疹", "B": "若全身出现弥漫性皮疹,应考虑为猩红热", "C": "为皮肤黏膜淋巴结综合征的前驱症状", "D": "若皮肤出现荨麻疹样皮疹,则为药物疹"}, "answer": "再发热2天左右,热退全身出现红色斑丘疹,则为幼儿急疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性肾小球肾炎的主要临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "少尿,水肿,蛋白尿,低蛋白血症", "B": "水肿,少尿,血尿,高血压", "C": "血尿,少尿,水肿,蛋白尿", "D": "水肿,少尿,蛋白尿,高血压"}, "answer": "水肿,少尿,血尿,高血压", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "链球菌感染后急性肾小球肾炎与膜增生性肾小球肾炎相鉴别的要点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有无前驱感染", "B": "是否伴肾病综合征表现", "C": "早期有无少尿、无尿及肾功能恶化", "D": "低补体血症是否于8周内恢复"}, "answer": "低补体血症是否于8周内恢复", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于肱骨外上髁炎,下述哪一项不对?(  )", "options": {"A": "局封常有效", "B": "一旦确诊应手术松解", "C": "是伸腕伸指肌腱止点处的慢性损伤性炎症", "D": "伸腕抗阻力试验(+)"}, "answer": "一旦确诊应手术松解", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "“不治已病治未病”的观点出自(  )。", "options": {"A": "《伤寒杂病论》", "B": "《黄帝内经》", "C": "《本草纲目》", "D": "《大医精诚》"}, "answer": "《黄帝内经》", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,25岁,既往有HBsAg阳性史,10天前无诱因发热,体温逐渐上升,波动于37.5~39℃,近3天体温持续在38.5~39.5℃不降,伴有食欲不振、乏力、腹胀及尿黄。查体:体温39.5℃,脉搏88/min,血压110/70mmHg,神清,表情淡漠,未见皮疹,巩膜轻度黄染,心肺未见异常,腹软,右下腹压痛(+),肝右肋下2cm,脾未触及,肝浊音区不小,移动性浊音(-),双下肢无水肿。化验:白细胞3.5×109/L,中性细胞0.60,淋巴细胞0.40,血HBsAg(+),抗HBs(+)。5.在感染过程的5种表现中,哪一种所占比例最低,但最易识别(  )。", "options": {"A": "病原携带状态", "B": "隐性感染", "C": "显性感染", "D": "潜伏性感染"}, "answer": "显性感染", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于二尖瓣关闭不全的叙述中,下列哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "右心室肥大、扩张", "B": "左心房肥大、扩张", "C": "右心室肥大、扩张", "D": "心尖区可闻及舒张期隆隆样杂音"}, "answer": "心尖区可闻及舒张期隆隆样杂音", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "5.受凝血酶自我催化的凝血因子(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅻ因子", "B": "X因子", "C": "Ⅷ因子", "D": "Ⅳ因子"}, "answer": "Ⅷ因子", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于蛋白质结构叙述中不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一级结构决定二、三级结构", "B": "三级结构是指蛋白质分子内所有原子的空间排列", "C": "α螺旋为二级结构的一种形式", "D": "二、三级结构决定四级结构"}, "answer": "二、三级结构决定四级结构", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "决定革兰染色反应的细菌结构是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细胞壁", "B": "细胞膜", "C": "核酸", "D": "菌毛"}, "answer": "细胞壁", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.在我国不属于伦理审查范围的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心理学研究项目", "B": "受试者的知情同意", "C": "医学新技术研究项目", "D": "对生物学研究项目进行伦理审查、检查和监督"}, "answer": "心理学研究项目", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "合并双侧肾动脉狭窄的高血压患者降压不宜首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "β受体阻断药", "B": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂", "C": "利尿药", "D": "α受体阻断药"}, "answer": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,重体力劳动工人,腰腿痛,并向左下肢放散,咳嗽,喷嚏时加重。检查腰部活动明显受限,并向左倾斜,直腿抬高试验阳性。病程中无低热、盗汗、消瘦症状。1.首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰椎管狭窄症", "B": "腰间盘突出症", "C": "强直性脊柱炎", "D": "腰椎结核"}, "answer": "腰间盘突出症", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,16岁,发热、贫血、出血,肝、脾肿大,全血细胞减少,骨髓原始细胞占90%,POX(-),非特异性酯酶(-),诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性淋巴细胞白血病", "B": "慢性淋巴细胞白血病", "C": "急性粒细胞白血病M3型", "D": "慢性粒细胞白血病"}, "answer": "急性淋巴细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "克罗恩病的主要手术指征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "严重腹泻", "B": "持续性粪隐血阳性", "C": "疑有恶变", "D": "合并结肠息肉"}, "answer": "疑有恶变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某单位发生了症状以呕吐为主、腹泻为次的食物中毒,防疫站检查食品等处未培养出肠道致病菌,而在炊事员手上查出了化脓感染灶。该致病菌可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "产气荚膜杆菌", "B": "鼠伤寒沙门菌", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "D": "副溶血弧菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "结核性脑膜炎,抗结核强化治疗阶段应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "异烟肼+利福平+乙胺丁醇", "B": "异烟肼+利福平+链霉素", "C": "异烟肼+利福平+链霉素+吡嗪酰胺", "D": "异烟肼+利福平+链霉素+乙胺丁醇"}, "answer": "异烟肼+利福平+链霉素+吡嗪酰胺", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "治疗系统性红斑狼疮,狼疮肾炎(病理为Ⅳ型)首选的免疫抑制药为(  )。", "options": {"A": "环磷酰胺", "B": "甲氨蝶呤", "C": "硫唑嘌呤", "D": "雷公藤"}, "answer": "环磷酰胺", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "《献血法》规定,献血者两次献血的时间间隔不得少于(  )。", "options": {"A": "一个月", "B": "三个月", "C": "四个月", "D": "六个月"}, "answer": "六个月", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,66岁,无痛性肉眼血尿伴条状血块2个月,B超可见左肾轻度积水,2次细胞学检查未见癌细胞。1.为进一步诊治下列哪项检查最有价值?(  )", "options": {"A": "血常规,肝、肾功能", "B": "尿路平片和排泄性尿路造影", "C": "膀胱镜检查", "D": "膀胱造影"}, "answer": "尿路平片和排泄性尿路造影", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "DNA复制时,下列各酶中是不需要的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "DNA指导的DNA聚合酶", "B": "DNA连接酶", "C": "拓扑异构酶", "D": "限制性核酸内切酶"}, "answer": "限制性核酸内切酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "妊娠进展急性病毒性肝炎时,昏迷前期口服新霉素是为了(  )。", "options": {"A": "预防感染", "B": "减少游离胺及其他毒素的形成", "C": "消除肠道内感染灶", "D": "控制重症肝炎"}, "answer": "减少游离胺及其他毒素的形成", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医患之间的道德关系是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主从关系", "B": "商品关系", "C": "信托关系", "D": "陌生关系"}, "answer": "信托关系", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "初产妇,28岁。10天前在家中阴道分娩,产后血性恶露持续时间长,无异味。突然出血增多1天,无寒战、高热。查体:子宫如妊娠3个月大,质软,压痛不明显,宫口松,能容2指。其阴道流血最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫脱垂", "B": "子宫内膜炎", "C": "蜕膜残留", "D": "胎盘、胎膜残留"}, "answer": "胎盘、胎膜残留", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.可用于嗜铬细胞瘤所致的室性心律失常(  )。", "options": {"A": "利多卡因", "B": "奎尼丁", "C": "普罗帕酮", "D": "普萘洛尔"}, "answer": "普萘洛尔", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "小儿咽扁桃体发育达高峰的年龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "1岁末", "B": "2~3岁", "C": "3~4岁", "D": "4~10岁"}, "answer": "4~10岁", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,45岁。反复剑突下疼痛3年,呕吐10天。呕吐物有隔夜宿食。该患者最易发生的电解质和酸碱平衡失调是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低血钾,代谢性碱中毒", "B": "低血钾,代谢性酸中毒", "C": "高血钾,代谢性酸中毒", "D": "低血钙,代谢性碱中毒"}, "answer": "低血钾,代谢性碱中毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "界限性遗忘常发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑外伤", "B": "颅内器质性疾病", "C": "精神分裂症", "D": "癔症"}, "answer": "癔症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,21岁,因工作紧张,近一月感觉压力重重,不能胜任工作,觉得自己一无是处,连累了父母,开煤气自杀被急送入院,入院后又趁人不备打破窗玻璃,用碎玻璃自杀,后经抢救脱险,经检查患者有青光眼病史。3.该患者首选的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "碳酸锂", "B": "西太普兰", "C": "丙戊酸钠", "D": "阿米替林"}, "answer": "西太普兰", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "癫痫患者服药,最不应(  )。", "options": {"A": "两药同时服", "B": "服药量太小", "C": "只在夜间服", "D": "突然停药"}, "answer": "突然停药", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "属于迟发型超敏反应的试验为(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗毒素血清皮试", "B": "皮肤发疱试验.", "C": "OT试验(结核菌素试验)", "D": "普鲁卡因皮试"}, "answer": "OT试验(结核菌素试验)", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,22岁,半年前起病,表现为有时头痛、头昏,部位不定,未予处理,话多,要办一个一千人的工厂,要当经理,周游全世界,有好几个女朋友,情绪高涨。诊断为躁狂症,经碳酸锂、氯丙嗪治疗后症状消失。神经系统检查无异常。2个月后意识清楚,情感淡漠,话少动作缓慢,不洗澡不换衣服,记忆力好,无自杀观念,阵发性剧烈头痛,用头撞墙,每次半小时左右。曾癫痫大发作一次,喷射性呕吐一次。神经系检查:眼底视乳头水肿,右侧肢体肌张力增高,巴氏征阳性。脑电图示中度异常,大量病理高波幅O波,左侧较多。脑超声波示中线向右移0.3cm。3.哪项为首选治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "抗抑郁治疗", "B": "抗癫痫治疗", "C": "手术治疗", "D": "抗精神病治疗"}, "answer": "手术治疗", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肿瘤免疫逃逸机制不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "MHC-Ⅰ类分子表达低下", "B": "表面抗原缺失", "C": "MHC-Ⅱ类分子表达低下", "D": "宿主免疫功能低下"}, "answer": "MHC-Ⅱ类分子表达低下", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.克罗恩病的典型X线征象是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鹅卵石征", "B": "杯口征", "C": "铅管征", "D": "鸟嘴征"}, "answer": "鹅卵石征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于三叉神经的解剖特点,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "三叉神经感觉根分为眼支、上颌支、下颌支", "B": "三叉神经运动支与下颌支伴行", "C": "三叉神经的周围性支配为洋葱头样分布", "D": "角膜反射的传入神经为三叉神经的第一支"}, "answer": "三叉神经的周围性支配为洋葱头样分布", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿上呼吸道疾病错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "婴幼儿易造成鼻塞、呼吸困难", "B": "易合并中耳炎", "C": "喉炎声音嘶哑、呼吸困难", "D": "扁桃体炎多见于婴儿"}, "answer": "扁桃体炎多见于婴儿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "矽肺常出现以下合并症,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核病", "B": "继发肺部细菌或病毒感染", "C": "自发性气胸", "D": "肺癌"}, "answer": "肺癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,73岁。右上肺癌根治术后第5天突发高热,胸腔闭式引流管内持续大量气体溢出。胸部X线片示:右侧液气胸。最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "食管破裂", "B": "支气管胸膜瘘", "C": "自发性气胸", "D": "肺大泡破裂"}, "answer": "支气管胸膜瘘", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "锥体系统是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "上运动神经元", "B": "脊髓巨角细胞", "C": "小脑皮质细胞", "D": "上及下运动神经元"}, "answer": "上运动神经元", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,60岁。1小时前突发呕血500ml,既往有慢性乙肝病史。查体:P 105次/分,BP 95/70mmHg,轻度烦躁。目前首要的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "输注胶体扩容", "B": "输注晶体扩容", "C": "应用止血药", "D": "输全血"}, "answer": "输注晶体扩容", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不违反保密原则的做法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "泄露患者隐私", "B": "将病人不良病情告知家属", "C": "告知患者不良诊断", "D": "告知患者不良预后"}, "answer": "将病人不良病情告知家属", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "可同时了解肾积水患者的肾功能及其梗阻程度的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "逆行肾盂造影", "B": "MRI", "C": "B超", "D": "IVU"}, "answer": "IVU", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,58岁,上腹不适,纳差3年。体重减轻,乏力半年。查体:贫血貌,上腹部轻压痛。Hb 88g/L,MCV 115fl,胃镜检查示胃体皱襞稀疏,黏膜血管透见。3.该患者发生贫血最可能的机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "铁利用障碍", "B": "慢性消化道失血", "C": "蛋白质吸收障碍", "D": "内因子缺乏"}, "answer": "内因子缺乏", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "基本情绪喜、怒、哀、乐的表情是(  )。", "options": {"A": "后天学习得来的", "B": "通过遗传天生具有的", "C": "不同人种、不同民族不同", "D": "受社会需要影响"}, "answer": "后天学习得来的", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于诱导契合学说,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "酶构象改变,底物构象不变", "B": "底物与酶如同锁和钥匙构象匹配", "C": "底物和酶相互诱导、变形,构象匹配", "D": "使酶的结构与产物相互适应"}, "answer": "底物和酶相互诱导、变形,构象匹配", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者男性,60岁,发热4天,体温37.5℃左右,伴左拇趾痛。检查:血压114/70mmHg,左拇趾甲沟部红肿。血白细胞10×109/L,中性粒细胞为82%。3.经处理3天后患者体温突然升高达40℃,呈稽留热,并出现皮疹,呕吐,腹泻,血白细胞20×109/L,中性粒细胞为89%,应考虑可能是合并有(  )。", "options": {"A": "败血症", "B": "急性胃肠炎", "C": "过敏性皮疹(对青霉素过敏)", "D": "菌血症"}, "answer": "败血症", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "何谓关节脱位?(  )", "options": {"A": "关节分离", "B": "关节面失去正常对合关系", "C": "关节韧带断裂", "D": "关节出现畸形和弹性固定"}, "answer": "关节面失去正常对合关系", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "排除颅内占位病变,哪项是准确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "颅平片无颅内压增高表现", "B": "无视乳头水肿", "C": "叩诊小儿头颅无破壶音", "D": "CT扫描无异常改变"}, "answer": "CT扫描无异常改变", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "11个月小儿,发热3天,体温39.0℃,呕吐2次,抽搐1次。体检:神志清,精神萎靡,皮肤无出血点,前囟稍隆起,颈略抵抗,Barbinski征阳性。曾于半岁时有高热惊厥1次。1.初步诊断,应首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "中枢神经系统感染", "B": "高热惊厥", "C": "手足搐搦症", "D": "脑发育不全"}, "answer": "中枢神经系统感染", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "慢性支气管炎呼吸功能开始出现异常最主要表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "小气道阻塞", "B": "FEV1/FVC<70%", "C": "MVV降低", "D": "RV增加"}, "answer": "FEV1/FVC<70%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.对于风湿热预后的估计有重要意义的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心脏炎", "B": "舞蹈病", "C": "皮下结节", "D": "环状红斑"}, "answer": "心脏炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有关神经系统发育,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "出生时神经细胞的数目已与成人相同", "B": "3岁时神经细胞已基本分化完成", "C": "出生后皮层细胞的数目逐渐增加", "D": "大脑皮层的发育较丘脑的发育为晚"}, "answer": "出生后皮层细胞的数目逐渐增加", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医疗保健机构提供的胎儿保健服务的内容是(  )。", "options": {"A": "为胎儿生长发育进行监护,为孕妇提供营养指导", "B": "为胎儿生长发育进行监护,提供咨询和医学指导", "C": "为胎儿生长发育进行孕妇卫生指导", "D": "为胎儿生长发育进行监护,为孕妇提供产前诊断"}, "answer": "为胎儿生长发育进行监护,提供咨询和医学指导", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "临床上最常见的腹外疝是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹股沟斜疝", "B": "脐疝", "C": "腹股沟直疝", "D": "直疝"}, "answer": "腹股沟斜疝", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "幼儿,7岁,骤然起病,恶寒、高热3周,右小腿肿痛,膝关节活动受限,右小腿弥漫性红肿,广泛压痛,膝关节积液,浮髌试验阳性,关节穿刺为浆液性渗出,X线片示右胫骨上端骨皮质散在虫蚀样骨破坏,骨膜反应明显,血白细胞15.6×109/L,分层穿刺见软组织内与骨膜下大量蓄脓,切开引流后体温下降,急性症状消退,其转归是(  )。", "options": {"A": "形成慢性骨髓炎", "B": "痊愈", "C": "形成BroDie骨脓肿", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "形成慢性骨髓炎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在风湿性疾病中,下述哪种疾病肾脏受累较少见?(  )", "options": {"A": "皮肌炎(DM)", "B": "SLE", "C": "结节性多动脉炎(PN)", "D": "血管炎"}, "answer": "皮肌炎(DM)", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一名溺水游客被救出水后,神志不清,呼吸停止,口唇发绀,需口对口人工呼吸的先决条件是(  )。", "options": {"A": "清除口咽分泌物,保持呼吸道通畅", "B": "每次吹入800ml气体", "C": "病人置于仰卧位", "D": "每分钟吹气几次"}, "answer": "清除口咽分泌物,保持呼吸道通畅", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列关于治疗高血压常用的血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂作用特点的叙述中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "降压作用起效缓慢", "B": "最大降压作用在服用后6~8周出现", "C": "治疗剂量窗的范围较窄", "D": "降压作用持久、平稳"}, "answer": "治疗剂量窗的范围较窄", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "《中华人民共和国执业医师法》适用于(  )。", "options": {"A": "依法取得执业医师资格或者执业助理医师资格的专业医务人员", "B": "依法取得执业医师资格的人", "C": "依法取得执业医师资格或者执业助理医师资格,经注册在医疗机构中执业的专业医务人员", "D": "依法取得执业医师资格或者执业助理医师资格,经注册在医疗、预防、保健机构中执业的专业医务人员"}, "answer": "依法取得执业医师资格或者执业助理医师资格,经注册在医疗、预防、保健机构中执业的专业医务人员", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.下丘脑视上核受损引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "水利尿", "B": "渗透性利尿", "C": "尿崩症", "D": "尿失禁"}, "answer": "尿崩症", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "细胞内脂肪酸合成的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "线粒体", "B": "细胞液", "C": "细胞核", "D": "高尔基体"}, "answer": "细胞液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列不是肝性脑病诱因的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "便秘", "B": "低血糖", "C": "高钾性酸中毒", "D": "消化道出血"}, "answer": "高钾性酸中毒", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,26岁。3月前行剖宫产术,现母乳喂养。最恰当的避孕方法应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "短效口服避孕药", "B": "宫内节育器", "C": "安全期避孕法", "D": "阴茎套避孕法"}, "answer": "阴茎套避孕法", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "严重新生儿溶血的患儿生后第一天的处理哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "光照疗法", "B": "多输清蛋白,以预防胆红素脑病", "C": "交换输血", "D": "防止低血糖,低体温"}, "answer": "多输清蛋白,以预防胆红素脑病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿腹泻代谢性酸中毒的治疗,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "碳酸氢钠为首选药物", "B": "轻症不需要另给碱性溶液", "C": "碱性溶液需要量可按公式计算", "D": "0.25%碳酸氢钠溶液5mL/(kg·次)"}, "answer": "0.25%碳酸氢钠溶液5mL/(kg·次)", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于HBV抗原、抗体的检测,哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "用于筛选合格的献血员", "B": "选择治疗用药的参考", "C": "判断乙型肝炎的预后", "D": "调查人群的免疫水平"}, "answer": "选择治疗用药的参考", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "病儿,6个月,因便秘、食欲差、嗜睡、反应迟钝来诊。查体:体温:35.5℃,脉搏100次/分,呼吸30次/分,皮肤粗糙,干燥,头大,颈短,眼距宽,鼻梁宽平,腹胀,脐疝。1.该患儿的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "先天愚型", "B": "苯丙酮尿症", "C": "甲状腺功能减低症", "D": "黏多糖病"}, "answer": "甲状腺功能减低症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "cAMP-蛋白激酶A途径和DG-蛋白激酶C途径的共同特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "由G蛋白介导", "B": "钙泵可拮抗激酶活性", "C": "Ca2+可激活激酶", "D": "cAMP和DG均为小分子,故都可在胞液内自由扩散"}, "answer": "由G蛋白介导", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症服用甲状腺制剂治疗时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2~4年", "B": "4~6年", "C": "6~8年", "D": "终生"}, "answer": "终生", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "胎心率变异减速的特征不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "发生与宫缩无固定关系", "B": "胎心率下降迅速", "C": "胎心率恢复缓慢", "D": "胎心率恢复迅速"}, "answer": "胎心率恢复缓慢", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.营养性巨幼细胞性贫血神经系统表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "智力及动作发育落后有倒退现象", "B": "注意力不集中,记忆力减退", "C": "腱反射减弱", "D": "感觉异常"}, "answer": "智力及动作发育落后有倒退现象", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肝硬化肝功能障碍可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "凝血因子合成增多", "B": "脾大", "C": "雌激素水平升高", "D": "雄激素水平升高"}, "answer": "雌激素水平升高", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.上述哪项是糖酵解糖异生共同需要?(  )", "options": {"A": "3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶", "B": "丙酮酸激酶", "C": "6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶", "D": "果糖双磷酸酶-1"}, "answer": "3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "幽门梗阻可发生哪项代谢改变(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸性碱中毒", "B": "代谢性碱中毒", "C": "代谢性酸中毒", "D": "低氯高钾碱中毒"}, "answer": "代谢性碱中毒", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "医务人员彼此协作的基础是(  )。", "options": {"A": "彼此独立", "B": "互相信任", "C": "互相学习", "D": "彼此竞争"}, "answer": "互相信任", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对丙咪嗪作用的叙述哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "明显抗抑郁作用", "B": "能降低血压", "C": "可使正常人精神振奋", "D": "有奎尼丁样作用"}, "answer": "可使正常人精神振奋", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.水解脱去CoA生成酮体的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HMG-CoA", "B": "乙酰乙酰CoA", "C": "琥珀酰CoA", "D": "丙二酰CoA"}, "answer": "HMG-CoA", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "胎头矢状缝与骨盆入口右斜径一致的胎位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "枕左后", "B": "枕左前", "C": "枕左横", "D": "枕右横"}, "answer": "枕左前", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有一青年妇女在分娩过程中突然呼吸困难,口唇及四肢末端发绀而亡。尸检肺血管内有角化上皮等物,此患者死因是下述哪种?(  )", "options": {"A": "气体栓塞", "B": "血栓栓塞", "C": "脂肪栓塞", "D": "羊水栓塞"}, "answer": "羊水栓塞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,4岁,因高热、反复惊厥2h于8月12日急诊人院。体检:体温40.1℃,面色苍白,四肢冷,脉细速,神志不清,血常规:白细胞26.2×109/L,中性粒细胞0.94。1.诊断应首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "暴发型流行性脑脊髓膜炎", "B": "流行性乙型脑炎", "C": "脑型疟疾", "D": "中毒型细菌性痢疾"}, "answer": "中毒型细菌性痢疾", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女孩,9岁,8天前突发左髋剧痛,左下肢活动受限,伴畏寒、高热、全身不适及食欲缺乏。急重病容,贫血,体温38.7℃,脉搏100次/分,左大腿近端肿胀,皮温升高,但外观无异常,腹股沟韧带中点稍下方深压痛。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左髋关节结核", "B": "左髋关节急性化脓性关节炎", "C": "左大腿软组织炎症", "D": "左股骨近端恶性肿瘤"}, "answer": "左髋关节急性化脓性关节炎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.属于选择性5-羟色胺重吸收抑制剂的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "碳酸锂", "B": "氟西汀", "C": "利培酮", "D": "阿普唑仑"}, "answer": "氟西汀", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5.水痘-带状疱疹病毒的原发感染类型多为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性感染", "B": "隐性感染", "C": "潜伏感染", "D": "慢发感染"}, "answer": "潜伏感染", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "孕妇,30岁。主诉乏力,易倦,检查血红蛋白低于正常。应该补充的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蔬菜,水果", "B": "豆浆,牛奶", "C": "含钙多的物质", "D": "猪肝,肉类"}, "answer": "猪肝,肉类", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,22岁,大学生,长期以来学习紧张,感头痛失眠,注意力不易集中,脑力体力均易疲劳,脑CT(-),这位患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "焦虑症", "B": "神经衰弱", "C": "抑郁症", "D": "精神分裂症"}, "answer": "神经衰弱", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.气性坏疽的致病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "β-溶血性链球菌", "B": "梭状芽孢杆菌", "C": "大肠杆菌", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "梭状芽孢杆菌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.中枢神经系统白血病的临床特点为(  )。", "options": {"A": "寒战、高热、出血并迅速衰竭", "B": "头痛、呕吐、脑脊液可检出白血病细胞", "C": "低热、乏力、颈部淋巴结肿大、切口不愈合", "D": "低热、贫血、巨脾"}, "answer": "头痛、呕吐、脑脊液可检出白血病细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于绒毛膜癌,下列哪项是错误的(  )。", "options": {"A": "癌细胞由两种滋养细胞样细胞组成", "B": "无癌间质", "C": "有丰富的毛细血管", "D": "早期可发生出血坏死"}, "answer": "有丰富的毛细血管", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,35岁。车祸致腰背部受伤,腰部活动明显受限,双下肢出现迟缓性瘫痪,大小便失禁。伤后1小时双下肢感觉、运动功能好转。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "马尾神经损伤", "B": "脊髓受压", "C": "脊髓震荡", "D": "脊髓出血"}, "answer": "脊髓震荡", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,79岁。1小时前家属发现其呼吸困难而来诊。查体:T 36.8℃,R 32次/分。BP 140/90mmHg,嗜睡,球结膜水肿,皮肤潮湿,口唇发绀,双下肺可闻及细湿啰音和哮鸣音。心率120次/分,双下肢水肿。为明确诊断,进一步检查宜首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "心肌坏死标志物", "B": "心电图", "C": "头颅CT", "D": "动脉血气分析"}, "answer": "动脉血气分析", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,35岁。闭经2年,检查发现双侧乳房触发溢乳。首选检测的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "PRL", "B": "FSH", "C": "GH", "D": "TSH"}, "answer": "PRL", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.上述哪项是B淋巴细胞抗原识别受体(  )。", "options": {"A": "BCR", "B": "FCR", "C": "C3bR", "D": "C4bR"}, "answer": "BCR", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "与临床关系最密切的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ABO血型系统和Rh血型系统", "B": "Rh血型系统和MNSs血型系统", "C": "Rh血型系统和Kell血型系统", "D": "ABO血型系统和Duff血型系统"}, "answer": "ABO血型系统和Rh血型系统", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿初次感染结核杆菌,结核菌素试验呈阳性反应的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "12~16周", "B": "4~8周", "C": "48~72小时", "D": "8~12周"}, "answer": "4~8周", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.急性胰腺炎属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "干酪样坏死", "B": "脂肪坏死", "C": "坏疽", "D": "液化性坏死"}, "answer": "脂肪坏死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.连续应用最易产生耐受性的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "硝酸甘油", "B": "普萘洛尔", "C": "地尔硫", "D": "硝苯地平"}, "answer": "硝酸甘油", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于妄想以下哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "妄想都是与事实不相符的信念", "B": "妄想是一种病理性的歪曲信念", "C": "妄想是可以通过摆事实,讲道理说服的信念", "D": "妄想与患者的文化水平,社会背景相称"}, "answer": "妄想是可以通过摆事实,讲道理说服的信念", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "慢性肾盂肾炎的易感因素有(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸膜炎", "B": "甲状腺功能亢进", "C": "糖尿病", "D": "药物性皮炎"}, "answer": "糖尿病", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "高血压脑出血的好发部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑干", "B": "基底节", "C": "脑室", "D": "脑叶"}, "answer": "基底节", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,女,68岁。7个月前急性心肌梗死,心电图V1~V2导联ST段持续抬高3mm,近2个月偶于快跑时出现胸闷,持续1小时。体检:心界向左侧扩大,心尖搏动弥散。该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心室膨胀瘤", "B": "急性心包炎", "C": "梗死后心绞痛", "D": "肋间神经痛"}, "answer": "心室膨胀瘤", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,38岁,腹痛、反酸9年。1周来症状加重,并出现夜间痛,进食能部分缓解。3.最佳的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "手术治疗", "B": "胃黏膜保护剂+抗生素", "C": "胃黏膜保护剂+铋剂", "D": "质子泵抑制剂/铋剂+抗生素"}, "answer": "质子泵抑制剂/铋剂+抗生素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于急性蜂窝组织炎的描述,下错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "致病菌以溶血性链球菌最常见", "B": "浅表的急性蜂窝组织边界不明显", "C": "口底、颌下蜂窝组织炎未抽出脓液,严禁切开", "D": "新生儿皮下坏疽属于特殊类型的急性蜂窝组织炎"}, "answer": "口底、颌下蜂窝组织炎未抽出脓液,严禁切开", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.成年人垂体功能亢进可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "侏儒症", "B": "粘液水肿", "C": "肢端肥大症", "D": "巨人症"}, "answer": "肢端肥大症", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,30岁,6个月前外伤导致肱骨干骨折,行手法复位。夹板外固定治疗。来院复查x线片示:骨折线存在,断端有0.3cm的间隙。断端骨髓腔已封闭硬化,此时应该选择的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "继续夹板固定", "B": "改为石膏外固定", "C": "改为牵引固定", "D": "手术切除硬化骨,植骨,钢板内固定外加石膏外固定"}, "answer": "手术切除硬化骨,植骨,钢板内固定外加石膏外固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "现已被公认为诊断支气管扩张的主要方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管造影", "B": "肺组织病理", "C": "支气管镜", "D": "HRCT"}, "answer": "HRCT", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2岁男孩,因发热2天伴喘息入院,既往曾有两次类似发作,婴儿期湿疹较重,外祖父有“过敏性鼻炎”。查体:T37.8℃,R45次/分,P114次/分,双肺可闻哮鸣音。2.首选药物治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "色甘酸钠吸入", "B": "酮替芬口服", "C": "倍氯米松吸入", "D": "泼尼松口服"}, "answer": "泼尼松口服", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "30岁妇女,15岁月经初潮,月经周期规律,5/32日。结婚4年夫妻同居,有正常性生活,至今未怀孕。末次月经6月24日。1.从理论推算,该患者排卵日应在(  )。", "options": {"A": "7月7日左右", "B": "7月12日左右", "C": "7月14日左右", "D": "7月21日左右"}, "answer": "7月12日左右", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,48岁。长期大量饮酒,自行戒酒2天后,出现心悸,大汗,发热,双手震颤,兴奋激越,烦躁不安,晚上还说看见有鬼,对该患者目前的治疗方案不恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "预防感染", "B": "抗精神药物控制兴奋状态", "C": "饮酒缓解戒断症状", "D": "用地西泮缓解戒断症状"}, "answer": "饮酒缓解戒断症状", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于患者享有平等医疗权利的表述中,不正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "对所有患者都应一视同仁", "B": "公民享有生命健康权", "C": "患者的需求应得到完全满足", "D": "应满足患者的合理需求"}, "answer": "患者的需求应得到完全满足", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,男,7月,因发热、腹泻2天于10月16日入院。2天前开始发热,呕吐2次,继之出现腹泻,稀水样便6~8次/天,量多,次日热退吐止,腹泻加重,尿量减少,精神萎靡,前囟眼窝凹陷,皮肤弹性差,心肺听诊阴性。5.如果第2天明显好转,脱水纠正,大便次数减少到3~4次/天,不呕吐,但食欲差。所作的调整为(  )。", "options": {"A": "只需要补充继续丢失量", "B": "只需要补充生理需要量", "C": "需要补充生理需要量和继续丢失量", "D": "改为米汤喂养"}, "answer": "需要补充生理需要量和继续丢失量", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,58岁,因动作缓慢并伴有静止性震颤和随意运动减少,诊断为震颤麻痹,其发病机理为(  )。", "options": {"A": "纹状体多巴胺递质释放减少", "B": "纹状体乙酰胆碱减少", "C": "纹状体5-羟色胺增加", "D": "黑质乙酰胆碱减少"}, "answer": "纹状体多巴胺递质释放减少", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项不是精神活性物质?(  )", "options": {"A": "氯丙嗪", "B": "可卡因", "C": "咖啡因", "D": "尼古丁"}, "answer": "氯丙嗪", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "禁用阿托品的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "虹膜睫状体炎", "B": "胃痉挛", "C": "青光眼", "D": "缓慢型心律失常"}, "answer": "青光眼", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "8岁女孩,浮肿4天,尿色如浓茶,伴头昏眼花,一过性失明,血压170/120mmHg,尿常规、蛋白(+),RBC20~30/HP,颗粒管型0~1/HP。考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性肾炎", "B": "急性肾炎合并高血压", "C": "急性肾炎合并高血压脑病", "D": "急性肾炎合并心衰"}, "answer": "急性肾炎合并高血压脑病", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "判断脊柱骨折是否伴有脊髓损伤,下列诊断方便快速的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线片检查", "B": "MRI检查", "C": "腰椎穿刺行脑脊液检查", "D": "系统的神经系统检查"}, "answer": "系统的神经系统检查", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,20岁,反复牙龈出血及月经增多1年半。查:轻度贫血,肝、脾未触及,Hb 80g/L,白细胞正常,血小板30×109/L,出血时间延长,凝血时间正常,骨髓增生明显活跃,红系占30%,巨核细胞明显增多,骨髓内、外铁均减少。其诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性ITP", "B": "慢性再障", "C": "缺铁性贫血", "D": "慢性ITP并缺铁性贫血"}, "answer": "慢性ITP并缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "坎农—博德的情绪理论强调什么对情绪的作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "中枢神经", "B": "外周神经", "C": "丘脑", "D": "小脑"}, "answer": "丘脑", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,48岁,2年前因“胃溃疡穿孔”行胃大部切除术。近5个月常于清晨空腹时出现精神症状,进食后缓解。今晨被家人发现神志不清送来急诊。查血糖2.2mmol/L,静脉注射葡萄糖溶液后逐渐清醒。低血糖最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "自主神经功能紊乱", "B": "营养不良", "C": "胃大部切除术后", "D": "胰岛素瘤"}, "answer": "胰岛素瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.疖病的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有波动感和压痛", "B": "病灶呈浅状红晕,边界清楚,有压痛", "C": "感染灶质地坚硬,表面有多个黄色脓点", "D": "全身不同部位有多个毛囊和皮脂腺的炎症"}, "answer": "全身不同部位有多个毛囊和皮脂腺的炎症", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "经产妇,26岁。妊娠37周,晨起发现阴道流血,无明显腹痛,检查有宫缩,查体子宫大小大于孕周数,胎心存在。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "前置胎盘", "B": "先兆流产", "C": "胎盘早剥", "D": "难免流产"}, "answer": "胎盘早剥", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "具有吞噬作用、抗原提呈作用和免疫调节作用的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "巨噬细胞", "B": "中性粒细胞", "C": "B细胞", "D": "NK细胞"}, "answer": "巨噬细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,65岁,间断咳嗽、咳痰10年,加重伴呼吸困难2天。血气分析:pH 7.35,PaO2 56mmHg,PaCO2 46mmHg。给予该患者鼻导管吸氧治疗。如需使用的吸氧浓度为27%,则其氧流量应调整为(  )。", "options": {"A": "1.0L/min", "B": "1.5L/min", "C": "2.5L/min", "D": "3.0L/min"}, "answer": "1.5L/min", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于SLE关节病变,哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "呈多关节对称性损害", "B": "关节肿痛", "C": "关节软骨破坏,关节畸形", "D": "大关节很少受累"}, "answer": "关节软骨破坏,关节畸形", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "根除幽门螺杆菌治疗后,不宜选用的复查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "13C或14C尿素呼气试验", "B": "血清幽门螺杆菌抗体检查", "C": "快速尿素酶试验", "D": "幽门螺杆菌培养"}, "answer": "血清幽门螺杆菌抗体检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "符合糖尿病检验结果的解释的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "空腹血糖正常可以排除糖尿病", "B": "尿酮阳性仅见于糖尿病", "C": "尿糖阴性可以排除糖尿病", "D": "餐后2h血糖正常可以是糖尿病"}, "answer": "餐后2h血糖正常可以是糖尿病", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.硬结直径10~20mm(  )。", "options": {"A": "PPD试验(+)", "B": "PPD试验(++)", "C": "PPD试验(+++)", "D": "PPD试验(-)"}, "answer": "PPD试验(++)", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性心肌梗死病后12天血清检查仍可能高于正常的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肌酸磷酸激酶的同工酶CK-MB", "B": "肌钙蛋白I", "C": "肌酸磷酸激酶", "D": "肌钙蛋白T"}, "answer": "肌钙蛋白T", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对癫痫大发作与癫痫小发作均有疗效的抗癫痫药物为(  )。", "options": {"A": "苯妥英钠", "B": "苯巴比妥", "C": "丙戊酸钠", "D": "卡马西平"}, "answer": "丙戊酸钠", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.上述哪项突出体现医德义务的作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "一位急诊病人被送到医院,因其满身血污,其他病人及其家属见了忙掩鼻躲开,而应诊医护人员则顾不得脏不脏,出于责任心赶紧给病人做检查和处置", "B": "某科室常常针对所要解决的医德医风问题向住院病人做出改善服务的承诺", "C": "在病人及其家属的一再恳求下,某手术组决心为一高龄病人做心脏手术,但手术前这个手术组提出必须先去做公证", "D": "医师保证不泄露病人隐私,终于使病人放心地述说了全部病情信息"}, "answer": "某科室常常针对所要解决的医德医风问题向住院病人做出改善服务的承诺", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "23岁,农民,因发热、头痛、全身酸痛、软弱无力1周,于9月4日入院。当天起出现心慌、气促、体温39.6℃体检:面色苍白,腓肠肌压痛,心率124/min,呼吸36/min。肺部散在湿性啰音。血象:血白细胞计数9.0×109/L,中性粒细胞0.76,淋巴细胞0.24,X线片示:两肺纹理增多,有散在性点状阴影。本病例诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "粟粒性肺结核", "B": "支气管肺炎", "C": "流行性出血热", "D": "钩端螺旋体病"}, "answer": "钩端螺旋体病", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,8个月,突然抽搐,持续2分钟,发作时意识不清,自行缓解,不伴发热,3天内抽搐4次,醒后活泼如常,血钙为1.73mmol/L,血糖4.0mmol/L,诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "化脑", "B": "低血糖", "C": "维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症", "D": "低镁血症"}, "answer": "维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "朊病毒(或称朊毒体)的化学成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "核酸、蛋白质", "B": "核酸", "C": "活性蛋白质", "D": "糖蛋白"}, "answer": "活性蛋白质", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "骨巨细胞瘤患者肿瘤活检病理报告:骨巨细胞瘤Ⅱ级,治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "截肢术+全身化疗", "B": "刮除灭活植骨术", "C": "刮除骨水泥充填术", "D": "刮除灭活骨水泥充填术"}, "answer": "截肢术+全身化疗", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "细菌与所致疾病组合错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "幽门螺旋杆菌——慢性胃炎", "B": "军团菌——军团病菌", "C": "百日咳鲍特菌——百日咳", "D": "流感嗜血杆菌——流感流行"}, "answer": "流感嗜血杆菌——流感流行", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.移植前多次输血,移植物存活明显延长可见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝脏移植", "B": "肾移植", "C": "骨髓移植", "D": "皮肤移植"}, "answer": "肾移植", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "偏头痛发作时的最有效药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗抑郁剂", "B": "曲普坦类", "C": "钙拮抗剂", "D": "对乙酰氨基酚"}, "answer": "曲普坦类", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "小儿腹泻脱水,在脱水纠正后出现惊厥,最常见的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑水肿", "B": "低钙血症", "C": "低血糖", "D": "低镁血症"}, "answer": "低钙血症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,78岁。因进行性气短2周就诊,无咳嗽、发热、胸痛,胸部X线片示左侧大量胸腔积液。血WBC 8.9×109/L,N 0.72,Hb 110g/L,ESR 36mm/h。2.【假设信息】该患者胸部CT示左侧支气管通畅,左下肺直径2cm分叶状结节影,纵隔可见直径l~2cm的肿大淋巴结。该患者胸腔积液治疗最有效的措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸膜固定术", "B": "手术治疗", "C": "全身化疗", "D": "免疫治疗"}, "answer": "全身化疗", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某患者,竞争意识强,总想胜过他人;老觉得时间不够用,说话快、走路快;脾气暴躁,容易激动;常与他人的意见不一致。其行为类型属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "A型行为", "B": "C型行为", "C": "AB混合型行为", "D": "BC混合型行为"}, "answer": "A型行为", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "医患交往是(  )。", "options": {"A": "技术水平沟通", "B": "非语言沟通", "C": "语言沟通", "D": "以上都正确"}, "answer": "以上都正确", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.Dugas征阳性(  )。", "options": {"A": "肩关节脱位", "B": "髋关节前脱位", "C": "髋关节后上脱位", "D": "先天性髋关节脱位"}, "answer": "肩关节脱位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性肾炎的主要临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "高血压、血尿、蛋白尿、低蛋白血症", "B": "水肿、血尿、少尿、高血压", "C": "少尿、水肿、蛋白尿、高脂血症", "D": "少尿、水肿、血尿、低蛋白血症"}, "answer": "水肿、血尿、少尿、高血压", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.上述哪项是木瓜酶水解的片段?(  )", "options": {"A": "2Fab段+Fc段", "B": "F(ab')2+Fc'", "C": "铰链区", "D": "稳定区"}, "answer": "2Fab段+Fc段", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,4个月,冬季出生。生后牛乳喂养,突发四肢抽搐,面肌颤动,两眼上翻,持续数秒至数分钟后自然缓解,1天来发作4~5次,每次缓解后一切活动正常。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癫痫", "B": "化脓性脑膜炎", "C": "喉痉挛", "D": "维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症"}, "answer": "维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,23岁,近一月来躺在床上常感到有人在给自己按摩,胃肠内有异物插入,非常难受,有时感到胃中有一个像乒乓球样的东西。该症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "错觉", "B": "妄想", "C": "内脏幻觉", "D": "感觉倒错"}, "answer": "内脏幻觉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,35岁,因甲状腺肿块在当地行甲状腺肿块切除术后5天,病理学诊断为甲状腺乳头状腺癌Ⅱ级,对该患者的进一步处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "终身服用甲状腺素片", "B": "行放射性碘治疗", "C": "再次手术,行患侧全切及对侧全切", "D": "再次手术,行患侧全切、峡部切除及对侧大部切除"}, "answer": "再次手术,行患侧全切、峡部切除及对侧大部切除", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.直径2~5cm,有纤维包裹的孤立的境界分明的干酪样坏死灶(  )。", "options": {"A": "干酪性肺炎", "B": "结核球", "C": "浸润型肺结核", "D": "局灶型肺结核"}, "answer": "结核球", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "当阑尾血运障碍时,易导致其坏死的解剖特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阑尾淋巴组织丰富", "B": "阑尾动脉为无侧支终末动脉", "C": "阑尾腔小", "D": "阑尾开口小"}, "answer": "阑尾动脉为无侧支终末动脉", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3岁患儿,自幼反复患肺炎,平素食少,体弱。查体:生长发育落后,胸骨左缘第3、4肋间闻及Ⅲ级收缩期反流性杂音,胸片示肺血多,肺动脉段突出,左心室增大。最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "动脉导管未闭", "D": "法洛四联症"}, "answer": "室间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "过期妊娠,羊水过少时,胎心电子监护胎心率变化可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "变异减速", "B": "周期性胎心率加速", "C": "晚期加速", "D": "宫缩时晚期减速"}, "answer": "宫缩时晚期减速", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,20岁,因十二指肠溃疡所致幽门梗阻引起反复呕吐15天入院,测得血钾值为3mmol/L,动脉血pH 7.5,首选补液种类应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳酸、氯化钾溶液", "B": "等渗盐水", "C": "葡萄糖盐水", "D": "葡萄糖盐水、氯化钾溶液"}, "answer": "葡萄糖盐水、氯化钾溶液", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有一名53岁男患者,入院前3小时突然剧烈头痛伴呕吐,CT检查后入院,入院检查意识清,痛苦病容,四肢肌张力肌力改变不明显,项强直(+),头CT脑沟脑池有高密度影像,眼底检查玻璃体膜下片状出血。3.最根本的治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "镇静止痛药物", "B": "止血治疗", "C": "绝对卧床休息", "D": "开颅动脉瘤夹闭术"}, "answer": "开颅动脉瘤夹闭术", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "病人主诉1年来上胸背痛,向前胸放射接着自脚开始麻木,并逐渐向上发展。检查:感觉平面在胸骨剑突下,双下肢截瘫,奎肯试验梗阻,脑脊液蛋白升高,排尿费力。临床应考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸髓髓内肿瘤", "B": "颈髓髓外肿瘤", "C": "胸髓髓外肿瘤", "D": "脊髓空洞症"}, "answer": "胸髓髓外肿瘤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,29岁,l0个月前起病,言语错乱。别人难以理解,骂人毁物,逐渐言语活动减少,不能与周围人沟通。近3个月来呆坐少语,自笑,认为自己的事别人都能知晓,有人要害自己。精神检查:意识清晰,目光表情呆滞,耳边有命令性幻听,被害妄想,被洞悉感,有思维中断。躯体及神经系统检查未见异常。该病人诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "抑郁症", "C": "内分泌疾病所致精神障碍", "D": "偏执性精神障碍"}, "answer": "精神分裂症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.体温调节中枢位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "延髓", "B": "脑桥", "C": "中脑", "D": "下丘脑"}, "answer": "下丘脑", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,60岁,突发不能说话,右上下肢无力,约20分钟恢复,反复发作,发作后检查,神经系统正常。首先要考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑栓塞", "B": "局限性癫痫", "C": "颈内动脉系统TIA", "D": "椎基底动脉系统TIA"}, "answer": "颈内动脉系统TIA", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,28岁,自觉清晨双手指问和掌指关节强直半年,近2个月关节肿胀伴活动障碍。服用非甾体类抗炎药和金制剂等,疗效不满意。2.为明确诊断,建议行以下检查中的(  )。", "options": {"A": "双手、足X线片", "B": "抗核抗体谱", "C": "类风湿因子", "D": "以上均可"}, "answer": "以上均可", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "氨苄西林主要用于治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "伤寒、副伤寒", "B": "钩端螺旋体病", "C": "衣原体感染", "D": "真菌"}, "answer": "伤寒、副伤寒", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列化学键维系蛋白质四级结构的主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氢键", "B": "二硫键", "C": "疏水键", "D": "范德华力"}, "answer": "疏水键", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "24岁初孕妇,妊娠43周,自觉胎动减少已2日。血压110/70mmHg,枕左前位,无头盆不称征象。1.该孕妇最重要的检查项目是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎儿监护仪检测胎心变化、血常规、Bishop宫颈成熟度评分", "B": "测量子宫长度和腹围、超声多普勒测胎心数", "C": "B型超声检测、四部触诊、胎儿监护仪检测胎心变化、Bishop宫颈成熟度评分", "D": "超声多普勒测胎心数"}, "answer": "B型超声检测、四部触诊、胎儿监护仪检测胎心变化、Bishop宫颈成熟度评分", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "胚胎造血首先出现在(  )。", "options": {"A": "胸腺", "B": "卵黄囊", "C": "骨髓", "D": "淋巴结"}, "answer": "卵黄囊", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是苯二氮类药物的作用机制?(  )", "options": {"A": "与苯二氮受体结合,生成新的抑制性蛋白起作用", "B": "直接和GABA受体结合,增加GABA神经元的功能", "C": "与其受体结合后促进GABA与相应受体结合,增加Cl-通道开放频率", "D": "与其受体结合后促进GABA与相应受体结合,增加Cl-通道开放的时间"}, "answer": "与其受体结合后促进GABA与相应受体结合,增加Cl-通道开放频率", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.急性风湿热伴有心脏炎有心力衰竭者,应卧床休息至少(  )。", "options": {"A": "2周", "B": "4周", "C": "8周", "D": "3个月左右"}, "answer": "8周", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "小儿支气管肺炎,以下哪项不是应用肾上腺皮质的指征?(  )", "options": {"A": "严重咳嗽", "B": "喘憋严重", "C": "感染性休克", "D": "中毒性脑病"}, "answer": "严重咳嗽", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "确诊结核性脑膜炎最可靠的依据为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑膜刺激征阳性", "B": "OT试验阳性", "C": "脑脊液糖和氯化物含量同时减少", "D": "脑脊液中有蜘蛛网薄膜形成取其涂片检菌阳性"}, "answer": "脑脊液中有蜘蛛网薄膜形成取其涂片检菌阳性", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男婴,40天,过期产,出生后第3天出现黄疸,至今尚未完全消退。生后少哭,少动。吃奶尚可,排便2天1次,色黄。腹软较胀,有脐疝,肝肋下2cm。血清总胆红素170μmol/L,结合胆红素21μmol/L,血红蛋白110g/L,红细胞3.8×109/L。3.应及时给予何种治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "外科手术", "B": "甲状腺素片口服", "C": "应用有效抗生素", "D": "应用抗病毒药"}, "answer": "甲状腺素片口服", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "大叶性肺炎属于哪一种炎症?(  )", "options": {"A": "纤维素性炎", "B": "卡他性炎", "C": "出血性炎", "D": "浆液性炎"}, "answer": "纤维素性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某地因煤气泄漏致使多人中毒,其中昏迷者被送到医院,最有效的抢救措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "高压氧治疗", "B": "冬眠疗法", "C": "血液透析", "D": "甘露醇脱水疗法"}, "answer": "高压氧治疗", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.伦理委员会审查的内容不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "受试者的知情同意", "B": "医学新技术研究项目", "C": "受试者的个人隐私", "D": "对生物学研究项目进行伦理审查、检查和监督"}, "answer": "受试者的个人隐私", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "与CO2呼出量关系最密切的肺功能指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺活量", "B": "肺泡通气量", "C": "最大通气量", "D": "用力呼气量"}, "answer": "肺泡通气量", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "26岁女性,3小时前摔伤左前臂,来院检查发现前臂肿胀、瘀斑、剧痛,并有短缩成角畸形,诊断首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "尺神经损伤", "B": "前臂软组织挫伤", "C": "尺桡骨双折", "D": "桡骨骨折"}, "answer": "尺桡骨双折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "决定急性肠梗阻手术探查的最主要依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是否为绞窄性肠梗阻", "B": "近端肠管扩张程度", "C": "是否为完全性梗阻", "D": "梗阻持续时间"}, "answer": "是否为绞窄性肠梗阻", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.破伤风梭菌有(  )。", "options": {"A": "毒性休克综合征毒素-1(TSSTl)", "B": "红疹毒素", "C": "鞭毛", "D": "菌毛"}, "answer": "鞭毛", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "每分钟肺泡通气量等于下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺通气量的1/2", "B": "(潮气量-生理无效腔)×呼吸频率", "C": "机能余气量", "D": "(肺通气量-生理无效腔)×呼吸频率"}, "answer": "(潮气量-生理无效腔)×呼吸频率", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一位年轻的住院医师建议一位高血压患者注意清淡饮食,这位患者认为自己的生活经验比这位医生多得多,故而没有听从,出现这种情况的最根本原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医生没有丰富的经验", "B": "医生太年轻,说话没分量", "C": "没有建立良好的医患关系", "D": "患者的角色行为缺如"}, "answer": "没有建立良好的医患关系", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "按诊疗同意制度,无法取得患者意见又无家属或者关系人在场,或者遇到其他特殊情况时,下列处理措施恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可以由经治医生与其他医生商量后决定施行", "B": "经治医师提出处置方案后,由无利害关系的人2人以上在场见证情况下施行", "C": "经治医师提出处置方案,取得医疗机构负责人批准后实施", "D": "经治医师决定,其他医护人员在场见证情况下施行"}, "answer": "经治医师提出处置方案,取得医疗机构负责人批准后实施", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.稽留流产(  )。", "options": {"A": "易引起DIC", "B": "易引起失血性休克", "C": "易引起宫颈粘连", "D": "易致肠管损伤"}, "answer": "易引起DIC", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.开具普通处方,其药物用量一般不超过的日数是(  )。", "options": {"A": "10日", "B": "2日", "C": "3日", "D": "7日"}, "answer": "7日", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,43岁,25年前曾发现蛋白尿,一直未检查和治疗,2周前出现恶心、呕吐。查体:血压190/120mmHg,轻度水肿,血肌酐360μmol/L,B超双肾缩小。1.下列检查项目中不应进行的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血常规", "B": "内生肌酐清除率", "C": "静脉肾盂造影", "D": "心电图检查"}, "answer": "静脉肾盂造影", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医疗保健机构提供的母婴保健指导的内容不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "对孕妇提供心理方面的指导", "B": "对孕妇提供营养方面的指导", "C": "对指定传染病的发病、治疗和预防方法提供医学意见", "D": "对碘缺乏症等地方病的发病原因,治疗和预防提供医学意见"}, "answer": "对碘缺乏症等地方病的发病原因,治疗和预防提供医学意见", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "牛奶制品中,不宜作为婴儿主食的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "蒸发乳", "B": "酸奶", "C": "甜炼乳", "D": "配方奶粉"}, "answer": "甜炼乳", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述关于深部脓肿的描述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有凹陷性水肿", "B": "局部有疼痛与压痛", "C": "可扪及波动感", "D": "有明显全身症状"}, "answer": "可扪及波动感", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,22岁,月经增多8个月,2周来牙龈出血,下肢皮肤散在出血点与瘀斑,血红蛋白789/L,白细胞5.0×109/L,临床考虑为特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)。2.该患者用糖皮质激素治疗,哪一项叙述正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "能使血小板迅速上升", "B": "适用于反复发作的慢性ITP", "C": "降低毛细胞血管脆性减轻出血", "D": "血小板升至正常后即可停药"}, "answer": "降低毛细胞血管脆性减轻出血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列情形中,可以参加执业助理医师资格考试的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "有中等专业学校医学专业学历,在保健机构中工作满6个月的", "B": "有中等专业学校医学专业学历的", "C": "有高等学校医学专科学历的", "D": "有高等学校医学专科学历,在医疗机构试用期满1年的"}, "answer": "有高等学校医学专科学历,在医疗机构试用期满1年的", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "鉴定幽门螺杆菌的重要依据(  )。", "options": {"A": "运动活泼,生化反应活泼", "B": "产生大量尿素酶,分解尿素为氨", "C": "革兰阴性无芽孢菌", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "产生大量尿素酶,分解尿素为氨", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "6个月患儿,腹泻、水样便,每天10余次,为稀水样便。今日病儿昏睡,呼吸深快,尿量极少,四肢厥冷。二氧化碳结合力8mmol/L,血钾4.0mmol/L,血钠140mmol/L。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "重度脱水酸中毒", "B": "重度脱水,低钾血症", "C": "中度脱水酸中毒", "D": "重度脱水酸中毒,低钾血症"}, "answer": "重度脱水酸中毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "常用的诊断苯丙酮尿症的试验方法,以下不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Guthrie细菌生长抑制试验", "B": "三氯化铁试验", "C": "尿碟呤分析", "D": "苯丙氨酸-4-羟化酶活性测定"}, "answer": "苯丙氨酸-4-羟化酶活性测定", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于生殖器疱疹的治疗,应选择的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "环丙沙星", "B": "阿奇霉素", "C": "阿昔洛韦", "D": "红霉素"}, "answer": "阿昔洛韦", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.阈上刺激可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "锋电位", "B": "负后电位", "C": "正后电位", "D": "局部电位"}, "answer": "锋电位", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "二尖瓣狭窄患者出现右心衰竭时最可能缓解的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈静脉怒张", "B": "肝脏压痛", "C": "双下肢水肿", "D": "呼吸困难"}, "answer": "呼吸困难", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是不宜使用胰岛素的病人?(  )", "options": {"A": "糖尿病合并心肌梗死", "B": "糖尿病患者妊娠或分娩", "C": "糖尿病患者过度肥胖", "D": "糖尿病患者手术前后"}, "answer": "糖尿病患者过度肥胖", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于血清学诊断方法,下述哪一项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "伤寒——肥达反应", "B": "斑疹伤寒——外斐反应", "C": "梅毒——瓦色曼试验", "D": "结核——结核菌素试验"}, "answer": "结核——结核菌素试验", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "结核结节中最具有诊断意义的细胞成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "朗罕巨细胞和上皮样细胞", "B": "淋巴细胞和上皮样细胞", "C": "上皮样细胞和异物巨细胞", "D": "异物巨细胞和成纤维细胞"}, "answer": "朗罕巨细胞和上皮样细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "健康危害因素评价的主要目的在于(  )。", "options": {"A": "改善人类生活环境", "B": "便于疾病的早期诊断", "C": "控制传染病的传播", "D": "促进人们改变不良的行为生活方式"}, "answer": "促进人们改变不良的行为生活方式", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于原发性肺结核病的描述,哪项是对的?(  )", "options": {"A": "仅见于儿童", "B": "较易发生支气管播散", "C": "易经淋巴管发生肺内播散", "D": "易发生慢性空洞"}, "answer": "易经淋巴管发生肺内播散", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,35岁,间断咳嗽、咳痰10余年,加重5天,每次发作均咳出大量脓性痰,5天前再次发作,并逐渐加重,查胸部X线片示右下肺多发薄壁囊腔,部分可见液平。查体:右下肺可闻及湿啰音,该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺囊肿", "B": "慢性肺脓肿", "C": "肺包虫病", "D": "支气管扩张"}, "answer": "慢性肺脓肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不是由MHC基因编码的分子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HLA-I类分子的α1链", "B": "HLA-Ⅱ类分子的α3链", "C": "HLA-Ⅲ类分子", "D": "β2M"}, "answer": "β2M", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.肺炎链球菌脑膜炎选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "氨苄青霉素", "B": "青霉素", "C": "庆大霉素", "D": "万古霉素"}, "answer": "青霉素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下肢深静脉血栓形成,可引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "下肢坏疽", "B": "门静脉栓塞", "C": "肺动脉栓塞", "D": "脑动脉栓塞"}, "answer": "肺动脉栓塞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.检查血清中Ig各组分含量的方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直接凝集", "B": "单向琼脂扩散", "C": "ELISA", "D": "荧光标记"}, "answer": "单向琼脂扩散", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "运用传统医患关系模式进行医疗活动的医生,所关心的问题不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "疾病的诊断", "B": "科学知识的解释", "C": "疾病的处理", "D": "病人的满意程度"}, "answer": "病人的满意程度", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.诊断甲亢的首选实验室检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "FT3、FT4", "B": "TT3、TT4", "C": "rT3", "D": "甲状腺摄131I率"}, "answer": "TT3、TT4", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胃癌最常见的病理类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鳞状细胞癌", "B": "小细胞癌", "C": "印戒细胞癌", "D": "腺癌"}, "answer": "腺癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对诊断缺铁性贫血最有意义的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞平均体积降低", "B": "红细胞平均直径变小", "C": "血清铁降低", "D": "骨髓象幼红细胞增生活跃"}, "answer": "血清铁降低", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "长期应用易使血钾升高的药物(  )。", "options": {"A": "布美他尼", "B": "依他尼", "C": "螺内酯", "D": "氢氯噻嗪"}, "answer": "螺内酯", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "《精神卫生法》规定承担精神障碍患者再次诊断的精神科执业医师人数是(  )。", "options": {"A": "5人", "B": "2人", "C": "1人", "D": "3人"}, "answer": "2人", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,16岁。骤起严重水肿入院,血压正常,腹水征(+),尿蛋白(++++),红细胞0~2个/HP,24小时尿蛋白定量6g,血Cr 100μmol/L,血C3正常,血白蛋白24g/L。入院后予泼尼松每日40mg口服。2周后肾活检示:肾小球系膜轻度增生,肾小管上皮细胞空泡变性,免疫荧光检查(-),电镜下见上皮细胞足突融合。治疗6周后蛋白尿明显减少,8周后完全缓解。4.[假设信息]如患者确诊为狼疮肾炎,下列治疗中哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "细胞毒类药物", "B": "环孢素", "C": "抗凝溶栓治疗", "D": "庆大霉素"}, "answer": "庆大霉素", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,60岁,咳嗽、痰中带血、体重减轻2个月,曾予青霉素800万单位肌注5天,口服止咳、祛痰药无效。体格检查;左外侧胸第4、5肋间语颤减低,叩诊浊音,WBC 8.7×109/L,N 0.69。2.确诊最有价值的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "MRI", "B": "血CEA", "C": "ESR", "D": "纤维支气管镜"}, "answer": "纤维支气管镜", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男5岁,浮肿1个月,体检有高度浮肿,血压16/10kPa,尿蛋白(+++),24小时尿蛋白定量2500mg,尿沉渣RBC5~8个/HP,BUN5.4mmol/L。2.患儿突然出现肉眼血尿伴腰痛,最可能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "并发泌尿系感染", "B": "肾功能衰竭", "C": "并发肾静脉血栓", "D": "并发肾结石"}, "answer": "并发肾静脉血栓", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于子宫脱垂的描述,以下哪项错误?(  )", "options": {"A": "一旦诊断子宫脱垂均应手术治疗", "B": "子宫脱垂常合并阴道前后壁膨出", "C": "子宫脱垂应与子宫内翻、黏膜下肌瘤等鉴别", "D": "产后禁止参加重体力劳动是预防子宫脱垂的关键"}, "answer": "一旦诊断子宫脱垂均应手术治疗", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性风湿热治疗时,早期使用糖皮质激素的指征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "环形红斑", "B": "心脏炎", "C": "皮下小结", "D": "舞蹈病"}, "answer": "心脏炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,40岁。无痛性双侧颈部淋巴结进行性肿大伴发热半个月,发病以来体温最高37.5℃,无盗汗,体重无明显变化。查体:双侧颈部各触及一个2cm×2cm大小淋巴结,左腋窝一个2cm×1cm大小淋巴结,活动,无压痛,腹软,肝脾肋下未触及。化验:Hb 126g/L,WBC 5.3×109/L,PLT 155×109/L,胸腹部CT未见明显淋巴结肿大,右颈部淋巴结活检为弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤。本例最可能的分期是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ⅡA", "B": "ⅡB", "C": "ⅢA", "D": "ⅠA"}, "answer": "ⅡA", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,25岁,于8月份突然发病,表现为发冷、寒战、高热、大汗而后缓解,隔日发作一次,已两周,血涂片查到疟原虫。经氯喹抗疟治疗后症状迅速缓解,为防止复发,应选用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "奎宁", "B": "甲氟喹", "C": "青蒿素", "D": "伯氨喹"}, "answer": "伯氨喹", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "青年男性,2天来胸背部疼痛,今晨出现双下肢无力,伴二便障碍,查体:脐以下各种感觉障碍,双下肢肌力0级,无病理反射。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓出血", "B": "脊髓肿瘤", "C": "急性脊髓炎", "D": "大脑旁脑膜瘤"}, "answer": "急性脊髓炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性乳房炎的首发症状为(  )。", "options": {"A": "局部硬块", "B": "搏动性疼痛", "C": "患侧腋窝淋巴结肿大", "D": "乳房肿胀疼痛"}, "answer": "乳房肿胀疼痛", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者7个月,咳嗽、喘息3天。查体:37.0℃,鼻翼扇动,口唇轻度发绀,双肺闻及广泛的哮鸣音及少许中小水泡音,临床初步诊断是毛细支气管肺炎。本病最突出的临床特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有明显的中毒症状", "B": "体温一般不超过38℃", "C": "肺部有明显的湿性啰音", "D": "突发喘憋、呼吸困难"}, "answer": "突发喘憋、呼吸困难", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "心身疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心理社会因素引起的躯体疾病", "B": "心理社会因素引起的神经症", "C": "心理社会因素引起的生理反应", "D": "心理社会因素引起的器官系统功能性反应"}, "answer": "心理社会因素引起的躯体疾病", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "风湿性心肌炎病变主要累及(  )。", "options": {"A": "心肌细胞", "B": "心肌间质结缔组织", "C": "心肌间质的小血管", "D": "心肌间质的嗜银纤维"}, "answer": "心肌间质结缔组织", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.肉毒毒素中毒的主要临床表现(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸数频,面色苍白", "B": "共济失调,全身麻痹瘫痪", "C": "视力模糊,眼睑下垂,复视", "D": "酒醉步,自主神经功能紊乱"}, "answer": "视力模糊,眼睑下垂,复视", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列对于风湿病的叙述中,不正确的提法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发病与溶血性链球菌感染有关", "B": "属于变态反应性疾病", "C": "以心脏受累的后果最严重", "D": "风湿性关节炎常可导致关节畸形"}, "answer": "风湿性关节炎常可导致关节畸形", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,23岁。排便次数增多1个月。大便带血,直肠指诊于直肠侧壁触及柔软,光滑、有蒂包块。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血栓性外痔", "B": "肛周脓肿", "C": "直肠息肉", "D": "直肠癌"}, "answer": "直肠息肉", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "病人突然昏迷、抽搐、瞳孔缩小、皮肤湿冷、多汗、呼吸困难,应考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "C0中毒", "B": "中暑", "C": "阿托品中毒", "D": "有机磷农药中毒"}, "answer": "有机磷农药中毒", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,70岁。进行性排尿困难10年,夜尿3~4次。从未药物治疗。直肠指检:前列腺体积增大,中央沟消失,表面尚光滑,质地中等。B超:双肾无积水,输尿管未见扩张。最大尿流速率10ml/s。1.首先考虑的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "膀胱结石", "B": "膀胱颈部挛缩", "C": "前列腺癌", "D": "前列腺增生"}, "answer": "前列腺增生", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于内生殖器解剖正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "站立时直肠子宫陷凹为女性腹膜腔最低位置", "B": "子宫韧带共有3对", "C": "子宫峡部非孕期长约2cm", "D": "子宫内膜各层均发生周期性变化"}, "answer": "站立时直肠子宫陷凹为女性腹膜腔最低位置", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "硫脲类严重的不良反应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "过敏反应", "B": "粒细胞缺乏症", "C": "甲状腺功能低下", "D": "新生儿甲状腺肿"}, "answer": "粒细胞缺乏症", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5.感染后脓液恶臭,涂片后革兰氏阴性杆菌普遍培养阴性(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "B": "溶血性链球菌", "C": "铜绿假单胞菌", "D": "拟杆菌"}, "answer": "拟杆菌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不符合精神检查原则的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "针对患者的自述症状,应与其认真讨论并当面纠正", "B": "先问一般性问题,后问实质性问题", "C": "在交谈过程中需注意非语言性交流", "D": "先提开放式问题,后提封闭式问题"}, "answer": "针对患者的自述症状,应与其认真讨论并当面纠正", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一般不宜应用糖皮质激素类药物的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中毒性肺炎", "B": "重症肺炎", "C": "腮腺炎", "D": "中毒性菌痢"}, "answer": "腮腺炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,48岁,近半年来记忆力渐差,刚讲过的话就忘记了,把别人做的事情说成是自己做的且不认识家人,有时在深夜看到有人影晃动,大量饮酒10年,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Wernicke脑病", "B": "酒精性狂想综合征", "C": "柯萨科夫综合征", "D": "酒精性幻觉症"}, "answer": "柯萨科夫综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于下丘脑与垂体之间的关系的叙述,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "下丘脑一些神经元具有内分泌细胞的作用而影响垂体功能", "B": "下丘脑室旁核的神经元轴突延伸终止于腺垂体", "C": "下丘脑与腺垂体之间的功能联系通过垂体门脉系统", "D": "下丘脑为枢纽,把神经调节和体液调节紧密联系起来"}, "answer": "下丘脑室旁核的神经元轴突延伸终止于腺垂体", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,46岁。突发性右侧肢体无力,伴头痛、呕吐,排黑便3次。有高血压和糖尿病病史4年。黑便的原因很可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃癌", "B": "胃溃疡", "C": "急性胃黏膜病变", "D": "胃黏膜脱垂"}, "answer": "急性胃黏膜病变", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,40岁。10小时前搬重物时突发上胸部疼痛,呈撕裂样,并逐渐向下胸部和腹部延伸。高血压病史15年。查体:T 36.3℃,BP 170/100mmHg(左上肢),BP 140/75mmHg(右上肢)。心率105次/分,心律齐。腹平软,Murphy征阴性。CK-MB正常。心电图:正常。胸部X线片显示主动脉明显增宽。该患者胸痛最可能的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "变异型心绞痛", "B": "主动脉夹层", "C": "急性胆囊炎", "D": "急性心包炎"}, "answer": "主动脉夹层", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "为提高脓毒症病人血培养阳性率,抽血时间最好在(  )。", "options": {"A": "寒战开始时", "B": "发热开始时", "C": "发热结束时", "D": "预计寒战发热前"}, "answer": "预计寒战发热前", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于CD2分子的描述,正确的有(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD2分子表达于胸腺细胞、B细胞和NK细胞", "B": "增强T细胞与APC或靶细胞之间的黏附", "C": "与信号介导无关", "D": "促进B细胞对抗原的识别"}, "answer": "增强T细胞与APC或靶细胞之间的黏附", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5.增强机体对应激刺激耐受能力的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲状旁腺激素", "B": "胰高血糖素", "C": "甲状腺激素", "D": "糖皮质激素"}, "answer": "糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述哪一项是乙肝病毒复制指标?(  )", "options": {"A": "抗HBe", "B": "HBsAg", "C": "HBeAg", "D": "抗HBcIgG"}, "answer": "HBeAg", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿1岁,生后牛奶喂养,未加辅食,晒太阳少,平日易腹泻。体检:发育营养中等,无特殊外貌,有肋骨串珠及肋膈沟,轻度鸡胸,化验血钙2.0mmol/L,血磷1.0mmol/L,碱性磷酸酶(金法)300U/L。2.该患儿诊断及治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "佝偻病后遗症期,不需治疗", "B": "佝偻病激期,维生素D330万IU/次,每2~4周1次,用2次", "C": "甲状腺功能低下,补充甲状腺素", "D": "软骨营养不良,无特效治疗"}, "answer": "佝偻病激期,维生素D330万IU/次,每2~4周1次,用2次", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,36岁,突然寒战高热,腰痛并尿急,尿痛1周,既往无类似病史,检查:体温39.4℃,右侧肾区叩击痛阳性,尿蛋白(+),白细胞20~30个/HP,白细胞管型0~2个/低倍,比重1.022。3.为了确定诊断还需要做的最主要的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血β2微球蛋白", "B": "血BUN", "C": "尿细菌培养", "D": "血肌酐"}, "answer": "尿细菌培养", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "改善急性左心衰竭症状最有效的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "利尿剂", "B": "洋地黄", "C": "钙离子拮抗剂", "D": "血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂"}, "answer": "利尿剂", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.对立克次体感染最有效的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "四环素", "B": "利巴韦林", "C": "妥布霉素", "D": "林可霉素"}, "answer": "四环素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在化脓性脑膜炎与病毒脑膜炎在脑脊液检查中有根本区别的项目是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑脊液压力", "B": "脑脊液透明", "C": "蛋白增高程度", "D": "糖含量减少"}, "answer": "糖含量减少", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于原发性肝癌的转移,下列哪项说法不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "肝内血行转移发生最早,也最为常见", "B": "容易侵犯门静脉分支形成癌栓", "C": "肝外血行转移中,转移至肺的几率达半数", "D": "种植转移常见"}, "answer": "种植转移常见", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,48岁。呕血5小时入院。查体:P 120次/分,BP 80/55mmHg。神志不清,营养状况差。巩膜明显黄染,腹壁可见静脉曲张,肝肋下可触及,质地坚硬,边缘较钝,脾肋下6cm,移动性浊音阳性,肠鸣音弱。3.此时不宜采取的处理措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急诊手术", "B": "静脉注射垂体后叶素", "C": "内镜下止血治疗", "D": "试用三腔管压迫止血"}, "answer": "急诊手术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "血浆与组织液各种成分浓度的主要区别是(  )。", "options": {"A": "K+", "B": "Na+", "C": "蛋白质", "D": "有机酸"}, "answer": "蛋白质", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,62岁。反复无痛肉眼血尿3个月。偶伴尿频、尿急。查体:一般状态好,轻度贫血貌,双肾未触及,首先应考虑的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "泌尿系感染", "B": "前列腺增生", "C": "膀胱肿瘤", "D": "膀胱结石"}, "answer": "膀胱肿瘤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,15岁。2天前被社会青年欺负以后,感紧张、恐惧,不敢上学,晚上常梦见类似情景。要求家人陪伴,稍有响动就感紧张。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人格解体障碍", "B": "惊恐障碍", "C": "急性应激障碍", "D": "创伤后应激障碍"}, "answer": "创伤后应激障碍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪种情况,不是狭窄性腱鞘炎的体征(  )。", "options": {"A": "弹响指", "B": "Mills阳性", "C": "扳机指", "D": "鼓槌指"}, "answer": "Mills阳性", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,女,3岁。自幼活动后气促,平素易患上呼吸道感染及支气管肺炎。体检:体格瘦小,无发绀,双肺呼吸音粗,P2增强,胸骨左缘第2肋间闻及粗糙响亮的连续性机器样杂音,可闻及股动脉枪击音。3.以下哪种体征在此患儿不可能出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "声音嘶哑", "B": "P2增强", "C": "脉压减小", "D": "股动脉枪击音"}, "answer": "脉压减小", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列不符合腹型过敏性紫癜临床表现的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "恶心、呕吐", "B": "便秘", "C": "腹泻", "D": "便血"}, "answer": "便秘", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "与金黄色葡萄球菌同在血琼脂平板上培养可生成卫星现象的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "白喉棒状杆菌", "B": "流感嗜血杆菌", "C": "霍乱弧菌", "D": "炭疽芽孢杆菌"}, "answer": "流感嗜血杆菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "构成传染病流行过程的必备因素有(  )。", "options": {"A": "宿主,环境,病因", "B": "传染源,传播途径,易感人群", "C": "寄生虫,中间宿主,终末宿主", "D": "社会因素,自然因素,遗传因素"}, "answer": "传染源,传播途径,易感人群", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "钩端螺旋体病最常见的临床类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "流感伤寒型", "B": "肺出血型", "C": "黄疸出血型", "D": "肾功能衰竭型"}, "answer": "流感伤寒型", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "风湿性心肌炎具有特征性诊断意义的病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纤维素大量渗出", "B": "心肌间质水肿", "C": "心肌血管扩张和充血", "D": "心肌间质血管旁阿少夫小体形成"}, "answer": "心肌间质血管旁阿少夫小体形成", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,2岁,经常患感冒和肺炎。查体:心前区隆起,无震颤,胸骨左缘第2肋间可闻及Ⅱ级喷射性杂音,P2>A2,伴有固定分裂,心电显示电轴右偏,V1呈rsR′波型,RV114mm,PV12mm,PR间期0.16秒。该患儿考虑为何种先天性心脏病?(  )", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "动脉导管未闭", "C": "室间隔缺损", "D": "法洛四联症"}, "answer": "房间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "深静脉血栓形成最常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "上肢深静脉", "B": "上腔静脉", "C": "下腔静脉", "D": "下肢深静脉"}, "answer": "下肢深静脉", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,62岁。发热,咳嗽,咳浓痰3天,支气管扩张病史20年,近年来曾因感染反复住院治疗,频繁使用广谱抗生素,查体:体温38.5℃,左下肿可闻及湿性啰音,心率90次/分,律齐,患者感染的病原体最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎支原体", "B": "铜绿假单胞菌", "C": "肺炎克雷伯杆菌", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,35岁。田间耕作时被带锈铁钉刺伤右足,伤口约3cm,自行包扎未就医。6天后患者出现全身乏力,头晕,头痛,并觉张口困难,颈强直(+),头后仰,角弓反张。对造成该疾病的致病菌特点的描述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌形态为球菌", "B": "致病菌素主要为内毒素", "C": "感染必须具有缺氧环境", "D": "革兰染色阴性"}, "answer": "感染必须具有缺氧环境", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪一项符合M3特点?(  )", "options": {"A": "无Auer小体", "B": "过氧化物酶阴性", "C": "非特异酯酶阴性", "D": "苏丹黑染色阴性"}, "answer": "非特异酯酶阴性", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于情绪情感的概念的理解不恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "人本身的生理状态也可以成为情绪情感的来源", "B": "在情绪和情感的产生过程中,需要起着关键性作用", "C": "情绪情感从本质上来讲是一种态度", "D": "两极性是情绪情感的重要性质"}, "answer": "情绪情感从本质上来讲是一种态度", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某医疗机构1周内收治多名患手足口病的小学生,未按规定履行报告职责,也未及时采取控制措施,致使疫情扩散。县卫生行政部门得知此情况后立即启动应急预案,及时控制了疫情,同时对事件进行调查,认为该医疗机构行为违法且情节严重,依法做出了处理。该处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "责令改正", "B": "通报批评", "C": "吊销《医疗机构执业许可证》", "D": "暂停执业活动"}, "answer": "吊销《医疗机构执业许可证》", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于“基因表达”的概念叙述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "其过程总是经历基因转录及翻译的过程", "B": "某些基因表达经历基因转录及翻译等过程", "C": "某些基因表达产物是蛋白质分子", "D": "某些基因表达产物不是蛋白质分子"}, "answer": "其过程总是经历基因转录及翻译的过程", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,5周岁,2周前曾患上呼吸道感染,目前不规则发热,易疲倦,脸色略苍白。查体:心率增快,心尖部第一心音减弱,并可闻及早搏。心电检查:P—R间期延长,ST段下移。实验室检查:C反应蛋白增高。1.该患儿的临床诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "风湿性心包炎", "B": "风湿性心肌炎", "C": "结核性心包炎", "D": "类风湿性心包炎"}, "answer": "风湿性心肌炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不属于医学心理学研究对象的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动物的心理发育", "B": "人的不良行为", "C": "人际关系紧张", "D": "人群心理健康水平"}, "answer": "动物的心理发育", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪组疾病可引起痴呆(  )。", "options": {"A": "帕金森病,阿尔茨海默病,路易体痴呆", "B": "慢性硬膜下血肿,神经梅毒,脑外伤", "C": "甲状腺功能低下,高胰岛素血症,血卟啉病", "D": "以上均可"}, "answer": "以上均可", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不利于医院整体效应发挥的是群体间的(  )。", "options": {"A": "互补", "B": "师承", "C": "离心", "D": "合作"}, "answer": "离心", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "老年人继发性肾病综合征常见的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙肝病毒相关性肾炎", "B": "过敏性紫癜肾病", "C": "轻链沉积病", "D": "糖尿病肾病"}, "answer": "糖尿病肾病", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "颅内血肿病人,腰椎穿刺后意识丧失,首先考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "发生脑疝", "B": "脑血管痉挛", "C": "颅内压增高", "D": "脑干原发损害"}, "answer": "发生脑疝", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列有关RNA的叙述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "RNA主要有mRNA、tRNA和rRNA三类", "B": "胞质中只有mRNA和tRNA", "C": "RNA并不全是单链结构", "D": "rRNA可与蛋白质结合"}, "answer": "胞质中只有mRNA和tRNA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "成人新鲜股骨干闭合性横折患者,治疗时首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "切开复位内固定", "B": "皮牵引加小夹板固定", "C": "手法复位,髋“人”字石膏固定", "D": "手法复位,夹板固定"}, "answer": "切开复位内固定", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "急性血源性骨髓炎早期局部穿刺的正确方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一次穿入骨膜下", "B": "一次穿入骨髓腔", "C": "逐层穿刺", "D": "仅刺入软组织即可"}, "answer": "逐层穿刺", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者外伤致腓骨小头处骨折,伤后患足不能背屈,其原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胫前肌损伤", "B": "胫后肌损伤", "C": "腓总神经损伤", "D": "胫后神经损伤"}, "answer": "腓总神经损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "50岁,女性,患心绞痛2年余,因情绪激动突然发作比以前严重的胸痛,疑为急性心肌梗死,以下哪项措施最有诊断价值?(  )", "options": {"A": "T波明显倒置", "B": "Q波大于同导联R波振幅的1/5", "C": "血中肌红蛋白增高", "D": "GPT升高"}, "answer": "血中肌红蛋白增高", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "可引起毒性休克综合征的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑膜炎奈瑟菌", "B": "甲型溶血性链球菌", "C": "铜绿假单胞菌", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.神经根型颈椎病可出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "Mills试验阳性", "B": "肘关节活动受限", "C": "肩关节外展受限", "D": "肩部疼痛、无活动受限"}, "answer": "肩部疼痛、无活动受限", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "人工流产术后12日,仍有较多阴道流血,应首先考虑的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫穿孔", "B": "子宫复旧不良", "C": "吸宫不全", "D": "子宫内膜炎"}, "answer": "吸宫不全", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪一项不是蛋白质二级结构的形式(  )。", "options": {"A": "α右手螺旋", "B": "β-折叠", "C": "β-转角", "D": "α双股螺旋"}, "answer": "α双股螺旋", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "测定肺换气效率较好的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "时间肺活量", "B": "肺活量", "C": "通气与血流比值", "D": "肺通气量"}, "answer": "通气与血流比值", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对精神障碍患者实施住院治疗须经监护人同意的情形是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医疗费用需要自理", "B": "没有办理住院手续能力", "C": "发生伤害自身行为", "D": "有伤害他人的安全危险"}, "answer": "发生伤害自身行为", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有一名6岁男孩,3天前右额碰在桌子角上,当时能哭,现右额颞部头皮隆起,局部触之有12cm×12cm波动区,无神经系统定位症状,头颅CT片示右额颞头皮肿胀。1.诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头皮挫伤", "B": "骨膜下血肿", "C": "帽状筋膜下血肿", "D": "头皮下积液"}, "answer": "帽状筋膜下血肿", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "通过蛋白激酶G(PKG)通路发挥作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心钠素", "B": "胰高血糖素", "C": "肾上腺素", "D": "雌激素"}, "answer": "心钠素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "轮状病毒肠炎的特点不包括哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "夏季多见", "B": "常伴有发热", "C": "大便呈蛋花汤样", "D": "多见于6~24个月"}, "answer": "夏季多见", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,60岁。确诊为非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)Ⅲ期,最佳治疗方案为(  )。", "options": {"A": "放射治疗", "B": "化学治疗", "C": "手术治疗", "D": "骨髓移植"}, "answer": "化学治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在保护病人隐私时应考虑除外(  )。", "options": {"A": "患者不愿让他人知道的变态心理,要求绝对保密", "B": "患者不愿让他人知道的家庭生活,要求绝对保密", "C": "患者不愿让他人知道的不良诊断,要求绝对保密", "D": "患者不愿让他人知道的艾滋病病情,要求绝对保密"}, "answer": "患者不愿让他人知道的艾滋病病情,要求绝对保密", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项不属于小细胞性贫血?(  )", "options": {"A": "缺铁性贫血", "B": "海洋性贫血", "C": "铁粒幼细胞性贫血", "D": "再生障碍性贫血"}, "answer": "再生障碍性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "确诊肾综合征出血热,多尿期、低血钾,此时病人补钾哪一项措施是危险的(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉推注", "B": "大量口服", "C": "等比例静脉输液", "D": "停用利尿剂"}, "answer": "静脉推注", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者右侧角膜直接反射存在,间接反射消失,哪根神经发生病变?(  )", "options": {"A": "左面神经", "B": "左侧三叉神经", "C": "右侧三叉神经", "D": "左侧动眼神经"}, "answer": "左侧三叉神经", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,25岁,背部刀伤,伤口流血2h,体查:神志尚清楚,诉口渴,皮肤苍白,稍冷,脉搏110/min,血压12/9.33kPA(90/70mmHg),脉压小,表浅静脉塌陷,尿少。3.应采取何种措施?(  )", "options": {"A": "门诊观察", "B": "全血细胞计数", "C": "收住院手术治疗", "D": "输血"}, "answer": "收住院手术治疗", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "目前降低流行性出血热发病率最关键的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "加强卫生宣教", "B": "早期隔离病人", "C": "防螨、灭螨", "D": "防鼠、灭鼠"}, "answer": "防鼠、灭鼠", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.子宫颈癌主要播散的方式(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋巴转移和种植", "B": "血行转移和淋巴转移", "C": "直接蔓延和种植", "D": "直接蔓延和淋巴转移"}, "answer": "直接蔓延和淋巴转移", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "破伤风病人注射大量破伤风抗毒素的目的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "控制和解除痉挛", "B": "减少毒素的产生", "C": "中和游离的毒素", "D": "中和游离及结合的毒素"}, "answer": "中和游离的毒素", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医学心理学的基本观点不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动适应与调节的观点", "B": "认知评价的观点", "C": "情绪影响的观点", "D": "道德约束的观点"}, "answer": "道德约束的观点", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,35岁,2个月来发热、乏力伴消瘦,左颈、两侧腋窝和腹股沟部位可触及数个黄豆和蚕豆大小淋巴结,脾肋下3cm,血象正常,血沉80mm/h,胸部X线检查阴性,肝区B超正常,淋巴结活检为混合细胞型,淋巴瘤分期属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅱ期B", "B": "Ⅱ期A", "C": "Ⅲ期A", "D": "Ⅲ期B"}, "answer": "Ⅲ期B", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.发生在黏膜和浆膜的化脓性炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "糜烂", "B": "溃疡", "C": "窦道", "D": "表面化脓"}, "answer": "表面化脓", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "糖尿病酮症酸中毒的主要治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "纠正酸中毒,补充体液和电解质", "B": "中枢兴奋剂,纠正酸中毒", "C": "纠正酸中毒,应用胰岛素", "D": "补充体液和电解质,应用胰岛素"}, "answer": "补充体液和电解质,应用胰岛素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.替代途径的C3转化酶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "C", "B": "C3bBbp", "C": "C5a", "D": "C"}, "answer": "C3bBbp", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,65岁,既往体健,2~3年来记忆力逐渐下降,行为幼稚,与孙子争食,常把街上垃圾捡回家,不知自身清洁。否认有病。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "阿尔茨海默病性痴呆", "C": "老年期抑郁症", "D": "意识障碍"}, "answer": "阿尔茨海默病性痴呆", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对曾应用环丙沙星短期治疗疑诊伤寒的患者,下列哪种培养为优?(  )", "options": {"A": "骨髓培养", "B": "血培养", "C": "尿培养", "D": "胆汁培养"}, "answer": "骨髓培养", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "十二指肠球部前壁溃疡最常发生的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "穿孔", "B": "胆囊炎", "C": "胰腺炎", "D": "癌变"}, "answer": "穿孔", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "代谢性酸中毒,不易出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸增快", "B": "口唇呈樱桃红", "C": "易发生手足搐搦", "D": "精神萎靡、烦躁或嗜睡"}, "answer": "易发生手足搐搦", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,26岁。发热、咳嗽3天。胸部X线片示右下肺炎,右侧少量胸腔积液。血WBC 14.5×109/L,N 0.85。给予静脉点滴头孢曲松抗感染3天,体温无明显变化,查体示右肩胛线第8肋以下语颤减弱,叩诊呈实音。此时应采取的措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "继续目前治疗", "B": "胸腔穿刺抽液检查", "C": "痰培养+药敏", "D": "换用喹诺酮类药物"}, "answer": "胸腔穿刺抽液检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,55岁,双下肢无力半年,右侧明显,近2个月行走不稳,右手不能扣纽扣,无外伤史,无发热。查体:颈背部无明显压痛,两上肢前臂、手及上臂尺侧皮肤感觉减退,右侧尤其明显,四肢肌张力增高,肱二头肌反射亢进,双侧膝踝反射亢进,右髌阵挛阳性,右巴宾斯基征阳性。2.根据体格检查,确定病变节段为(  )。", "options": {"A": "颈5~6", "B": "颈7~胸1", "C": "颈6和颈7", "D": "臂丛神经"}, "answer": "颈5~6", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有一名53岁男患者,入院前3小时突然剧烈头痛伴呕吐,CT检查后入院,入院检查意识清,痛苦病容,四肢肌张力肌力改变不明显,项强直(+),头CT脑沟脑池有高密度影像,眼底检查玻璃体膜下片状出血。1.该病病例诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑出血", "B": "蛛网膜下腔出血", "C": "脑供血不全", "D": "脑膜炎"}, "answer": "蛛网膜下腔出血", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者男性,22岁,60kg,消防战士,因液化气爆燃致全身广泛烧伤,总面积达92%,其中Ⅲ度烧伤达88%,无明显吸入性损伤1.早期抗休克补液量估计为(  )。", "options": {"A": "7000~7500ml", "B": "7500~8000ml", "C": "10000~10500ml", "D": "11000ml以上"}, "answer": "10000~10500ml", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪一个脏器通常不会发生凝固性坏死?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑", "B": "肠", "C": "子宫", "D": "肺"}, "answer": "脑", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于氨基酰-tRNA合成酶的叙述,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "催化生成氨基酰-tRNA", "B": "催化生成氨基酰-ATP-E", "C": "能高度特异地识别氨基酸", "D": "能高度特异地识别tRNA"}, "answer": "催化生成氨基酰-ATP-E", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "有关脾破裂以下哪项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "行脾切除术", "B": "行脾缝合修补术", "C": "待失血性休克好转后手术", "D": "可收集腹腔内出血行自身输血"}, "answer": "待失血性休克好转后手术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,34岁,因急性阑尾炎穿孔伴局限性腹膜炎,行阑尾切除术后5天。仍有腹痛,腹胀,体温38℃以上,大便3~5次/d,有下坠感。WBC 18×109/L。2.为明确诊断,首先应做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B超", "B": "直肠指诊检查", "C": "X线胸腹部摄片", "D": "粪便常规检查"}, "answer": "直肠指诊检查", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性化脓性脑膜炎加用肾上腺皮质激素,可抑制多种炎症反应和减轻症状,一般连续应用(  )。", "options": {"A": "2~3天", "B": "3~5天", "C": "5~7天", "D": "7~10天"}, "answer": "2~3天", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "胎儿成熟障碍常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "妊娠合并甲状腺功能亢进症", "B": "妊娠糖尿病", "C": "过期妊娠", "D": "慢性羊水过多"}, "answer": "过期妊娠", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "正常情况下胃黏膜不会被胃液所消化,是由于(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃液中的内因子对胃黏膜具有保护作用", "B": "黏液-碳酸氢盐屏障的作用", "C": "胃内呈碱性", "D": "胃液中含有大量HCO3-可中和胃酸"}, "answer": "黏液-碳酸氢盐屏障的作用", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,25岁,左膝外上方逐渐隆起包块伴酸痛半年,X线平片提示左股骨下端外侧有一病灶,边缘膨胀,中央有肥皂泡样改变,无明显的骨膜反应。2.确立诊断,最有力的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CT检查", "B": "局部穿刺活组织检查", "C": "外周血中碱性磷酸酶检测", "D": "核素骨扫描"}, "answer": "局部穿刺活组织检查", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,48岁,既往有冶游史,25岁时有皮肤损害,31岁时结婚,妻子第二年怀孕流产,3年前因精神因素呈兴奋状态,大声喊叫,焦虑、苦闷、坐立不安,夜间看见一个人腾云驾雾。躯体检查:无特殊体征。神经系统检查:右瞳孔缩小,光反射消失,面神经不全麻痹,手指及眼睑轻微震颤,右上肢霍夫曼征(+)。精神检查:有幻听,“耳边听到滔滔不绝说话声,发出粗鲁的谩骂声”,记忆力减退,情绪低落,易激动。1.首先应检查哪一项?(  )", "options": {"A": "康华试验", "B": "EEG", "C": "CSF常规", "D": "智商测定"}, "answer": "康华试验", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,51岁。右腹股沟下方包块3年。平卧后可变小,4小时前搬重物后,包块突然增大,并出现胀痛,逐渐加重。1小时前出现右下腹阵发性绞痛。查体:表情痛苦,肠鸣音亢进,可闻及气过水声。右腹股沟下方可及3cm×3cm包块,触痛明显,无搏动感,平卧手法还纳未成功。1.如行外科治疗,传统术式中最常用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Shouldice法", "B": "Halsted法", "C": "McVay法", "D": "Bassini法"}, "answer": "McVay法", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,35岁,已婚。因尿道口有脓性分泌物到医院就诊,被诊断为淋病。3.如果患者拒绝将病情如实告知其妻子,医师所面对的境况属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "趋避冲突", "B": "双趋冲突", "C": "双重趋避冲突", "D": "双避冲突"}, "answer": "趋避冲突", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,74岁,1周前因股骨颈骨折卧床行保守牵引治疗。8小时前在睡眠中突发心前区疼痛,持续伴阵发加重,出汗,口含硝酸甘油不缓解。既往有高血压、糖尿病病史。入院查体:P 62次/min,BP 110/70mmHg,双肺(-),心脏不大,心律齐,A2>P2,双侧脉搏对称。患者心电图如下所示。3.下列关于该患者的急诊处理措施中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溶栓治疗", "B": "抗凝治疗", "C": "抗血小板小板聚集治疗", "D": "硝酸酯类制剂"}, "answer": "溶栓治疗", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,26岁,初产妇,妊娠38周,规律腹痛8小时,胎膜破裂,骨盆外测量正常,枕左前位,胎心率146次/分,宫口打开6cm,S=+1,该产妇的产程进展最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "活跃期延长", "B": "产程进度正常", "C": "胎头下降停滞", "D": "羊膜腔感染"}, "answer": "产程进度正常", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "口服药治疗甲亢的适应证是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病情轻,甲状腺较小者", "B": "胸骨后甲状腺肿", "C": "年龄超过30岁", "D": "中、重度甲亢"}, "answer": "病情轻,甲状腺较小者", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "全身感染时,可导致低体温、低白细胞、低血压的致病菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎链球菌", "B": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "C": "变形杆菌", "D": "破伤风梭菌"}, "answer": "变形杆菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,20岁。腹泻、呕吐伴轻度腹痛l天,6月下旬来诊。共腹泻6次,开始为黄稀便,继之水样便。呕吐1次,为胃内容物。无发热。粪便检查动力试验(+),碱性蛋白胨水培养有细菌生长。最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "细菌性痢疾", "B": "沙门菌食物中毒", "C": "霍乱", "D": "变形杆菌肠炎"}, "answer": "霍乱", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.老年人常见的骨折(  )。", "options": {"A": "肱骨髁上伸直型骨折", "B": "肱骨干骨折", "C": "桡骨远端骨折", "D": "尺骨上1/3骨折"}, "answer": "桡骨远端骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "嘌呤核苷酸从头合成时首先生成的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "GMP", "B": "AMP", "C": "IMP", "D": "ATP"}, "answer": "IMP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,45岁。发现HBsAg阳性10余年,血ALT 28g/L,查体肝脏体积增大,巩膜黄染不明显。现在该患者肝脏所处的病理变化最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脂肪变性", "B": "嗜酸性坏死", "C": "碎片状坏死", "D": "桥接坏死"}, "answer": "碎片状坏死", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "正常菌群引起感染的条件之一是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发生基因突变", "B": "形成耐药菌", "C": "寄居部位改变", "D": "发生S-R变异"}, "answer": "寄居部位改变", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "张某,男,24岁,准备结婚。到所在区妇幼保健站进行婚前检查,结果被怀疑患有淋病。根据《母婴保健法》的规定,下列哪项行动正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "到人民法院起诉", "B": "到卫生行政部门申请复议", "C": "到婚姻登记机构申请复议", "D": "申请医学技术鉴定"}, "answer": "申请医学技术鉴定", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于洛伐他汀的叙述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂", "B": "糖尿病性、肾性高脂血症的首选药", "C": "杂合子家族性高胆固醇血症的首选药", "D": "原发性高胆固醇血症、Ⅱ型高脂蛋白血症的首选药"}, "answer": "原发性高胆固醇血症、Ⅱ型高脂蛋白血症的首选药", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "甲亢手术,预防术后并发甲状腺危象的关键是(  )。", "options": {"A": "术中勿过多挤压甲状腺", "B": "术中止血彻底", "C": "术毕冲洗切口", "D": "基础代谢率降到正常范围再进行手术"}, "answer": "基础代谢率降到正常范围再进行手术", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医学伦理学尊重原则不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "公平分配卫生资源", "B": "尊重病人的知情同意权", "C": "尊重病人及家属的自主性或决定", "D": "保守病人的秘密"}, "answer": "公平分配卫生资源", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,33岁。急性腹膜炎术后7天,发热,为弛张热,伴乏力、盗汗、纳差,右上腹、肋下持续性钝痛,深呼吸及咳嗽时疼痛加重。腹部B超及CT示肝右叶上方,膈肌下见6cm×4cm液气平面,诊断性穿刺可抽出脓液。2.最常用的抗生素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "半合成青霉素", "B": "第二代头孢菌素", "C": "氨基糖苷类", "D": "第三代头孢菌素"}, "answer": "第三代头孢菌素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,44岁。大量饮酒后出现上腹部剧烈疼痛,伴呕吐,呕吐后疼痛不缓解。保守治疗2天,病情持续恶化,并出现休克。查体:T 38.9℃,脐周及背部可见大片青紫瘀斑,上腹腹肌紧张,压痛、反跳痛明显,肠鸣音减弱。1.首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "十二指肠乳头肿瘤", "B": "急性肝脓肿", "C": "重症急性胰腺炎", "D": "急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎"}, "answer": "重症急性胰腺炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是具有抗心律失常、抗高血压及抗心绞痛作用的药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "可乐定", "B": "普萘洛尔", "C": "利多卡因", "D": "硝酸甘油"}, "answer": "普萘洛尔", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪种消毒剂属于表面活性剂?(  )", "options": {"A": "0.1%苯扎溴铵(0.1%新洁尔灭)", "B": "10%醋酸", "C": "0.3%过氧乙酸", "D": "高锰酸钾"}, "answer": "0.1%苯扎溴铵(0.1%新洁尔灭)", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,35岁,已婚。因尿道口有脓性分泌物到医院就诊,被诊断为淋病。2.为防止该病传染给患者妻子,医师符合伦理的最佳做法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "请示当地疾病预防控制中心", "B": "劝说患者告知其妻子实情", "C": "将实情直接告知其妻子", "D": "同意不告知患者妻子"}, "answer": "劝说患者告知其妻子实情", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "9岁男孩,发热3周,膝关节痛1周就诊。查体:T38.2℃,P108次/分,咽无充血,心尖部可闻Ⅲ级收缩期吹风样杂音及舒张期隆隆样杂音,肺腹(-),双膝关节红肿,活动受限。3.判断此患儿疾病活动性的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ASO增高", "B": "补体C3下降", "C": "类风湿因子阳性", "D": "血沉增快"}, "answer": "血沉增快", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "白百破疫苗包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "白喉类毒素、百日咳灭活菌苗和破伤风类毒素", "B": "白喉类毒素、百日咳类毒素和破伤风类毒素", "C": "白喉活菌苗、百日咳灭活菌苗和破伤风活菌苗", "D": "白喉灭活菌苗、百日咳活菌苗和破伤风类毒素"}, "answer": "白喉类毒素、百日咳灭活菌苗和破伤风类毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "4.男,60岁,颈肩痛3年,行走不稳4个月,近1月来行走踏棉感,查体Hoffmann征阳性,双侧踝阵挛阳性,诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "髌骨软化症", "B": "颈椎病", "C": "肱骨外上髁炎", "D": "桡骨茎突狭窄性腱鞘炎"}, "answer": "颈椎病", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于风湿性疾病的临床特点,下列哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "病程多呈慢性经过", "B": "临床表现差异很大", "C": "反复发作与缓解交替出现", "D": "对治疗反应的个体差异不大"}, "answer": "对治疗反应的个体差异不大", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,22岁。上腹痛1日,次日转至右下腹,伴恶心,无呕吐。查体:T 38.5℃,双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心律齐,腹平软,右下腹明显压痛,反跳痛(+),未触及包块。血WBC 15.6×109/L,N 0.86,尿沉渣镜检:RBC 1~3/HP,WBC 2~3/HP。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性胆囊炎", "B": "急性肠系膜淋巴结炎", "C": "急性化脓性阑尾炎", "D": "十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔"}, "answer": "急性化脓性阑尾炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "胃切除术后呕吐的原因不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "碱性反流性胃炎", "B": "输入段梗阻", "C": "吻合口梗阻", "D": "倾倒综合征"}, "answer": "倾倒综合征", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "右心感染性心内膜炎最常见的栓塞部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺动脉", "B": "肾动脉", "C": "大脑中动脉", "D": "下肢动脉"}, "answer": "肺动脉", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,37岁,在心脏手术过程中,病人心电图表明:突然发生Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞。此时该用何药做紧急处置?(  )", "options": {"A": "静脉滴注异丙肾上腺素", "B": "静脉注射阿托品", "C": "静脉滴注山莨菪碱", "D": "静脉滴注去甲上肾腺素"}, "answer": "静脉滴注异丙肾上腺素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "右肾盂内1.3cm单发结石,静脉尿路造影显示右肾轻度积水,肾功能正常,首选治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "体外冲击波碎石", "B": "经皮肾镜碎石", "C": "经输尿管镜碎石", "D": "药物治疗"}, "answer": "体外冲击波碎石", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,65岁。夜间阵发性呼吸困难1个月,喘憋不能平卧2天,无咳嗽、咳痰,有陈旧性心肌梗死病史。查体:BP 130/90mmHg,心率98次/分,无颈静脉怒张,双肺底可闻及细湿啰音,双下肢无水肿。该患者喘憋的最可能原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左心衰竭", "B": "右心衰竭", "C": "心肌炎", "D": "支气管哮喘"}, "answer": "左心衰竭", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "子宫肌瘤在妊娠期间容易发生的变性是(  )。", "options": {"A": "钙化", "B": "红色变", "C": "肉瘤变", "D": "囊性变"}, "answer": "红色变", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "硅肺的特征性病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "类上皮肉芽肿", "B": "胸膜呈斑状增厚", "C": "硅肺空洞", "D": "硅结节"}, "answer": "硅结节", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是影响心肌传导性高低的主要因素?(  )", "options": {"A": "0期去极速度和幅度", "B": "最大复极电位水平", "C": "阈电位水平", "D": "4期自动去极速度"}, "answer": "0期去极速度和幅度", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,39岁。因胆结石行胆囊切除术后1天。静息能量消耗(REE)比正常约增加(  )。", "options": {"A": "50%", "B": "10%", "C": "30%", "D": "5%"}, "answer": "10%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男婴,8个月,已发热、惊厥3天,诊断为“化脓性脑膜炎”,下列哪项处理不当?(  )", "options": {"A": "及时退热,控制惊厥发作", "B": "保证足够的热量及液体", "C": "急性期可应用激素", "D": "必要时抽放脑脊液以降压"}, "answer": "必要时抽放脑脊液以降压", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "早期出现肺门及纵膈多发淋巴结转移的肺癌类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "类癌", "B": "腺癌", "C": "小细胞肺癌", "D": "大细胞肺癌"}, "answer": "小细胞肺癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,50岁。3周来反复出现上3层楼时胸痛,为闷痛,休息3分钟能缓解,不剧烈运动则无症状。诊断为心绞痛,该患者最可能的心绞痛临床类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "初发劳动型", "B": "恶化劳动型", "C": "自发型", "D": "变异型"}, "answer": "初发劳动型", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.服药后应多喝开水,防止尿内结晶形成的药物(  )。", "options": {"A": "呋喃唑酮", "B": "甲氧苄啶", "C": "磺胺嘧啶", "D": "甲硝唑"}, "answer": "磺胺嘧啶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.慢性肾脏病引起组织水肿的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛细血管血压升高", "B": "血浆胶体渗透压降低", "C": "组织液静水压降低", "D": "淋巴回流受阻"}, "answer": "血浆胶体渗透压降低", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性胆囊炎最严重的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆囊积脓", "B": "细菌性肝脓肿", "C": "胆囊坏疽穿孔", "D": "并发胃炎"}, "answer": "胆囊坏疽穿孔", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "帕金森病的特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左旋多巴治疗有效", "B": "角膜KF环", "C": "心脏功能损害", "D": "共济失调"}, "answer": "左旋多巴治疗有效", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,8个月,因发热2次,抽搐2次,伴呕吐,吃奶量减少,喜哭,易怒就诊。母乳喂养。查体:精神差,前囟饱满,心肺腹无异常发现,肌张力增高,脑脊液检查:外观混浊,白细胞1000×106/L,中性粒细胞为主,糖1mmol/L,氯化物107mmol/L,蛋白质2.0g/L。4.治疗期间,若出现抗利尿激素异常分泌综合征,开始宜选用静脉滴注氯化钠的浓度为(  )。", "options": {"A": "2%", "B": "0.9%", "C": "0.45%", "D": "3%"}, "answer": "3%", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "初孕妇,24岁。妊娠38周,自觉头痛,视物不清4天。下列情况与疾病严重程度关系较小的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血压水平", "B": "水肿程度", "C": "眼底检查", "D": "尿蛋白"}, "answer": "水肿程度", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,27岁。腹痛伴呕吐10小时,起初疼痛在脐周,继而右下腹疼痛逐渐加重。既往无腹痛与便血史。查体:全腹紧张,有明显压痛和反跳痛,麦氏点压痛明显,肠鸣音减弱,腹腔穿刺抽出脓性液体,最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "克罗恩病穿孔", "B": "阑尾炎穿孔", "C": "肠套叠坏死", "D": "胃穿孔"}, "answer": "阑尾炎穿孔", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,20岁。1个月前因工作差错被领导批评后出现心情烦躁,经常哭泣,认为自己没有能力,什么事情都干不好,周围人的眼神不怀好意,看她笑话。失眠,早醒。近1周病情加重,觉得生不如死,在家中拒食等死。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性应激障碍", "B": "分裂情感性精神障碍", "C": "抑郁发作", "D": "焦虑症状"}, "answer": "抑郁发作", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "B细胞表面能识别结合C3b和C4b的受体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD35", "B": "CDl9", "C": "CD32", "D": "CD23"}, "answer": "CD35", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某妇女30岁,从事制鞋上胶工作已5年,近来发现月经量过多,且伴鼻衄和齿龈出血,过去体健无类似病史,也无类似家族史。1.为进一步诊断,应先作下列哪项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "血常规", "B": "尿粪卟啉", "C": "尿常规", "D": "以上都要"}, "answer": "血常规", "meta_info": "预防医学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,5岁,2周前曾患上呼吸道感染,目前不规则发热,易疲倦,脸色略苍白。查体:心率增快,心尖部第一心音减弱,并可闻及早搏。心电检查:P-R间期延长,ST段下移。实验室检查:C反应蛋白增高。1.该患儿的临床诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "风湿性心包炎", "B": "风湿性心肌炎", "C": "病毒性心肌炎", "D": "结核性心包炎"}, "answer": "风湿性心肌炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肺炎链球菌性肺炎呈(  )。", "options": {"A": "大叶性实变", "B": "两肺弥漫性实变", "C": "小叶性实变", "D": "小叶融合性实变"}, "answer": "大叶性实变", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,17岁。脑部受伤住院,入院后虽经积极救治,但3天后患者进入脑死亡状态。医师告知其父母,并建议撤掉呼吸机。其父母看到女儿在呼吸机支持下仍有呼吸,并能触及到女儿的脉搏,坚决不接受医师的建议。此时,该医师符合伦理的做法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尊重其父母的意愿并不惜一切代价救治", "B": "执行脑死亡标准并劝说其父母捐献患者器官", "C": "直接撤掉呼吸机并填写死亡报告", "D": "向患者父母解释脑死亡,征得其同意后撤掉呼吸机"}, "answer": "向患者父母解释脑死亡,征得其同意后撤掉呼吸机", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,20岁。1型糖尿病病史10年,平时每天4次胰岛素强化治疗。近2天发热、咽痛,食欲不佳,摄食少,自行停用胰岛素。晨起家属发现患者答非所问,急诊就诊。查体:T 38.5℃,精神差,轻度脱水貌。实验室检查:血钾4.8mmol/L,血钠142mmol/L,血糖19.1mmol/L,尿酮体(++),血pH 7.25,尿量40~50ml/h。2.关于纠正电解质及酸碱平衡紊乱,应立即采取的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "补钾、补钠治疗", "B": "补碱、补钠治疗", "C": "补钠治疗", "D": "补碱、补钾治疗"}, "answer": "补钠治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2岁后,身高平均每年增加(  )。", "options": {"A": "1~1.5cm", "B": "2~3.5cm", "C": "5~7.5cm", "D": "7~9.5cm"}, "answer": "5~7.5cm", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "肥厚型心肌病的临床诊断主要依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "超声心动图检查示室间隔增厚,舒张期其厚度与左室后壁厚度之比≥1.3", "B": "心电图出现异常Q波", "C": "心绞痛症状", "D": "心脏有舒张功能障碍"}, "answer": "超声心动图检查示室间隔增厚,舒张期其厚度与左室后壁厚度之比≥1.3", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "导致急性心肌梗死患者早期(24小时内)死亡的主要原因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "心源性休克", "B": "心律失常", "C": "心脏破裂", "D": "肺栓塞"}, "answer": "心律失常", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.细菌性肝脓肿的典型表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲胎蛋白阳性", "B": "右上腹绞痛及黄疸", "C": "肝穿刺抽出棕褐色脓液", "D": "突发寒战、高热,肝区疼痛,肝大"}, "answer": "突发寒战、高热,肝区疼痛,肝大", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "传染病的基本特征不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "感染后免疫", "B": "流行病学特征", "C": "传染性", "D": "遗传性"}, "answer": "遗传性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "胎盘早剥的主要病理变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "底蜕膜出血", "B": "包蜕膜出血", "C": "真蜕膜出血", "D": "全身血管病变"}, "answer": "底蜕膜出血", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "霍乱的古典生物型和EI-Tor生物型细菌的鉴别通过(  )。", "options": {"A": "涂片染色", "B": "羊血细胞溶血试验", "C": "霍乱红试验", "D": "霍乱血清凝集反应"}, "answer": "羊血细胞溶血试验", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列关于高血压病脑出血的叙述中,哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "以基底节、内囊部多见", "B": "脑小动脉痉挛、通透性增加,引起漏出性出血", "C": "微小动脉瘤形成、破裂", "D": "出血灶小,症状不明显"}, "answer": "出血灶小,症状不明显", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.自律性最高的部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "窦房结", "B": "心房肌", "C": "浦肯野纤维", "D": "房室束"}, "answer": "窦房结", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "属于缺陷病毒的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "HBV", "B": "HAV", "C": "HDV", "D": "HEV"}, "answer": "HDV", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "婴儿腹泻治疗原则包括以下内容,哪项除外?(  )", "options": {"A": "调整和适当饮食限制", "B": "加强护理,防止并发症", "C": "控制肠道内外感染", "D": "长期应用广谱抗生素"}, "answer": "长期应用广谱抗生素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "刘某是某公司经理,因被怀疑贪污,突然被检察院传讯,并拘留24小时,导致他精神极度紧张,大哭大闹,但第二天突然表情呆滞,问话不答,两眼凝视,全身肌肉紧张,四肢抖动。两个月之后一直自觉乏力,头昏、头痛,心慌、胸闷,严重时甚至要昏倒,睡眠差,情绪不稳定,不愿出门,不愿与人交往。2.对于他的问题的治疗,下列哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "先用药物改善他的情绪再进行认知疏导", "B": "增强社会支持", "C": "先让他参加社会活动,改善人际关系", "D": "放松治疗"}, "answer": "先让他参加社会活动,改善人际关系", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "A县张某系艾滋病患者,在B市传染病医院隔离治疗期间,擅自逃出医院回到A县,脱离隔离治疗。为防止艾滋病传播,可以协助传染病医院追回张某并对其采取强制隔离治疗措施的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卫生行政部门", "B": "民政部门", "C": "司法部门", "D": "公安部门"}, "answer": "公安部门", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "激情是(  )。", "options": {"A": "快乐情绪", "B": "积极的情绪", "C": "持续长久的情绪", "D": "短时爆发的情绪"}, "answer": "短时爆发的情绪", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "溃疡性结肠炎患者容易并发中毒性巨结肠的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "重症患者接受抗生素治疗时", "B": "重症患者接受水杨酸柳氮磺胺吡啶治疗时", "C": "重症患者接受胆碱能受体拮抗剂治疗时", "D": "重症患者接受激素治疗时"}, "answer": "重症患者接受胆碱能受体拮抗剂治疗时", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "40岁女性患者,突然剧烈头痛、呕吐、右眼睑下垂,见右眼球活动受限,呈外展位,对光反应消失,视力正常。查体:颈项强直,克氏征(+)。5.若诊断确立,目前治疗手段主要靠(  )。", "options": {"A": "放射治疗", "B": "直视手术夹闭", "C": "栓塞治疗", "D": "加固手术"}, "answer": "直视手术夹闭", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项为应用大量环磷酰胺间歇静脉冲击治疗系统性红斑狼疮的主要作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "防止肾纤维化与肾功能恶化", "B": "减轻血管炎性损害", "C": "防止中枢神经系统损害", "D": "增加血小板,防止溶血"}, "answer": "防止肾纤维化与肾功能恶化", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "5种免疫球蛋白的划分是根据(  )。", "options": {"A": "H链和L链均不同", "B": "V区不同", "C": "H链不同", "D": "连接H链的二硫键位置和数目不同"}, "answer": "H链不同", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "维持躯体姿势最基本的反射是(  )。", "options": {"A": "屈肌反射", "B": "腱反射", "C": "肌紧张反射", "D": "翻正反射"}, "answer": "肌紧张反射", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "急性CO中毒,下述哪一项治疗是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "鼻管吸氧,严重者高压氧舱疗法", "B": "防治肺水肿", "C": "控制高热", "D": "首先注射苏醒剂"}, "answer": "首先注射苏醒剂", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "35岁女性,因剧烈呕吐和腹泻水样物1天入院。查体:血压90/60mmHg,脉搏100次/L,腹部无压痛,心肺正常。首先需要做的处置为(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用血管收缩剂", "B": "做血、便常规检查,以明确诊断", "C": "补充液体", "D": "以上都不可以"}, "answer": "补充液体", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "典型霍乱病人的临床分期是(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热期、泻吐期、反应期及恢复期", "B": "发热期、脱水休克期、缓解期及恢复期", "C": "泻吐期、脱水虚脱期、反应恢复期", "D": "泻吐期、脱水休克期、反应期、恢复期"}, "answer": "泻吐期、脱水虚脱期、反应恢复期", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,9个月,8kg,发热、呕吐、腹泻3天,大便蛋花汤样,无腥臭味,尿量明显少。精神委靡,皮肤弹性差,眼凹陷,唇樱红,四肢凉。诊断为婴儿腹泻,血钠132mmol/L。1.水电解质紊乱的类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "轻度脱水", "B": "中度脱水", "C": "中度脱水伴酸中毒", "D": "重度脱水伴酸中毒"}, "answer": "中度脱水伴酸中毒", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "93%新生儿出生后开始排尿的时间是(  )。", "options": {"A": "12小时", "B": "24小时", "C": "48小时", "D": "72小时"}, "answer": "24小时", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述有关RNA的叙述哪项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "tRNA是相对分子质量最小的RNA", "B": "RNA分子也有双螺旋结构", "C": "胸腺嘧啶是RNA的特有碱基", "D": "rRNA参与核蛋白体的组成"}, "answer": "胸腺嘧啶是RNA的特有碱基", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "无功能性垂体腺瘤可能分泌的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "α-亚单位", "B": "促甲状腺激素", "C": "泌乳素", "D": "生长激素"}, "answer": "α-亚单位", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "具有亲细胞作用的抗体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgM", "B": "IgD", "C": "IgG", "D": "IgE"}, "answer": "IgE", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.属于人疱疹病毒感染的出疹性疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹", "B": "药物疹", "C": "水痘", "D": "丘疹样荨麻疹"}, "answer": "药物疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "提示结核性脑膜炎进入晚期的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "昏迷,频繁惊厥", "B": "脑膜刺激征", "C": "颅神经障碍", "D": "性格改变"}, "answer": "昏迷,频繁惊厥", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "初孕妇,26岁。妊娠38周,规律宫缩8h,宫口开大6cm,S+1,胎膜已破,胎儿体重估计3000g,血压130/80mmHg,胎心144/min。2h后肛查:宫口仍6cm,边薄,先露S+1,宫缩力弱,持续时间为20s,间隔时间为5~6min,胎心好。应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "潜伏期延长", "B": "活跃期停滞", "C": "第二产程延长", "D": "滞产"}, "answer": "活跃期停滞", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "枕先露妊娠时,胎儿窘迫的诊断依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "破膜见羊水粪染", "B": "胎心监测示“早期减速”", "C": "胎心150次/分", "D": "胎儿头皮血pH 7.25"}, "answer": "破膜见羊水粪染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某患者患乙型病毒性肝炎多年,近日病情加重,形成暴发性肝炎,推测可能是合并HDV的重叠感染。该病毒属(  )。", "options": {"A": "类病毒", "B": "朊病毒", "C": "前病毒", "D": "缺陷病毒"}, "answer": "缺陷病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,40岁,左乳外上象限4cm×3cm肿物,距乳头距离5cm,可推动,但病人双手叉腰时肿块活动度明显受限,左腋窝未扪及肿大淋巴结2.若该病人确诊为乳腺癌,手术方式应选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺癌根治术", "B": "乳腺癌扩大根治术", "C": "保留胸大、小肌的乳腺癌改良根治术", "D": "保留乳房的乳腺癌切除术"}, "answer": "乳腺癌根治术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "已知甲地老年人比例大于乙地,经普查甲地冠心病死亡率为5‰,乙地冠心病死亡率为4‰。若希望比较甲、乙两地冠心病死亡率的高低,则(  )。", "options": {"A": "计算标化率后再比较", "B": "应做秩和检验", "C": "应做率的Z检验", "D": "应做两个率比较的χ2检验"}, "answer": "计算标化率后再比较", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.腰椎结核伴椎旁冷脓肿病灶清除术,切口愈合良好,记录为(  )。", "options": {"A": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅰ/甲”", "B": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅱ/甲”", "C": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅲ/甲”", "D": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅱ/乙”"}, "answer": "切口分类及愈合记录为“Ⅲ/甲”", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "免疫球蛋白的基本结构是(  )。", "options": {"A": "由四条相同的重链组成", "B": "由四条相同的轻链组成", "C": "由二硫键相连的四条肽链组成", "D": "由J键连接的五条肽链组成"}, "answer": "由二硫键相连的四条肽链组成", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "每日饮用纯酒精量超过多少持续10年以上应考虑酒精性心肌病?(  )", "options": {"A": "90ml", "B": "100ml", "C": "110ml", "D": "125ml"}, "answer": "125ml", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,男,1.5岁,咳嗽、发热3天,双肺闻及散在的细湿啰音及广泛呼气时哮鸣音。血常规:白细胞15×109/L,中性粒细胞0.6;胸部正位片:两下肺散在斑片影。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "合胞病毒肺炎", "B": "支气管肺炎", "C": "支原体肺炎", "D": "腺病毒肺炎"}, "answer": "支气管肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,72岁,胃癌根治术后第6天,出现上腹疼痛,逐渐加重,伴恶心,呕吐,腹胀,腹腔引流管引出咖啡色浑浊液体。查体:腹膜刺激征(+)。腹部B超提示腹腔积液。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠系膜血管缺血性疾病", "B": "急性胰腺炎", "C": "急性胆囊炎", "D": "吻合口瘘"}, "answer": "吻合口瘘", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,1.5岁,咳嗽、发热3天,双肺闻及散在的细湿啰音及广泛的呼气时哮鸣音。血常规:白细胞15×109/L,中性粒细胞占0.6。胸部正位片示两下肺散在斑片影。诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管肺炎", "B": "合胞病毒肺炎", "C": "腺病毒肺炎", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎"}, "answer": "支气管肺炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "干扰血红素合成的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氨基酸", "B": "铅", "C": "维生素C", "D": "葡萄糖"}, "answer": "铅", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "转移性骨肿瘤中最常见原发灶是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃癌", "B": "大肠癌", "C": "乳腺癌", "D": "甲状腺癌"}, "answer": "乳腺癌", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,40岁,吸烟10年,近2月双下肢出现间歇性跛行,伴患肢怕冷、麻木、刺痛,确诊为血栓闭塞性脉管炎,关于该疾病叙述不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "患者几乎都为男性,年龄在25~45岁之间,病程缓慢", "B": "患肢发凉、怕冷,对外界寒冷敏感是血栓闭塞性脉管炎常见的早期症状", "C": "多伴有游走性浅静脉炎病史", "D": "发病后戒烟对治疗帮助不大"}, "answer": "发病后戒烟对治疗帮助不大", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄患者,早期呼吸困难常表现为(  )。", "options": {"A": "劳力性呼吸困难", "B": "端坐呼吸", "C": "心源性哮喘", "D": "咯血"}, "answer": "劳力性呼吸困难", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,10岁,阵发性腹痛、黑便2天,双下肢散在出血点,双膝关节肿胀,腹软,右下腹压痛。白细胞12.5×109/L,血小板200×109/L,血红蛋白lll319/L。尿常规:蛋白质(+),红细胞(+)/HP,颗粒管型0—3个/HP。4.如上述治疗无效可合用(  )。", "options": {"A": "环磷酰胺", "B": "维生素C", "C": "西咪替丁", "D": "阿托品"}, "answer": "环磷酰胺", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于骨软骨瘤临床表现的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线检查可见骨膜反应", "B": "一般无症状,生长缓慢的骨性突起", "C": "生长较快,伴明显疼痛", "D": "肿块明显,皮肤有静脉怒张"}, "answer": "一般无症状,生长缓慢的骨性突起", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4.三羧酸循环的酶位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "线粒体外膜", "B": "线粒体内膜", "C": "线粒体膜间腔", "D": "线粒体基质"}, "answer": "线粒体基质", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "化脓性脑膜炎最常见的感染途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑脊膜膨出感染", "B": "呼吸道", "C": "穿通性脑外伤", "D": "耳、鼻、乳突感染"}, "answer": "呼吸道", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.心境高涨、低落反复交替出现,不符合躁狂或抑郁发作症状标准,病程至少2年(  )。", "options": {"A": "环性心境障碍", "B": "双相障碍混合性发作", "C": "抑郁发作", "D": "躁狂发作"}, "answer": "环性心境障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,36岁。发现有乳头溢液2个月,不伴疼痛。体检:双侧乳房、乳头对称,乳头无凹陷,皮肤无橘皮样改变,未触及乳房肿块,触压右乳内上象限时可见乳头少量暗红色血性溢液。腋窝未触及肿大的淋巴结。对诊断最有帮助的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "细针穿刺细胞学检查", "B": "近红外线扫描", "C": "核磁共振检查", "D": "乳腺导管造影"}, "answer": "乳腺导管造影", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,30岁。心尖部听到一个舒张中期出现的先递减后递增型的隆隆样杂音,伴有第一心音增强。心律表现为节律不规则,第一心音强弱不一致,心率大于脉率。提示该患者的风湿性心脏瓣膜病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "二尖瓣关闭不全", "B": "二尖瓣狭窄并关闭不全", "C": "二尖瓣狭窄并心房颤动", "D": "二尖瓣狭窄并心肌炎"}, "answer": "二尖瓣狭窄并心房颤动", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列描述符合小叶性肺炎特点的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺内各病灶病变表现不一样", "B": "能引起急性支气管炎的细菌、病毒等均能引起小叶性肺炎", "C": "病变可导致肺肉质变", "D": "不易出现合并症"}, "answer": "肺内各病灶病变表现不一样", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3个月健康婴儿,体重5.Okg,每天需要的牛奶量和水量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "8%糖牛奶550ml,水200ml", "B": "8%糖牛奶660ml,水240ml", "C": "8%糖牛奶900ml,不必加水", "D": "8%糖牛奶640ml,水110ml"}, "answer": "8%糖牛奶550ml,水200ml", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "酶的共价修饰调节中,最为常见的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲基化修饰", "B": "乙酰化修饰", "C": "磷酸化修饰", "D": "二硫键修饰"}, "answer": "磷酸化修饰", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.普鲁卡因不宜用于(  )。", "options": {"A": "表面麻醉", "B": "浸润麻醉", "C": "传导麻醉", "D": "蛛网膜下腔麻醉"}, "answer": "表面麻醉", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于噬菌体生物活性叙述不正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "不具有抗原性", "B": "能通过细菌滤器", "C": "形态多呈蝌蚪状", "D": "具有严格的宿主特异性"}, "answer": "不具有抗原性", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下面对医学伦理学的论述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医学伦理学是伦理学的一门分支学科", "B": "医学伦理学是医学的一门分支学科", "C": "医学伦理学是医学和伦理学相交叉的一门学科", "D": "医学伦理学是可以解决一切医学问题的学科"}, "answer": "医学伦理学是可以解决一切医学问题的学科", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "成人出现大便隐血阳性时,消化道出血量至少大于(  )。", "options": {"A": "100mL", "B": "9mL", "C": "6mL", "D": "5mL"}, "answer": "5mL", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,52岁,书店经理。因近4周来疲乏无力、嗜睡、体重下降、间歇性发热出汗而入院。查体,左结膜下出血,两下肢多处出血斑,两手甲下可见线状出血,脾脏可触及,心律缓慢,心前区可闻收缩期吹风样杂音。临床诊断为急性细菌性心内膜炎。患者多脏器可发生栓塞,其栓子为(  )。", "options": {"A": "血栓栓子", "B": "细菌栓子", "C": "肿瘤栓子", "D": "空气栓塞"}, "answer": "细菌栓子", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,40岁,右乳外上象限无痛性肿块,直径4cm,与皮肤轻度粘连,右腋下可触及一枚可推动淋巴结。诊断为“乳腺癌”。按TNM分期,应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "T1N1M0", "B": "T1N0M0", "C": "T2N1M0", "D": "T2N0M0"}, "answer": "T2N1M0", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "6岁,女孩,出生后反复呼吸道感染,平时少活动。查体:无发绀,心前区稍隆起,胸骨左缘第3、4肋间Ⅲ级粗糙全收缩期杂音、伴震颤,P2亢进。2.哪项不是该病常出现的合并症?(  )", "options": {"A": "支气管肺炎", "B": "脑血栓", "C": "充血性心力衰竭", "D": "亚急性细菌性心内膜炎"}, "answer": "脑血栓", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "学生,19岁,右股骨下端疼痛1个月,夜间尤甚。查体:右股骨下端偏内侧局限性隆起,皮温略高,皮肤浅静脉怒张,明显压痛,膝关节运动受限。X线片示股骨下端干骺端溶骨性骨破坏,边界不清,可见Godman三角。诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "骨纤维肉瘤", "B": "骨肉瘤", "C": "骨巨细胞瘤", "D": "尤文肉瘤"}, "answer": "骨肉瘤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "64岁女患者,因头晕,左眼不能闭合三天来就诊。查体:左眼裂增大,闭合不全,左眼不能外展。1.该患者病损的结构是(  )。", "options": {"A": "左侧动眼神经", "B": "右侧面、展神经", "C": "左侧面、展神经", "D": "右侧舌下神经"}, "answer": "左侧面、展神经", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男孩,5岁。反复咳嗽3个月,常于夜间咳醒,活动后加重,痰不多,无发热,使用抗生素无效,既往有湿疹史。查体:双肺呼吸音粗,无哮鸣音。最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "咳嗽变异性哮喘", "B": "支气管异物", "C": "胃食管反流病", "D": "喘息性支气管炎"}, "answer": "咳嗽变异性哮喘", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项为传播疟疾的主要媒介?(  )", "options": {"A": "三带喙蚊", "B": "中华按蚊", "C": "淡色蚊", "D": "白蛉子"}, "answer": "中华按蚊", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于真核细胞DNA聚合酶α活性的叙述,下述哪一项是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "合成前导链", "B": "具有引物酶活性,它能合成10个核苷酸左右的RNA", "C": "底物是NTP", "D": "是线粒体内DNA复制的主要酶"}, "answer": "具有引物酶活性,它能合成10个核苷酸左右的RNA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "输血的适应证中,不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "脱水及代谢性酸中毒", "B": "出血", "C": "重症感染", "D": "凝血机制障碍"}, "answer": "脱水及代谢性酸中毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "右侧同向性偏盲的病损部位为(  )。", "options": {"A": "右侧视神经", "B": "视交叉", "C": "左侧视束", "D": "左侧颞叶视辐射"}, "answer": "左侧视束", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,38岁,心脏听诊发现心尖部收缩中、晚期喀喇音。1.该患者最可能的心脏瓣膜病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "二尖瓣脱垂", "B": "三尖瓣狭窄", "C": "主动脉瓣狭窄", "D": "肺动脉瓣狭窄"}, "answer": "二尖瓣脱垂", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.远端肾小管酸中毒所致佝偻病(  )。", "options": {"A": "血钙下降,血磷下降,碱性磷酸酶下降,血25(OH)D3下降", "B": "血钙正常,血磷下降,碱性磷酸酶增高,血25(OH)D3正常", "C": "血钙下降,血磷增高,碱性磷酸酶正常,25(OH)D3正常", "D": "血钙下降,血磷增高,碱性磷酸酶增高,25(OH)D3增高"}, "answer": "血钙正常,血磷下降,碱性磷酸酶增高,血25(OH)D3正常", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肾综合征出血热出血的原因不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛细血管脆性增加", "B": "血小板减少", "C": "毛细血管损伤", "D": "血液浓缩"}, "answer": "血液浓缩", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,26岁,10天来全身皮肤出血点伴牙龈出血来诊。化验PLT 35×109/L,临床诊断为慢性特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)。1.下列体征支持ITP诊断的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤有略高出皮面的紫癜", "B": "关节出血", "C": "下肢肌肉血肿", "D": "脾不大"}, "answer": "脾不大", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "根据《母婴保健法》规定,下面哪项描述不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "除医学上确有需要外,严禁采用技术手段对胎儿进行性别鉴定", "B": "医师根据《母婴保健法》提出医学意见,当事人必须无条件执行", "C": "有产妇死亡及新生儿出生缺陷情况应向卫生行政部门报告", "D": "孕期保健包括地方病的防治指导"}, "answer": "医师根据《母婴保健法》提出医学意见,当事人必须无条件执行", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "在疟疾的表现中(典型)下列哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "有完全缓解间歇", "B": "脾肿大", "C": "白细胞增多,中性粒细胞升高", "D": "贫血"}, "answer": "白细胞增多,中性粒细胞升高", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "可在新生儿期进行筛查的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "先天性甲状腺减低,苯丙酮尿症", "B": "癫痫", "C": "21-三体综合征", "D": "黏多糖病"}, "answer": "先天性甲状腺减低,苯丙酮尿症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿贫血诊断标准错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿血红蛋白值<145g/L", "B": "6个月~6岁血红蛋白值<100g/L", "C": "6岁~14岁血红蛋白值<120g/L", "D": "4~6个月血红蛋白值<100g/L"}, "answer": "6个月~6岁血红蛋白值<100g/L", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.单纯性甲状腺肿的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "自身免疫性疾病", "B": "血钙降低", "C": "细菌感染", "D": "碘缺乏"}, "answer": "碘缺乏", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "情绪是与何种需要相联系的?(  )", "options": {"A": "生理需要", "B": "安全需要", "C": "认知需要", "D": "交际需要"}, "answer": "生理需要", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "智力发展的关键期在(  )。", "options": {"A": "3岁前", "B": "4岁前", "C": "6岁前", "D": "7岁前"}, "answer": "7岁前", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.在临床医学研究前,对有行为能力的病人要获得他的同意,这属(  )。", "options": {"A": "代理同意", "B": "知情同意", "C": "不需同意", "D": "无效同意"}, "answer": "知情同意", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,16岁。2周来尿少,全身水肿明显,尿蛋白定量8g/24h,血浆白蛋白18g/L,尿沉渣镜检有红细胞3~5个/HP,有透明管型和偶见颗粒管型,血红蛋白正常,血肌酐正常,血尿素氮10mmol/L。2.诊断该病的主要依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿少、水肿明显", "B": "血浆白蛋白18g/L", "C": "血肌酐正常,血尿素氮增高", "D": "尿蛋白定量8g/24h,血浆白蛋白18g/L"}, "answer": "尿蛋白定量8g/24h,血浆白蛋白18g/L", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,32岁,头部外伤史2个月,口渴多饮,多尿1个月余,尿比重介于1.000~1.004,主动限水后尿比重1.006,伴烦渴、恶心,禁水后实验后尿比重达1.008,垂体后叶素注射后1小时,尿比重达1.020,本例最适宜的治疗为(  )。", "options": {"A": "DDAVP(精氨酸加压素)", "B": "卡马西平", "C": "氢克尿塞(氢氯噻嗪)", "D": "长效尿崩停(加压素)"}, "answer": "长效尿崩停(加压素)", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于乙型病毒性肝炎的肝细胞基本病变,下列哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "气球样变", "B": "嗜酸性变", "C": "脂肪变性", "D": "嗜酸性坏死"}, "answer": "脂肪变性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下面各项不属于性格特征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "意识倾向性", "B": "认知特征", "C": "遗传特征", "D": "情绪特征"}, "answer": "遗传特征", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "奥美拉唑治疗消化性溃疡作用机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑制H+-K+-ATP酶,减少胃酸分泌", "B": "抑制Na+-K+-ATP酶,减少胃酸分泌", "C": "阻断H2受体,抑制胃酸分泌", "D": "阻断H1受体,抑制胃酸分泌"}, "answer": "抑制H+-K+-ATP酶,减少胃酸分泌", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,25岁。乏力3个月。查体:BP 170/105mmHg。化验检查:Hb 84g/L。尿常规:蛋白(++),颗粒管型2~3/低倍视野。血BUN 12.3mmol/L,Scr 276.8μmol/L。对该患者不应该采取的措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低磷饮食", "B": "控制血压", "C": "高蛋白饮食", "D": "低钠饮食"}, "answer": "高蛋白饮食", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "针对高钾血症伴发心律失常的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉注射乳酸林格液", "B": "口服山梨醇", "C": "静脉注射葡萄糖酸钙", "D": "口服阴离子交换树脂"}, "answer": "静脉注射葡萄糖酸钙", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.心房颤动(  )。", "options": {"A": "心率小于脉率", "B": "第一心音增强", "C": "心室律绝对不规则", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "心室律绝对不规则", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "妊娠期肝炎特点,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "产后大出血多见", "B": "重症肝炎比例高", "C": "病死率高", "D": "对胎儿无影响"}, "answer": "对胎儿无影响", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述除哪一项。外均为结核结节的成分?(  )", "options": {"A": "Langhans巨细胞", "B": "中性粒细胞", "C": "成纤维细胞", "D": "淋巴细胞"}, "answer": "中性粒细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项是1型糖尿病死亡的主要原因?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑血管病", "B": "肾小球硬化症", "C": "酮症酸中毒", "D": "感染性休克"}, "answer": "肾小球硬化症", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,35岁。高处坠落导致胸背部疼痛。下肢感觉障碍,5小时逐渐恢复,则最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓震荡", "B": "脊髓损伤", "C": "脊髓截断", "D": "脊髓水肿"}, "answer": "脊髓震荡", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "人类活动造成的环境污染的主要来源是(  )。", "options": {"A": "农业性污染,生活性污染,交通性污染", "B": "生产性污染,生活性污染,交通运输工具", "C": "生产性污染,生活性污染,地震", "D": "工业性污染,生活性污染,交通运输工具"}, "answer": "生产性污染,生活性污染,交通运输工具", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,53岁。因上腹部隐痛1个月余就诊。查粪隐血(+),行纤维胃镜检查,见胃小弯2cm×2cm溃疡,中央凹陷有污秽苔,周围隆起且不规则,质硬易出血,蠕动少。1.本例最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃癌", "B": "胃肉瘤", "C": "胃溃疡合并真菌感染", "D": "胃原发性淋巴瘤"}, "answer": "胃癌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "溃疡性结肠炎的好发部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "升结肠", "B": "空肠和回肠", "C": "直肠和乙状结肠", "D": "横结肠"}, "answer": "直肠和乙状结肠", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.皮肤黏膜浅表坏死性缺损(  )。", "options": {"A": "糜烂", "B": "溃疡", "C": "窦道", "D": "空洞"}, "answer": "糜烂", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,女,10个月,多汗,烦躁,睡眠不安,可见肋膈沟,下肢轻度“O”形腿,血清钙稍低,血磷降低,碱性磷酸酶增高,其佝偻病应处于(  )。", "options": {"A": "前驱期", "B": "激期", "C": "初期", "D": "后遗症期"}, "answer": "激期", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.乙型脑炎时,浸润的炎细胞围绕血管周围间隙形成套状浸润(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋巴血管套", "B": "卫星现象", "C": "嗜神经细胞现象", "D": "小胶质细胞结节"}, "answer": "淋巴血管套", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "晚期血吸虫病人大便中不易查到虫卵是因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "虫卵变性坏死", "B": "成虫衰老产卵减少", "C": "肠壁结缔组织增生,虫卵难以排出", "D": "免疫力抑制成虫产卵"}, "answer": "肠壁结缔组织增生,虫卵难以排出", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于临终关怀符合伦理学的原因,说法错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可以减轻家庭的经济负担", "B": "提高病人的生命质量", "C": "可以缩短病人的痛苦的生命时限", "D": "客观上可以节约卫生资源"}, "answer": "可以减轻家庭的经济负担", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男孩,3岁,自幼人工喂养,食欲极差,有时腹泻。身高85cm,体重7500g,皮肤干燥、苍白,腹部皮下脂肪厚度约0.3cm,脉搏缓慢,心音较低钝。4.上述情况发生,除立即给氧外,首先应采取的措施为(  )。", "options": {"A": "给予呼吸兴奋剂", "B": "测血糖,静脉注射高渗葡萄糖", "C": "给予强心剂", "D": "输液纠正脱水"}, "answer": "测血糖,静脉注射高渗葡萄糖", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "Graves病最重要的体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮肤湿润多汗,手颤", "B": "眼裂增大,眼球突出", "C": "弥漫性甲状腺肿大伴血管杂音", "D": "收缩压升高,舒张压降低"}, "answer": "弥漫性甲状腺肿大伴血管杂音", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "锋电位的幅值等于(  )。", "options": {"A": "静息电位与负后电位之和", "B": "静息电位绝对值与超射值之和", "C": "Na+平衡电位", "D": "K+的平衡电位"}, "answer": "静息电位绝对值与超射值之和", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "自身免疫性溶血贫血患者,长期以来反复发生溶血,近1周上呼吸道感染,其后贫血日渐加速,血红蛋白50g/L,网织红细胞0.1%,白细胞2.8×109/L,分类中性粒细胞0.52,淋巴细胞0.48,骨髓三系细胞增生减低,网状细胞浆细胞多见,最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脾功能亢进", "B": "再障危象", "C": "骨髓纤维化", "D": "以上均不是"}, "answer": "再障危象", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肾综合征出血热休克期,下述哪一种药物不宜首先使用?(  )", "options": {"A": "血管活性药物", "B": "平衡盐", "C": "低分子右旋醣酐", "D": "高渗葡萄糖"}, "answer": "血管活性药物", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "6个月女,中度脱水,酸中毒,经纠正酸中毒与补液,12小时后出现嗜睡,呼吸较前为浅,心音低钝,心率160次/分,腹胀,肠鸣音弱,血钠为135mmol/L。3.输液的成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2:1含钠液20ml/kg", "B": "5%碳酸氢钠5ml/kg", "C": "20%甘露醇5ml/kg", "D": "10%氯化钾3ml/kg"}, "answer": "10%氯化钾3ml/kg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "潜伏性感染的意义是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病原体与人体保持永久平衡,不引起症状", "B": "病原体与人体相互作用,保持暂时性平衡,当人体防御功能减弱时,可引起疾病", "C": "病原体侵入人体发生免疫反应,不出现症状", "D": "病原体侵入人体,引起免疫反应,不出现症状"}, "answer": "病原体与人体相互作用,保持暂时性平衡,当人体防御功能减弱时,可引起疾病", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "恒牙骨化开始的年龄是(  )。", "options": {"A": "新生儿", "B": "1岁", "C": "2岁", "D": "4岁"}, "answer": "新生儿", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,55岁。上腹胀痛伴恶心3天,右下腹痛阵发加剧、腹胀半天。既往体健。查体:T 38.3℃,P 120次/分,BP 150/90mmHg。全腹压痛(+),右下腹明显,有肌紧张,肝浊音界存在,未闻及肠鸣音。实验室检查:血WBC 13.0×109/L,N 0.88。右下腹穿刺抽出黄色浑浊液体2ml,镜检脓细胞(++)。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阑尾炎穿孔并弥漫性腹膜炎", "B": "伤寒肠穿孔并弥漫性腹膜炎", "C": "消化性溃疡穿孔并弥漫性腹膜炎", "D": "重症急性胰腺炎"}, "answer": "阑尾炎穿孔并弥漫性腹膜炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "病理性激情是一种突然发作的非常强烈而短暂的情感障碍,多伴有意识障碍,常发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "孤独症", "B": "神经症", "C": "多动症", "D": "脑器质性精神障碍"}, "answer": "脑器质性精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "能力分为一般能力和特殊能力,属于特殊能力的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "记忆能力", "B": "数学能力", "C": "观察能力", "D": "想象能力"}, "answer": "数学能力", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,40岁。半月前头痛,恶心,呕吐2次,伴低热,问话不答。独自发呆,卧床不起,抽搐2次。查体:血压140/90mmHg,下肢肌张力增高,右侧巴氏征(+)。脑电图:弥漫性σ波,以额颞叶为主,有阵发性尖波发放。1.该患者的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒性脑炎所致精神障碍", "B": "精神分裂症", "C": "脑肿瘤所致精神障碍", "D": "癔症"}, "answer": "病毒性脑炎所致精神障碍", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者女性,34岁,因原发性甲亢行甲状腺双侧次全切除术。下列有关术中操作的描述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结扎切断甲状腺上动脉要远离甲状腺上极", "B": "切除腺体的70%~80%", "C": "止血后不必放置引流", "D": "须保留腺体的背面部分"}, "answer": "须保留腺体的背面部分", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,8岁突然出现喘憋、烦躁不安、大汗,不能平卧,既往曾有喘息发作2次,查体:两肺布满哮鸣音,考虑为支气管哮喘,目前治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖皮质激素", "B": "支气管扩张剂", "C": "免疫抑制剂", "D": "肥大细胞稳定剂"}, "answer": "糖皮质激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "胰岛素的主要作用是调节(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖代谢", "B": "蛋白质代谢", "C": "水、盐代谢", "D": "维生素代谢"}, "answer": "糖代谢", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "长期使用利尿药的降压机制是(  )。", "options": {"A": "降低血浆肾素活性", "B": "增加血浆肾素活性", "C": "减少血管平滑肌细胞内Na+", "D": "抑制醛固酮的分泌"}, "answer": "减少血管平滑肌细胞内Na+", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.辅助诊断肠热症的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肥达试验", "B": "抗链“O”试验", "C": "血浆凝固酶试验", "D": "胆汁溶菌试验"}, "answer": "肥达试验", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是心肌梗死最常发生的部位?(  )", "options": {"A": "右心室后壁", "B": "左心室后壁", "C": "右心室前壁", "D": "左心室前壁"}, "answer": "左心室前壁", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "流行性乙型脑炎最具特征性的病变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "噬神经细胞现象", "B": "筛网状软化灶", "C": "淋巴细胞袖口状浸润", "D": "胶质结节"}, "answer": "筛网状软化灶", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,42岁,10年来畏寒,少汗,纳差,月经不调,便秘,少语,少动,表情淡漠,情绪低落。近半年出现面色蜡黄,眼睑浮肿,表情和反应呆滞,有时出现一过性幻视。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑郁症", "B": "甲状腺功能低下所致精神障碍", "C": "肾上腺功能低下所致精神障碍", "D": "神经衰弱"}, "answer": "甲状腺功能低下所致精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1岁女孩,急起高热,流涎,厌食。查体:可见咽部充血,咽腭弓、悬雍垂、软腭等处可见2~4mm大小的疱疹,心肺(-),最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鹅口疮", "B": "咽一结合膜热", "C": "猩红热", "D": "疱疹性咽峡炎"}, "answer": "疱疹性咽峡炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3岁女孩,主因眼睑及面部水肿两周就诊。查体:血压12/9kPa,全身高度水肿,呈凹陷性。实验室检查尿蛋白(++++),尿红细胞1~2/HP。4.如果此患儿在病程中出现突发腰痛,非肾性血尿、少尿,临床诊断肾静脉血栓,则首选的治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "甲泼尼龙冲击", "B": "环磷酰胺冲击", "C": "口服潘生丁", "D": "静脉点滴肝素"}, "answer": "静脉点滴肝素", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男孩,1岁。发热8天并皮疹3天入院,外用抗生素治疗7天无效。查体:T39℃,烦躁不安,全身浅红色斑丘疹,双眼结膜充血,口唇鲜红、干裂,草莓舌,右颈淋巴结蚕豆大,质硬,有压痛,双肺呼吸音粗,心率130次/分,腹软,肝脾无增大,指、趾端硬性肿胀。实验室检查:血WBC 19×109/L,N 0.78,L 0.22,PLT 420×109/L,血沉120mm/h,血培养(-)。3.对预后有重要意义的随访检查项目是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ASO、ESR", "B": "心脏彩超", "C": "心电图", "D": "尿常规"}, "answer": "心脏彩超", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于妊娠期高血压疾病,以下哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "病情控制良好的孕妇,可经阴道分娩", "B": "大部分子痫发生在产前", "C": "为保障母婴安全,第二产程不应实施助产手术", "D": "第三产程需特别注意预防产后出血"}, "answer": "为保障母婴安全,第二产程不应实施助产手术", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医学伦理原则不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "有利", "B": "不伤害", "C": "尊重", "D": "胆识"}, "answer": "胆识", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "糖皮质激素本身没有缩血管效应,但能加强去甲肾上腺素的缩血管作用,这称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "协同作用", "B": "致敏作用", "C": "增强作用", "D": "允许作用"}, "answer": "允许作用", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "甲类传染病是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "SARS、狂犬病", "B": "高致病性禽流感、天花", "C": "鼠疫、霍乱", "D": "伤寒、流行性出血热"}, "answer": "鼠疫、霍乱", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "临床上可出现差异性青紫(上半身不紫而下半身紫)的先天性心脏病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "法洛四联症", "B": "完全性大动脉转位", "C": "动脉导管未闭", "D": "室间隔缺损"}, "answer": "动脉导管未闭", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一女性甲亢患者,丙硫氧嘧啶+普萘洛尔治疗2个月,T3、T4恢复正常,但甲状腺肿及突眼加重,应加用(  )。", "options": {"A": "复方碘液", "B": "甲状腺片", "C": "普萘洛尔", "D": "皮质醇"}, "answer": "甲状腺片", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,45岁,双手和膝关节肿痛伴晨僵1年。查体:肘部可及皮下结节,质硬,无触痛。1.诊断应首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "系统性硬化症", "B": "痛风", "C": "类风湿关节炎", "D": "风湿性关节炎"}, "answer": "类风湿关节炎", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男婴,4个月,反复发作性吸气性呼吸困难伴吸气时喉鸣,口唇青紫三次,无发热,发作间隔一般情况良好,枕部指压有乒乓球样感,肺、心未见异常。3.该患儿再次出现发作性呼吸困难缺氧时,首要的急救措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "气管插管", "B": "补充维生素D", "C": "应用甘露醇", "D": "应用地西泮,保持呼吸道畅通"}, "answer": "应用地西泮,保持呼吸道畅通", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "典型的苯丙酮尿症是因肝脏缺乏(  )。", "options": {"A": "酪氨酸羟化酶", "B": "谷氨酸羟化酶", "C": "苯丙氨酸-4-羟化酶", "D": "羟苯丙酮酸氧化酶"}, "answer": "苯丙氨酸-4-羟化酶", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.兼性厌氧菌(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核分枝杆菌", "B": "空肠弯曲菌", "C": "肺炎链球菌", "D": "噬菌体"}, "answer": "肺炎链球菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.能促进基因转录活性的顺式作用元件是(  )。", "options": {"A": "增强子", "B": "操纵子", "C": "衰减子", "D": "转座子"}, "answer": "增强子", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,50岁,8月10日来诊。10小时来腹泻共20多次,稀水便,继之吐4~5次,腹痛,不发热。查体:BP 90/60mmHg,神清,轻度脱水,腹软无压痛。本病人最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性菌痢", "B": "霍乱", "C": "胃肠型食物中毒", "D": "中毒型菌痢"}, "answer": "霍乱", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.切除患侧胸小肌和乳腺组织及清理患侧腋窝淋巴结,此术式为(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺癌改良根治术", "B": "乳腺癌根治术", "C": "乳腺癌姑息切除术", "D": "乳腺单纯切除术"}, "answer": "乳腺癌根治术", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "符合三羧酸循环过程的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "循环过程中消耗氧分子", "B": "乙酰CoA经三羧酸循环转变成草酰乙酸", "C": "循环一周可生成2ATP", "D": "循环一周生成2分子CO2"}, "answer": "循环一周生成2分子CO2", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "用荧光抗体染色镜检肾小球基底膜的复合物呈均匀线型,属于下述哪种超敏反应(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅰ型超敏反应", "B": "Ⅱ型超敏反应", "C": "Ⅳ型超敏反应", "D": "Ⅰ型+Ⅲ型超敏反应"}, "answer": "Ⅱ型超敏反应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男性,8个月,咳嗽、发热1周,喘憋3天,逐渐加重,今日开始嗜睡,抽搐2次,体温不退,高达39.5℃。查体:呼吸急促,呼吸56次/分,心率:100次/分,双肺广泛的中小水泡音,肝肋下1cm。血白细胞4×109/L;脑脊液检查提示压力升高,糖、氯化物正常,细胞数个,蛋白质定性阴性。1.此时首选的紧急措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "镇静止抽", "B": "给予毒毛K快速洋地黄制剂", "C": "应用广谱抗生素", "D": "物理降温+退热剂"}, "answer": "镇静止抽", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪一项不是A型行为特征?(  )", "options": {"A": "时间紧迫感", "B": "脾气急躁", "C": "争强好胜", "D": "对环境强烈不满"}, "answer": "对环境强烈不满", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,40岁。向心性肥胖伴乏力3年。查体:BP 180/110mmHg,满月脸、多血质,皮肤可见宽大紫纹,血糖12.8mmol/L,血钾3.8mmol/L,尿皮质醇增高,小剂量地塞米松试验不能抑制,但大剂量地塞米松试验能抑制。未明确病因,除肾上腺CT检查外,最需要进行的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鞍区MRI", "B": "胸部CT", "C": "肾动脉造影", "D": "头颅X线平片"}, "answer": "鞍区MRI", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.抵御化脓性细菌入侵的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中性粒细胞", "B": "嗜碱粒细胞", "C": "嗜酸粒细胞", "D": "淋巴细胞"}, "answer": "中性粒细胞", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "维系蛋白质一级结构的主要化学键为(  )。", "options": {"A": "二硫键", "B": "范德华力", "C": "离子键", "D": "肽键"}, "answer": "肽键", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肠阿米巴病的特点哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "结肠壁中原虫可经血行引起其他脏器的继发性脓肿", "B": "原发病在结肠黏膜", "C": "易变为慢性", "D": "临床表现与各种并发症的发生与肠道病变的严重程度呈平行关系"}, "answer": "临床表现与各种并发症的发生与肠道病变的严重程度呈平行关系", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.与细菌对热的抵抗力相关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "普通菌毛", "B": "荚膜", "C": "芽胞", "D": "鞭毛"}, "answer": "芽胞", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,47岁,子宫平滑肌瘤手术同时切除阑尾。病理检查,阑尾系膜处有一直径1cm的淡黄色肿物,与阑尾壁粘连,质地中等。此肿物最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腺癌", "B": "平滑肌瘤", "C": "脂肪瘤", "D": "类癌"}, "answer": "类癌", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性肾功能衰竭少尿期结束的标志是指24小时尿量至少增加至(  )。", "options": {"A": "250ml", "B": "300ml", "C": "350ml", "D": "400ml"}, "answer": "400ml", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "乳腺癌患者乳腺皮肤出现“酒窝征”的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肿瘤侵犯了腰大肌", "B": "肿瘤侵犯了Cooper韧带", "C": "癌细胞堵塞了局部皮下淋巴管", "D": "肿瘤侵犯了局部皮肤"}, "answer": "肿瘤侵犯了Cooper韧带", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.骨关节炎的手术治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "关节清理术", "B": "切开复位术", "C": "腰椎截骨术", "D": "病灶清除术"}, "answer": "关节清理术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,55岁。昨天中午参加婚宴后下午开始腹痛,为持续性胀痛,牵涉到后背,伴恶心、呕吐。有胆囊结石病10年。查体:体温37.2℃,血压110/82mmHg,脉率108次/min,呼吸24次/min,巩膜可疑黄染,上腹膨隆,全腹压痛,以左上腹为重,轻度肌紧张,肠鸣音1~2次/min。WBC 11×109/L,N 0.80,血淀粉酶1500U/L,尿淀粉酶2200U/L,B超显示胆囊多发结石,胆总管宽0.8cm,胰腺增大,边界不清,胰周有积液。3.两周后,病情稳定,体温不高,CT见胰体尾部增强不均匀,小网膜囊10cm×8cm液性包块。此时需做的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "手术清创引流", "B": "腹腔穿刺引流", "C": "继续保守治疗,2个月后处理囊肿和胆道", "D": "手术切除"}, "answer": "继续保守治疗,2个月后处理囊肿和胆道", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下面是世界精神卫生协会提出的心理健康标准,除了(  )。", "options": {"A": "身体、智力、情绪十分调和", "B": "没有躯体疾病", "C": "有幸福感", "D": "在工作和职业中能充分发挥自己的能力,过着有效率的生活"}, "answer": "没有躯体疾病", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,28岁。腹痛、发热、呕吐1天。查体:T 38.9℃,P 120次/分,双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿性啰音,心率120次/分,律齐,右下腹麦氏点压痛、反跳痛(+)。血常规: Hb 120g/L,WBC 10.2×109/L,N 0.85,PLT 202×109/L。行阑尾切除术,手术标本病理检查可见阑尾壁各层大量弥漫性浸润的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "巨噬细胞", "B": "嗜碱性粒细胞", "C": "嗜酸性粒细胞", "D": "中性粒细胞"}, "answer": "中性粒细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对脑和长骨的发育最为重要的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "生长激素", "B": "性激素", "C": "促甲状腺激素", "D": "甲状腺激素"}, "answer": "甲状腺激素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列对肺容量的叙述中,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "平静呼气末,肺内残留的气体量称为功能余气量", "B": "最大呼气,所能呼出的气量为余气量", "C": "每次呼吸时,吸入和呼出的气量为潮气量", "D": "肺总量是肺活量和功能余气量之和"}, "answer": "平静呼气末,肺内残留的气体量称为功能余气量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,40岁,因风湿性心脏病出现心衰,心功Ⅱ级,并有下肢水肿,经地高辛治疗后,心功有改善,但水肿不见好转,检查发现血浆醛固酮水平高,此时最好选用的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氢氯噻嗪", "B": "呋塞米", "C": "螺内酯", "D": "氨苯蝶啶"}, "answer": "螺内酯", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "参与免疫调节的免疫细胞和免疫分子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗独特型抗体和独特型网络", "B": "T、B淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞、NK细胞及细胞因子", "C": "MHC分子", "D": "以上都对"}, "answer": "以上都对", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,35岁。因发热寒战,腰痛5天入院。查体:右肾区有叩击痛。尿常规:红细胞5~6个/HP,白细胞20~30个/HP。中段尿培养大肠埃希菌>105/ml。经抗生素治疗3天后体温正常。2.患者出院时尿常规正常,尿培养阴性,不发热,仍感腹痛,肾区无叩痛,出院后应注意(  )。", "options": {"A": "定时复查尿培养", "B": "继续用抗生素治疗", "C": "每晚服抗生素1次", "D": "卧床休息至腰痛消失"}, "answer": "定时复查尿培养", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,28岁,停经2个月,阴道有咖啡色物排出3天。检查:一般情况良好,宫口未开,子宫2个月妊娠大小,尿妊娠试验阳性。合适的处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即刮宫术", "B": "保胎治疗", "C": "肌注缩宫素引产", "D": "输血"}, "answer": "保胎治疗", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,38岁。会阴部骑跨伤,受伤后尿道外口滴血,会阴部和阴囊处肿胀、瘀斑及蝶形血肿。2.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "后尿道挫裂伤", "B": "膀胱破裂", "C": "膀胱挫伤", "D": "前尿道裂伤"}, "answer": "前尿道裂伤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一女咨询者,35岁,某大学教师。3个月前因出国问题与领导争吵,而后逐渐表现出情绪低落、兴趣减退,对未来悲观失望,认为领导和同事都疏远她,常有怨天尤人的表现。能主动求医,接触良好。1.针对此例,在心理评估上宜采用(  )。", "options": {"A": "观察法", "B": "调查法", "C": "会谈法", "D": "心理测验法"}, "answer": "会谈法", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,14岁。发热5天,伴乏力、纳差、恶心、尿黄1天。有不洁饮食史。查体:T 38℃,巩膜黄染,肝肋下1.5cm,触叩痛(+),脾肋下未触及。实验室检查:血WBC 8.5×109/L,N 0.54,L 0.46,ALT 1850U/L,TBil 96μmol/L,DBil 63μmol/L。1.首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性病毒性肝炎", "B": "沙门菌感染", "C": "急性胆囊炎", "D": "肾综合征出血热"}, "answer": "急性病毒性肝炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,55岁。上腹疼痛伴反酸、烧心15年,近期出现体重下降。最有价值的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃肠道造影检查", "B": "超声检查", "C": "血清学检测", "D": "胃镜"}, "answer": "胃镜", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患儿,男,10个月,母乳喂养,近3个月来面色渐苍白,间断腹泻,原可站立,现坐不稳,手足常颤抖。体检面色苍黄,略水肿,表情呆滞。血红蛋白80g/L,红细胞2.0×1012/L,白细胞6.0×109/L。3.哪项治疗最恰当?(  )", "options": {"A": "静滴维生素B6", "B": "肌注维生素B12", "C": "肌注维生素D3", "D": "维生素C口服"}, "answer": "肌注维生素B12", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "一女大学生,19岁,病前有强迫性人格特征。在一次动物实验中,因抓大白鼠的方法不对而被鼠咬,引起焦虑和恐惧发作,而后表现为见鼠就惊叫、害怕、心跳剧烈,发展到有人谈到鼠也出现焦虑、紧张、出汗症状。病人主动求医,要求治疗。对这例病人最佳的心理评估方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "会谈法", "B": "观察法", "C": "调查法", "D": "心理测验法"}, "answer": "观察法", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "手术后早期出现恶心、呕吐常见的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻醉反应", "B": "颅内压增高", "C": "肠梗阻", "D": "低血钾"}, "answer": "麻醉反应", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于风湿热实验室检查结果的判定,下述哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "20%病人抗“O”不增高", "B": "抗“O”增高,只能说明近期有过链球菌感染", "C": "舞蹈病患儿抗“O”一定增高", "D": "C反应蛋白可提示风湿活动"}, "answer": "舞蹈病患儿抗“O”一定增高", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "伤寒发病2周微生物学检查分离培养时常采用的标本是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血液", "B": "骨髓", "C": "便", "D": "十二指肠液"}, "answer": "便", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "最直接联系核苷酸合成与糖代谢的物质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "葡萄糖", "B": "6-磷酸葡萄糖", "C": "1-磷酸葡萄糖", "D": "5-磷酸核糖"}, "answer": "5-磷酸核糖", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "已知DNA双链中的一条链所含A=35%,G=20%,其另一互补链的碱基组成,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "T+C=45%", "B": "A+T=45%", "C": "T+G=45%", "D": "T+C=55%"}, "answer": "T+C=55%", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是环孢素A发挥作用的主要原因?(  )", "options": {"A": "对CD4细胞有细胞毒作用", "B": "在细胞受体部位与γ-IFN,IL-2竞争", "C": "导致T细胞数目减少", "D": "对造血干细胞有细胞毒作用"}, "answer": "导致T细胞数目减少", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下哪项不是结核性脑膜炎的早期表现?(  )", "options": {"A": "性情改变", "B": "发热", "C": "食欲差", "D": "惊厥"}, "answer": "惊厥", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "体循环中血流阻力主要来自(  )。", "options": {"A": "小动脉", "B": "微动脉", "C": "小动脉和微动脉", "D": "静脉"}, "answer": "小动脉和微动脉", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,46岁,3个月前因胆石症在当地医院行胆总管十二指肠吻合,1天前突然出现右上腹痛、寒战、高热,呕血约1000ml,入院后立即输血,当输血10ml时,突然心前区出现压迫感,腰背部酸痛并出现血红蛋白尿,血压70/50mmHg(9.33/6.67kPa)。1.该病人可能发生(  )。", "options": {"A": "发热反应", "B": "变态反应", "C": "溶血反应", "D": "细菌污染反应"}, "answer": "溶血反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "具有调理作用的补体成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "C3b", "B": "C3a", "C": "C4a", "D": "C5b"}, "answer": "C3b", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "HGPRT(次黄嘌呤鸟嘌呤核糖转移酶)参与(  )。", "options": {"A": "嘌呤核苷酸从头合成", "B": "嘌呤核苷酸补救合成", "C": "嘧啶核苷酸补救合成", "D": "嘌呤核苷酸分解代谢"}, "answer": "嘌呤核苷酸补救合成", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.主要为记忆障碍,定向障碍,虚构(  )。", "options": {"A": "Wernick脑病", "B": "依赖综合征", "C": "戒断综合征", "D": "Korsakoff综合征"}, "answer": "Korsakoff综合征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.以上是传导速度最快的部位的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "窦房结", "B": "房室交界", "C": "浦肯野纤维", "D": "心房肌"}, "answer": "浦肯野纤维", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "室间隔缺损血流动力学改变首先引起(  )。", "options": {"A": "左心房增大", "B": "左心室增大", "C": "右心室增大", "D": "主动脉扩张"}, "answer": "左心室增大", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "适宜卡介苗接种的主要对象是(  )。", "options": {"A": "结核性脑膜炎", "B": "结核菌素试验阳性者", "C": "新生儿及结核菌素试验阴性的儿童", "D": "细胞免疫功能低下者"}, "answer": "新生儿及结核菌素试验阴性的儿童", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "静息状态下,可无明显临床表现的结石是(  )。", "options": {"A": "输尿管结石", "B": "膀胱结石", "C": "尿路结石", "D": "肾盂结石"}, "answer": "肾盂结石", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "在检测梅毒的间接免疫荧光抗体试验中,所涉及的反应物有(  )。", "options": {"A": "患者血清和荧光素标记的灭活的梅毒螺旋体", "B": "患者阴茎分泌物和荧光标记的兔抗人抗体", "C": "荧光素标记的患者血清,兔抗人抗体和灭活的梅毒螺旋体", "D": "患者血清,灭活的梅毒螺旋体和荧光素标记的兔抗人抗体"}, "answer": "患者血清,灭活的梅毒螺旋体和荧光素标记的兔抗人抗体", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "BCR复合韧中传递活化信号的分子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "mIgM", "B": "CD3", "C": "CD4", "D": "CD79a和CD79b"}, "answer": "CD79a和CD79b", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.最容易发生在清晨空腹时惊厥,多见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "低血糖", "B": "低血镁", "C": "婴儿痉挛症", "D": "高热惊厥"}, "answer": "低血糖", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男孩,4岁。发热、头痛、皮疹12小时,频繁抽搐、昏迷2小时。查体:全身可见大量瘀点瘀斑,双下肢右部分融合成片,血压测不出,右侧瞳孔散大,对光反射消失。下列处理不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸氧及心电监护", "B": "瘀点涂片检菌", "C": "立刻腰椎穿刺做脑脊液常规检査", "D": "急查DIC指标"}, "answer": "立刻腰椎穿刺做脑脊液常规检査", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "子宫内膜癌的治疗,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅱ期应行广泛子宫切除术及双侧盆腔淋巴结及腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫术", "B": "Ⅰ期患者深肌层浸润的手术加放疗", "C": "Ⅰ期有浅肌层浸润者,术后常规应辅助放疗", "D": "严重并发症不能耐受手术的放疗"}, "answer": "Ⅰ期有浅肌层浸润者,术后常规应辅助放疗", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.骨折后容易出现骨筋膜室综合征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "桡骨远端骨折", "B": "前臂屈肌群", "C": "尺骨上1/3骨折", "D": "肱骨干骨折"}, "answer": "尺骨上1/3骨折", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "医疗机构施行特殊治疗,无法取得患者意见又无家属或者关系人在场,或者遇到其他特殊情况时,经治医师应当提出医疗处置方案,在取得(  )。", "options": {"A": "病房负责人同意后实施", "B": "科室负责人同意后实施", "C": "医疗机构负责人或者被授权负责人批准后实施", "D": "科室全体医师讨论通过后实施"}, "answer": "医疗机构负责人或者被授权负责人批准后实施", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.以小叶为单位,灶状散布的化脓性炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "大叶性肺炎", "B": "小叶性肺炎", "C": "肺气肿", "D": "肺硅沉着病"}, "answer": "小叶性肺炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "最常见的卵巢肿瘤并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "感染", "B": "破裂", "C": "恶变", "D": "蒂扭转"}, "answer": "蒂扭转", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,25岁,患伤寒3周,近2天出现巩膜及皮肤黄疸,尿呈暗红色或棕色。血ALT 25U/L,ASTl8U/L,T-BIL 80mmol/L。该患者可能发生了(  )。", "options": {"A": "继发感染败血症", "B": "中毒性肺炎", "C": "合并中毒性肝炎", "D": "溶血性尿毒综合征"}, "answer": "溶血性尿毒综合征", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,50岁。因子宫肌瘤行全子宫切除术。术中医生发现患者左侧卵巢有病变应切除,在未征得患者及其家属同意的情况下,将左侧卵巢与子宫一并切除。术后患者恢复良好。该案例中,医生违背的临床诊疗伦理原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "知情同意原则", "B": "患者至上原则", "C": "守信原则", "D": "保密原则"}, "answer": "知情同意原则", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.腺病毒肺炎(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线早于体征,大小不等的片状阴影或融合成大病灶", "B": "肺浸润,多发性肺脓肿", "C": "多种多样,基本改变为支气管肺炎征象", "D": "以肺门阴影增浓为突出"}, "answer": "X线早于体征,大小不等的片状阴影或融合成大病灶", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,51岁。上腹部胀痛8个月,突发剧痛2小时,消瘦,贫血貌,左锁骨上淋巴结肿大1.8cm×1.5cm,质硬,全腹肌紧张,上腹明显压痛、反跳痛(+),腹部X线可见膈下游离气体。下一步治疗最合理的术式为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃癌根治术", "B": "穿孔修补术", "C": "胃空肠吻合术", "D": "姑息性胃大部切除术"}, "answer": "姑息性胃大部切除术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于脑囊虫病的治疗,下列各项中不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "必须住院治疗", "B": "病情重,阿苯达唑剂量应加大", "C": "病情重,阿苯达唑剂量应减少", "D": "有囊虫致脑室孔堵塞者,应手术治疗"}, "answer": "病情重,阿苯达唑剂量应加大", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性病毒性肝炎病程一般为(  )。", "options": {"A": "<2个月", "B": "2~4个月", "C": "<5个月", "D": ">半年"}, "answer": "2~4个月", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者突然意识丧失,全身抽搐,面色发绀,口吐白沫,小便失禁,5~6分钟后意识逐渐清醒。诊断可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "癔症", "B": "舞蹈病", "C": "癫痫", "D": "震颤麻痹"}, "answer": "癫痫", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某患者下肢水肿,肺部听诊有湿啰音,此人可能患有哪种病?(  )", "options": {"A": "肾盂肾炎", "B": "肺炎", "C": "高血压病", "D": "高血压病,全心衰"}, "answer": "高血压病,全心衰", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,1个月,体格检查发现左侧心前区有Ⅲ~Ⅳ级收缩期粗糙杂音,以后经多方面检查确诊为室间隔缺损。缺损自然闭合一般发生在(  )。", "options": {"A": "生后5个月内", "B": "生后3个月内", "C": "生后9个月内", "D": "5岁以下"}, "answer": "5岁以下", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.单位时间内药物按一定比率消除的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "半衰期", "B": "清除率", "C": "消除速率常数", "D": "一级动力学消除"}, "answer": "一级动力学消除", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "构成医患信托关系的根本前提是(  )。", "options": {"A": "病人求医行为中包含对医师的信任", "B": "现代医学服务是完全可以信赖的", "C": "医师是“仁者”", "D": "医患交往中加入一些特殊因素"}, "answer": "病人求医行为中包含对医师的信任", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述哪一项不符合痫性发作?(  )", "options": {"A": "单纯部分性发作起始于脑局部,不伴意识障碍", "B": "痫性发作分部分性发作和全面性发作两个主要类型", "C": "全面性发作起始于脑局部,伴意识障碍", "D": "痫性发作起始的异常放电源为两侧脑部的,为全面性发作"}, "answer": "全面性发作起始于脑局部,伴意识障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于蛋白质四级结构的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一定有多个不同的亚基", "B": "亚基的种类,数目都不定", "C": "一定有种类不同,而数目相同的亚基", "D": "一定有种类相同,而数目不同的亚基"}, "answer": "一定有多个不同的亚基", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "病人甲输液中发生反应,经对症处置,症状消失,当天夜里出现心悸、呼吸困难,晨5时死亡。家属认为是医院的责任,拒不从病房移走尸体。第二天上午上班,院方决定请法医钱某做尸检。下午钱某告知院方因紧急会务不能去做,家属也不同意尸检,第三天又请到法医李某,经与家属协商,第四天进行了尸检,李某未能对死因做出解释。使纠纷无法下结论,对这一结果(  )。", "options": {"A": "钱某承担因拖延而迟延尸检,无法下结论的结果", "B": "只能以死因不明定论", "C": "李某承担因未做出解释而无法结论的结果", "D": "家属承担因不同意尸检迟延尸检而无法结论的结果"}, "answer": "家属承担因不同意尸检迟延尸检而无法结论的结果", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一个病人思维清晰,智能相对良好,但有近事记忆障碍和言谈虚构倾向,最可能的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "谵妄综合征", "B": "慢性脑病综合征", "C": "痴呆综合征", "D": "遗忘综合征"}, "answer": "遗忘综合征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.检查是否存在纤溶亢进的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾上腺素试验", "B": "D-二聚体测定", "C": "毛细血管脆性试验", "D": "血小板聚集试验"}, "answer": "D-二聚体测定", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "4岁小儿,发热,体温38℃,有结膜炎,发热后1天出疹,由面部开始,1天后遍布全身,3天后皮疹消退,枕后、耳后淋巴结肿大。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹", "B": "风疹", "C": "幼儿急疹", "D": "猩红热"}, "answer": "风疹", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "嘧啶分解代谢的终产物正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿苷", "B": "尿素", "C": "α-丙氨酸", "D": "氨和二氧化碳"}, "answer": "氨和二氧化碳", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,27岁,妊娠20周。3天前出现少量阴道流血,继而出现阵发性下腹疼痛。妇科检查宫口未开、胎膜未破。一日来阴道流血量增多,腹痛加剧,妇科检查宫颈口已张开。此时应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "难免流产", "B": "不完全流产", "C": "完全流产", "D": "稽留流产"}, "answer": "难免流产", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,31岁,人院后每日总站在窗前愤怒地向外大骂。问其原因,答到:“我听到单位许多同事站在外面议论我,诬陷我,说我作风不好。”此症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "感觉障碍", "B": "错觉", "C": "幻听", "D": "情感障碍"}, "answer": "幻听", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,42岁,多饮,多尿,血pH7.5,血钾3.1mmol/L。下列疾病可能性最大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖尿病", "B": "尿崩症", "C": "原发性醛固酮增多症", "D": "癔病"}, "answer": "原发性醛固酮增多症", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,35岁。有胃溃疡史6年,今日早饭后,突然上腹痛,拒按。查体:腹壁呈板状僵硬,可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "阑尾炎", "B": "胆囊炎", "C": "溃疡穿孔", "D": "肠梗阻"}, "answer": "溃疡穿孔", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,女,2岁半。自幼牛乳喂养,未按要求添加辅食,有时腹泻,逐渐消瘦。体检:身高80cm,体重7000g,皮下脂肪减少,腹壁皮下脂肪厚度<0.4cm,皮肤干燥、苍白,肌张力明显减低,肌肉松弛,脉搏缓慢,心音较低钝。3.该情况下,应采取的紧急抢救措施除立即给氧外,首先为(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即给强心剂治疗", "B": "输液纠正脱水", "C": "立即测血糖,静脉注射高渗葡萄糖", "D": "立即测血钙,补充钙剂"}, "answer": "立即测血糖,静脉注射高渗葡萄糖", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,18岁,西安人,于12月15日入院。发热已3天,尿量明显减少已1天,检查:神清,体温不高,BP 68/30mmHg,眼结膜充血,水肿,两腋下散在小出血点,血WBC26×109/L,尿蛋白(+++),血小板50×109/L。下面的处理中,不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉滴注大剂量青霉素", "B": "快速补充血容量", "C": "纠正酸中毒", "D": "禁用对肾有损伤的药物"}, "answer": "静脉滴注大剂量青霉素", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,51岁。上腹部胀痛8个月,突发剧痛2小时。消瘦、贫血貌。左锁骨上淋巴结肿大3.8cm×1.5cm,质硬。全腹肌紧张,上腹明显压痛,反跳痛(+)。腹部X线透视可见膈下游离气体。下一步治疗最合理的术式为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃造瘘术", "B": "穿孔修补术", "C": "胃空肠吻合术", "D": "姑息性胃大部切除术"}, "answer": "姑息性胃大部切除术", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪种不是HLA的生物学功能(  )。", "options": {"A": "参与器官移植", "B": "参与免疫应答", "C": "参与超敏反应", "D": "与某些疾病有关"}, "answer": "参与超敏反应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.消退(  )。", "options": {"A": "行为出现的频率增加,给予正性强化物", "B": "行为出现的频率增加,给予负性强化物", "C": "行为出现的频率减少,给予负性强化物", "D": "行为出现的频率减少,不给予强化"}, "answer": "行为出现的频率减少,不给予强化", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,35岁,因车祸右小腿受伤,经拍X线片,诊断为右胫骨中下1/3交界处斜形骨折,其易发生(  )。", "options": {"A": "脂肪栓塞", "B": "延迟愈合或不愈合", "C": "血管损伤", "D": "神经损伤"}, "answer": "延迟愈合或不愈合", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,40岁,半月前患“感冒”,头痛,恶心,呕吐两次,发热,当时按“感冒”治疗。此后逐渐出现精神委靡,疲乏无力,表情淡漠,卧床不起,不食,不语,问话不答,时而独自发笑。既往健康。躯体检查:体温38.5℃,脉搏100次/分,呼吸20次/分,血压120/70mmHg,急性重症面容,体表消瘦,轻度脱水。神经系统检查:嗜睡状态,右下肢肌张力增高,腱反射亢进,有踝阵挛。精神检查:两眼呆滞,缄默不语,表情淡漠,蜡样屈曲,处于木僵状态。脑电图呈广泛中度异常。2.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "反应性木僵", "B": "病毒性脑炎所致精神障碍", "C": "脑肿瘤所致精神障碍", "D": "抑郁性木僵"}, "answer": "病毒性脑炎所致精神障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.低渗性脱水的常见病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "感染性休克", "B": "肺炎高热", "C": "慢性十二指肠瘘", "D": "挤压综合征"}, "answer": "慢性十二指肠瘘", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "子宫颈癌扩散转移途径哪项最少?(  )", "options": {"A": "直接蔓延", "B": "血行转移", "C": "髂外淋巴结", "D": "骶前淋巴结"}, "answer": "血行转移", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.可引起胃溃疡的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "铜绿假单胞菌", "B": "幽门螺杆菌", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "D": "军团菌"}, "answer": "幽门螺杆菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者死亡,医患双方当事人不能确定死因或者对死因有异议的,应当尸检。当地不具备尸体冻存条件的,尸检的期限是在患者死亡后(  )。", "options": {"A": "24h内进行", "B": "36h内进行", "C": "48h内进行", "D": "60h内进行"}, "answer": "48h内进行", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.与引起移植排斥反应直接相关的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗乙酰胆碱受体的自身抗体", "B": "抗TSH受体的抗体", "C": "抗原-抗体复合物", "D": "HLA抗原"}, "answer": "HLA抗原", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,26岁,外伤致肱骨中下1/3骨折,来院检查时发现有垂腕、垂指畸形。1.该患者合并哪条神经损伤?(  )", "options": {"A": "臂丛神经损伤", "B": "尺神经损伤", "C": "正中神经损伤", "D": "桡神经损伤"}, "answer": "桡神经损伤", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列属于代偿性肥大的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "妊娠子宫", "B": "毒性甲状腺肿", "C": "单纯性甲状腺肿", "D": "右侧肾摘除后左侧肾增大"}, "answer": "右侧肾摘除后左侧肾增大", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "选择性迷走神经切断术治疗十二指肠溃疡时加做幽门成形术的目的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "减低溃疡复发率", "B": "防止手术后腹泻", "C": "解除胃潴留", "D": "有利于消化吸收功能"}, "answer": "解除胃潴留", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于我国饮用水的卫生标准(GB5749-85)的规定,叙述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "每毫升饮水中细菌总数不超过10个", "B": "每毫升饮水中细菌总数不超过100个", "C": "每100ml饮水中细菌总数不超过10个", "D": "每500ml饮水中细菌总数不超过10个"}, "answer": "每毫升饮水中细菌总数不超过100个", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪一种疾病属于变质性炎?(  )", "options": {"A": "病毒性肝炎", "B": "白喉", "C": "绒毛心", "D": "肝脓肿"}, "answer": "病毒性肝炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "一患者左脚外伤后感染化脓,而后出现左腿麻木、发凉和水肿入院治疗。人院第三天突然出现呼吸困难、咳嗽、咯血以及口唇发绀等症状,在抢救过程中死亡,该病人最可能的死因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺出血性梗死", "B": "肺动脉栓塞", "C": "大叶性肺炎", "D": "败血症"}, "answer": "肺动脉栓塞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不孕患者,检测排卵功能,对诊断关系不大的辅助检查方法为(  )。", "options": {"A": "B超检测卵巢排卵", "B": "月经周期后半期宫颈黏液检查", "C": "肾上腺功能检测", "D": "月经周期前半期子宫内膜活检"}, "answer": "肾上腺功能检测", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "与肿瘤有密切关系的行为是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B型", "B": "A型", "C": "C型", "D": "E型"}, "answer": "C型", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "与外分泌腺相比,下列哪一点最符合内分泌腺特征?(  )", "options": {"A": "腺体组织中血运丰富", "B": "可作用于远部位组织", "C": "为无导管腺体", "D": "可进入血循环"}, "answer": "为无导管腺体", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.饮水消毒宜应用(  )。", "options": {"A": "高压蒸汽灭菌", "B": "干烤", "C": "紫外线", "D": "煮沸消毒"}, "answer": "煮沸消毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "腰麻术后出现急性尿潴留,最常用的处理方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "热敷", "B": "耻骨上膀胱穿刺抽吸尿液", "C": "导尿", "D": "针灸"}, "answer": "导尿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "目前用于病因性预防的首选抗疟药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氯喹", "B": "伯氨喹", "C": "乙胺嘧啶", "D": "利福平"}, "answer": "乙胺嘧啶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,65岁。进行性吞咽困难3个月,体重下降7kg,目前能进半流食。1.对该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "食管平滑肌瘤", "B": "贲门失弛缓症", "C": "食管癌", "D": "食管灼伤狭窄"}, "answer": "食管癌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,38岁。患肝硬化3年,一周来畏寒发热,体温38℃左右,全腹痛,腹部明显膨胀。尿量500ml/d。以下体征中对目前病情判断最有意义的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹壁静脉曲张呈海蛇头样", "B": "肝大", "C": "腹部移动性浊音阳性", "D": "全腹压痛及反跳痛"}, "answer": "全腹压痛及反跳痛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.能够治疗慢性心功能不全和逆转心肌肥厚并能降低病死率的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "美西律", "B": "维拉帕米", "C": "卡托普利", "D": "强心苷"}, "answer": "卡托普利", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列各项中参与外源性第一阶段的凝血过程是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅶ因子", "B": "Ⅺ因子", "C": "Ⅸ因子", "D": "Ⅷ因子"}, "answer": "Ⅶ因子", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "与有机磷中毒无关的症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多汗", "B": "瞳孔缩小", "C": "呕吐物有酸酵味", "D": "唾液多"}, "answer": "呕吐物有酸酵味", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是与免疫复合物无关的肾小球肾炎?(  )", "options": {"A": "新月体性肾炎", "B": "膜性肾炎", "C": "轻微病变性肾炎(脂性肾病)", "D": "膜性增生性肾炎"}, "answer": "轻微病变性肾炎(脂性肾病)", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "腹部手术后,原则上鼓励早期活动,其理由不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "促进伤口愈合", "B": "减少深静脉血栓形成", "C": "减少肺部并发症", "D": "减少腹腔感染"}, "answer": "减少腹腔感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "医务人员“彼此平等、互相尊重”这一道德原则的根据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医务人员分工不同,但人格平等", "B": "医务人员分工不同,彼此依赖,共同负责", "C": "医务人员分工不同,各有明确职责,工作目标一致", "D": "医务人员分工不同,且各有专长,彼此依赖"}, "answer": "医务人员分工不同,但人格平等", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列各项中不对的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血压过高者,术前应使用降压药物待血压正常后再行手术", "B": "水、电解质平衡紊乱病人术前需纠正", "C": "贫血病人术前应少量多次输血纠正", "D": "对偶发室性期前收缩,一般不需特殊处理"}, "answer": "血压过高者,术前应使用降压药物待血压正常后再行手术", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "临床上常用驱虫药物哪一项最常用?(  )", "options": {"A": "吡喹酮", "B": "双硫双二氯酚", "C": "肠虫清(阿苯达唑)", "D": "甲苯达唑"}, "answer": "吡喹酮", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "典型麻疹皮疹的特点为(  )。", "options": {"A": "红色粟粒疹,疹间皮肤充血", "B": "红色斑丘疹,疹退后遗有色素沉着、脱屑", "C": "红色斑疹或斑丘疹,皮疹周围可见晕圈", "D": "大小不等的斑丘疹,间有水泡"}, "answer": "红色斑丘疹,疹退后遗有色素沉着、脱屑", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "消化液中最重要的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃液", "B": "唾液", "C": "胆汁", "D": "胰液"}, "answer": "胰液", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "处理阑尾断端不宜采用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯结扎", "B": "结扎加荷包缝合包埋", "C": "单纯荷包缝合包埋", "D": "断端直接用石炭酸烧灼"}, "answer": "断端直接用石炭酸烧灼", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男孩,6个月,已诊断为化脓性脑膜炎,近2日突然烦躁、哭闹,头围增大,疑有硬膜下积液。为进一步确诊,应选择哪一项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "眼底检查", "B": "硬膜下穿刺", "C": "头CT", "D": "摄颅骨X线片"}, "answer": "硬膜下穿刺", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2岁女孩,突发喘息1d。查体:体温正常,稍气促,两肺广布哮鸣音。母有哮喘史。给予沙丁胺醇气雾剂吸入后,肺部哮鸣音逐渐消失,按评分法该患儿评分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "2分", "B": "3分", "C": "4分", "D": "6分"}, "answer": "6分", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "属治疗流行性脑脊髓膜炎的首选药物之一的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "磺胺甲噁唑", "B": "磺胺嘧啶", "C": "甲氧苄啶", "D": "磺胺米隆"}, "answer": "磺胺嘧啶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.颈胸手术后可采取(  )。", "options": {"A": "俯卧位", "B": "头高脚低斜坡卧位", "C": "高半坐位卧位", "D": "低半坐位卧位"}, "answer": "高半坐位卧位", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.细胞内线粒体肿大、内质网扩张(  )。", "options": {"A": "水变性", "B": "脂肪变性", "C": "玻璃样变性", "D": "纤维素样变性"}, "answer": "水变性", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,44岁。建筑工人,6小时前不慎从高处坠落摔伤,腰部疼痛,活动受限,不能独立行走。2.为明确是否有腰椎骨折,首选的影像学检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B超", "B": "ECT", "C": "CT", "D": "X线片"}, "answer": "CT", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "临产后的宫颈变化,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫颈管消失过程:先形成漏斗状,逐渐短缩直至消失", "B": "初产妇宫颈管消失与宫口扩张同步进行居多", "C": "经产妇宫颈管先消失,宫口后扩张居多", "D": "破膜后胎先露部直接压迫宫颈,影响宫口扩张"}, "answer": "宫颈管消失过程:先形成漏斗状,逐渐短缩直至消失", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.痣细胞在真皮内呈巢状或条索状(  )。", "options": {"A": "混合痣", "B": "皮内痣", "C": "交界痣", "D": "恶性黑色素瘤"}, "answer": "皮内痣", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列哪项为急性脊髓炎不应出现的体征?(  )", "options": {"A": "病变节段以下所有感觉缺失", "B": "脊髓休克", "C": "自主神经功能障碍", "D": "复视、眼肌麻痹"}, "answer": "复视、眼肌麻痹", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "溃疡性结肠炎腹痛的规律是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹痛→便意→便后缓解", "B": "腹痛→进餐→缓解", "C": "腹痛多遍及全腹", "D": "腹痛多在两餐之间发生,持续不减至下餐后缓解"}, "answer": "腹痛→便意→便后缓解", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "影响神经纤维动作电位幅度的主要因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "刺激时间", "B": "刺激强度", "C": "阈电位水平", "D": "细胞内、外的Na+浓度"}, "answer": "细胞内、外的Na+浓度", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "位于糖酵解、糖异生、磷酸戊糖途径,糖原合成及分解各代谢途径交汇点上的化合物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "6-磷酸葡萄糖", "B": "6-磷酸果糖", "C": "1,6-二磷酸果糖", "D": "3-磷酸甘油醛"}, "answer": "6-磷酸葡萄糖", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "关于医患关系,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "随着技术的进步,医患关系在很大程度上被物化了", "B": "医患关系的物化必然割裂了医生和患者的情感", "C": "医患关系的法制化趋势对医生的职业道德提出了越来越高的要求", "D": "医患之间的不协调的出现和增加在一定程度上说明了医患关系的民主化趋势"}, "answer": "医患关系的物化必然割裂了医生和患者的情感", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,35岁。腰痛伴右侧下肢放射性疼痛1个月,无明显发热、盗汗。查体:右下肢直腿抬高试验阳性。小腿前外侧和足内侧感觉感觉减退,拇背伸肌力减退。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腰椎间盘突出症", "B": "腰肌劳损", "C": "腰椎结核", "D": "强直性脊柱炎"}, "answer": "腰椎间盘突出症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "从东南亚入境一男子,3天前因突然剧烈呕吐、腹泻入院,腹泻呈米泔水样,便检查发现穿梭状运动的细菌,请问致病菌可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "副溶血弧菌", "B": "鼠伤寒沙门菌", "C": "产气荚膜梭菌", "D": "霍乱弧菌"}, "answer": "霍乱弧菌", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者,男,40岁,2年来出现劳累性胸痛伴头晕、心悸,含硝酸甘油无效,休息可缓解。查体:血压160/95rnmHg,心界不大,心率80次/min,律整,心脏轻度增大,胸骨左缘3~4肋间有收缩期喷射性杂音,双肺呼吸音清,腹平软。超声心动图检查示:左室腔正常,室间隔厚1.5cm,左室后壁厚1.0cm,二尖瓣前叶在收缩中期有前向移动(SAM征)与室间隔接触,流出道20mm。2.不可应用的药物(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿替洛尔", "B": "心痛定(硝苯地平)", "C": "消心痛(硝酸异山梨酯)", "D": "卡托普利"}, "answer": "消心痛(硝酸异山梨酯)", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是肝糖原合成中葡萄糖的载体?(  )", "options": {"A": "ADP", "B": "CDP", "C": "UDP", "D": "TDP"}, "answer": "UDP", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.L4~5后外侧椎间盘突出累及(  )。", "options": {"A": "L4神经根", "B": "L5神经根", "C": "S1神经根", "D": "股神经"}, "answer": "L5神经根", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者,男,25岁,一周以来鼻及牙龈出血,皮肤瘀斑。化验:血红蛋白55g,白细胞10.0×109/L,血小板16×109/L。骨髓增生活跃,幼稚细胞占80%,胞质有大小不等颗粒及成堆棒状小体,过氧化酶染色强阳性。1.诊断应考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性粒细胞白血病", "B": "慢性粒细胞性白血病急变", "C": "急性早幼粒细胞性白血病", "D": "急性单核细胞性白血病"}, "answer": "急性早幼粒细胞性白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "单卵双生中一人在40岁以前出现糖尿病,另一人也发生糖尿病,其中多数情况为(  )。", "options": {"A": "1型糖尿病", "B": "2型糖尿病", "C": "糖耐量异常", "D": "妊娠期糖尿病"}, "answer": "1型糖尿病", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于动脉粥样硬化早期病变叙述中下列哪一项。正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "中膜平滑肌细胞迁入内膜形成泡沫细胞", "B": "钙化", "C": "纤维帽形成", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "中膜平滑肌细胞迁入内膜形成泡沫细胞", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肛瘘治疗中,最重要的是确定(  )。", "options": {"A": "肛周皮肤是否有外口", "B": "肛瘘与肛门括约肌解剖关系", "C": "肛瘘有几个内口", "D": "肛瘘有几个外口"}, "answer": "肛瘘与肛门括约肌解剖关系", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,48岁。反复咳嗽、胸闷、气喘30年。平素口服氨茶碱及“止咳祛痰”中药治疗,症状控制不理想。近1周来症状再次出现。查体:P 86次/分,R 24次/分,双肺可闻及散在哮鸣音。诊断为“支气管哮喘”。动脉血气分析示:pH 7.46,PaCO2 32mmHg,PaO2 64mmHg,HCO3-19.3mmol/L。1.该患者目前血气分析检验结果提示低氧血症合并(  )。", "options": {"A": "代谢性酸中毒", "B": "代谢性碱中毒", "C": "呼吸性酸中毒", "D": "呼吸性碱中毒合并代谢性酸中毒"}, "answer": "呼吸性碱中毒合并代谢性酸中毒", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项是再生障碍性贫血的主要原因?(  )", "options": {"A": "骨髓造血功能衰竭", "B": "红细胞寿命缩短", "C": "造血原料缺乏", "D": "红细胞内在缺陷"}, "answer": "骨髓造血功能衰竭", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肩关节脱位最多见的类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "前脱位", "B": "盂上脱位", "C": "后脱位", "D": "中心型脱位"}, "answer": "前脱位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下述化合物哪一个不是胆色素?(  )", "options": {"A": "血红素", "B": "胆红素", "C": "胆绿素", "D": "胆素族"}, "answer": "血红素", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列有关病毒体的概念,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "完整成熟的病毒颗粒", "B": "具有感染性", "C": "包括核衣壳结构", "D": "在宿主细胞内复制的病毒组装成分"}, "answer": "在宿主细胞内复制的病毒组装成分", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性尿路感染最常见的感染途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "淋巴道感染", "B": "上行感染", "C": "血行感染", "D": "直接感染"}, "answer": "上行感染", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "出生后即有且终生存在的神经反射是(  )。", "options": {"A": "拥抱反射", "B": "膝腱反射", "C": "腹壁反射", "D": "握持反射"}, "answer": "膝腱反射", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,26岁,妊娠8周。阵发性下腹痛2天,阴道少量流血5小时,为决定是否继续妊娠,最有价值的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "检测血清甲胎蛋白值", "B": "尿妊娠试验", "C": "B超检查", "D": "检测血清雌二醇值"}, "answer": "B超检查", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列不符合婴儿消化系统特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "婴儿胃呈水平位", "B": "婴儿胃幽门括约肌发育良好", "C": "婴儿肠道相对较短,不利于吸收", "D": "婴儿的胃酸、胃蛋白酶活性较低"}, "answer": "婴儿肠道相对较短,不利于吸收", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不能经垂直感染的病毒是(  )。", "options": {"A": "巨细胞病毒", "B": "乙型肝炎病毒", "C": "脊髓灰质炎病毒", "D": "单纯疱疹病毒"}, "answer": "脊髓灰质炎病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "儿童期感染水痘病毒引起水痘,至成人可发生带状疱疹的感染称(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性感染", "B": "急性感染", "C": "潜伏感染", "D": "隐性感染"}, "answer": "潜伏感染", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,50岁。间断腹泻10年,大便3~5次/日,黄稀便,无脓血。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠易激综合征", "B": "克罗恩病", "C": "溃疡性结肠炎", "D": "肠结核"}, "answer": "肠易激综合征", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "流行性乙型脑炎不具有的改变是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血管周围淋巴细胞浸润和血管套形成", "B": "蛛网膜下腔以中性粒细胞为主的炎性渗出", "C": "胶质结节形成", "D": "神经细胞变性、坏死,出现视神经细胞和卫星现象"}, "answer": "蛛网膜下腔以中性粒细胞为主的炎性渗出", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,60岁,橡胶厂的工人,无痛性血尿半年余,伴有尿频、尿急、尿痛等膀胱刺激症状。膀胱镜检查,膀胱三角区可见一乳头状肿物,无蒂,基底较宽,质地脆。活检报告为移行细胞癌Ⅱ级。对于该患者,下列哪一种物质与膀胱癌的发生密切相关(  )。", "options": {"A": "3,4-苯并芘", "B": "苯", "C": "联苯胺", "D": "氯乙烯"}, "answer": "联苯胺", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.若断指能在伤后立即清洁处理,放入干净塑料袋中并冷藏于0~4℃,则断指再植的冷缺血时间可达多长后仍可再植成功(  )。", "options": {"A": "6~8小时", "B": "24小时", "C": "48小时", "D": "96小时"}, "answer": "96小时", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "运动神经末梢释放乙酰胆碱属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "易化扩散", "B": "主动转运", "C": "出胞", "D": "渗透"}, "answer": "出胞", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,55岁。进行性吞咽困难三个月,体重下降5kg,目前能进半流食。2.该患者食管吞钡检查不会出现的描述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "食管呈鸟嘴样改变", "B": "食管管壁僵硬", "C": "龛影", "D": "食管粘膜断裂"}, "answer": "食管呈鸟嘴样改变", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,35岁,因慢性再生障碍性贫血2年,头晕、乏力、心悸2天入院,入院时检查:贫血外貌,Hb 50g/L,患者既往有多次输血史,1个月前在输血过程中曾出现发热反应,体温达39.5℃,经对症处理缓解。此次给予输血治疗,首选的血液制品是(  )。", "options": {"A": "洗涤红细胞", "B": "浓缩红细胞", "C": "红细胞悬液", "D": "少白细胞的红细胞"}, "answer": "洗涤红细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对于异丙嗪,哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "有明显的中枢抑制作用", "B": "是H1受体阻断药", "C": "能抑制胃酸分泌", "D": "有止吐作用"}, "answer": "能抑制胃酸分泌", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,30岁,车祸2小时后来院。一般情况尚好,右小腿中上段皮裂伤14cm,软组织挫伤较重,胫骨折端有外露,出血不多。在进行X线片检查前1.应该进行的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "行简单的外固定及局部包扎", "B": "石膏固定", "C": "急送手术室", "D": "行气压止血带止血"}, "answer": "行简单的外固定及局部包扎", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,52岁。颈肩痛3个月,并向左上肢放射。左上肢肌力下降,手指动作不灵活。颈椎棘突间有压痛,左手拇指感觉减弱。上肢牵拉试验阳性,压头试验阳性。最可能的颈椎病类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓型", "B": "神经根型", "C": "混合型", "D": "椎动脉型"}, "answer": "神经根型", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "滤过分数指下述哪项比值?(  )", "options": {"A": "肾小球滤过率/肾血浆流量", "B": "肾小球滤过率/肾血流量", "C": "肾血流量/肾血浆流量", "D": "肾血流量/心排血量"}, "answer": "肾小球滤过率/肾血浆流量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,30岁,主诉乏力3个月,伴左上腹饱胀感。查体:浅表淋巴结未及,肝未及,脾肋下5cm。血红蛋白90g/L,白细胞170×109/L,血小板300×109/L,原粒细胞1%,晚幼粒细胞4%,杆状粒细胞34%,分叶粒细胞10%,嗜碱粒细胞2%,NAP(-)。4.最有希望达到根治的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "同种异基因骨髓移植", "B": "干扰素", "C": "脾移植", "D": "维A酸"}, "answer": "同种异基因骨髓移植", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.供体菌通过性菌毛将遗传物质转移给受体菌称为(  )。", "options": {"A": "转化", "B": "转导", "C": "接合", "D": "原生质体融合"}, "answer": "接合", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,女,43岁。诊断风湿性心脏瓣膜病20余年。查体:心前区未触及震颤,胸骨左缘第3肋间可闻及舒张期叹气样杂音,心尖部可闻及舒张早中期杂音,S1减弱。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动脉瓣关闭不全伴二尖瓣器质性狭窄", "B": "主动脉瓣关闭不全伴二尖瓣相对性狭窄", "C": "主动脉瓣相对性狭窄伴二尖瓣相对性狭窄", "D": "主动脉瓣相对性狭窄伴二尖瓣器质性狭窄"}, "answer": "主动脉瓣关闭不全伴二尖瓣相对性狭窄", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "腹部损伤中最常受损的器官是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝", "B": "肾", "C": "胃", "D": "脾"}, "answer": "脾", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下述做法中没有违背医学伦理学无伤害(不伤害)原则的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "因急于手术抢救患者,未由家属或患者签协议书", "B": "造成本可避免的残疾", "C": "发生故意伤害", "D": "造成本可避免的人格伤害"}, "answer": "因急于手术抢救患者,未由家属或患者签协议书", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,31岁。间断腹痛、腹泻10个月。大便3~4次/天,无发热。粪镜检:红细胞及白细胞满视野。应用甲硝唑、左氧氟沙星治疗2周症状无缓解。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠易激综合征", "B": "慢性细菌性痢疾", "C": "结肠癌", "D": "溃疡性结肠炎"}, "answer": "溃疡性结肠炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性和慢性白血病的最主要区别是哪项?(  )。", "options": {"A": "病程长短", "B": "贫血程度", "C": "WBC数目", "D": "白血病细胞分化程度"}, "answer": "白血病细胞分化程度", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "足月儿生后2天出现黄疸,母血AB型,第3天血清胆红素18.81μmol/L(11mg/dl)。本例诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "Rh溶血病", "B": "ABO溶血病", "C": "生理性黄疸", "D": "胆道闭锁"}, "answer": "生理性黄疸", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "血管内溶血的主要实验室检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "粪胆原排泄增高", "B": "红细胞及血红蛋白下降", "C": "血红蛋白尿及含铁血黄素尿阳性", "D": "网织红细胞数增高"}, "answer": "血红蛋白尿及含铁血黄素尿阳性", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于骨折的愈合,下述哪一项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "骨牵引过度可造成延迟愈合或不愈合", "B": "手术比手法复位,更能增加愈合机会", "C": "内固定和外固定不充分不利愈合", "D": "适当功能练习有利于愈合"}, "answer": "手术比手法复位,更能增加愈合机会", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列试验中,哪项试验可区别沙门菌与志贺菌?(  )", "options": {"A": "动力试验", "B": "尿素分解试验", "C": "甘露醇发酵试验", "D": "枸橼酸盐利用试验"}, "answer": "动力试验", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心理护理的主要目标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "明确患者的人生目标", "B": "消除不良的情绪反应", "C": "树立良好的道德观念", "D": "提高患者的智力水平"}, "answer": "消除不良的情绪反应", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,65岁,4小时前情绪激动后突发极度气急,咳白色泡沫痰,伴大汗,不能平卧,既往高血压病史15年,无慢性支气管炎病史,查体:BP 200/120mmHg,神志清,表情焦虑,口唇发绀,双肺可闻及喘鸣音及湿啰音,心率100次/分,律齐,心脏及各瓣膜听诊区未闻及杂音,该患者的抢救措施不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮下注射吗啡", "B": "口服美托洛尔", "C": "取坐位、吸氧", "D": "静脉注射硝普钠"}, "answer": "口服美托洛尔", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,55岁。高血压20年,不规则服药。某日晨突发头痛,意识不清,30分钟后送到医院。体检:昏迷,血压210/110mmHg,双眼向右侧凝视,左足外旋位。2.最可能的病变部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "右侧半球表面", "B": "右侧半球深部", "C": "左侧半球表面", "D": "左侧半球深部"}, "answer": "右侧半球深部", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.脾梗死属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "凝固性坏死", "B": "干酪性坏死", "C": "坏疽", "D": "液化性坏死"}, "answer": "凝固性坏死", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男婴,6个月。出生时诊断为“法洛四联症”,近2天哭闹时突然四肢抽搐,青紫加重,神志不清,呼吸急促,持续时间2~3分钟。首先应考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "休克", "B": "脑脓肿", "C": "缺氧发作", "D": "心力衰竭"}, "answer": "缺氧发作", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.新斯的明可治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "阵发性室上性心动过速", "B": "有机磷酸酯类中毒", "C": "琥珀胆碱过量中毒", "D": "房室传导阻滞"}, "answer": "阵发性室上性心动过速", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "受理执业医师注册申请的卫生行政部门,对于应当准予注册的,应当在收到申请之日起(  )准予注册。", "options": {"A": "10日内", "B": "15日内", "C": "30日内", "D": "60日内"}, "answer": "30日内", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "维生素D缺乏性佝偻病时由骨样组织增生所致的骨骼改变为(  )。", "options": {"A": "方颅", "B": "肋膈沟(赫氏沟)", "C": "鸡胸或漏斗胸", "D": "脊椎后突或侧弯"}, "answer": "方颅", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "35岁已婚女性,平素月经4~5天/40~60天,经量中等,现停经65天,黄体酮试验无出血,最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "继发闭经", "B": "子宫内膜结核", "C": "早期妊娠", "D": "卵巢早衰"}, "answer": "早期妊娠", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "最多见的甲状腺癌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳头状腺癌", "B": "滤泡状腺癌", "C": "髓样癌", "D": "转移癌"}, "answer": "乳头状腺癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.癌严格局限于子宫颈(  )。", "options": {"A": "子宫颈癌0期", "B": "子宫颈癌Ⅰ期", "C": "子宫颈癌Ⅱ期", "D": "子宫颈癌Ⅲ期"}, "answer": "子宫颈癌Ⅰ期", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "5.含量最少的Ig是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgA", "B": "IgM", "C": "IgD", "D": "IgE"}, "answer": "IgE", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3岁患儿,曾多次患肺炎,平时无发绀。查体:心前区隆起,心尖搏动弥散,胸骨左缘第2肋间闻Ⅲ级粗糙的连续性机器样杂音,向颈部传导,有震颤,有水冲脉。6.由于病情发展此患儿仅闻及收缩期杂音,提示合并(  )。", "options": {"A": "主动脉瓣关闭不全", "B": "房间隔缺损", "C": "肺动脉高压", "D": "相对性二尖瓣狭窄"}, "answer": "肺动脉高压", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.促进胃液分泌的因素(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆盐与胆囊收缩素", "B": "乙酰胆碱与组胺", "C": "盐酸与脂肪", "D": "促胰液素与胆囊收缩素"}, "answer": "乙酰胆碱与组胺", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "引起我国雨水、洪水型钩端螺旋体病的主要钩体群是(  )。", "options": {"A": "波摩那群", "B": "秋季群", "C": "黄疸出血群", "D": "犬群"}, "answer": "波摩那群", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪项是青霉素类引起的过敏性休克首选?(  )", "options": {"A": "异丙肾上腺素", "B": "去甲肾上腺素", "C": "肾上腺素", "D": "麻黄碱"}, "answer": "肾上腺素", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "卡托普利的作用原理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "降低肾素活性", "B": "抑制血管紧张素转化酶", "C": "减少血管紧张素Ⅰ受体的生成", "D": "阻滞血管紧张素受体"}, "answer": "抑制血管紧张素转化酶", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "哪项不是判断结核病活动期指标?(  )", "options": {"A": "血沉", "B": "X线表现", "C": "结核接触史", "D": "结核中毒症状"}, "answer": "结核接触史", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不符合新生儿生理性黄疸的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "红细胞的寿命短", "B": "红细胞数量多", "C": "红细胞内酶发育不成熟", "D": "肝功能不成熟"}, "answer": "红细胞内酶发育不成熟", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,26岁。人工流产术后3个月,出现阴道流血,B超检查可见子宫肌壁有不均匀密集光点或暗区蜂窝状。患者属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "吸宫不全", "B": "侵袭性葡萄胎", "C": "绒癌", "D": "异位妊娠"}, "answer": "侵袭性葡萄胎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,60岁。咳嗽伴痰中带血3个月,胸部X线片示左肺门阴影,大小3cm×2cm,行痰细胞学检查3次,均为阴性。对明确诊断有价值的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "支气管镜检查", "B": "经胸壁穿刺活检", "C": "胸部CT", "D": "再次痰液检查癌细胞"}, "answer": "支气管镜检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.DIC纤溶亢进期治疗时禁用(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝素", "B": "输新鲜血浆", "C": "氨基己酸’", "D": "输浓缩血小板"}, "answer": "肝素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.皮肤瘀斑,涂片检菌阳性(  )。", "options": {"A": "1岁之内患儿患化脓性脑膜炎易合并", "B": "结核性脑膜炎", "C": "脑膜炎双球菌脑炎", "D": "新生儿化脓性脑膜炎"}, "answer": "脑膜炎双球菌脑炎", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "胆囊切除手术中,不是胆总管探查指征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "曾有梗阻性黄疸史", "B": "胆囊水肿", "C": "术中胆管造影示胆管结石", "D": "胆总管触到结石"}, "answer": "胆囊水肿", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,55岁。慢性乙型肝炎病史15年,乏力、间断下肢水肿5年。腹泻4天,发热、腹胀、尿少3天。查体:全腹压痛,移动性浊音阳性。2.对明确诊断最有帮助的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹部CT", "B": "腹部B超", "C": "腹腔穿刺抽液检查", "D": "结核菌素试验"}, "answer": "腹腔穿刺抽液检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "判断慢性肺源性心脏病心力衰竭,在下列各项中最有意义的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿少", "B": "缺氧和高碳酸血症", "C": "颈静脉充盈与右肋下肝肿大", "D": "静脉压增高"}, "answer": "静脉压增高", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于静息电位的叙述,下列哪项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "膜内电位较膜外为负", "B": "由K+外流所致,相当于K+的平衡电位", "C": "各种细胞的静息电位数值是不相同的", "D": "是指细胞安静时,膜外的电位"}, "answer": "是指细胞安静时,膜外的电位", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "决定输血治疗前,经治医师应向患者或家属说明输血可能引起的不良反应和可能传播的疾病,并且要征得谁的同意(  )。", "options": {"A": "主治医师", "B": "护士长", "C": "输血科", "D": "患者或家属"}, "answer": "患者或家属", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.激动时使血管平滑肌收缩的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "α受体", "B": "β1受体", "C": "M受体", "D": "N2受体"}, "answer": "α受体", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.具有突发性剑突下钻顶样剧烈疼痛症状的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "胆囊癌", "B": "胆管结石", "C": "胆管癌", "D": "胆道蛔虫"}, "answer": "胆道蛔虫", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,40岁。20年前曾患葡萄胎。因呕血和便血死于出血性休克。解剖发现胃和肠壁有多发性出血结节,肺、肝及脑内也见多发的出血坏死的肿块。患者体内多发性出血坏死病灶可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "多发性胃癌转移", "B": "绒毛膜癌多部位转移", "C": "多发性血管肉瘤", "D": "血液病的多部位出血"}, "answer": "绒毛膜癌多部位转移", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "中毒型细菌性痢疾好发于(  )。", "options": {"A": "3~6个月体格健壮的婴幼儿", "B": "2~7岁体格健壮的小儿", "C": "8~10岁营养状况较差的儿童", "D": "低出生体重儿"}, "answer": "2~7岁体格健壮的小儿", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,20岁,神志不清2小时入院,既往患1型糖尿病5年,长期皮下注射胰岛素,近3天因腹泻而停用。查体:血压70/50mmHg,皮肤中度失水征,呼吸深大,有烂苹果味,心率130次/分。3.需立即采取的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉滴注5%碳酸氢钠溶液", "B": "补液并恢复皮下注射胰岛素", "C": "补液加有效的抗生素", "D": "补液同时静脉滴注胰岛素"}, "answer": "补液同时静脉滴注胰岛素", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "卵巢性索间质肿瘤最常见的低度恶性的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颗粒细胞瘤", "B": "间质细胞瘤", "C": "无性细胞瘤", "D": "颗粒-卵泡膜细胞瘤"}, "answer": "颗粒细胞瘤", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "生陈某看药品经营能挣钱,便与院领导拉关系,请假离岗搞药品销售,时间近3年。1.对陈某离岗2年以上的行为,医院应当报告准予注册的卫生行政部门的期限是(  )。", "options": {"A": "离岗满2年的15日内", "B": "离岗满2年的10日内", "C": "离岗满2年的30日内", "D": "离岗满2年后3个月内"}, "answer": "离岗满2年的30日内", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.能独自行走,会用小勺吃饭的年龄(  )。", "options": {"A": "4~5个月", "B": "7个月", "C": "9个月", "D": "15个月"}, "answer": "15个月", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.哪项是痈的致病菌?(  )", "options": {"A": "β-溶血性链球菌", "B": "大肠杆菌", "C": "铜绿假单胞菌", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,42岁。寒战、发热5天,右季肋部痛2天,疼痛于深呼吸及咳嗽时加重。查体:巩膜轻度黄染,肝肋下2cm,Murphy征阴性,肝区叩击痛阳性。胸部X线片:右侧膈肌抬高,肋脊角消失。肝脏B超:肝右叶可见6cm×5cm低回声区,边界欠清晰,中心有液性暗区。首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎", "B": "肝脓肿", "C": "结核性胸膜炎", "D": "肝癌"}, "answer": "肝脓肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "每克营养物质供能最高的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "矿物质", "B": "蛋白质", "C": "糖类", "D": "脂类"}, "answer": "脂类", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肛裂“三联征”为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肛裂、前哨痔、肛周脓肿", "B": "肛裂、肛乳头肥大、肛周脓肿", "C": "肛裂、前哨痔和肛乳头肥大", "D": "肛裂、前哨痔和大便失禁"}, "answer": "肛裂、前哨痔和肛乳头肥大", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.患者男性20岁,近一年来生活懒散,经常旷课,学习成绩下降,自称脑子变空了,回答问题简单敷衍,或对问话不答。否认有幻觉及妄想内容,对周围事物反应无所谓,经常失眠并不着急,否认有病拒不就医。该患者为(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症紧张型", "B": "抑郁症", "C": "精神分裂症偏执犁", "D": "精神分裂症单纯型"}, "answer": "精神分裂症单纯型", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "尿道球部损伤最常见的病因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿道镜检查", "B": "会阴部刺伤", "C": "会阴部骑跨伤", "D": "骨盆骨折"}, "answer": "会阴部骑跨伤", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1岁患儿,生后1个月时因患肺炎于外院诊断为先天性心脏病,共患肺炎3次。查体:生长发育差,心尖搏动弥散,胸骨左缘第三、四肋间可闻及Ⅲ~Ⅳ级粗糙的全收缩期杂音,传导广泛,有震颤,P2亢进。1.应该诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "肺动脉瓣狭窄"}, "answer": "室间隔缺损", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "急性肝衰竭时不可能出现(  )。", "options": {"A": "血小板减少", "B": "胆红素正常", "C": "转氨酶正常", "D": "电解质失衡"}, "answer": "胆红素正常", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "骨盆骨折最危险的并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "盆腔内出血", "B": "骶丛神经损伤", "C": "尿道断裂", "D": "直肠损伤"}, "answer": "盆腔内出血", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "心理测验的原则是(  )。", "options": {"A": "标准化", "B": "社会化", "C": "道德性", "D": "独特性"}, "answer": "标准化", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列哪一作用与阿司匹林引起的反应无关?(  )", "options": {"A": "上腹不适、恶心、呕吐", "B": "荨麻疹", "C": "头痛、眩晕、耳鸣、视听力减退", "D": "口干、出汗、心悸"}, "answer": "口干、出汗、心悸", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对于婚后想马上要孩子的夫妻来说,婚检对下列哪项来说是最佳时机?(  )", "options": {"A": "产后检查", "B": "孕前咨询", "C": "产前检查", "D": "乳房保健"}, "answer": "孕前咨询", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.瞳孔对光反射中枢位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓", "B": "延髓", "C": "中脑", "D": "下丘脑"}, "answer": "中脑", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "属于肾上腺素能受体的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "M、N和α", "B": "M、N和β", "C": "N、α、β", "D": "α、β1、β2"}, "answer": "α、β1、β2", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "浅Ⅱ°烧伤创面特征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "局部红肿", "B": "局部水疱", "C": "可见网状栓塞血管", "D": "焦黄无水泡"}, "answer": "局部水疱", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,27岁,外地打工,近2个月来整日卧床发呆,不愿工作,诉每日脑子里听到一男一女的激烈辩论,其内容都是与他有关的,感到工友们背后取笑他,给他“穿小鞋”,个别工友企图陷害他。体检及神经系统无异常。3.若在服药过程中出现轻度锥体外系反应,一般给予(  )。", "options": {"A": "地西泮", "B": "苯海索", "C": "安慰剂", "D": "换药"}, "answer": "苯海索", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列属于自然被动免疫的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "通过注射抗体获得的免疫", "B": "通过注射类毒素获得的免疫", "C": "通过初乳、胎盘获得的免疫", "D": "天然血型抗体的产生"}, "answer": "通过初乳、胎盘获得的免疫", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,32岁,月经增多伴发热2周。血红蛋白50g/L,白细胞3.2×109/L,血小板30×109/L。骨髓象:成熟红细胞与有核细胞比例为100:1。该病例诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性ITP伴缺铁性贫血", "B": "急性再障", "C": "急性白血病早期", "D": "粒细胞缺乏症早期"}, "answer": "急性再障", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,65岁。进行性吞咽困难3个月,体重下降7kg,目前能进半流食。2.该患者食管吞钡检查不会出现的描述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "龛影", "B": "食管充盈缺损", "C": "食管呈鸟嘴样改变", "D": "食管黏膜断裂"}, "answer": "食管呈鸟嘴样改变", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是能与类风湿因子特异性结合的物质?(  )", "options": {"A": "自身变性的IgG", "B": "自身变性的IgM", "C": "自身变性的IgE", "D": "自身变性的IgD"}, "answer": "自身变性的IgG", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.按蚊吸人血时被吸入蚊体的是疟原虫的(  )。", "options": {"A": "迟发型子孢子", "B": "裂殖体", "C": "裂殖子", "D": "配子体"}, "answer": "配子体", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于术后早期离床活动的目的,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "预防肺部并发症", "B": "预防下肢静脉血栓形成", "C": "减轻腹胀和尿潴留", "D": "减少感染"}, "answer": "减少感染", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "外科患者在创伤、手术后每日蛋白质需要量为(  )。", "options": {"A": "0.5~0.6g/kg", "B": "0.8~1.0g/kg", "C": "1.6~2.0g/kg", "D": "2.0~3.0g/kg"}, "answer": "2.0~3.0g/kg", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于细胞因子的作用方式哪项是错误的(  )。", "options": {"A": "可作用在远处的细胞", "B": "可作用在邻近细胞", "C": "可作用于产生细胞本身", "D": "可作用于不同种属细胞"}, "answer": "可作用于不同种属细胞", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,28岁。停经72天,阵发腹痛伴大量阴道流血1天就诊,妇科检查:子宫8周妊娠大小,宫口开。有血液不断流出,应采取的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即清宫", "B": "按摩子宫", "C": "输血", "D": "剖腹探查"}, "answer": "立即清宫", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.根据ISFC∕WHO对缺血性心脏病的分类,恶化型劳累性心绞痛是(  )。", "options": {"A": "劳累性心绞痛临床特点1个月以上无变化", "B": "同等程度劳累所诱发的胸痛发作次数增加、严重程度加重及持续时间延长", "C": "劳累性心绞痛病程在3个月以内", "D": "劳累性心绞痛临床特点3个月以上无变化"}, "answer": "同等程度劳累所诱发的胸痛发作次数增加、严重程度加重及持续时间延长", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于妄想的概念正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "一种病理性的歪曲信念、病态的推理和判断", "B": "不具有个人独特性", "C": "通常与文化背景和个人经历无关", "D": "妄想内容一般不涉及患者本人"}, "answer": "一种病理性的歪曲信念、病态的推理和判断", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,女,2岁半,走路时有蹲踞现象,剧烈哭闹时,突然出现呼吸困难,晕厥2次,查体见口唇青紫,心前区隆起,胸骨左缘第2~4肋间有2~3级收缩期喷射状杂音,向锁骨下传导;就诊时又晕厥一次,发作时杂音消失。2.该患儿表现为蹲踞,原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "增加体循环阻力,使左室压力增加减少右向左的分流", "B": "缓解漏斗部痉挛", "C": "可使劳累、气急缓解", "D": "使心脑供血增加"}, "answer": "增加体循环阻力,使左室压力增加减少右向左的分流", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患儿,5个月。因腹泻5天入院,稀水样便,尿少,哭时泪少,皮下脂肪0.3mm,足稍凉,血钠125mmol/L。本例脱水的程度及性质是(  )。", "options": {"A": "轻度脱水,等渗性", "B": "轻度脱水,低渗性", "C": "中度脱水,等渗性", "D": "中度脱水,低渗性"}, "answer": "中度脱水,低渗性", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,9个月,呕吐、腹泻伴体温升高(38度)1天,腹泻12次/天,水样便,1天前误饮不洁水。查体:皮肤弹性差,精神萎靡,眼眶及前囟凹陷,体重下降6%,中毒症状明显。实验室检查:外周血白细2.该患儿的补液方案为(  )。", "options": {"A": "120~150ml/kg,2:3:1液", "B": "120~150ml/kg,2:1液", "C": "150~180ml/kg,2:3:1液", "D": "150~180ml/kg,2:1液"}, "answer": "120~150ml/kg,2:3:1液", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对萎缩的描述正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "萎缩属不可复性改变", "B": "萎缩器官间质细胞减少", "C": "萎缩器官功能正常", "D": "萎缩细胞的细胞器减少"}, "answer": "萎缩细胞的细胞器减少", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项不是产气荚膜梭菌的致病物质?(  )", "options": {"A": "胶原酶", "B": "卵磷脂酶", "C": "肠毒素", "D": "内毒素"}, "answer": "内毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "先天性甲状腺功能减低症的治疗中,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "临床症状改善,T4、TSH正常,此时甲状腺素剂量可作为维持量", "B": "甲状腺素治疗维持到青春期即可停药", "C": "甲状腺素自小量开始逐渐增加剂量", "D": "出生后1~2个月开始治疗,可不遗留神经系统损害"}, "answer": "甲状腺素治疗维持到青春期即可停药", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "易发生DIC的白血病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "ALL—L2", "B": "AML—M5", "C": "AML—M3", "D": "CML—BC"}, "answer": "AML—M3", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "为便于追查输血不良反应的原因,血液发出后,受血者和供血者的血样保存于2℃~6℃冰箱的时间至少(  )。", "options": {"A": "3天", "B": "4天", "C": "5天", "D": "7天"}, "answer": "7天", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪种情况出现呈现圆脸、厚背、躯干发胖而四肢消瘦的向心性肥胖的特殊体形?(  )", "options": {"A": "胰岛素分泌不足", "B": "肾上腺糖皮质激素分泌过多", "C": "肾上腺素分泌过多", "D": "生长素分泌过多"}, "answer": "肾上腺糖皮质激素分泌过多", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.3′末端有多聚腺苷酸的RNA是(  )。", "options": {"A": "mRNA", "B": "tRNA", "C": "hnRNA", "D": "snRNA"}, "answer": "mRNA", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,32岁。大面积烧伤入院治疗14天后,突发寒战高热,脓痰,痰呈蓝绿色,一般情况恶化。考虑患者感染(  )。", "options": {"A": "大肠埃希菌", "B": "克雷伯杆菌", "C": "铜绿假单胞菌", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "铜绿假单胞菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "Ⅰ型糖尿病死亡的主要原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑血管病", "B": "肾小球硬化症", "C": "酮症酸中毒", "D": "感染性休克"}, "answer": "肾小球硬化症", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "右侧结肠癌最多见的大体形态是(  )。", "options": {"A": "髓质型", "B": "溃疡型", "C": "肿块型", "D": "弥漫型"}, "answer": "肿块型", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.胸部X线呈现双肺网状肺纹理(  )。", "options": {"A": "房间隔缺损", "B": "室间隔缺损", "C": "法洛四联症", "D": "肺动脉狭窄"}, "answer": "法洛四联症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一个蛋白质与它的配体(或其他蛋白质)结合后,蛋白质的构象发生变化,使它更适合于功能需要,这种变化称(  )。", "options": {"A": "化学修饰", "B": "激活效应", "C": "共价修饰", "D": "别构效应"}, "answer": "别构效应", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.主动脉粥样硬化(  )。", "options": {"A": "细动脉壁玻璃样变性", "B": "夹层动脉瘤形成", "C": "冠状动脉粥样硬化", "D": "小动脉化脓菌栓塞"}, "answer": "夹层动脉瘤形成", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "3.促进巨噬细胞吞噬是(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫调理", "B": "免疫抑制", "C": "免疫调节", "D": "打破免疫耐受"}, "answer": "免疫调理", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,30岁。外伤后急性失血约1000ml,给予手术止血,并输注平衡盐溶液和羟乙基淀粉,术后查体:P 95次/分,BP 100/60mmHg。Hb 80g/L。此时应采取的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "输注红细胞悬液5单位", "B": "输注全血1000ml", "C": "输注血浆400ml", "D": "暂不输血,继续观察"}, "answer": "暂不输血,继续观察", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,10岁。因发热7天,抗生素治疗无效入院。查体:球结膜充血,口唇皲裂,杨梅舌,颈部淋巴结肿大,全身可见多形性红斑。临床治愈出院2个月猝死于家中,其最可能的死因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心肌炎", "B": "脑栓塞", "C": "脑出血", "D": "冠状动脉瘤破裂"}, "answer": "冠状动脉瘤破裂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,38岁。颈前包块3个月,近期包块稍增大,无不适。查体:甲状腺左叶下极2cm×1cm包块,质韧、光滑,随吞咽上下移动。周围无明显肿大淋巴结。针吸涂片细胞学检查可疑恶性肿瘤,建议手术治疗。术中首先送快速病理,此时正确的切除范围是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯包块切除", "B": "连同包块周围少许的甲状腺组织切除", "C": "左叶次全切除", "D": "左叶全切加峡部切除"}, "answer": "左叶全切加峡部切除", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,28岁,导游,因发热2周便血1天,于8月20日来诊。发热逐渐增高,伴乏力、纳差,1天来便血10多次,系鲜红色便,乏力伴头晕。查:T39℃,BP 100/60mmHg,P 92次/分,贫血貌,腹胀气,脾侧可及,HB 70g/L,WBC4.6×109/L。本病人最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "溃疡性结肠炎", "B": "伤寒", "C": "斑疹伤寒", "D": "结肠癌"}, "answer": "伤寒", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,30岁。30分钟前被刀刺右前胸部,咳血痰,呼吸困难。体检:血压107/78mmHg,脉搏96次/分,右前胸有轻度皮下气肿,右锁骨中线4肋间可见3cm长创口,随呼吸有气体进出伤口的响声。3.该患者半小时后收入病房,患者呼吸困难,轻度发绀,右胸部皮下气肿明显加重,X线胸片右肺完全萎陷,纵隔向左侧偏移,右侧平膈肌水平可见液平面。正规处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "气管插管", "B": "准备行手术探查", "C": "伤口清创并行胸腔闭式引流", "D": "用注射器穿刺排气"}, "answer": "伤口清创并行胸腔闭式引流", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "根据《医疗机构管理条例》的规定,下列说法中错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "未取得《医疗机构执业许可证》,不得开展诊疗活动", "B": "医疗机构不得使用非卫生技术人员从事医疗卫生技术工作", "C": "医疗机构工作人员上岗工作,必须佩带载有本人姓名、职务或者职称的标牌", "D": "医疗机构的《医疗机构执业许可证》可以悬挂出来,也可以妥善收藏起来"}, "answer": "医疗机构的《医疗机构执业许可证》可以悬挂出来,也可以妥善收藏起来", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于原发性脑干损伤以下哪项不正确?(  )", "options": {"A": "昏迷时间超过12小时,甚至无体征", "B": "瞳孔多变或不等圆,对光反射迟钝", "C": "体温调节功能障碍,体温不升", "D": "生命体征不平稳,血压波动或下降"}, "answer": "体温调节功能障碍,体温不升", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "颅前窝骨折最易损伤的颅神经是(  )。", "options": {"A": "嗅神经", "B": "面神经", "C": "外展神经", "D": "滑车神经"}, "answer": "嗅神经", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "在活体的心脏或血管内,血液发生凝固或血液中某些有形成分互相聚集形成的固体质块是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血栓", "B": "栓塞", "C": "淤血", "D": "栓子"}, "answer": "血栓", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,50岁。体检时B超发现右肾有一2cm×2cm×3cm实质性占位,为进一步明确诊断,下列哪项检查最有帮助?(  )", "options": {"A": "CT", "B": "尿中找癌细胞", "C": "核素肾显像", "D": "B超"}, "answer": "CT", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,2岁,面色苍白半年,易疲乏,精神不集中,时而烦躁,纳差,异食癖,查体:皮肤及唇、口腔黏膜苍白,肝、脾肋下2指。实验室检查:Hb 86g/L,RBC 3.0×1012/L,MCV 65fl,MCHC 0.25。1.最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "叶酸缺乏性贫血", "B": "营养性缺铁性贫血", "C": "再生障碍性贫血", "D": "生理性贫血"}, "answer": "营养性缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,66岁。上腹胀痛10余年。胃镜检查:胃体黏膜变薄,血管透见,皱襞稀疏。病理检查:胃体腺体萎缩。该患者不应出现的生理变化是(  )。", "options": {"A": "铁吸收减少", "B": "维生素B12吸收减少", "C": "血清促胃液素降低", "D": "胃酸分泌减少"}, "answer": "血清促胃液素降低", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.新生儿金黄色葡萄球菌败血症治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "万古霉素", "B": "阿米卡星", "C": "甲硝唑", "D": "青霉素"}, "answer": "万古霉素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,女,36岁。发热盗汗,腹泻便秘交替2个月就诊。体检:腹部平软,右下腹轻度压痛,未扪及包块,粪检无特殊。1.为明确诊断应首选下列哪项检查?(  )", "options": {"A": "粪便涂片找抗酸菌", "B": "X线胃肠钡餐检查", "C": "纤维结肠镜检查", "D": "X线腹部平片"}, "answer": "X线胃肠钡餐检查", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿主要溶血部位为(  )。", "options": {"A": "血管内溶血", "B": "原位溶血", "C": "血管内、外溶血", "D": "脾功能亢进"}, "answer": "血管内溶血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "某人的红细胞与B型血的血清凝集,而其血清与B型血的红细胞不凝集,则此人属于哪型血?(  )", "options": {"A": "A型", "B": "B型", "C": "AB型", "D": "Rh型"}, "answer": "AB型", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "心理咨询的基本手段不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "宣泄", "B": "帮助选择和决定", "C": "强化自我控制", "D": "增强自信心"}, "answer": "帮助选择和决定", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "意识清晰状态下的幻觉常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "精神分裂症", "B": "躯体疾病所致精神障碍", "C": "中毒性精神症", "D": "脑肿瘤所致精神障碍"}, "answer": "精神分裂症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.属于医疗保健机构提供婚前卫生指导的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "性卫生知识教育", "B": "传染病诊察", "C": "遗传病诊察", "D": "对生育保健提供医学意见"}, "answer": "性卫生知识教育", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.生后4个月开始(  )。", "options": {"A": "笑出声", "B": "能懂“再见”", "C": "开始用单词", "D": "能说出自己的名字"}, "answer": "笑出声", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,35岁。体检发现血压150/120mmHg。血钾2.8mmol/L,腹部CT检查发现右肾上腺1.0cm的低密度占位病变,拟手术治疗。术前准备首选的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "呋塞米", "B": "氨苯蝶啶", "C": "螺内酯", "D": "氢氯噻嗪"}, "answer": "螺内酯", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述哪个器官不含内分泌组织?(  )", "options": {"A": "脑", "B": "胃肠", "C": "骨", "D": "心脏"}, "answer": "骨", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述有关肺气肿的叙述,哪一项是恰当的?(  )", "options": {"A": "肺活量减少是肺功能降低的主要表现", "B": "病变是不可逆的", "C": "a1-抗胰蛋白酶减少是肺气肿的常见原因", "D": "呼气容易吸气难"}, "answer": "病变是不可逆的", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "临产后第一产程活跃期的最大加速期是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "宫口扩张2~7cm", "B": "宫口扩张1~6cm", "C": "宫口扩张4~9cm", "D": "宫口扩张5~10cm"}, "answer": "宫口扩张4~9cm", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者,男,65岁。慢性喘息性支气管炎病史20余年,近5年来间断出现下肢水肿,7天前受凉后咳、痰、喘加重,难以入睡,时有躁动。以下治疗错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗感染", "B": "化痰", "C": "营养支持", "D": "安眠曲镇静"}, "answer": "安眠曲镇静", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "初孕妇,25岁。妊娠31周,从妊娠29周起反复3次阴道流血,量少,无腹痛。再次阴道流血同月经量。查体:P 88次/分,BP 110/70mmHg,子宫软,无宫缩,枕左前位,胎头高浮,胎心率144次/分。1.首先考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低置性前置胎盘", "B": "中央性前置胎盘", "C": "边缘性前置胎盘", "D": "前置血管破裂"}, "answer": "中央性前置胎盘", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,35岁。淋雨后寒战、发热3天,胸透示右下肺炎,血WBC 12.3×109/L。该患者感染的病原菌最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎链球菌", "B": "结核分枝杆菌", "C": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "D": "铜绿假单胞菌"}, "answer": "肺炎链球菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "绒毛膜癌与侵蚀性葡萄胎主要的鉴别依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿hCG阳性", "B": "病理检查无绒毛结构", "C": "胸部X线片有面团状阴影", "D": "阴道有紫蓝色转移结节"}, "answer": "病理检查无绒毛结构", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "属于心理测验的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "能力测验、人格测验", "B": "神经心理测验", "C": "职业咨询测验", "D": "以上都是"}, "answer": "以上都是", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于菌毛不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可分为普通菌毛和性菌毛", "B": "菌毛与细菌运动无关", "C": "性菌毛仅见于G+菌", "D": "雄性菌带有性菌毛"}, "answer": "性菌毛仅见于G+菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女婴,足月顺产,出生体重32009,生后48小时,血清总胆红素297.5μmol/L。在检查黄疸的原因时,首选的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "光照疗法", "B": "口服苯巴比妥", "C": "换血", "D": "输血浆"}, "answer": "光照疗法", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,3l岁。因诊断抑郁发作,给予三环类抗抑郁药连续治疗3个月,最常见的药物副作用是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝损害", "B": "锥体外系反应", "C": "口干、视物模糊、心律失常", "D": "高热、肠麻痹"}, "answer": "口干、视物模糊、心律失常", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "30岁妇女,15岁月经初潮,月经周期规律,5/32日。结婚4年夫妻同居,有正常性生活,至今未怀孕。末次月经6月24日。2.判断该妇女有无排卵。最简便的检查方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿孕二醇测定", "B": "放射免疫法测定血浆中LH", "C": "基础体温测定", "D": "子宫内膜活检"}, "answer": "基础体温测定", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列需与全面强直-阵挛发作鉴别的主要疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "舞蹈病", "B": "去大脑强直", "C": "去皮质强直", "D": "癔病"}, "answer": "癔病", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1岁患儿,重症营养不良,突然发生面色灰白、神志不清、脉搏减慢、呼吸暂停等,应首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "心力衰竭", "B": "低血钠症", "C": "低血糖症", "D": "继发感染"}, "answer": "低血糖症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于急性血源性骨髓炎的治疗下列选项错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即开始联合应用足量广谱抗生素", "B": "手术行软组织切开引流术", "C": "少量多次输血,增加病人的抵抗力", "D": "患肢可用皮牵引或石膏托固定"}, "answer": "手术行软组织切开引流术", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,26岁,施工时因塌方受伤,被同事从土堆中救出后送入医院。3.入院第2天,病人的意识状态恶化,呈深昏迷状态。双侧眼球分离;双侧瞳孔直径<2mm,对光反应迟钝;压眶时可见双上肢内旋伸直及双下肢强直反应;双足Babinski征阳性。矛盾呼吸仍然存在。肺部听诊可闻痰鸣音。决定行气管切开术和呼吸机辅助呼吸,其目的与下述哪项无关?(  )", "options": {"A": "保持呼吸道通畅,利于吸痰", "B": "可用于固定多发多根肋骨骨折,纠正矛盾呼吸", "C": "有利于酸碱平衡", "D": "增强呼吸道对感染的抵抗力"}, "answer": "增强呼吸道对感染的抵抗力", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.子宫肿瘤,镜下见形态一致的平滑肌细胞排列成栅栏状,核分裂少见(  )。", "options": {"A": "平滑肌瘤", "B": "脂肪肉瘤", "C": "骨肉瘤", "D": "平滑肌肉瘤"}, "answer": "平滑肌瘤", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "个体自我意识发展的开始时期是在(  )。", "options": {"A": "胎儿期", "B": "幼儿期", "C": "学龄期", "D": "青春意识"}, "answer": "幼儿期", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.下列哪项是普通感冒最常见的病毒(  )。", "options": {"A": "呼吸道合胞病毒", "B": "鼻病毒和冠状病毒", "C": "腮腺炎病毒", "D": "流感病毒"}, "answer": "鼻病毒和冠状病毒", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "新生儿败血症临床表现可包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "病理性黄疸与肝脾肿大", "B": "发热与白细胞数增多", "C": "皮肤感染灶或有硬肿", "D": "以上各项"}, "answer": "以上各项", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "一位新入院的病人正等候检查(或手术)。2.广义的心理治疗由以下哪些人员进行(  )。", "options": {"A": "心理医生", "B": "临床医生", "C": "医院全体工作人员", "D": "咨询人员"}, "answer": "医院全体工作人员", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "近年来开展的经颈静脉肝内门体分流术治疗肝硬化门脉高压症,其最大副作用是易诱发(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝肾综合征", "B": "肝肺综合征", "C": "肝性脑病", "D": "电解质和酸碱平衡紊乱"}, "answer": "肝性脑病", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "毒性反应最小的咪唑类抗真菌药是(  )。", "options": {"A": "克霉唑", "B": "氟康唑", "C": "酮康唑", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "氟康唑", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.未经患者或者患者家属同意,对患者进行实验性治疗的,由卫生行政部门给予的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "暂停职业活动3个月至6个月", "B": "暂停职业活动6个月至1年", "C": "给予行政处分", "D": "追究刑事责任"}, "answer": "暂停职业活动6个月至1年", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女,70岁。跌倒后感右髋部疼痛1小时来诊。X线片检查示右股骨颈头下型骨折,Pauwels角为60°。最适宜的治疗方法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "手术治疗", "B": "右下肢皮牵引", "C": "休息制动", "D": "手术复位"}, "answer": "手术治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,20岁,因间歇寒战、高热、头痛10天入院。血涂片查见间日疟原虫,确诊为间日疟。3.对氯喹敏感的疟疾,应用氯喹控制发作所需时间一般为(  )。", "options": {"A": "<24h", "B": "24~48h", "C": "3~4天", "D": "1周左右"}, "answer": "24~48h", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,30岁,洗澡中无意发现左侧前臂皮下2枚结节,无压痛,活动好,黄豆大小。为确定诊断需做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "囊虫皮试", "B": "活体组织学检查", "C": "脑CT", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "活体组织学检查", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "吗啡可用于治疗(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿司匹林哮喘", "B": "心源性哮喘", "C": "支气管哮喘", "D": "喘息型慢性支气管哮喘"}, "answer": "心源性哮喘", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "疑病症与精神分裂症的鉴别主要是(  )。", "options": {"A": "后者疑病内容常离奇、不固定,前者多较固定", "B": "后者有思维障碍及幻觉、妄想,前者无妄想", "C": "后者经抗精神病治疗有效,前者则困难", "D": "以上均是"}, "answer": "以上均是", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "常用的表示药物安全性的参数是(  )。", "options": {"A": "半数致死量", "B": "半数有效量", "C": "治疗指数", "D": "最小有效量"}, "answer": "治疗指数", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者女性,46岁,左乳头刺痒,伴乳晕发红、糜烂3个月,查体双侧腋窝无肿大淋巴结,乳头分泌物涂片细胞学检查见癌细胞。肿瘤的的类型是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳头湿疹样癌", "B": "鳞状细胞癌", "C": "黏液细胞癌", "D": "大汗腺样癌"}, "answer": "乳头湿疹样癌", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "5岁小儿每日每公斤所需总热量是(  )。", "options": {"A": "400kJ(100kcal)", "B": "460kJ(110kcal)", "C": "540kJ(130kcal)", "D": "580kJ(140kcal)"}, "answer": "400kJ(100kcal)", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.反映胎肝成熟的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "卵磷脂/鞘磷脂比值为2.3", "B": "含脂肪细胞出现率为23%", "C": "淀粉酶值为500U/L", "D": "胆红素类物质值为0.01"}, "answer": "胆红素类物质值为0.01", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有特异性抗原受体的细胞是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B淋巴细胞", "B": "浆细胞", "C": "巨噬细胞", "D": "NK细胞"}, "answer": "B淋巴细胞", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,42岁,近一个月来在刷牙时常出现右上牙部及右面部疼痛,每次持续5~6秒钟,神经系统检查无阳性体征。2.应首先做的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "头部X线片", "B": "头部CT", "C": "牙部X线片", "D": "脑电图"}, "answer": "牙部X线片", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "干扰素抗病毒作用的特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "作用于受染细胞,间接性抑制病毒蛋白质合成", "B": "破坏细胞表面病毒易感受体", "C": "阻止成熟病毒体向细胞外释放", "D": "诱导细胞产生中和病毒的抗体"}, "answer": "作用于受染细胞,间接性抑制病毒蛋白质合成", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男婴,6个月,因呕吐、腹泻3天,加剧1天,尿少来院急诊。体温38℃,眼窝前囟显凹,皮肤弹性较差,血Na+140mmol/L。动脉血气:pH 7.2,BE 12mmol/L。最适宜的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "静脉注射25%葡萄糖溶液", "B": "静脉注射呋塞米", "C": "2:3:1溶液静脉滴注", "D": "1.4%碳酸氢钠静脉滴注"}, "answer": "1.4%碳酸氢钠静脉滴注", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性心肌梗死后窦性心动过速伴有室性期前收缩,优先使用的抗心律失常药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "美西律(慢心律)", "B": "普萘洛尔(心得安)", "C": "奎尼丁", "D": "维拉帕米"}, "answer": "普萘洛尔(心得安)", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "主要来源于糖皮质激素的代谢产物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "17-酮类固醇", "B": "11-羟类固醇", "C": "17-羟类固醇", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "17-羟类固醇", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,40岁。从三楼跌下,左6、7、8肋骨骨折,脾破裂、肠破裂。入院时精神紧张,T 38.5℃,面色苍白,肢端冰冷,脉搏细速,P 110次/分,血压130/100mmHg,尿量减少。2.目前不宜紧急进行的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹腔穿刺", "B": "中心静脉压测定", "C": "静脉肾盂造影", "D": "测定二氧化碳结合力"}, "answer": "静脉肾盂造影", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "以下不属于消化性溃疡手术治疗指征的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "内科治疗无效", "B": "常于夜间发作腹痛", "C": "十二指肠溃疡合并幽门梗阻", "D": "饱餐后胃溃疡穿孔"}, "answer": "常于夜间发作腹痛", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,16岁,左小腿上段肿胀疼痛半年,近1个月来肿胀明显,夜间痛明显。查体:左胫骨上端肿胀严重,压痛明显,浅静脉怒张,扪及-6cm×7cm硬性肿块,固定、边界不清。X线片示左胫骨上段呈虫蚀状溶骨性破坏,骨膜反应明显,可见Codman三角。2.应常规进行(  )。", "options": {"A": "头颅CT", "B": "淋巴结活检", "C": "胸部X线摄片", "D": "骨髓穿刺"}, "answer": "胸部X线摄片", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一个操纵子通常包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "一个启动序列和一个编码基因", "B": "一个启动序列和数个编码基因", "C": "数个启动序列和一个编码基因", "D": "两个启动序列和数个编码基因"}, "answer": "一个启动序列和数个编码基因", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于晚期肺癌压迫侵犯邻近器官、组织,或远处转移时,下列征象不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "侵犯膈神经,引起同侧膈肌麻痹", "B": "侵犯喉返神经,引起声带麻痹,声音嘶哑", "C": "骨关节病综合征", "D": "侵犯胸膜,引起胸膜腔积液"}, "answer": "骨关节病综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "脑出血最常见的出血血管是(  )。", "options": {"A": "基底动脉的旁正中动脉", "B": "大脑中动脉的豆纹动脉", "C": "脉络膜前动脉", "D": "前交通动脉"}, "answer": "大脑中动脉的豆纹动脉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,32岁。因十二指肠溃疡行BillrothⅡ式胃大部切除术后6个月。术后出现反酸、烧心症状。应用抑酸剂治疗无效。上述症状逐渐加重,并呕吐胆汁样物,上腹部及胸骨后烧灼样疼痛,体重减轻。查体:贫血貌,消瘦,营养不良,巩膜无黄染。胃液中无游离酸。胃镜检查见黏膜充血、水肿、糜烂。最适当的治疗措施是(  )。", "options": {"A": "采用少食多餐方式", "B": "行Roux-en-Y胃空肠吻合术", "C": "长期应用消胆胺治疗", "D": "应用H2受体拮抗剂"}, "answer": "行Roux-en-Y胃空肠吻合术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某患外科手术时输血500ml,近日出现黄疸,并伴肝区痛,食欲不振,厌油食等症状。查抗HCV-IgM(+),最可能的印象诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乙型肝炎", "B": "甲型肝炎", "C": "丙型肝炎", "D": "丁型肝炎"}, "answer": "丙型肝炎", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,男,18个月,生后4个月出现发绀,哭吵甚时有抽搐史。查体:发育差,发绀明显,心前区可闻及Ⅲ级左右收缩期的喷射音。胸片示:肺血少,右心室增大,心腰凹陷,呈靴型心。此患儿的诊断应是(  )。", "options": {"A": "法洛四联症", "B": "肺动脉狭窄", "C": "动脉导管未闭", "D": "房间隔缺损"}, "answer": "法洛四联症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "8岁女孩,发热1周,体温38.5℃,伴频繁咳嗽,胸痛。查体:一般情况可,双肺未闻干湿啰音,肺部X线片示两下肺云雾状阴影。1.为明确诊断,首选的化验检查为(  )。", "options": {"A": "痰细胞培养", "B": "痰液病毒分离", "C": "冷凝集试验", "D": "血常规"}, "answer": "冷凝集试验", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,50岁。间断腹泻10年,大便3~5次/日,黄稀便,无脓血。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠易激综合征", "B": "克罗恩病", "C": "肠结核", "D": "阿米巴痢疾"}, "answer": "肠易激综合征", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "如向离体完整线粒体中加入某一化合物后,检测反应体系无ATP生成,而耗氧量明显增加,说明此化合物可能是?(  )", "options": {"A": "递电子体类似物", "B": "递氢体类似物", "C": "解偶联剂", "D": "抗坏血酸"}, "answer": "解偶联剂", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "10个月小儿,因高热4天伴反复惊厥入院。体检:体温39.2℃,神志清,嗜睡,颈部抵抗,心、肺、腹无异常。Kerning征阳性、Brudzinski征阳性、Barbinski征阴性;血常规:WBC 8×109/L,N 0.89,L0.11;脑脊液常规:WBC1200×106/L,N 0.78,L 0.22,涂片可见革兰阳性双球菌,PPD试验阴性(1:2000)。3.确诊后,应选用以下哪项治疗?(  )", "options": {"A": "氯霉素", "B": "头孢唑林钠+氨苄西林", "C": "大剂量青霉素+氨苄西林", "D": "红霉素+庆大霉素"}, "answer": "大剂量青霉素+氨苄西林", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "绒毛膜癌最常转移的器官是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝脏", "B": "脑", "C": "肺", "D": "肾上腺"}, "answer": "肺", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.代谢性酸中毒合并呼吸性酸中毒(  )。", "options": {"A": "pH:7.35;PaO2:95mmHg;PaCO2:40mmHg;HCO3-:27mmol;BE:+2mmol/L", "B": "pH:7.25;PaO2:80mmHg;PaCO2:70mmHg;HCO3-:23mmol;BE:+1mmol/L", "C": "pH:7.20;PaO2:96mmHg;PaCO2:55mmHg;HCO3-:18mmol;BE:-3mmol/L", "D": "pH:7.40;PaO2:98mmHg;PaCO2:45mmHg;HCO3-:23mmol;BE:+2.3mmol/L"}, "answer": "pH:7.20;PaO2:96mmHg;PaCO2:55mmHg;HCO3-:18mmol;BE:-3mmol/L", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "正常人空腹时血浆脂类不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "甘油三酯", "B": "胆固醇", "C": "游离脂肪酸", "D": "酮体"}, "answer": "酮体", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.对客观事物歪曲的知觉(  )。", "options": {"A": "幻觉", "B": "错觉", "C": "内感性不适", "D": "感知综合障碍"}, "answer": "错觉", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,10岁。右侧阴囊内肿块,大小约4cm×5cm×5cm,平卧后消失。1.为明确诊断,首先采取下列哪种检查方法?(  )", "options": {"A": "透光实验", "B": "Valsalva试验", "C": "穿刺", "D": "CT"}, "answer": "透光实验", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "25岁初孕妇,妊娠39周。骨盆外测量:骶耻外径18.5cm,髂嵴间径27cm,坐骨结节间径7.5cm。本例孕妇的骨盆应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "均小骨盆", "B": "单纯扁平骨盆", "C": "漏斗型骨盆", "D": "佝偻病性扁平骨盆"}, "answer": "漏斗型骨盆", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某学者为探讨某药物对某病的疗效,选取了120例该病患者,随机分为服用该药的治疗组和使用标准疗法的对照组,随访观察时,观察者与患者均不知道两组接受的措施,一个月后,观察疗效,结果治疗组60名患者中有40人有效,对照组60名中有20人有效,经统计学检查,两组差异具有统计学意义。2.有结果推出的结论为(  )。", "options": {"A": "该药材对该疾病有效", "B": "资料不足,尚不能下结论", "C": "标准疗法无效", "D": "该药对该疾病无效"}, "answer": "资料不足,尚不能下结论", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患者沈某患肠癌,对其进行手术治疗,手术中因医生误伤其动脉,患者需要输血,此时错误的说法是(  )。", "options": {"A": "使用医院储备血液,如无储备则需从血站取血", "B": "因情况紧急,医院也可临时采血,但要符合相关规定和要求", "C": "使用血站提供的无偿献血血液,患者无需缴纳任何费用", "D": "从血站取来的无偿献血血液,手术使用剩余部分医院不得出售给血液制品生产单位"}, "answer": "使用血站提供的无偿献血血液,患者无需缴纳任何费用", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,26岁,5天来鼻及牙龈出血,皮肤瘀斑。血红蛋白55g/L,白细胞10.0×109/L,血小板16×109/L。骨髓增生活跃,幼稚细胞占80%,胞浆有大小不等颗粒及成堆棒状小体,过氧化酶染色强阳性。1.诊断考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性早幼粒细胞白血病", "B": "急性淋巴细胞白血病", "C": "慢性粒细胞白血病急变", "D": "急性单核细胞白血病"}, "answer": "急性早幼粒细胞白血病", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "运动员百米赛跑途中突然闻及左膝撕裂声,然后倒地,查体左膝不能主动伸,X线片显示髌骨中段骨折,考虑造成骨折的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "直接暴力", "B": "间接暴力", "C": "病理性骨折", "D": "肌肉拉力"}, "answer": "肌肉拉力", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "中枢性尿崩症减少尿量的首选治疗是(  )。", "options": {"A": "每天肌肉注射油剂鞣酸加压素", "B": "口服去氨加压素替代", "C": "加压素水剂与双氢克尿噻合用", "D": "非激素类抗利尿药物"}, "answer": "口服去氨加压素替代", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "肝细胞脂肪变性的脂滴主要成分是(  )。", "options": {"A": "类脂", "B": "脂蛋白", "C": "胆固醇", "D": "中性脂肪"}, "answer": "中性脂肪", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "某男性患者,45岁,因胃溃疡行胃大部切除术。术后出现顽固性呃逆,首先考虑(  )。", "options": {"A": "手术造成膈神经损伤", "B": "术后肠粘连", "C": "腹膜后血肿刺激腹腔神经丛", "D": "膈下感染"}, "answer": "膈下感染", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,40岁。右下肢畏寒、疼痛间断发作4年。吸烟8余年。无高血压、糖尿病病史。查体:右下肢皮温降低,足背动脉搏动减弱。治疗措施中错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "抗凝药物治疗", "B": "链激酶溶栓治疗", "C": "腰交感神经节切除术", "D": "高压氧舱治疗"}, "answer": "链激酶溶栓治疗", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于抗毒素使用,不正确的描述(  )。", "options": {"A": "可能发生过敏反应,故用药前应做过敏试验", "B": "治疗时要早期足量使用", "C": "因抗毒素可以中和外毒素,从而高机体特异性抗病能力,故可作免疫增强剂,多次给儿童注射", "D": "只能用于紧急预防或治疗"}, "answer": "因抗毒素可以中和外毒素,从而高机体特异性抗病能力,故可作免疫增强剂,多次给儿童注射", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.在肺的非弹性阻力中,最主要的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "惯性阻力", "B": "气道阻力", "C": "肺弹性阻力", "D": "胸廓弹性阻力"}, "answer": "气道阻力", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "体内药量按恒定的百分比消除的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "消除速率常数", "B": "半衰期", "C": "消除率", "D": "一级消除动力学"}, "answer": "一级消除动力学", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.生后2~4个月时(  )。", "options": {"A": "卡介苗", "B": "乙型脑炎疫苗", "C": "脊髓灰质炎疫苗", "D": "百日咳-白喉-破伤风混合疫苗"}, "answer": "脊髓灰质炎疫苗", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不影响个体对应激的认知评价的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "当时个体的心身状态", "B": "应激源性质", "C": "对应激源的敏感度", "D": "生活经历"}, "answer": "对应激源的敏感度", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,20岁。跨栏比赛时会阴部受伤。伤后会阴部疼痛、青紫,尿道出血,不能自行排尿。应考虑的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "尿道球部损伤", "B": "耻骨骨折", "C": "后尿道损伤", "D": "膀胱破裂"}, "answer": "尿道球部损伤", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,31岁。头痛进行性加重1个月。入院前3天出现喷射状呕吐3次,抽搐1次。查体:神志清楚,双侧视神经乳头水肿,颈软。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅内压增高", "B": "蛛网膜下腔出血", "C": "陈旧性脑梗死", "D": "脑血管畸形"}, "answer": "颅内压增高", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男性,58岁,患肝炎已10余年,因无力、食欲缺乏、腹胀20D诊断为肝炎后肝硬化(失代偿期)入院。肝功能试验显著异常,其中清蛋白降低,球蛋白增高,清蛋白,球蛋白比例倒置。为治疗低蛋白血症,首选的血液制品是(  )。", "options": {"A": "全血", "B": "新鲜冰冻血浆", "C": "普通冰冻血浆", "D": "清蛋白"}, "answer": "清蛋白", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "右心衰竭的主要体征是(  )。", "options": {"A": "动脉压下降", "B": "颈静脉怒张", "C": "心音低钝", "D": "端坐呼吸"}, "answer": "颈静脉怒张", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对细菌和结核杆菌感染都有效的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "氨苄西林", "B": "青霉素", "C": "利福平", "D": "异烟肼"}, "answer": "利福平", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某患者因有机磷中毒住院治疗,在应用阿托品治疗时,下述哪一项指标不是阿托品治疗的有效指标(  )。", "options": {"A": "口干、皮肤干燥", "B": "心率加快", "C": "瞳孔较前缩小", "D": "肺部音减少或消失"}, "answer": "瞳孔较前缩小", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列市场经济的特点中,会对医学实践产生负效应的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "自主性", "B": "竞争性", "C": "求利性", "D": "平等性"}, "answer": "求利性", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某患者有周期性上腹部疼痛、返酸、暖气及出血等症状,手术切除胃标本,见一缺损,边缘齐,镜下可见4层结构,坏死层、炎症层、肉芽组织层及疤痕层,应诊为(  )。", "options": {"A": "胃炎", "B": "胃癌", "C": "胃溃疡", "D": "溃疡型癌"}, "answer": "胃溃疡", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下述反射活动中存在着正反馈的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "减压反射", "B": "排尿反射", "C": "腱反射", "D": "对侧伸肌反射"}, "answer": "排尿反射", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "胃一食管反流病治疗措施不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "应用促胃肠动力药", "B": "高脂肪饮食", "C": "减肥", "D": "避免饮用咖啡和浓茶"}, "answer": "高脂肪饮食", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "治疗成人股骨头缺血性坏死,特别强调(  )。", "options": {"A": "理疗", "B": "非甾体类抗炎剂", "C": "高压氧", "D": "避免过早负重"}, "answer": "避免过早负重", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列疾病不需应用抗菌药物的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "毛囊炎", "B": "丹毒", "C": "开放性骨折", "D": "结肠手术前"}, "answer": "毛囊炎", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "下列有关重症肌无力的叙述,哪项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "重症肌无力是一种神经肌肉接头处传递障碍的疾病", "B": "本病是乙酰胆碱受体抗体介导的自身免疫性疾病", "C": "病变主要累及神经肌肉接头突触前膜上乙酰胆碱受体", "D": "合并胸腺瘤者多见于中老年患者"}, "answer": "病变主要累及神经肌肉接头突触前膜上乙酰胆碱受体", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "2.下肢短缩,髋关节屈曲、内收、内旋畸形(  )。", "options": {"A": "肩关节脱位", "B": "肘关节脱位", "C": "髋关节前脱位", "D": "髋关节后上脱位"}, "answer": "髋关节后上脱位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,50岁。水肿2周,少尿伴血压升高1周。3周前曾有皮肤感染史。尿常规:尿蛋白(+),沉渣镜检RBC 20~30/HP,血肌酐140μmol/L,尿素11μmol,血C3降低,肾穿刺提示为急性肾小球肾炎。通常该患者C3恢复正常的时间约为(  )。", "options": {"A": "半年", "B": "8周", "C": "3个月", "D": "2周"}, "answer": "8周", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于实施人类辅助生殖技术的伦理原则,不恰当的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "限制商品化的原则", "B": "互盲和保密的原则", "C": "维护供受双方利益的原则", "D": "维护后代利益的原则"}, "answer": "限制商品化的原则", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "癌转移至淋巴结时,首先出现在(  )。", "options": {"A": "边缘窦", "B": "髓窦", "C": "淋巴滤泡内", "D": "副皮质区"}, "answer": "边缘窦", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "2.符合分裂症诊断标准,以思维贫乏,情感冷漠等阴性症状为主,从无明显的阳性症状。起病隐袭,病程至少2年的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "偏执型分裂症", "B": "单纯型分裂症", "C": "紧张型分裂症", "D": "急性短暂性精神障碍"}, "answer": "单纯型分裂症", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性患者,18岁,发热8天伴腹泻,便血1次,入院经治疗1周后热退,食欲好转,中午进食较多,下午腹胀明显,右下腹剧痛,伴恶心、呕吐,压痛及反跳痛明显,经外科手术治疗后痊愈出院。考虑术中可能的病变为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肠伤寒、回肠末端穿孔", "B": "化脓性阑尾炎并局限性腹膜炎", "C": "化脓性阑尾炎穿孔", "D": "节段性出血坏死性肠炎并发腹膜炎"}, "answer": "肠伤寒、回肠末端穿孔", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "有机磷中毒所致急性肺水肿,抢救首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "呋塞米", "B": "阿托品", "C": "解磷定", "D": "吗啡"}, "answer": "阿托品", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,45岁。乏力、纳差、眼黄、尿黄6天入院,病前2个月外出旅游20多天,多在餐馆用餐及进食生冷食物。实验室检查:ALT 860U/L,AST 620U/L,TBil 260μmol/L,DBil 160μmol/L,PTA 85%。2.如查体发现患者有肝掌,脾大。化验抗HAV-IgM、抗HEV均(-),HBsAg、HBeAg及抗HBc(+),HBV-DNA 5.1×106copies/mL。应诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "HBsAg携带者", "B": "肝衰竭乙型", "C": "急性乙型肝炎", "D": "慢性乙型肝炎"}, "answer": "急性乙型肝炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "50岁妇女,白带带血1月,复查,宫颈中度糜烂,易出血,子宫大小质地正常,附件正常,阴道镜下多点活检报告为:CIN III,其处理下述哪项恰当?(  )", "options": {"A": "子宫全切术", "B": "子宫根治术", "C": "定期随访", "D": "激光治疗"}, "answer": "子宫全切术", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,32岁。双腕和膝关节疼痛,伴高热2个月。曾有癫痫样发作1次。心脏超声检查示中等量心包积液;X线胸片示右侧少量胸腔积液。血常规检查Hb、WBC和血小板下降。尿蛋白(++),多种抗生素治疗无效,最可能诊断(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球肾炎急性发作", "B": "系统性红斑狼疮", "C": "结核性胸膜炎和心包炎", "D": "再生障碍性贫血"}, "answer": "系统性红斑狼疮", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "2.慢性失血所致的贫血(  )。", "options": {"A": "正细胞正色素贫血", "B": "小细胞低色素贫血", "C": "小细胞正色素贫血", "D": "大细胞低色素贫血"}, "answer": "小细胞低色素贫血", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "长期应用可以成瘾的药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阿司匹林", "B": "对乙酰氨基酚", "C": "布洛芬", "D": "哌替啶"}, "answer": "哌替啶", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肾小管对HCO3-重吸收的叙述错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主要在近端小管重吸收", "B": "以CO2的形式重吸收", "C": "需碳酸酐酶的参与", "D": "滞后于Cl-的重吸收"}, "answer": "滞后于Cl-的重吸收", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.反复使用某种精神活性物质,对该物质的耐受性增高,减少或停用后出现戒断症状(  )。", "options": {"A": "Wernick脑病", "B": "依赖综合征", "C": "戒断综合征", "D": "Korsakoff综合征"}, "answer": "依赖综合征", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,32岁。车祸伤后2小时,排尿困难、尿道出血。查体:BP 70/40mmHg,骨盆挤压分离试验阳性,会阴部瘀斑、疼痛明显,B超显示腹膜后血肿。首先应进行的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "下肢牵引", "B": "抗休克治疗", "C": "打开后腹膜止血", "D": "即刻行骨折切开复位内固定"}, "answer": "抗休克治疗", "meta_info": "第4篇 泌尿系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "最易引起晚期习惯性流产的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "染色体异常", "B": "胚胎发育异常", "C": "胎盘功能不全", "D": "宫颈内口松弛"}, "answer": "宫颈内口松弛", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.癌组织中实质少,间质多是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳腺浸润性导管癌", "B": "乳腺导管内癌", "C": "乳腺单纯癌", "D": "乳腺硬癌"}, "answer": "乳腺硬癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2.治疗肿瘤是(  )。", "options": {"A": "免疫抑制", "B": "免疫调节", "C": "建立免疫耐受", "D": "打破免疫耐受"}, "answer": "打破免疫耐受", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "感染的含义是(  )。", "options": {"A": "又称传染,是病原体对人体的一种寄生过程", "B": "病原体侵入人体的过程", "C": "人对病原体缺乏抵抗力而发病", "D": "病原体与人体相互作用的过程"}, "answer": "又称传染,是病原体对人体的一种寄生过程", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "风疹的临床表现是(  )。", "options": {"A": "潜伏期5~7天", "B": "高热", "C": "颈后、枕后、耳后淋巴结肿痛", "D": "出疹后脱皮"}, "answer": "颈后、枕后、耳后淋巴结肿痛", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "脑出血的预后与哪一种因素有关?(  )", "options": {"A": "并发症严重程度", "B": "出血部位", "C": "出血量和部位", "D": "出血量、部位及并发症严重程度"}, "answer": "出血量、部位及并发症严重程度", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.儿童苯丙酮尿症的初筛(  )。", "options": {"A": "Guthrie细菌生长抑制试验", "B": "尿三氯化铁试验", "C": "血浆游离氨基酸分析", "D": "尿蝶呤分析"}, "answer": "尿三氯化铁试验", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "对于影响病毒致病作用的因素,哪一项是不正确的?(  )", "options": {"A": "病毒对组织器官的亲嗜性", "B": "病毒引起的免疫性病理损伤", "C": "机体接受抗生素的剂量与种类", "D": "机体对病毒的免疫力"}, "answer": "机体接受抗生素的剂量与种类", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是治疗癫痫持续状态的首选药物?(  )", "options": {"A": "苯巴比妥钠", "B": "苯妥英钠", "C": "地西泮", "D": "水合氯醛"}, "answer": "地西泮", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.肉芽肿(  )。", "options": {"A": "黏膜上皮腺体增生,形成带蒂的肿物", "B": "吞噬细胞增生,形成境界清楚的结节状病灶", "C": "干酪样坏死+上皮样细胞+郎汉斯巨细胞的结节病灶", "D": "异物+异物巨细胞的结节病灶"}, "answer": "吞噬细胞增生,形成境界清楚的结节状病灶", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.氨基糖苷类抗生素中抗菌谱最广(  )。", "options": {"A": "妥布霉素", "B": "奈替米星", "C": "阿米卡星", "D": "庆大霉素"}, "answer": "阿米卡星", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列哪项是吗啡的适应证?(  )", "options": {"A": "颅脑外伤疼痛", "B": "诊断未明急腹症疼痛", "C": "急性严重创伤、烧伤所致的疼痛", "D": "分娩止痛"}, "answer": "急性严重创伤、烧伤所致的疼痛", "meta_info": "药理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "一个1岁小儿,未接受麻疹主动免疫,近2天接触了麻疹患儿,处理应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即接种麻疹疫苗", "B": "立即于5天内接受被动免疫", "C": "以后无需再接受主动免疫", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "立即于5天内接受被动免疫", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪项可作为心室舒张期开始的标志?(  )", "options": {"A": "第三心音", "B": "第二心音", "C": "第一心音", "D": "第四心音"}, "answer": "第二心音", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "抑郁发作时,一日之内的规律是(  )。", "options": {"A": "中午起逐渐加重", "B": "昼重夜轻", "C": "昼轻夜重", "D": "中午最严重以后减轻"}, "answer": "昼重夜轻", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "心肌缺氧时引起冠脉舒张的因素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "低氧本身", "B": "氢离子", "C": "乳酸", "D": "腺苷"}, "answer": "腺苷", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.属于躁狂症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "情感高涨", "B": "睡眠障碍", "C": "强制性哭笑", "D": "情感倒错"}, "answer": "情感高涨", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女,35岁。突感上腹部剧痛。检查:血压130/80mmHg,脉搏120次/分,板状腹,肠鸣音消失。血红蛋白120g/L,血白细胞数8.0×109/L。2.以下提示病情危险的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "恶心、呕吐频繁", "B": "脉搏加快,体温上升", "C": "腹痛加重,大汗淋漓", "D": "脉搏加快,体温下降"}, "answer": "脉搏加快,体温下降", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "肱二头肌反射中枢位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "C4~5", "B": "C5~6", "C": "C7~8", "D": "C8~T1"}, "answer": "C5~6", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "导致中枢性偏瘫包括同侧中枢性面、舌瘫的病损部位是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脊髓", "B": "小脑", "C": "丘脑", "D": "内囊"}, "answer": "内囊", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "急性心肌梗死最常见并发症是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心肌梗死后综合征", "B": "肺动脉栓塞", "C": "心室膨胀瘤", "D": "心脏乳头肌功能失调或断裂"}, "answer": "心脏乳头肌功能失调或断裂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "1.与TCR结合,传导T细胞活化信号CD分子是(  )。", "options": {"A": "CD40", "B": "CD3", "C": "CD4", "D": "CD28"}, "answer": "CD3", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "某县医院妇科医师为一孕妇接生,该孕妇生一有缺陷婴儿。该医院为产妇出具了统一制发的新生儿出生医学证明。该医院还应当(  )。", "options": {"A": "出具产妇健康证明", "B": "出具新生儿健康证明", "C": "向计划生育部门报告", "D": "向卫生行政部门报告"}, "answer": "向卫生行政部门报告", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "2周岁时体重增长平均值是下列哪项?(  )", "options": {"A": "9kg", "B": "11kg", "C": "12kg", "D": "15kg"}, "answer": "12kg", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "造成先天性甲状腺功能减低症的最主要的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "碘缺乏", "B": "甲状腺不发育或发育不全", "C": "促甲状腺激素缺乏", "D": "甲状腺或靶器官反应性低下"}, "answer": "甲状腺不发育或发育不全", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "天然血型抗体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgA", "B": "IgM", "C": "IgE", "D": "IgG"}, "answer": "IgM", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "8月女婴,生后一直人工喂养,尚未加辅食,近日时有夜惊多汗,今日突然惊厥发作,四肢抖动,面色苍白,约1分钟自行缓解,抽后玩耍如常,近二日流涕,但无发热及咳嗽,查体:营养发育较差,前囱平坦,方颅,颈强(-),心肺正常。3.急需做哪项检查,对诊断最有帮助(  )。", "options": {"A": "血Ca,P,AK", "B": "脑脊液检查", "C": "病毒分离", "D": "脑电图"}, "answer": "血Ca,P,AK", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "不存在于人体蛋白质分子中的氨基酸是(  )。", "options": {"A": "鸟氨酸", "B": "丙氨酸", "C": "甘氨酸", "D": "亮氨酸"}, "answer": "鸟氨酸", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "伸直型肱骨髁上骨折的断端最常见的移位方向是(  )。", "options": {"A": "远折端向后移位", "B": "近侧端向后移位", "C": "远折端向前移位", "D": "近折端向桡侧移位"}, "answer": "远折端向后移位", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.阻断乙酰胆碱的释放,导致肌肉松弛性麻痹的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "霍乱肠毒素", "B": "肉毒毒素", "C": "志贺毒素", "D": "破伤风痉挛毒素"}, "answer": "肉毒毒素", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "恶性程度最高、预后最差的乳腺癌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "乳头湿疹样乳腺癌", "B": "乳头状癌", "C": "炎性乳腺癌", "D": "髓样癌(伴淋巴细胞浸润)"}, "answer": "炎性乳腺癌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "胃大部分切除的患者出现严重贫血,表现为外周巨幼红细胞增多,其主要是因为下述哪一项减少(  )。", "options": {"A": "HCl", "B": "胃蛋白酶原", "C": "HCO3-", "D": "内因子"}, "answer": "内因子", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "由于使用化妆品引起面部水肿、渗出、痒痛,应属(  )。", "options": {"A": "Ⅱ型变态反应", "B": "I型变态反应", "C": "IV型变态反应", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "IV型变态反应", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "不属于评定量表的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "抑郁自评量表", "B": "适应行为量表", "C": "明尼苏达多项人格调查表", "D": "焦虑自评量表"}, "answer": "明尼苏达多项人格调查表", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列关于阑尾炎的叙述不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "阑尾动脉是终末动脉", "B": "阑尾炎发作时脐周痛属于内脏性疼痛", "C": "成人切除阑尾炎将损害机体的免疫功能", "D": "阑尾深部黏膜有嗜银细胞与类癌发生有关"}, "answer": "成人切除阑尾炎将损害机体的免疫功能", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "3.上述哪项属于B细胞缺陷病(  )。", "options": {"A": "慢性肉芽肿", "B": "DiGeorge综合征", "C": "Bruton病", "D": "补体缺陷病"}, "answer": "Bruton病", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "1.孕妇感染生殖道沙眼衣原体首选的治疗药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "青霉素", "B": "头孢曲松", "C": "氧氟沙星", "D": "红霉素"}, "answer": "红霉素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者朱某因阑尾炎住院,医生甲认为应当立即手术,朱某不同意,要求保守治疗。至第二天晚间,发生阑尾炎穿孔,急行手术。术者医生乙告知患者,由于没及时手术,已形成严重腹膜炎,后遗症难免。术后几天中,朱某一直腹痛。主治医生丙认为是腹膜炎所致,未予特殊处理。后发现是腹内遗留一把止血钳所致。2.对造成术后腹痛这一后果应承担责任的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "医生甲", "B": "患者朱某", "C": "术者乙", "D": "以上都不是"}, "answer": "术者乙", "meta_info": "卫生法规", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "某1岁男孩,因抽搐入院。上呼吸道感染2天,昨夜发热、嗜睡。体温40℃,WBC17×109/L,腰穿脑脊液细胞数4×109/L,中性粒细胞占0.88,诊断为细菌性脑膜炎。细菌培养时发现在预加的金葡菌菌落周围生长旺盛,出现卫星现象。G染色为G-杆菌。引起该患者感染的细菌可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "B群链球菌", "B": "肺炎克雷伯菌", "C": "D群链球菌", "D": "流感杆菌"}, "answer": "流感杆菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于动脉导管未闭的胸部X线征象,以下错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺动脉突出", "B": "肺门血管影变细", "C": "肺门搏动", "D": "左心室增大"}, "answer": "肺门血管影变细", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "膜性肾炎在光镜下的病变特点是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾小球毛细血管内皮细胞增生", "B": "肾小球毛细血管壁弥漫性增厚", "C": "肾小球壁层上皮细胞增生", "D": "脏层上皮细胞足突消失或融合"}, "answer": "肾小球毛细血管壁弥漫性增厚", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于细胞因子下列哪项是错误的(  )。", "options": {"A": "每种细胞因子都与其特异的细胞因子受体相结合", "B": "所有细胞因子都可由T细胞产生", "C": "T细胞的细胞因子基因在受到刺激后的数小时内活化", "D": "细胞因子受体的表达可以受细胞因子自身调控"}, "answer": "所有细胞因子都可由T细胞产生", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "不属于甲型肝炎病毒特点的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "加热100℃,5分钟可灭活", "B": "易造成慢性感染", "C": "是急性黄疸性肝炎的病原体", "D": "可用减毒活疫苗预防"}, "answer": "易造成慢性感染", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "女性,38岁,糖尿病12年,每日皮下注射入混合胰岛素治疗,早餐前30U,晚餐前24U,每日进餐规律,主食量300g。近来空腹血糖12.5mmol/L,餐后血糖7.6~9.0mmol/L。2.最可能的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "somogyi或黎明现象", "B": "晚餐主食过多或过少", "C": "未加口服降糖药物", "D": "餐后血糖控制不住"}, "answer": "somogyi或黎明现象", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "小儿肺炎引起脓胸最常见的病原菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肺炎链球菌", "B": "溶血性链球菌", "C": "流感嗜血杆菌", "D": "金黄色葡萄球菌"}, "answer": "金黄色葡萄球菌", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,16岁,左小腿上段肿胀疼痛半年,近1个月来肿胀明显,夜间痛明显。查体:左胫骨上端肿胀严重,压痛明显,浅静脉怒张,扪及-6cm×7cm硬性肿块,固定、边界不清。X线片示左胫骨上段呈虫蚀状溶骨性破坏,骨膜反应明显,可见Codman三角。3.最佳治疗方案是(  )。", "options": {"A": "单纯放疗", "B": "单纯化疗", "C": "截肢术,术前后化疗", "D": "刮除植骨术,术前后化疗"}, "answer": "截肢术,术前后化疗", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "下列属于副交感神经的作用的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "糖原分解增加", "B": "逼尿肌收缩", "C": "骨骼肌血管舒张", "D": "消化道括约肌收缩"}, "answer": "逼尿肌收缩", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,40岁。上腹部不适伴纳差1个月,既往体健。胃镜检查结果为黏膜相关性淋巴瘤。与该病发生密切相关的病原体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "军团菌", "B": "粪肠球菌", "C": "幽门螺杆菌", "D": "大肠埃希菌"}, "answer": "幽门螺杆菌", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "骨关节炎镇痛治疗首选(  )。", "options": {"A": "口服阿司匹林", "B": "口服氨基葡萄糖", "C": "关节内注射透明质酸钠", "D": "口服对乙酰氨基酚"}, "answer": "口服对乙酰氨基酚", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "有权批准医疗机构取得麻醉药品、第一类精神药品的部门是(  )。", "options": {"A": "该区的市级人民政府卫生行政部门", "B": "该区的县级人民政府卫生行政部门", "C": "该区的市级公安部门", "D": "医学会"}, "answer": "该区的市级人民政府卫生行政部门", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "正常人体的血液总量约占体重的(  )。", "options": {"A": "4%", "B": "8%", "C": "16%", "D": "45%"}, "answer": "8%", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "关于动脉血压的叙述中,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "心室收缩时,血液对动脉管壁的侧压,称为收缩压", "B": "主动脉血压和左心室内压的变动幅度是相同的", "C": "其他因素不变时,心率加快使脉压增大", "D": "男女性的动脉血压均随年龄的增长而逐渐升高"}, "answer": "男女性的动脉血压均随年龄的增长而逐渐升高", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女性,67岁。高血压史4年,发作性头晕、复视伴左侧肢体无力,每次约半小时可缓解。发作时查体:血压:150/100mmHg,右眼内斜视,左侧肢体轻偏瘫,肌力4级,病理反射阳性。该患者的诊断最可能是(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑血栓形成", "B": "脑栓塞", "C": "颈内动脉系统TlA", "D": "椎基底动脉系统TIA"}, "answer": "椎基底动脉系统TIA", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,30岁。肛门周围胀痛,伴畏寒、发热3天。检查:肛门周围皮肤发红,压痛明显。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肛门旁皮下脓肿", "B": "肛瘘炎", "C": "混合痔", "D": "内痔"}, "answer": "肛门旁皮下脓肿", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "肾小球滤过率是指(  )。", "options": {"A": "每分钟两侧肾生成的超滤液量", "B": "每分钟两侧肾生成的终尿量", "C": "每分钟每侧肾生成的终尿量", "D": "每分钟两侧肾的血浆流量"}, "answer": "每分钟两侧肾生成的超滤液量", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.5岁以下小儿营养状态中等时上臂围应该是(  )。", "options": {"A": ">13.5cm", "B": "13.5~12.5cm", "C": "<12.5cm", "D": "<10.5cm"}, "answer": "13.5~12.5cm", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,男,5岁,跌倒时身体前倾手掌着地,查体肘关节半屈状,肘部明显肿胀及压痛,皮下有瘀斑,肘向后突出畸形,肘前方可及骨折端,肘后三角存在,考虑该患者最可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "肱骨髁上骨折伸直型", "B": "尺骨鹰嘴骨折", "C": "肘关节脱位", "D": "肱骨髁上骨折屈曲型"}, "answer": "肱骨髁上骨折伸直型", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,21岁,右利,突然癫痫发作并伴头痛、呕吐、颈项强直、低热、命名性失语。5.最有意义的辅助检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "EEG", "B": "MRI+MRA(磁共振血管成像)", "C": "腰穿检查", "D": "SPECT(单光子发射计算机断层扫描)"}, "answer": "MRI+MRA(磁共振血管成像)", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "刺激卵巢的月经黄体变为妊娠黄体的激素是(  )。", "options": {"A": "孕激素", "B": "雌激素", "C": "黄体生成素", "D": "绒毛膜促性腺激素"}, "answer": "绒毛膜促性腺激素", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项不是动脉粥样硬化的血管病理变化?(  )", "options": {"A": "细动脉痉挛、增厚", "B": "中膜平滑肌细胞受压萎缩", "C": "纤维帽下见黄色粥样物质", "D": "可见胆固醇结晶"}, "answer": "细动脉痉挛、增厚", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "男,30岁,2小时前突然上腹刀割样痛。迅速波及全腹,不敢直腰走路。检查:板状腹,腹肌强直,有腹膜刺激征,肠鸣音消失,肝浊音界缩小。应考虑的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "阑尾穿孔", "B": "溃疡病穿孔", "C": "胆囊穿孔", "D": "急性出血性胰腺炎"}, "answer": "溃疡病穿孔", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "重叠奔马律常见于(  )。", "options": {"A": "病态窦房结综合征", "B": "房性期前收缩", "C": "心力衰竭伴心动过速", "D": "肥厚型心肌病"}, "answer": "心力衰竭伴心动过速", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "中毒后临床表现为双侧瞳孔散大的毒物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "有机磷杀虫剂", "B": "氯丙嗪", "C": "阿片类药物", "D": "阿托品"}, "answer": "阿托品", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不是鉴定金黄色葡萄菌的依据为(  )。", "options": {"A": "金黄色色素", "B": "葡萄状排列的G+球菌", "C": "血浆凝固酶阳性", "D": "发酵菊糖"}, "answer": "发酵菊糖", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "为了避免出现临床医疗事故与差错,最应关注的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "医务人员的责任感", "B": "医务人员的经验", "C": "医务人员的技术", "D": "医院管理的水平"}, "answer": "医务人员的责任感", "meta_info": "医学伦理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "处于活化状态的真核基因对DNaseⅠ(  )。", "options": {"A": "高度敏感", "B": "中度敏感", "C": "不敏感", "D": "不一定"}, "answer": "高度敏感", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.属于常见变应原的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "HLA", "B": "花粉", "C": "进入血液的精子", "D": "Forssman抗原"}, "answer": "花粉", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "洋地黄中毒的治疗措施中,下列说法错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "立即停用洋地黄", "B": "出现快速心律失常者,如血钾浓度正常则可应用苯妥英钠或利多卡因", "C": "应用电复律", "D": "出现缓慢心律失常者,应用异丙肾上腺素治疗"}, "answer": "应用电复律", "meta_info": "第2篇 心血管系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "当某一感官处于功能状态时,另一感官出现幻觉,此现象是(  )。", "options": {"A": "功能性幻觉", "B": "内脏性幻觉", "C": "假性幻觉", "D": "反射性幻觉"}, "answer": "假性幻觉", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,62岁。上腹胀、隐痛2个月,伴食欲减退、乏力、消瘦、大便发黑。查体:消瘦,浅表淋巴结无肿大,双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿啰音,心律齐,腹软,无压痛。上消化道钡剂造影见胃窦部小弯侧黏膜紊乱,可见直径3.5cm不规则充盈缺损,胃壁僵直。其最常见的扩散转移途径是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹腔内种植", "B": "胃肠道内转移", "C": "淋巴结转移", "D": "血行转移"}, "answer": "淋巴结转移", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "29岁孕妇,妊娠32周,3周内阴道少量流血2次,今晨突然出现阴道流血多于月经量,无腹痛,血压13.3/10.7kpa,脉率96次/分,宫高30cm,腹围85cm,臀先露,未入盆,胎心清楚,144次/分。1.应最先考虑的疾病是(  )。", "options": {"A": "早产", "B": "前置胎盘", "C": "胎盘早期剥离", "D": "妊娠合并宫颈癌"}, "answer": "前置胎盘", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,56岁,左臀部注射青霉素后红肿、剧痛伴发热10天。曾作切开排脓,但引流欠通畅,改用红霉素,仍发热不适。近2天伴有寒战、弛张型高热、头痛、肩部肿痛。查体:BP 110/70mmHg,神志淡漠,唇色苍白。呼吸深快,肺部呼吸音清,未闻及啰音,心率快。左臀切口渗液。血WBC 21×109/L。细菌血培养阴性。1.该患者的主要诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "代谢性碱中毒", "B": "脓毒症", "C": "肺部感染", "D": "二重感染"}, "answer": "脓毒症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "患儿,女,10个月,牛奶喂养,未加辅食,近半月患儿皮肤渐苍白,进食少,不愿活动。血象Hbl00g/L,RBC3.08×1012/L。为明确贫血的原因,下述哪一项检查具有早期诊断价值?(  )", "options": {"A": "骨髓穿刺", "B": "血清铁测定", "C": "血清铁蛋白的测定", "D": "总铁结合力测定"}, "answer": "血清铁蛋白的测定", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "4.发热3~4天出疹,出疹期热更高(  )。", "options": {"A": "麻疹", "B": "风疹", "C": "幼儿急疹", "D": "猩红热"}, "answer": "猩红热", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下面对骨折愈合的影响作用最小的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "年龄", "B": "固定情况", "C": "感染", "D": "软组织损伤的程度"}, "answer": "固定情况", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下述哪一种炎症介质具有趋化作用?(  )", "options": {"A": "C3b", "B": "C5a", "C": "缓激肽", "D": "活性氧代谢产物"}, "answer": "C5a", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "下列情况不属于基因表达阶段特异性的是,一个基因在(  )。", "options": {"A": "分化的骨骼肌细胞表达,在未分化的心肌细胞不表达", "B": "分化的骨骼肌细胞表达,在未分化的骨骼肌细胞不表达", "C": "胚胎发育过程表达,在出生后不表达", "D": "胚胎发育过程不表达,出生后表达"}, "answer": "分化的骨骼肌细胞表达,在未分化的心肌细胞不表达", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "属于顺式作用元件的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "转录抑制因子", "B": "转录激活因子", "C": "增强子", "D": "内含子"}, "answer": "增强子", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,6个月,因便秘、食欲差、嗜睡、反应迟钝来诊。查体:体温:35.5℃,脉搏100次/分,呼吸30次/分,皮肤粗糙,干燥,头大,颈短,眼距宽,鼻梁宽平,腹胀,脐疝。1.该患儿的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "先天愚型", "B": "甲状腺功能减低症", "C": "黏多糖病", "D": "佝偻病"}, "answer": "甲状腺功能减低症", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "10岁女孩持续发热12天,体温在38~39℃,每日腹泻3或4次,稀便;肝肋下l.0cm,脾肋下2.Ocm;血白细胞5.0×109/L;肥达反应“0”1:160:“H”1:160;肝功检查:ALT 80单位(正常<40单位);尿胆原阳性;尿胆素阴性;抗HBs阳性。最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "疟疾", "B": "伤寒", "C": "病毒性的肝炎", "D": "粟粒型肺结核"}, "answer": "伤寒", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.小脑病变出现的步态是(  )。", "options": {"A": "划圈样步态", "B": "跨阈步态", "C": "剪刀样步态", "D": "醉汉步态"}, "answer": "醉汉步态", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列关于病人的退化行为的表现不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "不配合治疗", "B": "依赖性加强", "C": "兴趣狭窄", "D": "行为表现与年龄、社会角色不相称"}, "answer": "不配合治疗", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "1.流行性乙型脑炎属于(  )。", "options": {"A": "变质性炎", "B": "出血性炎", "C": "纤维素性炎", "D": "肉芽肿性炎"}, "answer": "变质性炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "高位小肠梗阻除腹痛外,主要症状是(  )。", "options": {"A": "腹胀", "B": "停止排气、排便", "C": "呕吐频繁", "D": "血便"}, "answer": "呕吐频繁", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患儿,8个月,1个月前肺炎,治愈后始终不愿进食,仅吃母乳。近半个月,面色渐白。活动减少。血象:RBC3.05×1012/L,Hb70g/L,WBC8×109/L,PLTl56×109/L,MCV72pg,MCH25fl,MCHC30%。其诊断应该为(  )。", "options": {"A": "缺铁性贫血", "B": "巨幼细胞性贫血", "C": "再生障碍性贫血", "D": "营养性混合性贫血"}, "answer": "缺铁性贫血", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.对C群结核分枝杆菌最敏感的抗结核药物是(  )。", "options": {"A": "异烟肼", "B": "利福平", "C": "以上都不正确", "D": "以上均正确"}, "answer": "利福平", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,36岁,5天前发热、咽痛,应用抗生素治疗无效,颈部浅表淋巴结肿大,咽部充血。扁桃体Ⅱ°肿大,下肢少许瘀斑。白细胞16.6×109/L,原始细胞0.60,血红蛋白80g/L,血小板34×109/L。3.为明确诊断应做的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血清铁蛋白", "B": "骨髓扫描", "C": "淋巴结活检", "D": "骨髓涂片细胞学检查"}, "answer": "骨髓涂片细胞学检查", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "女,25岁。上腹痛6天,餐后突然加剧4小时,并很快波及全腹,既往有胃病史。当时查体:全腹压痛、反跳痛,肌紧张,肝浊音界消失,肠鸣音减弱。1.最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性阑尾炎穿孔", "B": "胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔", "C": "胃癌", "D": "急性出血性胰腺炎"}, "answer": "胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔", "meta_info": "第3篇 消化系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "传播途径中哪项同艾滋病无关?(  )", "options": {"A": "注射", "B": "虫媒", "C": "母婴", "D": "器官移植"}, "answer": "虫媒", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "1.肺小细胞癌(  )。", "options": {"A": "中央型多见", "B": "周围型多见", "C": "弥漫型多见", "D": "发生于胸膜"}, "answer": "中央型多见", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "贫血性梗死主要发生于(  )。", "options": {"A": "心、肝、肾", "B": "心、肾、牌", "C": "大脑、肺、肾", "D": "小肠、肝、心"}, "answer": "心、肾、牌", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "病毒中和试验是病毒血清学特异试验,以下描述不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "是中和抗体与病毒结合使病毒失去感染性的一种试验", "B": "需用活细胞或鸡胚或动物来判断结果", "C": "中和抗体在体内维持时间较短", "D": "是用已知病毒抗原检测中和抗体"}, "answer": "中和抗体在体内维持时间较短", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女性,42岁,2个月来,情绪低落,兴趣索然,自觉“高兴不起来”,生不如死,“自己的脑子不灵了”,“像是生了锈的机器”,认为自己成了家庭和社会的累赘,“成了废物”,有胸闷、心悸、心慌的症状,自认为有严重心脏病,不能治愈。主动性言语及活动明显减少,生活被动,愿独处。曾多次自杀未遂,睡眠不好,早醒。1.该病人的精神症状不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "思维迟缓", "B": "情绪低落", "C": "夸大妄想", "D": "意志活动减退"}, "answer": "夸大妄想", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "疾病的特点是全身组织发育不良、易发生反复感染、易发生GVHR、易发生自身免疫病或肿瘤。该病可能为(  )。", "options": {"A": "SCID(重症联合免疫缺陷病)", "B": "DiGeorge(先天性胸腺发育不全)", "C": "共济失调、毛细血管扩张", "D": "网状组织发育不全"}, "answer": "SCID(重症联合免疫缺陷病)", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "静脉滴注生理盐水引起肾小球滤过率增加是因为(  )。", "options": {"A": "囊内压下降", "B": "肾小球毛细血管压增高", "C": "血浆胶体渗透压增高", "D": "肾血浆流量增多"}, "answer": "肾血浆流量增多", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "关于产气荚膜梭菌,错误的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "兼性厌氧菌", "B": "在牛乳培养基中可出现“汹涌发酵”现象", "C": "产生的毒素为一种卵磷脂酶", "D": "可导致气性坏疽"}, "answer": "兼性厌氧菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,72岁,银行职员,高中文化,3年前开始记忆力下降,逐渐加重,刚吃完饭后就忘记,说没吃饭,记不住孙子的名字,把子女错认为别人,远记力尚可,经常吵闹要回原来人家,有时焦虑,简单计算均可,复杂计算力差,在家乱翻东西,自己存折忘记放在什么地方,找不到时认为被女儿偷去了,躯体及神经系统检查无异常。2.最可能诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "老年性痴呆", "B": "人格改变", "C": "脑肿瘤", "D": "抑郁症"}, "answer": "老年性痴呆", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "判断系统性红斑狼疮活动度的指标是(  )。", "options": {"A": "活动性炎症损害,如皮疹、浆膜、肾炎等", "B": "抗双链DNA抗体效价升高", "C": "C3、CH50水平下降", "D": "以上均是"}, "answer": "以上均是", "meta_info": "第五部分 风湿免疫性疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "基底神经节对运动的调节功能不包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "纹状体参与的调节功能", "B": "红核参与的调节功能", "C": "丘脑底核参与的调节功能", "D": "杏仁核参与的调节功能"}, "answer": "杏仁核参与的调节功能", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男婴,4天。体温不升伴拒奶2天。足月儿,羊膜早破。查体:T 35℃,皮肤巩膜黄染,面色发绀。肺(-),心(-),肝肋下3cm,脾肋下1cm。实验室检查:血型O型,血WBC 16.0×109/L,CRP 20mg/L,总胆红素205μmol/L,最可能的诊断是新生儿(  )。", "options": {"A": "败血症", "B": "肺炎", "C": "溶血病", "D": "颅内出血"}, "answer": "败血症", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "患者,男,22岁,自2m高处摔下,当即昏迷,送医院后l小时清醒,头痛,呕吐,右上肢肌力Ⅱ级,脑脊液检查有红细胞,CT扫描见右颞顶叶低密度灶,其中有散在点状高密度影,考虑为(  )。", "options": {"A": "脑干损伤", "B": "脑挫裂伤", "C": "脑震荡", "D": "脑内血肿"}, "answer": "脑挫裂伤", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男性,36岁,已婚,因龟头部赘生物一周就诊,在其龟头及冠状沟部可见数个乳头瘤样小丘疹,表面潮湿柔软,呈污灰色,承认不洁性接触史,醋酸白试验阳性,其最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "尖锐湿疣", "B": "扁平湿疣", "C": "假性湿疣", "D": "阴茎珍珠状丘疹病"}, "answer": "尖锐湿疣", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "成人双膝以下烧伤,烧伤面积约占体表面积的(  )。", "options": {"A": "10%", "B": "20%", "C": "25%", "D": "30%"}, "answer": "20%", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "DIC发病过程的中心环节是(  )。", "options": {"A": "凝血酶消耗过多", "B": "促凝物质产生过多", "C": "凝血酶产生过多", "D": "血小板消耗增多"}, "answer": "促凝物质产生过多", "meta_info": "第一部分 血液系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "根据CCMD-3,下列哪项不符合精神分裂症的诊断标准?(  )", "options": {"A": "反复出现的言语性幻听", "B": "原发性妄想", "C": "社会功能严重受损", "D": "一般继发于意识障碍"}, "answer": "一般继发于意识障碍", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,38岁,两天来阵发性脐周疼痛,恶心,呕吐频繁,量较大,尿量少,无口渴。查体:腹胀不明显,偶见肠型,肠鸣音亢进,血白细胞12×109/L,中性粒细胞80%,PCO2 30vo1%,收入院。此患者出现了哪种代谢紊乱(  )。", "options": {"A": "低渗性脱水,代谢性碱中毒", "B": "代谢性酸中毒,高渗性脱水", "C": "代谢性酸中毒,低渗性脱水", "D": "呼吸性酸中毒,低渗性脱水"}, "answer": "代谢性酸中毒,低渗性脱水", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,51岁。绝经3年,阴道流血3个月,TBS分类为高度鳞状上皮细胞内病变,进一步处理为(  )。", "options": {"A": "切除子宫", "B": "阴道镜检查", "C": "诊断性刮宫+宫颈活体组织检查", "D": "宫颈锥形切除术"}, "answer": "诊断性刮宫+宫颈活体组织检查", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "女,64岁。大量呕血1天,给予禁食、外周补液治疗。查体:P 100次/分,BP 90/60mmHg,CVP 5cmH2O。10分钟内静脉输入等渗盐水250ml后,测得BP 110/70mmHg, CVP 5cmH2O。提示病情最有可能的情况是(  )。", "options": {"A": "创伤反应", "B": "血容量不足", "C": "血容量相对过多", "D": "容量血管过度收缩"}, "answer": "血容量不足", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "经产妇,孕3产2,无难产史,孕39+2周,3h前开始规则宫缩,急诊检查:宫缩持续45s,间隔3min,胎心140次/min,头位,宫口开4cm,羊膜囊明显膨出,骨盆内诊正常,此时最恰当的处理是(  )。", "options": {"A": "破膜后住院", "B": "立即住院待产", "C": "急送产房消毒接生", "D": "灌肠以促进产程,减少污染"}, "answer": "急送产房消毒接生", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "关于正常妊娠,下列哪一项是错误的?(  )", "options": {"A": "免疫学妊娠试验于妊娠第8~10周时阳性率最高", "B": "停经7~8周时,多普勒胎心听诊仪可听到胎心", "C": "自觉胎动多从妊娠第20周左右开始", "D": "胎心在妊娠16周可以听到"}, "answer": "停经7~8周时,多普勒胎心听诊仪可听到胎心", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "青年男性患者,发热、胸痛、咳红褐色痰、呼吸困难。X线检查:右肺上叶大片致密阴影,边界模糊。该患者最可能诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "病毒性肺炎", "B": "干酪样肺炎", "C": "大叶性肺炎", "D": "小叶性肺炎"}, "answer": "大叶性肺炎", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,63岁,肺源性心脏病急性加重期患者。血气分析:pH 7.25、PaCO2 9.3kPa(70mmHg)、HCO3- 30mmol/L。对其酸碱失衡的治疗措施应为(  )。", "options": {"A": "给予激素", "B": "静脉滴注盐酸精氨酸", "C": "静脉滴注5%碳酸氢钠", "D": "改善通气功能"}, "answer": "改善通气功能", "meta_info": "第1篇 呼吸系统", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "患者女,60岁,摔伤后左髋部疼痛6小时入院。查体:左下肢外旋畸形,左下肢短缩。X线片示:左股骨颈骨折头下型,移位明显。1.该患者治疗方案选择(  )。", "options": {"A": "左下肢持续皮牵引8周", "B": "左胫骨结节牵引8周", "C": "切开复位,DHS固定", "D": "左人工股骨头置换"}, "answer": "左人工股骨头置换", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男,50岁。车祸致下腹部受伤2小时。查体:T 36.8℃,P 90次/分,R 20次/分,BP 140/70mmHg,双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿啰音,心律齐,未闻及杂音,下腹膨隆,有压痛,无肌紧张,移动性浊音阴性,耻骨联合处压痛,骨盆分离挤压试验阳性,予导尿,导尿管插入后仍未引出尿液,导尿管尖端见血迹,最可能的原因是(  )。", "options": {"A": "导尿管插入方法不对", "B": "骨盆骨折并膀胱损伤", "C": "导尿管插入深度不足", "D": "骨盆骨折合并尿道断裂"}, "answer": "骨盆骨折合并尿道断裂", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,52岁,北京人,8月来诊。发热,两周,伴腹痛、腹泻,稀便5~6次/日,有皮疹。查体:T38~39.5℃,皮肤荨麻疹,浅表淋巴结肿大,肝肋下3cm,质软,病前1个月,曾去江西等地出差,用青霉素治疗1周无效。3.下列检查中对本病的诊断没有帮助的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "血象", "B": "粪便毛蚴孵化", "C": "肠粘膜活检", "D": "便常规"}, "answer": "便常规", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不符合固缩坏死的描述是(  )。", "options": {"A": "常表现为单个细胞或小灶状坏死", "B": "核酸内切酶被激活,引起染色质凝集", "C": "凋亡小体形成", "D": "引起强烈炎症反应"}, "answer": "引起强烈炎症反应", "meta_info": "病理学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "对诊断门静脉高压最有价值的依据是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肝功能异常", "B": "脾大和脾功能亢进", "C": "食管胃底静脉曲张", "D": "肝掌阳性"}, "answer": "食管胃底静脉曲张", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男,70岁。上下楼梯时双膝关节疼痛2年。查体:双手远端指尖关节背侧可见Heberden结节,双膝活动有摩擦感。实验室检查:ESR正常,RF 15IU/ml(正常<20IU/ml)。最可能的诊断为(  )。", "options": {"A": "痛风性关节炎", "B": "风湿性关节炎", "C": "骨关节炎", "D": "半月板损伤"}, "answer": "骨关节炎", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "患者突然出现两眼向右侧共同偏视,右侧中枢性上下肢瘫,病变位于(  )。", "options": {"A": "在侧额叶病变", "B": "左侧额叶病变", "C": "左侧内囊", "D": "左侧脑桥"}, "answer": "左侧脑桥", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不属于促进慢性肾炎恶化因素的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肾脏基础病变活动", "B": "高蛋白饮食", "C": "高脂血症", "D": "遗传因素"}, "answer": "遗传因素", "meta_info": "第二部分 模拟试题", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "3.肥达反应不会出现的结果是(  )。", "options": {"A": "肥达反应:O抗体增高,H抗体增高", "B": "肥达反应:O抗体不高,H抗体增高", "C": "肥达反应:O抗体不高,H抗体不高", "D": "副伤寒沙门菌O抗体增高"}, "answer": "副伤寒沙门菌O抗体增高", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "可代替立克次体为抗原进行外斐反应的细菌是(  )。", "options": {"A": "大肠杆菌", "B": "变形杆菌", "C": "铜绿假单胞菌", "D": "百日咳杆菌"}, "answer": "变形杆菌", "meta_info": "医学微生物学", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "以下生活事件应激最高的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "配偶死亡", "B": "判刑", "C": "离婚", "D": "患癌症"}, "answer": "配偶死亡", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "甲亢做次全切除术,主要并发症中最危急的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "术后甲状腺危象", "B": "术后呼吸困难或窒息", "C": "喉返神经损伤", "D": "手足抽搐"}, "answer": "术后呼吸困难或窒息", "meta_info": "第二部分 代谢、内分泌系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "男,7岁,突发寒战,高热,右膝下方剧痛3天,查体T 39.8℃,P 86次/分,R 25次/分,BP 110/60mmHg。烦躁不安,右膝关节呈半屈曲状,拒动,右小腿近端皮温高,肿胀不明显,压痛阳性。3.诊断明确后首选的处理措施(  )。", "options": {"A": "足量抗生素", "B": "支持治疗", "C": "手术", "D": "肢体制动"}, "answer": "足量抗生素", "meta_info": "第一部分 历年真题", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "女性,28岁,被人发现昏迷且休克,屋内有火炉,且发现有敌敌畏空瓶。查体:体温36℃,BP 90/60mmHg,四肢厥冷,腱反射消失,心电图Ⅰ度房室传导阻滞,尿糖(+),尿蛋白(+),血液的COHb为60%。1.该患者最可能的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "急性有机磷农药中毒", "B": "急性CO中毒", "C": "糖尿病酮症酸中毒", "D": "急性亚硝酸盐中毒"}, "answer": "急性CO中毒", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "行为主义治疗常用的技术包括(  )。", "options": {"A": "解释", "B": "共情", "C": "系统脱敏", "D": "无条件积极关注"}, "answer": "系统脱敏", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "男性,65岁。下楼时不慎摔伤右髋部,查体右下肢短缩,外旋50°畸形,右髋肿胀不明显,但有叩痛。2.为证实诊断首先需要的检查是(  )。", "options": {"A": "X线平片", "B": "CT检查", "C": "核素扫描", "D": "关节造影"}, "answer": "X线平片", "meta_info": "第四部分 运动系统疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "3.惩罚(  )。", "options": {"A": "行为出现的频率增加,给予正性强化物", "B": "行为出现的频率增加,撤销负性强化物", "C": "行为出现的频率减少,给予负性强化物", "D": "行为出现的频率减少,不给予强化"}, "answer": "行为出现的频率减少,给予负性强化物", "meta_info": "医学心理学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "11个月婴儿发热、剧烈呕吐,嗜睡、烦躁交替出现,惊厥1次。前囟膨隆,右侧鼻唇沟变浅,颈项强直。其母患有肺结核。1.此患儿最可能的诊断为结核性脑膜炎,可发生的病理改变不正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "颅内炎性渗出物易在脑顶表面聚集", "B": "结核性脑膜炎可引起脑组织梗死", "C": "可引起脑室扩大", "D": "可引起颅神经损害"}, "answer": "颅内炎性渗出物易在脑顶表面聚集", "meta_info": "第六部分 儿科疾病", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "对下丘脑调节肽的叙述,正确的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "主要作用是调节腺垂体的活动", "B": "现已知有7种下丘脑调节肽", "C": "对所有腺垂体激素有双重调节作用", "D": "通过下丘脑垂体束作用于垂体"}, "answer": "主要作用是调节腺垂体的活动", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "当血小板数目低于下列哪一数值时,就会出现出血倾向?(  )", "options": {"A": "50×109/L", "B": "100×109/L", "C": "150×109/L", "D": "200×109/L"}, "answer": "50×109/L", "meta_info": "生理学", "answer_idx": "A"} {"question": "初产妇第二产程不应超过(  )。", "options": {"A": "60分钟", "B": "90分钟", "C": "120分钟", "D": "180分钟"}, "answer": "120分钟", "meta_info": "第5篇 女性生殖系统", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "有一名6岁男孩,3天前右额碰在桌子角上,当时能哭,现右额颞部头皮隆起,局部触之有12cm×12cm波动区,无神经系统定位症状,头颅CT片示右额颞头皮肿胀。1.该病例诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "皮下血肿", "B": "骨膜下血肿", "C": "帽状筋膜下血肿", "D": "头皮下积液"}, "answer": "帽状筋膜下血肿", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "对于RNA引物不正确的为(  )。", "options": {"A": "以DNA为模板合成", "B": "在复制结束前被切除", "C": "由DNA聚合酶催化生成", "D": "为DNA复制提供3’-0H"}, "answer": "由DNA聚合酶催化生成", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "C"} {"question": "核酸中含量相对恒定的元素为下列哪种?(  )", "options": {"A": "碳", "B": "氧", "C": "氮", "D": "磷"}, "answer": "磷", "meta_info": "生物化学", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "不符合乳腺囊性增生病的是(  )。", "options": {"A": "可以发生癌变", "B": "常见于两侧乳房", "C": "与内分泌功能失调有关", "D": "基本病变是乳腺腺泡的增生"}, "answer": "基本病变是乳腺腺泡的增生", "meta_info": "第八部分 其他疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "下列哪项为钩端螺旋体病犬型的主要储存宿主?(  )", "options": {"A": "牛", "B": "猪", "C": "狼", "D": "狗"}, "answer": "狗", "meta_info": "第七部分 传染病、性传播疾病", "answer_idx": "D"} {"question": "男性,22岁,l年前因精神刺激表现为郁郁不乐,认为自己有罪,耳边听到有说话声,内容说不出,有时侧耳倾听“地球隆隆响声”,问家人“为什么我想的事别人都知道”,看见小汽车非常恐惧,不出门,独处一隅,喝酒,自语、自笑。躯体、神经系统检查均正常。意识清晰,一次突然对着打开的电风扇下跪说:“我有罪,该死。”近期听到电风扇有一男人说:“你是叛徒,内奸。”认为自己大脑被一名死者控制着,哭笑都不受自己支配,自己想事别人通过遥控器控制他,有时想事想到一半时,认为想法被一个死人“抽走”了,无法继续想下去。1.该患者的诊断是(  )。", "options": {"A": "反应性精神病", "B": "精神分裂症偏执型", "C": "抑郁症", "D": "偏执性精神病"}, "answer": "精神分裂症偏执型", "meta_info": "第三部分 精神神经系统疾病", "answer_idx": "B"} {"question": "参与溶血症的抗体是(  )。", "options": {"A": "IgD", "B": "IgA", "C": "IgG", "D": "IgE"}, "answer": "IgG", "meta_info": "医学免疫学", "answer_idx": "C"}